The Missionary Review of the World — April 1921

XLIV NUMBER

APRIL, 1921 BURMA AWAKENED R. P. CURRIER RELIGIOUS WORK IN THE MIRAJ HOSPITAL w. J. WANLESS HINDUISM IN THE UNITED STATES CLIFFORD M. DRURY SAALAKO, A HOPI INDIAN PRIESTESS COE HAYNE HOW TO CREATE MISSIONARY INTEREST s. S. HOUGH BRITISH STUDENTS AND THE WORLD K. S. LATOURETTE $2.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COpy MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY HARRISBURG, PA. 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK

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Write for further information to GEORGE M. FOWLES, Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, or W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer of the Board of Home Missions and Church Exten- sion, 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. .

Please mention THI~ MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L PlERSON, Editor CONTENTS FOR APRIL, 1921 Page FRONTISPIECE ………………………. SAALAKO, HOPI INDIAN PRIESTESS EDITORIAL COMMENT …………………………………………….. 261 THE GANDHI MOVIlMIlNT IN INDIA THIl MIlxICAN PROBLEM TODAY PORTUGUeSE OPPOSITION TO MISSIONS RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN ENGLAND A MOSLEM MISSION TO AMERICA TRUTHS AN!) HALF TRUTHS THE LuTHERAN QUADRICENTENARY BURMA AWAKENED ………………………………… R. P. CURRIIlR 271 A stirring story of stirring times in a hitherto sleepy land. The influence of the Gandhi Movement On Burmese students.

RELIGIOUS WORK IN MIRA] HOSPITAL, INDIA … W.]. WANLESS, M. D. 277 The story of the influence of one of the great mission hospitals ill India on the life and thought of the community. Illustrated.

HINDUISM IN THE UNITED STATES ………………. CUFfORD M. DRURY 281 An account of the religious ideas and worship of a Hindu sect in CaliforniC!.

SAALAKO, A HOPI INDIAN PRIESTESS ………………….. Col( HAYNE 284 The story of a picturesque character of a tribe of snake duncers in A'ri;-;ona, who. has herself recently become a Christian.

HOW TO CREATE MISSIONARY INTEREST …………… S. S. HOUGH 291 The account of a successful Forward lY10vement Campaign, and methods used to awaken the home Church.

BRITISH STUDENTS AND THE WORLD …… " ……… K. S. LATouRe1'fIl 290 A report of the British Student Missi01lary Conference, recently held ill Glas- gow.

A SCHOOL FOR MISSIONARIES ………….. ' ……… ROBERT At KURTZ 303 The work of the Bible Teachers Training School, "'ew Yorl" and its reiatioll to home and foreign missions.

A SIGN FOR SUICIDES IN JAPAN…………………………………. 308 Illustrated.

A "CUP OF TEA" IN THE MISSIONARY PROGRAM …. MRS. E. C. CRONK 311 Workable suggestions for missionary societies of all ages.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN .. EDm:D BY MRS. WM. H. FARMER 310 A letter from Dr. Mary Stone, of China.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ………………………… ……………. 323 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY 336 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1921, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office at Harrisburg, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

Robert :E. Speer, President Frank L. Brown, Vice~President Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary Valter McDougal1, 'Treasurer Publication office, Harrisburg, Pa. Editorial and Bus.iness Office, 156 Fifth Avenue', Z5C. a copy $2.50 a year New York City.

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*** Do not forget that a narrow viewpoint is impoverishing-a world-wide view is inspiring. A reader (71 years of age) writes from Canada: "I had become thoroughly dissatisfied Christ said: with denominational papers' accounts of missions and am much better informed ItCleanse the Lepers" about mission work and missionary enterprise through the ReVIEW. . Will you add your gift to the gifts of others so that you may not only allevi- "If such literature as the REVIew could ate the sufferings of these unfortunates be regularly placed within reach of the but will do your part to average Christian increased interest and much more liberal giving would be the re- Rid the World of Leprosy sult. . America's share in this task calls for "The congregation to which I belong $2I9,I50 this year, or $5 each twelve could easily give $6,000 a year to missions minutes. if the subj eet were properly presented to the people; as it is they give less than The American Mission to Lepers, Inc. $1,000 a year. . . .

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EVIEW~ VOL. APRIL, 1921 NUMBER XLIV FOUR THE GANDHI MOVEMENT IN INDIA A N ARTICLE in this number of the REVIEW describes the ..tl.. "Awakening of Burma,': and refers to the influence of what is called" the Gandhi Movement," or non-cooperation in India. This is one of the anti-British agitations that are disturbing the country and are hindering the progress of the governmental reforms.

M. K. Gandhi, from whom the movement received its name, is a unique figure in public life. He was a Hindu lawyer and ascetic who began his public career in South Africa by defending the Indian coolie who was being exploited in the sugar plantations of Natal, returned to India about the time the war broke out to devote himself to social and moral problems and inspired a non-cooperation revolution among his countrymen. In three years he has passed from being a fairly warm supporter of the government to its most outspoken opponent, the basis of his hostility being the harsh treatment meted out to offenders in the Punjab disturbances of 1919. Mr. Gandhi maintains that the only panacea for the social ills of the day is to return to some idealistic past, and advocates a peaceable aloofness toward British efforts at reform, hoping thus to destroy the present regime, root and branch. He holds that a bad self· government is preferable to an enlightened dependent government, such as that of the British in India.

The steps in his program are: 1. All title holders should renounce their titles, and honorary officers give up their honorary posts.

2. Lawyers to give up their practice and to establish national courts. 3. The withdrawal of students from schools and colleges. 4. The withdrawal of men from the Police and Army. 5. The non-payment of taxes.

261

Few title holders have thus far given up their titles and not many lawyers have fallen in line, but the students have been an easy mark. They were at first swept off their feet by Mr. Gandhi's abuse of existing institutions, but are now coming back to their studies, and their sanity. Most of the schools have reopened and the students have returned. In Sialkot, a national, non-cooperating school has been started, and mobs have visited the mission schools to prevent students from attending-but without success. Others see the inconsistency in claiming independence from Great Britain, while advocating the return of Armenia to Turkish rule.

In the first general elections for officers of the Provincial and State Councils under the new Home Rule Government, the qualifications for voting rest on property and income rather than on education. Many illiterate voters have cast their ballots, while educated men have been excluded, or have refused to cooperate. In Rawalpindi City, for example, where 3,500 out of 50,000 men were eligible to vote, crowds at the voting booths jeered at the few who cast their ballots. In other places the voting is said to have been fairly representative.

The present year will be a critical period for India. Six million voters have been enfranchised, but many of them are out of sympathy with the government program and refuse to exercise their right to vote or hold office. The new Councils have been established and an opportunity is offered to show the ability of the people to rule. If animosities could be banished and all classes would unite to establish peace and righteousness in India there would be great reason to hope for an era of prosperity. As it is, there is much need for prayer that the people and rulers of India may have wisdom. Patience, firmness and wise leadership is required to cope with the present situation, and to teach the people of India the principles and practice of enlightened self-government.

PORTUGUESE OPPOSI'L'ION TO MISSIONS REPORTS from Angola, West Africa, and from Portuguese East Africa reveal the fact of systematic and determined opposition to Christian missionary work on the part of Portuguese authorities in those territories. In East Africa, the Mozambique Company, a commercial concern, has been granted by the Portuguese Government complete administrative control of the territory between the Sabi and the Zambesi Rivers as far west as Rhodesia. This control extends over 65,000 square miles, and includes the power of life and death over 300,000 inhabitants. At Beira, the capital, the American Board has been endeavoring to

lU21j EDITORiAL COMMENT

establish work for the natives for twenty-five years. Inhambane, a station of the Methodist Episcopal Church, is also in Portuguese territory, but outside of the Mozambique Company's control.

In the opposition of this company to the establishment of Christian missions we are carried back one hundred years to the early evidences of the British East India Company's antagonism to missions in India. The Portuguese are still retrogressive, and one of the leading officials of the company explained their attitude toward the missionaries by saying: "Ve are here as a commercial company to make profits, and we propose to make the natives work out our purpose. 'Ve shall use methods that missionaries will call slavery, and when reported will make trouble for us. ,Ve do not want missionaries of any sort, and will not have them."

Mrs. Howells of the Rusitu Mission in Rhodesia reports in the November number of the South African Pioneer that the Portuguese officials are persecuting the native Christians in their effort to stamp out the results of Christian missions. A Christian boy who was converted in Johannesburg returned to Portuguese territory and established worship among a group of native Christians in their kraal. Last year, the Portuguese, hearing of the success of the work, persuaded the leaders to go to Malata ostensibly to study Portuguese in order that they might teach school. They were, however, beaten and imprisoned for holding to their Christian faith and one of them died in prison. The Sunday morning service in the kraal was also broken up by native policemen, who took thirty of the native Christians to Malata where the commandante sent the men and four women to prison without trial. Two of them have already died in prison in Beira. When the others were finally released they were forced to drink grog and were warned not to attend worship again. Although permission was given by the governor to begin mission work in Beira, two missionaries of the American Board who went to work there suffered to such an extent that one of them died and the other was obliged to return home.

Young men who attended the Mission School were severely beaten by the police and were warned not to return. The teacher was imprisoned without trial and was condemned to work on the chain gang. Another Christian native was sentenced to seven years in prison for persisting in preaching and teaching. The latest report is that the Mozambique officials have refused to allow schools to be established, and have prohibited touring by native Christian evangelists in that territory.

In Angola, West Africa, the Portuguese traders are also using forced labor to exploit the natives and oppose Christian missionary work. While claiming to grant religious freedom, they establish schools for industrial training, but do not allow religious teaching

in them. The following are extracts from the Enabling Decree for Angola (No.5: 778): ."The c!vilization of the African races i.s a live problem given to all colonyholdmg natIOns as a pledge of theIr sovereignty and as an affirmation of their colonizing ability in the realization of their historical mission.

"By the terms of the international agreements our territories are open today freely and unconditionally to all missions without distinction of sect or nationality. . . . . From this it has resulted that all sorts of missions have entered, installed, or transferred themselves to our colonies without formality, without previous knowledge of the Portuguese authorities, teaching without known program and making their propaganda without reserve and without limits. . . . .

"The problem of colonization and civilization never was charged with the scruple which agreement and diplomatic acts have placed upon us, nor rightly should it be considered necessary to defend the prestige of our name and the rights of our sovereignty."

The decree goes on to state that there are two Portuguese Catholic mission stations in Angola, which, although subsidized by the state, have appealed to the government, as they are unable to compete with the foreign mission societies which are mostly Protestant, American and British. These Roman Catholic missions are crying out against what they call the "denationalization" caused by foreign mission activity. After some paragraphs devoted to the duty of teaching Portuguese as the European language (which has been the practice of the missions in Angola, the only organized attempt at teaching the Portuguese language to be found in the colony), the decree continues as follows: "It is necessary to put an obstacle in the way of this alarming work of denationalization. The time has come for us to arm for these battles a legion of workers interested in this patriotic labor and civilizing crusade that they shall go to the African wilderness to raise our flag and teach our language, opposing action to action and propaganda to propaganda. They shall teach our language and history, arts and trades, develop agriculture, establish infirmaries, and use other means of education and occupation."

It is stated that in the year 1911 there were in the Province of Angola 13 American missions, 11 English, 4 German and 21) French, and that recently these have been added to especially by the Prot· estants. The German missions ceased to function because of the .war and the French missions are Catholic. Recently there have been many attacks in the press both of Lisbon and of Angola directed against the Protestant missions. These articles have claimed that the missions have taught English and denationalized the natives. They never specify any missionary, mission, place, date or instance, and do not say what is meant by denationalization nor to what extent the native was nationalized before the missions began. Certain passages of the decree make official accusation against certain unspeci- fied missions_.

EDITORIAL COMMEN1'

In these days of supposed enlightenment pressure should be brought to bear on the Portuguese authorities to insure fair treatment of the natives and full religious liberty in Angola and Portuguese East Africa. The use of enforced labor produces practical slavery, and efforts to civilize the African by industrial training without Christian education cannot produce a high type of African character. A country may be exploited and a human machine may be trained to do certain work by modern methods, but nothing short of the Gospel of Christ can develop in the African the spiritual image of God and produce an intelligent, moral and benevolent human being.

A MOSLEM MISSION TO AMERICA A MOHAMMEDAN missionary, Dr. Mufti Mohammed Sadiq, has recently come to the U~ited Stat~s from India with the avowed, purpose of convertmg Amencans to Islam through the preaching of the Koran. Dr. Sadiq is a follower of the Mirza of Qadian, India, a Moslem sect that seeks to convert the world to Islam by preaching rather than by the sword, as of old.

There are already many Moslems in America, although their number is not accurately known. }j'or the most part they are immigrants from Albania, Turkey, Arabia, North Africa, Persia and North India, and have settled in Chicago and some other large cities, as well as in rural districts of Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Massachusetts and Wisconsin. Many of these Mohammedans have their places of worship and their societies, but so far as we have been able to discover there is no Mohammedan mosque in the United States.

The question has been raised by some as to whether Christian churches in America should ever be opened to preachers of non- Christian religions, on the ground that Christian missionaries in other lands appreciate similar courtesies when they are offered by Buddhists, or leaders of other faiths. If Christianity is only one of many religions that are seeking to uplift men who are groping for light, it is quite conceivable that preachers of other religions should be welcomed to Ohristian pulpits and allowed to present whatever light they may think thry have discovered. It is also conceivable that some who look up:m Christ only as an Example and Teacher of religious truth may find sufficient fellowship with Moslems, Bahaiists and those of other faiths to welcome their representatives. Recently, a Unitarian minister in England has published, under the auspices of the British and Foreign Unitarian Association, a pamphlet entitled "A Message to Mohammedans," in which the similarity between the Moslem and Unitarian creeds are pointed out. The pamphlet says in part:

"The fundamental doctrine of Mohammedanism, of course, is that God is one. The fundamental doctrine of Christianity, as commonly understood by Mohammedans, is that the Godhead consists of Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, three in one, and one in three. This triune doctrine is so objectionable to Mohammedans, and so prevailingly associated in their minds with Christianity, that they have not realized that there is a body of professing Christians, who look up to Jesus Christ as their religious leader and yet reject the doctrine of the Trinity as emphatically as do Mohammedans. Yet such is the case, and it is the object of the present writer, who is a Unitarian-a believer, i. e., in the Unipersonality of God, as taught by Jews and Mohammedans, by Jesus Himself and His Apostles-briefly to explain what Unitarian Christianity teaches in reference to God."

It is therefore not surprising, perhaps, that a Unitarian church in Detroit, Michigan, has opened its doors to Dr. Sadiq, the Moslem missionary to America. Christians, however, who believe in the deity of Jesus Christ, and the necessity of finding the way of eternal life through Him, cannot conscientiously lower their standards by permitting churches dedicated to God as revealed in Christ to be used for the presentation of false hopes and misleading doctrines. Such a compromise is disloyal to Christ, and a betrayal of a sacred trust.

'fHE MEXICAN PROBLEM TODAY N OT SO much is said today about armed intervention in :Mex- ico. True and lasting peace is not established by force of arms which only stirs up animosity. Unrest and disorder still exist in Mexico, and American life and property are not safe, but neither are they in New York City. The present Mexican government is gradually restoring order and quiet, and if confidence can be restored between the United States and Mexico there is ground to hope for friendly peace and prosperity.

According to late reports, the Government of Mexico is entering upon an unprecedented educational program. A Department of Education has been added to the Cabinet, and a budget adopted providing for an expenditure in 1921 ten times as great as in any previous year. The Secretary of Education is a man of progressive ideas, and has laid out a program of modern educational methods, including the plan to provide every common school with a well-equipped kitchen, where under-nourished children may be well fed. An effort will be made to make education as nearly universal as possible. Textbooks will be supplied as far as possible free of charge.

Special schools have been opened for workmen, including a School of Social Science, recently established by the Mexican Federation of Labor, and the program provides for four new universities conducted on a popular basis. The National University appropriation is $12,000,000 a year, as against $1,400,000 heretofore, and chairs of socialism and of cooperatives are established. A good example

EDITORIAL COMMENT 2G7

to other nations is set by providing for a large part of the increased appropriations for education by reducing the budget for the army.

President Obregon desires the Mexican Oongress to change existing land laws so that immigration will be encouraged by making it easier for foreigners to acquire land, though he opposes the granting of mining and oil concessions, where there is no intention of commencing operations at once. He plans to reform the banking system by having six or eight regional banks started with private capital, the government owning enough stock to insure control. Mexican railways which have deteriorated as a result of successive revolutions will be placed in first-class condition preparatory to their return to owners. The President declared that he is opposed to gambling, but he takes a liberal attitude toward bull fighting.

A forward step is seen in the efforts to reduce the land monopoly and consequent poverty and peonage by enacting laws that give the poorest an access to the soil on favorable terms. Owners of large tracts of land may not hold them idle, but must lease small tracts at a rental not to exceed six per cent. of the assessed value.

An American missionary writes that the first great need is a better understanding between the two nationalities; second, a better sympathy for Mexican difficulties; third, larger expectations for the future of Mexico; and lastly, better cooperation and fellowship. This American missionary concludes: "Let us establish people's institutes throughout Mexico to teach good government. Let us spread good literature broadcast, and especially let us establish in Mexico a strong evangelical Ohurch.

"The United States spent enough on guarding the border and the Pershing expedition into Mexico during the year of the Oolumbus raid to build in every town in Mexico of more than five thousand people a college, a community center, a hospital and a church and to equip them magnificently, and there would be left over a sufficient amount to endow the public school system of each of these towns with nearly seven hundred thousand dollars. When will the ways of war give place to the far more effective ways of peace 7"

RELIGIOUS OONDITIONS IN ENGLAND MANY, both in Great Britain and America, hoped that the war would have a purifying effect on national life and a stimulating influence on the churches. Some even spoke as if the trenches and camps would prove a "school of saints," instead of colleges of evil, as they too often were in fact. The returning soldiers have not quickened the religious life of the churches, but have too often spread the spirit of irreligion.

Dr. Alfred E. Garvie, of New College, London, writes in The Journal of Religion that Christians in England are disillusioned as to the effect of the war. Hate, fear and greed have been allowed to influence the peace terms, and idealism has suffered much damage. The churches too have suffered. There has been no real reformation or widespread revival. In the colleges and universities there is unrest and distaste of control. The divorce courts show an enormous increase in immorality and physicians' records show an increase in venereal diseases. Standards of modesty have been lowered among girls, and crimes of violence are more numerous. High prices, profiteering and industrial unrest have caused discontent and dishonesty. Many pulpits have been marked by the preaching of extreme theories and substitutes for the Gospel. Old evangelistic methods do not seem to be effective, and there are signs of general religious indifference. Dr. Garvie continues in effect: Many are looking for the remedy for this condition in a "social gospel" rather than in personal surrender to God. They forget that society is made up of units, and that the whole is not better than the several parts. Some think that better legislation, better housing, improved industrial conditions, higher wages and secular education will save the situation. They forget that a man's right relation to God is of first importance, and that if this is adjusted his relations to his fellowmen will be corrected. A spiritual awakening, following the war time suffering, is needed today as truly as Pentecost 'followed the Crucifixion.

TRUTH AND HALF TRUTHS I T IS natural that westerners when visiting or living in eastern lands should be most impressed by the peculiarities of those lands and peoples and should seek to interest friends at home by describing these unusual characteristics and customs. Missionaries in India naturally write of the poverty, child widows, caste, idolatry and illiteracy; missionaries in China tell of opium smoking, bound feet, ignorance of God and brigandage; missionaries in Japan describe emperor worship, immorality, materialism and the multitude of shrines. This method of arousing interest is frequently used in efforts to awaken in the home folks a response to the appeal for physical and spiritual help.

It is natural also that Orientals resent what they regard as a biased and unfair representation of their people and country. Mr. C. T. Wang, an educated Chinese, recently protested vigorously against the statement that a Chinese family in the famine area had buried a child alive, and that others had eaten children. Individual instances of this sort mayor may not be true, for human beings of

EDITORIAL COMMENT

any race may be driven to the point of savagery or of insanity by suffering and despair. But it is obviously unfair to treat isolated instances _as if they were general characteristics. One reading American newspapers today, with their descriptions of robberies, murders, strikes, corruption, intemperance, vice and lynchings might conclude that the United States is a savage and immoral nation, needing missionary teaching from Confucianists, Buddhists, Shintoists, or Moslems.

The Chinese students in America have pledged themselves to protest against the addresses of missionaries and travelers, and magazine articles that present biased and partial statements. Missionaries may be captured by bandits in China, but Chinese may also be robbed or murdered by bandits in America. Unjust criticism begets unfriendliness. Latin American students in the United States also protest against the tendency to magnify unpleasant truths while disregarding virtues to be found in their countries.

It is important that Americans who seek to enlist the interest of their fellow countrymen in people of other lands shall not alienate those of other races by injustices. The Oriental and Latin American students who return home will have large influence in shaping public opinion. The best results can be gained by seeking to understand the Chinese, Hindus, Japanese, Latin American and other races, and by leading them to understand us and to respect our intelligence and our fairness. In this way we can best be able to lead them to understand Jesus Christ and His Gospel as the secret of life, liberty and power. It is right to tell the truth and to speak it plainly and fearlessly, but it is wrong to paint a picture wholly black when there are in it both lights and shadows. Noble characteristics and commendable customs should be recognized and used as a bond of sympathy, by which we may win those whom we would point to Christ. Such recognition does not minimize the sin and weakness that exists in all men, or lessen their need of forgiveness and salvation through Jesus Christ.

THE LUTHERAN QUADRICENTENARY O N APRIL 18, 1521, Martin Luther stood before the Diet of Worms and proclaimed his faith in the doctrines that sepa- . rated him from the papacy. Today, four hundred years later, the Protestants number two hundred million people. Luther's stand was in favor of a living faith, an open Bible, a life conformed to the New Testament standards and freedom from ecclesiastical abuses. He based his Reformation on the sole authority of the Bible as the Word of God, of which the Spirit of God is the final interpreter.

His stand has llrought about the separation of Church and State; has given the Bible to the people; has led to the education of the masses; has extended the right of private judgment and religious and civil liberty.

1'he National Lutheran Oouncil in America plans a nation-wide celebration of this Quadricentenary. Beginning on Sunday, April 18th, Ohristians are asked to meet for prayer, thanksgiving, the reading of the Scriptures and meditation at four 0 'clock in the afternoon, the hour when Luther was first summoned before the Diet. Prayer is requested for unity and purity of faith, for success in all good works and for the advancement of true Ohristian liberty and good will. Sunday-schools, young people's societies and other organizations may use special programs that have been prepared. Oolleges are asked to give lectures on Luther and the Reformation ; and it is recommended that all read books on the subject. (Write to Rev. Howard E. Gold, Director of the Oelebration, 437 Fifth Avenue, New York, for further information. ) 1 ~ ~liIQ~, mnnot bo O~{!f'l11is~. > o~ ~~lp UJr.~ ;i}11}PlJ. D11~. ~o~1 ,1~U T HE LUTHERAN QUADRICENTENARY POSTER.

OF THE AMERfCAN MISSION IN RANGOON

Burma Awakened BY REV. RAYMOND P. CURRIER, RANGOON, BURMA Missionary in the Jndson College (American Baptist) , Rangoon F OR MORE than a hundred years Burma has been a stagnant backwater of the world. It has been cited as a national embodi- ment of its own imperturbable, unworldly religion. It has seemed like one of its own vast, placid, gilded Buddhas, lying with half closed and dreaming eyes, now amid the decaying ruins of a forest shrine, now amid the presumptuous clatter of mills and railways, but to both alike utterly indifferent. As a nation, it was so when Judson found it. As a province, it has ever been so in the thought of its British India rulers; whatever Bengal or the Northwest might do, Burma was always" safe." One might post here the least experienced governor, and one might intern here the most desperate rebel. Burma was as fascinating as an oil-painting,-and as impotent.

All this is history. To be sure, Burma may never startle the world as Japan did when her old self became history; but Burma has been watching Japan-and Ohina and Turkey and Egypt and the Philippines into the bargain. Almost within three years-beginning, in fact, from the day when a certain western statesman used the magic phrase" self-determination "-Burma, quite like her Ori- 271

ental contemporaries, even though less spectacularly, has bee~ reborn. Some millions of voters in the United States may have repudiated the author of the Fourteen Points, but in Burma "Wilson" is still a name to conjure with.

The new nationalism has had two storm centers. One is the same that is sweeping India. The Montagu-Chelmsford reform plans of 1917 were viewed at first with welcome and with hope. Then came in quick succession the terrible Punjab episode in April, 1919, the Mohammedan feeling that Britain had played them false in Constantinople, and the growing realization of Indian political leaders that the Reforms as finally passed would bring them to full se1£- government very slowly. A spirit of unreasonable but intense suspicion of the motives of the government, even in its most beneficent reforms, consequently flared up, and all India is to-day in the hands of the magnetic Gandhi and his "non-cooperation" movement. Noncooperation is a passive-resistance strike against the government. Officials resign, students leave government-aided schools, lawyers refuse to argue in government courts, candidates nominated under the reform scheme refuse to stand, and electorates, as a direct insult to the government and as a rejection of reforms which they regard as inadequate and insincere, elect illiterate cart-drivers and cow-keepers to the Legislative Council.

Burma, to be sure, was expressly omitted from the India Reform Bill, except in a very general way, in order that a separate bill might be drawn up suited to her remote location and her non-Indian population. This Burma bill, however, has been delayed and even permanently endangered. Meanwhile, pending a final settlement, Burma was admitted this year to the privilege of electing three men to the India Council. But the electorate which was enfranchised to vote for the Councilors was peculiarly chosen and ridiculously small. The disgust and impatience of the young, English-educated Burmans knew no bounds; they came to feel, as the Indian leaders had already felt and no doubt with a good deal of incitement from those leaders, that the whole government reform scheme was a hypocritical farce. There is hardly a missionary or other westerner in the Empire who sees any rational basis for such a conclusion, but it is not hard to see how, from their point of view, the circumstantial evidence was very strong. However that may be, the non-cooperation movement was in a fait way to sweep Burma, too, when the second storm center formed and joined with the first.

The University of Rangoon, of which Judson College (formerly Rangoon Baptist College) is now a constituent part, was declared officially existent on December first. On December 4th about five hundred students of the two colleges-Judson and the government or university college-met to decide whether or not they should" walk out" in protest against some of the main provisions of the 11ew insti-

BURMA AWAKENED

THE GREAT SHIVE DRAGON PAGODA IN RANGOON; BURMA tution. Already the Burmese population of Rangoon, though only about one-sixth of the total population, had carried out an effective boycott against the street-car company. Two weeks before, also, the boys of Cushing High School, our own "prep" school, disagreeing' with the principal over a Buddhist holiday, had" struck," received considerable petting from the Burmese population, and were still "out." No moment could have been more auspicious: a university boycott was voted at once. By four 0 'clock the next day the boy-

cotters had left, carrying with them by persuasion and an assortment of ghastly threats practically the entire student lJodies. The Oushing boys, who had been showing some signs of weakening, at once rallied to the new standard and were quickly followed by other government and mission high schools, first in Rangoon and then over the whole province, to the number of more than sixty. The more active members of the movement established themselves in a suburb of the city among the monasteries and rest-houses of the famous Shwe Dagon Pagoda, where they were fed' along with the monks by the neverfailing charity of the Buddhist public. They organized themselves very thoroughly with a Supreme Oouncil, gate-keepers, roll-calls and all the rest of the machinery which they had lived under in their colleges, but which Burmans have been traditionally accused of being incapable of carrying out. They picketed the city-schools, colleges, railway stations, street-car lines and lunch counters, with a thoroughness that within three days made Rangoon schoolless.

Of course they were not unopposed in all this. The Karens, who in the cities are all Ohristians, both in their own self-supporting schools and in those of the missions, refused flatly to have anything to do with the boycott. In the colleges, too, the Anglo-Indians, the Indians, and a small nucleus of Ohristian Burmans who felt that the movement was too Buddhistic for them, either never went out or returned in a few days. The University Senate, very new and very inexperienced, ruled that the stQdents might be given a week or two to think it over and set a "last day" for their return without penalty. Last of all, the government itself issued a statement of defense and explanations. It was indeed an admirable statement,-cool, reasonable and frank, but it was far too late. The radical Burmese papers seized upon and shredded it with malicious delight. Even before the "last day" arrived, several hundred students forestalled discipline by asking that their names be struck permanently off the rolls. When the day arrived, Judson h~d 76 per cent of its men and women back-all the Karens and Indians, and nearly all the Ohristian Burmans; but the other 24 per cent, mainly Buddhist Burmans and about 60 per cent of all the Buddhist Burmans of the old enrolment, were out to stay. Oushing High School showed a similar result: practically all the Ohristians, but only 20 per cent of the Buddhists returned, reducing the enrolment more than half. At University Oollege, where the Ohristians are much fewer, the r,eduction was about 58 per cent; and many of the government high schools must have suffered more heavily still. The fact was that the movement had far deeper roots than was at first supposed, and it had already grown beyond the power of government reasonableness to affect it.

The boycotters' original objections had been ostensibly against the higher, and consequently the harder, standards of the new university. But it soon became clear that they were not objecting to

difficulty as such. "When we asked for self-government," they began to explain quite openly, "the Viceroy answered, 'Why! you have scarcely 400 B.A. graduates in your whole province!' Now the instant that we start to get the 400, up soars the educational standard!" This attitude showed at once that it was far more than a mere student strike. Almost immediately several Burmese leaders-the editors of the radical papers, the monks, and some capable English-educated lawyers (one of whom, by the way, though an Oxford man, had" taken the yellow robe")-came out squarely behind it. Then some one suggested that, if the university would not yield, a "national college" should be formed; some one said, "VVhy not national schools, too?"; and some one else: "Why only 'if the university does not yield?' Why not a national system of education anyhow? So, in one field at least, we shall be free from British support or controU"

There, no doubt, lay the true animus of the whole movement. As one student put it when confronted by irrefutable defences of the University Act from an educational standpoint, "You may be right. But we know the government policy is wrong in general and so we assume that the university must be wrong." The emphasis at once shifted from the boycott itself to national education, and some went so far as to pledge themselves never in any case to return to the university, right or wrong, and (which was a still more blindly courageous vow in a country where the best employment is governmental and all of any consequence is British) never to enter any form of government service. These devotees offered their services free for the remainder of the school year to teach school boys or junior collegians younger than themselves. They listed and numbered all the monasteries. They overworked the newspapers, published hand-bills and called public meetings. They made the national college and its feeding system seem, within a few days, very near and real to the average "man-of-the-street" Buddhist Burman.

Then came the financial question. Money-raising, it must be admitted, commenced well and a "national" bank was formed,- though the Burmans have never before in their history successfully put through any cooperative enterprise of any magnitUde. At the moment of writing (January 10th), it is said with good authority that the equivalent of about $560,000 has been pledged. To be sure, there's many a slip 'twixt the the pledge and the payment in Burma as well as in America, but even the promise is an enormous one in a country where $12 a month is a fair living wage.

Finally, the Central Council of Young Men's Buddhist Associations (now, however, calling themselves "Burmese Associations" to catch the Christian and other non-Buddhist support) voted, first, that no loyal Burmese student must ever again return to any governmentaided institution, and, second, that all Y. M. B. A. schools already extant and receiving such aid must refuse it and become forthwith

"national." Such a decree from such a source is sealed with re- ligious devotion; it carries something of a papal authority and for the Buddhist community at least, it has given the new movement a sanctity and finality which will endure unless and until it is ruined by financial collapse.

Such a collapse, of course, is possible and even probable. Yet no one with democratic sympathies and the daring principles of the Christ in his heart can fail to be immensely stirred by the whole thing.

Mistaken and extravagant as it is in some of its phases, it yet breathes the air of mountain tops and calls to the imagination brilliant pictures of an uncertain but certainly wonderful future. Some of its best motives and ideals are Christian, and some of its sincerest and most ardent members have been Christian boys, who, going into it far more conscientiously than the leaders themselves, have returned to college only because they feel the futility of the present methods.

Their hearts are still devoted to the" New Burma" with a spirit that one will not grudge to call Christlike.

Missionaries and local Christians alike will need from now on the guidance of the Master in a new and special way. In the practical emergencies ahead, what attitude will be truly His 1 Shall mission schools struggle to compete with national ones for their old numbers and prestige, or not ~ If so, shall they do it on the old bases, or turn to technical and commercial channels which the Burmans will now increasingly seek as they compete with British capital ~ .

Shall missionaries take a safe and conservative attitude because they believe, as they all do, that the British administration has been a great benefit to the country, or shall they even by their silence en- courage that criticism and non-cooperation which often has a justifi- able case, but which leads to nobody knows what kind of a turbulent future' Shall the Christian Karen com~unity, so strong and self-con- scious, and the small group of Christian Burmese, throw themselves into a nationalism which may at any moment become violently anti- Ohristian, or shall they safeguard themselves by a pro-British atti- tude that will split them utterly from their (as it will seem) more patriotic countrymenT These are but a few of the exceedingly perplexing questions that will now stare Burma in the face as they already do India. They will make being a Ohristian an infinitely more difficult business than ever before. Will they also make it, as in other lands and other times, a more virile and attractive business?

THE; WILLIAM MILLE;R BUILDING OF THE; PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL, MIRA

Religious Work in Miraj Hospital, India BY W, J. WANLESS, M.D., F.A.C.S.

Superintendent of the Presbyterian Mission Hospital, Miraj, India A PROSPECTIVE medical missionary recently interrogated the writer as follows: "Can a medical missionary in charge of an up-to-date mission hospital find time for evangelistic work among his patients ~" 'rhe answer was" He should make time. " .N0 medical mission is a mission, no matter how medical it may be, that does not in some way convey the message of which the medical work is the fruit. The inspiration of medical missions is the Gospel and its Author must be made known, if the medical mission as such is to exist and thrive as a mission agency.

The well-organized medical missionary of today represents a large development in equipment over that of thirty or forty years ago; and with the necessary growth of the material side of the work the problem of its associated evangelism is in danger of inadequate concern on the part of the medical missionary. Time was when the medical missionary was mainly a preacher. He carried about his few boxes of pills, powders and ointments which he used to attract patients, more for the sake of getting hearers than the curing of disease. It cannot be said that this was Jesus' way. He really cured 277

disease. His healing was no sham. It was as real as was His Gospel which would not have been acceptable if His healing had not been genuine.

Men to-day do not possess Ohrist's power of miraculous healing, but God has given us in modern medicine and surgery an instrument for the cure of disease. Shall we use it so that it will be really efficacious in the cure of disease, or only as a means to obtain a hearing without regard to medical efficiency~ Shall we be content with any kind of medical service provided it furnishes an opportunity to proclaim the Gospel7 We cannot do this and be consistent either as doctors or Ohristians. If we call ourselves physicians and are not real doctors we would better discard the title of medical missionary. To be consistent we must exert our best effort as physicians. Our problem is then, how shall we, while making our medical institutions efficient in the healing of disease, maintain the evangelism of which the medical work is the herald f The first requisite, if we would maintain evangelism in medical service, is the possession of a missionary spirit on the part of the missionary. Apart from this the evangelistic side of our work is likely to have a very secondary place.

The second requisite is that the medical missionary himself either direct, or take an active part in the evangelistic work of hospital or dispensary. Manifestly all men cannot do this with equal ability and success; the will to do, however, is the main thing. If busy surgeons like Dr. Howard A. Kelly, of Baltimore, can find time for religious l'tudy and service, medical missionaries on the foreign field should be able to take part in the religious work of our hospitals. We owe it to ourselves to do so. It is not good to be so absorbed and occupied with the physical welfare of our patients as to forget that they have souls also that need contact with the Great Physician. In some way we must help our patients and their friends to know Him. It may be by our contact, conduct, sympathy, the manifestation of His love in service, the proper word in season, personal talks, or in public services, but we must not leave it in doubt as to whose we are and whom we serve. It need not take much time but the effort must be constant and insistent, whatever form it takes. We have no business to be medical missionaries if we are not making the effort, and we will dwindle into mere scientists if we do not.

ORGANIZATION.-Personally I am persuaded that in order to secure the maximum spiritual results, there should be connected with every sizable mission hospital, an evangelist who can give practically his whole time to work among the patients and their friends and relatives, mainly as a personal worker. In a modern mission hospital, which is usually understaffed, the doctors obviously must give the chief part of their time to the physical side of the work. This, however, should not exclude a very definite part in the evangelistic effort

RELIGIOUS WORK IN MIRA] HOSPITAL, INDIA

on the part of the doctor. But this is not in itself sufficient. A larger usc must be made of the opportunities which the hospital creates to make known Christ.

In addition to the personal work in which every Christian connected with a hospital should participate, there should be : 1. Regular evangelistic services conducted in th e dispensary and the hospital wards by members of the staff and their evangelistic associates. In Miraj our entire staff of Indian medical and associate workers are divided into groups including the medical missionaries who are responsible for the daily services in the diffe reut wards THE TEACHERS AND STUDm',TS OF THF, MIRA] MEDICAI, SCHOOL at sunset and in the Hospital Sunday-school when teaching goes on simultaneously in all the wards.

2. The use in the wards of the magic lantern. 3. Special services of song and" Bhajans. " 4. Sale and distribution of Christian literature. 5. A system of "Follow up" in the villages from which patients come and the invitation of former patients and their friends in their homes. This requires an extra staff or special persons on the staff of evangelists. Missionaries on tour should make use of this opportunity by getting the names of previous patients from villages to ·which visits are contemplated. 6. Oorrespondence with former patients when possible. Most

important of all is the creation, development and maintenance of the Christian spirit of love and unselfish service among all the Christian medical workers. Without this all preaching and teaching will be largely fruitless and yet it is perhaps the most difficult of our problems. Among raw Christian helpers and oftentimes among those advanced in the Christian life this spirit of persistent selfless devotion is difficult to realize. It often has to be created and is generally developed and always maintained by prayer, forbearance and charitable cooperation in service.

Our general experience in India is that while a majority of our patients are indifferent to the Gospel message many are interested in it; few resent Christian teaching in either the dispensary 01' hospital and almost without exception the services when interspersed with hymns and suitable music are welcome and appreciated. No one is compelled to ,attend a service; and while some will absent themselves many who are not patients will voluntarily attend, especially when services are varied and attractive. After all, the most efficient evangelism by the medical missionary himself will be that which he does as a personal worker by quiet talks, prayer with patients and by putting in their hands appropriate literature.

Many conversions could be enumerated as a direct result of Christian. teaching in our hospitals, and many more as an indirect result. Medical missions are a part of the Gospel message and its blessings are widespread.

A CLASS Of' INDIAN NURSES I:"J THE PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL. MlRAJ

A HINDU TEMPLE IN SAN FRANCISCO, CAUFORNIA-THE ONLY ONE

THE UNITED STATES Hinduism in the United States BY CLIFFORD M, DRURY, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA nA.:rv~ON~ t~e various or~ental reli?ions that a:-e active~y enga~ed III ImsslOnary work m the Umted States IS the Hmdu faIth. Like Buddhism, it is making an attempt to gain a following, not only among the Orientals in America, but also among the Occidentals.

San Francisco is its largest missionary center, and it has there two distinct organizations with a total following of about three hundred.

The only Hindu temple in the United States is on the corner of Filbert and ,Vebster streets, and with its distinctive Indian architecture occupies a conspicuous place in the midst of a quiet neighborhood of apartment houses. The main body of believers hold their meetings in this temple, while the second group meet each week in one of the lodge halls of the city. .

The two other Hindu centers in the United States are New York and Boston, but no statistics have been gathered as to the number of Hindus in those cities. Judging by the following in San Francisco, it appears that the main body of believers is composed, not of Orientals, but of adult white people.

The writer visited the Hindu service held in the San Francisco temple on the morning of Christmas day, 1920. The advertised ser- 281

mon topic was: "The Awakening of the Christ-Spirit in Man." The auditorium was permeated with an odor of strong incense, and Christmas decorations gave the room a festive appearance. Several large pictures of Hindu priests hung on the walls, among them one bearing the title" Jesus Christ in the Yuca Posture." This was the picture of a man, clad in a white robe, sitting on the ground with his legs crossed. His feet were bare, and about his head was a nimbus. Two doves, one red and the other white, hovered above him.

The audience was composed of about sixty people of whom only two appeared to be of East Indian blood. During the opening exercises, a woman sang a solo of the birth of the Christ-child, a song that might have been sung in any evangelical church. A red-robed priest, a native of India, gave a forty minute address in which these thoughts were expressed: "We come to celebrate the birth of one of the great messengers of light. All the marvelous visions of the great prophets which had been handed down through the ag'es had not been properly understood. At the time of Christ there was a widespread materialistic tendency of living. Then came the Great One to bring a true state of religion. When men forget God, when they think only of materialistic things, then these God-men come to show that the Divine truth is more important, and to show that man is not a materialistic being. Here is one common ground on which we all can stand for the brother· hood of man. We are not here to discuss the historicity of Christ, or when the Scriptures were written, but we want to see an ideal. Life without an ideal is worthless. Let us have our life inspired by this great spiritual ideal. There are two ideas of Christ. One, that He is the incarnation of God; the other, He is the outcome of evolutiop.- a perfect man. The first has the thought of descending; the second of ascending. The first is metaphysical and beyond our reach; the second is open to all. The Divine light is the Christ-spirit. Confucius, Mohammed and Buddha were other great religious spirits like Christ. These God-men come so that we can cast our lives in their mold. The Greek word 'Xristos' means 'illumination' ! When we say that the Christ-child is born, we mean that the Christspirit is born. Let the little self within us be swallowed up in unselfishness. Be blessed and become a blessing to others. "

The priest spoke with feeling. At times he dealt with philosophical platitudes. His reasoning was not always logical, and his exegesis of some words as "Xristos" was incorrect. In a personal interview, one of the officers of the organization stressed the point that this religion includes all beliefs. "We are broad," he said, "we take in everything." In reply to the question concerning sin, he answered: "You soon outgrow that idea. There is no sin, and therefore no need for any atonement." In the rear of the hall was a table containing books and pamphlets on about fifty subjects relating to

HINDUISM IN THE UNITED STATES

this religion. Evidently they found a strong means of propaganda in the printed page.

This particular type of Hinduism is known as the Vedanta Society. Chronologically it goes back to India into the dim obscurities of the centuries preceding Christ. Centuries later came Gautama Buddha who was contemporary with some of the great religious leaders in Israel as Isaiah and Jeremiah, and with Confucius of China. In spite of the Buddhist religion, and the J ainistid heresy, the Vedic religion lived and various branch systems of philosophies developed including that promulgated by Cankara, a commentator on the Veda, who lived about 800 A. D. This system is built around the conception of Brahma as the Absolute One.

The present day philosophy of the Vedanta as expressed by one of their leaders is that this Absolute One is not an extra-cosmic being, but is nameless and formless, the source of everything. Their philosophy is absolute Pantheism and they teach that every human soul is immortal and Divine, without beginning or end. They believe in reincarnation with a possibility of attaining Divine perfection, and becoming equal to such great teachers as Buddha and Christ. Since each soul is a child of Immortal Bliss, there is no room for the doctrine of sin, which to them is nothing but selfishness and can be overcome by a realization of our Divine nature. The moment we realize that, then we become divine. They teach that Jesus Christ is not different from us in kind, but only in degree of realization, and they quote Max Miiller as saying: "The Vedanta philosophy has room for almost every religion, nay, it includes them alL"

The ideas and philosophies of the recent New Thought movement have been taken largely from the teachings of the Vedanta Society, but these Vedantists take pains to differentiate themselves from the Theosophists, Spiritualists and Christian Scientists. Their highest goal is to make manifest the Divine nature within, and they teach that this is to be done by controlling nature, external and internal, by work, worship, psychic control, or by philosophy. Doctrines, dogmas, temples, rituals and religious literature are to them matters of secondary importance, for they claim that to manifest the Divine within is the sum of their religion. How fully they live up to this ideal is another matter.

"Now that the world has found itself as one body it can no longer be a matter of indifference to one part of the body what is taking place in any other part of the body. A cancerous or leprous growth in Eastern Europe, or in the Far East, or in Latin America, will sooner or later profoundly affect America.' '-John R. Mott.

Saalako—A Hopi Indian

The Story of the Conversion of the Mother of Two Famous Snake Chiefs BY COE HAYNE, NEW YORK T USAYAN boasts of no prouder village than Walpi, in the land of the famous Hopi Indians of Arizona. The terraced roofs surmount the highest pinnacle of First Mesa, lofty and severe in outline, and form a landmark well worth a long journey to see.

In this ancient stronghold of the Hopi Indians, the Snake clan is the oldest and most influential. Priestess of this order, by birthright, is Saalako. Around her cluster the most ancient traditions of Hopiland. The present Snake chief of Walpi is her son, Qoyahwiyma ; before him, Kopeli, her older son, was chief until his death; and preceding· him, Saalako's husband, Supela, was Snake chief four years. Her connection with the leading Snake family gave her an intimate knowledge of the secrets of the order. It was her duty to brew the "medicine" which the Snake priests drank after their hideous ceremonies. She led the women in their infamous and demoralizing Mamzrauti dances. The honor and respect paid to her by the Walpi people, because of her wisdom and her rank, cannot be measured with words. In the aristocracy of Hopiland she occupied first place.

A few years ago Saalako voluntarily forfeited her exalted position in Walpi, for she has become a Ohristian. Oonsequently there are heathen mothers in Tusayan who tell their children that old Saalako is a witch.

The story of the redemption of this remarkable Hopi woman, whose fame is equal to that of Nampeyo, the pottery maker of Tewa, forms one of those golden chapters in the history of missions which reveal the power of Ohristianity to liberate humankind from the most enslaving traditions and the darkest superstitions. As she told her history to the writer one autumn afternoon, it runs as follows: Saalako's age is unknown, even to herself, for the Hopi have no calendars. Her father was Poshumi, the devil chief of Walpi, who was noted as a grower of Indian corn. His ceremonial duties had to do with making known the wishes of the god of the underworld. Saalako's mother was Nakwyumsi, a maker of pottery. But more powerful among the Walpians than either Poshumi or Nakwyumsi was K wuiyahwisni, the old Snake priestess, Saalako's aunt.

As a child Saalako lived through many Navajo, Apache and Ute raids and can relate many stories of the attacks of hostile tribes upon the mesa villages. Here is one of these adventures: 284 WALPI-ANCIENT HOPI PUEBLO IN ARIZONA One day the Walpians were gathered at a feast called Ko-chetska-vi when suddenly the watchers cried out that a band of horsemen was drawing near. The Hopi warriors descended to the plains and after a prolonged battle with their Apache foes won a decisive victory, for only three Apaches returned to their own territory. Nearly every Hopi went home with a scalp and as they neared their village the women came out to meet the warriors at the foot of the mesa and escorted them to the plaza near the Dance Rock. A pow-wow was held and after the warriors had circled the Dance Rock for a time they went into the kiva or underground ceremonial chamber. For twenty. days and nights the warriors who had been successful in taking the scalps of their enemies were given the freedom of the pueblo-a freedom which meant such license that the happy relations of many husbands and wives were rudely broken up. The law of the village forbade remonstrance by the injured husbands as their wives were taken from them. The warriors became the great men of the village and were appointed to the coveted positions of watchers of the trails during the night.

One early girlhood romance of Saalako ended tragically. A lad whom she loved was suddenly taken from her forever by the dreaded disease of the desert-smaIl-pox. Later a friend came to her with the love message of Supela (Spider-Running-Up-Web). She looked kindly upon his suit and as an evidence of her regard carried meal and piki (corn wafers) to his hom€ and thereby expressed her wil-

lingness to work a month for Supela and all of his relatives according to Hopi custom. The grass tray of meal which she brought was made of white corn and was received by Supela's mother. All that day she labored at the mealing stones grinding white corn. She was not a robust girl and the prolonged exertion drew so heavily upon her physical reserve that when night came she was barely able to crawl to her bed upon the floor. No one spoke to her during that first day nor was she noticed the next day while she continued her task at the grinding stones. As dawn approached, on the morning of the third day, she attempted to rise as usual but her aching muscles at first refused to obey her will. The supreme test of her loyalty to the man of her choice was at hand. She must get up and work until sundown grinding at the mealing stones, using on this day the dark blue corn. She crawled to her place in the corner with the grave misgiving that she could not keep going until night. Timidly she asked a member of the family for permission to go home for a little while.

"Not until we finish the wedding garments will you go home. " There could be no other answer. Had Saalako given up she would have been turned loose upon the streets, an outcast. In the eyes of all Hopi, she would have been no better than a coyote. Her parents would not have received her kindly and she would have been obliged to beg for her food from house to house. So Saalako continued to grind all day, looking forward to sundown when her friends would come with presents of trays of meal which, according to custom, would be returned on the following day heaped high with ears of corn. At last the girl's probation was at an end, and at dawn of the fourth day the wedding ceremonies began. Relatives of both families assembled at Supela's home to take part in the traditional headwashing of the bride and groom, each guest bringing a small quantity of water for the rinsing. Supela knelt before a bowl prepared by his future mother-in-law and Saalako knelt before a bowl prepared by her future mother-inlaw. Their heads were washed while their young friends merrily tried to interrupt the ceremony from time to time by holding their own heads over the bowls. After the rinsing, the young bridal couple went out alone to the east side of the mesa and cast meal toward the rising sun. Then they returned to Supela's home as husband and wife. But Saalako's period of testing had scarcely begun. While Supela's male relatives, in the kivas, spun the blanket and the sash from the cotton which Supela had provided for the adornment of his bride, Saalako was obliged to remain an occupant of his home, doing all the menial tasks for the large company. Supela's mother, his aunts and his sisters brought water in jars from the springs at the foot of the mesa but that was all. Many times homesickness and fatigue drove the young bride almost to desperation, and she was tempted to

SAALAKO- A HOPI INDIAN ~RIESTESS

HOPI INDIANS IN THEIR PUEBLO HOME flee to her home, but she remembered the admonitions of her parents and of her aunt, the priestess: "Until your wedding garments are made you must not leave your husband's house alone; if you do you will bear an evil name forever and not only disgrace yourself but your family as welL"

Uncomplainingly Saalako performed her daily tasks, creeping to her bed at night with little hope of sleeping on account of the violent cramps that seized her as soon as her lame muscles began to relax. She heeded the warnings of her people to eat sparingly of food lest the spinning be cursed, and as a result steadily grew weaker. Once her mother brought her meal. The grinding, grinding continued dur- ing days that it seemed would never end.

When at last Saalako received her bridal trousseau, she went to her own home with Supela her husband. Henceforth the house they were to live in would be hers and their children would trace their descent from her rather than from their father. In this territory where woman's rights centuries ago became ancient history, she alone would have the right of separation, turning the man away from her door in the event of domestic troubles.

The years passed. One dark night Nuwawistiwa, the old chief of the Snake clan, feeble of sight and easily bewildered, fell over the . edge of the high wall of the mesa and broke his neck. This sudden termination of the old chief's career was believed to cast a curse upon that office and as a result no man among the deceased's relatives

would accept the tiponi, the badge of highest authority in the Snake clan.

During these years the power of Saalako had grown. She now shrewdly contrived to gain greater prestige and power for her family by annexing the tiponi of the Snake clan, which, had she been a man, would have come to her by birthright. As neither of her two sons was old enough to assume the important rOle of Snake chief she resorted to the irregular procedure of prevailing upon her husband, Supela, not of the Snake priesthood, to accept the Snake tiponi as chief of the order. At first he did not wish to accept an honor which Saalako's own brothers and uncles had spurned. But Saalako was persistent.

"If you will take the tiponi for four years, then Kopeli will be old enough, " she urged. " And if you take it I will go down into the kiva with you and stay there four years, helping you in all the ceremonies."

Supela finally yielded to Saalako's importunities, and with his wife's help directed the Snake rituals four years. Kopeli, her older son, succeeded Supela at the end of the four-year term of office. He was a young man of handsome features and noble bearing. Dr. Walter Hough presents an intimate description of him in "Mesa Folk of Hopiland." Dr. J. Walter Fewkes referred to him as "an excellent man, whose heart was good and whose speech waf; straight. . . . It was through Kopeli's influence that the Snake dance at Walpi became the largest and most striking of these weird ceremonies in the Hopi pueblos. " Kopeli met a sudden and tragic end also, dying of smallpox. Then the tiponi fell to the lot of Q6yahwiyma, Saalako's second son, the present chief of the Snake Dance. He is known among the whites as "Harry."

Saalako was always with her husband when engaged in the Snake ceremonies, except on occasions when the presence of women was not permitted, and thus became familiar with the Snake ritual and assisted her husband in teaching it to her sons. "The mystery which hangs around her," said Dr. Hough, author of 'Mesa Folk in Hopiland,' is born of her connection with the fearful rites of the Snake cult and her store of knowledge which has been passed down from time immemorial by 'living words from lips long dust.' This connection carried her to the distant pueblos to mix the 'medicine' (used as an emetic after the Snake dance), no one in the whole province being better versed in herbs and spells than she. . . . . A remarkable Hopi woman whose history is worthy of fuller presentation."

Wheu the general massacre of the Awatobians by the Walpians was in progress the life of one of Saalako's maternal ancestors, a woman chief, was spared on condition that she teach the women of Walpi the Mamzrauti or Woman's Dance. From her famous aunt, Kwuiyahwisni, Saalako learned the weird songs and rituals couched

SAALAKO-A HOPI INDIAN PRIESTESS

in the "ancient" language and when SupeJa became Snake chief Saalako became chieftess of the Woman's Dance.

The Mamzrauti is reported to have been a particularly obscene dance even for a Hopi ceremony. It was given in the plaza, where all of the Walpian public religious ceremonies occur, and for some days previous the novices repaired to the kiva to be drilled by Saalako. Late each night they remained there engaging in the "dark ways" which Saalako has never ceased to deplore since she came under the Christian influence that proved stronger than her passion for power and the adulation of her people.

Years ago when the white women, with the happy faces and kind voices, first came to her village and spoke of the "Jesus Road," she A CHRISTIAN VIl,l,AGE; ]<~ S'l'ABLlSHE;D BY HOPI INDIANS The more enlightened and progressive Hopi Indians have built their homes at the bottom of the mesas, above which are the villages of Tewa, Sichumovi and the ancient Walpi pueblo.

looked upon them with disdain. Then a resentment, fanned by jealousy, burned within her when she learned that some of the men and women of her own village and of other pueblos were turning from "the old Hopi way" and were giving heed to the words of the missionaries. Gradually, however, as Saalako observed the kindness of the missionaries, as they sought to interpret the Master's love in their daily life, all the bitter antagonism was driven out of her heart.

The Hopi Christians, who had started on the "Jesus road" found that they could not continue to live in the old pueblos, or Indian

villages on the mesa. Persecution made life unbearable and the immoral conditions that surrounded them became intolerable for Christians, and especially for their children. Gradually, therefore, as they left the" old way" for the new and better mode of living the Indians formed a new village at the base of the mesa, and there built better homes under more wholesome_ surroundings. The improved conditions from a purely physical point of view were clearly revealed during the prevalence of Spanish influenza a few years ago. In some of the mesa villages the deaths were so numerous that the Indian medicine men refused to enter a home for fear of their own lives. The United States Indian agent was untiring in his determination to stop the ravages of the epidemic, and for a time increased his hospital corps by enlisting the help of the missionaries as field nurses. In the airy, clean homes of the Christians at the foot of the mesa not one death occurred. During the long period of the "flu" the Christian Indians could not meet in their chapels, but each family conducted church services at home. They dressed, as if for public worship, taught the children what Bible lessons they could remember and made their weekly offerings which were brought to the church later when the quarantine was lifted.

Saalako observed the great difference in the heathen mesa pueblos and the Christian villages, and began to pay visits to the missionaries and the people in the Christian community. One afternoon when she was passing through the little settlement of enlightened Hopi at the foot of the First Mesa,* she observed the bright, happy faces of the members of the new order. She noted the contentment in the homes where husbands were faithful to wives and wives to husbands, and where the children were not compelled to witness the immoralities that attend many of the pagan festivities. It happened that some of the preparatory ceremonies of the Mamzrauti or Woman's Dance were scheduled for that very night, and Saalako determined to break away from heathendom. Climbing the tortuous trail to Walpi, the" Place of the Gap," she descended the ladder that led to the bottom of the kiva where the women of the Mamzrauti and the novices were assembled. The women were in scanty attire ready for the public dance, their bare limbs striped with the black smut from the growing corn.

"This is the last of the Mamzrauti," declared the aged priestess. "I am through with the dark things that destroy the happiness of our wives and husbands and break up our homes. To-day I go from the kiva free."

The suddenness of Saalako's announcement produced a profound sensation. She was true to her word and the Mamzrauti is now a dead order in Walpi. Even Qoyahwiyma, the chief of the ~ late Theodore Roosevelt (Outlook, Oct. 18, 1913)', said with respect to these Hopi Christians: "l came across a congregation of some thirty members, and from information given me I ani convinced that these converts stood in all ways ahead of their heathen brethren."

HOPI CHRISTIANS AT KEAM'S CANON BAPTIST MISSION (Saalako is in the middle for eground, with a shawl on her sh oulders) Snake clan, cannot persuade his mother to give up its secrets so that others may sing the songs and conduct the dances.

Saalako is "free." White friends have given her a little stone house at tbe foot of the mesa. She is an active member of the mission church, and in many homes where Christian guidance is lacking, she is doing what she can to bring about better moral conditions.

One day a young woman worker, not long a resident at the Baptist mission at First Mesa, was engaged in domestic duties out of doors when she heard a sound which she could not define or locate. At first she gauged its direction as coming from a deep gully paralleling the road that ran past the church and mission house. She pictured to herself some one groaning in pain at the bottom of the arroyo. l'hen she noticed that one of the chapel doors was open and stepping inside saw Saalako's bowed form near the front of the church. The aged woman was alone and praying. Later the young missionary learned that Saalako does not fail to spend some portion of each day in the little Hopi chapel in earnest prayer in behalf of her people who are still waiting for the light.

Prayer is our noblest ministry, We can do things by prayer that we cannot do in any other way. Vve have other ministries, to be sure. vVc have the ministry of money. It is a noble ministry. There is the ministry of words, and that is a great ministry. There is also the mini stry of deeds, and that is a noble mini stry. There is the ministry of influence. Even influence can be consecrated to God, and should be. In all of these thing.; we are laying hold upon the human element in bringing things to pass, but in prayer we are laying hold of God Himself and bringing things to pass by the power of the Almighty. May God give us some conception of the nobility of prayerl-James 1. Vance.

to Create Missionary Interest*

Cultivation of the Church at Home in the Interest of Foreign Missions-From the Viewpoint of a Secretary of a ForwaTd Movement BY REV. S. S. HOUGH, D.D., DAYTON, OHIO Secretary of the United Enlistment Movement of the United Brethren in Christ T HE enlarged programs projected by the various denomina- tions cannot be completed, and the interest sustained and enlarged, unless there be an unparalleled missionary informational and inspirational campaign in the local churches.

No matter what method we use in cultivating the home church, whether through a combined Forward Movement or by having each Board proceed separately, or in groups, we must get into the hearts and lives of our church members, three things: FIRST. We must give them the vision of the living Ohrist and His program for the Ohurch. Some years ago I asked different groups of leaders, "How many of your church members believe and act upon the belief that Christ is now alive and is directing His work of evangelizing the world ~"

Some answered 25 per cent, others 10 per cent, or 5 per cent. This gives some idea of the vast uncultivated field in the home churches which must claim our most serious attention. Multitudes of professing Christians have not yet discovered the living, conquering Ohrist who said, "Behold I am alive forevermore." "All authority hath been given unto me in heaven and on earth. Goye." "Ye shall be my witnesses both in Jerusalem and in all J udma and in Samaria, and unto the uttermost parts of the earth." Missions did not originate with men. Ohrist Himself is the authority for the program to evangelize the world. He is now alive and is directing this greatest enterprise in the world. The rank and file of the church members must be led into partnership with the living Christ, appropriate His resources and carry out, as loyal servants, His program. SECOND. We must lead the members of the Ohurch to see the condition and needs of the Christless millions now without the Gospel. Half the world's population cannot read or write, and have no medical aid. Their claims must be brought, in a graphic, sympathetic, living way, to the members of our churches and Sunday-schools. They must be led to see the multitudes in Africa, China and in the islands of the sea as Christ Himself sees them, torn and prostrate in – *An address delivered at the Foreign Missions Conference, Garden City, N. Y. 292 the hands of an enemy. The Christian leaders must discover a more comprehensive, thorough-going method of informing and enlisting the whole church membership-this for the sake of the Church itself as well as to reach every creature with the Gospel in this generation.

THIRD. The members of our churches must be shown the wonderful possibilities of an informed, obedient church and be led to practice the stewardship of the Gospel. The obligation to give the Gospel to others is as universal as the privilege of receiving it. The great commission is in reality the great permission.

Church leaders must be led to see that the surest way to develop a local church is to enlist its members to do their utmost to carry out Christ's program. Dr. Samuel Miller, who did so much to put the missionary atmosphere into Princeton University, well said: "If I were asked how a church would be most likely to rise and grow, I would say with confidence, let it begin in good earnest to pray and exert itself for the sending of the Gospel to the benighted and perishing, and the very effort will tend to enlarge and build it up. " '

Pastors everywhere should be led to discover what Dr. Andrew Fnller found out many years ago: "There was a period of my ministry," says Doctor Fuller, "marked by the most systematic effort to comfort my serious people; but the more I tried to comfort them, the more they complained of doubts and darkness. I knew not what to do. At this time it pleased God to direct my attention to the claims of the perishing heathen. I felt that we had been living for ourselves and not caring for their souls. I spoke as I felt. My serious people wondered and wept. They began to talk about a mission. We met and prayed for the heathen; met to consider what could be done among ourselves for them; met and did what we could; and whilst all of this was going on, the lamentations ceased, and instead of having to study how to comfort my flock, I was myself comforted by them. They were drawn out of themselves; that was the real secret. God blessed them while they tried to be a blessing."

The church at Antioch illustrates the possibilities of an informed, obedient church. They fasted and prayed and the Holy Ghost separated Paul and Barnabas, their leading workers, for missionary tasks. After the remarkable experiences of their first missionary journey, they returned to their home church and rehearsed "all things that God had done with them, and how that He had opened a p-oor of faith unto the Gentiles. " This Antioch church became one of the greatest churches of the centuries. When Chrysostom was its pastor three hundped years after the days of Paul and Barnabas, Antioch had a population of two hundred thousand, and one-half of its entire population were members of the Church. Thus the church at Antioch was a mighty evangelistic force in its own city, while it sent its strongest men to be missionaries to distant parts.

I repeat, we must reach the entire membership of our churches with the threefold vision: The vision of the living Christ and His program for the Church; the vision of the Christless millions without the Gospel; and the vision of the privilege and responsibility of every Christian to give the Gospel to every creature.

WHAT THE FORWARD MOVEMENTS FACED An extraordinary situation confronted the Protestant churches of the United States and Canada following the war. In many communions there was a loss in the membership. On the other hand the high cost of everything, including the high rate of exchange in foreign lands, caused the leaders of each of thirty denominations to combine in a Forward Movement to mobilize the activity of their churches to meet the new situation. It was felt that the Boards could not act separately in the cultivation of the local churches, and do the work adequately; that it would require the combined force of all the promoting agencies to give information and motion necessary to lead the whole church membership into proper action.

The study of the condition of the churches themselves revealed the fact that only about one-third of the Protestant churc4 members have been actively enlisted in the extension of the cause of Christ, with the churches facing a great dearth in ministers and missionaries; and but a small fraction of the members are practicing the stewardship of property. The entire contributions for all purposes, of many denominations, aggregate less than 35 per cent of the tithe of the income of their members.

Surveys were made of the victories and needs of America and of the foreign fields and comprehensive programs were formulated, calling for an advance of from 100 per cent to 500 per cent in gifts for the strengthening and extension of the work. Some of these programs were for one year, others for two, four and five years.

The big problem was how to reach the church members with the necessary information. In some communions an extraordinary force of trained leaders conducted the campaign of information and inspiration, and the canvass for funds. In others it was felt that the time had come when the regular ecclesiasticalleader.s should be given the vision and responsibility for enlisting the whole church membership, and only enough expert help employed to assist these in their task. This plan was carried out in many communions with marked success.

By this method the responsibility and privilege for the great advance was largely distributed from congested official centers to the responsible ecclesiastical leaders who entered into the work with splendid enthusiasm. Testimonies have come from hundreds of churches which show that pastors and laymen have discovered new capacities for aggressive leadership.

HOW TO CREATE MISSIONARY INTEREST

Hitherto, the church Boards in many communions cultivated the individual churches almost exclusively by direct correspondence from their central office. The multiplicity of appeals led the pastors to put many of their communications into the waste-basket. When the Boards began to function more and more through the avpointed ecclesiasticalleaders, such as Superintendents of Conferences or states, or Secretaries of Synods and Presbyteries, or other local officers, the pastors recognized that the cause was an essential part of religious education and benevolence, and that they should take the work seriously. By this method Forward Movements and Board Secretaries cooperate to furnish the facts, largely built the program, and give such assistance as is needed to enable the ecclesiastical leaders to function most effectively.

THE PLAN IN ONE COMMUNION The Church of the United Brethren in Christ has a communicant membership of 350,000. Hitherto the various departments acted independently in the cultivation of the local churches and were given the privilege of receiving special public offerings. The result was that much of the time and attention of the pastors had to be given to specific appeals for money. By such a method there could not be promoted a. thorough-going, satisfactory educational campaign, and there was more or less rivalry between some of the Boards.

Facing the great challenge of the imperative need for a much larger advance, the Secretaries of the various Boar.ds and other church leaders came together, made a survey of the whole situation, and arranged a program whereby the entire church might be vitalized, informed and enlisted. They formed the United Enlistment Movement to coordinate the work of the Boards and to make a united appeal to the churches.

In carrying forward this program we began with the pastors. The Bishops and Conference Superintendents requested the Forward Movement to prepare an institute program for the regular annual conference sessions, setting forth the aims and purpose of the Movement. The ministers and a layman from each charge were present. What the pastors were to present to their people the next twelve months was first given to them at this annual meeting. Informational, inspirational and prophetic features, with methods of procedure, functioned much more largely at this Conference than hitherto, and less attention was given to routine.

The entire program of information, organization and enlistment for the months ahead was thus given to the pastors, and arrangements were made to discuss detailed phases of the work in district meetings where many laymen could meet with ministers of groups of churches. Two hundred and seventeen of these district institutes were held within two months after annual conference sessions.

In local churches the .Movement was launched by placing emphasis first on Bible study and prayer. Forty thousand early enrolled as intercessors to pray for their pastor, their church and the Movement world-wide.

The next call was for life service-at the family altars, in churches, in colleges, and in Christian Endeavor Conventions. The response was wonderful. During the past twenty months fifteen hundred of our choicest young men and women have answered the call for the ministry and missionary work. Our colleges have now enrolled a much larger proportion of students who are preparing for definite Christian work than in any other period in their history.

A campaign on the stewardship of property and the stewardship of the Gospel followed. In family groups and in public congregations both laymen and ministers advocated the importance of becoming tithing stewards and personal soul-winners. Many have agreed to practice this twofold stewardship.

Then came the great campaign on missions, Christian education and other causes. Practically every family was visited personally by interested laymen. The facts about the work which has been done on the mission fields and the urgent needs for enlargement, were given in illustrated booklets and a copy was placed in every home. The program of needs was discussed and explained in the Sunday schools, young people's societies and in the public congregations.

Many who had been led to become tithing stewards were seeking a place of best investment, and were ready for the every-membercanvass to meet the combined needs. Subscriptions taken during the ten days' campaign increased the giving of the denomination two hundred and fifty per cent.

The budget was so arranged that the money needed for the current work of missions and other causes was made a preferred claim. Individuals, churches and Sunday schools were given the privilege of designating their gifts for specific objects.

Following the general campaign we have been cultivating men and women of large means to give to special objects in addition to what they gave to meet the quota of their local church. It is our conviction that we owe it to these persons, as well as to the cause to interest them in the great work of missions and Christian education that they may have proper objects for investment and become vital partners with Christ in extending His cause, and thus be kept from covetousness and worldliness. Some of our largest gifts have been received since the general financial campaign.

We have given much thought to the cultivation of the Sunday schools. A monthly missionary exercise to be given in the classes or before the school as a whole, has been prepared and is in opera- tion in many schools. Some pastors and Sunday School Superin- tendents whose churches have raised in full their quota for the united

work, do not recognize the importance of missionary instruction in the Snnday school, since they have already reached their financial goal.

These do not fully appreciate the fact that missionary instruction is an essential part of religious education. They claim that the time for the study of the regular lessons is too short to introduce supplemental missionary instruction. It is our conviction that we should appeal to the International Lesson Committee to provide suitable missionary lessons from year to year which can be written up and illustrated by missionary experts. Can we hope to create a missionary atmosphere, and develop the missionary spirit in our Sunday schools without having regular missionary lessons ~ Much of the Bible instruction leaves the children under the impression that Christ was living and active only in the days of the Apostles. We mnst give them the conception that the Christ of the Bible is still alive and is doing wonders in our own days. This cannot be done by an occasional supplemental missionary lesson. Three years ago a series of missionary lessons was thus written up in our Sunday school literature and the results have been most satisfactory.

We are seeking to instruct and enlist the new church member before he unites with the church or immediately thereafter. A booklet has been prepared for this purpose which sets forth the program now before the Church. During the ten days following Easter much attention will be given to instructing those who recently united with the Church. Surely as much effort should be given in guiding the new converts in the first steps of the Christian life as is given to Hecure their conversation and to lead them to unite with the Church.

Where the financial program covers a period of two or more years the members of the church and Sunday school must be given, from time to time, the latest facts on missions, and especially must they be kept informed about what is being accomplished with the money they have contributed. We have arranged for periods when special emphasis shall be given to the various causes. In addition to publicity through the church papers, illustrated booklets on the various causes are placed in the homes during these periods.

The big problem, where there is a budget, is to keep the attention of the people on the causes they are supporting rather than on the budget. This can be accomplished only by giving well-illustrated, inspiring facts on the work as it goes forward. The greatest asset of the Forward Movements is not the amount of money subscribed and paid, splendid as that has been, but is chiefly found in the large number of life work recruits; the thousands enlisted to pray and to practice stewardship, and to do personal work. The benefit is found in the world-vision given, and in the training that pastors and lay-leaders have received in enlisting the whole Church to accomplish its entire work.

The problem of properly cultivatiug the home church for missions is one of outstanding importance. It cannot be solved in a year or two with high pressure methods. Under the extreme urgency for immediate large sums of money to meet the crisis upon the various Boards, the Forward Movements and Board Secretaries have not had time to create the necessary literature, and to put in full operation a campaign of missionary education adequate to train a generation of men and women possessed with the missionary passion, and committed to the task of giving the Gospel to every creature.

A good beginning has been made but it is only a beginning. Adjustments to secure increased efficiency and power will be made as the test of experience shows the need.

The chief factors in giving the information and direction are the pastor and the religious papers. These reach the membership with messages every week. We cannot hope to arouse the churches and set them to work in earnest by confining the missionary information to tracts or exclusively missionary periodicals which can reach but a fraction of the church membership. The regular church papers must become more and more evangelistic and missionary.

The pastor, without doubt, is the pivotal man. The problem is how to give him the vision and training necessary to lead the forces of his church into action. Surely every pastor should read and digest the facts about his own denominational missionary enterprise and everyone of them should read regularly THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. Arrangements should be made speedily whereby the pastors of all communions will receive this interesting, valuable and necessary fuel for missionary fires.

In every communion there should be held strong, practical, comprehensive, summer Missionary Training Conferences with a view to developing expert ministerial and lay leaders.

Men like Livingstone pressed forward into the "regions beyond," and thereby opened up vast continents for the Gospel messengers. Has not the time arrived when more and more heroic spirits must plunge into the "regions beyond" in our local churches-regions of indifference, of prejudice, of unconsecrated lives and property,-that these may be opened up to the sway of the Christ for the evangelization of the world1 It will require as much wisdom, courage, tact, heroism and statesmanlike qualities to do this intensive work in the home churches as is required for successful work in any foreign field. No other group of workers can contribute as much to change the home church from a field into a force, as those who are responsible for sending out missionaries.

The call is from above, "Go ye"; the call is from without, "Come over and help us"; and the call is from within, "I am debtor." The Forward Movements are cooperating with the various Boards to answer this threefold call.

Students and the W

An Accownt of the Glasgow Convention of the British Student Christian Movement, ,January 4-9, 1921 BY PROF. KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE, GRANVILLE, OHIO Professor of History at Denison University O N JANUARY fourth to ninth inclusive, of this year, there was held a convention of The British Student Christian Movement at Glasgow, which had ad its object the considera- tion of "international and missionary questions." It was for Great Britain what last year's Des Moines Convention of the Student Volunteer Movement was to the United States and Canada.

The gathering was remarkable in many ways. In the first place, it was the only one of the kind held in the British Isles since the outbreak of the Great War, and so gave an excellent opportunity for observing both the post bellum mind of British Christian stu- dents, and the strength of the British Christian Student Movement in its relation to foreign missions.

In the second place it was noteworthy for the numbers in attendance. While there were not the seven thousand that last year thronged the great hall at Des Moines, there were present fully twenty-five hundred delegates and leaders, which, in proportion to the student bodies of the two countries, was probably a larger representation than could have been accommodated at the American gathering. It is doubtful whether as large or as representative a gathering of students has ever met in Great Britain for any purpose, either secular or religious.

In the third place the Conference was remarkable for the quality of its leadership and speakers. The presiding officers, both young, and one still a student at Cambridge, were worthy representatives of the best type of university man. Viscount Grey, lately British ambassador to the United States, opened the Conference with an important and thoughtful address. The aged and saintly Bishop of Winchester sat through most of the sessions, as eagerly interested a listener as the youngest undergraduate. The Bishop of Peterborough and the Bishop-elect of Manchester, the latter a son of the late Archbishop Temple, had important parts on the program. Dr. Cairns was present, and the Rev. W. R. Maltby, of the English Wesleyan Church, gave the concluding address. Among the well-known missionary speakers were Dr. Harold Balme, of the English Baptist Missionary Society, the Rev. Nelson Bitton, lately of China, the Rev. Frank Lenwood, of the London Missionary Society, the Rev. Donald Fraser, of Livingstonia, the Rev. A. G. Fraser, of Ceylon, and Mr. J. H. Oldham, Editor of the International Review of Missions.

299

Tn the fourth place the Conference was remarkable for the large number Qf foreign students in attendance. Many of them are studying in Great Britain, coming from India and other lands, while large delegations came from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Holland and Switzerland. Austria, Italy, Poland, France and several other nations were also represented by those who came especially for the Convention. Of the American delegations six made the trip from the United States especially for the Conference, others coming from British universities or from their work on the Continent. All foreign delegates met twice a day to eat together and a splendid fellowship resulted. On the :final Sunday an hour of the Convention's time was devoted to hearing from the United States' delegation of the work of their Student Volunteer Movement and College Young Men and Young Women's Christian Associations and of America's position on international questions.

The outstanding characteristic of the Conference was its attitude toward the scope and purpose of Christian missions. For the past seventy or eighty years the missionary appeal to students has been made chiefly on the ground that peoples from Christian nations must take the Gospel to those of non-Christian nations, in order that as many as possible may be given the saving knowledge of Christ. The chief purpose of the missionary has been to build up a Christian community and he has generally left to it the responsibility for the molding of its surroundings. While the missionary frequently tried to change the environment of his converts and occasionally endeavored to assist non-Christian government officials in the difficult task of reorganizing their countries, the emphasis generally has been upon the message to the individual. Remarkable results have been achieved under this method, including the growth of the Church in non-Christian lands and great transformations both in individual lives and in communities.

In contrast with this emphasis upon the meaning of the Gospel for the individual, the Glasgow Conference represented what seems to be the dominant attitude of the Christian student mind of today. It was held that the events of recent years and especially the Great War have made clear that there are no Christian nations, although there are peoples whose life has in some of its phases been tinctured by Christian principles. Th.:l so-called Christian peoples have no right to look with contempt upon their non-Christian neighbors, since there are striking weaknesses in the former and there is much which the latter have to teach the former. It was held that missionary appeals must emphasize less the apologetic which pillories the evils of non-Christian lands as without parallel in Christendom. The evils and weaknesses in Christendom must be acknowledged and we must seek to remedy these at the same time that we are extending a helping hand to our neighbors.

BRITISH STUDENTS AND THE WORLD

The current Christian student mind as expressed at Glasgow believes that we must bend our energies toward Christianizing relations between races, nations and classes the world over, and that the evangelizing of the individual is a means toward this end. It believes that the elimination of racial contempt, of the iniquities in our existing economic and social order, and of the anti-Christian features of our international system must become one of the chief motives if not the chief motive of our Christian missionary endeavor.

This attitude of the present day Christian college and university student may be in part unbalanced, but it is a natural outgrowth of the Great War, of the industrial struggles of city life and of the growing nationalism of the past few years. It must certainly be reckoned with by all Christian leaders, and it was the dominant note of the Glasgow Conference. Viscount Grey struck it in the opening address of the gathering and it was stressed again and again by most of the speakers. One of the chief topics followed day by day in a series of addresses was expressed in the query: "Is Christendom Fit for a World Task~" Another topic discussed on several succeeding days was "The Contacts of the West with Asia and Africa." When countries like China, India and Africa were presented, as they were with force and vigor, it was their social lleeds and their nation-wide movements which were emphasized. Much was heard of Britain's relations with the Indian nationalist movement and it was insisted that the Church must be more alive to the importance of this latter than it has yet been. Over all was the shadow of the Great War and the restlessness and uncertainties of our age. As one well-known older Scottish Christian thinker put it in private conference, the world is under conviction of sin, and it seems that our choice is to be between the evangelization or the damnation of the world in this generation.

The gathering did not, however, resolve itself into a discussion of international and social questions with no reference to the faith of the individual. At one of the sectional conferences a series of addresses was given to crowded houses by Canon Temple, the Bishop-elect of Manchester, on the general topic: " The Universality of Christ." One of the most important periods of each morning was set aside for joint intercession. One evening was given to an address on the Cross and its meaning, and on the closing night the eloquent Mr. Maltby stated in vivid, appealing modern language the age-old gospel of the transformation which, if He is but allowed, God through Christ can work in any man, to give victory over weakness, and power to achieve tasks which are beyond unaided human strength.

As contrasted with the pessimism and the selfish individualism and nationalism which arE so characteristic of much of the modern world, the Conference, while facing honestly the seriousness of the task of trying to make both the Occident and the Orient sufficiently

Christian to save the world from early self-destruction, believed that under God the task is not an impossible one, and that it can be achieved by faith and self-sacrifice, and by these only.

The attitude of serious Christian university and college stu- dents both in America and Europe may be open to criticism, but it must be reckoned with. These students believe that they are truly interpreting the will of God for this generation, and thousands are already venturing their lives on the truth of this assumption. And after all their moUve is not as greatly divorced from the dominant missionary purpose of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as might at first seem apparent. The essence of the older view was the supreme value of the individual soul in the sight of God, the universality of God's love and sacrifice in Christ, and the sure confidence in the power of God to transform every life, no matter how degraded, and to insure for it eternal life. It is this same conviction of the value of the individual, of the universality of Christ, and of the power of God, which is at the root of the emphasis of the present day Christian students; only this newer emphasis says that to save as many individuals as possible we must strive to make Christian international, economic and social relationships, and that the individual can best find his life as he loses it in trying to make this vision real. This in any event was the message of the Glasgow Conference, and to many of us, while we recognize some of its faults and its dangers, this attitude of the Christian element in our present student generation is a ground for hope for the future of the missionary enterprise and of the world.

"There are five outlets of power-through our life, our lips, our service, our money, our prayer. And by all odds the greatest of these is the outlet through prayer . . . The greatest thing anyone can do for God and for man is to pray.' '-So D.

Gordon. "From the day of Pentecost, there has been not one great spiritual awakening, in any land, which has not begun in a union of prayer, if only two or three. No such outward, upward movement has continued after such prayer meetings have declined; and it is in exact proportion to the maintenance of such joint and believing supplication and intercession that the word of the Lord in any locality has had free course and been glorified. "-Dr.

A. T. Pierson. "It is much more difficult to pray for missions than to give to them. We can only really pray for missions if we habitually lead a life of prayer; and a life of prayer can only be led if we have entered into a life of communion with God."-Prof. War- neck of Halle.

BIBLE TEACHERS TRAINING SCHOOL, NEW

Showing the Main Building and the Houses used as an Annex A School for Missionaries What the Bible Teachers Training School Has Done and Is Doing for the Missionary Cause BY ROBERT M. KURTZ, NEW YORK Editor of The Biblical Review T HE IDEA of a Bible Teachers Training School had its in- ception on the foreign mission field. It is partly for this reason that it has maintained from the beginning such a close relationship to both home and foreign missions. After a wide experience in the work of Christian education, the founder, Dr. Wilbert ,V. White, was urged to go to India, some twenty years ago, where his brother, J. Campbell White, was then an organizer of student work, under the Young Men's Christian Association. He responded to this call and spent about two years teaching among the students of India.

n was during this experience that he came to realize the pro- found and world-wide need for Christian leaders who knew their Bibles in a deep sense. Multitudes of pastors and missionaries have felt that the weak point in their preparation has been the lack of a 303

comprehensive, thorough study of the Bible. This has been shown by both their testimony and their eagerness for further study under competent teachers.

Another evidence of the need for leaders trained in direct knowledge of the Bible was that many of the religious leaders of our day were in more or less doubt about the authority of the Scriptures and the deity of our Lord Jesus Christ. Dr. White believed that the cure of such doubt was a reverent and thorough study of the Scriptures themselves, that God speaks to the soul through this medium in the most direct and persuasive fashion. The wisdom of this view is found in the fact that no one has ever been known to lose his faith as a result of being at the Bible School; there is overwhelming testimony of many whose faith has been reestablished or vastly strengthened.

As Dr. White reflected upon the situation it became more and more evident that the difficulty was that both theological and other schools which trai;ned men for responsible positions in Christian work assumed th~"student's personal knowledge of the Bible, and so were chiefly concerned with the externals of Biblical knowledge, its history, authorship and literature, and with reijtted studies. As a result many students were sent out untrained and inefficient at the very point where their work demanded the highest knowledge and skill.

In addition to its failure to develop in students a thorough knowledge of the Bible or sound methods of study, this kind of religious education in the long run often produced a type of scholarship that made for the breakdown or serious undermining of faith in the great fundamentals of Christianity. It tended to encourage religious and Biblical speculation to such an extent that a distinctively destructive element arose in theological thinking.

Under this new and deep impression of the vast need of the Bible on the part of the world, and hence of teachers who were masters of the Scriptures, Dr. White conceived the idea of a school to be established upon both the great essentials of Christianity and the soundest principles of education, and so able to meet the demand of the times for teachers sound in the faith and well grounded in the best pedagogical methods. It should be founded squarely upon the great essentials of Christian faith, such as the Trinity, the Deity of Christ, His Virgin Birth, His Death and Resurrection, the Atonement, and the Inspiration of the Scriptures; it should not, however, take a partisan position on points about which devout Christians differ; it should be interdenominational and international.

So much for its religious character. As an educational institution it should be marked by the highest principles of pedagogy. A student should be trained in first-hand, direct, and intensive study of the Bible in his mother tongue; he should be taught to take a

A SCHOOL FOR MISSIONARIES

PRACTICAL MISSIONARY LABORATORY WORK Graduate of BibJe 'reachers Training Schoo] working in New York fresh view of the facts without restriction or limitation of theory or doctrine, avoiding, however, the superficial notion that nothing is to be learned from the past; he should be taught to avoid the danger of putting anything into the Scriptures, but rather he should learn to draw from them all that they contain for earnest souls; he should be taught to aim at the mastery of the material exactly as found in the Bible, in the light of the central idea of each book, and of the self-declared purpose of the entire Bible; and he should be taught to give as vigorous and as enthusiastic effort to the study of the Scriptures as men give to the arts and sciences.

The result of such thinking began to take form in the founding of the Bible Teachers College at Montclair, New Jersey, a great adventure of faith. The new institution was formally opened in January, 1901, twenty years ago. The next year it removed to New York, changing its name to the Bible Teachers Training School, to comply with a state law governing the use of the word college.

The school is divided into the Department of Theology, with a three years course; the Department of Religious Education, with a three years course; the Department of Missions, with a two years course; and the Department of Postgraduate and Special Study.

The average amount of time devoted to the English Bible by

the theological seminaries of the United States is under 15 per cent of the total. The minimum required by the Bible School is 39 per cent of the total. All of the other subjects studied in the best theological seminaries are included in the curriculum of this school, but all are made to center in what the Bible itself teaches. The school stands for a Bible-centered curriculum and a Christ-centered Bible.

The institution trains all types of well-educated leaders as well as ministers, and both men and women. The enrolment for the last year was 322 in the regular sessions; 105 in the summer session. Half of all the students now attending the school are college graduates, and nearly all of the others have had college training. Its Department of Theology is registered by the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York, and is qualified to brive Bachelor's, Master's and Doctor's degrees in Sacred Theology. The school now ranks among the first five theological and Bible schools in America in point of size.

The Extension Department organized in 1910 makes available for persons in New York and the surrounding region, unable to attend its classes, an opportunity for direct, systematic study of the Bible under the direction of members of the faculty. During the present year thus far some 27 classes have been organized, in varions communities, with an enrolment of over one thousand.

Though the School is very definitely related to the work of the foreign field, the needs of home missions are not neglected. Its Italian department, under a special director, is devoted to the training of Italian preachers and other leaders for work among their own nationals. This is now the largest training center for this purpose in America. It has sent out 70 ordained ministers, 49 lay missionaries and workers, and 27 women workers, who compose about two-thirds of the trained Italian workers in this country. No less than 50 churches among the Italian people in America have been organized by Italians trained in this School.

One feature of the work is the insistence that all students engage in practical religious service in and about New York. This has resulted in valuable experience among people of the many races, nations and religious faiths in the great American metropolis. After such preparation students are going out into all parts of America to labor, in all sorts of places and under all kinds of circumstances where the people need the Gospel. There is also an increasing demand for graduates as teachers of the Bible in schools and colleges, and as leaders in the religious work of Christian Associations.

The most recent development is the newly organized Pastors' Department, which provides, for men in the pastorate, a course of one month's intensive study at the school. These periods of study,

which recur with a new class each month, opened in January and coincide approximately with the seven calendar months ending with July. Several hundred pastors from all parts of the country have signified their desire to come.

From the outset the problems of the foreign work have had a large place in its program and curriculum. It stands second among American institutions of. all kinds, including theological seminaries, in the respective number of students entering foreign missionary service year by year under various church boards. During its his- tory of twenty years it has sent out 127 new missionaries trained here, and in addition to these there have been in its classes 552 for- eign missionaries on furlough. This represents more than one- twentieth of all the American foreign missionaries in the world.

In 1909, the Bible Study Oommittee of the Missionary Associa- tion of Ohina extended an invitation to Dr. White to conduct a series of Bible conferences, and as a result of his visit to the Far East in 1910,1911 and 1912 the school has been used as a model by the Nan- king School of Theology, the Foochow Union Theological School, and to some extent the Arthur T. Pierson Memorial School of Seoul.

Korea. .

The Bible Teachers Training School has been a pioneer in giv- ing missionary candidates a scientific knowledge of phonetics before going to their fields, and also by teaching them better methods of attacking a foreign language, the School has rendered a service of the greatest value to the whole missionary cause. Rev. T. F. Oum- mings, D.D., for many years a missionary in India, has been teaching phonetics at the Bible School since 1908, and has had a total of about 2,000 new missionaries in his classes. Many of these have been enabled through this study to save at least one full year out of the first three on their fields, by the speed and accuracy with which they acquire their new languages. Most of them have been lifted to new levels of efficiency for their entire missionary careers. Dr, Oummings has been sent by the school to the Orient to assist in the improvement of language schools for missionaries in Japan, Ohina and India. He was also sent through Africa last year to assist in the mastery by missionaries of some of the most difficult features of African languages. Probably no other man has made so great a contribution to the entire missionary cause through the application of scientific method to the mastery of the various native languages.

The School completed its first twenty years October 29, 1920, and the experiences of these two decades have only served to em- phasize the soundness of the principles upon which it has been reared. Its founders and builders are of the conviction that the emphasis upon direct, masterful study of the Scriptures for which the institution stands is an emphasis indispensable to the highest efficiency of the Ohristian Ohurch.

A Signboard for Suicides in Japan*

N EAR the attractive town of Suma, just within the city limits of Kobe, Japan, where the road leading down to the beach crosses the railway, is a large signboard that reads: "STOP A MOMENT!

"If you feel that there are reasons why you must take your life, please go to see Mrs. Nobu J 0 at the Woman's Welfare Association, just below the Kami-tsutsui terminus of the Kobe car line."

The sign is a significant indication of the prevalence of suicide in Japan, and the method adopted by a Christian woman to combat the custom and save would-be suicides for this life and the life to come.

There are various causes for this sorrowful tendency tf) selfdestruction in Japan. The pessimistic Buddhist philosophy, the high honor in which death by "hara-kiri" was esteemed, the lack of any special stigma attaching to suicide, are some of the reasons. Sensational newspaper accounts influence morbid minds through the power of suggestion, and lead to many suicides as well as other crimes. When Fujimura Misao some years ago jumped over the edge of the beautiful Kegon waterfall in Nikko, his example was followed by nearly four hundred students in the next decade, and it became necessary to set a police guard at the falls. The man who threw himself into the smoking crater of Asama was followed by scores of people who came from all parts of the country to end their lives in the same way.

For some years Suma has been a favorite spot for intended suicides. In summer men and women drown themselves in the bay, and in cold weather throw themselves in front of a train. A large proportion of the Suma suicides are women, and many of them well educated and well-to-do.

Mrs. Nobu Jo of the Kobe Woman's Welfare Association wished to see if a little friendly sympathy and advice would save some of these girls, but the problem was how to get hold of them before it was too late. Last May she determined to try the plan of setting up a signboard at the point where the road down to the beach crosses the railroad, in order to catch the eye of the intended suicides, summer or winter. An electric light above the sign made it as conspicuous by night as by day.

The response to Mrs. J 0 's suggestion has been remarkable. Several residents of Suma have sent contributions for her work, and various newspapers in Kobe, Osaka and Tokyo published rather sensational accounts of the signboard. Numbers of girls who have gone to Suma to take their lives have seen this sign, and have called on Mrs. J 0 for help and advice. Many others read of the sign in the newspapers and wrote to her, telling their sorrows and their longing for sympathy.

Among the chief causes for these contemplated suicides, as told by the women to Mrs. Jo, are friction with mothers-in-law or husbands, marriages arranged by parents against the girl's will, runaway marriages and illicit relations, loss of property and poverty, infection from diseased husbands, bad health and melancholia. In nine months' time since the signboard was set up, two hundred and thirty persons were helped. Of these, thirty have come to Mr;;. J 0 's home for a longer or shorter period, and the others either call~d on her or were helped by letters.

One case was that of a girl of sixteen who came to Kobe from the country, thinking she could live an easy, happy life by becoming the concubine of a man of fiftyfour years. Her foster mother, hearing of this, came to Kobe and managed to get seventy yen from the man as the price of her daughter. The girl soon became very unhappy, and after eating nothing for three days, she ran away, cut off her hair as an offering to the fox god, Inari Sarna, and then went to Suma to end her life. On the way she saw the sign and went to Mrs. Jo for help, and has since THE SIGN BOARD FOR SUICIDES been restored to her home.

A woman of twenty-three years, of good family and educated in one of the best schools in Japan, is the wife of a school teacher who is a heavy drinker, and treated his wife so cruelly that she went to Suma to take her life. There the signboard caught her attention, and she went to live in Mrs. Jo's home.

An official of profligate habits, who often got money under false pretenses from his wife's relatives, finally became ill and lost his position. The wife, heart-broken and discouraged, took her eightyear-old child to Suma, resolved that they would die together. See-

ing the signboard, she went to Mrs. J 0 's home, found a new grip on life and was helped to find a position where she could work and support her child.

Mrs. J 0 has been especially impressed by her recent experiences with the fact that great numbers of mothers and teachers have failed utterly in their task of building up character in their girls. Noone has won their confidence or guessed their heartaches until they have reached the verge of desperation and have run away to commit suicide. Pastors, missionaries, teachers and especially mothers of girls should pay heed to these facts.

MRS. NOBU JO CONDUCTING MORNING PRAYERS AT THE KOBE WOMEN'S WELFARE ASSOCIATION, KOBE, JAPAN "There are four classes of people in Tokyo," says Dr. C. J . L. Bates, of the Canadian Methodist Church-Hthe officials, the students, the indus- trial workers and the merchant folk. The fourth class, comprising a million people, shopkeepers and tradesmen, are the true citizens of Tokyo. The other three classes are largely transitory. They come from all parts of Japan, and in the case of the official and student classes they scatter largely to all parts of Japan. But these business families have lived in Tokyo for generations. They are very conservative, hard to move, deeply superstitious and faithful to Buddhism and Shinto. Of every 100 people reached by the evangelistic effort of the missionaries in Tokyo 47 are stu- dents, 15 merchants, 10.5 are professional men, 8.5 industrial workers, and the rest officials, business men, mothers, farmers and servants. When one remembers, however, that the industrial workers and the business men and their families make up probably 2,000,000 of the people it means that these classes are hardly touched.

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MRS. E. C. CRONK, EDITOR, 437 FIFTH AVENUE, NEw YORK THE "CUP OF TEA" IN THE MISSIONARY PROGRAM T HERE was once a charming little old lady whose universal cure- all was, "Won't you have a cup of tea?" If she met a friend who had been neglecting her she invited the friend in for tea, and over the cups they kept their friendship in repair. She approached the unapproachable with a cup of tea. She counseled and advised over her teatable. She interested and enlisted with "lemon or cream?" and straightened out tangles with "one lump or two ?"

"That woman's cup of tea," said a friend, "is one of the greatest factors in our town. It has made friends of enemies. It has made resident citizens of strangers. It has promoted every good cause often more effectively than our great mass meetings."

What's in a cup of tea? Much more than the chemical analysis discloses. That is why people go so far for a cup of tea. A chance to talk things over, instead of always being "talked at." An opportunity for old friends to renew friendship and for strangers to become friends. Men and women and children organize clubs because they are social beings. The missionary program which recognizes the social craving and need claims interest and strength that might otherwise be directed into less profitable channels. The "Cup of Tea" may not be literal tea in a literal cup, but the missionary society or organization which does not take into consideration the social side of life is missing opportunity.

TWO TYPES OF SOCIABILITY we ate it and went home. I went "Last month I went to two socials," back to my lonely little hall bed room said the young man. and I hadn't met a soul except the usher who consigned me to my chair "Both alike?" inquired the young when I arrived. lady. "The other was in a near-by town "I should say not," responded the where I happened to be with a friend young man. "At the first one the over night. members of the congregation were "'You must go with me to a little ushered to their seats in the Sunday school auditorium. The pastor said social affair at the church to-night,'

he hoped everybody would get ac·· he said. quainted. Then he announced that " 'Not I,' was my chilling response, the first thing on the program was a I1lmical selection. After the applause 'I've been !' for that had died away he announced " 'Not to ours I" said he with such a reading, then another musical selection, then a talk. Some man talked on easy confidence, as he gently led me the value of sociability in a church and along, that I actually went. urged more of it. By that time it was ten o'clock. Some of the women "He led my somewhat reluctant feet passed around ice cream and cake and down into the basement of the church. A look of gloom must have settled on my countenance, for he laughed as he clapped me on the shoulder heartily.

311

and said, 'Cheer up, old man, it isn't as hostess tapped a bell and said, 'The bad as that!' sandwiches, please, April,' at which the Aprilites hurried off to serve "When we opened the door a half sandwiches. So the entire supper dozen boys and girls laid hold upon us service was assigned. Some of us with glad hands. They didn't pass us who had been living in hall bed rooms, down any stiff, murmuring receiving and hadn't been inside of a kitchen line. They received us right on the for years had the 'home, sweet home' spot, and I was soon in the midst of a feeling that we had been longing for lively group before some blazing logs. as we concocted and sliced and spread those refreshments. "Then the hostess for the evening answered that all those who were born "When the supper was over, the in January were to go to a spot in the groups were given fifteen minutes to room which they must locate as Janu- evolve a poem or limerick on their ary, and so with the rest of the birth-month. Each person had a pencil months. There was a lively search and paper. A vote was taken by each for birth-month headquarters. group as to the best poem or limerick of greatest merit, on their month. "In one corner hung a number of Then the roll of months was called new calendars, a sheet of Good Reso- and the authors of blue-ribbon poems lutions, and various other decorations read their compositions. that made January recognizable. "After we had laughed and cheered "February was white with imitation the more or less rhythmic efforts prosnow and ice, as were also December duced, the leader calmly announced and January. Abraham Lincoln and that the divisions thus made would George Washington divided the honors stand for a year, and that for the next with the red hearts of Valentine Day. twelve months the programs and ac- tivities of the Young People's Mis- "From a chandelier in the center of sionary Society would be conducted the room hung an umbrella. Under- accordingly, the January group being neath were both ove-rshoes and sun- responsible for the January meeting shades, so the April crowd soon gath- and so on. ered there. "Now I have never been much in- HJune had roses and orange blos- terested in missions, but the way that woman outlined the calls of the varisoms. ous months, and suggested the various "July, of course, was easily recog- things to be done,-welI, the first thing I knew, I was wishing I lived in that nizable by its patriotic decorations. . town. "November had its turkey and "We broke up into groups again, sheaves of ingathered grain. and-well, I've promised to go back to "December had its tiny Christmas that town for the meeting in my month. December is such a good one tree and bells. that we've planned all sorts of things. "By the time the months were cor- We are to make and announce the plans and enlist all the others in carryrectly assembled everyone was well ing them out, of course. We're going introduced, but to make doubly sure to have a Christmas tree for the Setof it, the first person who located his tlement House, and a shower of month had to welcome the next, then Christmas cards for some Old People's the two welcomed the next, and so on Homes. We get the names and aduntil there was an aU-pervading at- dresses and send cards to each one in mosphere of fellowship. the Home. The girls are getting up a Christmas Bell and Candle Program, "When the last one was in place the and the green rope that rings the red hostess announced that it was the cook's evening off, and the guests would have to prepare the supper. January was to cut the bread, February to make one kind of sandwiches, and March another, Jtme was to make cocoa and so on. When the meal was prepared and all were seated the

BltST

bell is to be made up of one dollar bills AN EVENING WITH GREAT for India, and we are going to sing Christmas carols in front of houses." MISSIONARIES The young man paused and the Decorate the room with pictures of young lady thought of the marvel of missionaries and scenes from mission missionary plans so compelling in their lands. interest as to take a young man from the next town back for the December Before the meeting prepare slips on meeting. which are written well-known sayings of noted missionaries, with name of A ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY- the missionary and country to which he went. NINE WOMAN-POWER Have at least one quotation for SOCIETY everyone present. Cut each quotation in two parts. Scatter the cut slips on The 1921 program of the Women's a long table about which the guests Missionary Society of the Second may gather. Give ten to fifteen min- Lutheran Church of Altoona, Pa., con- utes for matching slips. Let the first tains the names of one hundred and person who can put together two slips thirty-nine women. Seven are the of- declared correct stand at the head ficers, two are missionaries supported of line to be formed. Others line up in the field, thirty-six are leaders of as they match quotations. When all meetings, and the remaining eighty- are in line the quotations are read in four are hostesses. The meetings are order. held at the church, and each month seven women are responsible for the Then the guests are seated. The meeting socially. They receive mem- leader calls the name of some misbers and give that indefinable, irre- sionary. Some one who has been presistible hostess effect to the entire viously prepared, tells an incident meeting. At the close of the program from his life, or about his field of they serve light refreshments which work. As many stories as are desired they have furnished and prepared. may be so assigned. In some in- stances the story of a Scripture pas- Instead of an overburdened presi- sage in connection with the experident bearing on her shoulders the en- ence of some missionary, or the singtire responsibility of a meeting, this ing of a hymn with an interesting society divides it among all of its mem- story may be given. bers. The three leaders sit in front with the officers, each being responsi- By a careful planning of program, ble for leading some feature of the the leader may call names of missionmeeting. For a woman to be one of aries so that the stories and hymns seven to prepare and serve "a cup of will be well interspersed. Keep the tea" one month a year is not a heavy meeting informal and have as many burden, yet the result is that one hun- as possible take part. dred and thirty-nine women definitely assume some responsibility; an oppor- THE COSMOPOLITAN "CUP tunity is afforded for the members of the Society to discuss their work, and OF TEA" new members are welcomed in a way that really introduces them to the So- During the Christmas holidays ciety and to the women of the church. many students from foreign lands were entertained in American homes. Each month the missionary society Mr. and Mrs. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., furnishes not only an excellent devo- entertained fifty students from fourtional and educational program, but teen Spanish-American countries. The for those who can stay longer than an evening was most informal and homehour, a social opportunity which like. Mr. Rockefeller spoke of the members new and old count a privi- privilege which the people of the lege. United States recognized in having students from the Central and South

American republics in their colleges thinks haw different his attitude might and universities, and said that he and be had he had the privilege in America Mrs. Rockefeller were most grateful of entering naturally into the life of a for the opportunity of having such a Christian home, where, without being large and representative group in their preached to, he had yet been made to home at Christmas time. He empha- feel that there was there an "Unseen sized the message of the first Christ- Presence" directing and inspiring the mas with its "Peace on Earth, Good lives of the members of that family." Will Toward Men" as the only basis on which right relations between the THE INTERNATIONAL CLUB FOR nations of the world can be established. WOMEN STUDENTS After supper, many students representing different countries, responded "Where can I find Miss Mendento Mr. Rockefeller's welcome, express- hall? ing appreciation of the friendship of the people of the United States which The question is being asked by many had been manifested in many ways, people who knew Miss Susan Menone of the most practical and far denhall as Editor of Everyland, and reaching in their estimation being the as one of the Secretaries of the Miswork of the Rockefeller Foundation sionary Education Movement. The in eradicating yellow fever and intro- answer is, "take the Fifth Avenue and ducing improved methods of health Riverside 'bus in New York and get and sanitation. off at 121st Street, walk east to No. 509; take elevator to eighth floor." Several hundred students from other lands were thus entertained in the If you should arrive at room 806 or homes of prominent residents of New 808 about five o'clock, you would see a York, as part of the activities of the very international group of students Intercollegiate Cosmopolitan C I u b around the tea table in the studio on which has a membership of 508 stu- the roof, and there you would find dents from 64 countries. Miss Mendenhall in charge of the In- ternational Club for Women Stu- The influence of the bringing to- dents. By common consent the term gether of young people who are des- "foreign students" has been abantined to be the leaders in the economic, doned. Any woman student from outeducational, civic, social and religious side of continental United States, enlife of the world cannot be overesti- gaged in study in our schools, is enmated. When such hospitality intro- titled to all the privileges of the club. duces them to a host and hostess who, amid the heavy demands of business, There are more than two hundred civic and social life, put first things women students from other lands in first, finding the time to lead Bible institutions of higher learning in New classes and to attend church services, York City. They represent forty-one to serve actively on mission boards nationalities. Many of them are govand committees and to give many days ernment students pledged to give a of their busy lives to direct service for certain number of years to their govthe extension of Christ's Kingdom on ernment in educational work on their earth, it does much to counteract the rettlrn. They are the leaders and influence which leads returned stu- teachers of the world as it is to be, todents to say: "The Christianity of the morrow. Fine representatives of their United States is for export trade only. races they are, with keen, open minds, I saw none of it being used for home and an eager desire to meet American consumption." people, to know them in their homes, and to have real American friends. That secretary spoke truly who said: "When one meets or hears of a re- Miss Mendenhall gives us a glimpse turned student who is antagonistic to- of the club life at the "foyer," as it is ward Christianity, one instinctively called after the fashion of the first home for "foreign" students in Paris;

1D21] BEST METHODS

"The foyer has been a rendezvous for the A Frenchwoman sat down to write girls from the day the doors were open. letters at the little desk. Then she got Indeed, before they were fairly open, girls up she said feelingly, "This is the first were arriving at New York harbor, en route quiet hour I have had for months." to colleges north. south, east and west. Many of them came directly to the foyer, A South African (Boer) who to be entertained in the little guest roo:n, spends much time at the club said, or located elsewhere until they could con- "These rooms are the one place which tinue their journey, or could be perma- seems like home." nentiy settled in New York City. A Canadian who had entertained a One of the first girls arrived direct fro:n party of friends here after an evening China. .She had never spent a night apart of skating said, with tears in her eyes from her mother, except when she was to the assistant in charge, "You won't in the mission school, until she started for know what it means to us to have a America with a party of more than a hun- place like this where we can bring OUT dred students. She spent her first night in friends." New York City, alone in a hotel, where she sat up most of the night. The follow- WHO'S WHO IN INDIA ing day she came to the foyer directed by Chinese students. After looking about for The parlors of the First Church a time she said with a satisfied air, "It is were curiously unfamiliar, in fact so home," transformed as to give the impression of an Oriental room, so the Decoration The girls have come to the cI ub rooms Committee had been eminently sucdaily and in increasing numbers, often for cessful. tea, to meet friends. to rest between classes, to study in quiet, to ask counsel of an All winter, the young people had American friend, to use a typewriter, sew- been meeting for the study of India, ing machine or kitchenette. They have and now that the course was finished, been given the foyer to use with the free- they were to have a large party at the dom of their own home. home of their favorite missionary in India. On one Sunday afternoon a group of twentyCone Icelanders, both men and As the guests arrived, each had a women, held a religious service at the foyer. card pinned on his back bearing the The service was in Icelandic. conducted by name of a missionary, prominent naa visiting Icelandic clergyman, the first tive, famous building or a custom in service of its kind ever held in New York some mission land. William Carey, City. At another time a larger group of Ann Hazeltine Judson, the Taj Mahal, Japanese women students was entertained a child widow, the suttee, Vellore by the committee of American women Medical College, Krishna Pal and representing the Protestant Episcopal Board many, many others were there. The of Missions. game was for each to guess the name on his card from the conversation ad- The various activities of the foyer have dressed to him. When he had guessed developed to meet the needs of the stu- the first, it was taken off the back and dents. There is a department for helping pinned on the front, and another put the girls with English or any other study in its place on the back. At the end of with which they are having difficulty. At thirty minutes, the person having regular hours or by special appointment guessed' the largest number was given they can meet a capable American student a year's subscrpition to the MISSION-, who will be both friend and teacher. ARY REVIEW OF THE TORLD, the money for which was secured from The chance for interpreting Christian the fines imposed for failure to bring ideals comes informally, naturally and at in the assignments during the course every turn. One girl said in a perplexed of study. manner, "In America it is strange. Religion is in everything. In my country it is For refreshments, rice and curry not so," were served.

These at-random quotations from MARY L. NOBLE. the record give some idea of what the members think of the club: A Japanese woman sent in a girl from Switzerland, homesick and out of work. The next day the Japanese came in to bring news of the Swiss girl, saying, "I knew when she camp. here she would be comfortecl."

THE ANNUAL QUILTING PARTY government inspector's tag in order to be admitted to the D. S. A. For these tags A plan that has produced quilts by the dozen for missionary use and so- use little pieces of square cardboard with a cial "good times" for the young folks, string loop. On the tags write "D. S. A., has been in use by the Reformed Church, at Warwick, New York, for O. K.") twenty years, and declared "rust "Dogging the Dog Sled" (an Eskimo dogproof." less sled, and a team of brown dogs to be An Annual Quilting Party is held at the church. The girls come at two pinned in front of the sled.) o'clock to quilt on the comfortables. "Trimming the Christmas Tree for So The boys or young men come in for tea. The table and lights are made as and So." From green cardboard cut a big attractive as possible, and a supper is served. There is room for endless Christmas tree, rooted in a brown tub. variety in missionary attachments. Sometimes questions and answers are Then from different colored bits of cardhidden in napkins, or attached to place cards. Sometimes discussions or board, cut candles. stars, and balls to be games are introduced between courses. pinned on certain black dots on the tree, The quilts are packed and sent to missionaries among the Indians or to etc. other Home Mission fields. 4. GAMES ON MISSIONARIES AND THEIR MISSIONARY GAMES, GUESSING S'l'A'l'IONS: After missionary story hours CONTESTS AND CHARADES these four games will help to fix the dif- ferent names to the proper countries. Miss Margaret Applegarth has originated many interesting mission- 1. Looping the Loops. A good-sized map ary games and guessing contests for boys and girls, to be played at home or of the world should be pasted on a ten cent at missionary parties. The following may be used on various occasions: bread board. rectangular or circular. accord- ing to the style of map. Into each country SOME BLINDJ'OLD GAMES: To be played on the same principle as "Tailing the Don- screw a brass hook (the kind that have key," the players to be blindfolded, one at a time, turned around three times, and right-angled hooks, not circular ones). started on a haphazard course toward the Fasten this board against the wall by using pagoda, man or house as the case may be, to pin the object in their hands in the cor- picture screw eyes and wire, hanging it up rect place. like a picture. Then use two boxes of rub- r. ROMING 'l'HE PAGODA: Draw, color and ber fruit jar seals, each circle labeled with cut out Japanese pagoda; make separate the name of a missionary. The game conroof to be pinned on in proper place. sists of standing about eight feet away from 2. TURBANNING 'l'HE HINDU MAN: Hindu men are practically never seen without tur- the board and tossing the rubber circles to bans. as the stories and India playtimes will land on the hook of the proper country! have taught, so the children will enjoy relieving this gentleman's temporary embar- Livingstone. for instance, ought to catch on rassment by trying to pin gay red, yellow, blue, etc., turbans on the place where a the African hook. if he succeeds it counts turban shaul d be. the player five paints, but if he loops onto 3· Something for every known race may some other country it counts one point. be made. of course. Tally should be kept, and to avoid the in- "Feathering the Chief" (a featherless evitable disputes about "who belongs war bonnet on an Indian chief. and a set of colored paper feather plumes to be where" it will be well to have a list of counpinned in place). tries and heroes on the back of the board. "Tagging the Immigrant" (an immigrant Families who grow impatient for meals in apron and shawl at Ellis Island needs a half an hour too early should keep this game hung outside the dining room door!

A list of countries with the more famous missionary heroes follows: La brador Africa Dr. Grenfell David Livingstone Japan Robert Moffat!

Gnido Verbeck Alexander Mackay J05. H. Neesima Mary Slessor Mexico Alaska Melinda Rankin Sheldon Jackson Persia William Duncan Henry Martyn North America Fidelia Fiske John Eliott India Marcus Whitman William Carey Sheldon Jackson South America Alexander Duff Henry Martyn Allen Gardiner Pandita Ramabai Burma South Sea Islands Adoniram Judson fohn G. Paton China James Chalmers Dr. Robt. Morrison John C. Pateson Dr. Peter Parker John Williams Dr. J. K. Mackenzie Turkey Greenland Cyrus Hamlin Hans Egede

BEST METHODS

Names of present day missionaries "Pretty bright Japanese maiden artistiof your own board may be substituted. cally fixes chrysanthemums in green vase."

2. Looping the Loops in China, India, "Presbyterian Board just met about forc- Africa, or Burma, etc. ing colleges into getting volunteers."

A similar game may be evolved for each "Persian boy joins mission although country. only instead of bygone heroes, father cruelly inflicts grievous vengeance." use present-day missionaries for the far circles and have them looped on to their Pasha Bala, jealous Mohammedan, acpropel' stations. Maps are not often large knowledges followiug Christ. Influence enough for the hooks to be far apart for grows valuable." this station game, so paste a small map in the center of the board showing China, for "Physicians Begin job mollifying all faminstance. Then put rows of hooks up and ished Chinese into gettin~ vaccinated." down the board. each hook named for a prominent station in your denomination.* Variety enough! But because mis- sions had to be the theme it brought 3. Bean Bag Missionaries. A similar out all sorts of ideas. plan is to utilize a bean bag outfit. by pasting the name of the country over the hole ELEVEN GUESSING CONTESTS and naming the bean bags. These pencil and paper contests are 4. Where Do You Live? An outdoor adaptable for many occasions, and inadaptation of the game is popular, because teresting to all ages. For parties they it is of a romping nature! Signs are hung may be written on attractive pieces of up: one clothes pole is Alaska; another cardboard cut out in appropriate Burma; the Kitchen steps are India; the shapes, or with pictures from "misback fence the South Sea Islands; the lilac sions" decorating the top. For family bush Japan, etc. playa less elaborate way would be for one person to read the question aloud, The players all stand around the one who giving plenty of time for the players is "It," who calls out: "Where do you live, to think out the answers. For sick-a- John G. Paton?" Everyone then has to bed children they can be mailed as recall rapidly where Paton did live, and "Pills and Powders." make a dash for it, as the one who gets to the proper place first becomes "It." (1) The Burmese Twins and What Score can be kept. and various changes They "Ate": made to make it more exciting. (a) When Ma-Bo ate chota hazri wear- TELEGRAMS ing a gray lonegyee? (Ingratiate: In-gray- she-ate.) Old and young always enjoy this game, and when played with a mis- (b) When Ma-Bo looks exactly like Masionary significance it gives an ideal Bin r (Du-plic-ate.) chance for expressing the impressions received on story nights. Each person (c) When Ma-Bin hits back at Ma-Bo r playing has a pencil and paper, One (Retali-ate.) person mentions a letter of the alphabet which every body writes down on (d) When Ma-Bo stirs up trouble r his paper. The next person in line (Agit-ate.) mentions another letter, which is noted, and so on around, until ten let- (e) When Ma-Bin gently helps Ma-Bo? ters have been written in a row. Tele- (Mitig-ate. ) grams have ten words (if economically prepared), so from these ten letters (f) When Ma Bin brings water from the the players are to form a telegram well to Ma-Bin to drink? (Liquid-ate.) from some heathen country; each word must commence with the letter (g) When Ma-Bin sits alone, and thinks listed in the row of ten letters in order. and thinks? (Medit-ate.) E. g., here are some telegrams which some children made from the ten let- (h) When Ma-Bo plants rice, what do ters P, B,], M, A, F, C, I, G. V: the paddy plants do? (Veget-ate.) *Ful1er description of these games and con- (i) When Ma-Bin rows Ma-Bo on the tests will be found in Miss Applegarth's book river? (Navig-ate.) "The School of Mother's Knee." published by the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society, (D When Ma-Bo's family move awayr 276 Fifth Avenue, New York. Price $I.50. (Migr-ate.) (k) What Ma-Bo and Ma-Bin do before the Christmas exercises at our mission r (Anticip-ate. ) (2) "Anybody's Aunt/" In the Turkish home of Ibrahim Moham- med there was a harem, and in the harem lived his mother and his sisters and more aunts than he could shake a

stick at! Are they in your family, (5) Twisted in a Hindu Jungle: too? These letters when properly trans- (a) An aunt which tells what Ibrahim posed will spell the names of various animals in the jungles of India: played when he didn't go to school in the mosque? (Tru-ant.) , (b) An aunt which tells how Ibrahim Padrole (leopard) Soongome (mongoose) bent over easily to pray. five times a day. Present (serpent) Talligora (alligator) (PIi-ant.) Obar (boar) Samsoup (opossum) (el An aunt which tells what Ibrahim was Kacopec (peacock) Peelthan (elephant) when he was nice?" (Pleas-ant.) Trapor (parrot) Lulgborf (bull-frog) (d) An aunt which tells how Ibrahim Ocrab Ccobra) Noocrips (scorpion) looked in his gorgeous silk robe and his red Repthan (panther) Pedicten (centipede) fez? (Eleg-ant.) Tophyn (python) Yemnok (monkey) (e) An aunt which tells what Ibrahim's sister was when she was very cross? (Ter- FOURTEEN MISSIONARY mag-ant.) . CHARADES (f) An aunt which tells what the village Missionary names and countries hide many a syllable, just waiting for well became one summer? (Stagn-ant.) a group of lively young people to act out! Choose sides, divide this list, (g) An aunt which tells what kind of giving seven suggestions to each side. Each syllable is to be enacted sepadiphtheria the village got fram drinking rately, then the entire word acted. A "dressing-up box" will add much to this well water? (Malign-ant.) these impromptu dramatics, although it is astonishing how portieres can (h) An aunt which tells another name become gowns, and brass ferneries a crown in the twinkling of an eye! far the Turkish Empire? (Lev-ant.) (3) Missing Letters in a Japanese Home: (x stands for the missi"ng letters) 1. Miss-shun-airy.

(a) Max-Underfoot in every Japanese 2. Living-stone. home? (Mat.) 3. Pay-ton. (b) Lxxe-No Japanese can live without it? (Life.) 4s.. Fee-tish. Eye-doll. ec) Xoxe-The more the Japanese take from it the larger it grows? (Hole.) 6. Pay-go-da.

Cd) Rxax-It's all over the Japanese house? (Roof.) (e) Xaxs-Faund in Japanese suburbs? (Lots.) Etc.• etc.

(4) A Chinese Age Contest: 7. Add-dough-nigh-rum Jud-son.

8. Mow-ham-eye-den.

(a) In what age did the Chinese grand- 9. Burr-man. pa's house stand? eVill-age.) ro. Ass-am. (b) At what age did Chinese Grandpa marry Chinese Grandma? (Marri-age.) II. Tea-bet.

(e) What age shows he WaS a brave 12. Sigh-am-ease. soldier? (Cour-age.) 13. Fill-lip-e'en (d) What age did he worship in the gaudy temple? (Im-age.) 14. Purr-shah.

(e) What age was he afraid af from evil Anagrams spirits daily? (Dam-age.) Use small square cards with letters (f) What age will grandpa receive when of the alphabet on them. Select a he dies and lives in an ancestral tablet? group of letters tha'!: spell some word (Hom-age.) pertaining to Oriental or missionary life; mix up the letters and give to the (g) What age does poor meek grandma child to work out. Good game for endure? (Bond-age.) traveling.

(h) What age do Chinese birds wear? Picture Puzzles (Plum-age.) Any missionary picture may be (i) What age does the Chinese mission- pasted on a piece of cardboard, then ary travel around with? (Lugg-age.) cut up in zig-zag segments to be fitted together again. Also good for travel- (i) What age did the villagers bnild him ing where a map may be cut up. to live in? (Parson-age.) (k) What age did he use to write to us about his village? (Post-age.) (I) What age will grandpa reach if he lives long enough? (Dot-age.)

Woman's Foreign Mission

ED1TED BY MRS. WM. H. FARMER, MONTCLAIR, N. J.'

LATEST WORD FROM DR. MARY was surrounded by a moat and the STONE. stagnant water in the moat as well as Jan. 6, 1921. the ponds around it bred mosquitoes. In order to save the situation, we DEAR FRIENDS: It was August 17th when we landed asked that the house be screened. We in Shanghai after a leave of absence have since found that all the students for rest and recuperation, in America. who were exposed before this was We had decided to locate in Shanghai Jone, had malaria, and those who and we knew we had to bring down came afterwards, were free.

from Kiukiang our personal belong- About the last of October, we made ings and the orphan children that the a trip north taking in Tianfu, Tientsin, Lord entrusted us to look after. We Peking, Hangkow, Wuchang and then were told by friends that it would be back to Shanghai. We took with us impossible to secure a home, especially some picture charts made by the Coun- in the native city where the needs are cil on Health Education. We lectured so great among the crowds of this eight times, combining lectures on great metropolis and it was here that health with evangelism. We had op- we wanted to be. That very afternoon portunities to speak before audiences we were. invited to meet a Chinese of men, women and students in the friend who directed us to see the house Y. M. C. A. halls, in high schools and that we are at present occupying. The academies and before Nurses' Asso- house belongs to the former Chinese ciations. In this short trip of a fort- Minister to France. It is a beautifully night, we lectured before more than built house with electric lights and three thousand people. Everywhere running water. As soon as we saw it, the most intense interest was mani- we fell in love with the place which we fested. At the close of a very enthusi- saw afforded ample accommodation astic student meeting a number of for a Nurses' Training School. We young men inquired as to particulars did not know whether it was possible for securing charts and material for for us to rent it or not as the owner lectures that they might use in reach- was in Peking. Those of us that went ing the people in the crowded districts.

to see the place knelt in the reception Undoubtedly there are numbers of room that we afterwards dedicated as young men and women who could be our chapel, and asked the Lord to used most effectively for this purpose make it possible for us to secure it. -spreading good news of clean lives, We sang "Our Father is rich in houses clean homes, clean cities, if they could and lands" and after consecrating the be given the material and information place to the Lord's work, we claimed required. Surely now is the time to it for His use. So we named it "Beth- act quickly.

el," "the House of God and the Gate Even on board the steamer we did of Heaven." And then, 10, and be- not lose our opportunity. After one hold! we were told by the neighbors of our talks, an official came forward that "the house was haunted, that and said, "Who are you? This mes- thieves came every other day and that sage ought to be carried throughout the people who lived there had fevers China, not only to students but to all and divers diseases." Yes, the house classes of people, especially to the was haunted-not with ghosts, but ignorant and superstitious country with flies and mosquitoes. The house women."

319

Upon reaching Shanghai, it was evi- name. To Bethel Training School dent to us that we were to start some their coming has proven a great boon. kind of active medical-evangelistic Mrs. Nast is teaching English for work. Lack of cooperation and some practical use to the nurses, having misunderstanding between the mis- classes every day and also has charge sion workers here and the Boards at of the music department, for nurses home has held up the Union Hospital must ever be ready with voice in song work that we were invited to enter for the evangelistic meeting and for upon and that door seemed closed and all special occasions. And Doctor as we prayed for guidance, it was Nast with his spiritual messages in the made very clear to us that we were chapel from week to week is proving to start independent work among the a great benediction to the school. people at our door. We have lived among the masses too long and the Here in Shanghai in connection with over-powering sense of the needs of the training school, we have divided the suffering Chinese world was our classes into five different groups burned too deeply upon our souls for for holding weekly health meetings us to be content to sit idly by and wait for mothers and other women who are for controversies to cease. Young interested. At five different places women were applying from many lectures are reproduced by the stuparts of the country to come to Shang- dents and three to four hundred people hai and study hygiene, public health, hear them, weekly. After these talks, nursing and midwifery under us and the evangelists follow with their meswhen we said to one group, "We have sage. Although "infection," "disinnothing to offer you but the Cross. fection" and "prevention" are new We have no funds, no hospital-we terms to the populace, it is a case of can only give you methods at present "line upon line, precept upon precept, and you will have to pay your own here a little, there a little," so that the way-" they answered by packing up people are wakened to a sense of dantheir things and coming steerage, ger and precaution, that, in case of bringing their own bedding and other epidemics the people's lives would be worldly possessions. In haste we protected. As disease came through made ready for this volunteer student sin, ignorance, poverty and superstibody and we now have forty young tion, so the Gospel message of health, women, mostly of high school grade, liberty and the abounding life through in our Bethel Nurses' Training School. Jesus Christ must be preached. Then In November, Dr. Phoebe Stone and like the Psalmist the redeemed can Miss Lillian Wu joined us. They had tendered their resignations to the Dan- sing, "Bless the Lord, a my soul, and forth Hospital and were eager to commence work with us as so long forget not all His benefits, Who forplanned. Our united forces make giveth all thine iniquities, Who healpossible the instruction for the nurse eth all thy diseases." Then, indeed, students from the two physicians, our bodies are made holy, fit temples practical work under Miss Wu, and for His continued indwelling. Bible instruction and evangelistic methods of work. We have the great The opening of a small hospital in joy and comfort this year of having connection with a dispensary was the Doctor and Mrs. Nast with us. After next need with the coming of the lovingly caring for us through the long Nurses' Training School. One day illness that followed our breakdown in while going from Bethel to the city health two years ago, these devoted streets we were attracted by a row of friends of ours and China, decided to very neat-looking houses just being return with us and spend a year in the finished. They formed what in Amercountry they have so long loved in His ica would be called an apartment house. They were two-storied, tile- roofed, small veranda running across the upper story, a glass front across the entire first floor, the front room

THE WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

intended to serve as a shop in each three smoke stacks. Factories, every apartment. We coveted this spot for one of them! Factories for weaving His work. Located on one of the cotton fabrics, factories filled with leading French Boulevards and street men, women, children, yes, and often car lines, within a few blocks of Nan- mere tots who ought to be in the free king Road, the Fifth Avenue of kindergarten circle! One sees them Shanghai, we realized it presented tre- sitting on stools before the swinging mendous possibilities for service. It shuttle, tiny feet that should be danc- is too long a story to tell how God has ing with fun and frolic, steadily work- given us four of these fine new apart- ing the squeaking treadle from early ments for Bethel No.3 Day School morning until nightfall. And at the and Gospel Mission where day and noon hour, no, the noon fifteen min- night schools are held and daily evan- utes, allowed for eating the rice that gelistic service; Bethel Dispensary has been brought from the hut home and Hospital-the latter having six- in the morning and warmed up by teen beds-and the Headquarters of pouring hot water over it-at this the W. C. T. U. Here day and night resting-time, our evangelists have whenever one chances to pass this found their way into the factory.

busy corner, the most conspicuous There eager groups of workers stand sight is a curious, jostling crowd of for fifteen minutes~for there are no men and women at the dispensary seats provided-while the leader gives door. The work is rapidly growing a brief message and the little group of and the group of workers stationed nurse students who have accompanied here are enthusiasm itself over the her, sing a gospel hymn and then, al- prospect of a great work. Three day most before the short prayer is fin- schools have been opened in the ished, the gong sounds and the two crowded centers of the native city and hundred Chinese workers are back at are known as the Bethel Schools. the treading of the wheel and the toss- Despite the fact that there are various ing of the shuttle! But the seed has missions at work in Shanghai, it was been sown, the monotony of the long, not necessary to go far to find whole dreary day has been broken by the districts absolutely untouched by any message and "His Word shall not re- Christian influence. As our little turn unto Him void." We long for band of eager evangelists gathered the money to rent rooms, heat them these crowds of children in and asked the bitter cold days, and station blessed question, "Have you ever heard of evangelists, women with passionate Jesus, the Saviour?" the answer was love for Jesus to live among these given by some, "Yes, heard there was toilers and welcome them to one bright such a One, but never heard with our spot, one safe spot in this overcrowded own ears." And now they are hear- district. And if God has a mission ing and learning- to love Him! for us here, He who opened this door Four crowded Sunday schools, will supply all our needs.

where the Bible is taught by the group We have had a wonderful Christ- of nurses and teachers, have been es- mas. From the Chinese supper with tablished. It is our hope to open in our big family of one hundred and ten connection with the day school and nurses, students, children and servants evangelistic work, the dispensary also on Christmas eve, and the tree and where suffering bodies can be cared gifts that followed, through the beau- for and these dispensaries will be feed- tiful sunrise prayer meeting when the ers for the hospital we are praying for "White Gifts for the King" were and expecting. brought in and laid a love-offering at But perhaps no open door has given His feet, on through the happy day us greater joy than one that has swung with its busy round of exercises by the wide before us. From the upper ver- children at the three day schools and anda of Bethel we can -count twenty- the showing of the stereopticon pic-

tures to those who had never seen in thy heart whether thou wouldst keep and the grand wind-up with Christmas His commandment or no." And we program and a bit of the Hallelujah WILL remember!

Chorus by the nurses-all, we say, Very truly yours in His service, was beautiful, blessed! MARY STONE, M.D., There were no boxes from friends JENNIE V. HUGHES, in America this year for our work has PHOEBE STONE, M.D.

been too recently started for this, but P. S.-AII gifts for the work, in we believe another year will find us money or packages should be ad- with gifts for those we are seeking to dressed cia American Post Office, help. Shanghai, China.

And they are legion! We thank God we are here in Shanghai for we "YOUR INTERCESSOR"

believe it is His place for us. We A missionary on furlough from want to feel that you, dear friend, will India, tells in The Zenana of a con- pray for us each day that this training versation with a young girl who was school will reach out through its gradu- the only other occupant of her com- ate nurse-evangelist to all parts of partment in a railway train in Eng- needy, suffering China. We want land. Learning that the missionary your support as God shall direct you had been at the Keswick Convention, to give to this work. Many poor, but the girl said; "I've read about the earnest Christian girls are pleading to request of the India missionaries for come and study with us. These must missionary intercessors, and I thought be supported. It will cost one hun- I'd love to be one; but I don't know a dred dollars a year for her board, uni- single missionary anywhere." A mo- form and books. ;Vill you or your ment later she said; "Why, I believe friends help one of these girls? Three you are a missionary! May I be your years will give her the training and intercessor ?"

send her out as your representative. That was six years ago, and, the For a few years the day schools will missionary goes on to say, "I have need support and teachers, but we never seen that girl since, but we have believe except among the very poor, been in close touch by letter all the that these will soon become self-sup- time. To be my effectual intercessor, porting. she has read and studied and asked Weare happy to report that we are questions, till she knows and under- all in perfect health. The climate of stands, to an almost incredible extent, .

S.hanghai is proving a great improve- about my work and surroundings, my ment on the malarial district where we helpers, and the people I am working have previously worked and everyone among. I cannot tell you what un- in our big family is gaining. speakable help her prayers have We have said that we are in an in- brought to me hundreds of times, and dependent work. No! It ever a work how real a fellow-worker I have felt were dependent it is this one-depend- her to be. I should never think now ent on Him who is our Leader and it of counting up our staff in that dis- has been a perfect joy from day to trict without counting her as one.

day to experience the surprises that Last week I had a letter from her, in God has given us,-expressions of His . which she tells me how her life has love and ·care. And as we step out been quite changed by this missionary into a new year with the future un- service. Her lonely, quiet village life known, we hear His voice saying as has been filled and made rich and large did His children of old as they too by the spiritual partnership. She tells went out into the untried path, "Thou me, too, that through becoming mis- shalt remember all the way which the sionary intercessor for me, the mis- Lord thy God led thee, to humble thee sionary cause has become real and and to prove thee, to know what was dear to her as it never was before."

FROM MANY

INDIA AND SIAM At the bottom of them all is the wide divergence between the teach- Famine Conditions ings of Christ and the practice of Christianity by the nations which send W ORD comes from Dr. R. A. forth missionaries for the conversion Hume, of India, that the rains of non-Christian peoples. It will not have utterly failed in the Ahmednagar be too much to say that the more the and Sholapur Districts of Western In- teachings of Christ come to be appredia, and that they now face worse ciated the greater is the feeling to famine conditions than they have which we refer. Then there is the known since the terrible days of 1900. growth of national feeling in India it- The British Government has opened self which tends to impel Indian Chrisbig famine camps for relief, but must tian thinkers to move toward an Inwork in a wholesale way, and asks the dianized Christianity that easily runs mission to cooperate in the relief of into a Christianized Hinduism. The special classes of sufferers who need establishment of the Hindu Missionpersonal attention. Native Christian ary Society is thus a sign of the times." workers, whose meager salaries of three to six dollars a month will not The Harvest Field buy enough even of the coarsest grain to feed their children in these famine University of Calcutta days, must have a small supplementary grant if they are to stay in their vil- T WENTY-SIX thousand students lages and work for the sufferers. Two are in attendance at the Univeror three dollars may save the lives of sity of Calcutta, the largest enrolment a family and a few thousand dollars of any university in the British Emwill do an immeasurable amount of pire, and about the same number as good. Gifts for famine relief may be the enrolment in universities on the sent through the American Board, 14 British Isles. Since the arts course is Beacon Street, Boston. the doorway to government service, the majority, 22,000, take this course. The Hindu Missionary Idea Most of the undergraduates are Hin- dus, while very few Mohammedans REFERENCE has already been can be induced to attend. The Scotch made to the Hindu Missionary college, supported by the united Society, founded at Bombay in 1917, churches of Scotland, has 1,142 stuwith branches at Nagpur, Poona and dents, the great proportion of whom Bagdad. Its 360 members are scat- are connected with the Christian retered throughout India. The [ndian ligion. A commission of inquiry into Social Reformer recently had this to the university has just published the say of it: results of their investigations, and it is certain that there will be vital changes "Under its auspices 78 persons have in this the greatest educational institureverted to Hinduism,-six Moham- tion of India. Among other things, medans, eight Buddhists and 64 Chris- much greater stress will be laid on the tians. More, we are told, expect to study of science. do so. These are not imposing results, but it will be a mistake to regard them Australian Christian World as devoid of significance. There are signs that there is a widespread feel- Moslem and Christian Rule Compared ing of disappointment and discontent among an increasing number of In- WHILE Indian Moslems have been dians who have accepted Christianity. perturbed over Turkey's defeat in The causes of this are complex. the war, they have at the same time 323

been much enlightened as to the nature New Birth Illustrated of Moha,mmedan rule unmodified by Christianity. Tens of thousands of T WENTY years ago parents in Mohammedan sepoys have served in India would not allow their chil- Mesopotamia and been witness to the dren to repeat verses about Jesus, alunutterable squalor of a land under though "proverbs'" were not barred. typical Mohammedan Tule. They have The past year a Christian Endeavor been able to contrast this with condi- Rally was held at Aruppukottai, and tions prevailing in France and Eng- children from nine schools took part. land, and for that matter in India One group chose for their exercise the under the government of a Christian story of the young king Josiah cleanspower. They have also seen the Y. M. ing the temple after finding the "Book C. A. at work, and taken notice of the of the Law." The girls brought a fact that Islam provided not a single small idol such as is seen in many agency to do similar work among them. homes, and a large iron spoon of char- coal and incense to illustrate their Bishop Fisher in Burma former life. Then they told the story of Josiah, and when they came to the AFTER his first day spent in India part of the cleansing of the temple, as bishop, being rushed in an auto- they overturned the idol, spoon, etc., mobile from one place to another Dr. and holding up a Bible said, "We too Fred B. Fisher declared that Kipling have found the Word of God, and so was in error when he described the have turned all idol worship out of our fool who died trying to ,hustle the East. lives and we now worship the true Dr. Fisher writes that he is amazed God." Not a word of objection was at the rapid change in India since his heard from any parent. first trip sixteen years ago, and even since the second visit in 1917. There Life and Light is a new India which must be reckoned with in international settlements. Future Queen of' SiaDl Amazing changes have also taken place in Burma. A boys' high school T HE King of Siam has just been in Rangoon has 800 pupils in attend- betrothed to Princess Vallabha ance. So rapidly has been the growth Devi, who was for several years a stuof Chinese work there that the mis- dent in the Harriet House School in sionary in charge has been obliged to Bangkok, operated by the Presbymake use of an abandoned stable for terian Board of Foreign Missions. Sunday school classes. Following the announcement of the betrothal, the father of the princess India's Transition sent to the mission school an invitation for pupils and teachers to attend a ONE .of ou~ AmeriC;lJl wor~~rs in reception to the princess at his home. IndIa wrItes: "The spmt of India becomes more restless each year. The present King of Siam is con- Crisis follows crisis in the social and sidered the best informed man in his religious life of the people. Female realm and abreast of the times in his education, woman's suffrage, widow work and thought; and the announceremarriage, intercaste marriage, inter- ment of his betrothal to a student at a caste dining and temperance are much Christian school is a matter of great discussed subjects. India has changed, satisfaction. Siamese advices do not is changing, ,and will continue to directly say that the princess is herchange until she becomes the great self a professing Christian, but even united people she ought to be. The if she is, officialdom would not proopportunity was never greater for claim it. It is noteworthy that she has giving expression to Christianity of been under Christian influences for the 'New' Testament type. We must several years. not fail India: in this time of transition." The Presbyterian

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

CHINA Customs College ~ and there are more than 30,000 in Peking's lower schools. A Wise Ruler The Congregationalist Y EN SHI-SHAN, Governor of Shansi, is an outstanding figure in National Conference P".tponed present-day China. The key to his power and influence is his definite I N order to allow ample time for the acknowledgment of God's sovereignty five commissions to properly comand man's responsibility to Him. plete their surveys, the date of the Na- tional Christian Conference has been When provinces adjoining are in postponed to the last week of April, disorder he has maintained quiet. He 1922. This postponement will also give has encouraged agriculture, forestry opportunity for more adequate prepaand sericulture; introduced uniform ration of the chuq:h in China, to measweights and measures, and more en- ure the results of, the Lambeth Conlightened legal procedure; established ference on Christian unity, and to schools for girls and compulsory edu- understand the plans for cooperation cation for boys, and circulates on the which it is hoped will be formulated widest scale literature for the practi- at the first meeting of the International cal and moral uplift of his people. Missionary Committee, scheduled for the fall of 1921.. Many worldly-wise maxims are incorporated in this literature, such as: Proposed Woman's College "It is not poverty to be without As a result of. a suggesti.on made by money, but it is true poverty to be the ExecutIve CommIttee of the without a trade"." Union Normal School for Young Women at Chengtu, twenty workers "The parents' behavior is the chil- appointed from eight missions are at dren's die; if good, the impression will work on plans for a Woman's College be good; if bad, the impression will ill West China. If the institution can be bad." be coordinated with the West China Union University at Chengtu, an "The experience of the uneducated initial sum of $250,000 will be sufis much to be preferred to the inex- ficient to start work with eight teachperience of the educated." ers. In case this plan is not adopted, $300,000 will be needed. "Not to teach your son morals is like rearing a thief; not to teach him a Conditions me changed rapidly in trade is to cast him off." this g-reat western district, and the need is growing for an insfitution for Record of Christian Work women of college grade. Last year, thirteen girls went from Chengtu to Peking University Expanding Peking and Nanking for college work, and keen interest is manifested in the CONGREGATIONAL, Methodist proposed new school. and Presbyterian Boards, and the London Missionary Society are united Revival in Kaohing High School in the Peking University; and have just purchased sixty acres of land out- A LETTER from Rev. Lowry side the city near the site of the Na- . Davis, Principal of a Boys' School tional University and the Indemnity in Kashing, describes a revival among College. The plan is to secure a the students. A band of students and modest but complete equipment for teachers pledged themselves to pray high grade work. The limited work daily for a sp~i.ftl spiritual awakening now being conducted in temporary among the students of the school, in quarters shows stude~ts. from practi~ preparation for the coming. of Mr. cally every province who wish to study Chen, National Student Y. M. C. A. at the national capital. Secretary and a convert of the China Inland Mission at Wenchow. Peking is becoming a great educational center. There are now over 15,000 young men in the higher grade government schools, ranging from the National University, with an enrolment of 2,248, to the selected 85 in the

His addresses were most impres- Against Early Marriage sive. Even the small boys sat on hard benches listening intently for more PROF. WILLIAM CHUNG, of than an hour. After several days of Tsinghua College, is known as an preaching and prayer a direct appeal original thinker. He spends all his was made, and 116 students accepted leisure time and his vacations in pro- Christ. Of these, 45 have been moting anti-early marriage teaching, formed into two enquirer's classes. of which there is strong need in China. There remain now only a few out of Mr. Chung's campaign is proving 250 students who have not yet openly singularly effective. The literature is declared for Christ. Over 200 stu- printed on the back of picture postdents belong to the Pocket Testament cards, which the recipient treasures for League. the picture and incidentally preserves the literature. Mr. Chung served on the Presbyterian Standard Chinese Educational Commission in Washington for several years, and American Management of Belief when he first began this campaign he sent the cards to missionaries for dis- CH IN ESE organizations and tribution, most of the funds required wealthy Chinese will not give being from his own income. money to famine relief unless it is under foreign management, preferably On the cards are also printed anti- American, and distributed by mission- foot binding, anti-liquor, anti-tobacco, aries. Rev. Charles H. Corbett, a anti-opium, anti-deforestation and a Peking missionary now serving as score of "anti" messages. Executive Secretary for the International Famine Relief in the Province Millard's Review of Chihli, writes of what is being done. The Governor of the Province gave Gambling Abolished in Canton $500,000 local currency to be distributed throughout the famine districts PETITIONED by more than 50,000 in this Province. Some counties re- members of the Anti-Gambling ceived $5,000, and some $4,000, and Society, headed by religious leaders, when distributed to the poor, each asking for the abolition of gambling in adult got anywhere from 12 to 20 cop- Canton, China, the Governor of pers and children only half as much. Kwangtung Province has prohibited At best this was only enough for one gambling there. 'The official order day! In some cases it took three days was given following a great demonfor the people from the more distant stration of over 15,000 citizens of Canplaces to come to the county seat, re- ton in a parade several miles long, lastceive their dole and return. ing six hours, when the petition was presented. In this great Christian The plan adopted is that of opening parade, one of the largest in China in schools for the very poor children, and many years, representatives from all giving them five cents a day for every the Christian colleges participated. day they come, with an extra five cents Lee Mink Tak and Tse Ya Luk were for Sunday if they have a perfect rec- the marshals of the parade, with ord for the week. In this way we volunteers from the Canton Christian hope to be able to keep alive about College and secretaries of the Y. M. 6,600 children, and give them a little C. A. as their aides. instruction at the same time. But this will save only about six in a hun- The Presbyterian dred of the very poorest children, and makes no provision for parents, ex- JAPAN-CHOSEN cept as the children can spare a little from their portions. Freedom for Women American gifts to Chinese famine A BILL designed to nullify the law relief now amount to about $3,000,000, prohibiting women from attendbut this is very inadequate. ing political meetings or joining politi- cal associations has the support of members of all parties in the Japanese House of Representatives. The grant-

NEWS FROM MANY LA::DS

ing of the franchise to women in the in a mission kindergarten one is usu- United State.s is believed to have ac- ally so untrammeled by government celerated this movement. An address regulations and so free to teach Chrisin advocacy of the bill declared that tianity to children at the-most impres- "To make women better wives and sionable age, that kindergarten work mothers, abolition of the regulation is in Japan offers a field of such extraimperative." ordinary missionary interest. So far from opposing Christian teaching, A Buddhist Salvation Anny parents in many instances are eager for it, because they realize that a T HE Japanese Salvation Army is Christian kindergarten has something encountering opposition from a to offer-some peculiar method of rival Buddhist organization, it is said, building character in the child which and has been threatened with expul- a government kindergarten, however sion from Japan. At the Silver Jubilee well equipped, does not seem to pos- Conference of the Christian Associa- sess. For this reason, the seed shou1d tion, Buddhist supporters attempted be thoroughly sown that indifference to break up the meeting, but serious or hostility in a heathen home shall not disorder was avoided. According to destroy the fruit. The Far East (Tokyo), the disturbers were influenced by the "Buddhist In a Japanese kindergarten the chil- Salvation Army," the leader of which dren had a lunch each day, and behad declared that "he and his friends fore they ate it they bowed their heads would fight the Christian Army out of and gave thanks. One evening at Japan." The incident seems to show home a little girl bowed her' head and the influence which the Japanese Sal- -gave thanks for her rice. vation Army has attained. The Far East quotes from an article in the "What are you doing?" asked her Taiyo by Mr. Kanzo Uchimura, a father. Christian: "I'm thanking God for this food," "Of charity work Japan had not said the little girl. been entirely innocent, but it was the Christians who organized it. All or- "But your mother cooked that rice ganized charitable undertakings-the for you," he said. reformation of depraved children, the protection of released prisoners, or- "Yes, father, but she did not make phanages, the improvement of prisons, the rice: God maQe it for us." etc., were started by Christians. The same was the case with the move- "That is strange teaching," said the ments for temperance and the aboli- father; but he thought over it and tion of licensed prostitution. As for finally went to ask the missionaries poor-relief work, all that is done by what it all meant. The teaching begun the Buddhists of all sects does not by the little kindergarten pupil went come up to what is done by a single on in that home, and now all the yamamuro g~jmpei of the Salvation family acknowledge God and His Army. No original charity work goodness. worthy to be introduced to the world has been started in Japan by any set Sunday Obserl1ance of men other than the Christians." GOVERNOR SEKIYA, of Shizu- Literary Digest oka Prefecture in central Japan told Dr. Frank L. Brown at a meeting Japan's "Garden of Children" of World's Sunday School Conven- tion delegates that at a recent confer- FROM a missionary standpoint it is ence of governors he had proposed because there are so many children that Sunday hereafter in Japan should everywhere, in the cities or on the vil- be observed as a day of worship and lage streets, who could easily be gath- religious instruction. This proposiered into a kindergarten; and because tion was approved by the governors and is now before the Japanese Cabi- net.

It is also stated that the Empress of cards. The following Sunday about Japan, feeling that Sunday has be- the same thing is done, with an income too largely a day of recreation, creased audience, and as the weeks go plans to have regular religious instruc- on definite instruction is given. tion in her household on Sunday. If this is done, the custom will be gener- MOSLEM LANDS ally observed, for it is customary to follow the example of the royal house- Encouragement in Turkey hold. DR. GEORGE E. WHITE, Presi- Growth in Sunday School Work dent of Anatolia College, Marso- van, Turkey, writes that more than D R. R. M. WILSON, of Kwangju, two hundred boys are in attendance at Chosen, whose appeal for warm the college this year, and that many vests for lepers was so generously met of them are Moslems, a larger number than ever before in the thirty-five by readers of the REVIEw, over 500 years of the college's history. The Moslem Governor brought his two vests having been sent, writes of the sons, and begged the president to ac- cept them as students, since he did not effective Sunday school work at that wish to trust their training to Moslem teachers. Many Moslems are only station. About fifty pupils go out waiting for an opportunity to send their boys to Christian schools for every Sunday morning and gather in training.

the heathen children, bringing in from Missions in Aleppo one to ten each. Sang Chin Soo T HE evangelical congregation in this largo city of northern Syria is brought 91 and her brother 71 new for the first time in sixty years receiv- ing the attention of an American resipupils in six Sundays. Doctor Wil- dent missionary. For six months Rev. George C. Doolittle, of the American son offers to pay the postage if any- Presbyterian Mission, has conducted services in a double room on the premone will send him word of a similar ises of the English Presbyterian Mis- sion to the Jews. The numbers in record in America. attendance have fiIJed the place-at times· almost uncomfortably. Mrs. Twelve years ago the first Sunday- W. K. Eddy, formerly of Sidon, has undertaken work among the women. school was started, with about twenty- Sunday services include preaching five in attendance. There are now in the morning, a vesper service in English at the Near East Relief Home, seventeen schools in Kwangju with a and a stereopticon lecture in Arabic at the Y. M. C. A. The Arabic-speaking combined membership of over 1,200. congregation needs a church home, so that the evangelical work in Aleppo Each new pupil receives an American might receive new impetus and main- tain steady growth. picture card; another card is given The Purity Move:ment in Egypt when he brings ten new scholars and T HIS important work is making a when he has brought fifty he gets an real impression, and many soldiers and Egyptian lads are being saved American Red Cross button. More from sin. The Eddy meetings had a beneficial effect in arousirg many to a picture post cards are greatly needed, and Dr. Wilson asks that friends will send as many as possible. A small printed tract, with questions on the life of Christ or other Bible stories, is pasted on the back of these post cards by the missionaries. .

Doctor Wilson describes the usual method of building up a Sunday school in that field. Going out to a village, the missionaries are soon followed and surrounded by crowds of children who call out "Jesus people," "'Nest- erners," etc. They enter a yard and ask permission to sing and this grant- ed they soon have the children learn- ing "Jesus Loves Me, This I Know."

Then they are told of Christ's love and sacrifice, and are given some picture

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

realization of the physical conse- school which he organized in the quences of immorality. The villages Orthodox Coptic Cathedral, Cairo, of Egypt are full of disease caused by now numbers nine hundred children. impurity. There is need of a cn~sade He has also started several branch against sin in every land, regardless of Sunday schools in other parts of Cairo. race, station or religion. Sin strikes One of these schools is located in what at physical and spiritual life in indi- was a closed and even abandoned viduals and in communities. Even the Coptic church, now called by Mr. Azhar University Mohammedans are Alexander, the Children's Church. waking up and giving the matter at- With the official approval of the Coptention. tic priests a special edition of Sunday school lesson helps has been printed An "Alliance of Honor" has been for these Coptic schools, since the founded in Cairo and has branches in priests object to the use of lesson Assiut and Assuan. Members pledge helps which bear the imprint of any themselves to purity in thought, speech missionary organization. There are and act, and to encourage purity in already fifty new teachers in this others. Pray for Mr. Arthur T. Up- movement. son and his associates. The working committees bear Bible Egypt More Quiet names, for example: St. Lukes' Com- mittee visits scholars who are ill, the A WRITER for Christian Wark benevolent work committee is named who is in Cairo says that there is for Mary, the mother of Jesus and St. a decided lessening of enthusiasm for Mark's Committee is for missionary freedom manifested in newspapers work. and political demonstrations. Most Egyptians say they are going to have AFRIVA freedom, but the more thoughtful acknowledge that they have asked for Winning Nigeria too much. Another indication that conditions are more settled is that T HERE is no part of the world British officials no longer talk of los- where the movement towards ing their positions. There have been Christianity is so strong as in Nigeri.a. fewer strikes among students, and In one year there were more adult those which took place seemed to be baptisms in Nigeria than in the whole prompted more by the students' fond- of India, Ceylon and China put toness for making speeches and shout- gether. The number of adult baping than by true patriotism. tisms in 1919 were as follows: Ni- geria, 7,924; India and Ceylon, 2,714 COlltie Sunday Schools and China, 1,796. Unlike the mass movements in India, every stratum of T HE reading of "How to Conduct society is equally involved. a Sunday SChool," by Marion Lawrance, is largely responsible for C. M. S. Gleaner an extensive· and increasing Sunday school work among the Copts of African Communion Service Egypt. This book has been translated into Arabic and published by the Nile T HE Communion service is a nolIission Press. A Coptic employee in table era in the life of an African the Cairo Post Office, Joseph Alexan- Christian. Weeks of careful examder, is the leader who is cooperating ination precede the celebration of the with Rev. Stephen Trowbridge, Sun- sacrament. It is two years after a day School Secretary for Moslem convert gives up his fetish before there Lands and a representative of the is any possibility of his being received World's Sunday School Association. into full communion of the Church and partaking of the sacrament. His Last March Mr. Alexander began first act is a negative, one, giving up with a small group and the Sunday his fetish; the second' positive, giving of his substance; the third, spiritual, telling the story. He is put into a

catechetical class where for two years pleted. The blacksmith shop repairs he is under close supervision. Then motorcycles, old kitchen utensils, comes the examination before the stoves, kettles and tubs. sacrament. Christian Wark One of the missionaries thus describes the Communion service: Brick Houses in the Congo "Rolls of cassave, the bread of the P ROVISION is being made through natives, are broken in small pieces and special gifts for building brick passed by the elders on enameled houses for missionaries of the Southplates. The wine, either diluted grape ern Presbyterian Church in the Congo. juice, or the red juice of native fruits, Those familiar with the discomfort is passed in glasses which are refilled and danger of living in houses of the out of an ordinary water pitcher and native type,-the ravages of white sometimes out of a bucket, but no ants and the unwelcome visits of matter how simple the outer signs, poisonous reptiles, will appreciate there is real hunger and thirst after what it will mean to the missionaries righteousness which finds its satisfac- to be able to bar out these menacing tion in the contemplation and appro- creatures of Africa. priation of Christ's Sacrifice. It is principally the constant observance The interest aroused in this effort of this rite which has made the many has turned attention to work in the tribes of Africa into one tribe-the Congo, with the result that several tribe of the living God." new workers are planning to go to that field. Enterprising Black Boys Work in Basutoland T HE Industrial School at Blat, West Africa, is operated at an T HE work of the Paris Missionary expense of $18,000 a year, in addition Society in Basutoland was begun to missionaries' salaries, yet it asks no in 1833. There are now in full memappropriations from any board. .How bership of the Church 29,682 men and is this accomplished? The tailors' women, and collections taken last year class makes garments. by the thousand amounted to 224,159 francs. Eleven for evangelists and teachers through-, missionaries oversee and direct this out the field. The carpenters' class is whole work in thirtY'~llle stations, 307 filling an order for fifty-t~o pieces of annexes and 363 schools. There is furniture for a lawyer III Douala; also one theological teacher for trainseveral articles of furniture have also ing native pastors; one Bible teacher, been completed for the stations of the and one normal teacher with several Paris Evangelical Society. The saw- assistants. The Normal School at mill is cutting a large order for lum- Morija is one of the best in all South ber for a French trading firm that Africa. wishes to put up some dwellings and warehouses. The bushrope chair and In Barotseland on the Zambesi, the sofa class is having difficulty in pro- change since Coillard planted a miscuring sufficient bushrope for their sion in 1884 is very marked, Instead work, because many of their form~r of King Lewanika with his 200 wives, apprentices have not only started bUSI- there is King Litia, a church member, ness of their own, but have also taught with one wife. Slavery has been abolother natives to do the same. A tan- ished by law, and the king is firmly set nery has been started on a small scale against drinking customs. for tanning the hides of antelopes, wild pigs, bushcows, etc., and a very EUROPE good class of leather has been ob- Spanish Christian General tained; a few pairs of good, strong, leather shoes have already been com- GEN. JUAN LABRADOR is the one Protestant high in the ranks of the Spanish army. On one occasion he refused to dismiss seventy work- men from the arsenal of Carraca. out

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

of respect to their conscience. For the masses. Boris Sokolov, a socialist this he was denied the honor of the revolutionist who escaped a Bolshevik Order of San Hermenigildo, yet he prison, testifies to the spirituality of has served his country in peace and the common people and speaks of the war for forty-six years, and has often impression made upon him, "a been decorated both for military serv- stranger to religion" by the deep piety ice and for scientific achievement. He of the masses. The bureaucratic affirmed in a recent statement that the orthodox church is gone, he says in a Bible is his source of strength, and Russian radical daily published in that its daily reading has sufficed to Paris, and a more Christian, freer support the moral life in a situation church is arising. At present, Bolexposed to great temptations; and to shevism is not interfering with religion give courage to make known to great -more than that, communists are numbers of his countrymen the way being married in churches, and when of salvation. at the point of death the priest is sent for in many instances. Opportunities for McAll Mission R e c e n t I y religious fraternities, T HE McAII Mission to the French "Bratsva," have been gaiuing popu- people is entering upon its fiftieth larity in Petrograd, according to Sokoyear. The families which the mission lov, and these are formed in groups to assisted during the war are responsive discuss religion and philosophy. All to religious teaching, and in the pres- those taking part are members of the ent opportunity to train orphaned Orthodox Church, and seem to be children, the mission has an outlook modeling the movement after the broader than any hitherto seen. The Stundist method of Bible study and workers are hoping to secure funds discussion. for another vacation farm for children, and also for another Gospel boat. LATIN AMERICA Methodism in Italy Home Rule for Santo Domingo T HE Methodist Church at Vicco- F OUR years ago when the United bellignanh, a village in Italy, is States government assumed control made up of robust peasants, fierce of Dominican affairs the Dominican looking, powerful men and women government was overdrawn by about from the vineyards. Those who are $15,000 and payment of all expenses unable to get to the services eagerly was far in arrears. In view of the ask for particulars of the sermon, and fact that all indebtedness has now been this has led to the pastor sending paid, and the treasury has a balance around his manuscript for the benefit of $3,000,000, the United States govof absent members. ernment believes that the time has come to withdraw from participation In Rome English Methodists have in Dominican affairs. President Wilopened a preaching hall on the Tiber son's proclamation announces that a embankment, opposite the castle of St. commission of representative Domini- Angelo and within sight of the Vati- can citizens will be appointed who will can. It is always filled on week day be entrusted with the formulation of and Sunday evenings. Although amendments to the constitution and opened only in September, by the end a general revision of the laws of the of the year it saw twenty-two persons republic, such amendments to be subtaken into full church membership, mitted to a constitutional convention and sixty others pUblicly giving their and to the National Congress of the names and addresses as inquirers. Dominican RepUblic.

Religion in Russia Religious Instruction in Yucatan T o SOME observers, the red athe- A FAR-REACHING work is being ism of Russia's political leaders carried on in Yucatan by Rev. has served to intensify the religion of and Mrs. Molloy, of the Presbyterian

Mission in Merida. In addition to a work among the caddies, leading to their church activities, they have fitted better quarters in the caddie house, the up four rooms in the center of the city introduction of outdoor and indoor as library class rooms and recreation games, occasional talks on health and room. Those taking advantage of the morality, providing wholesome readcourses include students, salesmen, ing, educational movies, swimming and lawyers, physicians, engineers and an honor system. Already the benemusicians, and all declare this center ficial results are evident. Let other to be the only place they have known clubs and Y. M. C. A.'s follow this where high ideals are set before them. good example. The work is primarily evangelistic, and is reaching a more highly educated New Methodist Missionaries class than any previous work. T HE largest number of new mis- New Bible Society Agency sionaries ever sent to the foreign field in anyone year in the history of SECRETARIES of the American the Methodist Episcopal Church was Bible Society representing the sent during the fiscal year ending No- United States, the Near East, the Far vember 1st. The largest previous year East and Latin America held a three was 1917, when 96 recruits were apdays' conference early in February, pointed and sent out by the Methodwhen it was announced that a new ists. During the fiscal year mentioned, agency has been established on the 275 new missionaries were appointed, Vest Coast of South America, to be of whom 80 were assigned to South called the Upper Andes Agency. It America, 69 to China, 50 to India and includes Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Burma, 30 to Africa, 30 to Malaysia, the southern part of Colombia. six to Mexico, five to Japan, two to Korea, and two to Europe. The list The conference planned the largest does not include relief workers in year's work in the history of the So- European war areas. A majority of ciety. It is hoped to distribute at the new appointees have already least 5,000,000 copies of the Scrip- reached their stations. According to tures during 1921. activity they are classified as follows: 103 evangelistic work, 99 educational, NORTH AMERICA 41 medical and 36 industrial.

Tile Neglected Caddies Lut1leran8 and Cooperation AMONG the most neglected classes W HEN three Lutheran bodies of children in the midst of Chris- formed the United Lutheran tian institutions are the caddies who Church two years ago the matter of carry around the bags for millionaire interdenominational relationship was golfers. These boys work every after- left in abeyance. At the Conference noon in the week and all day Saturday held in Washington last fall the attiand Sunday. Most of them are so tude of the Lutheran Church was detempted by the money to be earned fined as follows: "It is our earnest that they entirely neglect church and desire to cooperate with other church Sunday schoo!. Their surroundings bodies in all such works as can be reare often unwholesome, the conversa- garded as works of serving love, tion on the links is sometimes corrupt- through which the faith of Christians ing and their idle moments are usually finds expression; provided, that such spent in gambling and degrading con- cooperation does not involve the surversation. render of our interpretation of the Gospel, the denial of conviction, or the Some clubs are taking the matter in suppression of our testimony to what hand and endeavoring to better condi7 we hold to be the truth." tions: A few unselfishly prohibit the use of caddies on Sunday. In the The Conference declared that there Montclair (New Jersey) Golf Club, were organizations and movements the local Y. M. C. A. has undertaken

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

into which the Lutheran Church could objects in their work in eastern Tennot enter, but which the Church could nessee: to offer boys and girls an eduheartily commend to its members as cation that will raise them far above important spheres of activity for illiteracy; to make the mISSIOn Christians, such as movements for so- schools demonstration centers from cial and political reform, the enforce- which state schools may receive inspirment of law and order, the settlement ation and to develop capable leaders in of industrial conflicts, the improve- the educational field. Greater results ment of the material environments of thus far have been attained in the first life, and the like. two than in the third, but spiritual gains the present year are most en- Mennonites Migrate Again couraging. Since September 1st near- ly thirty persons have publicly accepted MENNONITES in Manitoba, Can- Christ. . ada, are preparing to move to Mississippi this spring because the A New Mission to Indians Canadian government has passed laws compelling Mennonite children to at- T HE National Indian Association tend public schools. These Mennonites has been in existence for forty-one use the German language in their re- years. Its aim is to start mission Jwork ligion and hence have been accused of among tribes of Indians where no Dro-Germanism. They have been other Christian body is working, and driven from country to country since when the work is fully established and the founding of the sect in the early the needed buildings are erected, to part of the sixteenth century. It trans fer the station to the permanent originated in Holland, from which it care of a denominational mission spread to Germany. Its followers Board. The Association has done this were driven from there because of frontier work in fifty-two tribes and conscientious objection to war and parts of tribes, and has erected sixtywent to Russia in the latter part of the two buildings. eighteenth century. When Russia's policy changed in the nineteenth cen- A new station was opened the past tury they came to America, the ma- year among the Chippewas and Crees jority of them settling in Canada. of Montana. A mission cottage and There is not a little opposition to their chapel have been put up, and a "fresh settling in the United States. The air" room equipped for the use of sick American Legion and other patriotic Indians who need special medical atorganizations have urged the Gov- tention from the missionaries. ernor of Mississippi to withdraw his welcome and his religious liberty guar- The Continent antee, but to no avail. The Japanese in California The Continent T HAT the Japanese are not at pres- Tennessee's Educational Need ent a menace in California is evi- dent from the fact that they comprise A TENNESSEE educator in an only seven per cent of the population. appeal for better schools in his The married Japanese in California state says that never before has Ten- number only 15,211, and more white nessee been. in such need of educa- children are born in one year than tional readjustment. He pictures there are Japanese born in that state almost hopeless conditions, both in the in ten years. The Japanese in Calimatter of equipment and teaching fornia own only one-three-hundredths force, and further states that the so- of the farm land, and cultivate only cial and religious life of the rural com- one and one-half per cent of it. munities is decaying because the schools exert no influence. One of the hopeful features of the problem is the fact that there are The United Presbyterian Board of seventy-two Christian churches and Home Missions is striving for three preaching places among the Japanese, and about 2,500 church members in

California. Those educated in public children, the Bible and missions and schools eagerly adopt American ideals, women's work. The authors include language and customs. Unfortun- Robert B. Speer, Arthur J. Brown, ately, Japanese (not American born) Jean Mackenzie, Helen Barrett Mont- cannot become American citizens, gomery, Mrs. Caroline Atwater Mason though many desire to do so. Many and others.

of the Japanese are interested in pro- moting the best American ideals. The Power of the Press They should be treated in a consider- T HE distribution of evangelical ate, Christian spirit, and not driven to periodicals in Spanish-speaking anti-Christian and anti-American at- South America, according to Mr. John titudes. Ritchie, of Lima, is at present Argen-'

ISLANDS OF THE SEA tina 7, Chile 3, Peru 4, Colombia ,3, For Chinese in Manila Venezuela 2. Of these a few are small sheets for free circulation. If ST. STEPHEN'S MISSION, es- two thousand persons subscribe for 'a tablished by Bishop Brent, of the periodical, it is safe to estimate that it Protestant Episcopal Church in 1903 has three thousand readers. Mr. for the Chinese of Manila, is the only Ritchie has personal knowledge of mission of any denomination among several conversions, and of groups of more than thirty thousand Chinese. believers and inquirers called out and There are two Chinese races in Man- organized in some instances without ila, differing in language, so that we the personal intervention of any misshould have separate congregations sionary, through the ministry of for them. A large majority are from Christian papers. Southern Fukien and speak the Amoy language. St. Stephen's services have South America always been held in this language. Ve have over 170 communicants, and Missionary Substitutes A a girls' school with more than 200 PLAN for sending substitute missionaries as a memorial tribpupils. ute has been worked out by E. H. MISCELLANEOUS Gates, of Flushing, New York, whose Twenty Years of Mission Study son, Lieut. Gordon Dow Gates, was ON FRIDAY evening, January killed by falling from his aeroplane at 14th, the Women's United Mis- Southern Field, Georgia, in 1919.

sion Study Committee celebrated their Lieutenant Gates' faith in Christ and twentieth anniversary. This commit- his desire to be a missionary furnished tee was formed at the suggestion of the inspiration to his parents for send- Miss Abbie Child in connection with ing a worker to take his place. In the Ecumenical Conference in New view of the value of native evangelists York in 1900. Twenty mission study they decided to send money for the books have been issued and two mil- support of six. The plan expanded lion copies have been sold. Of the six- so that within a year after the young teen authors all are still living, and man's death fifty-two had been pro- many of them were present at the an- vided for,-thirty in Afdca, fifteen in niversary and spoke a few words of India, five in China, one in Palestine greeting. These books have been a and one in South America. These valuable contribution to missionary have been placed through sixteen dif- literature, and include studies on mis- ferent organizations. The average sionary history in India, China, Japan, cost of each substitute is $44 a year.

Africa, the Islands and Latin Amer- Mr. and Mrs. Gates hope to make this ica; comparative religion, the Near a permanent work, increasing the num- East, sociology, medical missions, ber of substitutes as rapidly as pos- missionary administration, work for sible.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Japanese-Chinese Debate sion station abroad. Today, there are 42 stations and 421 outstations located AT A receI1t'debate arranged by the in Africa, China, India, Japan, Tibet, Committee on Friendly Relations the Philippines, Mexico, the West Inamong Foreign Students a novel fea- dies and South America. As some t'Jre was that the Japanese took this one has said, Dr. McLean found his affirmative on the question "Resolved, own church non-missionary, even antithat the Chinese as a nation and as a missionary in some quarters, and left race have stronger elements of char- it ranking high among Protestant acter than the Japanese." The Chi- bodies in amount contributed annually nese students spoke on the negative to world missions. He was the side, thus giving the unique exhibition a~th?r of eight important volumes on of Chinese extolling the Japanese and mISSIOns. the Japanese extolling Chinese character and achievements. WOMEN TAKE NOTICE!

OBITUARY India has 27,000,000 child widows,- do I think them out of my reach? William Jessup, of Syria There are 27,000,000 children in the REV. WILLIAM JESSUP, D.D.. United States not in Sunday school, eldest son of the late Dr. Henry -do any of them live on my street? Jessup, died in the American Hospital in Beirut, on December 12, 1920, one Some 20,000 missionaries must be sent month after the passing of Dr, F. H. out in the next five years,-cDuld Hoskins, with whom he had been inti- my talents and training count? mately associated in the Syria Mission for the past thirty years. Dr. Jessup United States has spent $25,000 for was born in Syria in 1862, was gradu- every Indian killed in Indian wars; ated from Princeton Theological Semi- -is spending $1 per Indian per year nary in 1890 and in November of the for education,-how much of that same year arrived in Syria. He served $1 do I give? as a touring missionary, with his headquarters at Zahleh, Lebanon, until Protestant religious instruction of 1914, when he was transferred to children averages 24 hours per year; Beirut Station, as Professor of The- Catholic, 200 hours per year; Jewology in the Beirut Seminary. He ish, 250 hours per year,-what proserved but one year in this capacity, as portion of that 24 hours do I give? the war necessitated the closing of the seminary. Dr. Jessup also made a Three-fourths of the women of the special study of Turkish law and world can not read or write,-what represented the mission in its relations am I doing for the other three in with the government. my squad?

A. McLean, of Cincinnati Our sisters in Mexico say: "Take the news of conditions in Mexico to the DR. ARCHIBALD McLEAN, Christian women of America,-they President of the Foreign Chris- will do the rest,"-do I deserve such tian Missionary Society and an out- a tribute as that from Mexico? standing missionary leader of America, died December 15th at Battle Yearly in the United States, 260,000 Creek, Michigan. Dr. McLean was babies die of preventable diseases, born December 26, 1850, and was -what is that to me? graduated from Bethany College, West Virginia in 1874. When he be- Over 24,000 is Dr. Mary Stone's recgan his work with the Foreign Chris- ord for patients in one year in China, tian Missionary Society in 1900, the and she is a smaller woman than Disciples Church had not a single mis- most of uS,-am I working out of proportion to my size?

Union Cplleges for Women in the Orient now number six,-,-do I have a personal interest in anyone of them?

l!JBRAmr_ ~.THE MKSSJ[ONARY

~ ~ • iiUii" 'U'VCI "ooo'iARi' 'iSW"""6'iJtj oi.iiAfZ Medical Missions. By Bishop W. R. Home Mission Trails. By Jay S. Stowell. Lambuth, M.D., F.R.G.S. 12mo. 262 12mo. 208 pp. The Abingdon Press, pp. $1.00. Student Volunteer Move- New York. 1920. ment, New York. 1920. One of the most important fields for The lrterature on medical missions educating future missionaries and supis still meager. Dr. Lambuth has the porters of missionary work is the advantage of having been a physician, a missionary, an administrator and a Sunday-school. Home missions are bishop of the Church at home. He is full of heroic incidents and dire need a forceful writer, and knows how to present the facts. The appeal is made that make a powerful appeal to growbecause of the tremendous need in ing, glowing young people. Mr. Stownon-Christian lands; the training of the medical missionary, the equipment ell describes particularly Methodist necessary and the secret of abiding results in the work are described. Ap- Home Mission Trails for those who pendices deal with important ques- seek to interest young people in the tions, statistics, findings of the World's great field. The pen pictures of the Medical Mission Conference, bibli- work and incidents from history are typical of work in other fields, and are suitable for interesting readers in the whole task.

ography, etc. It is the most complete Mr. Stowell first describes the work study of the subject up to date. of a pioneer missionary in New Mex- Missionary Survey. By R. Allen and T. ico and Arizona, and the conditions and progress there today among Mexi- Cochrane. 12mo. 183 pp. $2.40 net. cans and Mormons. The growth has Longmans, Green & Co., New York. been remarkable in some of these 1920. fields. The work among Mexicans in This study does not present the re- sults of surveys of the field, but is a California is marked by an organized clear and forceful presentation of the church, clinics, "good will" industries, need for such surveys and the methods kindergarten classes, clubs for boys by which satisfactory results can be and girls and other activities. Many obtained and interpreted. It is a book conversions have resulted, and some of special value to survey committees. of the stories are told. Another field The Near East; Cross Roads of the described is in Imperial Valley, Cali- World. By William H. Hall. 12mo. fornia, where Americans, Mexicans, 230 pp. Interchurch Press, New York. Hindus, Negroes, Chinese, Japanese 1920. , and others are found among the set- Professor Hall, who was Principal tlers.

of the Preparatory Department in Mr. Stowell further describes the important work for the American In- Syrian Protestant College, Beirut, and dians in the western states where a worker in Near East Relief, gives us a clear picture of the conditions following the war in Asia Minor, Syria, Methodists are working, the missions Palestine, Persia, Arabia and Mesopo- to the Negroes, North and South, and tamia. He describes the Near East for immigrants in the eastern states. peoples, their home life and religions, These chapters are. brief sketches the general results of missionary work rather than studies; hurried glimpses and the need of the present day. It rather than surveys, but they show is an excelient textbook for mission many points of interest and impor- study classes. tance on home mission work.

336

THE 1IISSIONARY LIBRARY

Enlisting for Christ and the Church. stan while engaged 111 relief work. Howard Agnew Johnston. 12mo. 180 His valuable study of the Kurdish pp. Association Press, N ew York. language will be a great help to many 1919. missionaries. The English phonetic pronunciation is given for words, with There is no work so important as exercises for translation into Kurdish the bringing of men and women into and also short stories illustrating personal harmony with God. Dr. Kurdish style. Johnston has had many years of experience in this service. and has col- Triumphs of the Gospel on the Belgian lected the results of his thought and Congo. experience in these fifteen weeks of daily studies on personal work. They One of the most successful missions are intended for classes. but will be in the Congo independent state is that valuable for pastors, Sunday-school of the Presbyterian Church (South). teachers and other personal workers. The story is one of great interest, and Dr. Johnston apth- describes the "lost" is here wen told by a missionary of as those not knowing the Vay of God. eight years' experience. It is a story This book points the way. of faith and struggle, of sactifice and' victory. The form in which it is pre- The Church and the Community. By sented is rather that of a report, or Ralph ;E. Diffendorfer. Paper, 50 outline study, than of a continued nar- cents. Cloth, 75 cents. 177 pp. Coun- rative, but it is interesting none the cil of Women for Home :fissions, less. New York. Christianity the Final Religion. By These studies are the result of the Samuel M. Zwemer. 12mo. 109 pp. Interchurch Home ~Iission Survey Eerdmans-Svensma Co., Grand Rapids, and are by the Director. They em- Mich. 1920. phasize the need for community social centers and social sen-ice. This is no 1Iany are today discounting the doubt important, and the studies are necessity for faith-the importance of illuminating, but while Dr. Diffen- creed. Dr. Zwemer, who has shown dorfer emphasizes the Christian mo- his faith by his works, msists on the tive, he seems to overlook almost prime importance of what one believes. altogether the need for personal evan- These lectures are excellent presentagelism. tions of the relation of Christian faith to Christian service. The author- The Powers of Darkness. By .. ::I1il- missionary shows the character of the dred Cable. Pamphlet. 6d net. China Gospel and the place of the Cross in. Inland Mission, London. 1920. thought, life and service. He has no use for a denatured Gospel, or a These are observations on demon- Christless social service. ology by a'missionary in China. They are worthy of careful reading before Hainan-The Island of Palms. Sketches one ventures to follow the modern of the Presbyterian Mission, South fashion of attributing the cause of all China. Pamphlet. Commercial Press, such phenomena to purely psychic and Shanghai. mental diseases. These observations relate to instances closely akin to ~ew Hainan is about the size of l'ew Testament demon possession. Jersey, and lies off the southern coast of China. This pamphlet describes A Practical Kurdish Grammar and brieflv the island, its climate, fauna Vocabulary. By L. O. Fossum, Ph.D. and flora; the people, their homes, 12mo. 279 pp. Lutheran Orient So- dress, habits and religion the mission- ciety, Minneapolis, Minn. 1919. ary work and its results. The story is well told and well illustrated. The Kurdish language includes several dialects, spoken in eastern Tur- (Continued on pa,qe 339.) key, western Persia and Khorazan. Dr. Fossum died last year in Kurdi- In the Spring Read Books EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS That Give NeuJ Hope CHAT for. the Coming Year (Continued from page 259.) Facts for Your Missionary THE UNTRIED DOOR Addresses by Richard Roberb A Review of World Conditions ….

Dr. Roberts goes strnight to the heart 01 the present social …………………. D. L. Pierson Question by SUyillg th[lt we Imve lleV'er tried Christia.nity. This is not a. trite saying but one thaI SbOW8 the courage of tile relll Missionary Cooperation … Roba-t E. Speer Christian. After ninetee!) centuries of preaching and prtlc- tieing he prefers admitting that he has h:!led, to 8.dUlt~ttllg The Call for :len ……. Robert P. Wilder that bis cause has failed. We have in practice loved 1H~lther our God llor our neighbor better than ourselves. Women's Colleges in the Orient ….

Price. cloth fBl.50. . ………. Margaret Hodge THE SOCIAL MESSAGE OF THE BOOK Literature for Non-Christian Lands OF REVELATION by Raymond Calkins . .. ……………….. Alice :I. Kyle For the soclal worker, the minister. the teach'eT fightiHg' against "the hosts of wickedness" to the individual Christlllll Revelations from Recent Snrveys .. who dot's not know how be is to overcome the evil he Inust face. tbere is liD inspiratiQlI in the Bible to be comJHtrerl wi~b c. ………………… Walter Laidla' that of this BODk of ReveJ.etiotl. It is n book of grOla.t histone interest to the student of the New Testament. The Near East Situation …. V. Vickre" The Menace of Mormonism …….. . rrfcOl. pllper $1.00; doth $1.5') …………… Mrs. G. W. Coleman FUNDAMENTALS FOR DAILY LIVING The Home Mission Sitnatiotl …… . by Robert Seneca Smith • . ……………. Chas. L. Thompson A text book for intermediate and advance it groups, Some tTf the chapter headiugs are: Orientals in America ….. George L. Cady Thinking nnd Living. The American Indian …… R. W. Roundy Fatherhood of God. Faith: thOl Key to Abu8daut Livillg. Latin America News , ……… S. G. Inman Love: the Supreme Motive of Life. The Power of the Holy Spirit, *** l'rice til he IU1JlflUllcer] Do 1I0t forget that )Ve will send you free two volumes of facts 'about home COURAGE and foreign missions (The Vorld Surveys of 1920) library edition-if by Jeannette Markll you will send us the names and ad- dresses of ten persons who you believe A working llbiloaophy of life full of cheer and inspiration; lJOt 'would be interested to subscribe for dull or prefl('hy but 8 happy, vigorous little volume ~orth its the REVIEW. Enclose twenty cents for postage. These volumes are valu- weight in gold. PrIce $1.50. able and are illustrated with maps and charts-just what you need. They Book.hops Everywhere or cost hundreds of thousands of dollars to prepare. Send toda'Y. Address THE WOMANS PRESS The Circulation Department.

600 Lexington Ave. New York City Don't You Know Something I interesting-some item of mission- *** ary news that would interest others? Do not forget that you cannot af- ford to miss the feast of good things Have You .Photographs to come. Advise your friends to illustrating some home or foreign subscribe-Note a few of the impor- missionary work or events which you feel would interest Missionary tant topics and authors- Review readers. A Missionary Hero in Central Africa $1.00 Will Be Paid (F. S. Arnot) …… Jean Mackenzie for each news item and photo- OUf Unfinished Task in America … graph accepted by the Review. · ……………… Various Authors The senders of photographs will be given credit for those published. International Problems and Missions Unused photos will be returned ………. ' …….. Various Authors on request. Send now to A Spiritual Cliriic in Arabia .. Paul Harrison NEWS AND PICTURE DEPT. Notable Japanese Christians …… .

Missionary Review of the World · ……………….. George Gleason The Mexicans in the United States .. 156 Fifth Ave., New York ………………… R. W. Roundy Ecuador-A Challenge ………… .

· …………. Webster E. Browning Adventures in the Mongolian Desert · ………………… W. R. Stewart *** Do not forget to send a subscrip- tion for yourself or your friend today.

Please' mention THE MISSIONARY RE:VIEW OF 'I'H"J; 'A!ORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY (Continucd from pagc 337.) ANNOUNCEMENT The Leper Problem in India. Pamphlet. We take pleasure in announcing to Cuttack. Orissa Mission Press, India. the many former customers of 1920. Underwood & Underwood, of New York City, that we have purchased The conference of which this is a the Lantern Slide and Stereoptic report was held in Calcutta last year Department of under the auspices of the Mission to Lepers. Fifty-seven delegates were Underwood &Underwood, Inc. present and their discussions brought out valuable information. There are, This entire valuable equipment of it is estimated, 150,000 lepers in India lantern slides and stereoptic goods -less than 10,000 of whom are in has been transferred to our headasylums, leaving 140,000 at large to quarters at Meadville, Pennsylvaspread contagion. AlJ interested in nia. With this world-wide series the leper problem will find this volume of negatives, combined with our of great value. own, we are able to serve the pub- lic better than ever. Our exten- Approaches Toward Church Unity. By sive list of lecture sets suitable for Norman Smyth and Williston Walker. churches, Y. M. C. A.'s, mission- 12mo. 170 pp. $1.25. Yale Press, New ary societies, popular occasions, Haven, Conn. 1919. etc., are available. Communicate with us for particulars. There are very many movements in favor of church unity. Those that Keystone View Company, Inc. advocate organic union require compromises that are not acceptable to Department L most Christians. These chapters are studies in the history of the move- Meadville, Pennsylvania ment, and as such are informing. They are not convincing arguments in HARTFORD favor of union. Christian unity and cooperation are, however, progress- W. Douglas Mackenzie, President ing in an encouraging way. Theological Seminary The Spending of a Thankoffering. Edited by A. B. Mynors. 8vo. 196 pp. Dean, M. W. Jacobus 4 shillings net. Macmillan & Co., New York and London. 1920. School of Religious Pedagogy The Society for Promoting Chris- Dean, E. H. Knight tian Knowledge (S. P. C. K.) of London, here gives a report of the use Kennedy School of Missions made of £352,OOO,-the gifts offered at the Pan-Anglican Congress in 1908. Dean, E. W. Capen It is an ideally presented report, with map and illustrations from photo- Through these associated schools Hartgraphs. The gifts were used in North ford offers full training for: ;md South America and many points in Africa, Asia and Australasia. They 1. The Christian mini~try, were largely used for schools, colleges, hospitals and industrial training.

American Bible Society Report. 1919. 2. The whole field of religious education. 3. The foreign field. The great work of Dible translation and distribution continues to grow, Each School has its independent faculty 6,040,707 Bibles and portions being and its own institutional life, and togetherissued by this Society in one year. In they form one interdenominational institu- 102 years the Society has issued 80,- tion with the unity of common aim and 962,887 volumes in America, and spirit. 53,188,943 in foreign lands.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVI~W DEI TH£ WORLD in writing to advertisers. Keep Informed on the Progress and Problems I•n Mohammedan Lands Send your subscription to-day for THE MOSLEM WORLD Edited by Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, LL.D., Cairo, Egypt APRIL NUMBER JUST OUT CONTENTS HOW IS RECONCILIATION POSSIBLE? S. M. Zwemer THE LAST DECADE IN MOSLEM WORK E. M. Wherry, D.D.

THE. NEW PERSIAN WOMAN Clara E. Rice MOSLEM RETROGRESSION Canon W. Hooper, D.D.

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Some Articles Worth Reading Among the feast of good things in the coming numbers you may expect the followin,g-do not miss them: Great Facts for Missionary Addresses Mr~. E. C. Cronk A Pioneer in Central Africa (F. S. Arnot) Jean Mackenzie Adventures Among Khorasan Robbers DWight Donaldson The Present Situation in Japan Paul Kanamori Venezuela–An Unknown Neighbor Webster E. Browning Adventures in the Mongolia Desert W. R. Stewart The Mexicans in the United States R. W. Roundy Some Notable Japanese Christians George Gleason A Spiritual Clinic in Arabia Paul Harrison • .~ ~~ — $2.50 a year; 25c a copy; CUT OFF COUPON . $2.00 each in clubs ," ~- AND SEND YOUR ; .". … — 4-21 of five. , .. " THE MISSIONARY …. ~ ~ ~",,~.. ~WtfeWORLD SUBSCRIPTION OR …….. . YOUR FRIENDS' 156 Fifth Avenue, New York.

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The Missionary Review of the World — March 1921

XLIV NUMBER

THE MISSIONARY VIEW, MARCH, 1921 ABYSSINIA, THE MOST ANCIENT MONARCHY c. T. HOOPER TWO MISSIONARY EDUCATORS IN SYRIA BY ONE WHO KNEW THEM THE EDUCATION OF JAPANESE WOMEN A. K. REISCHAUER WHAT I SAW OF THE FAMINE IN CHINA w. R. LAMBUTH TWENTY YEARS' PROGRESS IN PORTO RICO PHILO W. DRURY MIDDLE AGE MISSIONARY METHODS MRS. E. C. CRONK $2.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COpy MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY COOPERSTOWN,NEW YORK 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK

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CONTENTS FOR MARCH, 1921 Page FRONTISPIECE •.. , .••…………. ; ……. A S'I'A'I'!l PROC!lSSION IN ABYSSINIA EDITORIAL COMMENT ……………………………………………… 175 AN IN'I'ERNA'I'IONAL MISSIONARY COMMI'I"I'EE INDIAN CHRIS'I'IANS ON INDIA's UNRIlS'I'

A CONJ!!lR!lNCE ON HOME MISSIONS PRO'I'ES'l'AN'I' WORK IN SAN'I'O DOMINGO UNI'I'ED CONFERENCIl oJ! WOMEN WHY HELp CHINA'S FAMINE SUJ!J!!lR!lRS THll NEEDS OJ! UNION C6LLllGIls ABYSSINIA, THE MOST ANCIENT MONARCHy ………….. C. T. HOOPIlR 185 A picture of the land and people of a little known nation of Africa, an ancient Christian church and a modern missionary effort. Ill!tStrated from photographs.

TWO MISSIONARY EDUCATORS IN SyRIA …….. ONE WHO KNI<;W THEM 193 The work and influence of Dr. Daniel Bliss and his son, Howard Bliss, two Presidents of the Syrian Protestant College in Beirut. Illustrated from photo- graphs, THE EDUCATION OF JAPANESE WOMEN …………. A. K. RIlISCHAUIlR 199 The remarkable progress in Japan as shown by the position of women an,d their desire for a modern education-a need in part supplied by the Woman's College of Tokyo.

WHAT I SAW OF THE FAMINE IN CHINA …….. BISHOP W. R. LAMBU'I'H 204 A vivid picture of the terrible conditions in North East China and ~he need for help from America.

TWENTY YEARS' PROGRESS IN PORTO RICO ………. PHlr.o W. DRURY 207 A striking statement as to the changes brought about in Porto Rico since American occupation-a transformation ~(!rought in physical, int'Cliectual and moral conditions.

NEGRO AMERICANS AND THEIR PROBLEMS …….. RODNIlY W. ROUNDY 214 A report of present conditions among' American N egraes, including their migratory movements, their attitude toward radicalism and their tleed far prac- tical education.

CHARLES M. ALEXANDER AND HIS WORK …….. HIlNRI£1'TA M. HYSLOP 219 An account of the world wide work af the singing evangelist and promoter of the PackeO Testament League. .

WRITING TO THE CHURCH AT HOME ……………….. A MISSIONARY 223 MIDDLE AGE MISSIONARY METHODS ……………… MRS E. C. CRONK 225 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN …… EDI'I'ED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 231 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ……………………………………….. 235 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ……………………………………….. 251 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, SO cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1920, by Missionary l{evlew Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Cooperstown, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

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Copyrighted. 1921 Editorial and Business Chat Make World THE "REVIEW" AND THE MISSION Fellowship BOARDS AT THJl I'ORlIGN ,MISSIONS CONFJlRlNca At the Garden City meeting of the For- Programs Interesting eign Missions Conference, January 18-20, a report was presented by the special com- THE ULTIMATE QUEST mittee representing the Conference on the by Katharine Gerwick Paper. $.60 Editorial Council of the "Review," and resolutions were proposed which, on recom- A book whieh discloses the superficialmendation of the Business Committee, ity of the so-called differences separatwere unanimously adopted by the Confer- ing the women of various races by showence. The Report expressed a deep sense of the value of the "Review" to the mis- ing that God is found in the common sionary cause, and it was recommended desires and aspirations of women's that the Boards take steps to cooperate hearts. References, rea din gsa n d more effectively to promote the circula- questions for discussion follow each tion of the "Review" and to help solve its financial problem. It was recommended chapter. also that the standing committee be continued, and a special committee of three be WOMEN WORKERS OF THE ORIENT appointed to consult with similar commit- by Margaret E. Burton Paper. $.35 tees from the Federation of "Voman's Boards of Foreign Missions, the Home A valuable text-book which will supply Missions Council and the Council oi Women for Home Missions to devise the best possible outlines for programs means by which the work of the "Re- and study classes. Chapter headings: view" can be strengthened, and to report 1. Work Within the Home; II. The their findings to the several Boards for Wage Earners; III. Broadening Horitheir action. This special committee was zens; IV. The Trail Breakers; V. appointed, consisting of Dr. A. W. Halsev, Women Working Together; VI. The Dr. W. 1. Chamberlain and Dr. Joseph C. Robbins. The regular standing commit- Call for Leaders. tee of the Conference to act on the Editorial Council of the "Review" was SHANGHAI SKETCHES appointed, consisting of Dr. A. W. Halsey, Secretary -of the Board of Foreign by Jane Shaw Ward $.30 Missions of the Presbyterian Church, (North); Mrs. Helen Barrett Mont- Informing descriptions of the Y. W. gomery, President of the Woman's American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, Rev. C. A. ' ork in china with study outlines. Enoch F. Bell, Associate Secretary of the American Board of Commissioners fer Merry- Go- Round-the- Orient Foreign Missions, Rev. Artley B. Parson, New Edition Assistant Secretary of the Foreign Department of the Domestic and Foreign Mis- Fun formulas for Oriental entertainments; sionary Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church and Rev. Mills J. Taylor, Asso- Games-Stunts-Banquets-Programs ciate Secretary of the United Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. PRECIOUS FLOWER AND THE FLIES by Helen W. Willcox Some very encouraging words of appreciation of the work the "Review" is A dramatization of the effects Western doing were spoken by members of the Conference who testified to the value of education is having upon Chinese villthe "Review" in stimulating missionaries on the field, in helping to secure recruits, age life. Paper, $.20. by giving pastors and other workers in the .urch at home the information they need THE MAGIC CARPET ~ to missionary facts, principals and by Helen W. Willcox methods; and in general by uniting the Church in its missionary task and present- A simple pastoral play of the Near ing the whole problems and progress of home and foreign missions. The Federa- East, bringing in the story of rug weavtion of woman's Boards of Foreign Missions appointed as its special committee ing and its influence upon the lives of Mrs. William Boyd, Miss Margaret Hodge and Mrs. E. C. Cronk. the people. Paper, $.20.

AT THE HOME: MISSION COUNCIl, A CAMEL TRIP TO CAIRO by Helen W. Willcox The joint meeting of the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for A play dealing with a young Mohamme- dan girl's journey from her desert home Continued on p. 255 to Cairo, where she has her first glimpses of Western life and its ideals. Paper, $.20 AIR ROUTE TO BUENOS AIRES by Helen W. Willcox Delightful and interesting glimpses of life in South American countries through the eyes of girls who are taking the first air trip from New York to Buenos Aires. Paper, $.20 BUY A RELIGIOUS BOOK DURING RELIGIOUS BOOK WEEK MARCH 13–20.

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The Case of Korea CHINA, the Mysterious and Marvelous Henry Chung, A. M., Ph. D. By Victor Murdock Member of the Korean Commission to America and Europe Editor, Journalist, Congressntan, Chair~ man Federal Trade Commission A strong. apparently unanswerable indict- Dr. A. W. Halsey: The author has little Use ment, telling of massacres, persecution of for one who fails to see good in the mission- Christians. indignities to missionaries. and ary. He has an eye always open for the exposing the' real character of Japan's alleged graphic and pictorial. Present dry condi- Hreforrns/' and the unrelenting "efficiency" tions-economic, social, political–are pre- with which the Island EruDire is acting to sented as though from an intellectual kodak. crush every. Korean as. iration for national A book for Americans to read." independence. llIustrated, net $2.50 Illustrated, $3.50 Chinese Heart Throbs Men and Methods that Win In the Foreign Fields With In'roduction by Mary Stone (Shih Mei Yu), M D. By J. R. Saunders, Th. D. By Jennie V. Hughes The resuIt of years of experience, (his own Miss Hughes displays a rare insight into and and others); of workers bearing uron the svmpathy with the people of the land of problems of Foreign Missions, the conditions Sinim. Her work is instinct with the true of non-Christian lands and the kind of mis- missionary spirit rendered eminently readable sionaries needed to accomplish the greatest by many touches of literary grace. results. The book is an examination of the imperative need of the foreign field. Illustrated, net $1.50 Net $1.00 A Star in the East Reminiscences of Daniel Bliss An Account of American Baptist Mis- sions to the Karens of Burma First President of the Syrian Protestant College, Syria Edward Norman Harris Edited and Supplemented by His Dr. Howard B. Grose says: "Have read this book with exceeding interest. It strikes me Eldest Son as ouite out of the usual order of missionary books. It is enlightening and unusually read- The story of his early days; his term of serv- able, clearly broad-spirited and with an intelice, as missionary of the American Board, in lectual grasp of conditions." the Lebanon; his more than sixty years of association with the famons l'eirnt institu- Net $t.75 tion) etc. A Moslem Seeker After God Illustrated, net $2.25 By Samuel M. Zwemer, F.R. G.S. The Dawn of a New Era in Syria A volume of intensely interesting data con- By Margaret McGilvary cerning the Iif~, infl ence and teaching of the great Persian mystic AI-Ghazali, one of the A deeply interesting account of what hap- very greatest figures in the Mohammedan pened in Syria during the past five years. world. A notable addition to literature on Not a mass of hearsay evidence. but authentic this subject. data vouched for by reliable and credible witnesses. This book possesses historical, mis- Illustrated, net $2.25 sionary and political significance of more. than ordinary value.

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A STATE PROCESSION IN ABYSSINIA-THE MOS'r ANCIEN11

A Prince is riding through the main street of the capital, Addis Abeba

~THE

EVIEW~ VOL. MARCH, 1921 NUMBER XIV THREE AN INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY COMMITTEE A GAIN the .official representatives of th.e Protestant Foreign Missionary Boards of North America met in their annual three days' session at Garden City, Long Island, to discuss the progress and problems of mission work in non-Christian and Latin American countries. The Chairman was D,r. Stephen J. Corey, .Secretary of the F.oreign Christian Missionary Society, aId the Seeretary was Mr. Fennell P. Turner, Elxecutive Secretary of the Committee of Reference and Counsel.

One of the most important topics of discussion was the formation of a new "International Missionary C.ommittee," to take the place of the Edinburgh" Continuation Committee," and to be made up of representatives officially chosen by the various nationaf Prot- estant missionary organizations of North America, Great Britain, the European Continent and other countries. This plan is the outgrowth of the Conference of missionary leaders at Cranz, Switz- erland, last summer. The proposal is that the International Missionary Committee be established .on the basis that the only bodies entitled to determine missionary policy are the Inissionary societies and Boards, and the churche'S in the mission field; and that the Committee be constituted by the national missionary organizations in the different countrie'S entitled to send representatives. The sixtyeight representatives proposed for each country are divided as follows: North America Conference Switzerland Great Britain and Ireland Conference Norway Australasia Danish Missionary Council South Africa Missions Committee of Finland German Missions-au~schuss Belgium France Japan Continuation Committee Dutch Committee of Advice China Continuation Committee Swedish General Missionary Conference India National Missionary Council 175

Two out of the three representatives each from Japan, China and India 'Shall be natives of these countries.

The Committee will function internationally, and the members of the Committee will not take action as national groups, though they may be called together by the officers of the International Committee for purposes of consultation, if this should seem necessary.

The functions of the Committee shall be: (a) To stimulate investigation on missionary questions, to. enlist in the solution of these questions the best knowledge and experience to be found in all countries and to make the results available for all missionary societies and missions.

(b) To heip to co-ordinate the activities of the national missionary organizations of the different countries and of the societies they represent, and to bring about united action where necessary in missionary questions.

(c) Through common consultation to help to unite Christian public opinion in support of freedom of conscience and religion and of missionary liberty.

(d) To help to unite the Christian forces of the world in seeking justice in international and inter-racial relations, especially where politically weaker people are involved.

(e) To be responsible for the publication of the International Review of Missions .and such other publications as in the judgment of the Committee may contribute to the study of missionary questions.

(f) To call another world missionary conference if and when this should be desirable.

The Committee shall ordinarily meet every second year, but a special meeting of the Committee may be called or the regular meeting postponed if the Committee of Reference, after con'Sulting with the cooperating missionary organizations, are satisfied that this is desirable. The Committee shall appoint a Committee of Reference to act for it in the intervals between its meetings with the right to fill vacancies in it'S own membership. The annual budget and the conclusions of the Committee shall be reported to the national missionary organizations of the sending countries for their approval, and no independent action shall be taken or pronouncement made by the Co:m:mittee except in matters of urgency and only when the representatives Of the national missionary organizations are confident that the action or pronouncement will commend itself to the organizations they represent.

The national missionary organizations are asked to approve of the following as a special committee to make preparations for the first meeting of the International Committee and to act until that committee has met (some time in the present year in North America): Rev. C. C. B. Bardsley. Rev. Bishop Hennig, D. D.

Rev. J. L. Barton, D. D. Rev. Frank Mason North, D. D.

Pasteur D. Couve. Rev. J. H. Ritson, D. D. Dr. Karl Fries Rev. Principal Gandier, D. D. Rev. Paul de Schweinitz, D. D. Dr. Robert E. Speer Zendingsdirektor J. W. Gunning, D. D. Rt. Rev. Dr. Talbot.

Mr. F. H. Hawkins

EDITORIAL COMMENT

with the Chairman, Secretaries and Acting Treasurer named in the following paragraph. -! _ The conference also recommended the appointment of Dr. John R. Mott as Chairman and Mr. J. H. Oldham as Secretary of the International Committee, the Rev. A. L. Warnshuis, D. D. as Asso- ciate Secretary and Mr. James M. Speers as Acting Treasurer.

The' Emergency Committee of Cooperating Missions will con- tinue its present functiorrs until the above plan has received the general appr-oval of the national missionary organizations in the different countries.- The national missionary organizations are asked to approve of entrusting the following tasks to the International Missionary Committee = ea) Further consideration of present restriction on missionary work with a view to taking such steps in cooperation with the national missionary organ- izations in the countries concerned as may lead to their removal or allevia- tion.

eb) The thorough study of the present position of Christian education throughout the world in view of the rapid extension of state systems of edu- cation as set forth i'n the statement, "The Missionary Situation after the War." (c) Consideration of the steps necessary to bring about international cooperation in the provision of adequate Christian literature for the mis- sion fields.

(d) A study of other problems involved in the relations of missionaries to political questions as outlined in the staterrient, "The Missionary Situation aft- er the War."

ee) A study of the attitude and policy of the missionary movement in relation to the growth of industrialism in Asia and other mission fields, and the social problems arising therefrom.

CONFERENCE ON HOME MISSIONS N OONE) who attends the Conference of the Home Mission'S Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions can fail to realize the immense importance, variety and scope of the task before the Church of Christ in evangelizing and Christianizing those who live under the" Stars and Stripes." At these Conferences the great needs and the weighty problems are discussed; facts ar.e presented and solutions proposed. There are not only the problems of such frontiers as Alaska, the mining and lumber camps, southern mountaineers, migrant workers and rural communities; but there are the problems of evangelizing and educating the 12,- 000,000 and more Negroes, the 135,,000 Indians (over 40,000 of them untouched) and 1,500,000 Spanish speaking peoples, the 3,000,000 Jews, the Chinese, Japanese and Hindus and millions of other immigrants from Europe, who are ignorant and need the preaching of the Gospel, Christian instruction and general upbuilding.

The importance and difficulties of these tasks can 'Scarcely be ovp,r estimated. If they are not undertaken adequately and promptly, the Christian civilization of America is threatened, as well as

America's influence in the world. The task is much too great for anyone denomination to complete. All must work together.

Cooperative study and action with a view to solving these pro~ lems characterizes the work of the Home Missions Council. Com- mittees, representing.various Boards, are formed to s,tudy various phases of the question, and their reports are the main features of the annual Conferences, in which men and women hold joint and separate sessions. Recommendations are made which are referred to the constituent Boards for their action.

The Council meetings this year were held in New York, Janu- ary 12 to 14, Dr. Charles L. Thompson and Mrs. F. S. Bennett pre- siding. One address' was given by Dr. Harry Emerson Fosdick, who spoke on "Home Missions for the New Day," and urged that the Church of Jesus Christ has an international viewpoint and an eco- nomic message; that it must help in a larger way to handle the Chris- tianization of the multitudes now coming to America from other lands. We should renew our emphasis on the old truth that human nature can be transformed by Jesus Christ, that folks can be con- verted. This is the reason for home mission activity.

Dr. Walter Laidlaw, Secretary of the New York City Federa- tion of Churches, gave an address on "The Present Status of Re- ligious Bodies in America," in which he compared the government religious survey of 1916 with the census made in 1906, showing that , unless religion is more widely diffused among the people of our great cities there is little hope for the future of the nation. In the lower East Side of New York City, there were more Protestant church members in 1916 than in 1906, but there are now more Jewish synagogues in this section than there are Protestant churches on the whole of Manhattan Island.

Among the items of interest brought up at the Council meet- ings are the following: Reports were made and appeals were voiced in behalf of the Negro, who is moving away from the drudgery of southern rural life, and is seeking a place in the northern states.

Attention was called to the thousands of immigrants who return to Europe after living in the United States without learning to speak an in- telligible sentence in English, This raises the question of our responsibility for the people dwelling in America, and yet never becoming one with us.

Prayer, Bible study, stewardship, personal community work and pub- licity for evangelism are back of the "Porto Rico for Christ" Movement.

The largest single action in mission work for the year has been the formation of a United Mission Board for Santo Domingo.

Training schools for rural ministers have proved a boon to country preachers.

Day-of-prayer programs for Women's Boards have been a great spiritual stimulus.

The work of winning young women to Home Mission service is progress- ing. The fourteen interdenominational schools of missions conducted in dif- ferent parts of the country under the united leadership of representatives of

EDITORIAL COMMENT

women's organizations of twenty-nine different denominations had a registration in 1920 ranging from 122 to 1,318.

Cooperation in training native leaders for Spanish-American work in the Southwest is essential if the results already achieved are to be conserved and increased.

The increased knowledge of rural sections given by the surveys challenges the Church anew to provide a ministry for vast unoccupied fields.

The American Negro, educated by the Church, is now asking the Church to help him realize the vision of democracy held up before him as he was emerging from ignorance.

Plans for better church buildings printed by the Council have been received with enthusiasm.

The allocation of Indian Missions to various denominations is resulting in better service.

Only the best trained missionary can serve effectively in Mormon fields. The overlapping of denominational work for Orientals on the Pacific Coast is to be deplored and should be corrected. 'the work done for farm and cannery emigrants revealed conditions unbelievable in a Christian country. The campaign of recruiting for the Home Mission force is opening the eyes of college men and women to real opportunity for life service in a field seldom before brought to their attention. The survey on the cities showed a wealth of material for guidance in adequately ministering "where cross the crowded ways of life."

The general committee of immigrant aid at Ellis Island is unifying and c;trengthening the religious work done for the newly-landed. A firm foundation for practical working together has come out of the year's experience of the Committee on New Americans.

Alaska still waits for the interest it needs of both the State and the Church plans are being perfected to divide responsibility in that vast peninsula.

The Home Missions Council is endeavoring through its publicity department to interpret the purpose and practice of great evangelical bodies in their effort to hasten the Christianization of the United States by the elimination of duplicated work, by providing a Christian ministry where there is none by means of allocating tasks and territory, by the standardization of common tasks, by the interchange ~f experience and plans, and by the building of a forward-looking program that is concerned more in results for the Kingdom of God on earth than in denominational aggrandizement." Denominational cooperation is growing and henceforth there will be a joint meeting of the Executive Committees of the two Councils of men and women twice a yea,r. There is a joint Administrative Committee, to which common interests are referred and which names the chairmen of joint Standing Committees. And a joint budget is also prepared for the joint work of the two Council's. Cooperation is to be sought with the Foreign Missions Conference and the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions in establishing a joint Bureau of Information and Publicity in the matter of legacies to missionary agencies.

UNITED CONFERENCES OF WOMEN T HE increasing spirit of cooperation among denominational mission Boards is evident in the conferences that bring together the various agencies which face similar tasks from different points of view. These conferences bring together workers to consider related problems, and to formulate interdependent plans and policies. The joint session of the Executive Committees of the Federation of Women's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America and the Council of Women for Home Mi.ssions, which met in New York in January, wa's the first time that these women's home and foreign agencies have been brought together. For many years, while some denominations have united their home and foreign mission work under one organization, there has been generally a distinct line of cleavage between the two spheres of service, so that the foreign mission task and mission work in the home 'land have had few points of contact. The January joint meeting, however, reviewed as a unit the recent achievements in unification of methods, discussed plans for increase in efficiency and planned the lines along which advance should be made.

The influence was evident of the United Day of Prayer for Missions, which was inaugurated in February, 1920, and which was observed again on Fehruary 18, 1921. There is need for a united policy in state and local women "s church and missionary federations, and in their relation to city federations or councils of churches; Other topics of vital interest and importance to the work of both the Home and Foreign Mission agencies pointed out the need for future joint sessions, and plans were laid for another similar meeting at an early date. Joint committees are now responsible for s()me phases of the work, and there will he joint sessions of the Executive Committees of these two organizations, representing woman's missionary work throughout the world.

INDIAN CHRISTIANS ON INDIA'S UNREST A T A time like the present when men's minds are excited and their passions are aroused by real or fancied wrongs and by ambition for power, it is profitahle to look to the foundations of our convictions, and to tone down our ambitions to meet the requirements ·of Christian ideals. The members of the National Missionary Council of India, Burma and Ceylon have recently sent out a statement that should have the effect of quieting and stabilizing the Christians of the Indian Empire. The princ'iples include (1) the oneness of humanity as the basis of society in God's plan; (2) the infinite value ()f each human soul as shown by the death of Christ for all; (3) the duty of each illdividual to serve his fellow-man; (4) equal justice for all in industrial.and political relationships-

EDITORIAL COMMENT

the employer and employee, the governors and the governed; (5) unity in national life secured by the hearty cooperation and good will of all, and the avoidance of oppression, violence, suspicion or intimidation; (6) the realization of international brotherhood and the elimination of self-aggrandizement and unfair competition, (7) the responsibility of the stronger and more favored to help the weaker and backward race,s without exploitation ·or injury; (8) the purpose of Christ to give more abundant life and liberty to all, so that each individual and nation may develop in usefulness socially, politically and spiritually. After a confession of failure to practice these principles, or to attain these ideals" the members of this Indian Christian Society make the following appeal: "We appeal for just and sane judgments, both of men and things. It is not just to judge a century by some of the months in it, a whole nation by certain of its members, or its whole history by a few of its pages. The history of every imperial power contains pages stained and disfigured; we do not pretend that the history of the British Empire is an exception to this rule. But the fact is beyond controversy that, now for a long time, it has been characterized by an ever growing tendency to grant to its component parts increasing measures of self-government. The Empire is becoming a Commonwealth of Nations, and those nations are learning to regard themselves as a family. The attention of the llritish people is now turned to India, and we believe that there is a general and sincere desire among them that India should have full self-government, as soon as possible. We urge all the inhabitants of this country, both foreigners and Indians, to accept with goodwill the recent changes in the system of Government, and to do all in their power to make the new conditions a successful stage in the progress toward that goal. Given mutual good-will on the part of both ra~es, and confidence in each other's intentions, the future will be bright with promise.

We call upon all men, in the name of God, to lay aside all race hatred, and class hatred, upon which it is impossible to build any solid structure, social or politicaL We utter a solemn warning against the desperate and false contention that the inequalities of the existing order can only be removed by violence and blood. The truth is that society cannot be reconstructed by breaking the elementary laws of God. We utter an equally solemn warning against the inclination, which is one of the evil legacies of war, to trust to force as the means of pro~ curing obedience and maintaining authority. The truth is that Society cannot be saved by force, apart from that reasonableness and equity in Government and Administration, which win the hearts of the people.

We beg all our fellow citizens to turn to God, Who created them to be brethren, and to seek from Him, who alone can give it, the power to love as brethren and in love to serve one another. By that power we can find the way out of our anxieties. In His light we shall see light.

This is advice which all of us would do well to heed-men be- come restless in proportion as they fail to have confidence in God. Self-seeking and violence decrease in proportion as we realize that all men are brothers whom Christ J esu·s came to save.

PROT'ESTANT WORK IN 8ANTO DOMINGO A LET'TER to Miss Nellie M. Whiffen, one of the few American missionaries in the Dominican Republic, has brought the fol- lowing statement of facts: The following churches are doing missionary work in the Do- minican Republic : Wesleyan Methodist of England, the Free Meth- odist of North America, the Moravian, the African Methodist and the United Brethren of Porto Rico.

The work of the Wesleyan Methodist Church is confined to the coast towns. Their services are conducted almost exclusively in English and their work .is among Negro Protestants who-either the present residents or their ancestors-have come to this country from nearby English-speaking islands or are descendants of a negro colony that came from the United States nearly one hundred years ago. At present, they haye but one foreign missionary, Rev. William Mears of Puerto Plata, services in most of their churches being conducted by local preachers. They have churches in Monte Cristi, Puerto Plata, Sanchez and Samana.

The Moravian Church has work in Santo Domingo City, San Pedro de Macoris and La Romana. Their services are also in English and their work is among English-speaking Negroes.

The African Methodist Church has work in Samana and Santo Domingo City. Their work is in English and for English negroes.

The United Brethren Church has sent workers from Porto Rico, who have missions in San Pedro de Macoris and La Romana. Their work is in Spanish and', I understand, is meeting with success. There is, also, in San Pedro de Macoris an independent Spanish mission, the pastor of which is a Porto Rican. ' . In Santo Domingo City, there is an Episcopal Church with services in English. In the capital city the only Protestant church having services in Spanish is the Adventist. They, also, have recently opened a mission in Moca.

The Free Methodist Church conducts work in Sanchez, and in the interior. It is a mission to the Dominicans and the services are in Spanish. There are now on the field ten American missionaries-two men and eight women; also an American teacher. Two missionaries, a man and wife, are on furlough and a new missionary, a woman, is expected in October of this year. Two Dominican workers, a man and wife, give full time to the work and are supported by the Missionary Board. Another man, native of Venezuela but since boyhood a resident of this country, assistant traffic manager of the Samana and Santiago Railroad, is one of our pastors and hopes, soon to give full time. Two other native pastors receive no salary. This church is conducting services regularly in the following towns: Santiago, San Francisco de Macoris, Sanchez, Pimentel, Palmar, EI Ranchito. There are also, groups of members but without regul;j,r pastors in Moca, La Ceiba, Alta Mira and La Fundacion. In Santiago, there are two mission buildings in which regular Sunday and week-night meetings are held; also, a week-night gospel service in another part of town. There are three Sunday-schools in different parts of town and on in the country.

In San Francisco de Macoris, there is a church building capable of seating three hundred persons, a hqme for the missionaries and pupils and a school building. Last year, a large building was also rented to furnish accommodation for the eighty-seven boarding pupils.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

In Sanchez, a new church building is nearing completion. The work has been largely evangelistic, but much attention has also been given to the school. Of the missionaries now on the field, three are nurses.

The Free Methodist Church has 211 members. Last year's report gives four hundred thirty as receiving religious instruction regularly and five thousand, seven hundred who receive instruction occasionally.

There is an independent movement called The Dominican Missionary Association. This is not a split from the Free Methodist church. It has churches in Moca arid Salcedo and several groups of converts throughout the country. .

The almost continuous revolutions for many years made mis- sionary work difficult; for months at a time traveling was impossible and the missionary could do little more than stay on the field.

Since the American occupation in 1916, the country is improv- ing in many ways. The education of children is now compulsory.

Better city and rural schools have been established and the system of education is constantly improviI!g.

The government is establishing hospitals for the poor. These are to be thoroughly equipped in charge of American dQctors and nurses with training schools for Dominican nurses.

Santiago, Puerto Plata, San Pedro de Macoris and La Romana are lighted by electricity; Santo Domingo City has an inferior service for the streets. Santiago and Puerto Plata have good water systems.

Good automobile roads are being put through the country. There is now a road from Monte Cristi passing through Santiago, Moca and La Vega. A road is being constructed from Santiago to Puerto Plata; and another from La Vega through Bonao to Santo Domingo City. There are two railroad lines; from Puerto Plata to Moca and from Moca to Sanchez. There are, also, short lines in the southern part of the island.

From the missionary's standpoint the great need is the gospel of Christ. All of the towns and many of the country places of the Northern District have been visited by Gospel workers. The greatest need is in the southern part of the island where with the exception of San Pedro de Macoris and La Romana the gospel is carried to the Dominicans only on occasional evan~elistic trips.

There is much that might be done to uplift the people by instruc- tion as to the evils of intoxicating drinks and tobacco, social vices, the necessity of hygiene in the home, the home care of little children and the sick. There is need of wholesome reading and diversion.

The government and the American Red Cross are planning to meet some of these needs. Of the English Negroes, there are probably seven hundred or eight hundred Protestant Christians and of the Dominicans about five hundred. The work is still difficult. But the stoning of buildings and workers that we so often experienced in earlier years is now rare. The bitter opposition a.nd persecution that

the first converts suffered is not so often met with now. In visiting in the homes, instead of being met with, "I do not wish to change my religion" we often hear, "I cannot become a convert because I cannot give up my vices" or "I cannot forgive as you do. "

Miss Whiffen who lives in Sanchez has been a missionary of the Free Methodist Church in the Dominican Republic since 1908. She states that the conditions there are not as black as they have been painted and that for at least thirty years Santo Domi~ican towns have been connected by telegraph. and for over twelve years there has been a public telephone system. In Santiago and other towns most well-to-do people have telephones in their homes and places of business. There has also been for many years cable connection with South America and New York. Methods of travel are everywhere not so primitive as represented since it is possible to journey by train from Puerto Plata on the South to Moca on the North in seven or eight hours, and automobile roads connect various points.

The 1917 census showed that fifty percent of the inhabitants were literate and since compulsory education was introduced the illiteracy has been steadily decreasing. The educational system is in ascending scale from primary grades in country districts, reaching the eighth grade in larger towns and to hig~ schcols in Santiago and Santo Domingo City. .

The actual conditions in the island-especially moral conditions -are deplorable, but they can be bettered only by the sympathetic help of Christians who recognize the good qualities of the people.

WHY HELP THE CHINESE FAMINE SUF.FERERS B ETWEEN fifteen and twenty millions of human fellow beings are in danger of dying of starvation in China. They are s,tarv- . ing, freezing and dying of disease, but millions of lives can be ,saved if we who have enough and to spare will respond immediately to their appeals for help. It is unthinkable that Christians will fail to respond. First, because our brothers and sisters, including little chil- dren, are .sta.rving and freezing. Second, because Jesus Christ, our Lord and Saviour, ·identified Himself with suffering humanity by feeding the hungry multitudes, by healing the "Sick and by declaring that if we have ministered to the least of these His brethren we have done it unto Him.

Third, our missionaries in China claim to be ministers of Christ and to manifest His love for humanity. If we fail in this extremity, how can we expect the Chinese to listen to and believe our message?

Fourth, sympathetic help at this time will be a wonderful means of revealing the love and spirit of Christ, and will open the hearts of the Chinese to receive the Bread of Life, which will save them from p,ven greater famine of soul.

LIDJ YASSU OF ABYSSINIA IN ROYAL

Abyssinia-The Most Ancient Monarchy BY C. T. HOOPER, PORT SAID, EGYPT Agent of the British and Foreign Missionary Society A BYSSINIA, the old Kingdom of Ethiopia., is, perhaps the most ancient monarchy in the world. It has a peculiar posi- tion in Africa beca.use of its marked physical characteristics. The stronghold of this revived power is a great highland region, roughly triangular in shape, between the Red Sea and the basin of the Nile-a country that has never been properly surveyed.

From an aeroplane Abyssinia would appear like a huge group of wrinkled knobs on a table-land at an elevation of 7,000 feet ·or more, from which peaks, topped with snow and rooted in rocky glens and gorges, rise in some cases to over twice that height. Though 185

volcanic energy appears to be no longer active, on the east side it has done much to shape the wildly-broken features, among which lava plains, crater lakes, hot springs, and other volcanic phenomena are still evident. In the wet season heavy rains sweep down the mountain sides and rush through the stupendous gorges, to be lost in the plains beyond. Differences of elevation naturally give Abyssinia a great range of temperature, and of variety in climate. The products of the country follow the same variation, ,so that in the lowlands are found the aloe, ebony wood, thomyacacias, etc., and higher ;up we have' grain fields and pasture lands: On these heights the full force of the African sun is. not felt, so that Africa's scourge (fever) is not found there. Indeed, but for mountain-sickness it would be one of the healthiest countries in the world. The cattle are exceedingly fine, the horses very beautiful, the mules stronglimbed. Birds of every size and color are seen, and there are many wild 'beasts of various kinds.

A century ago, what we now know as Abyssinia was 'Split up into Tigre on the north, Amhara in the center, Shoa on the south, and other communities (each more or less turbulently independent under their own princes) on the east. This state of things was ended by Theodore, who, about the middle of the century, succeeded in subjugating the rival Rases, and was recognized by other nations as monarch of Abyssinia. After Napier's succe'Ssful expedition to Magdala in 1868, Theodore committed suicide, and John, Ras of Tigre, was allowed to proclaim himself emperor. This prince warred successfully against his Egyptian neighbors, but in 1889 was killed by the Mahdi's dervi'Sh horde. His supremacy had never been admitted by Menelik. II, King of Shoa, who came forward as his successor, and mastered t4e anarchy into which the country had fallen. Menelik II, Emperor of Abyssinia, took the title of Negusa Negust-"King of Kings"-having successfully united the states of AbY'Ssinia. . This genial Shoan, coming down from the mountain fastness of Entotto, built his capital on the open ground, naming it "Addis Abeba~' "The New Flower" and, with an iron hand, crushed all his enemies. He built up his empire internally and externaJ.ly, calling his own ministers, and regulating the various departments of government like a European ,sovereign. A heavy calamity fell on the empire when the death of this monarch was announced in December, 1914: Menelik's grandchild, Lidj Yassu, became Negus, but in the autumn of 1916 when this king was absent from the capital on a visit to Harrar, in the south, a meeting was summoned, at which th.eArchbishop, Abuna Mattheos, and all the Abyssinian chiefs were :p.te~ent. The Abuna released the people and their chiefs from their SOIElnl.n oath of allegiance to Lidj Yassu, who was declared to be

ABYSSINIA-THE MOST ANCIENT MONARCHY

deprived of his inheritance, the throne of Ethiopia, and in his place Zowditu, the daughter of the late emperor, Menelik II, was elected Empress of Ethiopia. The reason for this transfer of the throne is said to be unfaithfulness to, and intrigue against, his country by Lidj Yassu, who was secretly supported by his father, Ras Mikael. The father and son together quickly organized open rebellion against the government. This was terminated in a big battle north of the capital, that re'sulted in the government's favor.

THE ABYSSINIAN CHURCH OF ST. GEORGE IN ADDIS ABEBA, THE CAPITAL The Church of Abyssinia claims high veneration for its antiquity. Tradition says that the earliest evangelist of Abyssinia was that treasur'er of Queen Candace whom Philip baptized on "the way that goeth down from Jerusalem unto Gaza." We are on surer ground when we come to the historical work of Frumentius and Adesius, twD wandering missionaries from Egypt, who reached Abyssinia in 330 A.. D. Within ten years of their arrival remarkable and wide-spread results had followed their preaching. The king himself had submitted to baptism; two-thirds of the heathen temples in his kingdom had been turned into Christian churches. In 340 A. D. that great father of the Eastern Church; Athanasius, who was then Patriarch of Alexandria, consecrated Frumentius as first Bishop of Abyssinia. From that time forward the Abyssinian Church has always called its chief bishop out of Egypt.

Thus it was not by force of arms, llor by treaty, but by con- 'viction, that the people of Ethiopia were led to adopt the Christian faith. This explains their tenacious hold of Christianity through so many centuries of darkness and superstition. Abyssinia claims the unique distinction .of b€ing the only Christian African kingdom.

Three hundred years later Mohammedanism swept over Arabia, Syria and Egypt. In the seventh and eighth centuries this new power surged round the Christian realm of Abyssinia, and 'Succes- sive caliphs made futile onslaughts upon its territory. They ut- terly failed to penetrate the recesses of Ethiopia proper, whose mountain fastnesses proved an asylum for a harassed Christian people. Thus, as Gibbon says, "Encompassed by the enemies of her religion, the Ethiopians slept for nearly a thousand years, forgetful of the world by whom they were forgotten."

In the latter half of the fifteenth century there arose the greatest curiosity to penetrate this mysterious Christian realm. The secret was solved by a Portuguese expedition led by the noble Marquis de Covilha. In 1487 he stood face to face with the Emperor of the Ethiopians, and obtained trading privileges for his nation. Soon Jesuit missionaries arrived in Portuguese ,ships. The Christians dif- fered from the We'Stern Church in doctrine, as well as in practice, but their cardinal heresy lay in deferring to the Patriarch of Alexandria rather than to the Pope of Rome. The Jesuits did their utmost to win Abyssinia to papal obedience. In 1603 a king succeeded to the throne who professed the Roman faith, but when the Jesuits at last essayed methods of persecution and coercion the people rebelled, and the king was compelled to abdicate in favor of his son, who, in 1633, banished Jesuits and Portuguese alike from his domains.

For two hundred years longer only two Europeans are known to have penetrated into the heart of the country. One was Bruce, the famous traveler, who reached Gondar, then the capital, in 1769, and his travels still give an authoritative account of the people and their customs. With the nineteenth century, scientific, political and religious missions from Europe began to reach Abyssinia. For over one hundred years the British and Foreign Bible Society has been working for Abyssinia, for within a few years of its foundation it succeeded in getting into friendly communication with the Abyssinian Church. They printed in Ethiopic first the Psalter (in 1815), then the four Gospels, and in 1830, the New Testament. Meanwhile the Church Missionary Society had designated two missionaries, oGobat and Kugler, to Abyssinia, and had despatched them to Egypt, to await an opportunity of traveling to their destination. With them went several thousand copies of the Ethiopic Scriptures, supplied by' the Bible Society. At Cairo, Gobat and his companion came acr.oss an Abyssinian and his servant slowly dying of disease and neglect.

1921J ABYSSINIA- THE MOST ANCIENT MONARCHY

In pity, the missionaries took these lllen to their own humble quar- ters, and nursed them back to health. The Abyssinian was an envoy from his chief, Ras Saba Gadis, to Muhammad Ali Pasha of Egypt, and was himself a governor of a district. He immediately wrote to his chief, telling how he had been befriended. In reply there came a cordial invitation to Messrs. Gobat and Kugler to visit Ras Saba Gadis in his own country. Throughout their journey from Massowah every attention and hOllOr was paid them. An escort of soldiers was 'provided with mules to ride, and transport for baggage, which included several camel loads of Scriptures. In February~ 1829, Go- bat ~w rites : "We found all our luggage safely in the best house of the place. The prince received us with open arms, and a3 long as he lived he was most kind to us."

There is no space to tell of Go- bat's labors, his journeys and his Scripture distribution. Instances are mentioned where persons gave all their property in order to pur- chase a New Testament. One man gave hilS two oxen for a copy of the Gospel; another gave four ox- en in exchange for the book.

The first complete version of the Scriptures in the Amharic vernac- ular language of Abyssinia was prepared at Cairo in 1809. The French Consul there was a scholar and a linguist, M. Asselin de Cher- ville, who became interested in the THE ARCHBISHOP OF THE ABYSSINIAN lcaenl. vgeudagteheofdeAS'blgynssi0nfiat, raaInnsdta'croung- CHURCH some book into the colloquial dialect to make it known among the learned of Europe. He decided upon the Bible as the best book for his purpose, and among the Abys- sinian pilgrims on their way to Jerusalem he dis·covered a sick old man, friendless and poor, who proved to be of the greatest possible assistance in the task. Abu Rumi (for that was his name) had w'andered as a merchant over Egypt, Armenia, Persia and India. He was a ma.ster of his own vernacular, as well as of other languages.

Out of gratitude to M. de Cherville, Abu Rumi engaged to do what no pecuniary reward would have induced him to undertake. Patient toil for ten years ace.omplished the laborious task of translating the whole Bible into the Amhari c vernacular. The British and Foreign Bible Society in London purchased the translation for £1275, and the

manuscript of nearly a thousand folio pages reached London in 1820. The Amharic Gospels were published in 1824; the New Testament followed in 1829; the Old Testament was then edited ap.d issued; and, in 1842, the first complete Amharic Bible was published by the Society.

In 1855 Prince Casai contrived to seat himself securely on the throne of Abyssinia, taking the title of Emperor Theodore II. The promise of his youth was darkened by habits of intoxication and cruelty; and a crisis came when Theodore laid violent hands on the British Consul, missionaries and envoy. After years of negotiations a British force under Sir Robert Napier landed, and marched to Magdala, which was stormed on Good Friday morning, 1868. The prisoners were relea:sed at the last moment, but Theodore died by his own hand.

Much of interest could be said regarding the inhabitants of Abyssinia, but we must content ourselves here with noting that they are a nation of warriors, shepherds and peasants; brave and unaooustomed to restraint; strong and enduring when at work; fierce and cruel when they take up the more congenial business of bloodshed. Slim in build, though tall, and chocolate-brown in color, the Abyssinian wears linen trousers coming half-way below the knee, and a shirt over which he throws a loose toga called a "shamma." Menelik set the fashion of wearing a wide-awake hat, which makes an incongruous contrast with the native costume. The dress of a woman is a folded wrapper that covers all the body. They are fond of necklaces, anklets, rings, charms, etc. Their hair is done up in elaborate plaits, which are greased by placing a pat of butter on the top of the head to melt in the sun. The effect can be imagined, which is seldom pleasing to the nose of a westerner, seeing that rancid butter plays a more active part in their toilet than soap. The man's proudest ornament is a curious crooked sword, which he wears on the right side, mounting his mule on the left side. Lances, daggers and spears are the native weapons, though latterly rifles and cartridges 'are fast becoming the commonest means of defense. The people eat raw meats, hot peppers, ,etc., and drink a kind of beer called "tedj," made from the honey of bees. They have religious prejudice against smoking, but use tobacco for snuffing and chewing.

What is being done to bring the Mes'Sage of Life to these people? In the Italian province of Eritrea in the north the Swedish Mission has a very active center at Asmara, with several outlying stations in that province. Here they have a healthy church and schools, together with medieal work and a printing press. During 1917 the Rev. J. Ivansson posted the following encouraging neW'S: "There is a promising religious movement in the interior of Abyssinia, especially among the Moslems, of whom ahout 10,000 have, during the last five or six years, received Christian baptism from the Abyssinian Church. The

ABYSSINIA-THE MOST ANCIENT MONARCHY

center of – the movement is in Sokota, in the Amhara country, where the apostle of the Christian Movement, the ex-sheikh Zaccaria, now called Noaye Kristos, a person of great influence, is established. Two of his disciples, also ex-sheikhs, Alaka Paulos of Tigre and Alaka Petros of Sokota, visited us last January, especially in order to acquire copies of the Holy Scriptures, and to consolidate their acquaintance with evangelical Christians. It is worth noting that this religious awakening is of an evangelical character. The first cause of the awakening appears to have been the study of the Holy Scriptures distributed by the British and Foreign Bible Society in Abyssinia. These new Christians, not being satisfied with the ancient form of the Coptic Church, are very desirous to study the Bible, and have organized from among themselves a numerous body of teachers, said to number about five hundred, with the object of teaching their youth to be able to read the Scriptures."

A member of this same mission obtained leave from Menelik to stay in Addis Abeba, where he died in 1919. Early in 1920 the mis- sion sent up three more workers to the capital. .

Dr. Lambie of the American United Presbyterian Mission, working on the upper reaches of the Nile, has also been invited to take up work in Abyssinia.

The British and Foreign Bible Society are pouring into the country a steady stream of Scriptures from three sides. The books are provided in IDthiopic, Amharic, Tigre, Tigrinya, Galla, Kunama, Harti and Ogaden. The Society now has its own depot in Addis Abeba. In 1914 the writer visited Abyssinia and obtained from the Archbishop of Abyssinia a written permission, bearing the gov- ernment seal of authority, to establish a Bible-depot in the capital for the distribution of the Holy Scriptures throughout the land. A central site has been purchased already, and a depot now exists and is doing good work. A recent journey of -over 900 miles from Kharlum into Abyssinia, by a colporteur of the Society, resulted in the sale of 23 Bibles, 106 Testaments, and 710 portions-a total of 839 copies, in six languages, and of the value of £30-11-1. The time occupied was 84' days, and the expenses incurred in traveling were £7-12-8. Apart from these agencies mentioned nothing whatever is being done to give the living Gospel of Christ to the people of this great country.

What is the true condition of the Abys:sinians ~ Of the missionary the Abyssinians ask: "Why do you come to us? We are Chris- tians. Pass on to the heathen and the Moslem." From their point of view this contention is just. But let us remember that they know nothing whatever of true Christian life. They are strangers to the saving power of Christianity. The whole Bible to them is much the same as the Old Testament is to the Jews. For centuries they have tried to live upon the rites and ceremonies of their church, without the sure light and guidance of God 's Word. While Ethiopia is timidly in touch with western civilization it is at the "Same time not far removed from savagery.

What should be done? We must not forget that, whatever op- position has been shown to the missionaries, the vantage ground of approach is great, in that the Abyssinians have nothing but welcome for the Bible which we cherish. Here, then, is the starting point for the worker. The two great crying needs of these people are easily seen. First, there must be a wider distribution of the Scriptures in the languages of the country. Secondly, Bible teachers are re- quired. But to seek to enter the country designated as a "mission- ary," or a "preacher," would, in all probability, close the door. However, to devoted men -and women, with a passion for souls, call- ing themselve"S "readers" or "teachers," and prepared to live humbly among the people, there would be a warm welcome, and a way for unfolding the Gospel message of Life in Jesus Christ.

Surely among these eight million people one sees a needy field for wise and tactful workers, prepared to stand clear of all eccles- iastical and political questions; refraining from active interference with the worship and the usage'S of the people, leaving God's jBook to' accomplish lits own mission-to win a nation for God. This great inland African kingdom, which has for so many centuries successfully checked the inroads of Islam into its own territory, may be the mighty, God-ordained power to break down the scourge of Islam in Ce.ntral Africa.

NUGGETS FROM RECENT ADDRESSES "We need today an efficient Church in which we are no longer satisfied with a Boanerges in the pulpit, a prima donna in the choir and a selfish millionaire in the pew." Rev. Joseph A. Vance, of Detroit.

"We need today something of the same spirit of adven- ture which the Pilgrim Fathers had. If they had put on the Mayflower the motto" Safety First," they 'would never have reached this country." -Bishop William Lawrence.

"The question confronting our country churches is whether ultimately the forty million of our American people who are engaged in agriculture-and there will never be less-are to live in a civilization that is wholly Christian or largely pagan. "-President Kenyon L. Butterfield.

"The Pilgrims founded a religious community with com- mercial principles, while the Dutch who came to New Amster- dam founded a commercial colony with religious principles." -Henry Van Dyke.

"The statesmanship that is needed' today is the states- manship of the Golden Rule. The Church is the only institu- tion that can furnish it. "-Rev. James T. Vance.

FIRST BUILDING OF THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF

The College Hall was the first erected on the campus. It contains the library, dormitories and class rooms for the three upper classes of the School of Arts _and Scicnces~ and the wireless telegraphy apparatus. There is now a "time ball" on it~ set by wireless messages from Paris.

Two Missionaries and. Educators in Syria A Brief Account of the Work of Daniel Bliss and His Son Howard Bliss in Syrian Protestant College The following sketch of two well known and honored educators in Christian missionary work is written by one who was in close touch with both father and son who can therefore write intelligently and sympathetically of them and theit" work.-EDITOR.

I N THE fifty years' work of Daniel Bliss, as President and Presi- dent-Emeritus of the Syrian Protestant College–now re-named the American University of Beirut-his seven years' work as missionary of the American Board was a logical, indi~pensable preparation. The College was begun as a missionary college; t has been carried ~m as a missionary college; the spirit of its trustees and faculty today guarantee that it will continue to be a missionary college. It is a child of the American Mission, and for many years the majority of the pupils received their early training in American and British mission schools. While welcoming students of other faiths- Moslems; Jews, Druzes-Dr. Bliss hoped that the majority might continue to consist of Christians-Protestant, Greek, Maronite and others. He lived to see this majority lessen and since his death the 193

majority has become a minority, hut the body of mission-trained· students still gives. the tone to the institution.

The birth of the College is thus described in the Reminiscences of Daniel Bliss (pp. 162, ff.) : "During the years 1861 and 1862 the Reven~nd Dr. William M. Thom30n and I frequently conversed on the subject of higher education for Syria and the Arabic-speaking peoples of the East. Experience had led the missionaries to regard with little favor the plan to educate men out of the country * * * It was manifest that missionary societies, depending mainly for their support on small contributions, given for the direct preaching of the Gospel and for teaching children enough to enable tehdeumcattoionrea*d*u*ndIetrstwanads insgeleyn, could not divert their funds for this higher from the * * first that funds to establish such an institution would have to be furnishedfrom America and England * It appeared evident that a Board of Trustees, legalized by some responsible government, w* a*s *n.ecessary to give confidence in an enterprise calling for large donations "At the meeting of the Mission on January 23,1862, Dr. Thomson brought up the subject and suggested that Mr. Bliss be the Principal. It was th~n vot¢ that Messrs. Thomson alintderaBrylisisnsbteituatiocnomtombiteteleoctaotedprienpaBreeirautm*in*ut*e in relation to the contemplated On; Monday, January 27, the committee in their report recommended the establishment of a literary institution of a high character, to be guided and guarded by the combined wisdom and experience of the Mission, and that this important project should be submitted to the Prudential saCnocmtimonitt*ee*o*f the American Board in Boston for their consideration and A correspondence with the Secretaries in Boston and others brought out the * * * following points: that it was most important that the .establishment of * * * the college should not jeopardize the training of a Christian ministry that as, owing to the demand of the country, the creation of a higher institu- tion was inevitable, it was essential that the first of the kind should be estab- lished by Protestants, not by Jesuits; that the pupils should be educated with reference to the business which they might propose to follow, as ministers of the gospel, lawyers, physicians, engineers, secretaries, interpreters, merchants, clerks, etc."

A bill to inoorporate the Syrian Protestant College and Robert College (Constantinople), introduced into the Assembly at Albany, was signed by Governor Seymour on May 14, 1864. The College was opened with a service of prayer on Decembtlr 3, 1866, and the next autumn the Medical School was launched. The keynote of the President's religious attitude was struck in hi.s speech made on December 7, 1871, at the laying of the corner-st0ne of the main building: "This College is for all conditions and classes of men without regard to color, nationality, race or religion. A man, white, black or yellow: Christian, Jew, Mohammedan or heathen, may enter and enjoy all the advantages of this institution for three, four or eight years; and go out believing in one God, in many Gods, or in no God. But it will be impossible for anyone to continue with us long without knowing what we believe to be the truth and our reasons for that belief."

The condition of the College at the time of his death in 1916 may be seen in a quotation from the Reminiscences (pp. 215-216) :

-DANIEL BLISS-FOR FIFTY YEARS PRESIDENT AND PRESIDENT-EMERITUS OF ·

SYRIAN PROTESTANT COLI.ECE AT BEIRUT 195

"During his thirty-six years in the active presidency, Dr. Daniel Bliss had seen the evolution of the College from a group of sixteen students, housed in a few rooms, to a body of six hundred and twenty-six men and boys, divided among five departments: Preparatory, Collegiate, Ctuotmorms e*rci*al*, Medical and Pharmaceutical; and taught by forty professors and The Campus * of forty acres spread, then as now, over the level top of a hill, and sloped down towards the sea * * The twelve buildings included the old College Hall with library, lecture rooms and dormitories; Assembly Hall, Medical Hall, ,laboratories, etc. The students came from all parts of Syria and Palestine, from the valleys of the Nile and the Euphrates, from Cyprus aBnrdaztihle*Is*le*s of Greece, from Asia ·Minor a nd Armenia, from Persia and from As President-Emeritus Dr. Bliss lived to see a considerable extension of the campus, the doubling of the number of buildings * * * the development of a Training School for Nurses, an increase in the student body to almost a thousand, and of the teaching and administrative force to about eighty."

So much for the objective side of the life of Daniel Blis~ The man behind the work is unconsciously revealed in his own "Remin- iscences" written in the peaceful years following his retirement from the active presidency. Here we see revealed that balance of quali- . ties that explains his power over faculty and students: gentleness and strength; sympathy and reserve; initiative and sillf-effacement; tact and authority; shrewdness and simplicity; ardor and prudence; zeal and patience; common sense and vision; wit and wisdom; this worldliness and other worldliness. He was ever a leader who cared nothing for leadership for its own sake. On his last visit to A.merica in his eighty-seventh year, a stranger, learning he was from Syria, exclaimed: "Then you can tell me something about the great Syrian Prot- estant College, founded by Dr. X." .

Dr. Bliss gave a brief sketch of the in'Stitution.

"But didn't you tell him that you were the chief founder 7"

a'Sked one of his sons.

"No, why should I ~ " he answered.

Daniel Bliss was a prophetic builder. His foundations were broad and firm enough to hear future superstructures. He never.

built anything that had to be pulled down. He never built anything that might hamper future construction. His choice of a campu'S is an illustration of his vision. He bought land, not for the small institution that was, but for the great university that was to be.

Daniel Bliss was a born educator. He knew the Oriental psy- chology. He remembered that Jesus Christ "Spake unto them in parables," and 'So s.pake as to illuminate and not to obscure the thoughts presented to his Oriental hearers. Beautiful illustrations of this method he has given us in that part of his Reminiscences de- voted to his Biblical instruction. "My title in the catalogue, he tells us, "is President, and Professor of Bible and Ethics. It would he more truthful though less classic to say, Professor of Story Telling. "

His preaching had that simplicity that seemed to ignore difficul-

TWO MISSIONARIES AND EDUCATORS

ties, alld 10! when the sermon was over imaginary difficulties had vanished. . With him the trees-and the underbrush I-never ob- scured the wood. His was the simplicity of the sea. In following him, you seemed to be stepping down a g'ently-shelving beach, into shallow water, and, before you knew it, you were launched into the unfath- omable ocean.

"Faith in God and faith in man"-these he tells us lay at the foundation of the College. He had both in abundance. Quaintly he remarks: "I cannot tell the philosophy of it, but trusting a boy makes him tru·stworthy. In those early days some one said to my wife, 'We cannot lie to Dr. Bliss because he trusts.us.' Possibly this may have been so."

The Reminiscences give illustrations of his original methods of discipline. His quiet influence and authority pervaded the campus. "I cannot keep order in my classes," onCB exclaimed an excitable teacher of French, "while Dr. Bliss just walks up and down the campus, to and from his business, and there is perfect order!" His power of reticence was ever his -strong asset, giving weight to his ,'fords 'when he deemed the time had come to speak. ' ,Never make yourself cheap" was a warning he often gave.

His choice of colleagues was justified by the results. "The College has always had," he writes, "and has now, a remarkable set of profes-sors and instructors, both foreign and native. With scarcely an exception they are very radical and very conservative; radical in proving all things, conservative in holding fast to that which is good." This conservatism was admirably illustrated in himself by his attitude towards the Syrian instructors. The program of the College at its inception fore-shadowed the ultimate turning over of the institution to full native control. Such was the radical step to which the College was committed. The wise conservatism of Daniel Bliss, combined with that of the majority of his colleagues, operated to postpone the carrying out of the program during his long pret-iidency. Steps involving more responsibility for the Syrian professors were taken during his lifetime, under his son '8 administration. Since the death of the latter the Syrian professors, have been admitted to the General Faculty. Similar conservatism will doubtless operate, slowly and wisely, in determining the date for taking the radical step of carrying out the full program.

The work of Daniel Bliss and the work of Howard Bliss, who succeeded his father in 1902 and who died in May, 1920, a veritable yictim of the war, were mutually complementary. Daniel Bliss was eminently the builder, Howard Bliss was the expansionist; and yet there was hardly an item in the program of the latter which had not been anticipated in the plans of the former. Moreover, it is interesting to note that the sudden numerical increase in the institution bE'gan three years before Howard Bliss succeeded to the presi-

dency. Fundamentally they were of the same stuff. Temperamentally they were very different. Where Daniel Bliss acted and kept silent, Howard Bliss was apt to act and explain. But by no means always. During the gripping years of the war, when a misplaced word inight result in disaster, the reticence of Howard Bliss extended even to members of his own household. But there is no doubt that his gift of self-revelation, exercised with a charm and frankness that disarmed the enemies of the College, saved the institution. His relations with the Turkish officials have been severely criticized. Policy donbtless' entered into these relations. But there was infinitely more than policy. As dear to him as the preservation of the institution was the opportunity to preach its aims and ideals to whomsoever could be made to listen, be he British, French, Turk or German. He talked religion, not religions, to that cold-hearted and cruel cynic and agnostic Azmi Bey, the Governor of Beirut, even as Paul talked religion to Agrippa. He looked far beyond the war, and passionately believed that its wounds could more quickly be healed if individuals of belligerent nations could remain on decent, human terms during the war.

Early in the year 1919, President Howard Bliss was summoned to Paris where he worked ardently in the interests of self-determination for Syria. At the request of President Wilson he preSented the claims of that beloved land of his birth before the "big ten." ;He. continued to speak for Syria in the United States, even up to the very day, February 29, when he was stricken with tuberculosis, which ended his earthly career on May 2nd.

Seldom has it fallen to the lot of a college president to watch. from hour to hour his own work carried on by his son. The ways of Howard Bliss were not always the ways of Daniel Bliss, but the father rested content in his faith in his son. The son consulted the father. As such times, and at such times only, the father counseled the son. Side by side they sat on the college platform. Together they walked in the commencement procession. Together they strolled over the campus and spoke of the trees and of the shrubs, of the graduates and of the students, of their mvn hopes and of their own fears. Together they galloped oyer the sand-dunes, or wound through the hoary olive-groves. Their souls were knit in a triple knot: the love of father and son" the love of their dear college, and the love of their Father in Heaven. Their memories will live closely entwined in the souls of their pupils, scattered over the five continents of this poor world for whose redemption they worked together.

Education of Japanese

BY REV. A. K. REI SCHAUER, TOKYO, JAPAN Executive Secretary of the Woman's Christian College of Japan O F THE many effects which the War has had on Japanese life none is, perhaps, more far reaching than that on education, and especially on the higher education of women. It is probably safe to say that the standard for the latter has been raj-sell by about two years. To appreciate this change one should keep in mind what the educational system was before the war.

First of all, there was the primary school system, with its course extending over a period of six years. The system was coeducational and boys and girls attended in practically equal numbers. Something like 98% of the children of school age were enrolled. The point we wish to make here is that the Japanese girl of the primary school age has had about as good a chance for an elementary education as her brother.

When it comes to secondary and higher education the situation was different. The paths of the boys and the gids diverged at the beginning of the secondary system. The boy entered the so-called Middle School, while the girl entered the Girls' High School, the very names indicating that the hoy was destined for a more prolonged training than the girl. The boy, after he finished his five years in a middle school could then enter the so-called Koto Gakko, a higher ;school with a three years' course and which pr.epared him for the regular university course three or four years in length in its under-graduate department and two or more years in its postgraduate work. Or, if the boy did not wish to pursue such a long course after leaving the middle school he could enter anyone of a variety of special higher schools with courses extending over three, four or five years. With the girl, the education ladder was much shorter after leaving the elementary school. As stated above, she entered the Girls' High School offering a four or five years' course, and when she had finis:k.ed this course she was expected, in ninetynine cases out of a hundred, to get married and perform the duties of a II good wife and wise mother," a,s the official phrase has it. There were, of course, the two higher NorIllal Schools maintained by the Government and a few private schools of the Juni{)r College grade which a few of the twenty thousand graduates from Girls' High Schools could enter, but there was not one single institution in all Japan which offered to the young w{)men anything like a real college education. Even the course in the High School was far from what we in America mean by a High School course. It was much inferior to the courses in the boys' Middle Schools, even though it was to bring 199

to a close the educational career of practically all the girls. And what made the situation still more unsatisfactory was the fact that in most cases people were quite satisfied with this difference in standards for boys and girls; and in many parts of the country the Girls' High School that offered a four years' course was more popular than one that gave a five years' course, for the certificate of graduation was the thing desired, rather than the education which it was supposed to represent. For a marriageable daughter (and in Japan all daughters are marriageable if you do not let them grow too old) a high school certificate was a social a~set, even though it did not represent very much intellectual training; -in fact, if it had represented very much "strength of mind" it would have been anything but a dra.wing card in the marriage market, for the average Japanese husband does not want in his wife an intellectual companion but only a woman who will make him comfortable and assure a succession to the family. A recent Japanese writer saYis on this point, "They (wives) are taught to be obedient to their- husbands when married, and to their sons when they come to have sons. In a word, they are taught all the virtues of a slave. While women are enjoined to sacrifice all for the sake of men, men on the other hand enjoy the privilege of playing the tyrant over women."

But we are living in a new world today, and on all hands there are signs that the women of Japan will no longer be content to accept meekly what their lordly brothers and hUBband,s dole out to them as inferiors. And this spirit of restlessness and this demand for more of the good things of life is making itself felt most definitely, perhaps, in the field of education. The great industrial development that Japan hajS had a:s a result of the other nations withdrawing from the markets of the Orient opened many new lines of activity for both men and women. Many fields formerly occupied exclusively by men invited women workers. But for women to enter some of these fields successfully it was necessary that they have more education, especially of a practical kind. This led a number of Girls' High Schools to open isupplementary courses of one and two years in length; and more and more girls availed themselves of these supplementary courses, not simply to obtain a certificate of graduation and so stand !l .better chance in the marriage market, but rather to get an education and so fit themselves to earn a living, and in many cases to buy, their freedom and be in a position to refuse to marry if they did not like tbe cboice that their parents had made for them.

A great deal ha.s been said during the past year about the "New Woman" and not everything that has been said has been altogether complimentary. In fact, some of our Japanese men have been greatly concerned about this new type of woman and about the future of the male sex if this sort of thing should develop much further. A real crisis, they felt, was threatening their time honored customs

THE EDUCATION OF JAPANESE WOMEN

and institutions, for this new type ·of woman would no longer be meek and blindly obey her lord and master. Even young men who have drunk deeply from the fountains of Anglo-American culture were very much worried as to how harmony can be maintained in the home when the wife has a mind of her own and refuses to take her husband's word as absolute law.

But in spite of these fears on the part of the dominant sex which i" seeing its position of authority threatened, the woman movement has gone on and gathered momentum as it advanced. Even the con- servative educational department recognizes the fact that Japan can not hold her place among the nations of the world unless her women have greater initiative and are qualified to do much of the work that thus far has been done by men alone. The military au- thorities also see the point, for in time of war when the men are in tlle trenches the women have to take the vacant places, and in modern life many such places can be filled only by people with a certain de- gree of education. It is therefore not BO strange that the Govern- ment hal' recently decided to advance the standard for woman's edu- cation by about two years. The Girls' High Schools are to have advanced courses added of two and three years in length. The regular advanced course is to be of a general nature, but it is to be paralleled by several special courses giving training for very specific types of work. No details have been announced, and from what we have heard it would seem that the authorities are not at all clear in their own minds as to just what they want. It is an unusual op- portunity for pioneers who know how to lead off with a constructive policy. Christian educators, with experience in higher education for . women in the West, ought to be able to make a real contribution at this point.

What is, perhaps, even more 'significant than this change at the upper end of the secondary -system of education is the recent deci- sion on the part of the Imperial Universities to admit women stud- ents. One or two of the private universities are also throwing open a few courses to women, and other colleges and universities may follow suit. When a few years ago the Government announced its new expansion program for higher education which called for the e-stablishment of some thirty odd new colleges and the enlargement of existing schools, entailing the expenditure of millions of yen, we were amazed to find that none of these schools were to benefit the young wornen of Japan.' It simply showed that when the program was worked out the authorities were still thinking in terms of pre- war standards as far a-s the women were concerned. This recent de- cision to admit women to the universities therefore indicates how sentiment has changed in th~se two or three years.

The above decision is a great advance but it is easy to over estimate its value. As a matter of fact, it is not going to offer very

great advantages to the women of Japan, for the simple reason that these universities are already overcrowded, and that the best of them can be entered only through a system of competitive examination which often saps the very life blood .of even the strongest young men, and so it will not be an easy matter for young women to succeed, who are usually handicapped by an inferior secondary education and also by many household cares and family burdens from which their lordly brothers are free during their student days.

But taken all in all the situation today repr~sents a marked change over what it was only a few years ago, and it offers a unique opportunity for any group of educators who can lead off with a definite program both in secondary and in higher education. The establishment of a first class college for women at this time is therefore a matter of momentous consequence, not only by rea.son of the young women such an institution will send forth into the various walks of life, but because such a college will have a tremendous influence on the whole system of college education for women which is now beginning to take definite shape. Japanese institutions tend to become fixed and rigid when once es,tablished. It is therefore all the more important that in this formative period of higher education for women the best ~tandards and ideal'S be' set before the educational authorities, and this is what Christians have now an opportunity to do.

The Woman's Christian College .of Japan, founded in 1918, represents an effort to meet this situation. The College ha.s made a splendid beginning. It has as it's President Dr. Inazo Nitobe, one of Japan'ls leading educators and authors. Dr. Nitobe is now a member of the Secretariat of the League of Nations, and during his absence the Dean, Miss Tetsu Yasui, is acting President. Miss Yasui is a woman of sterling Christian character and recognized as Japan's leading woman educator. The faculty strikes a high average. The 194 students on the College roll'S represent all parts .of the Japanese Empire. About 50% come from Government High Schools and' the remainder from Mission and other private High Schools. About sixty-five per cent are pr,ofessing Christians. These students are enrolled in one or other of the following five courses: General Cultural Course, English Language and Literature, Japanese Language and Literature, Social Service and Bu'Sines's. As soon as the College is housed in permanent and more adequate quarters courses in Science, Household Science, Music, etc., will be opened. A number of electives are offered in all the courses. It is interesting to note that the subjects in which the students delve most deeply are Sociology and Philosophy. One of our American teachers in the College writes on this point a.s follows: "Questions pertaining to the position, of woman and her relationship to the various fields of labor are of tremendous interest. Ever since the College was established, a

· 1921] THE EDUCATION OF JAPANESE WOMEN

club composed of students has met once a week to discuss the problems confronting the women of today. To prove the sincerity of their de"Sire to better social conditions quite a large number of the students have been teaching in the Vacation Bible School this summer, conducted on the college grounds for Isome 200 children of the neighborhood. The social service course has attracted considerable attention, and the Social Service Bureau recently established in connection with the Ministry of Horne Affairs in the Imperial Cabinet is giving two scholarships to students in this department.

'The life of the College is in rather sharp contrast with what one finds in the average Japanese school for girls. The atmosphere of liberty into which the students come as soon as they enter the campus is a con"Stant surprise to them and so different from anything they have ever experienced. Student self-government helps to give them this sense ,of freedom, and they seem astonished to find that both officers and teachers treat them as beings able to reason, and expect them to think for themselves.

Another characteristic of the college life i"S its ;spirit of friendship. There is nothing of that cold stiffness which one often finds in a Japanese school. Not ,only students but many of the visitors frequently remark upon this.

The College is now in the third yea,r of its history. Although it ha"S not yet sent forth any graduates into active life it has already made for itself a large place in the thought of the womanhood of Japan, for it symbolizes to them in a real way the longings and aspirations of thousands of girls who are facing life witll a very different outlook from that which their mothers had. The motto of the College, chosen by the students themselves, is "Service and Sacrifice." This, it maybe felt, i"S a motto which fittingly characterizes what woman's life in Japan has always been, so why not select something new? Q~ite true, the life of Japanese womanhood has been largely a life of service and self-sacrifice, but in most cases lived out of sheer necessity. The educated womanhood of the future pledges herself to a life of service and sacrifice in the interest of an ideal she chooses-not out of necessity but voluntarily; and between these two there is a vast difference. It is the difference between the old fatalistic spirit of Buddhism, which clings to the very language of Japan in the frequently used expression, "shigata ga nai," "it can't be helped," and the Christian's free choice: "Now we ,that are ,strong ought to bear the infirmities of the weak, and not to please ourselves."

I Saw of the Famine In

BY BISHOP WALTER R. LAMBUTH Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South I HAVE recently returned from an extended visit to China, where I have seen with my own eyes the evidence'S of the terrible tmgedy in that land. The- four provinces in which the famine is most acute are Shantung, Chi-Ii, Shansi and Honan. There is a small famine area in Shensi. There are about a hundred thousand square miles where some fifteen million people are facing starvation. Thf' most sev-ere famine that has devastatEd China was, perhaps, that of 1877 and 1878, when eight million people perished from hunger, disease and cold. The area now involved is greater, and it is probable that more people will perish if relief is not promptly rendered.

The causes of the present famine are flood, drought and locusts. In some sections there have been four succeS'Sive droughts. Study of the physical geography of this area shows that the rain clouds pass from the sea, the rain being precipitated in the mountains near the sources of the Yellow River, and that the denudation of forests which has gone on for several hundred years has prevented rainfall in some districts while it has been the cause of floods in others resulting in great destruction of crops.

I recently traveled through Shantung and Chi-Ii by mule cart, horseback and on foot, and found conditions that almost baffle description. East and west of the Grand Canal lands were being sold for about one-third of their value and nearly all the animal'S had been sick, or killed for food. The people had pawned or sold their clothing for food in the face of the coming winter, since they would rather freeze than starve. The stuff that was being used for food would not last more than three or four week'S, and that consisted of nubbins of corn with fifteen or twenty grains to a nubbin. The millet was empty, a mere husk with no head. The people were eating ground corn cobs mixed with leave'S of elm, poplar or ash trees, and the little berry that grows on the ash tree. I found them eating thistles. A farmer whose wife was preparing this kind of a meal said: "I couldn't get my animals when I owned animals to eat the food I am putting into my own stomach"-; the consequences are, first, weakness, followed by dysentery-and ultimately death by starvation or disease.

In one village I met a woman of seventy-two whose husband and three sons had gone to beg. If they cannot get work or food by begging they will rob. In some of the villages it is now dangerous to travel. Robbery is increasing constantly.

204 Fuel, of course, is scarce. The people depend for firewood on brush and stubble. The stalks of the kaoliang and millet constitute their fuel. Not having had stalks for two years, they are tearing down their houses and burning them. In a few weeks these will be used up and then they face death from freezing as well as death from starvation.

Several organizations have been formed for famine relief in China. One is the International Famine Relief Association in Shang- hai, consisting ·of a mixed committee of Chinese and foreigners, foreign money going through the hands of the foreigners and Chinese money through Chinese hands. In Tsinan Fu there is a local organ- ization of missionaries and Chinese. In Tientsin there is the Inter- national Famine Relief Association and in Peking another Inter- national Famine Relief Association consisting of both foreigners and. Chinese, and the members of the Legations. There is also the Red Cross which is undertaking to build a road from Tehchow on the railroad from Pukow to Tientsin. Dr. F. F. Tucker of Tehchow is the local agent of the Red Cross. 'l'he road is sixty-seven miles long which they are building to Lingtsin on the Grand Canal and will employ 100,000 including wive,s and children, but that is only a frac- tion of the million and a half people in the six counties where the Tehchow missionaries are at work. About five hundred thousand dollars in gold has been sent by the Red Gross, and in addition some from Manila and other points in local currency, amounting to nearly a million silver dollars, but $100,000,000 are needed. .

The food suppJy at present comes largely from Manchuria.

Beans are being shipped to Chefoo on the coast of Shantung and by rail kaoliang and millet from Manchuria. The military governor of the Province of Shantung made it possible for free transporta- tion and that in a measure has been done in other sections.

The great need is for money. The workers in China could buy foodstuff, and could have it transported either by cart, muleback or on the railroads if the money is supplied. Five dollars will save a life. What is to be done must be done within the next two or three months; otherwise millions will perish. Men and women workers are also needed for these districts for distriliution of food and to care for the sick and diseased. The missionaries have had exper- ience in other famines, and they will make the wisest directors if they can be spared.

Remember the urgency of the need. There are at least 15,- 000,000 people face to face with starvation. If they are not suc- cored, they will perish. First there is starvation. I talked with three women who were sitting on a kang. They -showed the rav- ages of disease in their faces and tragedy was written in their eyes.

They were too weak to stand, for they had been living for weeks on leaves of trees and thistles and a thick chaff mixed with them.

There is also exposure to freezing. One thousand refugees died in a single night in Kalgan from cold. They had pawned or sold their clothing for food. I could not sleep on account of the groans of the men and women who were lying on the stone pavements of the city. They were digging holes in the ground and covering them- selves with anything they could get to protect themselves from the cold.

Then- there are the diseases that accompany famine. There ha'S been cholera and we are fearing typhus fever. The people have sold or killed their animals, and are not able to transport the 'Sick . to mission hospitals. Consequently our patients have dropped off thirty per cent during the last few weeros.

On account of the small amount of money available the workers have been obliged to adopt the policy of taking a certain number of villagers and carrying them through the year. The rest will die. If we keep them alive for two months and then let them starve we have not given adequate relief, so we have had to "Select a fe,w and carry them through until the end of the season.

The urgency, therefore, is very great. At a station near Tient- sin someone threw a sandwich out on to the track. Two women sprang forward and lllS they struggled for the sandwich, a guard who 'sat there ran and separated them in order that they might get off the track. A dog sprang in and ate the sandwich.

In the villages to the ea'St I found there were no babies under -one year of age. Children are being sold in Shanghai at a dollar apiece. "Rather than see our children starve," said one of the mothers, "we will throw them into the wells. " The American Consul told me that as a result the weUs have become ,so polluted in some sections, the wa,ter could not be used.

March will probably be the crucial month. There is no time to be lost, because these fifteen million people, if they do not have more food than they are getting now, will by March have become so weakened by lack of food that they will perish either fl'om starvation, disease or cold. In the last famine the people ate the cotton in their clothing to satisfy their hunger.

No time mUist be lost in meeting this dire need, and whatever funds can be secured should be cabled at once to one of the responsible committees at work. Money may be 'Sent either to the China Famine Fund, Bible House, New York, or to anyone of the Forejgn Mission Boards having work in China.

OLD RUM SHOP IN PORTO RICO CONVERTED INTO A PUBI.IC

Twenty Year~' Progress In Porto Rico BY PHILO W. DROURY Secretary of the Evangelical Union of Porto Rico F OUR centuries of Spanish sovereignty and two decades of American rule-briefly ,summarizes the history of Porto Rico. Here is a great contrast, not only- in time but in actual accomplishment. For four hundred years the civilization was essen- tially Latin, transplanted from southern Europe and unaffected by the liberalizing and energizing influences of the Reformation.

Hence Christianity had a mediaeval interpretation and the small minority which dOIninated was the recipient of all the privileges, while the people as a whole 'were kept in servitude and deprived of those opportunities that make for happiness and usefulness.

A new day dawned when General Nelson A. Miles, on July 25, 1898, landed his troops at Guanica and occupied the Island in the name of the United States of America. This step introduced a new civilization with new ideas, vitalized by the power of Christ. The life of the people wa'S broadened and a new future opened before ~m .

Materially, the splendid development is shown by the fact that the exports of 1919 were valued at $79,496,000 as contrasted with those of 1901, valued at $8,500,000.

In 1899 there were only 267 kilometers of constructed road; while in 1919 there were 1190.

207

Illiteracy, estimated in 1898 at 85%, has gradually decreased to 63%. The poorly equipped schools with all enrolment .of 21,000 in that year have been supplanted by American schools, and today $3,000,000 is spent on public instruction, 3000 teachers (all of whom but 148 are Porto Ricans) are employed, 160,794 pupils are enrolled in the public schools. However, the educational problem is far from being solved as the school population is 441,465. The Federal Government should render aid in this connection.

Morally and spiritually there have likewise been very tangible results. The evangelical churches have not labored in vain. The mere statement that there are 13,000 or more members in the churches and that the Sundlly-schools have an enrolment of at least 22,000 cannot in any way convey an adequate idea of what has been accomplished. Statistics cannot express moral and spiritual values.

The ideals persistently presented in the interpretation of Christianity have permeated life in all its different relations. Remarkable transformations have been wrought in the lives of many, who, like Lazarus, are indisputable witnesses of the power of Christ, and testify to His quickening power. Thousands of children have been nurtured under Christian influences, and Illlany of these now have their own homes, where Christ is enthroned. Young men who are today prominent in business and professional life have laid the foundation for their careers in the Sunday-schools and churches, and they gladly testify to the influence of Christ in their lives.

THE UNCONSCIOUS INFLUENCES There is no better tribute to the efficacy of the Gospel than the influences that it has wielded unconsciously. This is to be noted especially in the social realm in Porto Rico. Persons unidentified with the churches come under the spell of its ideals and unconsciously accept them in their own lives and contend for their supremacy. An illustration of this is seen in the prohibition campaign waged in 1917. According to a special act of Congress, Porto Rico was permitted to vote upon the question of prohibition. Prior to the American occupation total abstinence had never been advocated and very few people practised it. The evangelical missionaries contended for it from the very beginning of their labors, and in the course· of time it became known that Protestants were total abstainers. Propaganda was made both in pulpit and press through the years, and when the time came for the campaign the relatively small number of evangelical Christians was held responsible for it. When it was over they were recognized by both friends and enemies as the real factors in obtaining a majority of almost 40,000 in favor of prohibition. Their influence far exceeded their numerical strength. The good seed sown had multiplied a hundred fold.

The evangelical churches likewise championed a campaign for

1921J TWENTY YEARS' PROGRESS IN PORTO RICO

social purity at the time of the mobilization of American soldiers. In this they were ably seconded by the Y. M. C. A.. The results, manifested in the creation of higher ideals, were most gratifying. Social Purity Sunday is now observed annually in all Protestant churches.

The new attitude toward politics is naturally the outcome of the presentation of the principles of Christianity to the people of Porto Rico. Corruption has long been recognized as a great evil, and some leading legislators have made a very sincereefi'ort to correct this deficiency. Last year the legislature, desiring to do'

THE EVANGELICAL SEMINARY OF PORTO RICO IN WHICH SEVJ;N DJ;NOMINATIONS COOPERATE away with the unlawful trafficking in voting, ordered that at the time of registration each voter should be photographed and that a certificate similar to a passport should be issued with the voter's photograph, this to be presented at the time of voting. This naturally will obviate much trickery, aE will also an additional provision of the same law which requires a voter to vote if he is registered. '1'he object of the latter is to compel a man to vote without remuneration.

The work of the evangelical churches was begun· under the most humble circumstances, and while at the present time not many of the higher social class have been reached, yet the positive results of the Gospel evidenced both in individual and weial life have been such as to call for the admiration and support of some of the best a.nd most influential men of the Island. Men occupying prominent

; TYPICAL PROTESTANT SUNDAY SCHOOL IN THE RURAL DISTRICTS OF PORTO RICO positions-judges, lawyers, doctors, business men, and others-have expressed to me their observations wholly favorable as to our work. One of the justices of the Supreme Court of the Island, who affiliates with the evangelical forces while not identified with any church, has st{tted.that he 'Sees no other hope for the Island except in the ac- CElIlpance 'of evangelical Christianity. This same man, who daily gatners about him his children in his home to read to them from the Bible, has repeatedly urged the mothers of Latin America to read the New Testament to their children.

Not long ago t}le man referred to above, the Speaker.of the House of Representatives, and some prominent lawyers and doctors requested one -of our Porto Rican ministers in San Juan to organize a class for Bible study, as they desired to know more about this inspired book. The desire for better things is growing and a higher estimate is being placed upon moral and spiritual values.

CO- OPERATION AN IMPORTANT FACTOR While there has been a delimitation of territory practically from the beginning, cooperation in the activities of the evangelical churches did not begiIl until the organization of the Federation of the Evangelical Churches of Porto Rico in 1905. A good degree of cooperation here had been attained before the meeting of the Panama Congress in 1916, but the Regional Conference following the Congress and inspired by it, furthered it notably. At present seven denominations cooperate on Puerto Rico Evangelico, a semi~monthly

TWENTY YEARS' PROGRESS IN PORTO RICO

pUblication, with over 6000 subscribers. These same denominations maintain the Evangelical Seminary of p.orto Rico, a school for tIre preparation of workers, strategically located in Rio Piedras in front of the University of Porto Rico, where the students supplement UOnl/Oupa .roJ uUld paluTu()~t.Il/ na,, V '£mu~as al[l u~ J[.rOA .r~al[l has been worked out in which the Polytechnic Institute of Porto Rico and the Blanche Kellogg Institute have an important part. While these two institutions are maintained by the Presbyterian and Congregational Boards respectively, yet scholarships are furnished and students sent by other denominations, so that to all intents and purposes they are inter-denominational.

There has also been a splendid example of cooperation on the part of the Presbyterian and Methodist English churches in San Juan,- which united in 1916. Not onlty has this action resulted in economy, but likewise in efficiency. This is one of a few such churches which is entirely self-supporting.

Last July one of the most significant gatherings in the history of the work was held in the form of a summer conference of the evangelical workers of the Island. Almost 150 persons were present, and many more would have attended if it had been possible to accommodate them. It was a c()[llplex gathering. There were men and women, p.orto Ricans and Americans, representatives from 10 II- FlUMARY DF;FARTMF;NT IN A l'ORTO RICO SUNDAy S<;;liOOr,

denominations and religious organizations, gathered in the Polytechnic Institute for six days. It was one large family, all interested in the same things. No mention was made of denominations, and it is certain that many persons left the Conference without knowing the denominational affiliation of many others. No other one thing in the history of the evangelical work in Porto Rico has so effec- tively promoted the spirit of uni- ty. The growth of this spirit is full of assurance for the future.

Splendid hospitals have been erected at San Juan, Ponce, and Humacao, and these are render- ing a much needed service. Fore- most among these is the Presby- terian Hospital of San Juan. In addition to attending to thou- sands of patients annually, the service of greatest importance that this hospital renders is that of preparing nurses for other hospitals, especially for the mun- icipal hospitals.

In response to an appeal made ONE RESULT OF PROTESTANT WORK by the Insular Board of Health IN PORTO RICO for help in the erection of cot- tages for the new Tuberculosis Hon. Emile del Toro C!lebas. associate judge Sanitarium, the evangelical of Supreme Court of Porto Rico-a frequent speaker at evange1ical meetings churches of Porto Rico, through one of their committees, planned to raise the funds necessary for the building of one cottage, and as a result the entire amount asked for, $3000, was raised, and soon the cottage given by the evangelical Christians will stand as a monument to the spirit of service as exemplified by the .churches of Porto Rico.

In this young mission field it is very inspiring to see the native church grow into the con-sciousness of its task, to comprehend the mission of the church and to seek to do its part in Kingdom building. This fact evidences a nomnal development. For a number of years little progress was made in the direction of self-support. The poverty of many of the people in the churches, together with the conditions that prevail in the countries that have been under the sway of the Roman Catholic Church retarded progress, but during the paost few years, even in the midst of the severest economic conditions, the churches have increased their offerings, many of them as high as 30.and 40 and 50 per cent. Of the Porto Rican churches, the first to attain to fullself-lSupport was the Ba.pti!!t Church of Caguas,

on July first of this year. Before another year passes it is expected that a number of other churches will be enrolled in this honor list.

There is also the farther vision that reaches to the neighboring island of Santo Domingo, less than sixty mile'S to the west, and to which one worker has already been sent. Porto Rico recognizes Santo Domingo as her Samaria, and seeks to make effective the commission that Christ gave to His followers. In the larger program for the evangelization of Santo DQmingQ the churches of PortO' Rico will have a creditable part.

THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION IN SAN JUAN. PORTO RICO Washed on the north by the Atlantic Ocean and on the SQuth by the Caribbean Sea, with the Anglo-Saxon civilization to the north and the Latin American civilization to the west and SQuth, PortO' Rico, having part in both, .occupies a position of strategic importance and doubtless will be used of God to help in interpreting these two great civilizations to Qne another. There are 30,000 Porto Ricans in New York at this time. American colleges and universities are educating many PQrto Rican young men and women. As the ties that bind North and SQuth America together are being strengthened, may it not be that Porto Rico will be called to serve these two great continents ¥The Experiment Station at Mayaguez has been called to help along agricultural lines; educa.tionally the call will soon be heard; the spiritual call has already sounded. May God raise up from among us many who will be obedient to the Heavenly Vision and go forth to help usher in the KingdQm by preaching and living Christ in Porto Rico.

Americans and Their

BY REV. RODNEY W. ROUNDY, NEW YORK I T HAS become increasingly clear that America can not do without the Negro. He is one of America's greatest assets. He had come to the shores of Virginia even before the Pilgrims landed on the "bleak New England Coast." True Negroes constitute only eleven or twelve per cent of the present population of the nation as against nineteen per cent in Revolutionary War times, yet they now have the largest place they have ever had in American life since the Dutch Man of Warre came into Jamestown harbor and sold to the planters" twenty Negars, " three centuries ago.

Four hundred thousand Negroes were enlisted in the World War; 200,000 went across the seas; 5000 in two regiments were cited . for bravery and 200 members of "New York's Old. Fifteenth" re- ceived the Croix de Guerre. Other Negroes who stayed at home made evident their patriotism in no uncertain terms in all kinds of war drives and war-time cooperation.

During the war as never before industrial occupations were open to Negroes in such basic industries as shipbuilding, iron and steel, coal mining and similar lines. As soon as the present unemployment period is past doubtless many Negroes will be retained in the occu- pations where partial openings have been made. For the moslt part they have entered the unskilled and semi-skilled fields. In the north these were previously filled by foreign-born and immigrant labor. What will happen in the years to come with the large Negro popula- tion that has migrated to northern industrial centers when the tides of immigration flow into these centers raises questions of serious concern for all who are interested in race relations.

The large migration of Negroes from the southern rural di'S- tricts, the failure of crops, the progress of the boll weevil and the red pin worm and the low price of cotton have created a situation in the rural districts of the South which call for help from all sources that can give it. In many localities it requires only stimulation and guidance to enable many landless tenants to become independent land holding farmers, as the breaking up of the large plantations from the shifting from cotton and corn to diversified farming is forced upon those who have managed the landless tenant system of affairs.

The Mission Boards should face definitely the question whether or not their former policy of concentration on the development of Negro education and support of educational institutions 'Should now 214 be largely supplemented by a program to help the Negro m these critical hours of his industrial and agricultural needs.

Strides Imve been made in inter-racial cooperation between white and colored people not simply in some sections of the South but in widely distributed areas. The movement has dynamic and has radiated powerfully from 'Strategic centers. The best Christian talent of both races has been actively enlisted in meeting a great need growing out of the war and its aftermath. Mr. Will W. Alexander, Associate Director of the Y. M. C. A. Conunission ·on Inter-Racial Cooperation has written as follows of the success of the enterprise: "We have demonstrated that the work of the Inter-Racial Commission in the way of cooperation and conference between leaders in local communities is a most efficient way of improving race relations.

"There is in the minds of many churchmen the' idea that by furnishing a sufficient number of schools and missions for Negroes, this problem could be solved. That does not reach the most stubborn element of the problem. The most difficult factor in it is the prejudice and antagonism which exists in the minds of a certain type of white people, both in the North and South, to the Negro. This makes it a white man's problem and not aNegro problem.

"In some way or other, we must get over to our people that as white men in America, we have a great opportunity in taking the leadership in creating on the ·part of our white people a democratic and Christian attitude to men of other racial groups.

"If the white denominations of America could be interested in helping to create on the part of their constituency a Christian attitude to these other racial groups, they would be rendering the very greatest possible service to the situation. I doubt if any amount of mission work among Negroes can ever take the place of this fundamental work among white people. This is really the crux of the whole situation."

One of the men at the heart of the movement from its earliest stages has been Prof. Edwin Mims of Vanderbilt University. Let him tell the story of the beginnings and spirit of the movement: "A representative citizen or two from each of the southern states and three or four other men who have had large experience in managil).g' funds for Negro education were called into conference. Gradually other promincmt leaders have been added, until now there are representatives of every denomination, every profession, almost every shade of opinion. From the first these leaders have called into consultation the wisest Negro leaders, eight of whom now are members of the central committee. These men have brought to the meetings of the committee data from their localities and have helped formulate a program of action as an ideal towards which to work. Every one is a southerner whQ realized that tact, patience and courage would be needed. "The program on which they decided called first for justice in the courts and especially opposition to lynching under any circumstances; second, economic justice; third, adequate. educational facilities; fourth, improved living and sanitary conditions; fifth, recreational advantages; sixth, better traveling facilities; seventh, welcoming the returning colored soldiers. It was fully realized this program would not suit conservative and prejudiced southerners, but these leaders felt that it was thoroughly in line with the best southern

tradition, and that they had lack of them in their insistence on 'these funda- mental demands the spirit of the great southerners of past and present. More important than any item in this program, however, is the fundamental idea of the whole movement-that this delicate problem can be met only by con- ferences between those who are involved, conferences that shall not be called after an emergency has arisen, but that shall be held constantly and periodically. Everything depends on the two races coming together to a sympathetic re- lationship."

There are Negro Socialists, educated ones, just the same as there are descendants of the Puritans who are Socialists. There may easily have been Bolshevist propagandists who desired to enlist and stir up the Negroes, but Negro Bolshevists-real red ones-are as scarce as hen's teeth. The Negro does not wave the red flag of Bolshevism and anarchism. The Negro does not look to Russia for his ideals. He looks to the best of essential .Americanism and pa- tiently dares to pin his faith to the principles of the preamble and amendments of the Constitution.

From New York City there goes abroad The Messenger adver- tising itself as the only radical Negro magazine in .America. Measurably it live.s up to its title, with a considerable circulation in New York City and other Negro centers, especiaily in the North. It takes about the place which" The Masses" takes among white readers.. Marks of .originality are lacking even though the technique is good and the editing well done by educated Negroes. Withcharacteristic posing for leadership it is about as bitter against outstanding Negroe.s in the country, including DuBois, as against the capitalistic class and society in general. The Messenger is true to form in its bitterness toward the Church. It is an unfair, unrepresentative sheet, and its few advocates in different cities fail largely in their attempts when they fall afoul .of the Negro church leaders and the strongly maintained allegiance to Negro churches.

Two or three other Negro publications, like The Whip of Chicago, are to be classed with The Messenger, though less widely circulated and less ably edited. The Chicago Defender, a weekly widely read by Negroes in all parts of the country under the stimulus of an inflated war psychology, has revealed at times a bitterness somewhat out of harmony with its previous policy and with the general trend of Negro journalism..

At the same time three or four hundred Negro newspapers and magazines in the country-daily, weekly, monthly-go their steady way with their strong ideals of essential .Americanism always at the fore, albeit they speak more plainly than formerly of injustice and indignities suffered by the race. The rank and file as well as the leaders among Negroes have no use for The Messenger and all its works. .As one passes in review the temper of most Negro publications and takes into account the many provocations, he is amazed at the amount of self restraint.

NEGRO AMERICANS AND THEIR PROBLEMS

The average Negro is busy working, earning, spending, as Americans in general. Some of them are saving though it must be recognized that one of the chief econO'Dlic needs of the Negro of today is an intelligent method of saving and the development of sane avenues of investment. Easy money and the chance everywhere to do things and to have things as never before in all ages of his ancestry or at any time in his own life does not lead to the Negro's planning a revolution or to bomb throwing. How much out of keeping with these facts has been the bomb throwing in Chicago in- stigated not by Negroes but by white real estate agents and inter- ests. The Negro has no sympathy with the advocates of force or retaliation except in cases of most necessary self defense. He is not out to wreck civilization; rather with open handog he seeks it as the pearl of great price. The Negro has been and is misunderstood. He is not radical, not even clamoring for some special privileges. He simply wants things applied to him as they are applied to other Americans in general.

Marcus Garvey is a native of Jamaica coming to New York in 1914. With a background of a good education, with a Catholic upbringing but at pres'ent out of sympathy with any organized church, with experience of a newspaper man and of travel in Europe, especially London and England, his coming to New York in 1914 gave him the opportunity to immediately gather about him a large number of the West Indians resident in Harlem and elsewhere in New York City. With the gifts and genius of the Negro orator of the popular type his influence has gone beyond his first West Indian fonowers. Now he has a considerable following in all the larger centers of the country through membership in his Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League of the World of which he is President-General. He addresses largely attended meetings in a Negro tabernacle in the Harlem area. Weekly there go to his extended membership copies of The Negro World, the official organ of the Movement. During August a so-called "World Convention" was assembled in New York City. At that time a Constitution of Negro Liberty was supposedly written.

Fundamentally Ga.rvey plays upon the idea. of race consciousness now at the front among the colored people of America as with other races of the world. In connection with it he advocates the idea of Negro colonization in Africa, and of Negroes being responsible for leadership in the Negro World. His plan is not without financial relations involving the Black Star Line with .its one steamer plying between America and the .West Indies and its two subsidiary boats. We also read of the Negro Factories Corporation, of the Cooperative Laundry Plan, etc. It cannot be told what the outcome of this movement will be. It is to be feared tha.t it is a largely inflated and unstable affair. It does serve 'to emphasize the

importance of a right use of the present race consciousness of the Negro, as also sane methods of thrift and inve'Stment that the Garvey movement may be constructively supplanted. It forces upon the Protestant Church the necessity of freshly realizing the place of sane religious inspiration and right spiritual leadership. .. .. 'It Dr. George E. Haynes, who has had charge of the Negro Department of the Interchurch World Movement, spoke of· two very important changes that have taken place in the racial situation which call for a vigorou'S grasp on the part of Home Mission Boards. The first he calls internal because it is taking place in the mental attitude .of both Negroes and whites. Partly as a result of the war and partly because of the rising tide .of ra,ce consciousness, Negroes are coming to realize what it means to be free–a realization that is expres'Sing itself in a new sense of their own worth and dignity as a p€ople and in their changed attitude toward the white people. The former relationship of master and man has been dying, that relationship that s,outhern blacks and southern whites knew, but there has not been built up in its place a feeling on the basis of man to man, so that there is growing su'Spicion on the one side and the passing of a paternal attitude on the other. This mental condition calls for that which only the idealism' of Jesus Christ can give.

The second .important change has to do with external conditions. The Negro has been leaving the rural districts, away from the humdrum and drudgery of plantation life. Another influence carrying them out of: the rural towns and into the northern industrial, centers is a growing feeling of insecurity, in proportion to the feeling of lessened .cordiaHty between the races, and lessened assurance of the things that make for safety. The American Negro is not only religious, but Christian. He is patient and forgiving; he does not long cherish grudges; he has courage, hope and optimism; his loyalty to those to whom allegianee is due is the highest kind of confidence in the sufficiency of the Golden Rule; his intimate trust in God, so wonderfully revealed in the heart throbs of Negro folk song, mark him as unique in spiritual attainments. What greater need has America than these very marked expressions of a vital Christianity~ In all the world, outside the Anglo Saxon nations, is there anywhere so large a racial group at heart thoroughly Christian and in some particulars more Christian than the white race itseln What shall be the answer of thoughtful, sober, Christian Americans who believe in the "square deal"¥ Shall it be anything less than a man's chance for manhood qualities ~ The principles of the Golden Rule and the Sermon on the Mount apply alike to colored and white men everywhere.

M. Alexander and His

BY HENRIETTA M. HYSLOP A N INTENSE and life long love for the Word of God, which in later years developed into a veritable passion, wml the crowning glory of Charles Alexander. Everywhere he went and in all his work he appealed both to audiences and to individuals to saturate themselves in a knowledge of the Bible; and in all prob- ability this consuming zeal will prove to be his most lasting memorial.

Much of his Gospel singing and other work was necessarily of a more ephemeral order, but to the furtherance of the Pocket Testa- ment League he gave the best that was in him, and through the League he became known to tens of thousands who never saw him nor felt the magnetism of his personal charm.

Charles McCallon Alexander was born October 24, 1867, in a log cabin among the hills of Ten- nessee; anq. passed on to his Heavenly Home from Bil'lning- ham" England, on October 13, 1920. The infiuence of his early Christian home was supplement- ed by the training received in a little school taught by the widow of a Presbyterian minister, CHARI.ES M. AI.EXANDER where the >curriculum was very limited but where knowledge of facts and high principles were wise- ly imparted. The natural beauty of the Tennessee hills moo.e its deep impression on the character of the lad, and Gospel songs were especially prized in his music-loving household. The father, skilled in music, took keen delight in teaching his son the songs from the new hymn book of Moody and Sankey-then in the early years of their world ,vide work. ~he mother often read aloud from the Moody sermons so that the hoy's mind was molded by these in- fluences and he was prepared for the y:ears of service to come.

Before he was twenty, Charles Alexander was earning his living by teaching music in North Gar·olina. News came that his father was fatally ill in Atlanta, Georgia, and during the several hundred mile journey home, he had time for serious thinking. Although he could claim church membership, he had to acknowledge to himself * Much of the material for this sketch is taken from the recent volume entitled "Charlie Alexander," by Mr. Philip I. Roberts and published by the Fleming H. Reven Co.

219

that his life lacked something, and during the week of waiting by his father's bedside his ideas of time and eternity stood out in their right relation. To the night of his father's death he looked back definitely as the date of his conversion, when, trudging across Atlanta to summon the undertaker he prayed for some vision, or impression, to assure him that his father was indeed in the presence of his Lord, and promising that if the answer came he would pledge his life to the service of Jesus Christ. Clearly and unmistakably the assurance came, for he says: "There came upon me a yearning desire to lead men to Christ, and I began to look around to discover by what means I could best help men and women into the Kingdom. I conceived the notion that a Go'Spel hymn could be turned into a sermon."

Convinced of the possibilities .of the Gospel song, the young man proceeded at once to act on -his conviction, and from Maryville College he went to the Moody Bible Institute. It is a practical evidence of his missionary zeal that he persuaded eight of hi~ college friends to accompany him. At the Moody Institute, theory and practice go hand in hand, and Mr. Alexander was not there long before he was appointed, with feeling'S of consternation on his part, to lead the singing at a meeting in one of the worst districts of Chicago. The experience was one from which he learned to under- 'Stand audiences, and how to win their sympathetic response. His first definite engagement as an evangelist came at the close of his four years' course at the Institute, when he was selected as temporary associate of Evangelist M. B. Williams. The partnership lengthened into eight years of service. Then followed the campaign with Dr. R. A. Torrey in Australia where at first there were some misgivings lest the unknown singer from America might bring innovations that would be discordant to Australian susceptibilities. It was not long, however, before there was complete understanding between audience and singer and great blessing attended the meet- ings. This tour through Australasia and India gave new impetus to revival methods, especially as related to the Gospel in chorus singing, and brought Mr. Alexander into world prominence. From this missionary crusade the .two evangelists came to England in 1903, and f.or three years visited principal cities in England, Scotland and Ireland, crowning the effort in a two months' mission in Albert Hall, London, where it was estimated that half a million different individuals attended the meetings and seven thousand persons pub- licly confessed Christ. o During the Birmingham Mission in the early part of 1904 he became engaged to Miss Helen Cadhqry, the daughter of a Christian philanthropist kn.own and honored throughout England. Both Miss Cadbury and her mother had had some share as workers in the

CHARLES M. ALEXANDER AND HIS WORK

meetings, .and the friendship formed by her association with the American singer progressed so rapidly that their engagement was announced on the day after the Mission closed. The wedding took place on July 14th ·of the same year in the Friends' Meeting House in Birmingham, and Mr. Alexander proudly took his bride to visit his southern home.

Mr. Alexander's engagement with Dr. Torrey was terminated because of the critical illness of his wife, and after her recovery he became associated with Dr. J. Wilbur Chapman in 1908. T·ogether they conducted many richly blessed missions in the United States, Canada and Australia, and also visited China, Japan and Korea. In 1910, they held their mission in Cardiff, Wales, a year later they went to Ireland and in 1913 went to Scotland. In referring to Mr. Alexander's conquest of unemotional Scottish audiences, Dr. John McNeill recalls the trepidation with which he anticipated his coming to Scotland, and the possible effect of his methods among that staid folk; but disapproval was seen to soften, relax and finally melt away as the singer led his audience iuto the swing of the "Glory Song."

Then came the war. Wondering what he could do for the thousands of young army recruits, Mr. Alexander resolved to visit their camps and take the Message of Him who gave His life as a ransom for many. For some years the conviction had been growing upon him that men and women could be led to God more directly through His own Word than by any other method, and he and Mrs. 'Alexander had been quietly developing this idea through the Pocket Testament League, which had been founded by Mrs. Alexander in her high school days in Birmingham, England. When only twelve years of age she discovered that the habit of carrying a -small Testament, not only for hep own reading in leisure moments, but in order to create an interest in the Bible among her friends, was of inestimable value. Other girls agreed to follow her plan and out of this a small society developed, which numbered more than sixty when its founder left the school. With the aid of hi-s Gospel songs and the little Testaments provided by the generosity of the Christian public, Mr. Alexander was used of God to inaugurate a spiritual revival among the British soldiers; and later when America was drawn into the conflict his energies were devoted to organizing similar work in American army campE. From both British and American camps young men by the hundreds of thousands went to the battle front singing Mr. Alexander's hymns, and carrying the little book that makes plain the Way of Life.

The record of the Pocket Testament League's success as a world wide Bible-reading moveinent forms one of the most striking chapters in the history of modern evangelism. To the promotion of this ''lork Mr. Alex.ander's last days were esr .cially devoted. :a:e

had had upon his heart a vision of a great, world wide Bible revival, and by every gift at his disposal he fostered this idea. So successful had he been that before leaving the United States on what proved to be hi's last voyage, plans for such a revival had been formulated and entrusted to a Committee whose privilege it will be to see that the ideals of the man now called to larger service are carried forward. In great industrial establishments, where there is as never before a need for the stabilizing influence of the Gospel, meetings are being held and the Bible is put into the hands of the workers. Special efforts have been made in Philadelphia to reach the 'Street car men of the city, and this has resulted in twenty-six hundred of them signing up to read a daily chapter from the Bible. Of these, more than six hundred and fifty wrote upon their cards, "I accept Christ. " Over one hundred men are enrolled as daily Bible readers in Sing Sing prison, and a group calling themselves the "Comfort Club" get together in the evening to read their Testaments. Thirtythree inmates of Oregon State Penitentiary are League members and the warden writes: "The Testaments are worth their weight in gold to the men who are trying to fit themselves for a new life."

The League now has a place on the practical work program of the Los Angeles Bible Institute. Ina report recently issued, the Pocket Testament League leads all other departments in the number of conversions brought about-over 1600 in all. Branch headquarter'S have been established in Great Britain, Canada, Australia, South Africa, Syria, Japan, Korea, China, Holland and Norway. The main office is at 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

Mr. Alexander's last great work in America was a seven weeks' evangelistic campaign in Detroit, where 24,000 men and women became members of the League. The city was stirred by a sweeping "Back to the Bible" wave of enthusiasm. In 'Street cars, factories, offices and banks, Testaments were in evidence. In a single bank over a hundred employees joined the League.· In the Detroit Chamber of Commerce one of the largest commercial organizations in America-men may be seen in groups reading and discussing their Testaments. The Word of the Lord endureth forever, and those to whom He has entrusted the continuance of the great work laid down by Charles Alexander can thank God for his example, and go forward believing that the bles'Sing of the past is an assurance of the blessing to follow.

to the Church at

O NE day a Chinese gentleman was shown into the guest room of an inland hospital. He came to see the foreign doctor, but not because of illness. His home was hundreds of miles away in another province, and he had never seen the hospital or anyone connected with it.

When the doctor entered the stranger said: "I have heard about this hospital even though my home is far away. Here is a very insignificant contribution I wish you would receive. "

He brought forth and carefully counted his "insignificant contribution" and handed it over to the doctor with an apology. It was 100,000 cash or about $5,000.

The stranger left. The doctor counted the money over again and it was all good cash. There had been no request for a card. The stranger had not even stated what business brought him to the city. He came and went like a ship in the night, and nothing more was heard from him.

Such a story sent home from the field iIi. a personal letter helps to keep alive intere.st in mission work and to win new friends and supporters. But so few seem to realize the opportunity and the necessity of such letters that I feel impelled to tell of a plan tried by one missoinary.

In the first fifteen months after this medical missionary came to China, he wrote five long letters, some of them over 15,000 words long. By the use of a typewriter with carbons and thin paper, he made nine legible copies of each letter. The subjects in each letter were varied and included ,clippings from the Ohinese Recorder and other pUblications not in the reach of his distant friends, his own experiences, stories told him by missionaries, his meetings with Chinese who spoke English. Every sort of impression made upon his mind, which he thought would interest his friends, he noted down in a little vest-pocket book he carried for that :pul"pose.

One of the nine copies of these letters ultimately went to the secretary of his Board. The eight others went to groups of his friends, 15 of whom were divided into eight groups according to their geographical location. To each of the eight groups went a letter. These were forwarded from one to another in rotation. Then they went finally to relatives and to two college libraries where he had attended school. He also sent home pathological specimens to the medical school from which he came and films for lantern slides to friends who used them for missionary addresses. Sometimes the letters were used for magazine articles.

2Z3

"The result of this attempt," he writes, "have been most gratifying. I am in closer touch with the fa.culty of my own medical school than I was while a student. And I had something to back me up when recently I sent them an appeal to bear the needs of China in mind when Junior and Senior students came to them for advice regard- ing their future location. Among other letters, I have received onc from a man unknown to me, a medical student whose face was turned to China by an article I wrote. Another letter came from a mechan- ical engineer who is making money. He and I traveled through Europe together. I never thought he was much interested in mis- sions. Now he writes to ask whether he could put his training to good service in China. Pastors and laymen have written me that my letters brought the subject of missions very much closer to them.

Previously missions had been something more or less abstract.

They had all read books on missions, and accounts of missionary work printed in church papers, but what they -wanted was to know someone personally on the field, these younger pastors and laymen particul:rrly. The biggest result, however, is my personal convic- tion that for me at least, this plan is a good one and very much worth while. It is not an easy thing to do. It takes time. Often I have pounded my typewriter till one and two a 'clock in the morning. It takes money, too. But the time and monf'V are well spent.

"There are many things I cannot do but I can tell others the good things the missionaries are doing, alld what life in China is meaning to me. Two evenings a week I devote to my 125 frif'nds and if I do not try to tie them up to the work of the Kingdom in China, perhaps no one else will. Their intcrf'st in China may hinge en- tirely upon me. • "Mission study books are of excellent educational value, but tlip,' are not personal. Church report letters and printed missionary reports are also good, but they will not get under the vests of my friends. They do not have the force of a personal letter. ,Vhat we want is intercessory prayer with definite meaning to it and giv- ing in which the heart of the giver goes with the money."

It may be well to add one word of caution. Those not much ac- customed to writing ought to take an older missionary into his con- fidence. There are some thing-s which might be very interesting, but the writing of which would be a hindrance to the Kingdom. Our own opinions, if such qlll'Sti OllS arise, ought to yield to the judgment of men who know what is helpful from actual experience in the work of the Kingdom.

Many who go out to the mission field can do little during the first tongue-tied years. But they can use their native language to interest those at home hy writing letten; to circles of friends..

E. C. CRONK, EDITOR, 437 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

MIDDLE-AGE MISSIONARY METHODS All the world cheers youth to new achievement. Everybody has a tender sentiment for beautiful old age. The most neglected area in human life i.s prosaic middle-age. Yet the greatest achievements in the world's work have been wrought by men and women of middle age. Between the dreams which young men dream and the visions which old men see come the prosaic years of accomplishment of middle-aged meri.

"yVe have made far more mistakes in sending out missionaries who are too young than in sending out those who are too old. Send liS missionaries who have lived" comes the message from the force on the foreign field to one of the great mission Boards of America.

How shall we make the most of these middle years in missionary methods?

Is a New Type of Life Work Meeting women· to rescue them from the dan- Needed? ger of the "retiring" germ, to which In addition to the meetings which we seem particularly susceptible at have a twenty to twenty-five years the time when our life work should age limit why not some meetings in count for most.

which a gleam of hope is held out to There is even more danger of drift- people who have passed thirty or ing at forty than there is at twenty.

forty? At a summer conference with Many people face at forty or fifty en- a thousand delegates this announce- tirely different conditions and oppor- ment was made. tunities from those which surrounded "All delegates under twenty are them in earlier years-that is if they invited to a life-work meeting at eight really look about and face them. Us- o'clock." Abottt five hundred noted ually they drift past without recogniz- the hour and place of the meeting ing the opportunity of changing con- to which their youth gave them en- ditions.

trance while the other five hundred A woman whose children are excluded ones saw before them a grown and away at school or married barred gate inscribed "Abandon hope should discriminate between the ap- all ye who cannot enter here." plication of the time honored quota- One of the most fatal. things that tion" A mother's place is at home with can happen to a life work meeting for her children" during the period when the teens and the twenties is to have she really had children in her home the majority of the seats taken by and these later days when the children the forties and the fifties, but why not are gone.

hold a parallel meeting to consider A woman whose every moment is definitely the opportunities of middle- filled with home duties at thirty may age? have, at forty, hours each day she We recount the achievements of could give to missionary service. We youth to inspire young lives. Let llS are apt to throw the blanket covering give also some inspiration to men and of "woman's sphere" over all femin- 225

ine activities, regardless of age or was given an unimportant parish in condition. A woman who at thirty a waste and barren spot of Germany spends every evening reading or tell- with a group of epileptics as his par- ing stories to her children may at ishioners.

fifty give several evenings a week If he was shelved he developed on to settlement work for other children the particular shelf to which he had instead of nursing in loneliness the been consigned such a marvelous col- ache in her heart for the children ony of mercy that all the world went who are gone. / to Bielefeld to study his methods.

A man who has never really faced He kept open house for discharged life work problems honestly before, convicts and sent them away honest may find at forty or fifty there is yet men. The doors of his colony were a large service he can give in the never locked. Before the days of the home or foreign field. A professor Salvation Army slogan he convinced in a medical college attended his first hundreds of discouraged hearts that life work meeting after he had passed "a man may be down but he's never the age limit at which any Mission out." Helpless children were brought Board would send a doctor to the to him. To the poor, the needy, the field, but the call came to him so defin- sick, the dispirited-he gave new itely for service in medical missions hope, new life, and new courage and that he resolved to get at least one trained them to take their place in the man a year from -his classes who world's work.* would go out as a missionary. That If it were possible for one woman decision was even more far reaching to shelve another then the woman who than the decision of the student by was adroitly transferred from the di- his side to go himself. rectorship of a large department in There are men who could be led to a Sunday-school to a class which had a decision to finance a missionary or a few middle-aged women in it would a whole missioll station if the oppor- have been all the shelf. If she was, she tunity of middle age were presented found on her shelf an opportunity as earnestly and forcefully as the op- hitherto unrecognized. Not a particle portunities of youth have been urged. of her energy did she waste in uncov- There is no reason why we should ering her wounds- to compel public abandon hope if a man or woman has sympathy.

passed forty. "What an opportunity" she said.

Let us have place in our missionary "I wonder that I never saw it be- program for the presentation of aft- fore !"

er-forty life work problems and op- She worked with all her might and portunities. soon a class of tWf) hundred women was one of the strongest features of THE. TRUTH ABOUT THE SHELVING that school.

PROOESS If it were possible for one man to shelve another then that young "I have been laid on the shelf by Korean Christian who was sent in the younger man" said a man at fifty- chains to an island would have been five. laid on the shelf. Instead of saying, Therein was he mistaken. No man "See how I have been thrown aside," – is laid on the shelf. Shelving is not he said, "Now I have the opportunity a thing one man can do to another. of being sent out as a missionary to It is one of the injustices a man does people who have never heard of to himself. Christ, and the government is bear- If one man could shelve another ing my traveling expenses."

:then Pastor von Bodelschwingh would * The story of von Bodelschwingh's work have been shelved when, by the in- is told in the book, A Colony of Mercy, Price trigue of a jealous court chaplain, he 7S cents. I-utheran Publication House. 9th and Sansom Streets, Pbil•., Pa.

BEST METHODS

Some one said of D. L. Moody, in India, so he bought a new book "If he were sent to prison he would strap and entered Johns Hopkins with count it an opportunity to preach "the boys." Christ to all the prisoners. If he were consigned to the county alms Some of the Board members could "house he would transform it. If he but smile at the eagerness of the man were banished to the most desolate of fifty-two fitting himself for his spot of earth he would fill it with such "life work." light and love that soon that spot would become an irradiating center to At fifty-four he received his diplo- which multitudes would flock." ma and sailed back for India. Far- ther and farther he pressed on in his If it were possible for one man to work. vVhen a call came for him to shelve another then Pope Leo surely go into the Palnad district his friends would have laid Martin Luther on were sure he would die while in that the shelf with his bull of excommun- deadly section. After working there ication. According to the parlance with wonderful success for four years of many of our modern missionary so- he burned the coffin that had been cieties. Luther would have been per- made for him and went on. fectly justifiable in nursing his grievance and saying;" Years later when he was home on furlough he met a member of the "I have been shamefully treated. My work is absolutely unappreciated. Mission Board who had voted against I have done my best. Let some one sending him to India because of his else try reforming the Church now. age. Here I am past fifty, and my own church has not recognized my initia- "You do not know me?" said Heytive and ability. I'm too old to begin er as the Board member regarded all over again." him with a puzzled expression, "I'm the man who was too old to go to If Martin Luther was shelved then India twenty years ago!" Protestantism was built on his shelf. At seventy-five, while on a visit to The plaint "I have been laid on the Germany he learned that because of shelf" is a pitiful confession, not of difficulties and discouragements on the an outward sin committed against a field, his beloved mission was about man by other men, but of an inward to be discontinued. Back to America condition for which he himself is re- he hurried. Arriving at Reading, Pa., sponsible. when his ministerium was in session discussing the matter, he walked in, "I shall have to retire" said one grip in hand, and proposed that he minister. "What's the trouble?" ask- would go back and get hold of the ed a sympathetic friend. situation. At seventy-five he spoiled all the kind and thoughtful plans for "I'm fifty years old" answered the his retirement by buying another retirer impressively and I feel as if ticket for India. I had served my day and generation." Raymund Lull, foremost among That was the age at which Chris- the noblemen of the Middle Ages, gave tian Frederick Heyer said; up his position and honor as grand seneschal of the court and spent nine "I shall have to take a medical years in a cell on Mount La Randa, course to fit myself for my life work." with a Moorish servant who taught Heyer had gone out to India when he him Arabic. When he was fifty-five was forty-eight, although some of the years old he sailed for Tunis, the one members of his Mission Board had missionary in all the world to Mohamshaken their heads very doubtfully medans. Vander Kemp was fifty about sending such "an old man" to years old when he went out as a med- India. When he came back on his ical missionary to South Africa. first furlough in four years he was convinced that a medical course was We have women who have literary necessary for his most efficient work ability who feel that they were so

handicapped in early life they have our methods of work sending young had no chance.. Amelia E. Barr pub- lished her first book after she was men and women to, Christian colfifty and published seventy-four others in the thirty-three years between leges and helping other people to her fiftieth and eighty-eighth birthdays. see the possibility of having part in Gladstone was appointed premier the work of the next generation. at eighty-three. Edison is still inventing at seventy-three. A business man of N ew Jersey as- The only gray which really dis- sumed the support of a bright young qualifies for service is of a kind that no external application of dye can girl through college and medical change. Some men are gray with age when their hair is yet black and others school with the expectation that she are never old though their hair may turn white at twenty. would become a medical missionary.

Intrigue, jealousy, lack of consid- After completing the medical course eration may lead a man to the shelf, but no one except himself can ever she married a young physician. really shelve him. A man may be retired from a certain position but he "I thought then," said the business alone can retire himself from service. man, "that my investment had not WHAT THEY DID AFTER THEY WERE FIFrY turned out exactly as I had hoped, Always a son and a daughter in but I knew she was qualified for good College. A man said to his wife "Elizabeth and John both graduate work in America. After a while I next year. It will seem rather strange not to have any children in college." had a message that both she and her The mother's face clouded and then husband were going as medical misbrightened as she said: "It would be just as easy to send some one else sionaries. You never can tell about next year as it was to send Elizabeth and John this year, and I'd rather do investments. Sometimes you get comit than to buy the new house." pound interest when you don't expect They did it. They found the young' man and the young woman in all ~" . their acquaintance who gave best promise of using to adnntage a col- THOSE EMPTY NURSERIES. A wolege course and never since their own man went into her empty nursery. children graduated has there been a Her children were grown and maryear they have not had a son and a ried. The bright sun streamed in on daughter in college. unused toys. The absolute orderliness of her well-furnished home oppressed Why should we have less part in her. Christian education when the children that are ours by birth are "Why should there be so many through college? If we made sacri- childless homes and so many homefices to send them to college why less children?" she said. should we cease to sacrifice when there are many others whose lives She went out and found two of the might be trained for missionary serv- homeless children. ice at home or abroad. There are many people who talk Why should we not make one of much about how much better they could train their children if they had it to do over again, but few of them really make use of their experience.

"I hope to give my second family the benefit of the experience with my first," said the lady who brought two homeless little ones into the love and light of her home.

EIGHT EXTRA. She was a quiet little woman with snow white hair. During .the conference on missionary methods in the great auditorium she said not. a word. The sound of her pwn voice would have frightened her, but as we rode home she said, "I have had to do my work at home. As my large family was growing UP 1

realized how easily I could care for citizens. So a woman in Pennsyl- Qne child more since I was giving all vania whom people called aged and infirm had part in vigorous youthful 'of my time at home,. so at di1!erent service in India. times I have had the JOY of haVing as members of my family eight ory~an A WHOLE STATION. A middlechildren. All of them are ChnstIan men and women today, who are tak- aged successful bu~iness. man looke.d ing their part in the world's work and I am much better off than if I had his bank account, hiS bUSiness and hiS shut them out of my love and care when I had plenty to take them in." investments squarely in the face. All Another mother who was a busy had grown very steadily. He knew pastor's wife with three children adopted three orphan children to grow he could do the thing th.e Mission up and go to school and be. trained Board Secretary was asking him to for service with her own children. do. Is IT TOO LATE? A woman went home from her father's funeral, and "I'll do it" he said. looked about her at the empty house. That meant that he would take the Twenty years ago she was, to. have been married. Her mother s Illness support of an entire.missio!l s.tatiol!- and invalidism had kept her at home. Then her father demand~d her care, send out the foreign mlSSlOnanes, N ow at forty she was alone. She was not sorry she had given those twenty support the native preachers and vears to them but now it was too late to do anything else. "Was it too teachers, build the churches and late ?" The lines about her mouth became very resolute. Why should she schools required to give the Gospel not fill the coming years full to the brim? to two hundred and fifty thousand She entered a training school for people. Christian workers, taking an additional social service course at a uni- There are other men who have versity. She studied as the younger students did not know how to study, never been brought fa.ce to face with and instead of living a life of drea.ry loneliness she is the center of a c!hns- such "big business" in missions who tian settlement. would make similar investments. IN THE SERVICE AT ONE HUNDRED. Training Our Successors. At the Recently a woman died in Penn~yl­ vania having added more than thirty 1921 Foreign Missions Conference at years to her allotted three score and ten. At one hundred she still had part Garden City more than one person in missionary service. Many years ago she assumed the support of ~ boy noticed an older woman who usually in India. When her boy fil11shed sat with a young girl. The woman school he decided to be a preacher. His friend in America decided she had attended many Conferences. It would continue to support him, as he fitted himself for the ministry. He was the girl's first Conference. The became an exceptionally successful native pastor. Through his ministry woman was ever on the alert to see robber bands that no one else· had that the Conference would mean the been able to reach became Christian most possible to the girl.

"Who is going to carryon the work" she said, "unless we older wo- men are careful to surround ourselves with girls we are training to take our places." .

Any middle-aged w:oman w~o. IS not giving some attentlOn to training her successors is too short sighted for real success.

The type of woman who covets for herself such enconiurns as; "When she drops out her work will stop:'

"She was wonderful! We can never get anyone to fill her place," is ~ar below the type of whom It can be said; "She was far-sighted enough to plan the work so it would adv~nce steadily without her." "She trained her successors so there was no break."

A TALENT SEARCH Note: You will not likely b~ called on at onu to do all the things listed. Fifty-three members who belonged If the above plan is followed be to a Missionary Society received this sure that the committee makes good use of the talents discovered. letter: SISTER COLLEGES "You are invited to take part in a One of the developments in inter- 'Talent Search' for the Vomen's Mis- national friendships is seen in the sis- ter colleges. Many of the women's sionary Society. We are sure there colleges in America are becoming strong big sisters to the colleges of are many hidden talents among our the Orient.

members. There are many other At the annual meeting of the Fedtalents be~ides money of which the eration of Woman's Boards of For- eign Missions, Mrs. Burton St. John, Lord has need. In planning the work Student Secretary of the Methodist for the coming year we want to have Episcopal Church, said: There is a growing feeling of sisa program of service with every mem- terliness among our students, and a ber doing the things she can do best. more intelligent interest in the Orient- al college girl, resulting from educa- Here are some of the things our mem- tional programs carried on in the colleges. The expression of this inbers will be asked to do. In each terest is taking shape in exchange of correspondence and small gifts, and blank please write whether or not you in the larger contributions to the sup- port of the Oriental colleges. will give service along the line indi- A few items will show how it works cated. We are not asking the most locally: expert service but the most willing Dakota Wesleyan had a Sister College Day. A play was given in the chapel by service that may become more expert. the girls, and in the afternoon, a program and tea, after which subscriptions were We want to have on file a list of taken, for Tokyo Women's College.

women who can and will give various At the University of Southern Cali- fornia, three Chinese students served a types of service. Will you: Chinese dinner to over seventy-five girl. to boost Ginling. They invited a Ginling L Play organ or piano if called on? girl from Pomona College to be their 2. Sing in chorus choir for meetings guest for the day. This girl spoke at the in church, hospital or in homes? Y. W. C. A. meeting in the morning, and 3. Play any other musical instrument? gave an after-dinner speech in the even- 4. Lead a meeting? ing. 5. Lead in prayer? 6. Prepare articles or papers on as- Topeka Branch gave a large share of signed subjects? its Annual Meeting to student interests. A 7. Read leaflets in meetings? college girls' banquet was served to four. 8. Prepare and make short talks if ma- hundred guests, and toasts were given to terial for ;:.tudy is furnish.,d you? "Other Girls," "Double Up," etc. On col- 9. Be hostess for meetings at church or lege night a debate wa. held, "Why I at homes of others? believe in my Sister College," in which 10. Offer your home for meetings as five girls defended each her own Sister, needed? If so how many people can you and $25 was given to the winner-Bakerseat in one room or rooms with open for their Ginling Fund. doors? 11. Offer an automobile for occasional Thirty-four colleges gave to their sevuse in meeting speakers, visiting sick and en Sister Colleges in the Orient this last abs-entee members? year the splendid sum of $10,224.59. 12. Decorate church for special occasions ? Goucher College gave the largest out- 12. Furnish flowers for church or to be right sum-$2,037.S0. sent to the sick? 13. Visit sick or absent members? Cornell College had the largest increase; 14. Make or help make posters and from $150 last year, to $1,450 thi. year. charts? 15. Lead a Mission study class? 16. Read to "Shut Ins"? 17. Visit hospitals? 18. Prepare special food for sick on request of committee? 19. Make costumes needed for pageants? 20. Suggest other things you would like to do or think should be done? 21'. Give names of other people with talent. you think may be unknown to the committee?

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK EXTRACTS FROM THE ANNUAL REPORT The Council of Women for Home Just before Christmas, a Christmas llissions is becoming, in the bulk of message as the Bible puts it was sent its work, closely related to other to three hundred foreign-language agencies. Each year marks closer co- publications, two hundred twenty-five operation with the Home Missions church papers and every daily news- Council. Many joint standing com- paper in the United States. The mittees with that Council and with marked copies received indicate a wide other agencies have functioned during use of this material.

1920. New Americans PubUcity This Committee has had a year of formulating policies, of finding feas- The genius of Home Missions ible lines of cooperative service, of Council and Council of Women pub- gathering stores of knowledge from licity is the quiet spreading throughout every section of the United States. the land of the story of cooperation Special attention was centered upon among the Home Mission agencies of surveys of foreign language lite ·a- Protestant churches. Publicity, as ture and press, survey of foreign lang- conceived by this Committee, is edu- uage religious education literature, cation through the presentation of and racial group studies prepared by facts so treated as to be alive with in- experts. spiration and the spirit of encouragement. A Bureau of Information on non- English-speaking people in America The field to be thus educated is, began its work October 1, 1920, the first, denominational home mission staff dealing with foreign-language workers, including officials and mis- literature of the Board of Home Missionaries, and the ministry and mem- sions and Church Extension of the bership whom they serve- and repre- Methodist Episcopal Church having sent. The second division of this field offered their services for that purpose. is the general public. The misconcep- The Bureau has under way at the tions of the public as to the relation- present time (l) the establishing of ships of the different denominations a bibliography for each language is due to lack of knowledge and to er- group, (2) the development of a file roneous interpretations, written and of outstanding leaders in each langprinted by those either not careful of uage group, (3) the compilation of their phrasing, or eager to throw dust statistics on the strength of the various in the eyes of those who would see denominations in the work with forclearly if given the opportunity. eign-language groups in the United States and Canada (4) the maintain- The first task of the year was the ing of a clipping file on each langpreparation and sending to five hun- uage group. dred of the leading newspapers of the country and two hundred church papers a four-page single-space story of the Annual Meeting of 1920. Then Farm and Cannery MJgrants began to go forth a continuous stream Seven women's boards furnished of information. Then there has been funds for four experimental stations something to say it has been said to in New Jersey, Delaware and Mary- the best of our ability and sent out land during the summer of 1920, the for publication. . funds being dispensed through the 3$1

treasury of the Council of 'Vomen. Spanish-speaking people. They have There was altogether a total of forty- , more than three thousand pupils en- five weeks of service at the four sta- rolled in their educational institutions tions. Three types of communities in the states of California, Arizona, were selected, each being composed New Mexico, Texas and Colorado.

of foreign-speaking folk: (1) where There is also a Protestant church the. produce was shipped fresh to the membership of more than ten thou- market, (2) a cannery owned by an sand in these states, and work for individual who lived in the community, .Mexicans is being carried on at ap- (3) a cannery owned by an absentee proximately three hundred different 'Corporation, with a local manager. points.

The funds for salaries, travel and fur- Indian Missions nishings were provided by the Boards through the Council, the owner pro- This Committee has been active in vided the building and permanent promoting the following lines of work equipment with service, the local com- during the past year: the survey of munity or nearby town gave moral the American Indian field: allocation support and aid, especially through a of responsibility for unreached and partially occupied fields among 46,000 committee of leading women. The general program was essen- Indians in the continental United tially alike in each of the stations" States; cooperation with other agenthough the group served was some- cies in the suppression of the peyote times Italian, sometimes Polish; one evil; providing for a unified program place needing especially the day nurs- of religious education in Government ery and kindergarten, while at another schools under trained directors; emspecial attention was given to work phasizing the need of suitable literafor older children and to those em- ture for religious education in home ployed by the ·cannery. At each there and school; stimulating cooperating was direct Americanization, and the Boards and Societies to strengthen alinculcating of honesty, respect and ready existing mission schools and reverence. Lessons in citizenship and provide adequate educational facilities sanitation, in practical home-making for the thousands of children not now and simple arts and crafts, served to in any school; urging the necessity transform lives and homes. To real- of strong Sunday-scbools, young peoize what the work means one must ple's work and community work know of the unspeakable conditions among the native churches,. mission in the shacks and bunk houses, of the stations and centers of Indian populaappalling ignorance and living habits, tion; standing as a unit for a native of the small rooms housing girls and Christian leadership, well trained, and older brothers and roomers indiscrim- the establishment of a central interlnately, of the gambling and smoking denominational institution for the :and bullying, of the lack of law and training of such leaders from all the 'order. One must follow the familv tribes of the United States and eventu- :groups from city slum to berry patch. ally from Mexico and South America. to vegetable garden, to oyster bed, and Practically ninety-five per cent. of 'back again over the cycle-a migrant the Indian young people outside of 'life without real home or opportunity those in attendance at the regular pub- lic schools are enrolled in Federal infor school or play. stitutions. In such institutions there is Spanish-Speaking People great need for a unified religious edu- The most conservative estimate of cation program under trained direc- Spanish-speaking people in the Soutl1- tion. The plan has already been car- west is at least 1,500,000. There are ried out in Haskell Institute at Law- eight denominations engaged in edu- rence, Kansas, and has met with cational work for these Mexicans, ann gratifying success. There isa great

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

need of simple Bible study courses and of the American Nation" have been Sunday-school literature for the Indian widely circulated, not only through young people. At the Wallace Lodge 6,000 copies but through the religious Conference in September, 1920, a com- press of the various denominations. mittee was appointed, to confer with the International Sunday School Les- It is of importance that we note the son Committee to devise means for strides made in inter-racial cooperagetting out a new Sunday School Les- tion between white and colored peoson sheet for use among Indians. ple, not simply in some sections of the South but in widely distributed areas. Developments of much promise for The very best and most Christian talnative leadership are looked for from ent of both races has been actively the recently organized "Indian VoIttn- enlisted. Attention should also be teer Bands" in two of the larger In- given to the progress of work for dian schools. The members are inter- Negroes in the North undertaken by ested in fitting themselves for positions Boards of ljlixed white and colored of helpfulness among their own peo- membership. The purely Negro deple, living as Christians in whatever nominations have been forging ahead walks of life they may enter. A num- in constructive missionary policies in ber of these young people have de- the fields of Negro education and clared it as their intention, God will- church life during the last five years. ing, to enter Christian callings. Recrn1t1ng the Home H1sslon FGnle8 Orientals in America The most imperious need of the The work among the Chinese be- hour is for Christian leadership. The gan in 1852. There are now 43 Chris- Committee has felt that it has been tian institutions for the Chinese in called into existence not so much as northern California-three are chil- a committee of survey as to find candidren's homes, one a Y. M. and one a dates-both men and women-whom Y. W. C. A. ; ten missions in southern the homeland agencies may definitely California; four in Portland; one mis- commission for longer or shorter persion and a Chinese Y. M. C. A. in iods. The Committee serves as a Seattle. The Japanese work was or- clearing house for the recruiting efganized in 1877 and now is in 40 forts of the various Boards which are places in northern and 32 places in constituen'ts bf 'the Councils. The southern California. The Korean various denominations have been work has been in existence about 20 largely individualistic so far as their years and is conducted in fifteen programs of effort at summer conferpoints in California. ences were concerned. Possible candi- dates were being lost between confer- It would be difficult to find any- ences and Board offices. where a more noble work carried on in a more noble spirit, or in buildings The Secretaries have done some colbetter fitted to express that nobility lege visitation work since the comof missionary enthusiasm than that mencement of the fall term. Investidone by the Methodist and Presbyter- gation has been inaugurated with a ian Boards in their rescue homes for view to the utilization of Board sec- Chinese girls. retaries and missionaries in an inter- denominational way. A mim who Negro Americans visits can recruit for twenty denom- The Committee has busied itself – inations as well as for one. He will during the past year in the promotion not have a knowledge as to the ex- of the platform of Christian principles act character of the need in particular enunciated at the conference of col- fields in denominations other than his ored and white leaders in New York own, but he will know types. The in- City on September 4, 1919. The facts formation thus secured by a relatively of the leaflet "The Negro, An Asset small group of men and women and

imparted to the appropriate Boards, if Home Envelope were issued for use properly followed up by each Board, with the junior book. Of "The Church will result in as definite and worthy and the Community," over 70,800 results as if the old individualistic were sold; of "Serving the Neighbor- method were further pursued. When hood," over 28,000 were sold; of "Mr. the richness and sweep and signifi- Friend-o'-Man," 10,600 were sold be- cance of the home missionary oppor- fore December 16. tunity are properly presented, it is not difficult to secure the thoughtful Three books are in process for consideration of the best type of stu- 1921-22 on the general theme "Fac- dents. Denominationalism no longer ing Our Unfinished Task in America," bulks large in the student mind. Stu- for adults a book by Dr. H. Paul dents think of denominations as co- Douglass, for young people a book operating, not competing units. They by Fred Eastman, and a junior book cannot understand why a dozen repre- which takes the form of travel stories sentatives of as many denominations by Mrs. Agnes Wilson Osborne. should waste their time in one institu- tion when one man can do the work Women's Federations for the group. In the early part of 1920 a "Sug- Study Courses g~stive Constitution" for state or local Women's Church and Missionary If new impetus were needed to the Federations, recommended by the devotion of the Committee it could be Council and the Federation of Wo- found in the example of those others man's Boards of Foreign Missions, who with passionate zeal seek to edu- was published by these two bodies. cate the masses with mistaken and Feeling the importance of joint action misleading formulas of salvation. A in regard to local federations the Com- multitude of cults and creeds that mittee of the Council and the Com- know not Christ, and have not God mittee of the Federation constituted in all their thoughts, are bidding suc- themselves a joint committee. This cessfully for the minds and hearts of committee is planning ways in which thousands of earnest seekers after to be of real service to local federa- truth. Christian education in its tions, especially in the presentation of widest significance must be the instru- suggestions for the annual program and activities. "'" ment of saving all such. It must be U i ' ',set over against the avalanche of sub- Committee on Consu1tation "tie half truths and falsehoods which On invitation of the Federal Coun- are circulated by the millions of copies cil of the Churches of Christ in Amer- in many languages and distributed ica, a conference between representa- throughout city and hamlet among. tives of the Federal Council and other people of every tongue and ,every interdenominational agencies was held color. The educational service, then, in New York City, December 13, 1920. of Home Missions becomes of first It was voted that it was "the sense importance as it contributes in any of this conference that there is need. wise to the spreading of Christ's for closer and more mutually support- ideals, and the essentials of Christian ing relationships between the agen- principles in human relationships. cies represented." As a result a Committee on Consultation was rec- Of "Christian Americanization" ommended "made up of representa- 117,000 copies were sold; of the jun- tives from each of these agencies to ior book, "Called to the Colors," 11,000 meet periodically to consider matters copies were sold. To accompany the of common interest and to study the adult book there was a supplement and problems of cooperation. The Coun- also a devotional booklet, "The Bible cil of Women has three representatives Message for the Stranger Within Our on this committee." Gates." while a Manual and a Take

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LATIN AMERICA "A little later came another letter 'Sunday School in Brazil with £3 enclosed, and with some dif- REV. HERBERT S. HARRIS was ficulty I obtained for him a copy of sent to Brazil as Sunday School the Catholic Bible. Within three Secretary last May. A central office months he wrote again: 'I beg you to was opened in Rio de Janeiro, and Mr. Harris has made a number of or- ask all the believers in Jesus Christ ganizing trips through the various to pray for my conversion. I have states. Recently an important step many difficulties.' Hundreds of Praywas taken in the appointment of an er-Circle members and others made interdenominational committee to con- this a matter of special prayer, while sider the merging of denominational I continued the correspondence with interests in the preparation of suitable ever-increasing hopefulness. Only a and adequate Sunday-school literature for Brazil. A new Methodist few days before setting out on my long Publishing House at Sao Paulo will journey to the Caraja Indians, I reissue a monthly lesson paper for chil- ceived a letter from Luiz, telling me dren, a quarterly for adult classes and that the great decision was made, and an annual lesson help for teachers, signing himself, 'Your brothel' in J esprobably Dr. Winton's Notes Expli- us Christ.' cativas. "Since then I have made a journey Another important advance is a to his town and found that the Pope's library, in Portuguese, of religious Bible had done wonders indeed. I pedagogy. Translators are now at found a fine Gospel Mission Hall, one of the best buildings in the town, enwork on the first four books of the tirely built at Sefior Luiz's expense. series: "The Sunday School at Much of the decoration, and all the Work"; "Learning and Teaching"; texts adorning its walls, were his own "Life in the Making"; and "Organiz- handiwork. Outside the building, ing and Directing the Sunday easily seen by all who enter the town, he has placed a huge carved Bible, in- School." scribed with the following words: 'Search the Scriptures'."

A Notable Conversion The Neglected Continent MR. F. C. GLASS reports a grow- Ryder Memorial Hospital ing interest in the Bible throughout Brazil. He writes: A N UNOBTRUSIVE and to many "Over a year ago I received a letter . an entirely unknown work is carfrom a Catholic gentleman in the in- ried on in a sacrificial spirit at the terior of Pernambuco. He had seen Ryder Memorial Hospital, at Humaour leaflet offering Bibles for sale, cao, Porto Rico. This is the out- growth of medical missionary work and enclosing about seven shillings, started by Dr. Schurter under the Congregational Board several years asked to be supplied with a Catholic ago. The little hospital accommo- Bible having the Pope's approval. I dates sixteen patients and is always replied that such a book would cost £3, but that I could furnish him with full. In one month last year 3012 the same book, minus the pictures, the patients were treated at the clinic, Apocrypha, and the Pope's approval aside from the regular inmates of the yet quite authentic and complete. He hospital. This work is all done by replied that he wished a Catholic Dr. Schurter as resident physician, Bible or none, whereupon I returned his wife as matron and one trained his money, adding a few tracts. nurse.

235

NORTH AMERICA (1) to acquaint the student with Second National Lutheran Councll present day movements in industrial THE National Lutheran Council, relationships and interdenominational formed by the merging of several cooperation; and (2) to give advanced Lutheran bodies, held its second an- instruction to those who expect to nual meeting in Chicago early in De- deal with the problems involved in cember, and adopted a comprehensive these movements.

program in which relief and friendly Among the· topics considered iri cooperation in Europe was the dom- their relation to church responsibility inant note. Reports at the Council are charity organization, child labor showed that every country in Europe and community recreation. The purwhere the Lutheran Church is found pose of the courSe on interdenominahas received assistance. In Poland a tional cooperation is to study the prinloan of 21,000,000 marks was ar- ciples which underlie the movements ranged for farmers, .whereby about toward Christian unity; and another five hundred communities were stabil- course on race relationships will conized. The region near Warsaw had sider the economic and psychological begun to thrive again when last sum- factors of the Negro question, the inmer's Bolshevist drive devastated. tricate problem of the Asiatics in about seventy per cent of the area America and the relation of immi- grant groups to our American comand a second loan is necessitated.

The Council authorized plans for a munity life.

World Conference of Lutherans in 1922, and urged a worthy celebration Rosenwald Fnnd at Work T of the quadricentenary of the Diet of HE following is an outline of the plan of the Julius Rosenwald Fund Worms, which falls on April 18, 1921.

Dr. Lauritz Larsen is President of in its beneficent work of raising the the Council. standard of rural Negro education World Convention or c. E. in the South. The program for 1920- 21 provides for the expenditure of THE fortieth anniversary of the $500,000 from the Fund, and $1,500,- founding of the Christian En- 000 from public and private sources. deavor Society will be marked by a World Convention in New York City, The school site must include ample July 6-11, 1921. During these forty space for playgrounds and for such years, it is conservatively estimated, agricultural work as is necessary for some twenty million young people the best service of the community. The minimum area for a one-teacher have been connected with the Society. school is two acres. In the United States nearly one-sixth of all the inhabitants are now or have Plans and specifications for every building shall be approved by the, been connected with the movement. General Field Agent before construc- while in missionary lands progress tion is begun. has been equally significant. India Aid will be granted toward the con- has 2000 societies, China 1200 and struction and equipment of only those even distant islands maintain such or- school buildings whose terms run at ganizations. They have also found least five consecutive months. their way into prisons, on ships of the . navy and in barracks of the soldiers. It is a condition precedent to re- ceiving the aid of the Fund that the people of the several communities Home Service Courses shall secure an amount equal to, or THE Union Theological Seminary greater than, that provided bv the. is offering special courses from Fund. .

January to May for students planning Every community ~rees to com- to engage in special types of Christian plete, equip and furmsh its school work. The aim of these courses is building within eight months after re-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

porting that it has qualified for aid Chicago Hebrew Mission, 1311 So. from the Fund. Kedzie Ave., Chicago, Ill.

To insure the protection of the Japanese Institute In Chicago property and to make the schools serve the broadest community inter- THERE are some five hundred Japests, Teachers' Homes should be pro- anese residing in or near Chicago, vided on the school ground. mostly young men. At least one-third of the number are students, who have At the close of every month the come to America with large· hopes State Department will be expected to and plans. The J apanese Young report to the General Field Agent any Men's Christian Institute provides a amount or amounts disbursed, with a place where these young men may restatement showing that the work has ceive a word of. encouragement, been inspected and approved by an friendly counselor even material asauthorized representative of the State sistance if needed. Many of these Department of Education. Thereup- young Japanese struggle with untold on the Fund will replenish its deposit hardships, and the Institute exists to in the amount disbursed. help them keep pure in heart, strong in mind and sound of body. Mr. The Southern Workman Misaki Shimadzu is in charge of the Institute. Jewish Evangelization in Chicago A"Jewish Negroes" THE reports given at the Annual REPRESENTATIVE of the Meeting of The Chicago Hebrew Jewish Forward is authority for Mission, held January 19th, were very the following account of a colored encouraging. During the past year Jewish center in New York City, with 11,722 personal calls were 'made upon members scattered all over the counthe Jews of Chicago, and 7,305 per- try. Their mission is to convince the sonal conversations held with them world that they, the Negroes, are the regarding their Saviour and Messiah. real Jews and that the white Jews are These resulted in the professed ac- usurpers. They claim that the Neceptance of Christ on the part of 44 groes are descendants of Esau, and Jews, and a number of Poles and therefore the real Jews, whom God other nationalities. During the year has chosen for His people. Because of there was a total attendance of 9,205 their long servitude the Negroes do children in the classes, clubs and Sun- not yet know their high estate, and the day-schools of the Mission, while a Lord has commanded twelve prophtotal of 35,000 adults and children ets to open the eyes of the colored were reported as attending the 192 to the secret which the sons of Jacob open air meetings conducted during have suppressed. As soon as all the the summer. Gospel meetings, moth- race learn that they are the real ers' meetings, and night classes were Chosen People the Messiah will come, held each week. probably not later than in 1925. The twelve apostles have initiated a com- The Book Store of the Mission has mune among themselves. All memdistributed during the past year, 3,012 bers of the Society, no matter where Bibles and Testaments, 61,431 Gos- they are, do some work. Everything pels and 562,410 tracts. In addition they earn they send in to the secreto that distributed in Chicago, litera- tary, and the twelve decide how much ture has been sent to 44 States and each one shall reserve for his or her 19 foreign countries, and there dis- expenses. They also decide where tributed by other Missions amJ by in- and how the members shall live and dividuals. Anyone desiring Testa- what they shall wear. The Society ments, gospels and tracts, either in also devotes it~elf to welfare work, English or Yiddish, for distribution among the Jews of their community, can secure them by writing Rev. Norman H. Camp, Superintendent of The

making no distinctions in color or land, was sent to Parliament protestreligion, their object being propa- ing against the mission as "derogaganda work. tory to the dignity and authority of the British Crown and a violation of The most interesting thing about the acknowledged Protestant constithese "real" Jews is that they believe tution of the realm; as being tantanot only in the Mosaic Law, but in mount to the recognition of the Pope Jesus Christ. as a temporal sovereign and the Pap- acy as occupying a position of equal- The Gospel by Caravan ity in matters of State with other powers; as a probable step toward TWO young Canadian women the resumption of permanent diplo- toured the province of Saskatche- matic relations with the Vatican wan and Alberta last summer in a motor caravan, which was equipped with * * * and, further, as being repugmattresses, cooking stove, tent, etc. They went 3,000 miles, visiting towns nant to the religious convictions and and going out to far off day schools patriotic sentiments of the vast maon the prairie. Fourteen districts and jority of the subjects of the realm." ten Sunday-schools were visited and The petition closed with an urgent demonstration classes held, also pic- appeal that the envoy be ~mmediately tures and books given to teachers and recalled. children. Five Sunday-schools were started in districts where there were Although this was not done, the no Sunday-schools. As there is no public was assured that this was Scripture teaching in the day schools merely a temporary appointment for in the two provinces, the children the duration of the war. In now anseemed to know nothing about the nouncing that this mission to the Vat- Life of Christ, and could not say the ican is to be continued, the Com- Lord's Prayer. mittee considers that the Government . Sixty children, who lived far away has not kept faith with the public. on the prairie, joined the Sundayschool by post. They will have les- Original Secession Magazine sons sent to them for each Sundav, which they will answer and have co~­ Independence for Scottish Y. W. C. A. rected. Twelve prairie day schools were visited, and Scripture lessons ON ACCOUNT of geographical, were given. Many Bible picture talks temperamental and ecclesiastical were arranged around the caravan, differences, the Scottish Council of to which children belonging to all de- the Young Women's Christian Assonominations came. It is hoped that a ciation last year drafted a proposal similar plan may be tried in some of for independence, and presented it to our western districts. the British National Council in Lon- don on May 20th. Partly as an out- EUROPE come of this request a conference of Scotland Protests against Envoy to English, Welsh and Scottish repre- sentatives met in London, October Vatican 19th, to discuss a plan of federation by THE Acting Committee of the which Scotland would be linked with Scottish Reformation Society, representing to a large extent the Prot- the Federal Council, and at the same estant sentiment of the country, has entered a vigorous protest against the time would have entire independence continuance of a British envoy at the in carrying on its own work along its Vatican. At the time this appointment was originally made, a petition, own lines. In pursuance of this plan, signed chiefly by the people of Scot- the Scottish Council has proceeded to draw up its own constitution. The work of the Association is being vig- orously pushed throughout Scotland, and revived interest in spiritual things is reported.

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The Finnish Mission Society stitution for Malta provides that all persons inhabiting the colony shall THE Finnish Mission Sodety main- have full. liberty of conscience and tains work in Africa and China, the free exercise of their respective as well as Jewish missions in Europe modes of religious worship, and that and home missions in Finland. The no person shall be subjected to any work in Amboland, southwest Africa, disability or excluded from holding has prospered as the field has widened. any office by reason of his religious Three evangelists have been commis- profession. Subject to this proviso sioned during the past year. After the people of Malta will be entirely the German missionaries were re- self-governing in matters of religion moved from Ukuanjama, the Finnish and will not be precluded from giving Society undertook the responsibility special recognition in education or of caring for the native congregations, otherwise to the religion of the overtraining teachers and continuing the whelming majority of the population." schools. Thirteen graduates are now at work among five different tribes. Evangelical Christendom As a result of the constant emigra.- AFRICA tion from Amboland to Herreroland, West Africa, the Finnish Mission has Educational Progress lost many members, but the Gospel has thereby been more widely spread. THE Africans of the western col- Rhenish missionaries provided even- onies and protectorates (Gambia, ing schools and devotional services Sierra Leone, Nigeria and Gold for about 10,000 Ambo immigrants in Coast) have combined to form a Herrerolancf, resulting in over 500 "Conference of West Africans," which baptisms in 1919. In the home sta- held its first meeting at Accra, the tions in Amboland, native Christians Gold Coast capital, in March, and are steadily striving for self-support. which. is likely to become a powerful instrument for consolidating African Finnish missionary work in China opinion and bringing it to bear efhas been seriously handicapped be- fectively on public questions. It passed cause of political conditions and the a number of resolutions of which difficulty of communication with the some of the most important urged the home land. Notwithstanding all necessity for a West African Univerdrawbacks, 188 converts were bap- sity which can give technical, industized the past year, and the native trial, scientific and professional trainchurch now numbers 1764. ing. Sir Harry Johnston is pressing for four African universities, namely, Religious Liberty in Malta one in West Africa (in Sierra Leone or the Kamerun), one in South Af- EFFORTS on the part of Roman rica (at Cape Town or Graham's Catholics are being made to secure Town), another in East Africa (at a declaration in the new Malta con- Zanzibar), and a fourth to be formed by giving Gordon College at Kharstitution that Roman Catholicism is tum the status of a university. the established religion of the island. It is known that the Government Missionary John Flazon of Malta wishes training in scienc'e and engiwrites encouragingly of the hope for neering to be given at Fourah Bay, but opposition to this sc,heme has been full religious liberty. On November expressed on the ground that it will 17, when the British Under Secretary produce theorists and not practical of State was asked in the House of engineers. Another important educa- Commons whether the new govern- tional movement is that for the better ment of Malta will have the power of training of African girls. conferring privileges on a particular church which are not enjoyed by C. M. S. Review other churches he replied: "Clause fifty-six of the draft Con-

Native Races and LIquor Trame W. C. Johnston was transferred to the Elat Presbyterian Church, he I T MAYbe reserved for Liberia to found that there was not only a fall- demonstrate to the African Contin- ing off in church attendance, but a ent what a dry republic can achieve. disposition to slip backward into The, new President has declared that heathen customs. The session decided "no consideration of the alleged ad- not to accept any new members, nor vantages occurring to the public rev- baptize any infants until they first deenue from the importation or local voted every effort to getting· the caremanufacture of alcoholic liquors less Christians into better form. At ought to weigh anything, in view of first the people were amazed, but soon the great evil which has been in the realized the meaning and necessity past, and is still being inflicted upon for such a move, and manifested a our country by their use." With the wholesome change of heart. advent of an enlightened and liberat· ing policy, together with the guidance A placard experiment was tried to of stich an able President, it is to be ensure promptness in church attendhoped that the liquor traffic in Liberia ance. Over the door was placed a will soon be a thing of the past. card reading "I am early." As soon as the service began the card was re- The action of the Dutch Reformed versed and the other side showed the Church in May, 1919, when they pro- one word "Shame." On the second nounced in favor of complete prohi- Sunday thereafter; only twenty-three bition with regard to the production, were late out of 1148. importation, and traffic in alcoholic liquors .is a marked feature of the MOSLEM LANDS fight now taking place in South Af- New AInerican University at Cairo rica against the proposals to increase facilities for obtaining liquor by col- THE launching of the new Amerored and native popUlations. ican University at Cairo has been attended by many gratifying and en- Life of Faith couraging features. Egyptians have universally welcomed the institution, Tbe Bible in Zande and 180 students applied for admis- sion. This number was finally sifted EIGHT years ago a party of Church down to 142, as the practical limit Missionary 'Society workers trav- of capacity for the first year. eled a thousand miles Up the White Nile above Khirtum, and then made The mission schools of Egypt entheir way three hundred miles through roll about 12% of Moslems in their swamps and forests to the Azande student body; the University enrolcountry, near the equator. At that ment is 75% Moslem. It was the time the Zande language had never hope of the founders to reach the been reduced to writing, and after future leadership of Egypt; an anmuch patient study the missionaries alysis of the present enrolment reveals made a vocabulary and grammar. In two sons of governors of Provinces, 1918, the Bible Society published St. three sons of mayors, four sons of Mark, and in 1920, St. Luke. These judges of the Superior Court and crude people, who had never seen a twenty-four sons of Pashas and Beys. single letter in print and at first held their books upside down, in about a Prayer is asked for the continued year had learned to read through the development of the University. gospel of Mark. Syrian Evangelists for Moslems l'ardiness Not Excused at Elat MR. CHARLES H. DANA, who AFRICAN Christians are not dif- is at the head of the Beirut Mis- ferent from many others in their sion Press, believes that· the Syrian· tendency to tardiness and irregular- race is the one to which the Chrisfian ity in church attendance. When Rev. world must look for the evangeliza- tion of Mohammedans. nne of the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

most effective ways of doing this, he New Zionist Orphange believes, is by educating and recruiting Syrians in the United States, who THE Zionist Commission has eswill return to preach the Gospel to tablished in Jerusalem a home for their neighbors. Several Syrian young men of ability have recently orphan children under two years of come to the United States to form a age. It is operated as a center for union which has this task for its cen- the education of mothers and girls tral purpose. and for the care of children. The plan includes branches throughout The freedom of the press from cen- Palestine where there are 4,500 Hesorship affords rich opportunity for brew war orphans, of whom 1,000 disseminating the Christian literature are in orphanges or in homes. so urgently needed in this new era. Dr. Zwemer once remarked that he Jewish Restoration ~fovement would never be satisfied until there is a regular air' service for the dis- THE re3toration of the Jews to tribution of tracts in Mohammedan their native land is well under lands. way. Now we are informed that a Jewish shipping company has been Kaiser's Land for Mission organized at Jaffa, with a capital of $1,250,000, to establish a Jewish mer- THE daily press reports that a chant marine for Palestine. This magnificent estate at Sivas, Tur- company will maintain passenger ser- vice between Jaffa, Constantinople, key, the property of the former Ger- Trieste, Odessa and other Black Sea man Emperor, has been deeded over ports as a means of transporting the to Miss Mary Louise Graffam, a mis- large number of immigrants crowdsionary of the American Board in ing in these ports on their way to the Asia Minor. This estate was ac- Holy Land. Freight service to stimquired by the German ruler in the ulate export and import trade is also era when German dreams of world planned, while a direct service is domination included the seating of contemplated with Liverpool for' the German dignitaries in all lands on a transportation of oranges from the scale befitting the representatives of rich groves near Jaffa. Other plans a dominant nation. It is not stated include the buying and selling of ships by what process the title to the estate and the erection of workshops for has fallen to Miss Graffam, but it is ship repairing. Hebrew will be the thought that pressure was exerted by official language used in the managethe Turks, who had come to have a ment of this company. high regard for her self-sacrificing service. At any rate,. she is now The whole country seems to be setmaintaining her orphanage on the tling down under the new regime and property, and has installed her indus- the first assembly of the Jews unanitrial schools comprising shops for car- mously passed a resolution favoring pentry, tailoring alld weaving. Be- happier relations between Jews and fore the war Miss Graffam's work Arabs, who are declared to be racincluded teaching algebra and Bible ially, linguistically and culturally rein the High School at Sivas and trig– lated. If this spirit holds sway, the ollometry in the teachers' college. She fear of friction between these two was church organist, mission treas- races will prove groundless. urer, director of relief work and itinerant missionary, and when the war Im>1A Am BURMA came she volunteered for service during the typhus epidemic, being made Nation," msslonary Council matron and head of the Red Crescent Hospital, an unsalaried worker, com- rpHE seventh annual Conference of mandeered as an alien enemy. .1 the National Missionary Council was held in Calcutta, November 11- 16. Representatives from Ceylon at-

tended for the first time and the mem- organized, but the results were most bership of the Council was increased encouraging. to fifty. There was a larger proportion of Indian members than hereto- The Fate of mndu Temples fore. Resolutions were passed regarding the admission of missionaries THE Wesleyan Methodist Missioninto India in response to a request of ary Society has issued its 106th the International Missionary Confer- annual report under the fascinating ence which met in Geneva last Aug- title "New Idyls of the King." The ust. The Government of India has report contains two striking incidents, classified all foreign missionaries as the first referring to the consecration recognized and unrecognized. To the of a Hindu temple to the Christian former belong all those whom the faith. "In Katnur in the Palladam Conference of Missionary Societies Taluk the whole village has renounced in the United Kingdom and the For- its idols and received the Christian eign Missions Conference of North faith. The temple, together with all America recommend. All such may the paraphernalia of Hindu worship, enter India without question. Others has been handed over to the Mission, must furnish credentials which the and the people, notwithstanding con- Government will accept. The Gov- siderable persecution and loss, are ernment, however, will work in co- most enthusiastic about the new operation with the National Mission- faith." ary Council, and except in rare cases will leave the matter to the discre- The other describes the work of tion of that body. some Hindu iconoclasts. In Kom- manur it was decided to make a clean Missionaries of alien enemv nation- sweep of idolatry: A procession ality cannot be admitted to india at went singing around the village and present. when they reached the place where foundations of an idol temple had Bible Selling Campaign been laid prayer was offered, after which one of the most influential of MISSIONARIES in India are at- the headmen with a crowbar began to taching more and more import- demolish the shrine, the younger men ance to Bible distribution. A recent working with a will as soon as he Scripture selling 'campaign in Cawn- gave the lead. It was impossible to pore revealed what can be done by complete the work in one day. So united effort, when the Union Zen- they contented themselves with deana Mission, the Presbyterian and the molishing the most significant part of Methodist Mission joined forces in the shrine. Then the crowd moved distributing Bibles at the meetings ar- on to the other temple, which was ranged for Sundar Singh. Within fully built. Again the headman led three days more than 1300 copies the way and the young men did the were sold, a result more noteworthy work after him. All signs and symfrom the fact that no pagan festival bols of idolatry were defaced and a was being held at the same time, for significant portion of the building was on such occasions sales are more thrown down. Since then both buildnumerous. Indian Christians and ings have been razed to the ground. missionaries went along the streets, spoke to people individually, in- Dnyanodaya quired whether they were .readers, and invited their attention' to the Systematic Evangelism Gospels. Often conversation began with individuals, and resulted I N THE Marathi Mission an evanin the coming together of small gelistic campaign is held once a year. crowds, among whom sales were Singing bands go out every day to rapid. The work was only partially different .places, and when a crowd assembles the Gospel story is told. This opens the. way to the sale of

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

many hundreds of Gospels and tracts. The total cost of supplying each leper At the evening service the people are with clothes, food, medicine and in- invited to meet and converse with the cidentals is about $4.00 a month. The Christians. Women ',workers carry maintenance cost of the Asylum and the message from house to house, and Home, except for part time salary of men gather audiences on the streets. the superintendent who is loaned by Each day begins with prayer, and re- the Presbyterian Mission, is borne by ports are made as to the number of the Mission to Lepers with headquar- listeners, Gospels sold, and striking ters in Dublin, Ireland. About 45% incidents. 'The week closes with a of the lepers are Christians.

procession through the principal streets. NHWB from Burma T 'The Gospel spreads its influence in HE last annual Baptist Convention and Missionary Conference was many ways. A group of Brahman youth at one time made the request of more than usual importance on for twenty-six copies of the Bible. account of being held in Mandalay When asked the reason for their re- which is the stronghold of Buddhism quest they said they were studying in Burma,' and therefore presented in the High School, Milton's "Para- abundant opportunity for Christian dise Lost," and there were so many' campaigning. In preparation, a week's references which they could not un- series of meetings and systematic derstand without referring to a Bible, home visitation. were carried on. they wished to have their own copies, The Burman is proud and stolid, though there was a large Bible in the and his religion and patriotism are school for reference. closely involved, so that results are dif- Twenty-five Years at Miraj Hospital fictdt to estimate.

For the Convention meetings a THE American Presbyterian Mis- bamboo "mandat" was constructed sion Hospital at Miraj completed seating 1500. The delegates were its twenty-fifth year of service in July, mostly from the two largest native 1919. A report just compiled for this Christian communities, but the hill first quarter century records a total tribes also sent representatives. The of 32,000 in-patients and 847,400 out- Kachins sent a group of two hun- patients who have been helped both dred, a striking testimony of mission- physically and spiritually. Five ary work opened to them thirty-nine branch dispensaries have been es- years ago; and a choir of twenty Lahu tablished. In the Medical School young men and women made another opened in 1907, seventy-three doc- interesting group. These last named tors have been trained, with thirty- were students from the Mission eight now in training. School at Kengtung, and had made Regular evangelistic services are 300 miles of the trip to Mandalay on held in the wards during the greater foot, the rest of the journey being cov- part of the year. The objective is to ered by train in two days. About demonstrate "the fact of Christ"- one-third of the Lahu race has been that mission hospitals are the result Christianized.

of His life and sacrifice, During the 'The further development of inde- twenty-five years, a self-supporting pendence in the native churches, was church with a membership of 150 has the central theme at this Conference.

grown up with the hospital. CIITNA Christ, the Hope of China The Miraj Leper Asylum was THE Canton Times recently deopened in the famine year 1900-1901 voted considerable space to the by Dr, W. J. Wanless, who has been with the Hospital throughout its history, and in 1918 a home for un- question, "What is China's Hope?"

tainted children of lepers was built. Various prominent men had been in-

terrogated on the subject and two of so are Christians always Christians the replies are typical. after having received baptism. I have' seen many persons join a Church and "Why do not the North and the have never seen anyone leave a South get together?" an official was Church. Not only so, but after one asked. "Can't you see that the divi- identifies oneself with a Church his sion of the two is injuring China in children and children's children all her world relations?" "I can tell yov become Christians at birth. If such in one word: 'Selfishness,' " he re- a state of affairs should continue, plied. "What is your solution?" The most of our people would become official answered: "I am convinced monks of this new type by heritage. that nothing can save China but re- The influence of Christianity in the ligion." West is decreasing from the 100th degree to zero, but in China it is in- A merchant of Tientsin was asked a creasing in the reverse order, from similar question and he responded: zero to the,IOOth degree. So, in ad- "I am not a Christian and I am too vocating democracy, we must try to old ever to become one; but I am spread popular education, reconstruct thoroughly convinced that nothing art, and at the same time lessen the but Christianity can save my country. influence of religion. There are many If Christianity does not save us, China now who, in their promotion of the is lost." new culture, also help to promote the new superstition; and so Christianity Pro!' Chen of the Government Uni- becomes a vital problem of to-day." versity at Peking is not a Christian, but in his recently contributed article Let Americans take notice that the in The New Young Man, China's conversion of one such student, and most influential non-Christian mag- the example of practical Christianity azine, he declared : "We do not need at home bears a geometrical ratio to to ask teaching of theology, and will the winning of China for Christ. not trust to any ecclesiastical cere- monies, nor do we need to emphasize Missionary Growtb at Sbnntefu any sect; we will go direct and knock at the door of Jesus Himself. We EIGHTEEN years ago the Presbywill ask that we may become one with terian Foreign Board opened a His lofty and great character and new station in North China at with His warm and deep feeling." Shuntefu. Today in the city proper and in the five out-stations there are Malaysia Message six churches and chapels, with about 1200 members and adherents. The Pagan PaniC country evangelistic work the past year has covered four counties and. A N ARTICLE written by a Chinese reached 80,000 souls with street preaching and lantern lectures. Eight . student now in America recently classes for men and sixteen for woappeared in the China Times and was men have been held for intensive intranslated for the Chinese Recorder. struction. Connected with Shuntefu The following is an 'extract from the Station there are eight day schools article: and two boarding schools, one for boys and one for girls. The boys of "The influence of Christianity is in- the boarding school conduct a night creasingly felt in China. Those who school for those who would otherwise embrace the old superstitions, with have no instruction. the exception of monks, priests and nuns, can renounce their religion In addition to treatment of inand regain their freedom at any time. patients in the Hugh O'Neill Memorial But those who accept the new super- hospital for men and the Grace Talstition must submit to a rite of initia- cott Hospital for women, more than tion. After having received baptism one becomes a Christian. Just as the Buddhist monks eternally are monks after having been burned on the head,

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seven thousand out-patients were ages from temple to temple, believtreated during the year. The Nurses' ing that in this way she would merit Training School is giving instruction the best of blessing in the life to come. to a number of young women who Every day she tramped many miles will be able to render Christian serv- and at night took the worst accommoice among the thousands who need dations she could find, helped each their ministry. Daily preaching and beggar she saw and took every opteaohing for ward patients is con- portunity of striking the temple bell, ducted by the hospital evangelists. but as the years went on, this and turn- ing the prayer-wheel became too much Christian Literature Society for her waning strength. Recently she tried even more dangerous places THE Christian Literature Society of ascent, feeling that the merit for China is now in its thirty- heaped up in her seventy years was fourth year. The thirty-third annual very near. In one of the temples the meeting of the Society was held Nov- stairs that led to the top were rickety, ember 26, in Shanghai: at which steep and dirty and she must have Bishop Lambuth and Mr. David Yui, trodden on a rotten piece of board. General Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. At any rate, she fell from the top to were among the speakers. The forma- bottom, and knew nothing until she tion of the Christian Publishers' As- found them treating her head in the sociation, which includes representa- hospital. Her way into the "Day of tives from the C. L. S. and seventeen Joy and Light" was long and weary, other publishing organizations, regis- but at last she found it and was ters progress in practical cooperation baptized. in the matter of production and distribution of Christian literature. Six For one short year the old lady thousand missionaries are at work in went about seeking by every means over six hundred stations in China, to lead others into the truth. She and alI are in need of helpful litera- had not much left to give and often ture. Whereas China's reading pub- said: "Over fifty years to Buddha, and lic of the past generation cared not only one short year to Christ!" how old a book might be it never grew out of date, with young China,' After her death it was found sh~ only a constant stream of fresh litera- had left the residue from her temple ture has an appeal. In order to mea- spendings to the hospital where she sure up to the spirit of the times the had found healing and light. Society in its forward look proposes among other aims: Cheerful Giving To enconrage indigenous production of ABOUT two years ago the China literature as an ideal to be kept in mind. Inland Mission Chapel. at Taih- sing collapsed, and those who were To appoint more Chinese on its direc- present at the time had a marvelous torate. escape from death. The building fund on hand was not sufficient to replace To take a more active part in the China the chapel, and the workers have been for Christ Movement. waiting and praying. Last year, Mrs. Wang, one of the oldest members of To urge non-contributing Boards for South Gate Mission and a widow, grants of men and money and above all asked the privilege of saying a few words after the service. Walking up To emphasize insistently the funda- to the platform she laid four bundles mental truths of the Gospel in all it~ of copper cash on the table and told literature. how she had sold her little property for 65,000 cash. Then one night the A Wasted Life Redeemed house in which she was staying fell in, and although several tiles fell on THE story is told of an aged Bud- dha worshipper who was brought to a mission hospital in Hangchow, suffering from a serious wound in the head. This woman had given the best years of her life to incessant pilgrim-

her she was quite uninjured. In her churches, eleven groups and eighteen wonder she suddenly remembered how meeting places with a total of about the Taihsing Chapel had collapsed 500 Christians. China is looking on and how God had protected the peo- with great interest in this growing ple from injury, and at once resolved work of a nation materially and nato give a tenth of her sale price to tionally weak. the work of rebuilding the Chapel. This gift has been the means of stim- JAPAN-CHOSEN ulating others to contribute, and the work is now assured. Christian Healing in Pyengyang Work for Women in Wenchow A SERIES of evangelistic meetings was held in Pyengyang, Korea, WENCHOW, the southern pre- throughout last November. Rev. C. fecture in Chekiang Province, F. Bernheisel writes of the very rehas a peculiarly difficult dialect, not markable results from the work of the visiting evangelist, Rev. Kim Ik-tu. understood in any other part of China. Prayer meetings lasting an hour were held every morning at six o'clock, at- One result is seen in the very large tended by fully two thousand people, and the interest in all the meetings percentage of illiteracy among the was sustained throughout the entire series. Mr. Bernheisel says that alwomen, and it was with a view to though he has been a resident of this storm center of Christianity for twenhelping them that Bible Schools for ty years he has never witnessed such scenes before. Mr. Kim is a gradu- . women were started some years ago. ate of the theological seminary at Pyengyang and has been for some The aim is to have a Bible School in years pastor at Sinchun.

each of the twelve districts mapped A few years ago his mother was ill and being a firm believer in the out, but this aim is not yet realized. power of prayer he made special in- tercession for her and she was sud- These Schools, which are of ten days' denly healed. It confirmed his faith in the power and willingness of God duration, are held in the country to hear prayer for the sick and he began to pray for other afflicted ones chapels to enable the women of the and time and time again they were healed in a way that was nothing surrounding villages to come. At one short of miraculous. Requests began to come in for him to go to other place, out of a total of sixty, more places and hold meetings, and wher- ever he went there were reported healthan twenty were church members, ings. His fame grew and he has spent the most of his time the last two six or seven were inquirers, twenty years in holding evangelistic serv- ices in various parts of the country. were interested in learning more of During the meetings at Pyengyang the sick and afflicted came long before the Bible while a few came out of morning in order to get front posi- tions near the pulpit. After the hour mere curiosity. Near the close of of prayer Pastor Kim called for those suffering from certain diseases to each course, an anti-foot binding show their hands. He then offered prayer, next he called for' the hands meeting is held. . of those afflicted with certain other Six of these Schools were held during the last half year, with a total attendance of 229, in addition to which there have been four weekly Bible classes for city women.

Korean Mission Assigned Territory T HREE Korean pastors in charge of a mission to Chinese in Shantung are supported entirely by Kor- ~an churches. The missionary bodies of Shantung assigned a territory 80 by 250 Ii to the Korean missionaries as their exclusive field, and have transferred all property and equip- ~ent to them, with the hearty approval of the Chinese. The population of the territory allotted is about 1.40,000 and has five organized

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

diseases, again offering prayer, and What a Westerner Stands For so on through the list of diseases. REV. C. P. HOLMES, Canadian He does not attempt laying on of Methodist missionary at Fukui. hands, but prays for the sufferers col- tells of an interesting experience when lectively. After several days had thus mile!! out of the city. A long line of passed he called for testimonies from public school children were out for those who· had been healed. Mr. a walk under the direction of their Bernheisel records a few of the best teachers. As they passed, the chil- attested and outstanding cases. dren called out various remarks, some One man who. had had no use of complimentary and others far from his left arm and was for some months such, but in the middle of the line unable to tie his belt exhibited before some twenty or more began to sing the audience his perfect use of the "Jesus Loves Me, This I Know."

arm and his ability to tie his belt. They had been in Sunday-school A thirteen-year-old child, deaf from somewhere and the missionary re- birth, during the time prayer was be- minded them of it. Another day a ing offered for him, felt as it were small boy in the'street of Fukui said .the air going into his ears and is now to him, "Jesus, lend me your tennis able to hear. He was brought to the net." To many of these children, platform and proved his ability to the Westerner is a synonym for Jesus hear. Christ.

One girl of thirteen, bedfast for two years. is now able to walk and proved ISLANDS it by walking across the platform in HIstoric Herrnbut the presence of the congregation. ST. THOMAS is one of the islands This girl is personally known to Pas- of the Virgin group, now owned tor: Kim Sun-du of the West Gate by the United States. Sixty years Church .who vouched for the truth before Carey, and what is usually of this case. called the birth of modern missions, the Moravian Church, under the lead- One man deaf for 27 years and un- ership of Count Zinzendorf, sent out able to walk now both hears and two of their number to minister to walks. the wretched and ill-treated slaves on this island, and in 1737 purchased a Not all who came were cured and "farm of sixty-nine acres, now known possibly some thought they were cured when they were not, but many as New Hermhut. The quaint old genuine cures were effected. Pastor church, built in the same year, stands Kim disclaims any power within him- to this day, and in it the pastor, a self to heal, and humbly gives all the black man, holds services every week. praise to God.

The membership numbers about 150.

Picturing the Light of the Gospel DR. SAMUEL D. PRICE, who at- Large Plans for Malaysia tended the World Sunday School Convention, says that the Japanese I N BORNEO there is still headare exceedingly fond of the "movies," hunting and one finds there the but most of the films shown in cherry lowest levels of savagery known in blossom land are of the "blood and the earth. Almost one hundred per thunder" type. During the Conven- cent of the millions of Java are iltion week a Biblical picture, "The literate. Their women are inexpres- Good Samaritan," owned by Bishop sibly debased. A circle around Sing- Welch of Seoul, was shown with verv apore with a radius of 1,200 miles marked effect. Bishop Welch is stii! would take in a population of over using this picture in Japan, with tell- 50,000,000, yet in that area there is ing results in his work. not one school of college grade. The Methodist Centenary provides for such a college. The Dutch Govern-

ment has promised three dollars out 2,194 Associations with a member- of every four needed to build a ship of over 868,800. chain of Christian hospitals in Java, Sumatra and West Borneo. Ten of 841 buildings owned by Associathese hospitals are provided for in tions, valued with other property at the Centenary promises, and one of over $128,000,000. them has been built. 85,106 laymen, serving as Y. M. GENERAL C. A. Committeemen.

Vatican and Y. M. C. A. 5,173 secretaries, employed to carry out the Association program of serv- THE Vatican decree against the ice.

. Young Men's Christian Associa- A Jew's Testimony tion asking the bishops of the Catholic Church to "watch an organization I T IS reported that the president of which, professing absolute freedom the Boston Chamber of Commerce of thought in religious matters, in- who is a Jew recently made the folstils indifferentism and apostasy to lowing statement: the (Roman) Catholic religion in the minds of its adherents," has called "You may be astonished to hear forth strong denial that the Associa- me, a Jew, say this, but in my opinion tion seeks to apostasize any man from we stand before two alternativeshis religious belief. It has' been either anarchy or Jesus Christ." douDted in some Catholic quarters that the Pope specifically mentioned To Regulate Marriage and Divorce the Y. M. C. A., but cable dispatches confirm the fact. This decree shows AN ORGANIZATION has been that the Pope is not reckoning with formed in the Protestant Episcothe spirit of true Christianity, and will pal Church entitled "The Society for react against the Vatican and its hold Upholding the Sanctity of Marriage," on the obedience of liberally-minded with Rev. Milo H. Gates, D.D., as Catholic laymen in America. President. The principles of the Society are: Evidence is not lacking that when the Y. M. C. A. was under criticism 1. Complete loyalty to the teaching of at the close of the war members of. our Lord, as witnessed by Holy Scripture the Knights of Columbus, acting un- and the universal voice. of the Primitive der clerical authority, had under- Churcb, testifying to the indissoluble chartaken a systematic campaign to dis- acter of the marriage bond, "till death." credit the efficiency of the Y. M. C. A. in its war work. The recently report- 2. Allowance of legal separation for ed order from the Pope is an exten- sufficient and weighty cause, but with sion of the same spirit of intolerance. no right of remarriage for either inno- cent or guilty party. Facts about the "Y" 3. Allowance for annulment for cause ALTHOUGH Young Men's Chris- preceding marriage, as in the case of tian Association work has been sexual impotence, imbecility, fraud, etc. established in more than two thousand communities in the United States and 4. The duty of studying these princi- Canada, fourteen hundred towns of ples, and making them and their reasons 5000 or more have not yet had the known in private and in pUblic. and by service of the "Y," while thousands the use of the press so far as opportuuity of smaller places need its program. admits. Since the first Y. M. C. A. was organized in 1851 in Boston there has A campaign of education is sugbeen a steady advance until there are gested along the following lines: today in North America. I. Letters, addresses, sermons, and ar- ticles in Church and secular papers.

II. The printing for free distribution of brief papers on such subjects as the fol- lowing: 1. "The Mind of Christ" concerning Marriage, and His supposed exception.

2. History of Marriage in the Church. East and West.

3. The Cruelty of Divorce Legislation versus the "Cruelty" of no Re-marriage.

4. The Statistics of Divorce in America as compared with Other Lands.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

5. The Effect of Divorce in the Roman Spain, Czecho-Slovakia, and the Phil- Empire and in Modern Pagan Nations. ippines report fifty-one evangelists, all of whom are supported by the Board, 6. Marriage from the Standpoint of except in Czecho-Slovakia, where Am- Sociology and Physiology. erican support is only partial. Sum- ming up the replies received to date, 7. The Influence of Woman in Society. of the 634 workers reported 268 are supported by the Board. These fig- Divorce data just compiled for ures indicate the progress made in 1916 tell a tragic tale. Forty Amer- developing initiative and responsibility ican counties, scattered through six- in the native church. teen states, show a divorce rate of over 300 per 100,000 population. Missionary Herald. Six counties had more divorces than marriages. In New Hampshire, Smne Bible Statistics where one might expect to find con- servatism, the rate was more than UP TO the end of 1919, the Word double that of Japan for the same of God has been printed in 713 year. languages and dialects, counting com- Missionary Qnestionnaire plete single books of the Bible. The Whole Bible has been printed in 159 I N ORDER to find how far the languages, the New Testament in 138 graduates of mission schools were more. The three largest producers being used in evangelistic work, a and distributors are the British and questionnaire was sent some months Foreign Bible society, the National ago to each of the 114 stations of the Bible Society of Scotland and the American Board. The following American Bible Society. The year among others were asked: "How 1919 was a lean year, but its figures many native evangelists are you us- are tabulated below: ing? How many are supported out of appropriations from the Board? A. B. S…….. . Bibles Issues How many through special grants B. F. B. S…. . from friends in America or other N. B. S. S…… . 354,387 . Total Christian countries?" 692,594 3,752,309 34,515 The Zulu Branch of the South Af- 8,746,963 rica Mission reports twenty-one evan- 2,154,192 gelistic workers, with only one supported by the Board. The majority 1,081,496 14,653,464 are supported by the native churches themselves. The Rhodesia Branch re- While no complete figures are obports at least ten in evangelistic work, tainable it is rro exaggeration to say only one supported out of the Board's that since the art of printing became treasury. West Africa has about 150 general, no fewer than 600,000,000 evangelistic workers, the bulk of them copies of the Bible, in whole or in being supported oy the native part, have been printed and circulated. churches; only twenty by regular appropriations of the Board. The Mar- Jewish Population of the World athi Mission of India, which makes a fairly full report, records ninety-three THE American Israelite has pubevangelistic workers, thirty-six of lished a calculation of the number whom are supported by the Board. of Jews in the world. The details are Ceylon has twenty-six, eight of whom as follows: are supported by the Board. North China, with two stations unreported, Poland, 3,300,000. names 131 evangelists, of whom thir- Ukraine, 3,300,000. ty-six are supported by the Board. U. S. A., 3,100,000. Seven out of twelve stations in Japan Russia, 900,000. report thirty, of whom eighteen are Roumania, 650,000. supported by the Board. Mexico, Germany, 540,000. Hung-ary, 450.000. Czecho-Slovakia, 450,000. British Isles, 300,000. Austria, 300,000. Lithuania, 250,000.

Jugo- Slavia, 200,000. At the Eddy Meetings Africa (excluding Morocco, Tunis aud AT ONE of the after meetings in Algeria) , 170,000. Egypt, Dr. Eddy with vigorous di- rectness illustrated men's failure to France, 150,000. accept God's free gift of salvation. Algeria and Tunis, 150,000. Holding up his closed fist he said: "I Arabia, 130,000. have one pound (five dollars) in my hand. I am going to give it to any Greece, 120,000. one who will come up front and get Holland, 110,000. it. How many believe I have a pound. in my hand?" Canada, 100,000. Turkey, 100,000. Two or three young men got to Palestine 100,000. their feet. To one, a boy of about sixteen, he said, "Do you believe I Australia, 20,000. have a pound in my hand?" Other European countries, 200,000. Other AsiatIc countries, 100,000. "Yes." "Do you believe I will give it to Other American countries 30,000. you?" In all, nearly fifteen and a half millioI}s. "Yes." "All right, come up and get it." Bnddhists Acknowledge the Bible's Worth A round of applause followed as the boy took the money. MISSIONARIES have more than "Now," said Dr. Eddy, to the once discovered Scripture truths others, "why didn't you get that freely quoted in Buddhist sermons, money? There are three reasons: Some of you didn't believe I had any but without quotation marks, making money in my hand. Some of you be- lieved, but you were ashamed to come the words of Paul stand out with new forward to get it. Others were just meaning. "In every way, whether in ready to come but you hesitated. For the same reasons you do not receive pretence or in truth, Christ is pro- the salvation that Christ offers.

claimed." A few years ago a mis- United Presbyterian sionary who visited a Buddhist temple OBITUARY was presented by the caretaker with William Baker of Ireland a book containing selections he had compiled from the sacred books of MR. WILLIAM BAKER, honor- ~ry director of the Bamado Buddha. The volume was found to Homes, died November 17, in his sevcontain the whole of the Sermon on enty-second year. As member of the Homes' Council and Finance Comthe Mount, but with no credit given mittee, Mr. Baker served the Institu- tion for eighteen years until the death as to its source. of the founder in 1905, when he be- caQ1e Dr. Barnardo's successor, and Life and Light consolidated the work begun by him. At the time of Dr. Bamardo's death Baptist vs. Roman Catholics 60,000 children had been supported and educated for a fair start in life. DR. E. Y. MULLINS thus describes Today the records show a total of the distinction between Baptists 90,000.

and Roman Catholics:. Democracy versus autocracy; indiv- idual versus a closed ecclesiastical systern; regeneration by the Holy Spirit versus regeneration by baptism; the direct relation of the soul to God versus the indirect; believer's baptism versus infant baptism; the priesthood of all believers versus a priesthood who are custodians of divine grace; the New Testament versus tradition and an infallible pope; personal faith versus proxy faith. In a word, Christ and His free salvation on the one side and the Church and its sacramental salvation on the other. There is no middle ground. Baptists are right or Catholics are right.

Watchman E%aminer

MISSIONARY

The Christian Movement in Japan-in- work for Koreans in Shantung, cluding Korea and Formosa. 8vo. China, is also in charge of Korean 377 pp. $2.75. Conference of Fed- missionaries. erated Missions, Japan, and 25 Mad- ison Avenue, New York. The statistics (in the pocket) are not separated as they should be to The eighteenth annual issue of this show Korean as distinct from J apan- ese work. They show 1096 foreign volume is filled with the usual valu- missionaries in Japan and Korea, and 4D in Formosa. Roman Catholics reable information on the Japanese Em- pire and missions there. The gen- eral review of the year is by Rev. H.

W. Meyers and is tersely and force- ported 452 missionaries in 1916. It fully given. The important position' is instructive to note that of the 3768 of Japan, the outbreak in Korea, the Japanese employed by the missions, position of Japan in Siberia, the re- less than one-half are professing lation of Japan to America, the dem- Christians. ocratic mpvement, sabotage, reform movements and the growth of the Of organized churches there are in Church are especially treated. Then follow the usual sections dealing with Japan and Kore!, 1173, of which 327 various types of evangelism, with ed- are wholly self-supporting. In For- mosa, there are 51 churches and 7286 full communicant members. The to- ucation, literature, young people's tal Protestant Christian constituency in the Japanese Empire is reported as work and social service. Some of 104,134, or one-seventh of one per cent of the population. Roman and these chapters are especially interest- Greek Catholics number a little more than the Protestants. ing and valuable, as for example, The Reminiscences of Daniel Bliss. those on Village Work, by Mrs. G. Edited and supplemented by his P.Pierson and W. M. Vories; Jap- eldest son. 111us. 259 pp. New York: Fleming H. Revell Comanese Immigrants and the Gospel, by pany. $2.25. 1920.

Miss Topping; and Saving Girls, by The founder and long time presivarious writers. . onIy ' F onnosa is represented III SIX pages by reports from the North and these are not adequate, especially in view of the fact that it is the fiftieth dent of the Syrian Protestant Col- anniversary of the founding of the lege in Beirut is here portrayed Canadian Mission. The hospital has most commendably. Dr. Bliss was been dosed because of the absence of born in Georgia, Vermont, in 1823 the doctors. Information is very and died in his Beirut home in fragmentary. 1916. The nearly ninety-three Korea is presented in 150 pages, years that intervened are recounted dealing with evangelistic, educational, very largely in the words of Dr.

medical, social and literature work. Bliss himself, with lesser additions Koreans are doing effective foreign by his wife and eldest son. He mission work among the one million states that while he was called Koreans in Manchuria and Siberia, President of the Syrian Protestant where they, allready have thirty College and professor of the Bible self-supporting Christian churches. and Ethics, he might more truth- "Wherever a Christian goes," says fully be styled "the Professor of Dr. George McCune, "he is the nu- Story Telling,"-a characterization deus of a church. He sets up a fam- which the reviewer happily remem- ily altar, and soon his home becomes bers to be warranted from the ex- the church of the community." The perience of a long railway journey . 251

made memorable by the doctor's nent men of his time in Britain and unique experiences narrated most America, from President Lincoln, fascinatingly. the Archbishop of Canterbury, lit- erary men and titled nobility, to His early years reveal a sturdy American philanthropists and per- hoy and youth, enduring hardness sons of influence in church and like a good soldier, upright and an state. This maker of Syria and advocate of the best things, and, Christian prophet, who lived in the despite the limitations of irksome Moslem world, is made to live be- tasks and of the later tanner's fore us, just as Dr. Bliss's statue trade, leading on to schools and in marble was evolved by a noted Amherst College and Andover I talian sculptor and was used as Seminary life. Working his way a text of all character and soul did not so engross his energies growth by the recipient before an that he failed to obtain an educa- audience in the College which he tion, though he entered the higher had made. How many men of institutions later than most stu- ninety-three have looked back upon dents and had too little time for so fruitful a life as Daniel Bliss of play and the lighter side of life. Syria?

At the close of 1855 he and Mrs. Letters of Javanese Princess. By Bliss left America on a 300-ton Raden Adjeng Kartini. Translated sailing ship for their new home and from the Dutch by Agnes L. Sym- life work in Syria, arriving in mers. 8vo. 310 p. $4.00 net. Al- Beirut in the following Feb- fred A Knopf. New York. 1920. n~ary. The first six years were given to ·.language study and Princess Kartini, the young daughthe earlier planning on the beautiful western slopes of Mt. Leb- ter of a Javanesee Regent, who was anon, where in academy teaching he began to evolve the later shut up in the high-walled palace, ·but college. Then came four strenuous longed for the freedom and light and years spent at home and in Great work of modern civilization, finally Britain in establishing the College managed to break the bonds of anand gathering funds for its de- cient custom, to lift the veil of secluvelopment. For thirty-six years he sion, and to step forth into a life of was active president of the institu- service. In spite of parental opposition where he saw its students in- tion and Moslem prejudice, she crease from sixteen to more than opened a school for the daughters of six hundred. Then for fourteen Regents, chose her own husband years he was president emeritus, (contrary to ancient custom), and with his son Howard nobly follow- lived happily until her death cut short ing the traditions of his aged her career. father. Princess Kartini's letters are really There is little in this volume charming productions that reveal the that is technically valuable to the soul and mind of a Javanese woman. educator, but there is much that They also show the early training, one would wish to find in the the home life and customs that are story of a life and a College whose hidden from foreign view. Missionmain objectives were the develop- aries to Java will find here a book ment of Christian character out of worth reading, and others will find the varied racial constituency of it interesting in its revelations. the Levant. There is also much of deep interest concerning lovely Finding the Way Out. An autobiogra- Lebanon, the awful atrocities of llhy. By Robert R. Moton. 8vo. the 1860 massacres, Dr. Bliss's 296 pp. $2.50. Doubleday, Page & Co. New York. 1920. multitudinous contacts with promi- The successor of Booker T. Wash- ington as Principal of Tuskegee In- (Continued on page 253)

MISSIONARY LIBRARY 2.53

(Continued from page 252) Filling the Gap stitute is evidently a man of character caused by the passing on of Dr. J. and ability. His life story is as full of interest as that of his predecessor. Wilbur Chapman and Mr. Charles Major Moton's father was a slave, M. Alexander is the task of the and the son, Robert, was born in 1867 Pocket Testament League. ::::.: . "" on a Virginia plantation. He learned much as house boy, and from his white The work of Dr. Chapman and friend, the son of his father's em- Mr. Alexander in connection with ployer. Robert's early education was the League must not be allowed to in the Bible; he went out to work in languish-the League must attain a lumber camp at thirteen years of even a wider and more potent in- age and attended a district school at fluence in the world. intervals. At eighteen, when he was leader of his church choir, superin- YOU CAN HAVE A PART in tendent of the Sunday-school and this great work-can help to put ready to be a deacon, he. went to the Word of God into the lives as Hampton Institute, where he later well as the pockets of j:eople be~ame disciplinary officer. throughout the world. Contribute to the Chapman-Alexander Memo- The Church and Industrial Reconstruc- rial Fuud or help actively by dis- tion. Edited by the Committee on tributing Testaments yourself. the War and the Religious Out- look, Wm. Adams Brown, Chair- Write for information today man. 8vo. 296 pp. $2.00. Associa- tion Press, New York. 1920 The Pocket Testament League Naturally, the world war has Incorporated brought world unrest in the industrial as well as in the social and political 156 Fifth Avenue world. This Report is a careful study NEW YORK of the situation in the industrial world. After a preliminary statement con- Montgomery Ward &Co. cerning the Christian interest in and approach to industrial problems, the MISSIONARY BUREAU Report take up the Christian ideal for society; unchristian aspects in the Chicago, U.S.A. present order; the Christian attitude toward the whole system; the Christ- has made a specialty or service to Mission- ian method of social betterment; steps aries in foreign lands for over 25 years. to be taken toward a more Christian Our Missionary Bureau will gladly fnmish industrial order; what individuals can information, and assist you in assembling, . do, and what the Church can do. The packing, and shipping your overseas eCjuip- appendices deal with history and bib- ment. You save money by taking advant- liography on the subject. age of our low carload freight rates. Before planning your OVerseaS outfitting write Major Moton is a strong character, for our MISSIONARY CIRCULAR and and understands both the Negro and large CATALOGUE of genera1merchan- the white man. His work at Tuske- dise sent free with gee has proved to be of high order. While this volume is not as distinct PRICES GREATLY REDUCED a contribution to the understanding of the Negro problem as is Booker Prices are reduced on nearlY all lines. On Washington's "Up From Slavery," many items our 1921 prices are more than it is an interesting study in Negro one-third below 1920 catalogue prices. Our development, and reveals the possi- catalogue will give you the lowest prices bilities of a high type of pure blooded obtainable on high quality merchandise. African. We guarantee safe delivery of our merchandise .

Anywhere in the World.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE }VOR~D in wrltln, to advertisers NEW BOOKS The Future The Gospel of W orId Brotherhood Ac- cording to Jesus. By John Clifford. Holds- 159 pp. $0.75. Geo. H. Doran Co., :~~~n;-~~i New York. 1920. The following rare among the many worthwhile articles which will appear in The Call to Unity By William T. Mancoming issues of ning. 12mo. 162 pp. $2.00. The Mac- miIlan Company, New York. 1920.

The Missionary Situation After the War. By ]. H. Oldham.. 62 pp. $0.30. Com- mittee . of Reference and Counsel, 25 Madison Ave., New York. 1920.

Tutors Unto Christ. Introduction to the Study of Religions. By Alfred E. Gar- vie. 250 pp. 4 s. 6 d. Milford, Lon- don. 1920.

THE MISSIONARY Primitive Society. By Robert H. Lowie. 463 pp. $3.00. Boni & Wright, New ~~WORLD York. 1920.

Adventures in Chinese Turkestan Everybody's World. By Sherwood By G. W. Hunter Eddy. 8vo. 273 pp. $1.60. George H. Doran. N ew York. 1920. Examples of Japanese Christians By George Gleason Quiet Talks About Life After Death. By S. D. Gordon. 12mo. 197 pp. $1.25. Evangelism in Hospitals in India Fleming H. Revell, N ew York 1920. By W. J. Wanless A Castaway in Kavirondo. 132 pp. 2 s. Church Missionary Society. London. 1920.

The Mexicans in the United States The Book of a Chinese Baby. By Mary By Rodney W. Roundy Entwistle 59 pp. I s. 6 d. United Council for. Missionary Education, The Unfinished Task in America Edinburgh. 1920. By Various Authors Yarns of the Near East. By Basil Missions and World Betterment Mathews. 80 pp. 1 s. United Coun- By Various Authors cil for Missionary Education, Edin- burgh. 1920. An African Pioneer By Jean McKenzie Pearl's Secret. By Mrs. Jioward Taylor. 85 pp. 2 s. 6 d. Morgan & Scott, These and other articles will help you in London. 1920.

preparing missionary programs and ad- The New Jerusalem. By Gilbert K. . Chesterton. 307 pp. $3.00. George H. dresses and mission study classes Doran. New York. 1921. W'lI Y I·OU introduce the REV lEW to others? Ten them of the good Gotama Buddha. By Kenneth Saunders. 113 pp. $1.50. Association P,ress, New things to come York. 1920.

Sample copy sent on request Star in the East. By E. N. Harris. 223 pp. $1.75. Fleming H. Revell, Missionary Review of tbe World New York. 1920.

156 Fifth Avenue The Near Side of the Mexican Ques- tion. By Jay S. Stoweil. 123 pp. $1.50. New York City George H. Doran. New York. 1920.

Frontier Folk By L. A. Starr. 96 pp. 4 s. 6 d. Church Missionary Society, London. 1920. PJcue mention TUB MISSIONA:RY REV1~W 0" TUB WOJU.D in writlnlr to advertisers

AND BUSINESS

CHAT –WANTED— ( Continued from page 171) A WOMAN MISSIONARY Home Missions received a report of their physician to take charge of a Woman's special committee cooperating with the Hospital in Central India. This hospital is "Review," and on recommendation of the doing the only medical and surgical work for Business Committee passed resolutions re- women of that District. appointing members to act on the Editorial Council as usual, and also appointing a A Missionary Teacher for a Girls' Boardspecial committee to cooperate in plans ing School in Shanghai, China. One who for strengthening the "Review" and ex- has had a few years of teaching experience tending its influence. The members of this preferred. Subjects-Bible and English. special committee from the Home Missions Council are Dr. Charles L. White, Execu- A Missionary Teacher for a Girls' Boardtive Secretary of the American Baptist ing School in Yokohama, Japan. Snbjects- Home Mission Society, Dr. John A. Mar- Bible and English for Grammar and High quis, Secretary of the Presbyterian Board School grades. Three Americans and twelve of Home Missions, Dr. Henry Beets, Christian Japanese are on the Facu1ty and Secretary of the Board of Foreign Mis- 200 students are enrolled. Of last year's sions of the Christian Reformed Church entering class of sixty, only eight are from and Mr. W. T. Demarest, Secretary of the Christian homes. Board of Domestic Missions of the Reformed Church in America. From the Correspondence regarding these positions Council of Women for Home Missions should be addressed to Mrs. F. H. Marston, were appointed Mrs. Philip M. Rossman, Candidate Secretary. Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, Miss Florence E. Quinlan and Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff. Woman's Union Missionary Society These committees have met jointly and 67 Bible House prepared a letter which has been sent to the NEW YORK CITY Boards with recommendations which it is hoped will receive favorable consideration. These recommendations, if adopted, will materially help to strengthen the financial position of the "Review," and will greatly extend its influence.

ANNUAl, MEETING oJ! THE REVIEW The Annual Meeting of the Missionary YOU CAN STAY AT HOME Review Publishing Company was held on and February 10th at 156 Fifth Avenue, New PREACH THE GOSPEL TO MOHAMMEDANS York The meeting was well attended by through stockholders, representing 269 votes, and The American Christian Literature by friends of the "Review.' The Treas- Society for Moslems urer's report showed the largest income (Incorporated In 1915 in our history-$32,21O.24-and expenses This Society is Interdenominational. Committees of Missionaries Cooperate on amounting to $42,617.85, The increase in the Fields. expense is due to large increase in manu- The Literature is Adapted to Moslems. The Messages are Thoroughly Evangelica1. facturing costs. . The Tracts are Printed Attractively. They go where no Missionaries are allowed. The Secretary's report called attention They can he read in secret and repeatedly. to the growth in the influence of the "Review," and the large amount of valuable Many Moslems have been converted through tracts. material published during the year. The Home and Foreign Mission Boards are Will you helpgive MoslemstheGospel1 considering plans for more actively co- WI1te tor Informa.tlon as to membership. neeCls••amoperating to promote the circqlation, and ple tracts. meetIngs of au:dllarles, etc., to to help meet the financial needs of the "Review!'

An address was delivered by the Presi- MRS. JAMES MONTGOMERY, Secrelary dent, Robert E. Speer, on "Present Day Movements toward Interdenominational Union and Cooperation."

Members of the Board of Directors elect- Box 888, New York City ed for the ensuing year are: Robert E. Speer, President; Frank L. OTimB orPla-R8 OJ' THII SOCIIIfT Brown, Vice-Presidenf; Walter McDougall, Treasurer; Delavan L. Pierson, Secre- Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer. D.D., of Cairo. Prel'ltdent. Dr. Robert E. 8oeer. of New York. Vlce–Prel!lldent. tary; Mrs. Henry W. Peabody (Baptist); Delavan L. Pierson, of New York, VI~PreatdeDt. Dr• .lamell L. Barton. Mrs. WIn. BB.ormdenn…. Mrs. E. C. Cronk (Lutheran); Prof. Har- Dr. Frlmk Muon North. Mr.. Wm. lan P. Beach (Cong'I); Frederick I. Col- Mr. Fennell P. TUrner. M!SB Anna A. Milligan ver (Boy Scouts); Wm. I. Chamberlain Wm. I. ChamberlaIn Mr•• Finley .l. Shepard. Dr. Charle8 R. Watson. Mn. D. L. Pfel8On. (Reformed); Fleming H. Revell (Publisher): Didcinson W. Richards (Lawy:er). BlIND GIrTS TO 14m. E. E. OI.oU, 1:1:1 W. 76$b St., N… York, Treu.

1'10* llIention TBlI MISSIONAIIY Rl!VII!:W of ~"R WORI.» in writing to a<tvertisers MISSIONARY PERSONALS HYMNS Rev. A. L. WARNSHUIS, D. D., National Evangelistic Secretary for China, sailed for for Shanghai on February 10. He has been named as associate secretary, with TODAY Rev. J. H. Oldham, of the newly organized International Missionary Committee. Dr. For Sunday school and church. Warnshuis plans later to return to London, . New hymns that voice the spirit of the headquarters of the new organizatoday, as well as the standard hymns tion. for all time. Sample sent for examination. * '" '"

Fillmore Music DR. JOHN R. Mo'l"t is at Asheville, N. C., resting after the incessant demands upon House '" '" . his strength in connection with various 527 Elm Street fields of Christian effort. Cincinnati, Ohio. R't. R£v. WILLIAM H. OveRS, Protestant $100.00 For Episcopal Bishop of Liberia, sailed for Your Church Africa by way of England on January 15, after spending several months in America in making known religious conditi<;ms of his field.

'" '" '"

REv. JASPER T. MOSES, of the Religious Press Department of the Federal Council of Churches, has gone to Mexico City to become manager of the Union Evangelical Press. He will also serve temporarily as secretary of the Committee on Coopera- tion in Mexico.

'" * * REv. WILLIAM FE'tL£R, General Director of the Russian Missionary Society, and his band of 26 workers are now on their way to Russia to work for the evangeliza- tion of that unhappy people.

'" '" '"

SIR HARRY S'tILEMAN, Rear-Admiral in the British Navy, has been appointed as the new Director of the Barnardo Homes to succeed the late William Baker. The Stileman family has long been identified with religious activities, and one of his brothers was the first Bishop of Persia.

Today's Housewife has helped * '" * churches allover the country to raise funds in a refined, dig- DR. GEORGE H. BICKLEY has been elected nified manner. Far superior a bishop of the Methodist Episcopal to the usual, threadbare, tiring supper, sociable or bazaar. Church and assigned to the Malaysia field. Not a cent of expense or risk. Write today for details, Church '" .. * R£v. A. E. THOMPSON, for eleven years Aid Department. Superintendent of the Christian and Mis- sionary Alliance work in Palestine, sailed in November for his post in Jerusalem. Mr. Thompson was forced to leave Pales- tine when Turkey entered the war.

* .. …

Rev. HENRY H. RIGGS who had gone to Harput to assist in the work of feeding the Armenians has been ordered out by Mus- tafa Kemal, no reason being given for the Today's Housewife order. … '" '"

A son of DR. ALEXANDER WHY'tll, the 100 Main St. , famons Scotch preacher who died in Edin- btjrgh in Januar)', is the first President of Cooperstown, New York the Popular House in the new Parliament of India, which is soon to give ameasnre of home rule in that country.

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NOTE-In many States the law now forbids Sanitary Communion Outfit Co. the use or the aim!;l]. cup at the communion service. It should not be necessary to await 600 57th Street th18 In your 0 y. The old style is unclf'an and u Many thoroughly Rochester, N. Y. good Christians ned from partaking of communion fa very reason. If you have not yet adopted the modern, sanitary corm:nunion CUD. let this be one ot your first forward steps 10 1921.

Please mention THlC MISSIONARY RE;VIEW olt 'tH'It WO:RI.D in writing to advertisers He now lives only in the hearts of those 'who knew him. For his example, his service to his fellow men and the Church, you wish to perpetuate the memory of this man, and pass on the kindly influence of this sturdy Christian character to coming generations.

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The Missionary Review of the World — February 1921

XLIV NUMBER

FEBRUARY, 1921 THE NEW NEAR EAST GEORGE SHERWOOD EDDY , THE TURKISH TREATV AND MISSIONS S. W.',BOGGS POPULAR IDOLATRY IN 'CHINA CHARLES E. SCOTT CAMBODIA, A NEGLECTED LAND ROBERT A. JAFFRAY IND IAN NATIONALISM AND MISSIONS D. J. FLEMING ORIENTALS ON THE PACIFIC COAST RODNEY W. ROUNDY $2.50 A. YEAR 2S CENTS A. COPY MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY COOPERSTOWN, NEW YORK 156 FIFTH AYE., NEW YORK

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_ O~ _______________________________~D THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN '- PIERSON, EJIk>r.

CONTENTS FOR FEBRUARY, 1921 Page FRONTISPIECE………… , .•….. CHRISTIAN INFLUENC~ ON ORI~NTALS IN AM~RICA EDITORIAL COMMENT…………………•..•..••………•…….'…….. 89 PRAYER AND THE PRES~NT CRISIS RECRUITING CHINESE STUDENTS EDUCATION AND EVANGELISM IN KOREA ANTI-CASTE SENTIMENT IN INDIA MAKING INVESTMENTS THAT PAY AFTERMATH OF THE TOKYO CONVENTION THE NEW NEAR EAST…………………. GEORGE SHERWOOD EDDY, LL. D. 101 An account of the evatlgelistic meetings in Egypt and Constantinople, with II' statement as to methods for evangelizing Moslems.

THE TURKISH TREATY AND MISSIOC>JS ……….. S. W. BOGGS, F. R. G. S. 106 A study of the changes due to the recent war and the treaties adopted by the AJlitd Council, in reference to their relation to missionary work in Asia Minor, Armenia and Syria. With map.

POPULAR IDOLATRY IN CHINA …………………….. CHARLES E. SroTT 116 A picturesque account of a visit to one of the holy mounts of China to which thousands of pilgrims journey each year. Illustrated.

CAMBODIA, A NEGLECTED LAND …………………… ROBERT A. JAFFRAY 123 A description of a little known corner of Indo-China, where there is practically no Protestant missionary work. Illustrated.

INDIAN NATIONALISM AND MISSIONS .•……•.•.•..••••.. D. ]. FLEMING 127 A study of the present movement for self-government in India, presented by the Secretary of the Village Education Commission, which recently studied the situation in reference to missions.

ORIENTALS ON THE PACIFIC COAST………….•… RODNEY W. ROUNDY 133 A report of the findings of an interdenominational committee that recently visited the Pacific Coast to investigate the situation in reference to Christian mission,ary work.

THE MISSIONARY MINISTRY OF D. M. STEARNS By STELLA C. DUNKELBERGER 139 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN EDITED BY MRS. WM. H. FARMER 141 MANY METHODS FRO MMANY MINDS …….. EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK 145 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS …………………………………………. 151 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARy………………………………………… 163 MISSIONARY PERSONALS NEW BOOKS ON MISSIONS TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copIes, 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1920, by Missionary J{eVlew Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Cooperstown, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

THF. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

Robert :It. Speer, Prelident Frank It. Brown, Vice.President, Delavan L. Pienon, Secretary, Walter McDougall, Treasurer Publication office. Cooperatown. N. Y. tditorial and Busines. Office, 156 Filth Avenue, 250 • copy $3.50 • year New York City• • Entered u aecond-tla.. matter at the Postoffiee Cooperstown, N~ York, undea tho Act of Much 3, 1879.

Copyrighted, 1921 NOW IS THE TIME!

NEVER since the days of Christ have so many Jews been really ready for Christianity. There are 3,000,000 or mOle Jews in our -country, and only 20% of them are connected with a synagogue, The 1ewish faith – thrives only under oppression. These Jews, enjoying American freedom, and in constant contact with Christians are seeing practical Christianity. Their minds are open to the printed Word.

The late Bishop Burch, who up until his death was Ptesident of this Inter_ denominational Society writes: "In the Hebrew-Christian Publication Society we have an agency which must in- spire confidence and hope. This organization, now in its seventh year, seeks to reach the Jewish people through the printed page. The Hebrew race is conspicuous for its love of reading; and the leaflet kindly tendered is sure of a tolerant reception. While the spoken word may arouse antagonism, often because of the spirit in which it may be offered, the printed word begs for silent thought, reason and acceptence. "In the person of Mr. B.A.M. Schapiro, the Managing Director, the Society pos- sesses a man of rare qualities. A Jew by birth, and a Christian by rebirth, he brings to his task a knowledge of Hebrew, Yiddish, and of the Talmud and Jewish Traditions which affords him a wide field of thought. His grasp of the essential doctrines of the Christian faith is comprehensive and convincing. His spiritual insight is keen and his devotion to our Lord Jesus (tried in the fires) is indicative of his call to His service. He loves his people and he writes for them with apostolic zeal. Eminent scholars have strongly endorsed his works and not a few have personally commended his method~, during the past quarter of a century. "The great question is an adequate supply of this valuable literature for the increas- ing'demands made upon the Society by Missionary Boards and individual workers. If the opportunity is embraced and at once, incalculable good must ensue. And I hope that this personal plea for a generous support of this laudable undertaking may find a cordial response on all sides by those to whom God has entrusted His stewardship. "

Will you help? Your Prayers and Financial Aid are needed now.

The Society, in order to give an intelligent idea of its aim and work will send to the readers of the MISSIONARY RlvIEwas long as they last, a set of the following pamphlets FREE. These tracts are classics, and while convincing to the Jew, strengthen and illuminate the Christian.

1. The Aim of the Society with Portrait of Mr. Schapiro. 2. Sacrifices, Their Origin and Significance. 3. Jesus and His Kinsmen. 4. Saul, the Pharisee and Paul the Christian. 5. The Mission of Israel Also a copyof the organ of the Society, "The People, the Land, and the Book. If 3Yzx6 inches of 96 pages. Write at once, even if you cannot aid financially. and secure these valuable publications, WITHOUT CHARGE.

The Hebrew-Christian Publication Society, Inc~ DEPT. P. 83 BIBLE HOUSE, NEW YORK CITY OurSupply of literature may not last-write therefore to-day.

Please mention THB MISSIONARY REVIPlW 01' THR WORLD In wrttiDC to adT8rtlser.

Students Attending a Christian Conference in

A Disciples' Mission for Japanese in Los Angeles, California CHRISTIAN INFLUNCE ON ORIENTALS IN AMERICA

~THE

EVIEWtfe VOL. FEBRUARY, 1921 NUMBER XIV TWO PRAYER AND THE PRESENT CRISIS D o CHRISTIANS realize the importance of prayer Y Do we know how to pray? When we 'Stop to think of the number of prayers offered every day, by all ages and all conditions of people, in all lands, in all languages, at all kinds of places and at all times of day and night, in 'public' ahd in private, formal and spontaneous, for all sorts of things material and spiritual-when we think of this volume and variety of prayer, it seems as though Christians must have some idea of its value.

But on the other hand, if we think of the hurried and formal way in which so many of us pray-the unintelligent and selfish petitions we offer, the lack of real expectation of an answer and the unreadiness to cooperate in bringing about the fulfilment of our requests-then it 'Seems as though the great mass of prayer is unreal and powerless.

From a human standpoint men believe in prayer. We ask guidance of officials or of strangers on the street, we ask protection from the police, we seek favors from politicians, we inquire for information from libraries and public bureaus, we petition the government ; we look for replies and plan to make use of the answers. But how seldom, comparatively, do our petitions to God make any material difference in our plans or methods of life 1 We know, when we stop to think, that there is tremendous need for all the help that God can give us in answer to prayer. The lack of wisdom in personal, social and political life ; the lack of power to solve problems of home and church and state; our failure to educate .children aright, to evangelize the foreigners in our midst, and to purify social, commercial and political life is proof positive that more than human wisdom and power are needed to achieve success.

We hear about, and at times experience, the practical results 89

of prayer. Sick are healed, daily bread is supplied, life is protected, doors are opened, purse-strings are unloosed, hard hearts are soft- ened, guidance is given, consolation is granted-m_~ny marvels are achieved in answer to prayer. Read the lives of Paul, of Luther, of Wesley, of John G. Paton, of Livingstone, of George Miiller, of D.

L. Moody, and of countless other men and women, and see the won- ders wrought through prayer.

It is fitting that in these days of unrest and uncertainty, w4en many men's hearts are failing them for fear,that we turn our thoughts to Him who alone is steadfast and unchanging. A Call to Prayer has been sent out at the beginning of the New Year by forty Christian laymen. They note the grave dangers that we face in national and international life. There is a prevalence of crime, a lowering of moral standards, a vast amount of physical suffering and an unreality in religious life that is truly appalling. It is time to turn to God for His solution of these difficulties. The Laymen's Call to Prayer is in part as follows: Every thoughtful person faces the New Year with deep concern. The world outlook is deemed gravest by those who best know international conditions. America fronts many-sided problems that will tax our every resource. In the realm of individual life the times are testing our soul-stuff. Human spirits everywhere are ·hungry for comfort and guidance. Do something we must: the hour is too critical for drifting. Only by spiritual forces can our civilization be saved from the unprecedented perils that beset it. The only way out is the way up. Our world will never get right with itself until it gets right with God. Only spiritual remedies can cure the present ills of mankind.

Therefore we call up~n all who believe that the living God hears and answers prayer to offer daily petitions in behalf of our troubled world-with all its international strife and jealousies and self-seeking; with its industrial unrest, its social unrest and its political unrest-that the Lord Almighty may suffuse the hearts of all people everywhere with a consuming desire to seek first the Kingdom of God and His righteousness. Then all other things needful may be added unto us, as promised by our Lord Jesus Christ. We crave for ourselves and for our time a revival of the sense of the reality of God, and of our dependence upon Him, and of a spirit of loyalty to Him.

By way of the throne of a prayer-answering God, even the least of us may wield a power for patriotism and for universal good will beyond all human calculation.

But there are other thlngs to do be'Sides offering prayer to God; if conditions are to be remedied. Men must be brought into harmony with God's ideals and plans and must be ready to make any sacrifice or render any service that will help to make God's will operative.

There is need for sincere humiliation, confession and reformation. Men did not learn the lessons God would teach through the world war, and now it may be that we must learn them through 'Social and financial troubles. Governments and individuals disregarded the la~s of God while professing to believe in Him. Now radicals are

EDITORIAL COMMENT

blatantly atheistic or agno'Stio. Will a period of open Godlessn~ss teach us what was not learned in the period of disregard f{)r the God we profess to worship ~ There is one lesson that we need to learn-an all inclusive less{)n-namely, willing submission to the control of God. He is not to be trifled with. If men will not have God to reign over them, they must experience the disasters of Satanic control. "No man can serve two masters," but he must 'Serve one master-he is not independent. It is time to pray and to cooperate with God to bring His v, ill to pass in harmony with our petitions.

RECRUITING CHINESE STUDENTS I NTENSIVE campaigns for military recruits were a familiar feature of the war period and even today a steady effort is being made to fill up the ranks of the army and navy with volunteers. The Christian Church is engaged in perpetual spiritual warfare bp.t too little emphasis is placed on recruiting volunteers for the ministry and mission field. In China a "Student Volunteer .Movement for the Ministry" is constantly at work under the direction of Mr. Arthur :&ugh, Executive Secretary and the Rev. Ding Li-Me, traveling secretary. Last May they conducted for one week a successful intensive campaign and succeeded in recruiting scores of new volunteers. From eight points 98 new ministerial recruits were reported and an even more important result was the Church's acceptance of the importance of pressing the claims of the Christian ministry on Chinese students.

In order to present the claims of the ministry widely and effectively, literature was furnished to every pastor in Protestant China and to 1,000 representative missionaries. Friends in many lands joined with the Christians of China in making the week one of intercession for more volunteers. The plan is unanimously approved and recommended as an annual event. Concentration of interest and effort brings commensurate results.

The volunteers are secured most largely through personal interviews of Christian teachers. Some have come through sermons preached by Chinese pastors whose lives and leadership have backed up their appeals. Many students have found helpful the literature published by the Volunteer Movement and other agencies.

"The time has come," says Mr. Rugh," to deal like Christian statesmen with the obstacles which are preventing many students from entering the ministry. The chief difficulty is economic. We know the danger of tempting unworthy men into a highly paid ministry. We also know that the Christian students who are fit for the ministry are willing to make a sacrifice and are not asking for luxury. They are, however, asking for. a chance to be efficient and

to grow and until these conditions are granted, those responsible for the settling of the grade of salaries must bear the responsibility for a depleted and ineffective ministry."

"There is a growing group of Christians in China, who have studied in missi<)ll schools or abroad, who are coming into places of leadership in business and professional life with income commensurate with their leadership. If the Christian laymen of China should agree to live by the same laws of economy which they expect of the pastors and -should spend the balance of their income through the church, the chief obstacle to an adequate ministry would rapidly disappear.

"The week of recruiting should and will be followed by an intensified, all the year round program of education and recruiting. " Most of all the spiritual life of the Church and the students must be intensified to, the point where spiritual realities take precedence over material things. The National Conference of Christian Workers which is to be held next year should undertake to solve the problem of. an adequate financial provision for pastors. It is hoped, too, that the Chinese Student Volunteer Movement will be broadened so as to include women workers and those who enter other fields of Christian service than the preaching. Three college girls signed volunteer cards wishing to go as evangelists to Yunnan. Many men have decided that they wish to help evangelize China but believe that they are called to serve in some other capacity than in the ministry. " 'The outstanding result of the special recruiting week was the demonstration of the fact that the strongest students will give their lives to the ministry in spite of all obstacles if enough prayer and effort are enlisted in the work of recruiting volunteers.

EDUCATION AND EVANGELISM IN KOREA P OLITICAL changes in mission fields always add to missionary problems, especially when unrest and military rule make life abnormal and curtail civil or religious liberty. This has been evident in Turkey, Persia, Egypt, India, Madagascar and Korea. On the one hand, governments are suspicious of powerful religious movements, even when they are avowedly non-political, as they are considered a cause of disturbance of the existing order among nonprogressive' peoples. Political unrest also tends to divert the attention of many from spiritual to temporal affairs. On the other hand, some of the most fruitful seasons in missionary work are the times of oppression and distress, when men and women realize the need of looking to God for strength and for the things that make life worth living.

In Korea these two forces have been operating against and in favor of ·Christianity. The Japanes(l are suspicious of th(l Christ-

19211 EDITORIAL

ians, and believe them to be anti-Japanese because they are progressive and patriotic. The officials also suspect the missionaries of siding with the Koreans. At a recent meeting of the Federal Council of Evangelical Missions in Seoul on September 30, Director Shibata, of the Japanese Educational Bureau, told the missionaries that the Government is not opposed to Christianity, but insists on loyalty to Japanese authority and ideals. Director Shibata said: "Because you have not sufficiently studied the national characteristics and institutions of the Japanese Empire you not infrequently want to apply Christian characteristics as well as institutions and the manners and customs of your native lands to things in thi3 empire. This often gives rise to misunderstanding and trouble: Especially is it regrettable that you take the respect we pay to a photograph of the Emperor as a form of worship and so oppose it. Such problems were discussed in Japan many years ago and nobody now has the slightest doubt about them. Nevertheless, I have found from your memorandum that you still seem to entertain doubts concerning this question. Remember that you are engaged in your religious and educational work in the domain of the Empire of Japan and study to understand more thoroughly the national characteristics and institutions of the empire.

Common school education should have the same aim in view, no matter whether it be gi,,-en at Government, public, private or religious schools. The policy of the private school and the education given in it should conform to the provisions mentioned in the Educational Ordinance. Its establishment is allowed only on the promise that it will carryon national education. In spite of this, there are often found among those concerned in private schools people taking an attitude indifferent to the fundamental aim of national education, causing much trouble and misunderstanding."

The Director refers to homage paid to the Emperor's picture. Mission schools have no ruling on this point, but the Chri'Stian Koreans themselves object because they look upon it as an act of worship. The Director also objects to religious education in day schools as contrary to Japanese ideas, but he overlooks the fact that Christian education is incomplete without instruction in the Bible.

In spite of the political unrest in Korea, "missionary work has recently taken on a new lease of life," writes Rev. Charles F. BerIlheisel, ofPyeng Yang.

"The trials and tribulations through which the Church has pa'Ssed the last year or two has deepened the spiritual life of the Christians and their conduct in those trials has commended the Gospel to many who before were its bitter enemies .or at least indifferent. A new spirit of evangelism has taken hold of the Church and everywhere last s~mmer preaching bands were organized and went about preaching the Gospel to great crowds of people. Thousands all over the country have thus heard the Gospel message and- responded to it, so that in many places the churches are crowded as never before. It seems that the Spirit of God is moving mightily on the hearts of this people to turn them from their sins to a life of righteousness.

"The gratifying thing about this movement has been the way

the Koreans themselves have initiated the effort and carried it on without the help of the missionaries. The only way in which a people can be evangelized is for the native to feel the burden of responsibility and undertake the task. That is what is happening here and we can only give praise to the Lord for it and pray that the movement may be genuine and that means may be found, for adequately looking after the work and thus conserving the new converts. «< «< * The officers of the churches in Pyengyang sent out three bands of seven iIUen each during August. They traveled about for two weeks each and wherever they went literally thousands of people assembled to hear their message. Among these men were some of the prominent merchants of the city. The workers' were laymen who were willing to lay aside their usual work for a while to give themselves to evangelization. Many hundreds of persons expressed a desire to lead a Christian life during those meetings. The mission college also sent out a company of students with their musical instruments to tour the country in an evangelistic effort. Great crowds met them everYwhere and hundreds of persons professed their faith in Christ. Even the young women of the churches have organized bands and have gone about the country preaching to mixed con- . gregations. This is an entirely new thing for the Orient. In many places the partitions dividing the sexes in the churches have come down. Boys and girls are also studying together in the same school room under acommon teacher. Where this forward movement will stop we cannot yet tell. The missionaries are trying to keep thlngs along proper paths.

I I The police have heard about this evangelistic effort and are using 'every means in their power to block it, going to the extent of arresting evangelists and beating them terribly and trying to make them promise to give up their faith in Christ. Of course this is denied by the higher officials and we missionaries are inclined to believe in the sincerity of the promises of reform made by the new Government-general. The police are, however, a law to themselves and the outrages they are committing make a sorrowful tale and keep the Koreans stirred up against their Japanese overlords. As long as the police continue to oppress the people so long will the country be in a disturbed state."

ANTI-CASTE SENTIMENT IN INDIA H ASTE has long been looked upon as one of the greatest ob- stacles to the progress .of Christianity in India. The Gospel of Christ teaches brotherhood, and that God is no respecte.r of .

persons. Caste divides men into sealed compartments, and forbids one caste to have fellowship with another. The restrictions of caste in India have been almost unbreakable, except as men have renounced them to enter the-Christian Church. Modern education and the intro-

1921j EbITORiAL

.duction of such institutions as railroads have had their influence in India, and today there aTe signs that Hindus themselves are looking at the matter in a different light. .

The Maharajah of Kolapur, India, expressed some revolu- tionary ideas in regard to caste at a meeting of the depressed classes at Nasik on April 16th. At the same time, he took occasion to commend strongly the British Government and Christian mis- sionary work. In the C6urse of his address the Maharajah spoke as follows: "If you people, poor and oppressed: are to rise from your de- pressed condition,. the work of elevation must be undertaken by leaders belonging to you by communal ties. Self-help is the key to success in all struggles. But I cannot adequately impress upon you that the most important condition on which your social uplift de- pends is the stability of British Raj in India. The British nation is the source of those elevating principles of equality, liberty and fraternity, for which you have been carrying on your struggle against your own countrymen. . . .

"The social differences which are based upon the mere accident of birth find no sanction from religion in any other country except ours. The ugly aspect which these social distinctions wear is most plainly reflected in the treatment which has been meted out to you by men of, the higher castes. Is it not a disgraceful thing that you who are our brethren should be regarded as untouchables, and should be treated in a way far less respected than cats, pigs and dogs T The principle of untouchability I venture to think is a recent addition to the religious scriptures which govern the life of the Hindus. For in this very place of pilgrimage where we are assem- bled today the bathing pond of the Ma4ars is situated in the midst of the ponds of the different communities. Of course, it is impossible to observe untouchability in such a situation.

"Notwithstanding this, is it not shameful that in ordinary life we should observe untouchability, and deny you the benefits of full and complete social intercourse' It is only when the higher castes in our Hindu society regent for this social crime that there will grow in them the true spirit of patriotism. It is then only that the educated classes, guided by the £pirit of love for their coun- try, can be expected to render you any pennanent help.

"A few days ago I had occasion to visit St. Columba Scotch Mission in Bombay, and I am an old friend of the American Miss.ion.

Miss Sutherland, Dr. Whail and Dr. Wanless have crossed the seven seas to· give our people life and education from selfless motives, caring for no more than mere necessities of life. To cause us no offense they have even adopted our ways of living, and even our diet. Such strangers who are nurturing our body and our mind . are indeed holy persons. . . . How Ipany institutions like the

foreign missions can we boast of who are helping the cause of the oppressed and the diseased with a selfless motive, working on the principle that to serve mankind is to serve God f .

"When we take into account the leaders of ordinary caste it is but proper that before we own them we should examine their ethics and their courage. We witness in Maharashtra a flood of sympathy proceeding from the educated classes for the depressed classes. But the same sympathizers never fail to make their women folks their excuse for not doing such cementing acts of social intercourse as inter-dining. None, however, can believe that the women of India who practiced sati for the sake of their husbands will ob- struct them in such a harmless a:ct. In fact, to blame the women of India as an obstacle to inter-dining is to do them great injustice. One is therefore thrown upon want of moral courage to practice the principle of secret opposition to the principle itself. . . .

"The other day in the Provincial Conference ·at Sholapur a speaker said that if the high class Hindus desire they can remove untouchability in no time. I should like to raise a query as to why this easy affair which can be done in no time is not done yet. A leader once extended his sympathy for the untouchables by stating that he had once made room in his carriage for the Ganpati of the shoemakers. Why has he not thrown off his caste prejudices publicly so far 1 And when is he prepared to do so T "It augurs well for the future that notwithstanding such leaders Hindu society is gradually losing its faith in untouchability, and my subjects will deserve self-government to the extent to which they show themselves prepared to treat one another with brotherly feeling."

MAKING INVESTMENTS THAT PAY A N INVESTMENT'S value is estimated on the basis of the . intrinsic value of the security, and the amount and the steadi- ness of the returns. Every one wishes to make life count for , as much as possible; every man with money to invest wishes to put it where it will continue to work for him as effectively and as long as possible. How often in these days have men and women 'Seen their ihvestments sink or disappear until they left no trace behind. How many have wished that they had had foresight to invest them in securities that were' truly secure, and that would continue to pay good dividends.

A very impressive list of investments, made by various Chris- tians in the mission fields, has recently been sent out by one of the Mission Boards. These have yielded large returns, and both prin- cipal and interest are still secure. Here are a few of the sample investments. They represent many more that might be listed in home and foreign lands. It is an encouraging report.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

1. In Glasgow a little girl had a great desire to be a missionary, but an accident prevented her from going to the foreign field. An article by the late Dr. A. G. GOQd on West Mrica attracted her attention, and she sent a gift to the Board to open up work among these people. The money wa'S invested in a mission station and called the MacLean Memorial in memory of the donor's brother. Now, after twenty-two years there is a church with a congregation of from eight to nine hundred people, and other preaching points. where some nine hundred hear the Gospel. Fifty-four evangelists and forty-five teachers are supported by the churches; 1200 boys are under instruction in the schools and many are relieved of disease.

2. In 1859, Mrs. David Heron opened a school for girls in Dehra, India. This school holds a unique position in all India today, having sent up the first girl, Indian or European, for university examination. She later became principal of Bethune College, and last year she founded a scholarship in the school in the name of her father. At a great celebration on Victory Day, English officials, the head of the Sikh temple, a Hindu recruiting officer, Mohammedans and Parsees, all spoke word'S of congratulation, while non-Christians exclaimed: "Can it be possible that all these girls are Christians?"

3. John G. Kerr, M. D., in response to the need of the neglected insane of China, .opened in his own home in Canton, China, in 1898, a hospital for the insane. As a result there is now a ho'Spital large enough to accommodate 500 of thes() unfortunates, and a plant worth $100,000. Evangelistic work is a strong factor in the service to these needy people, and not a few have gone out cured in soul as well as mind.

4. John H. Converse of Philadelphia and Rev. F. F. Ellinwood, D. D., saw an opportunity in the Philippines for training a native mini'Stry. In 1904 Mr. Converse gave the money for the land, and Dr. Ellinwood invested a memorial gift for a daughter to start a Bible School. Now, sixteen years later, 3000 young men and women have been influenced by the Gospel, and have gone out from Ellinwood School as preachers, Bible women, teachers, farmers, home makers, lawyers, mechanics and business men. It'S alumni are in all parts of the Island'S, in Hawaii and the United States. It has grown from one small school into a church with all a church's activities, a dormitory for students in the government schools in Manila, a high school, a Bible training school for girls and the beginnings of a union Christian College and theological seminary.

5. Horace B. Silliman of Cohoes, New York, dreamed of the pDs'Sibilities of· an industrial school for the young men and boys of the Philippines, and in 1901 he gave an initial gift ·of $20,000 with which to open a school at Dumaguete. The Filipino aversion to manual labor has been overcome, and thirty-four provinces in the Islands were represented by the 733 students enrolled last year. In

the student church are 265 members. On the Island of MindanM a few years ago a missionary found that while no foreigner had been at work there, the whole coa'St had been evangelized by the boys from Silliman returning to their homes in the summer and telling their friends of the new life which had been given them.

6. In 1901 Dr. Mary Fulton invested herself in a school for the medical training of Chi~ese women at Canton, and Hackett Med- ical College for Women was the outcome. E. A. K. Hackett of Fort Wayne, Indiana, gave an initial gift of $4000 for buildings. The in- stitution now raises annually about $12,000 for current work, and the alumnae have put into the bank $20,000 towards a new dormitory.

One hundred physicians have been graduated, all but two being pro- fessing Christian'S.

7. At Miraj, West India, in 1904, John H. Converse gave funds for a new hospital building. The land was a gift of the then prime minister of the State of Miraj. Mr. Converse always maIntained that this gift was his best investment and before he died nearly half a million patients had received treatment. Here the prince and the peasant are treated with the same costly medicines, and are attended with equal .care. .

8. Louis H. Severance of Cleveland, Ohio, gave the first $10,000 f.or the Severance Hospital and College at Seoul, Korea, when Dr.

O. R. Avison was the whole faculty of the college. The original in- vestment was multiplied more than ten times by Mr. Severance be- fore his death, and the whole plant constitutes probably the most ade- quately equipped medical college in the Orient. In the year 1918-19 there were over 43,000 patient'S. Many conversions take place, and a hospital church has been built up. Several other churches have swarmed from it, and from among the patients leaders have been developed for distant sections. A judge from the Korean Law Court was converted while a patient in this hospital, 'Studied for the min- istry and became pastor of the hospital church. .

9. In 1912 the cornerstone wa'S laid for a building for the Boys'

School in Tripoli as a memorial to the late Rev. Henry A. Nelson, D. D., Editor of "The Church at Home and Abroad." One Pres- byterian elder invested $10,000, and others added varying sums. The dividends are to be found in matured lives in many parts of Syria, Egypt and America. One lad who entered the school from a poor village is today one of the most efficient workers in the evangelical community in North Syria.

10. In 1917, through the generous gift of Mrs. Bliss of Prince- ton, N. J., a building was erected for the Boys' School at Petcha- burl, Siam, and named the William Rankin Memorial School, in hon- or of the former treasurer of the Foreign Mission Board. Today, the spirit of the School is so strongly Christian that Buddhist par- ents M.ve often been known to forbid their boys to attend, lest they

EDITORIAL

be won to Christ. Over half the School are members of the Christian Endeavor Society and the boys who go out from the Rankin School to Bangkok Christian College become Christian leaders.

It is true that" a man's life consisteth not in the abundance of the things that he possesseth." A truly" rich man" is one whose investments of time and money or life, work most advantageously for him and for his fellow men. The man or woman who "lays up treasure" for self, and is not "rich toward God" is indeed to be pitied. When the soul is called to give an account of stewardship, whose shall these things be that have been accumulated for selfish purposes t Only those investments really count that bear interest for time and for eternity.

THE AFTERMATH OF THE TOKYO CONVENTION S INCE the publication of our comment in the December REVIEW on the World's Sunday School Convention in Tokyo most of the delegates have returned. They are generally enthusiastic in their appreciation of the character and effect of the gathering. Some of the delegates are still on their way around the world, having visited Korea, China, Singapore, India, Egypt and Palestine, holding meetings in the interest of Sunday-school work in thosecoun- . tries.

Since exception has been taken by.delegates and others to some features connected with the Convention, it is but fair to give the testimony of other delegatpR and of the honored secr~tary of the World's Sunday School Association, who were differently impressed. Dr. Frank L. Brown writes to the Bund<ly School Times, where the most severe criticiSlIlls appeared, that there was absolutely no lowering of standards on account of the presence of non-Christians in the Patrons' Association, but that on the contrary the whole Convention program emphasized the "Saviourhood and atoning blood of Jesus Christ," that the foundation of the program was Jesus Christ, the World's Redeemer; the Bible, the World's Text Book; and that the climax came with the closing address on "The Ever Present Christ, the Hope of the New World." Dr. Brown says that he was incorrectly quoted in the REVIEW as expressing the bellef that" the day is fast approaching when Christians will clasp hands with Buddhists in a united effort to uplift mankind." What he said, at one of the functions in reply to an address by a Japanese, was that "we are one in the great essentials," meaning, not that we have the "Same essential standards of faith and practice, but that we are one in the same essential needs of our humanity and have the "same great need for God, for Atonement for sin, for moral and religious training and for immortality."

When Baron Sakatani was proposed, at a small informal gathering, for election as an honorary member of the World's SUllday

School A'Ssociation,' it was merely by way of pleasantry, since there is no such class of membership. The reference by Baron Sakatalli to the "Resolutions on International Relations" as "reading like a new Bible" was intended as an extreme compliment to the sentiments of righteousness and brotherhood expressed in those resolutions. They dealt uncompromisingly with the situation both in Korea and in California in their relation to Japan, but they were nevertheless applauded by Japanese and five thousand copies of them were printed and distributed among Japanese leaders.

The Patrons' Association, which was organized among Japanese business men to provide for the building and for other material comfort of the delegates, came as a result ·of a visit of Baron (now Viscount Shibusawa) to America, when he headed a Japanese commercial commissiDn some years ago. These business men formed the Patrons' Association on their own initiative. They had no voice in shaping the program of the Convention and no advance knowledge of what would be said in the addresses delivered.

Many missionaries in Japan give unqualified praise of the Convention and expres"S their belief in the helpful effects. on missionary work in Japan. Dr. J. C. C. Newton, president of the Kwansei Gakuin of Kobe, calls tlie Convention" simply marvelous" and saY'S that nothing has ever produced so deep and wide an impression among the Japanese. Similar testimonies come from the editor of the Japanese Evangelist, from Dr. H. W. Meyers and Dr. Henry L. Dosker of the Southern Presbyterian Church; from Rev. H. V. S. Peeke of the Reformed Church, Dr. George W. Fulton and Dr. J. G. Dunlap of· the Presbyterian Church North, and others. Two Japanese Christians, Dr. Kozaki and Dr. Ukai, members of the World's Sunday School Convention Executive Committee, write that "The total impact of the Convention upon Japan is good and only good. There ·can be no doubt that we are at the beginning of a great forward movement in Sunday-school work in this country."

We believe that serious mistakes were made in connection with the convention, but in the fa.ce of conflicting opinions in regard to the wisdom and the effects of some of the Convention incidents and features referred to, we can only re-state our conviction, to which the officers of the World''S Sunday School Association assent, that among Christians in the home church and in missions throughout the world there is need to stand firm and clear cut in our faith and Christian ideals, and to be fearless and uncompromising in our relations with those who do not recognize the Lordship of Jesus Chri'St over their lives. Christianity is not only unique as a religion but it is the supreme revelation for all mankind j and Jesus Christ is supreme as the only Lord and Saviour. Anything that tends to obscure this is detrimental to the cal.lse of Christian missions.

New Near

BY SHERWOOD EDDY; LL. D., NEW YORK Foreign Department Secretary of the International Y. M. C. A.

I T IS a growing conviction with many that we are facing a new day in the Near East, especially in our relation to Moslems. The War marked the end of an epoch. The present is the beginning of a new era. After a hundred years of missionary effort in Turkey before the War, with efficient and costly colleges, with churches, schools, hospitals and Christian evangelism there were practically no open converts from Islam to Christianity, and no Moslem was allowed openly to confess Christ and live as a Christian convert in his own community up tG the outbreak of the War. A few convert·s were killed, a few fled, and some remained in secret. No Moslem in Turkey could openly profess his faith in Christ. .

In Egypt the situation has been little better. The whole C{)untry was Christian before the Mohammedan conquest and the conquerors numbered at the outset only about one-tenth of the population. But by con'stant pressure and intermittent persecution the one-tenth has gradually increased until nine-tenths of the population in Egypt are Mohammedans. The million who profess Christianity are found chiefly in the ancient orthodox or Coptic Church. This sect is the successor {If the Church that once converted Egypt, and its martyrs were many, up to the age of Diocletian from which it dates its present calendar. The American Mission entered Egypt originally to win Moslems. But today all Christian bodies together are only baptizing ten or twenty Moslems a year while it is said that one or two hundred annually revert to Islam.

It is our conviction that the time has come for a great advance. After centuries of seed-sowing, after nineteen Christian centuries of witnessing, after decades of faithful work by Christian colleges, evangelists, hospitals and missions, we believe the hour has come to reap, even as our Lord has said, "Ye sa:y there are yet four months and then come the harvest ¥ But I say lift nn your eyes and look on the fields that are white already. I sent you to reap."

The open door in the Near East is indicated by the meetings recently held in Egypt and Turkey. We landed in Egypt in the midst 'of the unrest and ferment of thought created by the report of· the Milner- Commission which has offered to Egypt practical independence, with certain reservations where Great Britain defends the Canal, the means of communication, etc.

We began the meetings in Cairo in October. It is the largest city in Africa, with a population of nearly a million people, and is

not only the radiating center of influence for the "Dark Continent," but the intellectual capital of the Moslem world. The great el-Azhar University has 10,000 Mohammedan students from almost every Moslem country in the world. Arouud it are the book shops which are sending out the Koran and Moslem literature through the pan-Islamic countries.

During the first three days a Prayer Conference was held for some five hundred Christians and workers gathered from all Egypt, especially from the American United Presbyterian Mission, which has been doing a large part of the Christian work in Egypt for the last sixty years. The tide of blessing steadily rose as the meetings were concentrated upon the theme of personal evangelism and the winning of Moslems for Christ. God gave us all a deeper sense of the opportunity and urgency of winning the Moslem world.

The great Kursaal Theater was secured for the public evangelistic meetings, and as was stated in the January Review, many were turned away for lack of room. Another theater a block away was rented for overflow meetings and each night we spoke first in one theater to the women, then an hour in the big theater to 2,000 men, and then in the American Missi{)n Church to an after meeting of over 500 men each night. We could not account for the marvelous interest apart from the supernatural power of God and definite answer to prayer.

FOUNDATIONS OF NATIONAL LIFE On the opening night the theme was "The Foundations ofNa- tional Life." The four corner-stones upon which the new Egypt must be built if she is to keep her independence, were emphasized, namely, Honesty, Purity, Self-s,acrifice and Righteousness. The audience was with us on the moral issue for Eigypt is honey-combed from top to bottom in its official life with bribery and "bakshish," and it is difficult to see h{)w she can maintain her independence with . such terrible corruptiOl;t.

On the second night we spoke for an hour on "Purity." There was deep conviction, and several hundred men sent in letters or cards, or came in interviews confessing their sins, asking how they could find deliverance. On the third night the .subject was the "Existence and Character of God"; on the fourth night "What is Christianity?", on the fifth night "The. Call to Chri'Stian Disciple- ship"; and the last night, "Decision," or "Whtit then shall I do with Jesus that is called Christ Tn The majority of the audience was made up of Copts, but there were numbers of Moslems present who listened with fOurprising quietness a'S we preached Christ night after night In th~ after meeting scores of qnestions were 'Sent up and answered.

On the closing night a large number of men signed cards, as

'rHE NEW NEAR EAST

inquirers, confessing that they wanted victory over sin, or that they were in doubt and wanted to find God or to find Christ as Saviour. These inquirers are now being followed up by a hundred or more Christians in Cairo who promised to pray and work for Moslems, and the Committee has taken the Printania Theater to continue the meetings. Similar meetings were held in other centers in Egypt, in the Syrian Protestant Gollege at Beirut and among the Moslems and adherents of the ancient Churches in Smyrna. Everywhere we found the same open door. Two weeks were spent in Constantinople, the metropolis of the Near Ea:st, and the bridge between the Orient and the Occident. All nations are met here, and through its surging streets we see Turks, Bedouin Arabs, Kurds, men of the desert, dark skins of Africa, Levantines, Armenians, Greeks and young men of all the nations of Europe.

Upon arrivai we met the leaders of the different faiths and nationalities, members of the Cabinet, the Sheik ul Islam, the former Grand Vizier, the Armenian Patriarch, the head of the Greek Church and of other communities. The Armenian Patriarch invited us to address his people in the Gregorian Church in a service attended by himself, the bishops, clergy and a great congregation from this nation that has ,suffered for a thousand years. The head of the Greek Church invited us to address the priests of the Orthodox Church.

The Sheik ul Islam was also friendly and we were asked to speak in the Imperial Ottoman University to a select audience of professors and students on "The Present World Situation." The Turkish Minister of Education arranged two large meetings in a theater, one for six hundred Turkish women students and the other for twelve hundred men students. We continued meetings in the theater for students, Turkish officers and representative men of the city. I never felt a deeper sense of our common humanity than in the meeting with the Turkish women students. Over a hundred of them were weeping, and the whole audience was wonderfully responsive. Indeed, so long as one avoids controversy and attack upon them and their religion, the Turks are very open minded.

Every night in Pera, on the European side of Constantinople, we held meetings in the New Theater, speaking to a mixed audience of some twelve hundred Turks, Armenians, Greeks, Catholics, Protestants, Europeans and Asiatics. We spoke through two interpreters, one a Turk and the other a Roman Catholic, but both in deep sympathy with the Chr~stian message. During the last two. nights a thousand stayed to an after meeting, while we answered questions concerning their doubts and difficulties in the religious life. Many found Christ during the meetings. Finally the Roman Catholic young men of a certain order asked for a meeting for themselves. Then the Moslem medical college requested another, and on

all sides requests were coming in and doors of opportunity were open- ing.

In Robert College for three days we spoke to the student body of some six hundred men drawn from the whole Turkish Empire and the Balkan 'States, and in the Oonstantinople College for Girls. One entire meeting, nearly two hours, was devoOted to answering ques- tions handed in by the students.

We have no means of telling how many have found Christ dur- ing the meetings. But one thing is evident: the Near East is wide open for a great advance to a friendly approach to Mohammedans. The War marks the end of an old epoch and the beginning of a new era. A new day has dawned. In the Imperial Ottoman University and in the Turkish meetings we found tha~ the large majority of Turkish stndents, by the very process of modern education, have lost their old faith and are almost withont vital religion. Some are atheists, SoOme agnostics, and a large number have fallen help- less victims to sin. A new day of hope has dawned and a new day of reaping has come for the entire Near East.

HOW CAN WE WIN MOSLEMS?

Two methods stand out in clear contrast in the effort to win }[oslems to Christ: the polemic and the irenic; the meth{)d of argu- ment, debate, contrast and comparison on the one hand, and on the other the method of loving approach along lines of least re'Sistance; not to contrast one religion with the other but to bring every man face to face with Jesus Christ and let Him make His own winsome and irresistible appeaL The former method not only seemed nat- ural to us but often seemed to be forced npon U'S by the Moslem him- self. We placed in contrast Christianity against Islam, Christ against Mohammed, the Christian worker against the inquirer, and the whole conversation drifted almost inevitably into one of argu- ment. We thus aroused and called into conflict against us all the man's prejudice, his patrioti'SID, his loyalty, his deepest religious ex- perience and everything that he held dear. It was a tug-of-war. If we won the argument we were almost certain to lose the man.

The other method is one of witnes'S rather than of argument. In- stead of speaking as a Christian to a Mohammedan, instead of plae- ing one religion against another, we appeal to the man '8 heart and conscience. We speak to him as a man in sin, in need of a Saviour from 'Sin, and bring him face to face with Jesus as the Friend of sinners. It is not a new method, for it was the method of our Lord and of the Apostles. They did not win converts by argument but by per~onal testimony. In every argument there are two persons concerned, the worker and the inquirer. One is pitted against the dther. When a man truly witnesses for Christ there are not two but three person'S concerned, the Spirit of God, the witness and the ,inquirer. The whole approach is different.

THE NEW NEAR EAST

In the New Testament there are certain clear spiritual principles to guide us in our approach toO Mohammedans and to everyone else. Four of these principles, are clearly stated by the Apostle Paul in II Corinthians, 4 :2.

(1) The worker's own life must be cleansed. (2) He aims not to destroy error but to state truth; not to drive out darkness, but to let in light. (3) His appeal is not primarily to the intellect or to the emotions, but to the conscience and the will. (4) And he must work "in the sight of God."

Four other general principles in the New Testament guide us in our approach to the Moslem: (1) Seek the most favorable point of contact along the line of least resistance. (2) Our approach must be gradual, advancing one step at a time as the hearer is able to receive the truth, even as our Lord said, "I have many things to say unto you but ye cannot bear them now." (3) Bring the inquirer face to face with Jesus Christ and let Him make His own impression. (4) Above all else let God conduct the interview through you and keep the issue always centered upon Christ. Napoleon always chose his own battlefields. Let us do the same. We have but one, and that is Christ. Do not let the inquirer force the issue on lines of speculative theology, intellectual difficulty or debate. Keep returning to the One immovable center.

At the close of the month of meetings through the five principal centers in Egypt, a group of Christian workers met to consider the outlook for a friendly approach to Moslems. ,As the result, the following principles were suggested as the practical consequence of a change .of policy in our relation to the Moslems: "1. The immediate withdrawal of all controversial literature which in the end proves to have a militating effect on the Mohammedans, the literature which is unnecessarily offensive if on the attack, or bad-tempered if on the defensive. The literature thus withdrawn may be given away for informative purposes to Christians and to Moslem inquirers at an advanced stage. If the book is needed for sale or wider distribution it should be re-written. .

2. The only literature for Moslems which should be suffered to remain is literature of a suasive, informatory type.

3. Mohammed must be left severely alone. 4. Modifications in the style of preaching should follow the same lines as the literature. There must be much more conviction concerning the infamy of sin and proportionately less comparison of the respective merits of the religions."

In the light of the meetings held throughout the Near East, of altering political conditions of Turkey and Egypt and throughout the Mohammedan world, we believEp that the time is ripe for a direct friendly and loving approach to Moslems with the Good News of life abundant in Jesus Christ.

Only when the world shows a balance on the side of right- eousness, as against sin and selfishness, will peac€ be as- sured. -John E. Edgerton.

PARTITION

TuluyiD 1!14 1ciS1~~:: ~ K.rdul.. (nl.___u .dJniaUtntiH) ~ ltaliu tUDOImC iaBKSCt ~frt:IdI KMOIUt iafI.tllCf: ••••• lHtelaeStraib KILOMETERS 3QO 190 290 ">0 (See page 108). MAP SHOWING CHANGES IN ASIATIC TURKEY ACCORDING TO THlt RECENT TREATIES

Turkish Treaty and

Changes in the Near East Resulting from the War and Their Influence upon Christian-Missions BY S. W. BOGGS, F. R. G. S., NEW YORK Formerly in Charge of the Geographic Division of Foreign Surveys for the Interchurch World Movement A FTERMATH of the War-The last six years have brought to the Near East not only war. International ambition and the propaganda of contesting powers played incessantly upon the several racial and religious groups of the Turkish Empire, with the result that Moslems, as well as Christians, were found on both sides in the war.

Deportations and massacres extended and intensified suffering beyond all power to imagine or describe. The Armenians were the chief victims, but Greeks and other minorities were subjected to similar if less general ill-treatment. In the six months from April to October, 1915, all highways of Asia Minor were crowded with Armenian exiles, about 1,200,000 starting on their journey to the Syrian desert. It is said that 800,000 perished from the hardships and indignities inflicted on the way and feathered and fouJ'.footed scavengers trailed the driven and perishing hosts. The end of the massacres seems not yet reached, for only recently 10,000 Armen- ians were reported massacred at Hadjin.

The work of Christian missions was necessarily seriously affected by these conflicts, massacres and deportations. Impossible burdens in ministering to the needs of the war-stricken people fell upon missionaries almost everywhere and they have since been, and still are, most useful agents of tl~e relief organizations. German missionaries and missionary 80cieties have now been ex- cluded from the former Turkish Empire and this adds to the al- . ready heavy responsibilities of the British and American mission- aries who remain.

THE TREATY AND POLITICAL CHANGES A great change has taken place in the Near East in things political. The TUJkish treaty was signed in Sevres, .Frances, Au- gust Hi, 1920. At the same time, as many as six other treaties and agreements between the Allied powers and with newly created states were signed.

The principal treaty has not yet ooen ratified either by Turkey or by any of the victorious powers which imposed the terms. Neces- city may possibly dictate its revision in Turkey's favor before it is made effective. The treaty and the important "tripartite agree- 107

ment" have now both been made public. This tripartite agreement opens with the statement that the British, French and Italian Governments are "Desirous of aiding Turkey to develop its economic resources and of preventing the international rivalries which have in the past obstructed that development," and are" Desirous of satisfying the request of the Ottoman Government for necessary aid in the .task .of reorganizing its judicial administration, its finances, and in the economic development of the country."

The censorship is still rigorous. A British officer in Constantinople told a press represent.ative last summer, "we censor everything which we think might have a tendency to stir up unfavorable comment on what we are trying to do Qut here," and the principal powers continue to utilize presls facilities for propaganda purposes.

A cablegram was sent by Major Nico!, of the Near East Relief, from Beirut, June 14, 1920, from which the entire last half was deleted by the French censor. The message as sent reads: Personnel from Marash report Armenians in precarious situation, threatened by Turks preventing opening shops and field work. Periodic disappearances of individuals terrorize population. Near East still feeding five thousand, while business and farming neglected. Near East can continue palliative measures indefinitely, but reconstruction and reha1;>ilitation impossible under present conditions.

The part which wasl not transmitted by cable throws light on the whole Near East situation. It reads: Armenians are being made plaything of secret diplomacy. Only cure popular demand all Allied peoples that criminally irresponsible manipulation cease and security be re-established. Whole Alexandretta-Aintab-Marash section at standstill industrially. Brigands and Turkish Nationalists terrorize roads and villages. Let people know that diplomacy alone is ruining a prosperous land and destroying the Armenian race.

From the standpoint of Christian missions, the more important general provisions of the treaty are those with regard to mandates and religious liberty. Part I of the Turkish treaty (as in the German treaty) embodiesl the Covenant of the League of Nations. The article with respect to mandates reads,. in part, as follows: Article 22. To those colonies and territories which as a consequence of" the late war have ceased to be under the sovereignty 'If the States which formerly governed them and which are inhabited by peoples not yet able to stand by themselves under the strenuous conditions of the modern world, there should be applied the principle that the well-being and development of such peoples form a sacred trust of civilization and that securities for the performance of this trust should be embodied in this Covenant.

The best method of giving practical effect to this principle is that the tutelage of such peoples should be entrusted to advanced nations who by reason of their resources, their experience or their geographical position can best undertake this responsibility, and who are willing to accept it, and that

THE TURKISH TREATY AND MISSIONS

this tutelage should be exercised by them as Mandatories on behalf of the League . . .

Certain communities formerly belonging to the Turkish Empire have reached a stage of development where their existence as independent nations can be provisionally recognized subject to the rendering of administrative advice and assistance by a Mandatory until such time as they are able to stand alone. The wishes of these communities must be a principal consideration in the selection of the Mandatory.

Other peoples, especially those of Central 'Africa, are at such a stage that the Mandatory must be responsible for the administration of the territory under conditions which will guarantee freedom of conscience and religion subject only to the maintenance of public order and morals, the prohibition of abuses such as the slave trade, the arms traffic, and the liquor traffic, . . .

In every case of mandate, the Mandatory shall render to the Council an annual report in reference to the territory committed to its charg-e.

The degree of authority, control, or administration to be exercised by the Mandatory shall, if not previously agreed upon by the Members of the League, be explicitly defined in each case by the Council.

A permanent Commission sha1r be constituted to receive and examine the annual reports of the Mandatories and to advise the Council on all matters relating to the observance of the mandates.

By comparing the third and fourth paragraphs quoted above, it may be noted that the League Covenant does not explicitly "guarantee freedom of consoience and religion" in the mandate territories in the former Turkish Empire, as it does in former German .African territories. In the light of the difficulties heretofore experienced by Protestant missions in some of the territories administered by European powers-as in northern Nigeria (and elsewhere, where Moslems are numerous) under British rule; in .Africa, Madagascar and Indo-China under the French; and in Eritrea (where it now seems that Prote-stant missions may eventually be eliminated) under Italian rule-Christian people will follow with deep interest the administration of mandate territories in the Near East, the spirit in which the mandates are accepted by the mandatories, and the effectiveness with which the Council shall secure the" observance of the mandates."

The mandatories for the several mandate areas in the former Turkish Empire were agreed upon by the Supreme Council in San Remo in the spring of 1920, when the Turkish treaty was drafted. In general, the areas to which mandates have been given are those which are of commercial or strategic importance. "The degree of authority, control, or administration to be exercised by the Mandatory" was "previously agreed upon" and is stated in the tripartite agreement signed by Great Britain, France and Italy when they signed the Turkish treaty.

With respect to the territory left to Turkey, the treaty says.: Article 136. A commis~ion appointed by the British Empire, France, Italy * * * and Japan respectively, shall * * * prepare, with the assistance of technical experts representing the other capitulatory powers, a scheme

* of judicial reform to replace the present capitulatory system in judicial mat- ters in Turkey * * the Turkish Government * * * hereby agrees to ac- cept the new system. Article 141 Turkey is to assure full and complete protection of life and lib- erty to all inhabitants of Turkey without distinction of birth, nationality, language, race or religion.

Article 142 provides for annulment of forcible conversions to Islam since November, 1914.

NEW TERRITORIAL DIVISIONS The territorial and political provision of the treaty and agree- ments are summarized below. (Quotations not specified are from the treaty.) Turkey is probably to be deprived of an area of about 440,000 square miles and of a popUlation of 12,000,000, leaving to Turkey approximately 175,000 square miles and a population of 8,000,000.

TURKEY-IN-EUROPE. The parties agree to the maintenance of Turkish sovereignty over Constantinople, though Turkey may for- feit that right by failing to observe the provisions of the treaty or of supplementary treatie'S' or f conventions. Only a few hun- dred square miles in Europe are left to Turkey, all lying within the" Zone of the Straits."

THE STRAITS. The navigation of the Straits is to be open in future in peace and in war to every vessel of commerce or of war without distinction of flag A Commis- sion of the Straits is established with control over these waters, to which both the Turkish and Greek Governments delegate the necessary powers.

The Chairman of the Commission, sitting in Constantinople, is now a British general, and at present no vessel can dock. get oil, or pass through the Straits, nor can a foreigner secure a hotel room or have his passport viseed without the permission of British officials.

SMYRNA AND ENVIRONS. Turkey transfers to Greece the exer- cise of her rights of sovereignty -over a special area round the city of Smyrna, though "in witness of Turkish sovereignty the Turkish flag is to be flown on one of the forts outside of Smyrna.

After five years the Council of the League of Nations may grant a plebiscite.

Greece receives the Dodecanese islands, except Rhodes, (which goes to Italy).

With the defeat of Venizelos and the return of Oonstantine, however, the tendency on the part of the Allies is to let the Sevres treaty be revised if at all, at the expense of Greece, satisfying the Turkish Nationalists with the return of territory assigned to Greece in Asia Minor, and possibly some of that in Eur{)pe.

It is impossible here. to discuss the economic and imperial ob- jectives of Great Britain, France, Greece and Italy. The interests

of Great Britain and FrallCe conflict as do those of Italy and Greece and to a lesser degree France and Italy. Until the defeat of Veni- zelos, Greece served somewhat as the" economic soldier" of Great Britain. Mr. Frank Simonds remarks "we have seen in recent months the slow but sure division of western Asia between European powers exac;tly as Africa was divided a generation ago."

SOUTHERN ANATOLIA AND HERACLEA. The tripartite agreement between Great Britain, France and Italy provides that "the con- tracting powers undertake to render diplomatic support to each other in maintaining their respective positions in the areas in which their special interests are recognized," and fixes the boundaries of those special interests,.

Italy obtains certain rights to the economic exploitation of southern Anatolia, and of the Hocaclea coal area on the Black Sea.

Italy does not receive a mandate and apparently obtains no direct political control. Italy also receives Rhodes and the little island of Castellorizo.

SYRIA AND CILICIA. By the treaty, Turkey recognizes Syria· provisionally as an independent state, "in accordance with Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations. The mandate for Syria (together with part of Cilicia, or "Lesser Armenia") was given to France. It can not be maintained that in the case of Syria the "wishes of the community" were" a principal consideration in the selection of the mandatory/' for there has been much opposition to French administration and it is reported that the French have lost 32,000 men in Syria and Celicia.

The French have occupied Damascus. Emir Feisal was exiled and an indemnity of ten million francs was imposed on Syria. Pos- sibly the Arabs may assert their strength when they find the time opportnne. The French have also occupied the railroad north of Damascus to Aleppo and beyond. Their hold upon Cilicia- in Adana, Tarsus and Mersine-is precarious. They have met with stiff resistance from the Turkish Nationalists.

PALESTINE. "By the application of the provisions of Article 22 of the Covenant, the administration of Palestine is also entrusted to a mandatory . The declaration originally made on November 2, 1917, by the British Government, and adopted by the other Allied Governments, in favor of a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine is reaffirmed and its terms p-ited in the – treaty." Great Bdtain has received the mandate for Palestine.

"Palestine" is the territory west of the Jordan. while territory to the east is within the zone of British influence. Sir Herbert Samuel, on a visit to Es Salt last August, promised the Bedouin chiefs east of the Jordan that "a separate administration would be formed to assist the Bedouins to govern themselves. There would be complete freedom of trade with Palestine." It ip con-

venient to Great Britain to be in Palestine, assuring pro'tection of the Suez Canal on the east as well as the west, and affording a sub- stitute military base for the purpose if the coming adjustrllents in Egypt shall deprive her of that prerogative.

HEDJAZ, ARABIA. Turkey, "recognizes the Hedjaz as a free and independent state." The boundaries are not yet fixed. Hedjaz re- fused to sign the Turkish treaty, as it was unsatisfactory to Arab aspirations. During the war~ British officials actively encouraged Pan-Arab propaganda, and won over the Grand Sherif of Mecca, now King of Hedjaz, to the side of the Entente. The Pan-Arab movement took much firmer hold than was anticipated, and now seriously em- barrasses the French in Syria and the British in Mesopotamia.

In MESOPOTAMIA, where Great Britain receives the mandate, much trouble has been experienced at the hands of the Arabs.

Communications have frequently been broken in numerous places in the last few months, but comparative quiet seems to be approach- ing. Sir Percy Cox, Great Britain's most experienced and astute Arab administrator~ was suddenly dispatched to Mesopotamia late in the summer and Mr. H. St. John Philby, noted Arabian expert, accompanied him. The fertile plains' between the Tigris and Eu- phrates will soon be made to yield great harvests, and oil will go by pipe-line to the Mediterranean. .

KURDISTAN. Turkey accepts in advance a scheme of local autonomy for the predominantly Kurdish areas to be drafted by a commission composed of British, French, and Italian representative'S sitting at Oonstantinople. It will receive com- plete independence later if the Council of the League of Nations so recommends.

ARMENIA. Turkey recognizes Armenia as a' free and inde- pendent state. The President of the United States of America is to fix the western boundaries "in the vilayets of Erzerum, Tre- bizond, Van and Bitlis," and to arbitrate upon Armenia's access to the sea.

Armenia is the only area for whi,ch the Allies have wished the United States to accept the mandate. America could render an unparalleled service to a worthy people by taking this responsibility, and at the same time could set a wholesome exaIllJ>le in the manner of administering a mandate territory.

The four vilayets left, in whole or in part, to Armenia contain no coveted resou,rces. For either of the powers signing the tri- partite agreement to assume the protection of Christian Armenia from the Moslem Turk would inevitably embarrass that power in its rule over Moslems in Africa or Asia.

On November 25th the Council of the League cabled President Wilson asking America to mediate between the Turkish Nationali~ts

THE TURKISH TREATy AND M1SSIONS

and Armenia. The President cabled acceptance, conditional upon receiving necessary information and diplomatic support. Up to January 11th, no reply had been received. President Wilson has transmitted his findings as to boundarirs to the Powers, but they are not yet published, and may never become actual boundaries. Armenia, lacking cohesion, leadership and friends, has succumbed at last to Bolshevism. The awful tragedy goes on, largely because of the paralysis of America and the preoccupation of other Powers.

TURKEY-IN-AsIA. The larger part of Asia Minor remains in Turkish hands. The" Turkish Nationalists" have set up a government at Angora, headed by Mustapha Kemal Pasha, and continue to resist the Allies. They seem to be joining with the Bolsheviki, with whom they have made contact through Armenia and Georgia. It is impossible to foresee what will happen in this important region.

ARABIA. Except for the Hedjaz, Arabia is not within the province of the Turkish treaty. It is difficult to follow the succession of changes in the Arabian peninsula. Very little missionary work has been possible here, the only 'Stations being at Aden (under British rule) and in Muscat, Bahrein and Kuweit on the Persian Gulf.

NEW HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTED Important railroads were laid during the war. The Constan· tinople-Baghdad line' was brought nearer to completion, by Germans and British. Only the section from Nisibin to Tekrit is unfinished. The British also built from the Suez minal through Palestine to assist Allenby's campaign. Today the railroad is complete from Constantinople to Cairo, via Aleppo, Damascus and Haifa, and is all standard gauge except for the old Turkish line between Rayak and Afuleh. This gap is now being standard gauged.

Jerusalem is connected by standard gauge railway now with both Haifa and Jaffa, the new Jaffa-Ludd broad gauge being opened last October. Jerusalem now uses Cairo standard time, which is telegraphed -daily.

A railroad is projected from Angora east and southeast through Yozgad, Sivas, Kharput, Diarbekr and Mardin to the Aleppo-Baghdad main line, and doubtless when this is built and the country is quiet an arm will run up to Erzerum. thus connecting Constantinople, Cairo" Beirut and Baghdad by an all rail route with Tiflis, Batum, Baku, Erivan and Tabriz.

The war brought new importance to the port of Basra, (Busrah) on the Persian Gulf, with its new imposing wharves on which powerful electric cranes load and nnload the cargoes. Metalled roads radiate in many directions. The city has electric cars and the telephone service is now said to be more extensive than that of Bombay. Electric lights have been installed in the towns along the Tigris.

The day is not far off when it will be possible to board a train at a channel port, perhaps in London, and travel by rail continuously through Constantinople and Aleppo~ either to Cairo and Capetown, to Baghdad and India, or to Transcaucasia, Central Asia, China and the Pa..cific ports. The pivotal position of Aleppo is to be especially noted.

Aerial navigation is not to be overlooked. Regular commercial day-and-night aerial service may be expected from London to Constantinople within a year or two. Important links exist already, e. g., London-Paris and Paris-Strasbourg. Other links are promised soon. When the route is complete and well equipped, passengers may 'leave London one evening, travel 2,000 miles by air, and reach Constantinople in time for dinner the next evening.

The important position of the Near East, "crossroads of the world," is being accentuated with the establishment of every new railroad and aerial route that intersects it.

An;rusTMENTS OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS Dr. Zwemer writes: "Weare too apt to forget that the Near East has now had its Gethsemane. The war has plowed deep furrows in human hearts and lives. There are millions of orpham; and widows. There is not a home in some parts of Turkey without its vacant place. Islam is defeated on the battJe-field, disillusioned in its outlook, and distracted in its program. People are ripe for the ministry of friendship and the message of hope. The war has shown Moslems that Allah is no longer fighting for Islam as he once did. Their plans of rebellion and revolt, and even t1LOse more subtle endeavors cloaked in a program of nationalism to crush non- Moslems have failed. The Jew has come to his own in Palestine. The Christian in Egypt and Syria dares to hold up his head where formerly he was scorned and despised. Moslems themselves have begun a critical study of Mohammed's life· and teaching. This is evident fvom the new commentary on the Koran published as a serial in the leading magazine of Cairo, Al Manar. The whitewash is coming off. Educated Moslems are reading French and English hooks on the subject "There is new opportunity for the social message of Christ, the uplift of childhood, the emancipation of womanhood, and higher ideals of marriage. In this effort~ the missionary has for his allies all educated Moslems whose standards and ideals are no longer those of the religion of their fathers. Slavery has gone; the veil is going, polygamy and Moslem divorce laws are impossible under new conditions."

"No other part of the world calls for more thorough study of the adjustments that are needed in the years following the war,"

writes Dr. James L. Barton. The adjustments with respect to

1921J fHE TURKISH l'REA'fy AND

missions should be many, but they will be known in detail only after careful study. In general terms, they will surely include the following: 1. There must. soon be a large increase in the number of missionaries. The need is intense in the wake of the war, and Christians must respond in much la.rger numbers.

2. Because of the disruption of former settled life and the destruction of the means of support of many thousands, there must be an inm'eased adaptation to the economic needs of the people, without in the least losing the central spiritual emphasis. of Christian missions.

3. There must be a fresh study of the areas of strategic importance, in the light of developments in communication facilities, of the creation of new states with fresh access of nationalistic spirit~ the administration of mandate territories by European powers, and -the economic exploitation of the natural resources. The present importance of such centers as Aleppo, Damascus, Baghdad, Basra and Haifa must be recognized and mis'Sion work adjusted accordingly.

4 Special adaptations will probably be necessary according to the policies of the several mandatory powers in their respective mandate territories.

Missionaries will have not a little to live down-not of their own past, but of the actions of some of the European powers, e,specially during the last months. At the same time they have much to live up to-the wonderful devotion and heroism of scores of missionaries who have stood their ground at all costs for the sake of the men and women and children for whom they would gladly give their lives.

IMMEDIATE RELIEF FOR ARMENIANS NEEDED The Near East Relief is clothing and housing 7,768 children and feeding 25,872 others in Armenia. These little ones face death from the rigors of a mountain winter unless they have sufficient clothing. These orphaned boys and girls constitute the hope of the future in the Near East. They are the coming generation who will have to create a peaceful civilized, prosperous Armenia if that land is ever to be regenerated at all. The future depends, therefore, upon the aid we give them now. Hundreds of thousands who are living today would be dead had it not been for American reHef. Hundreds of thousands of Armenians are still refugees from their homes in Turkish Armenia, and have neither food nor shelter nor the means of getting either, themselves. What happens to them depends upon the generosity of the American people.

Idolatry In

A visit to the Sacred Mountain of Shantung BY REV. CHARLES E. SCOTT, TSINANFU, CHINA CHINA is a land of religious pilgrimages. Shantung, the" Sa- cred Proviuce," is especially notable for its Holy Mountain, "Tai Shan," to which have journeyed, for countless ages, more millions probably than to any other shrine. But many other hills are also crowned with shrines which make of them "Holy Mounts. " Many of these mountain"!, are locally famed for some god who sits in his temple upon its height to which great companies journey each spring and fall to trade and worship-mark it, to trade and worship! . To some of these sacred mountains Chinese evangelists and Christian missionaries also journey that they may preach and distribute tracts to the pilgrims.

One of these "Holy Hills," which I visited not long ago, is crowded with many temples. In one of these on the summit sits the heroic image of "Lao Niang Niang," also called " The Venerable Dragon Queen," or the "Goddess Who Protects The Wheat From HaiL" At times the hail de-stroys the wheat and the protectress does not intervene; yet, with the obdurate unreasonableness of superstition, the people again continue to press up to worship here, just as they have done for ages. When conditions are propitious the priests are in high glee, but this year when crops have failed and an awful famine i-s at hand there is great gloom.

At the pilgrimage season all roads are full of pilgrims-old women hobbling on their tiny feet, little boys in gala attire, mothers with babies strapped on their backs, men gossiping and story-telling -all pressing eagerly on to worship. Despite the fact that everybody would naturally wish to travel as light as possible, many a pilgrim carries a. bird cage with a singer inside, to relieve the monotony of the journey. From his point of view this is far more dignified and reasonable than the foreign custom of carrying canes or staves. Pilgrims from afar naturally form themselves into companies, both for protection and to while away the tedium of long, footsore journeys. Many pilgrims come as in a festive pageant, with banners flying and pennants waving. On the former are characters inscribed in praise of the idols, while the latter bear the sign of the Manchu dynasty, the image of the Dragon. In all the companies not one flag of the RepUblic is seen, for idolators are poor patriots. Many of them probably have never heard of the Republic, and when the new magistrate of that district po-sted an edict forbidding such festivals on the ground of the waste of time and money, THE LONG AND WEARYING ASCENT OF PILGRIM CLIMBERS TO THE HOLY MOUNT they paid not the slightest attention to it. Despite the command of the central Government, not a single queue was cut among all the thousands of pilgrim heads.

Some pilgrims come on horse'8, mules or asses, all gaily bedecked; others walk beside animals carrying ·on their backs small wooden replicas of the Temple of "The Old She-Devil" (as she was jocularly called) whose little image of wood is inside. It is considered deferential to bring these diminutive effigies of the "Hail Restrainer" to gaze upon her heroic likeness in the temple on the mount. Twice every month these materialistic and cynically devout fanatic.s in their own houses bring forth these little likenesses of the great goddess and bow down bef{)re them.

Many also bring with them the best miniature models of the local idol maker''8 art, temples, horses and servants, pagodas, memorial arches and triumphal gates. All are cheaply made of paper, gaily bedizened and mounted on corn stalks. Those who do not bring these oblations from their homes buy them at the fair, where there are hundreds of selfish purveyors like those in the temple precinct in Jerusalem, who make the shrine a den of thieves.

The travelers are clad in their best garments, 'Some wearing their padded winter clothes and some the thinner summer garb. SDme carry their food in baskets, some carry it on their shoulders. There are round loaves of bread of various sizes, strung together

and dangling in the dust; and fish, both dried and fresh, their tails flapping against their ,bearers and smelling to heaven. Practically none ·of the pilgrims have bedding, although the temple hill is far from the villages. Idol worship subjects one to many inconveniences, but every pilgrim, with wonderful optimism, expects to "get along somehow." "Hei la na Ii, ,su la na Ii," they say, i. e., "Wherever the night overtakes me there I will 'Sleep. " Each man, apparently almost with~ out exception, has two indispensables-a long-stenimed pipe and a tobacco pouch. The pipe he puffs through a big mouth piece which disfigures the mouth by long use. A Chinese official with whom I THE MANY TEMPLES AND SHRINES AT THE SUMMIT OF THE MOUNT am well acquainted told me these peasants have no conception of the use of a school nor a desire for one. When asked to help, their invariable answer is "no money, " and yet everyone has money for an endless supply of tobacco and wine. Heathenism has not learned to deny itself carnal gratifications for the public good.

As the pilgrims near the mount, prostrations and genuflections become more frequent. Proximity hegets fervor, and the incense paper burned along the road sends up clouds of smoke from the mountain 'Side, to the accompaniment of the dull boom from big fire crackers. The nearer the pilgrims approach the more the frenzy of the worship lays hold on thf'm, until each party, forgetting fatigue.

presses on up the slope with feverish step.

Whoever has not bought his corn-stalk gifts must first provide, himself with an adequate votive offering at the vast market that lies 'Spread at the base of the mount . For the smaller requisites a multitude of sellers crowds every available sitting place all the way up the hill, even crouching in crannies of the rocks.

Many companies bring their own bands, players of snare drums and clanging cymbals, big and little, blaring trumpets and shrilling fifes. The bands play with an abandon that stirs the worshippen;,- tQ frenzy. .

19211 POPULAR IDOLATRY IN CHINA

Each company, having provided its offering for the outer precinct, marches, headed by its band, pushing through the crowd, to the "place of burning," a large level area. The prie,sts a frowsy, ignorant, cunning lot, who are scattered all over the grounds to incite the people to madness, are there to .receive and to fire the corn-stalk, temples, pagodas, deities, servants and horses. Meanwhile cannon crackers are booming, fired in the midst of the crowd. The ·din is fearful. After each party has watched their gifts a'Scend in smoke they hasten to the temple precinct, with banners streaming in the breeze, and the band playing furiously.

tt: In front of the main temple, co~:~ue~~lt °to t;1~g~~ed~umTB~~ea;~~S.ani1 the bands halt while the wor- eSv~fh o~~~~'~ be, may be neglected. Not so the shippers go into the temple, prostrating themselves in the ashes and dust, and knocking their heads three times on the ground before the image. A special furnace had been built in front of the altar and into this great bowl the people cast their incense sticks which they had ~ought by the pack- age. The room was stiflingly hot, the ail' thick and heavy with dust and ashes and incense smoke.

Through the murk, pJ'iestscould be seen 'Stripped to the waLst, re- ceiving money, silver and copper, which they threw upon a great pile in front of the altar. Other priests with an air of indiffer- ence, were beating big drums and bells. All day long by relays, t1wv keep up the hideous din; while the pile of votive money grows steadily higher.

Conditions outside the temple !ll"e aImoRt a'S bad. The wide steps leading up to the temples are crowded so thickly with beg- TYPICAT, ll!,;GGAR ON THE MOUNT gars that persons can with .dif-

MISSIONARY AND EVANGELISTS JOGGING ALONG TOWARD PILGRIMAGE MOUNT All ride, Of' none . . The Chinese aye too democratic for any other arrangement.

ficulty ascend or descend. Ragged, many of them well nigh naked, filthy, repulsive, they insistently, incessantly, clamorously, vociferously ply their vocation. Gashes and !running sores are exhibited, fake wounds made up by the concoction of red or yellowish and other evil looking fluids. Groanings, whines and mumblings of maledictions upon those who refused them gifts, alternate with senseless benedictions upon the droppers of copper.

An old woman beggar, a hag scant of garments above the waist, and with a forty horse power tongue, pours forth a perfect stream of jargon-blessings upon whosoever drops a cash into her greasy bowl or into her greedy fingers.

Each company of worshippers, after having completed its first genuflections, pushes down through the beggars and starts on the· rounds of the other temples then~ to burn incense and kow-tow in . each. Idols are never solitary. Each of the associated temples had its quota and all must be placated. To the right of the main temple is that of the "Thousand Handed Goddess," each of the forest of hands being suppO'sed to dispense a blessing~always for a monetary consideration. In another temple is the" Buddha of the White Man, "

long expected to become incarnate as a great and powerful ruler.

Other deities include the Old Mother of the Tai Mountain, the "D'Og Idol, " who cures consumption and deities who protect horses, oxen and donkeys. .

To the extreme right is the "Women's Temple," inside of which are three goddesses, special patronesses of the gentler sex. These three goddesses are the "Restricter of Small-pox," the "Giver of

POPULAR IDOLATRY IN CHINA

Male Children," and "The Bearer of Riches." At the extreme left is a temple in ruins, where the priests have, for the festival season, laid loose bricks of the debris together for an altar, and in the ashes and dust, before chunks of mud that once constituted the idol, women worship and offer sacrifices to the "Seng Tsi Kwan Yin" (The God Who Presents Boys). Could anything more pitifully suggest the helplessness and hopelessness of the heathen religion T Behind the main temple is one consecrated to the" Ti San Lao Mu" (The venerable Mother of the Li Mountain), the goddess who presides over the hill where the Emperor Suin (mce labored as a farmer. None of the pilgrims to this temple or even the priests seem to know what they worship here. "They worship they know not what," but upon every altar, from out of the rag wicks of oil lamps, arises the smoke of useless sacrifice.

Everywhere, within the temple precinct, lying helplessly in fheir filth and misery, covered with the dust of the moving multitude, are the beggars who are truly sick, helpless, and sore-filled-with none to pity. Their naked bodies and vermin covered rags spread out in the sun present pictures of wretche~ness. Everywhere are traffickers of written prayers, crying their wares. Some of these prayers are printed on paper representing silver, or gold; others with the characters "ping an" (peace!) printed on them have the picture of the idol who superintends this "peace."

On the terrace in front of the main temple is a great pit, as of hell, around which gather rival bands playing wildly. Here the worshippers, after going the rounds of all the temples, and laden with additional offerings of paper money, written _prayers, incense PEOPLE CROWDING UP ST~j>s OF MAIN TEMPLE TO WORSHIP

sticks and cornstalk notables, push ruthlessly through the crowd of beggars; and cast their offering by armfuls into the pit. The smoke ascends to heaven, but there is no recognition of the one true and living God, the Giver ·of every good and perfect gift. By the time the worshippers haye gone the rounds of all the temples and have reached this point, they have worked themselves up into a religious ecstacy. The pit, the climax of the festival '8 orgy, is the center of a frenzy of excitement and pandemonium reigns.

In the midst of this orgy one can more clearly understand why God abominated the worship. of the deities of ancient Oanaan. Were the scene not so terrible the stolid, phlegmatic Ohinese, so wrought into a frenzy, would present an interesting psychological study. Out in the Ohinese villages one can see many an individual crazed with uncontrolled angel'; but here is a great company gone mad in a religious fervor. Parts of Paradise Lost, Dante's Inferno and the passages in Revelation concerning the pit and the dragon take on new and terrible meaning, 3JS we see here demon worship in all its gruesome hideousness.

Oontrast with such scenes the. gatherings of Ohinese Christian workers, who worship the Father in spirit and in truth, in such meetings as those connected with the" China for Ohrist Movement," and we understand more fully the reason for the missionary work in China. Here among the pilgrims Ohinese Ohristian workers distribute tracts and in other ways sow the seed· of truth that may yet bear a wonderful harvest. Ohina is worth saving, but she cannot be saved by such senseless and demoniacal worship. Christ is the only hope of China.

A CHINESE ON NICODEMUS' PROBLEM "If we had au ambition to become citizens of the sun and were suddenly transferred there in our present state we would not find ourselves adapted to its conditions. We would need a different body than that which we now have. We are seeking to be citizens of the Kingdom of God. Jesus said ye must be born again because such a transformation is necessary to adapt Us for that new country. Suppose a fish wanted to live on dry land and succeeded in getting there. Would he not be very wretched ~ If we got into heaven in our present condition we would be just as much out of our element as the fish is when he is on dry land and we would be just as uncomfortable. Only when we have been cleansed by the Holy Spirit and transformed by the power of the gospel will we be suited to become citizens of the Kingdom. Therefore 'Ye must be born again.' "

COURT YARD OF THE PALACE AT PNOM-PENH, CAPITAL OF

Cambodia-A Neglected Land One of the last lands of the earth to be entered by Protestant m2S- swnartes BY REV. ROBERT A. JAFFRAY, WUCHOW, SOUTH CHINA C AMBODIA is one of the five states of Indo-China, the other four being Tonkin, Annam, Cochin-China and the Laos, states of Siam." Pnom-Ppnh, the capital of Cambodia, lies 130 miles north of Saigon, and is a beautiful, modern looking city of 50,000 people. Here reside the French officials and business men, and the world-renowned, all alive Cantonese merchants, so that the streets of the city are thronged with busy men and women of many nationalities. The Roman Church is at work, but there is not yet one representative of the Gospel of evangelical Christianity to be seen in Cambodia.

Cambodia is situated on the eastern coast of the Gulf of Siam, between Siam on the northwest, and Cochin-China and Annam on the south and southeast. The area of the Kingdom is 67,741 'Square miles, and its population is 1,640,000. It is over nineteen hundred years since Christ died and rose again and commanded His fol- • The Christian and Missionary Alliance is the only Protestant Missionary Society working In Tonkin, Annam and Cochin-China. They have opened one main station in each of these !tates. There are nine Alliance mis.sionaries dn the field and four on fur1ough. The Swiss Brethren haTe had a !tation in Laos for some yean. Rev. John D. Olsen of Saigon and the writer made a trip to the Capitol of Cambodia in February, 1920, to prospect for missionary work. R. A. J. 123

lowers to. "preach the Gospel to every creature," and yet this race of His creatures have never had a real opportunity to know His message of salvation. The Roman Catholic Church has attempted a little work in Cambodia, but the light it has brought is dim and uncertain. The Gospel of Luke has been translated into Cambodian, but apart from this, we know of little that has been done to lead these people out of their darkness, ·superstition and sin to the only Redeemer of the world.

Although Cambodia, politically, is a part of French Indo-China, yet a.s a race, the Cambodian is of a very different type from the SOME OF THE HOUSES IN WHICH CAMBODIANS LIVE Annamese. They much resemble the people of India, and are of better physique than either the Annamese or the Chinese, being tall and robust. They are also of a darker complexion than the Annamese-copper-colored rather than yellow.

The religion of the Cambodian is a development of Buddhism from India, but with ancestral worship taking a very prominent place. We saw a large llumbm of young men in Pnom-Penh wearing a broad yellow sash and we were told that it indicated that they were in training for priesthood. Atlea'St one son in each family must take a course which prepares him to be the priest of the family. At the close of a very brief statement about the religion of the peopIe of Cambodia in a popular encyclopaedia, we read: "Christianity has made very little progress." By" Christianity" is meant the Roman Catholic Church, for there has been no attempt whatsoever on the

CAM1l0DtA-A NECLECTED J..AND

part of the Protestant Church to open mission work in Cambodia. The Church of Rome frankly acknowledges that they have made but little progress among the Cambodians. Whenever Christ is faithfully presented to these men and women they will, we believe, respond to His matchless grace and love, and will acce:et Him as their personal Saviour. We do not promise an easy field but to him who does not count his life dear unto himself, to him who is willing to work faithfully and "endure hardness" for the Master's sake, to him who is ready to preach thf! Gospel to these people, to him, God will give fruit in his ministry.

A RACING BOAT OF THE' CAMBODIANS A line drawn parallel with the equator at about 12 degrees north would pass through the center of Cambodia so that the climate of Cambodia is tropical, being characterized by both heat and humidity. The heat is said to be more severe than that of Cochin-China b€cause of the lack of sea breeze. As a natural result the people are inclined to be indolent. On account of this easy-going, ambitionless tendency of both the Annamese and the Cambodian, their Chinese neighbor has come in to possess and cultivate the land. Many Chinese merchants make their fortunes here and fully one-third of the 80,000 Chinese residents in Cambodia are agriculturists. The soil is very fertile,·· and large tracts of good land are available for plantations of rice, coffee, tea, rubber, cotton, etc., the main products of the country. Four-fifths of the population of Cambodia live in the fruitful valley of the Mekong which is considered one of the world's most beautiful rivers and is one of the largest in Asia. It has its

U6 THE: M1SSlONARY RE:VIEW Of THE WORLD [Febl1olary

source in the mountains of Tibet, crosses the province of Yunnan, China, flows down the borders of Tonkin and Laos for a distance of 560 miles, and then through Cambodia. It is navigable for 372 miles from its mouth, and for 161 mile-s, to Pnom-Penh, it may be trav- ersed by large ocean liners.

Cambodia is very rich in ancient monuments and temples.

At Angkor may be found interesting ruins of Buddhist and Brahman temples, possibly dating back to the beginning of the Christian era.

The architecture is Indian and considerable interest has been mani- fested in these ruins by archaeol- ogists and tourists from all parts of the world.

Chinese history of the twelfth century B. C. refers to an inde- pendent Kingdom called "Fou- nan, " which occupied the tel'ri- tory now called Oambodia, but the Kingdom seems to have been founded by colonists from India, during the early part of the Christian era, and flourished un- til the seventeenth century.. Then it lost some of its territory to both Siam and Annam, and its glory from that time has declined.

In 1864 Cambodia came under French protection. At present, while nominally ruled by its own king, the country is really under A CAMBODIAN PERFORMING HIS the Ii'rench Resident-General, DEVOTIONS who directs the king's political actions. At the head of each province is a French Resident, under whom is a native gov- ernor. The teaching in the schools is still largely in charge of native Buddhist monks, but the French are gradually intro- ducing Western methods and have established a large educational institution at the Capital, with about a thousand students.

Protestant missionary work in Cambodia is not without difficulty.

Real missionary work is not a pleasure excursion, yet through God, in the name of Jesus, by prayer, we may expect victory. What is needed on the part of Christians is real agonizing prevailing prayer.

Someone has said that the Church today knows more about organiz- ing than it does about agonizingJ but as God's people determine in their hearts to complete the unfinished task of evangelizing the world, God will go before and open the way, leading us on to victory by His Il'ra.ciouil nrovidenooil.

Nationalism and

REV. D. J. FLEMING, PH. D., NEW YORK Secretary of the Commission on Village Education in India F OUR things stand out as contributing to the development of a national spirit in India. For ninety years the English lan- guage has b€en the medium of all higher education. As Indians of one generation after another were introduced to English history and literature, they could not help but see that the Britisher believes in political rights and admires anyone who will fight for them. One cannot teach Green's "History of England" for thirty years in India without awakening thoughts of nationalism.

A second outstanding stimulus to Indian nationalism was the Russo-Japanese war. This stirred India profoundly, and a new hope wa'S born that at last the tide had turned, showing that the East would not forever be subject to the West. The resulting unrest led to the Morley Reforms in 1907, which gave greatly increased representation on the Provincial Legislative Councils. But the increased opportunity for talk and criticism without responsibility for action led to still' further. discontent.

A third great stimulus arose from the recent war to which India 'Sent a million and a half men-more than Australia and Canada combined. The self-consciousness acquired through these representatives abroad, the confidence gained from the valiant and effective part they were able to play, the effect ootli on India and on the conservative element in Britain of the general advocacy of selfdetermination could not help but awaken national feeling. This led to the "Government of India Act" of 1919-a very great step toward responsible self-government.

India's national consciousnes'S has been greatly stimulated by a fourth factor-the lamentable Amritsar affair of ,April, 1919. The mas'Sacre of Jalleanwalla Bagh, the crawling order, the bombing of civilians from aeroplanes, the public Whipping of arbitrarily selected students-all these have sunk into the consciousness of India like a festering 'Sore.. Amritsar is a by-word in every home, and the development of cordial relations between rulers and ruled has been put back a generation. Thus has nationalism become the one engrossing theme in articulate India. All other things are colored by this outstanding movement. How d()es this dominant interest affect the cause of missions 7 One re'Sult of the growing national spirit is a revival of Hinduism. In several areas there has been a distinct wave of increase in temple building. In many places there are those who are turn- 127

ing with new zeal to their ancestral faith. Consciously or uncon- 'Sciously such people feel that sooner or later there must 00 a trial of strength between the British and the Indian, and that the result of this test will depend upon sometning deeper than politics. To regenerate the soul of India is, as they realize, an immense task; but they feel that this is absolutely necessary as one line of preparation for the struggle that lies ahead. Just as it vexes them to have a foreign political force above them, so this, section of the people chafe at the materialism and infidelity that have invaded the old systems in connection with increased contact with the West. This revival of Hi:qduism naturally tends to make the missionary mes'Sage less accpptable.

Other elements in India's heritage are also brought out for emphasis. There is a distinct revival of Indian art in Bengal under the leadership of the Indian Society of Oriental Art. An annual exhibition is held and a whole school of Indian artists find encouragement in the reception given their work. There is, moreover, considerable talk about an all-India language, and more than one vernacular has its champion who would like to displace English with a favorite Indian tongue. Compared with twenty years ago there is more attention given on the part of the educated community to Indian dress and Indian names. All these are tendencies with which missionaries should sympathize, but they impose ·upon the Christian nationalist the necessity of evaluating these various element'S from India's ancient heritage, and of discouraging all that are inconsistent with the spirit of Christ.

In many cases, of course, it is not practicable to give up institutions that have. been taken on from the West. A Chri'Stian nationalist would not want ·to do away with the institution of the Church, but he does want it to be open to Indian currents of thought and life. An informal conference of leading Indian Christians at Allahabad in April, 1919, deelared that "the Church must be given an opportunity to develop itself on its own lines, keeping in contact with the national currents. This can only be accomplished by allowing the Indian Church itself to lay down the policy and be responsible for it'S actual carrying out, European man-power wherever needed being subordinated to the. Indian organization that may be evolved for this purpose." There is a widespread feeling amqngst the Christian educated leaders that the direction of mission work by foreigners makes their Church western, and not indigenous. More Indian representation in the councils of the mis'Sion must in some way be given in order to meet this sincere desire that the resulting Church may be really open to .currents of Indian thought.

The same fear of an isolated Christian community comes out in discussions as to whether there 'Should be Christian universities. A Hindu University has recently been established at Benares, and

INDIAN NATIONALISM AND MISSIONS

efforts are far along for the creation of a Mohammedan University.

With the changes that are in {he air as a result .of the report of the Calcutta University Commission, the question is raised as to whether there should not be a Christian University in each of certain areas.

Many thoughtful Christian leaders hold that such a step would keep thG Christian community still further from the great national forces, and that it would be a great mistake to train our future intellectual leaders in isolation from their fellows of another faith. They say that, at this 'Stage, tolerance, sympathetic understanding and commingling are necessary, and not a separate Christian University. The same arguments would weigh against any sectarian university, Hindu or Mohammedan. But Christian universities would almost inevitably be subject to the additional danger of depending heavily on western money, and hence of being under foreign boards of control. Almost certainly they would fail to represent Indian culture, would tend to afford privileges to Christian studeniJ; so as to make of them a special class, and thus encourage the separatist tendencies already too much in evidence in the Christian community. Indian nationalism thus profoundly affects the attitude of. certain Christian leaders to church and institutional development.

Missionaries must take the dominant national spirit into consideration in the selection of materials to be used in elementary and secondary education. They must draw more upon Indian folk-lore, literature, customs and art; for the result of their work must be something that is not only Chri'Stian, but Indian. For musical accompaniment Indian instruments may displace the harmonium. Indian games may be much more used. In much of the folk-lore there are elements that would have to be purged, but we must be ready to encourage that selection from non-Christian sources that .enabled our own Christianity to become naturalized.

It is the pervasive spirit of nationalism that leads many Christians to react against foreign methods within the Church. There are· those who feel that the Church is over organized, that meticulous organization is of the vVest, and that India cannot render its greatest service by this device. They point out that Indian religions have lpaintained thf'msplves through the centuries with relatively little organization, and some aTe inclined to feel restless under a succession of campaigns and movements transplanted from another continent.

They are inclined to say that the soul of India is not to be won by these hustling western methods. Just what indigenous methods will be urged or adopted cannot at this stage be predicted. The reaction against being overwhelmed with foreign methods is as yet stronger than the constructive national spirit. We may be thankful, however, that there are leaders in the Church that recog-

nize the problem, for the Church cannot he rooted in the soil until Indians long for it also.

The national spirit reveals itself in a marked restlessness under alien authority. When in the pDlitical realm attention is concentrated on securing mDre self-government, it is almost inevitable that foreign authority in church and missiDn matters should lead to sensitive relationships. The cDnference at Allahabad, referred tD above, resolved that "as SDon a'S the national consciousness in a Christian Church or community has reached the stage when its natural leaders feel themselves hampered and thwa.rted in their witness Dr service by the presence of the foreign missionary and .of the system for which he stand'S, that Church or community has reached the limit of healthy development under the existing conditions. We believe that in some if not many parts .of India the Church has rea.ched this stage and that no new or vigorous growth i'S possible without radical changes in its relation to the foreign missionary societie'S." In the political realm power and authority are devolving to the people. There is a widespread movement .on the part of missions, also, to turn over more and more responsibility to the Indian Church. But as one travels about India it is evident that there is impatience at the slow rate at which this devolution is taking place. Capable, educated Christian Indians believe that they cDuldmanage a great deal more than that with which they are at present entrusted.

Christian nationalists would find it much easier to escape foreign authority and proceed in the attempt to develop the Church under Indian leadership, were it not for the poverty of their people. At every point they find themselves financially dependent. Furthermore the schools, hospitals, cDlleges-all the larger instruments .of service-are in the hands of foreign societies. More and more it is evident, however, that Christian men of ability will not bow down in the slightest homage to the old axiom "foreign money, foreign control." They hold this to be a discredited principle, and one which cannot be urged on merely theoretical grounds in India today.

In more than one Province the educated members of the Christi:>n community are chafing under the foreign control of the great mass movements toward Christianity. Here are bodies of men from abroad who, as missions, have been deciding the methods and the conditions upon which great numbers are introduced into the Indian Church. In most cases after they are once in the Church, Indian!,; have a voice as to their development, but many in the educated Christiancommunity feel keenly that they ought not to be .overwhelmed with these masses without having an authoritative voice in the councils which direct the inducements held out to these people, and the methods of evangelization. As one leader said: "It is like a foreigner deciding who shall come into my drawing room and associate

with my children, without giving me any voice in the 'selection or invitation." .Selfish motives may be back of some of the criticism of mission control of mass movement conversion, but with growing selfconsciousness and self-resp€ct the Christian community has a legitimate grievance here.

Indian nationalism brings up acutely the difficult problem as to whether missionaries should criticize the government. It is natural for those who believe that their country is being wronged to feel that those who pretend to love them should also denounce the wrongs. During the past year Iridian periodicals contained frequent discussions as to whether missionaries should or should not have raised their voice against the Government's drastic action at Arnritsar. Opinion was divided, but the whole :situation showed that there is need for missioraries to do some clear thinking. Doubtless no general principle can be enunciated. In India, some of the missionaries are citizens of the governing nation; others are there by the permission and courtesy of that nation. Obviously, the privilege and responsibility for criticism in these two cases will be different. Some balance must be found between an exclusive emphasis on underlying Christian principles without reference to time and place, and action on the conviction that one's Go:spel is for society as well as the individual, and that one's miSSIOn is to make Christ's spirit dominant in every 'aspect of man's associated life.

The reforms actually sanctioned by Parliament in the Government of India Act of 1919, as a concession to India':s developing national consciousness, contains features that will affect missions. By this Act certain "transferred subjects" in each of the ten provincial areas will be placed under the complete control of the Provincial Legislative Council of that area. Th~se transferred subjects are to be administered by Indians appointed by the various Governors. Each Indian minister must justify his budget requests before his Oouncil made up.of representatives of a very much increased electorate. In this way the common people can as never before make known their views and actually control governmental action in certain realms. The transferred subjects include district boards, municipalities, hospitals, dispensaries, primary and secondary education, the development of industries, roads, agriculture, agricultural research, agricultural education, protection against agricultural pests. and animal and plant diseases, fisherie:s, cooperative societies, and the production and sale of intoxicating liquor. It will be noticed that this list includes those things whir.h touch most closely missionary worki. e. education, medical administration, sanitation, agriculture and local government. The work of missions will be most directly influenced in the sphere of €ducation. While it i:s quite possible that anti-Christian feeling in some l.ocal areas may work hardship on mls:sicins we believe that in general the contributions made by

missions to the education of India is too much appreciated for wide- well anticipate legislation by voluntarily adopting a conscience clause. will no doubt be urged, and in many cases justly. On the merits of the question, wherever grants are taken, missionary societies may well anticipate legislation by voluntarily adopting a conscience clause.

The Reforms have brought a very difficult problem to the Indian Christians. With a greatly increased voting coustituency the Gov- ernment has introduced for certain communities the principle of separate electorates. In order to safeguard the interests of these limited communities the Government assigns a certain number of seats to them, and lets them have the exclusive vote for these mem- bers. The great problem is as to whether Indian Christians should seek this privilege or not. Shall they follow a plan that will still more segregate them from their fellow countrymen, which seems like a selfi'Sh expedient, and which (as already in the Madras Presi- deIlCy>ll) may accentuate the divisions within Christianity in India; or shall they merge their interest'S absolutely with their country- men, seek every opportunity to serve without the assurance of re- ward, and assert that the acceptance of Jesus Christ does not com- pel a man to cut himself off 'Still further from those who are bound to him by blood and friendship 1 Some would much prefer a plU'U by which "reserved seats" would be assigned to the ChristiU'U community. This would guarantee a certain number of seats to Christians, but would allow all the electorate to vote for the Christian members, and would allow the Christians to vote for all the others. This would do away with unhealthy is.olation, and would develop a broader political experience through contact with the great currents of general party thought. This question vitally affects tne tendency for the Christian community to settle down into what is nothing more thm, anotl:ipr Indian caste, with political and social ties rather than a living religiom; ba:,;is. In many ways it would be best for t.he Christian community j 0 bp fluid, with its members able to move back and forth with refer"lIce tu other communities so that their manifest bond of UnIl~' would h.· a viialloyalty to Jesus Christ and to His message and program for the world.

Considerations such as we l,an' bf'pn mlntioning should affect the recruiting by the homp lwal'd8. H will make for better relationship'S if young men and wumf'n who go out as missionaries to India understand the tendencie8 rl'8uli ing from tbe national movement, and are prepared to adjust th"lTIselv('s to the situation thus arising. The fact of Indian nationalism should affect not only the kind of person sent out but the numbp!" as well and the larger pro- . portion of mone yused for so-called "native work" * In the Madras Presidency there is a R(JIT,ar. Catholic canclidatt' in e:l~'h of the fh·" t"J<"ctoral divisions. There is every probability that four out of the five cOllncibrshipt': open to Indt…." ,hriatiane will be filled by them. While there may be no theoretical objf'xtion to tne political tnt :1 "stll of Proteetant! being in the care of Roman Catholics, the actual .ensiol b~tween the tW1 communities, alot'lg with the degree of education. progres! and ambition on the ",.:.1rt 01 the rrote~trlnt~ 'm~~ tll! practical ~ltuation full of po~~fbiHt'es of llitt~",!I,

A JAPANESE KINDERGARTEN OF THE DISCIPLES' MISSION, LOS

The Orientals on the Pacific Coast REV. RODNEY W. ROUNDY, NEW YORK Associate Secretary of the H ome Missions Council D DRING the last quarter of 1920 important interdenomina- tional conferences of missionary workers among Orientals on the Pacific Coast, with their several board secretaries, were held in Los Angeles and San Francisco. · In these two cities about forty missions, large and small, were visited, as was also Christian work in Japanese farm camps near Los Angeles, and Japanese fishermen at San Pedro. Careful thought was also given to mission points in Seattle and all the coast towns. Thus the various types of living conditions and kinds of Christian work were well covered. In Christian mission work for Orientals there are included: Denominations at work-14 Missions for Chinese in northern California-43. Missions for Chinese in southern California-lO.

• These conterencea convened under the auspices of the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women f or Home Missions, in cooperation with the Oriental Miss.ions Council. Twent,. Boards and undenominational oTganu:ationa. tnc~uding the Y. M. C. A. and the Y. W. C. A. were represented in the ,athertn,. .

133

Missions for Japanese in northern California–40. Missions for Japanese in southern Cali fornia-32. Korean missions in the whole state of California-IS.

Ohristian work among Orientals in America has been a pronounced success. Five per cent of the Japanese in this country are Christians, in contrast to one-half of one per cent of the population of Japan. The Ohristian success here has resulted in sending to Japan some seventy-five preachers who were converted and trained in America. Similar results are shown in the Ohristian Chinese leaders returned to China. M.oreover, a compelling initiative has developed particularly among the Japanese Christians. Eighty-five percent of the Japanese Missions are reported as 'Self-supporting. This independence is one of the chief elements in the springing up of a number of missions, not really needed especially among the Japanese of Los Angeles.

The problem of the work is one of adjustment. Naturally, work in the two great centers of Los Angeles and San FranciscQ has been over emphasized. Unfortunately the better days of comity had not arrived at the time of the San Francisco fire, and each Board did its bit in reconstruction for the needy Chinese. Once there were thirty thousand Chine'Se in San Francisco. Now there are seven or eight thousand and yet sixty-five per cent of the money appropriated for Chinese work in California is spent in the San Francisco Bay region, where live only one-fourth of the Chinese of the state.

A new strategy is demanded of the Baptist, Congregationalist Methodist and Pre'Sbyterian forces, whose "fine property and large constituencies have been effective agencies in the civilization of the Oantonese Chinese;" A new strategy is forthcoming. Fortunately the Oriental Missions Council ha'S the spirit and method of meaningful adjustment. This Council functions through the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions in its relation to the several Boards.

The autumn conferences took definite action looking toward the systematizing of all school work for Chinese in San Francisco. Adjusted curricula under an educational direction does not mean lessening religious values, but means all pupils of certain grades in one building, other pupils of other grades in another building, thus U'Sing all present school buildings under a far more efficient system than at present. Such a coordinated Protestant work will have a compelling force among the Chinese destined to be influenced by the well planned and adequately housed Roman Oatholic school work. It will be remembered that the Chinese cnildren can not attend the public. schools of San Francisco.

The autumn conferences also unanimously advised consolidation of mission interests with better equipment and leadership, so as to utilize fewer and more adeauate buildinC"s than at nresent. both for

THE ORIENTALS ON THE PACIFIC COAST

Chinese and Japanese work in the Plaza section of Los Angeles. In the former, the Methodist Episcopal, Methodist Protestant and Free Methodist groups would be affected; in the latter they recommended a union of the already united Presbyterian and Congregational Japanese churches with the Reformed Church in the U. S. The finely equipped and strategically planned Japanese Institute of the Disciples Church has a large work in its present location in a section of the city by itself, as have also the Methodist Episcopal and Protestant Episcopal churches in another part of the city. Baptist statesmanship was particularly noted in the service to a Japanese farm camp at Moneta and to Japanese fishermen at San Pedro. Some of the best mission work is to be found among the rural Orientals where community churches with evangelistic emphasis and institutional features are maintained. These features include play'. grounds, r~ading rooms, forums, sewing classes, English and Americanization cl31sses, and Am.erican workers ministering in the homes.

This rural work, late in beginning, must be extended to communitie3 of Japanese living in the small towns or open country of Yakima Valley and Western Washington, Idaho Falls and Pocatello, Idaho, the mining and smelting camps in Utah, mining camps along the Union Pacific Railroad in 'Wyoming, the Hood River Valley, SHALL THJ;;Y WORSHIP THIS IN Idaho and Northern part of Orange AMERICAl County, as well a3 small towns be- An Idol in a Chinese Temple in Portland, Oregpn tween Pa3adena and San Bernardino, California. A similar work needs to be extended to Chinese settlements 'in Sacramento River towns, country districts of the San Joaquin Valley, Mexicali and rural areas of Lower California. There is need for Christian work among Chinese in Reno, Nevada, Salt Lake City and Ogden, Utah, Boise, Idaho and Spokane, Washington.

The value of Christian missions to Orientals in America is emphasized by the presence of Buddhist, Taoist and Shinto temples. The Buddhist temples are the most numerous. In Los Angeles, the temple building is the finest in its section of the city, and has on its third floor an extensive Chinese gambling outfit largely patron-

ized by Japanese, while on the second floor is the temple auditorium.

One is impressed not only by the pagan shrine, in place of a Chris- tian altar, but also by the inscribed names of contributors to the erection of the building, and the amounts contributed in Japanese characters encircling the room. The Shinto faith with its exaltation, if 'not worship of the Emperor, its teaching of the Japanese lan- guage out of school hours, together with social and business ostra- cism practised by many Americans, tends strongly to the unifying of the people and to the keeping alive of the Japanese customs and allegiance. Against these things is the all conquering Chris- tian spirit and teaching in the persons of its faithful representa- tives effectively arrayed. In these witnesses is the heart of the solution of the Japanese as of all other racial, social, moral and poli- tical questions.

Traffic in Chinese slave girls actually exists in this American land. American gold actually passes through Chinese hands in bar- ter for these young lives. To some of these rescued girls. Miss. Don- aldina Cameron faithfully and effectively minis.ters as the superin- tendent of the Presbyterian Mission Home in San Francis.co. The Methodist Episcopal Church also maintains a Rescue Home in San Francisco. At the Conference six of these slave girls, dressed in their native costume; sang triumphantly in their ()wn language" Out of My Bondage, Sorrow and Night, Jesus I come."

Captain Duncan Matheson of the Detective Police Force spoke interestingly to the Conference of his two years and nine months experiences in San Francisco. "Among the Chinese there are tW() parties commonly known as tongs; one is the social tong, and the other the fighting tong. These tongs do not exist in China and are only found in the United States. The fighting tongs and the social tongs are very different in their aims and purposes. The social tongs exist only for helpfulness; the fighting tongs-of which Gapt.

Matheson named some ten or twelve-each have some peculiar in- terest, such as gambling or sex immorality. Tongs can declare war when they want to, declare a truce when they wish, and peace can be signed at will. In a war declared between two tongs four men were shot within seven minutes after tlie declaration and the war continued for several months. If a tong steals a prostitute from another tong and the money is not at once forthcoming, a war is declared. The slave girl is owned as an investment j she cannot land in America except as the wife or daughter of a Chinese man j so arrangements are made in the tong applying for her admission for a husband." .

Continentally considered the number of Orientals in this coun- try is too trivial for more than passing notice. One in fourteen hun- dred of our American population is Chinese, one in a thousand Jap- anese. Our Chinese population is decreasing. The Japanese peo-

THE INT E RIOR OF A CHlNI, SE; PRE SDY 'l'E;RIAN CHURCH IN SAN FRANCISCO pIe, at the very most one out of forty in the state of California, are distributed also in other communities in other states. A possible menace of congestion does not exist unless it be in city areas of San Francisco and Los Angeles. Even in these two centers their number is not as great as the casual reaoer would assume. If the law recently adopted by Californians goes into effect the direct

tendency will be to make city conditions through over crowding mucl worse than at present.

The actual facts of Japanese immigration in recent years ar.

not so alarming as inflated reports of noisy politicians and prej udiced newspapers wpuld have us believe. Han. A. C. Caminetti United States Commissioner General of Immigration, in his annua report for 1919, states that the exces'S of arrivals over departure: for eleven years from 1909, the year of the Gentlemen's Agreement to 1919 is only 18,849 for the whole period. The'Se figures includl both Continental, United States and Hawaii. During these eleveI years, according to the Commissioner''S report, 97,849 Japanese hav.

returned to Japan against 116,728 arrivals, Hawaii included.

Let .America take courage. In the recent referendum 163,73] Californians voted against the amendments; 481,015 voted for them This minority is a significant group. It has weight in the balance It disregarded the newspaper agitation; it ro'Se above the spirit oj the resolutions passed by the American Legion; it defied the chal lenges of Senator Phelan plastered on the telephone poles of the statE in the north, "Keep California White"; in the south, "Keep Cal· ifornia American." Senator Phelan was defeated, swept out, u( doubt by the Republican landslide and not by his anti-JapanesE crusade. But the minority vote has its 'Significance in that it waf a vote carefully cast against prejudice at its height and without ~ carefully organized or extensive propaganda. It was a minority oJ which Christian America may be proud and of which the govern· ment at Washingtonmust take cognizance. .

Prof. Burnight of the Department of Sociology of the Univer· sityof Southern Oalifornia has made a careful study of "The Jap· anese in Rural Los Angeles County." He names three main factor!

working for assimilation and Americanization: the public schoo: system, the Japanese Association and the Japanese missions con, ducted by the Protestant Churches. '

Quite aside from the religious value, these institutions perform ar invaluable service in raising the ideals and the lives of the people and ir teaching them the true ideals of American life. The public schools do this tc a great extent, but they reach chiefly the cH;dren. The missions on the othel hand reach also the adults."

Representatives of the~e missions and the Boards 'Supporting them went on record at their San Francisco Conference as follows.

"While not arguing for a wider open door of immigration, we cannol discover that a limited number of these people constitutes a menace. On th~ other hand; the proposition to take from their children born in this country the privilege of citizenship we regard as un-American and unchristian, ane calculated to prejudice those American-born children against our people and our institutions. We urge Presi'dent Wilson and Secretary of State Colb} to press for an honorable and speedy settlement of such features of thi! cOIllplex question as are purely international." The Missionary Ministry of D. M. Stearns A brief account of a remarkable life and service.

BY STELLA C. DUNKELBERGER. GERMANTOWN, PA.

"ABRAHAM BELIEvFJn Gon," Jas 2 :23. "I BELIEVE GOD," Acts 27 :25.

T HESE quotations printed at the head of the little monthly "Kingdom Tidings," published by Rev. D. M. Stearns for the past thirty Yf'ars, express the foundation of his success in his spiritual life and the works so manifestly of God, which did follow. He believed God, and believed and taught that man must let God's Word· stand without omission or llmitation (Revelation 22:19). He continued ever "looking for that Blessed Hope, and the Glorious appearing of the great God, and our Saviour Jesus Christ (Titus 2 :13) which was the joy of his daily life, and the incentive to ever press onward to do the Lord's command, "Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature." This he did through his Bible classes, and the missionaries throughout the world.

Dr. Stearns wa"S born in Pictou, Nova Scotia in 1844, and was a student in the Pictou Academy from 1850-1859. He clerked in a store five years, took a Normal School training two winters at Truro, and from 1866 to 1876 was principal of public schools at Halifax and St. John, N. B. During the winter of 1876 he was resident missionary at the North End Rescue Mission in Boston, then for nine years he preached at Mt. Auburn Union Chapel, and at the Fulton Street Mi-ssion; and from 1880 to 1886, as pastor of Olivet Congregational Church, West Springfield St., Boston. Six and a half years he was pastor of the Reformed Episcopal Church, Scranton, Pa., and from October 1892 was pastor of the Reformed Episcopal Church of the Atonement, Germantown, Philadelphia, from which the Lord took him Home on November 6th, 1920. In accordance with his often expressed wish, that he might go while in the work, he gave his last Bible Study in his church on October 24th, from P-salm 109 :21, 27 "Do thou for me, 0 God the Lord, for thy name's sake, that they may know that this is thy hand; that thou, LORD, has done it."

Dr. Stearns said that in his early church life, he was a member in good and regular standing, a teacher in the Sunday-school, distributor of tracts along the wharves, walking miles into the country to help with "Services in some little school house, and at the same time enjoying many pleasures of the world, not knowing that his sins were forgiven until the Spirit opened up to him John 1:12. Then began the real life of service.

139 In Scranton he began with one Bible class, then came calls from nearby towns. The offerings WMre handed to him for his services, but one day the Lord spoke to him, asking for the offerings for mis- e 'Sions, after which 1 gave all to missions with the exception of his traveling expense~. In 1898 he made this report of the work he was doing: "On Sunday t,,;o services at my own church, and an afternoon service in the city. Monday, c1as~('s in Brooklyn, N, Y., and Bethlehem, Pa. Tuesda), Stroudsburg, Pa., Belvidere, N. J., Easton and Allentown, Pa, Wednesday, a Bible Class at Mauch' Chunk, Pa., and church prayer meeting. Thursday, Philadelphia and West Philadelphia. Friday at Lancaster, Columbia, York, and Harrisburg, Pa. Satur'~ay an evening class at the Y. M. C. A., Germantown."

Such strenuous work could not continue. The physical body was nnt equal to it, the classes were gradually diminished in number until at the beginning of 1920 he could only care for his own church work in Germantown, Phila., Pa., but though he was unable to carryon the classes, the blessing of the Lord continued to rest upon the work. This marked blessing began when Dr. Stearns undertook the support of a missionary. At first the missiona,ry remittances amounted to $553.05, but increased until over one million dollars has been given to this work through the church and Bible classes.

This past year $107,808,06 was received, of which $33,033.78 came from his own congregation, without the aid of a missionary committee, organization of any kind, or any personal solicitation; but by simply presenting the needs, at the services and by letters from the missionaries in different parts of the world, at every midweek service.

Upon the wall, back of the pulpit, in the little church are two framed map'S of the Eastern and Western Hemisphere, with small round perforations, as near to the mission stations as possible, in each country, with electric light bulbs behind the frame. When the electricity is turned on the light streams from these perforations showing where the Gospel is being preached through the missionaries whose work is supported by these gifts.

Dr. Stearns, in his little tract "The Secret of Missionary Interest," tells how the work was accomplished. In this he says: A missionary pastor will make a missionary church, and efforts to obtain money in worldly ways are never necessary, nor in order. Our current expenses are easily met, and there is no indebtedness except that of helping to give the Gospel to all the world, that the Church may be completed. Let any minister honor God by believing His Word and walking with Him in His plan, and he will see God working in and through him. Why should there not be hundreds thus used as God's witnesses in these days of fearful unbelief?

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MRS. WM. H. FARMER, MONTCLAIR, N. ].

THE EDITOR'S MESSAGE was launched and an appeal sent out to secure 100,000 gifts of ten dollars The reports presented at the an- each from interested individuals over nual meeting of the Federation of Wo- the United States including the under- man's Boards of Foreign Missions are graduates in Woman's Colleges. The always full of information, inspiration plan was approved by many of the Wo- and interest for the women of all de- men's Boards and was carried on with nominations and of all lands. They enthusiasm. concern both the Home Base and the Foreign Field. Mrs. Steele's report Yenching, Nn Tsu, China , presented January 14th, 1921, on "In- terdenominational Institutions on the The enrolment for the year was Foreign Field," has a special bearing seventy-five, of whom only 16 were on the Christmas gifts for the Orient. in the Senior College, 49 were in the Junior College, and 10 were special Interdenominational Institutions on the students taking mostly English and Foreign Fleid music. In the last semester there were 70 in attendance, of whom 57 The Joint Committee of the Wo- were boarders. These students came. men's Union Colleges was organized from 16 different provinces and Korea, in January, 1920, the object being to so there were only seven provinces, unify the plans, financial and other- most of them on the far borders; wise, in America, and to enable the which were not represented in the Boards of Control to function more student body. There were 15 missions quickly and more efficiently. represented. Fifty of the students were church members and several of This Committee is composed of the ~he others were earnest Christians representatives of the Board of Con- though they were not affiliated with trol of each of the Colleges and Med- any church. Most of the non-Chris- ical Schools of the cooperating de- tians were special students or new, nominational Boards as follows: pupils. The average increase in at- tendance for each year during the Methodist Episcopal Church: Dr. Frank Mason North past five years has been 30%. * * * Mrs: W. F. McDowell Miss Elizabeth R. Bender The buildings and equipment 'are totally inadequate for present uses, M eiho,dist Episcopal, South: and plans must be made for at least Miss Belle H. Bennett one additional laboratory, dining room, kitchen and dormitory next AM;~~aH. B#.tiI!ea~:d,;ch autumn. The situation will grow more serious with each year, unless prop- Mrs. W. A. Montfomery erty in the vicinity is secured for ex- pansion. Equipment, especially for C°D~~ef:~~:al. C~:~fo~ biological laboratory, and books for Miss Kate Lamson the library are a crying need. Miss Rose Beatty Canadian Presbyterian Church All of the older students are ern- Christian Church est, Christian young women, showing their earnestness in the spirit of serv- Mrs. Anna R. Atwater ice for others. Most of the religious Presbyterian Church, V. S. A. and community !!ervice is under the &i~s RKF::t a~'t ~.eeItodge Reformed Cfurrh in America Dr. W. I. Chamberlain Mrs. DeWitt Knox Owing to the disappointment of the Interchurch World Movement and the great need for buildings and equip- ment in all the Union Colleges, an In- t~l'!ational Christmas Gift Campaign 141

leadership of the College Y. W. C. A., Since the affiliation of the College with which has been very active. A half- the University, co-education is posday school has been maintained for sible as far as is expedient in all depoor children and for two months a partments, hut the distance of a mile and a half between the Men's and Wo- . class was conducted for women and men's Colleges and the lack of trolleys or jitneys limit its present practicabilgirls in the phonetic script. The ity. However, we shall try it in a few advanced classes next autumn. It students have been intensely interested is coming with a rush in China, havin the local community service club. ing been approved in the summer of The students pledged themselves to 1919 by the National Education Assodirect Christian work as a life serv- ciation, and put into effect early in 1920 by the Peking National Univerice. One young woman volunteered sity. Women students are admitted to the Canton Christian College and for missionary work in Yunnan. will be admitted to the Baptist College in Shanghai next autumn. Miss Jessie E. Payne returns from furlough to the department of Chem- Ginling College istry, and Miss Jean Dickinson, of Smith and Colum:bia will bring new Students this year came from 10 provinces, 37 cities, 27 preparatOl:y enthusiasm to the department of So- schools, 12 denominations and all ranks of society. As many applicants ciology. Miss Marguerite Atterbury for entrance as were received were turned away for lack of space to acof Wellesley and Columbia, appointed commodate them. by Wellesley for three years as her representative in the "sister college," Every member of the graduating is the daughter of Dr. Atterbury, class had at least three positions of- fered to her in the spring of her senior formerly of the Presbyterian Mission year. About half of them plan to in Peking-, and the granddaughter of teach; 35% hope to study medicine, missionaries in China. Miss Eliza- 15 % hope to do evangelistic work. beth Kendall lays down her work as head of the Department of History in Even after marriage they will be ac- Welleslev. and for one semester at tivp ~ lrmg some line of social service. least, will be on the teaching staff, bringing a closer touch with the Well- Fully two-thirds of the students pay all their college expenses; others are esley life. The visit of President Pen- aided by friends, as in American coldleton to the college in the early win- leges, and by scholarships. A Gin- ling girl pays proportionately to the ter, and the visit of Dean Miner to expense of her education as much or Wellesley last autumn, will also help more than an American girl. . to cement the friendship, and to make Chinese faculty and American facthe faculties one in spirit. Mrs. T. T. ulty hold degrees from the following Lew, who comes with a master's de- colleges and universities: Goucher, gree from Columbia, will bring new Illinois, Michigan, Mount Holyoke, Oberlin, Smith, Vassar and Wellesley, enthusiasm to the Department of Edu- Hartford Theological Seminary and Teachers' College, Columbia. Fourcation. especially in the Kindergarten teen now, ten more needed in 1920, 46 in all in 1925. Training Department, as she has specialized in that line. Her talented hus- Courses have been given in Art, band. last year a teacher in Union Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, Theological Setillnarv. will be a Pro- Chinese; Education, English, Mathe- matics, Music, Psycholo~y, Physical fessor of Religious Education in the University. – We believe that this University can claim the honor of introducing co-education in graduate departments in China, for the. School of Theology voted in 1918 to open its doors to wo- men, and the Women's College facul- ty. voted to allow its students to avail thetmelves of this privilege. Miss Chang attended classes there in 1919.

THE WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

Education, Physics, Sociology and Re- stitution. The union is not fully con- ligion, totaling 269 semester hours. summated in every detail.

The'five members of Ginling's grad- The American Baptist Board, the uating class in 1919 were the first wo- Woman's Union Missionary Society, men in China to receive the degree and the Woman's Missionary Council of Bachelor of Arts for work done in of the Methodist Episcopal Church, that country. South, are the three Boards united in The Alumnae are finding important the movement. A Joint Board of Di- positions in educational work in China. rectors has already been organized in One has won high respect and honor America, and a China section of the in the Government Teachers' College, Board of Directors has been set up on and was offered the position of Dean the field, The Constitution is being of the Women's Department with a prepared and budgets and estimates two or three years' scholarship in made.

America in preparation for the work. The Shanghai Union Training The urgency of the need of new School for Nurses contemplated as buildings is increasing. In the rented its obj ective three departments: the buildings there is no hope for improve- hospital proper (formerly Margaret ment, and college growth is checked Williamson, a Training School for until new building-s are provided. New Nurses, and a School for Training of buildings for Ginling are an absolute Public Health workers and teachers and immediate necessity. The health of hygiene. The initial staff already of the faculty and students, as well as assigned to the Institution and 011 the the growth of the college, makes im- field consists of five women physicians, , perative the transfer as soon as pos- three trained nurses, and one evangelsible from tne old location to the new. A fine site has been secured near the istic worker. Invitations are being University of Nariking and architect's extended to other boards working in plans have been carefully drawn up. Central China to join forces in the work. The Alumnae, twelve in number, have undertaken to raise $35,000 for one of Woman's Christian College, Tokyo the dormitories. which they hope to The third year began in April, present to the College. 1920, and the number of applicants The lease of the rented building ex- for admission was 175, of whom 68 pires in 1922. The new campus is on were admitted, The college at pres- the other side of the citv. too far awav . ent offers five courses, extending over to make possible building by stages, a period of four years undergraduate A group of six buildings large enough work and two years advanced work. to provide for the work we are n~w These courses are: English language doing, for the residence of present and literature; Japanese language students and faculty members and the and literature, liberal arts, social serv- increases expected in 1922, built :'lC- ice and business. As soon as the col- cording to the plan approved by the lege is housed in permanent quarters, Board of Control in the Ginling Col- courses in science and music will be lege Committee, would cost not less opened. The subject of education oc- than $250,000. For furnishing. equip- cupies a prominent place in all courses, ment and contingent expenses $lOOr~ so that students can prepare them- 000 more would be needed. … …… selves for teaching in these branches.

Of these courses, the one in social Shanghai School for Nurses service has attracted special' atten- One' of the latest of union institu- tion from the government authorities, tions is the so-called "Shanghai Union and the home department is giving Training School for Nurses," a name two scholarships of 25 yen per month which is recognized as 'inadequate to each to students of this course. Ow- express the full objective of this in- ing to a very strong desire on the part

of the students some special subject ing for sub-assistant surgeoncies.

such as theology, philosophy. and Four of these are Hindus, two Anglo- special psychology have been added Indians, and the rest Indian Chris- to the subjects already prescribed in tians. The school, though it is only in the course, and also lectures on so- its second year course, has already cial problems and problems relating made its mark in the medical educa- to women are being given. tional world -the report continues.

It sent up fourteen girls last year for Medical School for Women, Vellore sub-assistants examination, all of Vellore had eighty-nine student ap- whom secured passes, four taking their plicants, but only twenty-four could places in the first class.

be accommodated in the two classes. "Her Excellency, while expressing This Institution fully equipped could her gratification at the success at- train hundreds of doctors and thou- tained by the pupils, said she could sands of public health workers. find work for fifty at once, if they We realize the urgency of the need could be found. Requisitions have gone when we know that ninety percent of forth both to America and Great Brit- the women of the East are born, live, ain for more lady doctors as teachers bear children, and die in terrible suf- in the school for third and fourth year fering with no medical aid. We can- classes now established. Over two not send men to help them-only a hundred acres of suitable land have woman can minister. already been acquired by the Govern- At VeIlore, the Government of ment for the Medical School, which.

India pledged one-half support and is to have the necessary buildings plant in view of the terrible distress, erected on this spot situated in a if only so many as six girls should healthy location at Thorapadi."

apply. After being established only The women of the Orient are athirst two years sixty-five women had to be for leadership. Every year many turned away because there was no ac- thousand girls graduate from High commodation for them. . School and many of these would enter The announcement that Dr. Kath- college i( they' had an opportunity.

erine Scott, resident physician at Vas- Not only are these young women sar college, will sail this summer to ready, but it is equally certain that join the faculty of the Medical Col- until large numbers of them enjoy the le,g-e at VeIlore. India, is of distinct advantages of a college education, interest. Dr. Scott was formerlv in China. Japan and India cannot hope charge of a large hospital in India, . to make progress in real life. No na- but had to come back because her tion rises higher in its civilization than health gave way. She is now built the women of that nation, and the up again and so will be able to render world's progress is timed to the foot- first class medical service on the staff steps of the world's mothers. Those at Vellore. One thousand dollars of us who know what a large place endows a bed at Vellore; $400 edu- educated Christian women occupy in cates a doctor (four years) , $200 all the Christian activities of Amer- trains a nurse (three years). $100 is ica, will know that the progress of i a share in a building and $25 a year . Christian work in non-Christian lands saves a baby. will depend in a large measure upon ,. the rapidity with which educated, Woman's Christian College, Madras I'arnest Christian women are developed A copy of the Madras Mail, re- and prepared for life. Christianity cently received. describes the inspec- has once more a great opportunity to tion visit of Governor and Lady Wi!- assume leadership in the higher edu- lingdon to this College, and tells us cation of young women in the Orient.

that "this institution has now thirty- The only hope is in the Christian edu- ei.2"ht women pupils undergoing train- cation of the coming generation.

E. C. CRONK, EDITOR, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

MANY METHODS OF MANY MINDS Some of the best books are listed in the unclassified "Miscellaneous." Some of the nrost appetizing dishes are prepared from the cook books which give tested and tried recipes of many cooks rather than the untried theories of a platform expert. This month's "Best Methods" come from the actual experience of workers from Massachusetts to California.

BIRTHDAYS THAT COUNT one wntmg the birthday 9ate after her name. Readers are not limited In one of the missionary societies to members of the society, nor to woconnected with the Christian Wo- men only. The autographs of many men's Board of Missions, the mem- men who have been tactfully lured bers have stopped counting their into the unexplored treasure house of birthdays but have learned how to missionary literature are to be found make their birthdays count. Every in these books. This plan has secured woman in the society is asked to buy a more general reading of new misa book as her birthday gift and to sionary books than the society had present it to the society. Books are formerly thought possible. selected from a list furnished by a committee. The donor writes 'her A SUCCESSFUL IMMIGRATION name on the fly leaf, leaving as much MEETING room as possible for other names to Reception Committee. Members of be added. Instead of placing the book D. A, R. Chapters and Colonial in the library, every woman is her Dames who could be interested and own circulation librari,an charged with enlisted to help, or girls or women securing all the readers she can for dressed in colonial costume. her book. Many will read a book if a friend hands it to them and asks Wall Decorations. Flags of all the them to read it, whereas they would nations grouped around or under the never seek out a library and a libra- Stars and Stripes. Pictures of the rian and select a book. The donor Landing of the Pilgrims and other reads her book first so that she can immigration scenes. call attention to its strong points. Then every subsequent reader writes Introduction. The leader welcomes his or her name in it. If any mem- "all the immigrants who have come bers do not wish to buy books from so many lands." As the memthey may be assigned one from the bers and guests look around for forlibrary and circulate it in the same eigners, she asks each one present to way, . tell from what country her ancestors came. There is sure to be great in- The winner in the reading contest terest and surprise in the number of is the woman who secures the largest nationalities represented, and everynumber of readers within a year. If one understands more clearly that she the contest feature is emphasized, all is an immigrant or the descendant of members may be asked to present an immigrant unless her parents were their books on the same date, each American Indians.

14S

Map Talk. A large map on the tures of the work of their own table in .the center of the room if Boards.' the attendance is small, or on the wall if all cannot gather around the table Conclusion. Gather together the is the next center of interest. Be- impressions of the meeting by a brief fore the me~ting the leader should concluding talk on "Our Responsibilmake an outline map of the United ity as Older Immigrants to Later Ar- States with the Great Lakes and the rivals." principal rivers indicated and cut from a map of similar dimensions, VARY THE MEETING PLACE sections representing the different settlements. These should be plainly Why meet always at the "usual time labeled: and place"? Some time ago a society in a college town added a delightful Jamestown, 1607 variety, which is the spice of mission- Plymouth, 1620 ary meetings, by holding its meeting in' the Science Hall of a nearby coletc. Before the meeting, these sec- lege. tions should be handed to different members who are to be prepared to "Talk may be cheap and tiresome state in not over three minutes the but pictures are expensive also enterprincipal facts in connection with the taining" was the announcement. "Our settlement assigned. The sections Home Missions" was present~d by should be pasted in proper place on pictures of home missions and home the map by the leader. missionaries thrown on the screen by the radiopticon which was part of the Short talks on various features of college equipment. Post cards, photothe present day immigration situation graphs and lantern slides were used. may be made a most interesting feature of the meeting.' A refreshing social feature was add- ed by the picture of the work and the Colored graphs showing from what workers of the local church. Some countries they come, the number of of the photographs dated back to the illiterates, etc., may be used for pos- babyhood of present day pillars of the ters and furnish the basis for several church and a lively identification coninteresting talks. test followed.

Thumb Nail Biographies of great ANTI-RUTS RECIPES immigrants may be given with one or two minutes allotted to striking facts "A rut is a grave with both ends about each as a "RoU of Immigrants knocked out" said a wise one who we Honor" is called. looked at a dead missionary society. The monthly bulletin of the Miss- What the Churches Are Doing. If issippi Missionary SOL~iety of the the meeting is denominational, some Methodist Episcopal Church, South, one should be appointed to write to offered a prize for the best paper on the Immigrants Mission Board of the "Ruts." Here is their blue ribbon denomination for latest facts about paper: work being done, and needs of the work as a basis for a talk which "Ruts" is a disease which•. though not should be concluded with a bird's eye confined to the missionary societies, often view of all the religious work being thrive~ among them. Of long duration, done for immigrants. I f the meeting it sometimes takes months to run its is interdenominational, appoint repre- course, always resulting fatally llnless sentatives of various denominations to treated in time. The peculiar danger of tell, in not over three minutes, the "Rut..~" is that it runs the spiritual vitality most interesting and important fea·· :I Write the Home Missions Council, lS6 Fifth "Write to the Commissioner of Immigration Avenue, New York or Miss Florence E. Quin.. Washin~on. D. C. fo)" • copy of his latest report. lan, Secret;cry of the Council of Women for which 15 full of interesting material about the immigTants coming to our shores: ~~md~fi~~:sii~f~r~;t~o:i!{~utinet~~d~n~~fuaK~~~f work for immigrants.

ll:EST M:ETHODS "7

so low as to leave the society the victim SiOl;tS" s~ggests a. variety of ways in of various deadly diseases. whIch BIble readmgs may be given. At a recent ~eeting a beautiful girl, Cause-"Ruts," like pellagra, is caused dressed effectIvely in Indian costume, by improper diet-same songs, same pray- entered the room as the society finers, same women on the program every time, nothing new, nothing spicy, nothing ished repeating the 23rd Psalm.

appetizing for mind or spirit. Result, "May I repeat that Psalm as it has "Rut~." been translated for the North Amer- ican Indians?" she asked. "Surely it Symptoms-The onset of the disease is is not so beautiful in any other langin~i~ious,. manifesting itsel~ in seemingly tnvlal thlUgS, such as fallIng off in at- uage of earth, and to no people can it tendance, lack of interest on the part of mean as much as to. the Indians: members, absence of officers from the meetings. The wnrk of the society becomes ~he Great F.ather a~ove is a Shepherd irk~me even to the faithful few. The ChIef. I am HIS and With Him I want not.

spiritual temperature of the patient is sub- He throws out to me a rope and the normal, a general condition of inertia is prevalent.

In the advanced stages of the disease, name of the rope is love, and He draws the symptoms are more marked. There is me, and He draws me, and He draws me a total absence of the regular meeting of to. where the grass 'is green and the water the officers of the· society; a pronounced not dangerous, and I eat and lie down tendency to let the president do the work' satisfied. .

the society fails to report to the district Sometimes my heart i& very weak and secr~tary; the .attendance at monthly meet- falls down! but He lifts it up again and lUg IS barely ,hscermble' there is entire ab- draws me mto a good road. His name is se,;,ce of missi,,!n and Bible study; members Wonderful.

fall t? p:,y their dues and pledges. Spirit- Some time, it may be very soon it may he long-er, it. may be a long, lodg time. ual vitalIty runs so low that the auxiliary dies. He will draw me into a place between mountains. It is dark there, but I'll draw Treatment-A reaction must be brought about immediately by an absolute chan((6 back not. I'll be afraid not, for it is in in habits. This is ane disease where the there between these mountains that the "rest cure" is fatal. The patient shauld Shepherd Chief will meet me, and the hun- J:(er I ~ave felt. in my heart all through tqis lead a strenuaus life. New, spicy, snappy program~, new songs, new prayers, dif- l'fe wlil be sattsfied. Sometimes He makes ferent girls on the pragrams-everything the love rope into a whip, but afterwards new. Sometimes a change in an officer is He gives me a staff to lean on.

necessary. This is always accampanied by He spreads a table before me with all ls?eavtei~rnet discomfo.rt f ar a ti mthe~t but the kinrls of foarl. He puts His hands upon recovers So. rapidly the end my head, and all the "tired" is gone My JustIfies the means. This reaction is besf CUD He fills till it runs over. . broug-ht abant by a thorough inaculation '0.That I tell YOIl is true, I lie not. These of the members with the Anti-"Rnts" roarl" that are "away ahead" will stav with me throtlgh this life and afterward -I will serum called "Pep." "Pep" not only cures bnt is a sure preventive. Of course the f!'0 to Fve in the "Big Tepee" and sit officers take it first and keep a supply on down with the Shepherd Chief forever."

hand to administer whenever needed. * Mrs. C* . Ne*wcomer * * It is the peculiar nature of "Pep" to B. who lives render a society immune to "Ruts" because it builds up the general condition. The !n !he College town of Carthage, Ill- elements of which it is compounded must mOIS, recently had a missionary meet- be in every successful auxiliary. ing at which the Bible lesson was read P-rayer. (That makes it possible for in Latin, Greek, HNeobrwreewg,ianGeSrmpaann~ French, Swedish, God to work.) E-nergy. (That makes the member work) ish and Itajian, by students.' After P-ersonality. (Consecrated so as to the reading in each language, the lead- glorify God.) er gave the story of the translation in- The formula for "Pep" is found by combining John xiv. 14, Roman~ xii. 11, and 1 to that language. Cor. vi. 20.

There is no danger of "Ruts" in any A COLLEGE PICTURE FRAME society that inoculates with "Pep." Let's Carthage College has on its chapel wall, a large frame which contains have an Anti-"Ruts" campaign. the pictures of all the students- who have gone to the foreign mission field. TWO BmLE READING SUGGESTIONS The theme "The Bible and Mis-

At the top of the mat is printed "Car- The final act gave methods of Chris- thage College Foreign Missionary tian Americanization after a three Band." Under each picture is the months interested study of the prob- name of the former student, degree, lems of immigration and how to meet class and present field of service. them.' Twenty pictures are in the frame and blank spaces are left to keep the call SIX CIRCLES OF PROGRESSION always before the students. When forty-eight girls who belong- USING CITY LIBRARIES ed to the missionary society arrived, they found their chairs arranged in six Each local church or Women's Mis- circles instead of in the usual rows. sionary Federation should see that the subj ect of missions is not overlooked After a devotional service,the pro- in the city library. In response to gram' topic 'China" was announced sufficiently urgent requests to the and a speaker was assigned to each librarian or committee, missionary circle. Specific phases of the subject books and new periodicals will be had been assigned to each speaker added. Each year, a list should be several weeks in advance. made of the books in which the peo- ple of all churches will be most in- 1. The Country and Its History terested in view of the theme for the 2. The People, Their Characteristics and year's study. The library authorities Customs. will be glad to secure the books if they 3. 1'he Religions. 'are a3sured that a large number of 4. Missions and Missionarie.; of the Past. members really want them. S. Present Day Missions and Opportun- . Missionary periodicals should be ities. secured for the reading room. If the 6. What of the Future of China? Ebrarian has not funds to pay for sub- 'Scription,;, individuals may be found Each group was given eight minute.· who will give a subscription to the with each speaker. At the tap of a "Missionary Review of the World," bell the groups changed very quickly. the "International Review of Mis- It was found that the last topic was sions," "The Moslem World" and just as effective when it was presented other magazines of general interest. as the first. The careful preparatior. Denominational societies will send the and consultation of the six speakers magazines of their denominations to resulted in an enlarged leadership and the library if there is a concerted re- variety. While this plan is not to be quest for them. recommended as a regular diet for each meeting, it gives added spice and CHRISTIAN AMERICANIZATION PLAY interest to one meeting.

The 1920 Minnesota School of Mis- A $500 INVESTMENT … sions presented some impressive sug- About forty years ago a Metho- gestions on how not to attempt Chris- dist pastor in California stepped up to Itian Americanization, as well as how a nineteen year old lad who was work- to do it in a three act play. The first ing in a brick yard and said "A busi- act showed an enthusiastic Red Cross ness man has come to me to handle unit considering future activities and a little investment for him. He says proposing to Americanize foreigners he would like to invest about two hun- .along soc;ial lines. Plans were made dred dollars a year for four years in for a reception to which all foreigners the kind of man he thinks you would in the city are to be invited by posters be if you had a chance to go to col- prominently displayed. lege. He will pay this two hundred dollars a year if you will go to Alle- Act two presented the reception ghany College for four years." with a frantic hostess trying to har- monize eig-ht nationalities in one recep- Three days later the manager of the tion. brick yard received a courteous no- Al~)Wxm~iie~e o;e:~;eJJ1al~r e~~~t!~d ~:~b~igf~= Mn. M. B. L~~, 312g Portland. Avenue, Min~ ne-aJ..oolis, Minnesota.

BEST METHODS

tice that there would be vacancy on missionary workers would seek bright his force, and the young man went to young lives and urge prosperous busi- college. He entered in 1880. By ness men, to put their money back of earning money during vacations he them, they would be helping two peo- needed to draw on his benefactor for ple at once and starting a never end- only $500 to finish ,his course instead ing influence for good."

of the $800 promised. He graduated in 1885 as a trained Christian man A FARMER'S SEED SOWING ready to take his place in the world's A California pastor whose health work. failed in a large city church went to This young man has paid back to work in a small village, and began to his benefactor the amount invested in look around for opportunity. He saw him, but the "capitalist's" return is a girl of unusual ability who was fin- larger in other ways. The lad from ishing high school and talked with her the brick vard is now a successful about going to college, but she said business ni'an in San Francisco. His that it was impossible. The minister eldest daughter is head of an Indus- called on a farmer and his wife who trial School in Japan where twenty had no children of their own and pro- ..

girls in the senior class are baptized posed that they should send this girl Christians and four are in training to to college. Their income was not become Bible women. Two sons are large and such a proposition involved in college preparing for the ministry more than a quadrupling of their and the third is a student volunteer. gifts, but they decided that it was a A fourth son is in high"school and good investment and promised to send will probably enter Christian work. her to college for two years and then The father has made many invest- if she was making good they would ments, but he considers that helping see her through. She is making good, young people to go to college is the much to their joy and is preparing to most profitable and far-reaching. He go to China as a missionary.

says that the five hundred dollars given to him means one hundred thousand THE PRAYER WHEEL dollars in' returns to the Church, with By FLORENCE MALLALIEN RIFFEL an ever widening circle of influence. The group of club and business wo- He has advanced money to many men composing the missionary auxil- students to go to college and to at- iary had one and all decided that they tend student volunteer conventions. simply could nat pray in the meetings.

"There are resources at the command The president, who was as deeply in- of the Church which have not been terested in them as she was in the field touched," he said in a recent inter- abroad, told the speaker of her con- view. cern over this their one great lack.

"I know of literally thousands of When the afternoon meeting began, ,business men in our congregations there was a black board on which was who would help young people to get drawn a large circle with the words a Christian education if pastors and GOD'S ENCIRCLING LOVE on its workers would only seek them out. I outer edge, and within it a small circle know of one man who has made it divided in half marked with the let- possible for fourteen young people to ter Hand F standing respectively for go to college. The practice should be- the home-base and the foreign field of come general. The best way to ap- missionary work.

proach business men on this proposi- The speakers, who had been given tion is to suggest a loan to be re- charge of the devotions, asked the turned. The endorsement of a note women to express what the word "de- by a business man will serve the pur- vote" or "devotions" really means.

pose and make it possible to secure When they decided that it really funds from a bank. If pastors and means "to give one's self to"-she

called attention to the fact that the an intense longing to secure from entire missionary proposition lies with- among these intelligent young people in the circle of God's love, and asked a recruit for Jesus Christ. Why not that we might devote ourselves to then tell the story of "The Empty thought about it for a little while. Frame"? So, ,after laying before them the need and the urgency of sav- Calling upon individuals, she asked, ing the world, not for democracy only "If you were going to pray for a de- but for the future life that reaches out finite thing concerning the mission through the eternities, she told of the work what would you ask? "Such an- Sunday-school teacher, whose habit it swers as these followed: "More mis- was to keep constantly before her sionaries," "Health and Protection", pupils the framed pictures of mission- "Kept from loneliness," "More Mon- aries whom her church had sent forth. ey," "Better equipment," "More Bible Among them always was one empty women," "More literature," etc., etc. frame. This empty frame was the central theme of many class prayers, In response to the same question that, some day, it might be filled with concerning the home-base side, the an- the picture of a member of the class. swers included these: "More loyalty," Larger giving," "More intelligence," Then the speaker said: "For fifteen "Bigger membership," "More earn- years there has been not only an emp- estness," "A iargetr prayer ,life" ty frame but an entire blank wall in "More money"; etc. this Sunday-school. On the one wall .

As each of the answers was given are the pictures of those serving their a line was drawn from the inner cir- country; on another wall is the porcle to the outer circle until the trait of one who represents the some "Wheel" was complete. Then by sen- one's else service to God in the mistence prayers, an earnest prayer of sion field. In what year of our Lord few words by the leader was followed shall we hang the picture of one who by the members, <sking very definitely has gone out from this school to be for the things about which they had an e'lJangelist for Jesus Christ?" been talking. Fully forty women took part, many of them for the first time At the close of the session a lovely uttering a prayer in the hearing of young teacher who had led all of her another. class to the Saviour, came forward and said "I cannot withstand the call any The president later wrote, "We have a prayer auxiliary- now and neediess !, lon~e,~, I must say, 'Here am send to say, more members, larger contributors, better workers and women of me. In a final consecratIon at deeper consecration, so of course the Mountain Lake Park last summer, she work "over there" prospers accord- gave herself to India and sails in the ingly." autumn of this year to her station in South India. Her picture is now be- ONE METHOD OF RECRUITING ing framed to occupy the vacant wall, ?nd beside it will hang an empty The picture of the local men and frame which those at home will pray women serving in the Red Cross and may soon be "filled." in the army hung on one side of the Sunday-school room, while on another TEN MISSIONARY NEEDS wall hung the picture of a Chinese lad who was being supported by the Bishop Joseph F. Berry, Philadelphia, Pa. school but nowhere was there a picture of a young man or woman who More missionary faith. had gone out from the school to serve as a preacher or missionary. 'I'ore missionary prayers.

The speaker, who had been allotted ::Mv1rooorrreee missionary sermons. ten minutes in which to make a "missionary address," was overcome with missionary intelligence. missionary conviction.

More missionary self-sacrifice.

More missionary consecration, More missionary giving.

More missionary volunteers. fore missionary rejoi(;nl!; {o~ Y1<r~QfY.

fROM ~1ANDS

CmNA tween the ages of eight and twelve who are without opportunity for edu- The Old and the New cation. An institution for blind boys in Shanghai was founded eight years I N A VILLAGE near Tsingtau one ago, and now has nearly forty pupils, building serves the double purpose all on the road to independence. One of a heathen shrine and a Christian graduate is tutoring in St. John's Unischoo!. When the missionaries were versity, others are taking special at a loss to find quarters for a school, courses as further preparation for one of the influential citizens came for- teaching. Fifty dollars a year for sevward with an offer of his family an- en years will take a blind boy out of cestral hall. So it came about that the street, and if he has it in him, make side by side with the altar where in- a self-respecting, useful citizen. cense is burned to ancestral spirits stands the Christian teacher's desk; Introducing Coolies to the Missionaries and on the same wall hang scrolls inscribed with ancient Chinese maxims MR. WALTER SCOTT ELLIOTT and posters bearing messages from formerly of the American Bible the Bible. Society in China, spent three years among Chinese war laborers in Extent of the Fam1ne France. French authorities forbade the teaching of religion at inland coolie THE present famine in China is dif- camps, but at Marseilles, the port ferentiated from all that have oc- from which the coolies were sent curred during the past forty years in home, this restriction was not in force, that it is caused by drouth, whereas and Mr. Elliott was able to carry on previous famines were due to floods. direct missionary work. To every This accounts for the extensive area man who would accept it was given a affected by the present disaster. The Chinese Testament and a card of inaverage rainfall in North China is troduction to a missionary in his home thirty inches per year, but since the district. He expects to return to fall of 1919 there have been in large China and follow up this work by areas less than two inches. In North visiting the men whose lives he Honan no crops have been harvested touched in France. since 1919. The area affected has extended until famine conditions pre- Need for ArgricnItnral Reform vail in a territory approximating 100,000 square miles, and .outside of THREE paralyzing obstacles are this a total area of 375,000 square blocking the way to improved miles is suffering from a shortage of farming in China. The first centers food. It is estimated that before con- in the deadening influence of superstiditions can be normal, more people tion and the destructive negative will pave perished by starvation than ideals of pallan religions. As an inwere killed in the great war. If ade- stance of this is the popular theory quate relief is not carried through that the dragon is in direct control of something akin to a collapse of civil- rain, and omnipresent beneath the ization may result in this vast area. surface of the land. The railroad Some governmental action on the part restricts his free movement, and his of western nations is needed. anger leads him to retaliate by with- holding rain. Yet without railroads Institution for the Blind surplus products cannot be put on the market. THERE are in Kiangsu province at . least five thousand blind boys be- 151

'rhe second obstacle lies in the house in 1916 has outgrown its quarignorance of Chinese farmers as to ters more than once, and its Board methods which will enable them to of Directors, all Koreans, now propose produce more grain, live stock and the erection of a $25,000 building, to other products per man, and the accommodate 300 pupils. third lies in the faults of the economic organization of Chinese More than half the Shanghai Koragriculture. From half to two-thirds eans are Christians, and they are enof the farmers of China are esti- thusiastically supporting the school mated to be tenants who first divide proposition, which will also afford the crop with the landlord and then them a proper place for church sdivdevote a fifth of their share to the ices. evil spirits of which they stand in awe. By practical demonstration to White Son Pray for Yellow Son the Chinese farmer of the productive power of fertilizers on his clay soil, WARREN W. CLINE, Y. M. C. A. and of the folly of spending a fifth worker in Peking, sends the folof his income on idol worship, the lowing terse statement of China's need trained agriculturist can reform and as expressed in a letter from one of vitalize the millions of discouraged his pupils. Chinese farmers. "My dear Cline, I hope you pray for our From Prisoner to Pastor China in your prayer. I be sure God will be blessing our China if His white son REV. YIN CH'IN TAO, who was pra,' for His yellow son." ordained to the Episcopal ministry on November 4, in Hankow, was con- This young Chinese, who has sucverted to Christianity in prison by a cessfully passed the entrance examinfellow prisoner. Both were serving ation for Peking University, will terms for being associated with a study for the Christian ministry. He revolutionary movement against the has won fifty-one other young. men Manchus. Mr. Yin was a profound besides his immediate family to Christ, scholar, learned in all the wisdom ,of during the short year and a half of his Confucius and was not easily persuad- own Christian life. ed that there could be a better philosophy, but the Christian prisoner's JAPAN Christlike spirit under adversity gave force to his exposition of Bible truth, The Printed Page Bears Fruit and Mr. Yin was finally won. He has now been assigned to one of the most THE Record of Christian Work tells difficult posts in the ,diocese, Sznan, of a counterfeiter who answered fourteen days' journey from Hankow. an advertisement offering literature bv mail to those interested. He re- Korean School in China c~ived a tract by Mr. Kanamori, "The Story of Taro Ando's Conversion" OVER 800 Koreans now live in and aNew Testament, all of which Shanghai and a suitable school is he read. The passage in the narrative needed for their children. It is an- of the Crucifixion "This man hath ticipated that within the next two or done nothing amiss" impressed him three years the number of Korean with the sharp contrast between children, of school age will number Christ and himself. His behaviour more than 200. There are also nearly began to improve and this led .to a 200 older Korean stuuents in the city, shortening of his term. As soon as most of whom are handicapped by released he asked for baptism, and poor language preparation, and are subsequently started a church, now appealing for help in this particular. self-supporting, in the town where he A small. school started in a priV<lte lived.

"Loving Neighbor" Institute THE new home for kindergarten and other Christian social work erected at Oita by the Woman's Mis-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

sionary Council of the Southern Meth- Although founded by an illiterate odist Mission was dedicated by Bishop woman, the cult is being developed by Lambuth on September 23, 1920. The trained and intellectual leaders, who Mayor of Oita, whose three children are its theologians and organizers. The were brought up in this kindergarten, Osaka Taissi Nichinichi has been purmade a congratulatory address, in chased for the spread of the doctrine. which he made reference to Christian- Allegations are made in some quarity as a force which lives to serve hu- ters that Omoto-Kyo is the scheme manity. The mayor professes no re- of militarists, who plan to use it to ligion, yet asked the privilege of tes- promote their ambitions. . tifying to the influence for good which this institution is exerting, The en- The Monkey Temple terprise includes two buildings, a home for the. missionaries and the one THE rites of the famous m~:mkey just completed, Airin Kwan, or "Lov- shrine in Osaka are a mIxture ing Neighbor" Institute. The build- of Chinese and Buddhist influence. ing contains kindergarten and club The three monkeys, with their legrooms, class rooms and dormitories. end of not seeing, hearing, or speak- It will be the headquarters for city ing evil, is of Indian origin, and the twenty-four hour worship period oband district evangelistic work for wo- served comes from Chinese Taoism. men. This twenty-four hour festival oc- curs every sixty days and is gov- Japan's New Religion erned by the monkey sign of the Zodiac. The purpose of the worship DR. EDWIN E. SLOSSON de- is to overcome the w.ork of three clares that a form of Shinto faith germs, supposed to dwell in man- kind, controlling different parts of called "Omoto-Kyo," or "The Funda- the body. For example, the one mental Faith," is gaining great pres- which resides in the head will cause gray hair, sore eyes, etc., if sins are tige in Japan, in spite of government committed which arouse him. opposition. As with Christian Science There is a shrine with three living a woman was the founder. It is de- monkeys, and to the left of it stone images of the original monkeys with scribed as a combination of Shinto, hands over eyes, ears or mouth. While this temple has its devotees it chauvinism, megalomania 'and mes- also has opponents. Shintoists point merism. It emphasizes faith healing, to its worship as an illustration of Buddhism's effect,; highly developed but does not recognize Christ; com- Buddhists decry it as not being Buddhism, while the non-religious munism, nationalism, millennialism scornfully say this is what religion does for people. and mysticism are characteristic teachings. It issues a monthly magazine Japan Evangelist.

and a well edited daily. The New Korean Women The founder of the cult was a poor THE Korean author of a recent book dedicates his volume "To the rag picker, the widow of a drunken Women of Korea." Another prom- inent Korean describes his countrycarpenter and mother of eight chil- women in the following fashion: "The change in the women is beyond dren, who died in 1918, leaving 10,000 imagination. I cannot believe my eyes. It seems as if Heaven had volumes of manuscript (it is claimed) touched earth. The women have describing her visions, much of which is illegible or incomprehensible. The following is a brief summary of this religion: Japan is the divine country: All lands are now in the control of de- mons. Modern civilization is based on selfish individualism which must be displaced by communism. One of the great gods is soon to appear and establish his reign of peace following a day of judgment in 1922. '

awakened all of a sudden. They know Immigration to Malaysia more of what is going on in the world than the men do." CHINESE and I.ndian immigratio[ into British Malaysia is increasing These tributes to the new found by leaps and bounds. From 1901· place and power of Korean women is a direct testimony to· the uplifting 1910 it was 235,100; from 1911-1913 power of Christianity. it reached 365,800 and doubtless has Women's Educational Association increased still further since the arm- AN EDUCATIONAL association istice. has been formed by Korean women Both Indians and Chinese are far which carries on three lines of active ity-a night school, a magazine and a more open to new influences for good lecture course. The night school opened last April with eighteen stu- or evil in these surroundings than at dents and ten Christian women in- home. But the preponderating religstructors. The school has grown to an enrolment of 160 students. ious influence of Malaysia is Moslem.

The purpose of the lecture course Nineteen out of twenty in these isis to afford up to date knowledge of lands follow Mohammed; but they are world events, and it is hoped that less bigoted than most of their fellows through these lectures may come moral quickening, and a stimulus to in other lands. Malaysia is a field for social intercourse among Korean women. It is the sincere desire and con- service to the whole of Southern and fident belief of those who have this work in charge that the association Eastern Asia. . will do much toward. the education and development of Korean women, C. M. S. Review and that it will have great influence in bringing them to know Jesus Christ INDIA and His saving power. The Work of a Famine Waif SIAM AND MALAYSIA REV. C. W. POSNETT, who has Teaching ot BuddlrlBm Urged been in charge of a mission at Medak, tells of a famine child re- AN ARTICLE in the Siamese ceived in his home twenty years ago. Teachers' Monthly contrasts the After he became strong and the famlethargy of the Siamese in spreading Buddhism in the schools with the zeal ine ended, his relatives persuaded him of American, British and French missionaries. The writer commends the to run away from the mission. For methods of Christian missionaries, showing that the missionary tries to a few years he was lost sight of; then benefit a place in a way that inspires he turned up with a crowd of people faith in him and his religion. The help he gives is usually of a physical whom he had taught and prepared for nature, and also includes the founding of schools, for they think that teach- baptism. The missionary testifies that ing the children in their religion when they are young will later make them he never met a group better prepared strong disciples. In this way they than they. get a large number of women. He laments that in most Buddhist homes A week or two later cholera broke tliere .is almost no teaching, and in very few homes are there any truly out and these village people were the religious persons. ones who had to do the menial work of the sacrifices, kill the cattle that are offered, and carry the bleeding heads round the village behind the devil priest. They were to be well paid for it; the famine was at its height and they were starving. But they had become Christians; they talked the matter over with their boy teacher, who knew what it was going to cost them to refuse, but there was no hesitation. They said they were willing to make a sacrifice, and they would make their offerings to the temple of Jesus but nothing would make them take their ancient part in the cholera sacrifice. They were told that they need not make any sacrifice

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

themselves if they just did the work; MOSLEM LANDS but their young leader kept them to America Educating Armenians A their word. Although the cholera N EDUCATIONAL program which deserves attention because raged, God spared all their homes. Duyanodaya of results accomplished under great Mahrattas Seek Purer Religion handicaps and with meager equipment is that conducted by Americans in A MOVEMENT among the Mah- Armenia. If the Armenia of tomor- rattas in the Bombay district row is to hold its own in the world seems to have been inspired by the an education for the young genera- presence of Christian missions.. A so- tion is of prime .importance. For ciety entitled Satya Shodak Samaj, five years the children of Armenia "the Society for the Search of Truth" have been without schools, most of was started sonie years ago, its aims them without discipline or training of being (1) The overthrow of the any sort. Their mental action is stif- Brahman supremacy over the Mah- fened through disuse, but once aroused rattas, (2) The substitution of Mah- and restored to normal health they rattas for Brahmans to perform the are all eagerness and enthusiasm. The priestly duties and ceremonies in their Americans have had to take two fac- caste, (3) The teaching of a p1,lre tors into consideration-the need to Hindu religion. So far as it goes, give a general education in a short the teaching of the Satya Shodak time; and the necessity of training the Samaj is based in part on Christian pupils in some special trade, so that truth. The movement seems to rep- they may support themselves. Re- resent the dissatisfaction of the hu- sults show that some have accomp- man heart with the popular system of lished in one year as much as former idolatry as taught and practised by the students accomplished in five. Their Brahmans; it also represents an at- keenness in industrial classes is great, tempt on the part of the Mahrattas to and boys of twelve soon become ex- make up a new religion for them- pert shoemakers, tailors and carpen- selves, with the grosser superstitions ters.

of Hinduism left out.

The Mission Field Save a Syrian Orphanage Catholics Become Mohammedans A LETTER from A. Edward Kel- . sey, American Friend missionary A LARGE number of Roman Cath- at Ram Allah near Jerusalem, indi- olic converts without caste deter- cates that there is danger that the mined to challenge the right of caste Syrian Orphanage may be turned over Catholics to the exclusive use of the to the Zionists within the next few church, and as a test entered it dur- months. This institution has been ing a service. On hearing of this un- built up by German Christian mis- precedented audacity of the hitherto sionary effort, covering a period of humble casteless worshippers, the over sixty years, and has been tem- castemen ejected them without any porarily under the management of the protest from ecclesiastical authorities. American Near East Relief, who will Chagrined at this display of unchris- doubtless feel that they cannot .be tian spirit, some of these casteless much longer responsible for the work.

Catholics' are reported to have re- The Zionists are evidently most de- nounced their Church and embraced sirous of securing the institution, and Islam. the fact that the British governor of Gaste has been encouraged among Palestine is himself a Jew ami a Zion- Catholic converts on the specious plea ist is a circumstance in their favor.

that other Hindus would thereby be According to the Versailles Treaty attracted to the Church. mission property should revert to the Christian Patriot. original owners, but the Zionists hold

that this is not a missionary institu- reason for the scarcity is the dread tion. All the English missionaries in of an Egyptian woman to live in any that field have expressed themselves other but her native town. There is as strongly in favor of the property also the ignorant, but ever-present being restored to its rightful owners, and annoying excuse, that it is a and the authorities of the orphanage shame for a girl or woman to earn ask that American and English Chris- her own living. By the majority it tians use their influence to prevent this is also thought a shame for a woman Christian institution from falling into to go about the streets, even in day the hands of Jews. time, unattended, and a greater shame to enter the houses of others than "Only a Woman" her relatives.

DR. LICHTWARDT, a new phy- Boy's Home, Khal'tnm sician sent to Meshed, Persia, by American Presbyterian Sun d a y- ALMOST the whole world has conschools, writes that many of the tributed to the population of Kharsuffering women of Persia are o- tum. It is one of the great cross bliged to steal away during their hus- roads of Africa. Wandering about band's absence in order to consult a its streets are large numbers of unphysician. They come entreating: owned, disowned, lost or 'neglected "Honorable Doctor, please see me children, for whom the American immediately that I may return home Mission has maintained a home for before my husband notices my ab- the past eighteen or twenty years. sence, else he will beat me severely." This home carries in stock about for- More than one man has said to Dr. ty boys, of divers races and religions, Lichtwardt, when speaking of his and is one of the Christian power wife's condition, "Oh, well, let her house plants of the Sudan. To the die, for even if she gets well, I'll human eye it appears small and inadedivorce her and get a new wife, for quate, for Africa is a vast continent I don't want a 'weak one' in my and Khartum a teeming city where household." only a limited number know even of the existence of such a school, but thto Scarcity or Bible Women religion of Jesus Christ is working transformations in the lives of some MISS HELEN J. FERRIER of these waifs. writes in the United Presbyterian of the great need for Bible United Presbyterian women to touch the lives of women and girls in Egypt. These women Magazine for Armenian ChIldren can visit homes which almost no other stranger can enter. They bring BECAUSE of an urgent need for to mourners the Christian's true com- wholesome literature in connection fort. The wailings provide excellent with recently established orphanages opportunity for preaching the gos- for Armenian children a weekly pubpel, as Christians and Moslems are lication has been started called Armgathered promiscuously together. It enian Youth. Each copy contains sixis the custom, inherited from the teen pages, and is freely illustrated. Copts, for Egyptian women not to The paper begins with a circulation of go to church for a year or more 2000. Nearly or quite fifty thousand after a death has occurred in the Armenian children are already in orfamily, and many Christian church phanages, and as many more outside members adhere to this custom. the orphanages are in need of stimu- lating, moral guidance. A Bible woman would be able to help them break away from this cus- Cairo's Outcast Walts tom, but for the hundreds of thousands of Egyptian women only a few CAIRO'S destitute children are besuch helpers are available. One ginning to receive attention, both from the selfish veiwpoint of those

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

who wish to rid the streets of troub- Africa preparing for work in Djiddah, lesome sights, and from those who Arabia. They will study Arabic and have the children's welfare at heart. dentistry in Cairo as an entrance key The Cairo Brotherhood Federation to Djiddah. Mr. Miller has been a has drawn up a plan for the erection London City missionary for seven of a Shelter and Training Home, and years, and his wife has had Bible at a recent meeting of the Brother- school and midwifery training. Pray- hood an appeal for this work was ers are asked for these pioneers.

made to all whose lives had been in- Successes in Nigeria spired to useful service by the Eddy meetings. A plea was made for 100 DR. A. P. STIRRETT of the Sumen who would search out these chil- ,dan Interior Mission last year paid dren of disadvantage, teach them and a visit to the Yagba tribe, where, up care for them or undertake the col- to 1908 no missionary work had been lecting of funds. undertaken.. He writes that there is now a congregation numbering almost The beginning made by Japan in a thousand. There is a baptized memthis direction was cited, as also the bership of about 450. Many homes Barnardo Homes in England, where maintain family worship. Some of fifty years ago the city streets were the young men are preparing for the as full of wretched children as in Christian ministry. Cairo today. A site for the Egyptian Home has been promised, and about Pioneer missionaries entered anhalf the amount required to get the other tribe, the Jabas, in 1909, and scheme in operation has been secured. the first convert was baptized in 1915. The work will be non-political and Persecution has broken out at times non-denominationa1. but recent reports from this tribe tell us that prayer meetings are being held The Khalllate Sunday forenoons among believers DURING the recent congress at and adherents, and a more recent let- Baku the question of the separa- ter mentions the fact that several betion of the Sultanate and Khalifate lievers have gone on long evangelistic was discussed. Ulemas and various tours among their tribesmen.

influential men from a number of Mo- New Bible House at Lagas hammedan countries were present. It was decided to offer the Khalifate A LONG cherished plan to estabto the Amir of Afghanistan, and it is lish suitable headquarters for understood that a delegation has left Bible distribution in West Africa has to inform the Amir of this decision of been realized. In 1919 a new Bible the congress. House was erected at Lagos, the whole cost being defrayed by the Man- Egyptian Gazette itoba and Saskatchewan Auxiliary of the Canadian Bible Society. Friends AFRICA of the work in western Canada have also paid for the entire furnishing. In Algiers Editions of the Scriptures in fifty-four different languages current in West MISS JENNY DE MAYER, whose Africa have been published; while article on Afghanistan appeared more than 25,000 copies of these vernin our October number, writes from nacular versions. and about the same "Dar Naama," El Biar, Algiers, No- number in English, are being distribvember 15, 1920, that she was leav- uted along the West Coast each year. ing for three months at Biskra to open that place to the Gospel by do- Christian Express ing colportage work among the French and Jews. Subsequently, an Arabic-. General Congo Conference speaking woman worker will be sent to join her in work among the Arabic P villages. Two Christian workers, ERMISSION has been granted by the French government for a Mr. and Mrs. Miller, are in North

general conference of Protestant mis- tical manifestation of unity was in sions on the Congo to be held at itself an object lesson in cooperation Brazzaville in November, 1921. At which made its own impression.

least one hundred missionaries are ex- The message was both brief and pected to attend. In connection with forceful, and was plainly stated: this Conference a missionary indus- No power other than the Spirit of trial exhibition will be held. Christ can provide the dynamic for international, industrial and individual Salvationists In West AIrica reformation.

THE Salvation Army has sent two Congregationalist workers to begin activities at La- Gospel Distribution in France gos, with a view to extending th~ T~E ~cripture .Gift Mission is p?-twork of the Army into Nigeria and tmg m operatldn a plan by which the Gold Coast, and to establishing a training college for their officers every home in France is to have a somewhere in West Africa. They copy of the Gospel. Several years have been followed by a party of will be required to accomplish this, twelve men and women of African but steady progress is reported. Ar- descent from Jamaica with other ticles published in French Christian Europeans, the total number being papers have brought responses from about twenty. isolated sections of France, from those C. M. S. Revtew who have been for years out of reach of places of worship. Opportunity Sadhu Sundar Singh Impresses AIricans for distributing Gospels was taken MISSIONARY Junod of the Swiss advantage of during the Fete des Romande Mission in South Africa M ortes, when thousands of Roman' has been reading the life of Sadhu Catholics visited the cemeteries.

Sundar Singh to the native Christians, and writes that these readings – Baptist Work in Europe B have produced a profound impression APTIST problems and activity in Europe occupied the attention of upon the native pastors, as well as other Christians. One good woman the Board of Managers of the Baptist related that she had gone home after Foreign Mission Society at their hearing the story and was unable to meeting in New York in September.

speak. Another said: "We can see Some of the members brought back that this man has found something in- a report of the international Baptist finitely precious, the peace of his soul. Conference in London, and told of Wherever the Spirit of God is, similar the· missionary enthusiasm among things will take place, for He inspires· Baptists of Sweden, Denmark and courage and determination." Norway. Swedish Baptists have sent out forty foreign missionaries, while EUROPE 4,300 Baptists of Norway are plan- Cbristlan Campaign in England ning to raise 800,000 kroner in five A UNITED Christian campaign, yea r s. Swedish Baptists, 60,000 with the challenge "Christ or strong-including none of the 30,000 Chaos?" was carried on in Leeds, an Baptists who have come from that important English industrial center, country to America-have made as from October to December. great· progress in membership in The whole city was systematically seventy-two years as Baptists of mapped out, and scores of business America made in their first 150 houses, mills and factories were vis- years of history. Norwegian Bap- ited, usually at the noon hour, by an tists are planning to establish a Deep Anglican and a Free Churchman to- Sea Mission in northern Norway.

gether, the one acting as chairman Hungarian Baptist~ had been liv- and the other as speaker. This prac- ing. on a diet chiefly of pumpkins so

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

as to make possible the distribution Russia, before the War, accorded the of 150,000 Bibles, 500,000 New Tes- British and Foreign Bible Society the taments and 1,000,000 tracts to sol- most generoils facilities and the warm- diers. est welcome. Over eighty Russian colporteurs were employed by the So- Gospel Work In Poland ciety at the time the war began. In 1919, when the Society's last English THE Russian Bible and Evangel- representative was forced to flee from ization Society, a non-sectarian Petrograd the Bible depot was left organization with headquarters at 156 in charge of a veteran Russian Chris- Fifth Avenue, New York, and of tian. No news from him reached which Mr. G. P. Raud is Secretary, England for twenty months, but has just published the first number of last November a letter came by a cir- "The Russian Harvest Field," a cuitous route, saying all his books small monthly. Branches of the So- were sold and his funds exhausted. ciety are being established in Russian A reassuring telegram, with a supply of money, was promptly despatched to Poland, Czecho-Slovakia, Jugo-Slavia, this isolated servant of God.

Bulgaria and in other countries of the The Bible in Greece field. They also have operating con- nections with Soviet Russia and copies K ING ALEXANDER of Greece, of the Scripture are being distributed. . who died last October, probably H. B. Centz, who went to Russian did less for his people politically than Poland and Czecho-Slovakia last sum- did his father and grandfather, but it mer, for the Society, writes of un- was during his reign that the New paralleled opportunities, an urgent Testament iri modern Greek was al- need for preachers and a genuine hun- lowed entrance into Greece. This has ger for the Word of God. He reports been a forbidden book; and only a that Czecho-Slovakia is a haven of few copies have been smuggled in by .rest compared with other places. Mr. Greeks returning from the United Centz expects to return to Poland as States. An eagerness for the forbid- soon as he secures a supply of Scrip- den book has developed, and although tures, where ·he has been promised ac- the constitution forbidding Scripture cess to the camps of Bolshevik pris- circulation still stands, thousands of oners of war, who will one day go copies have been sold in Athens and back to Russia. Under the present groups for Bible study formed. regime, no religious organization that had not been in Poland before the Christian Advocate war can begin new work there, but through the cooperation of the Y. M. LATIN AMERICA C. A. he was granted entrance. People seem ready to jump at each other's A Saving Force on Canal Zone throats in Warsaw. Robberies are common and human life is held very AT LEAST seventeen Protestant cheap. Warsaw has a population of denominations are represented more than a million, fully 400,000 be- among the five hundred resident meming Jews. bers ofthe Union Church ofthe Canal Zone. This church includes four local Russia and the Bible congregations and one mission among the Panamanian aborigines. Since it MUCH as the Russian Orthodox has not yet been possible to uproot Church has been condemned as the liquor evil and its attendant vices just over the border of the Canal corrupt and £"!.Iperstitious, it is never- area in the Isthmian cities. this church theless true that this Church clings is having a salutary influence in dotenaciously to the Bible, and its priests ing the next best thing-providing opencourage their people to read it. portunity for religious worship, places for clean amusement, and on Sundays Of all European countries modem

maintains Bible <::lasses for soldiers. goes beyond the limits of cities and Our unwary soldiers and sailors towns. Vast rural sections are still should be safeguarded at all costs, not in happy isolation, without roads, to mention the many thousands of mail routes, telephones or public other nationalities who come to the schools, passively accepting these con- Zone. ditions_ Gains in Mexico A census taker recently registered three thousand persons, and thirteen THE Mexico Conference ot the were able to sign their names. Southern Methodist Church met in Durango last fall and a forty per Presbyterian of the South cent increase in church membership was reported. Gifts for all purposes A Suggestion-Publicity had increased 160%. In the Mon'terey District three congregations paid the I N THE State of Parana, South entire salary of the pastor, and two Brazil, a missionary of the Presothers paid half. Two new churches were organized during the year, and byterian Board has arranged with 'a within the past two years nineteen local paper to give him a column a men have been licensed to preach. About 180 Mexican young people have week for anything which he deems volunteered for special service. of interest connected with his work in this part of our sister continent.

. In the middle west of the U. S. A.

a large daily paper gives each week and month space for foreign mission Tithing In Cblle items. These are prepared by a lover of missions, who is tireless in METHODISTS and Presbyterians have been joining forces in Chile her work of making the news of to accomplish greater things. One of the advance of Christ's Kingdom in the most gratifying results has been the regions beyond, known to readers the large number of tithers secured. In a new church organized in San- of local news. All the World. tiaro a few months ago everyone of the "nre than thirty members was a NORTH AMERICA tither. Three of the four churches in Santiago expect to be self-supporting Christian Daily Appears in the near future. THE first number of the "American Tbe Challenge of Brazil Daily Standard," the Christian daily of Chicago," appeared Decem- THE most widely circulated secular ber 22, in the form of a Christmas edi- journal of Brazil makes 'the fol- tion. It is issued every evening except lowing unvarnished statement: "Each Sunday, and there will be no Sunday work at the publication plant. In State of Brazil, without a single ex- addition to the United Press news service, there are included a home deception, constitutes a hot-bed of ig- partment, children's page, agricultural column, church page and financial norance, a slaughter-pen of intetlects, business and market news.

a factory of illiterates, a convergence Results From Prohibition oufnluenttperreepda. redn*es*s,*a breeding-place of AN OCCASIONAL summing up In all Catholic of the results of national prohibi- tion is of value as are-enforcement countries illiteracy is, most intense. of the Eighteenth Amendment. We hear about the "home brews" and the In Italy, the percentage of illiteracy failure to enforce prohibition. It is true that laws cannot compel all peois 41.8 per cent for the whole popula- ple to be sober, any more than it can compel them to be sane but it is well tion. In Spain it is 59.35 per cent, to look at the sober facts reported from official records. while in Portugal it attains to 79 to 80 per cent. In Latin America about 80 per cent of all the population is illit- erate."

Public education in Brazil scarcely

FROM MANY LANDS

Dr. Burdette G. Lewis, of the New little over half a million, has a budget Jersey State Hospital, reports that the for foreign missions amounting to number of alcoholic dementia cases in $687,133.21 English-speaking as well the first year under prohibition de- as Swedish, Danish, Icelandic, Gercreased seventy-five per cent-even . man and Finnish Synods have their synodical budgets. In addition to in New Jersey! The chief of police in Washington, these special budgets the Lutheran D. C., reports a decrease in arrests of Church of America ,supports three fifty-eight per cent for the first eight voluntary missions; to the Jews of months of prohibition as compared America, the Santals of India and with the record for the corresponaing the "Lutheran Orient Mission," with time one year previous to the prohibi- its work among Mohammedan Kurds of Western Asia. tion law. N. I. LOMe In San Antonio, Texas, the Lone Star Brewing Company has changed Preaching In the California on Fields its brewing plant i.nto a textile. plant employing three hundred more work- THE Continent tells of the remarkers than formerly. ably fruitful ministry of Rev. W.

A former brewery in Toledo, Ohio, F. S. Nelson, who left his pulpit in which employed seventy-eight men is Santa Barbara, California, four years now making malted milk and employ- ago to become pastor-at-large among ing 278 men. the oil field workers of Santa Maria.

The police report for the city of "Playing his own portable organ, Providence, Rhode Island, shows a leading the singing, expounding the decrease of arrests of thirty-one per Bible in the vernacular of the drill- cent in the first six months of 1920, crew, the machinists and prospectors, as compared with the same period in he drilled his own way into the hearts 1919. of an otherwise sadly neglected class For the year ending July 1, 1919, in of workingmen until the shortest and the State of Massachusetts there were surest way to a small international 93,445 arrests for drunkenness. For war is to speak unkindly of 'our par- the year ending July 1, 1920, there son.' The Ford given him by the were 29,608, or a decrease of seventy men themselves registers over 62,000 per cent. miles traveled in this novel ministry.

In Dayton, Ohio, the number of ar- The 'sky pilot' spends ten days on his rests for the first" six months of 1919 field, speaking every night and three was 4,480. In the corresponding per- times on Sunday, then goes home for iod in 1920 the number was 1,233. four days to get ready for his next In the first year of prohibition in series of sermons and Bible messages.

Chicago the average number of ac- During the influenza epidemic he cidents per month decreased ninety- stayed seven weeks without rest, visit- five per cent. ing and nursing the sick and burying the dead."

Missions in the Lutheran Church THE Lutheran Church in America, ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC has a complex problem before it- Holiness Convention In New Hebrides T the many languag-es in which it must HE entire population of Pele and Emau of the New Hebrides group work, and the difficulty which arises with the transition to the English has for many years been Christian- language. ized, but the young generation, ignor- In the Lutheran Church of Amer- ant of the savagery from whic·h their ica each Synod has its own mission fathers had been rescued, have fallen field and its individual budgets. The into careless ways and incline to for- Norwegian Lutheran Church of get God. To renew their spiritual America, having a membership of a life a "Holiness Convention" was re-

cendy held, attended by all the dwell- all and vindicate Christianity to the ers of Pele and Emau, and entered world?" into with enthusiasm and devotion. OBITUARY The New Hebrides Dr. Mark WUllanJB or ChJna EPORTS from the New Hebrides R Presbyterian Mission contain both Rev. Mark Williams, D. D., encouragement and disappointment. missionary of the American Board It appears that there has been a re- at Taiku, China, died August 9 naissance of heathenism in some of the on board the Steamer "Empress Christian villages which has wrought of Russia" as he was returning to much havoc. In other islands there his field. Dr. Williams was mar- are regrettabfe signs of backsliding ried to a daughter of Rev. S. R. and a loss of that enthusiasm which Riggs, and together they began oharacterized the converts of the first their missionary service in Kal- generation. On the other hand, how- gan in 1867, where they lived for ever, there has been !puch to encour- thirty-four years. In the Boxer 'age on other islands, such as Tanna, outbreak of 1900, Dr. Williams South and West Malekula, especially made his escape through the Gobi in the last named district, where there desert and across Russia to the has been a large accession from United States, but returning in among those who have been obdurate 1902 he taught in the academy at heathen. Tungchow .for seven years, after which he removed to Taiku. GENERAD Dr. MacaJlster of India Day of Prayer for Studentll REV. GEORGE MACALISTER, THE World's Student Christian D. D., for many years a mi~· Federation has asked for the ob- servance of Sunday, February 27, sionary of the United Free Church 1921, as the Universal Day of Prayer in Rajputana, died recently in Edin- for Students. burgh. Dr. Macalister first went to India 'in 1871, and was stationed at The call indicates as one cause for Beawar, Ajmer and Jaipur until he thanksgiving, the significant begin- retired from service in 1912. nings of Student Movements in Ozecho-Slovakia, Poland, RO)1manla At the request of the Maharajah and Greece as an outgrowth of tIle he prepared a grammar and dic- unselfish ministry of the Federation fonary of the dialects of Jaipur and the Christian Association during State, illustrated by' selections of the the war. literature written in three different dialects. Prayer is especially asked that the forces of living Christianity may be WilHam BaJ,pr of Ireland effectively brought to bear upon the destitute and discouraged, yet spirit- MR. WILLIAM BAKER, honor- ually approachable students of Central ary director of the Barnardo and Southeastern Europe, that the Homes, died November 17, in his sev- new traveling secretaries of the Fed- enty-second year. As member of the eration may be given wisdom' and Homes' Council and Finance Com- power to meet the extraordinary de- mittee, Mr. Baker served the Institu- mands upon them from all parts of tion for eighteen years until the death the world; and that Christian students of the founder in 1905, when he be- may so exemplify the spirit of Christ came Dr. Barnardo's successor, and . as to justify the hope of the Indian consolidated the work begun by him. leader who wrote: "Do you think that At the time of Dr. Barnardo's death out of the Federation, a new order 60,000 children had been supported will emerge which will strengthen us and educated for a fair start in life. Today the records show a total of 90,000. 0,6$;" ,Au iriiiJi~ db:;; iCWa ,d:u"M~ The Dawn of a New Era in Syria. By and the varied measures described in Margaret McGilvary. IIIus. 302 pp. chapters seven and eight, are refresh- New York: Fleming H. Revell Com- ing incidents. pany, New York. 1920. Despite the outlook of the author Miss McGilvary was the secretary and the -:'Cllume's closing appeal, "Will of the Beirut Chapter of the Red Cross America stand by 'The Fourteen and had the further advantage of the Points'?" we fear that the death of tutelage and general outlook of her American altruism in the political field uncle and aunt, who are missionaries has doomed aU hope of much allevialong working in Syria. She has here tion from this part of the globe. given a deeply interesting account of A History of the Japanese People, from what has happened in Syria during the Earliest Times to the End of the the past five years, during which con- Meiji Era. By Capt. F. Brinkley, ditions have been anything but nor- R. A., with the collaboration of mal. The country was isolated and pCBpoa.mropnaNneKyw.ikuYc1h9oi1r.5k.:IIGlueso.rgme apHs,. xDi,or7a8n4 dominated first by the Constantinople This resuscitation of the Encyclo- triumvirate, the Pashas Talaat, Enver pedia Britannica's India paper edition and Jemal whom Ambassador Mor- of the best work on the subject in the genthau has shown to be infamous. English language deserves the grati- Later the land was conquered by the tude of historians to the Doran Com- Allied forces under Allenby. These pany. The author's adult life was circumstances supply the basis for all sorts of thrills without artificial ex- spent mainly in Japan, and as editor for many years of the leading journal citation. in the Far East he had kept in daily The closing of this highway of the touch with Japan's changing fortunes. This astute Englishman was also a nations; Syrian disintegration due to discriminating student of his adopted the Turks and the physical, racial and country's ancient history, which he religious divisions of Syria itself; here essays to interpret jointly with mobilizing an elusive army, with Ger- Baron Dairoku Kikuchi. The 150 ilmany writ large on its banners; the lustrations engraved by Japanese artabrogations of the Capitulations ists upon wood, numerous exceUent which led to mistreatment of consular halftones and well ex~cuted maps, officials and the cruel deportations beautify and complete the volume. akin to the worse fate of the Armen- Captain Brinkley is a picturesque but ian millions; the advent of the Amer- accurate historian, and took a great ican Red Cross, with a very restricted interest in politics and their recent and consequently narrow program; development. the deportation and imprisonment of the American Director of relief; and Baron Kikuchi is quite right in his the day of Syria's liberation-these contention that to really know any facts are narrated in vivid style. people, it is necessary to have a The scenes are black in many chap- thorough knowledge of their history, ters, especially the twelfth and fif- including their mythology and folkteenth and in the passages describing lore, as weU as customs, habits and a twentieth century Herod and the traits of character, which to the supassassin Chief of Police-dark as erficial observer of a different nation- Turks without high principles and ality may seem odd or subversive of with a superabundance of brutish fer- ordinary ideas of morality, but which ocity could make them. In contrast by proper explanation may appear to with such barbarity, Dr. Dray's relief work, which kept alive four thousand, ]63 be reasonable. This accounts for the . of new ideas. For twenty-nine years first eleven' chapters dealing with the Tyndale-Biscoe has been experiment- prehistoric sovereigns who ruled until ing in the fine art of transforming our fifth century-a fascinating ming- dirty birth proud, useless Brahman ling of folklore, history and archaeology. From the seventeenth sover- boys into true men, with their caste eign who began to rule in 400 A; D., marks rubbed off and with a new spirit to Mutsuhito, the one hundred and twenty second who died in 1912, we within them. This change has been have the chronicles of a most remark- effected with plenty of brawn applied able dynasty-the sole one in all J apan's history. The story of war and upon and by the fifteen hundred boys peace, of arts and literature, of men of the samurai type which' flowered in his school, before Srinagar in in the free-lance yet admirable "Forty- beautiful Kashmir came to feel that seven Ronins" ; the marvelous reign of a new order had come into civic and Mutsuhito during which period this religious life. The volume is full of ancient nation awoke from its me- stories of how the principal began by diaeval feudalism and became the giant tossing haughty members of his staff of Asia and now one of the Five Great downstairs and into a boat. Swim- Powers of the world, and the ever ming, saving people in times of flood, present religious spirit which is at last and using the art of boxing for policslowly being influenced by Christian ing purposes came to have their place ideas-this is the gist of what one of honor. Marks for c,haracter are sees, rather than reads about, in this now even more emphasized in the remarkable volume. school than are those for history and mathematics. Christianity of a stal- In the nature of the case, with so wart and polemic sort is partly instilled vast a field, Captain Brinkley has not and partly pounded into the boys. If been able to go into minute detail. a system is to be known by its fruits, A bold stroke of the brush here and the Tyndale-Biscoe scheme is worthy there brings out in the national drama of being imitated in any school where' the attractive outline of a great na- conditions demand such methods and tion as it outgroW3 its ancient swad- where a tmln of the author's brawn, spirit and British temperament make it possible.

dling clothes and at last stands full Shepard of Aintab. By Alice Shepard armed upon the center of the Asiatic Riggs. 12mo. Paper or cloth. Instage. We cordially commend the terchurch World Movement. 1920.' work to all interested in studying the The medical missionary's life is growth of races and nations. Japan full of opportunities for adventure is our neighbor, and we need to know and for heroism. Dr. Shepard was far more of her than we now do, if an unusual man, and lived an unusual we would estimate her at her true life. His biography, written by his worth. daughter, is a fascinating story of Character Building in Kashmir. Rev. service and adventure in Asia Minor. C. E. Tyndale-Biscoe, 'M. A. IlIus. He won the hearts of all classes of pp. viii, 96. London: Church Mis- men by his kindness, but his work sionary Society, 1920. 3 s. often led him into danger and he had A small book and a very unusual many narrow escapes. A clear idea author whose views as to education, of the work of a pioneer medical are equally unique account for the in- missionary is given in this narrative, terest which any reader is sure to find which is conversational rather than in this illustrated narrative. Baden- philosophical in style. It is an excel- Powell's Foreword indicates that he lent book to read aloud or to put into thinks the book is especially intended the hands of medical students who for Boy Scouts but it will likew~se in- wish to make their lives count for terest the seasoned educator in search unselfish service to humanity. LEPERS LEPERS _ America's Share Missions In World Task If you are willing to add your gift to others Reminiscences of of like character toward alleviating the suf- Daniel Bliss fering of lepers in all lands, and ultimately Ridding the World of Leprosy. please send First President 0/ the Syrian ProteatcJnt your gift to the Treasurer of ' College~ Syria THE AMERICAN MISSION Missionary and Educator TO LEPERS, INC. Edited and Supplemented by His Eldest Son The story of his early day": his term of service, The 1921 budget asked of America for This as missionary of the American Board, in the Lebanon; his more than sixty years of association World Wide Call is $219,150, or the equival- with the famous Beirut institution. ere. Dlusent of $5 each twelve minutes, or $25 each trated, net $2:.2:5. hour of the day and night. Gifts large or small will be gratefully acknowledged, and The Dawn of a New Era in Syria may be sent through any authorized local Representative or to the Treasurer. The By Marg,aret MeGilvary A deeply interesting account of what happened in Society owns and controls Stations (with hospitals, homes etc.) at fifty-three different gra~:a~~~ae~hc~:g~l ~~~?e~~~' da~~~6'u~~,g: parts of its world wide field. It makes by reliable and credible witnesses. This book grants of money, material and service to possesses histOrical, missionary and political sigmany other stations conducted by Mission nitlcance ot more than ordinary value. mustraboards or by local native Governments. ted, net $2.50.

FLEMING H. REVELL, Treas., Chinese Heart Throbs With Introduction by Mary Stone, M. D. 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK By Jennie V. Hughes Miss Hughes displays a rare insight into and Wll11am Jay SChleffe1tn, Pres. sympathy with the people of the Land of Sinim. William M. DannQr, Sec'y. Her work is instinct with the true missionary spirit rendered eminently readable by many LEPERS LEPERS touches of literary grace. IDustrated, I2mo, net $1.50. Old Bibles The Three-Hour Re-Bound Sermon Haven't you often wanted that old –on God, Sin and Salvation Bible re-bound-that old Bible with all its associations and sentiment ? You Introduction by Rober! E. Speer have wondered where you could have By Rev. Paul Kanamori the work done and perhaps you have thought the price would be prohibitive. Here is a sermon which has been preached over eight hundred times in Japan, and secured nearly The rebinding of Bibles requires the work- 50,000 conversions. Robert E. Speer says: manship and services of men who have made "Many have wished to know how an able JaP'" a specialty of this kind of work. You can anese. with such an experience a3 Mr. Kanamori, have your Bible expertly rebound in leather could put the Ohristian Mes,age. 1 trust it may or cloth. have a wide circulatioD.u Net 11.25.

Send me your Bible by parcel post insured Sadhu Sundar Singh – I will send you an eHlmate of the cost (Called of God) .ubject to your approval before the work i. By Mrs. At'thur Parker done. London MillSionary Society~ Trivundram, India .. His story. ably told by Mrs. Arthur Parker, R. H. HOWLAND 156 Fifth Ave., New YOl'k reads like a book of Apostolic adventure. Paul's Rf='sO~ls:~teii".,j:~~dO£y ~~bf~il;e~: :..,4,a; come India's foremost evangeUst.It-B. 8. TimBS. illustrated.. net '1.25.

AT ALL BOOKSELLERS Fleming H. Revell Company NEW YORK: CHICAGO: 158 Fifth Avenue 17 N. Wabash Avenue P I _ mention TBII MIsSIONARY RBVIBW 0lI' TBII WORLD In wrlt1n& to adTertl…. The Will of the People Is Not Supreme God is on H18 throne.

Christ is th ~ .Huler of Nations. The Mor~l Law binds men and nations.

it is never safe to make the "will of the people" the standard where moral questions are involved. A Christian nation will acknowledge Christ and His law.

America Must Make the Twentieth Amendment a Religious Amendment FOR LITERATURE WRITE The Witness Committee 119 Federal Street Pittsburgh, Pa.

montgomery Ward &Co. $100.00 For Your Church MISSIONARY BUREAU Today's Housewife has helped Chicago, U.S.A. churches all over the country to raise funds in a refined, dig- has made a specialty of service to Mission- nified manner. Far superior aries in foreign lands for over 25 years. to the usual, threadbare, tiring Our Missionary Bureau will gladly furnish supper, sociable or bazaar. information, and assist you in assembling, Not a cent of expense or risk. packing, and shipping your overseas el{uip- Write today for details, Church ment. You save money by taking advant- age of our low carload freight rates. Before Aid Department. planning your overseas outfitting write for our MISSIONARY CIRCULAR and Today's Housewife large CATALOGUE of general merchan- dise sent free with = Co=o= pe~r~1t00oM~a-in St. ===~ PRICES GREATLY REDUCED New York Prices are reduced on nearly all lines. Qn . many items our 1921 prices are more than one-third below 1920 catalogue prices. Our catalogue will give you the lowest prices obtainable on high quality merchandise.

We guarantee safe delivery of our merchandise Anywhere in the World.

Please mention. TB:C MISlJOlfAlty a.VIryw " 'tHe WORl,D in writiDll' to advertisen MISSIONARY PERSONALS He" are 6ut four of many no/ahl. arllel., comin, out of the experienc., of tire Editor of Tk. Sunday DR. WILLIAM, 1. CHAMBERLAIN of the Sclrool Times, Clrarl., Gallaudet Trumhu!l, in tire Reformed Church Board of Foreign Mis- For Eastla.t summer. The ser/., commenc., In January, and will appear e"cluslvely In the Time•• sions returned on December 20, from his LEAVING the tiffin table, we went with Dr. Jona- than Goforth across the city of Hankow to the trip to the Far East. river's edge, where we took a stearu launch up ••• stream for several miles until we had reached a great REV. FRED L. BROWNLEE, associate pastor army eucampment, thl' Commanding General's headquarters, Ther, followed one of the most of the Pilgrim Congregational Church in memorable experiences of the entire sununer in the Far East, bringing us into personal touch with the Cleveland, Ohio, has accepted the position ~ook-of-Acts kind of Christianity in China to-day, ,m our ·.'. of Secretary of Missions under the Amer- Two Hours with China's Christian General ican Missionary Association. T o MANY, perhaps most, of the non-Christian REv. WEBSTER E. BROWNING has received Chinese "saving their face" is more than savthe degree of Doctor in Filosofia Letras ing their honor-in some cases more' than saving their life. The constant experiences the missionfrom the University of San Marcos, the aries and others are having with the "face saving" Chinese, and the makeshifts and indirections to oldest university on the American con- which people go in order that the all important "face" may be saved, sound like wildly imaginary tales to tinent. ••• us of the West. But they are sober facts. And there is a tremendous lesson for us all in DR. SIDNI(Y L. GULICK, formerly mis- "Saving One's Face" in China sionary of the American Board ill Japan, T HERE are many missionaries in China who behopes to return to that country, possibly for lieve that the whole Bible is God-breathed, in- errant and infallible. There are many missionaries a permanent residence. Dr. Gulick has in China who do not believe this. For some years past those who have been standing true to "the devoted his energies for the past seven faith once for all delivered" have had increasing conviction that they must come together in some years to the imllrovement of relations with felloWship as a testimony. On a mountain-top in China, last August, there was born from this deepthe Orient. *• * seated and widespread conviction a new movement "hich has tremendously ble.sed possibilities, and – DR. JOHN S'tUAR't CONNING, superintend- equally tremendous perils. The full story will be told of ent of Presbyterian home missions for China's New Stand for the Old Faith Baltimore Presbytery, has been selected to head the department of Jewish Evangeli?a- tion for the Board of Home Missions.

*** MR. JAMIS A. LAUGH'tON has been appointed to succeed the late Captain Luke Bickel in the work which he built up in the Inland Sea of- Japan. Mr. Laughton is the son of a missionary and has hlld experience as a sailor.

*** SAID a veterian missionary, last sununer: "We pray the Lord o£ the harvest that he will thrust REV. AR'tHUR C. RYAN has been ap- forth laborers into the harvest, and then we send those laborers to seminaries where they are pointed Agency Secretary of the American unfitted, wholly incapacitated, to work in the harv- Bible Society for the Levant to succeed est field." When some seminaries and pulpits and Mr. W. W. Peet. Mr. Ryan has served Sunday-school classes in Christian lands are denying under the American Board in Turkey since the Word ot God, the deity of Christ, the substitu- tionary atonement,. the miracles, and so much else, 1911. it is not surprising that the mission field is suffering from this. The church at home must know the *** truth as to EX-Pru;SIDJlN't T. HARADA of the Dosh- Higher Critical Tragedies in Missions isha, who has been representing in this country the American-Japanese Relations. Committee, will fill for the next two years the recently created chair of Japanese his- tory in the University of Hawaii.

*•• REv. ERNEST A. YARROW, formerly of Isn't this your opportunity to become Van. Turkey, is now managing director of familiar witil'rhe Sunday School ;(>….

the Near East Relief Association in Con- Times? A "Get-Acauainted" ",… ",0 stantinople. subscription-l 0 week~ for 25 0' 44 *** ov.· THE SUNDAY cents–will include the ear- DR. ABRAHAM KUYPER, eminent Dutch lier articles in this series. .>.,.o.,ao SCHOOL TIMES theologian, died on November 8, at the . t':i1~b°.:-'i~,;:,~a5ac;nts o~o. age of eighty-three. One of his works COMPANY was a monumental encydopedia of theol- School Times- ~6.""",e;; 1031 Walnut St., Pbila. ogy, which has been translated into Eng- and this re- <1"""- For the 25 cen t8 enclosed lish. markable please send The Sunday series? ….l ' School Times tor 10 weeks to *** 0""< … 0 · Name . • . . . • o.o •• o •••••••••••••••• 0 ••••• MRS. EMMA 1. UPCRAFT, Baptist missionary to China since 1879, died recently in Address . . . . . • . _•••••• 0 ••• 0 •••••••• 00.0.0 •• ' 0 ' Chengtu.

Please mention TmI JlIlUIIO,…..,.. II.aYDlf 01' no WOIILD In wrftInC to advertls….. HEADQUARTERS FOR The Mayflower Program Book. By Jeanette E. Perkins and Frances BRONZE TABLETS W. Danielson. 8vo. 229 pp. The Pilgrim Press, Boston. 1920. Including The Missionary History of Congrega- Memorials tionalism. 44 pp. National Council Honor-Rolls Congregational Churches, New York. Testimonials 1920.

and The Education of Girls in China. By Bronze Signs Ida Belle Lewis. 92 pp. Map. $1.60. Teachers' College, New York. 1919. of every description An Inquiry Into the Efficiency of Mis- sion Hospitals in China. 40 pp. Dia- Please describe what you have .grams. Medical Missionary Associa- in mind and We will quote price tion, Peking.

LIBERTY BRONZE 'WORKS The City of Rams. By Gertrude L. Bendelack. 128 pp. 3s. 6d. Church 96 Fifth Ave. (Dept. 39 A) New York Missionary Society, London, 1920.

MAKE PEOPLE Chance and Change in China. By A. S. SEE MISSIONS Roe. 283 pp. 12s. 6d. Heinemann, "IN-AS-MUCH" is the most striking London, 1920. and impressive thing that has been arranged for presenting Missions. It In Unknown China. By S. Pollard. is an episode with music and has an 324 pp. 25 s. Seeley, Service & Co., argument that cannot be successfullv London. combated. It is easy to render, very little being required in the way of Working Girls of China. By E. E. preparation. Requires about 30 min- Whimster. 64 pp. 1 s. United Counutes to present. cil for Missionary Education, Edin- burgh. 1920. 15 cents the copy; $1.50 the. dozen. The Leper Problem in India. 158 pp. "LOVEST THOU ME?" is Ii little Illus. 2 s. Orissa Mission Press, Cut- tack. 1920. wfferent in treatment yet it is equally Outline of Religious Literature of Inas good, and stresses Home and dia. By]. N. Farquhar. 451 pp. 18 s. Oxford Press. 1920. Foreign Missions. The songs are Inwa in Conflict. By P. N. F. Young. excellent and "plot" very interesting 153 pp. 3 s. 6 d. Society for the Pro- motion of Christian Knowledge, Lonto work out. . don.

20c each; $2.00 the dozen. Among the Ibos of Nigeria. By G. T. Basden. 316 pp. Seeley, Service & mE Don't lose the value Co., London. 1920. of the presentation HEIDELBERG of these charming The Bantu, Past and Present. By S. PRESS, numbe-rs-and the M. Molema. 398 pp. 25 s. W. Green, Publisher. for 1I;1'owth of YOUI' Edinburgh. 1920. oftering8w D18crimlnatol's, After Forty Years. Story of the First B. M. S. Embassy to the Congo. 15th and Race Sts., Maps. 2 s. 6 d. Carey Press, Lon- don. 1920. Philadelphia, Pa. Marvellous Mesopotamia. By Joseph T. Parfit. 259 pp. 6 s. Partridge, Lon- don. 1920.

The Rebuke of Islam. By W. H. T. Gardiner 248 pp. 3 s. U. C. M. E., London. 1920.

f With the Soldiers in Palestine and Syria. By J. P. Wilson. 115 P. 4 s. Society for the Promotion 0 Chris- tion Knowledge, London, 1920.

1"h~aae mcntion TU8 MIH'O.AAY RBvuw o. TH. -WORD iD writing to advertisers

other Slavic Countries

Jews Pleading for Preachers and Bibles Do you realize that there are over 250,000,000 precious souls in Russia and other Slavonic and Greek Catholic countries? .

Do you realize that there are about 9,000,000 Jews in these cOJlltries?

Do you realize that all these millions have not been given.:,~e Gospel of Jesua, Christ?

Do you realize that these multitudes are pleading for the Word«God 'lnd fer preachers to enlighten them?

Do you realize that 250,000,000 people hav.e fewer evangelical workers than New York City?

The Russian Bible and Evangelization Society has a good number of active workers on the field, preaching, teachi'1g and distributing Scriptures. But hundreds of additional laborers and millions of ropies of Scriptures must be furnished at ollee.

Our immediate need is over $200,000. This will help maintain our workers; train native preachers by founding Bible schools in different Slavonic countries; establish there with perfect safety a Bible Printing Plant that will give us an adequate supply of Scriptures several times cheaper than they can be pUrl-hased; provide places for worship, and give material aid to those who are in distress.

Demands from the field grow more urgent every day.

Do you want these millions to have the Gospel ?

Will you help IlS now? Our work depends on your co-operation-your prayers and gifts.

Our magazme, THE RUSSIAN HARVEST FIELD, gives stirring news-directly from these countries. Fifty cents a year. .

Contributions should be sent to the Treasurer, Col. E. N. Sanctuary, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

Address all communications to the General Secretary-Director, G. Pertelevitch Raud, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

RUSSIAN BIBLE AND EVANGELIZATION SOCIETY NON-SECTARIAN 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CEO. C. HOWES, President DAVID J. BURRELL. LL.D. G. PERTELEVITCH RAUD. HOWARD A. KELLY. M.D .. General Secretary~Director Vice.. Preaident Vice~President SIDNEY T. SMITH. Vice"Pres. Col. E. N. SANCTUARY. Tre••• lohn Willie Baer. LL.D., LITT.D. George W. Carter Don O. Shelton Alwyn BaLI. Jr. Ch.a.l'les E. Gremtne=ls Thomas E. -SteiJhens Cove C. Johnson, D.O. W. Leon Tucker Horace L. Day Harry D. Mitchell. D.O. Walter Waskom Mark A. Matthews. D,O., LL.D. Pau"I Rader Edgar W. Work. D.O.

Hon. S. P. Spencer, U. S. Semitor O"car Rix80n Dr. A. C. Gaebelein Please mention THE MISS]ONAllY R.JcYI~W O. Txt Woar.D in writinJ[ to advertiser.

Will

to Fill the Gap Dr. J. Wilbur Chapman and Mr.

Charles M. Alexander have been called to their Eternal Home, but their love for the Bible and their passion for Christ-like living and soul-winning will ever continue to be the only objective of the Pocket Testament League. Their work in connection with the Pocket Testa- ment League cannot, must not, be allowed to drop or languish. They are gone, but their departure, regrettable as it is to us all, must constitute an incentive to a more strenuous service and unflagging devotion, a more deeply rooted determination in the hearts ·of those into whose hands the direction of this work has fallen, with the results that the Pocket Testament League may attain a wider, more potllnt influence in the world than heretofore and under God bring about a great Bible revival throughout the whole habitable globe.

Multitudes are waiting for Spiritual Instruction and longing to know the way of Salvation Will You help to give them the Word of Life?

A Chapman-Alexander Memorial Fund is now being raised for this purpose. Such a fund will enable the Committee to answer the calls which are now pouring in from all parts of the world.

May We Count on You to co-operate with the League in this Forward Movement?

"It seems a safe statement to make that no other movement or plan since the general circulation of the Bible commenced, in the fourteenth century, has been so blessed of God for soul-winning and building of Christian character as has the Pocket Testament League."-Charles G. Trum- bull, Editor, Sunday School Times.

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The Missionary Review of the World — January 1921

XLIV NUMBER

THE MISSIONARY EVIEW, JANUARY, 1921 MISSIONS AND THE WORLD'S PEACE INTERNATIONAL CHRISTIAN PRINCIPLES W. H. P. Faunce THE SECRET OF PEACE FOR AFRICA W. H. Overs A LIBERATING FORCE IN TURKEY THE CURE FOR INDIA'S UNREST James L. Barton DEVELOPING CHARACTER IN CHINA W. L. Ferguson INTERPRETING CHRISTIANITY TO JAPAN A. L. Warnshuis THE CHRISTIAN SPIRIT IN KOREA A. J. Stirewalt CHRISTIAN INTERVENTION IN LATIN AMERICA O. R. Avison G. B. Winton PERSIA.··A CHALLENGE TO THE CHURCH E.T.ALLEN MORMONISM AND HOW TO MEET IT RODNEY W. ROUNDY MISSIONARY PROBLEMS IN SANTO DOMINGO SAMUEL GUY INMAN $2.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COPY MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY COOPERSTOWN, NEW _YORK 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK

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:: By careful and foresighted buying all through the war years 5 ~ § we have been able to keep our Household Linen prices an :: average of about 20% to 25% below current market prices. :: 55 Recent reductions in Belfast Manufacturers' prices therefore § 55 § only bring their prices to the level at which we have been § offering our goods for some time. .

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CONTENTS FOR JANUARY, 1921 Page FRONTISPIECE-BuRNING ot 'tHE CONVJ<;N'tION HALL A't TOKYO EDITORIAL COMMENT .•………••••••….•..••…•..•••.••….•………..

At'tER 'tHE WAR IN 'tHE FAR EAS't MISSIONS AND PEACE IN JAPAN EVANGELIZING 'tHE CHUDRAS OF INDIA AN OPPOR'tUNI'tY AMONG RUSSIAN SIGNIFICAN't CHANGES IN CHINA PRISONERS EDDY MEEtINGS IN THE N ~AR FACTORS IN ARABIA AND MESOPOTAMIA EAST AGRICULTURE AND CHRISTIANITY THE FEDERAL COUNCIL OF CHURCHES PERSIA, A CHALLENGE TO THE CHURCH ………… BY REv. E. T. ALLEN 12 The story of the tragedy of Christian missions in Persia, and the present responsibility of American Christians.

THE MORMONISM OF TODAy ……………… By REv. RODNEY W. ROUNDY 21 The present religious and political situation in M ormondom, and how the Church is endeavoring to meet it.

MISSIONS AND THE WORLD'S PEACE ·CHRIS'tIAN PRINCIPLES IN IN'tERNA'tIONAL RllLA'tIONS .. PRllS. W. H. P. FAUNCE 25 THE SECREt ot PEACE IN AmcA •………………….. BISHOP W. H. OVERS 29 A LIBERA'tING FORCE IN TURKEy ..•…………………….JAMES L. BAR'tON 31 THE CURE FOR INDIA'S UNREST………………..•….. REV. W. L. FERGUSON 34 DEVELOPING CHARACTER IN CHINA …………………. REV. A. L. WARNSHUIS 37 INTERPRETING CHRISTIANITY TO JAPAN ………………. REV. A. J. STIREWALT 39 SPREADING 'tHE CHR'S'tIAN SPIRI't IN KOREA ………….. 0. R. AVISON, M. D. 40 CHRIS'tIAN IN'tERVEM'ION IN LA't~N AMERICA ………….. REv. G. B. WINtoN 41 MISSIONARY PROBLEMS IN SANTO DOMINGO ……BY Rllv. S. G. INMAN' 43 THE WORLD'S SUNDAY SCHOOL CONVENTION ….BY FRANK L. BROWN 53 HOW TO HAVE SUCCESSFUL CONVENTIONS …… BY MRS. E. C. CRONK 56 THE WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN EDI'tED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 64 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS…………. ……………………………… 68 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARy ……………………………•..•……••.•• 79 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1920, by Missionary ReView Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Cooperstown, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

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Copyrighted, 1921 "Behold, There Came Wise Men -and when they Were come into the house, they saW the young child with Mary his mother, and fell down, and worshipped him: and when they had opened their treasures, they presented u~to him gifts; gold, and frankincense, and myrrh."

Thus at the first Christmas, started the custom of gift giving. Have you not the same opportunity for laying gifts at dur Savior's feet now as had the Wise Men? What greater gift could we present than being instrumental in bringing one or more Jews (God's chosen people) into Christian life and service?

Bishop Burch, President of this interdenominational Society, writes; "For seven years The Society has been seeking to reach the Jewish pl;:pple through the printed page. The Hebrew race is conspicuous for its love of reading; and the leaflet kindly tendered is sure of a tolerant reception where the spoken word often arouses antagonism.

"The Society is blessed in having Mr. B. A. M. Schapiro as our Managing Director. He is a Hebrew who has given his life to the carryIng of Christianity to his race. He loves his people and writes to them with apostolic zeal. His knowledge of Hebrew, Yiddish, and of the Talmud and Jewish Traditions affords him a wide field of thought. His spiritual insight is keen and his devotion to our Lord Jesus has been tried in the fires."

The great question is an adequate supply of this valuable literature for the increasing demands made upon the society by missionary boards and individual workers. Will you help? Your prayers and financial aid are needed now.

The Society will gladly send FREE "the following tracts which, while convincing to the Jews, strengthen and illuminate the Christian. These tracts are classics.

I-The Aim of the Society with 2-Sacrifices, their Origin portrait of Mr. Schapiro. and Significance.

3-Jesus and His Kinsmen. 4-Saul, the Pharisee, and Paul, the Christian.

5-The Mission of Israel.

Also a copy of~the organ of the Society, "The People, the Land, and the Book." 372X6 inches of 96 pages. Write at once, even if you cannot aid financially, and secure these valuable publications at once.

THE HEBREW CHRISTIAN PUBLICATION SOCIETY. Inc.

Dept. P, 83 Bible House, New York City Our supply o/literature may not last-write, there/ore, today P l _ mODtion 'fBI! M,SS,ONARY RntJlW OJ ~H. WORLD in writill£ to ad..ortboo..

CONVENTION CHORUS REHEARSING IN THE

This picture was taken a few minutes before the £re started in the electric sign "1 am the Light of the World," which hung above the platform at the rear.

THE BURNING OF THE SUNDAY SCHOOL CONVENTION HALL This picture was taken from the Railway Hotel just after the fire started. The buiIdini W.a8 in ashes in twenty minutes.

Scenes at the W'Orld's Sund~y School Convention

JANUARY, 1921

XLIV ONE AFTER THE WAR IN THE FAR EAST T HE effect of the War on missions in Asia cannot be told in a . paragraph or in a volume. Like the effect of Christian mis- sions it must be shown in the decades to come. A recent volume by Rev. A. .J. Macdonald on "The War and Missions in the East" studies particularly the situation in India, Japan and China. Thewar no doubt stimulated the demand for self-government in India. At the same time, the Hindus, Parsis, J ains ,and Moslems each feal," the aggressiveness of the opposing- sects and social classes. In the midst of this perplexing turmoil the Christian Indians are in a difficult position, as they desire India's independence but are not in favor of any of the schemes proposed by their fellow-countrymen. Under a progressive government in India education must be extended, but the place of religion in education is a subject for dispute. Mis~ion schools may be unable to continue in case the government finds some means for promoting universal education on nonsectarian lines. In.Japan the secularization of education is progressing, but the effect on the morals of the students is disastrous. All can see that the youth need moral restraints and ethical ideals, though they may not realize the need for God in their lives. In all of those countries, as they progress in modern civilization, we must expect the Christian missionary to lay less stress on. general educational and philanthropic work, and more on evangelism and the spiritual training of leaders. .

In China the turmoil seems to have been increased by the war, ",ithout strengthening the sense of national unity. Ambitious plans have been drawn up for national education and material progress, but since China has not the money to carry out these plans, the country must depend largely upon foreigners. This gives missionary forces a great opportunity in education to train the coming generation, and in medicine to show the practical value of phil- 1

anthropy. Missionaries in China are increasingly welcome land are wielding a mighty influence for good. .

SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN CHINA O NE effect of the world war has been to awaken the Chinese to a clearer understanding of the fact that no nation can live unto itself. They have seen the futility of man-made schemes to exercise dominion without regard to human relationships. They have measured themselves by the standards of true national great- ness and have found themselves wanting. They also discriminate more accurately than ever before ,between the moral standards of different nations.

The leaders of the people are becoming more and more restive under the autocratic sway of the military governors of the provinces and the days of the military despotism seem to be numbered. Leaders in China believe that a new government will be established under which there will be a rapid development of China's resources. Means of communication will be perfected throughout the whole country. The land at large will feel the throb of Western civiliza- tion. The question arises-will the Church keep pace with these new opportunities T The history of America's political and social relations with China afford a fine basis for the tmltivation of a closer friendship in years to come. China looks to America for a manifestation of that same spirit of sympathy and goodwill which has always characterized the United States in her dealings with her sister repUblic. She also expects the United. States to use her influence to check any nation that may look upon China with covetous eyes.

Changes are taking place in the thought and customs of the Chinese. Some of these are of evil, as for example, the growing commercialism .and materialism, the increase of the cigarette habit and the introduction of western mixed dances in the Chinese 44 smart set. " On the other hand there is an increasing number of influential men who are connecting themselves with the churches and enrolling themselves in Bible classes.. Even at Chinese feasts, where missionaries are present, God's blessing is invoked more frequently. The adoption of occidental methods of education is producing good results. The growing spirit of reform may be traced, directly and indirectly,to the influence of Protestant missions, particularly along medical and educational lines. The missionary's message of goodwill and love, emphasized by deeds of loving kindness and tender mercy, has broken down prejudice and opened the way for all kinds of reforms that have bettered the temporal condition of the people. Medical work has been a great factor in breaking down barriers and in winning favor with all grades of society. An unparalleled oppor-

EDITORIAL COMMENT

tunity for missionary advance in China is presented to the Church of Christ. A spirit of inquiry is pervading the thinking circles of the population, and "free thought" and agnosticism are striving for the mastery, but there is an urgent demand for the "eternal Gospel," which is "the power of God unto salvation."

MISSIONS AND PEACE IN JAPAN I NTERNATIONAL relations and national problems cannot but affect, at least indirectly, the work of Christian missions in non- Christian lands. True missionaries are not in any sense political agents and seek to avoid becoming entangled in political contro- versies. They cannot, however, keep from feeling a deep interest in whatever affects the moral and spiritual welfare of the peoples whom they seek to help, and cannot escape the results of political unrest. The native Church at times becomes involved because some high principle is involved in domestic or international discussions. Thus the Armenians in the Protestant missions in Turkey could_ not suffer persecution in silence; the AlSsyrian Christians in Persia have suffered martyrdom and spoliation; the Christians in India and Egypt are interested in securing self-government and the Protestants of China were in the forefront of the movement to establish the Republic.

In Japan and Korea, the Christians are in a minority, but they are influential. The Korean Independence Movement has naturnlly involved most of the Christians and the whole question of Japanese Rovereignty has affected the mission churches and schools. Tn Japan itself, the Japanese question in California has influenced t}j(~ feeling of the people toward American missionaries and their religion. The pride of the Japanese is touched and an opportunity is given to the enemies of Christ to argue that patriotism is incompatible with Christianity as a foreign religion. It must be acknowledged that the Japanese have just ground for asking that their people be treated ae considerately in America as European nations are treated.

On the other hand, the influence of Christian teachings is being felt more and more in Japanese national and international affairs. The younger generation is casting aside old ideas, both material and religious,and is looking for new truth and new methods. Buddhism does not satisfy and Shinto embodies more the spirit of patriotism than the religion of worship and service. The Christians are becoming more and more prominent in public affairs and many are Christians by conviction who have not yet taken a stand openly. It is estimated that there are a million or more Christians in Japan -including secret disciples and adherents. This is especially enl'ollraging in view of the national and international problems that Japan is facing today.

The Federation of Churches in Japan ihas recently passed

resolutions which <lall for just and moderate treatment of Korea by the Japanese government, express a hope that the League of Nations will be established on a satisfactory working basis, and in favor of other steps that will promote and insure international peace. They also exp1:ess the desire and the determination to help make J Bpan "a leader in the civilization of the Orient, a defender of international justice, a nation looking toward world enlightenment and contributing to the realization of the Kingdom of God." The Federation voted disapproval of many of th~ Japanese policies and methods in Korea. Regret is expressed for the anti-Japanese feeling in China and while mistakes and injustice to the Chinese is acknowledged, the Federation declares a firm belief that Tsingtau will be returned as promised; and hopes that friendly relations and mutual understanding will be promoted. The Japanese Christians also deny that Japan is a militaristic nation, since the people as a whole desire only peace and friendly relationship with other nationfl.

The missionaries of Christ are without doubt the greatest peacemakers in the world, but they exercise .their influence by. prodaiming the only true basis of lasting peace-namely, a right relationship to God and His laws. While the readjustment may, for a time, bring not peace but a sword, such an upheaval is necessary in order that evil may be uprooted and righteousness may be established. ~hat this is not an easy task, quickly completed, is proved by the presfmt unrest in Europe and America.

FACTORS IN ARABIA AND MESOPOTAMIA T HE British mandate for Mesopotamia has not solved the problem of peace in the valley of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The British are promoting plans for a righteous government and for the development of material resources, but the Arabs and other natives are not satisfied to be under the control of a foreign power, however enlightened and beneficent. The situation is critical and has led the British to send military reinforcements at great cost. Tribal bands are infesting the country, cutting railway communications and threatening small garrisons. There are reports that the new British High Commissioner, Sir Percy Cox., has been authorized to form an "independent state to be governed according to the wishes of the people." The garrisoning of the country with Indian troops il;l, however, a predicted source of trouble since the Arabs look upon the Hindus as an inferior people and incapable of controlling Mesopotamia. One of the British Christian mission stations is in the center of the disturbed area 'and Basra (Busrah) an American mission station is in the southeastern corner, near the Persian Gulf. In Arabia the two principle factors are the "Ichwan"~a fanatical Moslem sect, and the British Government. The first factor is It powerful opponent of Christianity' and if the

EDITORIAL COMMENT

work of missionaries seems to be potent enough to cause any disturbance the Britis.h Government is apt to put further obstacles in .the way of evangelization. "The British Suzerainty brings with it many things that are very. excellent," writes a correspondent, "but it often brings officials who have little orno sympathy with the real aims of Christian missionary work. They are charged with the duty of preserving the peace at all costs, and as a result often hinder the Gospel of Peace." All of this is but another proof of Christ's teaching that the Kingdom of God and th~ Kingdom of Man are not identical. God is able to overcome all obstacles, and he is overcoming them by the power of His Spirit.

Special prayer is asked for the work and the workers in Arabia Rlld Mesopotamia: (1) For the government, that it may be truly Christian; that it recognize the enlightening, elevating influence of missionary effort, and encourage its development.

For the missionaries, that they may be Christlike in their life. That with wisdom and spiritual power they may unceasingly present the message. That they may be given strength and vigor of mind and body sufficient for their daily need.

For the native helpers, that they may be one with us in high ideals, blameless living, and consecrated service.

For enquirers and converts, that they may patiently endure persecution, faithfully witness to the truth in word and life, and seek to lead otllcrs to Christ.

For the people, that they may see their great sinfulness,' and that only Christ can save them. That those who read the Gospel, and those who repeatedly hear it, may accppt Him as their personal Savionr.

EVANGELIZING THE OHUHRAS OF INDIA I s THE ROPE of India in the higher or in the lower castes? It is in neither-but in Christ. The high caste Brahmans may, if converted, furnish wonderful teachers, as Saul, the high caste Pharisee, became Paul the outstanding Apostle; or the low C[lstes and outcastes, like the common people of Galilee may hear Jesus gladly and may in .India become a part. of the "body" of Christ to carry on His work in the world.

One of the encouraging signs in India is the continued' Ohris- tian movement among the lower castes. Missionaries now report . hopeful prospects of evangelizing the entire Ohuhra caste in the Punjab. Within the past twelve years 4,000 Ohuhras have been baptized in Narowal mission and about the same number in Jhang Bar Mission. In some districts, notably Sialkot, scarcely any non- Christian Ohuhras remain. The Missions actively at work among them include the Presbyterians, United Presbyterians, Methodists

and Baptists of America, the Church Missionary Society, the Church of England Zenana Missionary Society and the Scotch Presbyterians.

Few Chuhras have any knowledge of the history of their tribe, and as they have practically no literature and even their leaders are ignorant men, it is difficult to learn anything of their origin. One of their claims is that they were originally Brahmans, degraded to the caste of scavengers and pro¢sed restoration in the fourth era. According to Hindu reckoning the present era is the fourth, and the Chuhras say that the movement toward Christianity is the beginning of this restoration. They are very poor, and even if allowed to own land-which they are not-few of them could afford to become land-owners. In the twenty villages allotted to the Christian Chuhras of the various missions, the people have become self-respecting and self-supporting members of society.

THE EDDY MEETINGS IN THE NEAR EAST D R. GEORGE Sherwood Eddy has recently returned from holding meetings in various centers in Egypt, in Beirut, Syria, . in Smyrna and in Constantinople. Careful preparation was made by missionaries in each center and the work was followed up by interviews, addresses and special classes. The audiences that greeted the speaker taxed to their capacity the largest halls available. Dr. Eddy spoke for the most part to students, and dwelt on the need of purity and honesty; and the only way to secure these virtues through allegiance to Jesus Christ.

Many Moslems as well as students of various Oriental Christian sects were eager listeners to these addresses and expressed a purpose to accept and follow Jesus Christ as Saviour and Lord. Letters to Dr. Eddy expressed this purpose and asked for his prayers. Rev. ,James L. Quay, of Cairo, writes of the Egypt meetings: In old Mohammedan Cairo thev came bv the thousands. Bv the time the hour arrived * to open the doors th~ street ,';as packed. Ve rented one of the largest theaters in Cairo, with a capacity of almost 2,000, and when the first meeting began every seat was filled, the doors were locked and the policemen were trying to get rid of the crowd in the street who could not get in. This was God's answer to our faltering faith. Ve had been afraid the crowd would not come. To quiet our fears we had issued more admission tickets than there were seats, in the • hope that we might get a crowd. Now it seemed as though every ticket had turned up, and the street was filled with men and women holding up their tickets and wanting to know why, since they held tickets, they could not get in.

"Ve rented a nearby theater, held an overflow meeting and sent the strongest missionary speaker we had to give them his best. But the crowd was not satisfied. Thev w~nted to hear Eddv. the man from America. Then we sent the women to the ;maller theater-six 0; ~ight hundred of them, Coptic women, l1oslem women, * Similar report!:' come from Alexandria, ~l'anta, As~iut. Beirut, ~.nd Constantinople.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

members of our Evangelical Church, Bible women, poor women and rich women from some of the secluded harems of the city. Dr. Eddy spoke to them first for a half hour. Then another speaker addressed them while Dr. Eddy' hurried across to the big theater where 2,000 young men of Egypt of all faiths and of no faith werl! waiting eagerly to hear him. He talked to them for an hour, telling them in'the plainest language of sin and its consequences. We had been forbidden by the Government to make a direct appeal for the conversion of Moslems in the theater, 10 at the close of his talk Dr. Eddy announced an after meeting in the American Mission building two blocks away for all who desired power to live a life of honesty and purity.

"They came. In fifteen minutes the big auditorium, seating over 600, was full, the choir loft was full, and those who had no seats lined up at the back of the ~oom. There they sat for another hour and listened to the Gospel message in plainer language yet. Without argument, and without saying anything derogatory to Mohammedanism, he told them that he had found the way to victory through Christ.

"In the after meetings on the last three evenings cards were distributed in both the men's and women's meetings. Over a thousand cards were turned in, and almost half of them were expressions of the deepest longings of sin-side souls for healing and light. They were signed by Moslem, Copt and evangelical Christian alike. Most of them read like this: "Where is God? Tell me how I can find Him." "How can I get victory over sins of impurity?" "Who is Jesus Christ, and what do you mean when you say He is divine?" "Tell me how I can get peace in my heart." "How can I overcome sin in my life?"

AN OPPORTUNITY AMONG RUSSIAN PRISONERS F EW people in America have any real understanding' as to the seriousness of the situation in Europe, not only politically and economically but morally and spiritually. Daily newspapers describe the horrors of Armenian massacres, the sufferings of Austrian and Serbian children,' the devastation of Belgium, the poverty and unrest in Germany and the chaos in Russia.

The present distress is not only due to the deaths, devastation and debts resulting from the war, but in part because scores of thousands of war prisoners have not yet returned home. Hundreds of thousands of Russian men who were sent to the battlefield like cattle for slaughter were either mowed down or were taken as war prisoners. The horrors of captivity for many of these prisoners in Germany and Austria can never be described.

A well known Christian worker writes that there are still 200,000 Russian war prisoners in Germany in camps, and 50,000 living free in the country. Their stay may be indefinite on account of disorganization of means of transportation. The trials of separation from loved ones and the deprivations endured in an impoverished land add to the sorrows of these prisoners. But there is a phase of the life which comes always to the front when one knows them, namely: their religious life.

Before the United States entered the war, "The Gospel Committee for Work among War Prisoners," of New York,was able to do a great work among them through Rev. J. G. Lehman of Kassel Tract Society. The war put a stop to sending the literature, but

the seed·grew. Today, there are camps for Russian war prisoners in Germany, and in every one of them is a group of Christian "believers." In some places there are varying numbers from small groups to large, fully organized churches with pastors and other officers. The conversations are real, for nothing less than real true fellowship with Christ can satisfy, and nothing less can withstand the hardships. The latest reports say that in nearly every camp Gospel services are conducted by those already converted. They preach Christ and Him crucified to audiences ranging from a small number to hundreds and even a thousand who fill the halls at other points. In these services there is no oratory, no form, no unnatural order, but what an atmosphere!

A few of these war prisoners had been converted in Russia before the war and had some knowledge of the Scriptures, but the others are new converts. Most of them will become Christian workers when they return to Russia, and Russian Christians have resolved to give some of these workers a thorough knowledge of the Bible, and to prepare them for better Gospel work when they reach their home land. One leader of work already established is Rev. W. L. Jack, who had a full course in philo~ophy in Berlin University and theology in Halle. For several years he was a missionary worker in Russia as President of the only Protestant Training College in Russia. He is a spiritual, consecrated and thoroughly orthodox Christian worker.· Two other very competent Bible teachers are Messrs. Svensson and Hogberg of Sweden, for twenty-five years missionaries in Russia. These experienced workers began a series of short Bible courses for Russian brethren in camp after camp. Their conviction, based on experience, is that Russians should preach the Gospel to Russians. They give Bible courses, or hold conferences for workers and prospective workers, of whom there are sometimes twenty, and sometimes sixty or seventy in one camp. Recently, a united four weeks course was conducted aIp.ong a group of sixty Christian men near Kassel. "It is impossible to express how thankful the Russians are for this service in Bible courses, and how intensely they listen!" writes Mr. Jack. The future will reveal more fully what this training under such a leadership will mean. There is one hindrance .on every side ~the lack of funds. The Gospel Committee for Work among War Prisoners has resolved .to help these brethren, and also to strengthen the hands of the Kassel workers who are doing chiefly evangelistic and organizing work in the camps. There are 20,000 Russian war prisoners in France, and among these no Gospel work has been done. There are many in different parts of the former Austrian Empire, but no dependable information has as yet been received.

There are great plans before the C?mmittee, and action will be

EDITORIAL COMMENT

taken according to the generosity of God's stewards. Besides this, the most urgent prayers are asked for the spiritual strengthening and establishing of those Russian brethren, so recently trained, when they shall go back to their most distressed and needy country.

"S AGRICULTURE AND CHRISTIANITY PIRITUALITY cannot long survive without some form of in- carnation." The reverse is also true-lithe body withou,t the spirit is dead." Some advocates of humanitarian work in the form of social service have the erroneous idea that the Christian ministers and missionaries who are working for the eternal salvation of men's souls are indifferent to their physical welfare. That th.i!; is far from true is proved from missionary history. The Bible, on which all true missionary work is based, emphasizes the duty of feeding hungry bodies as clearly as it teaches the prime importance of the saving of souls. Jesus Christ came into the world primarily "to save His people from their sin," but a large part of His time and strength were devoted to ministering to men's physical necessities.

The modern missionaries went out to preach the Gospel, but when they saw men, women and chiJdren naked, poor and hungry they did their utmost to supply their needs and to introduce correGtive measur.es. William Carey went to India and devoted himself largely to Christian education and translation, but he had the second finest botanical garden in India, established for the benefit of an agricultural people. John L. Nevius of China was first of all an evangelist but he was foremost in famine relief and introduced western fruit culture into Shantung. Other missionaries, like Livingstone, Moffat and Mackay of Africa, who were spiritual forces, showed the deepest concern for the physical needs of the people whose souls they were seeking to save. Physical and intellectual upbuilding go hand in hand with spiritual growth in the development of Godlike men.

But while industrial, medical and agricultural betterment have always had a place in the program for the evangelization of the world, there has been, until recently, little systematic trainirig of agr.icultural leaders in missionary work. Today, however, with the development of such work as the Agricultural Institute- of Allahabad, India, and the similar efforts in China, Africa, Macedonia and South America, this department of the missionary's work: demands more attention. It is about as difficult to develop 8. selfsupporting church of paupers as it is to produce a strong civilized community of those who are spiritually dead.

As Ii result of this increasing interest in the rural community at homfl and agricultural missions abroad an "Interdenominational Association of Agricultural Missions" was organized in New·York:

on January 19, 1920. The President is Dr. Warren H. Wilson, author of "The Church and Country Life"; the Secretary is Prof. Sam Higginbottom of India and the Treasurer Mr. W. Henry Grant of Canton Christian College. There are eight vice-Presidents.

Under the auspices of this Association an important conference was held in New York City on December 7th, at which the value of agricultural education to evangelization was clearly brought out. Remember that India is a land of villages whose people are for the most part small farmers-but are not land owners. In China 93% of the pupils in mission schools and '75 % of the Christians come from the country districts, yet mission work is planned on a city program. In the schools the pupils weaned from the farm are sent back unfitted for farm life. Christianity should fit men and women to live suocessfully in their own environment.

THE FEDERAL COUNCIL OF CHURCHES P ROBABLY the most important meeting of the Federal Coun- cil of the Churches of Christ in America that has yet been held was the quadrennial gathering in Boston, December 1st to 6th. There were present nearly five hundred representatives of over twenty million Protestant Christians in America. These undertook to outline a constructive program for co-operation among the evangelical Christian forces of the United States. Since the disintegratioll of the Interchurch Movement it seems to many of particular importance that something adequate should be done to preserve what was good in the Movement and to enable American churches to present a united front in the conflict with the evil forces at work in the world today. It is a tremendous task that cannot be successfully completed by divided forces. The Spirit of God must lead and empower, but men will be drawn to work harmoniously together in proportion as they are united under His leadership.

The most important report was that of the committee on "Methods of Cooperation." This report called attention to the need for a better understanding between Christians and a closer fellowshiIl, without weakening denominational convictions or responsibilities. The readiness of hundreds of thousands of people to join in the Interchurch World Movement showed a desire for spiritual unity and more effective cooperation. There seems to be a need for the closer alignment of interdenominational agencies in the interests of efficiency and economy. This service the Federal Council seems to be in a position to render if there is found a workable plan for cooperation with other interdenominational agencies.

The forms of service recommended are (1) to provide points of contact between denominations; (2) to study the program of cooperative tasks; (3) To voice the united conviction of the churches; (4) to serve as a clearing house 0-1' infol'mation; (5) to furnish an

EDITORIAL COMMENT

organ of publicity; (6) to function in cooper.ative tasks for which there is no other provision.

The work of the Federal Council has thus far been done through various Commissions working in conjunction with the representatives of the Foreign Missions Conference and the Home Missions Council. FOr the coming quadrennium the committee on Methode asked for a more clearly defined scope of progressive action for the Council, a more adequate staff and a budget of $300,000 a year from the cooperating denominations. The officers of the Council expressed their readiness to make necessary changes in its organization in order to render better service and to bring it into closer" relationship with such interdenominational agencies as the Foreign Missions Conference, the Home Missions Council, the similar Women'!,; organizations, the Sunday School Council of Evangelical Churches and the Council of Church Boards of Education. Their aim will be to secure unity and to avoid duplication and waste of effort.

Recommendations were finally adopted with a view to the <larrying out of the methods of cooperation suggested by the special committee; the strengthening of interdenominational relationships; the enlarging of the secretarial staff; the providing of $300,000 a year; closer cooperation between the Council and interboard agencies; the necessary readjustment of the organization of the Council; the revision of the by-laws and a fuller expression of the spirit of Christian fellowship, service and cooperation. A meeting of representatives of the above mentioned interdenominational agencies was held on December 13th, to consider a plan of co-operation to be presented in January to the Fo:z:eign Missions Conference" and the Home Missions Council for their action.

The effective carrying out of this program will depend on the character of the leadership and on the willingness of the various denominations to supply the funds required. The cause of Home and Foreign Missions is great enough and important enough to call for closer relationship between existing interdenominational missionary agencies.

FAMINE IN NORTH CHINA The present famine in North China is one of the gravest catastrophes the world has ever known. The midsummer rains utterly failed, and 25,000,000 people face starvation. The region involved extends from Paotingfu beyond the Yellow Mountains in" Honan. and from the Grand Canal in Shantung to the mountains of Shansi; a territory of from five to six hundred miles in length, and nearly two hundred miles in width. Help is needed immediately.

RF;FUGF;J!;S SF;J!;KING IlISSIO!:iARY HJ!;LP

A ChaJlenge to the

BY REV. E. T. ALLEN Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., in Persia.

In ages long gone by Persia was a name to conjure with: to-day its mention wrings one's heart with sorrow. The land and the people lla,'e a glorious past, of which any nation might be proud. It was Cyrus, the Persian, who conquered the proud Babylonians, re-patriating and re-habilitating the exiled Je'ws; it was Darius, the Persian, who destroyed forever the militaristic power of the boastful As- Ryrians. Xerxes, the Persian, threatened tlle growing western civilizafon and caused the Greeks under Alexander to rise to its defense. The Sassanian kings ruled well from the Indus in the east to the Nile in the west, and from the snows of the mountains of the Golden Fleece in' the north to the warm waters of the Indian sea in the south.

Though P(lrsia maintaiued herself nobly before the Greeks, the Romans, and the Barbarians that threatened her from the north, she fell woundf'd before the hordes of fanatical Arabs of the seventh c(,lItnry, 'with their battle cry "For God and the Prophet." The Arabs overran the whole land, bringing all under the sway of the sword of Islam. Then followed a thousand years of destructive rule under such monsters as Muavia, the hybrid Arab, Mutassim Billah, the miser Khalif, and the Mongul fiends headed by Ghenghis Khan, Hulaghu and Tamerlane. From these years of misgovernment Persia has never recovered. The strong men who occasionally came to the throne were strong in destroying rather than in building the Empire. Since the coming of Islam to Persia there has been a steady decline in all that is good until now the old land that boasted heroes from the days of Nimrod, "The mighty hunter before the Lord" lies broken and desolate, her best blood drained by the sword, her physical manhood 'sapped by the licentiousness of Islam, her high moral ideals {)utraged by the immorality of her conquerors and her mental vigor dried up by inactivity. She who once had an army whose tread shook the world now cowers behind a few shabby soldiers with antiquated weapons and overdue salaries. The people that once had a glorious literature, now has no poet. Once Persia was the leader in astronomy; now she has no star. With large cotton growing areas she is naked; with richly productive land she is hungry; with God-given coal in her hills, she shivers with cold: with abundance of oil, she has 13

no light; with mountains of minerals, she has no mines and with eight- . een hundred miles of sea coast she has neither ships nor sailors, fish- eries nor navy. The ancient song of JEschylus, the Greelr, that was sung after the defeat of the Persians at Salamis 430 years before the Christ, is true now as it was then- "Voe to the towns through Asia's peopled realm Woe to the land of Persia, once the post Of boundless wealth! How is thy glorious state Vanished at once and all thy spreading honors Fallen! Lost! Ah me! . Unhappy is his task That bears unhappy tidings; but constraint Compels me to relate this tale of woe. Persians, the whole barbaric host is fallen!

o Horror, Horror! What a baleful train Of recent ills! Ah ! Persians. as he speaks Of ruin, let your tears stream to the earth. It is even so, all ruin; and myself Beheld the ruin which my tongue would utter."

Battered and broken politically, poor and hungry physically, lost and undone morally; dominated by a false and foreign religion not loved by the people, her ancient territories given to her enemies, her present possessions held as a pawn upon the chess board of politics, Persia maintains her political identity and nominally her independence. In the twenty-five hundred years since lIDschylus sang of her destruction, while other peoples have been born, risen to power, ruled over the world, and disappeared; Persia, the unperishable, continues to live, having survived her enemies. This people, virile, with an intellectual capacity second to none,. organizing power tested and proved, and executive ability, is kept from filling a larger place in the world only through lack of education and the distrust of stronger nations.

Persia stands before the ,yorld today as a great question mark. During, the war the eyes of the Germans, the Turks, the Russians, the British and the French were upon Persia and their emissaries were busy trying to win her decision in tlwir favor. She remained officially neutral. As the connecting link between the east and the west, and with characteristics of both, Persia can associate with both with freedom and equality. 1Yhat will this people. do and where will they cast their lot1 Some politicians and diplomats would make Persia the geographical back fence between the east and west. In reality she is the bridge over which the nations have had their intercourse since the days of Adam. Persia is the highway of the world. All nations have fought for the possession of her strategic position. But down through the ages her mountains and her valleys, her plains and her deserts have swallowed up the intruding armies while Persia remains today the aim of the Russian Bolshiviki and the desire of the British.

PERSIA, A CHALLENGE TO THE CHURCH

A PART OF THE URUMIA MISSION WORK DESTROYED BY THE KURDS This group of students, taken ;n the Avenue in front of Fisk Seminary, Urumia, shows the flourishing work of the American Presbyterian Mission ill Persia that has now been shattered, at least temporarily As Persia stands as a question mark before the political world, so does she stand before the Church of Christ. Vhat will Persia do with the Church and what will Christianity do with Persia r The ex- periences of the Church in this land have not been altogether pleasant. Soon after the Cross stood on Calvarv missionaries of Christ found their way to the east. If the wise lri'en did not come from Persia, tradition insists that one of them returned to Persia, to the citv of Urumia and there founded and built a church where he lies bu~ied. It is generally believed the Apostle Thomas visited Persia on his way

to India. Whatever these traditions may iNdicate it is well known that the Gospel took a strong hold on certain portions of the land long before Mohammed was born. Nestorian missionaries established churches and later vied with Mohammedan missionaries for the convE'rslon of Ghenghis Khan (who had a Ohristian woman to wife) and other Tartars or Monguls. Bishops and Archbishops lived in the land; churches and schools were in every city, and Christians 'were numerous. At times Persian kings have married Ohristian women and periods of clf'mency followed when the Church went forward with truly missionary zeal. The early efforts to bring Persia to Christ were brought to an ('lid under the persecutions by the Monguls, whirh stripp(>d the land of churchC's and schools, of teachers and pupils, of priests and people, and Persia again stood a challenge to the Church.

:1.[odern: missionary effort took up this challenge about ninety years ago~ when tIle American Board sent its first missionaries to succor and eruiglItE'n the remnants of the old Nestorian Church which remained hidden and forgotten in the mountains of Kurdistan during all tIle centuries.

The mission ,,'as located in Urumia, in the province of Adzer. baijan. This was the center of the Nestorian population of P<>rsian territory, auf! ncar to the tribes' of the same faith in the mountains of Kurdistan. Here a strong evangelical church was built up among this old people cla:ming descC'nt from the ancient Assyrians.

A system of village mission schools fed the two large Christian academics for boys and girls and the acad(!ITues became the center for hig-hpr educatiou alld for the twining of Christian workers. Normal clnssc8 provideu h'achers for the schools; Bible training classes raisC<.l up Bible readers and visitors; and the theological department traimll pastors ancI evangelists. Men and women workers went out to all pnrtH of Persia as teachers, evangelists, colporteurs and Bible wome11.

'1'l:e first hospital of any kind in Persia was located in Urumia, with Dr. Cochran, of sainted memory, in charge. Here the sick were h('alcd, the blind saw, the lame walked and the poor had the gospel prenehed to them. Prejudices were removed, opposition was oroken down, and a name was made for western medical science and Ohristian kindness. In the medical department of the school physicia'ls and nurses were trained and went out to practice in distant parts of the land. They extended the influence of the gospel and won Ulflny friends to the cause. A printing establishment was opened and. did sixty years of service, printing and scattering not less than eighty million pages of Bibles, hymn books and other Christian literature. The influence of the press extended not only into the churches, schools, homes, hospitals and among the general public, but even into the tea houses and opium dens and many other places closed to the missionary.

Out of this .first venture grew many other stations in Persia. From the neighborhood of Mount Ararat in the northwest corner, to Meshed, the Sacred Shiah shrine in the northeast corner1 bordering on Afghanistan, eight of the important cities are occupied by missionaries of the American Presbyterian Church, with schools and hospitals and evangelists in order to fulfil our Master's command to disciple all nations.

When the war began its dead- ly work these stations were in a flourishing condition and hope ran high that soon there would come a new day to Persia when she would come into her inheritance in Christ. The schools were full, the hospitals were freely used by all classes, women were breaking with the old customs of secrecy and slavery, evangelists freely traveled here and there and were greeted with cordial welcome from all sides. Splendid opportunities brought great hopes and at times it looked as though this ancient land would come to God and that Jesus Christ would be master of the hearts of the people of Persia.

But the Church in Persia was destined to suffer, for the war aealt woefully with all who fol- lowed the Christ. Political, relig- ious ana national confusion reign- ed and moral restraints were re- moved. The smouldering hatred of Islam for the Christian was fanned into a flame and burned furiously. National and personal animosities found vent and knew A PROTESTANT PIU;ACHER IN PERSIA no restraint. The result was that Rev. Shimmon Culia of Urumia–:a Preacher to old friendships were forgotten W 11'11e Id remembered,' JeW5 and Mohammedans for SIxty yeaTS scores were 0 and there arose a widespread determination to tolerate no longer the Christian advance.

Urumia, being close to the Turkish border. soon fell under the the heel of the Turk and of the marauding Kurdish tribes. The result is desolation. Nothing is left to show the fruits of those eighty years of service save scattered ruins of hospitals, schools, press and mis-

sion homes, and the remnants of a broken hearted people. Not a missionary is left in that district, not a Christian village, not a Christian home, not a Christian school, not a Christian save a miserable remnant of women, girls and small boys held captive still in the harems of Turks, Persians and Kurds. A remnant has also escaped to the British refugee camps in Mesopotamia where they await the long deferred repatriation to their destroyed homes. In no other part of the land did the Christians meet with so complete destruction yet in all parts they were in extreme danger, often robbed or fined or killed. This is the result where Islam attains power over Christians.

THE CHALLENGE TO THE CHURCH Can this land that heard the Gospel as early as the first century and for two thousand years re- fused to accept Christ still be won in the twentieth century, or has she sinned away her day of grace?

1/ Christians have pointed with pride to the early missionaries waiting ,…,- decades, with unwavering faith L for their first converts; we have gloried in the challenge of can- nibalisll1; we have never doubted before the cast iron caste system of India, nor has faith faltered before the sleeping giant of China.

"¥e have seen all kinds of obstacles and opposition slowly give way befor.e the power of the watchful, waiting Christ. What shall we say of Persia, the procrastinator, A RESCUED PERSIAN GIRL Persia that for nineteen centuries After a year in the orphanage waits? Can the faith of the . Church endure against the strong opposition, the deep bigotry, the fiery fanaticism of Islam in Persia!

Can the faith of the Church outlast these and win in the end ¥ We believe that even these must give way before the power of the conquerIng Christ. Faith must not falter when waiting, but 'work'

patiently to the winning.

Paul said" Love suffereth long" but there were no Mohamme-

PERSIA, A CH ,-LLENGE TO THE CHURCH

dans in his day. For nigh unto ninety years the missionaries have been giving a service of love to Persia and their Christian converts about them have followed their example. They fed the poor, they healed the sick, they clothed the naked: their doors have been open to the persecuted of all nations and religions, their influence freely used in behalf of the defenceless, their stores freely given to the needy, and when war removed restraints they were rewarded with .a bitterness of enmity and persecution not often known in the world. The merciless followers of Mohammed, whose myriad lips utter five times a day those most beautiful words "God is merciful, " fell upon their .best friends to murder and to loot. The stores that fed them they plundered, the sacred refuge that sheltered them they desecrated with the blood of their saviours and RELIEF WORK-DISTRIBUTING F[.OUR TO KURDISH REFUGEES IN URUMIA those who had healed them, fed them and defended them, they killed. The love of the Church if' ealled upon to take up this challenge. Will we do iU We will, for that is the glory of Christianity. The Church holds 110 enmity but only waits to show how long suffering is the love of Christ.

. Persia challenges likewise the devotion of the Church. Nine American missionaries gave up their lives for Persia during the war. Their graves are sacred. The winning of the land to the Christ may call for other graves. 'Phe enmity, the tribal wars, the bigotry, the · prevalence of disease, the long exile from home -these are still dangers and send a challenge to the Christian young men and women of America.

Per:;ia must be horn again. Thp need of the land is the de-

struction· of the things that destroy and the building of a strong manhood after the manner of Jesus Christ through whom alone a new birth can come. The challenge is a call to service and the history of the Church is abundant evidence that Ohristians, touched by the Spirit of Christ, will respond to this call with love and devotion.

Persia's politics are hopeful. Since the coming of Islam, thirteen hundred years ago, Persia has had no constructive rulers or leaders. Now the constructive genius of the British for commercial development and good govermnent make the future of Persia seem brighter than it has been for thirteen cent~ries. A period of peace under the guidance of British officers should bring a development of the abundant natural resources of the land that will make Persia prosperous. The presence of British officers will insure safety to all, and a democratIc spirit may even overcome the fanatical prejudice of Islam against other religions. Oppression will cease and sanitation, educ.ation and development will progress.

With such conditions a new day will dawn for old Persia. Prosperity will come to the land and Persia will find more freedom than she has known for centuries. The false system that has dominated and blighted the land for more than a thousand years will give way to the Christ whose law is love, whose rule is right and whose peace passeth understanding.

peRSIAN MOUNTAIN GIRLS IN FISK SEMINARY, URUMIA-NOW SCATTERED OR DEAD

MORMON TABERNACLE AND TEMPLE, SALT LAKE CITY, lJTAI!

Mormonism of Today and How,to Meet It REV, RODNEY W. ROUNDY, NEW YORK Associate Secretary of the Home Missions Council T HERE was a Mormonism of yesterday. It was a day of lay- ing foundations, a day of weakness and relatively small be- ginnings but a day of growing strength. Like all human movements which grip the imagination and interest of men the day of laying foundations was one of mingled vision and fact. Out of the East, from New England. the land of the Pilgrims, from the rock-ribbed Green Mountain State of Vermont came the "prophet," Joseph Smith, and the practical leader, man of affairs, Brigham Young. The prophet's revelations were imperfect, sometimes absurd. When dilemmas arose revelation had to succeed revelation. Revelation to be useful must be flexible. How could strange doctrine, mediocre truth and hodge-podge interpretations of a "Book of Mormon" be made possible unless faithful followers arose who could construct "two thousand changes in the Book of Mormon"!

There must be mystery. For every man religion must have its mystic attachments and suggestions. Mormonism must have its Temple to be entered only by the faithful; it must have its mystic seals of secret initiation; it must have its prophet and those on 21

whom the prophetic mantle from time to time must descend through a well organized hierarchy. Joseph Smith was not only the prophet but his soul goes marching on in the veneration of the faithful.

No one can look on the statue of Brigham Young on an eminence near the Temple Grounds, at the meeting of the busy streets in Salt Lake City without realizing that here was a man of affairs, any more than he can look upon the Temple without think- ing of Joseph and his priestly successors. Noone can look into the pictured face of Brigham Young without assurance of his master- fulness. He was a peer in the field of statesmanship~ with other giants who sprang from hardy strains in the Green Mountain state. No one but a general could have so led a forlorn hope to success, turned a small company into a host, encouraged a trek from state to state under greatest difficulties until he could put down a stake to say "Thus far we. go, and no farther."

In Utah were laid the foundations of empire. Irrigation was, for America, first introduced here in the great inter-mountain area. A valley was soon made to blossom as the rose. A Mormon state sprang into being. A hierarchy was established, There was an era of foundations and Brigham Young, more than any other but along with others of strength and prowess, laid those foundations.

There was, and is, an era of propagandism. Mormonism grew. It had its witnesses, its missionaries. Its devotees were preachers of its doctrines and traveled the country, yea, went to Europe, to all regioJJf> where lived the Nordic race, to proclaim its strange doc- trines. They sacrificed. They tithed themselves. Brigham Young would have had all Mormons accept the law of consecration, giving their all into the hands of the hierarchy. The rank and file would stand only for the law of tithing, one tenth to be ecclesiastically used. Out of this income they erect their church buildings, their temples, their expensive administration headquarters, their Hotel Utah~ their cooperative enterprises, their various institutions of enterprise and extension.

The Mormon Church of today has its 450;000 members in the United States of America, and 50,000 in other lands. It has four temples in Utah, one in Alperta, one in Hawaii, and is building one in Mesa, Arizona, one of the resting places for its sacred ark in the ,/ early days of its pilgrimage. It has a shrine, marking the birth- place of Joseph Smith in Vermont. and a local habitation and name even in Brooklyn, New York. There are 80,000 Mormons in counties of Southern Idaho. Arizona and 'Vyoming each has 15,000. In a single year the tithings amount to $2,600,000. The sugar beet business is such a success that church leaders are in- dicted as profiteers. Its propaganda has been a fruitful tree and continues to bring forth quantities of fruit in America while Mor- mon devotees still reach hands across the sea.

MORMONISM OF TODAY AND HOW TO MEET IT

Mormonism now is in an era of adjustments. There are adjustments for the better in its practice of polygamy. To become a state the Mormon hierarchy must needs issue its Manifesto in keeping with the Edmonds-Tucker Act, confirmed by the Supreme Court in 1890. The law was not fully observed immediately nor is it fully obeyed now, especially in the remote habitations of Mormon adherents. Increasingly it is being obeyed. Nat in all cases is the-law respected any more than the Volstead Act is respected. But increasingly the law operates and the moral forces of civilization are constructively making their adjustments.

The excellent schools of Utah are forcing adjustments. As an educational system the schools of the state rank high among the state systems of the land. Interested Gentiles may think rightly that the County Boards and the control of the University are entirely in the hands of Mormon leaders. There was universal resentment when a few years ago certain professors were dismissed from the faculty of the University for teaching what was generally acknowledged truth. Yet the schools themselves, forced quite largely upon Mormon leaders by Gentile interests, mean letting in the light. The streams of light grow brighter and shine more constantly. A culture is developing formerly lacking in Mormon society as evidenced now in the faces of older adherents of the faith. Hundreds of Mormon young men and women are in attendance at colleges and universities in the east, middle west and on the Pacific Coast. Returning home these young men and women can never be the same. All along the line there are the adjustments of enlightenment.

Then it must always be remembered that the very processes of Christian civilization mean adjustment. The ice behind the mountain and in the cave shaded from the sun melts in June if it does not in April. Utah cannot be wholly isolated. It is one of the states of the United States. Its people are American citizens. One hundred thousand of its population are non-Mormon.

A paramount adjustment in Mormondom is that due to the influence of the Christian enterprise. In estimating the numerical size of this enterprise one must not only take into account the actual 10,000 Protestants of Utah, 10,000 Roman Catholics and 8,000 Greek Catholics, but also the 100,000 people of the state, a considerable number of whom were formerly Mormons, as elements of the Protestant group, as subjects for evangelization. The Inter· mountain Conference of Christian Workers at Salt Lake Citv in October 1920 went on record as follows: "Resolved that the ,~ork of evangelical Christianity in Utah and Idaho shows valuable progress and encouraging fruitage in our common faith, and we earnestly commend the constructive and conservative methods employed j and urge their continuance, with such adaption and such reinforcements as time and circumstances may suggest."

The chief emphasis for Christian work in Mormon territory must be the same as elsewhere, only more strongly placed on de- voted, efficient Christian leaders. Earnest, faithfully~ though not always adequately, supported Christian missionaries strategically located in the state has been the policy of the Christian Church, and should be continued with larger numbers than has yet been done. Church buildings inspiring respect and not contempt should be erected. Already this plan reveals its wisdom as evidenced in a number of structures in larger centers of population, especially Salt Lake City. Consecrated personality is needed more than money in . the Christian enterprise. of today. The inter-mountain area has particular need for an increase where the "harvest indeed is plenti- ful but the laborers are" few, " where seed must be Bowed in great patience and results garnered after many moons.

Fortunately missionary strategy has developed a machinery, a method and a spirit. The Home Missions Council of Utah has already found its place and brought forth the rich fruits of comity. No denomination, in place or kind of work, operates without regard to others. There is revealed in practice the unity of the spirit in the bonds of peace.

To produce a Christian leadership there must be continued the strategy of a Christian educational plan. With an improved sys· tern of public education largely forced upon the state by Christian interests the number of small denominational schools could properly be reduced. The present Christian academies should be maintained and strengthened. Perhaps two or three more in strategic locations should be added. All should work together in maintaining West- minster College of Salt Lake City as the head and heart of the whole Christian educational plan. Its new site in the outskirts of Salt Lake City overlooking the present buildings of readjusted use makes an unsurpassed location. Supported by the Presbyterians, in so far as its funds are not raised locally, it functions for all Christian bodies through its interdenominational Board of Trustees. President Rehard, in vision and accomplishment, method and spirit, is rightly recognized as the leader to a better day of Christian education for worthy leadership.

The Conference felt strongly that literature of a positive con- structive type covering the best modern conceptions of the essentials of Christian faith should be distributed in the Mormon country. It was further decided that lectures on fundamental principles of faith and by an outstanding leader of national reputation in the cities of Utah and Southern Idaho would be of large. usefulness.

* For those interested in the study of Mormonism the following books are recommended: Lihn's "The Story of Mormonism," published by the Macmillan Co.: La Rue's "Foundations of Mormonism" and Kinney's "Mormonism, the Islam of America," published by Revellj "Joseph Smith, Jr., A. a Translator," by Bishop F. S. Spau1dinr.

and the World's

.A Series of Papers on the Relation of Christian Teaching to the Peace of the World, and the effect of Missionary Work on national and international Problems CHRISTIAN PRINCIPLES IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS BY REV. W. H. P. FAUNCE, LL. D., PROVIDENCE, R. I President of Brown University H AVE any of the nations which reject and abhor the pagan theory of government by brute force yet established a Christian theory of the world orded Are those nations who condemn the pagan theory as monstrous, .Christian in their in- ternational relations ~ We have accepted fairly consistent Christian ethics for the individual. We have curbed corporations and made them amenable to social obligations. We are seeking to Chris- tianize industry and commerce and municipal life. We recognize God in national holidays, proclamations, and in opening legislative.

assemblies. But in international relations we meet two startling facts. The first is that any war, undertaken for any reason whatever, is according to international law perfectly legal. The second is that neutrality, maintained by any nation in any struggle, is considered entirely moral. According to the law of nations that has developed in modern civilization, national sovereignty means the right to make war at any time on any people; and however unprovoked the attack may be, if due formalities are observed, international law cannot condemn one nation for waging war upon another. In the 20th of the Christian centuries, war is perfectly legal, and inter- national law affirms the right of any nation to wage it for any cause.

The other fact is not less startling. In the presence of any attack, however atrocious, upon a small state, any neighboring state is fully within its rights if it remains neutral. If the neighboring state sees nothing to gain by entering the struggle, it may quietly close its eyes to international crime, may complacently resolve to be neutral in word and deed and thought. That such neutrality may be itself a crime against the world-order never occurred to the founders of our system of international law. Unless we seek to change that situation we are not Christians, or even forward- looking men. .

What are the Christian principles, yet to be written into the 2S

society of. nations 1 What is a rational and Christian basis for international society~ International rivalry, suspicion, hostility, has 'based itself on alleged facts of biology, ethnology, geography and cosmic development. Christian society needs ethical foundations at least as strong and deep as those erected by the philosophy of force. The Christian principles we need are not merely exhortations to brotherly love; they are certain ineluctable and eternal truths.

The first truth is this: that we are "membe1"!s one of another." Individuals, associations, corporations, municipalities, nations-are members, united by the lasting bond of participation in a common life. The feeling of membership may be present or absent-the fact remains. "If the foot say, 'I am not of the body,' is it therefore not of. the body1" If the insurance company shall say, "I am not of the social order," is it therefore outside the order1 • If Austria or Spain snaIl say, I am not responsible to any world society, is it therefore not responsible 1 If we really are members one of another, we shall cherish respect for unlikeness. That one man is of English and another of Irish descent, that one speaks a Saxon and another a Latin language, 'will not be causes of enmity but the means of mutual enrichment. The differences between Orient and Occident are among the precious assets of civilization. If anyone of us had lived in China, and been subject to the Chinese environment, he would undoubtedly write from the top of the page to the bottom and insist on mounting a horse from the right side. In the presence of such facts we do not want toleration, but respect. Mere toleration of others' opinions, modes of speech and life is an unchristian attitude. It implies the condescension of a superior who waives his right to criticize the absurdities of an inferior. The Christian theory of life not only permits but demands differences. The Hindu poet, Tagore, sees this when he says: "Respect differences if you would find unity; you shatter difference~ only to multiply them."

On the foundation of mutual respect we build mutual responsibility. The foreigner, whose very foreignness is something precious, whose very strangeness is the supplement and completion of our partialness, is after all united with us, like islands that meet beneath the estranging sea. But our greatest difficulty is 'not the antipodes, or even with the Latin people; it is with our English kin whom we misunderstand just because we are so like them. We expect the Chinese, who live in the "land of topsy turvy" to be absurd. But the man who uses our familiar speech in a curious way, whose accent and intonation are an implicit criticism of ours, whose manners are slightly, and therefore irritatingly, differenthe rasps us, as two notes that are close together in the musical scale make the harshest discord. "Thou shalt love thy neighbor" has deep philosophy behind it, for if you can truly love your neighbor you can love anybody else in the world.

Does not this respect mean simply the old doctrine of the brotherhood of man ~ Yes, and no. No, if by brotherhood is meant a warm and generous feeling, which may vanish tomorrow when neutralized by a more primitive and powerful instinct. Yes, if we mean the clear understanding of a permanent fact. Brotherhood is not sentiment, it is intellectual understanding. Love is not in the last analysis emotion; it is perception-perception of the values under the surface of another personality or behind the strange costume and speech of another people. We cannot like all men, but we can and must love them, i. e., perceive and appreciate their value and hold it as a precious possession. To place underneath the wQrld-order the steady perception that all nations are members one of another, is the first step in Christianizing the relation of states.

The second Christian principle is this: Inequality means not a chance tor exploitation but opportunity for service. Deep in the teaching of the New Testament is the recognition of the permanent inequalities of men. The assertion of the Declaration of Independence that all men are born free and equal was never drawn from the teaching of the Nazarene, and finds no echo in St. Paul or Augustine or Luther. If it means that all should be equal in political rights and economic opportunity, it is magnificently true. But if it means to affirm equality in gifts, capacity or attainment, it runs counter to the whole Christian conception of humanity. The doctrine of brotherhood implies the contrary-brothers are never duplicates. A social club is built on a principle of identity but a family is built on the principle of unlikeness. In a family some are old and some are young, some are stalwart bread-winners, others in the cradle are simply love awakeners. But in and through this inequality the whole' family is bound together in mutual service. If ever the human society does become one family there will be as many ineqnalities in power and ability and development as we see today. Any attempt to lift man by ignoring the differences in men is doomed to failure.

But, as Macaulay said, the test of any civilization is its attitude toward the weak and the small. Nations must forever be as unequal in growth and size and capacity as individuals. There are many states in the world today, each claiming to be an independent entity. Does any man suppose that in a society of nations all can have equal voting power ~ Can all ever become equals 1 Can Siberia ever claim the leadership that belongs to Britain 1 Britain's greatness is, above all, greatness of obligation. If she uses her power to crush, to delude, to rob, to manipulate, she is an enemy to the human race. If she uses her power to serve the little states, and' by. her navy protects the rights of man, she is helping to realize the noble prophecy of Shakespeare in Henry VIII: "Those about her . . . From her shall read the perfect ways of honor, And by those claim their greatness, not by blood."

The exploitation of colonies, the enrichment of the victor by the spoliation of the conquered; the subjection of the tropics in order that they may yield ivory, or rubber~ or spices, to the temperate zone; the forcing of opium on any people whatsoever-these. are crimes whose enormity is measured not by the harm done to the weak, but by the wealth, and power, and knowledge of the superior nation, which constitute its obligation to the weak ones of the earth.

A third principle is this: security depends in the last analysis on moral force, for ill the end, moral force always conquers physical force, "Nothing is ever settled until it is settled right." Nothing is so unsettling to a world-order as the commission of an international robbery. It curseth him that loses and him that takes. The running sore of Alsace-Lorraine has for fifty years been an object lesson to the world.

I know men say, "Reason as you will, talk about right and justice as you choose, at last it comes down to bayonets, and the nation that has the most of them wins." No assertion could be more baseless. T'he nation that had the most munitions and the best trained men lost in the war because against her was the moral force of civilization. The moral force finally won physical support, but the nation that trusted in physical force could win no moral support from any other nation under heaven. "Thrice is he armed that hath his quarrel just." And he whose quarrel is unjust will not be ultimately saved by all the armies and navies of the world. Physical force never wins any permanent victory unless that force be the transient expression of It righteous purpose. The will to power has proved powerless; the will to help gets help from the whole round world.

The last Christian principle I mention is this: the universal application of the law of love. Nothing is more ominous for civilization than the ingenious attempts to side track the teaching of Christ and ignore it in the discussion of international affairs. ,]hose who say that Christ's teaching was meant only for individuals, those who explain it away as oriental exaggeration, are merely attempting to supersede Christ as the moral leader of mankind. During the war it was gravely proposed to declare a moratorium of Christian ethics until happier days should return. Christians have no use for a religion which can be applied only in days of sunshine ahd that has no application in time of storm. I cannot proclaim a moral law .which applies to two boys fighting in the street and has no reference to two nations struggling in the fi-elds "

of France or meeting in conference at Versailles. Either the teaching of Jesus applies now and here, or it applies nowhere and never. We have no use for a law of gravitation which applies to a pebble on the beach but cannot explain the revolution of the stars. We reject any Christian ethics unless it is universal in its scope and can guide a hundred million associated citizens as truly as the single peasant in his cottage. "Thou shalt love" is a law which has greatest binding force upon the greatest people, and finds its clt)arest application in the desperate emergencies of international struggle.

Can we love our npighbor while we fight him? The answer is to be found in the daily life of every hospital, and in the ethics of the medical profession. When a surgeon plunges the cold steel into quivering human flesh, he does it as the finest possible expres- sion of sympathy and mercy. He is cutting out the cancer that he may save the human life. The cutting process is the highest possible union of science and sympathy, the complete expression of the law of love. But having cut out the cancer we must proceed with the rehabilitation of the world and the construction of a social order in which such diseases shall be checked at their first appearance.

We must study preventive measures. Having shown that the nation that appeals to Caesar goes down, we must show' that the society that appeals to Christ steadily rises in peace and power and happiness. The best security league is a league of human service. The best society of national defense is the united and purified Church of Christ. The only fortress that can never be taken is the City of God.

THE SECRET OF PEACE FOR AFRICA BY RT. REV. WALTER HENRY OVERS, D. D.

Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Liberia E VERY traveler in Western Equatorial Africa must, sooner or later, come in contact with the white ant. These creatures are among the most destructive pests of the country, yet I question if anything plays a more wonderful or important part in nature. The presence of the termite is usually indicated by a large number of hills, like towers and spires, some of them fifteen or twenty feet high. Break open one of these large mounds, and there will be revealed an almost endless number of rooms displaying the wonderful wisdom of these remarkable colonists. As I have stood watching these marvelous little builders, erecting with muqh patience, their castles, tunnels, monuments and mansions, I have found myself repeating the verse of the poet: "Weare building every day In a good or evil way, I'

And the structure as it grows Must our inmost self disclose, Tilrin every arch and line All our hidden faults outshine."

In the arrangement of the white ant colony, you will behold in miniature, the modern building of the Mrican Empire. There are in every well regulated colony of termites four principal classes as follows: Explorers, Soldiers, 'Vorkers and Homebuilders.

In the development of the great African Empire everything depends upon the same four classes that I love to call the Master Build.ers. The soldIer has a place. Not, however, the native warrior with whom war was pastime, murder a luxury and plunder a daily industry.

The white ant soldier has one mission only-to protect the worker from evil interference. This is the true mission of the soldier in Africa. His presence has been found necessary to break down powerful, barbarous and savage kingdoms where "Man's inhumanity to man makes countless thousands mourn." Slavery has been rightly denounced as "the summation of all villainies. " Not until a military force was organized and gunboats were pla.ced upon the lakes and rivers and the ethics of the Gospel marched behind bayonets and the thunders of Sinai made them- selves heard beneath the roar of British guns, did Africa's greatest curse. receive its death blow.

The principle which prevails generally among the native African tribes is that "might is right." It is of the greatest im- portance that the people should be taught~ by precept and example, that the Colonial soldier is there to protect the best interests of . African life.

Some years ago British soldiers going through a newly made Protectorate proceeded to use their power by abusing the natives and taking everything of value from them. I happened to come into one of the native cities, and caught the soldiers in the very act of abuse and robbery. I insisted that they come with me to British headquarters some miles away where I presented the case to the officer in charge, who was an honor to his position. After a fair trial in which the soldiers made a full confession, he ordered a just punishment, then calling his men before him, gave them a splendid address on the true mission of the soldier in Africa. If there were more officers like that Captain, there would be less trouble in the African Colonies.

Liberia is a republic in a land of colonies, the only place in Mrica where the black man rules. In the interior of the republic are fourteen uncivilized tribes. Yet the Government keeps but a small army, known as the Liberian Frontier Force, with which to maintain peace. It is almost a miracle that from the year 1847 when the Republic was founded until now it has been able to hold its own. There have been no wars of aggression, but only efforts to preserve the peace and protect the right.

A new day appears to be dawning for the black man. Yester- day Africa was the continent of mystery~ today it is the continent of opportunity. Colonial effort should lead to civilization, develop- ment and the highest welfare of the native African.. When a colony fails in this, it matters not how great may be its commer- cial results, it forfeits its right to exist in the land of Livingstone, Victor Hugo once said: "The twentieth century will make a world out of Africa." Will this prophecy come true 1 It depends upon two things, namely, education and Christianity. After Theo- dore Roosevelt visited Africa he made the remark that "Civiliza- tion can only be permanent and continue a blessing to any people if in addition to promoting material well-being, it also stands for an orq.erly individual liberty, for the growth of intelligence, and for equal justice in the administration of law. Christianity alone meets and fulfils the'se requirements." Many people seem to think that Mohammedanism is the religion for Africa, It is true that the religion of the crescent is fast covering the Continent.

A few months ago I passed through many interior towns where there was not a single Christian teacher, but in each of these town.s there lived a Mohammedan priest. I became interested in the way these priests were supported. In the great Mohammedan center each family sets apart one member as a priest to propagate their religion and what is more, that family assumes the responsibility for the support of the priest until he has become established in some town and is able to take care of himself. No wonder Africa is becoming flooded with Mohammedanism. The representatives of this religion are not heralds of peace and good will. They believe in slavery and practice polygamy and· therefore cannot stand for the liberty of African manhood or the elevation of African woman- hood. ., I'll Africa gave birth to the law-giver Moses and sheltered the love- giver Jesus. Only by these two mighty principles-the majesty of LAW and the inspiration of LOVE can the Dark Continent come to its redemption.

A LIBERATING FORCE IN TURKEY BY REV. JAMES L. BARTON, D. D., BOSTON, MASS.

Secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions WHEN we attempt to account for the significant changes that have come over the Asiatic world in the last three genera- tions, foreign missions must be given much credit for the liberation of forces for Christian civilization. In 1820 American missionaries entered the Ottoman Empire with simple Christianity, the printing press, modern medicine and Western education, all of which were comparatively new to the entire country stretching from the Adriatic to the Caspian Sea and south to the Persia'll Gulf. The West had little knowledge of the races which occupied that vast territory, so that the reports of the tours of exploration were as eagerly read at home as have been the expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic Poles during the last decade. The Armenians, the Georgians, the Kurds, the Bulgarians and the Albanians were almost unknown peoples~ and the Turk was understood chiefly as a fighter who had once achieved great military fame but whose crescent was upon the decline.

While Americans knew little of these peoples, they knew far less of us. Some of them had never heard of America, and even the Turk was slow to believe that the name stood for a country that was worthy of special consideration. United States Consuls and diplomatic agents in due time followed the missionaries, and thus the official and more advanced leaders among the ruling classes began to realize that in the Western world there was a considerable country known as America.

It was, however, through the missionaries that these peoples began to comprehend something of the true spirit and character of Americans. '1'he multiplication of schools which culminated in colleges for both men and women convinced them that Amedea believed in education for both sexes. The increase in printing establishments with the rapid production of text books, general, religious and periodical literature in vast quantities and in the vernaculars of the people, awakened dormant intellects to inquiry and farther research, opening before 'all a new c.onception of a vast outside world of facts, ideas and ideals.

The establishment of modern hospitals, together with the promulgationof the Christian principles, helped the people to understand that religion lcannot be wholly embodied in ceremonies. The people were taught to have a clearer comprehension of religion and primarily of Christianity.

These forces of enlightenment and awakening have affected directly and indirectly succeeding generations of leaders in all races, but chiefly among the Armenians, Bulgarians and Turks. This peaceful penetration of the forces of Christian civilization was not without its disturbing elements. The entrance of light produces unrest and commotion among devotees of darkness. Tyranny revolts against any general elevation of the intellectual standards of the masses. Intelligence and righteousness has always been an enemy of injustice and tyranny. Christ came not to bring peace but a sword and set various forces against one another. He did it, as the martyrdoms of the centnries witness, and yet He laid down the only possible foundation for a universal and an abiding foundation for world peace. .

Fanaticism and slavish devotion to tradition and form· have always been the implacable foe of progress and reason. The missionaries_ were confronted with the fixed traditions of the oriental churches and the uncompromising prejudice and hatred of the Moslems. At the outset, there was no common ground upon which·the, Christian ideas and ideals of the West could meet the conservatism and prejudice of the people of Turkey.

It was inevitable that the introduction of the study of modern history and sciences, international law, the science of government, economics and many allied topics, together with the English lan- guage, should have resulted in unrest. It was inevitable that the Armenians in the East and the Bulgarians upon the West should have become conscious of the injustice of the treatment they were receiving from the hand of their rulers and should begin to seek some way of relief. This necessarily led to internal political unrest, bringing the oppressed races into closer sympathetic relations with the nations of the West.

The schools begun by the missionaries became the models upon which native populations developed national schools and in which subjects were pursued similar to those taught in American schools and colleges. In this way progress spre3id over the country and out of these institutions large numbers of men and not a few women came to Europe and America for farther study. Many returned as confirmed advocates of liberty for the oppressed, and committed to national and social reforms.

A superficial observer might say that the entrance of mission- aries into Turkey brought only unrest. That it did bring intellect- ual, religious and physical unrest, all admit, but these are not incompatible with the creation of conditions favorable for perman- ent peace. How else can we explain the turning of all these varied peoples towards the country from which these missionaries came when asked their choice for a mandatory power? They had learned to put supreme confidence in thecharacter~ the principles of govern- ment and the administrative and religious fairness of America through its representatives who had dwelt and labored among them for three generations. They had become capable of understanding the importance and significance of sound international relationships based upon the principles that guarantee peace. They have come to prefer peace to war and disorder and are ready t6 submit to such measures as will secure it. For this reason the Armenians and Bulgarians have applied for membership in the League of Nations while the Georgians, the Albanians, the Kurds, the Arabs, the Greeks and the Syrians are either directly or indirectly co- operating with the League or looking to it for aid in securing peace. If missionaries had not entered Turkey a century ago and there planted institutions of spiritual religion, education and benffiicence, the question of pacifying the areas then occupied by Turkey would have been vastly more complicated than it is today. The missionaries have prepared the way for an enlightened political service in the Near East in the interest of the permanent pacifica- tion of that troubled area.

If America could be persuaded to assume this responsibility, and if the military forces of the Allies would withdraw from the area under American general control fighting would soon cease. The half million or more refugees now unable to return to their homes and long the objects of charity, would be repatriated and speedily become self-supporting. Many of the more than two hundred thousand orphans and half orphans would find friends to care for them from among these repatriated refugees. With the advent of peace would come the development of industries which for five years have been paralyzed~ thus giving remunerative employment.

Missionary schools of all grades would begin to operate at full capacity to meet the already urgent and almost universal demand for modern education from all classes throughout the country. From the many colleges would emerge men to cooperate in per- fecting a practical government and in developing the industrial, agricultural and commerc~al resources of the country.

The government afforded by American help would at once ex- tend lines of communication, open the many mines in the country, introduce modern methods of agriculture and convert that land of strife, poverty and despair into a country of industrial and social prosperity. The introduction of religious liberty, freedom from persecution and the recognized right of every man, woman and child to live in peace and free from fear, would in itself constitute a revolution of sweeping significance. Missionaries and the insti- tutions they have planted there, the ideals they have inculcated, the men and women they have trained, the principles they have estab- lished and the confidence they have won would make the carrying out of such a program camparatively simple and effective. The preliminary work has been done; the foundations have been laid. The· conditions are now ripe for the erection upon the ruins of the old sin-cursed Near East of a new structure whose pillar shall be righteousness and whose canopy peace.

THE CURE FOR INDIA'S UNREST BY REV. W. L. FERGUSON, D. D., RAMAPATNAM, SOUTH INDIA ,I Missionary of the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society NDIA is coming to the front rapidly in many ways. Some day she may become a world power; she is already assuming the dimensions of a world problem. In population she stands second in the world and she is growing at the rate of about 8,500 a day, 250,000 it month, or 3,000,000 a year. This means that she is great in man-power. She is great economically, being first in the amount of rice produced; first in tea; first in cane-sugar; first in the number of cattle raised; first in jute; second in cotton; fifth in wheat; and fourth or fifth in the world's trade as an importer and exporter. India has great cities, as Madras, Bombay and Calcutta; great harbors; great railway systems, with nearly 32,000 miles of lines in use. She has thousands of miles of well made roads and one of the cheapest and best post and telegraph systems in the world. She has gold mines being worked on a paying basis; she has deposits of iron which are being developed with Indian capital by one of the greatest corporations in all the East; she has coal, though not of the best quality; she has salt, which is a government monopoly; she has petroleum, rubies and teak-wood in Burma; she has coffee, spices, medicinal herbs, seeds and gums; she has cocoanuts, peanuts and oils for export; and she has fisheries which promise to be of untold value.

These facts indicate some of the possibilities of India as an economic factor in the world's commerce. What constitutes the world problem is India's huge population and its overflow into other lands, as East Africa, South Africa, the Straits Settlements, Fiji Islands, Mesopotamia, the West Indies, South America, Canada and the Pacific coast of the United States of America. It is economic pressure which forces peoples to migrate. India is overflowing just as are China and Japan, although Japan has nearly twice the per capita wealth' that China and India can claim. India's population is increasing altogether out of proportion to the increase of her wealth or the productiveness of her soil. From remote times all the best agricultural lands have been under the plow, and in recent times most of the remaining cultivable land has been brought to bear more or less perfectly; but the growth of harvests does not keep pace with the growth of population, which: during the past ten years has been something between 25,000,000 and 30,000,000. Government has done much in seeking to improve agriculture by constructing irrigation works and by opening agricultural schools and colleges. The conservatism of past ages, however, clings to the great agricultural classes which form some 85% of the population, and new ideas and methods are slow of finding a reception. This keeps down the production of the soil.

On the other hand caste customs decree early marriages, so much so that girls are mothers at thirteen or fifteen ordinarily, and in many cases boys are fathers before they are through high school. This sends popUlations up and thus the land becomes overcrowded and its crops insufficient to provide an abundance for all. The result is greater demand for what exists and higher prices year after YElar. For the past twenty years there has been a steady in- crease in the prices of staple food-stuffs and supplies; and the great world war has created the same shortages and evils following as have resulted in all the rest of the world. Consequently Indiajs in more or less of "unrest."

The "unrest" not only shows itself in opposition to the British Government in India and constant criticism thereof, but also in an irritated state of feeling against other governments,-towards South Africa and Canada for refusing to admit Indians into these colonies on equal terms with native born citizens or immigrants of European descent; towards Fiji for importing Indian labor on contract and for the ills attendant on such a system; towards America for her laws excluding Asiatic laborers from temporary or permanent residence; and towards Australia for keeping up a color bar and pursuing a policy of "a white Australia~" and so on around the circle of international relations.

Again, the "unrest" is seen in labor troubles, strikes, riots and occasional lootings, such .as followed the last year of the war and occurred during the first year of peace following the armistice; and it is seen in the religio-political coalition which has take!! place between Mohammedans and Hindus in regard to the peace treaty with the Turkish Empire and the resulting status of the "kalifat."

Bolshevism is seeking entrance to India in the hope that "unrest"

will furnish the soil all prepared for the reception of its seed; and it is looking to India to furnish one of the most stupendous upris- ings the world has ever seen. The peril is not fanciful, but real, for there are forces both within and without India which are con- spiring to bring this about, all of them more or less reactionary, anti-government, atheistic, agnostic, or godless. '

Over against this picture must be placed another~ which is far brighter, but by no means so bright as one could wish. It is the picture of the triumphs of the Gospel in India. Wherever that Gospel has been presented and found ready acceptance, there "unrest" is at a minimum and loyalty to Government as by law established is at a maximum j and generally speaking good rela- tions subsist between the Indians and foreigners. Nothing so serves to break down the "middle wall of partition" which sep- arates race from race and class from class as this message of love, fraternity and peace. None but the Father Above knows how far the influence of the Good News of Christ has gone towards keeping India as a whole in a state of peace for the past many decades. An official in an important province once said regarding an American missionary lady within his district, "Her presence is equal to that of a regiment of soldiers." Whatever else may be said, this is certain, that nUssionaries who have been some years in the service have seen races flow together under the influence of the Gospel and in respqnse to its behest. We have seen Tamils, Telugus, Kanarese, Malayalims, Burmans, Assamese, Garos, Ceylonese, Punjabis, Deccanis and a host of others come together in a great Christian convention and make no distinction en account. of race or color, since all were happy and conscious of their oneness in Christ. The same thing is true of the All Iuma Christian Congress, and in the National Missionary Council of India, in which Indians, Americans, Canadians, English, Scots and Australians meet as equals, coworkers for the Kingdom of God. Such demonstrable proof of the power of the Gospel to overleap racial and national bounds within India makes one feel certain that it can and will also overleap the barriers in the outer world, once it has a chance to operate on an extensive scale.

Here, however, comes in the difficulty of our slowness vigorously to press forward with evangelism, and the expanding and upbuilding processes which inevitably must follow it. The spirit of Christ is the only true basis for a sound internationalism ·and the only guarantee for a right and enduring world peace. Wherever the Gospel has been diligently proclaimed there its effects are manifest. Through preaching, through the influence of primary schools, high schools, colleges, alid professional institutions, through the translation and wide-spread circulation of the Scriptures and an increasing Christian literature, and through the influence of a multitude of earnest "living epistles" a deep impression has been made and is being made on multitudes. In localities where this has occurred community living is on a higher plane, the impact of Christ on the home, the business man, the teacher, the lawyer, the physician and the journalist is more in evidence, and the relations between the various castes, races and creeds are decidedly better. What has been done is an earnest of what may be done, and constitutes a call to enlarged service and a "gUarantee of success. The times are clamant for the vigorous pressing on of the conflict of light against .darkness till the darkness shall be overcome.

DEVELOPING CHARACTER IN CHINA BY REV. A. L. WARNRHUIS, SHANGHAI W HATEVER happens in China is of immediate and great concern to Japan, America, Great Britain, France, Nether- lands, Belgium, and other nations. China possesses treasures of mineral wealth and other natural resources, with an almost unlimited supply of labor. These treasures are needed by the rest of the world in its economic and industrial reconstruction. Were anyone nation to attempt the development of these natural resources for itself the jealousy, rivalry and opposition aroused in other nations would inevitably lead to war.

China is a menace to the peace of the world because of -its own political weakness. The militarism which exists in Japan is certainly objectionable, but its evil consequences will affect Japan more than any other country. China has suffered from Japan's militarism, but Japaq is not the cause of China's weakness and China will never be ruled by Japan. The more serious possibility is that in the course of the next century or two China may absorb Japan. As the great mass of China, now almost formless, develops nerves and central ganglia and becomes one of the greatest organ- ized states of the world, it will dominate the Far East.

The cause of China's present weakness is within the nation itself but its weakness does not consist in the lack of an army or navy. One of China's troubles is that rival military groups are using up the country's revenues in unproductive expenditure. Neither is poverty China's weakness, for it is rich~ almost beyond measure, in undeveloped resources. Even the lack of modern educa- tion does not explain this weakness. The nation has able men who have been in power and others who still exercise political power. It is not ability that China lacks so much as she lacks character in her government officials. This is a terrible indictment to bring against a people that for so many centuries has paid lip service to a system of morality with truly high ideals. This lack of charac- ter is as evident since the establishment of the Republic as it was under the imperial rule. Indeed, many affirm that corrupt govern- ment, which is not mere inefficiency but is real dishonesty and sel- fishness, is worse now than before the imperial government was overthrown. China today needs leaders who will be honest and faithful, ~elf-sacrificing and sincere patriots.

Western civilization, unless it is dominated by Christ, is not only powerless to produce such men, but its influence is positively bad. "Except so far as our Christianity has permeated our Wes- tern impact upon the East~ that impact has been positively harmful and bad. It has broken down what was innocent and good; it has destroyed the moral and industrial organization of old societies, and, save as in some measure Christian principles have been em- bodied in it, it has been a visibly deteriorating and destructive power."· The proof of this may be seen in Shanghai, Constan- tinople, Africa, the South Sea Islands, and in some of the foreign students who live for a time in America without experiencing genuine Christian influences. The visible results of the impact of Western civilization without Christianity has led Chinese and Turks . to say that they want none of such civilization.

Christian missionaries in their schools and churches are pro- moting peace in the Far East by giving.to China the men that will make it a strong nation. It is easy in these days to make a fairly long list of lead€rs prominent in national affairs and active • "The Gospe] and the New World"-Speer. page 145. in provincial and other grades of office, both military and civil, who are strong Christians and who are witnessing a good confession often in spite of much opposition and serious difficulty. This list is growing rapidly.

These Chinese Christian leaders are to be found in all parts of the country. Such men as these are the hope of China. The Christian community is rapidly increasing in size, and the influence of these Christian men and women in political affairs is already out of all proportion to their numbers. These are the men who, under God, will be the leaders in making China a great nation. In developing these men and women of strong~ upright character, Christian missions are most effectively promoting the peace of the world.

INTERPRET'lNG CHRISTIANITY TO JAPAN BY REV. A. J. STIREWALT, JAPAN T HE INFLUENCE of Christian missions on the national life of Japan is seldom recognized by the overwhelming non- Christian masses, but occasionally a voice is heard from among the unprejudiced thinking classes, ascribing value to Christian influence. When California legislation for limiting property rights of Japanese subjects was being agitated, certain periodicals of Japan appealed to the missionaries to assist in bringing about a peaceful solution, recognizing that Christianity stands for justice. Perhaps there is no nation whose people are so sensitive to the opinions of others as the Japanese. Daily incidents arising while mingling with the people, as well as certain attitudes taken by groups, establish this fact. There is no class of outsiders in her midst of whom she is so conscious as those who represent Christianity. In all probability this.is because of the standards-Christian standards-with which they compare the country's attitudes and actions. The number of Christians in the national Diet is greatly out of proportion to the Christian population, and they are in a position to exert an influence.

Japan has been unjustly critidsed in matters pertaining to peace. If she has an army and a navy it is because she thinks they are necessary for self-preservation, and she claims that they are only what other nations have. If she has been ready to use such forces, perhaps she has had as much occasion for it as other nations. If Christian nations go to war, we cannot demand that the 230,.000 Christians in Japan be able to keep her 63,000,000 non-Christians out of war. But since Christians, because of their different standards of life, because of their practice of a higher conception of the relationship between man and man, are exerting an influence out of proportion to their number, it would be but natural for the Christian constituency to have an influence out of proportion to its number on this matter of world peace. The great social questions which have unsettled the world's peace, and which have plunged certain nations into chaos and suffering are extant in Japan. The government is sensitive to the situation, and is seeking to avert unfortunate conditions which have befallen those other countries. Labor has been recognized, and is being rewarded as was never supposed to be possible. J apan~ in trying to solve her problems is studying the experience of other countries. Fortunately, those countries by which she is most in- fluenced are the so-called Christian nations. We would naturally expect Japan to follow Christian standards in adjusting her part of the world problem to a proportionate degree that so-called Chris- tian nations make Christian principles the underlying factors in the solution of their parts of the problem. The representatives of . Christian missions are, to no small degree, the interpreting factors of what takes place in their own lands.

But the development of a Christian consciousness among the Christian consitutency on the field is a factor not to be ignored. This includes men whose exalted conscience and fine sense of justice and equity and love for peace, based on Christian truth, compare well with those found in any part of Christendom. Such men are seen as lights. Their teaching is filled with power. Their infIu- -ence permeates all society.

SPREADING THE CHRISTIAN SPIRIT IN KOREA BY O. R. AVISON, M. D., SEOUL, KOREA T HE GEOGRAPHICAL position of Korea has made it a buffer state between Siberia and Japan, and between China and Japan. Its weakness stood in the way of active military resistance, and the peaceful inclination of its people prevented any military preparation. Its strong desire for peaee was shown by devastating a strip of its northern border to create a literal "no man's land."

The Koreans have ever shovm great interest in literary and spiritual things. The coming of Roman Catholic missionaries, more than sixty years ago, afforded a clearer conception of God than their own religion had ever given them, and they entered the fold of that Church in considerable numbers. Protestant missionaries entered in 1885 with a still clearer teaching concerning God's rela- tion to man, and now 300,000 Koreans are Protestant Christians. They have clearly grasped the conception of God as the Father of mankind and Christ as the Saviour. They have also grasped the . plan of Jesus for the extension of His Kingdom to such an extent that the work of evangelization in Korea'has nearly all been done by Korean Christians, and they have also gone into Shantung and Manchuria with the Gospel. They are planning to enlarge their evangelistic work already begun in eastern Siberia.

SPREADING THE CHRISTIAN SPIRIT IN KOREA

Since the religion of Jesus Christ is a powerful factor in promoting peace by the development of love in the heart, instead of hatred and suspicion; and in developing the power of love, rather than the overcoming power of military force, the missionaries of Christ in Korea are training workers who manifest the spirit of their Master, and teach His laws. This will influence China, which in turn will be a powerful force for righteousness in the world. If Korean Christians can proclaim the love of Christ effectively in China, she may be a peace-making force~ rather than a menace. Korea is especially well fitted to be a spiritual power for evangelization and Christianization because of her receptivity· toward Christianity, her practice of its virtues, and her missionary spirit. Thus the time and money spent in the Christianization of Korea will be far more effective than that spent in many other lands.

The part taken by Christians in the recent protests of Korea against the rule of Japan only proves that Christianity sets in operation the thinking powers of those who really absorb its teachings. True, Christianity has always fostered democratic ideals, and caused unrest in countries ruled by autocratic princes. It does set up a struggle against oppression, and develops a demand for fairness and justice. These states of mind naturally create a demand for changes in favor of righteous dealing with the masses. l'he only remedy for unrest and dissatisfaction with ignorance and oppressiJon is more of the Spirit of Christ, both in the classes and in the masses. This will make the people less unreasonable and impatient in their demands, and the rulers more willing to give good government and equal privileges to alL Peace will thus take the place of unrest, nations will dwell side by side without envy, and the Kingdom of God will be seen on earth.

CHRISTIAN INTERVENTION IN LATIN AMERICA BY REV. G. B. WINTON, D. D., NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE D ISTURBANCES of the world's p.eace are of two kinds~ inter- national and "intra-state"-to borrow a word from the railway officials. The Christian belief in the value of the individual, equality before the law, intellectual enlightenment and spiritual liberty, tend, without doubt, to unsettle conditions in those countries where government and privilege have been for the few at the expense of the many. Christian missionaries, working as did their Master, among the poor, contribute to this unsettlement. At the same time, their converts and the youths trained in their schools are a leaven in the revolutionary g"roups that makes for moderation, for peaceful measures wherever possible, and for personal integrity. This contribution has been, in the Hispanic American republics, of hitherto unrecognized value, and the future

will see its influence greatly extended. Evangelical missions in those countries have had as yet scarcely a generation in which to operate. On international relationships, their influencel is much larger, though perhaps more difficult to appraise. ,All Latin America is bent on being republican, having taken the infection from the United States of America.

The commercial mind is frankly selfish. American business men in Latin America are concerned only with dividends; from investments. The missionary, on the contrary, is concerned only with the welfare of the people. It is from them that he looks for spiritual dividends on his investment of life and labor. He believes that the Christian religion will help Latin Americans to a better government, and to improved economic conditions~ but his direct objective is to raise the intellectual and moral level of the people themselves. Living among them, he comes to know them as no other foreigner ever knows them. On the basis of this knowledge, he invariably becomes their advocate. Over against the gibes of tourists, the contempt of investors and the book "cure-aIls" of the politically-minded, he defends them for their docility, their hospital ity and their native sprightliness.

The missionaries are against intervention by the United States. Training for citizenship is not to be handed down from above by a supergovernment, and at the point of bayonets. Virtually all of these unstable republics to the south of us are large enough and proud enough to force us, if we interfere at all, to do so by arms. See even the Island of Santo Domingo. Simple as the problem there seemed, those two dusky "republics" have become a veritable "tar baby" for American diplomacy.

The part played by men trained in mission schools in recent government affairs has not been overlooked. The Mexicans~ the thoughtful Mexicans, ofall classes have drawn two inferences that bear directly on the peace of Latin America. The first is that the missionaries are their friends and their true interpreters to the American people; and second that the missionaries represent the attitude of the great mass of normal, distinterested, fair-minded citizens of this country. The Mexicans wish to have peace with the United States, for they greatly dread a war that might lead to the loss of their national integrity, and they look to the missionaries to continue to help preserve that peace.

Of every Latin American country the same things will, in any issue, prove true. The missionaries are the friends and the true interpreters of those countries. They are engaged in a labor which will not only tend to make those republics better able to maintain pacific internal conditions, but will raise them to a level when collisions with other nations will be less likely to occur.

A REMINDER OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS IN SANTO

Three Crosses in a Dominican village, marking the site of a battle in which Columbus was almost overpowered by Indians The Missionary Problem of Santo Domingo BY SAMUEL GUY INMAN Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation for Latin America F EW Americans realize how extensively and with what rapidity is growing our far-flung battle-line. We generally think of our America as limited to the forty-eight states represented in Congress. It is a positive shock therefore for the ordinary American to travel through the various Caribbean countries, and there to come face to face with the predominance of the influence of the United States in these little (so-called) republics. This influence has increased gradually but very steadily. As the result of the Spanish-American War America came into possession of Porto Rico. Cuba was turned back to her own people, but, by means of the Platt Amendment, a virtual protectorate is maintained in that country and a naval station is held at Guantanamo. The Panama Canal was built and the United States took control of the Canal Zone with the Panamanian Republic itself under our influence. In 1912 we sent marines into Nicaragua to restore order. and since that time we have maintained a garrison of at least a hundred marines in the capital city, Managua.

In 1915 one of the worst of Haiti's many disturbances caused Admiral Caperton to land marines on that Island, and under their directions new elections were held. A treaty was signed which gives the United States practical control of the country. A year later a revolution in Santo Domingo was the cause for landing marines there, and when the government then in power would not 43

agree to sign a satisfactory treaty Rear Admiral Knapp declared martial law and put himself at the head of the government with the title of "Military Governor." The Dominican Congress was adjourned by the military authorities and since then the government of the republic has been entirely by decrees of the military Governor, carried out by the armed forces of the United States Navy and Marine Corps.

At about this same time the United States bought the Virgin Islands. We have also exercised a very strong influence in Costa Rica, Honduras, Salvador and Guatemala., so that traveling through these little countries one is overwhelmed with the conviction that the United States holds them in the hollow of its hand. A tremendous responsibility is thus put upon us. We have heretofore been known to these people too largely through our marine corps and battleships, and too little through those forces which would demonstrate to them our belief in servi.ce, sacrifice and idealism.

Strangely enough these countries in which the United States exercises such a predominant influence are the very countries in all the world where American Christians have done little missionary work. The appeal presented to us by these lands is not simply the need growing out of their degradation, lack of education and lack of spiritual light, but the demand on us is imperative because we have made ourselves responsible for their political and commercial life. They have the-refore the right to look to us as no other couutry for the spiritual blessings that they lack.

THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC In the Dominican Republic the United States is at the present time absolutely sovereign, since there is no Dominican government. It is also the country where less evangelical work has been done than in almost any other of the countries mentioned, except Haiti. It occupies two-thirds of the island which Columbus called His- paniola, the other third being occupied by the Republic of Haiti. The island lies squarely between Cuba and Porto Rico and is about two-thirds as large as Cuba, and seven times as large as Porto' Rico, or nearly equal to New England, omitting Maine.

Santo Domingo and Haiti should not be confused nor classified – together. Haiti is a Negro republic; with something of a French background, at least for the cultured classes. French is the official language~ with most of the two and a half million Haitians speaking a patois, combination of French, English and African languages. It is the "black man's paTadise."

Santo Domingo, on the other hand, has a Spanish background and Spanish is universally spoken by its inhabitants, with the exception of the few West Indian Negroes, coming from English colonies, who speak the English language. While there i!! a great deal of Negro blood, the racial mixture is very complete and the typical citizen may exhibit predominant characteristics of either the white, the black or the ordinary mestizo of other Latin American countries. On the Samana peninsula there is a colony of American Negroes who migrated there from the United States in 1830· and have maintained their American customs and language. The Spanish consciousness is strong in spite of the great mixture of African blood. The very black mayor of an inland town said to a naval officer in the course of a conversation: "Your argument is all right for an Anglo Saxon but we Latins are different.

The politeness so characteristic of the Latin American is evident on every side. The gracious hospitality that'offers the home to the guest with the assurance that "it is your house," is still prevalent in Santo Domingo. The idealism of the Spaniard, that often drives the Latin American to extremes of individualistic effort, to intolerance of a foe and the worship of a friend, also leads the Dominican to take himself very seriously, to speak much of liberty and democracy, but to find it very difficult to sacrifice personal differences for the good of the whole.

The climate of Santo Domingo is characterized by heat and humidity. It is, however, tempered and rendered. bearable by cooling breezes which are seldom absent. Being very mountainous (five chains of mountains stretch through the island), the readily accessible areas of higher elevation afford a variety of temperature conditions at any time of the year that is unusual in so small a country. The country consists of extensive plains and broad fertile valleys, surrounded by mountains of various heights, well irrigated by abundant streams and rivers. The soil is very fertile. and the coastline is well indented with excellent harbors and bavs. One of the naval authorities has said that Santo Domingo is m~re capable of caring for a dense population than any other like-sized territory in the whole world.

Santo Domingo is also rich in historic interest. It is the oldest of all the permanent settlements on American soil. Here Columbus founded various colonies and -Santo Domingo City became his favorite of all the New World. It was here that he spent some of the happiest time of his life and here that he was reduced to prison by his political enemies and from here he was sent in chains and disgrace to Spain. The old tower where he was imprisoned still remains and his bones lie in the great cathedral of Santo Domingo City.

In this oldest city of the New World one still sees the remains of the first church built in America. Its foundations were laid in 1502. Here is the house where Cortez kept the court records before he had ever heard of Mexico. From here Ponce de Leon set out in his search for the Fountain of Youth. Here lived Pizarro before A TYPICAL PROTESTANT CHAPEL IN SANTO DOMINGO This shack and a similar one, both occupied by small Negro congregations, represent Protestantism in the capital city of Santo Domingo –C"I '….. • ,""~"-'.~.j. -~ .".– – -b:U'. r( .. c he went to Panama and sailed down the West Coast to conquer the Inca Empire. Here was founded the first university of the New WorId when in 1538 a royal charter was granted for tIle establish- ment of the university of St. Thomas.

Unfortunately this glorious history was not maintained. Fifty years after the first settlement the Indians had almost been exter- minated by the cruelty of their masters and the finest of the Conquistadores had moved on to conquer new and more glorious worlds. For nearly three centuries Santo Domingo dropped out of the notice of the world. In the early part of the nineteenth century, when the other Spanish colonies were declaring their in- dependence and establishing republics Santo Domingo endeavored to join this movement, but she was overpowered by the Negro -despot of Haiti and was held under the dominance of the Negro repUblic until 1844. Then followed twenty years of independent life, filled with revolution, after which the country again put itself under Spain for some five years. Again declaring itself as a republic it entered an independent existence until 1916, when the government was taken over by the United States Navy.

So it will be seen that from the time of its discovery Santo Domingo has had a great va.riety of government, which has been accompanied by all kinds of strife and turmoil. Being about the size of Ireland, it also reminds one in its political difficulties of that ill fated land. During her seventy years of national life nineteen constitutions have been promulgated and there have been fortythree presidents. only three of whom have completed their terms of office; two were killed, twenty deposed. and others resigned more or less willingly. It is a country where until recently, time has stood still. The military government established in Santo Domingo by the United States Navy has eliminated revolutions-the bane of the country for a century-is building roads and port works, gradually paying off of the national debt, improving sanitary conditions, providing stable conditions for business and improving the educational system.

These improvements are, however, made at the expense of much bad feeling between the governors and the governed. A military government is not designed to win a people or to develop them in self-expression or prepare them for self-government. Martial law means regulation of every detail of life. People cannot meet in public gatherings to discuss their problems. The newspapers cannot discuss political questions and criticisms of the military government are not permitted.

In the second place. a foreign military government conducted THE; ROMAN CATHOLIC CE;NTER IN SANTO DOMINGO This is the Cathedra] in Santo Domingo City- wherein the bones of Christopher Columbus are said to have been placed. largely by those who cannot speak the language of the country and who have no idea of their history or national psychology must necessarily be an unjust government. Even a fine spirit of service cannot keep the officials from making great mistakes when they arbitrarily determine problems of taxation, education and economic and social life.

The greatest objection to the present method, however, is that the people are not being prepared for self-government. The Dominicans have no responsibility placed. upon them. They have no incentive toward progress except material prosperity. More of their children may be taught to read and write and more may enjoy automobile rides on good roads, but the present military government by its very nature cannot give itself to the development of the nobIer things of life. In the interior of the country, development is still held back by serious disorder which in four years the marines have been unable to suppress.

The continuance of a severe censorship is probably doing more to cause dissatisfaction than anything else. Not long ago three Dominican newspaper men were arrested for criticising the military government, and their cases were transferred from the provost court to a military court martial. This news leaked out and was cabled all over Latin America, causing intense indignation.

As the interior of the country is rather mountainous the people live in the pockets of these mountains or down in the valleys, completely cut off from the outside world. Many country people cannot count to more than five or six. The densest ignorance prevails, not only in the country districts but among a large part of the inhabitants of the cities themselves. In the country as a whole it is estimated that from ninety to ninety-five per cent. of the people are unable to read and write.

A generation ago, education in the Republic took on a remark- ~le revival, under the inspiration of Eugenio de Hostos, who, although born in Porto Rico, gave most of his life to Santo Domingo. Few men are so revered by the people. He was a born pedagogue, that rare combination of profound student and inspiring instructor. He left some forty volumes of writings.

The American military occupation found about 20,000 pupils in schools. These pupils were mostly in little 'private schools subsidized by the government 'in which the one teacher who held the classes in a room of her own house taught all the grades. Not only pedagogical, but hygienic and moral conditions were usually very low.

The advance in primary education made since the American occupation is nothing less than astounding. Colonel Lane of the Marine Corps, who until recently was Minister of Education, was widely known for his singular devotion to his task. Beyond a correctional school and agricultural school, however, the latter not yet in operation, no industrial work is being done or contemplated by the Government. Colonel Lane believes that the government's first job is to teach the children to read and to write since the object of the American occupation is to establish a capable self-governing people, and since funds are so limited he is bending every energy toward this single object. Nothing has yet been done toward training teachers, except the adding of two grades of normal training to the one high school in the capital. In the tremendous speeding up of primary education" all kinds of teachers and buildings have had to be used. Old stables, jails and all kinds of buildings are laid hold of, hastily cleared out and schools installed. The school enrolment has grown to the remarkable figure of 100,000.

The present budget for public instruction is $1,500,000, one-third of the amount being furnished by the national -treasury, another third by the municipalities and another by special taxes. It will probably be some time before, in justice to the people, this amount can be greatly augmented. The great need for. help from outside forces is therefore easily seen, especially along the lines of industrial training and pre'paration of teachers.

There are a very few private schools, religiousl or secular, in the country. In the capital there are two small commercial schools giving courses in the evenings and a girls' private school with 140 enrolled, giving courses from kindergarten, through the primary grades. The Episcopalians conduct a small primary school for American children in the rector's residence. The Catholic Church maintains Colegio San Tomas with miserable equipment, enrolling some twenty-one boys with eight students for the priesthood. There are few private schools of any consequence outside the capital. The few primary schools conducted by Protestants are: a day school, with fifty pupils, conducted by the African Methodists at San Pedro de Macoris; also a day school conducted by the Moravians in the same city; both for English-speaking Negroes. The African Methodists also have schools in Santo Domingo City. The Free Methodist Church is conducting the only missionary school in Sp"anish on the Island,-at San Francisco de Macoris. They have done a splendid work in spite of great handicaps in equipment and sufficient teachers.

The Roman Catholic Church has lost the prestige' of the old days, and if it were not for the popular archbishop, who is in many ways not only a fine man but the most popular citizen of Santo Domingo, it is hard to know what would be the state of the Churcl. Noone seems to regard it in a serious light or as having anything to do with present day life and problems. Reports everywhere concerning the priesthood indicate that they are generally low bred and immoral. The African Methodist Episcopal Church has the oldest Protest- ant work iii. Santo Domingo. It was established in 1830, encour- aged by President Boyer, who made great promises to the Negroes in the United States concerning the privileges he would grant them, which promises he never filled. The colony maintained its integrity nevertheless, and today it reminds one very much of the Negroes in the southern part of the United States. Their church at Samana is credited with having 325 members, most of whom speak English.

They have two day schools, two Sunday-schools and four workers altogether in Samana. In San Pedro de Macoris they have a church building with 300 members. They have also a small chapel in Santo Domingo City.

In Santo Domingo City there is one other little chapel which A FLOURISHING MORAVIAN SUNDAY·SCHOOL AT SAN PEDRO DE MACORIS has been transferred from the Missionary Alliance to the Moravians. 1'his is also for English-speaking Negroes. The Episcopalians hold services for Americans in the Customs Collector's building. There are no services in Spanish. The Moravians have work in San Pedro de Macoris and also at La Romana, but their work is also for English-speaking Negroes.

The Wesleyan Methodists have had work in Santo Domingo for at least half a century. The Rev. W. Mears who is in charge of the work is much discouraged by the lack of support from the home base. There is an English-speaking church at Puerto Plata which has exerted a fine influence in the community. Mr. Mears had also recently begun meetings in Spanish. There are small Wesleyan congregations in Sanchez, Samana and Montecristi.

Some independent workers of the Free Methodists came to Santo Domingo in 1890 and began work in Spanish. This work was later adopted by their Mission Board. There are now ten or eleven missionary workers located in the northern towns of Santiago, Moca, Sanchez, and San Francisco de Macoris. They are consecrated people, but suffering greatly from lack of equipment.

This is the only Spanish-speaking work on the island, with the exception of a few little independent groups that usually meet in private houses. • The Episcopal Church has just begun work in Santo Domingo City under the superintendence of Archdeacon Wyllie, who, with his good wife, is indispensable to the American colony in Santo Domingo. At San Pedro de Macoris there is a small church which is also connected with the Episcopalian Church. Other services are held as opportunity offers in neighboring towns and sugar plantations. The present work and all planned is in English.

PLANS FOR UNITED WORK Because Santo Domingo is such a needy mISSIOn field, because of the peculiarly heavy responsibility that the United States has for the Dominican people, because of the growing spirit of unity manifested in many cooperative enterprises that have been developed during the last five years among the Mission Boards working in Latin America, an advance plan for united work- in Santo Domingo has been approved by several mission boards. This plan consists of a union board of trustees whose membership shall be made up of representatives of the various denominational mission boards desirous of working in Santo Domingo. The united board has selected a superintendent under whose direction shall be the work in Santo Domingo, and he is now on the ground.

So far the General Home Board of the Methodist Episcopal Church and the Woman's Board of that Church. the general Home Board of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. and the Women's Board, and the general Board of the United Brethren have come into this agreement.

An annual budget of $80,000 has been provided. The program lias been worked out for the next five years. It consists of two large centers, one in the south, at Santo Domingo City and the other in some city of the north. Here there will be erected as early as possible a church building with provision also for community service, including night classes, lectures, daily Bible classes, clinic, etc. A hospital and nurses' training school, and an industrial school shall be located probably a little distance out from the city and have enough grolmd to teach some agricultural as well as other manual work. This program will practically be duplicated in one other center. From these centers evangelists will be sent out to the smaller towns and with the establishment of preaching places there will be also provided a place where the people can be gathered every night for instruction in whatever particular line it seems to be most needed. The whole program will be developed in cooperation with the forces already on the field. There is immediate need of a physician, two nurses, an evangelistic missionary and a director of an industrial school. Correspondence with reference to these positions should be directed at present to the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America.

From Porto Rico a large number of evangelists will be drawn for the Dominican work. Rev. Philo W. Drury, who has been the secretary of the interdenominational work in Porto Rico has been given leave of absence to open up the work in Santo Domingo. He is now on the ground, accompanied by two Porto Rican evangelisis. These evangelists will get into contact with the evangelicals who have gone in considerable number from Portc! Rico, organize groups and gradually open stations in other citIes and towns.

For all of these years the Dominicans have been exploited both by their own upper classes and by foreigners. The Church has done nothing for the common people. There is, therefore~ t4e greatest suspicion both of foreigners and of religion. If the Dominicans are to be won they must be persuaded that it is a program of service for them, and not a way of exploiting them to build up some foreign organization, either political or religious. This united practical program which the American mission boards are planning is' one of the most interesting experiments ever made in the history of missions. There are many difficulties in the way of its accomplishment but the leaders of the movement believe that these difficulties should not deter them from at least trying out in this little bit of the world a new pregram of unity, service and spiritual idealism.

THE POWER OF PRAYER "We are in the greatest need of help in what I believe in my inmo~t soul is the most important thing, next to prayer itself, that we ever have to do, and that is the enlisting of men in the exercise of real prayer. The Chu.rch has not yet discovered, still less begnn to realize, the limit- less possibilities of intercession. Every other consideration and plan and emphasis is secondary to that of wielding the forces of prayer."

TBJ!; SUNDAY SCHOOL CONVE;NTION ASSE;MBLE;D IN THE; IMPE;RIAL THE;ATE;R

At the Sunday School Convention, Tokyo BY FRANK L. BROWN, LL. D.

General Secretary.of the World's Sunday School Association WEARE too close to the World's Sunday School Convention . at Tokyo to measure its full effects, but many leaders, both Christian and non-Christian, have testified to the helpful fea- tures that justified the expenditure of time, money and effort.

After months of patient preparation, the Convention building stood ready to receive the delegates. In sixty days the great hall, seating 3000 people, had been constructed. Back of the platform was an ellipse within which were two worlds, united by a Bible and above the Bible a dove. Around the ellipse in electric letters. in English and Japanese, was the Convention text: "I am the Light of the World." The Executive Com;mittee was in session in a nearby hotel, making final plans when at four o'clock, three hours before the first session of the Convention, word came that the Convention building was burned to the ground. The Naval Orchestra and six hundred members of the chorus were rehearsing when the fire started, but in the mercy of God all those in the building escaped.

The Executive Committee and many Japanese leaders imme- diately assembled and W. G. Landis of Pennsylvania starteq the S3

hymn "How Firm a Foundation," then, "When through Fiery Trials He calls thee to Go." We joined in prayer, and, "after the 'fire" came the "still small voice," showing that God was near.

In a few moments arrangements had been made to open meetings at the Y; M. C. A. and the Salvation Army Hall. Two hours later the Convention opened with enthusiasm on schedule time, and every seat filled. .

On the second day of the Convention the beautiful Imperial 'l'heater was rented for the use of the delegates. It seated 2500 and provided for a chorus of 600, and full pageant effects. On the second morning after the fire, the 2000 delegates from thirty differ- ent fields assembled in a building as well adapted to their needs as was the one which had been destroyed.

Day by day the interest intensified. Leaders from every con- tinent spoke on the Convention themes-"World Progress of the Sunday School," "Jesus Christ, the World's Redeemer," "The Bible the World's Text Book," "The Christian Heritage of the Child,"

"The Sunday School and Education," "The Sunday School and Evangelism/' "The Sunday School and the Community," "The Sunday School and National Life," and "The Sunday School and the New W orId. "

Each morning at 8 :30 Dr. W. E. Biederwolf led a World Fel- lowship Prayer and Testimony Service. Then Prof. Smith' con- ducted a song service attuned to the day's theme. Two addresses followed and at 11 :30 each day Bishop Welch presented one of a series of devotional addresses. These with the other addresses will be made a part of the Convention report.

Four great pageants which engaged 500 people were produced by the Christian schools of Yokohama and Tokyo under the guid- ance of Prof. H. Augustine Smith of Boston University. These covered the subjects "from Bethlehem to Tokyo"; "The Rights of the Child"; "The City Beautiful" and "The Court of Qhristianity."

Among the prominent leaders preilent at various sessions were the Minister of For-eign and Home Affairs, the Minister of Finance, the Charge d'Affairs of the American Embassy, Baron Mitsui and Baron Sakatani, Professors in the Imperial University. On the- last evening.of the Convention, after a message from the Emperor of Japan, Bishop Lambuth gave a message on "Christian Brother- hood, the World's Best Bond." Miss Margaret Slattery gave. the closing message on "The Ever Present Christ-the Hope of thf'

New World." Marion Lawrance, the presiding officer~asked all to join hands while a song of consecration was sung, and the Conven- tion closed with prayer.

Forty thollsand attended the exhibit of Sunday School equip- ment and methods at the Y. M. C. A., and thirty-four thousand w~re -present at the fifty-one Extension Meetings -held at schools,

THE SUNDAY SCHOOL CONVENTION TOKYO

universities and churches throughout Tokyo. Thirty conferences were addressed by a hundred specialists on Sunday School methods.

Both before and after' the Convention delegates addressed gather- ings in the large cities and out of the way places in Japan, covering some fifty centers, and it is hoped that many new opportunities of service will result. The recognition of the Convention by the educational anthorities will remove one of the hindrances to the spread of Sunday School work in Japan.

One of the interesting services of the Convention was the morn- ing when $40,000 was raised for the W orId 's Sunday School budget of $96,000, to finance a forward movement in Japan. Korea, China, the Philippines, South America and the Moslem field. It was in- deed a service of worship in giying. The Japanese delegates gave over 7000 yen for the work in Japan. Beyond this appeal is the need of India, Australia, South Africa and Europe. Representa- tives of the British section of the Executive Committee presented the unanimous request of the British section that hereafter the administration of the entire world field be centered in New York under the American Committee.

This will mean a new financial and administrative responsibil- ity for America, for which new resources must be obtained. The Executive Committee was en- larged to meet the new situation, and a number of strong business CHRIST AND THE WORLD'S CHILDREN men were added.

c;;;ll~i:ntfotl~h~~, Te~k~~~dst~~rd Y~~t So~~~tle t~~h~~~l_ Rio de Janeiro, Manila, Mex- d~~tt:~~e:atl~'e h~tJl '~~s th~lt~~~:c3a;Yth~h~o~~~n~~:;; i(~o City, Glasgo"v and Athens, opened. have each extended invitations for the W orId 's Convention in 1924. The decision will be made by the Executive Committee after consideration of the special needs of each field. If the Tokyo Convention is to mark a new epoch in Sunday School history, the coming four years must place a new emphasis upon the educational and evangelistic work of the Sun- day School and so must begin a new era in building up the Kingdom of God.

~}"M_,B, B S T ~ METH…O.""D._mS"• • •

"du d ••• E. MRS. C. CRONK, EDITOR, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK WHY NOT HAVE SUCCESSFUL CONVENTIONS "This convention is costing $250 a minute" was the statement • posted at a recent meeting. It automatically called the speakers to brevity and the elimination of useless discussion. The smallest con- ventions are expensive when we consider the amount expended for travel and for entertainment, and the loss of time from usual occupa- tions.

The speaker who arises to announce "I have nothing in particular to say" and forthwith furnishes real evidence to sustain the truth of his statement has, should his audience consist of one thousand people, wasted in one minute over fifteen hours of time.

If it is worth while to have conventions at all why not make them worth while. Successful conventions do not just happen, neither do those that are unsuccessful.

Why One Convention Failed when a number of delegates arrived in the midst of the President's address, 1. A hurried, postponed meeting of there was such a great 'con1motion that the program committee was called at a many could not hear what the presilate date and a hastily scrambled pro- dent said. gram was prepared. 6. With unfailing regularity the 2. Notices were sent to the church presiding officer arrived late for the papers and magazines too late to be sessions; like a train off of schedule printed in time to reach the delegates. the program was further and further behind at each stop and all the meet- 3. Most of the program announce- ings were pervaded by a sense of ments and instructions to delegates hurry. were mailed too late to reach those 7. Committee meetings were schedliving at a distance. uled before each session and ran over 4. No instructions or suggestions time so that the officers and many of the delegates were seldom present at had been furnished to the members of the devotional services. the congregation which was entertaining the convention, and no clear no- 8. Noone gave special thought to tices were sent to delegates about no- periods of worship and intercession. tification of time of arrival. When the Just before the sessions began some delegates arrived there was general one was asked to "open the meeting." confusion. A weary missionary who was to give the first address sat in the 9. Suggestions as to the music were station three hours while the commit- not sent by the program committee, tee worked out assignments. He might so that the selections made by the choir have had three hours rest if enter- were inappropriate. After a stirring tainment plans had been carefully address on "Facing the Facts and the Field" the choir sang soulfully "Oh made. that I had the wings of a dove that I 5. The time of the opening session might flyaway and be at rest."

had been planned without reference to 10. For one evening a special musi. train schedules. The convention began with only a few delegates and 56 cal program of long and unrelated se- ed to notify the entertaining congre- lections had beeh arranged. The or- gation that tables would be needed for ganist being ten minutes late and the a literature exhibit. On the last day contralto five minutes later the pro- the literature was opened and laid on gram began fifteen minutes off sched- a pew, the charts that were meant for ule. A delegate, who had been asked the walls being stacked in a corner.

to make a brief statement, read a long 15. When some of the most im- and involved paper which took thirty portant actions were taken, almost half minutes instead of ten. The pastor of the members were absent attending who was asked to introduce the speak- various committee meetings.

er took fifteen minutes to present some 16. No definite time of closing the o(the choicest gems from his previous sessions was announced so that each Sunday's sermons. Announcements day the meetings just "oozed out."

tpok ten minutes. As the clock point- 17. The last session was scheduled ed to the hour of ten the missionary without any thought of trains. In the who had been brought half way across midst Iilf what should have been tl:te the continent to speak at that meeting greatest inspirational address of the sadly arose. As the program had convention confusion reigned as one lengthened he had been meditating delegate after another slipped over to which parts of his address could be leave a parting message with some left out and one by one had thrown friend and to colle.ct various personal them out of his mental window until belongings preparatory to a hasty de- but a skeleton remained. parture.

11. The convention was held in a 18. The pastor's wife spent many city with very attractive stores and days collecting and sending the various many delegates' badges were seen hov- packages of literature and exhibits of ering over bargain counters during sundry departments and committees convention hours. who asked whether she "would mind"

12. The women of the local church having these things packed and mailed served lunches every day and dinner to them as they did not have a chance every; evening. They had invited the to attend to them.

convention with an impression it would mean much to the local church Why Another Convention Succeeded as well as' to the church at large, but 1. The Program Committee called a they spent most ')f the convention meeting immediately after the ad- hours cooking and washing dishes and journment of their convention to plan were worn to a frazzle when the con- for the meeting next year. While the vention adjourned. failures and successes of the meeting 13. A tour of the city was arranged which had just closed were fresh in for delegates one afternoon at three- their minds they considered what to thirty o'clock. Promptly at three a include and what to avoid for the com- succession of messengers began to go ing meeting.

up the aisle to ask the president in 2. They secured special speakerc loud disconcerting whispers how many early in the year, consulting mission would go and how long before they Boards so that their convention would would be ready to start. The warn- be included in the itineraries of fur- ings were supplemented by the loughed missionaries.

thoughtless blowing of horns of cars 3. They planned the opening and that waited outside. Sundry automo- closing services with reference to train bile owners also strode impatiently schedules and included in notices to· back and forth through the vestibule delegates a request to arrive in time and peered through the doors at the for the first session and remain until speaker who was laboring valiantly after the last.

and ineffectually to hold her audience. 4. Full instructions to delegates 14. The convention committee fail- were mailed several we,,"L,' :.1 advance.

They included name and address of tion so that their plans and reports h03tess or hotel and definite instruc- were ready and they .;ould attend the tions as to what delegates were to do sessions. Two hours one morning on arrival; also information as to were scheduled for committee meet- ings so that they might meet unhurwhat a good delegate should do at the riedly without taking delegates away convention. from the business sessions. Delegates not on committees were invited to ex- 5. Full instructions prepared by amine literature and exhibits at this convention officers and program com- time or hold group conferences. mittee in consultation were sent to the entertainment committee, so that they 9. Each hostess was notified as to understood fully just what they were who her guests would be. A copy of expected to furnish in the way of the program was sent with an urgent equipment, entertainment, music, etc. request that meals should be served so Many of these details were agreed up- as to permit delegates to be on time. on by letter or in a meeting of the president, the chairman of the pro- 10. So that none of the women of gram committee and the chairman of the entertaining church would have to the local entertainment committee. miss the meetings, luncheons and din- '''!hen the convention opened, the walls ners were served at cost by women of were effectively decorated with charts, a nearby church of another denominathe literature and other displays were tion with the tinderstanding that a simin readiness and there was a restful ilar courtesy would be extended by atmosphere of preparedness to wel- them when the sister church was encome the delegates, tertammg. This gave a refreshing outing of several blocks and enabled 6. An official timekeeper was ap- both hostesses and guests to attend all pointed. She saw that every session the meetings. began on time and called time on the speakers with unfailing courtesy and 11 "Traffic Policemen" were appointfirmness. There was no extension ex- ed to direct the comings and goings. cept by vote of the convention. The Noone was allowed to stand in the president reminded each speaker as rear. of the church and talk during he or she came to the platform "You sessIOns. have-minutes." The program as scheduled had allowed ample time for 12. A good publicity committee was discussion and. business. appointed with one or two local mem- bers. They began several months in 7. One leader was in charge of all advance to secure photographs of the devotional periods with the under- leaders and speakers and interesting standing that she should work out a facts about the meetings for the loharmonious plan and ask others to cal papers. They asked papers to take part. There was an inspirational send a reporter each day and were thought and a period of intercession at ready to give him at the hour desig- nated strong excerpts from addresses the beginning and also at the close of and statements of important actions each session. A definite time was set taken. They arranged for interviews for closing and no matter what was up with missionaries. They prepared a for discussion the leader of the inter- report of the convention and had it cession period came forward promptly mimeographed so that every delegate unless there was a vote to extend the could take it home for publication in time. A call to prayer was sent with the county or township paper. the. committee's announcement to deleg-ates. A blackboard in the front 13. A statement was made of the of the auditorium was reserved for things each delegate could do to make announcements from day to day of her attendance worth while to her conspecial objects for prayer. stituency. She was given a note book ana pencil and an outline for report 8. The Executive Board and stand- to be made to her local society. Up ing committees held their meetings to date bulletins were posted from several days in advance of the conven-

BEST

time to time giving facts on such items at home. There in a few moments of meditation and supplication every as the following: – woman saw again the hands that bore the nail prints, the side that was Number of delegates in attendance. pierced, and looked into that bles3ed Number of societies represented. thorn-crowned Face and in HIS name Total gifts of the year. came to the Father for strength and Comparison with gifts for past five years. wisdom to go forth to the work of tlie Largest amount contributed by any so- coming year.

ciety. THE SUCCESS OF CONVENTION PRE- Largest per capita amount. Goal set for next year. PAREDNESS Number of young people's societies. Number of junior societies. By REV. F. H. KNUBEL, D. D., Facts about each department. President of the United Lutheran Speakers present. Interesting personalities. Church in America Best quotations from addresses. Important actions taken. The difficult task 0.£ presiding over the Advance work planned. recent national convention of the United Date and plac:e of next meeting. Lutheran Church in America, representing nearly one million members, was so suc- A "Wall Program Committee" had cessfully accomplished that every conclusion reached, whether on principle or practice, charge of the making and posting of was practically unanimous. This makes these bulletins. They were made the convention suggestions of President Knubel of more than usual interest. quickly and simply on manila paper. The best guarantee for successful This committee had charge of the wall conventions is found in advance prepspace for the entire convention and aration along seven lines: gave constant and ever changing dem- 1. A presiding officer who has stud- ied carefully every detail of the busionstration of wall possibilities in maps, ness to be covered with all of the pos- sible bearings; who has also had comcharts, pictures and exhibits. plete conference with his cabinet of 14. As the meeting was held in a advisers so that they have a full and sympathetic understanding of all the city, most of the delegates were anx- problems that are to be met and are ious to visit points of interest. Antici- prepared to discuss them in the con- vention. Even though he be possessed pating this the committee arranged an of greatest wisdom a president who had not taken his cabinet into his automobile trip announcing that cars counsels is powerless, inasmuch as he can only make suggestions from the would start at five-thirty o'clock to chair and can take no part in the dis- cussions without caIling some one else the minute. On the day before those to preside. who wanted to go on the tour were 2. A keynote or prevailing tone or asked to hand their names to the chair- spirit for the convention, which brings clearly to all who are present the imman of committee. Cars were pro- portance of the work to be done. The vided in sufficient number without announcement of the convention should sound this keynote. Calls for confusion, and delegates were back at prayer should be issued. A speaker should be chosen who will open the the church in time for dinner. convention with a formal or an in- formal address which will sound for 15. Special announcement of the the entire meeting a keynote of an intime for the closing session had been made and all the delegates urged to be present. There was an atmosphere of hurry and restlessness 'as the convention drew near the close. A num- ber of delegates had felt they must rush out. The president lifted her hand and called for order. The organ sounded a chord and a rich contralto voice sang "When I survey the wondrous Cross." It was as if the Master had as of old, touched a hot brow "and the fever left her."

Very quietly and earnestly the con- vention was led to Calvary ere the delegates went back to face the tasks

tensely spiritual character. Levity 5. Many sessions have been wrecked during the meetings should be discour- on the rocks of ill advised general reso- aged. A hearty good humor may per- lutions, introduced by individual dele- vade all the sessions without the levity gates and setting forth personal hob- that dissipates' effective work. bies. A sifting committee to whom all 3. A prepared program means more such resolutions must be referred and than is usually recognized. The very with whom they must be discussed artangement of the program should be will obviate many difficulties. The educational as to the fundamental aims right of a delegate to insist upon the of the organization. It 3hould in it- presentation of his resolution must, self reveal these aims. The depart- however, never be denied. ments of the organization, whereby the aims are carried out, should enter 6. When a convention becomes dan- into the program in an orderly way. gerously heated in discussion, the best recourse is a suggestion from the chair 4. In many conventions delegates for reference to a special committee. act on reports of which they have no Misunderstandings have always enadequate comprehension. All import- tered into such debates.. A fairly apant reports of departments, boards and pointed committee, including all inter- committees should be printed in ad" ests and individuals especially con- vance and mailed to delegates so they cerned, can far better continue the may 3tudy them carefully. The cost discussion and clear up the misunderof this is far less than the cost to the standings than can a large conven-. convention of the time of its delegates tion. . Such committees frequently to sit through the reading of long re- bring in unanimous reports. The sugports. The aggregate cost of a na- gestion from the chair that unless tional convention is many dollars a there be special reason for continuing minute. If reports are sent out in ad- the debate, the committee's report devance the officers of departments can serves adoption, generally produces an stres3 vital points in reports in a few approving vote. ·minutes and present them for discussion and action. Where committees are considering matters of great importance it is well that they announce to the convention 5. The floor of the convention may a certain time (outside of the regular be kept comparatively clear of rou- hours for sessions) when the commit- tine business. By the hour set for the tee will hear any delegates who wish opening all delegates should be en- to appear before them. This privilege rolled in such a way that a committee should be stressed. It save.:; lengthy can report the roll call without loss of debate before the Convention when time from the convention ses3ion. the committee's report is brought in.

Balloting which is always a disor- The committee's report comes more ganizing influence may be kept out of truly to include the sense of the entire the regular sessions. A nominating gathering. committee may report on a given day, 7. It seems scarcely necessary to the opportunity being given for ad- conclude that strict parliamentary ditional nominations from the. floor, practice helps any gathering (aside when constitutional. Arrangement from very small ones) to a more exmay be made to immediately print the peditious and fairer conduct of its ballots. The following morning before business.

the session, by a prearranged and an- Convention Dynamos nounced plan, delegates may receive their ballots. The voting. may take By 'V. E. DOUGHTY place during the noon recess at polls Possibly no man in America has led mor;!

in charge of tellers in rooms adjoining Conventions in their intercession than Dr. Doughty. He has also led many thousands the auditorium, reports of election be- of people into a life of intercession. ing made by the tellers before close of the afternoon session. Of the holding of conventions. there

BEST METHODS

is no end. Some might better never participate in the program urging the be held. Some are drab and colorless importance of this matter, naming the and neutral in their effect. Others other speakers and asking each to pray help mightily to bring in the Kingdom for all the others by name each day of God. will help tremendously.

Conventions that are different are Next to Committee and speakers, it usually the result of one or all of three is of the utmost importance to enlist factors: as many delegates as possible as prayer helpers. A brief, definite, simple, Either there is an unusual occasion or carefully prepared and attractively objective which of itself compels popular attention and interest, printed card or folder calling for Or there is originality and initiative in prayer should be sent with each invi- tation. If the prayer call goes to all arranging for striking features, who are invited many who may not at- Or there is the right kind of spiritual tend will pray for the meetings. If delegates' credentials or registration preparation. cards are issued, certainly some prayer reminder should be sent with these If we always waited for the first credentials. factor not many conventions would be held. The second factor is some- A card with appropriate suggestimes absent because the human ma- tions on it sent a few days previous terial is lacking in quality. In the to the opening of the convention for thin:llies the. hope of those indispens- use on the journey to the place of able gatherings of God's people which meeting, will stimulate interest and must frequently be held to create and make intercession more vital. sustain interest in the great projects of the Kingdom, to give fresh in- One of the most powerful meetings formation to the workers and to in- the writer has attended was made up spire with new courage and zeal all of only four hundred delegates but those who attend. more than sixty thousand persons had been invited by personal letter to pray How shall power be generated to for the meeting. make our conventions grip the hearts and challenge the wills of the people? There is no human force like prayer to set the dynamos going, to charge the II DURING THE CONVENTION batteries which run all the mechanism Much of the spiritual power of a of the Kingdom. meeting depends upon the chairman.

I BE;FORE; THE; CONVENTION Plans should be made for a quiet, un- Success begins long before the first hurried time of prayer just before the session is held, in the Committee that convention, when the chairman, speak- has charge of the preparations. If ers and perhaps the Convention Com- the chairman and his associates are mittee can meet to make their final keenly conscious of the fact that preparation in prayer for the meetings.

prayer is the supreme human prepara- Breakfast together for this same tion, the first victory is won. They group each day in some quiet place for will then put prayer into the selection conference and prayer will greatly of the 3peak~rs, the preparation of the add to the unity and power of the Con· printed matter, the publicity, the mak- vention.

ing of the local arrangements and all If those who have the management other details. Much depends on the of the Convention in charge are keenly chairman and many a convention is sensitive to the spiritual forces at doomed before the date for the meet- work, those moments of special in- ing arrives because of prayerless com- terest in the meeting will be taken ad- mittee meetings and because other vantage of to guide the prayer life of secondary things are given first place. the whole Convention into deep and From the Committee this spirit of definite channels.

prayer must spread to the speakers. A Often the use of a map as a prayer personal letter to each one who is to guide, or suggestions placed on a bulle-

tin board will focus attention and help he hears the names-Silver Bay!

to produce the right spirit. Geneva! Seabeck! Blue Ridge! Estes The devotional periods should be Park! Asilomar! Eaglesmere ! Maqua!

most carefully planned and should These names are crowded with young contribute definitely to the thought as life and fun and idealism, and the well as to the devotion of the Con- burning vision of youthful prophets of vention. a new day for the Kingdom of III AFTER THE CONVENTION Heaven. Why these beautiful re- treats? Why are their names so burstc What happens the day after is the ing with the accumulated spiritual true test of the vitality of a Conven- power of the youth of this generation? tion. It is frequently. true that our Young life is never static. It is full of conventions are well worked up but movement, of ebb and flow, of hunger no.t well followed up. Sometimes like and searching, of experimenting and the Mississippi River steam boat, they discarding. Where may it find· satis- have so little power or such a big faction? All through the year, but es- whistle that when the whistle is blown pecially at summer conferences the the boat stops running. Weare great quest for personality goes on. How at getting the ship ready to sail but may one get it-how find release from too often there is no one at the dock innumerable inhibitions-how get full to unload the cargo when the ship ar- self-expression? This quest is none the less keen because it may be un- rives. conscious. And it is particularly true A message for the homeward way of women students today who in the long past of their sex have be~n given to each delegate at the clos~ng weighted down with so many shackles. session or as they leave the ConventIOn Even the young woman who does not City will often fix and deepen the outwardly wear the label of "feminist" impressions made. is striving diligently to separate the inherently womanly from the conven- Prayer and praise and service sug- tional feminine. Then, too, there is a gestions sent by mail to each delegate small group who "just follow the with a personal letter would often crowd." But all are seeking, all are multiply many fold the practical and hungry-nor are they unwilling to ap- permanent value of the Convention. ply the pragmatic test to the atmos- • Finally, Conventions that "begin, phere and the areas of thinking into which th(;y find themselves at con- continue and end" in prayer will be ferences. Conference Departments charged with a dynamic which will leave the world permanently enriched and refreshed because they have been held.

IN THE VANGUARD OF ONE'S have tasks which angels might covet. For such departments the "unpardon- GENERATION able sin" is not to be aware of the cur- rents, the rapids, the whirlpools, the By MARGARET FLENNIKEN backwash, the ebb and flow of young life in today's generation. Not to Miss Flenniken is Secretary in cwha.rgCe. of the Student Conferences of the Y. A.

Why Student Conferences know this spells inevit~ble, hopeless The word "duffle bag" fills one with failure.

a peculiar sense of joy. Before one's II Who Comes eyes begin to· rise wooded hills, and Those who have had tnuch expersteep mountains with enticing by- ience say in assembling one's wardrobe paths, cool, rushing brooks, streams for a conference take all you have so and rivers full of fish, canoeing-and as to be ready for a whole year's what not. range of temperature crowded into ten In like measure, not only the lover days. This observation has proved of out-of-doors, and the good comrade true-especially noted by those who but the person of a mYEtical sense, happened to bring summer apparel begins to have a feeling of elation as only.

In like measur~, leaders of a con- only raison d' eire is to release the ference must come with plastic souls, spiritual dynamic resident in the lives ready to adjust to each separate indi- of young· women. The "nots" are vidual, to understand widely, to hold good enough in their place, but they innumerable keys which unlock all become vitiating elements. when they kinds of hearts. Sometimes one finds get in the way of the release of spirit- the atmosphere fixed-countenances ual power. Many conferences teach, fixed, forms fixed, and in such con- and inform, and make happy; but the ferences hearts remain unlocked. conference which succeeds, releases the power of the Risen Christ in its There is always the "Holiday delegates. Then the leadership is not Group." The call of the out-of-doors, a fixed idea, or a fixed program, or a and the crowd, and the reduced fare fixed method, but the spirit of Christ ticket, have proved their undoing. It Himself. seems a glorious opportunity to play. A "fixed" conference finds such a IV. What Happens group a great annoyance-an "under- Many things happen in conferences standing" conference helps them to -some of them coming out of what . play right into the Kingdom of God. conferences ought not to be. Then only the lower level is achieved. Delegates There also come "the lame, the halt who go home only informed or only and the blind," who, as 'yet, ~an pleased, will not turn the world up- scarcely be included in the "leader- side down. But delegates who have ship" of the generation; but whose been released from their old ideas, need is great, and whose potentialities their hoary prejudices, and from them- may be great. Kind hands, under- selves, do make a different world. standing hearts, a patient faith must One looks out on the world through be available here. wholly different eyes-all one's ten- dencies to acquisitiveness is trans- There is also the minority of pro- formed into eagerness to serve. One phetic souls struggling for a voice, or seeks to cooperate where formerly he perhaps l;1cerated cruelly by an idea hindered; one gets the perspective of which they are sure would build the the Cross on life and all its relation- Kingdom of God, but which seems too ships. radical, or perhaps absurd to the lead- The prize song at Silver Bay this ers. summer states what young women themselves conceive conferences to be. III Times of Release Let us beware lest we build at cross Various grown-ups· have defined purposes with their ideal. To live conferences in terms of many things. thus is to be in the vanguard of one's So far as I know, the students, them- generation. selves, have never given their own defi- nition. If secured, I am sure it would To the Knights in the days of old, be illuminating. There are certain Keeping watch on the mountain heights, things which it would seem con- Came a vision of Holy Grail ferences primarily are not, as wel1 as And a voice through the waiting night. certain things which they primarily Follow, follow, follow the gleam are, or should be. Banners· unfurled o'er all the world. Follow, follow, follow the gleam 1. They are not primarily hunting Of the chalice that is the Grail. grounds for recruiting agencies. And we who would serve the King, 2. The main objective is not to achieve a Keeping watch here at Silver Bay, smooth, ball-bearing running of machinery. In the consecrate silence know That the chalIenge still holds today. 3. To supply and use up a large "inter- Follow, follow, follow the gleam view capacity" is not the first consideration. Standards of worth o'er all the earth, .Spiritual values cannot be thus measured. Follow, follow, follow the gleam Of the light that shall bring the dawn. Stated primarily in terms of women, I would say that a conference is SU" preme1y a spiritual fellowship, whose

Woman; s Home Mission

EDITED BY FI.,ORENCE E. QUINI.,AN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK DAY OF PRAYER FOR MISSIONS nouncements at meetings and gather- February 18, 1921 ings, religious, civic and social. Use your pen and telephone to invite "0 Word of God, Incarnate" is friends, acquaintances and neighbors the basis for the program prepared by from near and far to the meeting to be a joint committee of the Federation of held February 18. And above all Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions pray! Begin now to pray. Use the and the Council of Women for Home prayer card and pray daily that God Missions for observance of the Day may open the doors of Heaven and of Prayer for Missions, February 18, pour out His Spirit. "The supplica- 1921. This program will be found to tion of a righteous man availeth much link readily with both Foreign and in rts working." "Pray yeo therefore." Home study books, "The Bible and Missions" and "The Church and the COMMUNITY WORK FOR WOMEN Community." It is now ready and may BY ROLVIX HARLAN be obtained at $1.50 per 100 from denominational Women's Board head- Secretary, Social Service and Rural Com- munity Work, American Baptist Home quarters. Mission Society A card with prayer suggestions has also been issued by the Federation and It is not necessary nor always wise Council and is obtainable, free, at the to distinguish between responsibilities same headquarters. This card fits and tasks which belong to men and to an ordinary correspondence envelope women. In most work for the wel- and is intended for wide preliminary fare of the community· all Christians- distribution in preparation for the Day in fact all citizens-regardless of sex, of Prayer. The use of a similar card should be interested and should co- last year was found to be fraught with operate according to the measure of great blessing. their strength and opportunity. How- Until last February separate Days ever, from the standpoint of their or- of Prayer for Home and for Foreign ganized religious work, whether as Missions were observed each year. mission boards or local societies, wom- By action of the Federation and the en have a peculiar responsibility to Council a special Friday in Lent has the community and a splendid op- been set aside for the annual united portunity for service.

interdenominational observance of the The first thing any community needs Day of Prayer for Missions and last is to become self-conscious. Note the year witnessed the first of these united analogy of the adolescent boy or girl- observances. how they become conscious and spruce If no one has taken the initiative in up. Nature partly takes care of this your community toward planning for matter of becoming self-conscious for this Day of Prayer, will you not call the individual. Not altogether, how- together before January 15 the women ever, for education and varied social leaders of the various denominations contacts are greatly needed. Then and formulate plans? Do not forget note the desire on the part of the youth to use all the publicity opportunities; to appear well, to please, to serve. So such as church bulletins, pulpit no- with a community. It must become tices, local press items, posters, an- self-conscious or it will remain shab- 64 by, squalid, satisfied with what is in- cooperation with whatever welfare ferior, and be an unfavorable factor in agencies that are found working in the national life. Knowledge of the the county, will give a new sense of facts about the community, its institu- worthwhileness and render a reaJ sertions and the relation of the factors in vice. The forces of good represented its life, is necessary; together with an in the woman's society can get back interpretation of these facts in the of wholesome recreation and a high light of Christian principles and the grade lecture and entertainment experience of other communities. A course. They can cooperate with the woman's missionary society can be one extell3ion work of the University in of the chief agencies in bringing a domestic economy. They can even rural community to 5elf-consciousness start lines of service of their own. A and in helping to quicken the social Wee Folks Band for mothers and conscience of the community. The young children, meeting monthly, can women have their study classes and take up matters pertaining to the care groups and thus far have been better and health of young children. Health able to maintain consecutive study and good sanitation campaigns can be than have groups of men. Why not led by this consecrated group of provide through the study class, for women. The community diagnosis part of the year, a diagnosis of the will show the things which need to be community it5elf-not some far away pagan or frontier community, but their done. own, the one right at home? Why A concrete illustration of what a not have a committee to make the study? Send to the Federal Council woman's organization can do to quickof Churches, 105 East 22d Street, en a community and be of service lo- New York, N. Y., for pamphlet, cally is that of the women of the "What Every Church Should Know church at Honey Creek, WisconsIn. About Its Community." Let the study They felt the need for high-class enof the community cover questions of tertainments and educational extenpopulation, charting the facts showing sion work for their little hamlet and proportion of nationalities, sexes, countryside and started a lyceum ages, and social groups, showing in- course. It was a success from the first crease or decrease of population in the and established high ideals of what last three decades, etc. Let the study such a course should be by bringing cover Education, Recreation, Health, in only the best. The growing sense Housing, Road Conditions, Marketing of need for a building better adapted Conditions, with charts to lift out the than the church for such a' course and facts and thus give information in for various social gatherings, led to graphic form. Present and interpret the idea of a Community House and these facts to the women. the women took the lead, enlisted the interest of practically the entire com- Such a close-up study of the com- munity, and a house was built. It is munity along with presentation of the under the control of the trustees of the social ideals of Jesus and concrete church and is utilized for educational facts as to what other communitie3 are and social purposes-institutes, dradoing, will be of great value. The matics, entertainments, commencecommunitY'will become self-conscious ments and all occasional community and will develop a conscience. gatherings.

But the Woman's Missionary So- The women could take the initiative ciety ne~d not stop with study, as val- in having placed in the village or uable as that is. Whatever definite county seat library, books on Rural thing needs to be done in the way of service or cooperation with other agen~ Life, on the Rural Church, and the bulletins dealing with community acdes should be undertaken cautiously, tivities sent out by the government and but patiently and persistently. Hearty the univer3ities.

Varied activities of groups of wom-

en which could be adapted to a mis- ment where children and parents can sionary society are presented by Pro- play together. J. fessor *C. Galpin in his bqok, "Rural Supply volunteer helpers to the Life." A committee of the society community's recreation agencies.

could investigate by correspondence Help to organize and promote play the activities therein presented and in the streets.'

adapt such of them as are practical Provide tennis courts and baseball and needed in their own community diamonds.

and add them to the program of their Arrange with the city authorities for society. sidewalks in certain blocks to be open Many local societies could begin a for roller skating or coasting.

modest program of activities, but have Promote church athletics, baseball, no money. There is a suggestion in basketball, volley ball leagues and offer Dr. Agar's book on church methods, a banner or prize for the best athletic "Help These W omen,"tthat a sum be club.

set aside in the local church budget, to Maintain boating, yachting and fish- finance the community activities which ing clubs in the vicinity adjacent to belong distinctively to the women, and navigable water.

that these activities be given the rec- Arrange for summer camps and ognition and have the dignity of real camping trips.

church work. Plan tramping trips under the right To summarize: The women of a guidance and din;ction for groups of village or rural community may well different ages in the church.

undertake the task of awakening the Secure a lease upon a vacant lot community through a careful .study in the community and provide the and presentation of the facts which means and direction to the young peo- most need the attention of church ple for gardening.

women; they can cooperate in and Provide an adequate program for through existing welfare agencies, and the various. holiday celebrations by they can begin with an inexpensive, pageants, entertainments, picnics and but needed program of activities and such other exercises as appeal to the grow in experience and influence. good judgment of the church.

Cooperate in promoting the Boy SUGGESTIONS FOR ANY WIDE- Scout activities, paying special atten- AWAKE CHURCH tion to the social, fraternal features of By HENRY A. ATKINSON the work.

General Secretary, The Church Peace Organize and maintain· Camp Fire groups for girls. . Union Help to provide some form of recre- Equip one or more rooms m the ation for the community on Sunday church which shall be open to the afternoons.

various clubs in the community for Urge, work for and demand in the club purposes. name of humanity the Saturday half- Install a pool table, a bowling alley holiday for all.

and tables for other games. Organize a group of baseball en- Organize a brass or string band to .thusiasts in the church, and together give free entertainments in the church. rent one of the largest boxe3 at the Assume responsibility for the teach- league baseball park. Let this be ing of wholesome games that may be known as the box belonging to the played in the home and outside of the church. Other organizations follow home, but in close connection with it, this plan and their members always sit providing hours and places of amU3e- together at the games. Why not the ~ed by Century Co. Inquire In the church?

the Public Library. From "The Church and the Peo- t Published by American Baptist Publication ple's Play" by Henry A. Atkinson, as Society, 1701 Chestnut St.. Philadelphia, Pa.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

reprinted in the August, 1920, issue of the churches will attract and, hold only "The Playground," published by the those young people who are securely Playground and Recreation Associa- bound to the church by their religious ti6m of America, I Madison Ave., New interest. • York, N. Y. Recreation for Children The churches will find it is not prac- SUGGESTIONS FOR THE DEVELOP- tical to any great· extent to plan ac- MENT OF RECREATIONAL AC- tive recreation in which the children TIVITIES IN THE CHURCH and adults would be expected to par- By L. A. HAr,B~RT ticipate together, although an occa- Recreational Committee sional picnic of that sort is successful. Special provision for the children of Each church should have a commit- the church must be made with activitee consider the recreational needs of ties adapted to the age and sex of the its constituents and decide what part children involved. Occasional play the church should play in meeting parties for the juniors and primary these needs. Such a committee should department can be had where the boys include representatives of such aux- and girls play together. Boys and iliary organizations as the Ladies' Aid girls from the ages of ten to fifteen Society, the Young Peoples' Society, should have their recreational achVlthe Sunday-school, etc. ties provided separately. The knowl- Recreation for Adults edge of children's games is not some- thing that comes by inspiration or that In the 'first place, the committee belongs to' almost everybody. It reshould consider socials or social gath- quires study and training to conduct erings intended to bring the church such events successfully. members together in social intercourse.

There is an art in conducting the pro- Drama and Pageant gram of such an event so that everybody will participate, and action, in- A few churches have successfully terest and laughter shall fill the even- dramatized and presented scenes and ing full. The Church' should take full stories from the Bible, sometimes with advantage of what has been learned in profound religious effect. Many the long experience of recreation lead- churches have given lighter dramatic ers and apply it to such events. They performances as a means of entertaincan occasionally· secure skilled leaders ment. A dramatics coach ·could give to come and personally conduct their the churches very substantial assistprograms. They may also send their ance along this line. Community song workers to training classes, which will leaders could be of material assistance teach them exactly how to conduct to choir leaders in ~maller .churches, and could render great service to insuch affairs. ter-church gatherings and conven- Recreation for Young People tions. Such conventions could be en- The church committee should con- riched with pageants portraying sider the recreation needs of its young achievements of the Church in mis- people and provide for frequent events sions, etc.

under the auspices of the young peo- By systematically developing a rec- ple's society of the church. There is reation program adapted to the differ- a great variety of musical games with ent groups and varied according to the action and rhythm in them which can season of the year, and by putting be used to compete successfully with their facilities at the disposal of the the attractions of social dances by entire community the churches will churches which do not approve that make a great contribution to the so,- form of recreation in connection with cial and recreational life of their comthe Church. Unless full advantage munities.

is taken of all that is known in these From Bulletin No. 51. Community Service (Incorporated), 1 Madison Ave.. New York, N. Y. lines, the social activities provided for

'Student Federation ier "transfer" tax. The

THIRTY-SEVEN nations· sent clearly neve-r intended to impose this delegates to the meeting of the hardship on missionaries, but since World's Student Christian Federa- the law is open to this interpretation, tion at St. Beatenberg, Switzerland, a determined effort should be made last summer. In future, the Federa- to incorporate in the tax laws some tion will work not only for the evan- such provision as the following: gelization of students, the promotion "An American citize'll commisof their spiritual culture, and their sioned by a missionary Board of any enlistment in the extension of the denomination in the United States, Kingdom of God at home and as a missionary, occupied in the disabroad, but also to bring students of charge of his duties, shall not be all countries into mutual understand- deemed to have abandoned his last ing and sympathy, and to lead them place of residence at the time he de- to realize that·the principles of Jesus parted from the United States, and Christ should rule in international his estate shall be entitled at his relationships, and, to endeavor by so death to any exemption to which it doing to draw the nations together. would be entitled had he died at such At this meeting the Federation clari- place of last residence."

fied its Christian basis by making the requirement that all controlling mem- "Open MeJIlbership" and the Disciples T bers have a vital, personal faith in HE attention of the international Disciples' Convention, October 19- Jesus Christ.

Although the organization is non- 24, centered on the question of mis- political, it is concerned with those sionary practice in China. Some moral conceptions and relations missionaries had written their home which determine whether the differ- board that church union in China ent nations shall live together in is imminent, and expressed the con- peace or in discord and strife. Pre- viction that Disciples should coop- eminently the duty of promoting fel- erate in the moveme'llt. This would lowship among nations falls upon involve exchange of membership Christians, and especially on Chris- among all missions. As the Disci- tian students. ples are immersionists, this proposal Christian Work. met vigorous opposition. Two days of discussion failed to bring unan- Missionaries and ….ax Laws imity, and the conservative element MR. HENRY W. JESSUP of scored a point in having a motion New York, a lawyer and the passed that missionaries be asked to son of the late Dr. Henry Jessup of resign if out of accord with the Syria, points out the' injustice to mis- Church's position against "open mem- sionaries in the anomalous interpreta- bership."

tion of the Federal and State tax laws. He cites the case of a mis- Christian Work for Orientals F sionary dying abroad and leaving a OUR serious obstacles to mis- sionary work among orientals small estate, mostly in Liberty Bonds. The United States Government re- are outlined by Dr. George L. Cady.

gards him as a non-resident, domi- These are: race prejudice, inadequate ciled abroad, and his estate therefore housing facilities, se<;tarian overlap- subject to Federal taxation. The ping and oriental vice. The last is State, however, argues that New YkJrk permitted to flaunt itself in most is his "home," his last place of resi- cities, with the knowledge and connidence in America, and lays th~ heav- vance of city authorities. If Amer- 68

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ican youth were being enticed in lain for twenry-six years, pleads for these dens they would probably be young Protestant ministers to enter closed, but no one appears to object the Navy as chaplains. Although the so long as it is only the "heathen government has made' provision for ~hinee" or the "Jap" who is de- 147 Navy chaplains, only 80 are at bauched. This attitude helps to ex- present in the service, and there is plain why Christianity makes slow not one application now before the headway among the orientals III Bo·ard. Of the eighty, fourteen are America. Roman Catholics. Thousands of young men are sailing the seas with- NORTH AMERICA out spiritual guidance.

Promoting International Brotherhood Rev. John T. Axton, Chaplain-in- THE Committee on Friendly Re- Chief of the United States Army, re- lations among Foreign Students ports that of the 2,200 army chapin America renders service impar- lains in the army during the war, 200 tially to men of every race and re- have been retained, with 19 denom- ligion in the following ways; inations. represented. He says that 1. Promote acquaintance and friendship there are 29 Protestant and 17 among students of alI races. Catholic vacancies.

2. Render prompt assistance of a prac- tical nature whenever needed. Home MIssions Monnment 3. Develop Christian character by bring- A MONUMENT in the suburbs of ing students from other lands into contact with pastors, Christian teachers, Bible . Sioux City, Iowa, erected by the discussion groups, etc. Presbyterian General Assembly, com- memorates a day more than fifty 4. Win students to positive Christian years ago when three young minisdecisions.

5. Give counsel and guidance regard- ing the choice of life work. . ters, Thomas H. Cleland, John C.

This college year has brought an Eniott and Sheldon Jackson knelt unusually fine group of students from on that hill and prayed God to send the Far Eas~; Japanese of liberal laborers to sow and reap a spiritual mind and Christian spirit, Chinese of harvest in all those vast regions maturiry and training, eight hundred beyond the Missouri, then unre- Filipino champions of the new nation- claimed. These three names on the alism, thoughtful East Indian stu- monument speak not only of prayers dents, eighty from Siam and a few offered, but of long lives devoted to Koreans. The Near East is repre- the fulfilment of their prayers. The sented by men from Egypt, Syria, memorial is a fitting counterpart of Turkey, Armenia and Greece. By the the foreign mission "haystack" monu- initiative of international commissions .ment at Williamstown, Mass.

many scholarship· students are com- ing from Belgium, France, Serbia Washington School of Mtssions F and Czecho-Slovakia. Fully five ROM November 8 to 12 four hundred and thirty men and hundred Russian students in America are in desperate need of friendly women attended a school for mis- help. Mexico, Central and South sionary instruction, held in Wash- America are represented by four ingt6n, D. C., under the auspices of thousand visiting students, while the Women's Ittl:erdenominational South Africa, Australia and New Missionary Union of the District of Zealand enter American fellowship Columbia. Twenty-one denomina- through their student class. tions were represented in the enrol- ment. The course was based on Army and Navy Chaplains Needed "The Bible and Missions," taught CAPT. John B. Frazier, acting- by Mrs. Wm. H. Farmer. Addres- Chaplain-in-chief of the United ses were also given on "Methods of States Navy who has served as chap- Work for Young People," by Mrs.

E. C. Cronk, and on "The Dedica- LATIN AMERICA tion of Life;' by Mrs. Emrick-Mrs. John Culbertson, a returned mission- "The New Democracy" ary from Siam, presided. "LA Nueva Democracia" is an evan- Syrians in America gelical monthly published in N e~ A MISSION for Syrians is con- York under the auspices of the ducted by the United Presbyter- Committee on Cooperation in Latin ian Chur0h in Fall River, Mass. America. It is printed in Spanish and its purpose is to reach the The nucleus of this mission is a educated Latin American and to group of Syrians who became mem- show that there is a Christian solubeTs of the Christian Church in their tion to all the problems of modern native land and are the fruits of the society. Among the topics covered labors of missionaries sent abroad by in leading articles during recent the American churches. months have been the following: Indians Seek Citizenship "Can Humanity Get Along Without God?" FEDERAL legislation to. grant "citizenship without reserv!ltion" "Dangers of Anti-Americanism." to members of their race was urged by the Society of American Indians "The Christian Solution of the Conflict at their ninth annual Conference, held of Races. in St. Louis last November. Every tribe in the United States is repre- "Real Pan Americanism." sented in this Society. Two of the principal measures which the Con- "Why Most Educated Men of South ference advocated were that full America are Not Religious." citizenship be granted all Indians born in the United States, and tftat "The Common Inheritance of the Two the conferring of citizenship shall Americas." entail no surrender of the tribal rights. Approximately 300,000 Indians, or "The Problem of Alcoholism in Chile." two-thirds the entire Indian population, are not now United States "Education of the Indian." citizens. The magazine has been warmly Episcopal Indian Missions commended by Latin Americans of prominence, including the presidents CANDIDATES for the ministry of Guatemala and of Salvador and are not lacking among the Sioux ;nany ambassadors of South Amer- Indians of the Dakotas and N e- Ica.

braska. Last September, five WeT!; The Bible in Porto Rican Schools ordained by Bishop Burleson of the MRS. E. R. Hildreth, whose hus- Protestant Episcopal Church. There band is head of the Presbyterian hospital in San Juan, has the· disare thirty ordained Indian clergy tinction of being the first person in Porto Rico to carry the Bible into among Sioux Indians, in addition to the public schools. After gaining the consent of the Department of Eduthe bishops and white clergymen. cation she made a schedule which enabled her to visit several schools Two thousand people attended their in San Juan every week, including the normal school and to read and annuall convocation in September, tell Bible stories to the pupils. She was surprised to find that the teachers when they brought over $8,000 as listened as attentively as the children, their annual offering. many of them confessing they had no idea the Bible was so full of Out of a total Indian population practical truth, and fascinating narraof about 25,000 in So. ·Dakota, one tives. Mrs. Hildreth's plan has made in five is a communicant of the Epis- it possible for thousands of children to hear the Gospel who would othercopal Church. Of the Oneidas in wise grow up in ignorance of it. Wisconsin, one in four is a com- municant.

The Living Church.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

A SuccesBful Buenos AireB MiBBion from the British National Associa- tion on the same ground some time A METHODIST Mission in the ago, is to federate with the new Alli- crowded, working class district ance, which it is hoped will become of Buenos Aires is open day and a power in carrying on spiritual and . night. It is at once church, charity evangelistic work among the young organization, employment bureau, or- women. It stands for the full inspiphanage and relief kitchen. The ration and authority of the Bible as Sunday-school has an average atten- . the Word of God, and seeks to win dance of three hundred, and the lives to the love and service of Christ. membership of the church is about the same. Fifty girls work in the The Christian. sewing classes, making garments for the destitute. Thirty-six other chil- OveneRS Work Continues dren receive musical instruction, and are organized into the Sunday-school No LESS than 615 American men Orchestra. and women are continuing the war-time activities of the Y. M. C. A. The expenses of the institution, in Europe. One branch of the work some six thousand dollars annually, is that for Chinese coolies retained in are supplied by citizens of Buenos France to help restore battle fields to Aires. cultivation. With these Chinamen are fifty-one Chinese-speaking Amer- Record of Christian Work. icans, principally former missionaries.

A School of Agriculture Sixteen men from the United States are staying with Russian pris- ONE significant feature of mis- oners in Germany until the two sionary accomplishment in Bra- governments concerned can agree on zil is the large number from among the method of taking them back the educated class who are enthusias- home. Poland – has had a force of tic church members. The govern- sixty-five workers cheering on its ment in the province of Rio Grande fighters; seventy six are in Czechodel Norte has offered to turn over the Slovakia.~ An American sailors' hut direction of its school of agriculture is open under "Y" auspices in Conto mission control. This occupies stantinople. Roumania is being served 4000 hektares of planted land, and by forty representatives of the Ameriis provided with the buildings needed can association and there are twentyto operate an evangelical institute for nine in Siberia. young people, with an annex for agriculture. Laymen's Movement for Italy In the number of organized, evan- I TALY now has a "Laymen's Movegelical churches, and in membership ment," organized under the title of Brazil leads South America. the "National Association of the Evangelicals of Italy." The Associa- Record of Christian fiVork. tion 'aims at effective, though not organic, unity of the Italian evan- EUROPE gelical churches. It has a program of pensions for ministers, of schools, Leaving the British Y. W. C. A. colleges and hospitals. It has branch- es in many places, and in each of FINDING themselves out of har- these a monthly prayer meeting. That mony with many of the policies in Rome has an average attendance of four hundred. of the Young Women's Christian Association, a number of British Record of Christian Work. branches have broken their connection with it and, together with the A Striking Appeal "Evangelical Y. W. C. A.," which had previously separated from the THE Mission Suisse Romande, an Association, have formed a Society to be known as the Christian Alliance Evangelical Society, states it of Women and Girls. The Irish Y. W. C. A., which dissociated itself

needs as follows: struction and well adapted for the Budget for 1920…………… 345,000 fro work. About 3000 graduates have Needed per month………… 28,750 fro been trained to take up many varie- ties of work and are scattered all " "week………… 6,442 fro over the Near East. day………… 945 fro hour. .. . . .. . .. . . 39 fro No successor to President Howard S. Bliss has as yet been appointed If 8625 persons would agree to by the Board of Trustees. finance the Mission for one hour each, the entire budget would be American Boys' Orphanage covered. This would require but 1% A FORMER Turkish military school on the Asiatic side of the of what the average workman earns Bosphorus was opened October 9 in one hour. They also suggest the as an Armenian Boys' Orphanage. setting aside of the income from a Imtead of drilling boys to be army bee-hive, a fruit tree or a field, for officers, these spacious quarters will missionary work. shelter one thousand boys, the vic- tims of war, and will train them for Russian Lepers constructive work. At the opening the Armenian Patriarch made an PASTOR Adam Podin of Russia, address, ~peaking of the future of the has for twenty years, been the only boys who will there be cared for and person from the oufside world allowed instructed, and expressing his gratito visit and minister to the inmates tude to all who had helped to make of the leper asylum in a remote dis- this possible. The Director, Mr. trict of Esthonia. In a letter to The Aboulian, spoke of his desire to see Christian he says: the boys trained mentally as well as physically, looking toward building "There are about sixty men and up the national life of the country. women there, and God has blessed His Word to them, several having The Orient. been converted. These unfortunates are utterly beyond the power to help Talas Hospital Destroyed themselves, being separated from their fellow-beings by government A CABLE message to the Missionregulations. The distress in Russia ary Herald states that the Ameris very great everywhere for every- ican Board Hospital at Talas in Asia one, but for these poor people it is Minor has been destroyed by fire. far worse. The government supplies One third of the provisions and ina very small quantity of black bread, struments were saved by Near East barely enough to sustain life, and workers, and all workers and patients medicines are altogether unobtain- escaped unharmed. This hospital, able." near Caesarea (Kaisariya), was one of the largest and best equipped of MOSLEM LANDS the American Board institutions, which was placed at the disposal of American University 01 Beirut the Near East Relief workers. It was of stone, three stories high, with THE name of the Syrian P-rotes- sunny porches and set in a walled tant College, founded by Dr. inclosure. Daniel Bliss in Beirut, Syria, in 1866, has been changed to the Amer- Transfer of Mardin Mission ican University of Beirut. The trustees believe that because 0 f the de- T TPON recommendation of the velopment of the college the former name no longer adequately expres- Eastern Turkey Mission, the sed its work, purpose or scope. Mardin Station of the American Board has been transferred to the Starting with sixteen students in Presbyterian Board in the interests a rented house, the institution now has a campus of 47 acres stretching along the Mediterranean shore; with 26 buildings, all of modem con-

1921] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

of more effective and economic ad- iliary agencies to secure the physical, menministration. tal and spiritual welfare of the people living in the Darj eeling and Kalimpong Established in 1861, this station is districts, in Sikkim and in the Dooars." located in northern Mesopotamia, and was the only station of the Mission News American Board where th-e Arabic Lutherans in India tongue was used. In addition to its SIXTY per cent of the budget for evangelistic work, it contained, in foreign missions of the United pre-war times, a high school for boys Lutheran Church is required for the and another for girls; and a hospital India Mission. Of the 100,000 and dispensary, which served a wide Christian converts in all fields, 98,000 field in Mesopotamia and among Syr~ are reported by the India Mission. ian peoples. The Guntur field alone reported 6000 baptisms during 1919, and the Ra- Missionary H eratd.

INDIA jahmundry field 3000. Of the 25 Chlldren's League of Service new missionaries sent out last fall, A "CHILDREN'S Guild of Ser- 16 went to India. vice" has developed from the pa- One of the most significant indi- triotism and spirit of helpfulness, cations of the growth of Lutheran manifested by the boys and girls of missions in India is the desire for it India during the war. The head- theological seminary, and the United quarters of the Guild are in Poona, Lutheran Convention has authorized with branches in Bombay, Surat and the establishment of such a semin- ary. • other centers. The objects are as The Lutheran. follows: '

(I) To keep alive in the children's minds the memory of the great ideals and CIDNA objects for which the war was fought, and the lessons of heroism, patriotism and ser- The Opium Curse Again vice which it taught. I T IS reported that last year Japan (2) To teach them early to think of made. a profit of over $30,000,000 by smuggling opium in the form of others who are worse off than themselves, and to try to help them. (3) In order to give practical effect to • morphine into China. No less than the above objects, the funds raised by the 28 tons of this powder were smugmembers will be devoted to children's charities throughout the Presidency, pri- gled into China-enough for every man, woman and child of all China's marily to such as especially benefit and help the children of soldiers who have four hundred millions to receive four fallen or been disabled in the War. hypodermic injections.

Girls up to any ag-e and boys up The authorities of England and to fourteen are eligible to member- America cannot claim to be ignorant ship. of what is going on, and it is high Indian Standard. time that Christians everywhere should demand that there be an end ffimaIRYRn MIssion Jubilee to this gigantic evil with all its rami- THE Calcutta Auxiliary of the fications. British and Foreign Bible Society A missionary in Hunan Province passed a resolution regarding the writes· that unless something is don€ jubilee of the Church of Scotland soon, and done effectively, the whole Mission in the Eastern Himalayas, anti-opium battle will have to be rejoicing fought ag-ain. Poppy seed has been "in the manifest blessin« which has at- imported into Hunan and many farm- tended the labors of the Scottish mission- ers have been forced to plant it. aries and their Indian colleagues as shown "Opium pills," says this missionary, "can be bought in every market in the building up of a church of over town."

8 000 Christians, the establishment of 200 s~hools an the organizing of other aux-·

Tseng, who took her degree in Community, Service In Shanghai science at London University with A COMMUNITY Service League 'honors has named the school "I- was organized in Shanghai in Fang" (Garden of Fragrance), and 1917, to arouse community conscious- has chosen as its motto the words ness and to render help to the poor. "Loyalty and Sympathy," with which, The League is conducted by an ex- in the sixth century, her ancestor, a ecutive committee composed of one famous interpreter of the system of representative from each of the Confucius, summed up his teaching.

churches in the locality, and others Miss Tseng, who is an earnest Chris- elected out of the community. The tian, was formerly a pupil at the first work 0 f the, League was 'a C. M. S. Mary Vaughan High School Christmas entertainment given to 500 at Hangchow.

children of the poor. In 1918, this The Christian.

number was doubled, and trebled in 1919. Membership fees, contribu- JAPAN-CHOSEN tions and special funds provide the Japanese Woman Emigrants finances. ONE in every fifty-five Japanese A free school, originally intended is an emigrant. By the latest for children of beggars, but after- statistics from Tokyo there are 252,- wards admitting children of ricksha 863 Japanese in the United States, coolies, has more applicants than can Canada and the Hawaiian Islands, be accommodated. Lectures are and 32,429 in the various countries given from time to time on hygiene, of South America, with the number rapidly increasing. There are said patriotism and religion.

Work for Bnddhist Monks to be only 9,151 Japanese- in all Europe, and 35,866 in Southern Asia, BUDDHISM is being revived in the East Indies, the Philippines and China as well as in Japan. One Australia. The largest numbers are monastery in Kansu has ordained a in the nearby countries-Manchuria thousand Buddhist monks in a year, has 404,847 and China 58,438. Two- and there are more than a· million fifths of the total number are women.

monks and nuns in all China. Tem-' The idea of doing something for pIes in the Yangtze Valley are being Japanese women immigrants has built and repaired, literature is being taken shape in the minds of J apan- circulated and many students are be- ese Christian women of our western coming Buddhists. A Lutheran mis- ports, and a corps of volunteer sionary of Shekow writes in the workers in the various places where Chinese Recorder of a small Chris- the immigrant women go to live, fol- tion Brotherhood among Chinese low them up by friendly calls. and Buddhist monks. To encourage this so far as possible get them into Chris- open-minded attitude an institute is tian churches. Women workers in planned to afford a contact where op- both Yokohama and Kobe who have portunity is given for study of the therriselves lived abroad are prepared Bible. There will also be courses to give advice and assistance to the offered for baptized monks, to pre- emigrant women. As many as pos- pare them as evangelistic teachers. sible are talked with personally, so- cial customs of the new country are Christian High School in Changsha explained and the Christian Message AT CHANGSHA, Hunan Prov- given. Bach woman receives a ince, a high school for girls was pamphlet of advice to travelers and opened last year by Miss Tseng. The a tract giving the substance 9f Gos- school has grown steadily, and is now pel truths.

said to be one of the most promising The development of the individual educational efforts in China. Miss emigrant becomes a thing of strate-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

gic importance when it is realized last November when vast crowds asthat th~ bulk of these people come sembled to worship the spirit of the from the remote and least evangel- late Mikado Mutsuhito, at a shrine just ized sections of Japan. opened in Tokyo. The present em- peror and empress had their special Japan Evangelist. time of worship, the whole city was illuminated and public exhibitions of Forty Years of Assoclatton Work theatrical shows and geisha dances were given. on open air stages in all THE fortieth anniversary of the the wards of the city. Tokyo Young Men's Christian Association was celebrated June 6, Congregaltionalist and Advance. 1920. Mr. Yammamoto, the General Secretary, gave a historical "Pencil Day" for Sunday Schools sketch of the work and reviewed its growth. Previous to its organiza- THE National Sunday School Astion there existed a societv called sociation of Japan plans to erect "The Christian Association," which, upon dissolving, bequeathed its library a building in Tokyo as headquarters of 800 volumes to the new Y. M. for the growing Sunday-school work C. A. The Association English of the Empire. Some funds for the school is thirty years old. and class purpose are in hand,. and further rooms seating 80 have had 160 enrol- sums are pledged. As a means of led the past three years. swelling the fund September 23d was . designated as "Pencil Day," and 1,- Receptions to new students who 200,000 pencils inscribed "World's have arrived in Tokyo are held Eighth Sunday School Convention, twice a year. Two religious and Tokyo, 1920" were sold at two for educational meetings have been held 10 sen (5 cents). All the Sundayweekly with an attendance of 150. schools in Japan cooperated in this A Library and Reading Room con- plan. Tokyo'S allotment of 300,000 taining all current Japanese' maga- pencils was sold in three hours' time. zines and newspapers, and many English ones attracts over fifty men Magazine for Korean Women a day. THE SIN YAW CHA, "New All funds for current expenses have been raised in Japan. . Woman," started in March of last year, is the first magazine for Japan Evangelist. women in Korea which is edited and published by women. The sales have Children of Boat Dwellers been about 2000 copies for each is- sue. A partial table of contents in- THE Water. Police of Yokohama die-ates the scope of the magazine: took a census last spring of children of school age who are EditoriaL living on the various types of Coming of $pring-a Poem. small craft in Yokohama harbor. The Needs of Youn~ Women. They estimate that upon the 5000 The Claims and Management of "The or more boats used as homes some 12,000 children of school age. New Woman." are growing up in ignorance. The Please Answer. (Question Department). frequent change of location pre- Present Day Problems. sents a difficulty in any plan for The Well Regulated Home. their schooling. One suggested Impressions of the "New Woman." scheme is to establish boarding The Old Maid's Life. schools, to which children may be Men's Failings. sent while acquiring some degree The Equality of Men and Women. of learning. The Life of a Nurse.

WOl'kship of the Late Mikado The spirit of the mag<zine isop- timistic, looking toward the uplift of THE fact that Japan is not yet a Korean women. Christian nation was emphasized Korean Mission Field.

Ten Years.of Foreign Missions ing but a hut without a thought of WOMEN'S missionary societies higher things, a hut for the body and in Korea date back to 1910, and a hut for the soul." United Free Church Record. the first missionary was sent out in 1913. At the close of a decade, there are now 125 such societies, Disciples' Congo Mission T with 'about fifty more not yet fully HE Disciples' Congo Mission met in annual conference at Lotumbe organized. Once each year is held what may be called a synodical mis- on the banks of the Momboyo River sionary meeting. This year unusual from March 27 until April 5. There enthusiasm was manifest and when were twenty-one missionaries present.

the collection was taken for foreign A regular program was followed, missions nearly 1000 yen was sub- one day's subject dealing mostly with scribed in one evening. In this col- native topics, such as sermons in the lection were counted thirty-one wed- vernacular, and the need of instruc- ding rings, three silver wedding orna- tion in questions of hygiene and ments, and three new hair-ribbons- purity. An evening was given to these last evidently given by little the recent survey of the Sanga girls. Four women pledged an an- River, and maps and charts were nual payment of 100 yen each for shown. How to unify the differing foreign missions. African dialects, which are as num- Korea Mission Field. erous as the days in the year, was discussed in its relation to coopera- AFRICA tion among the missions. A new Field Waiting for Workers station, Mondombe, eleven days by rpo enter a new region of African steamer from Bolenge, is to be .1 country, devastated and ruined by opened this year. war, to start reconstruction, to re- As far as statistics can show the open schools and churches, to be success of twenty-one years' labor pastor, builder, carpenter, doctor, and the following figures tell the story: everything else in one, is difficult but Number of missionaries, 29; native evangelists, 313; present church exhilara ting. Rev. O. R. Mackenzie of the Scot- membership, 7,173. The year's offertish Free Church Mission has un- ings were $3,404.78. The number dertaken this task in Tanganyika, of schools is 240, and the enrolment East Africa. The total population is 3,963. There are three hospitals under his care is about 225,000, and 25,977 treatments were given speaking many different languages. during' the year. Sunday-school The country is divided into five well- scholars number 5,188, assembling in defined areas, in each of which Mr. 215 schools.

Mackenzie proposes that a station be World Call.

placed, the central one to be at A Rutenganio, the second at Isoko. the Training Teachers In the Congo third at Manow, the fourth at Uten- N Institute has been started at 'gule and Mbosi and the fifth at Tan- Yakusu on the Upper Congo, dal-a or Bulongwa. where three hundred students, who The whole region is rich in agri- are at work teaching the Gospel in cultural possibilities, and is likely to that vast region, gather regularly each develop rapidly since it is proposed year to study the Bible. Every to establish a large European colony teacher comes into the station twice a in it. Mr. Mackenzie appeals to the year for a period of six weeks at a young men and women of his Church time for training, going out again to to rise to this opportunity for "teach- impart the things learned. This ing, healing, or bringing the light of method is proving an effective one.

home to places where home is noth- Two thousand fresh inquirers are at

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

present waiting for the missionary's standards of family life, and benefit visit to be baptized. their whole community. It is all Thriving Transvaal Mission but impossible for a people to live and sleep on the ground, without I N THE seventeen years' history windows or furniture, and yet main- of the English Methodist Mission tain clean, moral, Christian ideals. in the Transvaal about. fifty-five thou- A great step upward is made when sand persons have been baptized, of whom more than twenty thousand people are taught to live in well were adults gathered out of heathenism and received into the church, lighted, well ventilated rooms, with after long probation and careful instruction. An average of eighteen some simple furniture. . adults are baptized every Sunday. This Mission has an army of 2750 The Mission Field. unpaid· native preachers, who minister week after week to their own Spain's Protestant Colony people. In Swaziland, plans are being considered for training African A LMOST aH that remains to Spain women as preachers. of her once gigantic colonial empire is the island of Fernando Po, Torpedoed Manuscript Recovered off the Coast of Africa. It is a curious fact that although Spain is A N INTERESTING incident is the most Catholic of nations and the related in the "Church Mission- few Protestants in the kingdom are ary Gleaner" for November with ref- obliged to fight continuously for any erence to the recovery of valuable shreds of religious toleration, the manuscripts belonging to the late population of this African island is Archdeacon Dennis of the Niger predominatingly Protestant, and lives Mission, who was a victim of Ger- in comparative religious peace. The man "frightiulness" when returning black natives are about 22,000 in home on the "Karina" in 1917. He number. had with him at the time of the disaster the bulky manuscript of his Record of Christian Work. English-Ibo dictionary, the sequel to his translation of the Bible into Ibo AUSTRALIA AND THE ISLANDS on which he had spent twenty-three years' work. Some time after his The Aborigines of Australia death these papers were washed up on the coast of Wales, and they are THE position of the Australian now at the C. M. S. Headquarters in aborigine in the scale of intelli- London. The last words translated gence has been an open question by Archdeacon Dennis were "Our among ethnologists, but the more his God is a God of love." outlook on life has br.~n observed, the greater is the inclination to ac- Industrial Mission for Zulus cord him a place above the lowest. The Presbyterian Mission at Napoon, THE Church of England has an North Queensland. is an example of industrial trainine: home for boys what devoted workers can make out of most unpromising material. The' and girls in Zululand which does an natives have not only been taught the important work in prep;uine: the way Christian faith, but have· attained a for better living conditions among considerable degree of efficiency in the natives. The Institl1te does not the manual arts, even thoue:h they attempt to turn out skilled artisans, spent their childhood in the wild the time spent there is too short. but bush. The most satisfactory work the boys e:o out from their three has been done amone: the children, years' training, equipped to raise the and althoue:h the problem of the pres- ervation of the pure-blooded aborig- inals is a serious one, no one doubts that its only solution is to be found in the education of their children in the white man's ideas of sanitation

and cleanliness of mind and body. take on this missionary task in ad- Australian Christian W orfd. dition to what they were doing in Korea, Manchuria and Formosa; so Japanizing the Marshall Islands an undenominational society was or- THE Marshall Islands are rapidly ganized, under the leadership of Dr. being transformed into a New Kozaki, a Kumiai leader in Tokyo. Japan. The trade of the group, Three Japanese families have been which in pre-German days was sent as missionaries, one to Ponape largely with Australia, is now almost and two to Truk.

wholly with Japan. The Japanese language is being taught in the OBITUARY NOTES schools, the people are now dressing Dr. Stearns of Germantown, Pa.

O like the Japanese, and the whole placeN November 6, Rev. D. M. Stearns, D. D., pastor of a comis being run on Japanese lines. There are still a few whites in the paratively small church in German- Marshalls, but there is a distinct· town, Pa., entered into rest. As a impression that they are not very preacher. in his own church, where welcome. The American Board of he had been a pastor for over thirty Missions has been represented in the years, Dr. Stearns was not widely group for many years. known, but his influence extended Australian Christian World. over the eastern portion of the Missionary to Moros United States, and to many foreign lands, through the Bible classes con- MATIAS CAUDRA, a consCIen- ducted by him each week, and the tious convert from Islam, was gifts to various independent mission- ordained last year to preach among ary causes. Dr. Stearns looked upon the Moros on Siasi island in the his church not as his field, but as his Sulu Archipelago. There are only force of workers. They loaned him three other Christians on the island. for a larger work in neighboring The Sultan of Sulu is the head of cities, and supported him by their the Mohammedan religion there. The gifts and their prayers. He exerted Hadjis, priests, are Arabs sent from a wide influence, not only in teach- Mecca. They read the Koran in a ing the Bible but in interesting thou- language that neither they nor the sands of men and women in the work people understand. Caudra has the of God throughout the world. In English version of their sacred book one year, the gifts to various Chri3- and is familiar with its· teachings; he tian causes amounted to over $95,000, puts it into the language of the people and in the thirty-two years during when he is talking to them, and they which he conducted these classes, the have to admit that he knows more gifts received and distributed were about their religion than they do. considerably over a million dollars.

– Warld Call.

Mrs. W. W. Peet of Tnrke)'

T M Japanese Mission to the Carollnes RS. WILLIAM W. PEET, wife HE Japanese government, finding of the Treasurer of the Amer- that some thirty-five churches, ican Mission in Turkey, died October more than thirty regularly appointed 20, at Constantinople where she had Christian workers and several thou- been stationed with her husband sand church members in the Caro- since September 1. 1881. From 1917 lines had been suddenly deprived of to 1919, when diplomatic relations spiritual leadership when Germany between America and Turkey were was driven from the Islands, turned severed, Dr. and Mrs. Peet were in to the Kumiai churches to see if. they America, but returned at the earliest could not supply the Christian leaders possible date to take an active part requirf'd. Those churches could not in the various relief organizations. 11E MISSIONARY LIBRARY THE BOOK OF THE NEW YEAR IN EVANGELICAL CIRCLES The Army and Religion. Edited by D. S. Cairns. . 12mo. 447 pp. $2.00. " CHARLIE" ALEXANDER The Association Press, New York. 1920. By Philip I. Roberta It would be difficult to present the AuthDr o/"The Dry Dock religious revelation and results of the 0/ a Thousand Wreck," war more skilfully and judiciously than they are presented in this report ONLY $1.00 NET of the inquiry conducted under the auspices of a special British Com- Evangelists, Songmittee on "The Bearing of the War leadexs, Preachexs and on the Religious Life of the Nation." othex Christian Work- The volume is based on the replies ers will find a wealth to a questionnaire sent out to a num- of inspiration and pracber of individuals and groups, includ- tiea1 suggestion. ing army officers and privates, chaplains, doctors, nurses, hut leaders and Surprisingly ric h Qthers, to. inquire what men are in practical suggesthinking since the war on religion tions for winning men's and morality, what changes have been hearts and sympathy, caused by the war, and what is the it gives also a keen innew relation of men to the churches. sight into the secret The words of witnesses are quoted of the evangelist's in in Part One and are commented fluence and spiritual upon by the editor in Part Two. power.

The report shows that probably Latest Books on Missions . four-fifths of the young men of Great Britain have no vital connec- Chinese HeQrt Throbs. By Jennie V. Hughes, tion with any of the churches, and that these men have fundamental Introduction by Mary Stone lShih Mei YU), M.D. misunderstanding as to the Christian "No one can read it without a quickening of faith and ideals of life. Dr. Cairns pulse. Each one of the fascinating chapters is fresh believes that the churches are largely proof that the "soulless" girls of China are treresponsible for this unfortunate con- mendously worth saving."-S. S. Times. dition. He studies the causes that IllustrQted, Net $1.50. have contributed to this alienation of men from the Church, and suggests . A Moslem Seeker After God the grounds of hope for retrieving the situation. First, there is the in- By Samuel M. Zwemer, F. R. G. S. exhaustible power of God; second, A volume of intensely interesting data concexning there is the good that is discoverable the life, influence and teaching of the great Persian in man; third, there is the fact that mystic Al·Ghazali, one of the very greatest figures men are irreligious because they are in the Mohammedan world. A notable addition to ignorant of Christianity and not be- literature on this subiect. Illustrated, net $2.25. cause-'. they have wilfully rejected Christ. What is needed is a cam- The Three-Hour Sermon paign of Christian evangelism, with a true interpretation of God, a clear ON GOD, SIN AND SALVATION revelation of the divine Christ, a Introduction by Robert E. Speer. faithful teaching of the Bible and a new dependence on the Spirit of God. By Rev. Paul Kanamori. Dr. Cairns also believes that the Church must make dear the Chris- Robert E. Speer says: "Many have wished tian ideal for society. He truly says: "The first need is not a church to rno" how an able Japanese, with such an devoted to reform but a deepened exp~rience as Mr. Kanamori, could put the sense of God-spiritual regeneration. . . . We need a new spirit of fel- Christian Message. I trust it may have a wide circulation." Net $1.25. continued on page 80 Sadhu Sundar Singh (Culled of God) By Mrs. Arthur Parker London Missionary Society, Trivandraum,/ndia "His story. ably told by Mrs. Arthur Parker, reads like a book of Apostolic adventure. Paul's perils of waters and of robbers" ere Sundar Singh's also. Reiected by his family he has become India's foremost evangelist."-S. S. Times.

R~S Illustrated, net $1.25. Boov.S FLEMING H. REVELL CO.

PUBLISHERS New York, 158 Fifth Avenue Chicago, 721 Waba.h Avenue 1'1_ mention TBlI )lISSIONAltY REVIEW OF :rUE WOIUJ) III writlnc to adve:rtsera LEPERS J.EPERS (Continued from page 79) America's Share lowship in the Church. . . . The Church must bear – witness by in- in World Task dividual members who put Christian principles to proof in life and busi- If you are willing to add your gift to others ness, and by its social gospd." of like character toward alleviating the suffering of lepers in all lands, and ultimately The central necessity is a retum Ridding the World of Leprosy, please send to Jesus Christ as the Son of God your gift to the Treasurer of and the truths that He taught. Hif spirit of love is needed to show th, THE AMERICAN MISSION Christian kinship to God. TO LEPERS, INC. Through Santo DOmingo and Haiti. B~ The 1921 budget asked of America for This S. G. Inman. Pamphlet. Commit World Wide Call is $219,150, or the equival- tee on Cooperation in Latin Amerent of $5 each twelve minutes, or $25 each ica. New York. 1920. hour of the day and night. Gifts large or small will be gratefully acknowledged, and It would be well if those who are reading the garbled ~nd partisan may be sent through any authorized local newspaper accounts of the American Representative or to the Treasurer. The occupation of Haiti would read this pamphlet in which Mr. Inman Society owns and controls Stations (with records what he actually saw in his hospitals, homes etc.) at fifty-three different recent visit to the Island. He has parts of its world wide field. It makes sympathy for the unlettered and grIUlts of money, material and service to semi-savage natives, and also for the United States marines who face a many other stations conducted by Mission difficult task in endeavoring to pacify boards or by local native Governments. the marauding bandits. Mr. Inman gives a great deal of valuable and FLEMING H. REVELL, Treas., reliable information on the history, resources, social conditions and re- 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK ligious problems of the two repub- lics of Santo Domingo and Haiti. Wl1Uam Jay Schieffe11n, Pres. There is also a useful bibliography William M. Danner. SOO'y. of recent books and articles.

LEPERS LEPERS Evangelische Missionskunde. Dr. Jul- ius Richter. 8vo. 463 pp. Leipzig "Oh! For a Thousand Tongues and Er1angen. Germany. 1920. to Sing This new book by the veteran au- My Dear Redeemer's Praise" thority on Christian missions con- tains a discussion Of the latest phases A practical way of fulfilling in missionary theory and practice. this desire i. offered through It is comprehensive, as is' evident from the fact that it discusses the The American Christian Biblical Foundation, the Theo.ry of Missions, the Apologetics of Missions Literature Society for Moslems and the History of Missions.

REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.O., of C.iro, President In the treatment of the Biblical ROBERT E. SPEER, of New York, Vice-President Foundation, the author bases his dis· DELAVAN L. PIERSON, of New York, Vice_President cussion entirely on the findings of certain recent schools of theology. Islam does not see the glory The very first sentence which reads: of the Inc.rnation, the Atone. "It is one of the most magnificent aspects of the Old Testament ment and the Holy Trinity and economy of salvation that the idea of God is developed from the tribal God denies the integrity of the of the nomad Hebrews to God, the Scriptures. Hole, the transmundane." The RJt- There is, however. a new spirit vrJtw emphatically disagrees with this of inq ,'iry everywhere and continued on page 82 Mohammedans are eager for the Christian message. The Literature published by the Society is evangelical and adapted to the Moslem mind. It goes even where no mission. aries are allowed.

Fund. are urgently needed to preach the Gospel to M ohammedanB through the printed page. . Send giJta to MRS. E. E. OLCOTT, Tre..urer, 322 We.t 75th St., New York MOWNrTitGeOlMorERinY/,osr.m.'ya.tiaoDn. to MRS. JAMES 888, Ne.. York City PI…. a_Ion TUB MISSIONARY RBVlBW 0.. rUB WORLD In wrltlnlf to a4Ye1't1H1'8 "You CANNOT HAVE to Heaven A PEOPLE on the way A NATION on the way . to Hell"

EX.SENATOR FRANK J. CANNON AMERICA NEEDS CHRIST THE LORD THE SAVIOUR THE PRINCE OF PEACE GET THIS AND OTHER POSTERS AND PUT THEM TO WORK ON THE BUL- LETIN BOARDS OF YOUR TOWN THE WITNESS COMMITTEE 119 FEDERAL STREET PITTSBURG, 'FA. .

Please mention TmD MrsSIONAR~ REVIEW OF THE WORLD In wrIting to advertisers conttnUBd from page 80 ·N e W D~t:~~fi~llssues STRE·AMS iN THE DESERT statement as unproven and contrary J. H. Morrison, M. A. to Biblical teachings.

The record of a missionary journey to Central Af· The modem viewpoint is also evirica with Livingston's tomb as the final objective. dent in the theoretical presentation, One of the most readable and informing of recent which involves a consideration of the books on missions. present day discussions of church government, with which the church Illustrated. 12mo. Net $1.50 people of Germany are now wrest- ling. ACREATHEART OF THE SOUTH Gordon Poteat The method of presenting the Gos- pel to the adherents of various non- The life story of a young medical missionary who Christian beliefs is the real object of was a product of the Students' Volunteer Move- the section on the Apologetics of ment and who gave his life in servke in China. Missions_ This part of the book con- tains an introduction to the principal Illustrated, 12mo. Net $1.50 ethnic religions according to modem German ideas. FIRESIDE STORIES f:'OR CIRL,S The largest and most reliable part IN THEIR TEENS of the book is devoted to the History Margaret W. Eggleston of Foreign Missions. The introduc- tory chapter on the growth of the The author of THE USE OF THE STORY IN missionary idea is a fine essay in RELIGIOUS EDUCATION presents in this vol- itself. The book is full of informaume a selection of the delightful stories which have tion, without being a mere catalogue endeared her to the hearts of the girls who have of principles, events, and persons. gathered at her "Fireside" meetings. Unfortunately, it is marred by a number of misprints. Net, $1.75 Mr. Friend 0' Man. By Jay T. Stocking. THE BEARINC OF RECENT DIS- 12mo. 130 pp. paper or cloth. In- COVERY on the TRUSTWORTH- terchurch World Movement. New York. 1920. INESS of the NEW TESTAMENT Sir William M. Ramsay This is a classic for children, and is written to instil into their hearts The noted Biblical Archaeologist sums up the re- and conduct the Spirit of Christ in sults of his explorations in Asia Minor and adds their dealings with others. It is a much new material in corroboration of the histor- fairy story with a purpose and suitical accuracy of New Testament writers. able to children from ten years old and upward. Mr. "Wise and Won- Net, $7.50 der Man" tells how the city of "As it Was" is transformed into the ideal DAILY MANNA J. H. Lawson city of "Is to Be" by the influence of Mr. "Friend 0' Man." The ideals A distinctly new and desirable form of Daily Bible of the best church in town, the best people, the rolls of honor, the spirit Text Book. The Promises of the Bible are col- of the flag and the road to success- these are Christian ideals interpreted lated in alphabetical order with the addition of an in the language that children will un- derstand. The one criticism we appropriate stanza of a hymn for each day of the would offer is that there is nothing avowedly Christian in the book. The year. Net, SI.50 author takes for granted that readers will understand, but he does not give Rev. G. A. Stud.dert Kennedy the credit to Christ for these ideals, nor does he indicate that Christ's The religious press is giving pages to discussing power is needed to fulfil them.

this tremendous indictment of modern hypocrisies continued on page -83 by the author of that most popular war-time book of verse, ROUGH RHYMES OF A PADRE. A Christian apolog~tic of great boldness and origi- nality. 12mo. Paper. Net, 51.00 George H. Doran Company 244 Madison Avenue, New York Publishers in Amenca-fot-Hodder & Stoughton Plea1!O mention THB :MlSSIONAlIY REvmw 011' T1llI WOlllJ) in writlng.to advertisers THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY 1''''';':';'~'~~':':''Ul continued from page 82 Students and World Advance. The Convention at Des Moines. 1920. vo. 8. 654 pp. $2.50 Student Vol- unteer Movement, New York.

'student Volunteer Conventions are famous for the remarkably strong addresses and the wonderful array in the of facts presented by speakers who come from all lands and races. The disappointing feature of the Conven- HOME tion is that one can not hear and see all. In this volume the disappointment is relieved because the addresses are all printed. The result is a rich mine of information. Take I~;i,:~K~;~:~:En I India for example. There are ten addresses by as many authorities, native and foreign. The same is true of topics. Meaical Missions, for example, is enriched with four- teen addresses and many briefer statements. There are also general -= =- !§ For the many earnest boys and ~ inspirational addresses and some home mission problems presented. :: girls eager to form helpful habits :: The People, the Land and the Book. :=5: of daily Bible reading and prayer. :: Edited by B. A. M. Schapiro. He- Readings and prayers for three brew Christian Publication Society, §= Bible House, New York. months-a topic for each day. relating This little publication is full of in- :: to important incidents in the lile ot :: =:: Christ; a few words of comment; a =:: teresting information about the Jews, brief Bible passage; a prayer in sim- :: pIe language. 5=—= their Scriptures, customs, present con- :–==: Cloth, $1.50 dition and future. The editor is an _=1 EVERY MORNING =1 intelligent, educated Hebrew Christ- ian, and the managing director of the Hebrew Christian Publication Society, of which Bishop Charles S. Burch of A prayer a day for three months, New York was president. The Society also publishes a number of helpful =~= ~~ghf~r~~~ld:~~h ~~t~~~~r:~~ -:~=:=_ tracts. such as those on the "Jewish Sacrifices," "The Law and the Gos- five minutes is needed. The pel," etc. These tracts are issued for free distribution. choice of topics is a happy one and the prayers are of a high order. Each page § of EVERY MORNING is printed in S large size. easily read type.

The Living Christ. By Charles Wood, =~ At your Bookseller'sClootrh,f$r1o.5m0 =:===:_= D. D. 8vo. 218 pp. $1.25 net. Flem- _ ing H. Revell Co., New York and Chicago. 1919.

Many fail to see the vital relation of Jesus Christ to the problems of to- _ ASSOCIATION' PRESS :a===-=: day. Dr. Wood discusses the funda- === mental' subjects of Religion and God; 347 Madison Avenue -=§ New York, N. Y. then he goes on to present the Christ- ===:: ian Aims and Work of Today, and closes with tW0 lectures on Christ Today and His Goal for Tomorrow.

Ministerscand teachers could find here ",,! fruitful themes and illustrations for Sermons. 1.."""""" """"''''' "''' """"""""""""

Please mention TRlli lIJSSIONARY REVIEW OF THJ!l WOllLD.ln wrftlnc to advertisers Who Should Read "The Moslem World"?

1. Secretaries and other officers of Missionary Societies- BECAUSE the problem of Islam affects missionary policies.

2. Missionaries in every part of the world- BECAUSE the Mohammedan is aggressive and is found in an lands.

3. Candidates in Preparation- BECAUSE no problem needs more careful and scientific study.

4. University Professors of Oriental Subjects- BECAUSE the religious aspect of such subjects is the vital one.

5. Students of ethnical and social problems- BECAUSE Islam is a factor in the social life of the world.

6. Official representatives of Christian states in Moslem Lands- BECAUSE a knowledge of the facts is necessary for impartial administration.

7. All members of Mission Study Circles- BECAUSE up-to-date information on this important subject is essential, AND 8. All others who desire to win Mohammedans to Christ.

To Which Class Do You Belong?

SEND YOUR SUBSCRIPTION TODAY THE MOSLEM WORLD 156 Fifth Avenue New York City $1.25 a year 35c a copy Be Sure Your Pastor $100.00 For Has These Books Your Church The Crisis in Church and College Today's Housewife has helped churches all over the country Vol. I, Cloth, Pages 264 to raise funds in a refmed, dig- ' nified manner. Far superior The Modern Conflict Over the Bible to the usual, threadbare, tiring supper, sociable or bazaar. Vol. II, Cloth, Pages 222 Not a cent. of expense or risk. Write today for details, Church By Dr. George W. McPherson Aid Department. A noted New Zealander was so moved by these books he offered the,m to all Today's Housewife Christian students hi Australasia. 100 Main St. Reviled & Enbrged Edition., $1.45, or $2.75 • Set Cooperstown, NewYork Publishers: YONKERS BOOK CO.

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For men and women of yielded hearts, and minds trained in the Bible through faithful persevering study; who know God and His Word and hence are able to teach others.

Oh, how great is the need for such teachers, in and out of the churches, in the homes, in the SundaY-fichools, in Bible conferences, everywhere!

False substitutes for the glorious gospel of the Son of God are deceiving millions!

Theodore Roosevelt said: "To every man who faces life with real desire to do his part in everything, I appeal for a study of the Bible. No man can afford to be ignorant ofthe Bible."

Yet storm-tossed hearts, hungry for comfort and Theodore Roosevelt help, on every hand in thousands, starving for the Bread of Life and the Living Water, are being and mind and applies the bealing word. (4) It shows snared and deceived by Satan through ignorance a careful examination of the works of our great of the Bible. ~fij,~J r~~c~;'r ~:'/j,:=~l~f ~~~w~:~_~n~ Announcement of Sunday services in the newspapers of the large cities are largely those of written for the glory of God. (6) It has been gen- Spiritualism, Rationalism, New Thought, Chris- eraUy helpful to a young Methodist minister by teachtian Science and Sunday Evening Clubs that ing him what is in the Bible and how to use it, more fail to hold up the Cross of Christ; pitifully few than all his previous theological tr ·"ing. (1) It i. a of them are of churches which honor God's course he can recommend to his young brethren in the Word and are full of zeal for the gospel. Metbodist ministry-or any ministry."

What is the lesson for the readers of this ad- A Vermont student wrote: vertisement? Is it not this? j'I am getting far more out of my Scofield Course, than I had in aU my Bible training heretofore." from a A letter CHRISTIAN, PREPARE! Philadelphia student says: Enter without delay upon systematic study of the th:~~cw~~u~~e~XPI;s~:Yb~:P Jfep::=!o'!t~ t~~':d Bible; or, if already such a student, press on to the change in my life, and belped me to study the word goal in view I as I never have before. It is truly wonderful."

No matter what your occupation, you can study the Another student of the Synthetic:: Course, a Metho· Bible by correspondence. dist Clergyman, wrote: Doing this. you will find that as you proceed with "It affords me unspeakable pleasure to express my appreciAtion of what the Synthetic Bible Study Course br~~:J':d~~u~or:t=: ~~e~;:~D~g::t;; e:rAcbdee~e'~~ has done for me." and expand; your stores of knowledge and wisdom increase: your vision and understanding gloriously Here is a testimony from a distinguished clergyman broaden! of Tsinghua College, Pekin, China: t:e e th:';::d i~e=ysh~dr:::dl And then. as you humbly place all at the Master's Chrits~tiaakn:W:to~rko)!~w~diic~h disposal, how the Holy Spirit will use you to bless this this course up again (Practical so terribly needy, sin-eursed world. I had dropped for a term/'

Don't wait until a more convenient season I Fill you promptly, out the coupon below at once, and a prospectus will be sent to telling aU about our eight There is no better time to start than now. Fill in and mail the conpon at once. Bible Correspondence Courses—the Synthetic Course, ~g~E!fJ ~ihl:aC~u~~~ri~t!j~~~o~ol1i~i~ ~~~~:~; am~~~t -:P~t:dy ~S;s;:: !:Ei1;;;-!~~i: place and Christian Evidences., Practical Christian Work, and r – – – – – – – – MAIL THE COUPON TODAY Evange1ism. THE MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE. – Dept. 5781. 153 Institute Place. Chicago. ENROLL NOWI low These courSes have never been sold for profit; but at very prices. in order that as many as possible ~!!:i~:i~e t~~esr~~~:::. o~~~ra~~it~e;:~ i~s~lihi~~ tory was there so great a need and demand for trained Christian workers, able to rightly divine the Word of Send me your prospectus ftving complete infor· Truth. :~~~~n::~igi~gS~d;~ eig t courses in Con-e· A letter from a Methodist minister in Australia Name ..•……….•…………•..•..•…..•.• (dated December 31. 1919) who had just completed the Scofield Course, says: Address……………………………….. .

"I must speak a word of appreciation for tbe Scofield Course. (1) r .like it because it is built on the Granite Rock-the Bible. (2) It shows great spiritual understanding. (3) It lays bare the sores of the soul P1eue meutiOll Tal JlllIlOIrAlty RBnIlW' O. THlI W!lIll.D In writing to advertiser.

·VANTEDr-

.Ordained Men 1428 Presbyterian men and women are preaching the gospel in 16 different. lands. 406 of these Ameri- cans are ordained men.

One of the most urgent needs to be filled by the Board is the need for more ordained men. This need : .-.'~'''';:'

is all the more critical because of an unusual falling off iIi the number of students in our American Theological '. -Seminaries at the present time.

Christian ministers, who are the great evangelizers, are needed at once.

W rite to Candidate Department Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. s. A.

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The Missionary Review of the World — 1920 Index

Missionary

Review of the World VOL. XLIII OLD SERIES VOL. XXXIII NEW SERIES Founded in 1878 by Editor·in·Chief, 1888 to 1911 ~EV. ROYAL G. WILDER, D. D. REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D. D.

JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1920 EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON HENRIETTA M. HYSLOP, ASSISTANT EDITOR EDITORIAL ASSOCIATES MRS. WM. H. FARMER MRS. E. C. CRONK Woman's Foreign Mission Bulletin Best Methods Department FLORENCE E. QUINLAN Woman's Home Mission Bulletin RANDOLPH H. HOWLAND, Business and Advertising Manager EDITORIAL COUNCIL REV. ALFRED WILLIAMS ANTHONY, D. D. fRS. HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY REV. F. C. STEPHENSON. M. D. W. E. DOUGHTY MRS. PHILIP M. ROSSMAN REV. MILES B. FISHER, D. D. FEN NELL P. TURNER REV. CHARLES L. WHITE, D. D. Rltv. W. H. GRIFFITH THOMAS, D. D. REV. ROBERT P. WII,DER REV. A. W. HALSEY, D. D. REV. L. B. WOLF, D. D. JOHN W. WOOD, D. C. L. REV. S. G. INMAN MRS. O. R. JUDD REV. RALPH WELLES KEEI,ER, D. D.

COPYRIGHTED, 1920—PUBLISHED BY THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC.

COOPERSTOWN, N. Y. AND 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW'YORK BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, p,'esident PROF. HARLAN P. BEACH FRANK L. BROWN, Vice~President MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer FLEMING H. REVEI,L DJ;;LAVAN L. Pn:aSON, Secretary DICKINSON W. RICHARDS ~v. W. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, PH.D. REV. CHARLES R. WATSON, D. D.

"MRS. E. C. CRONK

OF ONE VOLUME OF THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

Each year the RIlvIIlW contains the equivalent of twenty-one volume_, a complete library of Missions, on the history, .:nethods, principles, and progress of Missions, and the Hves of Missionaries and Native Converts. Each small volume would contain about 30,000 words (150 pages).

INDEX FOR 1920 MAPS, CHARTS AND POSTERS Page Foreign Mission Fields,-Unoccupied ……. 170 AFGHANISTAN, Forbidden Land of. ….. 864 INDIA, Ceylon, Afghanistan, Population of 188 – India, Ceylon, Population of. ……….• 188 Indian Reservations and Schools ………. 988 AFRICA, Mohammedan Population of…… 186 Interchurch General Budget 1920••••.•.••. 252 ALBANIA, Its Unredeemed Territories …. 781 JAPAN, Population of. ………………. 188 Americans, Unchurched Protestant. …….. 175 Ministerial Salaries ………………… , 200 ASIA, Unevangelized Central………….. 96 Ministers, Where They Live and Preach.: .. 191 BRAZIL, Comparative Size with U. S…… 172 Religious Distribution of Children ……… '. 199 Centenary Movement, Financial Campaign .. 215 – Bodies in U. S., Statistics ………….. 253 CEYLON, Afghanistan, India~ Population of 188 – Instruction, Hours Provided Annually …. 197 Childhood, Neglect of in U. ~………….. 195 Student Volunteers, Distribution of. .. VII (Feb) CHINA, Areas Served by Christian Colleges 798 UNITED STATES, Neglect of Childhood in 195 – Areas Unclaimed by Protestant Missions 173 – Population per Square Mile …………. 190 Cooperation, Denominational in Home and – Religious Statistics for ……………… 252 World Sunday School Enrolment. ……… 330 Foreign Missions ……………….. 225 PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS AFRICA, Arguments for Medical Missions CHINA, Woman's Bible Class in ………. 365 in West ………………………… 620 Chinese Family Altar Certificate ………. 639 Christmas Tree Frame ………. _……. __ 1046 – Good Raw Material ……………….. 350 Christmas Trees, Living ………. _…….. 1046 – Mission, Crowd of Bible Students in a Clock in Office of Kosuge Prison _. . . . . . . .. 502 Cloud, Henry Roe …….. __ '" ….. _….• 995 West ………………………….. 351 Community House in Lumber Camp ……. 708 -Sundar School Class of Girls in West …. 349 Coolie Women, Japan …. _……. _.. _…. _ 128 Akana, Rev. Akaika …………………. 688 ALASKA, Christian Indian Girl of…….. 40 Culion, Inside Hospital at. …… _. . . . . . .. 605 Alaskan Indian Baby………………… 39 – Leper Colony ……………….. _…. , 601 – Indians._ Pagan Ceremonies of………. 41 Deaf in Chefoo, Teaching the. _. . • . . . . . . . •• 536 Albanian Highlanders at Home ………… 779 Dodd, William Clifton ……………….. 102 Aleppo, Armenian Refugees in………… 21 Doleib Hill, Missionary Clinic .. _………. 523 Arab of Inland Arabia ………………… 1046 ECUADOR, Ice Cream Seller in_……. 49 ARABIA, Inside Dispensary of American – Street Scene in Guayaquil………….. 47 Edmunds, Dr. C. K ……….. _…… _.. __ . 793 Mission, Kuweit ………………… 1 Arabia, Arab of Inland ……………….. 1046 Equipment Which Can Be Sent to Mis- Arabia, New Hospital for Women ……… 1075 sionaries ……………………….. 910 Armenian Girl-uThe Mark of the False Eskimos Drilling in Ivory at Port Clarance.. 35 Proohet" ………………………. 23 Exhibits, Missionary ………………… 54 – Refugees in Aleppo………………… 21 Family Altar Certificate, Chinese……….. 639 – Refugees Learning Motion Song…….. 25 FIJI, Free Indian Girl in ……………… 279 – Refugees Returning Home………….. 24 – Mohammedan Moulvi in. _… _. . . . . . . . .. 277 Belgian Gospel Mission Brussels………. 45 Filipino Teachers, Class of Christian . . . . . . _ 607 BELGIUM, Queen Elizabeth and Mrs. R. C. Governor of Kosuge Prison, Christian…… 503 Grant, William Henry _… _……………. 792 Norton ………………………… 43 GUATEMALA, Carrying Image . . . . . . . . . . 679, Bible Picture Roll in Tibet……………. 547 – , Indian Boy of ….. _.. _. . . . . . . . . . . . . • .. 681 – Students in West Africa ……………. 351 – Three Indian Converts. _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 683 Brazil, Indians of. …………………… 1046 Guayaquil, Street Scene in……………. 47 Brazil, Indian Dance …………………. 1046 Happer, Dr. A. P_ … _.. _. _… _……•…. 792 Buddhist Temple, Honolulu…………… 687 Burrall, Jessie……………………….. 379 HAWAII, Japanese Child in …. _………. 686 Byzantine Basilica at Carthage………… 706 – Kinderga,rten Meltinl'!" Pot…………. . 685 Cairo, Sunday School, Opportunities in ….. 356 – Sample of Religion in New …….• _• . . .. 509 Canton Christian College, Administration – Sample of Old … _… __ . _…… _…….. 508 Building ………….' ……………. 795 Hawaiian Children in Mission School……. 513 – Students, Arts, and Sciences Department 797 Honolulu As It Looks Today ….•.•……. 507 – River Front and Boat Population …….. 791 – Boys of Mission School in ………….. 514 Car Shops, Noon Meeting in ……………. 1046 – Buddhist Temple in ……………….. 687 – Mission Building in ……………….. 515 Chart ……………………………… 1046 Hospital for Women in Kuweit …••…••••• Chefoo School, Teaching the Deaf in the …• 536 Cheng Ching-Vi, Dr………………….. 801 D Inca Indians, Ignorant and Poor ……..•. 965 – Mission School for Inca Indians…….. 1169 – In Peru, A Protestant Mission School for 969 Peruvian Cities, Two Characteristics of the INDIA, Baptismal Service …………..•. 189 Situation in ……………………… 1165 – Open Air, Sunday School in ………… 369 PHIL~PPINE IS., Approaching Culion ..• 603 – Phonograph Winning Audience ………• 854 – Rev. David Gordon in Traveling Work- – Cu!tOn Leper Colony………………… 601 – Gomg to Sunday School m the ..•…..•. 609 shop ………………………….. 255 – Inside Hospital at Culion …………… 605 – Some Native Christian Evangelists …… 253 – Protestant Chapel at Culion…………. 606 Indian Baby, Alaskan ….. _. . . . . . . . . • . . . . 39 Phonetic Script in China, Teachin~ the….. 368 – Boy of Guatemala …………………. 681 Phonetics Laboratory, Apparatus m ..•••..• 703 – Dancers at a Religious Festival ………. 960 "Primaries" at Riverton, N. J…………. 822 – Girl of Alaska, Christian……………. 40 Prison in Tokyo, Recently Built………… 500 Indian Appeal, South American ………… 1046 Refugees Learning Motion Song Artnenian.. 25 Indian Dance, Brazil. ………………. .. 1046 Roe Indian Institute, Cottage Homes •..•.• 996 Indians of S. A. Tierra del Fuego ………. 1046 RUSSIA, Moscow Y. M. C. A. Club ……• 265 Indians in Market, Cuzco, Peru………… 950 – Sacred Entrance to the Kretnlin ……..• 241 Indian Woman and Baby, S. A ………… 1068 – Stirring Up Religious Spirit in …….•.. 263 Interchurch Cabinet at Luncheon Conference 179 Sadhu Sundar Singh…………………. 611 – World Movement Cabinet. ………….. 161 Samuel, Sir Herbert……………….•.. 1048 JAPAN, Baby Organ in Service for Christ.. 854 – Boys Imitating Buddhist Festivals in…. 790 Shultz, Mr. and Mrs. Dan …………….. 975 – Coolie Women in Lumber yard …….. 128 – The Labor Evangelist, Dan •…..••.••• 977 – Possibilities in …………………..• 499 Seoul, First Member Cradle Ron .•.•….••.• 541 – Mission Kindergarten in ……………• 359 Soutb American Indian Appeal. ……….. 1046 – Wayside Scene in …………………. 753 South American Indian Woman and Bay .. 1068 Japanese Child in Hawaii. ……………. 686 – Coolie Women Coaling Steamer………• 125 South America, Tierra del Fuego Indians .• 1046 – Day Laborers Waiting for Work …….. 50t – Sunday School Rally in……………. 540 Jerusalem, Waiting for Sunday School to SIAM,. ~azaar Sc.ene,in Ke~gtunf(………. 109 – Chtlstlan Family m Ch,engra'………. 112 Open ………………………•…. 353 – Mountain Village in ……………….. 104 Kanamori, Rev. Paul. ……………….. 577 – Touring in Northern ………..•…….. 105 – Children of Paul…………………… 587 – Two Princesses Bin. ..M..u.a.n.g. .L..a.a.m….•……•…..•. 107 Kindergarten in JapanI-. Mission. . . . . . . . . . .. 359 Simpson, Dr. A. 267 KOREA, Giving Out Tracts from Ford …. 897 Singh, Sahu Sundar………………….. 611 Korean Christian Congregation…………. 187 SO~TH AMERICA, S. S. Teacher Training – Christians and Missionary, Group of. …. 811 Books ., …………………. _. . . . .• 363 Kosuge Prison ..,…………………. 504, 507 South American Indian Dancers at Religious Kremlin, Sacred Entrance to ………….. 241 Festival ……………•……….. " 1160 Kuwejt, Inside Dispensary American Mission 1 Student Volunteer Convention Des Moines, Living Christmas Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1098 Ia. ……………………………• 81 LIU CHIU IS., Busy Street in Naha …..• 769 Sudanese Boys in Sunday School……….. 357 – Christian Chapel…………………… 771 Sunqay School at Omdurman, Sudanese Boys – Market Scene in ………………….. 763 zn .•.•. " .••.•. " •• " •• '" ••••••••••• 357 Liu Chiuan Worshipping Before Tomb ….. 767 – Class in West Africa …..••……..•• " 349 – Grandmother …………………….. 765 – In India, Open Air……………….. 369 Lolodorf HOlOpital, Children and Mothers at 620 – Pageant in Manila ……•………..••.. 331 Lumber Camp, Modern Sanitary ……….. 981 – Rany in Tokyo ……………………. 335 Manila, Sunday School Pageant in ……..• 331 Medical Missions in Africa, Argutnents for .. 620 – Work, Leaders of World Wide …….••• 321 Missionary Clinic, 'Doleib Hill . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523 TIBET, Bible Picture Ron. in …•.•.•..•..• 547 "Miss Friend" ……………………… 1007 Tibetan, Priest, Typical……………….. 911 Mormon Temple in Hawaii. ……………. 689 "Morning Star," Missionary Ship ………. 511 – Priests Blowing Trumpets ………..••• 101 Moslem·Christian Debate, Group Taking – Table Lands and Mountain Peaks……. 91 – Twical .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . • .• 97 Part in ………………….•……. 875 Tibetans at Religious Festival………….. 93 – Lad Who Needs Christ…………….. 704 "Timothl' Stand-by" …………………. 372 – Women at Tomb …………………. _ 665 Tokyo, Beauties of Springtime in .••..••••• 289 Moslems at Prayer, North Africa …….••• 185 – Interior of Slutn…………………… 127 Noon Day Meeting, Dan Schultz_ ……… 977 NoW] Meeting in Carp Shops ………….. 1079 – Sunday School Rally in …………….. 335 N orton, Mrs. R. C. and Queen of Belgium 43 – Woman's Christian College …………•• 787 Pagan Ceretnonies of Alaskan Indians…… 41 Tunisians Drive Away Evil Spirits, How ••.• 707 Pearl of Great Price and Pearl Merchant .. 677 Wing Kwong Chung, Dr………………. 793 Woodmen's Shack, Typical Scene in …..•.• 979 PERU, Indians in Market …………….. 950 Workingmen's Lodging House, Tokyo …• 505 Y. M. C. A. Club in Moscow ••.••…•.•..• 265 Yukon Indians, Ruby, Alaska………….. 37 AUTHORS Acheson, Lila Bell . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . • . . • . • . . . 821 Calverly, E. E …..•………….•….••.• 1075 Allen, Mrs. John S…………………… 64 ,Capen, Edward Warren ……………….. 702 Anderson, Alice T.. ·………………..•.. 296 Cheng Ching-Yi, Dr…………………. 799 Anderson, Herbert ………………….. 253 Clamp, Mrs. F. H …………••…….•… 723 Applegarth, Margaret Too …………. 915, 550 Clark, James E………………………. 198 Archer, J nAo .I d aCBl a.r.k. ………… .. …………………………… 56 Clark, Joseph ………………………. 372 Atchison, 906 Col~man, H. E………………….. 359, 789 Athearn, Walter S……………………. 195 Cory, A. E …………………………. 218 Barton, James L……………………. 21 Crank, Mrs. E. C. Beck, Frank Orman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 Bennett, M. Katharine ………………… 820 55, 219, 291,379, 813, 911, 1001, 1095 Bernheisel, Mrs. C. F ………………… 895 Dako, Mrs. S. K…………………….. 779 Brain, Belle M………………………. 507 Daly, T. A. …………………………. 987 Braskamp, Otto …………………….. 365 Danner, Wm. M ……………………… ·601 Davis, Jerome ………………………. 262 Brimson, Alice W. S…….•…….•……. 1012 Day~.Mahlon H ……………………… 791 Brooks, Rev. Chas. A ….••…•…•.•…•• 984 De Mayer, Jenny …………………….. 865 Brown, Frank AL………………………………………………. 533371 Dennet, Tyler " …..•…..•.•..••..•..• , 182 Brown, Wm. Dickie, Edith C. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. • …. 899 Burges, Richard .. . . . . . • . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . .• 369 Diffendorfer, R. E……………………. 1110 Burgess, Rev. Paul …..•………..• 679, 904 Donaldson, Dwight Moo ……………….. 533 Burleson… Hugh Loo ………………….. 804 Doolittle, Geo. Coo …………………… 1084 Burton, J. W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 Doughty, W. E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Cady, Rev. George Loo ………………. 685 Dykstra, Rev. D…………………….. 675

Mrs. W. P ..•••••…..••.•••••••.••• 699 Murray, J. I,ovell

English, Frank Coo …………………… 201 Erdman, Walter C..•..•……….•..•..•.• 893 Norton, Edith Fox…………………… 43 Olson, E. W………………………… 718 Farmer, Mrs. W. H.137, 298, 549, 723, 919, 1103 O'Neill, F. W. S…………………….. 727 Ferguson, Mrs. Jno ………………….. 1011 Oxenham, John …………………….. 131 Fleming, 'Mrs. DA. .Jo,o………………………………………. 911227 Ford, Edward Oyler, D. S. ………………………..• 523 Fulton, George W.o . . . . . . 125 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000 Philcox, Henry N …………………… 377 Phillips, H. E. .. ……………………. 875 Furnistori, Foo •. 1085 0 0 0 ••• 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pierson, Delavan L …………………… 611 Gale, James Soo ……………………… 117 Goforth, Jonathan …………………… 282 Popley, H. A…….. ,.,. .. ,. …….. ,. … 543 Poteat, Edwin Moo,.,.,.,.,. .. ,. …… ,. .. 113 Gold, H. R …………………………… 291 Gonzalez, Juan 0 …………………….1069 Price, Samuel D. ……….•…•….. 362, 547 Quinlan, Florence E …… ,. .61, 226, 386, lOll Gordon, A. J. . ……………………… 973 Rade~ Re~ Paul ………………… 70~ 712 Haggard, F. P……………………. •• 185 Rainey, W. H. ……………………… 47 Hamilton, Mrs. KG.. ..W..oo…………………………………. 786939 Raymond, Mrs. C. B. …………….• ;…. 917 Harrington…. C. Rels, Jacob A …. ,0. ..•.,…,……….,…………………….. 906 Harrison, .t'aul. ……………… 597, 901, 1059 Reischauer, Helen 898 Hayne, Coe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708, 974, 1078 Reynolds, H. Coo ………. ,. …………. 179 Hellyer, Henry L. • •…•.••…..••••.•••. 297 Richardson, Norman E ………………… 337 Herrick, Ge"rge Foo ………………….. 1061 Riggs, Mary W …………•.••.•..•….•• ' 905 Higginbottom, Samuel ……………….. 262 Rohold, S. B…….. ,…. .. …….. ,.. 517 Hingeley, Jos. B…………………….. 200 Ryan, A. L …… ,.,. …. ,……………. 607 Hinkhous"," Paul AM ………………………………………… 103 Scott, Charles E…………………….. 136 Huntley, ueorge 58 Sibree, James …….•…•……….•….• 617 ~nkS' Mrs. A. E …………………….. 637 Singmaster, Elsie ……. ,. ,. ,. ,. .. ,. ….. 1002 ohnson, Mrs. Luke ………………….. 388 ohnston, Howard Agnew……………… 15 Stead, Blanche Wilson …………….•••• 997 ohnston, Mr… W. C..••..•.•••••••••••••• 530 Stock, Eugene …………•………….. 691 Taylor, S. Earl.,. .. ,. …………….. 171, 215 Thompson, Evaline A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1074 eeler, Ellen Coughlin………………… 526 Townsend, Mary …………..•..•.••.••• 912 Koenig, J. C………………………… 909 Lambuth, Bishop Walter R. ••••••••••••••• 874 Trowbridge, Stephen Van R ……………. 353 Trull, George H ………… ,………….. 343 Lehman, W. S……………………….. 621 Lewis, Elizabeth ……………………. 908 Turnbull, W. M…………….•…….••. 266 Liley, A. V …………. , ……………. 705 Upso~ Arthur Too …. ,. .. ,…………… 29 Lindquist! G. E. E …………………… _ 989 Van ""'ss, Dorothy.,. …… ,.,…………. 902 MacDona d, Caroline ………………… 499 Vince, Joseph …. ,………………….. 718 Mackenzie, Jean K …………………… 349 Wainright, S. H .. ,. .. ,.,. …. ,. .. ,.,.,.,.. 586 McBride, George M ••.•…•..•..•..• 961, 1064 White, George E…………………….. 885 White, J. Campbell .,. .. ,. .. ,…………. 211 McConaughy, David …………………. 204 Williams, Maude Newell …••……. , .•…. 903 McCormick, Elsie …………………… 213 McCrae, Lee ………….•.•..••.•••••••• 995 Wilson, J. Montgomery ……………….. 1014 McDowell, Clotilda L…………………. 913 Winton, Rev. G. Boo…………………. 693 McLeod, SCamhruiestliaAn ………………………………………… 637 Young, S. Hall,……………………… 35 Moffett, 811 Zacker, Rev. John L………………….. 721 Mott, John R. ……………………… 177 Zwemer, Samuel M ……..•. 28,2973, 624, 1089 Muir, John R …….. ; ……………….. 91 SUBJECTS-ARTICLES AND NEWS Aborigines, Japanese' …………………. 930 Alcoholism, International Congress against .. 1015 Aleppo, Importance of………………… 72 – Queensland ………….•.•..•.•…•..• 79 Almas, An Assyrian Mother (a) Mrs. W. P. ABYSSINIA, A Call from ……….. ,. … 489 AFGHANISTAN, At the Gate of, (a) Jenny Ellis ……………………………•• 699 AMERICA, Christian Education in (b) de Mayer …•….•………•…..•… 865 – On the Persian Border of (b) Dwight M. James E. Clark …………………. 198 – In Santo Domingo ……………….• 863 Donaldson .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .• 533 -Ne~,.J. Montgom~ry W.nson ………… 1014 AFRICA, A Growing Church …••….•.••• 653 — RehglOn and POhtlCS In (b) ..•..••… 669 • – Bolshevism in South……………….. 830 American Indians, Ur~ent Needs for (a) – Elevating the Women of (b) Mrs. W. C. G. E. E. LindqUIst ……………… 989 Johnston …….•..••..•……•..•…. 530 – Religious Education Survey (b) 'Walter – For Girls in South………………… 554 – Growth in East …………………… 829 S. Athearn " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • . . . . .. 195 – Idol Maker Discredited .••.. 0 ••• 0 ••••••• 932 Americanization, Best Methods for Chris- – Light in Darkest …….•..••…..••••• 653 – Mission, North …….•.•.•……•.•.•• 77 tian …….. , …•……………••••• 291 – Model City …………………..•.••• 652 – Program …. • . . . . . . . . .. ……••.•….• 389 – Mustard as Missionary Helper .•.•…••. 931 – Programs, Church •………•.•…….. 495 – Nationalism in ……………………. 1026 Americans, Interpreting the Gospel to New – New Church at Dondi ……………… 1026 – Plan to Appraise………………….. 652 (a) Chas. A. Brooks ……………… 984 – Reconstruction in West (b) Edward A. America's 'Scutcheon, A Blot on. " ; •.•••••• 494 Annual Home Mission Reports (a) …•••••• 226 Ford …………… ,. …………… 122 Antidote to Radicalism and Unrest (b) .••.• 497 – Refuge_ for Women in Nairobi. .•.••.•••• 829 Anti·Zionists Parade …………………. 561 – Soul Winning in the Jungle ………•..•. 553 Arab Nation, The New . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 – What Grew from a 'rin Church ..•.•…. 733 ARABIA, C. M. S. to R~tire from …•….. 647 – Where the Drum Calls to Sunday School – Fanatical Moslems of Central (a) Paul (a) Jean Mackenzie ………………. 349 Harrison ……………. . . . . . • . . • • . .. 597 African Life and Languages, School of .••. 932 Arabia, First Baptism in Kuweit. E. E. – Need of Organized Industry ………… 150 Africa, Nigerian Pastors' Association . . . . . . . 1117 Calverly ………………….. ~ ….. 1075 Africans, Learning Language from ……. _.. 732 ARGENTINA, New Church in ………… 234 ALASKA, Cooperation in ……….••….. 1017 ARMENIA-America Society An .•…..•.•.• 934 – Hospital for Point Barrow………….. 312 – Missions and Politics in (b) ………… 582 – The Redemption of (a) S. Hall Young .• _:' 35 Armenia's Call for Help .•………•….•.• 923 Alaska's Needs …………………….. 835 Army and Navy, Reli!?iious Work for (b)…. 12 Albanians-A- Forgotten Race, The (a) Mrs. ASIA MINOR, MisslOnary Outlook in (a) C. A. Dako……………………… 779 James L. Barton…………………. 21 ASIA, Unoccupied Fields in Central (b)…. 91 ASSOCiations, Religious Test for Student (b) 250

Mother An (a) Mrs. W. P. EIlis 699 – Christian Police Commissioner

AUSTRALIA, George Brown Memorial. … 1027 – Consecrated Wealth in .•………•…… 303 – Morality in ………………………. 836 – Conversions in Prison '" '" ………… , 825 Awakening of the Church of China (b) F. W. – Encouragement from …….•……….. 586 – Family Altar Suggestions…………… 75 S. O'Neill ……………………… 727 – Foreign Devil of Second Degree (b) Bahaism, Con!(ress of. •……………….. 1108 Balkans, SpirItual Movements in the…… 1020 Charles E. Scott. ………………… 136 – Funeral Rites in …………………… 1024 Baptist Headquarters in Rome …………. 1111 – Gospel by Boat …………………… 737 Baptist Mission, Telugu Area ………….. 147 – Importance of Bible Study in (a) Otto – Society Transferred from Boston…….. 729 Baptists Enlarge Mission Program . . . . . . . . . 310 Braskamp ………………………. 365 Basutos, French Protestant Mission to…… 150 – And Silk Industry…………………. 142 Beer Market in Asia …………………. 1023 – New Leper Asylum ………………… 1024 Best Methods .. 55, 219, 379, 813, 911, 1001, 1095 – New Soochow Hospital. ……………. 928 Beirut, Missionary Conference in ………. 924 – Opposing Forces in ………………… 1088 Belgian Gospel Mission (b) Mrs. Ralph C. – Opposition to Christianity in………… 9 Norton ………………………… 43 – Power of Prayer …………•…..•..•. 1023 BELGIUM After the War …………… 1020 – Religious Revivals in ……………..•• 859 – Before and After the War………….. 46 – Union Medical College ……………•.. 737 – "United With Heaven Business" …….. 651 – Protestallt Clinic at Brussels .•……•.•• 308 – Woman's Conference at Shanghai. .242, 242 Berean Band, The……………………. 391 – Worshipping a Rubbish Heap ………… 304 Bible Class at Pyeng yang……….•…•. 1116 China, A Serious Famine……..•…•••••. 1114 China Opposing Forces in (b) ……….. 1088 Bible Classes for Hotel Guests………••.• 220 China, Preparing the Way for Prohibition .. 1114 – In Korea, Teaching the (b) ………….• 541 China, Vocational Training . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . 1115 – In the Schools .•………•……….•.. 641 China's Need, A Chinese View of (b) …… 230 – Society, Gospel Distribution ………•.• 314 – Need of Christ (a) Cheng Ching Yi. … 799 – Study 10 China, Importance of, (a) Otto Chinese Christian General (a) Jonathan Go· Braskamp ………………………. 365 forth ………………………….. 282 – Study, The Knowledge of God (b) Samuel – Fish Dealer Becomes Pastor ……….. 928 M. Zwemer …………………….. 28 – In America, Christianizing (b)………. 2 Bible in Mission Schools ……………… 1118 – Interchurch Convention (b) …………. 161 Blind, New Bible for the ……………… 311 – Jews, Attempt to Reorganize .. .'……… 142 -John the Baptist, A ……………….. 1024 Bohemian Students' Conference, First .•••.. 1111 – Miss!ons, Cangre~s. a~ . …………….. 825 Boiling Caldron in India, The (b) ……•.. 753 – Offic13l and Chnsttamty……………. 304 Bolivian Diplomat Appeals for Indians .•…. 312 – Pastors, For Weary ……………….. 929 Bolshevik "Bible," The ………………. 1111 – Proverbs .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 825 Bolshevism in Asia Minor……………•.. 924 – Woman Doctor, Work of. …………… 141 -In South Africa…………………… '830 – Women Combat Concubinage ………… 737 – Moslem Condemnation of ……………. 924 Chosen Christian College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1025 Books-See Special Index List. – Parable of the Seed……………….. 143 Britain, Religious Situation in ……•..•… 234 Christ, A Changing Apprehension of (a)…. 87 "Christian Americanization," Suggestions on 62 BRAZIL, Falsehood and Threats in …..•.. 1018 Christian and Missionary Alliance……… 67 – Womanhood Awakening ……………. 1018 – and Missionary Alliance, Founder of (a) – In Dark ……………….•………. 643 Brazilian Sunday Schools . • . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . 393 W. M. Turnbull …..•……….•….. 267 – Y. W. C. A. in …………………… 940 – Education in India…….. …………. 73 – New School for Girls in Rio ………… 313 – Endeayor in Turkey……………….. 646 Brother on the Frontier, My (a) Coe Hayne 974 – Fundamentals League ………•…….. 641 Christianity-Oriental and Occidental (b) .. 956 Bubonic Plague in Vera Cruz …………•. 939 Christian's Message, A……………….. 690 Budapest Mission to Jews. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 72 Christmas Gifts for Lepers, J. C. Koenig.. 909 Buddhism Grows in U. S………………• 154 – Gift International. …………………. 1107 BULGARIA, Protestant Missions in…….. 71 Chvrch a Safeguard, A …••…•…••.•…• 654 Bulgarian Pastors Meet. ……………… 1020 – Extension Project ………………… 293 Bululand Men of Science in …………•… 150 – Informing and F,nlisting the (b) Abram Business and Editorial Chat IV (Jan) IV (Feb), VI (Apr) . . . . . . . . . . . . 575, 663, 948 E. Cory ……………………….• 218 – of Tomorrow, Training (a) William A. – Women and Missions (b) Mrs. F. H. Clamp …………………………. 723 Brown ………………………… 537 – Women and the Church …..••.•..••.••• 725 – Union in India (b) ……………….. 755 – Women). Mission Stndy for ……….•… 724 Churches and the Coal Strike………….. 309 Burmese l:i-DVernment and Missions……… 236 Community Church, A Successful. ……… 1107 Community Church, Non·denominational (b) 53 CANADA'S Interchurch Council. .•…..•. 674 – Hut, Powers, Oregon (b) Coe Hayne .•.. 708 Canton Christian College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 – Picnic Supper, A (b) ..•..••….•…..••• 223 – Work of (a) Mahlon H. Day …..•…… 791 Conference, An Epoch·Making (b)…….. 81 Canton, Civic Evangelism in ..••..•……. 237 – in Switzerland, Missionary (b) …•…..• 855 – New Ideals in…………………….. 928 – Presbyterians in ………………….. 728 CairoT. The Purity Movement in (a) Arthur Congregational Conncil ………………. 832 Upson ……………..•..•…•… 29 Constantinople College for Women (b) E. A. – University Opened, New (b) .•………. 951 Thompson ………………………. 1074 Capetown, Training Center at. …………. 932 Constantinople During the War ….. '.' . . . .. 72 Centenary, The Methodist (b) S. Earl Tay· Coolie in Fiji, The Indian (a) J. W. Burton 276 lor ……………………•………. 215 Cooperation, The Need for Missionary (a) CENTRAL AMERICA, Indians of (a) Paul Bnrgess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 679 S. Earl Taylor …………………• 171 Copenhagen, Christian Center in ..•…….• 832 CEYLON, Salvation Army in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927 Copts Study Islam …………………… 734 Challenge of the World's Need (a) Howard Czecho·Slovak Preachers Wanted ………• 933 CZECHO-SLOVAKIA, Salvation Army in.. 71 Agnew Johnston ………………… 15 Day of Prayer for Missions……………. 61 Changing Apprehension of Christ (a)…… 87 Deaf, School for in Chefao (b) …………. 536 Chicago, Christian Daily for……………. 933 DEATHS- Child Mortality in Egypt. ..•………….. 1116 – Alexander, Charles M ………………. 1028 Children, Saving the ………………….. 923 – Bliss, Dr. Howard S. of Beirut. ……••• 567 CHILE, Child Mortality in……………. 70 – Fisher, Geor!!:e S…….. : …………. , 567 – Brooks, Dr. Jesse, of ChIcago ………. 941 – Heavenly Mansions for Sale ………•.. 836 – Camphor, Bishor of Liberia ………… 156 – Striving Against Odds ……………… 731 – Collins Mary 0 Dakota ……………. 740 – Corbett, Dr. Hunter, of China ……….. 156 CHINA, Awakeninl!: of the Church of (a) – Ewing; Mrs. Arthur H., of India .••••..• 567 F. W. S. O'NeIll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727 -Foster, Arnold, of China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 – A Prison Transformed ……………… 141 – Bible Union in China …….. , ………. 1058 – Blinded for Attending Church …………. 825 – Canton Christian College (a) Mahlon H. Day ………….•..•…….••…..•. 791 – Challenge to Christians •.••….•••••••. 1023 – Christian Hotel for Business Men .•••••• 304 DEATHS- Foulke, William, of New York. 740 Finnish Mission Among Orambos …….••• 733 – Harrington, Dr, C. K., of Japan …….• 740 Foreign-Speaking Pastors, To Train ….••.. 1107 – Heminger, Rev. L. D., of Africa …….. 941 Friends in Conference ………………… 1110 – Herrick, Mrs. G. F., of Turkey. . . . . . . . .. 398 Forces for Life and Death in Russia (b) …• 953 – Herring, Hubert C…………………. 940 Forder, Archibald …………………… 148 – Holliday, Margaret Y., of Persia …….. 567 Foreigner's Apology, The, T. A. Daly …… 987 – Hoskins, Dr. Franklin E., of Syria ….. . Foreigners in New York, Unevangelized … 833 -Hume, Mrs. E. S., of India ………….. 1028 Fortieth Anniversary, A (a) Coughlin Keeler 526 -Jessup, F. N., of Persia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 French, Protestant Missions and the ……. 235 -Jones, U. S. G., of India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567 – Protestant Mission to Basutos ………. 150 – Loomis, Henry, of Japan ………..•…• 654 – Protestants Meet at Lyons ………….. 308 – save Christian Syrians ……………… 827 Loomis, Mrs. Henry, of Japan ……•.•.• 654 Friends in France, American ………….. 558 – Macalister, Dr. George of India …….•.. 1119 Fritchley, E. W. of India ……………… 146 – Neve, Arthur, of Kashmir ………•…• 156 Frontier, My Brother on the (a) Coe Hayne 974 – Nicolay, Baron, of Russia………….. 79 Games for Sunday Afternoon ………•..•• 816 – Ogilvie, C. L., of China ………….••• 156 Gedik Pasha School, The Year at. ……… 307 -Pettee, Dr. Jas. H. of Japan …….•…. 316 Generation, Vork for the Coming (b) ….. 326 – Raynolds, Dr. George C. of Turkey …… 316 Geneva, Conferences in …………… 644, 1019 – Reimert, Rev. Wm., of China.; ……… 740 Germany, Religious Training in . . . . . . . . . . . . 1111 – Scott, Dr. J. McP. of Toronto ……….. 316 German Missions in India…………….. 73 – Shepard, Mrs. F. D., of Aintab …….. 740 – Missions, Lutheran Council and …..•.. 156 – Stuck, Archdeacon, of Alaska ………… 1028 – Missions Return, When May………… 653 – Therrien, Dr. A., of Canada …………. . – Plea for German Missions (a)………. 132 – Van Santvoord, Anna T……………. 90 Ginling, Community Service at ……….. 563 Debate, A Moslem·Christian (a) H. E. Phil· Givers, Enlisting and Training (b) David lips ……………………………. 874 McConoughy ……….•………….. 205 Denominational Campaigns, Lessons from (b) 216 Glowing Needles (b) ………………… 289 – Campaigns, Results of, Elsie McCormick God Cares, Do We? A. J. Gordon ………. 973 Gold Coast, Liquor on………………… 78 (b) ……………………………. 213 Des Moines, Student Volunteers (b) ……… 82 Gospel Mission, Belgian (b) Mrs. Ralph C. Disciples Unite in Mission Work ………. 153 Norton ………………………… 43 Dodd, Wm. Clifton, Apostle to the Tai (a) – roday, The World and the (b) Viscount Paul M. Hinkhouse . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Bryce ., ……………………….. 761 Dream, A, Elsie Singmaster ..•………… 1002 Drift or Steer, Shall We (b) …………… 957 Gossner Mission, The………………… 303 Drunkenness in the Sudan……………… 732 Group Organization, Suggestions for…….. 57 Dry Forces Unite ……….•………… 392 GUATEMALA, Bible Correspondence in ..• 643 Eastern Churches, Proposed Union of. ….. 496 – Missionary Obligation in ……………. 557 ECUADOR, Garden Republic of S. A. (a) – Opportunity in (b) ………………… 756 – Stirrings in …….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 492 W. H. Rainey …………………… 47 Guatemala, Prison Church in ………….. 1110 Eddy Meetings in Egypt. …………•…. 1021 Hangchow, Christian Clubs in …………. 1115 – Meetings, Problems Revealed by …….. 145 HAITI, The -United States in …………. 959 Education and Local Parish, Missionary (b) HAWAII, Cent~nnial and Jubilee in (a) Jno. Clark Archer……………….. 56 Belle M. Brain .•…………….•…. 507 – in America (b) James E. Clark ……… 198 – Present Conditions in (a) George L. – in America, Christian………………. 325 – Necessity for Christian (a) Norman E. Cady ………………………….. 684 Heart of the Missionary Message (a) Samuel Richardson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 337 – Survey, A)t1erican Religious (b) Walter M. Zwemer …………………….. 624 Heathen Languages, Poverty of. ………• 315 S. Athearn ………………..•….. 195 Hebrew Christian Alliance…………. 65, 934 EGYPT, Cooperation in ………………. 734 – The New Outlook in ……………….. 1049 – Christians in Conference (b) John L. – Medical Missions in ……………….• 149 – Presbyterian Mission in……………. 645 Zacker …………………………. 721 – Religious Fanaticism in …………….. 1021 Hindu Conversions, Report of ……..•.•… 1.022 – Sunday Rest in ….•……………….. 645 – Festivals and Christian Practice …….. 648 Egypt, Child Mortality in …………….. 1116 – Missionary Organization …………… 74 Egyptian Church Paper ……………•.. 393 Hinduism vs. Cbristianity……………… 647 – Life Unified ……………………… 78 HOLLAND Missions Threatened ………. 234 – Women and Progress ………………. 733 Holy Land, Among the Jews in the (a) S. B. Elevating the Women of Africa (b) W. C. Rohold ……………….•………. 517 Johnston ………………………•. 530 – Religious Outlook for the……………. 672 Ellis Island, Immigrants at. …………… 1108 Home Mission Evangelism ……………. 1016 Enabling Act, The…………………… 643 – Missions Council and Interchurch Surveys 934 ENGLAND, Planning for a Better (b)….. 1 – Missions, Forward Steps in (b) …….. 163 – Temperance Education in ……………. 150 – Surveying the Field at (a) Ralph E. Dif- English Church Laws ……………….. 643 Equipment That Increases Missionary Ef- fendorfer ……………………….. 190 ficiency (a) ……………….•…. _. 891 Homes, American Hospitals and (a) Frank Eternity Longer Than Time ………….. 60 C. English …………………….• 20 Ethnological Course for Missionaries …….. 1109 EUROPE Sill in Bondage ……………. 669 Honolulu, Interracial Y. M. C. A ……..•• 839 – Sunday Schools in (b) Henry N. Philcox 377 Hospital, New Soochow ……………… 928 Evangelism in India, Problems of (a) H. A. – Visitation, Efficiency Through Coopera- Popley …….. . ……………….. 543 tion …………..•…..••……….• 219 – in Japan, Country ………………..• 144 Hospitals, Adopting .••………………• 315 Evangelism and Industry Combined …….. 1118 – and Homes, American (b) Frank C. Eng- Exhibit, World Missionary, Mrs. C. N. Me- lish ……………………………• 201 Hose (b) ……………….•…….. 55 Hussite Society, The …………………. 392 Hymn for Japan, New ……………….. 1115 Faith, A Fellowship of (b) ……………. 857 ICELAND. Christian Associations in ….•. 559 Farm Methods, To Study American…….. 308 If I Had Eaten My Morsel Alone (Poem).. 522 Federated Church in Massachusetts…….. 834 Immigrants at Ellis Island ………….•..1107 Federation, Practical ………………… 231 Immigration, Change in ……………….. 310 Fellowship of Faith, A (b) …………..• 857 Feng, General, (a) Jonathan Goforth…… 282 "Inasmuch" Mission, Philadelphia…..•.•.. 1108 Fields, Surveying the Foreign (a) F. P. INDIA, A New (a) Herbert Anderson …… 253 – A powerful AppeaL ………………… 1022 Haggard ……………………….. 185 – Boiling Caldron in (b) …………….. 753 First Baptism in Kuweit (a) E. E. Cal- – Bombay School for the Blind …•…•..•• 650 – Breaking Fetters of Tradition ..••..••.• 648 verly ………………… " ……… 1075 – Challenge to God in ……………….. 735 FIJI, The Indian Coolie in (a) J. W. Bur- – Christian Banks for Farmers ………..• 925 – Christian-Mohammedan Debate ..•.••.•.• 826 ton …..•…………………..••••• 276 – Christianity at a Fair in ……………. 236 Filipino Pagan Becomes Soul Winner •••••• 155 – Church Union in (b) ………………. 755 – Woman, The ………………… . … 840 – Commission on Village Education .•.•..•• 145 INl?IA, Evidenc~ of Progress in (b)…… 8 – Woman's Evangelistic School. …..•.•• 738 – Gossner MIssIOn…………………… 303 – ,Vork for Women in ……………… 76 -'Government by Compromise ………… 648 – J ncident of South ………………… 147 – W orki'i!; Out Her Problems (a) George — Ludhiana Medical College………….. 303 W. ulton. . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . • . . . . . . .• 125 – Madura Hospital Dedicated …………. 649 — Medical Work at Okara ……………. 236 ] apan, Conference of Federated Missions …. 1115 – Missionaries Needed in Behar ………… 649 Japan, International Friendship Promoted .. 1116 – National Church for (b) ……………. 241 Japan, New Hymn for ……………….. 1115 – New Leper Asylum ……………….. 394 Japanese in California ……………….•. lO55 – Objections to Church Union in ………. 493 Japanese Aborigines …………………. 930 – Problems of Evangelism in (a) H. A. Pop- – Censorship …………. " ..•.•.•. " ••• 759 ley ……………………………. 543 – Changing Sentiment Among…………. 929 – Progress of Union in South ……….. 736 – Children, A Christian Training for (a) – Sadhu Jacob in North ……………… 925 – Salvation Army in …………………. 825 H. E. Coleman ……………•.••…. 789 – Scriptures at Work in……………… 826 — Christian Laymen …… . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 144 – Secret Christians in Travancore ………. 736 – Church in Oakland ………………… 730 – Social Work for Factory Employees ….. 146 – Missionary in China ……………..••. 238 – Society of Religious Patriotism………. 647 – Press on 1fissions…………………. 238 – Sunday School Union ……………… 562 – Reforms, Reported …. . . . . . . . . . . . . • • .. 305 – Sunday School Work in (b) Richard – Student Organization ………..•.•…• 730 ~ View of Korea …………………… 77 Burgess ………………………… 369 JAVA, Missions in ………………….. 313 – TelJgu Mission Conference …………. 303 Jerry McAuley Mission, Changes in …….. 393 Jerusalem, Cosmopolitan ………….•…. 1112 – 'V – "Untouchables" in Madras ………….. 735 Jerusalem, Scottish Memorial in ………•.. 149 omen of Travancore …………….. 1022 Jewish Missionaries for the Orient. ……… 644 India, Madura Church Council. ………… 1113 – Problem in America …….. . . . . . . . . .. 833 India Scales Decide against Heathern Rite .. 1113 Jews, Bene Israel Community………..••. 11I4 -Work.in South (b) ………………… 551 Jews in Paris ……………………….. 1I10 Indian Characteristics ……………….. 734 Jewry, Work for Tunisian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 – Christian's Generosity ……………. 1022 Jews and Christians Confer ………..•….. 730 – Conference, Echoes of Wichita, Mrs. Jno. — Attempt to Reorganize .•………….. 142 – Budapest Mission to………………. 72 S. Allen ……………………….. 64 – Convincing the (b) Henry L. Hellyer …. 297 – Girls' Response to Education ……….. 735 — Edinburgh Mission to …………….. 831 – Institute, Work of Roe, Lee McCrae (b) 995 – in the Holy Land, Among the (a) S. B. – on New Trail …………………….. 684 – Soul of the, Hugh L. Burleson (a) ……. 804 Rohold ………………………… 517 Indians Accustomed to Tithing ………… 1023 – Palestine and the………………….. 306 – as Missionaries (American)…………. 311 Judson College, Rangoon……….. . . . . .. 827 – Medical Work for …………………. 730 Jungle, Soul Winning in the ………..•.. 553 – Neglected Navajo ………………… 955 Kaffir Evangelist, Blind………………. 830 – (N. A.), New Academy for ………… 557 Kamerun, Faithfulness in ……..•…….. 553 – of Central America (a) Paul Burgess…. 679 Kanamori and his Sermon (a) S. H. Wain- – of Latin America (a) Geo. M. McBride right ………………………….. 587 961, 1064 Kennedy School of Missions (b) Edw. W.

– Religious Education for the American …. 312 Capen …………………………. 702 – The Uplift of the ………………… 1017 Kermanshah, Among the Kurds of (a) Indians of 'the S. A., Lowland (a) Geo. M. Blanche W. Stead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 997 McBride ……………………….. 1064 Kingdom Recruiting, A Sermon (a) Paul Indian Training at Phoenix ……………. 1109 India's Women, Prayer of……………. 926 Rader ….. " …………………… 712 Knowledge of God, The (b) Sam'l M. Zwe- Industrial Experiment Result from ……… 141 Interchurch Rudget, Revised ………….. 248 mer …………………………..• 28 – Epoch Making. Conference……….. … 81 KOREA, Dynamics in ……………….. 930 – Executive Committee Enlarged ………. 309 – Extension Sunday Schools ………….• 306 – Movement, Growth of (b) John R. Mott 177 – Forward Movement in……………… 667 – Movement, Pastors' Conferences…….. 247 -Japanese View of. …………………. 77 – Organization, The (b) ……………… 179 – Missionary Outlook in (a) James M. Gale 1I7 – State Conferences …………………. 67 – Paik Early Spring Tells His Story (a) .. 773 – Surveys, Home Missions Council and .. 934 – Parable of Seed Illustrated …………•. 143 – to Reorganize (b) ……………….. 672 – Politics and Religion in…………….. 860 – World Movement, The (b) …….. 168, 1050 – Promises in ……………………… 566 – World Movement Epoch Making Confer- – Situation in ……………………… 86 – Sunday School Plans in …•………… 930 ence (b) ………………… " . . . .. ·81 . – Teaching the Bible in (b) ………….. 541 – Vorld Movement, Some Conclusions (b) 580 Korea, Bible Class Pyeng yang…..•..•.. 1I16 – World Movement-Some Facts (b) …… 577 Korea, Shintoism Promoted ………..•…. 1I16 Institutional Church in Mexico …..•…… 1109 Korean Christians in Adversity (a) S. A. International Missionary Union ………… 729 IRELAND, The Bible in ……………… 831 Moffett ………… . • . . . . . • . . . . . • . . .• 811 Irish Evangelization ·Society ………….. 151 – Church in Chicago ……………..••… 557 Italian Leaders in Conference. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 833 – Foreign Missions ……………..•.•.. 566 ITALY, Historical Study as a Weapon …… 831 – Missionary Society .. . . . . . . . . • • .. . • . . . . 77 – No Sunday Papers for …..•………. 235 – Schools, Bible in ……………….•.•• , 739 – The Gospel in ………….•………. 559 Koreans, Industrial Help for ……….•..•• 144 Jackson Memorial, John……………… 77 Korea's Struggle for Freedom (b) .•..•.•.• 665 JAPAN, Baron Urges Golden Rule …….. 651 Kurdish Boy in Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1113 – Christian Community at Pompira ……. 144 Kurds of Kermanshah, Among the (a) – Christian Schools Crowded in ……….. 929 – Country Evangelism ………………. 144 ;Bl';lnche Wilson Stead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 997 – Cooperative Christian Effort in………. 238 -M,sslOn to …………………..•….. 924 – Federated Missions in……………… 565 Labor Churches, Non-Christian (b) ….•.•.. 758 – Impressions of an American in ………. 145 Labors of Welsh Baptist Missionaries (a) – Intolerant Nationalism ……………. 238 – Kindergarten fC'r Deaf……………… 824 F. Furniston …………………….. 1085 – New Life Discussions ……. " ………. 824 LATIN AMERICA, Indians of (a) Geo. M. – Newspaper Evangelism in …•……….. 929 – Recommendations for Missions in (b) …• 251 McBride …………………… 951, 1064 – Results from Factory Meetings………. 824 Latin America Prohibition Progress in (a) – Social Program for……………….. 305 – Sunday School and the Future of (b) H. Juan O. Gonzalez ……………….. 1069 – Missionary Coperation in (b) ………… 323 E. Coleman ……. " ……………. 359 – Progressive Program for (b) March…… 165 – Woman's Christian College (a) A. K. – Sunday Schools in (b) Sam'l D. Price …. 362 Laymen at Pittsburg, The . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • 231 Reischauer ……•.••….•••……..•• 786 Leadership, The World's Need for (b)…… II Leper Asylum, A New……………….. 394 – Baptisms .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •• . . . . • . . .. 649 – Colony in the World, Largest (a) Wm.

M. Danner .•.•…… . . . • . . • . . • • . • . .• 601

Conference, Findings of. ………. 1028 Mormonism Gains

Lel'.ers Count T1ei.r Blessings . • • . . . . . . . . . . . 1023 Morning Star Mission………………… 936 – Support a MIssIonary ……………•.•• 930 MOROCCO, Power of God's Word in ..••.• 884 – Task of the Mission to .•…………•.• 315 -The New (b) …………………. ; …. 491 – Vests for ………..•…………….•. 306 Moros, Union Conference Among …..•.•.• 1027 – Village' for ………………………. 148 Moslem Children, Better Pictures for …..• 828 Leprosy, NeW' Interest in ………….•…. 566 Moslem World, Gods Will for (a) S. M. – New Treatment for ……………….•• 827 Lighthouses, Literature for ……..•……,; 830 Zwemer ……..•……………….• 1089 Linking the School to the Missionary (b) – Christian Debate, A (a) H. E. Phillips .• 875 – Lands, Saving the Children of, (a) Ste. Samuel D. Price…………………. 547 Liquor on Gold Coast………………… 78 phen Van Rensselaer Trowbridge …… 353 – Traffic Discredited in India ………..•.. 925 Moslems Evangelizing Each Other……… 646 Lithuanian Methodist Church .•………… 1016 Liu Chiu-the Floating Dragon (a) C. K. m – Central Arabia, Fanatical (a) Paul Harri.

Harrington ………•……….•••…• 763 Miill~~nMi~~i';';~' ::::: :::::: :::::::::::: ::: L. M. S. House, New .•………•.•……. 308 Lovedale Institute, Outbreak (b) …….•.. 760 – Orphanage, George………………… 151 Ludhiana Medical College …………….. 303 My Brother in Overalls (a) Coe Hayne …. 1078 Lunlberjack, A Kamoo ….•…………… 395 My Frien~s-an Introduction (b) Alice W. – and the Church ……. ;…………… 68 Lutherans Appeal for Missionaries …••.•.. 1107 S. BTlmson ……………•.•…….•.. 1012 Lutheran Church Growth …………….•. 933 Trust (Poem) A. B. Simpson . . . . . • . . . . . . . . 271 – Council and German Missions …..•.•.•.. 156 Nanking Sends Out Missionary …•..•….•. 304 – Foreign Missions •……..•………… 556 Natives, Cooperation for Benefit of. ……. 654 Lutherans in India…………………… 236 Navajo Indians, Neglected …………….. 955 MADAGASCAR, After a Century in (b)' Navy, Religious Work for Army and (b)… 12 Near East, Committee of Cooperation in …. 645 James Sibree …………………•…. 617 Necessity for Christian Education, The (a) – Centenary in ……………………… 555 – Man of Faith in ………….•.•…..•. ~~4 Norman E. Richardson ………..•…. 337 Madura Church Council. ……………… 1113 Needs for American Indians, Urgent (a) G. MALAYSIA, Melting Pot of Asia………. 927 Maltese, Apostle to the………………. 559 E. E. Lindquist ………………….. 989 MANCHURIA, Mission Hospital in …..••• 143 Neglected Fields ……………. .. .. . …. 728 Maoris of New Zealand (b) Eugene Stock .. 691 Negro Betterment, Program for …….••••• 247 Marsovan, Work Resumed at ……•.•…. 394 Materialism vs. Spirituality ………….•.. 1015 – Churches and the Interchurch ……… '" 232 Medical Coeducation of Chinese Women …• 395 – Education for Southern……………… 68 – Missionaries, Stories from ………….. 289 – Helps to Improve Schools…………… 642 – Missionary as a Pioneer, The (b) W. S. – in Business, The ………………….. 1016 – Ministers StUdy. Problems ..•••.••..•..•. 936 Lehman ……………………•…… 621 . – Needs, What the…………………… 68 – Missions, Centenary of. ……….•…… 135 Negroes Qall for Black Nation …………• 936 – Missions in Egypt …….•…………. 149 Nestorian Convention in America …..••…. 729 Medicine, The Gospel by Way of. ..•……. 147 New America (Poem) J. Montgomery WiI· Methods for ForeIgners Tested (See Best) 295 Mexican Border, On the ………••…….. 835 son …………….•.•……•••…•.. 597 – Revolution and Missions (b) G. B. Win· – Era Receipts ……………….•…… 641 -Hebridean Ancestor Worship ….•.•….• 640 ton ……………….••……•…… 693 – Hebrides, Fate of. ………………… 313 – to Think American, Help the …..•…… 312 – The Old and the (b) ………………. 249 Mexicans Invade United State•…•…•…. 1017 – Zealand, Maoris of (b) Eugene Stock …• 691 Mexico City Association Work …•…..•… 152 -.! Zealand, Preachers Needed in ………… 640 New Guinea, Evangelism and Industry Com· MEXICO, Condition. in (b) .••…•…•…• 245 – Medical School for………………… 233 bined ………………………….. 1118 – Miracles in …………………..•.•.• 731 Newspaper Evangelism ….••….•..•.• 397, 929 – News from Western ………………… 232 – Evangelism in So. Amer…………….. 69 -New Hope for …………………..•• 862 Nias Island. Revival on ……………… 398 – Politics and Missions in (b) ………… '. 5 Niger Mission, Harvest Festivals . . . . . . . . . . 1117 – Student Preaching Centres ………….. 1018 Nigeria, Gospel in Tangale……………•• 931 – Suffers froni Volcano………………. 152 Nigeria, Mission,!r, Sl?irit in ………….. 1117 – Training Evangelists in…………….. 835 – Moslem FaVOrItism In ••••••••••••••••••• 732 – Union Church in ………………….. 835 – SUl;l'ar Industri' in …………………. 733 Mexico, Institutional Church in ……..•.. 1109 NigerIan Pastors Association ………….. 1117 Methodist Orphanage in Italy .•..•…….. 1111 NORTH AMERICAN, Academy for In· Methodist Union, Plan for ……………. 248 MICRONESIA, Dr. Pedley in …..••.•.•• 739 dians ………•…………………• 557 Migrant Groups, Lila Bell Acheson…….. 821 NORWAY Becomes Dry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 832 – Workers (a) M. Katharine Bennett. ….• 820 Norwegian Clergymen Form League…..•.. 559 – Workers, Neglected ………………. 556 Nothing to You, Is It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 Ministerial Support, American (b) Joseph B. Old ana the New, The (b) ……………. 249 Only Through Me (Poem) John Oxenham .• 131 Hingeley ……………. ;………… 200 Opium Bonfire, Another .•………….••• 304 Mission Policies, New Foreign (b) …•…. 162 – Fight Wanes …………………….. 650 Missionaries Needed, Kind of (b) .•…….. 584 Opposing Forces in China (b) .••…•••.••.1088 Missionary Idea, Growth of the (b) Geo. F. Organic Church Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392 Orient, Travelers in the …. ; …•……••• 585 Herrick ………….. : .•……••….. 1061 Oriental and Occidental, Christianity (b) …• 956 Missionary Methods for Sunday Schools…. ')79 Orientals, Christian Music in Favor Among 314 – Outlook in Asia Minor (a) James L. Bal' PacifiSt New Responsibilities in the …….. 1119 Paik 1',arly Spring Tells Hi. Story (a) ….•• 773 ton ……………………………. 2 PALESTINE and the Jews ………. 306, 1047 – Play Times Demonstrated (b) Margaret Panama, Protestants Unite in ………….. 1109 PARAGUAY, A Suggestion for ………… 836 T. Applegarth …………………… 913 – Church Mission ..•••……..•.•••…•• 558 – Training in the Sunday School (a) George – Proposed Work for ………………… 732' Paris, Christian Power House in . . . . . . . . . . . 151 H. Trull …………………..•….. 343 Paris, Jews in ………………………. 1110 Missions in the Home (a) Mrs. E. C. Cronk 813 Pearl Divers in the Persian Gulf (a) D. – The Enlarging Definition of (b) Tyler Dykstra …………..•………….• 675 Dennett …… ,'………………….. 182 Peking, New Christian University at (b)… 85 – Princeton Center in ••………••..••… 141 Mohammedan Challenge in U. S..•..•••••• 154 – Union Church …………..•….•••.•• 650 – Decay •…… ; ……………………• 1020 Pennsylvania Town Record …….•••.•.••• 642 PERSIA, Extending Work in.•..•…••… 562 – Lands, opportunity in (b) Sam'!' M. Zwe· – Situation in North (b) ……………… 952 mer ……………………………. 273 – Still Chaotic .. . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . • . • • . . .. 148 Persian Border of Afghanistan, On the (b) – World, The Changing………………. 8 Mohammedanism in the Congo ….•••••••• 732 DwilLht M. Donaldson …••..•.•.•.•••• 533 – Some Figures on……………….. ; .. 314 – Gulf, Pearl Divers in (a) D. Dykstra …. 675 Money Is, Spent, How Our .•••••.•••.••••• 1027 Mormon Field, To Consider ••••••••••••.•• 835 Personals Missionary IX, XI (Jan) V, VI School of Missions Came About, How a (b) (Feb) ……..•.•••. 316, 660, 746, 847, 943 Fannie Everett Webster…………… 220 PERU, A Call from ………………….. 731 Science as a Christian Ally……………. 563 Church and State in Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1056 SCOTLAND, Local Option in …………. 1019 – Presbyterian Union in ….•••.•..•.••… 728 PHILIPPINES Decide for Prohibition ..••. 155 Scott, Thomas J. of India (b) ………….. 722 – Prohibiton in the ………………….. 839 Scottish Memorial in Jerusalem………… 149 -Successful Work in ……………….. 739 Scudder Memorial Hospital……………. 395 – Sunday·School Work in the, A. L. Ryan.. 607 Service, A Missionary Program as a Guide – Twenty Years in………………….. 739 – White Cross Band in ………………. 930 to, Mrs. John Ferguson…………… 1011 PhiliFpines, Plan to Unite Protestant – Men Unite for Church Work ….•……. 309 – Plans for Enlisting Life (b) J. Cambell Schools ………………………… 1118 Pilgrim Fathers, Tercentenary_of……….. 308 White …………………………. 211 Play Times Demonstrated, Missionary •…. 913 Shanghai, Conference Called to Meet in…. 927 Pohtics and Brotherhood in Egypt . . . . . . . . 1117 – Women's Mission Conference At (b) …• 242 Politics and Missions in Mexico………… 5 Shantung, Student Conference in……….. 74 – and Religion in Korea (b)………….. 860 Shelton Among Bandits of Tibet, Dr. (a) .. 631 – in America, Religion and (b) ………… 669 – Bandits Free Dr. . ………………… 396 Polynesian, A Literary……………….. 930 Shintoism Promoted in Korea …………•. 1116 Porto Rican Judge, A ……………….•• 312 SIAM, Possibilities in………………… 10 PORTO RICO, Christianity in . . . . . . . . . . . . • 642 – Systematic Givi!,g in……. …. .. .. .. …. 563 – Seminary Opens in ………………•.. 152 – Too Large a Fleld ……. ·…………… 736 POSt War Missionary Conference (b) …… 720 – Wm. Clifton Dodd (a) Paul M. Hink· Prayer, A Large Factor in Success (b) Paul house ………………………..•.. 103 Harrison ……………………….. 1059 Siamese Missionary Society …………… 147 Prayer, Women's Missionary Day of …….. 11('; SIBERIA, Christian Work in Eastern (b) Prayer and Converts, Geo. A. Huntley…… 58 – and Mission Finance……………….. 59 E. W. Olson and Jos. Vince . . . . . . . . . . . 718 – and Power, Bishop Lambuth ..•..•.•.•.. 874 – Preaching in …………………….. 309 – in India, Answered •….•……..•…..• 726 SICILY, Reform Movement in . . . . . . . . . . . . . 933 – of the Apostle Paul. ……………….. 874 – Revival in …………………….•••. 728 Princeton Center in Peking……………. 141 Sikh, Christian L,oyalty of…………….. 826 Principles of War Applied to Mission……. 34 Silk Industry, Missionary_)n China Touches 142 Program as Guide to Service, Missionary Simpson, Dr. A. B. (a) W. M. Turnbull …. 267 Singapore, Fighting Social Evils in …….• 927 (b) Mrs. John Ferguson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1011 – Mission Schools in…………………. 395 – Outlines for Missionary Meetings ..•..•.. 919 – Street Preaching in………………… 736 Progress in India, Evidences of……….. 8 Singer Sewing Machine Classes ………••. 928 Prohibition, A Year of ………………… 833 Slavs Leaving America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833 Smyrna, Training Center in ….•••.••..••• 307 – and the Salvation Army …………….. 1015 Social Creed, A Presbyterian ………•.••. 232 – in the Philippines ……. ,…………… 839 – Program for Japan………………… 305 – Service in Japan …………………… 565 – Students Organize for ……………… 644 – Work for Factory Employees in India .•. 146 Prohibition, Preparing the Way for in SOLOMON ISLANDS, Bible Work in ….. 640 China ………………………….. 1114 Solomon Islands, Living Epistles in …•..• 1118 Prohibition Progress in Latin America (a) – Generosity of. …….•……………… 640 Soul of the Indian, The, Hugh L. Burleson J. O. Gonzadez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1069 "Red Bible," The ……… , ……….•…. 1111 (a) ••..•……••••••••••••••••••••••• 804 Purity League at Inanda ……………… 554 SOUTH AMERICA, Bible Work in ……. 836 – Movement in Cairo (a) Arthur T. Upson 29 – Garden Republic of (a) W. H. Rainey…. 47 Race Relations, Conference on………… 311 —; Neglected ………………….•…… 731 Rader, Story of Paul (b) Autobiography … 709 – Inter·Racial Committees in the ………. 1016 Radicalism and Unrest, Antidote to (b) ….. 497 South Anierica, Lowland, Indians of. (a) – The Gospel Counteracts, …………… 310 Rag Tag Sunday Schools . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . 564 Geo. M. McBride……………….. 1064 Recognition Meeting,_ A …••….•………. 911 South Awakening, The . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Reconstruction in West Africa (a) Edward Soviet Russia, Religious Conditons in (b) Je· A. Ford ………………………… 122 rome Davis ………………..•….. 263 Red Cross, What the American Did…….. 65 SPAIN, Difficulties in San Sebastian . . . . • . . 831 Redemption of Alaska, The (a) S. Hall Spiritual Forces, Releasing The (b) Wm. E.

– S~~~~Nship' ~;,.d' '(~>' if 'M:' P';t~~t::::::: li~ Doughty …………………..•..••• 202 Statistics for U. S., Religious .•…••.•..•• 252 Religion and Politics m America (b) ….•.. 669 Steer? Shall We Drift or (b) ………….. 957 Religious Movement in Soviet Russia (b).. 7 Stewardship and Redemption (a) Edwin M. Relil!:ious Reconstruction in Europe . . . . . . . . 1052 Republic of South America, Garden (a) W. Poteat ……………………•…… 113 – Hint~ Margaret Applegarth …….••…• 550 H. Rainey ……………………….. 47 – of Llfe, The J. Lovell Murray (b) ……. 208 Revivals in China, Religious…………… 859 Stl'dent Associations, Religious Test for (b) 250 Revol,·tion and Missions, Mexican (a) G. B. – Volunteer Movement Broadens ……….. 834 – Volunteer ¥ovement .Changes …..•…• 495 Winton …………………….•…. 693 – Volunteers m Des Momes (b)………. 82 RHODESIA, Vakaonde of ……………. 829 -Volunteers of Constantinople………… 560 Rockefeller Foundation, Health and…….. 66 Students' Conference, First Bohemiall …… 1l1l Roe Indian Institute, Work of (b) Lee Me· Sudan. Drunkenness in the ………•..•… 732 – Opportunity. in the ………•….•….. 1021 Crae ……………………..•.•••.• 995 – Witch Doctors and Missionaries in D. S. Rome, Methodist College in ………..•••.• 932 RUSSIA, Bibles by Weight in ………… 832 Oyler (b) ……………•………•. 523 – Breath of God in Dark (a)………….. 696 Suicides, Advice to………………….. 397 – Call to Prayer for …………………. 311 Sundar Singh, The Christian Sadhu (a) Dela· – Forces for Life and Deatli in (b) ……. 953 van L. Pierson ………………….. 611 – Religious Conditi..ns in Soviet (b) Jerome Sunday School and the Future of Japan (a) Davis ……….•……………..••.. 263 H. E. Coleman ………………….. 359 – Religious Movement in Soviet (b)…….. 7 – Attendance, Decrease in ……………. 391 Russia, Conditions in Kieff ……………. 1112 – Missionary Training in the (a) George H. Russian Refugee Children……………… 559 – War Prisoners, For ………………… 933 Trull …………………………,.. 343 -Women, Message from (b) ………….. 272 – Where the Drum Calls to (a) Jean Mac· Russians, Fund to Aid ……………•'.•.. 1015 Sadhus, Hi1),du and Christian . . . . . . . • . . . . . . 562· kenzie …………………………. 349 Salvation Army in India . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . • 825 – Work in India (b) Richard Burgess ….. 369 -Army, Prohibition and the ………….. 1015 – Work in the Philippines (a) A. L. Ryan 607 Samoans Believe in Prayer……………. 78 – Work, World Wide (a) Frank L. Brown 331 – Decline Self·Government …….•..•…. 1027 Sunday Schools, Extension …..•….•.•…. 306 SANTO DOMINGO ……………….. 823 – in Asia Minor…………………….. 73 – America in ………………………. 863 – in Europe …………..••…•••…•••• 1019 – Mission Problem in (b) ……………. 757 – in Latin America (b) Samuel Q. Price•• 362 Surplus and Shortage………………… 380 – in India, Objections to Church ………. 493 Surveying the Field at Home, R. E. Diffen· – of Eastern Churches, Proposed ………• 497 – Presbyterians Work Toward ……….•• 555 dorfer ………•………………… 190 UNITED STATES in Haiti, The ………. 959 – the Foreign Fields, (a) F. P. Haggard .. 185 Universities, Religion at State ………….. 939 SWEDEN, Mission Interest in ………… 644 University at Peking, New Christian (b)… 85 SWITZERLAND, Missionary Conference in Unoccupied Fields in Central Asia (a) John (b) …………………………….. 855 R. Muir ……………………….. 91 SYRIA, Changing Customs in ………….. 828 URUGUAY, Religious Freedom in . . . . . . . . . 70 Syria, Churches Suffer from Immigration .. 1l12 Syrian Church, Sunday Schools in………. 394 – Temperance in ……………………. 940 Syrian Smuggler, A Converted (b) Geo. C. Vacation Bible School, SuccessfuL……… 934 Doolittle ………………………. 1084 Venezuela's Need …………………… 233 Tabriz, Industrial Work in …………… 925 VERA CRUZ, Bubonic Plague in ……••.. 939 Tai, Wm. Clifton Dodd, Apostle to the (a) 103 Vision, The Christian, McLeod …,………. 637 Te1ugu Mission Conference ……………. 303 Vocational Training at Chengtu ………… lll5 Telugu's Version of Lord's Prayer……… 926 War Applied to Missions, Principles of (b) Temperance Board Program, New……… 68 Sherwood Eddy …………………. 34 – Education in England ……………… 150 – Cost of the ………………………. 14 – iri Great Britain…………………… 558 – Loss of French and Belgian Protestants .. 558 Tennessee, The Churches in…………… 834 Waldensian Patriots, Memorial for ………. 932 Things our Missionaries Need (a)………. 891 – Seminary Re-opens ………….. . . . . .. 309 TIBET, Dr. Shelton Among Bandits of (a) 631 Vashington Conference ………………. 298 – Medical Work at Gateway to ……….. 926 Welsh Baptist Missionaries, Labors of (a) Timothy Stand-by on Sunday Schools in F. Furniston ……………………. 1085 Ameriky (a) Joseph Clark …………. 372 Vitch Doctors and Missionaries in the Tithing Methods ……………………. 59 TOGO LAND Mandate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 Sudan (b) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 523 Tokyo Convention, Fire at the ………… 1025 Woman's Christian College Tokyo (a) A. K. – Convention, Plans for (b)………….. 327 Tokyo, World Sunday School Convention .. 1053 Reischauer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 786 Tragedy-And the Grace of God, A (a) Caro- – Home Mission Bulletin, Florence E. Quin- line Macdonald ………….. . . . . . . .. 499 lan ………….. 61,226,386,636,820 lOll Training the Church of Tomorrow (b) Wm. – Foreign Mission Bulletin, Mrs. Wm. H. A. Brown ………………………. 537 Farmer …….. 137, 298 549, 723, 919, 1103 TRANSVAAL, Mission Growth in ……… 733 Trindad, Boys' Reformatory in ………… 1110 Women and the Interchurch (a)………. 137 TUNISIA, Religion in (b) A. V. Liley …. 705 Tunisian Jewry, Work for …………….. 149 -in Japan, Work for ………………… 76 TURKEY, American Farm Methods …….. 308 – of Africa, Elevating the (a) Mrs. W. C. – American Mission Schools ………….. 734 – Bible Distribution in……………….. 560 Johnston ……………………….. 530 – Christian Endeavor in……………… 646 romen's Mission Conference in Shanghai – Gedik Pasha School ………………. 307 – in Turmoil (b) ……………………. 321 (b) ……………………………. 242 – Language School in Scutari…………. 924 Woodsmen, Working Among the (a) …… 978 – Loses Dardanelles …………………. 307 – Reconstruction Delayed in………….. 923 World and the Gospel Today, The (b) Vis- Turkish Atrocities and Christian Forbearance count Bryce …………………….. 761 (b) •…•…..•……….••…..•..•.• 244 World's Need, The Challenge of the (a) – Ideas of God (a) George E. White…… 885 Howard Agnew Johnston ……… ·. ….. 15 – Protestant Church, First……………. 646 Turks Turning Toward Christianity……. 560 World S. S. Convention in Tokyo ……… 1053 UGANDA, New Cathedral at. …………. 398 Y. M. C. A. Abroad …………………. 155 Universal Week of Prayer …………….. ll 07 – Activities Transferr~d ……………… 68 Unchurched Protestant Americans Reside, – in China .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 737 – New Outlook for (b)……………… 3 Where 58 Millions (b) …………… 175 – War Funds ………………………. 555 Union, Efforts to Promote Church …….. 166 Y. W. C. A. for Chinatown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557 Y. W. C. A. Training SchooL …………. lll3 YUCATAN, Institutional Work in . . . . . . . . . . 153 Yunnan, Christian Tribesmen in ………… 929 Zambesi Industrial Mission …………••.. 829 Zionism, Opposition to ……………….. 646 Zionist Plans Delayed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Zionists, Conference of. …………….•.. 1020 NEW BOOKS, Africa, Slave or Free. John H. Harris…… 568 T. Applegarth …………………… 1036 Armenia and the Armenians. Kevork Asian 659 Life of General William Booth. Harold Beg- Bible and Missions, The. Helen Barrett bie ……………………………. 744 Montgomery ……………………. 1034 Madagascar, A Century of Adventures. Rob- Call of the South, The. V. 1. Masters….. 846 China of the Chinese. E. T. C. Werner … 741 ert Griffith ……………………… 656 – Mission Year Book …………………. 741 Mexicans and Spanish Americans in U. S. A. Chinese Heart Throbs. Jennie V. Hughes .. 1031 Christian Movement in the Japanese Em~ J. S. Stowell …………………… 1038 Missionary Outlook in the Light of the pire. Edwin Taylor Iglehart……….. 80 Christianizing Christendom. S. L. Morris.. 80 War …………. ; ………………. 742 Conscripts of Conscience. C. A. Mason… 157 Foreign Missions Conference Report…….. 845 Negro: An American Asset, The. S. J'. Foreign Missions Year Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571 Foundations of Mormonism, Thl!. W. E. Fisher ……………………….•.• 845 New Social Order, Harry F. Ward ……….. 743 La Rue .•………………………. 83 Pioneer of New Guinea, A. Edgar Rogers .. 1037 Plans for Sunday School Evangelism. Frank Frank Higgins, Trail Blazer. Thomas D. Whittles ……. " ……………….. 1030 L. Brown ………………………. 568 Rebirth of Korea. Hugh Heung-wo Cynn .. 844 Garo Jungle Book. Wm. Carey and others .. 841 Sadhu Sundar Singh. Mrs. Arthur Parker 743 Gospel and the New World, The. R. E. School of Mother's Knee. Margaret Apple- Speer ………………………….. 84 garth ………………………….. 656 Home Missions Council Report………… 572 Social and Religious Life of Italians in Hudson Taylor, Marshall Broomhall …….. 656 America. E. C. Sartorio………….. 846 Influence of Animism on Islam. S. M. Social Gospel and the New Era. J. M. Zwemer …•……………………. 742 Barber …………………………. 81 Intervention in Mexico. S. G. Inman…… 83 Some Aspects of Chinese Life' and Thought.. 157 Italian Fellow Citizens, Our. F. E. Clark.. 82 Some Aspects of International Christianity. Jewels from the Orient. Lucy S. Bain- John Kelman ……………………. 842 bridge .•…..•….•……………… 1036 Soul of America, The. C. L. Thompson…. 82 Korea's Fight for Freedom. F. A. Mc- Three Hour Sermon. Paul Kanamori. …… 743 Tragedy of Bitlis. Grace H. Knapp. XVIII Kenzie. x April Labrador Doctor, A. W. T. Grenfell…… 80 April. Lamp Lighters Across the Sea. Margaret Truth About China and Japan. B. L. Put- nam Weale. XII April. W"rk and Play in the Grenfell Mission. H.

P. and F. E. Greeley ……•..•….•.•. 655

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1920

XLIII NUMBER

DECEMBER, 1920 GROWTH OF THE MISSIONARY IDEA GEORGE F. HERRICK PROHIBITION PROGRESS IN LATIN AMERICA JUAN O. GONZALEZ FIRST BAPTISM IN KUWEIT, ARABIA E. E. CALVERLY MY BROTHER IN OVERALLS COE HAYNE GOD'S WILL FOR THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER BEST METHODS FOR CHRISTMAS MRS.E.C. CRONK ~2.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COPY MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY :COOPERSTOWN, NEW YORK 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK

A World at War!

A World at Peace!

IN BOTH CASES IT NEEDS FOREIGN MISSIONS No other agency so greatly fosters International Good-will and Fellowship The Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions is call- ing for 200 well qualified missionaries this year FIRST. ORDAINED MEN. The War lessened the number of theological students in the United States. We are ready to send every sllitable man. They are the great evangelizers. SECOND. EDUCATORS. Men and Women. For Grammar School. High School and College. We need thoroughly prepared and experienced teachers. THIRD. DOCTORS (both men and women) and Nurses. Our hospitals all over the world are crowded with patients. but inadequately supplied with doctors and nurses. FOURTH. INDUSTRIAL AND AGRICULTURAL WORK- ERS. India. South America. China and other lands are calling for themmen to underbuild a Christian civilization. ALL OF THESE RECRUITS must be MissioTlllrJi first and above all. Thoroughly equipped. Of sound physical health. Able to work well with other people. Approll:imately between 25 and 35 years of age.

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CONTENTS FOR DECEMBER, 1920 Page FRONTISPIECE …………………. TntRRA DEI, FUEGO INDIANS OJ! SOU'I'H AMltRICA EI)ITORIAL COMMENT …………..•……………………………….. 1047 W ORI,D SUNDAY SCHOOl, CONVENTION AT RlI,IGlOUS R!tCONSTRUC'I'ION IN EURoPlt TOKYO AFTER THE WAR IN THE FAR EAST THE JAPANESE IN CALIFORNIA THE New ARMIlNIA MISSIONS AND P!tACE IN' JAPAN FACTORS IN ARABIA AND MeSOPOTAMIA PAr.ESTINIl AND THE JEWS THE INTERCHURCH AND THE FUT= A LARGE FACTOR IN SUCCESS …………………. PAUI, HARRISON, M.D. 1059 THE GROWTH OF THE MISSIONARY IDEA .. RJlV. GIlOReE F. HeRRICK, D. D. 1061 LOWLAND INDIANS OF SOUTH AMERICA ………… GIlOReE M. McBRIDE 1064 PROHIBITION PROGRESS IN LATIN AMERICA …… JUAN O. GONZAr.EZ 1069 CONSTANTINOPLE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN ……… EVEI,INE A. THOMPSON 1074 THE FIRST BAPTISM IN KUWEIT, ARABIA ………. REV. E. E. CAI,veRI,Y 1075 MY BROTHER IN OVERALLS ………………………….. REV. Co>: HAYNE 1078 A CONVERTED SYRIAN SMUGGLER ………… Rev. GIlORe>: C. DOOLITTI,>: 1084 LABORS OF WELSH BAPTIST MISSIONARIES …… .. Rev. F. FURNISTON 1085 OPPOSING FORCES IN CHINA ……………… FROM "CHINA'S MII,I,lONS" 1088 GOD'S WILL FOR THE MOSLEM WORLD .. RJlV. SAMUEl, M. ZWEMltR, D. D. 1089 BEST METHODS FOR CHRISTMAS …………………. MRS. E. C. CRONK 1095 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN AN IN'l'ERDENOMINATIONAI, CHRISTMAS EDITED BY MRS. WM. H. FARMIlR 1103 GIFT WOMAN'S MISSIONARY DAY OF PRAYER NEWS FROM MANY LANDS………………………………………… 1107 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ……………………………………….. 1120 INDEX FOR 1920 ……•………………•……………………………… 1121 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1920, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Cooperstown, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

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Copyrighted, 1920 LATEST ISSUES Reminiscences of Dan'iel Bliss Two Gift Books Unusually Good! First President of the Syrian Protestant College, Syria Missionary and Educator Chinese Heart Throbs Edited and Supplemented by His Eldest Son With Introduction by Mary The story of his early days; his term of service, as missionary Stone, (Shih Mei Yu), M. D. of the American Board, in the Lebanon; his more than sixty years of association with the famous Beirut institution, etc. By Jennie V. Hughes Illustrated, net $2.25. Miss Hughes displays a rare in- sight into and sympathy with the The Dawn of a New Era in Syria people of the Land of Sinim. Her work is instinct with the true By Margaret McGilvary missionary spirit rendered emi- nently readable by many touches A deeply interesting account of what happened in Syria dur- of literary grace. ing the past five years. Not a mass of hearsay evidence, but authentic data vouched for by reliable and credible wit- Illustrated, net $1.50. nesses. This book possesses historical, missionary and polit- ical significance of more than ordinary value.

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A Moslem Seeker After God By Samuel M. Zwemer, F. R. G. S.

A volume of intensely interesting data concerning the life, CHINA, the influence and teaching of the great Persian mystic AI- Mysterious and Ghazali, one of the very greatest figures in the Mohammedan world. A notable addition to literature on this subject.

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The Three-Hour Sermon-on God, Marvelous By Victor Murdock Sin and Salvation Editor, Journalist, Congress- Introduction by Robert E. Speer man, Chairman Federal By Rev. Paul Kanamori Trade Commission Here is a sermon which has been preached over eight hun- . Dr. A. W. Halsey, Secretary Presbyterian Board of Foreign dred times in Japan, and secured nearly 50,000 conversions. Missions, says: Robert E. Speer says: "Many have wished to know how an "Filled with factful sugges- tions regarding China. The able Japanese, with such an experience as Mr. Kanamori, author has little use for one VI<ho fails to see good in the missioncould put the Christian Message. I trust it may have a wide ary. He has an eye always circulation." Net $1.25. . open for the graphic and pic- torial. Present dry conditions- Sadhu Sundar Singh economic, social, political-are presented as though from an (Called of. God) By Mrs. Arthur Parker intellectual kodak. A book for Americsns to read." London Missionary Society, Trivandram, India Illustrated, net $2.50 "His story, ably told by Mrs. Arthur Parker, reads like a book of Apostolic adventure. Paul's perils of waters and of robbers were Sundar Singh's also. Rejected by his family he has become India's foremost evangelist."-S. S. Times.

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A prayer a day for· three WHAT WILL IT MEAN!

months, a prayer in harmony January first will no doubt usher with the Bible reading for thnt in thousamis-millions-of new resoday. Not more than Ii Ie lutions. Resolutions aimed at lmsiminutes is needed. The choice ness prosperity, better health, public of topics is a happy one and service, self-improvement, higher ideals-a thousand and one things. the prayers are of a high How many of those new resolutions order. Each page of EVERY will mean a determination to really MORNIN G is printed in large help forward the Kingdom of God size, easily read type. Cloth, to do something definite of service $l.50. to our fellow men. It is indeed a commendable thing to approve of missions; it is a Christian thing to believe in missions; Day by Day With it is a Christian duty to give to mis- . sions. But it is nobler still to work the Master for the promotion of the missionary cause-to be a. real factor in the program of the Kingdom. Will your by Robert Cluett New Year's resolution this year in- clude the purpose to take a real part In this new book Mr. Cluett in the campaign of God for the salhas in mind the many earnest vation of mankind? boys and girls eager to form helpful habits of daily Bible All can not take up missionary work in the foreign field, but each one can be a vital force at home–:t reading and prayer. Read- vital force to promote missionary ings and prayers for three interest among friends and acquaintmonths-a topic for each day, ances. One practical and simple way relating to important inci- in which you can do this is to sect:re dents in the life of Christ: a one or more additional SUbscriptions few words of comment: a brief for the REVIEW.

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TYPICAL TIERRA DEL FUEGO INDIANS OF SOUTH

MISSIONARY

EVIEW, VOL. DECEMBER, 1920 NUMBER XLIII TWELVE PALESTINE AND THE JEWS E VEN with a British mandate over Palestine and a Jewish Governor, the Hebrews are not finding their lot an easy OIl(l in their ancestral land. A new· era has undoubtedly been inaugurated, and thousands of Jews are returning to Palestine, butthey are not welcomed by their Moslem and Christi.an neighbors.· .

Last July, Sir Herbert Samuel, the British High Commissioner, called a large assembly of the people on the Mount of Olives to hear the King's message outlining the policy for the government of Palestine. It was a gala assembly. The hall was crowded with an impressive display provided by the picturesque costumes of the Allied Consuls, military officers, ecclesiastical dignitaries, Grand Rabbis (including the Grand Rabbi ·of Egypt, clothed in scarlet, purple and blue), Patriarchs, the Grand Mufti, white-turbaned Mullahs, the directors and representatives of the Jewish colonies and Jerusalem society, turbaned village peasants and sheikhs, effendis and members of the native aristocracy, Bedouin sheikhs, in flowing robes of purple with silver headgear, from the Arab camps at Beersheba, where Abraham pitched his tent; with a sprinkling of khaki and red tabs, and finally a few ladies belonging to Jerusalem's influential circles. The High Commissioner, in a white diplomatic uniform with purple sash, read the King's Message to the people of Palestine, assuring them of the "absolute impartiality with which the duties of the Mandatory Power will be carried out, and of the determination of the Government to respect the rights of every race and every creed. "The Message assured the people that the Allied Powers "have decided that :measures shall be adopted to secure the gradual establishment in Palestine of a National Home for the Jewish people."

Sir Herbert Samuel delivered an address in English, which was translated into Arabic and Hebrew. In this address, which was delivered both in Jerusalem and at Haifa, he said: 1047

.. Ln whatever part of the world British rule prevails there is complete freedom and eljuality for all religions; there is equal Justice for every person in the land.

regardless of his station, race and creed; order is maintained with a firm hanel, corruption is suppressed, taxation is made equitable for the people, the eco- nomic development of the country is pro- moted and the prosperity of the inhabi- tants increased. Great Britain asks for no pri,ileges for herself-no tribute is drawn to swell her own revenues, and the taxes paid by the people are spent for the benefit of the people. These are sound principles of government; these are the foundations of the greatness of the British Empire.

Palestine will constitute a separate ad- ministration in direct communication with His Majesty's Ministers in London.

lI!hen the Mandate has passed through its final stages the Civil Service of the country will be established on a perma- SIR HERBERT SAMUEL nent footing, with security of employ- The Hebrew High Commissioner of Palestine ment, subject to efficiency and good be- haviour, and pension rights for certain classes of its officers. I am about to nominate an Advisory Council, small in number, consisting mainly of officials of the Government, but containing also ten unofficial members, chosen from various sections of the people. The Council will meet at frequent intervals, and drafts of ordinances dealing with matters of importance, and the annual financial Ludget, will be submitted to the Council for advice.

"In the draft of the Turkish Peace Treaty an article has been inserted providing for the appointment of a Special Commission by the British Government to study and regulate all questions and claims relating to the different religious communities in Palestine. In the composition of this Commis- sion the religious interests concerned will be taken into account. * * * Mean- while all the questions with which the Commission will be called on to deal.

including any relating to the Holy Places, will be held in suspense.

"I propose to appoint a Land Commission, consisting of a British official and two other members, in which Jews, Mohammedans and Christians may have full confidence, and whose function will be to ascertain what lands are available for closer settlement, to promote the development of the conntry, and insure that no injustice is suffered by existing cultivators, graziers, Or owners. The early establishment of banks to grant long term credits to agriculturists and urban businesses will be promoted. The railways will be taken over very shortly by the civil administration. There is under consideration a large programme of public works, including the construction and improvement of roads, the development of telegraphic and telephonic communication, the pro- . vision of electric power throughout the country, the construction of a harbor at Haifa, the drainage of swamps, and afforestation on suitable lands. The Department of Public Health will labor for the improvement of the health of the population, and particularly for the extirpation of malaria. As the

EDITORIAL COMMENT

revenues of the country expand with increasing prosperity the Department of Education will be able to accomplish more and more for the education of the people-the first condition in every country of a high standard of civilization. Historic buildings, which help to render Jerusalem an object of pro- found interest to visitors from all over the world, will be reverently preserved, and measures will be taken to improve the aspect of the ancient city. Archaeological research will be promoted, and steps will be taken to secure the proper planning of the new quarters, which may be expected to arise in many towns in Palestine, and every effort will be made to encourage pilgrims and travelers to the Holy Land. The ports and frontiers will be opened to limited immigration, and its numbers will be proportioned to the employment and housing accommodation available in the country.

"I pray that the blessing of Almighty God, before whom Mohammedan, Christian, and Jew bow with equal reverence, may rest upon this .assembly and upon all the people of this land."

At a Zionist Oonference in London, July 7th to 22nd, attended by about three hundred delegates and presided over by Justice Brandeis, a fund of £25,000,000 was agreed upon to forward colonization and education of Jews in Palestine. Steps were also taken to convene a World Jewish Conference, which shall be the authoritar tive body to speak and act on behalf of Jewish people in all national affairs. Mr. Balfour, who spoke at a great Albert Hall demonstrar tion, declared it to be the purpose of the British Government to cooperate with the Jews in a way that will make Palestine "in the fullest measure and degree of success, a home for the Jewish people." Here is another step in the fulfilment of Prophecy.

THE NEW OUTLOOK IN EGYPT T HE new Anglo-Egyptian Agreement means that tL unique experiment is to be made in the Near East. Egypt is to be the first of the Arabic-speaking Moslem countries touching the Mediterranean to make the venture in self-government along modern lines. What an opportunity and responsibility this givee to the American and British missionaries to help in building up tL strong well-governed nation which shall be an example to all the other people of the Near East.

This Anglo-Egyptian Agreement has as yet appeared only in draft form but it is an official announcement which embodiee two proposals: 1. Great Britain will a.ssume responsibility for foreign relations and for the maintenance of the" capitulation rights" of foreigners.

2. In home rule, Egypt will have an independent, monarchical, constitutional government.

This is the first time that an Arabic-speaking Moslem country ha.s set out upon the pathway of self~determination along the lines of modern constitutional government. Turkey attempted something of the sort under the young Turks and Persia established a constitu-

tional ~overnment but these are not Arabic-speaking countries. Syria is watching Egypt and wishing for a similar opportunity. Ara.bia looks on with interest, but little approving these ideas of a modern State. Palestine is sure to be deeply affected as are other Mohammedan lands, such as Algeria and Tunisia, which for long years have touched the life of Europe, but have never yet received a chance for self-determination.

A number of steps still remain to be taken before the British proposals become effective. Egypt must draft the Constitution and laws which are to govern her new political life and Great Britain must secure the assent of the Capitulatory Powers to the proposed arrangements. But the future has been marked out and the Egyptian nation may busy itself at once with the great issues of the new political venture. Decades are required to test out the practicability of the plan.

The Nationalistic Movement in Egypt is clearly described by Sir Valentine Chiral in his recent book "The Egyptian Problem." The modern Egyptian Nationalist traces his idealism back to the first of the Khedives, Mohammed Ali; overlooking the fact that the latter was not an Egyptian at all. The ordinary student of Egypt, however, credits the great War with a general awakening of the Near East and with the impartation to Egypt of that national se1£- consciousness which has raised the cry of independence. At any rate, it was at the close of the war that thc cry became insistent and November thirteen, 1918, (just two days after the Armistice) is reckoned the formal birthday of Nationalism. On that day, Saad Pasha Zaghlul and some of his friends called upon Sir Reginald Wingate, the British High Commissioner and made a formal demand, as in behalf of the Egyptian people, for the abolition of the Protectorate and the recognition of the complete independence of Egypt. Then followed the ceaseless agitation on the subject of independence, the Memorandum sent to all the Plenipotentiaries of the Peace Conference, the effort to send a Commission to Paris, the arrest and the exile to Malta of Zaghlul Pasha and his party, the riots throughout Egypt, the suppression or the rebellion by the military, the liberation of the prisoners, the long campaign by means of strikes of Government officials, the appointment of the Milner Commission, the long refusal of the Nationalists to countenance any negotiations and the final agrerments rea.ched by conferences between the Milner Commission and the Zaghlul Delegation at London. Nationalism has won, but the victory has ushered in the more difficult task .of establishing and conducting a stable, independent government in a land that has hitherto had, little experience in selfgovernment..

. The new political era upon which Egypt is entering will tax to the utmost all the resources of the country which make for

EDITORIAL COMMENT

stability and morality. The Christian forces at work have an unusual and inspiring opportunity to help in this work of nation-building.

The whole administration and projection of education in the Nile Valley now comes under Egyptian control. Are foolish schemes to be launched perverting the intellectual life of Egypt with a superficial vVestern education, or will Government education advance along lines that impart genuinely useful knowledge, sound mental discipline and high moral ideals 1 This is a time of times when wise, sympathetic, tactful, self-effacing counselors are needed. Such are the American alid British educational leaders, whose ideals are universally recognized. This is a unique opportunity for the School of Education of the American University at Cairo, if only it can be strengthened at once· by substantial reinforcements so that it may give direction in these plastic days to the constitutional formulas which Egypt will adopt. In the early days of Japanese Nationalism, God had placed in the ranks of the Christian missionary body in Japan Professor Verbeck whose contributions to Japanese political self-determination are recognized today. American missionary educators may do a similar work for the young Egyptian nation. There is a great opportunity for building up, in Egypt, high ideals of citizenship, of public morality and of disinterested public service. These ideals must be practical and above all they must be Christian.

Compare Egypt today with Egypt as it was when the British Occupation began, and we find that Lord Gromer's administration yields wonderful results in financial rehabilitation. But the more startling figures are those that compare Egypt before and after the war. During the war, Egypt's great asset of wealth, her agricultural productivity, was never reduced but the national was greatly increased.

"One of the most noticeable facts," says Dr. Charles R. Watson in reporting on his recent visit to Egypt, "is the increasing emancipation of women in Egypt from the laws of seclusion and self-effacement which have governed them in Arab and Moslem society in the past. Formerly, to be unveiled was a sign of immorality as well as of immodesty. Only by adopting Western dress could the implications of an unveiled face be avoided. But now, the streets of Cairo are dotted with figures that have cast away the veil or reduced it to the barest formality. Egyptian women can now be seen walking alongside of their husbands instead of following ten paces behind them. The recent Nationalistic demonstrations helped to bring into sharp relief the increased liberty which Egyptian society is ready to allow to women, for at that time they marched in public processions, some on foot and some in carriages. They carried flags and national banners and even addressed public audiences. They served as

pickets in the days when Government officials were striking." This is one ·of the signs of the emergence of a new Egypt. The great question is-shall it be a nation dominated by rationalism and materialism or by Christian truth and ideals ~ RELIGIOUS RECONSTRUCTION IN EUROPE D R. JOHN R. Mott, who has been making almost annual visits to Europe in the past twenty-five years, has recently returned from a four months' tour spent in Conferences and investigation. At the Missionary Conference in Switzerland last August a new International Missionary Committee was created to suggest policies for the work of the various Boards in the mission fields. The first meeting of this Committee will be in America next year.

Dr. Mott reports that the rehabilitation .of the nations is gradually being brought about. Next to Great Britain, Belgium is recovering most rapidly; then come Czecho-Slovakia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Austria and finally Russia. The last two countries are in an almost hopeless condition. Irritation, suspicion and lack of harmony is still evident between the European governments and among the peoples as well. There is also a spirit of suspicion toward the United States because of the unwillingness of the government to sign the peace treaty, to join the League of Nations or to accept any mandate. There is dissatisfaction and misunderstanding, combined with impatience and caustic criticism. There is, however, great appreciation for the wonderful ministry of healing and unselfish philanthropy carried on by the American Red CrDss and .other agencies. It is the Christian wDrkers from America that must help tD heal the .open SDre .of EurDpe. The Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. O. A. are dDing a great work in the Polish Army, and in .other lands. New DPPDrtunities are .opening in the Balkan States and RDbert P. Wilder has been asked tD gD .over there early next year tD CDnduct cDnferences and evangelistic meetings aInDng the students in thDse cDuntries.

Spiritual and sDcial reconstructive work is also being carried .on effectively in EurDpe by variDus American denDminatiDnal agencies, including the United Lutherans, the NDrthern and SDuthern Methodists, the Presbyterians, Baptists, EpiscDpalians and Friends. Orphanages have been established and churches are strengthened. The American kindergartners are dDing a remarkable wDrk fDr the children of Europe under the leadership of Miss Fanniebelle Ourtis, fDrmerly superintendent .of kindergartens in Greater New YDrk. The McAll MissiDn in France is a pDwerful agency, the funds for which CDme largely from America; and the Gospel Mission in Belgium, under Mr. and Mrs. Ralph NortDn, is cDnducting a work that ShDWS spiritual power and practical results.

There is still great suffering in Europe, but it is a suffering the

EDITORIAL COMMENT

underlying cause of which is spiritual famine. If Russia, Germany, Austria, the Balkan States, Italy, France and the other countries l;ould experience a real spiritual revival it would mean a new morale, a restoration of confidence and harmony, stimulation of honest industry, an awakening of the public conscience and a new relationship toward God that would make Europe a new continent. But, as has often been said and needs to be said again, this can only come through a right relation of the people of Europe to Jesus Christ, the Son of God. American Christians have a heavy responsibility and a rich privilege in interpreting Christianity to the suffering multitudes of Europe.

THE TOKYO CONVENTION T HE Eighth World Sunday School Convention, which opened on October 5 and closed October 14, was not seriously handi- capped by the fire that destroyed the $90,000 Convention Hall. Although 500 people were rehearsing in the chorus, preliminary to the opening of the Convention, no one was seriously injured. A great cause for thanksgiving is that if the fire had occurred four hours later, when the building was crowded with 3000 or more visitors, a great loss of life would have been unavoidable. The opening of the Imperial Theater for the meetings, with its seating capacity of 2300 people, made a marked impression o;n the Japanese. The bad ventilation was, however, a serious handicap.

Over eighteen hundred delegates attended the Tokyo convention, coming from seventeen countries in five continents. Many prominent Japanese showed interest in this large Christian gathering. Premier Hara offered the Imperial Diet Halls for the use of the Convention. The Emperor of Japan, Viscount Shibusawa, Baron Sakatani, Baron Okura and others showed the delegates many courtesies, and a member of parliament, Hon. S. Ebara, was chairman of the National Sunday School Association of Japan.

The Convention delegates included many distinguished missionaries, ministers, educators,' business men and leaderf! in the field of religious education from all parts of the world. The presiding officer was Justice J . •T. Maclaren of Canada, who was presented by Prince Tokugawa with a gavel made of oak.

The program was built around the general theme-" The Sunday School and World Progress" and a daily theme expressed the special emphasis of each day. Under the direction of Prof. and Mrs. H. Augustine Smith, assisted by Japanese leaders, a program of pageantry, music and art was provided which was closely related to the theme. The program included four great pageants, stereopticon lectures, instruction in Sunday-school music, as well as inspirational song services. One of the most helpful features was the large exhibit.

Two complimentary excursions with chartered trains were given all delegates to Kamakura, the ancient capital of Japan, and to Yokohama, one of her great seaport cities, where the visitors were entertained by the Governors, Mayors and the leading citizens of these great municipalities. On the last night the Emperor sent a message by a personal representative expressing the interest of the Imperial Household in the success of the Convention. This is without precedent in the history of Japan. At a reception given by the city of Tokyo at Hibiya Park the Mayor of Tokyo, Viscount Tajiri, said: lIWe appreciate your coming to Tokyo, for you come here for the sake of Christianity and humanity. In the name of Christ and in the spirit of Christianity we are brothers, we are sisters."

The resolutions adopted by the Convention spoke in behalf of more than thirty million officers, teachers and scholars in thirty countries of the world. These resolutions affirmed the principles of world brotherhood, with special reference to, international relationships, and recorded the conviction that "brotherhood must be vitalised so as to have a direct relation to the Kingdom of God. A passion for righteousness is the moral minimum with which international relations can be safeguarded. W orId brotherhood requires an international consciousness. This can only be acquired through the unlimited expansion of our own personality. The spacious world mind can come only through fellowship with Him who is at once Son of God and Son of Man."

On Sunday afternoon the delegates and Sunday-schools of Tokyo held a rally at Hibiya Park when 20,000 people assembled to hear the Sunday-school addresses. It was an inspiring sight to witness a sea of pennants,· carried by all waving in the air and to hear the great multitude of Sunday-school children sing the songs of the Kingdom that gave evidence that the childhood of Japan was fast catching the Sunday-school spirit. The Exhibit attracted 40,000 people, and the 51 extension meetings throughout Tokyo were attended by 33,000. After the convention fifty cities over Japan were visited, and meetings were addressed by delegates from abroad.

One of the great climaxes of the gathering was the Investment Service when $40,000 per year for four years was contributed by the delegates to world work. The officers elected for the next quadrenium are as follows: President-Hon. John Wanamaker, Philadelphia; Treasurer-Mr. Paul Sturdevant, New York. The Executive was organized by the election of James W. Kinnear, Pittsburgh, Chairman and Mr. Arthur M. Harris, New York, Vice Chairman. Frank L. Brown, LL. D., was reelected General Secretary. The next World Sunday-school convention will meet in Buenos Aires, Argen- tine, in 1924. While there were many helpful features of the convention and some inspiring addresses, the effort to show appreciation of Japanese

EDITORIAL COMMENT

hospitality and to win the cooperation of pr,ominent non-Christian Japanese; tended to weaken the Christian testimony of the convention.

A correspondent who attended the meetings, and was able to note the effect on missionaries, foreign delegates, speakers and Japanese Christians writes that the delegates were neady feted to death by the government officials. There was unfortunately too much compromise with "heathenism" in the desire to be friendly with Japan. One of the Japanese who helped to finance the Convention, when invited to address the delegates, made it clear that he was not a Christian, and that his interest in the occasion must not be interpreted as loyalty to Christ. At a luncheon, given by a friendly Buddhist to aboutone hun- dred foreign delegates, a Buddhist speaker referred to the" Resolu- tions on International Relati<.Jns" passed by the Convention as read- ing "like a new Bible." In response one of the officers of the Conven- tion expressed the belief that the day is fast approaching when Chris- tial1s will clasp hands with Buddhists in a united effort to uplift man- kind. He then moved that BaronS-(an unconverted Buddhist) be elected an honorary member of the World's Sunday-school Associa- tion. Such an attitude may help to break down barriers between Christians and non-Christians, but compromise and a lowering of standards can never help 'forward the Cause of Christ in the world, and are unworthy of His loyal followers.

The World's Sunday-school Association is doing a great work in non-Christian lands through its efforts to train children in the Bible as the Word of God, to lead them to Christ as their Saviour and Lord and to enlist them in Christian service. It is of utmost importance that no~hing be allowed to obscure their Christian testimony to the absolute necessity of loyal obedience to Jesus, the Son of God and Saviour of man. '

THE JAPANESE IN CALIFORNIA T HE passage ,of the Alien Land Law by a referendum vote in California has naturally caused offense to the Japanese, and has awakened concern in missionary circles. The law forbids the ownership of land in California by aliens who cannot be assimilatedby becoming citizens. The Japanese resent this as discriminating against them, and the feeling aroused in Japan is making missionary work more difficult. The Federal Council of Churches, through their Commi~sion on Relations with the Orient, urges that this problem should be solved through close cooperation with ,the Department of State at Washington in accordance with the principles of honor and justice.

The total population of California has, in the last ten years, increased by 1,048,987, while the Japanese population has only; increased 3.6 per cent of the whole, or 38,500, (chiefly by births). The

entire Japanese population of California is about 2.3 per cent of the whole, or 80,000 Japanese in contrast with 3,420,000 Americans. The Japanese births numbered, in 1917, 4,108, as against 47,313 white births. The land situation is not as serious as represented, since the Japanese own less than 75,000 acres out of 11,400,000 acres under cultivation.

The growing liberal movement in Japan, which is battling against military autocracy, is hamperEd and threatened by anti-Japanese legislation in America. Debates have been held by students in Japan to discuss whether or not their government is justified in breaking off friendly relations with America. A declaration of war was not considered expedient but considerable resentment was expressed because of California's anti-Japanese legislation.

In the interest of humanity, world friendship and Christian principles this problem should be studied dispassionately, and settled on a basis that is fair to all and without discrimination against one race. Laws may be established guarding the rights of citizenship, of immigration, of suffrage and of land ownership, without unjust discrimination against anyone class on the ground of race, birth or previous condition or nationality. The Christian people of America wish to have national and inter-national problems settled on this basis. There are real difficulties in the problem, and it may be necessary to place restrictions that will guard American rights and institutions; but such restrictions must be impartial, and in accord with national honor and welfare.

CHURCH AND STATE IN PERU R ECENT political events in Peru have been most interesting from a missionary view point. In September a Divorce Law was passed by the national Congress. Two years ago a Bill was introduced in the Senate in favor of civil marriage and absolute divorce. The Senate approved the measure, but the document passed into the power of the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Lima, who refused to hand it back. However, His Excellency was – at last obliged to let the measure follow its parliamentary course, with the result that it passed through the Lower House with an overwhelming majority-only five deputies voting against it. The extraordinary thing is that this result was achieved in spite of the threats of the Archbishop, the anathemas of friars, the protests of priest-duped women, and the endeavors of the President of the RepUblic, a strong conservative. Even should the President veto the measure, his veto can only delay its promulgation; for the next Congress is empowered by the Constitution to put it into force.

Dr. John A. McKay of Lima, writes: "The new law consists of two main parts. The first makes civil marriage obligatory for

EDITORIAL COMMENT

Catholics as well as Protestants. The second establishes the right of divorce. The new law does not deny the religious significance of marriage but i~ makes Catholics and Protestants, who wish to contract matrimony, equal before the law, so that both can have recourse to their respective ministers for the solemnization of the rite, and multitudes of poor people who have hitherto been com- pelled to live in concubinage, because their resources were not equal to the exorbitant fees charged by priests for the celebration of marriage, will now be able to enter into honorable marriage. Benefi- cent results may therefore be expected from the <new law in the social life of Peru. The second part of the measure, which permits of divorce on other grounds than that of adultery, and sanctions the remarrying of the guilty as well as of the innocent party is objec- tionable from a Christian view point, and is an evidence of tlw tide of radicalism and anti-Christian sentiment that i!l beginning to surge in these old centers of Romish domination. An evidence of this is provided by the words of the chief promoter of the Bill in the Chamber of Deputies. Combating the ideal of the religiou!! significance of marriage he exclaimed: 'What can religion do against the human pa'Ssions ~' "

At no previous time in the history of Peru has there been such a challenge to the Protestant Church, not only to evangelize the masses, but also to enlighten the minds of the classes, on the sublime principles of the true Christian faith, which are the fountainhead of all that is worth while in modern civilization.

THE INTERCHURCH AND THE FUTURE T HREE things seem to be clear about the Interchurch World' Movement. First, the organization is practically dead and will not be resurrected; second, no new organization should be attempted to take its place; and third, certain ideals should be conserved and carried out by existing organizations.

It seems to be beyond question that there is little left of the Interchurch except a sad memory, some valuable lessons and a debt. The memory will linger, it is hoped that the lessons will be profitable and that the debt will be paid. The Movement was founded on ideals, some of which were impractical and others were obscured and made inoperative by wrong methods. There are, however, facts gathered by the surveys, besides numerous maps, charts and photographs that should be used before they are out of date. There was also interest aroused and information scattered that may still bring in a harvest of missionary effort.

The Reorganization Committee of the Movement, after three days spent in conference with representatives of other religious organizations, in New York City in November, adopted a resolution which may result in the Federal Council of Churches of Christ

in America taking over much of the Interchurch activities. The resolution was as follows: In bringing about the further conservation of the values of the Interchurch World Movement we request the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America to call a thoroughly representative council of the following agencies in the month of December, if possible, or early January, to work out the best plan to bring about the most helpful work and relationships and arrangements on their part.

The organizations referred to are the Federal Council, the Reorganization Committee of the Interchurch, the Home Missions Council of the United States and Canada, the Foreign Missions Conference of North America, the Federation of Women's Foreign Mission Boards, the Council of Women for Home Missions, the International Sunday School Association and the Council of Church Boards of Education. The personnel of the conference is to be determined by the Chairman and General Secretary or other two officials of each of the foregoing agencies in consultation.

Just what will be the outcome of this plan it is too early to state, but there is hope for some feasible method of co-operation among evangelical Christian agencies to carry out the Great Commission of Christ.

A BIBLE UNION IN CHINA A s ONE result of the addresses on the Bible delivered last sum- mer in China at Kuling Conference by Dr. W. H. Griffith Thomas and Mr. Charles G. Trumbull, two hundred missionaries joined together to form a !' Bible Union of China," and since that time many others have been added from various mission stations and conferences. The purpose of the Union is to promote faith in the Bible as the Word of God, the study of the Bihle for personal and social progress, to prepare apologetic and other Biblical literature for China and to bring evangelical teachers to the mission field, especially teachers for Christian educational institutions. They also plan to establish conferences and lectureships for Bible study, and to promote prayer and evangelism.

Some missionaries write deploring the increasing number of Christians in the mission fields who have lost their faith in the Bible as the Word of God and are consequently inculcating doubt and unbelief among the Chinese. While these Chri-stians themselves have had their Christian character and faith founded on the Bible, they take away the foundation stones on which they built, and leave only quicksand instead. Many Christians whose character anq spirit of service are beyond criticism also advocate the union with other denominations and the employment of teachers, irrespective of their faith in the deity of Christ and the inspiration of the Bible. The loyalty of the missionaries generally is unquestioned.

A Large Factor In

BY PAUL HARRISON, M. D., BAHREIN, ARABIA W E, as missionaries, need to have behind us a constitu- . ency who will support us abroad. I do not mean friends who will support us financially, though that is useful enough, no doubt. But there is something much more important. I thank God that without realizing the full importance of it, I was led to do something in this way before I went out to Arabia. We are prone to look on ourselves as doing the work of the Church in the foreign field but that is not the way that God looks at it. If we stand alone out there, we will accomplish little, but if we are one of twenty, one out there, and the other nineteen working with us, at home, God will accomplish a great deal through us.

. In Arabia, after a long effort we succeeded in getting permission to begin work in Kateef, a town ~n the mainland. This was an advance step of great importance. I took my instruments and medicines and assistants, expecting to be able to do anything I could do anywhere. We were received enthusiastically and the first day we had over two hundred patients. We tended all of them we could, and the others came back the next day, with two hundred new ()nes. Things went on in this way for four or five days. We were so popular that it was uncomfortable. We had visions of a permanent establishment in Kateef, and in two of the neighboring towns as well, thus making a circuit covering the whole district.

Then a change carne. I was invited to come and interview the chief.

•, What is this that I understand you do in the mornings before you treat the sick people 1"

"Before we treat the sick people," I replied, "why, before we treat the sick people, we have prayers."

"Do you have them in Arabic1" "Yes." "You can't do that in this town," replied the chief. "Well," I said, "we always have prayers before we begin work. We consider that we heal no one. It is God who heals, and we always have prayer before the work begins. No one is compelled to come. The doctor does not know or want to know who comes. Those that come and those that stay away are treated alike. But we could not begin the work without prayer."

1059

"No," said the chief, with ,a snap in his voice, "You can't have them in this town. "

"in that case," 1 said, "we will have to give the worK up, for we do not desire to carry it on without prayer. "

" Very well," was the reply, "give it up then. You can leave here to morrow."

The situation looked hopeless. Kateef was apparently slipping out of our hands, and there was not a thing we could do to hold it. I thought of Luther's prayer. "Lord, Thou art Imperiled with us." 'l'hat afternoon, a little after 1 returned from the reception room of the chief, a man came for treatment. I told him that I was unable to do anything for him because the work ,had been officially closed down, but if he would get the chief's permission, I would be glad to do what was necessary for him. He left to. seek the chief and was followed by another, and he by twenty or more who went ott for special permission that afternoon. The boat was w leave the next day, and we packed up to go in it. But in the morning, Mahmoud, the Grand Vizier of the chief came to see me. "You did not understand" he began, "The chief wants you to remain, but to work without the prayers. " "Yes," I said, "we understood well enough, but we do not feel that we can do that." "Well," said Mahmoud, "don't you think you could pray in your upstairs room and not come down till you were done T Would not that do as wellT"

"No," I said, "I do not think it would be the same." "Well, anyhow," said he, "surely God knows you want to pray, and He will take into account the fact that the chief has forbidden it, so it will be all right." ,, No," I said, "we do not feel that it would be the same." "Oh, well," said Mahmoud, "don't you understand, go ahead and have your prayers, and s,ay nothing more about it. " So we stayed in Kateef, and had prayer before the clinics, and! a day or two later, when Ii visited the chief, he gave me five cups of coffee in succession, to show the great esteem in which he held me, and everything went beautifully from that time on. If we had been driven out of that town, I suppose it would have been years .before we could have returned. That battle was not won by the missionary in Kateef. I~ was the nineteen working at home that helped to change defeat into victory. Other missionaries have experiences like that, and often much more critical.

Growth of the Missionary

BY REV. GEORGE F. HERRICK, D. D., NEW YORK Formerly a Missionary of the American Board in Constantinople T HE great missionary problem is clearly stated in the last three verses of the Gospel by Matthew. Christians of the early cen- turies accepted those words as their Master's command and promise, and worked, zealously and efficiently to accomplish the task laid upon them. Many centuries passed before the churches of Christ began slowly and separately to undertake the duty laid upon them.

Examine the changes that have taken place in the world field and in Christendom's conception of the duty imposed by our Lord's last command during my own missionary life, 1860 to 1920.

Sixty years ago when my missionary life began at Constantinople the great Protestant Foreign Missionary Societies of America and Great Britain had already a history of about half a century. At that time important work had been begun and results achieved in the Near East, in India, in China, in the islands of the Pacific, and in South and West Africa. Missionary effort in China was then confined to certain quarters of half a dozen seaport towns. Today the whole of that land which contains one-fourth of the human race is wide open to missionaries, and a very large part of that population has heard God's message of salvation through the living m.essenger or the printed page. Sixty years ago Japan had not yet been entered by missionaries. Korea was wholly unknown to people of the West. Central Africa was as concealed from our view as is the reverse hemisphere of the moon. Look at Japan, at Korea and at Uganda today.

Even as late as sixty years ago only a small fraction of the membership of the evangelical churches of Christendom took an intelligent interest in the work of foreign missions. The hope and aim of even the missionaries themselves were far from rising to the level of the command of Christ to "teach all nations." Their chief hope was to save some souls out of the city of destruction before the final catastrophe.

The change which has taken place in the Christian conception of missions is well nigh revolutionary. The aim accepted now almost universally is to disciple all men. By Christian education, by industrial and social reform, by the appeal of the life and teaching of Christ, missionaries endeavor to lift men to the plane of true disciples of Christ, to bring into individual and national life everywhere the regenerating power of the Spirit and so to cooperate in God's plan to save the world.

1061

Sixty years ago missionaries were regarded by the governments, and by the great mass of peoples of eastern lands, as unwelcome intruders, or at the best as well-meaning persons with plans altogether impracticable and futile. Merchants and travelers from the West generally regarded them with contempt, if not with hatred. Today the work of the missionaries is everywhere regarded as of great beneficent value to the peoples among whom they live. Their influence on the side of justice in governmental administration and public wellare is profound and far reaching. In the Near East, for example, during the last thirty years, the work of missionaries in education, in scientific healing, in systematic relief of suffering in times of famine, pestilence and war has won the confidence and love of men of all races. There are now at work on the solution of these problems of the Near East a thousand men and women of ability and experience. The leadership is confessedly in their hands.

When foreign missionary work was systematically undertaken by evangelical Christendom more than a century ago, each branch of the Church worked independently of every other. Each carried to the foreign field its own denominational policy, creed and forms of worship, and established churches near one another which were often rivals if not antagonists.

About sixty years ago evangelical missionary societies adopted what was called "comity" in their relations one to another in their work abroad. This meant the elimination of unfriendly rivalry and the cultivation of friendly relations between missionaries of different societies and the members of different native churches. But "comity" was far from the unifly of our Lord's great intercessory prayer. (.Tohn 17). Nor did comity eliminate the carrying of Western denominational divisions into Eastern lands.

Within the last twenty years there has come into challenging prominence, first on mission ground and then among the home chllrches under the leadership of the officers of the great missionary societies, the idea of Christian unity of service clearly announced by our Lord Himself. This has resulted in concerted action by the missionary societies of North America, and by the American and British workers on mission fields. Better than that, the evangelical churches of China, India and ofher lands, are consolidating into national churches on a basis suited to their own conditions and needs, freed altogether from Western limitations.

What now does all this signify for the future of Christianityf (1) It gives vital significance to the name Christian. To be a Christian is to have a character and do a work similar to the character and the work of Christ. Read what the four Gospels tell us of the life and teachings of .Tesus Christ often enough and deeply enough to imbibe their spirit as St. Paul had done when he wrote the 13th chapter of First Corinthians. The name Methodist, or Epis-

THE GROWTH OF THE MISSIONARY IDEA

copalian, or Baptist, or Presbyterian, or Oongregationalist will still be convenient, even necessary perhaps, just as it is necessary to locate a citizen of New York Oity by his street and number; or to designate men as doctors, lawyers, oculists, opticians, electricians, grocers, plumbers, etc. The main thing is that each one is a man, my brother man.

(2) The results of the new missionary idea and spirit are already in evidence. The expenditures of the great missionary societies is nearly double that of ten years ago. The great events of the present day are not new Edison inventions or political campaigns, or the unstable settlement of national boundaries. The great events are the less noisily proclaimed triumphs of Ohristianity in Asia and Africa, the enrolment there by thousands and tens of thousands every year of new recruits under the banner of Him who has on His vesture a name written, King of kings, Lord of lords.

(3) Ohristianity is, and will yet be acknowledged to be, the uni- versal religion. Not the Ohristianity the world has hitherto known, but that of Ohrist, and of those who, in simplicity, sincerity and humility follow in Ohrist's footsteps and make it their one aim to do His work. Thank God their numbers are increasing.

The reason for any doubt of Ohristianity being accepted as the universal religion lies in the travesty of Ohristianity :which the doubters have had before their eyes. Oompare the Ohristianity of Ohrist with Mohammedanism or with any form of Pantheism.

Ohrist's mission was to all men. Therefore the mission of His disciples is to men of every land, every race, every tongue. The rate of progress in missionary work in the mission lands during the last decade has been rapid. The influence of Ohristians in Ohina and Japan is far greater than would be expected from the proportion of their numbers to .the whole population. Their rate of increase in the coming years will be many fold that of the twenty years of this century already past. The Ohristian forces are mobilized. The pace is set. We have entered a new era of this world's history. Ohrist is with us as our Oaptain on the world field. Victory is assured. Blessed are they who are privileged to serve and win under His banner!

If Christian faith does not culminate in the effort to make Christ known to all the world, that faith appears to me to be a thoroughly unreal and insignificant thing, destitute of power, and incapable of being convincingly proved to be true. . . .

It is a constant effort to see that a church is kept apostolic, knowing that it exists not for its pewholders, but for as many of the human race as it can possibly reach; knowing that its members will get the best good out of it the more they can feel and show that it is in no real sense their church. It is first God's church, and then the church of all or any of God's children.

PHII"I"IPS BROOKS.

Indians of South

BY GEO. M. McBRIDE, NEW YORK T HE INDIANS of the lowlands, in contrast with the highland peoples, are largely uncivilized. Due in great part to their unfavorable geographical environment, they have never developed in the social scale but remain, as they have been for ages past, in a state of greater or less savagery. They are divided into many small tribes, sometimes loosely federated, but each speaking a distinct language or dialect, and generally engaged in more or less open warfare with each other.

The Araucanian Indians of South Central Chile are far above other lowland tribes, and possess a fairly high degree of civilization. Their agriculture and stock-raising are well advanced, and they have an organized patriarchal government.

The lowland Indians inhabit the great forests and grass lands of the central plains a.oout the head waters of the Orinoco, the Amazon and the La Plata rivers, the coastal regions of the Caribbean, the extreme southern end of the continent, and the humid regions along the Pacific in Ecuador and Colombia.

Any calculation of the number of lowland Indians in South America can be only rough estimates. No census attempts to state the Indian population of the forests in more than general terms. The following estimate is based upon the most correct data available: Brazil ……………………………………………. . 1,300,000 Peru ……………………………………………. . 1,000,000 Ecuador ………………………………………….. . 700,000 Bolivia …………………………………………… . 400,000 Venezuela ………………………………………… . 300,000 Chile …………………………………………….. . 102,000 Colombia …………………………………………. . 100,000 Paraguay …………………………………………. . 50,000 Argentina ………………………………………… . 30,000 The Guianas ………………………………………. . 40,000 Total ……………….. '.' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4,022,000 (In Uruguay alone of the South American countries, has the pure-blooded Indian population entirely disappeared.) Very little has been done for these Indians, either by missionary agencies or by the governments in whose jurisdiction they live. In general they have been entirely neglected and left in their primitive state, to become the prey of a slowly advancing wave of civilization, in which Christianity has played no part. They have thus been entirely at the mercy of traders, industrialists and slave raiders.

1064 BORa INDIANS OF BRAZIL IN FULL DRESS Brazil, in her early history, depended largely upon the raids made by the Paulistas, or slave hunters from Sao Paulo, for her supply of labor. Though slavery is forbidden by all the nations of America, the application of this protection is often not extended to the savage Indians who live far removed from the shelter of the law. Their condition in many places has been aggravated by the overlapping of territorial claims, and the consequent impossibility of policing such disputed areas.· • The situation revealed in Hardenb1.lrg's HThe Putumayo, the: Devil's Paradise," (London 1912), the "Red Book of the Putumayo," and Sir Roger Casement's official report, (Foreign Office Reports, Misc. No.8, 1912), i. probably paralleled in most of the rubber districts of interior South Amenea.

In Chile the valiant Araucanians that could never be conquered by Inca or Spanish arms, have finally yielded to the gradual influence of the white man's firewater and his persistent "peaceful penetration" of their territory.

The Argentine Indians very largely ceased to be a factor in the national development after General Roca's ruthless campaign of 1879 on the southern pampas.

Most attempts to Christianize these savage Indians have met with failure. Though the Roman Catholic priests penetrated many of the remote regions during colonial times their work has not survived. The great mission organizations built up in Paraguay by the Jesuits fell into ruins when these padres were expelled from Spanish possessions in 1767. In eastern Peru, about all that is left of the extensive work carried on in the vast interior bishopric of Maynas is the history of the attempt. In southern Venezuela and eastern Colombia ruins alone remain to mark the efforts directed toward the Christianization of the aborigines by Catholic missionaries. Protestant efforts have been even less successful. Allen Gardiner's devoted attempt to reach the Fuegians is typical of other such undertakings. The scattered settlements in vast, sparsely populated forests, an inhospitable climate, the difficulties presented by a tropical jungle, and the hostility of the natives themselves toward all whites, have combined to destroy work attempted, and to deter even the most daring from undertaking a task which seemed both hazardous and futile. Consequently the uncivilized Indians of the lowlands have been almost entirely neglected as yet by evangelical missionary agencies. Though most of the cities of Latin America contain. Protestant schools and churches, the vast interior areas, with their many tribes of savage or semi-savage aborigines, still are almost untouched. Prof. Faraba~, anthropologist and explorer, is quoted as saying that OVer an area equal to two-thirds of the United States, the Indians live in almost complete paganism.

Outstanding exceptions to this neglect are the missions maintained by the South American Missionary Society (British) among the Araucanians of south-central Chile, the Fuegians, and the Indians of the Gran Chaco, between Paraguay and Bolivia. To these may be added the work done by Anglican agencies in British Guiana. In these centers progress is being made, but what can a few such sections do for the millions of Indians scattered over so vast a territoryT As far as the Indian is concerned, South America remains what it has always been, from a missionary viewpoint, the Neglected Continent. The gradual approach of the two Americas has produced little change there. It has but brought the problem nearer to our door.

These repeated failures give conclusive evidence of the difficulty of undertaking the evangelization of the lowland Indians. They pre-

LOWLAND INDIANS OF SOUTH AMERICA

sent one of the most difficult missionary problems existing. Only a well organized, presistently maintained effort can accomplish the task. It will require the power and the permanence which only the strongly established missionary boards can employ. Sporadic, independent, or poorly equipped and feebly maintained efforts will but fail as have failed many other attempts in the last four centuries. The work must be maintained, though workers fall. Strong men, backed by strong, permanent organization, will ,be required to triumph. Unless such can be provided the field must be left to its fate at the hands of industrial and 'commercial interests, who usually exploit or exterminate but do not uplift.

AN I N DIAN W AI-WAI DANCE IN BRAZIL Any practical attempt to civilize the Indians may be expected to receive the cordial support of the governments concerned. They are already interested, far more than the Protestant Church, if the truth be said, in the uplift of the aboriginal element in their population. In Brazil wonderful work has been accomplished by Colonel Rondon with whom Roosevelt traveled in the unknown interior. This officer is a true friend of the wild Indians and has become a great apostle of civilization among them. But the Gospel'does not form a part of his message. His cooperation, however, and that of his government may be depended upon in any effort to bring the Indian into the pale of civilization. In Chile, Bolivia and Peru there exist societies or groups who are interested in all that will tend to uplift the aborigines and their support will be extended, generally in a cordial way. They are already gwping toward a solution of this great problem.

1. Upper Orinoco, probably at San Fernando de Atabapo; 2. Upper Amazon, probably at Iquitos; 3. Lowel' Amazon, probably at Manaos; 4. Tierra del Fuego, probably Wulaia (or Punta Arenas); S. Araucania, probably on the Argentine side of the Andes, or at Villarica, near the border.

(This last mission would be a land station, equipped with church, hos- pital, industrial school and farm, similar to the existing institution at Temuco of the South American Mis- sionary Society.) .

As there is a considerable white population in most of the centers suggested, it would be well to provide hospital, medical, evan- gelistic and probably educational equipment, on a small scale at least, for these white people.

A SOUTH AMERICAN WOMAN AND BABY SUGGESTED PROGRAM The most that can be accom- THE APPEAL OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN plished toward the evangelization INDIAN of these Indians within the next five years will be the occupation of strategic points, within reach of the greatest numbers of Indian settlements. This can best be done by following the methods employed hy traders and rubber men in using the only means of transportation, the river routes. Mission centers should be established at the following points, equipped with hospital, medical supplies, motor boats, interpreters, etc.

rrhe suggested centers are: Prohi bition Progress In Latin America BY DR. JUAN O. GONZALEZ WHEN the United States legally :Killed and buried King Al- cohol in the tomb of ignominy, the whole world was petrified with astonishment before so bold and radical a move. After the first shock had passed, many publicists smiled skeptically with regard to the efficacy of such a step. Many periodicals of large circulation attacked such legislation as tyrranous, impractical, revolutionary, and liable to cause trouble. Naturally foreigners judge the States principally by the papers published in its larger cities, so that such propaganda could not but sow distrust as to the benefits that national prohibition would bring.

But truth, in the long run, opens its way through calumny and falsehood. Friends and enemies have been obliged to confess that crime, disease and misery have diminished, while civic honesty, economic prosperity, and domestic happiness have increased, in proportion to the enforcement of prohibition. These are facts. Corroboration can be obtained from judges, prison and hospital statistics, bankers, and altruistic societies working for the welfare of the people. As these sources of information have testified in favor of prohibition, admiration for the United States begins to take the place of the world's mockery and doubt.

In the last International Congress against Alcoholism held on September 16th in Washington, many foreign representatives spokein praise of the United States, and all were optimistic regarding the triumph of prohibition in the world. Dr. Robert Rercod of Switzerland declared that an army of 5,000,000 is working for the suppression of alcoholism in the world. "In fifteen years," prophesies Dr. Rercod, "the use of alcohol as a drink will have been abolished in all countries." A similar declaration was made by the British scientist, Dr. C. S. Saleeby who said: "England will be prohibitionist within ten years. This will be hrought about by a change in economic conditions." Lord Leverhulm, a business man, came to America as a "wet" and returned a "dry." At first the news that prohibition had been decreed surprised Europe. Then she ridiculed the United States. Now she begins to see things in their true economic aspect, and the liquor interests begin to fight.

But where the fight against alcoholism acquires a victorious attitude is in Latin America. If, ten years ag-o, somebody had predicted that Latin America would seriously consider prohibition, and that in time she would begin an active temperance campaign for restl'iction 1069 of the free sale of alcohol, such a person would have been termed an idealistic, visionary. And yet the campaign is on from Patagonia to Rio Bravo, from Valparaiso to Rio de Janeiro. The masses and governing classes are participators, and the subject is discussed by papers and magazines. Legislators propose and approve laws in this direction. There are few tJroblems today that are more universally discussed by the Latin republics than the restriction or prohibition of alcohol. The President of Mexico, senor de la Huerta, has announced that he would cooperate with the Government of the United States by declaring a "dry zone" of 100 miles along the boundary of the two countries. Senor Lugo has declared that the tendency of the Government under ,senor de la Huerta is to implant the "dry state" in all the Republic. The press has also announced that the President- Elect of Guatemala, sefior Carlos Herrera, proclaimed provisionally prohibition for all the country, and it is hoped that Congress will sanction this edict. The newspaper with the largest circulation in Mexico, "EI Universal" says: "In the bulletin recently delivered to newspaper men by the District Government, it is announced that senor Gasca has the project in view (which he will 'put into practice by degrees) of restricting the sale of alcohol and intoxicating liquors in order to combat inebriety as far as he is able. ,The bulletin also states that Governor Gasca proposes, at no distant date, to make "dry" all of the Federal District, towards which object he will work as long as he remains in the Government."

The article adds that there are several states where the "dry" law has gone into effect.

Of Bogota, Colombia, it is said that senator don Felix Salazar presented to Congress a project of law on alcoholic prohibitions which was much debated. With regard to this project the Minister of Agriculture and Commerce declared: "The anti-alcoholic problem must be met squarely, and advance must be made despite the obstacles. In the United States, when the fight began, the trial of alcohol produced a book with statistical data that are appalling. Crime finds in alcohol its feeder, and statistics prove this. Fifty per cent of the murders have alcohol as their cause; likewise sixty per cent of the divorces; the days in which most crimes occur are precisely Saturdays and Sundays when the working classes dedicate themselves in their idle hours to alcoho1."

The Government of Costa Rica combats alcoholism. The President, senor Julio Acosta, in his inaugural message said: "We must combat alcoholism by all means possible, as it opposes every ideal of greatness and culture. " From a circular that the Executive Cabinet sent to the heads of public offices, we take the following paragraph: "On the ,special recommendation of the President of the Republic, we urge you to observe a strict vigilance over the office personnel with regard to inebriety, abiding immediately by the following inflexible rules: -First, in the future no person subject to the alcoholic vice must be proposed for an

19201 PROHIBITION PROGRESS IN LATIN AMERICA

appointment as a civil or military employee. Second, the present personnel dependent on the Executive Power is notified that intoxication even in occasional form cannot be tolerated. Third, in consequence, an employee of this dependence who publicly incurs this grave fault will be deprived of his office regardless of his personal antecedents, family circumstances, or skill and ability in the performance of his duties."

In Brazil a law has been proposed prohibiting the sale of alco- holic liquors on holidays, and restricting the sale during the rest of the week; also prohibiting bars near schools and colleges.

Energetic measures have been adopted in Uruguay against the public sale of liquor, and an active campaign started for the declara- tion of a "dry" nation. In the Argentine, Dr. Estanislao S. Zeballo, eminent juriscon- sult, prepared a proposed law which was· presented to Congress by the deputy senor Julio S. Rafo de la Beta, in order to adopt the "dry" law in Argentina. 'rhe senior of the Argentine press, "La Capital," favors such a project, as may be seen by the following excerpts: "The project of deputy don Julio S. de la Reta comes at an opportune moment, and we hope that it will be appreciated in its full value by legislatorsdesirous of combating the social plagues conspiring against life, the agents of physical and moral degradation. The regulation of the manufacture and sale of alcoholic drinks should be the object of a careful study on the part of the National Congress; the initiatives tending to eliminate slowly the consumption of drinks of this nature must be complemented by the total suppression of the sale of liquors particularly harmful to the consumer."

In Chile, where there are many restrictions in force, and some regions under prohibition, new projects tending towards absolute prohibition have recently been presented to Congress. The steve- dores in Punta Arenas recently refused to unload from vessels any case containing alcoholic liquors. The following press despatch from Santiago, Chile, will be of interest: "A campaign has been started to make the Araucanian Indian Reserve of Cholchol "dry," following a petition to the Government from residents in the district alleging violations of the existing laws which prohibit the sale of alcoholic drinks on Sundays and feast days, and by persons without license. . . . Movements also have been started by workers in the nitrate and coal fields in favor of prohibiting the sale of liquor on pay days."

The National Anti-Alcoholic League met recently in Valparaiso and adopted several practical measures; among them, the introduc- tion in primary and higher school text books of lessons designed to awaken in the pupil a horror for alcohol.

So intense and general is the campaign that "La Prensa" of New York, the Spanish newspaper of greatest circulation in the United States, has said: "Inspired without a doubt by the example of the United States and animated by the praiseworthy desire of preserving the health of the people, several Hispanic-American statisticians have delivered themselves with ardor and earnestness to the task of obtaining from their respective coun-

tries laws conducive to the restriction, if not suppression, of the consump- tion of alcohol as a drink. In the parliaments of Argentine, Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, Guatemala, Costa Rica, and other countries, projects of this nature have been presented, and discussed with the interest that so grave a problem demands. Public opinion in all these countries has been in accord in appreciating the necessity that energetic measures be adopted as soon as possible, establishing prudent laws that will protect the people from the danger of alcoholism."

THE HOPEFUL OUTLOOK We predict that the anti-alcoholic campaign in Latin America will be a more rapid and victorious campaign than it was in North America. Whoever studies the advances and retrogressions of the prohibition campaign in the United States during the last one hundred years, or the last fifty, cannot but feel very optimistic on examining the present activities in Latin America. The prohibition campaign in the United States was, in the early days, ridiculed by the press, politicians, statisticians and ministers of different denomina~ tions. On the other hand, the anti-alcoholic campaign in Latin America is in universal favor, patronized by the masses and a large part of the ruling classes, defended by the press, and seriously discussed in scientific societies and co-legislative bodies. This, however, does not mean that the defenders of prohibition and temperance are not going to meet with obstacles. King Alcohol cannot be dethroned without a fierce battle. He will invoke the aid of degenerate politicians, of demoralizing vices, of degrading industries.

But there is no doubt that the fight against alcohol in Latin America presents itself with more probabilities of victory than it did at the beginning of the campaign in the United States, particularly so if the beneficial results obtained by prohibition are made known. A campaign bearing in mind the errors and successes of the North American campaign, and presenting the 'actual results in a manner appropriate to Latin America, will ha.ve a certain and ra.pid victory over alcoholism.

Anything that directly or indirectly appears to indicate an aspect of imposition, of tutelage, or even of guidance, must be avoided. Latin America is proud of her civilization, her liberty, her sovereignty, and the methods she employs in the unraveling of her problems. If the enemies of alcoholism adopt any imposing or dominating attitude, they will fail. The love of individual liberty is more intense in Latin America than it is in North America. Again, if friends of prohibition present themselves as representatives of a superior civilization, and, for this reason, adopt the attitude of 'Protector or tutor of other people of an inferior or deficient civilization, they will fail. Latin America prefers to develop her own civilization, and without the help or cooperation of other nations, if they take the attitude of tutors.

The best methods for North America are not always the best for Latin America, buf, even if they are, the mere fact that they have been initiated in the United States might provoke a feeling of suspicion and prejudice rather than a desire to imitate. The propaganda must be based on the presentation of facts and results, without commentaries or recommendations. This propaganda must enter by the eye and ear to reach the intelligence and the heart.

The first step should be to impress the sight. The people of Latin America are lovers of art and possess a lively imagination. Advertisements, posters, pictures that soberly yet forcibly and truthfully give an idea of the ravages caused by the deadly and deleterious poison, should be exhibited in the trains, trams, streets, walks, roads, schools, colleges, etc. Above all, motion pictures ap- propriate to Latin Americans and that reflect with exactitude the disastrous results of alcohol should be shown, not only in theaters, but also in public gardens and plazas, in schools and colleges. This last meth0d would soon produce excellent and permanent results. Brief popular talks, bulletins, articles, and principally the 'introduction of these methods into the text books of primary schools, would rapidly create an opinion against alcoholism.

But most important is to give to the ruling classes, to the better magazines, and to the newspapers of greatest prestige and circulation, the conclusions and results which science has arrived at with regard to alcohol in all its aspects and applications. Bulletins giving the verdict of great chemists, of famous institutions, of celebrated medical men, of great statisticians, would be well received by the cultured class. Newspapers and magazines would publish them..with comments, with the effect of producing powerful motives to move the masses towards the definite victory. For the complete success of prohibition in North America it is necessary that the neighboring countries be under a prohibition regime. As the friends of prohibi- tion said that it could never be an accomplished fact in North America as long as one state of the Union remained "wet," so we can now say: prohibition will never be perfect and complete until the "dry" Bag floats from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego. Further, if in all North and South America prohibition came .into effect, what other continent would resist? America to greater or less extent will mold and direct humanity in the coming generations.

"The Church has not yet discovered, still less begun to realize, the limitless possibilities of intercession. .. .. .. The evangelization of the world is not primarily a matter of numbers, wealth, knowledge and strategy, but of the unhindered working of the Spirit of God. Such Divine manifestation has been associated invariably with prayer."-JOHN . R. MOTT;

Constantinople College for ",romen

BY EVELINE A. THOMPSON, CONSTANTINOPLE T HIS College for women has been in existence for nearly fifty £"ears. Since 1914 it has been situated in four new buildings at Arnaoutkeuy on the European shore of the Bosphorus, about six mile'S from the old city of Stamboul. From the time it was founded as a school in 1871 until 1914 it occupied buildings in Scutari on the Asiatic shore. In 1890, nineteen years after its 'foundation, it became a college, obtaining a charter from the state of Massachusetts. The present campus comprises about fifty acres and is of great beauty.

The student body is composed of many nationalities. F{)ur large groups are in about equal proportion, Armenian, Bulgarian, Greek and Turkish. Beside these, there are ,Albanians, Spanish Jews, French, English, Swiss American and occasionally Serbians, Roumanians and Persians. These many varied elements are bound together by" a common desire for knowledge. The student body is democratic, including girls from the mountain districts of Macedonia, as well as the daughters of the leading 'States- men .of Turkey and Bulgaria. .

At present 500 students are .enrolled in the college; half, in the flourishing preparatory school and half in the college proper. About 400 graduates have gone out and have taken up their various careers in towns and cities in Asia Minor and the Balkan States. They testify by their lives and the respect which they almost invariably command, to the in'Spiring ideals of the College, which they have made their own.

The chief benefit which the students receive from the College does not come from books. The religious life is of first im- portance. From talks by members of the faculty and more vividly from their Ch;ristian lives, the students learn lessons which books could never teach them. Ideals are held up to them and they are taught the love of liberty and the right use of it, the sacredness of truth, the power of unselfishness and the duty of tolerance and mutual helpfulness.

The period of reconstruction has already begun. Of all the countries which need rehabilitation and rebirth, the Near East seems to stand among the first. Because this College ha:s stood by its students during the darkest period of their history, because it has. gained by its devotion and steadfastnes'S, their • respect and admiration, without a single exception, of all the na- tions of the Near Elast, it can look with confidence towards years of growth and usefulness.

1074

TH~ NEW MISSION HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN AT KUWEIT ON THE PERSIAN

The First Baptism in Kuweit, Arabia BY REV. EDWIN E. CALVERLY, KUWEIT, ARABIA Missionary of the Reformed Church in America W HAT hinders me from being baptised'I" asked Fulan. The lesson at our station prayers that Monday morn- ing before Easter was the story of Philip and the Ethiopian treasurer. Fulan is a Persian sayyid, a descendant of the Arabian Prophet Mohammed. Like the Ethiopian, he had left his own country that he might worship God aright and in his search for salvation he had come to Kuweit where he heard the Gospel, and learned that Christ was his Saviour and his Lord. He accepted Christ's claims, joined our little circle, and an- nounced his change of faith to. his former friends. So Fulan was baptized on Easter Sunday, becomi'ng the first to receive this rite in our Mission at Kuweit. He also is the first Moslem it has been my privilege to baptize in my ten years of missio.nary service.

Over two years ago, on Washington's Birthday, 1918, Fulan first came to us and asked to be baptized. His earnestness was evident. He told us his story: "I left my home in Persia in a search for the truth. The Shi'i beliefs of my people did not satisfy my need. I then jo.ined the Babis, fo.r theirs is a broad and mo.dern brand of faith, and it seemed good. But the teachers could not answer my 1075

questions. Then I started for the Babi headquarters in Syria, intending to visit Mecca and Me- dina on the way. When I reached Busrah I heard that a Babi teacher was then in Kuweit. So here I came."

One day he met a man selling religious books in (he bazaar, books that were claimed to be the very Word of God. He bought a booklet that told of the proph- ets Abraham and Joseph, of whom he already knew. He read the booklet eagerly and asked some Jews whether this were in- deed the original Book of God that descellded upon Moses who conversed with God. He was as- sured that Genesis was really a A MOSLEM OF CENTRAL ARABIA part of the Taurat, or Books of Moses. The clearness of what he read impressed him and he determined to investigate the religion of the Jews. "A Jewish friend said he would take me to their Saturday services," he recently told me. "But he failed to keep our appointment, and when I urged him again he said he would take me the next week. I went to see him on Friday night to confirm the appointment, and found him dnmk. I did not blame his religion for that, and thought the priest would not be like him. He took me to the synagogue next morning, but left me outside while he went to tell the priest about me. I waited a long time and finally a boy came out to tell me that a'S the, Jews were so few in the town,they would be in danger, if it should become known that a Persian was interested in their religion." Soon after that Fulan' hought another booklet from our colporteur. It was the Gospel of John, and cost him two co'ppers. It immediately satisfied him as to its truth for it was th0 message he wanted and he accepted it gladly and fully. At that time Fulan knew only a litte Arabic, so we asked a Persian convert of many years standing to give him further instruc- tion, and also gave him some Christian literature in Persi311. He had a position as night watchman in the bazaar, but he lost' it, when the other watchmen complained because, as they said, IiHe is a sm:yyid, 'So we cannot curse him or beat him if

THE FIRST BAPTISM IN KUWEIT, ARABIA lO77

he does what is wrong, -and we do not want anyone to work with us whom we are not allowed to curse." One of our Persian school boys confirmed this, when I asked him about it. He said: "Men do not like to work with sayyids, simply because they dare not strike them or swear at them." "Then," said I, "instead of it being an honor for a man to be a descendant of Mohammed, it is really a misfortune, because it makes a man lose his job."

"The people would rather give him something to live on," replied the boy, "than work with him. "

Fulan '8 difficulties in the bazaar brought about good both for him and for us for he became a most valuable worker in our hospital, and is learning to dispense medicines. He pleases all by his willingness to be of any service at any time. His growth in knowledge and grace has been remarkable, and his testimony in the bazaar has been enthusiastic. He was recently made the "Subject of a strong denunciation in the chief Persian preaching place, when the leading Shi'i -mulla, or preacher, declared that no one ought to associaie with him in the coffeeshops, or eat with him, that no one should sell him food, and that it was lawful to kill him. He is able to get along, as there are Arab shops where he can buy what he needs. He felt that baptism would not increase his danger and said that it would be a great comf.ort to him as an acknowledgment on our part that he was really one of us.

His period of probation had been long, and as he seemed to be ready and the Lord's Supper was to be celebrated, none of l1S felt we should deprive him of this means of grace. With deep joy and gratitude the church in our house gathered around the Lord's Table that Easter morning to welcome this new member into the body of believers in Christ and to celebrate the resurrection power of our Lord.

SOME MISSIONARY QUOTATIONS "The Church that forgets itself in its passion for others will in that forgetfulness find itself."

"We have no apology for being in earnest about foreign missions and will make none until Jesus Christ tells us He made a mistake in coming to the world as a missionary."

"We have given the -Orient warships and telephone, steam cars and sewing machines and silk hats, but they are none the better for these; and except the 'old man' be changed within, all these trappings will make him a more potent force for evi1."

Brother In

:l'he Story of Dan Schultz, the Labor Evangelist [Continued from the November RlVIlw.J BY REV. COE HAYNE, NEW YORK I N Pittsburgh Daniel L. Schultz, the Labor Evangelist, undertook .. a service that required, qualities of Christian manhood similar to those he had displayed on the western frontier. He was pastor of the Lorenz Avenue Baptist Church, when the great Westmoreland County Goal ~trike began. Reading of terrible conditions in the cOoal regions he felt it his duty to go and see whether the newspaper reports were true. He found men .and women living in tents pitched along the rOoadsides in the bleak month of March, having been thrown out of the coal company's houses. The rain often wet their household goods and their bedding, and the cold and dampness increased the suffering brought by hunger. The United Mine Workers of America were extending aid to the amount of about $2.50 per family, per week, but most of the women and children were poorly clad, some of them being without shoes or stockings.

After being in the field for one week, Mr. Schultz returned to his church, told of the conditions he had found and made an appeal for clothing and other things needful for the children and women. He also went out to solicit clothing, shoes, food and money in different· parts of the state. returning to the miners' camp at frequent intervals to diDtributf' the goods.

The Ullited ~fine Workers of America made him chaplain of their orgp.niziition ano the Statp Federation of Labor, at a special cullvention held b discuss the strike, made him the chaplain of the convention. Nearly every local union in Pennsylvania pledged itself to assist him in >,upplying the needs of the strike sufferers. It was Mr. Schultz' privilege to Dpeak to large congregations of men, women and children of different nationalities, concerning the Church and its attitude toward the man in overalls.

One Sunday aftf'rnoon he .addressed over nine thousand miners, their wives and children, through interpreters. Among them were Slavs, Russians, Italians, Croatians, Hungarians, Poles, Lithuanians, Serbians, Scotch, Germans, Austrians, Bohemians and Roumanians. He spoke on God's wonderful love to the children of men. It was the first time that many of them had heard this story. A prominent Roman Catholic labor leader, who had introduced him at the beginning of the service, said, "It is my privilege to introduce a brother of J el'ius Christ, who has proved himself thus by his work and sacri- 1078 A NOON HOUR MEETING AT THE CAR SHOPS OF THE SOUTHERN PACIFIC R. R. CALIFORNIA fice for our folks. Whatever" Father" Schultz tells us, we believe, for we have confidence in him and his message."

For fourteen months Mr. Schultz and his helpers collected and distributed over ninety tons of clothing, thirty-eight thousand pairs of new shoes, and over twenty-seven thousand dollars. Contributions came from capitalists as well as from labor unions, socialist organiza- tions and churches. Just before the strike ended, a number of leaders of the American Federation of Labor met for a conference in Pitts- burgh. After passing a number of resolutions, thankmg the church of which Mr. Schultz was pastor, and also the denomination to which he belonged, for supplying the needs of the strikers, they passed a resolution requesting the denomination to call Mr. Schultz out of the pastorate to devote his time entirely to the working classes of the United States.

On January 1st, 1911, Mr. Schultz hegan his remarkahle ministry among the laboring people at large, working in coai fields, shops, factories of all kinds, preaching the gospel and trying to show the working man that the Church is not his enemy but his friend. He is now the Field Labor Rep~esentative of the American Baptist Home Mission Society. .

Sometime ago, Mr. Schultz received a letter from the secretary of the Bartenders' Association of America, requesting him to speak at their convention. In answer to the letter he wrote that he was a

Ihinister of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, and that he could not endorse the liquor business in any way or under any circumstances. To this letter he received a reply by telegram, stating, "We have confidence in you as a minister of the Gospel of Jesus Christ; we need just what you have to give,-come at our expense." Mr. SchUltz accepted the invitation. On the Saturday evening of his arrival in the town where the convention was -held, he visited a minister whom he had known in former days. This man had read the announcement of his acceptance of the invitation to speak to the liquor men, and denounced his con- sent as unchristian and unbecoming in a minister of the Gospel.

Another minister, an intimate friend, told him that he had disgraced the Christian ministry, God and humanity for accepting an invitation from such a gang. _ When Mr. Schultz went to the Convention hall he found it packed with people. He spoke from John 3:16-17 and at the close of the sermon when the evangelist extended an invitation to any wishing prayer to raise their hands, a large number responded. Nine men and three saloon keepers' wives professed faith in Jesus Christ that afternoon and gave up their liquor-selling business. At the end of the week these nine men went back to their earlier trades. Later others also left the saloon business because of the conviction that had been awakened in them during this service.

At the next session of the convention the delegates officially invited Mr. Schultz to become an honorary member of the organiza- tion, and when he explained his position and refused an honorary card, they passed a resolution endorsing his work, and t.he Churchthat sent him out. This is the only union card Mr. Schultz has refused. During the period of his labors eleven labor unions have presented honorary cards to him, giving him access to thousands of local unions in the United States.

At Denver, Colorado, after a number of noon hour meetings in the Denver and Rio Grande shops, over one hundred and ten men sent a letter to the American Baptist Home Mission Society concern- ing the work and thejr belief in the Gospel as preached by Mr. Schultz. It has been his privilege to speak to a number of the unions concerning the attitude of the Church towards labor, as well as the Gospel of Christ.

One of the most dramatic events in the career of our labor evangelist occurred during the intense labor troubles on the Pacific Coast. In Seattle he was invited to speak before the open forum which met every Sunday night in the Labor Temple. Crowds of all classes of men and women congregated many of them real haters of the Church and of religion. On arriving at the building, Mr. Schultz had to press his way through the crowd up the steps into the great hall As he entered the room he heard a man who was formerly a

MY BROTHER IN OVERALLS

minister of the gospel denouncing "sky pilots," churches and the Bible. The chairman of the meeting introduced Mr. Schultz to the audience, and he was about to speak, when this ex-minister charged him with having been paid by the capitalists to come and :vam down the common peoples' throats a religion that made the working man and woman industrial slaves. He challenged Mr. Schultz to debate with him upon the subject of "God, the Church and so-called salva- tion. " In response to his challenge, the evangelist said, "After I finish my speech, if I haven't answered this man, and this audience decides that I have not, then I will be glad to stand here all night, and endeavor to answer his questions. "

The moderator of the meeting requested the challenger to hold his peace or leave the building. Mr. Schultz spoke for forty-five minutes, and closed his address with his own Christian experience, and his early trials as a child laborer in a glass factory) and declared his allegiance to the Gospel of Christ and the Church which had done so much for him.

"Friends,".said the speaker, "the Church stands for some vital things for which organized labor has been fighting and pleading for. many years. Among these things are complete justice for all men in all stations of life, equal pay for equal service, one rest day per week and that day Sunday, the wiping out of the sweat-shop system, reasonable hours. for laborers, the right of the employee and the employer to organize, a universal educational system and abatement . of poverty "by a just distribution of the products of labor. "

"Tell us, if you please," requested a man in the center of the hall, "how can a Christian employer compel his employees to work seven days a week, twelve hours a day, on small pay, then expect labor to have any sympathy with the Church to which he belongs!"

"Christianity is a personal matter," replied Mr. Schultz. "Every man personally must decide for himself whether or not to accept Christ's teachings and apply them to his own heart and life, or whether or not to ally himself with any church that has had a share in spreading the knowledge of the Saviour's lo:ve. One of the fundamental principles for which Christian churches stand is in- dividual responsibility. No man is a true representative of Jesus Christ, or the Church to which he belongs, who will oppress his em- ployees and compel them to break the Lord's day and work long hours which unfits them for happiness and for life."

Mter the meeting, Mr. Schultz forced his way through the crowd- ed aisles to the third floor. Here he faced a company of people who did not try .to hide their radicalism. When he began to speak, a woman rose and said in fine English, "Mr. Chairman, must we have this God-stuff rammed down our throats again? Why do we have to listen to sky-pilots whci are controlled ·by the capitalists of this country?"

The woman was applauded and the evangelist realized that he was in for a severe grilling. He closed his eyes and prayed: "Father, give me the sympathy which Jesus would have for these people."

Others rose and asked questions and denounced the churches, the ministry and the Bible, and some even dared to denounce the Gov- ernment of the United States because of the freedom allowed all ohurches and religions by the Constitution. After listening to their various indictments for about forty minutes Mr. Schultz finally was permitted to begin his address. .

"Now I presume you feel better, he said, "I can sympathize with you. When I eat ,anything that does not agree with me, it makes me sick, and I can never enjoy a talk or think properly so long as that's in my stomach. You have emptied yourselves of many thoughts that have disturbed you. Now, you will be able to listen to me, and you will find that I am not your enemy, nor the churches that I represent, nor the Christ that saved me and sent me to you to speak to you. You will find that we only misunderstand each other.

By and by we will be friends."

He endeavored to analyze a Christian church. What is a church' Who is the Author of the church' Why are the churches in existence today! What class of people compose the membership of the churches 7 He told them why all churches feel a. sympathy for every man that labors, whether with his hands or brain. At Bremerton, where large ship yards are located, Mr. Schultz was invited to speak to several labor unions. He was received graciously and men listened to him intently. After the adjournment of the meeting, three men who were radically opposed to the churches, began to ask questions, some of which were very insulting, but the evangelist received grace enough to smile and answer in a kind, con- siderate manner. While one the men was denouncing Christ, a member of the Blacksmith's Union rushed up to him with his fists doubled and tears running down his cheeks.

"I'Unot have any man insulting Jesus Christ or the Church/" he shouted. "I have been doing this very' thing myself for thirty- five years, but tonight, here in this hall while Mr. Schultz was speak- ing, I decided for Christ and I aim to stick up for Him from now on.~'

The next evening this man was sitting with his wife and child in the front part of the Baptist Church of Bremerton. When the invitation was extended to those who wished to testify concerning their Christian faith, he was the first on his feet. After an address before another union, the president of the organization requested Mr. Schultz to remain fora moment, as he wanted to say something. .

"I have not been inside of a church for many, many years, except about nine years ago when I was at a funeral," he declared.

"But tomorrow night you will find me and my family at church. From this time on I am going to perform my Christian duty. A church that supports a man who is working for the laboring man's interests is the church for me. "

A Roman Catholic arose and said, "I am a member of the Roman Catholic Church. I also will be found in the Baptist church with our president." The man was the doorkeeper. Then he said, "And I want to make a motion that every member of this union go to church with us, and hear Rev. Schultz in his evangelistic address." The motion was carried. 'l'hl~y were found at the church the next night and quite frequently thereafter.

During a few weeks stay in Portland, Mr. Schultz was invited to visit forty-four labor unions, and managed to speak tci thirty-eight of them. At one of these gatherings a man who had been a pastor in an eastern city, but had become embittered against his church because of industrial conditions, listened to him with intense interest. After the meeting, as the evangelist was leaving the building, this ex-minister asked for the privilege of speaking to him. He told Mr. Schultz who he was, of his early training and then offered his hand and said, 'God helping me, I will renew my vows, return to my church and be found working for Christ."

The laundry workers' strike in Portland gave Mr. Schultz an opportunity. to influence many young men and women who were ~hurch members to remain true, and also to convince others of the need of true Christianity. Many of these young people were members of the Roman Catholic Church, but they showed no disposition to be hostile. One of the women of the Union who was a member of the Catholic Church, said: "Father Schultz, if you remain in our city and give us such good advice ,as you have been giving, you will be more popular than Father 0 'Hara, who is the greatest priest in the world.

At a noon day meeting in Pittsburg, a politician who had been for many years a hard drinker, profane in his language and an ungodly father and husband stood at the edge of a park listening to the gospel as preached by Mr. Schultz. For several days he had been coming to the same spot to denounce the "fakir." But through prayer and faithful dealings this man was converted and became a very efficient worker for Christ, and today holds a license to preach in one of our churches in a great city. He has become a street preacher and a fine personal worker. After four years of testing. his wife, who hardly believed in his profession, became convinced that his conversion was real, and herself accepted Christ, at his own invitation in the church service where he preached, and now happily works with him in his efforts to win men to Christ. He has a position that brings him in wages on an average of $100 a week, an item mentioned just to show that he is a man of ability.

A Converted Syrian

BY REV. GEO. C. DOOLITTLE, Ph. D., SIDON, SYRIA The year 1860 was a troublous time for the Province of Leb- anon in Syria. The war-like Druzes vented their long-time spite upon the Christians of that fair province, with the aid of the Turkish soldiers slaughtering thousands upon thousands of Maronites, Catholics and other Christians. Amidst these scenes of carnage and terror two children were born in a small village near Sidon, who were destined to exert a con- siderable influence in their village and neighborhood. Both of them were Maronites. One learned to read and write and figure, and became the agent of art influential family who owned lands and vineyards and houses. The other cared nothing for learning and was satisfied to spend his young man- hood in roisterous excitement in company with other such companions. These two smoked and drank together and concocted many schemes of deviltry and lawless procedure. They smuggled tobacco, and once nearly killed a man in so doing. Thus they grew to man's estate.

T,hen the Maronite Bishop of the district for some reason angered Eli- jah, who thereupon turned to the' American missionaries in Sidon and to the Protestant leaders, at first largely to spite his Bishop. The latter saw that he had estranged a man of some power and sought to recall him to the church, but it was too late. The evangelical teaching and life had made its impress. Elijah Cook (for so is his Arabic name translated) at the age of forty-two began to pick out in his copy of the Bible the letters and words and sentences and verses, and he persevered until he could read well enough to become an acceptable occasional helper in simple colportage and Bible reading in the surrounding villages. His entire life-currents became changed. Instead of telling and listening to idle tales and worse in the village groups, he devoted his spare minutes to reading God's word.

His children were reared in true Christian nurture, and one after an- other united with the Protestant Church. They were all farmers and day laborers and set a good example to those about them. Elijah was a pillar in the Protestant Church.

At the age of nearly sixty this godly man died, surrounded by his chil- dren. In his last hour he spoke tenderly to them, saying, "MY'death is near at hand and I desire to gain the mercy of God and beseech Him to bless you." Then he bowed in prayer with his children, raised his eyes toward heaven and said, "Oh my God-I beseech Thee to look upon me in' mercy and forgive all my sins and shortcomings,-upon me, a sinner. And stretch forth Thy merciful hand and bless this family old and young and grant them to grow in grace and to live together in harmony and love one for another, even as Thou hast loved us. Multiply them and enable them to grow in every good word and work that brings honor to Thy holy name, oh thou living God." He turned to his children, "Yes, my children, it is your duty to love one another and to reveal your love. And I also . beg of you to promise me in solemn covenant that you will always be on God's side, and may He ever be near to you. Thus shall I be comforted and my body will go down to the grave in peace and joy."

1084

of Welsh Baptist

BY T. FURNISTON. LLANGEFNI. WALES T HE Welsh Nation has produced missionaries of the highest rank, among whom the Welsh Baptists have been eminent in the performing of missionary duties, whether in preaching, scientific, philological, medical, or political departments. Welsh Baptist ministers have gained the eulogy of Empires-India and China.

Modern Welsh Baptist missionaries naturally divide themselves into three classes; namely, those who first entered the field, those who followed, superintending the missions already founded, and those who have lately gone out seeking fresh fields of success.

The Great Baptist Community in America, whether it be viewed as English, Welsh or German, was originated by Welsh Baptist refugees. Those churches known as the New England group, the Midland group, the Southern group and the Western group, all originated in the sons of Cambria. Dr. John Mason Peek, editor of the Western Pioneer, remarks, "The Welsh have been in every age the unflinching advocates of religious liberty; all our ideas and principles on this subject, deep seated as they are in the heart of the American people, are of Welsh origin."

A great leader who appeared in those times was the intrepid Roger Williams, a Welshman hailing from Carmarthenshire. According to Dr. Cathcart,. "he was the first man who founded a state where conscience could be entirely free." He also compiled a dictionary entitled The Key to the Indian Tongue, which to uSe his words~-" I prepared to support my memory lest I should forget what I have so dearly learnt in these last years. "

In another century appears Abel Morgan, a young man of great aptitude, who was born at Allt Goch, Cardiganshire. He settled in Philadelphia. It was he who founded the Baptist Home Missionary Society, and was the author of the first Welsh Scripture Concordance, which appeared seven years before that of Cruden in English.

About half a century after him appeared John Thomas, who was the first Christian missionary that ever entered Bengal. In November, 1800, he was requested to visit a man whose arm was dislocated. Having straightened the man's arm, Thomas inquired .of him as to his soul, and hopes for the future; whereupon the man wept bitterly and sighed.' In two days he appeared, desirous of 1085

entering into the mission house. The following month he was bap- tized, thereby being the first man who avowed Ohristianity in that pagan land.

About three years after his arrival, Thomas had translat~d the· Gospels of Matthew and of Mark, the Epistle of James, portions of Genesis and the Prophets. The first Ohristian hymns were translated by him, and it was he who together with Oarey and Fountain taught the natives the science of music. The first hymn introduced was a Welsh one translated by Thomas. He was the first European to protest against the terrible custom of compelling widows to ascend the funeral pill;', to be burn()d alive with the remains of their husbands.

In 1813 John Rowe was the first European missionary in Jamaica, where he found Moses Baker's Ohapel closed, and the congregation dispersed. The slave masters succeeded in having Rowe's license to preach withdrawn, whereupon he held a school and preached in his own house, thus ultimately conquering his opponents on the ground of public opinion. In 1814 Lewis Richaras, Horatio Jones, and other Welshmen founded the American Baptist Missionary Society. Noah Davise, born of W()lsh parents in Maryland, was the founder of the mighty movement known as the American Baptist Publication Society in 1823.

The great work of the second period was to strengthen advantages already obtained, and to extend operations. In the ever memorable meeting at Spa Fields, London, in 1832, through the eloquence of Dr. William Knibb of Burma, the great mass of people was completely overcome; so thrilling were his arguments, and so passionate were his appeals, that the vast concourse trembled, wept, and shouted alternately. Some timid Ohristian pulled the tail of his coat, advising him to desist, lest he should incur the frown of the authorities; and one Dr. Oampbellexclaimed: "This is a new period in the world's history." John Taylor Jones in 1833 entered Siam; and at the end of ten years, had completed a translation of the whole New Testament in the Siamese language. John Jenkins was in Brittany in 1834, and by this year had completely translated the New Testament into Breton, the first translation understood by the people. It was he also who compiled the first Breton Ohristian Hymn book. In 1851 an astounding incident occurred. As a party of young men traveled in Syria, near Damascus, they were suddenly surrounded by a band of armed men, who demanded that one named Randall should follow them, and that the others should go on their way. The demands had to be complied with. Randall was quickly· taken to the Sheikh's tent, where a wedding feast was provided. It turned. out that the S~eikh 's daughter, on seeing the young man passing, had fallen in love with

LABORS OF WELSH BAPTIST MISSIONARIES

him. Hence the object of this strange movement. He was continually watched. Escape was impossible. The two were wedded together after the Arabian style. Randall soon picked up the Arabic, Arsalia his wife adopting the English, and their children were taught both. To crown all, Christianity, the stranger's religion, became the religion of the tribe, and spread and was welcomed by the surrounding tribes. Randall himself had a Christian church of over there hundred members. In 1856 Thomas Evans, of Pembrokeshire, went to India. He preached in the Bazaars during the terrible year of 1857, when most Europeans feared to cross the streets. He stood in front of an adversary with an unsheathed sword and smashed an idol in the presence of Brahmans. He is known in India as the oldest temperance advocate living, and succeeded in getting one thousand natives in the Punjab alone to sign the pledge.

Missionaries of the third period are almost without exception still living. The first in order of time was Timothy Richard, a native of Carmarthenshire. It was he who first despatched a cablegram to England telling of the great famine that had overtaken the land of China; and the first person who received contributions to alleviate the universal distress. Two-thirds of the thousands of pounds that reached that suffering land were distributed through Richard's. own hands. He was also secretary of that noble enterprise, the Society for Promoting Christian and General Knowledge within the empire.

It seems presumptious to' offer a tribute of praise to men whose literal interpretations of the calls of duty have placed them almost beyond the reach of popular commendation; but anyone who has seen the lives that these men have led cannot fail to feel proud of being able to claim them as countrymen of his own.

A mighty host of missionaries have by God's blessing discharged the most important duties on the great mission field, and have collectively proved themselves competent philologists, preachers, translators, tutors, philanthropists, statesmen and reformers.

Wherein lay the strength of this tribe of Benjamin? In its number, or in its trust in the Lord 1 Shall the missionary flag be recalled 1 Shall we at this time of the day, sound a retreat? God forbid. Rather than recall our services we shall have the African forests thrilled with our Lord's command, we shall convert the desert of Sahara into a garden of the Lord, we shall have India a vineyard for our God, China shall be a school of the prophets, and we shall convert the Congo into a Jordan, and will proceed to baptize the whole world in the Name, and in the Service of Him whose it is. "And they that be wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament; and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars forever and ever." Daniel xii: 3.

Forces. In

It would be strange if in a great country like China there were not strong elements contending for the mastery. The forces for righteousness, on the one hand, include the Christian leaders, native and foreign, and cooperating with them are many who seek China's· physical and social welfare, but are not yet dominated by the spiritual forces of the Kingdom of God. It is not always easy to distinguish the forces drawing the people Godward from those that keep them from surrender to God. China's millions, in a recent number calls attention to some of the movements which the writer believes to' be menacing the future welfare of China, and appropriately asks for prayers that these forces may be overruled. Among them are the following: The Military Peril.-Some who are in a position to judge say that there are probably. one and a half million men at the present time under arms in China, involving an expenditure of from two to three hundred million dollars per annum to the nation, an impoverishing burden to a comparatively poor country. Civil strife has actually developed into a lucrative industry with not a few of the military leaders, and there ooes not appear, humanly speaking, much prospect of improvement.

The Student Movement, while not without its elements of promise, is also attended by many dangers. To quote the words of a well-known Chinese, "Their loose discipline at school, their disobedience of teachers' instructions, their defiance of superiors, their inclination to run the school themselves, and the attempt of some adventurers to take advantage of the unusual situation and get a little selfish amusement for themselves, are things which should be shunned. But who is going to tell them?"

The Menace of Bolshevism.-The Soviet Government of Moscow has. according to the London Times, renounced all treaties with China made by the late Tsar's Government. Extra-territoriality, the Russian tea factories at Hankow and all other concessions are by the Soviet renounced and handed back to· China, while the services of the Russian Red Army are offered to deliver China from all foreign oppression and ambition. Though this whole subject belongs to that political domain about which we prefer not to comment, it would be folly to neglect making such a subject a matter of earnest prayer.

The Opium Peril.-A very serious recrudescence of opium cultivation is taking place in China today. Further, large quantities of morphia still. find their way into China from this country, via America and Japan, and Indian opium also indirectly reaches China from India. Sir Francis Aglen, Inspector-General of Chinese Maritime Customs, has recently stated that during 1919 twenty-one tons of opium and four hundredweights of morphia were seized by the Customs, and this only represents an infinitesimal fraction of what he states is smuggled through.

Surely it is an appropriate time to launch the movement known under the name of "China for Christ," in which Chinese Christians have been moved to attempt a great forward movement with a view to carrying the Christian message to every village in China within the next five years. Pray for the success of this movement.

1088

God's Will for the Moslem World*

By REv. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., CAIRO, EGYPT "The Christian watchwords "Love. 469 in a celebrated treatise on Mo- Joy, Peace," are not those of the hammedan law, written in the tenth Moslem world. Instead of joy, the century, printed and translated in our Moslem hearts today are filled with a day, and published in London as a great sorrow, and instead of peace, text-book for law schools and colthe newspapers tell of wars and leges, we read: rumors of wars between Mohammedans and non-Mohammedans all "Infidels should be forbidden to have the way from MorocCO' to Judea. So houses higher than those of their Moslem we need not deceive ourselves at the neighbors, or even to have them as highoutset by imagining that the Moham- a rule, however, that does not apply to inmedan problem after the war and fidels who inhabit separate quarters. An after the Pea<;e Treaty is any more infidel subject of our Sovereign may not easy f.om the human standpoint than ride a horse, but a donkey or a mule is it was before. permitted him, whatever may be its value, He must use an ikaf and wooden spurs, There is no part of the world which those of iron being forbidden, as well as has felt the effect of the war more a saddle. He must go to the side of the deeply upon its institutions, its gov- road to let the Moslem past. He must not ernmental ideals, and its hopes than be treated as a person of importance, nor the Moslem world. The earthquake given the first place at a gathering. He shock has been felt from the center should be distinguished by a suit of colored to the, very -circumference. The Mo- cloth and a girdle outside his clothes. If hammed'ans in China, as well as the he enters a bathing-house where there are Mohammedans of Morocco, are talk- Moslems, or if he undresses anywhere else ing about the result3 of this war on in their presence, the infidel should wear Islam. It is a world which is disap- round his neck an iron or leaden necklace, pointed, distracted, disillusioned, sor- or some other mark of servitude. He is rowing, expectant, but also defiant. forbidden to offend Moslems either by It is a world that is disappointed and making them hear his false doctrines or by distracted because of divided counsels speaking aloud of Esdras or of the Mesand unfulfilled hopes, centering on siah, or by ostentatiously drinking wine or the one hand in the Khalif, and cen- eating pork And infidels are forbidden to tering on the other hand in the suc- sound the bells of their churches or of cess of Germany or the Powers of their synagogues, or celebrating ostenta- Central Europe, which proved a fail- tiously their sacrilegious rites." ure. T.hat is an ideal of Mohammedan Hearts are disappointed, and public law; which has become absolutely opinion among Mohammedans is di,;- subverted by the course of centuries, and especially by the effects of this tracted regarding the future. One war. has only to read the Moslem Pressas far as we still have a Moslem Press The Calcutta Moslem, a leading -to see what they are thinking, and what they are saying. Things as Mohammedan paper, dated January they ought to be are described in Mo- 9, 1920, says in an editorial: hammedan law books in the sections that deal with the poll-tax to be re- "We have no hesitation in charquired from non-Moslems. On page acterizing those who profess to be Moslems who had the heart and the audacity to join the Peace Celebra- tions, in spite of the fetive of the Ulamas to the contrary, as no better than traitors to Islam."

One need not go any further than • A Missionary Address Delivered at Keswick, England, Wednesday, July 21, and printed in UThe Life of Faith."

1089

those two extracts to make it clear to Old Testament, to its heroism, to its any thinking man, that if we will do devotion, to its martyrdom, to its the reasonable thing and the Christian hope deferred that made many hearts thing, and try to put ourselves in the sick, was simply this, the will of God. place of those people for a single mo- It girded them for every battle, it ment, we will feel as we have never strengthened them in every trial, it felt before-that we stand before a kept them with their faces set like a new Mohammedan world that is dis- flint instead of ever disappointing. tracted and disillusioned and dis- When we turn to the New Testament tressed as it never has been. The it is the key to the life of Jesus Christ leading Mohammedan paper pub- our Lord. He says: lished at Woking, near London, said this was the blackest Lent month that "I delight to do Thy will, 0 God. the Mohammedan world had ever ex- My meat is to do the will of My perienced. Father; he that doeth the will of My Father is My brother and My sister It is also a sorrowing world. En- and My mother." tirely apart from the fact of their religion, Moslem World stands for fam- And when we pray say this, when ine, and pestilence, and suffering, and you pray for the Mohammedan world, poverty, and orphans, and widows. say this, "Our Father, Thy will be Back of those two hundred millions done"-the good and acceptable and are sorrows as deep as the sorrows of perfect will of God. The will of God Belgium or of Northern France, or is not something negative but someof the homes of England that still thing that is active and eager and agare looking for comfort. This Mo- gressive. In the cemetery of St. hammedan world is a world that was John's Church in Keswic.k there are a never so responsive, never so expect- number of graves bearing the beautiant as it now is. From every spot ful inscription, "Thy will be done," with which I have correspondence, and there is a place among the dead from Western China and Morocco, and among those who mourn for that and Algeria, from Egypt, and Meso- petition, but Jesus Christ never gave potamia, and even darkest Arabia, us that petition to pray in graveyards; there come accounts of hospitals over- He gave us that petition to pray face crowded, of schools packed with Mos- to face with the living world of men lem children eager for books of cul- and suffering humanity, and Madame ture, whose record sale is higher to Guyon, with her beautiful, mystic con- Mohammedans than ever before the ception of the Christian faith, has war. The Bible Society as a climax given us a great hymn which all of us tells us that the circulation of the love, but which is only half true. Word of God was never so abundant, so free, so eager as it has been since Upon God's will I lay me down, August, 1914. Like child upon its mother's breast.

This great Moslem world: with all It is a beautiful thought, to rest, its needs, with all its disappointments, to sleep, to be absolutely quiescent, and with the terrible neglect of thir- and let God do His will with us, the teen centuries, stands before us, and surgeon's knife to do as it pleases with we may ask ourselves only one ques- the patient. But that is not the whole truth; that is not the way in which tion, which is fundamental-What is He prayed that prayer in Gethsemane, when He three times said, "Thy will, the will of God for the Moslem world not Mine, be done." It was not the today? What is the will of God for will of submission, but to arise and you and me, face to face with the un- face the band and Judas; and Caiafinished task outlined before us in phas, and the High Priest and Pilate, these days? To a Christian man, to and He poured out His soul unto a Christian woman, that is the only death, to do the will of God. thing that matters. The key to the

1920J COD'S WILL FOR THE MOSLEM WORLD

I like the interpretation of God's Old Testament, the covenants of will face to face with the Mohamme- God's grace and love. We _know dan world that one of our American God's will for the Mohammedans. poets, John Hay, has given. He was a statesman rather than a poet, but First of all, there is the eternal purhe was also a poet, and when he was pose which He purposed in Christ in China unraveling that great tangle Jesus our Lord. Some years ago I of international relations and standing was sitting face to face with a Mo- for righteousness and handing back hammedan, and being very keen to the Boxer indemnity, and trying to find out what his idea was of the goal . straighten out the tangle of Moham- of history and of the fulcrum and medanism and Paganism and Cathol- pivot of its tangled and human con- icism in the Philippine Islands, then ceptions, without showing him the it was that John Hay, our statesman, cover of the book, I opened my New wrote a stray poem for the New York Testament in Arabic, and read a por- Independent, entitled "Thy will be tion of the first chapter of the Epistle done," and these were his words: to the Colossians, which has no proper noun for our Lord, but only pro- Not in dumb resignation we lift our hands nouns. "He is before all things, and on high, by Him all things consist. .It pleased Gor! that in Him should all fulness Not like the nerveless fatali~t content to dwell. And having reconciled all trust and die, things unto Himself"-and so on. Then I paused and said," Who is it?" Our faith soars like an eagle and springs Just as naturally he said, "Mahomet, to meet the sun, the prophet of God." There is the difference_ The eternal purpose And cries exulting· unto Thee, "Oh, God, which God purposed in Christ Jesus Thy will be done." is God's plan for the universe; as Ten- nyson puts it: When tyrant feet are trampling upon the common weal, The one far off Divine event To which the whole creation moves. Thou dost not bid us cringe and writhe beneath the iron heel.

In God's 'name we assert our rights, By sword, by tongue, by pen; And e'en the headsman's axe can flash Gqd's message unto men.

"Thy will," it bids the weak be strong, Shall we sit still when all creation It bids the strong be just; moves to crown Him King· of kings No hand to beg, no lip to fawn, No brow to kiss the dust. and Lord of lords? Wherever man oppresses man, We know God's will not only from Beneath Thy liberal sun, Oh God, be there, Thine arm make bare, His eternal purpose of redemption, Thy righteous will be done. but we know God's will very clearly from His commands. You cannot If we pray the prayer in that fash- tear from the New Testament the ion, we can understand the speaking great commission four times repeated; of God in history. We can under- and whatever the g-reat commission stand the thunder of the artillery at might mean for the South Sea Islands, the Dardanelles. We can read the or for North and South America, or daily paper, and with fear and trem- undiscovered continents, the great bling in the midst of war and rumors commission was given in sight of the of war, still say, "Oh God, God of Near East. The great commission Vengeance, shine forth, Thy will be rang out from Jerusalem to Judea, done." and to Samaria, and to the uttermost parts of the Roman Empire; and' Considering those two hundred millions scattered over the great Eastern whatever Jesus Christ intended, He world, what is the will of God for never intended that the flag and the the Mohammedans? It is not hard kingdom of a usurper should be to answer that question, if we take in our hands the New Testament and the supreme. In the third place there is a gra-

cious promise. I have often thought "Our Father," we call Him. His that God's promises are like promis- character includes at least these three- sory notes given to us at the time of things-a God of truth, and a God of our greatest need. We send our purity, and a God of absolute com- notes and cheques to certain banks passion. He is a God of truth-of to meet certain needs or obligations. truth, I say, and every truth that you I thank God, the Father of our Lord believe and every truth for which you Jesus Christ, that He has kept back are ready to die has been denied, has in reserve as the greatest and most been subverted, has been distorted for definite and most glorious the prom- 1,300 years among these 200 million ise for the Mohammedan world. In people. The authority of God's Holy the 72d Psalm, or the 60th of Isaiah, Word, the Deity of God's only beloved we see the promises that have been Son, the personality and the power of scattered in the Minor Prophets ami the Holy Spirit, the cruciality of the the Major Prophets. And why? I Cross, nay, the very fact that Christ know not, except for this crisis, that died for our sins, has been denied all these unfulfilled promises center in every mosque for thirteen cen- absolutely and definitely in the lands turies, from Teheran to Tangier, from where now there is crisis between Zanzibar to Petrograd, where the Christ and Mahomet. "All the flocks mosques of fifteen million Russians of Kedar shall be gathered together are represented. All over that Mo- unto thee; the rams of Nebaoith shall hammedan world they turn to the minister unto thee, they shall come up chapter in the Koran where it says with acceptance on Mine altar." . . . they did not crucify Him, they did not "He–not Mahomet-He shall run slay Him.

from sea to sea and from the Euphra- I f God is the God of truth and we tes to the ends of the earth." What are disciples of truth, what eagerness will we do with the promises of God there ought to be in our hearts to -trample on them, or claim them face shrivel the falsehood from the souls to face with this baffling task? of men by the patient, by the tactful, Then we know the will of God for by the loving proclamation of God's the, Mohammedan world,. not only eternal truth. .Unless we are pre- from I:Iis command, and His purpose, pared to put footnotes in our hymn- and His promise, but as Dr. Robert book and crown Him Lord of all, Speer has shown us so conclusively, except in the Mohammedan world, from the very character of God. You and put footnotes in our New Testa- have said it all when you have said, ment and say that Jesus Christ is "Our Father," and may God forgive supreme above all except Mahomet, us if we ever are guilty of the un- we are in duty bound to proclaim the pardonable sin of limiting the Father- truth of the everlasting Christ among hood of God. The elder brother tried all nations, beginning in the Near that, and he wa~ not blessed; and if East. God is the God of purity; and any church or section of the church, if He sent a physician to Cuba, or if my heart or portion of my heart, some Eastern city cursed by bad shuts out anything that is human from sanitation, by evil c,ustoms, by a great the love of God, I have no right to cloud of sickness and miasma and call God "My Father." Like as a death that hovers over the population, father pitieth his children, so the Lord that physician needs no special in- pitieth these Mohammedans-though struction; he simply follows the bent they are yet a great way off, He sees of his mind-his keenness to clean them; around Mecca with all the things up, to purify, to produce clean- blood of bulls and goats, and how He ness where there is uncleanness. And wonders that no one goes there and God is the God of purer eyes than to points out the Lamb of God that look down upon the homes of the taketh away the sin of the world. Near East .and the hearts of Moham-

GOD'S WILL FOR THE MOSLEM WORLD

medans and the awful abyss of horror from His messengers. It is not posand sensuality in their everyday liter- sible to mistake God's program toature, without His heart being moved day. After the Boxer uprising in with passion for purity and for holi- China a newspaper as reliable and as ness. There is no section of the non· sober and as dignified as the London Christian world where the horrors of Times made this statement, that the Islam are not found where you have time had now come to withdraw the rnissionarie3 from China, because it Mohammedans. had proved evidently unsafe to send Missionaries have been guilty of a out, at least, unmarried or women missionaries to that great empire. Inconspiracy of silence. We cannot stead of being the time for withspeak; we would not tell of what our drawal, it was God's hour to burst eyes have seen, and our e;lrs have out a revival in the Fuhkien province, heard, of that which is impure and where the number of the martyrs had unholy. The first chapter of Romans been the greatest. Does God cut His is a faithful description of every Mo- ploughshare into human hearts and hammedan city in the Near East, as I not send the sower? Did you ever have seen them. God is the God of receive from God's hand chastisement compassion. The same Jesus who without God following that by the gathered the children in His arms is seed of His word and the seed of looking out in compassion, over His truth? Mohammedans have been heart-broken, they are heartthe world. Eighty million Moham- 'broken today, they do not need conmedan children under fourteen years troversy but charity, they do not of age; forty million little girls just need condemnation but compassion; as beautiful and attractive and lov- they are waiting for God's truth, and able as your own children and mine; the doors everywhere are off their and He said it were better that a mill- hinges. stone were hung around our necks than be guilty of shutting out these Every Mohammedan land, and millions from the love of God. every section of the Moslem world- China, India, Malaysia-is caIling for Not a 3ingle woman missionary, or workers and for an advanced pro- gram as never before. God is man, has gone to any village in the leading us into a great evangelistic Near East among those Mohamme- campaign for the conquest of the dans, and opened the arms of love in Moslem world in our day, and we a little day-school, without these chil- know it from God's message. dren flocking there, day after day, for picture and story, and for the trans- There is not a cemetery in Palesformation of character and the re- tine or Syria or Persia or Egypt or generation of life by the power of Morocco or Algeria, and scarcely a God's Spirit. You cannot keep the cemetery outside the walls of any city children away from the missionaries. or village where you cannot see monu- They flock around them. One cannot ment3 of the pioneers, of the men who take a photograph of one of the mis- years ago poured out their souls unto sionaries in Arabia or Algeria or death and made intercession for the Morocco without chasing away the transgressors and bore the sins of children if he wants a picture of the those people on their hearts, and cried missionary alone. And, God forgive unto God and laid down their lives -pioneers in medicine, pioneers in us, when He has opened the door of education and in every branch of access to Mohammedan 'childhood, Christian effort. I f we do not comthat schools are still waiting for teach- plete their task, if we are silent, the ers and entire districts are waiting for stones will cry out, "The evangelizathe pioneers who will first gather the tion of the Moslem world in your little children into the arms of JeSU3 Christ. But we know God's will far more from His program in history and

generation! Take up the task that this great, baffling task we .will find we laid down!" that God's will for us is good and Then I think of workers on the acceptable and perfect.

borders of the Moslem world, on the The Mohammedan world is waiting far stretches of the great spiritual not for big finance, but for big faith; battlefields. Women are holding en- the Mohammedan world is waiting to- tire sections of the line; men unsup- day not for spectacular ;reports of ported are carrying on hospitals and things that may be or might be, but churches; men and women are travel- for great sacrificial obedience. The ing vast distances, and opening out Mohammedan world challenges us new areas, and planning new con- with God's mandatory, and instead of quests for Jesus Christ our Lord. discussing the mandatory of our coun- The Armenian Church and the try, America's for Armenia, or Brit- Churches of the Near East are gazing ain's for Mesopotamia, or France's for for the rising dawn, and hoping Palestine and Syria, let us turn the against hope, and at last the hour has pages of God's Book and look at that struck for the triumph of the King- great mandatory sealed with His dom of our Lord. The Christians of blood, spoken by His loving voice, in- Damascus, after AlIenby's army carnated by His own passion, to entered, pointed to the old inscrip- watch the Near East, and, following tion engraven in the rock there: "Thy that mandatory of God, let us ask kingdom, 0 Christ, is an everlasting God what is His will for us now for kingdom, and Thy dominion from the Mohammedan world.

generation to generation." Armen- We can do three things for that ian nurses, nursing Turkish soldiers, world-we can carry it in the arms wiped away their tears, saying, "How of prayer, and if we will study its long, 0 God, how long? Thy king- needs, we can enter that world by dom come and Thy will be done in means of self-sacrifice in giving and Armenia, as it is in heaven." consecration in supporting workers, Men and women are standing with and in thrusting out laborers, and we a "stub of a sword," overworked and ourselves can say, "Lord, what underpaid, but faithful unto death wouldst Thou have me to do?" Then, until Jesus Christ, and not the Board, if we are quiet long enough, we will shall give them the Crown of Life; hear the still small voice. That 'was and you and I know God's will for the mistake into which Elijah nearly ourselves today. face to face with fell, for a great and mighty wind rent that Moslem world. "What is your the mountain, and then an earthquake responsibility when you pray "Thy shook it, and fire burnt the rocks. kingdom come, Thy will be done on Elijah siknced them all, and heard earth," in the Mohammedan world? the still, small voice saying to him, What have you done to execute the "Elijah, what doest thou here?"

will of God as lightning does, and ac- What are you doing here? Finish complish His purpose for these Mo- the work of those Elijahs and Elishas hammedan hearts? God is leading us who are toiling or have toiled in the into a great crusade of compassion for Near East. I beseech you, on behalf our Mohammedan brothers and our of this great Mohammedan world, to Mohammedan sisters, and anyone of utter only one prayer-that God will us today who will gird himself or her- use all your strength and all your self into this great crusade of com- time and all your talents to help solve passion will find, as Paul did when he the problems of the Near East, until said, "I beseech you that ye present the kingdoms of Mahomet shall beyour bodies a living sacrifice," will come. not politically, but spiritually, find, as Paul did, that once we put the Kingdom of our Lord and of His ourselves on the altar of service for Christ.

~~" – .B..-ES-Tb~M'EuTwH"O",.D…'S,"." '@

MRS. E. C. CRONK, EDITOR, 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK THE ABBREVIATED ANGELIC ANTHEM Two thousand years ago an angel of the Lord came to shepherds on Judean hills with a message for which the world throughout the ag-es had waited. The glory of the Lord shone round about them as the angel said: "Fear not; for behold I bring you good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people."

In our Christmas thinking and planning and training we have put a period instead of a comma after "joy." We have dwelt on the "good tidings of great joy" and have lost sight of the commission in "which shall be to all people."

Nat with booming of cannon and glare of fireworks; not with feasting and frolic; not with a mere exchange of gifts among friends; not even with the repetition of the Christmas story and the singing of the Christmas carols in our own homes and in our own churches, can we celebrate aright the birthday of aur Lord. If we would truly understand His coming to earth we must lift our eyes also to those millions of the "all people" of the angels' message who have never yet heard of His coming. We must remember those "other sheep" which were always in the heart of the Good Shepherd.

In the Christmas celebrations in our homes and' in our churches let us take out the period we have placed in the angels' message. I.,et us not have a full stop of our Christmas spirit and our Christmas celebrations after the joy of the good tidings that have been brought to us, but in our homes, in our church services, and in our'Christmas giving, have before us an unabbreviated angelic anthem which reaches to the ends of the earth and to "all people."

THE ENTHRONEMENT OF THE no room for our King in them. It RIGHTFUL KING is not the name of the Lord Jesus which our children lisp. When we "Who was born on Christmas?" say "Christmas" they respond "Santa Claus." questioned a Sunday-school teacher Being a person whose convictions in a primary department. There was are active rather than passive she talked with the Sunday-school Superno difference of opinion. The eager, intendent and the pastor. They were in full agreement with her. At the little faces were all upturned to ·her. meeting of the officers and teachers she proposed that they depose the "Santa Claus" led one voice usurper to the Christmas throne, Santa Claus, and enthrone the Lord above the rest and unanimously they Christ: that they practice the text they had preached, "It is more blesschimed- . ed to give than to receive," by train- "Santa Claus."

That Sunday in her room the teacher read bver again the Christ- mas story.

"Our Christmas celebrations have come to be as was that over-crowded inn," she said to herself. "There is 1095

ing their Sunday-school to give in- by the officers and teachers and the stead of to receive at Christmas giving was carefully directed. With time. There were objections and ob- every pupil the gift of self and of jectors but her plan finally carried. service was emphasized. One class promised many hours a week to be On Christmas evening the largest used as the teacher should direct. number of scholars that had ever Two young men at that Christmas attended a service was present. The time made the decision to give them- church was decorated in white and selves for missionary service. ·green. Two slender graceful trees stood in front. They were trimmed These gifts were not announced, only with little tufts of white cotton but were recorded on slips of paper and with sheen of glistening silver placed in envelopes. At the close of sprinkled over them. Between them the service the whole congregation hung a large silver star outlined with sang "All hail the power of Jesus' white electric lights. The regular name." lights were turned on as the congre- gation assembled and during the first The next Sunday a primary part of the service. As the Christ- teacher questioned her class. mas story was told they were turned off and the lights outlining the star ""Vho was born on Christmas ?" were turned on. The pulpit and altar There was no difference of opinion. furniture had white hangings. The eager little faces were all up- turned to her. Unanimously they The meaning of the "White Christ- answered, "The little Lord Jesus!" mas" was explained by a girl dressed and she was content. in white who recited the story of "White Gifts for the King." TWO LITTLE STORIES OF CIIRISTMAS The story of Christmas was told by Scripture passages recited from The Marbles in the Pockets memory by different classes and de- partments as assigned. There was The Committee was packing a box the singing of the Christmas hymns by the school from the little begin- to go to war refugees. At Christmas ners on up to the Bible classes. For weeks before they had been memoriz- the children had brought garments as ing Scripture and hymns. their gifts. Some brought clothes Then there was a ten minute mis!1ionary talk on Christmas for the they had outgrown. Others who had whole wide world by a woman who knew how to give a Christmas mis- two coats had decided they would sionary message. give one to some boy or girl who The interest centered as before around the Christmas gifts. But this had none. time the children were not waiting . expectantly to see a Santa Claus As a member of the' Committee come out to make funny remarks and distribute his favors. Each little folded a boy's coat she felt some- heart was full of the true joy of giv- ing. For many days before, the thing hard in the pocket. teachers had carefully planned with their classes the white gifts they "Better tum these pockets inside would bring. Some brought medical supplies for Mission Hospitals; some out, I suppose,'" she said. "They came with provisions for the needy in their own city; various needs at may be full of chewing gum or even home and abroad had been studied bread and j;lm."

She thrust her hand in the pocket and brought out a torn handker- chief in which were wrapped five marbles. A note scrawled in a boy's hand was in the pocket. She read: Jrw_"-,'->,,,q: T,,' :' ~'. II j "Dear boy who gets this coat, I have eight marbles. First I put in four for you. Then I put in another one. I hope you wi! like the coat-and the marbles. From your little friend, JOHN."

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I looked at those four marbles and . could go around with our old crowd at the fifth one that had been added and hear them sing Christmas carols after a struggle to be generous and through the village just for today, I thought of the marble-less pockets I'd be ready for anything by to- in the presents that we give. morrow morning."

Anyone can give away an out- They seemed very much alone, grown coat. It's the marbles in the these two young students who two pockets, the personal thought, the years before had swept the honors sharing of our treasures, the addi- of their college and then "buried tion .of something that isn't really themselves in Africa," a~ some of necessary that makes the coat most the neighbors said.

precious. I fancied I saw some dear "Close your eyes and make be- little chap who was hungry and cold lieve everything you want to be," said getting that coat. He had suffered Ted. It was one of their favorite much and his eyes were tired and -recreations. .

listless. I saw hirn put on the coat So it was that they did not see the and suddenly as his hand went into approach of the missionary from a the pocket I saw his eyes brighten. near-by station until he shouted, If you have a coat to give put "Wake up, you dreamers; it's Christ- marbles in the pocket. mas morning."

Canned ChrIstmas Greetings The two men who' were with him carried a large box. "I've kept this "If only J'heodore and Peggy were box without peeping in it ever since here" said one of the members of I brought it over last month but I a merry Christmas house party. have instructions to send you out to "Think of those poor chaps cele- the jungle while I open it in your brating their Christmas over in the house, so out with you until I call heart of Africa! I'd give every cent you." A little later they were led I have to be able to have this crowd blind-folded into their house.

shout 'Merry Christmas' to them and Then suddenly a voice shouted share with them our Christmas carols "Merry Christmas, Peggy, Merry and joy." Christmas Ted" and father's hearty "I have it" shouted one of the laugh filled the little room with its boys; "We can do just that thing. old-time contagion. Before they We will have a great surprise for old could realize what had happened Ted and his wife ready by next mother's voice was calling "God bless Christmas." you, my children, on this Christmas One year from that day a mis- day." Then she sang "0 Little Town sionary in Africa stood in his door- of Bethlehem."

way with his young wife, looking out "Christmas gift, Peggy," shouted over the hills. Harry.. They tore away the blind- "I am not a bit sorry that we folds and springing toward the Vic- came, Ted," she said. "I would not trola they fairly hugged it as a child's give up and go home for anything. voice called "Me, too. I want to I love the work and my heart is full say Merry Christmas to my Peggy of joy, but just for today~if only we and my Teddy-boy, and sing 'Away could be home, just this one day of in a Manger' for them."

all the year! I'd give anything to hear Tears of sheer joy filled their eyes father's 'Merry Christmas' and as baby Bess sang her little Christ- mother's Christmas carols. What's mas hymn. One after another the Christmas, Teddy-boy, without mother greetings from the home folks fol- to sing '0 little town of Bethlehem.' lowed· in this wonderful composite If only I could hear dear little Bess record. Harry had just begun his sing 'Away in a Manger,' and Harry violin lessons before they sailed and shout 'Christmas Gift, Peggy.' If I he played a few bars of Silent Night.

With shining eyes the young mis- ,·tltlrch and heard after their own sionaries sat in the family ,,::- 6ervice the wonderful music of the Christmas time as it was sung in "Oh how did they do 1L [' said the white man's country. Peggy as the record was rinished. "Put it in right over again!" And two happy missionaries went to sleep that night cheered for the "Patience, fair lady," said the tasks of the coming days by the g-uest, "My program is but begun." thoughtfulness of a group of young folks at home who did not forget Another record began "The presen- them, but who began a year ahead tation speech will now be made by to wish them a happy Christmas. our most noble citizen, Mr. Borace Manly Price." (Applause.) A LIVING CHRISTMAS TREE "Ladies and Gentlemen: We have In an article in the Church School, not in our midst today as we are Josephine L. Bald.win gives this plan accustomed tritely to say, but out of for a living Christmas tree: our midst two of our most noble citizens and best loved comrades, I need (0 …….. scarcely to mention the names of Mr. The children 111 the elementary and Mrs. Theodore Page." Wild ap- departments of this Sunday-school plause drowned the balance of the had each been asked to fill a stocksentence. The presentation speech ing and to put in it as nearly as they was interrupted by three spontaneous could the things they would like to cheers for "Peggy and Ted" which find in their own Christmas stocking. the record tran'!;mitted so clearly the The stockings were provided that listeners could almost see Nat Horton they might be of a uniform size; spring up to lead them. small, coarse, net ones for the be- ginners, larger ones for the primary "Since we can not bring our com- children and a pair of children's rades into our midst today we, with stockings for each junior, one to be Mahomet-like wisdom, will arise and filled and the other sent with it. As go unto their midst. This Victrola is the juniors differed widely in ability presented to our dear friends, Mr. to give, it was decided to have them and Mrs. Theodore Page, with the accumulate a general store of things everlasting love of the following who at the church and meet there to fill will, as it were, make an autograph the stockings. They had the happiest copy of it by each calling his or her own name and giving not more than two sentences of greeting."

Tqe names and the greetings followed in rapid succession. Then the master of ceremonies announced "one verse only" by the old quartet, and there was a final speech by one of the girls and a medley of Christmas greetings and the record. was done. Then they opened the book of records. A Christmas note was fastened to each one. Some had been given by old schoolmates, some by members of their families. There was One from a Sunday-school class and another from a Young Peopte's Society. Some especial1y fine ones came from a little musical club to which they had belonged.

During the day the people from the Mission gathered in the little

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kind of times popping corn, making those who saw them and the slight molasses candy, dressing dolls, and motions that they could not help making paper dolls. The teachers making as they held the branches brought oranges and nuts, and the made the tinsel sparkle and gleam boys made and brought a number of entrancingly. small toys. The stockings were filled to overflowing when the time came A substantial frame, strong enough and there was enough left to send a to bear a considerable weight was large donation to the Home for the made on the plan of the old-fashioned Friendless. On the night of the flower stands of which our grand- Christmas entertainment a screen for mothers were so fond. The shelves pictures with curtains at either side were half circles, the lower one being hid the back of the platform from about six feet in diameter. There view. As the story of Christmas was were six of these shelves, f'~,~h shown by the stereopticon, appro- smaller than the one below, 'lIe top priate carols were 'Sung and scripture one being only large enough to hold recited, and the simplicity and beauty one child. A ha'f ':Irc!e was cut out of it all led the adults present to of this top step to take in the trunk assert over and over again that that of the Christmas tree. A -tree about was the most perfect Christmas cele- thIrty feet high had been bought bration they had ever seen. The and the branches cut o.ff to within closing tableau formed a fitting cli- three or four feet of the top. This max. When the screen and curtains top was trimmed and then the whole were withdrawn, a huge Christmas was finally fastened into the frame tree was seen, bright with tinsel and of the steps and the branches that other glittering decorations. But best were cut off were trimmed. These and most surprising of all, between branches were held by the children the brrtilches a score or more of on the steps and then around the lowest step the larger boys were stationed, each boy holding a tiny tree by one of its branches, so that these trees took the place of the low branches that sometimes almost sweep the ground. The effect was of a perfectly shaped very large Christ- mas tree, and those who saw it said it was one of the most beautiful tableaux they had ever seen.

SIDNING OF THE CHRISTMAS STAR .1 A PROGRAM FOR CHILDREN ~ Arranged by LAURA SCHI>RER COPENHAVER I and children's faces were seen. Their KATHARINE SCHERER CRONK happy smiles gladdened the hearts of PROCESSIONAL: "Come Hither Ye Faithful." (Sung by choir and school or Mission Rind, as they enter and take their places reserved in front of audi- torium.) RESPONSIVE SERVICE: (Either the regu- lar service of the Sunday School Hymnal or a special responsive service led by pastor or superintendent.) CAROL: "0 Little Town of Bethlehem." Bmul RECl'tA'rIONS A1'."'Il CAROLS: (The Bible Verses should be recited each by

one child or by different groups of chil- shine and the trees glisten with light dren, or a chorus of voices may say the lines in italics and a single voice the They brought the children they knew other lines.) and loved the most. (Re-enter chil- dren leading other children by the hand RECITATION: There were Shepherds They point to the trees and to the Star. abiding in the field, keeping watch over All took up expectantly.) Now the Christtheir flocks by night. mas Star would shine and the trees glisten R£CITATION: And an angel of the Lord with light! But the Star did not shine and stood by them, and the glory of the Lord the trees were dark. shone round about them: and they were sore afraid. CHII,D TO SPIRIT OF CHRISTMAS : We have brought all the children. Can you RECITATION: And the angel said unto them, "Be not afraid: for behold I bring tell us why the Star does not shine and you good tidings of great joy which shall the trees do not glisten with light? be to all the people for there is born to you t1m day in the city of David a SPIRIT OF CHRISTMAS: Many years ago Saviour, who is Christ the Lot'd. when the Christmas angel came to earth And this is the sign unto you: Ye there shone a great light as he said shall find a babe wrapped in swaddling clothes and lying in a manger. to the shepherds: "Be not afraid: for behold I bring you good tidings of great R&CITATION: And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the joy which shall be to ALL the people." heavenly host praising God, and saying, Where are the re!ft of the children? R&CITATION: "Glory to God in the There are only a few here. The shining highest; and on earth peace, good will toward men." of the Christmas Star and the glistening of the Christmas trees are for ALL. CAROl,: "Silent Night." READ&R: Then the children looked at Wben the Star Shone each other and tried to think where they A Christmas Story to be told by a reader could find other children. and played by the children CHII,D: I know some little children who (Enter Reader.) make flowers for hats. I had not thought of them. I will bring them. (Runs out) READIlR: There was once a beautiful cluster of Christmas trees. Above them 2ND CHILD: I know some boys who hung a great star. The children gathered work in the coal mines. I thought they around the trees. (Enter children who gather round the trees and look up e:o- had to work all day so I did not ask them pectantly) , and waited for the light of to come. (Runs out) the Star and the shining of the trees, but the Star did not shine and the trees 3RD CHII,D: I know some little girls who were dark. could not come because they must take CHII,D: What is the matter that the care of their baby brothers and sisters Star does not shine and the trees are all day while their mothers work. May dark? I bring them? (Spirit of Christmas waves assent and child runs out). READER: I can not tell. We will ('all the Spirit of Christmas. (Enter girl 4TH· CHII,D: I know some children who dressed in white robe. She may be called by four trumpeters with gilded work in factories but their clothes are trumpets or may enter wilh{ll,t call.) patched. May they come too? (Spirit of Christmas waves assent and child runs out). CHII,D: Can you tell us why the Christmas Star does not shine and why the R&ADER·: So the children went out to trees are dark? bring the other children they knew who SPIRIT O~ CHRISTMAS: Many years ago when the Christmas angel came to earth had not been invited to see the Christthere shone a great light as he said to the shepherds, "Be not afraid: for be- mas trees. They hunted on the streets hold I bring you good tidings of great and in factories and shops. They went joy which shall be to all the people." into mines and mills and searched many Where are the rest of the children? There are only a few here. The shining dark rooms. Then they ran gaily back of the Christmas Star and the glistening of the Christmas trees are for ALL. leading the other children they .had found. (Enter children leading children RltADIlR: Then the children went out in overalls and patched clothing. Some (e':oit children) to bring th~ other children carry papers, others artificial /lowers, they knew that they might see the Star and sewing; some have smutty faces, Some carry smaller children). Eagerly· they lo~ked up at the cluster of Christ- mas trees and at the Star, but the Star did not shine and the trees were dark.

CHII,D: We have brought all the chil- dren we could find. Can you tell us why the Christmas Star does not shine and why the trees are dark?

SPIRI'r OF CHRISTMAS: Many years ago when the Christmas angel came to earth there shone a great light as he said to the shepherds: "Be not afraid: for behold I bring you good tidings of great

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joy which shall be to ALL the people." where the Christmas trees were with the Star above. "Surely, now" thought they, Where are' the rest of the children? "the Christmas Star will shine and the trees glisten with light;" but the Star There are only a few here. The shining did not shine and the trees were d:uk.

of the Christmas Star and the glisten- CHII,D (sadly): Now we have brought all the children. Why does the star not ing of the Christmas trees are for ALL. shine? Why are the trees still dark?

READER: Then the children tried to SPIRIt oJ! CHRIStMAS: Many years ago, when the Christmas angel came to earth think where any other children could be. there shone a great light as he said to the shepherds: "Be not afraid: for behold They thought they had invited all the I bring you good tidings of great joy which shall be to all the people." Where children they knew. are the rest of the children? There are only a few here. The shining of the CHILD: I know some children who are Christmas Star and the glistening of the Christmas trees are for all. (Children look lame. I did not think of. inviting them. at each other questioningly.) (Runs out) CHII.D : There are children in many CHILD: .I know some blind children. I other lands,-in China. could lead them by the hand. (Runs out) 2ND CHILD: And Japan. CHILD: I know some children who are 3RD CHILD: And India. 4tH CHILD: And Korea. sick. I will bring them. (All run out) 5tH CHILD: And Africa. 6tH CHILD: And Syria. READER: Then all the children went out ALL TOGlltHllR: Shall we bring all the to bring more children. They hunted children of the world?

in hospitals and homes until they found SPIRIt oJ! CHRIstMAS: The angel said that the Christmas message was for ALL many dear children who were blind or the people.

lame or sick and who could not come by Children go out. All of those who have been brought in before go with them. themselves. As they led them in (enter READER: Then the children went out to children wheeling child in invalid's chair, find all the children of the world. Into every land on the earth· they went and leading others, and helping boy 'on brought all the children. Into bark huts in Africa for the little brown children, crutches), they looked eagerly at the into tents for the Indian children, into lovely paper houses for the Japanese trees and at the Star. Now surely the children, into the houses of ice and snow for the Eskimo children, inlo all the Christmas Star would shine and the trees houses of earth they went to find the children of the world. Then they came glisten with light! But the Star did not gladly back, for surely, now the Christ- mas Star would shine and the trees would shine and the trees were dark. glisten with light. (Enter children lead- ing children of other nations in costume. As CHILD: We have brought all the chil- they surround the trees the Star shines and the trees glisten with light.) dren who are sick and those who could RJlADllR: As they surrounded the trees not come by themselves. Why does the the children pointed to the Star so that the children they had brought could see Star not shine and why are the trees where it was, for it was .very dark (children point) and suddenly the Star still dark? shone and the trees glistened with light.

SPIRIt oJ! CHRIStMAS: Many years ago, Then the hearts of all the children were filled with the joy of Christmas. when the Christmas angel came to earth SPIRIt oJ! CHRISTMAS sings with the there shone a great light as he said to children joining in full chorus on italicized words: the shepherds: "Be not afraid: for be- Oh the World is full of Children hold I bring you good tidings of great And their little feet have trod, joy which shaU be to aU the people. Weary paths to upraised altars Of some unknown lifeless God. Where are the rest of the children? Shall we tell them of our Savior There are only a few here. The shining Jesus loves th~ children's praise, of the Christmas Star and the glistening of the Christmas trees are for aU. (Chil- dren look at each other with puzzled ex- pression.) CHILD: The only other children I know are not like us. They live in our coun- try but their faces are red and some are yellow and some are brown and others black. .

OTHBR CHILDREN: I know some J ap- anese children. I know some Chinese children. I know some Indian children.

I know some Negro children.

TOGEtHER: May we bring them to see the Star and the Christmas trees?

SPIRIt OF CHRISTMAS: The angel said that the Christmas message was. for ALL the people.

READllR: So the children went to find all the children from other lands who were living in America. They looked in all the stores that had queer figures and letters on their signs. They went into homes where people spoke strange lan- guages and they took the little children 1y the hand so gently and lovingly they were no! afraid and they led them to the place

And his love will bring a glory CHORUS To the darkness of our days. Exit Spirit of Christmas, children, and CHORUS reader to reserved seats.

"All the Children of the World" OFFERING FOR MISSION:. (The offering should be the chief feature of the pro- Tell them of Jesus. gram, the children having been prepared Let His banner be un furled for weeks in advance to make a real offering of money or· other gifts at this Tell them of Jesus. time.) We will conquer in His name, After the offering a group of very And His matchless love proclaim, small children dressed in white may sing To the children, all the children, LUTHER'S "CRADI,E HYMN:" All the children of the world. Away in a Manger, Oh the World is full of children No crib for His bed, Let them weave a diadem The little Lord Jesus Clasping hands across the ocean .Laid down his sweet head. For the Christ of Bethlehem. The stars in the sky Crown Him King of all the nations, Looked down where·He lay, Our adored and risen Lord . The Little Lord Jesus While the children of all nations Asleep in the hay. Shout His name with glad accord. The cattle are lowing, NO'tl 1. The suggestion made by Josephine L. The baby awakes, Baldwin in The Church School gives the most satish.ctflfY plan for such a lighting effect as is But little Lord Jesus called for. The plates used with this article are No crying he makes. loaned by courtesy of "The Church Schoo!." I love thee, Lord Jesus! • Two half circles about five inches in width Look down from the sky, and five feet in diameter are made of wood, and ball·bearin~ casters are screwed underneath. And stay by my cradle Till morning is nigh. :h:n They are to be 'placed together to form a circle A group of the children in foreign :~~~ iliest~i~~re ~~n~~e~t ~Yt~n~te;V~~~ !nd~ costume may come forward and sing to the same tune: of the half-circles are pulled apart. When the frame is ready, holes must be bored in it in Away in the darkness, which the trees can be inserted. Usually eight No light for our way; rather slender trees six or ei$ht feet high can be used. These trees after belng put into place We children are waiting must be trimmed on the inside as l.ai1y as possi- A glad Christmas day.

~!i; b;~es~dwfoe~o~ceealir~~; i~f ~~:etri!~i~~f~h:~ VVe need the Lord Jesus; Oh send out the Word would otherwise show. A atring should be Until by all people attached to either side of the open end of the circle long enough to reach to the end of the The story is heard. platform. When the time comes in the story. the persons charged with this duty can pull the strin~s PRAYER: For the children of the world. so quickly that the effect seems really like magIC as a line of trees ten feet long comes suddenly :HYMN: "Joy to the World (to be sung into view. The trees after serving this purpose go with the dinners and gifts to the poor. by entire congregation).

ullt;te2·cl~JJre:o~lSth:n!oridt;·si~a~O b!h~ec~~~~ BIIID:DIC'fION, from Literature Headquarters, 844 Drexel Bldg., Phila., Pa., for 10 cents a copy.

NOTE 3. The children who play the story should be seated on front seats during the first part of the program. Some cornetists, from one to five, in white robes may sound the call for the' Spirit of Christmas. They may then play a verse of a Christmas carol during the exits and entrances of the children.

1. Casters 2. Ifoles to settreesin 3. Ifinge

Woman's Foreign Mission

Edited by MRS. WM. H. FARMER, Montclair, N. }.

THE EDITOR'S MESSAGE of the world these long-neglected women are asking for their chance Christmas is coming. You are be- in education and medical care and ginning to plan for it. Have you plain human rights. realized the importance of putting a missionary significance into gifts and Our mothers began it all with their celebration? An Oriental trifle has missionary societies, organized in the been known to lead a child to love the decade after the Civil War. The germ Far East and to turn a mind and heart was in those primary schools for girls, in the direction of volunteering for which were succeeded by middle, high missionary service. Every anniver- and normal schools. Now, at the end sary is a new opportunity. of thi~ war, we have five union col- leges and two medical S'chools for the We doubt not that many have heed- women of the Orient, all pleading for ed the appeal of the October Bulletin expansion. The societies that led up to provide a generous Christmas for to this have not, with all their urgent lepers. While soap and blankets are denominational demands, realized always acceptable to both the leper their hopes financially, and beyond patients and their missionaries, it is maintenance they can do little. Four well to emphasize the fact that money of these colleges were born during that can be spent to meet their needs the dark days af the W:lr, and with is the best offering. Transportation superb faith have persisted. Now charges are heavy, and are a loss to these intellectual "War Babies" have the cause. American dollars will us- grown in numbers and must t.e housd ually buy more at the leper stations and equipped or dwindle and n;e. than in the United States.

AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL A MILLION DOLLAR CHRISTMAS GIFT CHRISTMAS GIFT By Mrs. E. C. Cronk. A new League of Nations, a Christ- Anyone who is under the pessimas league of mercy and love, is be- mistic depression of being persuaded ing formed by a special committee on that calls and appeals and drives an International Christmas Gift for have been sounded and made and Ul1ion Colleges artd Medical Schools conducted until we have a callous for the women of the Orient. America, impervious to any new need, has not attended one of the initial JESUS, the Founder of the Christian meetings to discuss and plan for the Faith, in contrast to other religious one million dollar Christmas gift teachers-Confucius, Buddha, Mo- from the women of America to the hammed-provided in His plan a place women of the world. for women. He helped them long ago, as He helps us today, to reach The need is so great, the opporthe highest ideals. So in His Name tunity so evident and the plan so we ask you to consider this Christmas simple that without exception the gift to the women who live as women first comment is "It must be done." lived when He walked among them in lands of the East. . If it is done the seven union col- leges for women of the Orient will Why do the women of India China be equipped in a way that will mah and Japan want higher edu~ation? the advance of their work possible Because they have seen what other women have received and the results If it is done "the hand that rockg they have q.tt~jned. In this new day the cradle rules the world," will be 1103

lifted from the zephyr wrought wall of America have ever undertaken for motto sentiment class to the "worthy the women of the world." of your millions" investment class. "It must be done" say hundreds of If it is done it will mean wives women who are going to serve on and mothers and teachers and le<"d- committees and give their time and ers for the Orient who are educated their homes and their money so that Christian women. it will be done.

If it is done it will mean the sav- "It must be done," and because ing of the lives of thousands of they know that only the power of women and children, and the allevia- God can accomplish it thousands of tion of the untold misery of hun- women are praying every day that dreds of thousands who have suf- God may grant us exceeding abunfered with no one to help. dantly above all we ask or think.

"It must be done" said a woman WHAT IS NEEDED who was in one of the first meetings. She went home and told her hus- There are five union colleges and band of the plan. "It must be two medical schools for women under done" said he. the direction of the Joint Committee for Union Colleges for the Women of Re immediately sought the chair- the Orient. man of the committee. These are a part of the great new "I have 'been expecting to ertct world movement, perhaps the best some sort of a memorial to mv part, as they are forerunners of inmother and I can think of no more tellectual, spiritual' and physical un crumbling monument to a man's emancipation for the suffering mil~ appreciation of his Christian mother." lions of women in the Far East. Th,e His gift is ten thousand dollars. t;novement is more significant and im- portant than the granting of the "It must be done" say the' mothers ballot to women in the' Western and fathers whose own little girls world, and should appeal to the have gone from earth to heavi'n. hearts of all pz:ogressive men and "If our darling had lived we would women. have spent many thousands of dollars to send her to college. Let us There are two medical schools for open the college door to some girl of women under this Joint Committee, the Orient who would otherwise be with two more pleading for entrance. shut out." The first is in Vellore, I ndw, about "It must be done" said a small four hours from 'the great city .of group of women at a luncheon in Madras. Its president is Dr. Ida the nation's capital city during the Scudder, granddaughter of the first Convention of the Merged pioneer medical missionary who went United Lutheran Church of America. out to India a century ago. This school opened its doors in August, "Let us tryout the plan before it 1918, or rather, since it had no is printed and see whether it will doors, it camped out in a hospital of work and whether an average' gift the Dutch Reformed Board. The of $10.00 each can be secured from Government of India said, "While a group of women." They did their we are at war we cannot give grants, Christmas shopping early and with but this is urgent, necessary. Only radiant joy. In a few minutes $600 women can carry on the enterprise. was pledged. If you will get six Indian girls to study medicine we will give you a "It must be done" said the presi- grant, notwithstanding war." Sixtydent of a well-known girls' school. nine Indian girls applied; only "Give me one of those irresistible eighteen were qualified to ente~ In dime boxes of Ginling and every girl in our college will have a chance to 1919 eighty-nine students applied for hear of the greatest thing the women

THE WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

entrance. There were shll no build- hundred and forty. It occupies a ings, only a small class, twenty-four rented building, quite inadequate to ' in number' couM be entered. This its needs. It has invested in a piece year, one hundred and twenty-ji1!e Indian girl students asked to be ad- of land in a most desirable part of mitted to the class of 1921. Only the city. It is without a house, exthirty can be taken in two small cept for a small building given by rented houses. the Japanese Imperial household. It is making a marvelous record, in There are millions of young spite of all its handicaps, but is remothers, little girls only twelve or fusing entrance each year to hunthirteen years' of age, and there are no doctors, no nurses, and alas! no dreds of applicants. . ro'Om for those who would gladly fit themselves to care for them in their The leader of a recent commisdark hour of suffering. sion to Japan, sent by the Chambers It is for His birthday in this year of our Lord 1920 that we ask for of Commerce of the Pacific Coast, made the following statement to the Board of this College,- "The only mission work I saw in Japan this gift, shelter for the coming was this coJiege for women. You ought to invest a miJIion dollars and might well women doctors of India. invest twenty millions in the interest of international relations alone. Japan can- Peking Medical School, in the not enter the family of nations on all great Chinese capitol, is at work training Christian women as doctors equality. until she revises her ideals of and nurses: It, too, needs buildings and equipment. There are 200,000,- womanhood. This Woman's Christian 000 women in China. Many cannot College in Tokyo will help her to do that. Support it generously for it will be a greater force for world friendship than be reached by men, even if there all our Chambers of Commerce."

were men to pelp them. There are This is a significant appeal, not just 95 women doctors in China. from a Mission Board, but from the The appear for nurses is pitiful leader of the San Francisco Chamber since 60% of the hospitals of China of Commerce.

have no nurses at all. Plenty of The five colleges are in Peking, Chinese Christian girls, with high Nanking, Lucknow, Madras and school training, ready to begin study, Tokyo.

but there is 'no room. . Peking or Yenching College is in the ;Where there are medical schools great capital of China and is our one there must be colleges for pre-med- hope for training the leaders for ical scientific work and we must also women in the north. It had its be- train the leaders for Christian educa- ginning in 1907. It needs buildings tion and literature. We have worked if it is to continue to grow.

as Women's Boards of Missions to- Ginling College, at Nanking, has ward this end and now, with the made a wonderful record since it goal in sight, and five growing col- opened its doors in 1915. It is still leges,-Tokyo, Nanking, Peking, living in an old rented Chinese house, Lucknow, Madr.as the Boards have cold and uncomfortable, with fungus not the resources for land, buildings and mould on its walls and floors. It and equipment. They can pay the has secured land, but has not a single maintenance by making a great ef- building.

fort, but a college must have class Lucknow College for Women, be- rooms, dormitories, chapel, and it g-un by Isabella Thoburn under the ought to bave a laboratory and Women's Board of the Methodist gymnasium and science building. Episcopal Church, has shown what the Tokyo is a good example. After Indian Christian woman can do for years of study and appeal it opened her people in education, literature and in A-pril, 1918, with a class of eighty- medicine. It has recently become a four young women. It now has two Union College under the Voman's

Boards of. the Presbyterian and Meth- club women, college alumnae, odist denominations. women's suffrage clubs, might well respond to such an appeal. They The Woman's Christian College, hav.e given to the Near East Relief. Madras, opened its doors in 1915, an generously, gladly. They 'have given interdenominational experiment, com- to war work, to Liberty Loans, Red Cross, Young Men's and Young bining in the Board of Governors six Women's Christian Associations. This has the same broad appeal to mission boards in Great Britian, five in the same constituency. It is perthe United States and one in Canada. manent relief, medical and educa- tional, for it aims to give these Need we take further space to countries trained leadership among state the pressing needs of all these women. colleges for women? President Pendleton summed it up in one sen- The members of the Joint Comtence on her return from her recent mittee on Union Colleges for the trip to the Orient: "We need money Vomen of the Orient are: for our women's colleges here. They need it a thousand-fold more there." REV. ]AMIlS L. BARTON, D. D.

The Plan ROBERT E. SPEER Since Mission Boards cannot, un- MISS MARGARET HODGE der existing arrangements in the larger denominations, appeal to REV. WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Ph. D. churches or missionary societies for REv. FRANK MASON NORTH, D. D. funds not included in denominational budgets, the Joint College Board, MISS ELIZABETH BENDER representing all these institutions, is asking for a million dollars to MRS. W. A. MONTGOMERY finance them. Each one is in desperate need. Unless relief comes MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY soon some of these schools may have MRS. ANNA ATWATER to close. We are not asking for large gifts, but we believe there are MISS MABEL HOWELL one hundred thousand men and MRS. PHILIP ROSSMAN women in this country who woulG each give $10 as a Christmas offer· PRINCIPAL GANDlER ing to save this beginning of Christ· tian education for women in the Russell Carter, Treasurer great centers of the Far East. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City …. Each state and city will organize its committee and receive its quota A United Day of Prayer For Missions of givers. The special effort will begin December 1st, but every woman February 18, 1921 who reads this can immediately secure a committee' in her own com- The first united Day of Prayer for munity, assign her quotas and find at Missions was observed last winter on least ten or one hundred other men the first Friday in Lent, -the day set and women who will give $10 before for its annual observance. Christmas. Large gifts-and we must have them also-should go A joint committee from the Federathrough denominational Boards, to tion of Woman's Boards of Foreign make up their quotas. Mission Missions and the Council of Women Boards have done all the preparatory for Home Missions is now preparing work. They now come to the gen- the program for February 18, 1921, eral public. Surely business women, when the Day of Prayer will occur this year. Reserve this date! ~Henry w. Peabody, 702 Ford Building, Come to Florida This Winter! Boston, Mass. is in charge of tke Central Oflice and is directing the work. She wilt fumish all Visit a School of Missions! Faculty literature needed and giYe additional informatioft chosen from those who taught at the .and instructions. Northfield, Mass. Summer School. Mrs. Farmer will lectur.e on Methods and the "Bible and Missions." St. Petersburg, January 15 to 22; De- Land, January 23 to 29; Miami, January 30 to Feb. 3.

no • For information write Mrs. G. W. Cooper, 250 N. 5th Ave., St. Petersburg, F1a..Miss L. Swanson, 127 W. Howery Ave., DeLand, Pia., Rev. R. N. Merrill. White Temple, Miami, Fla.

fROM .MfJNY

NORTH AMERICA stitute, a boys' club, a community betterment program, as well as Universal Week of Prayer Bible training and evangelistic ser- vices are also conducted by this THE World's Evangelical Alliance church, which is proving to be the announces the anuual Universal 'hub" of general betterment work, and of social and religious activities. Week of Prayer, to be observed Jan- No other church is wanted in Kasuary 2-8 inclusive. The topics sug- beer. gested for each day are as follows: Lutberans Appeal for MissioDnries Sunday, January 2-Texts for Sermons and Addresses. THE United Lutheran Church, "I will lift up mine eyes unto the hills. meeting in biennial convention at From whence cometh my help? Psalm cxxi. 1. Washington in October, adopted reso- "Behold how good and how pleasant it lutions urging the Allied governis for brethren to dwell together in unity." Psalm cxxxiii. i. ments to revoke the war time restric- "In the world ye shall have tribulation; tions on missionaries. but be of good cheer, I have overcome the world." St. John xvi. 33. The statement of principles and "Neither pray I for these alone, but for resolutions as adopted read: them also which shaIl believe on Me through their word; that they all may be "The principle of religious liberty has one as Thou, Father, art in Me, and I in slowly gained ground and is now recog- Thee, that they also may be one in Us; that nized by all Governments in peace treaties the world may be:ieve that Thou hast sent and international affairs. Me." St. John xvii. 20"21. "The right to propagate religious truth "The communion of the Holy Ghost be is a corollary of religious liberty. It is with you all." 2 Cor. xiii. 14. as inalienable as is the right of civil liberty.

Monday, January 3-Thanksgiving and "The exercise of the rights of conscience Confession. cannot be annulled unless it becomes sub- versive of good morals and public order. Tuesday, January 4-The Church Uni- Only when it can be clearly shown that versal. such exercise interferes with the rights of others and results in disorder may Govern- Wednesday, January 5-Nations and ments interfere_ their Rulers. "When properly taught and exemplified, Thursday, January 6-Missions among the Christian religion has ever promoted Moslems and Heathen. law and order, advancing civilization and strengthening good government." Friday, January 7-Families, Educational Institutions an d the Young. To TraIn Foreign.Speaking Pastors Saturday, January 8-Home Missions HE American Baptist Home Misand the Jews. T sion Society has secured a per- A Successful Commuuity Church manent location in East Orange, N. J., ON THE prairies in Kasbeer, Illin- ois, a little village of ninety for the seminary for the training of people, is a Methodist Protestant new Americans to be pastors and Church that is doing a great work as a Christian community center.. The mission workers among their own pastor is Rev. Frederick Baylis, a convert of the Bowery Mission in people, and the sessions will open N ew York. The church is the only one in the town, and among the one about December 1st. Since there are hundred and fifty-two members are Baptists, Congregationalists, Luther- large foreign groups in the New ans, Disciples, Presbyterians and Methodists. A free Chautauqua is will Jersey cities adjacent to East Orconducted, which last year brought ange there be valuable opportogether 3000 persons; a farmer's in- tunities for students to carryon mis- sionary work while pursuing their studies.

1107

Three departments. will be ready A large part of the business sessions to open by the end of this year, had to do with plans for a nine-sided Russian, Polish and Hungarian, and World Unity Temple, a $1,000,000 it is hORed that by October, 1921, edifice to be erected in Chicago, on the entire school will be ready for a site purchased some time ago. The its work. nine entrances to the great hall of Immigrants at ElHs Island religion will be symbolic of the nine historic religions.

THE tide of immigration, abruptly The errors of Bahaism have more turned back by the war, is now than once been exposed, yet Amer- rising with increasing rapidity. Sep- ican nominal Christians of unstable tember saw the greatest congestion at mind continue to be attracted by it.

Ellis Island ever experienced, and A vigorous Mohammedan propa- there is great danger that inspection ganda is also being carried on within will not be sufficiently stringent. the United States. A tract is being Frederick A. Wallis, Commissioner widely circulated asserting that the of Immigration, has granted permis- American idea of Mohammedanism, sion to place eight Christian workers as given by Christian missionaries, is on the Island, one of these to be pro- entirely false and that the rule of vided by the Presbyterian Woman's Islam is such a priceless repository Board of Home Missions. This of spiritual truth that no other relig- Board will be responsible for the ion can compare with it. This tract work for Spanish people. The na- avers that if a tree be known by its ture of the missionary work done fruits, Mohammedanism far out- will be governed by the emergencies strips Christianity. Some readjust- as they arise. ment of history is necessary to sup- The Immigrants' Mission Board ·of port this claim.

The United Lutheran Church is An Interesting Experhnent charged with the spiritual ministra- WITH the sanction of the city tion to immigrants coming particu- authorities, there has been larly from Central Europe. The na- established in New Yark City a tionalities which have received spec- Jewish Court of Arbitration for ial attention from this. Board are the the consideration and settlement Slovaks, -Magyars, Slovenians or Windish, the Siebenbuerger, Letts, of minor disputes and difficulties Poles, Italians, and recently assistance among Jews, which they wish to keep out of the civil courts. The has been extended to the Finns. By 'far the largest numbers of im- court is composed of twenty-four migrants arriving since 1900 are members: six members of the jufrom central and southern Europe, diciary of Greater New York, six where the Roman Catholic faith is rabbis, and twelve lawyers and predominant. In the case of the – merchants versed in the ancient Letts there is an especially bitter laws and customs of the Jewish feeling against the Russian State people. The procedure of the Church which reacts to create hatred court will follow the old Mosaic law as far as possible. The experi- 'against all religion. ment will be watched with in- The Lutheran. terest both by Jews and non-Jews.

Congress of Bahaism Change at "Inasmnch MIssion," Philadel- phia BAHAISM, the Persian cult founded by Baha Ullah. held its THE Octavia HilI Association of twelfth annual congress recently in Philadelphia has taken over New York City. Sessions were held the Inasmuch Mission at 1011 Lofor three days, but only the evening cust Street. The religious work meetings were open to the public. will be in charge of Mrs. George

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Long, widow of the Mission's in preaching to the Protestant pupils. founder. The institution came into The Y. M. C. A. and the Y. W. C. A. existence in 1911, and a few years hold their services on Sunday evenlater a mission building costing ing. Protestants and Catholics have $250,000 was erected by Mrs. religious instruction also on Tuesday George Woodward. The char- evening and the Mormons on Thursacter of the neighborhood having day evening. Attendance at all of the changed completely, there is not meetings, with the exception of Sunthe same field for rescue work as day evening, is compulsory. formerly. (See Missionary Review of the WorId for August, It is encouraging to note that the 1913.) use of tobacco is prohibited in the Phoenix Indian School. Ethnological Course for Missionaries The Lutheran. THE importance of a knowledge of racial psychology for those LATIN AMERIOA who would work effectively on the foreign mission field is com- An InstItutional Ohurch in Mexico ing to be recognized. A course along this line has been instituted WHEN a union mission press was at the Kennedy School of Mis- started in Mexico the Presbysions at Hartford, Conn., to be terian mission press in Mexico City under the direction of Mrs. Agnes was remodeled for use as an institu- Leaycraft Donohugh, Ph. D. This tional church. This has now outwill include a course on the life grown its original quarters, and an of na,.tive peoples, their customs additional three· story building is ocand mentality; followed by special cupied, the first floor being used for studies of AfriGan native life and lectures and church services and the of village community life in India. upper stories for gymnasium, social and club rooms. A member of the Indian TraInIng at PhoenIx American Legation conducts regular classes at this center. So successful THE U. S. Training School for has the work been that similar ac- Indians at .Phoenix, Arizona, tivities are being inaugurated in comprises 160 acres of ground and other sections of Mexico City. fifty-six buildings. The total number enrolled last year was 725, about Protestants United in Panama equally divided between boys and girls, and representing forty-three AT LEAST seventeen American tribes. Prote~tant denominations are rep- resented among the five hundred resi- Religious instruction has a place in dent members of the Union Church the school. In regard to doctrinal of the Canal Zone, and the thousand beliefs, they are separated into three young people in the Sunday-schools. classes-Protestants, Rom::n Catho- This interdenominational church was lics, and Latter Day Saints or Mor- constituted in 1914 and includes four mons. The first class includes nearly local congregations and one mission thr.-fourths of the whole number. under its collegiate oversight. The There were thirty-six Mormons in constitution provides that the church's attendance this year. Catholic chil- activities shall be non-sectarian and dren have separate instruction on its teachings evangelical. In spite of Sunday morning at 9 :30 o'clock, and many difficulties, the work ha3 been the other two groups join in Sunday- steadily successful. In fact, the tryschool at the same hour. All attend ing out of this experiment in Chrispreaching services or instruction at tian. cooperation offers data that will 3 :20 p. m. Eleven pastors of prove instructive to students of Phoenix churches take regular turns church polity. Much of our incen- tive to Christian unity comes from the modern mission field.

PrIson Church i. Guatemala was incurred, and an equal sum is needed for proper equipment. REV. Paul Burgess tells in the "Guatemala News" of an un- EUROPE usual church and "university" in Quezaltenango penitentiary. One of Friends in Conference the members of the Protestant church lost a horse by theft and THE All Friends Conference, reported at once to the police. But bringing together 1000 prominent the latter considered it simpler to adherents of the Quaker faith from arrest the informant than to catch the all parts of the world, met recently robber, and so sent him to jail for in London, and was the first gather- two years. The man was an earnest ing of its kind since the 17th century. Christian and decided that the Lord America sent 350 delegates. The must have sent him to the prison for discussions centered on three topics: a purpose. His first convert was an Italian, and others followed in time. (1) The need of maintaining a liv- Bibles and literature were supplied by the Presbyterian mission, and a ing silence~a silence full of events- flourishing congregation came into being. Some of the prison members in the meetings for worship. . when released went out to preach, and at least two churches were or- (2) The increase of social interganized by ex-prisoners. course among the members of the An anti-alcohol campaign was among tl:e activities of this prison meetings, irrespective of barriers of church. Courses of study were given by the lawyers and other edu- class or of opinion. cated prisoners, and as most prisoners had to remain in j ail from two to (3) The extension of religious edufive years awaiting sentence of the cation. court there was time to acquire a considerable amount and variety of Congregationalist. knowledge. Jews in Paris But the unionist forces in the late rebellion set all prisoners at liberty. I N Paris there are not less than Now the prison is again filling up, 100,000 Jews, the majority of but no church members are among whom are from Eastern Europe. the inmates. There are also at present hundreds of emigrant Jews from all parts of A Boys' Refol"lllatory, Trinidad Europe, passing through Paris on their way to America. These emi- TRINIDAD has a boys' reforma- grants are sometimes compelled to tory, opened twenty-nine years wait for weeks and even months ago by the Church of England. until they are able to proceed fur- About two hundred boys are under ther. Thus there is in Paris scope supervision there, nearly all from enough for a well organized and effimost destitute surroundings. In the cient work among these .Tewish masses, institution they respond to kind treat- but it is a long time since any attempt ment, and are being trained to be' trustworthy, to respect the rights of has been made to reach the Jews of others and to understand that God Paris with the Gospel. is displeased with wrong doing. Since the masses in Paris are During the war when the govern- irreligious, the Jew, dependent on the ment grant proved insufficient to good will of his neighbors, thinks he maintain the work, a debt of £ 1500 must hide his religion as much' as possible and' conform to the life about him. The young Jew has no higher ambition than to become a Frenchman as soon as possible. They are sheep without a shepherd. " The London Mission to Jews ha:> undertaken a work among the women and children, and that for the chil- dren is especially promising.

The Scattered Nation.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Religions Traln1ng 'in Germany martyred, the kindling of interest was instantaneous." THE J 0hanneum at Barmen, Ger- many, is a training school for Baptist Headquarters in Rome evangelists. The rector emeritus, Dr. Theodore Haarbeck, has this to THE Southern Baptists have say of religious conditions in his purchased the entire Piazza country : Barberini at Rome. The site is on the Quirinal, and is one of the "Our evangelists everywhere' find most desirable in the city. The doors open, churches full, and much seven buildings on the square will care for 30uls. There is a hunger in be replaced by a Baptist church, the land not only for bread but also theological seminary, publishingfor the Word of God. Since the house and residences for mission war, gifted and believing .young men workers. have offered themselves to our school, so that we have twenty-eight pre- Methodist Orphanage in Italy paring for Christian work. We have never been so entirely thrown on A VILLA of forty-six rooms, faith as at present. Our expenses with seven and a half acres of are fourfold those of pre-war days, ground and several small buildyet we have never lacked." ings, has recently been purchased by the Methodist Centenary Fund The University of Bonn has made to house the orphanage estab- ·Dr. Haarbeck doctor of divinity in lished in Naples by Signor Santi recognition of his serv.ices as leader fifteen years ago. of this Bible training school, "of its straight-forward Biblical teaching An Italian Presbyterian church and of the rich fruit this teaching in New York has agreed to suphas borne." port two orphans, and a 'Metho- dist church in New York's "Little ReMrd of Christian Work. Italy" has contributed $500 to- ward general expenses. The num- First Bohemian Students Conference ber of orphaned children at pres- ent being cared for is nearly one THE first Student Christian Con- hundred, both boys and girls, and ference ever held in Bohemia met ranging from five to ,thirteen years last July in a thousand year old of age. Educational work for the castle of the Hapsburgs, which younger children is conducted at President Masaryk put at their dis- the home, while the older ones atposal. "Practically all the students tend a government schooL who attended were atheists or agnostics," says Dr. Sherwood Eddy; The Continent. "they had learned to look on Christianity as a colossal tyranny. They The "Red Bible" began in this conference their first study of the Bible and their amaze- A COLPORTEUR working among ment at discovering something so the Jews of Russia reports that a entirely different from their precon- book called the "Bolshevik Bible," ceptions ,of religion was a most pro- edited by Lenin and Trotsky and found encouragement. The great bound in red covers is being sold vantage point of the situation was by thousands. He visited a home the unbroken pride of all the men in one day where the housewife disthe name and'memory of John Hus. played one of these "Bibles" saying: He was the great superman hero of "This is my Bible, and if I were you them alL When they were made to I would burn all your Bibles and .sell understand that the Young Men's or distribute Bibles like this one. Christian Association held to the kind It would do more good than you can of Christianity for which Hus was with your." There followed a dis- cussion upon the merits of the true

Bible, and presently the daughter of diverse types and smite the ear with eleven years who had listened quietly a more complicated Babel of tongues joined the conversation with: "Can than any other city in the world. you prove that there is a God? I Christianity has been carried into can show you that the Bible is full practically all lands, and from most of lies. The only hope for the of them pilgrims journey to the world is Bolshevism." When asked birtI1place of their religion. J erusa- if she would read the Bible if given lem is not alone the Holy City of one she agreed to do so, and the Christians; it is dear to the Israelite's colporteur left her reading it with heart, and the followers of Mohamgreat interest. med hold it second, to Mecca itself in sacred esteem. There one meets Jewish Bra. sandaled or barefooted Greeks, Latin and Armenian priests, sisters of var- Conditions in Kiefl' ious orders from the numerous con- vents situated within and without the MR. 'P. GORODISHZ, Hebrew walls, Protestant ministers of various Christian missional y to Kieff, sects, and pilgrims, some somberly, Russia, which has been taken and some colorfully dressed, from every ·retaken some fifteen times since the land under Heaven. Mingled in the war began, has written a letter to stream of Christians one will see Mr. David Baron, upon his return Jews and Tur.ks and Arabs and from London,' in which he pictures Indian Mussu-lmans. conditions there. "It was difficult to recognize the Hebrew Chris- While changes in the physical aptians, so changed were they. The pearance of Jerusalem and in the winter had been very hard, and most make-up of its population occurred of them were obliged to live in un- even under Moslem rule, there al'e heated rooms. 'I found my chil- many far-reaching <i:hanges that have dren without shoes; it was the same taken place only since the expUlsion with my feIlow workers. Want of the Turks. The city has been stares in the face at every step; unhealthful for a long time, largely typhus, which raged here in its because of the lack of an adequate severest form during the whole win- and pure water supply. After the ter, and the great want of drugs and occupation of Jerusalem by General linen, have greatly increased the dis- Allenby December 11, 1917, an old tress. Persons who before helped uncompleted project of the Romans others are now begging for help was completed to bririg water to the themselves. The lack of medicine is city from a never failing spring fifindescribable. On the other hand the teen miles to the north beyond Bethevangelization work is very encour- lehem. Within a few months after aginJ<. Much interest is shown for the expulsion of the Turks the new the Gospel and the meetings are weIl system was delivering to the city attended. Without hindrance the 320,000 gallons of water a day. Gospel is preached in the hall the Thus one great need of the city was same as in the street. I found a supplied, and planning was begun number of recently converted He- along other lines to improve the brews." conditions of sanitation: The Scattered Nation.

MOSLEM LANDS Churches Suffer from Emigration Co;;mopolltan Jerusalem DISTURBED conditions in Syria since the close of the war have AMERICANS who do not realize ),reatiy handicapped the work of the the many divisions into which Presbyterian Mission. Emigration Christianity has fallen may learn has sorely depleted the churches and much by a walk along the streets of the ranks of' the ministers. One of Jerusalem, which today show more

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS )l13

the three ordained Syrian pastors in as teaching of the orphans, as well the presbytery of Sidon had gone to his sons in Brazil, and sixteen keeping up his own studies. churches reported that additions to All the World. their .membership were only one- INDIA seventh of the maximum figure. Besides the emigration many Syrians A Potent Factor In India from Sidon have moved into the neighboring district of Palestine, By WAY of comment on the powhere the British occupation has litical and social unrest in the brought quiet and prosperity. A India of today, a missionary of the large number also have entered the American Board asserts that Chrisservice of various American relief tian missions' are contributing in agencies. large measure to stability and order. Thi3 is an influence altogether un- 'Shofar" Sounded official, but one which helps to me- diate between government and people, WHEN the news of the restora- healing their misunderstandings. The tion of the Jewish National Christian communities are a real force, but are often overlooked in homeland through Great Britain's estimating the trend of affairs in the mandate over Palestine reached the new India.

Jewish quarter of the Holy City, the AY. W. C. A. Training School Shofar, or ram's horn was sounded TRAINING School for Y. W. for the firs~ time in 2,000 years of C. A. secretaries, the first of its kind in India, was opened on N0- Jewish history except for the cere- vember 1st. Eight young Indian women, the same number as started monies of the two most sacred Jew- in the first class of the Association Training School in the United States ish holidays, the Day of Atonement in 1904, a,-e in the first class, studyand the New Year. The Chief rabbi ing administration of Association ac~ tivities, club work with girls arid of Jerusalem ordered the blowing of organization of girl students. There the Shofar, an order which none are forty-sevel1 Y. W. C. A. workers in India at present and one hunother would dare issue. As the news dred and sixty-one centers of work. swept through the city, a steady pro- Madura Church Councll cession of Jews made their way to THE American Madura Mission the IWailing Wall, which was soon has gone beyond many others in crowded with men, women and chil- meeting the desire of Indian Chris- tians to aS3ume responsibility in nadren, giving thanks for the realiza- tive church government. The Ma- dura Church Council was organized tion of the prayer they had so often for this reason three years ago. It is composed of all ordained men, made there. Jewish Era. both Indian and foreign, each having one vote. Thus the native Christian Kurdish Boy in. Training has about six times the missionary representation'. Complete withdrawal A KURDISH father In Persia of missionary leadership is already made a vow to give his son to being discussed, and fifteen to twenty the missionaries when seven years years has been suggested as the prob~ old, to be trained as a Christian able time for such a change. worker. The vow included also an apricot tree, of which the fruit was Missionary Herald. to be eaten by Christians only. The first year that the tree was particularly well loaded with fruit, avarice got the better of the old man and he sold the apricots. The tree very soon died, and the father hastened to bring the boy to the Kermanshah Mission, saying he did not want the boy to die also. The lad is exceedingly promising, and helps with the

Scales Decide against a Heathen Rite CHINA A CHUHRA living in a community A Serious Famine where about forty had become Christians was preparing food for REPORTS are received of another his usual offering to the dead when great famine in China. a neighbor said: The food s1tuation in Hunan, Shantung and South Chihli is ex- "What is the use of that? Do you tremely grave. Last year the harvest really think the dead eat of the food? was very 'scant, and hopes were These Christians have given this up, placed on the crops of this year. and say there is nothing to it. The But a failure of the spring crops, food surely looks the same after we followed by an unsuccessful autumn offer it as before." yield, has brought at least 20,000,000 face to face with actual famine. In The Chuhra replied: "The food many cases whole families have com- may look the same, but some of it mitted suicide, and parents are selling has been taken away." their children, particularly their daughters, for whatever they will To settle the dispute it was agreed bring. In many sections the inhabi- that the man was to weigh the food tants are livings on weeds. Provin- offered to the dead, and after it had cial authorities are doing what they been left for the usual length of time, can to relieve the situation, but are then weigh it again. far from able to cope with it unaided.

A crowd gathered the next morn- The Continent. ing to observe the trial by weighing. The rites were performed with due Preparing the Way for Prohibition care and the crowd looked on with expectation. CHINA may be under a prohibition regime within the next two de- As the food was again put into the cades if the temperance activity of village scales it was found that the Chinese students in America is an weight was exactly the same. omen.

"Now," said the challenger, "I A year ago the Chinese Students' believe the Christian preacher has Prohibition League was formed, with been telling us the truth all these eleven definite objectives. Of these months, and our Christian neighbors seven have been sue c e s s fully are wiser than we." achieved, one will be completed in November, and the ground work is Record of Christian Work. being rapidly completed in China for the other three. A membership cam- Bene-Israel Community paign resulted in enlisting over 1,000 members, or more than half of the A PECULIARLY interesting Chinese students in America. Large section of Israelites bearing the quantities of literature on prohibiname Bene-Israel, and numbering tion were distributed among other ten thousand at the last census oc- students; leaflets have been transcupy a tract of country about lated into the native tongue and distwenty miles long between Pen and tributed in China, while a great deal -Fanvel. For thirty-eight years, of research work has been done and the results given publicity. Rev. J. H. Lord of the Society of Mrs. Sun Vat Sen's Gift St. John the Evangelist has been conducting work among them at THE wife of the first President of Mazagon, Bombay, in a quiet, per- China has turned over to the severing way, by lectures, tracts American Missionary Society money and home visiting. Their language sufficient to support a school in her is Marathi, Hebrew being entirely native village. The Mission has acforgotten, with the exception of the phrase "Hear, 0 Israel." Certain characteristic observances have never been neglected, and tes- ·tify to their genuine Hebrew origin.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

cordingly, been running a successful lowship Club." The former has school there for the past year, with grown until it meets in two sections.

fifty pupils, at no expense to the Forty-five minutes are spent in Bible Mission. As a result of special study or in discussion of some prac- meetings in the school, more than tical problems in the light of the forty young people have confessed' Bible. Refreshments are then served their Christian faith. This example and the rest of the time is spent in has influenced a wealthy man in a social pleasures. Missionaries are neighboring village to offer support welcomed, and are sometimes asked for a similar school under like aus- to serve on committees, but the pices in his own village. leadership is in the hands of the The Christian. Chinese. Only those who are leaders in th~, churches are eligible for mem- Vocational Training at Chengtu bership in the second club–preach- TEN vocational schools are in- ers, church officers, school teachers, cluded in the comprehensive Sunday-school teachers, leaders in plan for the Union Christian Uni- personal work and women evangelversity at Chengtu, West China, ists. An address on some practical under the direction of the Meth- topic is given at each meeting, which odist Church. One entirely new is bi-monthly. field of industry in China is that of Chinese Recorder.

photography, and this will be taught in one of the ten schools. JAPAN-CHOSEN The Chinese are especially fond of Conference of Federated MIssions T photographs, and take particular HE annual session of the Con- ference of Federated Missions delight in having life size portraits of their parents to hang beside the was held at Karuizawa early in Auancestral 'tablets. An American gust. Twenty-five missionary bodies, photographic firm has agreed to represented by nearly seventy dele- furnish the complete equipment gates, make up the Conference. An necessary for such a school, and entire day was devoted to Sunday- the opening of this department is schools; and all controversial sub- only conditional upon securing the jects, such as the California prob- means of providing a professional lem, were avoided.

instructor. It was recommended that the name Training which will develop the of the body be changed to the Fedeconomic and industrial life of eration of Christian Missions in China will offset the tendency to Japan. This was to make it correneutralize the work of Christian spond more nearly to the Japanese teaching which is occasioned by body which is called the Federation heathen trade conditions. The boy who hunts a job with a, Chinese of Christian Churches in Japan. Japan Evangelist.

shopkeeper is expected first of all New Hymn for Japan to worship the idols of the establishment. PROF. H. AUGUSTINE SMITH, Director of the music of the This university is located on a campus of 120 acres, and within the Sunday School Convention in Tokyo, past eleven years some thirty build- prepared a special hymn for Japan entitled "Salute the Banner of the ings have been erected.

Christian Clubs in Hangchow Sun." Its theme is intended to lead the Japanese to see in their own na- HANGCHOW has two distinctly tional flag the ideals of the SOR of Christian clubs. One is "The Man. The hymn is sung to the tune Christian Fellowship Club," and the of IWaltham and is as follows: other 'The Christian Leaders' FeI- Salute the Banner of the Sun-

The Day of Righteousness begun! there was an average attendance of Lord grant_ it be, till time shall cease, 100. Hev. Harry A. Rhodes was 'l'he flag of fellowship and peace I the visiting missionary this year, and writes of the eagerness with All hail the Banner of the Light, which the teaching of the Word The splendor of Eternal Right! was received. Fling out its rays to cheer and bless A realm of Truth and Righteousnes~. On the first day, out of 49 men ])resent 46 said that they pray Salute the Ball11er of the Day daily, 33 have family prayers and When wrong and hatred flee away; six keep a prayer list. On the sec- And Fujiyama, high above, _ond day, out of 56 pl'esent -34 had Calls men to worship and to love. read the whole New Testament, and nine had read it more than five o Banner of the Sun, all hail I times; and on another day out of 62 present ten make it their prac- Shine ou! they light shall never fail! tice to speak of the Gospel to at Shine ori, to serve the Common Good, least one non-Christian every day. And lead the World to Brotherhood. Eighteen knew definitely that they had led one person to Christ. Congregationalist. Shintoism Promoted III Korea , A NEW and insidious repression International Frlend&hlp Promoted – . of the freedom of Korean con- THE Y. w. C. A. in Tokyo has science is seen in an announcement a p poi n ted an "International concerning Japanese action, as pub- Frienuship Secretary" whose busi- lished in the K m'ea Review: ness it is to do the thousand and one things that lead to a friendly "Seoul will soon witness the opening of acquaintance between Americans and a Shinto shrine for the moral-and spiritual Japanese. Letters of introduction well-being of the Koreans, the Governorare given Japanese students or busi- General of Korea having given permission ness men leaving for America, so to the Shinto priests for the propagation that they may have an entrance to of Shintoism in Korea, and several leading America's family life. In the same Shinto priests have decided to open a way American travelers in Japan are shrine here as a preliminary step. For this introduced to Japanese families, and purpose they have leased from the Goverare thus able to bring back to Amer- nor-General the Kwantei shrine at Todaiica memories of some of the best mon and will reconstruct it as -a Shinto things in Japan. Arrangements are shrine. also made for meeting Japanese girt; at the docks in America, and for "The shrine will be dedicated to the caring for their needs during the first Goddess Amaterasu, and God Susano-o-nodays in the new country. mikoto, the Divine Ancestress of the Jap- anese nation and her brother. It is further He Who Comes May Read intended to build an edifice in which the old Korean Emperors, distinguished members A J APANESE has been in the of the royal family, and Koreans who ren- habit of posting on his door dered meritorious service to their country this notice when he leaves home will be enshriued. A lecture hall will also for his work in the morning: "I be built in Ihe Kwantei shrine, at which lec_ am a Christian; and, if anyone tures will be delivered on moral and reli· likes to go in and read my good gious subj eets." Book while I am out, he may." Shinto is the only distinctly na- East and West. tional religion exi3tent. It is linked up with emperor worship, and has its Pyeng Yang Bible Class analogy in the customs of the Roman AT THE general Bible Class for empire. men from the country districts of Korea, held annually at Pyeng-· AFRICIA yang, about 500 men were in at- Child l[ortallty III I~r;ypt tendance and 90 at the Bible Institute. In the church officers' class lilORE than one-third of the chil- '~ <lren of Egypt die before the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

age of five. The percentage of in- town, Ojo, there is a church which is fant mortality for the twenty well filled every Sunday. largest cities of Egypt was twentytwo in 1919, or 16,782 deaths out of Record of Christian Work. 74,880 children born. The only hope for a betterment of this condition is NigerIan Pastorate AssociatIon the education of future parents. The Egyptian Gazette makes the HE economic development of cynical comment that "Since Egypt T the interior of Nigeria has is at present over populated, and a higher standard of living for the caused hundreds of Africans to mass of the people is therefore impossible, it is just as well that no leave their homes in search of more of the children do live, and work. Many have been church atreally, in many cases it is better that tendants in their home towns. To they are dead." ThiTteen government dispensaries for women and minister to the needs of these scatchildren treated nearly 300,000 pa- tered Christians the Nigerian Pastients last year, and most of the nineteen government general hos- torate Association was formed a pitals and the mission hospitals have few years ago, and the natives very wards for children. There are also readily subscribe the support for as Foundling Homes and Orphanages, many workers as the Association all working toward the betterment can supply. While this is not diof discouraging conditions. rect missionary work, it is the im- portant sequel of work done in the Influence or Politics on Brotherhood past.

THE wall of p<l;rtition between Mo- Harvest Festivals in Nigel' Mission hammedans, Copts and Christians has been appreciably lowered in .THE idea of a harvest festival as Egypt by recent political changes. Christians sit with Moslems at public a means of swelling the church gatherings and Copts are manifestly imitating Protestant Christian cus- treasury has taken hold of the Nitoms. A Coptic priest in one place is filled with pride in the evangelical gerian's imagination, and has been books he possesses. In another village, where there. are more than the so successful that last year in one average number of enlightened men, the priest preaches evangelical truth district alone the offerings amountand has started a Bible class for women. ed to nearly 800, while for the four A Missionary Spirit In Nigeria Ibo districts the total sum was nearly £3000. The most com- THE Church Missionary Society has a station at Lokoja, northern mon gifts are farm products, Nigeria which gives two-thirds of its yams, nuts, bananas and fowls. entire church income to send the gospel to heathen tribes people in the On the Sunday appointed for the neighborhood. This year there has been an awakening among the Basas. festival the front part of the church adjacent pagans; idols have been destroyed, and a church building erected~ is covered with heaps of produce, In the Kabba di!;trict also at one each contributor placing his or her collection more or less indiscrimi- nately on the general pile, and, finally,. the fowls are deposited on top of the heap. It is apt to be disconcerting to the missionary when he encounters a fat duck tied to the pulpit steps, or a lusty cock breaks out in full during the ser- mon! .

'I'he gifts are sold on the days following the festival, and the pro- ceeds brought to the central station at the end of the month. All these contributions are placed to the credit of the sustentation funds, which provide for pastoral, evange- listic and educational work. .

The Bible In Mission Schools "Living Epistles" In Solomon Islands A PEOPLE without a written lan- AROUND the carved bowls oj guage have accurate memories, pounded cocoanuts and yams sat and hence it is easy for pupils in a circle of Solomon Island savages, mission schools to learn Bible verses, and remember them. In an arrayed with armlets, anklets and English boarding school in Kaffrania each girl was expected to plumes for their dance. Among them learn a verse to repeat at prayers before breakfast. A visiting mis- were several native Christians, dissionary who was called upon to conduct the Sabbath evening meet- tinguished by their lack of ornament ing was anxious to know whether the verses heard each morning were and their shining faces. Suddenly, permanently kept in mind, or were learned for the occasion and for- their bush chief, for whom they had gotten. All the girls of the school were asked to stand and repeat a been praying many years, stepped verse. When a girl could not think of another verse that had not been into the circle and said: repeated she must be seated. At the end of more than two hours "I want you all to pray otrong for three girls were still standing, and gave no evidence of having reached me. I want to bring my people to the limit of their Biblical knowledge. As it was long past their your church to learn of your Master. bedtime, the contest had to close at that point. I see the faces of all of you shin- ing as if your hearts were happy.

"My people are not like that.

'rhey look heavy and their eyes are dull. They look as if they never swim (wash). They look no good.

BefOre, you all live like us and pray to our Adaros (devils). But I see you find a better way. Your way is the way of the shining face! I want to come and learn of your new Master. You all pray strong for me." Life of Faith.

ISLANDS OF THE SEA Combining EvangeliSlIl and Industry Plan to Unite Protestant Schools D EV. C. W. Abel, successor to DRESIDENT D. S. Hibbard of James Chalmers in New rlSiIliman Institute, P. 1., writes that there is a plan to unite all Guinea, is working effectively to Protestant educational work in the promote the industrial interests of archipelago, and place it under a his people, although "the one thing Board of Trustees who will standard- needful" is none the less emize the system. The educational phasized. work carried on by the government, excellent as it is, has one weak point. On the island of Kwato, close On account of Roman Catholic influ- to the mainland, he has built the ence they are unable to go deeply mission house, school, saw mill, into moral and ethical questions. It carpenter shop and boat yard. is to avoid the duplication of effort Bungalows, saw-houses, boats, and waste of money in overlapping have all been built by Papuan territory that it is planned to organize boys but one remove from the what will be called' "The Evangelical grossest savagery. Papuan girls Board of Education of the Philippine have had their training in house- Islands," this Board to be composed work, needle-work, cookery, and of men from all the evangelical mat-making. Kwato boys, workchurches and in its hands to be ing under the tuition of a profesplaced the absolute control of the sional printer from Sydney, have evangelical education of the Philip- set up and printed the gospels pines. and several of the epistles in their native language. A group of English friends have put up ten thousand pounds without interest

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

to finance the Kwato Development tians, and 14,050,175 members of other Company,' which is operating co- faiths. coanut plantations to the profit of the industrial and evangelistic In Asia, 28,700,000 Christi'ans, and 863,- work of the mission. 500,000 of other faiths.

Record of Christian Work. In Africa there are 9,050,000 Christians and 149,871,000 of other faiths. New Responsibilities in the Pa.cific _ THE Japanese, Chinese and In- In North America there are 102,700,000 dians have all acquired a hold Christians, and 10,235,000 of other faiths. in the Pacific that will affect not only the commercial development In South America, 36,600,000 Christians of the Islands, but also the hu- and 1,400,000 of other faiths. man problem. The war has given a new turn to the situation, and In Oceania, 12,700,000 Christians and 42,- the days of readjustment are full 925,000 of other faiths. of missionary opportunity. Samoa comes by mandate under the con- The total population of Europe is 350,- trol of New Zealand, while Australia faces responsibilities for 872,561, and that of Asia, 872,522,000. what was German New Guinea before the war. There are still OBITUARY NOTES hundreds of thousands of aboriginal people in the Pacific who Franklin E. Hoskins of Syria are unevangelized. The island of New Britain is neaTly four hun- ON November 12th the Rev. dred miles long, yet less than Franklin E. Hoskins of the Presthirty miles of its length has been byterian Mission, died in Beirut, touched by missionary effort. New Syria, after a brief illness. Dr. Hannover has a population esti- Hoskins was born at Rochdale, Pa., mated at from 10,000 to 20,000, sixty-two years ago, and accomand so far they have only a na- plished a really great literary and tive teacher or two. It is said that more than 100,000 in St. Mat- educational work. Only recently he thias, Lihir, Tabar, Anvi and completed a six years' task of 'p?tothers have not yet heard of the ting through the press a new edl~lOn Gospel. There is no hostility on of the great Arabic Reference BIble. their part. Never have been peo- He' was the author of several books ple more ready to welcome the on the Near East, including "The missionary, and in some cases Jordan Valley and Pet,ra" a~d "From have built houses in readiness for the Nile to Nebo," a dISCUSSIOn of the teachers, who have not come. route of the. Children of Israel from Egypt to the Holy Land. He was MISCELLANEOUS also a teacher in the Theological Seminary in Beirut. 'J'he Religions of the W<>rld During the war, Dr. Hoskins THE Freedom of India gives the worked among the Allied prisoners following statistics of the relig- of war. This resulted in breaking ions of the world: down his health, and he returned to America but last year again took up Christians, 564,510,000, his work in Beirut. Con fucianists and Taoists, 300,825,000. Mohammedans. 221,825,000. Dr. Therrien of Canada Hindus, 210.540,000, Animists, 158.270,000. ONE, of the outstanding represen- Buddhists, 138,031,000. tatives of French Protestantism Shintoists. 25,000,000. in America, Rev. Alphonse de Li- Jews. 12,205,000. gouri 'Therrien, D. D. recently passed In Europe there are 374,760,000 Chris- away in Montreal. Dr. Therrien was born of French-Canadian Catho- lic parents, but in very early life de- cided to devote his life to the .Protes- tant Christian ministry. For more than fifty years he was intimately associated with French evangelization in the Provinces of Quebec and On- tario.

MKSSJ[ONARY

A Moslem Seeker After God: Showing A book so mystical and philo- Islam at Its Best in the Life and Teaching of AI-Ghazali, Mystic and sophical in character cannot be re- Theologian of the Eleventh Cen- tury. Samuel M. Zwemer. IlJus. viewed in anything less than a long 302 pp. New York: Fleming H. Revell Co. $2.25 net. 1920. article and we will not attempt to do Dr. Rendall Harris, the great more than give a hint to its contents. Friend scholar of England who has written upon cognate subjects, re- As a prelude to his discussion of the gards A,I-Ghazali as a rare combina- creed of AI-Ghazali and its credition of scholar and saint, of the bility, and his writings, ethics and orthodox Moslem and the aberrant mysticism, Dr. Zwemer devotes four Sufi. He savs that in Sufism. that is. chapters to general conditions in the in Pantheism. AI-Ghazali found the Moslem world of the eleventh cenway, of lift;, yet he remained an tury and to Al-Ghazali's birth and orthodox Moslem, that is, a tran- education, his teaching, his converscendentalist, and that he found the sion to Sufism, his subsequent way to God Himself when he left wanderings, and his later years and his lecture room and went into the death. Extracts from his "Confeswilderness,-into the Sufi inner sanc- sions" are in certain points like those tuary. The substance of the volume of Augustine, and are helpful to any is summed up in these words of Dr. earnest,bewildered soul seeking for Harris: "The book tells us some- God. The last chapter is entitled thing about this side of his experi- "Jesus Christ in AI-Ghazali." Here ence in the Quest of Life, and when a large number of sayings and rethe story is finished we are reminded puted acts of His are collected tonot to seek the Living among the gether, many of them closely redead, but to believe that the same sembling Christian traditions and Lord is rich unto all that call upon others being wholly apocryphal. Him in truth." When one remembers that in AI- Ghazali's sojourn in Damascus, he After a lifelong study of Moham- spent much of his time in a mosque medanism and of missionary work formerly a Christian church, adorned among Moslems, Dr. Zwemer asserts with the Greek inscription, "Thy that in a very real sense AI-Ghazali kingdom, 0 Christ, is an everlasting may be used as a schoolmaster to kingdom, and Thy dominion endureth lead Mohammedans to Christ. His throughout all generations," and that books are full of references to the he meditated much in the "Jesus teachings of Christ; he was a true minaret" of that church-mosque, his seeker after Christ. "No one can large use of Jesus traditions is not read the story of AI-Ghazali's life, surprising. It is by the introduction so near and yet so far from the of such material that Dr. Zwemer, Kingdom of God, so eager to enter himself mystically inclined, has made and yet always groping for the door- ,this volume, that might easily have way, wjthout fervently wishing that become as dryas dust, to live and AI-Ghazali could have met a true breathe the breath of heaven. Such ambassador of Christ. Then surely groping after God in the fullest this great champion of the Moslem Christian sense is most pathetic. But faith would have become an apostle are there not scores of unknown and of Christianity in his own day and obscure men of the Al-Ghazali type, generation." awaiting the devoted, loving Christian missionary ?

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The Witness Committee is dedicated to the great task of making Christianity dominant in our national life. Our national founda- tions were laid by men of faith in Jesus Christ. His gentleness has made us great. America should be the first nation to submit to the gracious rule of Christ the King.

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3. That the known bondholders? mortgagees, and other security holders owning or holding 1 per cent or more of total amount of bonds, mortgages and other securities are: None.

for 1920 4. That the two paragraphs next above, giving the handsomely and substantially bound in red ili:;Y names of the owners, stockho1ders, and security holders, cloth with gold lettering $4.00 a volume. ~~c~%y chcl~~~s ~~t a:~~a~is~p~! :~~ct~6~:r~f ath~ If you return your single copies for the year, the bound volume will be sent for $2.75. company, but also in cases where the stockholder or security holder appears upon the· books of the: com- Order now-have this veritable cyclopedia pany as trustee or in any other fiduciary relation, the of missionary knowledge in a convenient and name of the person or corporation fot" whom such trustee durable form-ready for instant reference. is acting, is given also that the said two paragraphs con~ tain statements embracing affiant's ,full knowledge and Missionary Review Pub. Co. belief as to the circumstances and conditions under ;;~~h~~~~ckfh~db~~kasn~t~h~~~;;~~~rsa:'~u!~e~,oth~rd stock and securities in a capacity other than that of a bona fide owner and this affiant has no reason to believe that any other person, association, or corporation has any interest direct or indirect in the said stock, bonds, or other secui-ities than as so stated by him.

(Signed) R. H. Howland.

156 Fifth Ave., Sworn to and sub:icribed before me thiI lat day of October.. 1920.

New York. Benedicta McCann, . Notary Public No. 14 New York County.

t~J. ~Y:mJf:.°fD ~:!f:er¥.a~:";~o~9~~.

PI…. 1Il000ti-.. TalC I4I…e"uy RIIvxlw •• , •• WGU.II In wriliD& te ……tia…

BOOKS

A History of the Japanese People. By Make Your Xmas Gifts Count Capt. F. Brinkley, R. A. 8vo. 780 pp. $4.50. The Encyclopaedia Bri- Write for our Christmas catalogue (free) which tannica Co, N ew York. 1920. io packed full of helpful Gift auggeotlon. • THE Character Building in Kashmir. By C. E. Tyndale-Biscoe. 12 mo. 95 pp. <!ClJrlS)tian 3 shillings. Church Missionary So- <!Caltnbar . ciety, London. FOR 1921 Village Education in lndia. Report of Features Commission of Inquiry. 12 mo. 200 pp. Oxford University Press, New Sunday School York. 1920. Leason. and Triumphs of the Gospel in the Belgian Daily Readinl'8 Congo. By Rev. Robert Dabney Car~TC::,~••n Bedinger. 12mo. 218 pp. $.50 paper. Presbyterian Committee of Publica- EACH DAY tion, Richmond, Va. 1920. TWELVE Finding A Way Out (An Autobiogra- BEAUTIFUL phy). By Robert Russa Motow. Bvo ENGRAVINGS 290 pp. Doubleday Page & Co., New York. 1920. Frontispiece A. W. SOORD'S American Bible Society, -One Hundred and Third Annual Report 1919. 8vo. Maaterpiece 540 pp. American Bible Society. ~T~: ~~:$~h:;f~; Evangelische Missionskunde. By D. Julius Richter. 8vo. 450 pp. Leip- work p08aible zig. 1920. 25 ee.nt.. Medical Missions. By Walter R. Lam- 5 for $1.00 bu.th. 12mo. 218 pp. $1.00. Student 25 for 4.75 Volu.nteer Movement. New York 50 for 9.00 City. 1920. 100 for 17.00 The Real Christ. By R. A. Torrey, BEST for BEAUTY and HELPFULNESS. IDEAL fo D. D. 12mo. 190 pp. $1.75 George H. Doran Co., New York. 1920. thi:-' CHRISTMAS GIFT. AGENTS WANTED. Send Z5c I.

~::5: sti!;:lf;!:-i;«al~':: ::r~:t:. to Sell it-A Child Evangelical Publishers mR~Nlio~c~~ADA CHRISTMAS EXTRAORDINARY Approaches Towards Church Unity. By Get EARTH'S GOLDEN DAY- Newman Smyth and Williston Wal- (The birthday of the Prince of Pea.ce) ker. 8vo. 170 pp. $1.25. Yale Uni- for your Sunday School or Young versity Press, New York. 1920. People'. Christmas Service and you will have a .trong, Im~resslve program Four Hitherto Unpublished Gospels. with Ii mean~. Words by Rev. By Rev. William E. Barton, D. D. George O. Webster; music by J. H. 12mo. 150 Pp. George H. Doran Co., Fillmore. Sample sent for .. 2·cent New York. 1920. stamps. It will be worth the price if you use but one song or e~ercise trom It.

The Truth About Christian Science. By Give us your address (or others James H. Snowden, D. D. 8vo. 310 Interested) and we will mall free a now pp. $2.40. Westminster Press, New catalog ot Chri!tmas services, cantatM, York. 1920. recitations and d1aJogs, 80108, duets, trios, quartets tor women's volcea, also Report of a Conference On The Leper- men's voices. and anthems for mixed Problem in India. 8vo. 158 pp. voices. Orissa Mission Press. 1920. HYMNS FOR TODAY, .. ne… 1020 The Powers of Darkness, or Some Ob- hymnal for Sunday Bchool and church. servations in Demonology. By A. contalru 20 Christmas hymllJl and two ChrIBtmas service programs. Sample· COpy sent tor examination. Orcheo- trated.

Mildred Cable. 12mo. 20 pp. (pa- II Interested In Sunday School orchesper). Morgan & Scott, London. China tra music. you ahoUld know ….he.t we Inland Mission, Philadelphia, To- havo lor you. Write.

ronto, Melbourne and Shanghai.

1920. FILLMORE MUSIC HOUSE A Vision of No Man's Land. By Sen- 527 Elm St. Cincinnati, O. ior Subaltern. 12mo. 42 pp. Paper.

One shilling. Morgan & Scott, China Inland Mission, London. 1920.

Please mention THE MIBBIONABY REVIEW OP THD WORLD In wrttluC to advertisers II The Sons of Pastor H. S. I. Translated from Chinese by Francesca French. A Vital Message 12mo. 43 pp. paper. Morgan & which drives home Scott, London. 1920.

If you want to reach the people Home Mission Trails. By Jay S. with a message which grips their StowelL 12mo. 208 pp. $1.25. The hearts. which deals with the great- Abingdon Press, New York. 1920. est of all subjects-the Christian- ization of the world. which trans- Rural Evangelism. By James E. wagf forms a local provincial church nero 12mo. 176 pp. $1.00. The into one of world-wide propor- Abindgon Press, New York. 1920. tions. you should get. the six-reel Christianity the Final Religion. By Missionary Photoplay Samuel M. Zwemer. 12mo. 109 pp. Eerdmans-Sevensma, Grand Rapids, "Problems of Pin-Hole Paris~" Mich. 1920.

for display in your community. Methods of Church School Administra- A remarkable life story strikingly tion. By Howard J. Gee. 16mo. portrayed on the motion picture $1.00. Fleming H. Revell New York screen. especially adapted for and Chicago. 1920. ' church use. Write today' for booking and particulars. The The Sunday School Between Sundays. World Missionary Drama League, !3y E. C. Knapp. 12mo. $1.25. Flem- 1813 Stevens Bldg.. 17 N. State mg H. Revell, New York and Chi- Street. Chicago, lll. cago. 1920.

Old Bibles Map of Europe-4 ft. 4 in. x 3 ft. 6 in. Re .. Bound In Colors. Bond paper, $2.75; Map C!0th, $4.50; 90th Mou.nting, $5.50 Haven't you often wanted that old With complete mdex 48 pp. The Lit- Bible re-bound-that old Bible with all erary Digest, Funk and Wagnalls Co. 1920. its associations and sentiment? You Over 1200 cities, towns and rivers have wondered where you could have the work done and perhaps you have are indicated on this map and are thought the price would be prohibitive. indexed in the accompanying folder.

The old and new boundaries of the countries of Europe are clearly shown, and in the inset of Africa there are indicated the disposition of the former German colonies. The map is a beautiful and clear piece of lithography, prepared with the assist- ance of the American Govt:rnment and the American Geographical So- ciety. It is a valuable map for office, school or home. .

The rebinding of Bibles requires the work- Map of the Near East, compiled by S.. manship and services of men who have made W. Boggs. Scale 1; 5,000,000. 27 a specialty of this kind of work. You can in. by 39 in. Price $1.00. Colorsf have your Bible expertly rebound iii leather 25 Madison Ave., New York City~ or cloth. 1920.

Send me your Bible by parcel post insured This map is clear and full of – I will send you an estimate of the cost accurate and up-to-date information in regard to the new boundaries and 8ubject to your approval before the worle i. the location of Protestant mission stations. There is an inset of Syria done. and Palestine and another giving full details of the various missionary R. H. HOWLAND societies in each station. The labor 156 Fifth Ave., New York that cost thousands of dollars to gather is here available for $1.00.

Please mention THIC MIS51QNAllY ~vn,w 0" 'l'HJC WO.LD in writing to advertisers

HARRY EMERSON FOSDICK'S NEWHEveryday Life" book THE announcement "The Meaning of SERVICE" of a new Fosdick book is an event of Will be Ready DECEMBER 3rd particular moment to the Christian world. Hundreds of thousands have been helped and inspired by his messages on Prayer and FOSDICK'S trilogy on the Faith. They. will find this book timely, meaning of Christianityvirile, impressive-and equally appealing in its human interest and spirit of Christian "The Meaning of Prayer" leadership. $1.15 The NEED for "The Meaning of Service" "The Meaning of Faith" Each generation sees some new aspect of Christianity lifted to the front. Today the terrific problems handed $1.35 to us through the World War are calling for a type of and NOW Christianity which shall express itself in serviceable action. "The MeaningofService"

$1.25 The DOMINANT PURPOSE back of this book Dr. Grenfell has said-"ReIigion is action, not diction." A WORTH. WHILE This has been Dr. Fosdick's keynote in writing this book. CHRISTMAS GIFT The CHALLENGE For the sake of the integrity of Christian character, the A SPECIALLY BOUND progress of the Christian Church, and of the World, Dr. Fosdick says—"We need a new hatred of uselessness in SET of Harry Emerson institutions and persons, and a new baptism of sacrificial Fosdick's three "Meanand effective service. . . . Unless Christianity can face ings"- the tremendous tasks that this new generation presents with an outpouring of self-sacrificing services and good "The Meaning of Prayer" will proportionate to the need, we shali register a lament- "The Meaning of Faith" able failure instead of the snccess which we might "The Meaning of Service" achieve." The three books, uniformly bound Handy, pocket edition volume, printed in cloth, with morocco ridge, gold on THIN paper, bound in art leather stamped, gilt top, with silk marker, cloth, round cornered. PRICE, $1.25. encased in an attractive carton.

$5.00, postage paid ============================================================ Caooa~j PURPOSE 'V At .your bookstore ASSOCIATION PRESS or from us 347 Madison Ave., New York Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers

• SEND A BOOK PERSONALS to YOUR FRIEND on the MISSION FIELD DR. CHARr.JtS R. WATSON, President of Cairo University, plans to return to Egypt THE CHRISTMAS SHRINE or The Makers of Peace in January to take up his permanent resi- dence there. by Winifred Kirkland *** The Peace of Bethlehem on Christmas night, the deep love of the Holy family, DR. G. SH!tRWOOD EDDY, after conduct- these are to be kept alive in our homes ing evangelistic campaigns in Czecho- throughout the year. A book exquisitely Slovakia, Austria and Germany, and bound, which by the beauty of its pages during September and October in EgYP( carries the Christmas message of peace visited the American colleges in Turke;., and love to your friends. Price, boards at Beirut, Smyrna and Constantinople. 85 cents. * >I< >I< DREAMS AND VOICES REV. ERNEST W. RIGGS, President of Compiled by Grace Hyde Trine Euphrates College, Harpoot, has gone to Constantinople to direct the educational A collection of modern Mother and Child work in aU the Near East Relief Or- verie which gives us hope for the endur- phanages in Asia Minor, Syria and the ing beauty and strong comradeship of Caucasus. family life. Some of the contributors are-Robert W. Service, Josephine Pres- * * >I< ton Peabody, Henry Van Dyke, Angela Morgan, Percy Mackaye. The book it- BISHOP AND MRS. FRJW B. FISHJtR of self has a lovely soft blue cover which the Methodist Episcopal Church, after makes you impatient to read it. Price, visiting England to discuss plans with the $2.00 boxed. British missionary societies, will take up tlreir residence in Calcutta, India, the dis- A WOMAN'S POINT OF trict to which Bishop Fisher has been VIEW: Some Roads to Peace assigned.

by Harrlot Stanton Blatch * * >I< A record of facts with constructive con- HaN. JOHN WANAMAKJtR was elected clusions and a strong program for prog- President of the World's Sunday School ress by one of America's foremost think- School Association at the Tokyo Con- ing women. The New York Tribune venti on. has said of it, "'A Woman's Point of View' is informed with so strong a con- '" '" '" viciton and so keen an intelligence that it is likely to make its way even against DR. HJtNRY FOWI,JtR of Siao-Kan, China, the common weariness." Price, $1.25. has accepted the Secretaryship of the Mission to Lepers for Eastern Asia. CHRIST IN THE POETRY OF TODAY * '" * Compiled by Martha Foote Crow RltV. JACOB HJtINRICHS, D. D., a mis- sionary of the Baptist Society in South The title is in itself explanatory ;-an India, has been designated as special rep- anthology of unusual charm and beauty. resentative to visit the Baptists of Alsace- Bound in red cloth with gold lettering. Lorraine and Germany. A gift book for anyone who appreciates beautiful poetry. Price, $2.00 boxed. * '" * BOOKSHOPS EVERYWHERE DR. Ar.BERTUS PIETERS of the Reformed or Church Mission in Japan, expects to re- turn to his field at the end of December. THE WOMANS PRESS '" '" '" 600 Lexinllton Ave., New York City MRS. JAMES SIIlREE, for over forty-five years a missionary of the Church of Scot- land in Madagascar, died July 21st.

* '" * Rllv. GILBERT DARr.INGTON, D. D., who served as overseas chaplain during tt war, has been appointed Treasurer the American Bible Society, to fill the vacancy made by the death of Mr. Wil- liam Foulke.

*** REv. FRED L. BROWNLEE of Cleveland, Ohio, has been appointed Secretary of Missions under the American Missionary Association. * * >I< Dr. Robert E. Speer has been elected to the Presidency of the Federal Coun- cil of the Churches of Christ in America, to succeed Dr. Frank Mason North.

Please lIIentlon THB MIBBIONAlIY RmVIBW OJ' '1'BlI WORLD In wrltlnc to advertl.er~

If You Want a Thing Well Done Do It Yourself Would you let strangers run your business? Would you let strangers invest your money? Would you let strangers control your home?

NO Why let strangers administer your estate? Why let strangers provide for your family? Why let strangers pay your benevolences?

Buy Life Annuity Bonds They make you your own executor. They guarantee a regular income to~your family. They insure your money being devoted to missions.

Full particulars will be sent you immediately if you address: George M. Fowles, Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City, or W. J. Elliott, Treasurer of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

..

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The Nam.e of a Friend You have many of them. You could, without difficulty, write down the names of TIfty friends. Certainly, you could draw up a list of ten friends who are church members, who want to see Christ's Kingdom promoted here, friends who are interested in missions-or who can become interested in mISSIOns. It would not take you five minutes to draw up such a list.

YOU CAN SERVE YOU CAN HELP YOU CAN DO YOUR PART BY SENDING US SUCH A LIST Every subscriber we secure for the MISSIONARY REVIEW means a friend more deeply interested in missions.

Every friend more deeply interested in missions means a new worker for missions.

Every new worker at home means stronger backing for the missionaries in the field.

Every bit of added backing for the missionaries means more men and women converted to Christ.

And you can start this ball-a-rolling by sending us a list of your friends.

That is all you need do We will do the rest We will send your friends a letter introducing the REVIEW.

We will present to them the world-wide opportunities for missionary success today.

We will awaken them· to their responsibility-to their opportunity. .

MAY WE COUNT ON YOU? Send us your list today! 'Now!

MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 156 Fifth"-<ve., New York Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW Oli' THE WORLD in writing to advertisers

Could You Read Just I~!:ti~ Out With Your Hands? THE MALDEN SURVEY Thousands of blind must! A Report on the Church Pla.n:ts of a typical dty. showing the $10 will pay for a Tes- use of the Interchurch World Movement Score Card and tament and $2 for a Standards for Rating City Church Plants. Gospel in blind type. Souvenir verse free. Compiled under the direction of Professor Help us also give the Bible to immigrants, Walter S. Athearn seamen 'and the poor. Author of A NATIONAL SYSTEM OF EDUCATION, Director School of Religious Education and Social Service. Boston Write us about Annuity Universlty. Bonds This great source book 01 inlormation lor City Church Workers marks the beginning of a new epocb in the organization, administra.- tion and cooperation of religious bodies in urban communities. Ex~ haustlve data.. Compiled with Bclentlfic accuracy and thorough- ness. Square 12mo. Net. $2.50 PICTURES IN RELICIOUS EDUCATION Frederica Beard Autbor of PRAYERS FOR USE IN HOME, SCHOOL AND SUNDAY SCHOOL.

A book that fully meets the needs or Btble teachers 10r a. complete ~~~;:ll~~ ~~d~~ri~tpft:;:~~riJbo~~~~aw~:~~~ianThstg~t~U~ 12mo. Illustrat.ed. Net, $1.75 THE ENCHANTED CARDEN Every kind of Bible for sale: Scofield, Alexander R. Gorden, D. Lilt., D. D. Oxford, Bagster, Cambridge, Holman, Nelson, at Special Discounts. Author of The POETS of the OLD TESTAMENT. A series of story sermons 10r cbtJdren covering the leading events in Universal Bible Sunday, Dec. 5th. ~~e~~ft~for~~~~is ~rt~~t~~is~ noted tor the&~~~ a~~t~rtf:1to CREATEST THOUCHTS No change in date. Free literature ABO·UT COD J. Gilchrist Lawson NEW YORK BIBLE SOCIETY Author of GREATEST THOUGHTS ABOUT JESUS CHR1ST This third volume in the "Greatest Thoughts Series" offers the min_ 676 Madison Ave. (tilth year) New York Ister. teacher and Bible stUdent an exhaust·lve colleotlon of de1lnl- tlOIl8 and characterizatIons of Deity from every known source. FuUy classified and indexed for ready reference. 12mo. Net. $1.15 CONTENDINC FOR THE FAITH Rev. Leander S. Keyser, D. D. A notable restatement of the elllCDtiais of the ChrIRtJan [aitb by an able, conSfJrvative scholar. A book that calls with a voice of au- thority and oonvlctlon to a renewal-ot faith. 8vo. Net. $3.00 TRAININC THE $100.00 DEVOTIONAL LIFE for Your Church Luther Allan Weigle Today's Housewife has helped churches all over the country and Henry Hallam Tweedy to raise funds in a refined, dig- A model little te:o!:t book on the art of traln1.Dg chIldren in nrayeI;. nified manner. Far superior pratse and worshlp. Net, 75c. to the usual, threadbare, tiring NEW FURROWS IN OLD FIELDS supper, sociable or bazaar. Not a cent of expense or risk. William C. Covert, D. D: Write today for details, Church A book which prescribes anplied Christianity as the one remedy tOl" Aid Department, all our present-day social and ~dustrlalllIs. Net, $1.50 Today's Housewife, A NATIONAL SYSTEM OF EDUCATION Prof.WalterS.Athearn Practical plans tor a nation-wide advance in religious educaUon. . Net. 11.50 A BETTER WORLD Tyler Dennett Author of "THE DEMOCRATIC MOVEMENT IN ASIA." A review of the world's rel1J:lous resources and their appllcatlon to Lbe rcalhiation of democrat1. Ideals. Net. $1.50 APT ILLUSTRATIONS FOR PUBLIC ADDRESSES A. Bernard Webber A hotable eollection of fresh. orIginal incidents covering a wide range OJ subjects Net. $1.50 THE USE OF THE STORY IN RELICIOUS 'EDUCATION 100 Main St.

Cooperstown, New York GEORGE H. DORAN COMPANY 244 Madison Avenue, New York Pu bllsher. In America for Hodder & Stou~hton rlells~ lpentlon TIfI' MJpSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD In writing to advertisers

"My Hair Turned White I•n a Single Night"

He was one of our Baptist Polish missionaries It was in Russian Poland, in 1914- The Czar had determined to exile 3,000,000 German-speaking Poles to Siberia (a strategic mistake, for they were anti-German politically). In the early evening the officer knocked at his door and gave him his orders: they must leave at daybreak. In the morning his hair was white.

Another of our noble Baptists, a deacon and a lay preacher, the director of a big linen mill in Riga, a bank auditor and a man of affairs and position in society, had less than six hours to prepare for Siberia.

When these and other Baptists came back from Siberia, what did they find? Homes devastated, churches wrecked, farms ravaged by war, implements gone, money depr~ciated. This is one of the reasons why our Baptist brethren in Europe need our help now.

Relief for Poland includes help to 225 widows, 400 unemployed families, 300 orphans, 3 ministers, widows and children, 3 aged pastors, 15 aged couples, 19 pastors, students in four universities, loans to 35 Polish Baptist farmers for rehabilitation.

Baptists of the North: We are called upon to raise $500,000 for these needs, and those of France, Czecho-Slovakia and other European countries. One-third of it is needed immediately. .This fund will count on the One Hundred Million Fund. Let no Baptist church fail to do its share.

We have been carrying on missionary work in Europe through our Foreign Missionary Society for decades. N ow is the time for us to "strengthen the things that remain," to hearten the workers and to make sure our future welcome because we fail them not in the hour of their distress.

THE GENERAL BOARD OF PROMOTION OF _276 Fifth Avenue THE NORTHERN BAPTIST CONVENTION New York City Please mention THE MISSIONAlIl" REVlBW 0' THE WORLD In wrltlnc to advertlsers

-CHRISTIAN

PUBLICATION SOCIETY, Inc.

Interdenomlnational-Non-Sectarian.

OFFICERS RT. REV. CHARLES S. BURCH, D. D., LL.D., President, New York City. REV. KENNETH MACKENZIE, Secretary, Westport, Conn. WILLIAM W. McALPIN, Treasurer, 83 Bible House, New York City.

Bishop Burch in writing to Churchmen about the work of of the Society says: "In the Hebrew-Christian Publication Society we have an agency which must inspire confidence and hope. This organization, now in its seventh year, seeks to reach the Jewisb people through the printed page. The Hebrew race is conspicuous for its love of reading; and the leaflet kindly tendered is sure of a tolerant reception. While the spoken word may arouse antagonism, often because of the spirit in which it may be offered, the printed word begs for silent thought, reason and acceptance.

"In the person of Mr. B. A. M. Schapiro, the Managing Director, the Society possesses a nian of rare qualities. A Jew by birth, a Christian and a Churchman by Confession, he brings to his task a knowledge of Hebrew, Yiddish, and of the Talmud and Jewish Traditions which affords him a wide field of thought. His grasp of the essential doctrines of the Christian faith is comprehensive and convincing. His spiritual insight is keen and his devotion to our Lord Jesus (tried in the fires) is indicative of his call to His Service. He loves his people and he writes for them with apostolic zeal. Eminent scholars have strongly endorsed his works and not a few have personally commended his methods, during the past quarter of a century.

"The great question is an adequate supply of this valuable literature for the increasing demands made upon the Society by Missionary Boards and individual workers. If the opportunity is embraced and at once, incalculable good must ensue. And I hope that this personal plea for a generous support of this laudable underlaking may find a cordial response on all sides by those to whom God has entrusted His stewardship."

The Hebrew-Christian Publication Society, in order to give an intelligent idea what its aim is, will send to the readers of The Missionary Review, a set of the following pamphlets, FREE, as long as they last: 1. The Aim of the Society. 2. Saul, the Pharisee, and Paul, the Christian or The Law and the Gospel. 3, Jesus and His Kinsmen. 4. Sacrifices, their Origin and Significance.

Also a copy of their magazine The People, the Land and the Book,. organ of the Society; These tracts are not only convincing to the Jew but strengthen and illuminate the Christian.

WRITE TO-DAY IN ORDER TO SECURE THESE VALUABLE PUBLICATIONS FREE Address Hebrew-Christian Publication Society· Dept.P., 83 Bible House, New York, N. Y.

l'leue menlloa TBE MrmONARY lUVIBW OF TBIi WolW> in writing to advertisers

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Luxuries from the

l ' rJftAMED in song and story are the fauitless complexions of Oriental women. Much envy, indeed, their irrestible charm has aroused in the hearts of trayelers in Eastern lands. From the jDagic Orient we have taken the formulae and receipts which have resulted in the Vantine Beauty Helps. These are Toilet Luxuries that really enhance and preserve those gifts which Nature has bestowed! Different in character. uniformly beneficial in·~ifect. Vantine products have won the esteem of the discriminating American woman.

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3. The interest is paid twice a year, 8. Annuity bonds give the holder a and without trouble on the part of the sense of personal security, and the satisfacholder. tion of having his money invested in a successful Christian institution_ 4. Unlike the various forms of Life Insurance, no medical examination is re- 9. Property invested in Annuity Bonds quired. is safe from speculation; as the bonds are non-redeemable and non-transferable. 5. Unlike stocks, real estate, mortgages, and otherfonns of investment, these Bonds do not depreciate in value.

"Bibles and Bonds" is an interesting Booklet, fully illustrated an~ tells you all about Annuity Bonds, ask for Booklet N.

AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY BIBLE HOUSE Astor Place New York Please mention T~ut MISSIONAltY RSVIJi~W OJ! 'tHJt WORI.D in writing to advertisers THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELA VAN L PIERSON, Ed".,.

CONTENTS FOR NOVEMBER, 1920 COVER ILLUSTRATION-RELICS OF ANCIENT INCA CIVILIZATIClN – Page FRONTISPIECE-INDIANs IN THE PUBLIC MARKET OF CUZCO, PERU EDITORIAL COMMENT ……………………………………… :……. 951 NEW CAIRO UNIVERSITY OPENED THE SITUA'rrON IN NORTH PERSIA LIFE AND DEATH IN RUSSIA TEE NEGLECTED NAVAJO INDIANS CHRISTIANITy-ORIENTAL AND OCCI- SHALL WE DRIFT OR STEER? DENTAL THE UNITED STATES IN HAITI HIGHLAND INDIANS OF THE ANDEAN REPUBLICS GEORGE M. McBRIDE 961 A highly informing article, illustrated with photographs, describing the character and conditions of the aborigines of South America.

MY BROTHER ON THE FRONTIER ………………………. CoE HAYNE 974 A' stirring story of the work of Dan Schultz in the western pioneer towns of America. A most interesting "sky pilot" story.

WORK AMONG THE WOODSMEN ………………… JEFFERSON C. SMITH 978 A descriptiO'» of work for lumbermen of Maine by the Young Mien's Christian Assorial'ion. A glimpse is given also of the work of the famous preacher to the lumberjacks, the late Frank Higgins.

INTERPRETING THE GOSPEL TO NEW AMERICANS CHARI.ES A. BROOKS 984 A study of the needs of the immigrants, and the methods by which the Gospel of Christ may be presented to them most successfully.

THE FOREIGNER'S APPEAL-Poem . ………………………. T. A. DALY 987 URGENT NEEDS OF AMERICAN INDIANS ………… G. E. E. LINDQUIST 988 A report of the recent conference of workers among the American Indians, and the program outlined for supplying their needs.

THE WORK OF THE ROE INDIAN INSTITUTE ………….. LEE MCCRAE 995 An illustrated account of the work of the Institute, founded in memory of Dr. Walter Roe, and presided OVer by Rev. Henry Roe Cloud, the Winne- bago Indian.

AMONG THE KURDS OF KERMANSHAH ………. BVNCHE WILSON STEAD 997 An account of the efforts to establish Christian work among the unruly tribes of Kurds in Persia.

BEST METHODS ………………………… .. Edited by MRS. E. C. CRONK 1001 ValU<tble suggestions as to how to use missionary magazines, and the benefits of introducing them to olhers.

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A Moslem Seeker After God By Samuel M. Zwemer, F. R. G. S.

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Chinese Heart Throbs By Jennie V. Hughes With Introduction by Mary Stone, M. D.

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– At all Booksellers Fleming H. Revell Company, Publishers 158 Fifth Avenue, New York City Please mention THt M1SSIONARY RI:vn:w Ot:' 'tHE WORLD in writing to advertisers Pocket Testament JUST A REMINDER League Supplies ABOUT CHRISTMAS While any k.ind of Bible or T esta- ment may be carried by League Again the Christmas season draws Members these special editions are near; again the task of Christmas recommended. Contain soul-win- gift planning is here. What shall it ning helps, 15 colored views ~ be this year for father, mother, sis- Palestine, 2 ~ (words & music) ter, brother, uncle, aunt and all the and Decision Pa~e. others who find places on 'you' Christmas list? Win you go througL Pocket Size Teltaments the usual campaign of worry this year, with its inevitable cyclone finish l J-;jx3 %' Inches ~a finish which takes about all the pleasure out of the holiday season Printed Clear for you? on real Readable Type Have you ever realized how easily India Paper you can avoid all this by handing ail or part of your gift list to the' *5 N. Edition MISSIONARY REVIEW? Send the RE- VIEW to your friends and relatives and Prkes vary according to style of have your gift coming to them not binding:- once, but twelve times~fresh every month of the year. Not only will No. I C.Dark Green waterproof cloth your gift be a year-long remembrance and pleasure, but it will be one that . 50c postpaid helps build up missionary interest-a gift to Christ at the same time. What No. 1 K-Khaki waterproof cloth 50c .. better Christmas gift could you find?

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Please mention l'Uli: 'MISSIOlfABY R:&:VJi:w or 't~ut WORl,D in writin, to advertisers THE ONE THING NEEDFUL It is not written anywhere· in Scripture- "Blessed is the nation whose President is Cox-or Harding."

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_THE

EVIEW~ VOL. NOVEMBER, 1920 NUMBER XLIII ELEVEN THE NEW CAIRO UNIVERSITY OPENED C AIRO University, of which Dr. Charles R. Watson is President opened in September. A part of the money for equipment and endowment has been secured, trustees have been elected and some of the teaching force has been secured. The putting into operation of its large program of education must wait until more adequate financial support is secured.

This is the opportune time for the opening of a Christian University in Egypt. The Near East is being transformed and men are looking for modern training. Moreover the granting of independence to Egypt has brought to many of the young patriots a new sense of their need for a modern education.

There is a report that the Moslem Azhar University is passing through an almost unheard of transition, in the direction of introducing modern methods and studies. Dr. McClenahan writes that he hears that even the Bible is to be taught; Hebrew also. If these reports are even half true, the changes will be revolutionary. He continues: "Most conspicuous, however, is the eagerness everywhere fQr education. My discussions with a great number of people have strongly increased the conviction that the country is waiting for just the sort of education which we hav.e been planning for, namely a University that will impart cultural and general education in which knowledge is combined with character development."

The political changes have affected the mental and religious attitude of the people. According to the terms of peace with Turkey, Greece is awarded all of Thrace and Smyrna, with adjoining territory running back approximately sixty-five miles with a breadth of 125 miles. Turkey is allowed to remain in authority 951

in Anatolia, with the exception of a small portion in the east, which is given to Armenia. France is to have control over Syria. Great Britain has a mandatory for Mesopotamia and Palestine.

What is the significance of this as regards Egypt f Here alone of all the countries of that compact world do we find a center of influence under a Western government, whose language makes it easy for English-speaking Americans to establish there a base for their educational institutions, and their uplifting missionary processes.

THE SITUATION IN NORTH PERSIA F EW places have been so isolated by the war as Persia. Access- ible to the world only through the Caucasus, Trebizond on the Black Sea, and Baghdad on the south, these routes have been practically closed during the war.

Although a neutral nation, Persia has suffered terribly through the war. It is estimated that out of its population of eight to ten million, one million have perished through disease, epidemic and famine. The heaviest blow has fallen on the province of Azerbaijan in northwest Persia, where a series of wunderfully fertile plains are surrounded by high mountains. The most beautiful is the plain of Urumia, called by travelers, "The Garden of Persia."* Before the war, the Presbyterian Mission in Urumia included the Fisk Seminary with over 100 pupils with Moslem and Jewish departments; the Mission Press, from which have gone out millions of pages of the Bible and the Syriac literature needed for Christian schools; the treasury building, the Dewan Khana, where official calls. were received, three missionary residences and the Labaree Memo- rial Church. Serdari, near by, was the beautiful garden containing the American Boys' School. Outside of the city was the Hospital with accommodation for over 100 patients, the college buildings for the Syrian department of education, and missionary residences.

These buildings have all been thoroughly looted, some complete- ly destroyed and others badly injured (except Serdari, which was too useful to the Persians to be ruined). .

But the greatest loss has been the destruction of the Christian villages: Thousands have died by massacre, disease, famine and deportation. It is estimated that of the 30,000 Christians in Urumia before the war, not more than 10,000 remain. The fate of the hun- dreds of captive and outraged women is worse than death. Eighteen Presbyterian missionaries occupied Urumia Station before the war. Of these five have died, and twelve have been forced to return to America as the re·sult of their sufferings. Only one is on the field and he in another station. The Christian population that survived the horrors of siege, famine, epidemic and deporta- • The Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions had here a large and flourishing station, the mother of all the other stations in Persia.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

tion, are now scattered in Tabriz, Kazvin, Ramadan, Kermanshah and Mosul. The British have come to the rescue of these refugees, and have pitched thousands of tents, established sanitation, erected hospitals and sanitariums, fed the hungry, buried dead and es- tablished law and order. They have also given employment to thou- sands of men and women, and through refugee labor built many miles of permanent roads.

In Urumia the Kurds, under their infamous chief Simku, have overrun the plain and taken possession of the government. They are making life miserable for the Moslems, who are reaping what they have sown. Not only Christian but Moslem villages are almost de- serted and most of the population are starving to death in the city, . where nothing adequate is being done for them.

It is two years since the armistice was signed. How soon will the work of rehabilitation be begun by establishing order and mak- ing life secure so as to enable the exiles to start over again 1 Will the American Government allow the lawless Kurd and hungry Persian to pick American property to pieces, selling the brick and stone for a song~ Is nothing to be done to show that precious American life and hundreds of thousands of dollars of American property cannot be destroyed with impunity~ Is it much wonder that Persians and Turks tauntingly say that Americans have no government ¥ But though Christians may suffer martyrdom and property may be destroyed the" gates of hell" cannot prevail against the Church of God. The heroism and self-sacrificing service of the missionaries, who remained at their posts of duty and suffered with the people, have made many of the Persians realize that material forces are not supreme and they know that their own religion has failed them. Never before was the door so wide open to the Christian evangelist, teacher and physician as it is today. The love of God and the sword of the Spirit must replace hatred and the sword of steel. From every side the call sounds: "Come over and help us." Let the Church at home meet this opportunity in the spirit of Christ.

FORCES FOR LIFE AND'DEATH IN RUSSIA R USSIA is a laboratory for the working out of an experiment in- the rule of the proletariat, but it is a laboratory without the supervision or a scientific expert. Consequently explosions and devastations result from the handling of powerful chemicals. T'he laboring classes and unscrupulous leaders are determined to use power for selfish purposes. God and His laws are disregarded. What else could be expected other than disaster1 Prof. Zeidler, ex-head of the Petrograd Red Cross Society and now a refugee in Finland, reports that conditions in Petrograd are marked by starvation and filth. "Death stalks on every side and the once famous and beautiful capital is now reduced to one-fourth its size. The population has

shrunk from two million to 600,000 and the deaths number a thousand a day. Houses are choked with filth, the fuel and food situation is unspeakably bad and prices are incredibly high. Only one street car line is running and most homes are in darkness. The government is disorganized and property is decaying. Petrograd is facing a dreadful phantom of epidemics. Hospitals are overflowing and the attendants are untrained army men, rough and lazy, who rob the hos- pitals and the patients. Science is not encouraged in Russia and physicians cannot obtain chemicals, medicines or instruments. It is impossible not to be moved by the hunger and struggles of the dying people."

The government of Russia is nominally a democracy. It is in reality a tyranny of the worst sort with unscrppulous and uneducated leaders in control. They have not God in all· their thoughts and care· not to know or obey His laws. The result is disorder and death. The experiment cannot last, and already there are signs of disintegration.

The army in the West has demanded that a truce be signed with Poland; and Lenin, the dictator has yielded. Troops in Siberia are revolting from Soviet rule, and the great middle classes of Russia are beginning to see the fallacy of Soviet principles, the falseness of Soviet promises, and the unfairness of Soviet methods. .

The hope for Russia lies in a return to sanity and a looking to God for forgiveness and guidance. Russia needs not only religion; Russia needs Jesus Christ. While destruction wastes at noonday and terror by night makes people afraid, there are forces at work for righteousness. Not only are Red Cross and Y. M. C. A. repre- sentatives doing what they can to relieve suffering humanity, but evangelical Christians are working in Siberia, in some parts of Rus- sia and on the western borders. There are still about 160,000 Rus- sian prisoners in Germany beside many recent refugees or deserterlil from the Soviet Army. They offer a great opportunity for Christian missionary work. These Russians are ignorant. One of them, hear- ing a missionary mention the "Word of God" asked which God he meant and after being told there was only one God replied: "No, yours is the God of the West. Long live the God .of Lenin who has given the world' golden liberty." His words were greeted with applause. Nevertheless there are 22 Christian churches in Russian camps and Bible classes are conducted in thirty-eight camps in Ger- many. Over five hundred prisoners were baptized in one month and evangelical_Christian workers are being trained among the Russians to work for the conversion of their countrymen. Swedish Christians are also supporting a work in Wernigerde with the help of friends in America. Christian literature is greatly needed and as many Bibles and tracts as are available are being distributed to Russians in Germany and on the borderlands. The Russian Soviet Government is bitterly opposed to Christianity and to all religion. Ex-prisoners

1920J ' EDITORIAL COMMENT

and refug,ees returning to Russia are given Bibles and Testaments to take into Russia. There are now hundreds of thousands of Russian refugees in Germany, 100,000 in Berlin alone, 50% of them being Jews. There are three evangelical Christians working among them. Many Russian evangelicals are ready to undertake missionary work if the necessary support can be provided. The hope for Russia, as for every individual Russian, lies in the acceptance of Jesus Christ as the Way, the Truth and the Life.

NEGLECTED NAVAJO INDIANS W HEN a treaty was signed with the Navajo Indians in 1868, according to which they were placed on a much smaller area than the one they had been occupying, a stipulation was made that the American Government would furnish a schoolhouse and teacher for every thirty-five children. Half a century has passed and figures show over 9000 Navajo children, with less than 2000 in mission and government schools. They are boys and girls of native ability, but 7000 of them have never seen a schoolhouse.

There are in fact more Indian children out of' school now than twenty years ago, because school facilities have not kept pace with the growth of population.

Rev. W. R. Johnston was asked a few years ago to make a survey of the Navajo country, extending from the Grand Canon to Albuquerque, and from San Juan to the Sante Fe Railway, and gather facts in regard to the young men and women who had re- turned from reservation schools to their homes-about 800 in num- ber. He stopped one day at a trading post for luncheon and an Indian woman approached with her blankets around her and her baby on her back. She spoke correct English and it was learned that when a child of six she 'had gone to the Ft. Lewis School in Colorado. She remained nine years, and came home with a, vision of leading her family out of the old pagan life, and sharing with her people some of the advantages she had received. Now she was living in a hogan of one room, with no window, no door, no chairs, a pile of sheepskins for a bed, no knives or forks; and with a second polygamous wife and eight children.

When the educated young Indians lose, their ideals, they des- cend to a plane below that of the pagan Indian, and as one mis- sionary said: "It is easier to elevate the camp Indians than the veneered pa.gans that come back from government schools." The foundation for permanent progress must be laid in the Word of God. In some government schools the missionary is free to teach the Bible; in others, spiritual instruction is barred out. The per- plexing problem of the returned Indian student, of creating self- supporting, independent Christian citizens, can only be solved by'

placing hiIh under adequate Christian instTl,l(,ltion. .

CHRISTIANITY-ORIENTAL AND OCCIDENTAL "Now :i entreat you, Ilrethren, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, to cultivate a spirit of harmony-all of you-and that there be no divisions among you; but rather a perfect union through your having one mind and one judgment. For I have been distinctly informed, my brethren, about you . . . that there are dissensions among you. What I mean is that each of you is a partisan. One man says, "I belong to Paul"; another "I belong to Apollos"; a third, "I belong to Peter"; a fourth, 'I belong to Christ." Is Christ in fragments? I. Corinthiatls 1: 10 to 13. Weymouth's Translation.) T RANSLATED into present day terms a modern missionary might write to fellow Christians: I am informed that there are many denominations among you. I mean that each of you is a sectarian. One says, "I am a Wesleyan" (or Methodist) ; another, "I am a Baptist"; a third, "I am a Calvinist" (or Presbyterian) ; a fourth, "I am a Lutheran"; a fifth, "I am a member of the Church of England (or Episcopalian); another "I am a Chtistian (or a follower of Campbell). Has Christ been divided into sections to make different sects 7 Missionaries and Christian converts in many mission lands have remarked that the effort to establish 'denominational churches in non-Christian lands has caused confusion and dissension. It is easy to understand why modern apostles of Christ should go into all lands and preach the deity of Jesus; the good news of His allsufficient atonement on the cross; the eternal life proved by His resurrection and ascension; His promised return as indicated in the Gospels and the Epistles; the truth of His word and the power of new life in Christ. But why should· they preach world-wide Methodism or the exclusive efficacy of anyone form of baptism, the importance of any particular form of church government or the special validity of any human ordination to the ministry' Surely the essentials of the Gospel are the same today as those proclaimed by Jesus Christ and His apostles-a living faith in Jesus Christ as the Son of God, the Saviour Who redeems men by His death on the cross and Who rose from the dead to bring life and immortality to light through the Gospel. The Apostle Paul declared that he was determined to know nothing among the Corinthian's "except Jesus Christ and Him crucified." This basis of unity is not a man made basis, but the divinely revealed basis.

In India, China and other mission fields, the desire for Christian unity is growing, with with it there is an increasing antagonism toward sectarian divisions that seem to have been the product of the Occident. There is a demand for the simple proclamation of the Gospel, with liberty to permit the Christian life to assume Oriental forms. In India, at the recent Bangalore Conference, Mr. P. Chenchiah, an Indian Christian, declared that the slow progress, if not the failure, of the western Christianity to win India to Christl is due to the alien methods adopted by the missionaries.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

He pointed out that Occidental missionary ideals and methods are not understood by Indians. While their moral and religious ideas are far remo'ed from those of Christians, they can appreciate the need for the Incarnation of God in Jesus Christ, the desire for immortality, forgiveness obtained through sacrifice for sin and the requirements for a life devoted to God. The Occidental idea of a fully organized mission, responsible to the home office, with salaried workers and many forms of mission work, is very different from the Hindu idea of a religious devotee who goes about like a sadhu and as Christ and His apostles went about in the first century. The Indian sadhu in his wanderings without purse or luggage, clad in his saffron robe, goes about preaching his religion freely, without organizing churches, without the necessity of making reports and without the backing of an organization. He trusts to the vitality of truth and life to propagate itself. Mr. Chenchiah urged the importance of learning lessons from the Oriental method of promoting religion and said, "In the Christian sadhu the future Indian church will possess a means of establishing a system of evangelism suited to the Orient." The one essential is to introduce the living Christ to men sb that they will see His divine character and mission, and will accept Him as Saviour and Lord. When Chtist lives in men He can be trusted to develop the type of life and organization best adapted to the individual needs. Then too, Christian unity will be assured, without uniformity and without discordant sectarianism. Those who are truly united to Christ cannot be far separated from one another.

SHALL WE DRIFT OR STEER ¥ A RE Christian church leaders. becoming indifferent to the essential tenets of Christianity 1 The tendency to "broadness" as an expression of charity among theologians, and the passion for social service as an expression of brotherly love among laymen combine to lessen or entirely destroy the sense of the importance of faith' as a foundation for Christian character, and a dynamic for truly sacrificial service.

We know from practical experience, as well as from philosophical theory, that what a man believes has a very vital relation to his ideals and his acts. This is true even in 'Such temporal matters as the purchase or erection of a house, the making of a contract, the support of a political candidate, the advocacy .of temperance and sociv.l purity or the bringing up of a family. Evidently then, the ele- ments of a man's faith must be of :first importance in the formation of his character and the frilit of his service.

What are some of the New Testament 'Statements concerning what a Christian should believe in regard to Christ?

I "This Is the work of God that ye believe on Him whom He hath sent." John 6: 29.

"He that believeth on the Son hath eternal life; but he that obeyeth not the Son shall not see life, but the wrath of God abideth on him." John 3: 36.

"Dost thou believe on the Son of God? * * * He 'it is that speaketh with. thee"

Jno. 9 :35 to 37.

See also-Matt. 16 :16; 17; 26 :63, 64; John 20 :27-29 Similar words of Christ and His apostles might be quoted to show the necessity of faith in the Atonement, the bodily resurrection of Jesus and of the spiritual rebirth. And yet when we notice the tend- encie'S of the day, the question arises, are we drifting into unbelief, or are we steering knowingly into skepticism 7 Not only are men and women in Christian Association work accepted as Bible class leaders and executives without reference to their Christian faith, but the Young Women's Christian Association has deliberately opened the doors of its active membership to those who do not believe the New Testament teachings. More than one New England church, including the original Church of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, so let down the bars and received mf,mbers who do not believe in the deity of Christ that these churche'S have finally become Unitarian, and evangelical members have been obliged to withdraw and form another congrega~ tion.

Not only are very many of our colleges propagating disbelief in the teachings of Christ and His Spirit filled apostles, but theological seminaries are harboring professors who spread doubt aud unbelief. A pamphlet recently published in connection with an investigation of 'Some of the seminaries gives the following facts: One seminary professor writes: "There is one crowning absurdity of theology that even human law never suggested, namely, that the pE'nalty of an evil deed can be vicariously borne by another, while the sinner goes scot free." Compare the teachings of the New Testament that Christ" bare our sins in His own Body on the tree, that we, being dead to -sin should live unto righteousness; by whose stripes we are healed."

MI'. Ernest D. Gordon in The Record of Christian W ol'k also notes the fact that Andover Theological Seminary, founded as evangelical, is now affiliated with Harvard which is Unitarian. Chicago Theological SE'minary has rE'cently hlkE'n into its faculty the professors of the Unitarian Seminarv in Meadville, whose summer ses- 'Sions are held in Chicago. Newt~n Seminary (Baptist) is affiliated with Harvard, and four of its students are taking postgraduate courses in Harvard Diyinity Sellonl (Unitl'1ril'111). Is it l'1l1' wonder that the stream of faith i~ Iwcnnling impurr' when it is pollutf'd at its source? Wllat ran be expected of true Christian beliE'f from those in the pew when unbelief is voicE'd from the pulpiO It is also significant to note that many of these non-Christian seminaries are dying. Harvard has some 5000 or more students,

EDITORIAL COMMENT

but its Divinity School numbers only twenty-six, while in the actual classes of undergraduates, the seniors number one, the middle cla'Ss one, and the juniors six. The professors number twelve. Andover Seminary has seventeen students and eight members of the faculty. Chicago University Theological Department ha'S 300 students, but only a fraction of them are studying for the ministry.

It is not to be wondered at also that practically none of the stu- dents from these "advanced" seminaries go into home or foreign mission work. Some become writers, othf)rs teachers, other pastors of city or 'Suburban churches, and some social settlement workers. The self-sacrificing work of the missionary does not appeal to them, and they are not equipped for work that requires spiritual power. Most of the missionaries that are spreading vital Christianity come ,from ,our smaller denominational colleges and evangelical seminaries. The Northern Baptists at their recent Convention in Buffalo Wisely appointed a committee to inve'Stigate its theological seminaries. The Methodists recently made strenuous objection to the destructive teachings in their own Sunday-school literature. Other denomina-' tions that desire to safeguard the purity and power of the Christian Church might wisely follow the Baptist example, and purify the fountain heads of teaching in denominational schools, seminaries and periodicals. "This is the victory that overcometh the world, even our faith"-faith in the Son of God "who loved me and gave Himself for me."

THE UNITED STATES IN HAITI A LTHOUGH some of the newspaper reports of the killing of the natives in Haiti by United States marines may have been exag- gerated, there is enough truth in the accusations to bring a blush of shame to American Christians. The United States Govern- ment undertook to occupy the Black Republic in 1915, in order to es- tablish order, and improve financial, political, sanitary and social con- ditions. American marines, placed over native gendarmerie, have carried on such a ru~hless campaign against the Haitians who resisted their authority that many natives have been killed. According to reports, many of these have been innocent of any wrong doing, and were given no opportunity to defend themselves before a court. No material benefits of American .control can make up for unjust and in- .human' treatment" and there is a growing antagonism toward the trnited States in Haiti. '

Another cause for shame on the part of American Christians is that Haiti is almost entirely neglected as a field for Christian activity.

The people are ignorant, and live on a low moral scale. Unfortu- nately, the treatment received from American marines does not pre- dispose the people of Haiti to welcome American missionaries.

DANCERS AT A RELIGIOUS

One of the Dancers, with a stuffed monkey is masked to represent the devil. All are possessed with evil in these dances 960

Indians of Latin America*

BY GEORGE M. McBRIDE, NEW YORK O·~:,,-,-.– I. 'THE HIGHLAND INDIANS OF THE ANDEAN REPUBLICS NE of the greatest problems before the reopublics of the Andes is the question of their Indian population. It is also one of the gravest. Scarcely any other matter elicits such a general interest among the leaders of government and education. "El problema del Indio" is a phrase that always brings thoughtful men to attention, whether in legislative halls, in educational conferences, in economic discussions, or in military plans. A recent number of the bulletin issued by the La Paz (Bolivia) Geographical Society was devoted entirely to the Indian. Two of the most popular books issued from the Bolivian press in recent years are "La Raza de Bronce" by Alcides Arguedas, and "La Educacion del Indio" by Alfredo Guillen Pinto.

The aboriginal races of these republics form the predominating element in the population. In Bolivia 50% of the inhabitants are classed as of pure Indian blood, while 27% are of mixed race with the Indian characteristics predominating. (Census of 1900).- In Peru, out of a total population of 4,500,000, the Indians number about 2,500,000, or over 55%. In Ecu,:tdor there are practically no persons of pure Spanish blood and the pure Indians are estimated at about 1,600,000. In Colombia, according to the "Encyclopedia of Latin America," from 40 to 45 per cent 'of the population (5,071,101) is of pure Indian blood. These four countries then show as an average about 52 per cent of fnll-blooded Indians in their population and contain in the aggregate nearly 7,500,000 Indians.

While part of this Indian population belongs to the uncivilized tribes of the Orinoco, Amazon and La Plata lowlands, the majority, (probably some 53 per cent), l~ve on the plateau, from 6,000 to 14,000 feet above s.ea level. These tribes are by no means savages, for they belong chiefly to the peoples, who, before the advent of Europeans, had developed their own specialized culture, equal in many respects to the civilization of Europe and Asia at that time.

Chief among them in numbers are those of Quechua speech.

These are not all of the same .ethnic divisions but came under the • A Paper Prepared for the Committee on Co-operation in Latin America, November, 1919.

961

sway of the Inca Empire and retain as their present language, the lengua general of that empire. They are estimated to number about 3,000,000 and cover almost the entire Peruvian highlands, the southern half of the Bolivian plateau and all of the uplands of Ecuador. Next in importance come the Aymaras who number about 500,000 and occupy the region known as Collasuyo in Inca times, the territory about Lake Titicaca, and eastward on the higher slopes of the Cordillera Real of Northern Bolivia. Lastly there are some 500,000 descendants of the Chibchas' and other civilized tribes in Colombia. The total number of these different tribes is probably about four million.

There is no need to describe the admirable features that characterized the Inca Empire, which extended over almost all of the upland territory embraced in the three republics of Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador, nor the inferior but still advanced culture of the Chibchas in Colombia. Prescott, in his "Conquest of Peru," Sir Clements Markham, in "The Incas of Peru," and Thomas A. Joyce, in "South American Archaeology," considered these people worthy subjects for their masterly sketches. The Indians of those celebrated days were by no means exterminated by the Spanish. They survive, probably in reduced numBers and certainly under great oppression, but still capable of the achievements that distinguished their ancestors. Among the humble peons on the Andean farms; and particularly among the still existing independent communities that occupy the more isolated sections of the plateau, there live many worthy sons of once distinguished families. Though submerged beneath the surface of the present social and political life, though deprived of almost every opportunity for economic, intellectual or spiritual advancement, thes(> rugged mountain people preserve many of the physical, mental and moral qualities wh~ch in centuries past made them dominate the destinies of the entire continent. This is peculiarly true of the Aymara and the Quechua tribes, the most numerous as well as the most promising of these Indians. Overcome by the deceit and savagery of the Spaniard, the highland Indian has proven himself stronger than his conqueror. Of rugged physical constitution, quiet but masterful in his manner, moral above many of the Christian peoples of the world, this hardy mountaineer, lover of the solitude, has forced his masters to conform to his ways, has obliged the race of conquerors to learn his language in order to converse with him, and, though peaceably inclined when undisturbed, has taught the whites to recognize his customs, to respect his property, and to live in' an ill-concealed fear of the day when the "India" shall revolt. No step that affects the Indian is taken in these countries, either by the individual owner of estates or by the government itself without tlrst weighing its probable reception by the aborigines. Though Ull-

1920J 'rHE INDIANS 01" LATIN AMERICA

schooled, disfranchised and outcast, the Indian of the highlands is in a very real sense master in his own house.

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE INDIANS At the present time the highland Indian furnishes the only supply of labor, skilled and unskilled, in country and city alike. No field is tilled but by his hand, no harvest is reaped but with his sickle. He moulds every sun-dried brick, he dresses each stone that goes to build hovel or palace. He mines the ore, builds roads and railroads, constructs the bridges, herds the flocks of sheep, llamas and alpacas. With his droves of llamas and donkeys he transports much of the merchandise, since only a few miles of rail- road exist and there are few navigable waters on the upland. He even collects the fuel, cooks the food, carries water and performs all other domestic service. With the advent of modern industries he is learning to make matches, to brew beer and to manufacture shoes.

The highland Indians are primarily agriculturists. The other work they do is merely incidental. In Bolivia 564,009 of the total population is classed as agricultural, while 399,037 are engaged in "general industries" and only 12,625 in mining. InPern, Ecuador and Colombia the proportion of agriculturists is probably somewhat higher. While many Indians in these countries are held as virtual serfs on the large estates, great numbers are entirely free, living on their independent communities; some 67 per cent of the aborigines of the Bolivian highlands and over 50 per cent of those in Perno They hold land in common, as in Inca and pre-Inca days, annually allotting a specified extent of tillable' soil to each member. The flocks are herded on a common pasture. Even the government of these commUllities is left largely in the hands of the Indians. The authority of the government is exerted only in collecting'taxes and curbin~ serious disorders when necessary. These free communities are most numerous in the isolated valleys and remote corners of the plateau, where whites seldom travel. Many of the inhabitants of these districts rarely see a white man and live the simple life of a mountain agricultural people, much as they did before the occupation of their land by Europeans. In such regions the influence of the Church is far less felt than in districts where whites have settled.

Another consideration of significance for the future of these highland republics is that the Indian is acclimated to these great altitudes. Where foreigner or native-born sons of Europeans succumb to the deadly soroche, or mountain sickness, the Indian, with his enormous lung capacity and vigorous heart action, seems thoroughly at home. It is doubtful if the mineral wealth of these mountains can ever be developed with any but Indian labor. Im-

migration can never be depended upon to greatly increase the population of the working class. The industrial future of the Andean republics lies with their aboriginal people.

THE NEED OF THE INDIANS _ Yet these Indians are neither educated nor Ohristianized. For four centuries they have lived side by side with Europeans, yet the vast majority of them can neither read nor write, speak no language but their own, are familiar with only a few empty symbols of Christianity, and worship, as of old, the spirits that, to their simple fancy, inhabit fields, rocks and mountain peaks. "The most needy and uncared for" is how Dr. Robert E. Speer characterizes these Quechuas and Aymaras, though he testifies that they are "more hopeful than our North American Indians."

No statistics are available as to illiteracy among these highland people. However, 850/0 of the popUlation of Bolivia are completely without education, and it is likely that not more than one out of every thousand of the Indians in that republic is literate. Oonditions in Peru are little better, while in Ecuador and Oolombia they are probably worse. It is doubtful if 4,000 persons in all, among these highland Indians, could be found who can read and write.

As to religion they are still pagan at.heart. Most of them are baptized with Christian names, are married by the Roman Catholic Church and a few have Christian burial rites. Churches stand in the towns and on many farms; there are often chapels in their communities, but the average Indian sees a priest but once or twice a year, usually on occasion of the principal religious feast day. Otherwise the Indians' Christianity consists mostly of the celebration of pagan festivals with Christian names, in pagan fashion, in front of or inside a house of worship, in which Roman Catholic saints and pagan spirits are perhaps equally prominent in the minds of the participants. At the little shrine (called Calvario) that stands on a high peak overlooking the city of La Paz, (Bolivia), the Indians may often be seen with their cups of incense, kneeling with their backs to the Christian symbols of the crucifix and the Virgin's picture, as they face the wide valley below and mutter phrases in neither Spanish nor Latin, but in their deep, gutteral Aymara.

In the celebration of religious observances, the Indian finds his deepest degradation. For months at a time he works industriously in his tiny fields, assists his still more industrious wife abollt her household duties, plays with his red-cheeked, chubby children about his humble doorway, or tenderly cares for his domestic animals. He warms the new-born lamb in h;<; bosom, adorns his pet llamas with fancy bits of colored wool or carries the load of a tired donkey on his own back. All this time he thriftily hoards his paltry earn-

THE INDIANS OF LATIN AMERICA

TWO CHARACTERISTICS OF THE; SITUATION IN PE;RUVIAN CInES Ignorant and poor Inca Indians and a great Roman Catholic Cathedral

ings and lives a sober, quiet life among the members of his clan. Then comes the feast day. The best woven homespun clothesbright with variegated colors-are brought out for all the family. The father dons his festive garb of feather head-dress, tiger skin and hideous mask, and takes his shrill reed pipe or native drum down from the low rafters that support his roof of thatch. On foot the family sets out at grey dawn, through the biting cold of the high plateau, the older children trotting besides their parents, the baby upon the mother's back. For hours they trudge toward the nearest church. There are gathered friends and kin from all the neighborhood. There too are found the half-breed venders of chicha (a native fermented drink) and alcohol, while candles, incense and other necessities for the festival may also be bought. Groups of acquaintances form about the booths where liquor is being sold and the Indians begin their Christian fh}sta. To the music of pipe and drum they dance their ancient pagan dances, before, around and into the church enclosure. At times even before the altar they continue this bachanal. Each brief interval of rest is marked by generous draughts of intoxicating liquor, when the Indian, before he touches the beverage to his lips; carefully spills over a few drops as a libation to mother earth, (Pachamama in his native tongue), as his ancestors have done from time immemorial. For several days and nights a ceaseless round of alternating dance and drink is continued untll men and women alike, the latter sometimes with their babes still slung upon their backs, fall in drunken stupor upon the ground. Occasional fights occur as enemies meet or differences arise among intoxicated friends. Early, if possible, during this celebration the Roman Catholic priest arrives and goes through the form of mass. Then he collects his fees of silver, grain, poultry or sheep, and off he rides to other celebrations at the neighhoring center. The supply of alcohol exhausted, or the pow·er to purehaseit, the Indians slowly recover from their carousal and wander sadly home again to live the life of pagan peasants. Such is the form of religion that prevails among the aboriginal inhabit- ants of these highland republics.

Paganism is more frequently in evidence. Each crest along the mountain road is mar~ed by heaps of stones, where every pass erby should build a miniature house for some occult purpose of spirit worship. At dangerous places, where overhanging rocks threaten the traveler, the Indians who pass make offerings of coca to the spirits who inhabit the hills. When an animal is killed for its meat they catch the blood and dash it upon the end of their low abode houses, under the thatched gable, explaining their action to any inquisitive stranger by a shrug of the shoulders and the single word, "costumbre," (it is the custom). It would appear to be a survival of some ancient observance in spirit worship. When cross-

THE INDIANS OF LATIN AMERICA

ing a stream they call repeatedly the names of any children who may be in the company for fear, as they say, that the spirits of these little ones may not dare to pass over and so some harm should befall them. These, the common things of an Indian's life, attest the religion which holds most conspicuous place in his heart. In spite of the veneer which four centuries of priestly instruction have given him, the Indian of the plateau is still a pagan.

EFFORTS TO U PLH'T THE INDIANS This is the Indian problem that confronts the Andean republics. Its solution is one of the prime matters that concern their governments. The history of efforts made in behalf of the Indian is quickly told. Guillen in his "La Education del Indio" (La Paz, 1919), recounts the little that has been done in Bolivia. It is typical of the other lands. In 1826 a dozen free scholarships for Indians were offered in one of the seminaries of the church. Result apparently nil. In 1905, after.a lapse of three quarters of a century, another attempt was made. This time "Profesores ambulantes" were appointed, educational circuit riders we would call them, to conduct classes in the districts where Indian population was densest, giving a few weeks at a time to each district. It was impossible to find competent teachers who would undergo the inconveniences and hardships entailed. The plan was dropped. Six years later a normal school was established in the capital, to train teachers for such work, but found it impossible to secure candidates. It has now been moved to a rural district and efforts are being made to secure pure-blooded Indians who will take the training required for work among their own people. But so far little success has been met, for the Indian looks with suspicious eye upon the work of his white master, fearing that it is only a scheme to add an additional burden to his already oppressed race. Better success has been met within the army where some attempt is being made to give elementary instruction to illiterates. But most of the Indians, not enjoying the privileges of citizenship, are not obliged to take the military service, so this effort is not far-reachng.

Another effort made by the government was the offer of a pecuniary award to anyone who would teach an Indian to read and write. For some years this offer has stood, the government holding itself ready to pay Bs. 20.00 ($8.00) per head for any Indian so taught. To this there has been little response, as it has been considered beneath the dignity of a professor to stoop to this means of augmenting his income. About the only ones to take advantage of the offer have been some of the missionaries who found that this money would help support classes that they had opened for Indians in connection with their church work.

Protestant missions likewise have not done much to alleviate

the condition of the Indians. In Ecuador nothing has been attempted save sporadic efforts of independent missionaries, whose results as yet are extremely meager. In Colombia no special work has been undertaken for the Indian, and the churches and schools for whites usually fail to reach him. In Peru British missions have made a beginning, as have also the Adventists. In Cuzco the nurses of the South American Evangelical Union serve Indians as well as whites, and the magnificent Urco farm, acquired some years ago, is beginning to have a slight influence upon the peons that belong on it, though so far its influence has been chiefly with the neighboring whites. The most outstanding mission, distinctly for the Peruvian Indian, is that of the Adventists near Puno on Lake Titicaca. Here nursing was the foundation upon which the work' was built, but this was accompanied by strong evangelistic efforts, and by educational work. It has been very successful, due in part to the close sympathy shown by the American missionaries for the Indians and 'in part to their having found, in the person of a pure Aymara Indian, a real apostle to his people.

In Bolivia some efforts are being made to evangelize and educate the Indian. On the shores of Lake Titicaca the independent Peniel Hall Society has bought a farm with its some 275 Indian serfs. A school house was built with funds raised locally. Classes for boys have been held, but great difficulty has been experienced in the matter of handling the Indians and meeting the opposition of certain white neighbors who prefer to keep the Indian ignorant so that they can exploit him. The work has suffered greatly, too, by the frequent changes in its local board of trustees. A strong permanent control is needed to give stability to the work. It is greatly to be d'esired that this attempt to educate and evangelize the Indian should succeed. Funds for its establishment were left by Mr. Chiriotto, an Italian-American who bequeathed his small fortune to the Society. His pious purposes should be carried out. The farm and mission is well situated, not too distant from the center of civilized life but in the midst of a dense population of Aymara Indians who are needy in the extreme and very promising in character. This mission with its funds of some $32,000, about half of which has been invested in the farm, will probably never succeed as it should unless affiliated with some strong Mission Board.

Among the Quechuas of southern Bolivia, in the Department of Potosi, work has been carried on for some ten years by the Bolivian Indian Mission, a British society. This organization has a group of ten to twelve missionaries, mostly from New Zealand, who have several small stations with evangelistic, educational and medical features. Though their funds are very limited, they have made a promising beginning in a very needy field.

In addition to these undertakings there are classes for Indians

THE INDIANS OF LATIN AMERICA

A PROTESTANT MISSION SCHOOL FOR INCA INDIANS IN PERU and religious services for Indians conducted in connection with several of the churches in La Paz and Oruro. Otherwise nothing has been done by Protestant missions in any of these Andean republics.

The Indian is often eager for instruction, can he but feel that there is not an ulterior motive in the plans proposed for his uplift. The few schools that have been opened by government and missionary agencies find a satisfactory response. Many of the Indians realize that a new situation confronts their race as the economic development of the plateau advances. They see that the coming of railroads, the opening of mines and the development of commerce have wrought changes within the last few decades that far exceed the accumulated influence of preceding centuries. They realize that the aboriginal race must be prepared to meet a new condition. Not infrequently a request is sent to the government for t.he opening of a. school in some free Indian community. One such petition was accompanied by an offer to meet all expenses to build and equip a schoolhouse, and to pay the salary of the teacher. Moreover, parents are seeking to secure for their children the advantages of the city schools. One old Indian, animated by such a desire, appeared at the La Paz American Institute, in his homespun clothes, with hide sandals on his feet, and a variegated poncho over his shoulders. He came into the school grounds, carrying his boy's trunk on his back. On being presented to the principal he dropped to his knees and kissed the extended hand, begging to have his son received as a pupil. The boy was enrolled and within two years, though competing with white Bolivians and foreigners of

several nationalities, he had outclassed many of his fellows and teceived the highest awards in English. Each quarter the father kept his promise to come and pay the tuition, usually bringing as a gift for the head of the school, a basket of eggs carefully packed in a home made basket. While such examples are rare they mark the awakening of the Indians to the need of an education.

In spite of the great neglect and apparent indifference of the respective governments towards the uplift of the Indian, any effort made to assist in the task will meet with the approval and support of many of the most influential men of the countries. These leaders :r:ealize that, at present, the illiterate aborigine, with his prjmitive ideas and his antiquated ways of life, is a perpetual drag to the progress of the republics. Forming such a preponderate portion of the population lind providing the only available labor supply for agricultural and industrial development, the Indian, they see, must be prepared for the part he will inevitably play in the nation's advance. He must be made an integral part of the republic. This cannot be done without a certain degree of education. Realizing this, leaders of political affairs are keen to take advantage of any assistance which they can secure from outside agencies.

In Peru both the American Adventists and the British Mission at Cuzco have met cordial support. When fanatical opponents began a persecution of the former and their Indian converts near Puno, the matter was quickly taken up at Lima and this incident furnished the occasion for the enactment of a law providing com~ plete religious toleration in Peru, which up to that time had stood out stubbornly against this liberal measure.

In Bolivia ev~ry effort to help the Indian has received the cordial encouragement of the authorities. Both at the Peniel Hall farm and at the stations maintained by the Bolivian Indian Mission, government help has been received. When the former was established the Bolivian Minister in Washington wrote his congratulation, sent a liberal contribution to help the work, and urged his friends to do the same. The second Vice-President of Bolivia, in speaking to a missionary who was returning to the United States, urged him, "Tell your people in North America that we shall be glad to have them come to our country. ,Tell them to come in colonies and settle here. Have them bring their Protestant pastors with them that our Indians may learn from them what the true gospel really is, for that our priests have never taught them."

A PROPOSED PROGRAM In view of the great need; in view of the splendid promise; in view of the urgent desire of many Indians for an education; jn view of the often expressed encouragement from the government authorities of these countries; a widely extended work should be under-

19201 THE INDIANS OF LATIN AMERICA

taken among these submerged races of the highlands. Any program of operation for instruction and evangelization should be adapted to the peculiar needs of the Indian. He must be helped, largely right at home. Hence many stations will be required. The program should include particularly the following features: evangeliz~tion, primary education, agricultural instruction, industrial training and medical work, especially nursing. It should provide for a few well equipped central stations, located in the centers of densest aboriginal population, with a number of branch stations that will reach the Indians who live in scattered communities. The central stations should have boarding departments for both boys and girls, developed on a self-help basis.

Beginning from the Soutli, the following program is suggested. BOLIVIA-A strong central station in the southern part of the country for the Quechua-speaking Indians there. Probably the best location for climate, possibilities of agriculture, accessible population, etc., would be in the province of Charcas, Department of Potosi, where the independent Bolivian Indian Mission (British) has already opened several stations. If another district is preferred the neighborhood of Tupiza would probably be found suitable. Another such institution should be located in northern Bolivia, in the Aymara region about Lake Titicaca. Here is the densest Indian population in Bolivia, the province of Omasuyos showing about 100 persons per square mile, almost entirely rural. (An ideal location for this mission would be the Island of the Sun in Lake Titicaca. It is centrally located, near the point where steamer rout~ and land road cross at the strait of Tiquina. It has been from time immemorial a sacred spot among all the Indians of the Titicaca basin. It contains some 800 Indian inhabitants who would form the nucleus of the work. It is a strategic and charming spot, one of the most desirable for its situation and character of any point in the whole continent. It consists of two large farms with apparently clear titles and should cost somewhere about $200,000. If not possible to buy the entire Island, a site could probably be purchased there. Both owners belong to distinguished liberal families, who would be in sympathy with the work of uplifting the Indian.) PERu-One would naturally think first of the Cuzco valley as the point where a central station should be established. Here already flourishes the mission maintained by the Evangelical Union of South America, but there is a large popUlation of pure Indians in that and the neighboring valleys. Another important center: of pure Indian settlement is the province of Huaras, where the densest population in the republic is found.

ECUADOR-In Ecuador a central station should be opened at Ambato, Rio Bamba, or some neighboring point, or at Cuenca, in all of which places there is a large Indian population to draw from.

The last named place, though not yet connected by rail with the' coast, has ·an important commerce. It has some 30,000 inhabitants, mostly of Indian blood. Ambato is the seat of an annual fair to which Indians and others come from all the surrounding districts. During those gatherings its population is probably doubled. This circumstance would afford an excellent opportunity to make known the work of the institution located there and to disseminate the Gospel. – COLOMBIA-The need for separate Indian institutions is less in the Colombian highlands than in the other republics, for its aboriginal population has learned Spanish to a greater extent and mixed with the other elements of the country more than elsewhere. The department of Boyaca offers the best location for a central Indian mission. Here the population is dense and composed chiefly of full-blooded Indians. There are no large cities but many small Indian towns. Only 3 per cent of the population is said to attend school. Probably the neighborhood of Tunja or Chiquinquira would be most suitable.

Besides these strong central stations there should be established in each of these four republics from four to ten branch stations, manned with one American couple, and one or two native helpers. These small stations are necessary because the centers of Indian population are greatly scattered, and means of communication are badly lacking. A small equipment only would be necessary. A few acres of gronnd, a residence and a school house which conld be nsed also as chapel, would constitute most of the outfit required. Each should be provided with a dispensary, and should give simple, practical instruction in agriculture and perhaps something in the way of industrial training. In all probability many of these secondary stations would soon develop sufficiently to have added to them a boarding department and the other features characterizing the central stations. The estimated cost of each central station would be about $48,000 and $5,000 for each branch station. The program would require, in addition to the present workers, a force of three missionary families and four native workers in each central station; and one missionary family and one native worker for each branch station. The total estimated cost for two and one-half years (including property) would be $853,440.

In addition to the above program there is one feature that might be added with very great advantage, if properly developed. In every one of these Andean republics, with their great variety of climatic and soil conditions and the consequent diversity in production, there exists a system of markets and fairs which dates ftomtime immemorial. The markets are weekly or bi-weekly, the fairs are generally annuaL On these occasions people, particularly the Indians, gather from far and near, bringing their

THE INDIANS OF LATIN AMERICA

produce. to sell or coming to buy the products of regions different from their own. At these gatherings one can find inhabitants of widely separated districts, many of whom leave their native regions only on such bccasions. Bible colporteurs have already taken ad- vantage of these fairs to disseminate the Word, but as most of the participants are illiterate,. the written page offers little attraction for them. But if a system of evangelistic meetings and conferences could be organized, intended particularly to take advantage of these gatherings, it should be possible. to reach many thousands who other- wise would never hear the Gospel.

Statistics are not available as to the number of people who attend these markets and fairs, but it is safe to say that scarcely an Indian family, certainly not an Indian community, exists upon the plateau that does not frequently send a representative. To com- pletely carry out such a scheme would require the services of a number of trained workers, not necessarily preachers, who can use the Indian language fluently. They would be itinerant evangelists.

As all of the white and mestizo inhabitants speak the Indian lang- uages, workers recruited from these classes could be utilized. But Indians, as soon as they are available, would be better able to reach their own people, since they command greater ·confidence and can penetrate into the intimate life of the Indian people as no white man or mestizo can do. – (To be concluded) GOD CARES DO WE f F ORGET not that your first and principal business as a disciple of Christ is to give the Gospel to those who have it not. He who is not a missionary Christian will be a missin9 Christian when the great day comes of bestowing the rewards of service.

Therefore, ask yourselves daily what the Lord would have _ you do in connection with the work of carrying the news of sale — vation to the perishing millions. Search carefully whether He would have you go yourself to the heathen, if you have the youth and fitness required for the work.

Or, if you cannot go in person, inquire diligently what blood mortgage there is UPQn your property in the interest of Foreign Missions, how much you owe to the heathen because of what you owe to Christ for redeeming you with His pre-'· cious blood.

I warn you that it will go hard with you when the Lord comes to reckon with you, if He finds your wealth hoarded up in needless accumulations instead of being sacredly devoted to giving the Gospel to the lost. A. J. GORDON.

Brother on the

The Story of Dan Schultz, the Labor Evangelist, in Wyoming "8 BY REV. COE HAYNE, NEW YORK AY, boy, I'll give you just twenty-four hours in this hole. It's too tough for you." The young Baptist preacher, to whom the clerk in the little dingy western hotel directed his remarks, laughed.

"That's not answering my question," he said. "I want to know if there are any churches in town."

"Churches! Homesick already?" "Not exactly," replied the sky pilot. "I have been sent here by the Home Mission Society to hold some meetings, and I want to know what has been done here in a religious way." "I've been living here eleven years, stranger, and I've never heard of any preaching in this town unless it was by some pilgrim who tried to do a littie persuadin' on the side to get enough money to leave town." Dan Schultz ignored the slur on his profession. He had come to G-, Wyoming, to hold gospel meetings, and while he was new to the West he had no extreme notions as to the sort of reception a minister should expect from the inhabitants of a lawless frontier town. "Have you a town hall?" he inquired. "You'll get the town hall!" The clerk laughed with amuse- ment. "See the mayor. He runs this hotel. You'll find him in the bar-room."

Mr. Schultz went into the saloon, which the mayor of the town operated in connection with a house of ill-fame. The mayor's bartender was the town marshal. The pair were the real leaders in G-. The young evangelist was greeted with a torrent of profanity when he made known his desires to the mayor, but met the abuse in courteous silence.

"Hold meetings Sunday night, eh ~ Gospel meetings!" The mayor continued to curse the preacher. "We're holding a dance in the town hall tomorrow night."

Suddenly a cowboy turned away from a gambling table and shook his fist in the face of the proprietor. . "I'm here to say that a stranger who comes here to do us good 974 gets his .chance as long as he's on the level," he shouted. "And if it comes to a :light, I'm ready."

Encouraged by t11is support from an unexpected quarter Dan Schultz drew a Bible from his pocket and read a short passage; then in a clear, sweet tenor voice, he sang a hymn and spoke a few words concerning his Saviour to the men about the bar and gamb- ling tables. When he had finished he turned to the mayor who had not ceased his cursing.

"This is the kind of stuff I preach, " he said.

The mayor, famous for iniquity, I was a coward at heart. The defi- ance of the cowboy had weakened somewhat his open opposition to the preacher. But there was a shrewd glitter in his eyes as he MR. AND MRS. DAN SCHULTZ compromised concerning a re- ligious meeting in town.

"We are going to have a round-up dance to-morrow night,"

he said, "and I win consent to your having use of the hall the first part of the evening, providing you stay to the dance."

"All right, I'll be there," assured the minister.

He visited twelve saloons that night, inviting the men and the women he found to the Sunday evening service. During the next forenoon he visited every house in the town, making known his business and extending an invitation to all to be present at the meeting in the town hall. When he entered the hall that night he found it packed to the door. After looking over the audience, and shaking hands with men and women, he stepped to the" plat- form and asked if anyone there could play the organ.

"Bell, show him what you can 'do" a man called out banter- ingly.

As a young woman came forward, Mr. Schultz was loath to permit her to take any part in the service, because of her dress.

But after thinking a moment, he decided that Jesus, his Master, would have given her the opportunity, after she had offered her services. She proved to be a competent musician with a good voice and sang two duets with the preacher. Then a cowboy demanded, "Where is My Wandering Boy to-night7" Everything went well with this old favorite until the second verse was reached when the

young accompanist hid her face in her hands and wept. The evan- gelist sang the song to the end without an accompaniment. Then he opened his Bible and began to preach.

After the sermon, the chairs were shoved back to prepare for the dance, which the man of God had promised to attend. But somehow the usual hilarity was lacking. About midnight the mayor came to the evangelist.

"You were out quite late last night," he said, "and no doubt you are tired. I am sorry I invited you to the dance. You may go on back to your room. The boys and girls are not having a good time:" .

"Is the dance over1" asked Schultz.

"No. "

"I promised to stay to the dance, and will stay till it's over."

During an intermission it was announced that gospel meet- ings would be held in the town hall every night that week. The people who were dancing received the information gladly.

. The young woman who had played the organ came to the hall early on Monday evening and told the minister that she would like to have a talk with him. She was dressed modestly, without the usual paint and powder. Seemingly she was a different girl. After telling Mr. Schultz her life story she declared that she was hence- forth going to live a Ohristian life. The preacher prayed for her and she prayed for herself; then both arose from their knees with the understanding that before the meeting began that night, she was to tell her story and her decision to serve Jesus Ohrist.

During that series of meetings many others" ,confessed and forsook their sins and accepted Jesus Ohrist as their Saviour and Lord; were baptized and became earnest members of the church that was organized.

One day as Mr. Schultz was passing a saloon, a fellow yelled from the saloOll: door, "There goes the parson." A cowboy who was riding by took his rope and threw it, just missing the young preacher's head. The following evening. this same cowboy rode into the town hall on his pony through the swinging doors, clat- tered up to the front, turned his pony around and said, j j Parson, excuse me, I just want to see Bill. Oome outside, Bill, r want you."

But the ruse failed to make the parson angry. The enemies of God :were seeking a plausible excuse to drive him out of town,but failed.

At another service, Mr. Schultz entered the building to find on a table, which he used for a pulpit, a glass of beer and a small glass of whiskey, with a note which read, "Parson, help yourself .when you are dry. ,., Underneath the top of the stand were a pint bottle of whiskey and a bottle of beer, and on each window sill there wer!;) empty bottles. The room was decorated, not so much to ad-

MY BROTHER ON THE FRONTIER

DAN SCHULTZ, THE LABOR EVANGELIST HOLDING A NOON·DAY MEETING IN 'fHE WEST.

vertise the saloon as to disturb the parson. During the sermon he did not refer to the saloon, nor the drinking habit. When the service was half over, he turned to a young man in the audience, and smiling in a friendly way said,"I never did like stale beer, won't you please throw this out and get me a glass of fresh wated"

After drinking a few mouthfuls of the water, he thanked the young man and went on with his sermon. If he had denounced the drinking habit, or the saloon, or the gambling business, he would have been run out of town that night. He had prayed for wisdom and received it.

Upon returning to his room, a gang of men ran out of a saloon with revolvers, firing into the sky and someone shouted: "Parson, they are after you!"

The preacher faced the hazers and said with a laugh: "Boys, what's all this about1" "You can go back fellows!" yelled a man on the opposite side of the street. "The parson is all to the good." From that time Dan Schultz had the confidence and respect of even the rougher element of the community. He organized a church which is now one of tbe most wide awake churches in Wyoming. At the first baptism in a pond about eight miles from town, the saloons and business hoU!'es were closed and the town turned out to the service. Several years later Mr. Schultz became a pastor in Pittsburgh. One day he was viewing a parade advertising a ,vild-west show

when one of the riders stopped at the curb and jumped from his pony.

"I'd rather see you than the President of the United States!" said the cowboy, as he grabbed the preacher's hand. "Do you know me~"

"I am afraid 1-" "Why, don't you remember the man who tried to rope you out in G-, Wyoming, some years ago?" "I certainly do. You can't be the man!" "I'm the fellow." The cowboy invited the minister and his family to the show where he introduced Dan Schultz as "the parson who was harder to rop«;l than an outlaw broncho."

Work Among the Woodsmen I N THE lumber camps of Maine there are at work some 35,000 woodsmen. These men generally speaking are a rough lot, but big hearted, wholesome and altogether good to know when you get near enough to them. Men of all nationalities and seemingly of no nationality mingle together, and night by night peacefully' assemble in the several camps, housing from twenty to seventy each. The social whirl of the city or even the country town is altogether unknown to the woodsman's life. There is little or nothing to do but sleep from dark to daylight which composes a large part of the twenty-four hours during the winter months. Sunday is the longest day of all. The camps are not supplied to any extent with reading matter. They receive little or no mail and the walking boss is almost the only visitor who comes their way at all. Their leisure time is spent, therefore, in chewing gum, swapping stories and mending their moccasins.

After a winter of hibernation, it is easy to understand why they feel somewhat in arrears in their social life, and flock to the city as naturally as the birds come north in the spring. They begin to look around for ways of catching up with the procession socially, and seemingly the saloon and its attendant evils is more readily geared up to their desires than is the Church and allied agencies. The men, therefore, have, for the last sixty years in Maine been the objects of prey for every "bootlegger that comes down the pike." Often times one week's celebration is sufficient to squander a man's hard earned wages of six months or even of several years. A man meets the lumber men at the train and treats them to some poor whiskey. They are turned over to the barber who again treats. The clothier and the hotel each follows suit. Meanwhile, the woods

WORK AMONG THE WOODSMEN

man is getting more or less under the influence of the intoxicant and before long he is out of the running altogether. 'fhen his purse is robbed of what it contains. While still unconscious of the performance the woodsman is handed over to the "Employment Agency" which ships him with his mates back to some other woods point, at so much per head, and there they awake to find themselves penniless. Again they take up their toil of felling the denizens of the A TypiCAL SCENE IN A WOODSMEN'S SHACK forest. Of course, this is not always the experience of the men but it has been generally so until the Young Men's Christian Association undertook to remedy the evils. The story is told by Jefferson C. Smith of Waterville.

To relieve such conditions and give the woodsmen a fair chance to recreate the Young Men's Christian Association opened work at Greenville Junction, in 1909. This is one of the chief points of entrance and exit to and from the woods. Many thought that it was a foolish experiment to establish the Association at such a point, and they laughed at the idea of these men patronizing it. The Hollingsworth & Whitney Company, one of the biggest lumber concerns, were however quick to realize the value of the work, and furnished the money for the erection of a building at Greenville Junction. From its inception in 1909 to the present time this building has been overcrowded with patrons of the lumber industry.

Approximately 16,000 men have taken advantage of the sleeping rooms, test rooms, social rooms, game rooms, bowling alleys, restaurant, savings department, hospital and other features. Each department of the work has filled a great need, particularly the restaurant, dormitories, savings department and the hospital. The secretaries have been able to persuade the men to save a large part of their hard earned wages and at the same time have provided good, wholesome amusements in the building and elsewhere that would be helpful and satisfying, at small cost.

There is no other hospital within ninety miles, so that the demands on the Association have been growing and four or five nurses have been employed all the while to care not only for the woodsmen but for their families and others in the immediate vicinity. They have suffered from every kind of an ailment 'from a broken head to a broken heart. The hospital is well supplied with facilities to work with, including an operating room with modern equipment such as an X-ray machine. It has been necessary to erect a separate building, and through the courtesy of Mr. E. L. Dean, one of the chief owners in the Hollingsworth & Whitney Company, sufficient funds have been provided.

The work at Greenville Junction has been so valuable that other lumber companies are ready to establish similar enterprises elsewhere. Plans are under consideration to extend the work very materially throughout that whole section.

The men appreciate all that has been done for them and have shown their appreciation in very substantial ways. They have not abused the privilege of the building. It has been a common occurrence to have several car loads of men come to the building practically all under the influence of strong drink, but, at the suggestion of the secretaries they have conformed to the rules of the house, which will not permit a man to enter the building with intoxicants on his person or in his grips.

THE LUMBER JACKS OF THE NORTH WEST The most famous HSky Pilot of the Lumber Jacks," the late Frank Higgins, spoke as follows of the need of taking the Gospel of Christ to these woodsmen: If a missionary is to do the most effective work he must be, as much as possible, on(> of his people. ' So I did not go on the river in the garb of a preacher, but with corked shoes, woolen shirt and slouch hat. Noone would have taken me for a parson as I tramped oyer the trail. I was no sooner in camp than the men dared me to ride 8. log. I knew I could not do this, but it would never do not to take .a dare like that. I could swim and closed the hole in the river behind me several times that day. There is a difference between Hclosing the hole behind you" and "drawing

AMONG THE WOODSMEN

A MODERN SANITARY LUMBER CAMP WITH MOVABLE HOUS E S IN A GREA'r AMERICAN FOREST the hole in after yOU." To" close the hole behind you" is simply to take a ducking, but to "draw the hole in after you" is not to come back.

One day some men from the camps came to my door asking me to go with them to a homesteader's shack, as one of their number was sick. They had brought him in from the camp and he had been asking for me. I went to his home and found his wife and children in much need of sympathy and help. The doctor told us he must be taken to a hospital for an operation. We placed him in the sleigh, took him to the station, put him on a cot, and I went with him to the hospital in Duluth. After a hurried examination the doctor told me there was no hope for him. I broke the news to him, and after telling me what he wanted to say to his family, he said, "Thank God, Mr. Higgi~s, you came to the camp." "What do you mean," I asked. " After hearing you preach that night," he replied, "I crawled into my brink and pretended I was fixing the blankets, but for the first time in twenty years, I was on my knees asking God to make a better man of me. I am not afraid to die, but before I go I want to ask you to go back to those poor fellows in the camps

and preach to them as you did that night; tell them of Jesus Christ and His· love. You may think they are hard to reach, but they have big· hearts, and as soon as they learn to know you they will trust you."

Look at the field for work among the "lumber jacks" in Minnesota. Start at Duluth and go west over two hundred miles, to the prairie land. Then start from Brainerd and go over two hundred miles north through the great timber belt to the Rainy River on the Canadian boundary. Here in the northeastern part of Minnesota it is estimated that there are more than 20,000 men toiling in the forest. In northern Wisconsin and northern Michigan, where they tell us all the timber is cut, there are in the winter season at least 20,000 more. In western Montana, Idaho, Washington, Oregon and California, there are from 20,000 to 50,000 in each state. The church has almost entirely overlooked this field in 'the past.

Twenty years ago the men logged by river, that is, they went the up the river far away from civilization, but they were far away also from the temptations of civilization. They were in l woods all winter, and many of them remained to come down on the "drive" in the spring. They were down but a short time when they again returned to their home in the forest. They were then spoken of as the hardy, brave, goodhearted men of the forest. But of late years they log more by rail. When a certain tract of timber is to be cut, a railroad is run through the forest. Long even before the road is finished small towns, consisting of log buildings and tar-papered shacks, spring up, the majority of which are saloons, gambling hells, and other places of sin. In towns of less than 2,000 people in the northern part of Minnesota, before prohibition came, there were 46 saloons, 20 gambling places and 5 large brothels. Twelve miles north in another small town where the stumps yet stood in the streets, there was no church and no schoolhouse, but several saloons. A mile and a half further was another town with 6 saloons; five miles further another town with 15 saloons; and eight miles further still one with 25 more saloons. These towns were all operating on the wide-open policy. Sunday was often their biggest day. Many times when one of these saloons was opened, the mayor, councilmen and county attorney were invited to make speeches; in fact, the opening of a saloon in the community was looked upon as a great event. Upon one occasion when one of the largest saloons and gambling halls in northern Minnesottl was opened, beautifully printed invitations were sent to many ladies of the town to attend in the afternoon. Public sentiment would .allow such things to take place and when some Christians dared to declare war on this wide-open policy, a cry went up that such a reform would ruin the town. Many of the townspeople said it was not the

WORK AMON~ 'tHE

preacher's place to be stirring up such a fuss, and some even refused to support the church any longer. Gradually public opinion turned in our favor, gambling halls were closed, brothels driven out and the federal government has stepped in and closed the saloons. Best of all, public opinion is now aroused and better government is demanded by the people. Thousands of woodsmen rej(jce at the change that has taken place.

One important branch of the. work is furnishing the men with good reading matter. The men appreciate magazines and religious papers. Some cannot read, but the others read to them. Some look at the pictures. Some have even learned to read in camp. Young men who a few years ago were in the ditch, despised by all who knew them, are today helping in the missionary work in the camps, lifting the men to a higher and a nobler life.

The one great difficulty to be overcome in this work is the getting of the right kind of men as missionaries. Theological students and ordained ministers are not always the ones that can do this work. General William Booth of the Salvation Army was once addressing a large audience in London, telling of his plans and how he hoped to have the Army in every country and city and town and village, when one of his hearers called out, "But, General, where will you get your workers 1" "From among those who are converted, " he answered. If God has raised up such wonderful men in the ranks of the Salvation Army, He can raise up men from among the lumberjacks. And He has.

We must not only establish recreation halls and hospitals at the entrance to camps but workers with the love of Ohrist in their hearts must go from town to town, from camp to camp, telling the simple story of the blessed Gospel of the Saviour of men. More workers are needed and more funds that the noble boys of the forest who have been so long neglected may have the Gospel.

Yet Word of God is Word of God In camp or pulpit told, And men of forest and of sad Await the story old.

'Tis time to hew away the sin That now the soul confines, And let a little sunshine in The· Parish of the Pines.

the Gospel to

Americans BY REV. eHAS. A. BROOKS, D. D.

Secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society N o HOME Missionary program can claim the ble'Ssing of God, if it ignores the need of millions of foreign-speaking people, from whom the most of the Protestant churche-s in America have steadily retreated and have abandoned t() the forces of unrest and discontent.

One of the encouraging signs of the times .is the awaken- ing of interest in these new Americans and the readiness of Christians to make a fresh survey of needs and opportunities for service among them. The difficulties of the situation de· mand a more vigorous prosecution of the missionary enter- prise, and the investment of life and money upon a greatly enlarged scale. One of the reasons for the renewal of interest in the foreign-speaking people is a frank alarm at the manife-st dangers from our past neglect. This enlightened self-interest may not be the highest motive, but it is not an unworthy one, for America is not safe unless those great truths which his- torically underlie our national structure can be perpetuated and retain their supremacy in our national thinking and conduct.

Our pretensions to a belief in true democracy, which is es- sentially a Christian conception, is arrant hypocrisy unless we extend it to all the people. The foundations of Christian Democ- racy are in character, and demand intelligent moral and spiritual preparedness. .

We have also come to appreciate more truly than ever be- fore the real worth and the genuine devotion of these new .Americans to their adopted country. There is a reaction against foreigners in the mass which ·has been in curious contrast with the most c.ordial appreciation of individuals of foreign birth whose sterling qualities have been demonstrated in countless ways; Notwithstanding all our individual successes and even tri- umphs in Christian missions we have made hardly any impres- sion on the thinking and conduct of the great masses of foreign speaking peoples in America. This failure certainly does not arise out of any inherent weakness in the Gospel, but rather from the program of the Christian Church. Four weaknesses in that program lie upon the surface, although they do not account for everything.

984

INTERPRETING THE GOSPEL TO NEW AMERICANS

First : We have depended upon a leadership which has been inadequately trained. We have committed to men who had only zeal and devotion to coIrimend them, one of the most baffling and perplexing tasks confronting the churches in America. Exceptions. to this only prove the rule. The day has passed when reliance can be placed upon untrained men. The, most thorough-going study must be given to preparation and special training for this leadership.

Second: The importance of an adequate material equipment has been largely ignored in our program for ministering to foreign-speaking groups. We have ignored patent facts and in the interest of a false economy have lost golden opportunities by resorting to the use of rented store rooms or unattractive shacks. I could demonstrate by many concrete instances' that the efficiency and influence, of community centers is usually in proportion to the adequacy of the equipment supplied.

Third: The lack of coordinated effort on the part of different evangelical agencies has been a fruitful source of dis- ,cord and weakness. Why should some dozen evangelical denominations, for instance, be crowded into Chinatown in San Francisco, with the largest investment in property and workers in proportion to population of any mis,sion field on the globe; while Italians, Mexicans, Russians, Portuguese and others in the same city are positively neglected 7 Fourth: One of the greatest weaknesses in our endeavors has been that they have been directed almost solely upon an individual scale rather than with a community outreach. The adequacy of the Christian Gospel to meet the need of the individual and transform the life is acknowledged, but we have not always proceeded as if we believed that this same Gospel is sufficient to transform a community. The missionaries on the foreign field have not failed to appreciate the significance of community life, as well as its influence on individual conduct. They have long recognized that a test of the Gospel triumph was to be sought in home and village social life as well as in the personal religious life of the converts. In America too there is no reason why, with wise leadership and generous planning, a Christian Community Center cannot be a, more powerful social influence than any social settlement that elects to eliminate all religion from its program.

Americanization has be.come in many circles a word to conjure with, but we must 'remember that the deepest needs of the foreign-speaking people are not material but spiritual, even though we may have often first to meet these material needs before we can meet that deeper need. Though the last foreigner should have learned the English ,language, and the last foreign woman should become expert in ,Almerican house-wifery, and

all should become loyal citizens and live up to the .American standard of physical well-being; yet their deepest need would not be met. No man, foreign-speaking or .American born, can live by bread alone. We are but offering a stone in place of the Bread of Life, if for the Gospel of God's saving love and grace, we offer them only an .Americanization program.

Religious liberty, which is the priceless heritage of every true American, may easily degenerate into religious indifference. Weare too often deterred from a, vigorous propaganda of evangelization by an instinctive dislike of being charged with proselyting. The charge was loudly made not long ago in the famous Carnegie Hall meeting held in the interest of Roman Catholic propaganda in France, in which Methodists and Episcopalians, came in for severe condemnation for their intrusion in France. No mention was made of the more than forty thousand proselytes that Catholics claim to have won from Protestantism to Catholicism in America. We dislike religious controversy, but we should not be deterred from a fearless proclamation of the Christian message. We are enjoying blessings today which our forefathers purcha'Sed at a great price. We are the protagonists of those who shall come after us. Here on the free soil of America is being fought out the irrepressible conflict between two irreconcilable conceptions of the Gospel. Father Vaughn is reported to have rejoiced in the ignorance of the peon peasants of Spain who' were rendered immune by their illiteracy and poverty from the dangers of modernism. We have a Gospel to interpret to the millions who come from lands where the Bible has been a closed book to the masses. The civil Jiberties of the world depend upon making the Gospel of 'Christ known to the people.

The Hospel cannot triumph unless it can be made known. We cannot wait for the slow prDcess .of :filling our inadequate mission halls We must take the Gospel out into the open. Street preaching has been carried on with great :success by most of our missionaries and unmeasured good has come from it. I want to enter a plea for the organization, upon an ambitious and dariug scale, of a religious forum where the foremost interpreters of .the Gospel may ha:ve a hearing. In Chicago during the pa'St two years Moving Picture Theaters have been secured for Sunday mornings and multitudes who would not have ventured into a Protestant service have, been eager listeners to the most thorough going presentations of the Gospel.

There should be several well edited and attractive periodicals which, will command the respectful attention of the thoughtful element among new ,A.mericans. The money needed to establish and maintain such periodicals would be a wise and rewarding

investment. We also need a higher quality of tract litera,ture giving a clear and convincing interpretation of such fundamental doctrines as the New Birth, Jesus the Saviour, The Kingdom of God, The Forgiveness of Sins, the Moral Imperatives of Christianity. Man's Relation to God, etc. If the Social Greed of the churches were to be translated into fifty languages it would go far to counteract the current misrepresentations of the a.t-. titude of Christian churches upon industrial and social questions.

We in America must have the wisdom a.nd patience to do the prelimina,ry work which our missionaries on the foreign field have been obliged to do when they have not simply translated the Scriptures, but by infinite pains have 'Sought to interpret the Gospel in comprehensible terms. We have the only Gospel in the world. It is the power of God unto salvation to everyone who believeth, but how shall they believe except we shall be able to interpret the Gospel in the light of their need ~ The situation is full ·of hope and promise, but we are summoned to a new and more daring endeavor to make Jesus Christ understood and loved. We mu'St make for Him the commanding place in our national life which alone will enable us to realize our dreams of brotherhood and peace.

THE FOREIGNER'S APOLOGY By T. A. Daly W'at for you call me "Dago Man," Yo married, Meester? Eh? How long? An' make so bad a face? Twalve year an' no got wan?

Ees no room for Eetalian O! I am sad for yo, my frand,- Eh! Why yo laugh at me? Een deesa bigga place? I sUIwose you are more better dan Excuse, I do not ondrastand; I am so strange, yo see. Da Dago man could be. But pleessa, Meester 'Merican, My "keeds ees no good breed," yo say? Ah, wal, ess mebbe not, I"ask you wait an' see. How long you leeve een deesa land? But dey weel be more good some' day Dan dose yo don'ta got; Eh, thirta-seven year? Ees onlu seexa mont', my frand, An' dey be strong 'Merican, More strong dan yo are, too. Seence I am comin' here. I wish yo geeve me time for try Ees notta many Dago man So skeenny lika you. An' see w'at I can do. So mebbe I gon' be, bimeby, O! please, my friend, no gotta mad! Shak' han' bayfore yo go. So good a J11an like you. Baycause I am so strong, I guess Excusa me! I am sO'sad For speakin' to you so. I gon' do pretty we!, So long I stand to beezaness, But w'y yo call me "Dago man," An' make so bad a face? An' jus' bayhave mysal'. My leeta childron, too, ees strong- Has God got room for Eetalian Een Heesa bigga Place? Eh? Yo no gota none? *. , Indian Ri5ef'Qlion __ STATUTE MiltS redera! Schoat • Non·AeseNation School ~25;m~~~~ ~-~~T • Boardln! School G.OfV • Day School o "'"stonSchca. ContTad • '-huion SchooI,Non·CorrtrKt • SanitOl"lum • InNne Asylum

Needs of American

UNREACHED AMERICAN INDIANS, AS REPORTED AT THEl WALLACE LODGE CONFERENCE '* BY G. E. E. LINDQUIST, ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS Representing the Joint Committee on Indian Missions of the Home Missions Council and Director of the American Indian Survey.

T HE survey of the American Indian field has proceeded along . three lines of research: (1) A study of the mission station and native churchestheir economic, s~cial and spiritual resources; (2) The Indian schools, both Federal and Mission-their educational status and the opportunity presented for a unified religious educational program; (3) A survey of the 147 reservations and other communities where Indians are to be found in any appreciable numbers.

Reports have been received from 110 reservations and communities, 274 churches and mission stations, 126 Government Schools, including non-reservation, boarding, day and tribal, and 16 mission schools. The Indian survey as such is practically two-thirds complete.

In the Survey of 'Unreached Fields forty reservations have been surveyed in eleven states, representing an Indian population of 48,833, divided into 52 tribes and tribal bands. Approximately one-seventh of the entire Indian population of the United States lives on these forty reservations. Reports were also presented covering the non-reservation Indians of California (14,497) and Nevada (3000). The term, "Unreached Fields" includes areas where there are (1) Pagan Indians for whom no provision has been made, either by Protestant or Roman Catholic missionary agencies, and (2) Tribes or portions of tribes partially occupied either by Roman Catholics or Protestants-where the work needs immediate strengthening and where some readjustments as to allocation of responsibility are in order.

The total acreage represented by the 40 reservations is approximately 32,063,729 acres or an area almost equal in size to the New England States. Of this vast area 29,421,564 acres still re- of Coun-err.!de~Lneg c";;~~cilb~f aW~:e!a~~~ tf!:~,. Mfssl~~s l~t~r~n::salh:tde~nv~fla~~e L~~~~ ¥;~ti~~~ N. Y., September 28-29. a conference to consider urgent Indian needs growing out the recent intensive survey cond~cted under the auspices of the Interchurch World Movement. Official representatives of Boards and agencies doing work among the .Indians were in attendance. Three sessIons Were devoted to reports covering different phases of the needs revealed by these surveys, followed by discussion and recommendations as to the allocation of responsibiUty. "the "eed~ the re.rpoflsibilit" and 'the method constituted tile chief points of emphasis In sll the sessions at the conierence.- G. l. li;. I.. 989

main unallotted. It is well to remember here Bishop Whipple's words: "No man becomes civilized until he has something that he can really call his own."

Topography plays an important role. Fifteen of the forty re- servations are mountainous. Rivers and mountain ranges divide the Hoopa Valley reservation in California and the Colville in Washington into distinct districts where it is exceedingly difficult to go from one to the other. The Quileute reservation on the Pacific Coast (Washington) can be reached by boat only. Seven reservations are in the lake region of Minnesota where there is much swampy ground and well nigh inaccessible to travel. On one of these reservations there is not even one mile of road.

There are 10,776 Indian households listed on these 40 reservations, but only 945 families live in organized white communities. This is open country in a very real sense. As yet there is no great movement toward the cities on the part of our first Americans.

Reports on the fluctuation of population for the past ten years are as follows: 16 report an increase due to better knowledge of health and sanitation; 11 report a decrease due to epidemics, removal from reservation and tuberculosis. The influenza epidemic claimed 250 deaths on the San Carlos reservation (Arizona) alone. Eight are" stationary, ,. showing no perceptible population changes, up or down. Poverty is not generally prevalent. However, among the Pai- utes on the Fort McDermott reservation (Nevada) it affects 100% of the population. On twelve reservations the Indians suffer keenly from commercial exploitation, every trader having a special price (always higher) for his Indian customers: On nine reservations the marriage laws are not uniform; five to fifty per cent of the marriages are by law, while a large percentage are by "Indian custom." On the Fort McDermott reservation 5% are by law and 95% by Indian custom. The number of legal divorces are comparatively few, while the number of separations are on the increase. On the whole, however, family relations have undergone a change for the better the past ten years. This is evidenced in the position of women among these Indians. On eleven reservations her position is "now one of equality" and decidedly better compared to 25 years ago-all of which is attributed to Christian influence.

On nine reservations a man's social rating on becoming a Christian is one of increased respect. On five reservations it means practical ostracism and a real sacrifice. Five report no Christians at all and three very. few who have come under the influence of Christianity.

Race prejudice between Indians and whites is a rapidly diminishing factor. In some instances, however, Indian children are not

URGENT NEEDS OF AM,ERICAN INDIANS

permitted to attend public schools (Oalifornia and Nevada). An intereflting side-light is thrown on race prejudice in Arizona where Indians are said to be the aggressors. Often they have no sympathy for "the white man's road." There is the dark back-ground of suspicion created during the "century of dishonor." Institutions which have the most marked influence towards social and material progress are first the Ohurch and second the school, though they stand in juxtaposition on some reservations and of course have very little influence in certain others.

Religious denominationalism is not strong among Indians, and where evident it is usually fostered and nourished by white lea<lers. The Indian knows little about cooperation. He has little conception of organized life aside from his tribal ways of doing things. Social organizations are conspiauous by their absence. Oommunity life finds expression largely through feasts and dances. Some of these are of a religious and ceremonial nature, but most of them are social in their appeal.

Among other harmful practices should be noted the use of peyote, the Indian cocaine; tulapai, a native intoxicant used in the southwest, and gambling. The latter is especially prevalent on 26 reservations. On the Pyramid Lake Reservation (Nevada) 95% of the men and 98% of the women indulge-apparently without any restraint. There are 162 schools on these 40 reservations but 3,382 chil- dren of school age are without adequate school facilitie·s. Should we include all the Navajos we must add at least 5000 more. On twelve reservations public schools are not available to Indian children, either because none are within reach, or on account of race prejudice. The percentage of illiteracy shows a decrease the past ten years.

Superstition is fast losing its hold, although on six reservations persecution and ostracism is still visited on those who disregard the old Indian customs. The influence of "medicine men" (which includes the old Indian religions) is decreasing. On one reservation the following legend tells the story-" all died, no new ones. " Let us hope there will be no resurrections. On the Tule River reservation (Oalifornia) the last one quit ten years ago. General enlightenment due to Ohristianity, education of the children, contact with the whites and increased medical knowledge, has served to break the spell of the "medicine chief."

NEED OF TRAINED LEADERSHIP The great need is for a trained native Ohristian leadership. Today there are but few outstanding native leaders. Very little is being done in a constructive way to foster the training of such a leadership. The need is urgent for a central interdenominational

institution for the training of native leaders from all parts of the United States.

In report on "Non-Reservation Indians of California and Unreached Fields of Nevada," presented by M. K. Sniffen, secretary of the Indian Rights Association, who devoted six months to the Indian survey work of the southwest, the following is of special interest: Why are there about Ip,OOOnon-reservation Indians in California 1 In 1851 and 1852, as stated by Congressman John E. Raker at a hearing before the House Committee on Indian Affairs on March 23, 1920, "a duly authorized' United States Commission secured the signature of about 400 California Indian chiefs, the heads of bands or tribes," to eighteen documents purporting to be "a treaty of peace and friendship," by which certain described areas were to be "set apart and forever held for the sole use and occupancy of' said tribes of Indians."

These treaties were submitted to the United States Senate June 7, 1852. They were never ratiiied, but were buried in the secret archives of the Senate until January 18, 1905, when the "injunction of secrecy" was removed by the adoption of a resolution introduced by Senator Bard, at the request of the Indian Rights Association.

According to the summary given by Mr. Raker at the hearing on March 23, 1920, under these treaties the Indians agreed: (a) To cede their rights in lands to the United States Government.

(b) To keep the peace. '

(c) To accept the sovereignty of the United States.

(d) To accept certain reservations, 18 in number, aggregating about 7,- 500,000 acres described in said treaties by metes and bounds, worth at the Government price of $1.25 per acre about $9,500,000.

The Govermnent agreed: (a) To pay the Indians certain wms in goods amounting to about $1,- 800,000. (b) To reserve in perpetuity for the Indians' use and enjoyment different reservations specified in said treaties.

(c) To provide schools and other necessary buildings.

(d) To provide skilled instructors in farming, blacksmithing, and wood- work, supervisors and such assistants as should be found necessary.

Said instruction to be continued as long as found necessary by the President.

The treaties were entered into, were complied with by the Indians; the Government accepted the agreement and accepted the land and disposed of it, and the treaties were in possession of the executive department and could have been returned at any time and could have been approved at any time later if desired, but were not. Both parties proceeded as though the treaties were actually

19201 URGENT NEEDS OF AMERICAN INDIANS

approved, but the Uuited States Government never on its part carried out the terms of the treaties.

Because of this failure. of the Government to ratify the treaties, these Indians were without any land rights that the whites would respect. Estimates of their number vary, but it is believed that in 1850 there were approximately 200,000 Indians in Northern California, and that as a result of ruthlessness, famine and disease about 180,000 of them perished within a period of fifty years.

Following an investigation by Special Agent C. E. Kelsey, whose report was submitted in 1906, Congress has made annual appropriations for the benefit of these particular Indians, from which small tracts of land have been purchased for their benefit; and in other cases they were encouraged to take allotments on the public domain. At the time of my visit to California, officials of the Indian Bureau were making an investigation to ascertain how many of these Indians were yet without land.

Of the 14,497 non-reservation Indians in California 3,653 are reached by Christian missionaries and 10,844 are under no Christian influence. These are scattered over forty counties and divided into three groups: (1) those who have taken allotment on the public domain as homesteaders; (2) those living on small tracts. of land purchased for them (in recent years) by the Government, and (3) those without land, who are living in rude shacks, as squatters, on the corners or rock piles of the various ranches, or any spot where they can locate until told to "move on."

Among the first class, there is an upward tendency in the matter of improving housing conditions, and there is some improvement among the second class. The third class, however, can hardly be expected to make any progress toward permanent home building for obvious reasons. Naturally where housing conditions are poor, health conditions are deplorable. In some localities tuberculosis and trachoma are very prevalent, and in others there is only a trace of the twin plagues. I think I am conservative in estimating that in class 1 (approximately 3,500 Indians) the percentage of trachoma is 10% and tuberculosis 15%. In class 2 (approximately 4000) the percentage of trachoma is 15% and tuberculosis 20%. For class 3 (approximately 6500 Indians) where sanitary conditions are worse, the percentage for both diseases is naturally higher, probably 20% for trachoma and 25% for tuberculosis.

Of the 3000 non-reservation Indians in Nevada, approximately 10% are reached by Christian influence. On the Fort McDermott Reservation, 120 miles from Wimmenucca, there are 323 Indians, but no missionary work has ever been attempted at that lonely outpost of the frontier.

As the Indian, more and more, becomes an economic factor in meeting the demand for labor on the ranches, the railroads and

the other industries, the prejudice now existing is bound to be les- . sened. If these 3000 non-reserva.tjon Indians could be brought under the influence of strong Christian men and women and given an opportunity to develop materially and spiritually, the Indian problem in Nevada would soon be solved.

In presenting" An Adequate Program for the Navajos," Dr.

T. C. Moffett, Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Home Mis- sions, U. S. A., pointed out that this is the largest tribe numerically in the United States (31,500) imd occupies an area equal to the .. size of Pennsylvania. Eight Protestant denominations are at work on 22 stations. The types of work are evangelistic, (camp work), educational (four mission schools) medical (6 hospitals and dis- pensaries). There are 52 white workers and 24 native (some serving part time as interpreters). The great need as voiced by one of the missionaries is "man power and equipment which is woefully lack- ing." It is estimated that there are 7,500 Navajo children of school age without adequate school facilities. – "This is a challenge to Christian America" Dr. Moffett declared. .

"The Present Situation in Oklahoma" was discussed by Miss Edith M. Dabb, Y. W. C. A. Secretary for Indian Schools, and "A -Suggested Community Program for Eastern Oklahoma" by Mr. J.

Hybert Pollard, Director of Religious Work, Haskell Institute, Lawrence, Kansas. It was pointed out that such a program must be supplemental to and cooperative with the resident forces; that the work must be a project demonstration method extending over a period of years. In McCurtain county where there are 2,750 I.qdians of the Choctaw tribe the three outstanding needs are health, religious education and recreation.

. "Religious Education in Government Schools" was discussed by Dr. A. P. Wedge of the Elliott Foundation, who emphasized the need of following up the Indian Student Volunteers,-young people in Governme:qt schools who had recently decided for Christian lead- ership in any walk they might. enter. Mr. Pollard gave an encour- aging report from Haskell Institute showing how a unified pro- gram of religious education can be worked out on an inter-denomina- tional basis. The need of the right kind of religious educational lit- erature was instanced by Miss Ethel Cutler.

The most significant feature of the Conference was the Re- port of the Committee on Unreached Fields. Definite allocation of responsibility for the neglected and partially occupied fields was made for the forty reservations already surveyed and for certain non-reservation groups in California and Nevada. It was also voteCl that the survey be carried on to full completion. To insure this the Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., the Indian Rights Association and Board doing work among the Indians were urged to allocate the workers.

Work of the Roe Indian Institute

BY MISS LEE McCg~E O VER three hundred thousand Inmans in the United States speak fifty-six languages or distinct dialects among the dif- ferent tribes, but one sign is language common to all! Just so there is one outstanding need among the three hundred thousand Indians-namely Chr·istian education. To meet this need the Roe Institute has been established on Wichita, Kansas.

A beautiful sixty-acre site over- looks the city and on it are a clus- ter of cottages and wide-eaved barns. Eleven young Indians en- tered the first year in 1918 repre- senting eight different tribes.

The leader of the Institute, Rev.

Henry Roe Cloud, is a full-blood Winnebago, a product of Santee, Oberlin, Yale University and Au- burn Theological Seminary.

The Institute has a very large aim; to be the central powerhouse that shall electrify and unify the confused tribes with all their di- vers tongues, customs, religions and conditions. Undenomination- al in its teaching, interdenomina- tional in its working, and conduct- ed by the Indians themselves, it appeals to our best American ideals and traditions.

Indian reservations are scatter- HENRY ROE CLOUD edhere and there over our wide land, and each has its government school with secular and indus- trial education for the children; "but," said one of these Indian boys, "white people may get away with it without Christian ·prin- ciples, but we Indians can't. No matter what skill of hand or training of mind, unless I have Christ in my heart I cannot stand."

He meant that tribal ridicule and persecution, with the inborn in- clination to laziness, drink, immorality, drifting and wasteful liv- ing, can only be met by strong, Christian character. So the Roe Institute comes to supplement the teaching of the government school with spiritual knowledge and training. The Bible is given chief place in its broad curriculum.

995

Fairmount College has opened its doors to the students temporarily; Class rooms are separate, but the Roe students have all the privileges of the library, gymnasium, chapel and campus. The white students mingle kindly with the Indians, taking pride in their keenness of intellect, wit and high ambitions, especially their athletic and musical abilities. This contact with the best element of the white race is the young Indian's best means of overcoming his intellectual isolation, of making him feel at home in the new civilization of America.

A BEGINNING-COTTAGE HOMES AT ROE INDIAN INSTITUTJ> The young men's work in the dairy and upon the farm largely supports the school, and the contribution to the country's crop is not insignificant. Each boy is earning his $150 board money, but under the direction of an agricultural specialist, so that he is gaining knowledge as well as wages. Education by doing and religion in daily living are basic principles of this institution which seeks to be to the Indian (What Tuskegee is to the Negro.

Rev. Henry Roe Cloud (adopted son of Dr. and Mrs. Walter C. Roe) is preeminently an example of what religious education will· make of the red man. His story "From the Wigwam to the Pul~ pit," which appeared in the REVIEW for April, 1916, is not merely a literary gem iIi autobiography, but a vivid picture of Christ-life infused in the virile but paganistic Indian of this generation. If the fifty-six tribes scattered over America could all have trained Christian leaders our. long tangled Indian problem would be solved. It is to make these tribal representatives strong characters,able to govern themselves and their people that this school has been founded. The American Nation's debt to the long defrauded race must be paid by giving the Indians a Christian education and opportunities for living a truly Christian life.

the Kurds of

BY BLANCHE WILSON STEAD, HAMADAN, PERSIA Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

T EN years ago, when it became impossible to itinerate ex- tensively on account of the disturbances incident to the revolution that made Persia a constitutional monarchy, Mr. Stead and I turned our attention to the Kurds. Previous to that time we had spent about three years traveling about the Rammadan field in an attempt to visit every village and make a map from which we might judge the possibilities of reaching them effectively.

As the Government became more and more lax the villagers were possessed with a spirit of unrest. The mountain peoples soon took advantage of the opportunity for robbery and blackmail and we were obliged to find some center from which to work. Among the mongrel Turko-Persians of the Ramadan plains we had found an excessive amount of fanaticism. Stones were thrown at us frequently and many times we thought it wise to leave a village before the people were astir in the morning, while our servants felt under the necessity of inventing reasons for our being there.

The Sultanabad plains offered a better proposition. The a.gents of the Zeigler Carpet Company had come and gone among them for a number of years and they had got over, to a certain extent, their suspicious inquisitiveness regarding foreigners. Again in the Malair, Nahaven, and Borojaird districts the population was mixed Lurish origin and had more the stamp of the tribes-people; but they were poorly governed and more than usually active in highway robbery. Bijar and its villages offered great inducements and there we first came in contact wit}! women who owned property and manipulated the affairs of their own villages.

But the district about Kermanshah seemed to call loudest for permanent occupation. For some twelve years Ramadan had had a 'Substation with an Assyrian pastor who preached to a few Jews and Catholic Chaldeans on Sunday and taught a little school during the week.

One of the principal things that attracted us to the Kermanshah field was the fact that the pilgrim road passes directly through that district, bringing pilgrims from every part of 997

Pel'sia and from Russian Turkestan, the Caucasus and Afghanistan, on their way to the Shiah shrines at Kerbella, Nejef and Kathimain in Mesopotamia. In nine rest houses (or ends of caravan stages) from Kangavar to Kasrishirin, the caravanserais are full every afternoon and evening during the season of pilgrimage. But that work remains for someone else to do. The rapid development of the work among the Kurds, in spite of a continuous procession of opposing circumstances, occupied completely our little force of workers and all ,of our own time.

There could scarcely be a more favorable place in which· to undertake a direct evangelistic work for Moslems than among the free, independent and hardy tribes who inhabit that portion of the Kurdish mountains which falls within the limits of the Province of Kermanshah. We found them a hospitable, kindly people, ready to respond heartily to every attempt at friendliness. Safe in their mountain fastnesses they have had nothing to ask from, and as little to give to any government. They are therefore free from the cringing qualities f01IDd in subject ra.ces on the ,one hand and from the arrogant traits of ruling peoples on the other. Away from the cities where the' religious leaders hold sway over the formalities of prescribed worship, they carry lightly the burdens of Moslem law. For the most part they are a nomadic people, following their fl6ck~ and herds from the plains of Mesopotamia where they winter them, to their summer pastures in the Elvend Ranges two huI).- dred miles away. There they come in contact with people from country and city, mountain and plain, and as their stamping ground lies across the great pilgrim route they hear tales 'from many countries, all of which help in the development of cosmopolitan and democratic ideas and provide food for thought and conversation. They laugh and joke and sing as only broadminded, thinking people can and a,re no more like the longfaced narrow, bigoted Moslems of the cities than a mountain cloud is like the smoke-laden fog of a big city.

T'o reach these people was the problem. Highway rob~'ry", blackmail and all sorts of brigandage are popular practices among them. Tribal warfare is rife and blood feuds are common. F,oreigners are supposed to be loaded with wealth and very few spots among the mountains have been visited by them. By force of circumstances we were pushed into a much better way than we could have planned. "God moves in a mysterious way His wonders to perform," and when we sometimes stumble into His pathway and follow it back a little to see from whence it has led, we wonder why we did not see the Hand that was moving the circumstances of our lives. to shape them to His own ends. We could not get helper,s. from our schools in other

19201 AMONG THE KURDS OF KERMANSHAH

stations; Kasha Mooshi who had been a long while in Kermanshah had a little family growing up and their mother was grieving herself and the whole family sick to get them back to Urumia where they would be in school and learning their own language. Mirza Ibrahim, the Arab convert, who with his wife ,Malakeh had labored eight months in one of our village'S and had won twenty converts, was having- hemorrhages and had to be sent to Mesopotamia, where the altitude is lower. The one Jewish convert, who gave promise of being useful and had been sent to Ramadan to school with a view to the ministry, decided that the Bank offered a more profitable proposition.

We reviewed our little flock of converts. to see what we could find. One young Jew could read and write well, another could read and write badly, and later a third came who had a f<"1;ir education in Persian and French. The first two had done business among the Kurdish villages. The third knew only the dialect of the city and that not very well. All had had the required reading and study for applicants for baptism. Without delay Mr. Stead assigned them a, number of chapters in the Old Testament and a like number in the New, provided them with report blanks that he had prepared, allowed them to choose their own districts and sent them out. Their choice of di'Stricts and later observation soon brought to our attention the wonderful feasibility of this method. We found that there was a Jew shop in practically every village in the mountains. Two Jews lived in each of these shops. They were brothers or cousins, or sometime'S only bl1si~ess partners. They traded principally in cheap calicos, muslins and in the yarns that the village women use for spinning. It would be hard to find a Jew in Kermanshah who had no relatives in this kind of work.

The Jew shop made a starting point for our men. They had a place to which they could go and make headquarters, friends who were in a position to introduce them and give them pointers, and a place to which they could return without coming all the way home. It i'S wonderful how much help we have received from Jews who are not Christians but are interested in the work that their relatives are doing . Our evangelifts meet the Kurds at these shop'S, go about to the honoos with the peddlers, get acquainted with the chiefs and their families, drop a suggestion that the missionaries would probably make them a visit if they were invited, and are themselves the bearers of the invitation and the medium of an introduction that usually ripens into friendship.

It was, at first, as great a surprise to the chiefs that we were willing to be their guests as it was to U'S that they would receive us. When the evangelist returns to the city Mr. Stead

. puts on. file in English from the carefully prepared reports the iteIIlS that he wishes preserved, gives the student an examina- tion on the portion of scripture aHsigned, appoints a new les- son, takes the account of the trip, pays a certain amount of the monthly salary and sends the man off again.

There have been many hindrances in the development of the Kurdish work. .It was begun in the midst of revolutionary disturbancel'l, when the brother of the deposed Shah was rousfng all Kurdistan to rebellion j and the country had scarcely set- tled itself into the normal condition of ordinary disorder when the great world war began and Kermanshah found herself in the middle of the highway of the nations. Our evangelists had scarcely become acquainted with their distric.ts before we had to bring them back to the city to keep them from being arrested as spies by one or another of the warring nations. Famine, typhus and "flu" followed in the wake of war, and gave us all more than we could do in saving life, and evangelistic itineration had to be left for a more convenient season. Everything seemed to be against the campaign that we had planned.

But here again we came upon God's mysterious way and beheld His wonders. The very things that seemed to oppose brought about far more quickly than any organizing that we could have done the conditions that we sought. The revolution, the establishment of the constitution, and all the attendant disturbances brought with them a democratic atmosphere that influenced in a special way a people naturally freedom-loving and potentially independent. When the terrible famine came and the British Government undertook to create good will by meeting the awful need with work, wages, r'ations and seed for their devastated fields, Mr. Stead was asked to take charge. of the work and they came in thousands for food. When the crisis was over we found ourselves acquainted with our field in a way that would have taken years to accomplish under ordinary circumstances.

As to the present positiON and condition of the Kermanshah work, all of Kurdistan contained within the borders of the Kerman·shah Province, i. e., our entire field, is open and friendly, with most of the tribal chiefs personal acquaintances of ours and many of them warm friend'S. Some thirty converts scattered among the villages are supporting themselves at their ordinary work without persecution. 'Thirty-nine Kurdish children in our home are being trained to go back as teachers, preachers, Bible women, or just as Christian men and women, to be used for God's harvest right there in their homeland. Our baby missions of a few years ago have grown up and the expense of caring for them has grown with them, and will grow until they are self-supporting.

~)M" BE ST

-"" – -u-11 iiII-'"'''-''''-''''@ MRS. E. C. CRONK, EDITOR, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK MAKING THE MOST OF MISSIONARY MAGAZINES WE would scarcely kno~ how tq live in a magazineless world. Yet we are. far from ~kmg the ,?ost of our missionary magazines. The followmg suggestlOns for usmg magazines and for increasing their circulation, while based largely on THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF T~E WORLD, may be adapted in many cases to denominational mag- azmes also.

THE PRIVILEGE OF INTRODUCING It came to pass on this wise. As I sat down sighing because all my "May I have the privilege of in- friends could not hear, I thought of troducing you to Dr. Blank?" said a a certain magazine to which Dr. friend of mine as she stood beside a Blank was a contributor. The very great man. address which had so inspired me was to be printed there. From month to Every syllable of the trite phrase month his best thought would there thrilled with pride in testimony to appear. Then I became a SUbscripher estimate of the greatness of that tion agent. Mine should be the priviprivilege. lege of introducing a great speaker to his audience. Nay, not one speaker I coveted a similar privilege in turn, only, but many. Heretofore I would for were there not many of my have been filled with pride at sitting friends who had longed to meet the beside them on the platform and insame great man! I shook his hand troducing them to the waiting audiand he shook mine for one fraction of ence, while I would have scorned to a minute between his letting go of the have stood at the door, or gone among hand that just preceded mine and the my friends securing subscriptions to reaching. for the hand that followed the magazine which would introduce in . line. ~ murmured something them to many whom their words which he did not hear and he replied would bless. By securing .subscripwith something I did not understand. tions for the MISSIONARY REvn;w OF Then I passed on, wishing neverthe- THE WORLD and securing funds with less all the while that I might have which to present subscriptions to misth~ privilege, of introduting all my sionaries in many lands the privilege fnends to him. When I heard him of the introducer has been mine. make an address my wish became a longing. "Oh that my friends could Oh ye who sigh for contact with the hear him!" My wish has come true. great leaders of the world's work, and My longing has been realized. I have long to introduce them to your friends, introduced him to hundreds of a plain ordinary subscription blank friends. They have heard him speak, spells not a be-littling agency but a not once only, but many times, and great opportunity. have been blessed in the hearing. Some of them live in isolated moun- . No New York, or Boston, or Philatain homes, some dwell on western delphia, or Chicago, or any other prairies, some are in great cities and magazine headquarters can employ some are in foreign lands across the the staff that can introduce people of sea.

1001

every state and every church to the 10. A Woman's Missionary Society great facts and thoughts of our de- gives as a bridal present a year's subnominational and inter-denominational scription to every bride in the congremIsSIOnary magazines. Subscription gation. lists will run low until we realize that he who secures a. subscriber has done 11. One woman makes out an itina work that may be as far-reaching erary for her magazine. She lends as he who secures a great speaker. it to Mrs. A on Monday, to Mrs. B It is a privilege worth accepting. on 'Wednesday and so on, in the hope that she will eventually interest them WHAT SOME PEOPLE HAVE D~NE to the point of subscription. .

Some who have recognized the op- 12. A pastor gives as part of his portunity presented have made use of Sunday service a short survey of it with missionary magazines in the world conditions as revealed by his following ways: study of missionary magazines.

1. Secured clubs of subscribers and 13. A girl on small salary gave used the commission allowed to send Every/and to the Orphan Homes of complimentary subscriptions to mis- her denomination in her district. sionaries. 14. One far-sighted investor made 2. Given a subscription to a friend a gift to send Everyland for a year to who was not interested, in order that every institution for children in the he or she might become interested in world-wide missions. Many have State of New York. testified to the far-reaching blessing 15. One woman mailed her magathat came to them by ~uch a gift of the Review. zine as soon as she had read it to a friend who was teaching. in a moun- 3. Loaned copies to friends, calling tain school. attention to a certain article, with the request that the magazine be returned 16. A mother had always in her by a definite and not too far distant home two missionary magazines. The date. son who later gave testimony of their influence in his life was Cyrus Ham- 4. Put the magazines in city libra- lin. ries. 17. A Scotchman who was much 5. Bought substantial covers for interested in missions gave a subscripthem and placed them in reading tion to a missionary magazine to a rooms and waiting rooms. minister who was not greatly inter- ested. That minister is Dr. Robert 6. Subscribed for them for college Horton of London who made such a Christian Associations and reading profound impression on the Kansas rooms. City Student Volunteer Convention. Dr. Horton says he keeps four or five 7. Studied the list of various insti- bound volumes of the MISSIONARY tutions in the community and throughout the church and made sure that REVIEW on his shelves "as a monuthe magazines were available for Or- ment of a conversion." phan Homes, hospitals, schools, clubs, community centers, etc. A DREAM 8. Secured list of missionaries of By ELSIE SINGMASTER their denomination and raised or given a fund sufficient to send magazines to Elsie Sing master's stories are well known each missionary or at least to each to readers of Ha'jer's, the Century, Atstation. lantic Monthly an other magazines. She recognizes also the power and influence of 9. Voted from the treasury of the the missionary magazine. "A Dream" was Mission Board a fund sufficient to written on the spur of the moment when give a subscription to every mission- the Biennial Convention of the W'omen's ary as part of necessary equipment. Mis.l'ionary Society of the United Lutheran Church in America was looking for some- thing to stimulate magazine subscriptions. By adaptation it may be used effectwely to present the Missionary Review or any denominational magazine.

BES'f METHODS

CHARACTERS: I learned my letters ere I talked; I read before I toddled; A Dreamer, who may be dressed in cap and gown. I've been to colleges galore; I've never been befuddled The Inquisitor, who may be' dressed in an exagger.tted academic fashion, with a By any questions ever framed; long coat, goggles, etc. So bring on your Old Bogy; Mrs. Bays, who should wear medals and I'll answer, then I'll question him, carry many books. Until his head is groggy.

Mrs. Gates,. wha should carry a suitcase, ENTER MRS. GATES steamer rug, handbag, etc. Mrs. Gates: Mrs. Smith, young and elaborately dressed. Mrs. Drury, who should carry a broom, The brains that picked me far their choice Show wisdom quite uncanny. duster, etc. Mrs. Magazine, a young woman dressed To Mrs. Bays in wisdom, I Am fit to be a granny. as old lady, in cap, and skirt, made from covers and pages of a missionary peri- I got my learning journeying round. odical, and carrying a copy of the maga- zine in her hand. From Pole to Pole I travel; t:.

ENTER DREAMER There's nothing that's too hard for me, Dreamer: In an instant to unravel. An Ancient Mariner there was, That woman knows but what she's read. Wiho, when he was a wandering, Her learning is mere frothing; A strange adventure chanced upon, I can describe from actual sight; Which kept him ever pondering. And questions? They are nothing.

And henceforth he must often teU Dreamer: The story of his troubles. With this my dreaming spirit leaped. No matter if his hearers fled Who else did we require? And vanished, like soap bubbles. But they've been asked, so let them come, N ow, in the watches of the night, And join our able choir. 1, too, have seen queer visions, ENTER MRS. SMITH Which I propose here to relate Without the least elisions. Mrs. Smith: A fearful shack disturbed my heart; My name is Mrs. Chumleigh Smith! I've never had a rougher; My name was Flossie Forey; I thought that our Society I've learned to play according to A hard ordeal must suffer. The System Montessori.

We were to be examined well. No studying has marred my life; By whom? From us 'twas hidden; No traveling save for pleasure; The nature of the test also. My forte is telling stories good; We merely were all bidden I have them without measure.

To meet and choose four spirits keen, ENTER MRS. DRURY Who should for us do battle, Mrs. Drury: Before a stern Inquisitor, And I am Mrs. Drury. Though Who'd listen to no prattle. I've never been to college, Wernet, we talked, we wept, we thought, And never saw a distant land, And finally selected, And have no text-book knowledge, Our champions learned, four in all, And all the rest rejected. Experience long has been my guide, Of teachers it's the best, Befare you each will now appear, And bravely tell her story, If practical matters are discussed, Trust me to lead the rest. So you may know the accamplishments Which were ta win us glory. Dreamer: ENTER MRS. BAYS Again I sighed with deep relief. The Inquisitor might come! Mrs. Bays: I'm Mrs. Chalmers W5.ndsor Bays. I ope'd the door and in he walked, His looks quite struck me dumb. My name was Susan Coolidge; I've all the medals ever cast, ENTER INQUISlTOll And almost all the knowledge. Was ever stranger creature seen? His goggles were like hoops, His hair stood out, his coat-tails waved, His ears were like great loops.

He strode along and eyed our band, Mrs. Magazine: Shaking his solemn head; The Pacific Ocean holds this Isle, And shouting loud at Mrs. Bays, From Spain to us 'twas ceded, And this is what he said: Because a coaling station there, Inquisitor: The U. S. A. had needed. You say you krtow all sciences, Dreamer: You say you've krtowledge cherished I Poor Mrs. Gates and Mrs. Bays, Then tell us who the Nestorians were, Both so cast down and humbled, And when and where they Bourished. Hold hands, while now to Mrs. Smith Dreamer: The trying stranger grumbled. This question startled and confused. Inquisitor: Poor Mrs. Bays quite wilted; The third test yours is, Mrs. Smith, And thus she spoke, with trembling voice, You that were Flossie Forey; And face with shame down-tilted. Tell us, since that is your strong point, Mrs, Bays: A clever little story. I never heard of such strange folk, But let it be a foreign tale, The Andes Mountains rangers, Of children in Japan, The J aps, the Turks, the Copts, I krtow; Or Malay people, or Chinese, But these to me are strangers. Turkish or African.

Dreame,.: Dreamer: The queer man glared; our hears sank Poor Flossie Forey hung her head, down' She didn't even squeak, One of 'our four had failed us; When from the rear a strange, new voice While from the rear, that round strange The questions answered for us. voice Mrs. Mag'azine: Began again to speak. Nestorians were a Christian folk, Mrs. Magasine: Who preached unto the heathen: In Century One they did their work, I know a hundred foreign tales; I'll tell you 0 f a man, And left a pious leaven. Who meant to drown his little girl Dreamer: Until his heart began . To Mrs. Gates the stranger turned, To melt at thought of her small size And with a frown saluted: And cunning little ways; He bade her now show Quickly off And then he saved her, brought her up- Her wisdom so reputed. I'll tell you how it was.

Inquisitor: Dreame,.: You've traveled o'er the world, you say, The stranger cried, And still you go and come, Inquisitor: Then tell me where on earth it lies, Dreamer: Enough! Enough! ~he famous Isle of Guam. And fixed his piercing eye Dreamer: Poor Mrs. Gates grew pale, then red. On Mrs. Drury. On her alone, Could we by now rely. Her temper, it was furious; She answered back that horrid man, If she fails, then we're lost indeed! What then shall we all see? With anger truly serious. What punishment condign, severe, What direful penalty?

Mrs. Cates: Again he curled his savage lip. The Isle of Guam? There is no Guam, O! Mrs. Drury arise!

At me your fun quit poking! Prepare to save us, if you can I, of them all, refuse to be And face these cruel eyes!

A victim of this joking. At her at once he loudly cried, Dreamer: Inquisitor: Again spoke out the saving voice, To you this part belongs, Slowty, but not with languor. If you saw coming driver ants The queer man thought it Mrs. Gates, In crowds and ftocks and throngs, Repenting her wild anger.

BEST METHODS

What would you do, you know so much, Mrs. Magazine: Your experience is so wide; "I saw it in my paper."

The ants are comin¥ quickly on, Dreamer: The remedy provide! Then Mrs. Gates rushed up to hear, Drt(J~": With shame so nearly dead, She seized the lady by the arm, We saw each twinkling beady eye We saw each tiny thorax And this is what she said: We felt as if we'd be devoured, Mrs. Gates: Until she shouted- The Isle of Guam, how did you know Mrs. Drury: Where was that foolish flace? Tell me, and for the Isle 0 Guam, Borax! I'll set a rapid pace. Dreatmlr: Before the monster could object, Dreamer: The lady folded placid hands, And jeer at Mrs. Drury The voice behind us sweetly said She cut a little caper, Said she, while triumph filled her eyes, Mrs. MagGl!1ne: Why, I should run Iike fury I Mrs. Magazine: "I found it in my paper." Dreame,.: Then, Friends, there happened a queer Dreamer: Then pretty Mrs. Chumleigh Smith, thing The stranger didn't blame us She that was Flossie Forey, Nor did he say we all had failed, Ashamed, addressed that lady smart, But gave us fine diplomas. Who knew a foreign story. (Stranger presents diplomas and badges , and departs) Mrs. Smith: Oh please tell me where yoU found, Our answers were correct, he said, Our erudition wondrous, Your little foreign story! Such entertainment is for me, He gave us each a handsome badge, And then he vanished from us. The only path to glory.

The mystery could not be solved, Dreamer: To despair we all were ready; Again the lady clasped her hands, When Mrs. Smith recalled to us, She cut a little caper, . The voice of an old lady, Said she while triumph filled her eye, Who'd answered when our knowledge Mrs. Magazine: failed, ."I read it in my paper."

About the old Nestorian, Dreamer: Mysteriously she'd saved the day At last e'en Mrs. Drury came, She must be an historian. To ask for source of knowledge, She thought she should have known of We. turning, saw a curious sight, The friend who knew all nations ants Though she had known no college. A lady, sweet and old, bedight, With many decorations. Mrs. Drury: 1 know that driver ants are fierce, (MRS. MAGAZINE COMES FORWARD) That borax would not tame them; Dreamer: But tell me, who told you to run The first to speak was Mrs. Bays. Aud thus alone to treat them? Mrs. Bays: Oh, how are you so clever? Dreamer: 'The lady folded placid handi, Nestorians, where'd you hear of them? When I heard of them never. Aud cut a little caper, Said she, while winking with one eye, Dreamer: Mrs. Magazine: The lady folded. placid hands, "I take a little' paper." She cut a little caper Dreamer: Said she, while triumph filled her eye, But then a clamor loudly rose,

First Mrs. Bays protested, Why, nothing is as cheap as this! Then Mrs. Gates and Mrs. Smith Some papers cost five dollars I Their patience had been tested. For this much nothing you can buy, No shoes, or frocks or collars. Mrs. Bays: M~ father thousands gladly paid No paper is so cheap as this, And none is so improving, To let me go to college! So all subscribe, extend our fame, Mrs. Gates: Now, girls, we must be moving. My father all his money spent, (Exit, all but Dreamer) To send me out for knowledge! Dreamer: Mrs. Smith: The lady went, and so did all, My system many dollars cost, That class who'd failed so sadly, I thought it was enough! And I awoke to find a dream MrS. Drury: Had made me feel so badly. I've taken fifty years to learn, My tale is told, and now I go, I call this pretty rough! Trusting you see its meaning, Mrs. Bays: Henceforth, when puzzling questions come, How many thousands did you spend? May we, on no one leaning.

Mrs. Gates: Be able, like our placid friend, To get your education! To cu.t a little caper, Mrs. Smith: And say, while triumph fills our eye, I'll promise all economies! "I know! 'Twas in my paper!"

Mrs. Drury: Introducing "Miss Friend" Or any abnegation! Quite irresistible is the plea the Dreamer: Methodist women are making for a Then finally this queer old dame, wider circulation and a wider reading of their Women's Missionary Friend Addressed the eager ladies; in the presentation of the dialogue She smiled, her trying placid smile "Miss Friend," prepared by Mrs. O. N. Townsend. A sample copy may be As if they were but babies. secured from the publication office, She waved her paper in the air, 58 Boylston Street, Boston, Mass. While Mrs. Drury pouted, How to Use Magazines 'Twas Lutheran Women's Work she had And this was what she shouted- A MISSIONARY REVIEW PARTY.- For small groups ·as well as for larger Mrs. Magazine: ones a MISSIONARY REVIEW party will I pay three quarters for this sheet; provide a delightful variation from our usual missionary meetings. In- From it I get my knowledge; vite as many of the guests as will to Three chocolate Sundaes does it cost; wear costumes which in some way represent the REVIEW. Amazingly 'Tis good as any college. clever originality is developed in ama- teur costumes of cloth or paper. It used to be five good ke creams, Award a year's subscription to the But now the cost of living designer of the best costume as voted by a committee. Appoint in advance Has sent it up a little bit; different guests to represent each de- To save enough I'm striving. partment of the current issue. Have menu cards prepared in advance an- It gives me news of all the church, Of home and foreign missions, From it I've learned most all I know In many easy lessons.

I'm not afraid of any man I don't care how he thunders, I can match everything he knows, With just as many wonders.

So, ladies, next time don't postpone Your study till a crisis, But take and read your Woman's Work And as for rise in prices-

BEST METHODS

nouncing only table de hote service. So may a Feast of Missions be Let the "Menu" be introduced by a served in any church that has a mind presentation of the cover page and the to have a week day missionary meet- frontispiece in a most effective way, ing in the church or in the home of followed by serving "Editorial Com- one of its hospitable members. ment" in quick, spirited review. The second course should be made up of COMMUTING POSSIBILITIES. – A "Contributed Articles" served by a leader in missionary circles reports number ·of people in short talks. Fol- that a business man of her acquaint- low with "the Home or Foreign Bul- ance found a copy of the REVIEW on letin," as the case may be, presented his wife's desk. He became interin the most interesting way possible. ested in an article and took the maga- "News from Many Lands" may fur- zine with him on the car. He formed nish material for a wonderful salad. the habit. The REVIEW became a Select the most interesting items and regular part of his commuter's readhave them presented in a few sen- ing schedule and every issue was read tences by different people. Items as he went back and forth to his work. from foreign lands may be given by a group of girls in costume. "Best INSERTS.-Give to some one the Methods" may be made delectable by definite assignment of reading mishaving some young woman propose sionary magazines with a view to in a spirited and convincing way the gleaning short striking items that may methods which should be adopted or be inserted in church bulletins or adapted in that particular church or parish papers. society, and the "Book Reviews" can be served as a concluding course by B U I, LET INS YS T EM. – Many someone who presents one or more churches are looking about for work books. Last of all, new subscriptions to be assigned to variQus people. A for the REVIEW should be received. combination of the wall space of our Sunday-school rooms, church parlors ";!I1ISS FRIEND" A LADY WORTH KNOW· and churches with the facts published ING in missionary magazines offers pos- sibility which would be quickly 5eized by any progressive business house. Appoint an individual or a committee to study available wall space, black- boards, bulletin boards, etc. Also the number and character of meetings to be held, and the possibilities of speak- ing impressive messages through facts and pictures displayed in various ways in a regular and systematic way from day to day.

CHARTS Too. The pictures from various magazines offer good chart possibilities.

CLIPPINGS AND ExcERPTs.-Editors of college magazines will find that there are many items about colleges of mis3ion lands which are worthy of place in their publications if the col- lege missionary committee is on the lookout to furnish them.

MAKE YOUR OWN BOOK OF METH – oDs.-A chairman of the missionary committee of the Y. W. C. A. in one college made into a book all of the "Best Methods" from the REVIEW

and from other magazines. The book then their hearts did not fail them is turned 'over from year to year to for, notwithstanding the fact that the new chairman. Many presidents none of them had been accustomed to of local societies are making an spending Sunday afternoons with a "Ever-new Book of Missionary Meth- missionary journal, they knew any- ods," by this installment plan, not fail- thing to which Miss Blank invited ing to add some pages of their own them was worth going to.

home made, tested and tried recipes. After preliminary greetings each PROGRAM SUGGESTIONS-A Moslem- guest was handed a pencil, and a paper Christian Debate as gi,-:,en in the Oc- containing thirty-five questions. After tober REVIEW will make a good addi- the questions was a blank indicative tion to a missionary program. It will of the length of answer expected. The be more effective if presented in answer to every question was to be costume. found in some article or news note EIGHT Boys AND GIRLS AND A SUN- in the REVIEW. For nearly two hours DAY AFTERNOON. Those were the there was a lively searching party at principal ingredients but the affair work, though the comments and the would not have been a success if it exclamations coupled with the eager- had not been for the young woman ness of each one to reach the goal of who was always looking for mission- thirty-five correct answers, and the ary opportunities, the young man who circulation of a box of "fudge" made always helped her make the most of the moments pass so rapidly that them, and eight copies of the MIS- every one was surprised when time SIONARY R!;;vIEW OF THE WORLD. The was called. Then a basket was passed young woman had been thinking much which contained ten slips of paper, of the way those eight boys and girls, on each of which was printed a sub- who lived in her community and be- ject for an after-supper speech.

longed to her Sunday-school, were Speakers were told which articles in spending their Sunday afternoons, and the REVIEW contained material for she did not like what she saw. The ,their speeches and given fifteen min- boys and girls were all either four- utes for preparation. Then the whole teen or fifteen and were keenly inter- party gave eager advice and con- ested in investigating everything from tributed diversified gifts to evolving bird life in their own parks' to hous- from a chafing dish an appetizing hot ing conditions in the South Sea dish to be added to the sandwiches, Islands. salad, and sweets already prepared.

They were keenly interested also After supper each speaker was given when they received "The world with three minutes on the assigned topic.

a string to it." The world was a There followed a spirited discussion small card board miniature. On it of world conditions, then, a half- was printed "The world is yours." hour walk to church.

To the string was pasted a strip of The ushers were delighted at the paper on which was printed "but you unusual request for seats for a party must investigate." On an inside sheet of ten young people at the evening was this invitation: service. The choir was also much cheered by the sight of some young "Tour of Investigators. Leaves Miss faces in that usually empty pew that Blank's on next Sunday at 4, Lands at the music rang with unusual melody. the church at 7 :30. Meals en route in- Moreover the pastor, who had faced cluded." that empty space of these front pews every, Sunday night for months, was All of the eight had been previously inspired to preach an unusually good instructed that they must beg, borrow sermon and reports of it brought out or buy a copy of the latest MISSION- a larger congregation on the follow- ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. Even ing Sunday evening.

BEST METHODS

As for the investigators, they went thanks. Then we have either a short home convinced that after all mission- tall.:: by the pastor or by a number of aries were not so uninteresting as they members calling attention to the situa- had thought, and that missionary tion in various mission stations and magazines were not "dryas sticks," presenting the call for prayer. If the while the young woman who was look- statements are made by members pre- ing for missionary opportunities and viously appointed by prayer meeting the young man who always helped her committee they are of only several make the most of them, were content. minutes each, being held to the brief- What She Did est form possible to present the situa- tion so that most of the hour can be . She was a woman who did things. given to praise and intercession as the "Tell me," I said as I settled myself progress of the work and the needs comfortably beside her in the path of are stated. As the congregation goes my methods hunt, "four ways you 'out the members of the committee use missionary magazines." hand to each one a card on which is She laughed. "Whenever I have written the special causes for praise to produce four things I always think and prayer with the page of the magaof 'something old, something new, zine on which the item appears, noted something borrowed and something so that all of the members may be praying definitely every day at home. blue.' "Now as to 'something old.' I " 'Something borrowed.' Well, we found I was having an accumulation have made quite a feature of lending of various missionary magazines our magazines. Each subscriber has a circle of members, who are not subwhich was ever growing in un-used, scribers, assigned to her. One of her dust-collecting piles, so I went over duties is to lend her magazine and to them and made clippings of articles lend it so tactfully and effectively that and stories on different countries. she really gets her uninitiated neigh- Then I made loose leaf scrap books of them. The covers were plain card- bors to read some article, or story or board with the name of the country .poem, or look as some picture.

printed on back and some pictures "Possibly my 'something blue' is pasted on. I had sheets of white paper best of all. We found the folks that punched with two holes for inside were shut-in were often discouraged pages. One book of poems has en- and blue. They had had an over dose abled me to gather in one place where of self, so we have our Readers' Divi- I can lay my hands on them at any sion, which is made up of members time the best missionary poems from who agree to slip in to various 'shut- every source. My books have become ins' to read to them. No matter what a veritable reference library for all else they take in the way of reading the people in the church who want material they always take a mission- material for papers and talks. Since ary magazine and we have found that they are on loose leaf sheets I can when we get some folks to think of 1end them all together or in sections. other people in the world besides "As to 'something new' as soon as themselves they are cheered more my new missionary magazine comes than when we read the funny Qur prayer" meeting committee gets papers to them. Then too we have together and we base the next prayer found that great blessing has come to meeting on the needs revealed by the our members who have given this magazine. We begin with prqise for service. We are careful to send just the work that has been accomplished, the rig-ht folks to the right folks, and Qne person or sometimes two or three to caution a wise selection of poems being appointed to tell in a few words or stories or articles and advise against Qf items for which we should give an over-long stay."

Ideal Missionary

A Bible Study on Proverbs 31 :10-29.

BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.O., CAIRO, EGYPT A paper by Mrs. D. Z. Sheffield in The Chinese Recorder (March, 1919), deals ably with the status, preparation and work of missionary wives, but, as Matthew Henry tells us in this chapter of Proverbs, we have "a looking- glass for ladies which they are desired to open and dress themselves by: if they do so their adorning will be found to praise and honor and glory at the appearing of Jesus Christ'"

The Old Testament portrait of the perfect woman is a gem in literature.

Like all Scripture it has universal application for all times and all nations.

The writer, an Arab chief, Lemuel, is perhaps describing his own mother (d. context and marginal note), and shows the high ideals that prevailed in the Orient before Islam came in to lower the standards of home life. The description, because of its many Orientalisms, especially suits the heroism of the task and the environment of the mis5ionary wife and mother. Of the Christian workers on the foreign field more than sixty per cent are women, and more than half of t1,ese are wIves of missionaries. They are a constant illus- tration of that Christ like "inverted homesickness which loves and longs and labors and suffers for a land and people not their own."

An abridgement of the description in Proverbs is found in the New Testa- ment (I Timothy 2 :9, to, and I Peter 3:1-6). In the Hehrew the chapter in Proverbs is an acrostic, each verse beginning with a letter of the Hebrew alphabet in order. This acrostic sums up womanly virtues as the following analysis shows. 20 Social service and liber- In Verse 10 The strategic value of ality.

home. 21 Foresight in household 11 Veracity and sincerity duties.

as foundation of char- 22 Artistic sense and taste acter. Beauty as pow~r.

12 Goodness a fountain of 23 Justifiable pride-* influence. 24 Business capacity and 13 Diligence that is con- administration.

tagious. " 25 Strength of character 14 Enterprise that ministers and a joyful disposition.

to CO:11 fort. 26 Sweet temper in telling IS Industry and dIvision of tre Good News.

labor. 27 Good management and 16 Economy of resources- fru!!ality.

missionary salary. Strong health and exer- In Verses 28, 29 Motherliness and wifely 17 virtue.

cise-the climate. 30, 31 Her g'ory and reward, now and hereafter. 18 Efficiency of plan and program.

19 Self-help and industrial . training. St1ch high ideals challenge missionaries to take account apew ~ the talents committed to their trust, and consecrate them all to Christ's service. They make ridirulous the tabulation of missionary statistics under three headings, namely: .. Men; Sipg:e women, Other women"! Nho would classify as such Mary Moffat, Harriet Vaterbury Scudder, Anna Hazeltine Judson, Mrs.

Hudson Taylor. Mrs. John G. Paton and other miSSionary wives who form such an honored host!

* Matthe-w Henry says "hecause her husband appears clean and neat in his dl ess and even,,·hing about him dt'Cf'nt and handsome, yet not gaudy, one may know that he has a good Q."jfe at home thM takes care of his clothes."

10lD

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY MISS FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK THE MISSIONARY PROGRAM AS A members of the Program Committee GUIDE TO SERVICE are the trustees of spiritual re- By MRS. JOHN FERGUSON, White sources whether of personality or Plains New York passion. They are the discoverers Program-building is not always recognized as a function of service. of fields for the application of these The thought of service should be the dominant motive in its prepara- resources. They are the guardians tion. The program will prove to be either the strength or weakness of a great treasure, the executors of the Missionary Society. Pre- pared by a committee charged with of a noble trust. that responsibility it presents a list of leaders, topics and devotional ex- Four fundamental principles de- ercises providing for two hours of spiritual cultivation once each termine progr?m building. as an aid month. These programs, often somewhat detached, have large to service. There must be a clear value. but the flow of interest and service is too intermittF'nt. They purpose in mind. Is the program are like channels of California yai- leys overflowing in rainy season, to entertain, instruct, inspire, or de- but dry in other seasons. But the ~'e1op ? These are vital elements. . program that lays tribute on the spiritual qualities d mE'mbers, that :Sut .do they sum up the final end crordinates the aims of organized church forces, that proiects its in- III vIew? If so, the program is in terest rn the whole field of s('rvice sends forth a stream of unceasing ·a measure fraunidtlessc.ultivInastitorunctioarn~ influence. It is net the spiritu'll en- inspiration, thusia~m of a single afternoon a month. hut a cultivation of the rich- worthy accomplishments but until est sfJiritual qualities and an expres- sion of the purest spiritual min- they are so compacted into service istries throughout the seven days of ~hat th~r take fire they are largely each week of the month. Such a program is like ·the c"annel of a mert. They were all filled with fruntain fed by the unf:liling reservoirs of the upI2nds.. The visirn of the Holy Spirit. and began-." Not the prrgram as a means of cultivation and a ficld for service will en- until they BEGAN did that flame ahle t"e program committee to make their work vital and a chal- become a contagion in the hearts lengl! to the devoted women of the congregation, and winsome to tl'ose of the unsaved. ' who are as yet uninterested. The There must be definiteness. Pro- grams and messages are alike weakened by mere generalHies.

There must be continuity. Each program shculd m:lrk a distinrt ~d­ vance toward a climax and eacli feature in the program should con- tribute to that end.

There must be coordination. De- votional exercises, Biblical mes~ sages and original productions should be in harmony with the general theme of the program.

The aim in ptcgram"building must be kept constantly before the committee. It is to deepen the in- terest of those interested and create new interests. It is to develop interest in the uninterested and draw them into the organized movement. It is to relate our lives definitely to the life and condition 1011

of those whom we study. It is to sustained enthusiasms for the broad produce practical results in de- field of service that are not fed by veloped prayer, dedicated life, and intense and reasonable loyalties to devoted money. It is to create the home church. The Interchurch community consciousness by pre- W:orld surveys are invaluable. A senting commtlnity needs. It is to carefully kept scrap book for cur- develop the sense of individual re- rent events is a mine of treasure. If sponsibility. An essential aim is we are to develop community con- to produce capable leaders. This sciousness we cannot be indifferent searching qqestion should be. kept to present-day economic questions, constantly in mind. Are our and in this field Government women who possess qualities of pamphlets are available. There is leadership being developed by par- much material of equal value that ticipation in our. missionary pro- cannot be mentioned here.

grams? What quality of leader- Maps, attractive postet:s, and ship have our programs developed carefully selected pageants are con- and is it found in sufficient quan- tributory means of translating facts tity? In every sphere of organized into the life-service of members.

life, educational, social, and po- The committee's work is not com- litical, capable leadership is a su- pleted when the formal program is preme need. Surely leadership is printed and distributed to the mem- the crying need of the Christian bers of the Society. The archi- Church for bringing the Kingdom.' tect's work is not finished when the But how can leadership come out blueprints are placed in the hands of the cultivation of mere feeling of the builder. He must give wise and sentiment, however spiritual? direction and painstaking super- Not until life passes through the vision until the building stands discipline of service is it ready to forth complete to fulfil the purpose receive baptism into the vocation of of its erection. In like manner the a fruitful ministry. stewardship of these spiritual build- We survey briefly our material ers is a sacred trust to be executed for the building of the program. in faithfulness toward a completed We have at command Mission task.

Study Text Books affording a wide "Give diligence to present thyself apfield for selection. Reference books proved unto God, a workman that are essential. If each of a number needeth not be ashamed, handling of members will purchase one they aright the word of truth." 2 Tim. 2:15. can be secured without financial My Friends–an Introduction burden and later can be placed in By ALICE W. S. BRIMSON the library of the church. The Executive Secretary of the Christianiza.- management of Public Libraries tion Americanization Department of the are often willing to purchase more Woman's Baptist Home Mission Society.

expensive books of reference which "A new-found friend is a new- are of permanent value to the li- found joy." New friends I have braries. TH1~ MISSIONARY REVIEW found this winter who have broad- OF THE WORLD should be provided ened my view and deepened my ap- to keep in touch with the world- preciation, women whose friendship wide work and problems. Reports I count most dear. May I infro- of t he Federation of Woman's duce some of them to you?

Boards of Foreign Missions, of Turn down the board walk Council of Women for Home Mis- which leads to the rear of the sions, . of Home Missions Council building. Up the narrow, steep are most valuable. Denominational stairs we climb. The big collie is pUblications should be used loyally. the first to greet us, strangely out We have little confidence in the of place in the wee little fiat which

THE WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

boasts no back yard. Then comes baby in most approved American Katie, with her cheery smile and style and is anxious to learn to hearty handshake. We all sit in talk better and be "all American" the immaculate kitchen. Katie for his sake. While we' sit and wants to learn English. She wants have refreshments, her eyes -will to speak so "sweet," drawing out shine if we talk of the beauty of the word "like an American." the homeland.

"Do you know what soul is, Mrs. Tsaikos lives in a house on Katie?" the back of the lot in one room and an alcove. Here Mrs. Tsaikos "Yes, thoughtfully, "soul is lives with her twin boys of four, heart-live forever." and the smaller lad of two, and, of course, the baby. She has two To form our rounded letters chairs, and the bed and table and seems hard to Katie. I place my stove so nearly fill the room that hand around hers as once, many we could not be far away from years ago, the teacher did for me, the stove. We try to explain to and move her fingers to make the Mrs. Tsaikos our errand. strange letters. Oh! the joy in her face when, after painstaking "N0 English, Greek," is the aneffort, at last she has written her swer with a shake of the head.

name. "We teach," is the reply. Katie tells of the little cottage But again, "No English, Greek." Then, from a shelf, she brings in Hungary with the dirt floor and a pencil and paper: "You write– the· thatched roof. "Oh, maybe man read," was the request. you don't think my house is very With more smiles we leave, nice," she says as she looks about promising "Next Wednesday." her little rooms, "but oh, I wish The next week she smiles her my mother could see it! She welcome and brings the chairs, would think it is wonderful." and we try again.. "Chair, stove." We never had enough to eat at She repeats it, and this time my home in Hungary. Many a night visit ends after a very successful I have seen my mother take the lesson. This must be the beginfrying pan and put it on the ning of a long series of visits. stove; then she would put in flour, Sometime, after she has learned to without any fat, and stir and stir love me, I can tell her of the until it was brown, and then put Friend who loves her more than I in water, and that soup was our do; who knocks at the door of her supper." heart just as we did at the door of her little backyard home, and "But do you really love Amer- then, if I introduce Him, perhaps ica, Katie?" she will let Him in.

Raising her hand, with a look It is hard to be a stranger in a of reverence the answer comes, strange land when the language "Before God, I love America." is all unknown. It is hard, in Katie is never idle. All day she these days of high prices, to make crochets or knits. She is now the family income go rjJund the planning a curtain made of :filet family needs; but when you are a crochet for the glass door. The widow it is infinitely harder. pattern on it is to be the Statue There is much that an American of Liberty. friend can do for Mrs. Costakes. She has five sturdy children, all Another friend of mine IS Mrs. loyal Americans. A few weeks Piccininni, from sunny Tuscany. after Christmas was the Greek She is sure to greet us with a kiss and welcome us gleefully into her pretty home. Then there is Mrs. Macros who is taking care of the

New Year and, according to the Is Amelia coming to sewing custom of the old land, Mrs. Cos- school ?", Her eyes shine. She will takes prepared to take the whole family to the Greek Church; but soon be ready. She has finished to her surprise she met opposition. her work, and it is well finished "N0, Mother," said the oldest boy, too, for there is no speck of dust "Weare not Greeks. Weare or disorder in all her domain. Americans and we have to go to Amelia loves the mission and is school today. We canot go to the never absent when it is open. Greek Church." What hope does the future hold for her except through e'e m;s- "And I want to be an American, sion? Her friends there must take ton," Mrs. Costakes said, as she the place of her mother and in- told the story. But, if being an terpret America to her, its snares Amt"rican means abandoning the and its glories, as her father can- religion of the "old country," is it not. not the obligation of Christians in America to substitute the bulwark Swet,;t-spirited servIce to a of our religion? stranger is the key which un- locks the door of such friendships Down a narrow walk we go be- and brings to m'Lny a new Amerbetween two houses, until our prog- ican the first Christian interpre'"aress is disputed by a great, big tirns of the new land; and to the hog. He dnes not deign to recog- older American the enrichment of nize us. Neither does he make a new friendship. This is the true any attempt to follow us up the method of Americanization. back stairs. Amelia is a housekeeper, though she is only fourteen NEW AMERICA' years old. Back in Amt'lia's mind is a memory of the distressing day, J. By MONTGOMERY WILSON two years ago, when in another house than this, she was startled Lord 'God of nations, hear by the srund of a shot in the next Thv people when h fear rcom. Crushed by a weight of care, so heavy it set'med she could On Thee they call; no longer bear it, the Polish Heal Thou our bleeding land; mother forced her way out of this Help us henceforth to stand, cold world, and left to the little Kept by Thy powerful hand,. daughter the bloody vision, the crowd and excitement of many Our all in all. women coming and going and gossiping, and the realization that Our wanderings we con fess, she must fight against the hard- Our utter Ioeedlessness ships that her mother could not face. So, in these two little Of all Thy love; rooms, she keeps house for the Help us to seek Thy face, father who cannot yet speak the Turn from our wicked ways, English language. And trust Thy saving grace, "!Thy don't you go to night Father, above. school?" we asked him. An embarrassed laugh follows our question. ' Forgive our greed of gain, From arrogan-::-e res.j.rain "Two cld for school," Amelia explains. He is ashamed to go. By Thy great power; We tell him that he can come to the So shall OUr ways be Tight, mission and there he can learn the Thy Sabbaths our deli"ht, English. Fa;<h be complete in sight, From that good hour.

God help us to receive The chast'ning Thou dost give, With humble mien; Then wars on earth shall cease, Our land shall yield increase. And Christ, the Prince of Peace, O'er all shall reign. Bisbee, Arizona.

* From the Christian Observer.

fROM MANY

NORTH AMERICA industry, if ever there is an eighteenth amendment to the Materialism VB. Spirituality Italian ccnstitution.

WHEN Sadhu Sundar Singh, Well known physicians, promi- who recently visited England nent educators and distinguished and America, was asked to give scientists led the discussions, which his impressions of America, in- covered the scientific, economic, social stead of mentioning the greatness and historical aspects of alcoholism. of the cities and success of business ~nterprise he described the AProhibition and the Salvation Army materialistic atmosphere that per- SALVATION Army officer, vades the country, and the mani- quoted in the daily press, defest indifference to things spir- clares that "the deserted appearitual. The parable of the man dy- ance of the Army's industrial. ing of thirst while adrift on the homes is the best proof of ·the ocean was used to illustrate the effectiveness of the prohibition abundance of the spiritual Christian amendment." Seventy-five per c~nt doctrines so saturated with the of the men who worked in the salt of materialism that the re- industrial homes were confirmed ligious thirst of Americans can drunkards, and were representanot be satisfied by them. tives of all trades and profes- sions. From the various de- Int£'rnational Congress Against Alcoholism partments of their industrial en- terprise, the Salvation Army THE International Congress realized an annual income of against Alcoholism convened more than a million dollars. all in Washingt0n, D. C., September of which was put into expansion 21 to 26. This was the fifteenth of their service. The lack of session of the Congress since its drunkards will mean that other foundation in 1880, <'nd the first work must be taken up. They in almost a decade. The last Con- plan to establish clubs in indusgress met at Milan, Italy, in 1913. trial centers, to build hospitals, There were delegates in attend- and meeting houses, and to inance from the Arctic Circle, Ice- augurate some defimte work to land, Finland and Russia. Scan- save young boys. dinavia, the new republics of Poland and Czecho-Slovakia, the Fund to Aid Russians democratic kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes were all rep- THE will of the late James resented. The Antipodes and all Stokes of Ridgefield, Conn., of the countries of Central and makes provision for organizing South and North America, Eng- the "James Stokes Society, Inc.," land and France, China and Japan a philanthropy founded by him were likewise represented, while for "Young men in Russia and Italy, in addition to its formal elsewhere," and closely affiliated delegation, sent a commercial rep- with the European Y. M. C. A. resentative with an exhibit of un- Committee. fermented wines to show what can be done with a great native Mr. Stokes founded the Y. M.

1015

C. A. in Paris and in Rome, and Interdenominational Evangelistic under the old regime in Russia Association." Plans were made for supported the "Miyak" or "Light- raising a budget sufficient to enable house" in Petrograd, which con- ducted classes for 3000 young the general secretary, Rev. P. E. Russians. The assets of the Zartman, to devote his time to the James Stokes Society amount to "promotion of evangelism, not evangelists." Steps were also more than 1,000,000. taken to raise the standard of re- quirement for membership, and it Lithuanian Methodist Church was decided to issue a magazine in the interest of evangelism. SOUTH BOSTON has a colony of 10,000 Lithuanians among The Negro in Business whom Rev. S. Geniotis is building up the first Lithuanian Methodist THE Negro's commercial prog- Church in existence. Classes in ress has been remarkable. In- English and religious education are conducted for both children creasing numbers of his race have and adults, and several Lithuanian shown unshakable evidence of that young men are training in Boston soundest principle of American University for religious work. Al- business success-thrift. In 1866 though the writings of Robert In- the Negroes of the country North gersoll have been translated into and South owned 12,000 houses, Lithuanian, and are widely read operated 20,000 farms, conducted I by these people, there are no 2,100 businesses and had $20,000,- Christian hymn books, catechisms, 000 of accumulated wealth. Fifty Sunday-school lessons, or other years later the number of homes material for religious instruction. owned had increased to 600,000, The lack of Christian literature in one out of every four, the operated Lithuanian is a serious hindrance. farms to 981,000, the number of businesses to 45,000 and the ac- Home Mission Evangelism cumulated wealth to $1,110,000,000. In 1867 four hundred Negroes were A FUND of $50,000 from the engaged in about forty lines of Methodist Centenary appro- business; in 1917 they were en- priation will be used in a wide- gaged in two hundred lines and spread evangelistic campaign by had $50,000,000 invested. Today the Southern Methodist Church. there are seventy or more safe and Twenty men are already at work sound banks in the hands of cap- in the home mission territory of able Negro financiers. Already the South and West. New work members of the race have received has been opened up in the moun- grants for a thousand patents. In tains of West Virginia, in Ten- 1866 the valuation of property used nessee, New Mexico, Arizona and for higher education was $60,000; Oklahoma. Miami, Arizona, a in 1916 it was $21,500,000. For the town of ten thousand inhabitants, same dates the valuation of church has but one Prot~stant church, of property increased from $1,500,000 only twenty-five members. A re- to $76,000,000. Were the figures cently appointed missionary of for increase along all lines for the the Southern Methodist Church last five years available, a much has undertaken work there. more marked contrast would ap- pear. New Name for Evangelist Organization Inter-Racial Committees in tlie South HE Interdenominational As- T sociation of Evangelists at a THE community idea for inter- meeting held at Winona Lake, In- diana, changed its name to "The , racial understanding through the joint leadership of white and

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

colored people in each community the Indian problem in this country has spread into many Southern is not to be found in merely incities and towns, and has resulted creasing the material resources of in many practical reforms. Recent the Indian people, giving them land acco~plishments in the state of and tools and cattle, but in, and Louisiana are typical. through, Christian education, the' upbuilding of initiative and char- New Orleans has a Colored Civic acter, the inspirations of faith and League duly chartered Dec. 19, hope and fraternal goodwill." 1919. The New Orleans Association of Commerce has a committee Indians Give Pageant of three who are ex-officio members of the Board of Directors of FIFTY years ago the Protestant the Colored Civic League. This Episcopal Church began mission arrangement means effective co- work among the Dakota Indians. operation through responsible In commemoration of this fact the bodies whereby welfare agencies Indians recently gave a pageant on can be promoted, justice in courts the Santee Reservation-"The Fifand industrial conditions assured, ty Years' Trail"-depicting many schools built and maintained, rec- of the incidents in the long march reation provided, the poor cared from the darkness of superstition for, friction removed, to the great to the light of Christianity. The benefit of the city's 100,000. Ne- pageant was written by Bishop groes and all its large white pop- Burleson and translated into the ulation. Dakota language.

The Inter-racial Committees of Cooperation in Alaska local communities provide plans and methods of law and order, jus- UNDER the leadership of Mr. tice in the courts, better housing, W. T. Lopp of the United care for the sick, provisions for sani- States Bureau of Education, tation and recreation, better schools, schools are now within reach of school buildings, and teachers, nearly all native children. Hoseconomic justice, improvement in pitals and orphanages are being street cars, aid for and interest in built and equipped as rapidly as the farmers and the promotion of money is appropriated by Convaried interests of Negro welfare. gress. The Presbyterian Board of Christian agencies, colored and Home Missions and other denomiwhite, are particularly enlisted. nations seek to work in harmony with the government, so as to avoid Congregationalist and Advance. duplication.

The Uplift of the Indians Mexican Invade Vnited States DR. SAMUEL A. ELIOT, son I T IS estimated that more than of the former president of Har- 100,000 Mexicans have flocked vard University, and himself an into Texas within the past six author, preacher, church adminis- months, and almost an equal numtrator, and Indian Commissioner, ber into New Mexico, Arizona and recently saw a map of the United California, attracted by the lure of States, showing the mission sta- rapid money making. They are tions of all denominations to Indi- reported to be crossing the border ans, with the motto at the top, at unguarded spots, so as to avoid "The Gospel of Jesus Christ Will the literacy test and the $8 poll Solve the Indian Problem." Dr. tax. Once on our soil it is exceed- Eliot said, "That is true; that must ingly difficult to expel them. Their be our reliance more than upon labor has been helpful to farmers, bulls and buildings and bath-tubs." but they present a problem every- Then he wrote, "The solution of

where they go. Home mission or- time of Martin Luther the Prot- ganizations are directing their at- estants drenched Germany, France tention to a solution of it, realiz- and other European countries with ing that Christianity is their only blood; how from that date the hope. Protestants have been the cause of all wars; how the Protestants (of LATIN AMERICA course American) have taken one country after another, California, Stndent Preaching Centers Texas, Cuba, the Philippine Islands, Panama; and how they are MEXICO has an "Advance now stealing into South America Movement," initiated by a with the purpose of subduing Bra- native pastor, Rev. Eleaser Perez, zil. and emphasizing the duty of every . Christian to be an evangelist. One He told them that American mis- of the most enthusiastic responses sionaries are well paid spies, sent to this movement has come from out by the American government Coyoacan, where nine young men for the purpose of winning the peo- studying in the Presbyterian Train- ple and thus making it easier to ing School have formed a workers' subjugate the country. He then band which recruits for the min- passionately exhorted them to be istry, and holds services in outlying patriotic, and rise up and drive all districts. Once a week they meet Protestants .out of the country. with their Sunday-school teacher to prepare for the services. They There followed frequent attempts maintain the work of two organized to stone the missionaries, and a churches and six preaching sta- bombardment of anonymous letters tions. Vigorous opposition is en- threatening to use dynamite, but countered in some places; once the notwithstanding this bitter opposi- young men were stoned, but all the tion, no violence has yet been churches are growing steadily. done, and nearly fifty persons have since professed their faith. Sunday School in a Laundry BraziUan Womanhood Awakening A STEAM laundry is a novel place for a Sunday-school, but STATISTICS show that 85 per the moral cleansing that takes place cent of all Brazilians are un- in a laundry of Bahia Blanca, Bra- able to read or write. In Sao zil, on Sunday mornings when Paulo, an up-to-date and modem children of the tenement who look city the percentage is 60%. Like- like "soiled linen" gather to learn wise, in an undeveloped state has the Gospel story, has a salutary ef- been the Brazilian woman's idea of fect upon the whole neighborhood. her rights and possibilities in so- This school, held among the en- ciety and business. Since the gines and boilers, has grown stead- World War, young women are ily, and shows what the leaven of turning from the thirteen and the Gospel can accomplish. fourteen-year-old marriage to the schools of commerce, of pharmacy Falsehood aud Threats in Brazil and of medicine, and many are beg- ging entrance to the Normals. They SOME months ago, says the are entering business offices, wel- Missionary Voice, a Romanist in comed by a new attitude of society Pirassununga, Brazil, turned his- toward them. Not a single state tory upside down and pictured to institution in Sao ·Paulo was able the ignorant masses how the Prot- this year to take in all the young estants in the fifteenth century be- women applicants. gan a fearful presecution against the "Holy Mother Church;" how in the Home and Foreign Fields.

920) NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

E"l'ROPE· an attempt to produce a graded Sunday-school literature. Most A Princely Gift of the teachers have very meager training. NOT long' ago there came to the China Inland Mission head- Reduced to concrete terms, nine quarters in London an unregis- points that would make for Sun- tered parcel, insufficiently ad- day-school efficiency in Europe dressed, which was found to con- may be mentioned: tain a large number of Scotch bank notes, tied up in bundles of 1. A General Director for Eu.rope, twenty and amounting to no less with a strong secretary each for than £980. The only intimation France, Switzerland, Sweden and of the donor's wishes was 'written Germany. on a fragment of paper: "For the China Inland Mission. Jehovah 2. A teacher of Sunday-school Jireh !" Some unknown story of methods in every theological semi- sacrifice doubtless lies behind the nary. gift. 3. A demonstration Sunday-school The Christiall. for each country.

Local Option in Scotland 4. Institutes and Conferences on Sunday-school methods. THE history of the temperance agitation in America of twen- 5. Summer camps and summer ty years ago has begun co re- schools of methods. peat itself in Scotland, which has launched a great local option cam- 6. Training text books for teach- paign. The local option law ers and a comprehensive literature for which Parliament granted Scot- the pupils. land is so framed as to require si- multaneous campaigning in all the 7. Developmenti of adult Bible districts which' are to exercise this classes. choice. Colonel Kyle of the Highland light infantry is the 8. A definite missionary program. champion of the drys, and ex- 9. A campaign to double enrolment pects to surprise the yets in the ment and organize new s.:hools. .final test. Christian Advocate. Snnday Schools in Europe Conferences on Christian Cooperation THERE are 1288 Methodist Sunday-schools in Europe, GENEVA, Switzerland, was the with an enrolment of 99,793, al- scene of several conferences most all children under sixteen. during the summer. In addition Church membership on the conti- to the Missionary Conference and nent is only 65,736. Practically the Conference on Faith and Or- 100,000 children, therefore, repre- der there was a National Church sent not only the coming Meth- Federation Conference. and a odist Church in Europe, but pre- meeting of those interested in insent a challenge for transforming ternational friendship. Plans were the continent, shattered by war, made to call a "Universal Coninto a Kingdom of peace. ference of the Church of Christ on Life and Work," probably in These Sunday-schools are in fourteen of the European coun- the summer of 1922, to which all tries. Material is seriously lack- churches of all lands will be ining. So far, in only one of the vited to send delegates. The fourteen countries has there been Committee of Arrangements, of which Archbishop Nathan Soder- blom of Upsala, primate of the Swedish Church, is temporary chairman, includes among its members Rev. Charles S.. Mac· farland of New York and Rev. Thomas Nightingale of London. Eleven members of the Commit. tee are from the United States, three from Switzeri.and, two each from Scotland, Swpden and Hun-

gary ; and. one each from England, Roumania, were visitors at the Denmark, Holland and Italy. Conference. The earnestness and The'Niltional Church Federa- tion' Conference met August 9 to frequency with which uncomplain- 12 in the Hotel Beau Sejour, with ninety delegates present from fif- ing loyalty to the pure Gospel was teen' countries.. One purpose of the Conference was to take for- expressed forecast bright hopes eign delegates to Europe to study the position of the Continental for Bulgaria. The Orient. churches. Spiritual Movements in the Balkans Belgium After the War A N AGENT of the Bible So- REV. Henri Anet testifies that ciety reports that two or three the war has occasioned real thousand Bibles could be sold in spiritual progress in Belgium. A Bucharest within a few days if great many of the leading men they could be procured. One man who before the war were bitterly offered 100 francs for a copy. A opposed to clericalism-which was national society which has been the only. representation of Chris- founded for the restoration of tianity they knew-have come in Bulgaria puts Bible reading in the touch with American and British forefront of its program, while institutions in a new way, and in Greece, circles have been formed now. have a better understanding for reading the Scriptures. Even of Protestantism, and the influ- before the war had ended, soldiers ence of the Roman Catholic clergy in the trenches had formed little can never be what it was before groups to read the New Testathe war. One of the results of ment together, and these groups this modified public opinion has are found in many towns and vilbeen the establishment of a sys- lages. tem of compulsory education. MOSLEM LANDS The Met h a di s t Episcopal Church, South, is planning an ex- Mohammedan Decay tensive social and Christian work in cooperation with the two prin- AT A MEETING of the Mocipal Belgian churches. hammedan Ass a cia t ion in Bulgarian Pastors meet Cambridge, England, one of the AFTER the years of interrup- delegates from India said: tion caused by the war, the Bulgarian Pastors' Brotherhood "The peoples who own alhas been able to meet again. The meetings have always been held legiance to the Islamic faith have during the summer vacation, and are intended to serve for the been on the down grade for many transaction of business, for social intercourse and for spiritual uplift. decades. What used for succes- This year they were held at Samokov, and large representa- sive generations to be a name to tions were in attendance from both north and south of the Bal- conjure with is today a by-word kans. Two American Friends who, on their own initiative and and a reproach. Mussulmans at their own expense, have been evangelizing in Germany and have ceased to be true to those ideals which once were especially ap.d remarkably their own. The people of Islam are false, in a very essential sense, to the high ideal which made their forefathers great. Stagnation, apathy, and want of hope characterize today the Mussulman peoples of the world." The Presbyterian.

Conference of Zionists A ZIONIST Conference was held in London July 7-24, and was attended by delegates from

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

twenty-eight nations. A num- and Prophet and intercessor and beber of important resolutions con- loved friend Mohammed is the apostle cerning Palestine were proposed and cflrried. Probably the most of God. And this is the last letter from me, and I have finished with you."

remarkable of these decisions was For some weeks the boy was the adoption of the policy that kept in confinement, but eventually the land should eventually become made his escape and remained in the common property of the Jew- hiding until, incautiously venturing ish people. For this purpose a out one evening, he disappeared national foundation fund of not and has not been heard of since. The less than £25,000,000 is to be other two brothers have been able raised. to get away from their village, but A far reaching educational pro- their livelihood is a precarious gram was also adopted. Ele- . problem. Converts from Islam are mentary, industrial and commer- not free to pursue a trade or pro- cial schools, schools for music fession undisturbed.

and art, libraries, museums, a re- United Presbyterian.

search institute and a university were budgeted for. Eddy Meeetings in Egypt Lord Rothschild presided at the DR. SHERWOOD EDDY has Conference, and the principal bee n holding evangelistic speakers included Mr. Balfour and meetings in Egypt during Oc- Lord Robert Cecil. in addition to tober. A preliminary Prayer Con- Zionist leaders. ference was held with Christian Religious Fanaticism in Egypt workers of the Nile Valley in September, after which Dr. Eddy REV. E. R. Balleny of the held a series of meetings in Cairo, United Presbyterian Mission Tanta, Assiut, Luxor, Ninia and in Egypt tells of a wealthy Mo- Alexandria. The political situa- hammedan landowner, whose four tion in Egypt is still' very tense, sons had been educated in the and emphasizes the great need of Mohammedan University. Three preaching the Gospel of Christ at of the number were Christians every" opportunity.

and the father's rage knew no bounds. Missionaries visited him Opportunity In the Sudan A to intercede for the sons, but they N UNUSUAL opportunity for were warned never to repeat the visit. Egyptian Christians of Christian service exists at influence also called on him to present in the Anglo-Egyptian urge tolerance but to no avail. Sudan. The government authori- 'ties, being anxious for an exten- Subsequently, seven or eight . tension of missionary work among Mohammedans of the Community pagan tribes, have approached the beat one son until he was ex- Sudan United Mission and asked hausted; then forced him to sign that they organize schools in new the following statement which localities. The government offers they sent to the missionary from to gather the children into the whom he had learned about Chris- schools, and promises the best of tianity: facilities for work. Three new workers, graduates of Austral- "To the Honorable Mr. –. I would inform you that your recent visit failed of its purpose. Therefore asian universities, are leaving for I, …….. , am truly a Mohammedan, this field, and the Missibn is confessing and believing in God, and his angels, and his books, and his anxious to secure two additional workers, one a teacher and the prophets, and I testify that there is other a doctor.

no God but God, and that our Lord

INDIA "We the outcaste villagers of Togita: are come to you because Report of Hindn Conversions we can serve our village gods no longer. After every harvest we THE Hindu Missionary Society have sacrificed sheep and brought has boasted of "re-converting our new rice to the feet of Mis- to Hinduism one Christian each amma, our village goddess, but week," but their official report what has she done for us? Noth- shows that fifty persons came into ing. Ve have sacrificed also to the Society during the past three Durgamma, the cholera goddess, years, from Christianity, from Is- and to Poshamma, the smallpox lam and from Parseeism. This mav goddess, but our children and our be compared, for those who main– homes have not escaped the tain that "India is in a fair way scourge. Only from the medi- to convert Christendom," with the cines of the white ladies have we 350 Indians, on the average, who are' had help. becoming Christians every day. "Out of chips of wood the vil- Women of 'l'ravancore lage carpenter has made our idols, and we poor outcastes, who are THE "Mothers' Union" has taken not even allowed to bring our of- ferings into the temples, have al- firm root in Travancore, and ways brought sheep, fowls and now has about 12.000 members. rice, and the priests. have taken The first point of emphasis is the them from us on the threshold of home; Indian· Christians are be- the temple. ginning to realize something- of what it means to train children "Now our own relatives have properly, and to see what a spir- become Esi-Iog (men of Jesus), itual force woman can be in the and they have told us of the true home. God, and He has twisted our hearts; and now we are all of one Women have not formerly been mind in our village, we wish to encouraged to take an active part come to the Christian's Church in church work, but in some and to bring our offerings and places they are now teaching to pour them out at the feet of classes. in Sunday-school, and a Jesu Swami. But we wish most few are assuming responsibility of all for an Evangelist who will for visiting absentees. Several of live amongst us and teach us the women gather the poorer about Him; therefore leave us women of the neighborhood on not to the old devil priest and their verandas, and teach them to the idols in which we no texts and hymns. Work of this longer believe, but send us one sort helps the teacher equally as to help us to become true 'men much as the taught. of Jesus.'

All over South India "Gospel (Signed) Sunday" is observed, when every Christian man, woman and child SIANNA, is asked to have a part in making the Gospel known to others. In Guardian of the Water Tanks. one congregation last year the In- dian pastor said that the women ALLACONDA LATCHANNA, accomplished more than the men. the Cultivator."

A Powerful Appeal Indian Cbristian's Generosity THE London Christian recently THE Indian Witness reports the published the following peti- following about a Baroda Christion, sent by villagers of Hyder- tian: abad to Rev. Charles W. Posnett, of Medak: "There was a very earnest Chris- tian villager who, for some time,

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

had ann1,lally made a contribution ually take beer, and further rejoice of one hundred rupees to the at the growing number of educhurch. One year the rains failed, cated natives who take kindly to it. and the ground was parched and dry. They are using enormous sums of The crops were a complete failure. money and many men to advertise His non-Christian neighbors began and sell their product. The chalto taunt him and say: 'Now, what lenge to Christian missions is to will you give to your God?' He only educate the people to better things kept silent; but, on the appointed day before the brewers' campaign is for the annual church offerings, he well under way. and his family walked up to the front of the church and put down, to Malaysia Message the amazement of all, not only his usual contribution of one hundred Lepers Couut their Blessings rupees, but five rupees in addition." THE leper church at the Chieng- Indians Accustomed to TitWng mai Asylum recently heard of a district twenty-five miles distant A PROFESSOR of economics at where there was no knowledge of Ewing Christian College, Alla- the Gospel, and immediately called habad, has established two con- a meeting to consider their duty clusions, after careful investigation; in the matter of sending some one first, that the average monthly in- to carry the Message to these negcome of an Indian village family is lected people. The lepers in this about 20 rupees a month, and sec- same church have recently sent to ond that the average amount spent Treasurer Day, of the Presbyterian regularly on gifts to Hindu priests Board of Foreign Missions in New and old customs is approximately York, a draft for $8.88, to be used one-tenth of their income. Acting in relieving famine. in Syria. upon these conclusions at least two Missions, the Methodist Episcopal CIDNA and the Church of the Brethren, are carrying on a campaign for making A Challenge to Christians the Indian churches self-supporting by inducing the whole membership THE startling statement was to contribute one-tenth of their in- made recently by Rev. F. W. come. Bible that there would be added to the population of China in the next SIAM AND MALAYSIA thirty years, at the normal rate of increase, as many people as there Beer Market In Asia are now in the United States. The present population of China is well ACCORDING to a leading ar- over 400,000,000. The size of the ticle in the Australian Brewers' missionary problem in China is Journal, reprinted in a recent issue seen in the fact that there is now of the Singapore Free Press, the only one evangelical missionary for Australian brewers are planning a every 80,000 people. There are in tremendous trade campaign in Asia. all only 312,000 communicants of German beer has been almost en- Protestant churches, and the areas tirely barred out; the field is there- in which there is no missionary fore wide open to Australia. Al- agency at all contain thirty-five to ready Australian brewers have forty million people. made huge shipments to India and with every success. They are con- Christian Observer. gratulating themselves on the large numbers of Eurasians who habit- The Power of Prayer MRS. F. C. H. Dryer of Hung- tung, Shansi, tells the story of a young Christian engaged as clerk

by a wealthy employer, who for- A Chiuese John the Baptist bade the young man to sing hymns, THIRTY-SEVEN years ago a read the Bible or pray, but com- man from Haitang, a Chinese promised when he wanted to leave island, visted the mainland and by allowing him to read and pray ther~ at an inn heard the story of quietly in his own room. Chnst. He returned to !Haitang, Sometime, later the' only son of and did not rest until he had the employer's brother was taken preached the Gospel in every one ill with convulsions, and the fam- of the four hundred and eleven vil- ily called on all the renowned lages on the island. When the first witches and exorcists, but to no missionaries came ten years later avail. Finally, in desperation word they found a people prepared to was sent to this young man to ask hear. There are now preaching what Christians did in like straits. centers in thirty villages of the He replied: "We pray to God." island, and many of the Christians When implored to come and pray give one-fourth of their income to for the child he reminded them that evangelical work.

he had been forbidden to pray any- Funeral Rites where but in his own room. Permission to pray was readily granted MR. HU SHIH, a modernist who under the circumstances, and al- is advocating reform along most at once improvement began in many lines, feels the need of more the child's condition. Eventually sincerity in the rites connected with recovery was complete. The em- the dead, and put into effect a ployer now attends Christian serv- combination of new and old ideas ices in the village, and a few . upon the death of his own mother. months ago sent his young Chris- He requested his friends to reduce tian employee to a Conference at the usual gifts, and for the old Chaocheng, to testify how the Lord sacrificial ceremony lasting seven had answered prayer, and supplied or eight days he substituted one him with 1000 cash for his ex- which was finished in fifteen min- utes. The burial site was selected penses. for practical, and not geomantic reasons, and the outstanding re- A New Leper Asylum sult was economy in time and Wu TING FANG, former Chi- money. Mr. Hu maintains that the men of today have not tb.-e time : nese ambassador to the United nor inclination for the intricate States, has given $5,000 with which rites of former days. to buy the island 0f Taikam to be used as a leper asylum. In making JAPAN-CHOSEN this contribution Mr. Wu Ting Changes in Ten Years Fang said: MR. FRANK L. BROWN, who is attending the WorId's Sun- "With regard to the cost of the day School Association in Tokyo, writes some of his impressions for land and other incidental expenses the Brooklyn Eagle. Among other things he says: for securing the island, which "The growing democratic spirit amounts to $5,000, I shall be glad of Japan is gradually prevailing against the influence of the two to pay it. In making this contribu- old clans which have controlled the military and general governmental tion I do not desire to have an in- policy of Japan for these years, and scription of my name as the pur- chaser. My principle is, if I am permitted to perform a good action, I do not expect any reward nor do I like it to be known." '

Watchman-E.mminer. the demand for universal suffrage

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

is being backed by riots, and the sian, he began to feel much simi- organization of various groups, to larity between his state of mind give the people a large voice. and that of Paul. His interest "Japan has just been passing grew, until he was ready to accept through a real financial and com- the faith which he had been so re- mercial panic. Fortunes have cently opposing. He made a con- shrunk, paper profits have dis- fession of faith, and is now telling appeared, idle vessell' are accumu- his friends about the step he has lating in the harbors, and there is taken; not an easy task, as his much unrest and a freer criticism father is a Shinto priest!

of public affairs by the press than The Presbyterian: formerly obtained. The nation is becoming sobered and while there Fire at the Tokyo Convention has been much violent criticism of ON OCTOBER 5th, the after- America here because of the Cali- noon of the day on which the fornia action and America's hand in the Siberian and Saghalin ques- W.orld Sunday School Convention tions and America's constant in- was to open in Tokyo, the great sistence on her policy of protec- hall, built especially to house the tion of the weaker nations where gathering, was burned to the aggression is attempted, there is a growing dispositon to look at .ground. Although a large chorus these questions from a broader of Japanese and foreigners were standpoint and to gain by the rehearsing in the building at the honest, sympathetic criticism of such men as Mr. Vanderlip, who time no lives were lost. The has left a distinctly good impres- cause of the fire is believed to be sion upon Japan by his American defective wiring. The building newspaper presentation of the was of wood and stucco and was present situation." erected to accommodate 3000 dele- gates and visitors. The conven:' tion assembled in the Y. M. C. A. which is the other large hall in Tokyo and seats less than 1500 Son of Shinto Priest Converted people. Subsequently a large muni- REV. Albertus Pieters, a mis- cipal theater was placed at the dis- sionary of the Reformed posal of the convention. Mr. John Church, wrote a series of articles Wanamaker was elected president for the Oita papers in regard to the Association for the ensuing the rule requiring school children four years and Mr. Frank L. Brown, to worship at Shinto shrines. Rev. General Secretary. H. Kuyper writes of a young man at Usuki whose conversion direct- Thirty countries are represented ly resulted from these articles. At in this large and important gathfirst he was much enraged, and ering, but on account of its being wrote an article in opposition. In held in Japan, Chinese and Kopreparing this article, however, he reans did not send accredited delebegan to realize that Mr. Pieters' arguments were founded on fact, gates. Fuller reports of the con- vention will be published in the REVIEW later.

and that his conclusions were right. This led him to go to an Chosen Christian College O evangelist at Usuki to borrow NE of the features of Chosen Christian College, Seoul, when some books on Christianity. Mr. Ohtsubo gave him Stalker's "Life completed will be a model village, of Paul" in Japanese. As he read where married students may bring of Paul's persecution of the Chris- their wives and families. The first tians and his subsequent conver- gift distinctly for this purpose has

been made by the Women's Mis- tering almost exclusively, and sionary, Society of the Canadian church offerings have to be Presbyterian Church. The Charles brought in produce instead of coin.

M. Stimson Building has been com- This often results in some con- pleted for class room purposes, fusion, as when chickens escape and funds are available for at from their owners before the offer- least two more main buildings. ing is taken. At one communion Two residences for faculty mem- service in the Elat Mission sevenbers have been erected and are al- teen people were requi~ed to bring ready occupied. Funds are also in the collection, pledged for five more residences.

Roads have been built throughout New Church at Dondi the greater part of the two hun- dred acre property, and large num- THE planting of a new native bers of trees have been planted. church at Dondi, the educational , The seventy students come from center of the West Africa Mission every province in Korea, Meth- of the American Board, February 1, odists predominating with forty- 1920,. marked the putting of' in- three. One is a non-Christian and creased responsibility upon native one a member of the Greek Church. leaders. Upon the day of the sec- ond communion service an inquirer, Korea Mission Field. past middle age, brought two -loads Annual Meetings of Missionaries of fetishes to be burned, and as the onlookers stood around the fire he 'THE annual meeting of the Pres- described them, one by one. Fre- byterian Mission North was quently he would remark: "It is all held in Seoul, June 20-30,. and that nonsense; I made that myself. The of the Southern Presbyterian in stuff inside is only dirt." On an- Xwangju, June 18-29. The subject other Sunday a rain doctor's out- which called for the most discus- fit was burned.

sion at both meetings was the edu- cational program, and as a result, Nationalism in Uganda larger plans were formulated for NATIONALISM is not confined aggressive work. The great prob- to Ireland, India 'and Egypt. It lem to be faced is that of adequate equipment and workers. is making its appearance in Ugan- The large attendance of young da, the heart of Africa. Rev, J. H. men at church services, the increase in gifts of the native church- Cook of the Church Missionary Soes, and the growing aptitude for ciety writes: native administration all indicate unprecedented opportunity for mis- "The rising generation of young sion work in, Korea. Large numbers of prisoners converted during Baganda, like youths who are just confinement in jail are now re- leaving school, are ambitious to use turning to their homes, and are their wings and to assert their inturning their enthusiasm for na- dependence. On the one hand, they tional freedom into spreading the are more than ever trying to ape the externals of European civiliza- Gospel. tion, with ludicrous effect so far as clothing and mannerisms go. Side by side with this superficial mimicry of the European there is ,AFRICA beginning to be a cleavage of racial ~fissionary Offerings interests and sympathies. This is not seen in the older Christians, but CURRENCY has become so is decidedly evident in the rising . scarce in some parts of Africa generation. It appeared in the dis- .that people have returned to bar- cussions of the synod, when the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ]027

younger tp.embers wanted more THE A Union Conference Among the Moros power, and were less willing to lis- first union conference of ten to experience or to their spir- some sixty Christian leaders in itual guides. It appears in a tend- the southern Philippines was held ency to the spirit that actuates last summer at Lake Lanao, Min- strikes among boys in our schools." danao, by Congregational and Presbyterian missionaries and PACIFIC ISLANDS Filipinos. About 90,000 Moham- Samoans D~line Self-Government medan Moros live on the shores of .this lake. These people are THE London Missionary Society now peaceable, and are sending has now been relieved of financial their children to American schools. responsibility in connection with The contact of the missionaries the Samoan Mission: As a natural and the Moros has a good effect on corollary of financial self-sup- both by bringing about greater mu- port, the Society was ready to tual respect and understanding. put the control of the Mission or- ganization in the hands of the The spirit of Christ in the Con- Samoans, but they themselves re- ference deeply impressed the jected this plan. There has been, Moros. This field offers a large . however, an extension of Samoan opportunity to some spirit-filled, tactful missionary worker. control. . A large number of Samoans GENERAL have undertaken service in the foreign field, and have rendered C. M. S. Increases Budget valuable service in various island groups, especially Papua, and in THE Church Missionat·y Society what was before the war German has taken a bold step in can- New Guinea. The Samoan Chris- celling last year's drastic restric- tian Endeavor Society for three tions on the sailing of missionaries years has supported a Chinese and the training of recruits, and in 'pastor among Chinese laborers on granting additional allowances to the plantations. missionaries and native workers in view of the increased cost 9£ living. George Brown Memorial This will mean that instead of the average annual contribution of THREE years ago the Meth- £400,000 of the past few years, odist General Conference of they will this year require no Jess Australasia decided to make an than £ 700,000. appeal for £ 5000 to establish in Sydney a Training Home for How Our Money Is Spent Women Missionaries, but stipulat- ed that no initial expenditure be MISS Edith Strauss, head of the incurred until two-thirds of the Women's Activities in the amount was in hand, War, fail- High Cost of Living Investigation ure of crops and increased living being conducted by the Department costs stood in the way of accom- of Justice, is authority for the plishment, but at last the Home figures showing the amount spent is an assured fact. In July, 1920, in the United States for luxuries. the opening ceremonies were held. The total amdunt spent annually The Home contains fifteen rooms, for candy is $1,000,000,000; for and has accommodations for ten chewing gum $50,000,000; for soft occupants, with the possibility of drinks $350,000,000; for perfumes provision for more. It is to be and cosmetics $750,000,000; for furs called "The George Brown Memo- $300,000,000 ; for violet soaps rial Training Home." $400,000,000 and for pianos, organs and phonographs $250,000,000, To- Australian Missionay Review. bacco users spend $2,110,000,000 for

their weed. While automobiles into prominence in connection with cannot strictly be classed as lux- a world tour of evangelism with Dr. uries, $2,000,000,000 annually is ex- R. A. Torrey. Later, he joined the pended in this direction. Is religious work receiving a reasonable evangelistic party of the late J. Wilshare of America's wealth? bur Chapman. He married Mis~ T·Findings of Leper Conference Cadbury, of Birmingham, England, HE Conference on Leprosy who was the founder and promoter of the Pocket Testament League. which met in Calcutta, India, Together, they have led hundreds of the early part of the year brought thousands of men, women and chilout encouraging indications as to dren to agree habitually to carry with the possibility of finding an ulti- them aNew Testament, and to read mate cure for the disease. Among a portion of it every day. Many the findings was the statement that thousands have also accepted Christ leprosy is very slowly contagious, under their leadership. and only through a long incubation period; mainly, it is thought, by Archdeacon Stnck of Alaska nasal discharge from the leper. Children are much more suscept- ON OCTOBER 11, the Rev. Hudible to the disease than adults. son Stuck, Archdeacon of the Gynocardate of sodium, and a new Yukon and missionary of the Protpreparation made by Lt. Colonel estant Episcopal Church, died at Sir Leonard Rogers from cod liver Fort Yukon, Alaska. He became faoil, are two new methods of treat- mous as the first white man to ascend ment being experimented with. It to the summit of Mt. McKinley, is hoped that it will be possible which he accomplished in 1913. before long to finance the services of a whole time medical research Archdeacon Stuck was born in worker, who can continue in- England in 1863, and came to the vestigations ina more satisfactory United States in 1885. After being way along these lines. graduated from the theological de- partment of the University of the The Conference is appealing to South at Sewanee, Tennessee, and the government of India for an ten years' service as Dean of St. amendment of the Leper Act, so as Matthews Cathedral at Dallas, Texas, to make possible the compulsory he went to Alaska in 1905, to become segregation of lepers; and if this associated with Bishop Rowe in misamendment is passed, the provin- sionary work. He traveled many cial governments stand ready to thousands of miles by dog sled and build and equip up-to-date asy- on foot in the interests of church lums for the lepers. work in the Yukon region. Some of his experience he has described in- OBITUARY NOTES terestingly in his two volumes "The Ascent of Denali (Mt. McKinley)," Charles M. Alexande.-Evangelist and "Ten Thousand Miles with a Dog Sled." FRIENDS in many lands have been shocked to learn of the death of Mrs. E. S. Hnme of India Mr. Charles M. Alexander, the well known singing evangelist, who passed Mrs. Edward S. Burne, miSSIOnaway in England on Tuesday, Octo- ary of the American Board in Inber 12, after a brief illness. Mr. dia from 1875 to 1907, died after a Alexander, who was fifty-three years long illness on August 6, at Clifof age, was a graduate of Maryville ton Springs Sanitarium, New College, Tennessee, and received his York. Mrs. Hume was in charge evangelistic training at Moody :Eible of the Girls' High School at Bom- Institute, Chicago. He first came bay for many years. (For the Missionary Library see page 1030)

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THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY BUY BOOKS Frank Higgins, Trail Blazer. By FOR CHRISTMAS Thomas D. Whittles. 12mo. 14S pp. 75c cloth, 50c paper. The THE MODERN READERS Missionary Education Movement. CALENDAR New York, 1920.

How would you like to begin the day When the church people of Bar- num, Minn., first saw Frank Hig- with this gins they were frankly disap- I bind upon myself today pointed. He did not look or act like a minister. But for this very The virtuEs of a starlit heaven, reason the men of the village and The glorious sun's life-giving fay, the "lumber jacks" were greatly The whiteness of t,he moon at even. drawn to him. The minister who had preceded him had not made a, or this success of the church in that lum- ber district. Frank Higgins was We believe too much in our own scare- a rough diamond who had been crows. untrained in the schools of men, but he was educated in the School or this of God. He had a great lieart and understood the temptations of the Sometimes people are so awfully good rough lumbermen, and he knew that their goodness hides them from other how to win them to Christ. To paoIlle. his mind. it was a question whether these men should become Price $1.00 Bolshevists, or Christians; wheth- er they should be filled with whis- :PREAMS AND VOICES key, or filled with the Spirit of God; whether their lips should Compiled by Grace Hyde Trine be more accustomed to profanity, or prayer. He visited lumber A collection of modern Mofiber and Ohild camps. was asked to come again. verse which. gi',ffi us hope for the enduring and finally gave up his church beauty and strong comtadship of family to devote his whole time to work life. Some contributors are: Robert Ser- in this neglected field. His life vice, .Josephine Preston Peabody. Henry was full of inspiring adventure VanDyke. Angela Morgan. Percy Mac- Kaye.

Price $2.00.

A WOMAN'S POINT OF VIEW: Some Roads to Peace by Harriet Stanton Blatch A record of facts with constructive con- clusion and a strong program for progress by one of America's foremos.t thinking women. The New York Tribune has said or it, ""A Woman's Point 01 View' is informed with so strong a conviction and so keen an intelligence that it is likeJy to make its way even against the common weariness."

Price $1.25 THE YOUNG WOMAN and of heroic self-sacrifice, and the CITIZEN story as told by Mr. Whittles con- tains. many stirring incidents writby Mary Austin ten in a way to appeal to young people. It is a book worth read- Thinking men as weH as women will wet~ ing. come a book which sets forth trustworthy guideposts for working philosophy of The Argonauts of Faith. By Basil citizenship. It is a brilliantly written Mathews. 12mo. $1.50. George discussion for all world citizens of the H. Doran Company. New York. 1920. responsibilities that are assumed with the right to vote, together with a compreh~n~ This is the story of the Pilgritr sive survey of the developments of the Fathers, with a foreword by Viscitizen from the age of the savage tribe to count James Bryce who recomthe present era. . mends the book most highly. It is an historical sketch which tells Price. paper $1.00, cloth $1. 75 the fascinating story of the Pil- grims, especially describing the TAMA: The Diary of a incidents gathered around the Japanese School Girl lives of William Brewster, John Robinson and William Bradford. by Florence Wells These men and women were per- secuted for their faith and some of Actually written from day to day in a mission school in .Japan. Tbe love story (Continued on page 1031) =~ll!~I~in!~~o~f.h~dg~~P~n:ega~nra~l to be "entertaiumented" by the "pidgin" English.

Price $1.00 BOOKSHOPS EVER¥WHERE or THE WOMANS PRESS 600 Lexin~ton Ave., New York City Please mention TH( MISSIONARY .REVIEW OF 1'HJt WonD in writing to advertisers

THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY I (Continued from Page 1030) UNDERWOOD & UNDERWOOD their group were hanged in Eng- SERVICE land for advocating the right to worship God according to the dic- means tates of their own consciences. Mr. Mathews describes their flight FIRST- that we have the largest colfrom England to Holland and lection of original photographic negthence in the "Mayflower" to atives in the world. America. The book is especially appropriate for reading in connec- SECOND-every UNDERWOOD lantern tion with the celebration of the slide is made by direct contact with six hundredth anniversary of ~he the original negarive, thereby assurlanding of the Pilgrim Fathers. It ing uniform quality and definition on is well adapted for young people, the screen. at home or in the Sunday-school.

. The Founding of a Nation. By Frank THIRD-we can reproduce from your M. Gregg. 8vo. 481 pp. $2.25 net own negatives or photographs. with- George H. Doran Co., New York, out the slightest injury to them. slides 1920. of the high UNDERWOOD quality. The adventures of the Pilgrim Fathers in their flight from En- FOURTH-with our ample manufacturing gland and Holland, furnish a facilities we can execute the largest fruitful theme for histories, biog- orders promptly. with a guarantee of raphies and novels. This is a novel founded on these historical perfect satisfaction. records. The author has also made good use of the recently IN A WORD the UNDERWOOD SyS- discovered "History of tpe Pli- mouth Plantation" by WiUiam TEM combines all the elements that Bradford, the Governor of the Colony. constitute the VERY BEST SER- Chinese Heart Throbs. By Jennie V. ICE-the result of a study for 35 i Hughes. Introduction by Shih Mei Yii (Dr. Mary Stone). 12mo. years of the needs and wants of our 188 pp. Fleming H. Revell Co. 1920. patrons. '

These glimpses into the lives of ASK US about our lantern slide lecture Chinese women are given by the service, our Sunday School and head of the Knowles Training church material. our Travel System School in China. They are stories thru Bible Lands. of how Chinese girls and women come into contact with Christ, of The League of Nations Anthem. their sufferings and struggles, their hopes and fears. They let LET US help you solve your problem of one into the inner heart history illustrating any sermon or subject. of sisters of another race, and show the way in which life and SPECIAL OVERSTOCK OFFER- light have come to those who Ready Prepared Lectures accom- "sat in darkness." The ten stories are brief and will furnish entertain- panied by manuscripts. Selling Price ment and inspiration for half hours 1-3 less regular prices; also miscel- in sewing circles. Dr. Mary Stone. laneous. Stock sets of 10 to 25 slides the friend of Miss Hughes, is a well known Chinese physician who is :l priced less than cost. graduate of the University of Michi- gan and the head of a large hospital PROJECTION LANTERNS and Motion for women in China. Picture Machines to Meet Specific Requirements.

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417 Fifth Ave., D.p" M.R. New York City ( Continued on page 1034) Please mention THlt MISS]ONARY ~vn:w OP THE WORLD in writing to advertisers

JOHN BROWN COULD secure subscriptions for the MISSIONARY REVIEW. He had an attractive personal- ity. He was a splendid talker. He wasfsincere. He was devoted to missionary causes. He took a copy of the REVIEW under his arm and gathered in twenty:subscriptions in short order.'

We want more John Browns.

but TOM SMITH COULD NOT sell a magazine or anything else-or at least so he thought. He was timid, bashful; He disliked making new acquaintances. His health would not allow him to campaign as strenuously. as John Brown. But he too was sincere. He wanted to do his part for missions. He wanted to help introduce the REVIEW. He sent us the names ot ten prospective representatives in his own and other churches. Those ten representatives have already harvested thirty-five SUbscriptions for the REVIEW.

We need more Tom Smiths.

WHAT ABOUT YOU?

If you can not be a John Brown you can surely be a Tom Smith. Will you represent the REVIEW in your church~ Will you help us to secure suitable representatives in your own and other churches? Just cut off the balance of this page, fill it in and send it to us. We will do the rest.

The MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, 156 Fifth Avenue, N. Y. Gentlemen:- I am glad to suggest the following persons as possible representatives for the MISSIONARY REVIEW. .'

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Name ………………………………. . Name ………………………………. . Address …………………………….. . Address ………………………………. . Clty…………………… State, ……… . City …………•.•……… State………. .

Name …………………. . ~ …………. . Name ……………….•…….••..••….. Address …………………………….. . Address …………………..•••••. of ••••• City…………………… Stat……….. . Clty………….. _……… State ………. .

Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . • . . Name ……………………•….••••.•••• AddreBB …………………………….. . Addrees …………………………….. . City …………………… Stat•…•••••••• City …………………… Stat•••••••••••• Please mention THE MISStONAIlY R£vtEW or THE WonD in writing to advertisers Juat the Book lor a Gift to The Sunday School Times Teacher, Preacher, or Scholar Sa:ys: Ruth The Satisfied "IT is a spiritual treat to read this un- folding of the rich lessons in one of Stranger the beautiful little 'cameo' books of the By PHILIP MAURO Bible. Mr. Mauro knows how to dig deep, and bring up treasures from his Popular Edition, cloth, net, • • $1.25 digging. His trained mind and his mas- Gift Edition, Ooze call, net, • • 3.00 tery of clear writing hold the attention of the reader to an unusual degree. The THE beautiful story of Ruth has an supernatural type teaching in the history of Ruth, and in the inspired record of historical setting that bears a remark- that history, is clearly brought out. Of able likeness to the times through which special value at this time is the clear setthe world is now passing. It abounds ting forth of the real meaning of true moreover in rich spiritual lessons, and dem'ocracy. The author points out that contains the most complete of all Bible the only democratic era in the history of illustrations of REDEMPTION. The Israel was in the time of the Judges; and chapter on "The Nearer Kinsman" will he shows that the significance of that era be found of special interest to all lovers was that 'every man did that which was of Truth. right in his own eyes' (Judg. 21 :25)."

HAMILTON BROS., Ti~¥:r1~~~T 120 Tremont St., Boston, Mass.

$100.00 Montgomery Ward for Your Church· & Company Today's Housewife has helped churches allover the country Manufacturers and Exporters to raise funds in a refined, dig- of General Merchandise nified manner. Far superior to the usual, threadbare, tiring Have catered to the requirement. of supper, sociable or bazaar. Missionaries In aU parts of the world. Not a cent of expense or risk. for over 25 years. Write today for details, Church Aid Department, You are Invited Today's Housewife, to write for a OOpy of our larre Cataloc of ceneral Merc:handi!e and our spedal 100 Main st. Missionary Circular Cooperstown, New York We guarantee safe delivery anywhere MONTGOMERY WARD It: COMPANY Mi.uonary Bureau CHICAGO. ILL Please mention THlt MISSIONARY Rnn&w OF 'lH. WORLD in writinc to advertisers

THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY Could You Read (Continued from page 1031) With Your Hands? China, the Mysterious and the Mar- velous. By Victor Murdock Il- Thousands 01 blind must! lustrated, 310 pp, New York: F'~ming H. Revell Company. $10 will pay for a Tes- 1920. tament and $2 for a Gospel in blind type. The wrapper cover states that Souvenir verse free. the author has been editor, jour- F eJp us also give the n'llist, congres8man and is now Bible to immigrants, Chairman of the Federal Trade seamen and the poor. Commission, He has a wonderful eye for the picturesque, for the un- usual, and the romantic. He is the possessor d a graphic, facile pen Write us about Annuity and a captivating style. His think- Bonds ing is unfettered by precf'nceived notions, He has a veneration Eyery kinrl of Bible for sale: Scofield, for the truth and a love for the Oxford, Bagster, Cambridge, Holman, artistic and the romantic." How Nel<on, at Special Discounts. careful the author has been to as- certain the tru'h is a question in Unhersal Bible Sunday, Dec. 5th. view of certain wild statements, such as his assertion that the av- No change in date. Free literature erage Chinese worker supports a NEW YORK BIBLE SOCIETY, family of six on a dolhr a month. Compare this proposition with 675 Madison Ave. (lllth year) New York ta bles in which the price of foods is given and multiply the minimum amount of fnod by 30 days, and six people, and two meals per day.

The We question, also, whether his Correspondence Courses style is "captivating" for discrimi- natin~ readers. of Regardless of America's entrance into Japan in 1854 and treaty of Union Bible Seminary 1857, he asserts that as late as 1859 that country was sealed; that is WESTFIELD. INDIANA foreigners were absolutely de- barred. Then Japan "suddenly Have been studied by over 1.200 minister•. breke loose, . . . she swiped the l1}.issionaries. Sunday School worker. and ancient Empire of China across the interested believers in the Premillennial face, and then trimmed the mighty Second Coming of Christ, SERIES I Russia with neatness and despatch, TWENTY LESSONS IN BIBLE PROPHECY and has since bepn trying to find covf'ring in a ~nera1 way Bibh.· L istory and Prophecy from GenBl:!is to Revelation.. the money to help pay the ex- penses of the picnic!' And so he SERIE.~ 11 rambles on as with his "graphic, facile pen and captivating style" he TWENTY LESSOl"S IN REVELATION describes "life along the Yangtse, An exceedingly plain and reasonable interpretation of this diffi· society, politics and brigandage, cult book. superstition and statecraft."

Ou,. M,.,hod.–Send One Dollar for either course, and a lesson sh"et will be sent to your addreAB weekly for 20 weeks. No further ('orreapondeJJCe nece sary, uuleSA you desire to ask QuestionlJ, for which no charg(' is made.

&am;nations are optional and charge 250.

Diploma. granted for satiBiactory remits. This volume is unworthy of a place in the select list of "Revell's Samplp.8.-The first shoot and proopeotUB of ruther couree Fifty Year Books!' sent rree on l'fIQuest. Studentsc8D begin at any time and can study singlvorin c1B"MB. The Bible and Missions. By Helen Pa.m-oJ't:; find it helpful to keep young people interested in Bible Barrett Montgomery. 12mo. 240 study. Address pp. $0,60 cloth, $0.40 paper. Pos- UNION BIBLE SEMINARY WESTFIELD, INDIANA (Continued on page 1036) Please mention THe MISSIONARY Rl!;VIl!;W 0-1 ·'J:RIC WORLD in writing to advertisers

Dr. Frank Crane says: "The most essential element in any home is God, but we are will- ing to do almost anything for God except to use Him. Yet the thought of God is the most practical of all thoughts. It solves problems, eases loads, unties hard knots, smooths out complica- tions. The God thought is the most deeply educational for chil- dren. Plan your day so that you will have a little while with God. Once in twenty-four hours reach up and touch the Infinite. It is well to do this alone. It is better to do this with your family.:'

EVERY MORNING, by Robert Cluett Former President of Cluett, Peabody g Co.

EVERY MORNING is a new "Home Religion" book-for individual or family devotional use. There is a prayer a day for three months, in harmony with the Bible reading for that day. Not more than five minutes is required for each reading and prayer. The choice of topics is a happy one; their arrangement offers a pleasing variety; the prayers are of a high order. Each page of Every Morning is printed in large size, easily read type. Mr. Cluett, a citizen of Troy, N. Y., has long been a leader in civic, religious. and philanthropic work. He is an elder of the Presbyterian Church, for many years was Superintendent of a Sunday School, and Teacher of an adult Bible Class. He has prepared this book of morning devotions with a degree of care and a knowledge of the use of Bible truths which warms the heart and quickens response.

CLOTH, $1.50 t » BOOKS WITH PURPOSE At Your Bookseller's W ASSOCIATION PRESS 347 Madison Avenue, New York Cash Missionaries, Pastors and Others for in touch with missionary work at home and ahroad, are invited to Pictures send us inter<sting photographs and news items relating to home and and foreign missions. For such photograph. accepted by the REVIEW News and accompanied by a brief description We will pay $1.00. Unused photograph. will be returned. The sender will be given credit for those used. For interesting and up-to-date news items relating to missionary work and accepted for publication we will pay $1.00.

Send to News and Picture Dept., Missionary Review of the World 156 Fifth Avenue, New York Please mention TH:¢ MJSS10NARY RJ;V·Il~W OF 'tat WORJ.,D in writing to adverti~ers

THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY New Map (Continued from page 1034) of the Postage 7c. Central Committee on the United Study of Foreign Mis- NEAR EAST sions, West Medford, Mass. 1920. 30 in. x 42 in. Printed on map bond, in black, blue and red. This new united mission study text book is full of information, fascination and inspiration. Mrs.

Montgomery points out and inter- Full Mission Station information prets with her characteristc charm in inset; stations underscored on the missionary messages of the map. Bible, and then proceeds to tell of the wonderful results of Bi- Shows political boundaries since ble translation and distribution signing of Turkish Treaty. Rail- throughout the world. Under her roads up-to-date. skillful treatment statistics are not skeletons, but are clothed with Excellent for classes studying the flesh and have the breath of life. Near East. Noone can study this book with- Price $1.00 postpaid.

s. W. Boggs out being convinced that the Bible and the missionaries have been mu- 25 Madison Ave., New York tually essential to each other, and· both have been necessary to human s. Special edition for the Presbyterian ChUl ch in U. progress according to the divine .

A. may be ordered from Educationa1 Secretaty. p~.

Board of Foreign Mis!!IioDS. 156 Fifth Ave.• Nr:w Mrs. Montgomery not only re- York. Priee 75c.

ports the great facts as to Bible work, but tells many interesting incidents connected with its dis- tribution. Whereas it is estimated that 25,000,000 copies of Dickens'

works have been published since they first appeared seventy years ago, 35,000,000 copies of the Bible or Testaments were issued last year. The Bible surpasses all other "best sellers" in its circula- Prove tion. Missionary societies cannot That Y00 Can Hear! do better than to take up this in- teresting course of study. We do not expect those who are hard of hearing to take our word that the Acousticon will make Lamp Lighters Across the Sea. By them hear clearly once more-No one's word Margaret T. Applegarth. 12mo. should be taken for that. We do expect, $0.35 paper. $0.60 cloth. M. H. however, that for their own individual satisfaction, Leavis, West Medford, Mass. 1920. before giving np in discouragement, they will perInit us to loan them the This is the junior study book on Bible work in the world. It is 1920 Acousticon well written and adapted to Sun- day-schools and Mission Bands.

For 10 Days' FREE TRIAL Miss Applegarth has selected and retold many interesting stories NO DEPOSIT-NO EXPENSE 400.000 delighted users have given us this per- about the Book. mission to their relief and profit. Most of thPID had tried many other aids and treatments with.. Jewels from the Orient. By Lucy S. out avaiJ—-;but the Acousticon has patented feat.. Bainbridge. 12mo. 125 pp. Flemures which cannot be duplicated. So disregarding ing H. Revell Co., New York. l~:t~i.ast experience'i, write for ~ free triaJ 1920.

Dictograph Products Corporation Mrs. Bainbridge, who has been 1447 Candler Buildin.., New York (Continued on page 1037) Please mention THlC MISSIONARY Rlevntw 0" YRlC WORI.D in writing to advertisers

THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY Why Not Learn How to (Continued from page 1036) Teach While Learning intimately conected with missions. What to Teach?

in America, has also enjoyed the You can. You can have the expert help of a teacher of teachers, on every week's Sunday privilege of two journeys to the school lesson, in learning a fundamental teach- ing principle, illustrated and applied in teach- Orient. In these tours she gath- ing that very lesson.

ered information about missionary This unique lesson help appears every week in The Sunday School Times exclusively. It ewntoarlk~. and the life, stories of Ori- is prepared by Prof. Charles Calvert Ellis, These incidents and stories A. M., Ph. D., Vice-President and Professor of Education, Juniata College, Huntingdon, she tells to show what Christ is Pa. doing for these peoples. They are It brings to the teacher, every week, a plainly on such subjects as: "The Old stated fundamental principle 01 teachlng–B law recognized and used by modern education Lady Pilgrim from Hakone Moun- at its best, and shows how to apply that princi- ple in the lesson for that week. This is Teacher tain (Japan); "Sister Lotus, with Training of the most practical sort.

Split Tongue" (China) ; "She You will find your Bible study and teaching made easier and more interesting as you follow Would Not Dance" (Burma): and use the sound "learning and teaching" principles in this easily used form by one whose "The Family Treasure Box (In- lifework is education-hut education in the service of Him whom he rejoices to call Saviour dia). They are stories with point and Lord.

and purpose, and well suited for Every issue of The Sunday School Times con- tains thirteen other unique helps on the Interillustration or for reading aloud at national Improved Uniform Lessons, the finest series ever offered to the Sunday school world; mis'sionary meetings and sewing graded for different ages, yet binding the entire home and school together in Bible study. But . circles. all this is in only one department of A Pioneer of New Guinea. By Rev. Thousands of readers take the paper for its Edgar Rogers. 12mo. 3 shillings Editorials and Open Letters, its masterly arti- cles on Archreology, Missions, Ways of Work- net. S. P. C., London. 192p. ing, and its spiritual food and Victorious Life messages. Albert Maclaren was a pIOneer missionary of the Church of Eng- Remember also that The Sunday land who went out first to Australia in 1877 and then to New Guinea ten years later. Cannibalism and native warfare had to some extent come under the control of Christian principles and practices, but the pioneer work was fraught with hardship, danger and difficulty. The life is not so rich as that of James Chalmers, the "Greatheart" of New Guinea, but Mr. Maclaren was a man full of vigor and he had some in.teresting experiences. The story is written for boys, but is not told in a way that is likely to attract them.

School Times and its writers belie'IJe Education of Girls in China. By Ida and teach the whole Bible as the ~V>' Belle Lewis, Ph. D. Pamphlet. $1.20. Teachers' College, New inspired, infallible Word of ",'" <:P York. 1919. God, and the shed blood of eP~ '.o~ Dr. Lewis' thesis is not adapted to the general reader, but is worthy Jesus as the only but 17 of the attention of students of edu- 0<1' cational missions on foreign fields. sure way of salva- The study includes many statistical tion. ,,/'> tables' made up from educational reports, and facts quoted from ..# 0 ~~~THE Chinese documents. Dr. Lewis 11rst describes the ancient Chinese SUNDAY SCHOOL ~ TIMES COMPANY 1031 Walnut 5•• , Philadelphia, Pa. ~c~~~ ~" G-~V For the 25 cen tB enclosed please Bend 0<0' tbeSunday SchooJ Times for 10 weeks to .

Name………………………………. .

(Continued on page 1038) Address …………………………… ..

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THE MISSIONARY

( Continued from page 1037) I Latest ~t:f~~m Titles The Roeal Christ R. A. Torrey, D.D. education for women, and in con- Author oj "Fundamental Doctrines 0/ the Christian trast, the modern ideas and meth- Faith." ods. "For over 990 girls out of Witb rare spiritual discernment and with a deep intui- every thousand girls in China totive appreciation of the character of the Master, Dr. Torrey bas drawn a series 01 ma~h"rly and unforget- day education means obedience to table portraits of the maD Christ Jesus. 1;;1110. Net. $1.75 older members ()f the family, and Everybody's World Sherwood Eddy sreeqlfu-etrsatisn."ingDtro. compliance with all Lewis recommends While Imaginary I these new stories of the Christ are ml!ol!donary the autbur lay~ on our hearts the burden of a definite program to secure uni- . the crying neE>d of the nations. America's duty in the present crisb is defined witb convincing clearness. . versal school attendarice in govern-, Net, $1.90 Four HUherto Unpublbht>d Gospdr. ment or mission schools. Voca- Rrr; Wm E. Barton, D.D tional training is also advocated. Author oJ ··The 5.,,,1 oj ""',ruh"m f";nl"Oln" and practical education in branches While Imaginary. tbe~e new stories of tbe Christ are based on the New Testa:npnt rpl'ord and have great especially adapted to her enVironvalue and lnterest for the student of tb~ GOS1)~1~ ment. 12100. Net. 11.50 Story Worship Programs luJ.' tbe Cburch School year Rp. Ja, S SIDwell. M ". Mexicans and Spanish America::!.s in the United States. A Study pre- A Aeries of Ideal devotional programN for boy~ and pared by Jay S. Stowell. ParnfJhgirls covering evelY Sunday in thp Cburrb Schonl year. let. Home Missions Council. New Contains tbe material and suggt!stions wbich Junior aDd York. 1920. Intermediate workers have long wantc-d "Spanish Americans" constitute a 121110. Net. 11.50 special problem to missionary wI'rkers. Their characteristics, Ian.;. The Llle and Leiters o' St. ,.aul guage, customs and religious ideas are different from those of other . Ii"". florid S,nith. D.D. dasses. This study recognizes t1,e .4u,hor oJ ··Th" I)""" "I II,,. F'1,Hh u peculiarities of 1.1,000.000 inhabi- tants of the United States, and pre- This monumental Ufe of the great AIJO)ltlt' pre)lents tbe sents the facts concerning their rf!lo!ult!ol of arr'haeologifal nmling!ol and pl('bolarly tnv..stl· 1'00·erty. morals, illiteracy. re1;gion gallom~ or the pa~t two del'ades. Ol'tBvO with ~prl'·)01 .,1 and their l1e('d for American Chrisbtonutlful new maps in ~ol(jr Xt't. IU.IIO tian edu•.'atiul1. Must uf the space is devoted t() J study of the mission The Menace 01 Immorality In Church Sl houls among then;. The pam ph- It l closes with recommendatiuns for and Slate lip". J.,I", I( S,r.rUm. D D. a more com pit'll' allutment uf re- l'mUf_r (:,tI,,,.r,, R~,p'i"r Ch,,,,,'h ,.iplr "o~k spon~ibility. a union training school fOJ t'1'<tl}g('lical ministers, more Is Am~rka being destroyed like Am'lent Gre~(1't> And good literature and more adequate Rome by rmmuraUty? 1s the Fltartttng qu~~tton rat~~d religious instruction. IIlusl,·all·d. :['t. 11.7;; by Dr. Str.toD.

Tbe AI gonau.s of Faltb H…;t .unlit_I<'. ,,,,,,,, HrH'e. Au",." ,,/, Wi,h a Foreword fFt J,'h:'U.· ,".,",{itH,,.r" "/~;1'inl4l"O'i The advpntureR of the "Mayflower" Ptlgrtms told t()f young pe-oille. A mo~t complett! and ral:wlnalln~ story "'lIb colored IllUstrations and maps X'('l. SJ.i)t) T·be Found in g ..I aof",ah,l.lPoinrllr;msFranh IW G r. ." .

'"' Ston P1rtures with fascinattng gktll one of thE' mo~t <:.1~n(ft­ cant and eporhAI emigrations In tbe ble:tor} of mHn's flP8rC'h for individual liberty, Xct. 52.!!;) Talks to ~und"y "cbool Teach.. rs I,utlwr,of Wpillle The aCf"ompUshed author of "The Pupil and the Tearn· er" ("arrle~ on in thl~ new volume a continuatinn or his pkiIlful trearmento( teaching problems. Xct. 11.2:> h" Th~ Lord 01 Lite aod Ileatb Rev. J. D. Jones World Survey. Two voh'mes, Foreign _'ul.hdr of (l Mall Di.f!·· and Home. 4to Illustrated. Inter- church World Moveme't. 1923. The Expo!';itory Timt'~ Ray~ of thls F.xposl1ion of the Miraf'le of the raising ·of. Lazarul'1. "Here Is a volume These are the revised preliminary of purf> f'XJlO~itiOD the like of whkh we have heen told editions of the Interchurch Survevs. 1 We FlhouTd nfOver again ~f'e ,. X('u· Edition. N(~t. 11.:>0 They are natur811y very incomplete IJlble 1ypes u. Modern Men but they are graphic and impressive. They are very fully illustrated with 11"1" W. ''''ad..ir,tosh Murkay.. B. D. charts and maps, They are espec- Author of nTh", 1li.'wfI.ocP ""d R"IIJPuy uf Sin'· ially useful for editors and speaken.

In the~e tn~pirtng t{'rtures to young men Doctor Markay who know how to use incomplete drawB a series of rharaf'tf'r portl'ait~ of men 01 tOllay surveys to impress the need for the Gospel and the progress of missions. who~e qualities parallel those of the great mf'n of the B;hlp. :('" Edllioll. Xct. 11.15 Bible Types of Moder •• W·omen R"t,. W. ""'ul'kinfmch Mnckay. B. D. A"thor of hRiMp T·p~." "t Modprfl Men~· A series of lE'cturE's to young wornpn on Bible women and thpir mOfIt"rn PXf'mpiflrS X.·w I·:dliioll. X(lt. 11.7:> GEORGE H. DORAN COMPANY 244 Madi~on Avenue, New York P,:,bUahera in America for Hodder & Stoughton.

Please mention TuJt MlSSIOJilAlty. R.F;vucw 01' THI WORI.D in writing to acNertiser&

If You Were to Die Tonight What would become of your family? What would become of your estate? What would become of your good intentions to fur- ther the work of Christ's Kingdom?

If You Had Purchased Life Annuity Bonds Your family would have a stated income. Your estate would be automatically settled. Your good intentions would be fuJly realized.

For full infonnation send a postal card tu George M. Fowles. Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City, or W. J. Elliott, Treasurer of the Board of Home Missions anI Chuch EK- tension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa.

"Oh! For a Thousand Tongues CHRISTMAS to Sing EXTRAORDINARY My Dear Redeemer's Praise" Get EARTH'S GOLDEN DA Y- (The birthday of the Prince 01 Peace) A practical way of fulfilling for your Sunda.y S<>bool or Young this desire is offered through Peuple's ChriqtmUB Se:viC'e and you T~e American Christian :n~ha:t' ~:~~~~'. im~~J.!Vt·b~~:~ .Literature' Society for Mos!ems George 0, Wehster; music by J, H. RFV•.IAMUEL M. lWEMER, D. D., of Cam., p,.,H1.nl Jiillmore, Sa.mple sent tor 4 2-C'.cnt 8tn.mps. lt wil1 he worth the price if G' ROBERT E. SPEER. of ~·e·.f' York. Vic=e.P·e.idenl YlJU use but one song or exercise [rom it. DELAVAN L PJERSON, New York, Vice.Pte.ident Give Us your addr6S~ (or otherS Islam does not see the glory intAreo;;ted, a'ld WP wilt roMf fret" a n!'w of the Incarnation, the Atone- catalog' of C'hristm'ts services, cantatas, i"4,dtatl0:1S and diaJu~, 8010s. duets, ment and the Holy Trinity. and tric)A, quartets for wome'l's voices. also denies the integrity of the mt'n's voices, and anthr;,InS for mixed Scriptures. voices, 'There is, however. a new spirit HYMNS FOR TODAY. a new 1920 of inquiry everywhere and hymna.l for Sunda.y school a.nd ("hureh, Mohammedans are eager for cllHt,ain~ 20 rhr;stmas hymn~ and two C'hr'stmas sl'rvief> programs, Sampltj the Christian message. copy sent for exa.minatiun. Orches- The Literature published by trated. the Society is evangelical and I [r inter….t,t'( in Aunday School orchesadapted to the Moslem mind. tra musi~. you should know what we It goes even where no mission- have ',ur yuu. Write. aries are allowed.' .

II',. Fund,. ,,,,.,,prtll.v tI.-ed"d to prPflrh 'hI" Gnflfppl 'f' 10 Unl"III.n&Ma"1f throuiJl, ,1'0 ",.inlHl IJU/l8 FILtMORE MUSIC HOUSE .~PII" sift,.

MRS. E. E. OLCOTT. Tr••••r… 3ZZ We.. 75th St.. Ne.. York 527 Elm St. Cincinnati. O.

"'~r1te for Inrormatlon tn MRS. IA11F.S MONTr.011ERV,Se~'…y Rnx881l. New YOl"k Cit, Plc:ase mention TuJt .MISSIONARY R.&VI£W Oi' 'lB. WORLD in writing to advertise…

A WORLD AT WAR!

A WORLD AT PEACE!

In Both Cases It Needs Foreign Missions No Other Agency so Greatly Fosters INTERNATIONAL GOOD WILL and WORLD FELLOWSHIP The Church has the Message and the Power to go with it. Messengers are needed.

The Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions Calls for FIRST. ORDAINED MEN. The war lessened the number of Theological Students in the United States. We are ready to send Every Suitable Man. We must have First Class Men.

They are the great Evangelizers and to take only one instance, from Japan comes the startling statement:-"Today there are fifteen million more unevangelized people than there were when our ·Protestant Missionaries nrst arrived in Japan some sixty years ago."

SECOND. ED UCATORS. Both Men and Women for Grammar, High School and College. We need thoroughly prepared and e.xperi- .enced teachers. At Teheran, Persia, our Girls School is "scarcely ,able to hold its own, and this at a time when the Persians are very keen on education. Applicant after applicant turned away," for lack of equipment and teachers.

THIRD. DOCTORS. (both men and women) and Nurses. "Closed hospitals in Korea are sending out mute appeals for the guid- ing hands wmch will make the effectual instruments in the advance- ment of the Kingdom."

FOURTH. AGRICULTURAL WORKERS. India, SouthAmerica China and other lands are calling for them.

ALL OF THESE NEW RECRUITS must be: Missionary first and above all. Thoroughly equipped, of sound physical health, able to work well with other people, approximately between 25 and 35 years of age.

Write to the CANDIDATE DEPARTMENT PRESBYTERIAN. BOARD of FOREIGN MISSIONS 156 Fifth Avenue, New York Please mention THlC MlSSlONAllY REVlltW 01' 'tHlt WORLD in writing to advertisers

Spent Much of His Time'

. trainin~ the chi1dren of Israel in the rules of health.

Witness the longevity of the Hebrew race in spite of untoward circumstances.

The duty of the. church in adopting Sanitary Commup.ion Cups is imperative. In this for- ward step will "the " cliurch be mindful of its own.

The Sanitary Communion Outfit Company provides a tasteful and' inexpensive service; the noiseless, • highly polished wooden trays for. :the clips being; in .,keeping w~th .. church furniture. The Outfit adds to the beauty, solemnity. and •• repose of the Communion Service. ;:.

A Conservator of Health:· Make your communion service: not alone an uplifting of the spirit;: of your community but a rear'· conservator.of the health of your:. people.

Send for free descriptive booklet with catalogue and prices.

NOTE–In many States me laW-now fQrblda Sanitary Communion Outfit Co. the use of the single cup at the communioh 600 57th Street ili~i~· yJ~rs~~dl!2ai~;. n7h~~ ~t;~! ~~~~nhris~1an~nh:~!t~~rain~')~~mt~~~ Rochester, N. Y.

of communion for this very reason. If you have not yet adopted the modern. liIanitary communion cuP. let this be one of your first forward steps in 1920.

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Maclaren's Expositions Of HOLY

at One Third Less With Five Days' Examination Privilege to Missionary Review Readers 'I'IIis is a oet of boDks which you will prise iD ~he using; these with your Bihl. and your own fundamentallmowledge of things humaD and Divine, =ri!:." ewiiilDl.,,…a;rdid..e..8..).iiritTuha1eyan_d1llIIIrOIJDrIeadI..1.o.. .t and drink for yourself and those who look to you for spirilual leaching and uplift. Examine ~hem. Send 110 mOIl- you.~. priee now impossible to duplicate. The paper woe bough~. lhe printing and bindiog eODtraetod for long you may haTe ODe of the remaioiog seta .t • price I… by 30 per cent than "ha~ Ibis monumeotal_k ooId .1 in ita original and mora IS YOUR WORK EFFICIENT? tn… In a c tivdial)l'"looufehCghrueracthem~npiluluaiatii.obneinthgapiafeaielduruepoonf the moohoDiclaIan4 … • the real object of ~he ciaI ChUl'llh'8 miooIOOl is tntoned. Safoty agajnot ou.h. ClllUditionis provided only in the higheot spiritual equipment of preacher ct _ Tlte ~1riIIlollo1r ~otiol 101Ixed.and welHoteblishedJlOjDcipI… The money 10 equip and "ark the machinery of an active Chllreh 1Iilloome I'rMlJ ftoJa.•lIOOPie ftO 0111 "&ive a reason for lhe hope" that i. in them.

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The Missionary Review of the World — October 1920

XLIII· NUMBER

OCTOBER, 1920 AT THE GATE OF AFGHANISTAN JENNY DE MAYER A MOSLEM-CHRISTIAN DEBATE H. E. PHILIPS TURKISH IDEAS OF GOD GEORGE E. WHITE SOME THINGS MISSIONARIES NEED WALTER C. ERDMAN AND OTHERS PROGRAMS FOR MISSIONARY MEETINGS MRS. E. C. CRONK PROGRAMS ON THE BIBLE AND MISSIONS MRS. W. H. FARMER $2~50 A. YEAR . 25 CEl'-(T$ A COPY MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COlllPINY COOPERSTOWN, NEW YORK {56 FIFTH AVE., tmw YORK

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CONTENTS FOR OCTOBER. 1920 Page FRONTISPIECE-MISSIONARY EQUIPMICNT EDITORIAL COMMEKT …………………………………………… . 855 A MISSIONARY CONFICRlCNCE IN SWI'rZICRI,AND POLITICS AND RELIGION IN KOREA A FICI.WWSHIP OF FAITH . Nllw Hopll FOR MIlXICO RELIGIOUS RIlVIVAI,S IN CHINA AMERICA IN SANTO DOMINGO AT THE GATE OF AFGHANISTAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JIlNNY DE MAYER 864 A slory of mission-ary adventure in an effort to reach with the Gospel the people of the forbidden land of Afghanistan.

A MOSLEM-CHRISTIAN DEBATE …………………. REV. H. E. PHII.IPS 875 A sample of the questions and objections of a M aslem inquirer into the truth of Christianity, and the replies of a missionary. May be adapted for a missionary meeting at home. .

TURKISH IDEAS OF GOD ……………. PRESIDENT GEORGE E. WHI'rE, D. D. 885 What the Mohammedans of Turkey conceive to be the character and COn- duct of God as revealed in the Koran, and pictured in their traditions.

SOME THINGS MISSIONARIES NEED ………………………………. 891 Letters from missionaries telling of the equipment needed from America in order that they may accomplish their best work in mission IStations, thousands of miles from the base of supplies.

WALTER C. ERDMAN, KORICA PAUL W. HARRISON, ARABIA MRS. C. F. BERNHeISEL, KORICA MRS. JOHN VAN Ess, ARABIA MRS. A. K. REISCHAUER, JAPAN MRS. GUY W. HAMILTON, CEINA PAUL BURGIlSS, GUATEMALA MARY W. RIGGS, TURKEY EDITH C. DICKIIC, CHINA AI.DA B. ATCHISON, EGyPT RODERICK McLEOD, TmlC'1' JACOB A. RICIS, WIlST AFRICA MAUDIC NICWICI.I. WILLIAMS, SOUTH AMERICA BEST PROGRAMS FOR MISSIONARY MEETINGS …… MRS. E. C. CRONK 911 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN .. EDITIlD BY MRS. WM. H. FARMER 919 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ……………………………………….. 923 NEW BOOKS 942 MISSIONARY PERSONALS 943 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cent!'. Single copies, 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1920, by Missienary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Cooperstown, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

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!i ltobert ~. Speer, Pr..ident. Frank 1,. Brown, Vice-President. De1.yl.Il PieRon. Secretall' Walter McDou~, Trcuurcr 3J~U~li=;D 0 ee, Cooperatown, $2'!O y~ year ~ E;ditorial and BU~::.'Yor~cCi~56 Pilth Avenue, Ilar•a£n3,te1r8e7d9. .1 aecond-cl… matter at the POltoftice Cooperstown, New York, under the Ac;t of COP1rilrhted, 1920 As Barnum did it: a white elephant from trunk to tail The White Elephant of Siam ONE of the biggest fakes ever con- The real sacred white elephant;_ cocted-as laughable a story as ever from a sketch made on the spot has been told! P. T. Barnum perpetrated it, and an unsuspecting public, loving to A mo"g other good features, 0/ the October Isolle: be fooled, fell for it. You know the white elephant of the East-sacred keeper of the spirits of royalty- himself a dweller in regal palaces-with retinues of priests and servant~! There was Barnum's offer- $250,000 for the loan of the elephant for a year-priests, attendants, etc'! What happened, how a ruse was invented, its success, are told in the remembrances of Charles Mayer's circus days, in AS'IA The Story of Willard Straight The American MAGAZINE on the Orient The tale of a young American of vision and action in More Tho" 60 IlIlIstratio"s- the fascinating life of the East. laving the foundation Art I"sert of 8 pages I" Color for today's great International Consortium for loans to China which may solve the Far Eastern Problem. This "ts the first of a series of adventure stories of the business of catching wild Louis Graves. animals alive-the tale of the great python, for instance, for show purposes. ASIA en- The Way of the Farmer in Japan tertains-;-but does much more. It widens one's visions in a sweeping view of a conti- And how Japan's victorious army and navy. and the smoking chitnneysofOsaka,reston the bent back of the nent rich in new endeavor and beau tv and farmer and his wife. standing up to their knees in their in vital interest to the every-day American; paddy fields, raising no less than 4,000 diiferent kinds of rice. Robertson Scott.

On the Trail of the Lord Tiger l:iuntingthe big animal in IndoMChina. H.C.Flowe'T h.

Hero Hunting in Persia Meeting the Khans of Centr~llran. HaToldWeston.

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MISSIONARY

MEW'

VOL. OCTOBER, 1920 NUMBER XLIII TEN.

A MISSIONARY CONFERENCE IN SWITZERLAND A NUMBER of American and British foreign missionary leaders met from June 22 to 29 inclusive, in Crans, Switzerland (near Geneva), to confer on the present missionary situation, and the ways of increasing cooperation among Protestant missionary for,ces. It was an aftermath of the Edinburgh Conference. This year was set for !1nother decennial gathering, and the meeting was to have been held in Germany. The war prevented the carrying out of the program, and only a small number of leaders gathered in Switzerland for an informal conference. Dr. Charles R. Watson, one of the delegates, reports that the conference gave careful consideration to the future of interna.tional missionary organization and agreed upon proposals to be submitted to the national missionary organizations, and through them to the missionary societies and boards in the dif- ferent countries for their consideration. The conference also gave long and careful consideI'ation to the present position of German missions. Having no authority as an international body to take ac- tion, the conference decided to submit to the national missiopary organizations in the different countries a report of the chief points brought out in its deliberations with a view to their taking such ac- tion as may seem to them right.

Thirty-seven missionary leaders came together from fourteen different countries and representing practically every national area maintaining Protestant missionary work. The members of the con- ference were not sent as delegates or representatives of societies or . churches. Each represented rather the totality of missionary interests within the country and nation from which he came. The British delegation included, among others, Dr. J. H. Ritson, secretary of the British and Foreign Bible Society, who is chairman of the standing committee of the conference of British missionary socie- ties; also Kenneth Maclennan, the executive secretary of the same 855

body. Rev. C. C. Bardsley, honorary secretary of the Church Missionary Society, Dr. Henry T. Hodgkin, until recently secretary of the Friends Association, and J. H. Oldham, secretary of theF..dinburgh Continuation Oommittee. There were also present Bishop Westcott, Metropolitan of India and Ceylon, whose tireless labors for. the shepherding Df destitute German missionaries during the war must never be forgotten; Bishop King, recently of Madagascar and now secreta1'!Y of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel; and Rev. W. Goudie, secretary of the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society, who gave two sons to be offered up on the altar of the great conflict. The pres.ence of M. Allegret and M. Couve, the French representatives, meant more to the conference than either of them ever can realize, because of their clear thinking, their practical wisdom and their manifestation without false sentiment of the spirit of Christian service. There were also Dr. Karl ]'ries of Sweden, Dr. Gunning of Holland, Mr. F. Wurz Df Switzerland, Dr. Anet of Belgium, Dr. Torm of Denmark, Dr. Tarkanen of Finland and Dr. Julius Richter, Dr. Haussleiter and Bishop Henning from Germany. The North American representatives included Dr. S. J. Corey of the Foreign Christian Missionary Society, Dr. James Endicott of the Board of Foreign Mis,sions of the Methodist Church in Canada, Galen M. Fisher of the Y. M. C. A. in Japan, Dor. Alfred Gandier, principal of Knox College, Canada, Canon Gould of the Missionary Society of the Church of England in Canada, Dr. John R. Mott, Bishop Roots of China, Dr. W. E. Strong of the American Board, F. P. Turner of the Committee of Reference and Counsel, Dr. Arthur J. Brown of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, Dr. L. B. Wolf Df the United Lutheran Church and Dr. Charles R. Watson, for merlysecretary of the United Presbyterian Board. The chairman was Bishop L. H. R00ts of Hankow, China, and Rev. J. H. Oldham acted as secretary.

Dr. Watson reports as follows: "The meeting at Crans marked, first of all, the restoration of world missionary contacts. The war has driven American thinking out into a world horizon, and we are quite ready to admit the suggesfive and corrective values of national viewpoints other than our own. But restored international contacts carry more than enrichment of thought. There was a spiritual power and richness in the conference that must be ascribed in part to the international character of the meeting. When disciple'S of Christ, endeavoring to represent the noblest and most generous instincts of the Christian communities they represent, come together with the deliberate intention of finding their unity in a common Lord, their divine Master in turn graciously honors their efforts and pours out upon such a gathering His Spirit in a rich consciousness of His presence and power. ",l1. second striking feature of the prog.ram was the considera-

EDITORIAL COMMENT 85'

tion of the present and future of German Missions. This is a delicate subject but it was faced with frankness and ea~estne'Ss. The conference, having no power to act officially, prepared a report with recommendations which will be submitted to the missionary organizations of the different cQuntries interested with a view to their taking such action as may seem right.

"A third item of interest related to the formulating of a mi'Bsionary educational policy in the light of the steadily increasing tendency of governments to assume responsibility for education and in the light of further problems emerging out of the rising nationalistic spirit in many mission fields. The importance of the 'Subject to Anierican missionary agencies, with their great universities and colleges, is altogether obvious: When missions and governments touch each other as closely as they do in these educational activities, surely the time has come for the missionary leadership of America to seek to understand sympathetically the educational ideals of other countries, and to discover points of personal contact with the educational leaders of these governments.

" A fourth feature of the program was the discussion of a future international missionary organization, since the conference at Crans was in no sense itself a permanent or official organization. A new world situation, created by the six years of war needs to be provided for, so that the conference gave considerable time to the question of the future of international missionary organization. Their proposals are being submitted to the national missionary organizations and through them to the missionary societies and boards in the different countries. "

On the whole we believe that the experiences of the conference mark in a signal way the spirit of Christ triumphant over many problem'S and moving forward powerfully in the constructive processes which are to be used by the Holy Spirit to spread the Gospel of Christ and to establish the Kingdom of God.

A FELLOWSHIP OF FAITH* T HERE is a force in the world which brings us into touch with God and which makes all things possible. This force is faith. Weare apt to regard faith as an intangible thing, but it is scarcely less tangible than electricity. As we understand the laws that govern the ~lectric current, as we learn the .lines . upon which it will work, so do we see certain proofs of its power and we are able to harness it to fulfil our behests. Faith too has its laws, faith too is an active, working force and it is possible to apply it to the crying needs of our own day and generation and to have ocular demonstration of what it can do.

·Prepared for "A Fellowship of Faith for Moslems" by Miss Jennie B. Logan of .London.

The Bible magnifies the value of the individual in God's sight and shows that the faith of one man can accomplish miracles, but .it also shows that it is in a fellowship of faith that faith can be most productive, and it is to a fellowship of faith that many of the :most exalted promises are made. "If ye (plural) have faith as a grain of mustard seed, ye shall say unto this mountain, Re- move hence to yonder place; and it shall remove; and nothing shall be j,mP<lssible unto you." (Matt. 17 :20). This is a promise to faith, united,- active and aggressive. It is in a living fellowship that mountain-removing faith is to be found.

Again the Master says: "Verily, I say unto you, Whatsoever ye (plural) shall bind on earth shall be bound in heaven; and whatsoever ye shall loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven. Again I say unto you, that if two of you shall agree on earth as touching anything that they shall ask, it shall be done for them of my Father which is in heaven." (Matt. 18:18, 19). Unless prayer is the voice of faith it is but a meaningless repetition of words or a form of moral, spiritual or intellectual gymnastics, but prayer that arises from a living fellowship of faith, even when that fellowship consista of only two members, is, our Lord teaches us, a power in heaven and on earth. God the Father graciously undertakes to do.

for such a fellowship anything that they shall ask. .

Th~ Bible teems with illustrations of the actual working value of faith and fellpwship combined. Was it not a fellowship of faith that overthrew Jericho T What was Gideon's little band of three hundred but a fellowship of faith? What was Jehosaphat 's army as it went out against Ammon,' Moab and Seir but a fellow- ship of faith, with the words "Believe in the Lord your God" ring- ing in their ears and the song of praise upon their lips T In the New Testament see that little group of intercessors pleading with God for the Apostle Peter. Prison, chains, four quaternions of soldiers, the wrath of Herod, certain death confronting him,- "but prayer" (Acts 12:5)! A fellowship, of faith, humble be- lievers whose faith was indeed but as a grain of mustard seed, pleading with God in the background and where now are the soldiers, the chains, the keepers, the prison doors! Heavenly forces have been put in motion, God has moved, and the miracle is an accomplished fact.

It has been the writer's glad privilege to witness spiritual movement in more than one place in answer to the united, per- sistent pleading with God of a company of His believing people.

Nothing seems impossible to such a fellowship. They know- that faith does but pave the way for the Almighty God to work, they rely uP<ln His promises, they plead them before His throne, and they are confident that the answer to their petitions, though it tarry, will surely come. They abound in hOlle by the power of

EDITORIAL COMMENT

the Holy Spirit, and there is no situation too dark and difficult for tJiem to face because there is nothing too hard for their God.

Each member of a fellowship of faith may rest assured that every effort to enlighten the darkness of the world, every prayer offered, every sacrifice made is counting towards a glorious consummation. Hidden he may be, fe~ble he may seem, but his labor is not in vain in the Lord. Divers go down to lay mines beneath a dangerous rock, toil day after day in loneliness and discomfort and see no result for their labors. The great rock seems as stedfast as ever, as menacing to life and property, but the day comes when the last diver has done his work, the last connecting link is made and by the slightest touch an infant can blow the mighty structure to pieces. So let us not despise the day of small things when no results are visible. The tiny prayer-meeting, two or three gathering to pray, the young missionary struggling to express imperfectly in a foreign tongue something of our Heavenly Father's love to a group of indifferent or opposing people, all such efforts are in the plan, all are vital and important. As we pray, as we give, as we go, we may be conscious that this is our divinely appointed task and that we may claim and receive divine equipment for it, and that it is leading up to the final overthrow of this false religion, and that in it all "we are laborers together with God."

RELIGIOUS REVIVALB IN CHINA M ANY signs of renewed religious activity in China are reported by the Chinese Recorder of Shanghai. These are not by any means confined to Christianity but include Confucianism and Buddhism. Dr. Chen Huan Cheng 'Started a Confucian Society several years ago, and while this organization is not very active, Confucian ethics are being linked up to modern ideas, and societies are being formed all over the land to promote this teaching. Governor Yen of Shansi has been especially active in the promotion of Confucian Humanism.

Buddhism is also -showing new signs of life, or at least of renewed activity. Two new BuddhIst magazines have appeared, one of them having contributions from ex-president Li Yuan Hung, and from the Governor of Yunnan. Both magazines contain articles by students educated in America. Plans are also announced for a new Buddhist center, with an institutional temple on a large scale. The Governor of Yunnan has "Sent Bu,ddhist missionaries to Eastern Chekiang to promote Buddhism, and other priests are active in various parts of China. One monastery in Kansuh ordained one thousand Buddhist monks in one year, and in the Yangtse Valley many temples' are being rebuilt and repaired. Buddhist literature is also being produced and distributed.

The Christian forces in China are awake to the situation, and are respOnding in some degree to the new religious interest: The China Continuation Conunittee has appointed a special Committee' on work among Buddhists, and plans have been drawn for a Christian Institute to be devoted to work among Buddhist monks and lay workers. Rev. K. L. Reichelt, the author of these plans, has been led to devote his whole ti~e to work among Buddhists. An ex-monk who has become a Christian is preparing to engage in this work if the funds can be secured to found the Institute. This is only one of the many signs that the missionaries and Chinese leaders are awake to the situation, and are endeavoring to marshal their material – and spiritual forces to extend the Gospel of Christ.

POLITICS .AND RELIGION IN KORE.A T HE Rev. Frank Herron Smith, for many years a Methodist mis- sionary stationed at Seoul, Korea, writes that in the nine m<?nths sinC€ Baron Saito made his entry into Seoul, a sufficient period has elapsed to make reasonably clear the general trend of his policy and administration. Two needed reforms in the government of Korea were made before Baron Saito left Tokyo. Until last sununer it was required that the Governor-General of Korea be a general or an admiral, and as such the ruler of Korea was under the Minister of War or the Navy, and not directly responsible to the Prime Minister or to the people of Japan. This plan was discarded last .August and Korea was given a civil administration under the con~ trol of the Premier.

The second reform ordered in Tokyo was the abolishment of the gendarme or military police 'System. It was in some respects like martial law, where the civil rulers had nothing to do with the policing ;)f the country. The control of the press and of sanitary and medical matters was also lodged in this department and in many cases the policy pursued was repressive, not to say oppressive. Bef.ort) Barop Saito left Tokyo it was decided to abolish this system and to establish a Department of Police .Affairs under a separate head. This was a great reform and the spirit .of the police force is being gradually transformed.

The next reform that attracted attention was the .order for the abolition of flogging, which was issued last October and took effect April 1st. Certain reactionaries left in minor posItions in Korea said that flogging could not be abolished, as it would ruin discipline and there would not be room enough in the jails to accommodate all the offenders, many of whom were too poor to pay fines. There has been difficulty in preventing cruel treatment of prisoners by the poliC€ and gendarmes. They have been accustomed to using torture in the examination of prisoners regardless of their guilt or innocence.

1920]· EDITORIAL COMMENT

Under date of March 20, this year, Mr. Akaike, the new police head, issued instructions condemning the use of torture.

Baron Saito ha:s been doing away with discrimination between the Japanese and Koreans. He has placed the Korean and Japanese teachers and officials on an equal salary basis. He has begun prAparations for a university for Seoul. There are already four higher institutions, a law college, a medical college, a technical college and an agricultural college. He has speeded up the proposed educational program considerably and is establishing new common schools at the rate of one hundred a year. Baron Saito has provided a kind of recognition that will allow missionaries to conduct schools that are not fully up to the government standard in aTI respects and with considerable freedom in fixing the course'S of study and also with the privilege of introducing compulsory Bible study and chapel exercise'S. They will also have much freedom in the use of the Korean language in teaching. Under the old regime it was required in the common schools that Japanese be taught ten hours a week.

Church and mission property, of which there is a ·large amount in Korea, has hitherto been held largely in the name of some indi~ vidual, but now a corporation may be formed to hold the property of any mission, and, what is of more importance, for the corporation law is not a new one, the property may be transferred to this corporation at a nominal fee.

The gendarmes were the censors in the old regime and were too strict, not only with regard to particular articles, but they would allow only a very limited number of papers to be established. Under the new regime three new Korean dailies have already been started at Seoul and at least one paper may be founded in each province. Many new magazine'S are also being founded.

It is Baron Saito'S purpose to introduce autonomy as rapidly as possible and local and national assemblies are now in process of f.ormation. Even during the uprising last year first of the thirteen Governors were Korean'S. Forty-four judges and procurators and 204 county magistrates, not to mention many other officials, are Koreans. The Koreans, as a whole, are not satisfied. They say frankly that they want not reforms, but independence.

With the modified policy of the Japanese Government there is a brighter outlook for peace and progress. While the Koreans are not in the least reconciled to Japanese domination, they recognize the . futility of any attempt to gain their independence by force. The Japanese Government-General is also endeavoring to conciliate the Koreans, and to win the cooperation of the Chri'Stian missionaries. With the rem.oval of the prohibition against teaching religion in private educational institutions, most of the mission schools that have' been closed are to be reopened this autumn. Reports from Korea indicate a great turning of the people toward Christianity. Schools,

hospital's and churches are crowded, and missionaries write that the opportunity for spreading the Gospel is greater than ever before.

Rev. J. A. S. Toms, of the Southern Presbyterian Mission reports that in South Korea there are evidences of a Christward movement similar to that which took place in the North some twelve years ago. Among the more intelligent people, especially the young men, there ha'S been a decided movement toward the Church. In Fusan and Tongnai even the unbelieving shop keepers have agreed to observe Sunday as a day of rest. Last April the Pyeng Yang college students' evangelistic band went to Fusan and Chengju and held crowded meetings at which many decided to become Christians. Meetings were held in' some churches from five to six A. M. every morning, and churches 'Seating 4()0 were crowded to the doors. All day meetings were also held and were well attended by adults who spent the evenings in personal work for unbelievers. On one evening 1250 were admitted to one of the, meetings by ticket. Churches have united to organize large evangelistic campaigns this autumn, covering the whole district. Helpers' meetings are held to train workers and there is an unu'Sual zeal on the part of Christians for preaching the Gospel to unbelievers. Groups of new converts are already being gathered in various villages as a result of the work of these lay workers, and are asking for admission to the Church.

An increasing interest in education is also reported from Korea. Rich and poor, coolie'S and officials, are sending their sons and daughters to mission schools. Some of these schools are so crowded, says Dr. D. J. Cumming of the Southern Presbyterian Church, that an enlargement of dormitory and teaching space is necessary. Many 'Smaller pupils are obliged to sit on the floor because there are not sufficient benches, and some can only attend school in relays.

In this forward movement there lies both opportunity and danger. Superficial work will mean weakness for Church and State, and education that is not thoroughly Christian will only strengthen the forces that are opposed to Christ and the best interests of the Koreans. On the other hand, a thorough training of future Christian leaders among the men and women of all classes in Korea will mean the protection and improvement of morals, of intellect, of industry and of social life in the homes, in politics, in business and in the spiritual life of the people.

NEW HOPE FOR MEXICO P EACE seems finally to be dawning in Mexico. The murder of Carranza, although without justification or excuse, has removed one of the factors that made the reconciliation of rivals impossible; the surrender of Villa has disposed of another disturbing element, and the selection of Adolpho de la Huerta as a non-military President gives some hope for an end of the martial law that has pre-

EDITORIAL COMMENT

vailed in Mexico-wherever any law has been recognized-during the past decade. The religious attitude of the new government is not yet made clear, or the effect on Roman Catholic and Protestant activi- ties but the latest change in governmental cont'l"ol seems to meet with popular approvaL While Mexico is not yet quieted down, and it will be many months before normal conditions are re'Stored, the Mexicans are weary of war and long for peace and for freedom from military dictation. The masses are not yet educated, or fitted for enlightened self-government, so that their great need is for moral and intellectual training to fit them for free, yet not unbridled, self-expression. The new President, General Obregon, was elected in September and he will take office December 1st. In the meantime, the Mexican Congress of the present Government is 'Seeking to remedy abuses, to stabilize the monetary system and to restore normal conditions generally in domestic and foreign relations.

Missionaries in Mexico report unusually large congregations at Protestant services, many inquirers into evangelical truth and ex- pectations of a large enrolment in mis'SiQn schools. The outlook is brighter than at any time in the past fifteen years, and an unusual opportunity is offered for the carrying out of the cooperativtl mis- sionary program for the benefit of the Mexicans. < AMERICA IN SANTO DOMINGO SOME time ago when the newspapers carried large heaqlines stating that Spain had requested the United States to get out of Santo Domingo, it was the first intimation to the aVfrage reader that the United States was "in." As a matter of faQt she is in, and has a large sized program ahead in establishing an orderly government on this second largest island of the West Indies. < Hygiene, sanitation and morality are at a low ebb in Santo Domingo. There is no color line, for Spanish, Indians and blacks intermarry. The high cost of marriage, the priests being notorious profiteers, is the reason for the large percentage of children born out of wedlock. Gambling is everywhere prevalent. Two of the four or five hospitals on the island are chiefly supported by lotteries operated for their benefit. < The African Methodist Episcopal Church has the oldest Prot- estant mission in Santo Domingo, established in 1830. Moravians, Wesleyan Methodists, Free Methodists, the Episcopal Church, and possibly others, are now at work. A united program for the next five years will be worked out by evangelical denominations. In- stitutional churches will be established in the capital and other centers. • Missio1Q1] Stations …… MiJsostlrdneelMfSa1oJfet' – Rail,.oads .— Boundaries Dr~…. for "Th_ Mi…o,,1W3' Rev;.w of th. W""ld" from a .ketch by Mis. de Mayer THE FORBIDDEN LAND OF AFGHANISTAN Showing the Journeys of Miss Jenny de Mayer and the principal Protestant Mis sion Stations near the borders_

the Gate of Afghanistan·

An Attempt to Take the Gospel Into the Closed Fortress BY JENNY DE MAYER, SAMARKAND, CENTRAL ASIA Miss de Mayer, who is a Russian by birth, has had a very remarkable and interesting career. She is highly educated, speaks several languages, and has been actively engaged in missionary work in her own country and in other parts of Asia. She worked for some time as a missionary evangelist in the Ukrane and other parts of Russia, and among the Sarts in the Caucasus. A few years ago she went to Jidda, the seaport of Mecca, and there endevored to establish a dispensary and Bible shop, but it was closed by the authorities. She has traveled extensively in Central Asia, always witnessing as a Christian missionary and distributing tracts in the language of the people. A few years ago she visited Meshed on the Persian border of Afghanistan and looked across into tl:].e closed mountain land where no Christian missionary is allowed to enter. She tells in this article of her efforts in behalf of the Afghans and of her desire to go into that country, even though it may cost her her life. Miss de Mayer is a self-supporting missionary and has devoted much of her time and money to the translation and distribution of the Gospel and other Christian literature in various languages. We hope that friends who read this article will join in earnest prayer for Miss de Mayer and the work she is doing.-THI~ EDITOR.

MAiNYmissionaries to Mohammedans 'Seemed to hear the crack in the "Walls of Jericho" in the brief newspaper report that the Ameer of Afghanistan had taken Merw, the chief town and ancient Capital of Tllrcomania, now a part of Turkistan. If the Turooman:s should become incorporated into Afghanistan, if Koushka and Karky-formterly Afghan towns, but for the last decades Russian border fortresses should also return to their former principality, this must mean that the isolation of Afghanistan is nearing its end. This would be the "crack" in the northern walls of the Afghan Jericho.

The Turcomans have always been knoWn for their independent spirit, being rather indifferent Mohammedans, very prone to appropriate European ways and Russian education. Can we then expect them to agree to isolation from Chri"stian–.or Western civilization, such as is encumbent on the subjects of the AmeerT Will the Afghans around Koushka and especially Karky,. who have for years freely mixed with infidel merchantmen, soldiers and officials, submit to the exclusion of any relation with the "Kafir," which was their status before Russia took by peaceable force these Afghan

border townsfI do not think so. I would call the Ameer's invasion of Turcomania a "victory of Pyrrhus"-one which, though outwardly a success, means a sapping of the victor's vital forces.

Some of us have for years been going .around .Afghani-stan as the Israelites march around Jericho-silently, seemingly foolishly, accomplishing nothing apparently, but sticking to the God-given commission to encompass and ultimately enter the walled stronghold. We believe that we may soon see the whole state of things over there change, and-if the Lord tarrie'S-the young generation may find an open door into the land itself. ~he hopes, failures, sufferings and sacrifices of the older generations for Afghanistan may bear fruit. As soon as the Lord's commission for work amongst the Mo- hammedans of Russian Central Asia or Turkestan had come to me and had been fully accepted, the call of Afghanistan sOlUlded my heart. I do not know from whence the voice came-I did not know more about the land and people than did any other educated Russian:"""I had never read a book about it· and therefore from the first '1 took that call to be God-given. I began to work as an itinerant Bible-woman in Turkestan and all my strength, means and time were given to that new and needy field. But there was a distinct undercurrent in my soul which drew me towards Afghanistan. I decided to enter, not knowing at all what it involved.

In Russian territory it is necessary to have the Government's approval of all we undertake so that I always had my "papers" in g.ood order and acted as a loyal subject. But when the call of God overstepped the boundaries of political, or police regulations, I quietly overstepped them also. I sought an audience of the Government-General of Turkestan, General Samsonoff, and asked him whether the Russian Government had any objection to my entering Afghanistan with the Holy Scriptures. The General looked at me "Some time silently .and then said in a sneering tone: " Not the least! but you will find yourself dangling from the first tree over there!"

"Why ISO?" I asked, very much astonished. "Do you not know that no Christian, especially no Russian, is allowed to enter .A.fghani-stan 7" . "No, I did not know that." "Maybe you speak Persian so weU that you can disguise yourself under the purdah and pa'Ss yourself off for a Mohammedan WQllIl.all 7' , "Oh no!" said I, "even if I did speak well enough to pass for a native Mohammedan, I would not do so. That is not the right way for a Christian missionary to enter a Mohammedan country, No lie for mel"

AT THE GATE OF AFGHANISTAN

"Well," he said, "it means death for you-good-bye." I was much puzzled but not in the least discouraged. I left the general and somehow felt that I had better not speak to anyone . else about my plan, but that I would set to its. accomplishment in the most quiet way. I had been, from my first appearance in Turkestan, an object of wonder and suspicion to the Russian officials and police. They could not understand why a lady who might lead an. easy life should take upon her the life of a "pedler for Christ's sake" amongst the despised Mohammedans, with all that such a life involved.' There was the continual fear in the official mind that some treachery was intended, since we were so near to India and the sphere of British influence. . ,About the same time I received a letter from a prominent missionary to Mohammedans, who had invited me to come to the Lucknow Conference in 1911. I had written to him that I would try to ,come through Afghanistan and in his reply he said: "If indeed you should come to Lucknow through Afghanistan-you would be the heroine of the Conference." This puzzled me more than the General's words and I decided not to mention Afghanistan any more to anyone. The thought of being made a "heroine" seemed worse' to me than dangling from a tree. With a consciousness of the Lord's approval in my heart, I set quietly to work to prepare for the task. I had to learn the Persian langua~ge, with which I could manage fairly well in Afghanistan. After the summer's itinerating was over, the late fall rains made traveling through the country nearly impracticable, and I resorted to Bokhara where I lived for some months in the Ajmeer'~ dispensary for women. Bokhara's reigning family was of Persian origin and although a bloody revolt against the prevailing influence of Persian officials had recently swept through the Khanat the Persian language is the accepted one and its derivatum-the "tadjick"-is used by the population. With great difficulty I found a teacher who really knew how to teach Persian, whil'St I acquired some knowledge of "tadjiek" by attending the dispensary. But the mollahs of Bokhara found out that I was a . missionary, although I was not able to do any work or even talk much a,t that tim,e, and insisted that I leave the town. They threatened to forbid the Mohammedan women to come to the dispensary if I stayed there. ~ went away and lived alternately at Samarkand and Tashkent, taking private lessons from a Persian Mirza who some years later became my collaborator in the tran'Slation of parts of the Scriptures and of religious tracts into the Sart language. At Tashkent I entered the officer's college of Oriental languages and made good progress. While there, by God's good providence, one of the teachers, an officer of Armenian descent, who some years before had traveled incognito throuJgh Northwestern India

and knew English fairly well, had been asked by the 'Chief of the General Staff to translate a Book on Mghanistan from English into Rus.sian. He asked me to go over his translation "With him and I was thus enabled to read the book and to gather much knowledge of the geography and history of Mghanistan. The minute map of the Russian General Staff also helped me to prepare to make myself at home in ,.A;fghanistan. I came to know the roads to Kabul as well as if I had trodden them already. I knew tha.t I would have to go for miles through barren :sand, slowly ascending toward the high mountain passes,by the wonderful mysterious human figures and faces cut into the rocks by unknown hands (some think by the army of Alexander the Great on his way to India). I would be burned by day by the fierce sun, chilled by the frost at night, in peril of robbers; traveling on and on till Bamian was reached and with it the more fertile river-fed plains. Then the road swerves to the East and brings one to Kabul, that forbidden town, a hot-bed of diseases, but surrounded by luxuriant vegetation. Then through the southeastern gate the road leads down to Djallalabad and through the mountains to the ridge of the tableland, and down the Khaibar-Pass into India! I knew at that time every large station from the Amou-Darya down to the Indian frontier, for I knew that I would not be allowed to carry a map with me-except I had it imprinted on my memory.

When summer came and the regular itinerant work through the villages of Turkestan began, the Lord sent me on a special errand to Patta-Hissar. I did not understand the meaning then, but it came out clear and gladdening after awhile, when I :Q.ad gone by faith down the dark path.

Patta-Hissar, or as the Russians call it-Termaze, is the southernm'Ost town of the Khanat of Bokhara, situated on the right bank of the river .Amou-Darya, which alone separates it from Mghanistan. The same barren sandy desert with low hills 'Stretches on both sides of the river. My heart was strangely moved· when, after six days of lonely travel through the Khanat, I reached the river and looked across to the land of my deep desire and purpose. With God's help I would open through it a trail for the messengers of Christ. By faith I took possession of that dreary looking land-'barren and clesed, but included in 'our Lord's commission to his disciples and in his plan of Salvation for the world.

I went around the bazaar in that part of the fortress Patta- Hissar which was outside the big gates and where the "crethi and plethi, " alike in every oriental town, led their drowsy life; my Scripture parts for Mohammedans, Jews, Grousinians, Armenians, and Russians, were eagerly accepted. I visited also the caravanserai for Afghans and distributed Scripture parts in Pashtou, their 'native language.

I had met with the Afghans before in nearly every town of the West and in Middle Turkestan: I had tried to come in contact with them in order to find out how to approach them best. They were very different from the Mohart:m1edans of Turkestan: not clean shaven, but with long unkempt hair, protruding from under an unorderly wound turban, mostly unwashed; with white baggy trousers and tight jacket.s adorned with bra-ss buttons. They do not have their wives with them-I have never seen an Afghan woman. Their features are sharp cut with big, mostly hooked, noses, in sharp contrast to the large fiat Mongolian face of the Sart and also with the more delicate features and remarkably fine noses of those who claim Persiau or even Arabic blood. The .A)fghan nearly always will meet you with the -suspicious and con- temptuous glance of one who is looking at a possible foe and at an unmistakable "Kafir." I was thus acquainted with the defiant glance with which the Afghans at the caravan-serai at Patta- Bissar met me, but I knew also that I had turned some of them into friendliness.

On the steamer which took me from Patta-Hissar down the Amou-Darya to the old town of T-shardjouy, I met a miserable group of pilgrims from Mecca. They had returned by way of India and Afghanistan and complained bitterly of the cruelty and greed of their co-religionnaires, whom they cursed as if they were infidels. From this "accidental" meeting bprang forth the work amongst pilgrims and my journey to Jidda (Djeddah) on a pilgrim ship.

This jQurney to the seaport of Mecca was a most interesting experien~. We carried between the ports of the Black Sea and Jidda 5;000 Hohammedans from Kashgar, T'urke-stan, Afghanistan, Persia and t1tc Caucasus. ,Each party was assigned its place in the bowels of the big ship-and the .Afghans, who seem to be looked upon by our Turkestan people as the pariahs amongst the Mohammedans of that part of the world, had their place in the lowest and worst part of the' steamer. I was on board as "Sister of Mercy" for the pilgrims. There were also some Russian men appointed to care for the sick pilgrim;s and when these refused point blank to have anythitig to do with the Afghans, I gladly took them over, one and all, as my special charge. I wa-s at first greeted by the scowl showing' snspicion and aversion to the Ohristian woman but they came quickly to understand that I was their friend and allowed me to care for their sick ones. .

I remember especially two of them, an old Mullah, whom I had treated for his rheumatisniand who came to like me as if I was his daughter, and a young man whose "SOre foot had been cared for by the surgeon. When we reached Jidda, and the party of about 40 men em~

harked on the picturesque Arab sailing boat that was to carry them to the desired port, they gave me such a hearty fa.rewell, with so many "Salaam!" "barakallah" and ".Allah rasy boulsoun!" that my heart was ctheered through and through at this" earnest of good things to come!"

Eiarly 'Spring found me again in Turkestan at Bible work. Being independent of any Mission Board, I could go wherever "the Spirit blew me to." So I went up to Koushka to reach the inhabitants of that fortress, but ~specially the ,Afghans, who might live there. Koushka was the farthest Russian outpost in the direction of Herat and is practically on Afghan soil. Mter a night's journey from Merw up the river Pe~d, at dawn we had clj,mbed a defile whose upper end was shu,t up by mountains and in front of them was the fortress. A gem], 'armes entered the car and asked for my passport, just as at any frontier to a foreign country. When we approached the fortress, which was closed in by high whitewashed walls, a big brass gate swung open and closed again behind us.

It was an ill-famed place-feared by the Russian officers and officials for its deadly malaria and bad boils; a dreary, ba.rren mountain pass. I obtained a permit for itinerating through the fortress with the Scriptures, after that the Mohammedan interpreter of the Chief of Police had testified to my books being indeed "shareef"- sacred ones. I was told that no Mghan was allowed to live inside the fortress walls and I obtained an extra permit to visit a small settlement outside the fortress where two kinds .of "pariahs" were located-the Afghans and the public women of the place-each group living by itself in several miserable looking sheds! .All of them gave me a kind greeting and a hearing, and I left with them-in Russian for the women and in Pushtu for the men-" The Words of Life and Hope."

While traveling thousands of miles up and down the vast country of Central Asiar-from the Caspian Sea to near the Western· border of Chinese Turkestan and spreading thousands of Scriptures and tracts in twenty-two languages; coming in touCh with thousands of souls, I was always on the lookout for .,Afghans and tried to talk with them as often as they would allow me. Thus I obtained much information concerning their country, its habits and customs, and about their .Aimeer of whom they seemed proud.

Once a fine looking Afghan introduced himself to me as, "a. Prince from the tribe of Benjamin' '-a remark not void of interest especially in these days, when some believe in the identity of the Mghans with the so-called "ten lost tribes of IsraeL" How natural it seems to look for them-or part of them-in Mghanistan,' whereto they may have wandered from north Persia and Kurdistan, their primary 'place of exile! The semitic type of their fea-

AT TIlE GATE OF AFGHANISTAN

tures, their longhair, the custom of stoning for adultery, the 'Sprinkling of lamb's blood-all seem to corroborate that statement, and most certainly that" Prince" did not know that he was bordering on a'much disputed theme!

My experience in 1912 among pilgrim'S on board the steamer and at Jidda proved useful to me. The report of kindness shown there found its way to the far-away villages of Turkestan, as by more than one party I was recognized and hailed as "the Christian woman who ministered to our women and men during the Pilgrimage. " Again several times I wa:s asked to protect and help such and such a one if I shl'lUld meet' him during next year's "Hadjj" at Jidda. I concluded that the Afghans with whom I came into friendly touch, as for instance the Afghan pa.rty on the pilgrim ship, might also prepare a kindly feeling for the Christian woman should she venture to enter· their forbidden country. "Bread thrown on the water" will, be found SO'lll.e time at some place in an hour of need.

An Afghan whom I met at Karky on the Afghan frontier might well be a good herald of the Christian worker. I saw him sitting on the street, miserable and sick looking, his throat wrapped in dirty rags. To my friendly greeting he replied only by the usual scowl and suspicious glance. As I passed by him day after day, he came to look on me in a softer way and allowed me to Know what was the matter with his throat. Behold! a week later the astonished neighbors-all of them Mohammedans also-saw the once 'Spiteful Afghan climb into a cab with the Christian woman and be driven to the Russian Hospital. As I left him in the doc~ tor's hands a.nd wished him good-bye-the farewell look he gave me was greaHy' difiierent from the one with which he greeted me at our first meeting! As the Afghans that I had met in Bokhara and in Central Turkestan naturally came from the northern part of Afghanistan, through which I hoped to make my entrance into that country, I reckoned that they might serve me in their turn by witnessing to their fellow villagers to the kindnes'S of the "kafir" woman.

During these years there came also a preparation of a more intimate nature. I had to be made willing in my deepest soul to undergo the sufferings, abuses aud privations, which the entering of Afghanistan would bring to me. I had by this time heard and read of the filthy dungeons, the cruel tortures practiced on prisoners and as the crowning end-lithe dangling from a tree." I set myself with much prayer to face these horrors and to accept them if called upon to do so. It was easier for the soul and will, than for the quaking flesh, but with God's help I came to a. point where I had overcome the fear of what might befall me in Afghani~tan. . , At last, in the spring of 1914, the time to go forth seemed to

have CQIne. In 1913 I had been a second time in Jidda, and my faith had been mightily strengthened by the open door the Lord had given at that place, which had seemed closed. I decided unller God to go to. Jidda to work at the time of the pilgrimage by way of Afghanistan. I did not take my friends or family into my plans for it seemed wisest to act quietly. In order to know exactly what might happen at Patta-Hissar, the last point this side of Afghanistan where I would have to cross the river Amon-Darya for the Afghanshore, I took another trip, with Scriptures, through the, Khanat of Bokhara and interviewed the official at Patta-Hissar who had to "vise" the passport of the pilgrims crossing over to Afghanistan. I did not tell him of my intention, but while talking to him I obtained the needed information. When I asked him in a casual way whether he would refuse his "vise" to a Christian who wanted to go to Afghanistan, he laughed and said he would "vise" a Christian's passport just as well as that of a Mohammedan, but of course the whole responsibility of what might happen over there would lie on the Christian who was fool enough to risk his life by such a step. This was enough for me. I knew now that the one difficu'ty which I had f.oreseen on this side of the Afghan shore-a refusal of the Russian authorities to allow me to cross-did not exist.

I returned to Turkestan and prepared to join a party of pilgrims on their way through Bokhara to the crossing of the Amon- Darya at Patta-Hissar. I chose a party of Kashgarys, as their women go about unveiled, and I liad decided not to veil my face, although I would wear the dress of Mohamunedan woOmen. I hoped to be less noticed at least on landing on the Afghan shore, if I mixed with the women from Kashgar. From the beginning I would frankly tell the party I joined that I was a Christian "tabib" going with them to Jidda in order to help their fellow pilgrims. In Afghanistan also I would start medical treatment of whosoever might need such assistance. I hoped with the Lord's help eventnally to reach Kabul. In order to establish my identity before the officials at the villages through which I would pass, and before the Ameer himself-who was kept informed of everything, and < especially would know at once ().f the appearance on Afghan soil of a Christian woman. I had a paper written in Persian composed by my esteemed friend old Mullah Fazil Begh of Osh, the town from which starts the narrow caravan road up to Kashgar and the Pamirs. My friend shook his head at my request but being a spiritually-minded man, and understanding people with a "vision" h~ finally consented to compose an elaborate letter addressing the Ameer in the proper way and stating my purpose; to cross Afghanistan with a party of pilgriUlS and to go on with them to Jidda. I was described in true oriental style as "noble and learned" yet

AT THE GATE OF AFGHANISTAN 873-

"poor and humble." But the quintessence of the letter was in the short frank statement-" Noussrany-am"-" I am a Christian." No fraud, no compromise; and my heart was thrilled by the hope that I might be favored to stand before the Ameer with a testimony to my blessed Lord.

This precious introductory letter secured, I looked up my friend the Persian Mirzah at Sarrnarkand and asked him to' find, in the Persian colony nearby, a young boy to accompany me and to take care of my horse. None could be found willing to venture on that hazardous undertaking-and it was well after all. At Bokhara I made my last preparations. A Sart woman's gray overgarment was provided, two camel bags, one filled with medicines and some canned goods, the other for my few personal belongings appropriate to intense heat in the day and frost at night. Some money had been sent by me to the Church Mission Society Hospital at Peshawar; so tha,t I might be able to go on when the Lord should have brought me safely through the "Lion's Den."

I had knowledge of a party of Kashga,r Pilgrims on their way to Patta-Hissar and I ordered a two-wheeled native cart to take me to a town in Mid-Bokhara where I intended joining this party. I hoped to ingratiate myself with them before we should reach Patta-Hissar and the critical moment of crossing the river together should come. Once on the ferry-boat, which was to bring me to the shore of Afghanistan, I had no thought nor plans for what would follow. The Lord had given me the peaceful heart which was stayed on Him and I trusted Him to bring about His will in this journey. Except my two Mullah-friends, and two Russian ladies at the Ameer of Bokhara's Hospital, no one knew of my undertaking. I thought it best to enter, cross and emerge at Peshawar, or to rest quietly in the prayed-for land till the Day of Resurrection.

But the Lord (<€cided. otherwise! A disease which I had acquired during my travels in most trying and unhygienic conditions, which I had first ignored, and then fought during the preparation for my journey, suddenly developed to 'Such a degree that after I had done all that human skill could do, the Lord met me one night and gently took the whole campaign out of my reach-for a time only, the Lord willing! The fact that I could give over to Him, with tears but with peace in my heart, this passionately beloved and long prayed-for purpose, proved to me that it was the Master's hand who put it aside.

Was that all that came out of a purpose of years7 Did all come to nothingT Was this a waste of spiritual and bodily 'Strength? Abraham the friend of God, also girded his loins bodily and spiritually to obey his God by sacrificing Isaac, the Son of Promise. But when he ha~ proved to Him who searcheth hearts

the willingness to go to the very limit of sacrifice, GDd unexpectedly stepped in and gently gave the son back to his father. What had come out ·of this underta,king~ Let everybody who is seeking to walk in the footsteps of Abraham te'Stify to the blessing that his faith and obedience have meant to his spiritual life!

For the first time I have told about these happenings j they are part of my inner walk with God. But I tell them now, hoping that some soul, to whom God may have given a vision and a call to a like task, may be strengthened to hold on and to push forward.

To the missionaries around .Afghanistan, for whom I have been praying for years., as for my much 'Superior fellow workers to whom I am unknown, I send my greetings in the hope that the Lord will yet bring me back to the point where He stopped me and that, together with Peshawar and Meshed, Patta-Hissar may be flung open to the messengers of the Lord Jesus Christ.

PRAYER AND POWER HLDawv'1 "H <UIL'1VM. dOHSIIl All Has the Church its pristine power in prayer? If not, why not? -On the foreign field the missionary Church seems to have the power, bilt at home they seem to have lost the art and power of prayer. What weakens prayer life and saps power? 1. Haste, that leads to neglect of prayer life. 2. Preoccupation. iVe are often too busy with the work of God to seek the power of God. 3. Adherence to the letter of the law and loss oi the dynamic of love. 4. Decay of faith. There must be a daring faith if we would command the resources of God. We should earnestly pray: l. That God may be made more real to us. 2. That our sensibilities may not be blunted by sin and tragedy on the one hand, or by abounding grace on the other. 3. That the Church may be aroused to measure up to the extraordinary demands upon her. "Pray ye the Lord of the harvest." 4. That faith may be given us to explore the regions of grace and to discover the fulness of Christ.

A PRAYER OF THE APOSTLE PAUL "I bow my knees unto the Father. . ',' that He would grant unto you, according to the riches of His glory, that ye may be strengthened with power through His Spirit in the inward man; that Christ may dwell in your hearts through faith; to the end that ye, being rooted and grounded in love, may be strong to apprehend with all the saints what is the breadth and length ,and height and depth, and to know the love of Christ which passeth knowledge, that ye may be filled with all the fulness of God." . Letter to the Ephesians. 3; 14 to 19.

A GROUP OF MISSIONARY WORKE;RS WHO TOOK PARTIN 'I'HE MOSLEM-CHRISTIAN

DEBATE AND PAGEAN'l' IN COLUMBUS A Moslem-Christian Debate The Discussion of Religious Proble,ntS by a Christian Missionary and a Moslem Sheikh BY REV. H. E. PHILLIPS, 'fANTA, EGYPT Missionary of the United Presbyterian Church At the Methodist Centenary Exposition in Columbus last year one of the most interesting features was the daily debate between a Mohammedan and a Christian missionary. Audiences gathered an hour or more before the tilpe for the debate in order not to miss this interesting and stimulating dialogue. The questions asked by the Mohammedan and the objectioll3 made to the Christian -teachi ng were very true to life and the answers by the missionary were skilful, if not always wholly convincing to his opponent. So much interest was aroused that we have asked the leader of these debates, who usually represented the Mohammedan, Rev. H. E. Phillips of the American Mission in Tanta, Egypt, to write out the substance of a typical debate between a Mohammedan and a missionary. It is, of course, impossible to make this as full as it could be made in the successive mornings at Columbus, and there is lacking the interpretation given by the inflection of the voice and the expression of the face. It is. however, well worth reading. Some churches may find it useful in preparing a similar debate for a missionary meeting, asking two individuals to take the parts of the Mohammedan and the Christian respectively. For -this purpose we have had a page of suggestions added as to the problems raised by the Mohammedan. Answers to these problems can be found in such books as those by Dr. Zwemer and others on missions among these followers of the Prophet of Arabia.-THE EDITOR.

875

T HE missionary is busily engaged in his study when a Muslim sheikh who has been to visit him onC6 before enters. Repeated salutations follow: "May your day be happy."

"May your day be happy and blessed."

"How is your health?"- "May God keep you."

When other greetings have been exchanged the sheikh seats himself, and after a cup of Turkish coffee the conversation turns to things religious. '

Missionary.-When you visited me last week you promised me that you would read the gospel which I gave you some time ago.

Have you been reading the book? How did you enjoy it'

Muslim.-Yes I have been reading the book, but excuse me for saying it to you' directly, I have found it most unconvincing.

Missionary-Indeed: Did you not find it true to life and full of human interest? Did it not seem like a true record of what must have taken place when Jesus was on earth'

Muslim.–O yes, interesting enough. I found many things that interested me. I was particularly interested in the contradictions which I found.

Missionary.-Contradictions! Why, I assure you, my dear friend, there are no contradictions in the gospel. There are some things difficult to understand without much study, it is true. But tell me all about it.

Muslim.-Excuse me for saying it to you, but I find many con- tradictions. Not only does your gospel contradict the honorable Koran which came directly from heaven to be a guide for men, sent down upon the Prophet Mohammed (The prayers of God and his peace be upon him), but it contradicts itself. Moreover it COD- tradicts many of the statements you have made about the prophet Jesus and the Christian religion.

Missionary.-In order to understand your viewpoint, I must ask you to be explicit. Just where did you find what seemed to you to be contradictions T "

Muslim.-When you gave me the book some time ago you asked me to read it. I did not tell you at the time, but could have told you, that I have had a copy of the New Testament for a long time and have read a large portion of it and I think I can prove to you from your own book that your whole religious system is on a flllse basis and is wrong throughout.

Missionary.-At least I am glad you have been reading the book,-but continue. I want to learn your difficulties. Muslim.-Very well. I heard you say in one of your sermons recently-when I happened to drop in to hear your address-I heard-you· say that there is one God, and almost immediately you

A MOSLEM-CHRISTIAN DEBATE 87'1

referred to the prophet Jesus as "Our Lord." I was the only Muslim pre'Sent and did not want to disturb your meeting so did not reply at the time, but when I reached my house I tookuP'Yonr gospel to see if I could determine just what you do teach. I found the book quite as misleading as the various statements of the Christians about God and especially a,bout Jesus. For example, I found the statement that he knew all things, but I found in another place that he said himself he did not know the time of his return to the earth. Whoever wrote the book reports Jesus as saying that he and the Father are one while in another•place I found the explicit 'Statement from Jesus himself that the Father is greater. I find that Jesus said that no man had ever seen ,Aillah and yet the . writer, whoever he was, says that God spoke dire,ctly out of heaven to Jesus and called him his son. God forbid! Could Allah have a wife' It is most abhorrent to us ¥oslems to think that God could have a son. "Praise be to God, the Lord of the worlds. He begetteth not, neither is begotten, and there is not any like unto him." (Koran). Of course I can excuse you somewhat, for we all know and admit that the gospel has been corrupted and changed to suit Christian doctrines, and naturally those who do not know that fact have confused ideas on all the subjects of religion. We know that you do not have the original gospel that came down on the prophet Jesus. It is really laughable to hear you talking about one God and then immediately you talk about three Gods. Really now, where is the consistency in saying that one is three and three are one? That neither agrees with the laws of arithmetic nor of reason. Then you try to make God be a god and a man at the same time. Any reasonable man knows that it is impossible. Moreover the honorable Koran which came down upon the prophet Mohammed (The prayers of God and his peace be upon him) teaches us that "there is no God but God and Mohammed is the prophet of God." (The Moslem creed).

Missionary.-Let us take one thing at a time, Sheikh Abdullah. You see- Muslim.-You say you worship the one God and yet you call Jesus, sometimes God, sometimes Son of God, -sometimes Son .of man, until one wonders not how many Gods but how many Jesuses you have.

Missionary.-I am sure there need be no confusion as to there being more than one Christ in the gospel record and if you will give me opportunity I -shaU endeavor to tell you what we mean when we speak of our Lord Jesus Christ as the Son of God. You know and admit that there are many things in- Muslim.-That is just what I cannot admit. No Muslim will ever admit that the prophet Jesus is Lord. What right has any man to give God an associate ¥ It is absurd to call a man Lord.

Of course we Muslims honor the prophet Jesus (The, prayers of God and his peace be upon him) and we know that he was the greatest of the prophets except Mohammed. We know that the gospel came down upon him. Yes, yes, we honor him more highly than do you. But he was never crucified as you say. God would never permit a prophet to die such a shameful death. But to call him "God" or "Lord"! God forbid that I should ever blaspheme the name of God by associating anyone with him.

Missionary.-Patience, patience, Sheikh Abdullah. Is this going to be a discus,sion .or an oration ~ You are rushing ahead at a terrible rate and when you finish I fear you will conclude that the arguments are all on your side and you will leave without my having expressed my views on these matters at aU. Let me say that you have introduced enough subjects to keep us discu:ssing a week, not one evening.

Muslim.-Well, everyone of these things which I have mentioned is denied in the honorable Koran and that settles all questions of dispute. Your scriptures are corrupted. You have all sorts of Bibles and they do not agree with one another. One of my friends, Sheikh Ahmed, who di'Scusses with you sometimes, says that you even admitted to him that there are differences between your Bible and the one used by Roman Catholics. My son who is graduating this year from medical college in America,-and he knows English very well-tells me that there are many kinds of Bibles in English and all us,ed by you Protestants. How is this 1 He said that a few years ago a number of Elnglish and American scholars rewrote the whole Bible and changed many, many words in it and even left out whole s·entences.· God forbid that any such· fate should ever befall the honorable Koran which is God's Word sent down for the guidance of men. Now tell me. Is it true that those profes'SOrs really did change the Bible, and if they did would you use one of these mutilated books 7 Missionary.-I fear we shall never arrive anywhere in our discussion if you do not allow me either to affirm or deny some of your statements. You know, Sheikh Abdullah, that a discussion is a conversation on one subject between two or more persons. If we are going to get the most good out of this discussion we must exchange views.

Muslim.-O certainly, certainly. Excuse me. May it please you to proceed.

·Missionary.-Yiou have introduced so many subjects I scarcely know where to begin. Just where do you find your greatest difficulty?

Muslim.-The Trinity. I a'Sked you about that first of all and you did not answer me. Moreover are there not Christians who deny that there are three gods T Until you can agree, why do you

A MOSLEM-CHRISTIAN DEBATE

try to get us to believe in your particular sect 1 How can one be three and three be one?

Missionary.-Your questions at least have the merit this time of all being on the same general subject. Now, Sheikh Abdullah, I want you to be fair with me. You gave me no opportunity to answer you. First of all let me say that no Christian denies the full deity of Jesus Christ. True some who deny that truth call themselves Christians, but would you call a man a Mohammedan who denied that Mohammed was a prophet' You certainly would not. -,Christianity is a life, not a profession and ~e teach and believe that entrance into this life is accomplished through a miraculous experience called the "new birth." Whosoever believeth that Jesus is the Christ is born of God, and anyone who denies the full deity of Jesus Christ is not a Ohristian in any way, whatever he may profess. – There is no disagreement among the great body of Christians on this point, however we may disagree on minor things.

Muslim.-The only thing I know about this life of which you 8peak is what I see in these wicked Ohristian traders who are trying to debauch our country with their vile liquors and so destroy the teachings of the honorable Koran. A curse be upon them. But go on, tell me how three can be one and one three. May it please you to proceed.

Missionary-I am averse to discu:ssing this subject with one who has not read the whole gospel, and who has not given the Spirit of God an opportunity to show him this <great truth.

Muslim.-I have read most of the gospel. May it please you to proceed.

Missionary.-May I ask you to continue to read the gospel and with a mind open to the guidance of the Holy Spirit of God.

Muslim.-The Holy Spirit is the angel Gabriel. Do you uot believe that1 Missionary.-No, Sheikh Abdullah, we disagree on that point too, but let us not be carried off on a tangent. Will you kindly allow me ·to lead the conversation for a while f Muslim.-May it please you to proceed.

Missionary.-I think we agree that there is much in religion that is mysterious and beyond our understanding. You believe many things aoout God and about nature that you do not understand. We accept much on faith or are given proofs so overwhelming that we are compelled to believe much that is beyond our (lQlIl1prehension.

Muslim.-I cannot believe what I do not understand unless it has been sent down by God by one of his Prophets. Since the Koran abrogates all that preceded it I must believe only what is revealed or denied therein. It denies that Jesus is Son of God and

forbids us to associate any with God. I refuse· to believe what carulOt be demonstrated. You ask me to a.ccept- .

Missionary.-By your clemency, Skeikh Abdullah. Do be patient. I have not asked you to accept anything thus far. But listen. D!o you understand the processes of life1 Do you under- 8tand how a man eats bread· and it becomes a part of his bodyT Can you explain why an egg placed under the breast of the mother hen after twenty-one days become a chick, with a perfect organism of flesh and bones' .

Muslim.-I must admit that there are many things in nature . I do not understand. .

MissiofUl.r'y.-Not only so, but when we combine the natural with the spiritual, the mystery deepens and every believer in a higher power, however careful he may be as a thinker, is compelled to staud in worshipful wonder before the mighty works of God.

It behooves us to be very careful how we state that we will not believe what we cannot comprehend. Is it not true honorable Sheikh"

Muslim.-May it plea'Se you to proceed.

Missionary.-,Almost all things known to our experience exist in composite form. Man himself is a trinity of body, soul and spirit. I do not understand it but I b€lieve it, partly because of my own consciousness and my own thinking, but principally be- cause it is stated in the Word of God. Now when a man dies, does the whole man die, or only the bodyT We agree as to that, but neither of us understan~s the mystery of death or of resurrection, although we both believe that we are to have resurrection bomes.

It is all a matter of faith, not of understanding.

Muslim.-Yes, yes, I quite believe all that, but you must re- member that God cannot be compared with man.

MissiofUl.ry.-Most assuredly; Sheikh Abdullah, but I am using man only as an illustration of two points in my argument. First we believe much that we cannot understand, and second a trinity may exist in something known to us as a single object. N.ow let us take another step. You say your son is almost through medical college. Ask him and he will tell you that water is composed of two gases called oxygen and hydrogen. He will tell you that salt which is good for food is composed of two most destructive ma- terials known as sodium and chlorine. You read, did you not, of the use of poisonous chlorine gas in the late war1 It can be made from salt.

Muslim.-Strange, strange, all this. But are you sureT Missiona1'y.-Indeed I am sure. Go down with me some day to the secondary schools here in the city and we .will ask the pro- fessor to demonstrate some of these things for us. It is true of everything we see and touch. It all eJtists in composition.

A MOSLEM-CHRISTIAN DEBATE

Muslim.-Yes but if that is all true, when you separate them you get something .else not the original 'Substance.

Missionary.-I am glad you make that statement. It oilly gives my illustration added force. I spoke of the destructive power of chlorine and of sodium which are found in our common table salt. Sodium would burn your flesh like fire and chlorine gas would strangle you to death in a few minutes. In like manner if you attempt to separate the Godhead, denying either to the Son or to the Holy Spirit his rightful place and glory you get a conception of God that is not God at all. YlOu will excuse me if I say plainly to you as a friend that the Moslem conception of God is different from the Christian conception altogether, and it is so because Mohammed refused Jesus Christ his rightful place in the Godhead.

Muslim.-What do you mean sid Do you mean to insinuate that we Moslems do not worship the one true God 7 Missionary.-Again I must ask your patience, Honorable Sheikh. You are responsible for that interpretation of my remark, not I. You agree that our concepts are different do you. not 7 Muslim.-WE worship the one true God. The God of Abraham and Ishmael and of Mohammed is our God. To us it is blasphemy to associate anyone with God.

Missionary.-Quite so, Honorable Sheikh. But when you think of God you think of him as a great being who is not much concerned with the affairs of men. He created some for fire and some for the joys of Paradise and your book quotes him saying "I care not." You thus make him a great monarch who is not concerned about the salvation of sinful men. Now we know God as a great and mighty ruler, but because He ha-s revealed himself through Jesus Christ we also know Him as a loving Father. You have ninety-nine beautiful names for God yet I do not find among them all either "Love" or "Father." Our word gospel means "good news" and the good news contained in it is that although we have all sinned and come short of the glory of God, nevertheless we are reconciled to God through the dealh of His Son.

Muslim.-Bla'Sphemy! Even ~f I could admit that Jesus was the Son of God as you say, I never could believe that God would allow him to be slain. The honorable Koran says that Jesus did not die. We honor him more than you do. How could God allow the prophet Jesus to be slain 1 Could he kill a holy prophet because another man sinnedT God forbid!

Missionary-That is the very thing I want most to tell you, Sheikh Abdullah.

M~lim.-I think I must be going. I have an engagement. Missionary.-It is still early. Perhaps you can wait long enough to listen to one illustration of the Trinity. That is the thing for which you seem most anxious. This illustration has helped me,

and I believe others, to understand something of this great mystery.

Will you wait 1 .

Muslim.-May it please you to proceed.

Missionary.-Here we are in a large city. We have electricity.

It is a great blessing. I think you light your mosque with electric lights on special occasions, do you not~ Now electricity is a very mysteriol1"s power. Even the best electricians do not understand it. Here is a wire which runs through all my house. It is charged with a current from the power house. What do you call that cur- rent?

Muslim.-We call it electricity.

Missionary.-Very well. I turn this key on the wall and the room is filled with light. What do you call that light as dis- tinguished from the light of a candle or an oil lamp.

Muslim.-We call it electricity.

Missionary.-Notice this quality in the light. It does not change while the connection is on. It is a visible expression of the something we call electricity. You say it is electricity and you are quite right in oalling it by that name. But hold a moment. Here is an electric iron which some one gave us as a present. Inside this ir.on ,are some wires coiled about on the bottom covering the whole surface. I remove one of the lamps and insert. the connec- tion attached to the iron. Will you kindly hold the iron in your hand while I do it ~ Now what do you think will happen 1 Will we get a light in the iron? Just touch the bottom of the iron and see if you notice any change.

Muslim.-By the beard of the prophet! It is quite warm. How is this? Strange! Strange indeed!

Missionary.-I cannot explain it all to you, Sheikh Abdullah.

It is one of those mysteries that you said you would not believe without understanding. But I want you to see my point. Is it just as legitimate to call that heat electricity as it was to call the light electricity?

Muslim.-I presume we must call it by the. same name. I know of no other.

Missionary.-Very well you call the heat and light by one name and yet Sheikh Abdullah, are you not able to distinguish between light and heat?

Muslim.-O certainly, I can distinguish between thpm but- Missionary-But what? You call the heat electricity just as a moment ago you called the light electricity. ,And you were right.

They are both an expression of what travels along that wire. Now go one step farther and the illustration is complete. You have seen the heavy cars on the street railway as they come and go in the city.. What moves them 1 Again you ans.wer electricity. You can light the car till it is almost as light as day without getting any

A MOSLEM-CHRISTIAN DEBATE

motion. You can heat it till the iron is red and the wood is consumed and it will not move one inch. So you cannot say that either heat or light moves the car. Yet out of the same cable that produces the light and the hea,t comes also the power that carrie'S it across the city. Now Sheikh Abdullah I want you to see in all this a picture of Nature's God and I want you to know Him in His fullness as far as He has revealed Himself to men. I want you to see that God is power, as you now believe; that He is the creator and preserver of this universe, which is much larger than we can know; and I want you to worship Him and give Him all the glory due to His holy name. But I want you to understand also that God is light and in Him is no darkness at all and that Jesus Chri'st is the manifestation of that light and that in manifesting the Father as light, He proved Himself to be one of that mysterious trinity that we call God. I want you to hold your life open to that Holy Spirit of God who is burning into your religious consciousness these great truths which we have so imperfectly brought to you today. I invite you to believe in the One God who has revealed himself as the God of power and of light and heat, if you please, in the persons of Father, Son and Holy Spirit.

Muslim.-It is all very strange and wonderful. I shall see what the Koran has to sav about it.

Missionary.-Now pl~ase, Sheikh Abdullah, promise me you' will read the Gospel through.

Musli,m. Yes, yes. I shall look into it some more. Now I must be going.

SOME MOSLEM DIFFICULTIES The following are some of the statements about the Christian religion such as a Moslem is likely to make; also some of the 'questions a Moslem is likely to ask during a discussion. _ Your trinity is God (Allah), Mary and Jesus (Esa).

Things which distinguish Christianity from Judaism and Islam are all borrowed from heathen.

The idea of a trinity is found in Babylon and Assyria e. g. Merodach, his wife Zarpanitu and their son Nebo. (It would be a rare Moslem that could give any detail beyond first statement of heathen trinities.) An- cient Egyptians had trinity. Ammon, Mut, Khuns. Indian Trident- Shiva, Vishnu and Brahm. Persian mysteries had their baptism and a form of sacrament similar to Christian Lord's supper.

Aeneas in Virgil was son of a man and a goddess.

You call Mary mother of God. God was uncreated and could not have a mother. Could Almigbty God be confined in the body of a man?

"The Lord said unto my Lord." What God spoke and to whom did he speak? Cannot have a conversation between God and himself. You must have two gods.

"My God My God etc." 'What God was talking and to whom? How could God on the cross address God in heaven. Must conclude there are two gods.

You say Jesus is God. Who ran the universe when he was dead?

If Jesus died can you say a part of God died? Or did all of God die? 'Can you di vide God?

Who raised Jesus, himself or Allah?

How could God permit his son to die? If he was his son he would love him too much for that.

You say Christ became a curse for man. Would common criminal la.w permit a just man to die in the place of one who deserved the punish- ment? Unthinkable!

Was body and spirit and soul of Jesus, God? Did both body and spirit suffer or only body?

Then is God capable of injury and suffering?

You say God is a Spirit. How can a spirit become flesh?

Jesus disclaimed omniscience-liNa man knoweth the hour not even the Son."

Jesus disclaimed holiness more than that of a prophet.-"Why callest thou Me good."

Jesus disclaimed equality with Allah.-"My Father is greater than I."

Weare all sons of God. Jesus was Son of God only in that sense.

He claimed no other.

Can we say that God ate, slept, was tired, rode a donkey? You de- grade deity. .

When he died, did he really die? Where was his spirit? Koran says he did not die.

Contradictions.-"God is not a man that he should repent" so says your scripture, yet it says that He did repent 'WWny times.

Romans 4. Abraham "justified by faith etc." James 2. Abraham "justified by "works." Which are we to believe?

You have changed your scriptures. You cannot produce the orig- inal gospel.

Your own people no longer believe your Bible is Word of God. Ger- man scholarship denies it and French infidelity denies it, etc:, etc.

POWER OF GOD'S WORD IN MOROCCO . "A Moor, saw the text on the door of the Bible depot in Tangier: "Call upon Me in the day of trouble; I will deliver thee and thou shalt glorify Me." He came in to the place and asked: "Who spake those words, and where are they to be found?" Being told that God spake them through His servant David he asked to buy a copy of the book. Mr. Robert Stevens gave him a copy of the Psalms, which had the Gospel of Matthew bound with it, and drew his attention to Psalm 50: 15, and to Matthew 11: 28, "Come unto Me, all ye that labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest.". .

"Ah, rest!" he said, "that is what the heart wants; no words like these are found in the Koran."

A.nother Moor, of the better class, came into the depot and said, "While everyone must admit that there is much good advice in the Koran, it cannot be compared to the Old and New T~staments; for while you read the Injil, you seem to feel that a living Person is in it, drawing you to Him."

Ideas of

BY PRESIDENT GEORGE E. WHITE, D. D.

Anatolia College, Marsovan, Turkey A MAN'S idea of God fixes his viewpoint for his theology and his theory as to his own place in this world and in the world to come. The Turks suppose that they are good Mohammedans and believe in the Allah of the Koran without addition to or subtraction from any of his attributes. Yet the conception of the Divine Ruler prevalent among any people may differ considerably from that which is presented in their orthodox scriptures.

Twentieth century Turks have drawn upon· at least two historical sources outside their sacred literature for their religious . conceptions. While· their standar~ theology has come with the literature of Mohammedanism from a foreign-that is an Arabian -origin, they retain some lingering remnants of the religious heritage brought by their forefathers out of the depths of central .Asia twenty generations ago. They have also been much influenced by their environment for six or seven centuries in Asia Minor, from whose earlier inhabitants, still an important section of society, the conquering Turks have absorbed so much blood and so much of their present character.

A 'TIurk thinks of God as very much like a magnified human sovereign. He believes that all good earthly government is monarchical and that all law has its ultimate authority in the person of the supreme ruler. Of the two leading forms of human government, the monarchical or military and the republican or parliamentary, the Turks have consistently maintained the former. Under this theory of administration every individual goes as high as he can, takes orders from the aothority next above, and passes them on to the ranks below. The YKlung. Turks in 1908 made an effort to establish representative institutions and to do things in the parliamentary way, but it was foreign to Turkish psychology and it failed. The old Turks represent the really characteristic ideas. They feel that the king or the caliph should be the real and unhampered monarch, that he may at any time reverse or revise his statutes, make exceptions in favor of individuals, or suspend the operation of any article of his code. A sovereign is expected to be arbitrary, sometimes capricious, if possible wise, but always powerful. He 'Should be keen in discerning the motives and .885

intents o£ men, and discriminating in awarding judgments and favors. He is expected to maintain a stately court, and yet to be accessible, at least at times, to the humblest of his people. His crowning virtues are mercy, clemency, compassion, and it matters little what claims of justice go unrequited if a cry for mercy is kindly met. The rulers of the "Arabian Nights" represented the ideal of monarchs of this character.

According to the Turk the ideal human ruler is surrounded by a company of courtiers and officers who contribute to his state, administer his affairs, and, if po"Ssible, anticipate his wants. The"Se functionaries have great influence with the monarch on the one hand, and each has his own feudal retainers on the other. Petitions are presented to the sovereign by means of some courtly satellite, and a wise suppliant endeavors to enlist in his behalf the good offices of some courtier whose influence is so 'great that the monarch cannot reject his request. If one can secure such a mediator, his suit is won in advance.

By natural analogy, then, the Turk"S think of God as the omnipotent Creator, Ruler, and Judge of all, a Being seated upon a high throne, far removed from the affairs of men, yet approachable to his favorites, and even to the humblest of his faithful subje<lts-these last being, of course, true Moslem believers. The Divine will, infinite and absolute, so embraces each infinitesimal human will that there is really no room to allow free sCl?pe to the latter at all. Turks are fatalists, and really hold that every event is determined for a man beforehand. Is he destined to fall in battle1-his body is proof against disease; has one the cholera1-to refrain from ea,ting green cucumbers for fear .of the consequences is lack of faith. It is not only unnecessary but impious to i"Solate a patient sick with some contagious disease for the will of God must be done. Does the true believer find himself in an unexpected place ~-he has water to drink there, and "the wa.ter draws him"; is he offered some delicacy to eaB-it was "appointed" to him. Is the Moslem irritated at alleged infidelity toward God above, or toward his theocratic representatives on earth1-he will indulge his passions by striking down men, women, and children in indiscriminate m,assacre, and comfort his soul with the assurance of some a"Strologer that he read all thes,e things in the stars five years before they happened; ask the astrologer if he could not have read some way to prevent such misery, and he will answer, "Oh, no, for it was all written in the immutable decrees of God."

After the massacre of 1895, in which thousands of Armenian lives went out in blood amid scenes that may not be described, the governor of a considerable city that had been given over to mob rule for four hours wa"S asked whether punish-

TURKISH IDEAS OF GOD

ment would be meted out to the perpetrators of such deeds. " Undoubtedly, undoubtedly," he replied, "every guilty man will meet with his misfortune. One will have a favorite cow die; another will lose an aunt by sickness; another will have a bowlegged son born; every man' will meet with misfortune suitable to his misdeeds." His respon'Sibility as the absolute governor never came to his mind.

Such fatalism, shared more or less by the Turks with all the people of the East, induces laziness, carelessness, and stagnation in both personal and public affairs. If everything is determined by fate, there is no room for human choi~; if there is no choice, there is no responsibility; and, without responsibility, there can be neither virtue nor vice, ground for neither praise nor blame, reward nor punishment.

Turks cannot, of course, carry out their creed with logical consistency. They feel the monitions of conscience, as all men must, and recognize themselves as in reality morally accountable; but the tendency of their faith is in the direction indicated. The outcome appears in the remark of a white-turbaned army chaplain: "Y'ou know God Almighty never requires anything of man the doing of which is hard." Think whither such doctrine would carry one in conduct! If the path of virtue appears hard, you cannot expect one to follow it. If anything seem'S easy and inviting, do it. If you have a point to gain by a lie, and do not take advantage of this means, you are hardly bright.

Sin and righteousness consist in obedience or disobedience to the Divine statutes,and, as these prescribe ritual ceremonies quite as much as ethical principles, one may be as guilty for not following correctly the prescribed rules for the washing of his hands before prayer, as, for lining his pockets with stolen gold, or for perverting justice under the influence of a bribe. Neither love to God or man, nor moral character, but ritual status, is taken as the ground of acceptance at the court of heaven. Confession is made with the mouth, and it matters little whether mind and heart agree thereto. Utterance of the formula, ' , There is no god but· Allah, and Mohammed is his prophet," gives the speaker all the rights of "the faithful," though the confession may have been forced and may be repudiated with all the heart. It is doubtful whether sin would be reckoned sin if the perpetrator were not caught. If one could bribe the gate-keeper, or gain back door entrance to heaven without the right of being there, God's leniency would be expected to triumph over his justice, and the man would be allowed to remain. • The Supreme Being, like an earthly monarch, is thought

of as surrounded by ministers of various ranks, who do his pleasure and have direct access to His presence. .AJngels of different sorts and names, among whom four are reckoned as preeminent, are reinforced'by the patriarchs and prophets of the Old Testament, and by' countless "saints" from among the devout of all lands and ages, or even by living men of outstanding reputation for sanctity. A great part of the religion of an average Turk, as is the case with many other Orientals, consists .in the endeavor so to enlist the favor of <me or more of these favorites at the throne of heaven in his behalf that he may be kept from harm, may ofl comfortable in life, and at death may be carried direct to Paradise. In the crises of life a Turk turns to God with prayer and sacrifice, but he presents his plea through the medium of some supposedly influential saint. Whether or not it has a mosque, almost every village has a shrine made sacred by the presence of a holy grave. The people of any given village repair to their shrine, and with individual or COll1lllunal worship endeavor to rouse their mediator to act in their behalf. Or, one may go a long journey to seek a famous sanctuary, or to present his petition through an intercessor who has the name of helping those in his particular plight. If a Turk suffers misfortune, and fears it may be due to his maltreatment of a Christian, he will resort to a Christian shrine, and pay the priest a fee to intercede in his behalf. Or if a Turkish woman learns that her Christian neighbor's child was healed from a disease after a pilgrimage to some church or monastery, she will take her child to the same place in hope of securing effectual intercession for the Moslem baby where God has already given proof of His acceptance of the worship. The idea in all such cases is that a given saint has such influence with the Supreme Ruler that his intercession must certainly 'Secure what is asked. If the exPected is withheld-God knows best.

. Turkish theology has nothing corresponding to the atonement of Christ, as manifesting God's abhorrence of sin and his winning love for the sinner, reconciling God and guilty man. Their prescription'S for a convicted sinner are three: he must repent of his misdeed, (at least repent of the conl'!equences), vow not to repeat the offense, (though he may yield to temptation later), and cast himself on the mercy of God. Vicarious substitution is recognized, but hardly in the Christian sense. One person may. receive a blow intended for another. If a percentage of men are destined to be unfortunate, when the quota' is made up the rest are exempt.

If real atonement be absent frOID Turkish theology, the supreme importance attached to mediation, interces'Sion, personal favor, has been perhaps sufficiently emphasized. Each little

man endeavors so to attach himself to the skirts of another greater and better than himself that he may be swept without successful challenge past every judgment bar. It is a selfish view, and begets selfish character. Soldiers in one division of an army are known to have been hungry, while in another division of the same army they were selling, and even burning provisions, because they had more than could be used. They lack the constraining love of Christ, that most powerfuJ. Christian motive, as they lack the reconciling work of Christ between man and God. And in spite of all their efforts, they seem to have no real confidence or satisfaction in any.

Turks speak with respect· of Jesus, and call him the '( Spirit of God," by which they mean that he was born without human father. They relate that the angel Gabriel appeared to the Virgin Mary, breathed upOn her, and announced that she should become the mother of the prophet Jesus. Thus conception took pI.ace, and thus Jesus is the "Spirit of God." . They place him in the series with Abraham and Moses, "of blessed memory," and hold that all were superseded by Mohammed.

But Christ is everything or nothing, and such respect for Him as is implied in the co~arison of his miracles with those of the semi-fabulous Arabian healer, Lokman, is hardly worth the -name. The term "Son of God" is a stumbling-block and an offense to them, partly because. of the habit of their' minds to fix on a physical relation, instead of a 'Sonship of character. Mohammedans deny the Son, and hence, as John says, (I John 2:23) they "have not the Father." They have "Ninety-nine Beautiful Names" for God, such as the All-Merciful, the All-Compassionate, and the like, but they have no title meaning the Father, nor any signifying God is Love. They have no "Saviour" in the Christian sense of that term. Convicted by conscience of "Sin, dreading the awards of the future life, they strive to keep up enough of the form of piety to escape being caught in an unpardonable sin, and seek some mediator whose "influence" may be enough to get them safely through. They lack the impulses arising from personal loyalty to a worthy Master; they lack the relation arising from filial love to God the Father.

The following incident from a mosque gives a characteristic 'Turkish view of the obligation and relation of man toward God in the life of this world. The great mosque was full of men, and, the hoja eloquently depicted the majesty and the mercy of God, the frailties and the foibles of men. Men sin because they forget God~ he went on, and they forget God because they love the world too much. It is illustrated by a man walking over a plain, who finds himself pursued by a lion. Casting about for a place of safety, he finds a well with a platform about half

way down, on which he takes refuge. The lion comes to the mouth of the well above, and stands there roaring and waiting for his prey. There is also at the bottom of the well a great dragon with yawning mouth, ready to catch the man if he should fall. And as he looks he sees that two mice, one black and the other white,. creep out from the side of the well and begin to gnaw away the supports of the platform on which man finds his little brief irn;rnunity from destruction. But the man, by -some chance having with him food and drink, begins to eat and carouse, and make merry, with no thought of the horrors of his dangerous position.

This man, said the preacher, represents our human race. The plain is the world, through which we journey. The lion stands for the temptations that pursue us all with such fierceness. The dragon mean-s eternity, yawning beneath our feet. The black mouse and the white mouse signify day and night, or the flight of time, which will soon destroy the respite now granted 1;() us. But we, in our folly, ingtead of meditating on the solemn facts of existence devote ourselves to eating and drinking, to amusement and merry-making, enjoying life and forgetting God. And' then he said,-in e£fect,-May God Most High have mercy upon us, and deliver us from the world, the flesh, and the devil, while the crowded mosque rang with the cry of "Amin, amin, ,, and a thousand men rocked to and fro on their knees, and touched their foreheads to the floor in humble supplication.

,Mter the service was over a Mohammedan friend who had accompanied me to the mosque and myself were walki;'g away absorbeq in the worship that we had seen and heard.

"'J'hat was a good story," I remarked, "that the hoja told." "Yes," he said, "It was· a very good story."

"It -seems to me that there was one thing left out."

"What was that1" he asked. "There is no doubt that mankind in the life of this world is pursued. by vari.ous temptations, that eternity is yawning beneath our feet, that we have but a little respite before the flight of time will carry us away. But the question is, how we are to escape from these dangers. I did not observe that the preacher said anything about that, did you 7" ~'Why no," he replied. "Well," I said, "You are a. Mohammedan. Now what would you say, what idea have you about the way of escape from sin and its consequences ~" "I declare," he said "I do not know." Mohammedanism does not. know. It has no effective offer to make to a sinner who seeks salvation. Mohammedanism has no Redeemer.

Things OUf Missionaries

Communications from the Frontiers, telling of the kind of equip- ment that increases Missionary Efficiency.

FAR FROM THE SOURCE OF SUPPLY I N THE days when war news filled the papers, when sons and daughters were enduring the discomforts, the hardships and dangers of the training camps and the trenches, the parents, brothers and sisters at home counted it a privilege and a joy to spend hours knitting and sewing for the soldiers and sailors; or to spend dollars lavishly to supply every possible need of those who had responded to the call of God and humanity. Lives were saved by warm clothing that the government did not supply, and life was made more endurable by the contents of packets sent to the front. If there were sugges,tions that the efficiency of our representatives in the army was impaired by the lack of equipment, every effort was immediately made to supply the need.

Similar motives would lead Christians at home in the midst of the great world carrnpaign for the establishment of Christian truth and the spread of the Gospel of Life. to wish to share with the missipnaries on the frontiers the life of sacrifice, and to supply every pos'Sible material aid to make their work effective.

The following communications from missionaries give some, idea of the kind of things these heroic workers need to enable them to maintain their health and do effective service. Many of these things are so commonplace in our American and British home,s, offices" churches and schools that they are taken for granted, but they are almo'St unattainable in frontier stations. Who could realize, for instance, the importance of a piece of cord or a pin when none is to be had; but the most insistent and easily supplied need is for good literature. "Send us good books and magazines," is the almost unanimous request.

A very useful department of the World's Sunday School Association is the "Surplu'S Material Department," hut it is selfisn and often foolhardy to give only from our surplus, and many would prefer to give new material to their workers and use the old themselves. Birthdays and Christmas also call for gifts that will make our missionaries happy, and suggestions as to whlft to send are welcome. One of the largest houses supplying general merchandise through their mail order department writes as follows in reply to our inquiry as to what the missionaries most frequently call for in their distant fields of labor: 891

"The things that missionaries order <;lepend upon the make up of the families, the particUlar part of the vineyard where they are serving, and the amount of money they have to spend. Human needs are not so much different, 'So far as everyday living is concerned, in the northern part of the United States and the northern part of China. One of the strongest bids for influence in a new oommunity is to set up an American home, equipped with just the kind'S of articles that are in use here in the States.

"I hope that you will strongly urge friends not to select articles without consulting the missionaries themselves. Do not pay freight upon second-hand "articles, or things that are not needed here, or can be purchased cheap there. 'In these days of enormous freight charges, it is nonsense to be transporting about the world a lot of old junk that nobody really wants. The freight on second hand stuff is just as heavy as it would be on new stuff. Money can be expended to better advantage through selections from the ,catalogue of a reliable house and the matter of preparing, packing and shipping the goods to' the foreign lands will be entirely taken care of by people who have made it their business.

"If Ladies' Aids, Missionary Circles, Daughters of Rebecca, etc., want to make a real hit with missionaries, let them hold bazaars or other local functions and sell their home-made jams, jellies, coworts, socks, etc., and ,send the real money to the misBionaries. Then Mrs. Missionary can select what she needs instead of what somebody who never saw her, thinks she ought to have. Exporting houses will forward anything that is sent to them for shipment, if it will hold together long enough and the freight is paid.

"It h3s often seemed to me little short of Ii tragedy for good money to be paid out in starting stuff for some far-away mission field by some person who has absolutely no idea of conditions on the route or at destination. Furniture, sometimes new, comes wrapped in paper, and with little other protection than shipping tags. The man who contributed the furniture would just as willingly have contributed the money that the furniture cost him if the matter had been put up to him right. Missionary work is coming into its own, and it is high time that we all recognize that each new family as it sets up its family altar is entitled to start out with new things, inexpen'Sive and few perhaps, but new, and selected by the future user. ,A; practical way to bring this about is to have the mi'Ssionaries make their selections from the pages of a catalogue of a reliable house.

""Y1ou would smile over some orders the missionaries send in-and then, when you thought it over, you wouldn't feel so

SOME THINGS OUR MISSIONARIES NEED

much like smiling. For you, when you want a box of puffed corn, or a bottle of pepper sauce, or a paper of screw-eyes, can get them just 'round the corner. "But here is a missionary who must needs send to Chi- cago from China an order for shredded cocoanut, a fly trap, three mopsticks, and a football! " Another puts in his list one child's crib, a high chair, a bottle of hydrogen peroxide, and a bottle of castor oil. There is an American farrnily in that mission compound. And another orders a dozen nursing flasks. Of course he will distribute them. No one family could possibly use a dozen!

"These folks must have infinite patience. One wrote in and said: 'The goods I ordered last September arrived promptly in March!' And they take vastly more care in stating what they want, knowing that asking for explanations may mean a delay of four or six months.

"The missionary's purchase cannot go to him in a paper sack. They face the haps and mishaps of every known form of transit. They will be dropped on to wharves, and dropped into ships' holds, and tumbled off wheelbarrows., and swayed drunkenly on the backs of coolies. For these adventures, safe packing becomes a fine, as well as necessary art. Besides, 'Since ocean freights are charged by measurement rather than by weight, close packing is also highly important.

"Their needs will change with the changing years, but always they will maintain for themselves, in the midst of strange and alien airs, a little corner which bre~thes the atmosphere of home. Here will be the truly 'homely' things, sewing machine, and soap dish, and books, and the other tools of everyday living, which are just what are used at home, and so hold them to the simple domestic rituals which are of the essence of civilization."

FROM A MISSIONARY IN KOREA Most missionaries find it convenient to eat food from time to time, even when on the field, in spite of the fact that one on furlough is ,sometimes asked questions that suggest the thought that we lay aside such frivolity for the more serious business of missionarying. Again, most missionaries find it inconvenient to eat native food in any quantity when out itinerating. Some have survived the experience once Or twice, and minimizing the risk, continue to revel in pickled turnips, dried fi'Sh and fresh fish, and fish that neither' fresh nor dried, unknowable broths and red pepper sauce; but most of us take along our food boxes. Arises next therefore the question of fire. We cannot use the Korean fireplace to prepare our food.

It is under an immovable rice kettle, and though "the crackling of thorns under a pot" has a Korean as well as a Scriptural sound, it implies a form of fire not convenient for our cookery. There is always charcoal to be had, and charcoal has its advantages~out of doors. But there are other things out of door~dirt, for one thing. A little breeze strikes the courtyard, which is also the stable yard and contains the refuse heap of the Korean house, and, puff! your frying pan is peppered with a little shower of mingled dust and germs, principally germs.

For this and other rea1soml many of us like to take a "khotal," or oil stove to the country. It is a small brass affair that burns vaporized kerosene with a blue flame under air pressure, supplied by a small hand plunger in the oil tank. It can be had at any camping outfitter's. Some missionaries are addicted to the use of alcohol-in solidified formbut unless your fuel fund is heavily endowed it is beyond the reach Df the itinerant.

The missionary housewife likes a fireless cooker. The Koreans call it a fireless stove, and it is especially desirable for the use of ladies who return at twelve and go out again for Sunday-school at two. We. use ours as refrigerator in summer to keep milk cool.

One does iwt need to be a missionary to know the value of a gold medal folding camp cot. Ask Unele Sam. Of course, there are missionaries who despise this as somewhat too luxuriou,s for a 'Serious minded itinerant, but no other than a native could really enjoy sleeping on a heated Korean floor, which is the Korean bed. And then sometimes, if not always, there are certain other reasons not wholly dissipated by the Persian powder argument which make a folding camp cot seem a perfe.ct haven of rest and refuge. For this may be said of the camp cot, that when all etse fails you can set its leg'S in pans of water. This makes one safe from attacks of all ex- cept flying squirrels, and they are said w be harmless.

Some of us had to come all the way to the Orient to learn that the japanese lanterns we have always associated with lawn fetes and the Fourth of July, really are Japanese lanterns.

A good coal oil lantern is indispensable w all missionaries who live where kerosene is available, and there are few places in the world today where it is not. A lantern lights, one to church when there IS no moun, ~nd very frequently it afford'S the most brilliant, if not the only light in church for the evening service. One goes over church records or studies by its light when out itinerating. A little group will follow a "foreign" lantern along the highway at night, making comments on its construe-

SOME THINGS OUR MISSIONARIES NEED

tion; and sometimes they follow it into church out of curiosity and accidentally hear the Gospel!

I do not know of any missionary, among the men, that is, except perhaps the very old ones, and some wh{)se early education was too classical, who would not rejoice to receive some good tools, saw, plane and square, chisels, ratchet brace, pliers, etc. All of us meet occasions where a few tools are indispensable. The Korean saw is set with teeth that point backwaJ'd, like those in a shark's jaw, and a handle like tha,t of a bucksaw. One is supposed to sit ()n the ground and hold the wood with his toe,s while sawing. This is interesting, but inconvenient. We once saw a Korean using an American saw.

He hel4 the blade upright between the soles of his feet as he sat on the ground and rubbed the wood back and forth on the saw.'

The missionary housewife says that oolored sewing 'Silks, espe.cially machine thread, are most desirable things to have on hand. It may seem like "coals to Newcastle" to 'Send silk to the Orient, but it must be remembered that the thread is manufactured in America and England from imported raw silk.

So a supply of sewing silks wouJd make a far more aeceptable gift than a taffeta pin cushion, or a gold braided vanity box.

Button hole twist and basting thread are the only varieties that can be bought in our city of fifty thousand.

:B'inally, when you want to send your missionaTY friend a gift, why not send him a book, a good one, a new one, 'S{)me- thing that will help him in his Bible teaching); or will keep him in touch with the things people at home are thinking about, and stimulate his thought?

Pyeng Yang, Korea. C. WALTER ERDMAN, MORE NEEDS IN KOREA The needs are so numerous that I hardly know where to begin. We needed a bell for our church, and· also an organ. I wrote to a friend for both and they were duly received, and have been of great service. A church bell does excellent service in getting people to church on time, and in calling the attention of unbelievers to the fact that there is a church in their oommunity, and that the Christians are having service.

A church clock would help to regulate the length of the services, and help make the leader more orderly. For 'Several years my young women's societies have supplied me with enough gifts for all our Sabbath school children at Christmas. I have asked for soap, wash cloths, towels, material for bags, pencil boxes, writing tablets, paint boxe'S and small toy;s, for the very tiny children. Books in English, any kind of wearing apparel,

I a'Sked not to have sent as these are' useless. The large pic- tures illustrating Bible scenes, and left over Sunday-school cards can be used to good advantage. Picture postal card'S are more acceptable if a clean 'Sheet of paper is pasted over the side with writ- ing on it. Then the cards are ready to have a verse of Scripture written on them in the native language before the yare dis- . tributed. Scrap books are acceptable, provided they have the _ right kind of pictures.

Kindergarten supplies of almost any kind are acceptable. A victrola came to our home, and it has been a constant joy, not only to us but to the many Koreans who visit our home. When it is known that a home ha'S a victrola new records would be very gratefully received. iThe furniture and furnishings in a. mission- ary hfmle wear out as in .America, and the heart of Mrs. Mission- ary would bound with joy if some day a check came with the mes- sage "Buy something for your own home." Fresh wall paper i'S a joy, and when ten dollars a year is all that is allowed by the Board for hoU/se repairs, new wall paper cannot be afforded very often. Table and bed linen also wear out. Our small boy is longing for a bicycle, but the missionary pocket book cannot manage it.

If Mrs. Missionary's size is known, a dress pattern now and then helps her to keep her old clothes fairly modern. A gift of money to put in a screened porch w.ould add much com- fort to the mis'Sionary home, and help keep the family in health.

Just now I am longing for a bath room equipment for our home in Pyeng Yang. The longer I am here the more I believe that anything that adds to the missionary's comfort makes a better missionary.

Pyeng Yang, Korea. MRS. C. F. BERNHEISEL.

THAT MISSIONARY FORD It is getting to be the habit of Inissionaries in Chosen when they go home on their first furlough to return to their field bring~ iug with them some new degree with which they may proudly decorate the posterior end of their names. These vary in size and in cost and amount of dignity. One of the lesser stars of missionaries went home. a few years ago, realizing his deficiencies and the 'Plainness of his name, and fostering secret hope'S of some little exterior improvement, before he should return to his doctored associates in Chosen. But during the short stay in America he found that a D.D. was not for him. Entirely unbeknown to him there came in one day the degree of F. O. R. D. conferred by the University of the Church of Unionville. We accepted it as a gift from the Lord for our use in His work, and we are desirous that it shall be used well in this cause.

SOME THINGS OUR MISSIONARIES NEED

GIVING OUT TRACTS FROM A FORD IN KOREA It is a Pullman car of luxury and a giant of usefulness alongside of the various other sputtering, nervous, little demorul that we have tried to ride over the roads of Chosen. My father visited Chosen a few years ago and often traveled with us to the country. He went back home to America saying, "Nothing in the way of good equipment is too good for the missionary." And from him came our motorcycle. Certainly if we consider the work of the busy missionary worth while at all, anything that will help iSave time, conserve strength, and make more work possible for him is certainly a most practicable and reasonable gift to provide him.

The Ford has not been here long enough for us to tell you all about its varied uses and advantages-and expenses. But we have already used it for over three months and we have driven it about 2,000 miles, including a trip to Kangkei and Wonsan. We are still keeping our seven-dollar-and-a-half share of that sturdy donkey up in Tukchyun county. He will always be used, we expect, as a sort of "tender" for the Ford, altho when we think of the disposition of that little donkey there is a mistake in the choice of words somewhere in the above phrase.

We expect to make some long trips in the machine when the roads and the seasons will allow, but the base will have to be at home. Our idea of the machine is not to use it in continuous itineration but out on trips of shorter duration, to visit points in the country where we have special and urgent business. We can often go out for over .Sunday. Sometimes on trips close by we can save expenses and time and baggage by going out

early Sunday morning, holding two Or three services and re- turning in the evening. One advantage is that we can take either our wife, or another' missionary, or several Korean brethren of the city, or may be all of them, ·to help us' in our work and make the trip count for more. Ways are multiplied in which the Ford connects the country with the advantages of the city, and brings more people of the better developed city churches into contad with the more needy rural churches.

One ·of the most appreciative passengers that we have ever taken with us is our old friend Mrs. Yi, (Pu Mu Kol Yi Si as she is known around here.) She is the grandmother of D'r. Graham Lee, she says, and was one of the Lees' staunchest friends while they were here. She js. 89 years old. Soon after we had started and were bowling along at a good rate we turned around and asked her how she liked the Ford. "Don't bother me" she answered with apparent difficulty. "I can't talk. My mouth is full of wind!" We took her up the mountain to the lookout near Peony Point, a place she had not been able to climb since she was a young woman. She saw her city spread out before her, the playground of her girlhood, and the beautiful river and the green pine trees and the verdant fields far below; and as we rested there the dear old grandma pathetically exclaimed, "I have ridden in an automobile! I have, ,seen this wonde.rful sight again! Now I am ready to die!" When later in the moonlight we put our aged friend down at the door of her thatched cottage she turned around to us and said, "I am not going to thank you. This isn't your automobile anyway. I'll give thanks when I say my prayers tonight." However, the next day an anonymous chicken was brought around to our house and tied to our kitchen door.

HELPFUL IN JAPAN .

Japan is not an easy country to which to send equipment.

We have no hospital work, kindergarten material is all made here much cheaper than at home and the Sunday-school sup- plies, with the exception of the large picture rolls, are prepared in this country. Picture rolls for the Sunday-school and Christ- mas boxes for our girls' schools are always helpful and greatly apprecia,ted. How a Japanese: girl, large or small, appreciates and prizes a pretty, well dreElsed American doll! Dainty white aprons, hair ribbons, lace edging and fancy bags, you in Amer- ica can scarcely realize what a joy a box of these things brings to both teachers and girls at Christmas time. It is an intimate, personal remembrance from the MothQr Church in America.

Tokyo, Jap(JJyt. HELEN O. REISCHAUER.

SOME Tl-IINGS OUR MISSrONAR1BS NBBD

A MESSAGE FROM CHINA Of the larger gifts, I would put a victrola first. It is an inestimable inspiration to the missionary, especially in interior China, where he hears nothing nearer music, ten months in the year, than the joyful noise a well-meaning oongregation can make.

It is a great delight also to the natives, and we have enter- tained hundreds with our $25 machine. An occasional new record is a great treat. Father sent some in a round tin box with corrugated pasteboard between, and none were broken.

Of little things, an occasional pattern of a skirt or dress, if the size is known. So often I have labored in vain for something wherewithal to clothe myself because my patterns were out of date.

I've made a chu,rn out of a malted milk bottle, a chair rung and a door knob; I can beat eggs with a fork, but I've never found a substitute for the rubber rings that mlljst g.o on fruit jars if the fruit is to keep. These are especially useful, as so many improvident ones are inclined to borrow. Shoe strings often cause distress by their absence. I had' a man ask me once for my last shoe string. Darning cotton and, elastic if one lives in the interior are often a crying need, but of course a thrifty person won't often be caught without them. .A good sweater is a necessity that is alwayslshrinking away from us.

Then if it is to delight the feminine heart, little treasures like a sweet grass basket or dainty handkerchiefs keep a woman from becoming as gray and dull as her barren surroundings. Books are alwaYls gladly received and keep us in touch with the .out- side world and its interests.

Shuntefu, China. MRS. GUY W. HAMILTON.

LAOKING IN CHINA AND TIBET Perhaps the following will be useful in helping others to make a selection which will be of invaluable help to any missionary.

1. Baby Orrgans. Through gifts of money I have been able to purchase four of these here in China, three of which are in lise in each of three country and city chapels, and one is uf'Rd in my woman's school. These are among the most useful and appreciated helps in the work. They are better bought here in China, as they stand the climate better than those from home.

2. Kindergarten materials. When I wa'S home on furlough, someone presented me with a case of used materials, which I have used ever since, and with the greatest plea'Sure, both to the children and myself, and to the pa.rents and friends.

3. Victrola a;nd records. When I was at home friends gave me a small one, size 11 x 8, using the regular Victrola Record'S, small enough to take itinerating in a houseboat, and of great

use and giving much pleasure both in the. home and in the school, to Ohinese as well 8iS foreigner.

4. The Lesson Picture Rolls. These are of invaluable help, in evangelistic meetings for women and children, in the school, m Sunday-schoQls, for itinerating in city and country, for gifts to pastors and evangelists and helpers. I have them mounted on thin wood roOds, ISO that they hang on the wall, and can be rolled and carried at will. And those printed now are so artistic and beautiful, that I have given them as gifts, at "Opening House" feasts, for wedding gifts, and otherwise. The walls of my school are adorned with these, and every guest on entermg, exclaims at their beauty, giving us an opportunity to Jell the story to the Chinese. And they are in constant use for teaching the Bible. Of the last lot sent to me, one roll I kept uncut, as it was the Life .of Christ, and in the Special Week of Evangelism at the China New Year, when we were holding meetings for non-Christian women and children, I used this roll to tell this wonderful story, and the picture of Christ on the Cro'Ss brought instant silence in the room, and moOre than one exclaimed, "Ka kw'u" "how bitter." Nearly all our chapels have these pictures hanging on the walls, the Chinese mounting them very neatly for about ten cents each. This year I' have had many tens of these done in this way.

5. Used Postcards, with. the writing covered neatly with white paper, s,o that a verse from the Bible can be written on. We use many thousands of these in city and country, and thus scatter a bit of Scripture which may bear much fruit. The children, and even men and women, eagerly ask for these.

6. The beautiful Pictures used to illustrate the Beginners' Lessons. These are most useful in teaching the Bible lessons, both in the Kindergarten and children's Sunday-schools; and also in Bible Classes they can be framed for gifts to the Chinese, to hang on their walls, where now often the only pictures are the advertisements of British and American Tobacco Companies.

7. Christmas Boxes. Most beautiful dolls have been sent me by friends and societies f.or the children here ever since I came out, but now that these are unprocurable, I will send you a list of what came to me la;st year and the year before, which made my heart rejoice and my feet almost dance, with the thought of the pleasure they were going to give the children. .A great many of these things came from the Five and Ten Oent Store, and a shower from that 'Store will do any missionary's heart good! Cakes of toilet soap, of which we cannot receive enough, facecloths, small towels, small bags with a few little things inside, crayons, tops, pocket knives, dolls, game'S, horse reins with bells, small col.ored books, handkerchiefs by the score, balls, a teddy

SOME THINGS OUR MISSIONARIES NEED

bear, a woolly dog, stamped squares with the colored cotton to work them, small stamped dres'Ses, children's hose, boxes of pencils and writing pads, paper dolls, a small flat iron, boxes of'

colored beads which the children love to string etc., etc. These boxes ought to be started long in advance to reach the mission- aries in time, but the amount of joy they give is well worth the cost of time and effort and money. – A small globe of the world would be of the greatest use in teaching the Chinese that the world is not fiat, this to be mounted on a standard.

8. Scraps of silk, velvet, [satin, cloth, print, percale, almost anything, left overs from dresses, secured from the tailor, or small shops, or from home, are of the greatest U:M. Always women are wanting these for making their shoes and shoes for the 'children, and small pieces four or five inches square or oblong are not too small, bright colors or dull or black, all will be used. Last year I bought a bundle of odds and ends from Montgomery Ward and Company, for ninety-eight cents, every piece of which made a garment, 'Small Or larger, for the Chinese children. Mission Bands at home, and Endeavor Societies could collect these pieces and have them sent out by mail or otherwise.

There, I think that will do for this time, and will give you a starter I A camera, v~st-pocket flash-light, indeed, almost any- thing under the sun that is of use at home can be put to greater use here. Soap, and more soap. Handkerchiefs, and more hand- kerchiefs.

Ningpo, China. :EDITH C. DICKIE.

Roderick MacLeod, of, Batang, Tibet, writes with much intere'St concerning the helpfulness of a phonograph which they have at that station. Dr. Loftis left this instrument behind. He says: "Some of the records are the charming songs of the Southland, songs that are full of human feeling and all hearts take to them. Grand marches pulsing with force and triumphs, songs of love that breathe forth the tenderes,t pas'Sion of human hearts and the hymns of praise that waft to heaven the emotions of the Christian spirit. This instrument brings much gladness to our lives. Last night as I sat and listened, I thought of that good man, Dr. Loftis, who had brought such delightful mu'Sic to this far off land."

LITERATURE NEEDED INMABIA A missionary in Arabia writes that the gifts from home that he has appreciated most, and that have contributed most to the efficiency of his service, have been those which have made

possible the continual purchase of books and the sUbscription to magazines. He continues: "The missionary is faced with the necessity of providing him- self with magazines and books along three lines all the time.· First his technical works, medical or theological or educational magazines, books, etc. There are no libraries in Arabia and it is a safe statement that no doctor at least should take less than half a dozen of the leading medical maga.zines, and buy at least two or three books a year. They cost lots of money. Secondly books and magazines dealing with missionary news, policy, and progress. They do not cost as much as those listed under the first heading, but you can not get them for nothing. Finally no missionary c'an afford to deprive himself entirely of some light reading for recreation both of the magazine type and lighter books, any more than can a man at home. If people at home appreciated just how short rnissionaries frequently are along these lines, there would be fewer missionaries who grow stale for the lack of means for keeping in touch with things as they are at home."

Bahrein, Persian Gulf. P. W. HARRISON.

Another missionary from the same field endorses this re- 'quest, ,saying: "Books and magazines make most acceptable gifts. No mis'Sionary is ever able to afford as many as he would like, and nothing else is so necessary to keep us in touch with the life and thought of the world. Subscriptions to any of the standard weeklies, monthlies or quarterlies, either general, missionary, popular, 'scientific, educational, travel or children's (the latter especially for those of us who are in school work or who have children of our own), make a gift to a missionary which is un- equalled. Most missionaries are far from libraries and reading rooms, and the best of the new books are doubly appreciated by people living in the .outposts of civilization.

"Victrolas and records are always a much used and prized adjunct to the work of those who are fortunate to possess them.

.B'or the marching and gymnastics of the school girls, to entertain a group of Mohammedan lady callers, to give a treat to' the boarding school boys in the evening, to play in a hospital ward, as well as for the pleasure of the missionary family and their guests, they 'earn their passage' many times over."

Busrah, Arabia. DOROTHY VANEss.

FOR SOU'l'H ,AMERICAN WORKERS In sending thing's into a country like Colombia, South Amprica, one must remember the exorbitant tariff duties. Some dear

SOME THINGS OUR MISSIONARIES NEED

903 people in the States once sent us a parcel of little garments for the children, bed-linen, etc. They marked the value of the parcel as $11.00, and paid all the postage which they thought would be due on it. When the parcel arrived we had to pay $17.00 to get it out of the post office. Then, as these friends had forgotten the ages of the children, few of the things fitted. Although they refunded us the money we paid for the parcel, the value of the contents did not equal the price paid. Things sent by freight are much worse. A 'Pair of silk socks sent in a box .of toys for the children, made us 'Pay duty on the whole box as though all the contents were silk-equal to duty on six hundred 'Pairs" of silk socks. There have been many times when I would have been most grateful for a 'Paper of good pins, or a wonderful package of needles, such as department stores at home sell for five or ten cents. Pins here are five for a cent, and are so ineffective that they will pas'S through nothing without bending or breaking. Needles come in tiny pill boxe,s, two f.or a cent, and always rusty. They are not more than two-thirds the length of a re- spectable needle. An egg-beater would be an undreamed-of lux- ury to us in the depths of Colombia. We take with us from the States everything that we think we shall need for three or four years. Perhaps you can imagine how successful you would be at that-if you felt that you could do no shopping for three years, and had to buy ahead.

We are alone in our station and can never enjoy anything that could be called recreation-no lectures, no music, no play time of any sort. So we depend absolutely upon the little reading that we can do to keep us from the insane asylum. Friends have sent us a few magazines after they had read them and we were most grateful. If there were those who would send us some of the high class magazines we would be happy. In "Bogota I once saw a young woman, a missionaTY, cry because the book her friend had promised her for Christmas, proved to be a discussion of Paul's ~eology. She said, "Doesn't she know that I have not seen a new book of good fiction for four years. I must get away from religious reading now and then." I would not dare say how many good missionaries feel the same way. Not necessarily " best sellers" or new novels are desired. Most of us have outgrown a desire for these, but a new book of travel or biography or science or humor, something that is not of a, religious nature sometimes is desired above all else. Books written about the country where we are working-by those who have visited our land, books of travel anywhere, or any good di.scussion of current affairs-these are the books for. which our souls long. When we find that we must forget the misery about us, and must forget our own problems for a little while, we are often driven to read~

904 ing-for perhaps the fourth or fifth time-sonre book of Dickens, or Van Dyke-yet the desire is often strong for something more connected with affairs of today. There is never a library and there is nowhere one may borrow. .

Books and magazines are entered in our country free of duties, unless they come by registered mail. We do not sit down to read every day, but there are moments; sometimes at table, often when the children a,re -sick and need watching, or we ourselves are ill, and unable to leave our beds-then we gather togther all the material at hand and feast. We have to have something to help us keep our balance and not become fanatical or intolerant.

Bucaramanga, Colombia, So. Am. MAUDE NEWELL WILLIAMS.

FROM CENTRAL AMERICA Many things that would be most useful in one country wouM be only a burden in another and many things which oould be obtained only from the United States in certain sections can easily be obtained on the field in other parts. Here in Guatemala for instance clothing and shoes may be obtained much cheaper than in the United States. I always remember a nice overooat 'Sent to my wife on which we had to pay $12, duty. The same coat could have been purchased here for $7.50. In some other fields that coat Inight have been a godsend.

For the home in Guatemala we need to buy from the United States or Europe: Crockery, Glass, Silverware, rugs, pictures and above all books, and magazines. We have so many calls for every cent of salary on the field that we feel we must let these things go. Then too we get out of touch with the life in the home land. On a sleepless night there is nothing like a book. The long waits which occasionally occur, the long rides on horseback or on the train, the moments between visitors, all can be utilized by the Inissionary with his book. It even occurs sometime that a missionary is put in prison. It happened to me once but the weary hours passed swiftly away as I read Chapter after Chapter of George Barrows "The Bible in Spain" which a kindly aunt had sent me and which I had carried along in my pocket when I left on that tour.

For the Churah and Sunday School: Our people are easily appealed to through· the eye. All .sorts of picture cards, picture rolls, charts and maps, are useful.

Towrs: On a tour one always travels as light as possible, but two things must always accompany the missionary, his toothbrush and his fountain pen. Both come from the U. S. A., both tend to wear out or get 'lost. I have never met a missionary who was over supplied with either of these commodities. The

SOME TlUNCS OUR MISSIONARIES NEED

fountain. pen is a source of never ceasing wonder to the native'S who can never contain their surprise that it writes ink without being dipped in an inkstand. The tooth brush is a little better known but if the missionary does not have his own he is likely to be invited to use the family toothbrush of his host, which they tell me is considered unhygienic in the United States today.

Quezaltenango, Guatemala. PAUL BURGESS.

A BOOK SHOWER FOR FILIPINO SCHOOL-Boys Miss Suman of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society writes from the Philippines to ask if any friends can supply supplementary reading matter f.or her High ~chool pupils. The required list of supplementary reading includes the following books: The Young Pitcher, Grey; Hawthorne's Biographical Stories; Blue Fairy Book; .<Esop's Fables, Ed. by Jacob; Little Journeys, Flanagan; The Dog of Flanders, Louise de la Ramee; Red True Story Book, Andrew Lang; Pluck on the Long Trail, Sabin; Character the Grandest Thing in the World, Marden; For the Honor of the School, Barbour; Pollyanna, Porter; Tales from Shakespeare, La;mb; Abraham Lincoln, Baldwin; The Long Trail, Gardner; Stories of Useful Invention, Forman; Mother, Norris; Success, Marden; The Alhambra, Irving.

Money can be sent for books by post office order or books can be sent anywhere– "t regular second cla.ss postage rates. .

IN THE CENTER OF AsIA MINOR In my school work I have found very useful a model of the Tabernacle with the camp of Israel 'Surrounding it. This has been exhibited to my own Bible classes in the 'College Department, to the Grammar School classes as they have come to the subject in their work, to the Primary classes in Sunday-school,and even to' groups of students in the Boys' High School. In working with young women I have been glad to· own certain books written in simple English, but with good wholesome tone, which I can either read aloud to girls or lend to them for their own perusal. Many a time have I read Miss Alcott's "Little Women" and Mrs. Prentiss' "Flower of the Family" to girls who have almost no access to books, but who are eager to hear how other girls live. . To myself personally, and to some of my mis'Sionary associates a dressmaker's form is most desirable. Mine is a pneumo-form, to be inflated to fit any waist lining, and with a standard adjustable to any height. It folds up into .a box fifteen inches square and three deep. With this help, dressmaking becomes a pleasure, and in a land where neither dressmakers nOr ready nmde clotl;ling are obtainable, this is truly a valuable part of my equipment. For social gatherings, it is helpful to have some games for the youngsters, such as ring tos'S, crokinole or parchesi, and for

the older ones authors or lagomachy. Friends have sent post cards by the hundreds which I have used in a multitude of ways. One batch had wall paper pasted on the back-a most satisfactory way to prepare them for use.

Harput, Asia Minor. MARY W. RIGGS.

IN THE LAND OF THE PHARAOHS With regard to things most useful in our work shall I name those for personal use first ~ Books and magazines are at the head of the list, from the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD and those of devotional character to those of practical hints for housekeeping, dressmaking, etc. Christmas time usually pro- vides handkerchiefs and towels, but never too many. Every missionary should have a typewriter, but many still find them listed among the impossible luxuries, when they are, in fact, life savers and time conservers.

Books again head the list as gifts for pupils in the day schools, from the simplest illustrated story books to the whole- some stories suitable for older pupils. O!ne could keep in close tORch with the graduates by having a little circulating library of one's own. The missionary can suggest readings to fill up the lonely hours of those who return from the positive, Chris- tian atmosphere of the mis.sion school to non-Christian homes.

A Moslem graduate wrote me in appreciation: "Thank you again for all those lovely books. I have finished 'George Mliller' only today. How I admire such a man, and hope to make my life like his. Yes, it is wonderful the way he prayed for some of his fri'ends."

Gotton blankets form part of the equipment in the Girls'

College. They are not to be had in the market in Egypt and must be supplied from America.

Cairo, Egypt. ALDA B. ATCHISON.

MOTOR CYCLE AND A STEREOPTICON IN AFRICA Not long ago I took a trip down on the Eaawo'o Road to visit village schools and do some itinerating. I took the lantern along and gave several evening talks on the life of Ghrist with the help of the slides. The people enjoy these meetings very much, a.s there is so little to be read and 'So few who can read, but pictures they can all enjoy. One of my recent j,ourneys was made easier by the loan of Mr. Neal's Indian motorcycle. I made the trip to Kribi, 66 miles, in three hours, and came back with ease and comfort. It would otherwise have taken me two days each way at least. It is a great help in getting around the field and attending to churches and schools. The machine has a rear car also, which

SOME THINGS OUR MISSIONARIES'NEED

will enable me to take Mrs. Reis and the children along with me on some of my trips.

West Africa. JACOB A. REIS.

·Qne of the most primitive fields is in Central Africa where almo"St anything from a civilized land is a boon. A bicycle is almost a necessity. Mr. George Schwab of Metet, West Africa, writes: "We jump on a wheel, or a motor .cycle, and off we are. ~'here are so many miles to cover or points to visit in so many hours or days. There is no other way, unless more men can come. The school ooys come by hundreds. We can scarcely do more than call the roll in "School, when we must off to some other task. Is it any wonder we are becoming amazed a,t the product of our effort 7 There are many calls for teachers and evangelists from so many' headmen beyond our outposts. There came boys recently from a school which is six days walk from here, with a request from a chief a day· beyond them, that I send "Someone with 'the Life.' "

FORDS IN SIAM AND PERSIA A Gospel Ford sent to Dr. and Mrs. Campbell of Chieng Mai for missionary work receiVEd a cordial reception, more than twenty native carpenters giving their labor to build a garage. In several of the districts the Christians have volunteered to repair the roads leading to their village. GIn one Sunday the car carried two missionaries and three native pastors to the waiting congregations. Th~ man who stood guard over the car during the services improved the time by placing two hundred po:r:tions of the Scriptures in the hands of non-Christians. Three cottage prayer meetings were also conducted by the party, two of them in houses that had never witnessed a Christian service before.

From Persia Rev. Dwight M. Donaldson writes: "We have got the first news of the things that are "coming by freight. A telegram has come saying that forty-nine boxes have arrived in Karachi, India, and asking how they should be "Sent on to Persia. Possibly I shall have to go by motor transport for 800 miles to the terminus of the railroad and organize a caravan there to bring the first freight ever to come from America to Meshed. Coming back I will probably ride in the Ford car sent by the Men 's Bib~e Class of the New Castle Church."

FROM A MEDICAL MISSIONARY IN INDIA "0 for a motorcycle to take me around on my distant calls! Sakina (my helper) and I are out on a "case," 20 miles from home and no train u,ntil 10 p. m. It is now 7 p. m. and I am sitting on my feet trying to keep them warm. We have driven from

a village five miles away, bump, bump, bump, in a native cart (a "tum tUm") over a bad road hoping to catch the 4:15 p. m. train, but we missed it by ten minutes. A baby's life has been saved so that it ha'S been a good day's work even if it has' taken us from 12 p. m. to 12 a. m. to do it. A motor cycle would have cut the time down to three hours away from the hospital and a side-car would have taken my helper with me. Do you remember how I simply "bellowed" for a motorcyiCle, and that motorcycle is the joy pf my existence. I have sent a long list of what we need in the hospital,-sheets, clothing, etc.; and in another list I have cried aloud for a high power microscope and bed pans. The books that I really need most are Bible literature. It is perhaps strange, but I have been buried in medical literature for a good many years, and need some help in Bible Study.

Ambata City, India. ELIZBETH LEWIS.

A MISSIONARY'S SUMMARY A sy;stematized list of' things that a missionary in most lands needs, but which Callnot readily be procured on the field, is found in the following fairly coinplete summary from China.

FOR GENERAL MISSIONARY WORK.

A folding camera is almost a necessity, whether for regular work or for special things, as it adds to reports and letters to have pictures.

Typewriter. A light, small typewriter is mO'st convenient, and makes letters and reports less of a burden to those who write, and those who read them. .

Bicycle. Whether itinerating or in a large city like Peking, the bicycle saves an enormous amount of time. A' friend sent eight for the use of our Chinese helpers, and they increased the number of villages they could visit in a month in a marvel- ous way. With a wheel the country paths in China are pass- able, even when cart roads are not."

F01Jhl,tain Pen. This is practically indispensable for all mis- sionaries, men and women alike. , A Compact Toilet Case and Compact Writing Pad are a great comfort in the frequent long journeys.

A Wrist Walch with reliable time-keeping qualities is a great convenience. In winter one wears so much clothing and in summer so little, a safe place for a watch i'S always a problem. .

A Traveler's Medicine Case. On long journeys, away from doctors, one must carry along certain standard remedies. A clinical thermometer is needed also. A Mimeograph. There is constant need for programs, ex- amination papers, notices to helpers, etc. Printing is expen'Sive and Chinese copyists very slow.

SOME THINGS OUR MISSIONARIES NEED

FOR ITINERATING WORK A Folding Rubber or CanvalS Bath Tub, and folding wash basin. On a month long trip, the bath tub is a necessity in China, and a wash basin has always to be taken. The danger from eye infection is so great that we never use any other than our own basins.

A CanvalS Tent large enough to hold a cot or two insures one against the danger of tubercular infection at inns, and the vermin that infest these places.

A Folding Army Cot secm:es one a comfortable bed when sleep on a hard brick floor might prove impossible.

A Baby Organ may be taken from one place to another. in the country and assist much in teaching the tunes, a'S well as in attracting a crowd to services.

A Small Alcohol Lamp may make a quick, palatable meal possible when traveling where inns are poor or do not exist at all.

·CHRISTMAS GIFTS FOR LETTERS BY REV. J. C. KOENIG, LEPER ASYLUM, CHANDKURI, INDIA As to Christmas gifts, money is certainly more acceptable than the average merchandi3e. Nearly everything sent can be bought cheaper locally, especially if the shipping 'expense is counted. A few toys, pictures, cholies, mufflers and socks are acceptable, but even they can be had just as well here and the shipping expense saved. I would like to have for Christmas, first of all $50.00 for a Christmas dinner. We have always given meat, potatoes, cocoanuts and sweets on this day.

For presents I would like tops for the children, cholies for the women, and cholies, mufflers aT socks faT the men. I can buy toys at a small cost and have cholies made locally for 20 cents apiece. .We need about 300 cholies per year. Of the knitted wool mufflers or socks for the men about 200 would be needed. The knitted wool mufflers are certainly very acceptable but must be very expensive. I can have muffiers made here of flannel, at the cost of 20 cents each.

Blankets costing 89 cents, coats costing 24 cents, and saris costing 36 cents are always needed by the Asylum Inmates. Gifts that would be very much appreciated but that I have never been able to supply are sandals, spoons. plates, and tumblers. Sandals as worn here come to about 25 cents each and would be a great boon to the Lepers to protect their sore feet and their band- ages and to help them to get about. Plates and tumblers of enamel ware come to about 10 cents each and would be very acceptable gifts, and spoons would be doubly acceptable as our Lepers have such difficulty to eat in the native fashion with their fingers. Metal ones for bowls can be had for 5 cents apiece.

For my office I greatly need a new typewriter. Myoid machine is almost useless. All is well in the Asylum. We now have 435 Lepers, 18 Leper children, and 60 untainted children. Last month 60 Lepet men and women were baptized. Our new boys' home is finished and is a splendid building. Two new women's wards will be finished by the end of the year.

TRAVEL WHERE THERE ARE NO AUTOS OR

The bicycle or motorcycl e often do ubl es a missionary's us efuln ess by increasing his territory an d facilitating travel TO TEACH THROUGH EYE-GATE BIBLE PICTURE ROLLS SOME THINGS YOU CAN SEND TO MISSIONARIES Equipment that makes work more fruitful at home and abroad 910

® @ ~……….B..:.E..S._ T M~ ETH……O….._D"S•._ .,,~O

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK NINE BEST MEETINGS A missionary meeting does not have to be dull and insipid in order to be orthodox.

Some leaders never have to urge the attendance of their mem- bers from the standpoint of duty. Instead they devote all their time to the preparation of programs no one will want to miss.

An old farmer who was attending a church convention chuckled to himself as he read over the subjects on the program.

"See here, parson," he said to his pastor, "there's one thing always amuses me about the way you church people go at the busi- ness. You've had papers and discussions all day on how to get people to attend your meetings. I've never heard a single address at a farmer's convention on how to get the cattle to come up to the rack. We put all our time on the best kinds of feed. I sort of have a notion that if you put more time on discussing what to put in the rack you wouldn't have to spend all that time discussing how to get your folks to attend."

Twenty-five leaders who have been especially successful were asked: "What was your best meeting?"

Their answers will help to furnish material and suggestions for many other good meetings.

i' II : iI I I A RECOGNITION MEETING .ers, King's Heralds, and Little Light Bearers, all combined. When a church having a total membership of 1100 members, with By a ten days' Drive, 435 new members were added to our mis- 490 members in its various mis- sionary family.

sionary organizations adds 435 new Celebrating this wonderful achieve- ment, a Recognition Meeting was members to the missionary societies, planned,-a great get-together occa- sion. Four committees were appointmost likely some one has been at ed to plan the four features of the program: work. Grace Methodist Church, First, Auxiliary Hour, from 4 to 5 Zanesville, Ohio, did this very thing. o'clock.

All of the missionary organizations Second, Children's Hour, from 5 to 6 o'clock. pulled together. Then they had a Third, Social Hour, to which all old four hour recognition meeting in and new members were invited, many men having become extension members. which all the societies took part. Fourth, Young People's program, 7 :30 Mrs. O. N. Townsend who led the to 9 o'clock.

hosts to victorv describes this best For the afternoon meeting beauti- meeting: . ful and appropriate decorations were Members of our foreign missionary organizations. numbered 4~O-Auxiliary, Regular, ~nd Extension Mem- bers, Young 'Women, Standard Bear- 911

placed in the Sunday-school room, with satisfactory provisions for everyalso in the Lecture Hall for all e:}{er- body's comfort. cises after five o'clock. Supper over and the dining-room Long tables were conveniently closed off, all were comfortably seated. placed. A substantial, self-served supper was paid for as members Young PeoPle's Hour. passed the cashier's desk. Through The District President presiding. organization leaders, a fair estimate A short greeting extended to new memwas obtained of the number to be provided for. This plan worked ad- bers. mirably. Nothing was solicited and Response by one of the men. thirty-five dollars .remained after The Standard Bearers contribution was paying all expenses, including decorations. a playlet, "The Saturday Basket Club," a stunt in which Six or eight girls took The Social Committee called to its part. help a goodly number of women and girls, secured a caterer and this part The Young Women followed with an of the celebration was without con- original demonstration called "The Secrefusion or uncertainty and more than tary's Dream." conformed to the standard of never serving any church supper, the ex- America, in costume, received reprepenses of which shall exceed 30% of sentatives of various nations, heard their the gross proceeds. The balance was· story of despair and pleading. divided among the five organizations and added to our fund for Medical The Secretary, asleep under the even- – Equipment. iug lamp-awakened to receive four little fairies in costume, with telegrams from PROGRAM the Membership Marshal saying, "We will answer our share of the World's Auxiliary Hour. Devotional· period of heart-_cry." rare beauty. The Auxiliary,· the Young People, An appropriate solo. the King's Heralds, and the Little Medical Missions, stressed by demon- Light Bearers, have enlisted 435 stration, in costume: "Who bids for my more to help work for the extension Sign." of the Kingdom of our Lord and His Impressive word picture of the home Christ. base, by a member. Clever Sketch, by two members, (in MARY TowNs]i:ND. lighter vein). Zanesville, Ohio Recognition of new members. Greeting by the President. THE BEST MEETING Roll Call by groups (standing to respond). It was not the meeting when the Contingent offering. Missionary creed. most tears were shed, nor was there Hymn. evidence of great emotion. It was in Adjournment, to Lecture Hall. a little Upper Room when fifty or more radiant young women-some of Children's Hour. them calling themselves "The Rain- March of King's Heralds and Little bow Division"-had been dining to- gether, and now were talking of the Light Bearers, singing. missionary service to which many Two or three short r~citations and one had pledged themselves. One blessed girl said, referring to some recently musical ·number. gained knowledge and insight: P;)ntomime, "March of the Mites," illus- "Oh, I didn't know before that trating use of the mite box. missionary work was like this." Grouping all the children about her, a Just what opened her eyes ami young mother with a child in her arms, heart I am not certain, but in that told the story of "Other Children." moment something stirred in ·the hearts of those who listened, and Another mother sang soft1y-a tiny hoy made even the most indifferent won-· repeated, "The Flaymate of Nazareth," as der what it really was like anyway a closing prayer. to be enlisted in this service.

Social Hour. So many among us do not know A great big splendid fiamity gathering what is the real reason why there are those in our churcl!es who do not

192O} BEST METHODS

care about missi{)ns, and I verily be- On the day of the meeting she lieve that if we carried some of the joy and enthusiasm of this beautiful blocked off sections of the seats, girl into our service we would draw more people, young and old, into tying signs on the ends of canes, these missionary ranks. fastening the canes to the backs of That meeting was such a happy one. Once in a while when tempted certa-in chairs tQ designate these to grow a bit discouraged I recall the radiant face and the ringing words divisions: "Mothers," "Grandmothof this "Rainbow girl"-"I didn't know it was like this"-and then I ers," "Aunts," "S. S. Teachers,' and just take a deep breath and say to myself: "It is like this, and I am "Junior Leaders," "Sisters," "Neighglad to be enlisted." Washington, D. C. bors" (this last to include all the CLOTILDA LYON McDOWELL. left-over ladies!) There was a cer- MISSIONARY PLAY-TIMES DEMON· tain degree ~f amusement in finding STRATE)) proper seats;-:-Boy Scouts were ush- The Wide-Awake-Friend wrote me that someone had sent her a certain ers. Ten boys and girls of assorted little book about missionary playtimes and story hours, and she knew ages sat spellbound on the side rows it would revolutionize the ladies in her church if somebody could only (so the- audience could see the spell work up a program on it, and proved why that somebody should be-my- working, you know!) None of the self! So the program was made and sent, and even though I live to demonstrations had been rehearsed, be a hundred, never again will a program of mine create such a stir, as it seemed safe to count on the for she added frills and furbelows of her own, and wrote me that her proper reactions from anyone under "ladies" reacted exactly as she wanted, "and then some!" twelve! -.

For invitations she secured long 1. They opened with "I Think strips of colored paper from her church printer, gratis, and pasted at When I Read,"-mothers and grandthe top adorable little boys and girls from magazine advertisements, being mothers sang one verse; teachers and laundered with Luxor powdered with talcum, or dining on jellies and leaders another; aunts and neighbors cakes! Underneath she typed. the third; the children themselves the "Of course you know one! Somehow, everybody's bound to be fourth.

either aunt or S. S. teacher, 2. With this spirit in the air a mother or neighbor, sister or Junior leader to some delightful young woman came and sat in a little child,-and bigger ones, too! So we know you will enjoy our chair on the platform with children absolutely novel program on (date) on squatting around her on the floor, as "*The School of Mother's Knee" she recited the verses of "Alma (There will be solos, exercises, demonstrations by children and Mater" found on page 10 of the grown-ups•• You will love it) book to be reviewed that day-"The School of Mother's Knee :-"

"The oldest university Was not on India's' strand, Nor in the valley of the Nile Nor on Arabia's sand; From time's beginning it has taught And still it teaches free Its learning mild to every child- The School of Mother's Knee.

The Bible Reading followed,-II Timothy 1 :3-6; with a talk to moth- ers and all others, gleaned from pages 11-16 of the book referred.to, show- ing the divine place that play has in forming habits of sympathy, fair play, cooperation and friendliness, and how missionary playtimes are doubly fascinating to clinch the need ~f the world with the fun of "being someone else."

4, Sentence prayers followed.

5-. Then an un~unced solo.

while all heads were still bowed: 8. Then followed a never-to-be- "A Mother's Hymn," (page 210 for forgotten scene when another wee words and'music source). child in an irresistible "nightie" knelt 6; After which the fun began, at her feet and repeated after her when my Wide-Awake-Friend her- "So Many" (page 49) naming the self started the play demonstrations. ten fingers one at a time for the First came "Copy-Cats and Chatter- Christ-less countries. While still Boxes" (Chapter I.); she sat at a kneeling, som.eone stood beside them low table on the platform jingling a and recited "My Altar" (page 38) Box, and summoned a shy little and gave a one-minute review of the Four-Year-Old to come up and join chapter on bed-time prayers and her. The jingling won him! He stories; after which the pretend~ wanted the thing in that Box! And mother gathered up the little kneel- everyone heard him ·chuckle as he ing child into her arms and told .drew out a little bullock cart, made about the "Little girl who never used from two spools, a tiny box, a curve a button." (page 45.) of white paper and a piece of string. 9. Having thus briefly proved that She told him to drive it around the missionary play-times are feasible table, which he promptly did, while for small children, another speaker she explained that a Chatter-Box in took the Junior age, and proved "The home or school has a new missionary Mysterious Charm of Bundles"

plaything added every day (or Sun- (Chapter III.) by calling a nine- day) thus forming a continued story: year-old girl to the platform, hand- a nurse from a magazine advertise- .ing her a note and reading aloud ment might come, after the bullock directions for her to look behind the cart; then a little hut, made from a piano for a package, which she did box plus a cone-shaped roof; a sick with much excitement, unwrapping Hindu doll; a bed .for a hospital. a Chinese doll with a scrolly letter Before everyone's eyes Four-Years- attached containing further direc- Old dragged the dear nurse in the tions to find a Chinese house, etc.

cart to the hut, collected the patient (Pages 53-66.) At this point every and dragged him gently, oh so gent- child in the room was on tip-toe ly, to the little bed (made from a around the little girl. "You see!" said box with the lid fixed just so; my the demonstrator significantly. And "Wide-Awake-Friend" showed them the audience saw!

how, from page 137 of the book.) 10. "Dressing-Ups" to be Hindus, After the Chatter-Box came a Jack- Chinese, Immigrants, and Alaskans in-the-Box for another F our-Year- came next ( Chapter VI.), and Old, and a Copy-Cat for another, so showed how mere left-overs were that missionary pictures could be quite sufficient for "missionary"

traced through thin paper. She clothes, and how "S. A. T." (Society moved this table to a corner of the for Adopting Twins) gave a splendid room where those three youngsters outlet for teen-age activities.

played contentedly for over half an 11. Meanwhile the Boy Scouts had hour, obviously captivated. And the "fidgets,"· so Chapter XI. had their mothers were seeing it, too, of its inning, and the boys and girls course! played "Looping the World," trying 7. This was in March, so she to loop missionary heroes, whpse used one of the missionary flower names were written on rubber jar playthings suggested on page 34. circles, on hooks, labelled as coun- Holding a daffodil in her. hand she tries, ("Carey" must. go on India, had another Four-Yeal'-Old repeat "Livingstone~' on Africa, etc.) Other after her, into God's :Little Yellow games were. menti0rt~ 'then to .create Telephone -the .lovely ve~se ·:of "The quiet once more ; ., Whis~r Song." It)Vas be~uti£ull • 12. Missionary· scrap-books were ~-~.=..-="",~-.-"-=-~.'" -~–

BEST METHODS

begun, as suggested in Chapter VIII. ing. The Bible study was the ,Story on "Successful Rainy Day…" There of a Shipwrecked Missionary (Paul). was the Hungry Scrap-Book (pict- Then followed most interesting and ures of food, rice from China, tea informing talks which the girls had from Japan, sugar from Cuba) and prepared on "Ships. that Have the travel book (Gorikishas, sedan Sailed." The first one was on the chairs, bullock carts) etc. Sophia-Hedwig, the first missionary 13. While the pasting was in ship which carried Bartholomew progress, a third Demonstrator dis.- Ziegenbalg and Henry Pleutschau to played a shelf of missionary books India. Then followed stories of every family should own, and plead- 1;Ians Egede's "Hope" and various ed for a "Once A Week Story Night" other ships that have fascinating (as in Chapter X.) stories but are little known. Six girls had six minutes each to tell of By this time everyone was seeing the ship assigned to them. They had the possibilities of such play-times: made so much advance preparation their fun, their simplicity, their sig- their talks were sparkling with innificance. My "Wide-Awa~e-Friend" terest. wrote it was rich to see the audience nodding its hats and craning Ten minutes was given to a stirring its necks and wiping its eyes! talk on "Cargoes that Shame Us," "Something good will come of this," dealing with the intoxicants and idols she wrote. sent from. Christian America to non- They closed by having everyone Christian lands, and to the tourist stand to read in unison from the parties and business men who have blackboard "My Crown" (Page 170.) been so thoughtless and Godless in their influence. "The only crown I ask, dear Lord, to wear The special offering was gathered in baskets made in the s.hape of Is this-that I may help a little child. ships. I do not ask that I should ever stand New Y o r k E ; . M;.B. Among the wise, the worthy, or the great; I only ask that softly hand in hand GIVING A ~IISSIONARY MESSAGE TO A child and I may enter at Thy gate."

They sang "Saviour. Like A Shep- THOUSANDS herd Lead Us" as a benediction; and the children scampered up to their Lancaster, Pennsylvania, is one of the cities that makes city-wide misrespective mothers and aunts and sionary plans. Recently several teachers crying: "Couldn't I please thousand of its people gathered on the beautiful west slope of Buchanan have a little doll like this to play Park to witness *The Striking of with." America's Hour, a pageant of. Chris- tian liberty. More than three hun- MARGARJ<:T T. ApPL!<:GARTH.

A SHIP AHOY MEETING dred people took part in the presenta- Our best meeting last year was our tion of the pageant. Silhouetted Missionary Ship Meeting which was against the sky-line just over the held by the young women. The invi- ridge were the towers of Franklin tations were tiny ships cut out of and Marshall College and the magthin card board' with invitations writ- nificent trees of the campus. A ten on the back. A 'large poster chorus of two hundred voices . sang with ship announcing day and hour "How Lovely are the Messengers" of sailing hung in the vestibule for from Mendelssohn's St. Paul. A two weeks before the date of meet- sextette of contralto voices rendered .* The School of Mother's Knee-A Book .qf Bach's "Strike, Strike, Thou Long World Wide Playt'mes by MarUM'et T. Apple- . Look~d for Hour." . ,Then· the garth p"bluhed. hill. Women's Americs1l Bopti.rl 1J.:uqJpeters ,summoned' the Spirit '<if ~:~k:gj,ri~.r1i1o':.Y Socid::;, ,27~: Fi't~. Avtt_#_.N~w Brotherhood with Li~ty. and. Jus-

ike bdore whom the nations of the hie invitations in the shape-of card9"'"

earth passed. for judgment. N-ever- with a flashing solitaire cut from a to-be-forgotten was the impression jewelry catalogue pasted thereon.

made by the great empires of the Underneath the ring was printed, past as they slowly ascended the "Your engagement is announced for sloping hill-side – Egypt, Greece, June meeting of Missionary Society, Babylonia and Rome-all summoned Friday at three thirty." At the bot- to judgment and condemned because tom was printed "Brides from Many they did not set their own people Lands will Attend."

free and did not send out the true The program was made up of im- light to lighten the world. personations. A girl dressed in There was great enthusiasm at the Chinese costume told how she had entrance of America preceded by: been betrothed, a little widow from ten handmaidens. India' gave a touching impersonation.

The Striking of America's Hour An African, a Japanese, a Korean, was made impressively evident by the and a Mohammedan bride followed.

pleas of those who look to her for The girls had studied their pa,rts light. well and while no words had been The pastor of a Lancaster colored assigned them they had made such a Baptist church made the plea for the thorough study of the customs it was negro in America. A large group of easy for them to impersonate' a girl immigrants followed by groups from of the land they represented. Very Japan, China, Korea, and other non- simple refreshments were served by Christian lands made impressiv~ the brides. Every one enjoyed the pleas. A negro girl who was an meeting and all of us had a deeper honor high school student led the insight into the customs of other group of more than twenty colored lands. The girls who had taken part people who sounded Africa's call. in the program were especially im- Not one among the thousands pres- pressed.

ent failed to catch the significance of New York. S. C.

America's closing words with the cross lifted high above her head, A NEW WAY OF STATING SOME OLD TRUTHS and a missionary message was given to many who are not reached in the The most unique and for that rea- son one of the best missionary meetusual circles. Nine denominations and thirty ings I have ever attended was given churches cooperated in the presenta- in the form of a little play entitled tion of the pageant which was direct- "Sara Speaks Out." Two of our ed by Mrs. C. N. McHose, chair- gifted members wrote the play, and man of the Missionary Committee its primary object was to enlist a of the Lancaster Y. W. C. A. and large number of participants not Miss Lebzetter, chairman of the usually heard from. The scene of the play was Sara's Religious Work Committee. Many of the societies that plan home; A group of women fresh only in a small way Illight use this from the afternoon's missionary suggestion for a community service. meeting stopped in to tell her about the program in the hope of enlisting JUNE ROSES AND MISSIONARY her interest. Instead Sarah gave BRIDES them a piece of her mind. She Our June meeting was best of all. assailed the society and the way The hostesses had sent out irresisti- meetings were conducted aqd the sort of programs they arranged.

Her criticism reflected. CUrrent -thought and gave opportunity for much information to be given on

BEST METHODS 91:7

both sides.. The various mIssIOnary Another plan successfully tried out magazines were all discussed and a for the same purpose was to conduct stimulating atmosphere aroused. the meeting as a school session with An amusing part of this play was members assigned to various classes, the' frequent confession ~ :terwards as history, geography, reading, s~el1made by those who too" ~….t that ing and music. The teacher may call they found themselves answering ~•. rlasst"s ill an order that will vary titudes and objections which the;' the program and ask questions which had securely held for years. she alone has seen. Mnsic and read- a The two necessary rehearsals pro- ing may bt given by individuals.

moted most friendly spirit and Columbus, O. MRS. C. B. RAYMOND. under the guise of a "play" many PLATES FOR NEARLY A THOUSAND valuable suggestions were given. BUSINESS WOMEN MRS. D. J. FLEMING. Chicago.

To step off of busy rushing Fifth A MISSION STUDY BEE Ave., New York, into an earnest How to Make the Chapter Study Gospel Service with nearly a thou- Interesting sand business women present is an experience not easily forgotten. They Several weeks before the meeting were not all present at the same send to each member a copy of fifty moment but came in about four in· or more carefully prepared ques- stallments.

tions on the chapter of the text The wonder of wonders about it book to be studied that day. Also is that it is not a "drive" nor a appoint two leaders who divide the "new broom" meeting. For three membership equally, each being re- years, week in and week out, sponsible for the presence of her through winter's cold and through, group. summer's heat, every Tuesday this At the time of the meeting, let noon-day meeting for business the room be as appropriately arid women has been held, first in Madi- attractively decorated as possible and son Square Presbyterian Church and the _table for presiding officer mid- then in Ma.rble.j, Collegiate.. Church… way between the sides of the room at At eleven o'Clock 'one 9rmore wome~ one end, with chairs for the oppos- of the committee are standing in the ing groups on either side. As the hall to welcome the girls who come ladies come in let the leader of each in to luncheon. Some of the most· group seat her members. prominent women of N~w York have When ready for the program let served 6n these commi~tees in the the chairman take. the chair of the, past three years. A, .business girl.

president and ask the questions of met a member of the .. committee on alternate sides mold-fashioned· the street some time ago and ex- spelling bee style. pressed her .. appreciation of the.· If the lesson is well prepared so luncheons. She said, "At first I, the questions do not fill the time, thought the ladies who were doing let the· chairman ask also general it had just taken it up as another missionary questions or questions. fad.. and they wQ!.ddsoon tire of it – concerning the organization and· anq· drop it. I havll been so sur~.

officers of the denomination to-which prised and delighted to have it kept, this auxiliary belongs. up in this way."

Let the losing side be responsible From eleven to two a good for an unusual presentation of the luncheon is served for twenty cents, next chapter. This has been succeSs- so that the business girls and women fully tried in smaller groups where in that vicinity may have the oppor- the text-book is being used for tunity of attending the noon-day gospel meeting.· The. ~aker for study.

each day makes four talks as the though· we have a walk of eight blocks.' girls come and go, according to their No. it is not only the food that calls lunch hour. us ! We find the speakers chosen by you very inspiring and interesting, and Mrs. J. E. L. Davis, the chair- it is not uncommon to hear little groups of girls discussing what was said by lhe man, who has led the work so won- speaker after their return to the office. derfully since its beginning, takes a Tuesday afternoons always seem so much few minutes with each group in happier and shorter just because we have memorizing and repeating Bible pas- heard some helpful message at mid-day. sages. Then there are ringing Gospel Nor is it uncommon to hear the girls in hymns with a song leader, and the the office humming hymns which were talk of ten or fifteen minutes. sung during the noon service."

The audience changes four times "I just want to say that I am very from twelve to two, while girls are happy in spirit and the answer is beconstantly slipping in and out quiet- cause i made my decision on April 10th. ly in order to meet their lunch and took MY LORD .AND MASTER INTO MY schedule. HEART AND I MEAN TO KEEP HIM THERE FOR Some of the letters and messages 1'HE REMAINDER OF MY l"nIE." that have come from business girls to the committee show how they "I look forward to my luncheon beappreciate this somewhat unusual cause it is always so dainty and clean, meeting. and everything you serve is delicious and so different from restaurant food. Al- "I want you to know how much the though I have mentioned the luncheon first, it does not hold the more imyoung ladies of the Ingersoll Watch Co., portant place in my mind. What really draws me, rain or shine, is the Iittie have appreciated the Business Women's chapel upstairs and our wonderful times there. If only I could make you under- Luncheon. Our girls were the first to stand what the sermons and singing have attend the luncheons when they were meant to me! Always it seems that the started in the Madison Avenue Center. ;peaker has some soecial message for me, They fairly lived from Tuesday to and I come out with a brighter view of Tuesday, and were more anxious to life, and a resolution to be kinder and hear the speaker than to eat their lunch, more thoughtful of those with whom I and, oh, the sad and disappointed hearts come in contact. There is just one more when we moved our New York office to point I wish to mention. Up until I 30 I rving Place. The first remark uttered attended your meetings, I had never read was 'We won't be able ·to attend th the Bible. I believed in it and con- Business Women's Meetings any more. sidered it rather "uninteresting" reading Don't you suppose it would be possible and preferred to have some one else read for them to hold the luncheons .some it and tell me about it. A few weeks ago place nearer our office? May I say I received a Testament from you, and thank you for myself. How my heart each evening I read a portion of it. I rejoices to know that Jesus Christ is really enjoy it now because I find the being lifted up before the business women people and places so rea1." of this city I' "

."Tuesday is always looked forward to by the girls of my office which employs from thirty to forty. On the average ahout twenty-five attend regularly, al-

Woman's Foreign Mission

J. , EDITED BY MRS, WM. H. FARMER, MONTCLAIR, N.

PROGRAM OUTLINES FOR MISSIONARY MEETINGS ON THE BIBLE AND MISSIONS THE EDITOR'S MESSAGE Benediction. God be merciful unto us and bless us, Although no official reports of And cause His face to shine upon us, summer conferences have reached That Thy way may be known upon the editor it is evident that the at- earth. tendance was excellent and the in- Thy saving health among all nations. terest strong. Large quantities of lit- Psalms 67 :1, 2.

erature were sold, especially the' text PROGRAM TWO book by Mrs. Montgomery, "The Bible and Missions." From TwiHght to Dawn of Day'

Northfield regist'ered 1190 for the Introduction. week of July 9 to 16. In response Let leader call attention to ten figures to the request of many workers who prepare programs for auxiliary meet- of speech on pages 54, 55, 56, such as, ings we print here an outline for each "walking beside a deep river after folchapter, that will be equally well lowing a rill," "as a tree is rooted in suited to small and to large societies. They have been developed from the the ground," etc., and show value and lectures given at Northfield by Mrs. beauty of such metaphors. This makes Farmer who took the place of the author of the book. a connection with the preceding chapter. (S minutes) Program outlines for Missionary Meetings: Hymn. "0 Word of GOD Incarnate."

The Lord's Prayer. (Note the missionary spirit.) Define New Testament, consulting Dough- ty's "Efficiency Points." '

Let all read "Aim" (page 52).

(10 minutes) Four Blackboard Outlines.

PROGRAM ONE (4() minutes) Gr.P:AMS 01' MISSIONARY TRUTH Each topic to be developed in ten min- utes and followed by a prayer.

Devotional Service (15 minutes) Eight women. Lacking a board use Hymn. "Faith. of. our Fathers," large sheet 0 f paper on wall.

Reading. Psalm 119, Verses 105, 129, 1. Study of the Father-God as taught by 130, 132, IJ4, 135. John 15, Verses Jesus. (Pp. 56 to 60.) 7 to 16. a. Transcendent and immanent.

Prayer for increased study of God's b. Righteous and loving. word among Christians and not-yet c. Just and forgiving. Christians. d. Fatherly to all. Hymn. "Lead On, 0 King Eternal." Z. Study of the Kingdom. Topics~ (Pp. 60 to 71.) 1. General Plan of the Book. a. An old idea, spiritualized-Good Author, Aim (page 5), Definition of News.

Bible etc. (5 minutes) .h. A silent force. not a revolution. , 2. God's Plan in Law and in History. c. A universal hope. not a Jewish (Pp. 17 to 26.) 8 points with religion.

illustrations. (15 minutes) d. A delayed triumph.

3. Poetical Revelation. (Pp. 26 10 32.) 3. Study of Jesus as a missionary.

Ruth, Job. Psalms. (10 minutes) (Pp. 71 to 83.) A Bible Reading with Comments. a. ,Activities.

4. Twelve Messengers with Scrolls. (Pp. h. Commands.

32 to SO) (15 minutes) 4. Study of the Apostles as missionaries. (Pp. 83 to 89.) A Thought and a Quotation from each of 12 women. a. Antioch and the First Commission See Sargent's picture referred to on Service. page 43. b. Missionary Tours.

S. Discussion-Which book of the Old c. Stewardship of money and life.

Testament has the clearest mis- d. Strategy and Spirit of Apostolic sionary message? Closing Devotions- program.

The Apocalypse as a Missionary Message.

Hymn. "0 Zion, Haste." (Pp. 89 to 93.) (5 minutes) 919

Closing Devotions: 154 to 159.) (20 minutes) Let all read We:ymouths translation of Given by several women. • the Great CommissIon on page 78. 3. The Bible in the War. (Pp. 160 to Benediction as in Program 1. 163.) (5 minutes) 4. What one girl started. (Page 164.) PROGRAM THREE An International Agent of Evangelism (5 minutes) Pocket Testament League. (The Bible Translated.) . 5. How can we prove our interest?

(10 minutes) 1. Blackboard Exercue Open Forum. Discussion based on p. 165. Write on blackboard :!uotation from PROGRAM FIVE Dr. Mott. List of The Basis of Christian Civilization Ust of Versions. Church Fathers Sentence on hoard. (Page 169.) Septuagint Clement . "Imperfectly obeyed and only par- Syriac Polycarp bally known as the Bible teachings Armenian Tatian have been, they have laid the founda- Coptic Justin Martyr tions of all that is glorious in modern Latin Irenaeus civilization."

Ethiopic Eusebius 1. TOPics Gothic Cyprian . (1) A Message for the Nations. (Pp.

Explain the above and 'quote a few 167, 169) (5 minutes) choice sentences. (Pp. 96 to 100.) Human society-one great family.

(5 minutes) Nations are responsible to God. 2. Family Worship among early Chris- tians. (Pp. 97, 98.) Quotations from the Bible and other literature. Devotional service. (IS minutes) (2) Influence on the Arts. (Pp. 170, Hymn. "I love to tell the story." Reading. Isaiah 55:1 to en'd. 175) (5 minutes) Prayers for missionaries now doing "The mediaeval civilization was Bibli- translating work. cal at its base."

Prayers for Chinese learning the new (3) Influence on Law. (Pp. 171, 172) phonetic alphabet. '– (5 minutes) 2. Devotional Service. (15 minutes) Prayers for children in mission Hymn-"Open my eyes." schools. Story of Dr. Hamlin. Pages 168. '169. Hymn. "Let there be light." Read Isaiah 13 :19-22.

3. Work of Three Pioneer Translators. Matt. 25 :31-46: Judgment on Nations.

(Pp. 102, 101, 104.) Prayers for Near East for con- Uffilas. Jerome. Wyclif. (5 minutes) verts from Mohammedanism. for 4. Monologue of Iwdson's servant. churches in, the United States.

Dramatize page 112., (5 minutes) Hymn-"Saviour, Thy dying love." 5. Picture Gal/cry of Famous Trans- lators. (Pages 113 to 118) 3. Roll Call. Testimony as to Bible's , (10 minutes) influence.

6. Story of Book fished out of the water. 10 quotations from pages 173. 174.

(Page 118.) (5 minutes) , (5 minutes) 7. In Korea. (Pp. 121 to 125.) . Representatives of 7 countries. 176- 194. (5 minutes) (10 minutes) One statement each for India, Africa, 8. Difficulties and Successes. (Pp. 106, New Zealand, Islands, Korea, Japan, China. 107, 108, 111) (10 minutes) 4. Progress of National Ideals.

PROGRAM FOUR The Travels of the Book (15 minutes) A clear, forceful summary' of pages Put quotation from Joseph H .. Choate 176,195 withOut repeating statements on the blackboard, or let leader read given., above. This should be a strong it impressively at the opening of the meeting. . argument, proving the, uplifting influence Devotional Exercise of the Bible on human life., 3. '

Roll Call. Quotations from this chap- PROGRAM SIX ter especially page 162, 163.

Hymn. "We've a Story to tell to the The Leaves or the Tree Nations." , Introduction. (10 minutes) Prayers for colporteurs and Bible Literary· Influence of the Bible. Quote societies offered briefly by many. Goethe, McAfee. Topics ' Perennial interest of the Bible. (Pp.

1. High Cost of Bibles. (Pages 141 199, 200, 204) to 145.) (10 minutes) Public Libraries Mary Jones and her work. Literature 2. Snappy Stories of Colporteurs. (Pp. Readers-in Orient and Occident.

THE WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

TOPics It caUs us to missionary work. 1. Literary Tools. (10 minutes) Proof of the Bible's missionary character is found in the poetical Mission Press. books.

Tract Societies. Speak of the gift of imagimdion. The value of poetry. Dr. Richard's Achievement. (Pp. lOS, 206, 208.) "David and the poets, out of the struggling earthly kingdoms, under 2. Literary Activities in China. . the tutelage of God's Spirit, were able from afar off to rejoice in (5 minutes) Messiah's reign and in the uni- versal worship of Jehovah." Periodicals. 1. Ruth and Job.

Newspapers. "While the lawgivers were becom- ing constantly narrower and more "Happy Childhood." bitterly nationalistic in their outlook, the men of imagination were writing (Pp. 209, 210, 220, 221.) the exquisite .$tory of Ruth, the Moabitess, a woman outside the 3. Dr. Pieter's Experiment. covenant, who chose God to be her GDd and His people her people, and Newspaper Evangelism in Japan. became an ancestress of· Israel's (Pp. 213, 214, 223) (5 minutes) Messiah King. Another great think- 4. The Singing Leaves. (Pp. 215 to 218) er was goipg to the Land of Uz to find an example of a true servant (10 minutes) of Jehovah in the person of Job." Solo: "In the Secret of His Pres- (Give a few quotations from the books.) ence." 2. The Universal Hymn book.- Statement as to author of words. Psalms. Read Psalm 98. Note missionary 5. A Modern Miracle. (10 minutes) thought. "No limitation short of hu- manity as a whole." Horton. China's Phonetic Alphabet. "Whoever were the human au- thors of .the Psalms, the real author (Pp. 224 to 228) was the Spirit of God. No human Dev&tional Service. poet or series of poets could have (10 minutes) produced a collection capable of ac- complishing such results as this has Thanksgiving for the Bible and its accomplished." influence. 3. Psalms.

Petition for its study and application. Quote following verses noting mis- Hymn. "0 .Word of GOD Incarnate." sionary application. 2 :8 ; . 22 :27,28 ; Benediction. . 67:1,2; 72:8 to 1l. 4. Psalms linked with Jesus, the THE BIBLE AND MISSIONS Messiah. A series of ten lessons based on Let one read the passages froln the Psalms and another the New Mrs. Montgomery's text book to be Testament passage printed opposite.

used by Westminster Guilds, Sun- Psalm 22: 1 Matthew 27 :46 Luke 23 :46 day School classes and other groups Psalm 31: 5 Matthew 21 :42 Psalm 118 :22, 23 Mark 14:29 has just been published and can Psalm 41: 9 be ordered from denominational boards or from the Board of Edu- catron, 276 Fifth Avenue, New York City. The author believes that these studies will be of service to pro- gram-makers this fall, and therefore we print here the list of topics, as well as one of the lessons.

Study 1. Proofs of Missionary Char- acter in Law and History.

Study 2. Proofs of Missionary Char- acter in. the Poetical Books.

Study 3. The Missionary Message of the Prophets.

Study 4. Fundamental Revelations of Jesus.

Study 5. Life and Commands of Jesus the Missionary.

Study 6. Missionary Strategy of the Act. and Epistles.

Study 7. The Bible Translated. Study 8. The Bible Transported. Study 9. The Bible Transmitted. Study 10. The Bible Tr.ansfigured.

Stody Two S. Psalms linked with Peter and Patti. The Bible is GOD'S Mission Study Text-book.

In the same responsive way as Orient. This Christmas is going to bt: above read the following- an unusually empty one~ for the exile leper people, some of whom are -little Psalm 16: 8 to 10 Acts 2 :25 to Z1 children with little children's wistful hearts. Those orave miSSionary Psalm 69: 9 Romans 15: 3 workers are going to wonder if the Psalm 68:18 Acts 2:33 home folks really care. They are ,go- ing to feel more than ever before, any Psalm 2: 7 Acts 13:33 lack of Christmas gifts and the con- Psalm 45: 6, 7 Hebrews 1: 8, 9 stant lack of supplies and means suf- Psalm 22:22 Hebrews 2:12 ficient for the growing demands' upon 6. Topics for Discussion the stations. After brief sentence prayers Why not overwhelm this band of couched in the language of the workers with a Christmas shower of Psalms, let the following questions blessings for their lepers, that will be discussed- thrill them with new joy and new strength for their tasks. The most (1 ) Was Ruth an exception to the needed articles at practically all the law of Deut. 23:3? How does this fact bring a strong missionary sug- Leper Stations are: Soap, blankets gestion to the book of Ruth? and sandals. (Bandages, medical sup- plies, food and clothing of course are . (2) Are many Psalms equally appropriate in a Jewish synagogue and always in demand.) The articles in a Christian church? themselves should not be· sent if it is possible to send the money instead. (3) Do Messianic passages in the American dollars will buy more and Psalms help to prove the unity of the with more understanding,· right on the Bible? ground, than here; transportation charges are a loss to the cause. Spe- (4 )What three poetical books pre- cial arrangements are being made to sent elemental and universal human secure quantities of soap. The price problems? of a box of soap is not a large item and even a child may send a cake of (5) Which Psalm helps you most soap if not a box. Sandals cost about in offering a missionary prayer? thirty to fifty cents a pair, and are needed to keep the poor mutilated CHRISTMAS FOR LEPERS feet from contact with the bare ground. Blankets bought in the na- "Dirt, disease and the devil," writes tive markets cost from two to four Dr. W. McKean, Superintendent of dollars. A bianket will warm the the Leper Hospital at Chiengmai, body as well as the heart of one leper Siam, "Are the three great enemies all winter. of mankind." And out of the fulness of his heart for his patients he adds: The society, American Mission to "No gift offered a leper is more highly Lepers (156 Fifth Avenue, New appreciated than a cake of soap." One York,) makes an appeal for these may smile at the idea of a cake of Christmas gifts so that every worker soap being prized as a Christmas gift, but as we recall it, part of the original among the lepers and every leper uncommand of the founder of the der Christian care of the Mission shall Christian Church was: to cleanse the know they were remembered in love Lepers. by friends in America at Christmas Many lonely but courageous men time. and women are working as missionaries in leper stations of the Mission to Lepers, almost one hundred centers in all, most~ of them in the

NEWS· FROM MANY LANDS·

:Jj, MOSLEM LANDS closely huddled together. Two were Reconstruction Delayed in Tnrkey Turks and one an Armenian. They AMERICAN missionaries have treated each other as brothers. I been able to resume their activi- noticed that one of them had on two ties in some of the stations in Asia jackets, while the One next to him Minor, but the religious and educa- had only a shirt,-though of course tional work have been almost entirely all their clothes were rags. I said to neglected because of the pressing need him: 'Why don't you give one of for physical relief. At the same time, your jackets to your friend, who· is as Rev. Charles T. Riggs writes, they cold ?' But the other chap spoke up are feeling increasingly the need for and said: 'No, lady, he musn't take it purely evangelistic work. The evan- off; I gave him my jacket last night gelical church life needs to be re- because he was shivering and had a established and strengthened, schools fever.' "

for the children must be reopened Here was a lesson in the gift of and Christian literature must be dis- charity.

tributed. While the missionaries are united in their desire for America to Armenia's Call for Help T accept the mandate for Armenia, as HE reports of the Near East Relief Committee furnish abunda means of solving many of the present difficulties, we must look to a ant evidence that America is not in- Higher Power for the solution of the different to the fate of Armenia. problems. Last year the people of America con- tributed over $15,000,000 for Ar- menian Relief. In addition to money Saving the Children A BENEVOLENT Jewish lady, there have been large contributions Mme. Nahar, is trying to rescue of clothing and of other necessary from the streets of Constantinople things. Better than either has been some of the little waifs that grow up the personal service given by. a large into beggary, with nobody to teach number of American men and women.

them a better way. She has picked During the month of March, 1920, them up out of gutters and 20,779 children were h04sed, clothed, back alleys, and sa~ed them from fed, giyen medical treatment and the professional mendicancy to taullht in 81 orphanages under the ad- which they were being trained ministration of the Near East Relief, by unscrupulous human sharks; and 43 hospitals and 58 clinics and and has placed quite a large num- ambulatories cared for a daily average ber in orphanages of the various of 6,589 cases and 3,037 clinical cases.

races to which they were found to be- The 60 soup kitchens scattered long: For the Jewish children, of throughout Armenia fed 55,039 little whom she has picked up more than children; and '561,970 homeless· ref- Rixty, she has herself established a ugees were saved from starvation. If home. In this matter she heartily America will not take a mandate for acknowledges the help of the Prefect Armenia politically, Americans can at of the city, Dr. Djemil Pasha, and least buttress that bruised and battered also of the Armenian Patriarch, of nation, and give the Armenians a Mlle. Zoeros Pasha, and of others. She chance for existence. Christians must says in The Boshphore: stir up the nation to do its full duty "One winter day I saw on the toward its sister ·republic in Asia Karakeuy Bridge three little children, Minor in this hour of peril.

923

~JlIU'7 .CoaIereDeeIo Doinat vising them to be prepared to move their personnel at short notice;, and THE United Missionary Confer- that every station should keep ·tJ1otor … ence of Syria and Palestine held transportation in readiness for this its- second meeting May 5 to 7 in purpose. Beirut, with Bishop MacInnes of Jerusalem presiding. The Conference Moslem (Jondemnation of Bolshevism has advisory pOwer only, but the harmonious interchange 1)f -views pro- THE Central Committee of Mos- motes efficiency and prevents over- lem Theological Academies has lapping of effort. The twelve societies a statement to make in reference to represented passed resolutions con- the report that Russian Bolshevik – cerning unoccupied fields urging the leaders are training propagandists to Christian and. Misiionary Alliance to incite uprisings among· Asiatic Mos- move into the district east of the lems, which is significant in its bear- Jordan, and. the. Danish Mission to ing upon condittons in India and the Orient to take up work among Persia. The Peking Daily News Moslem men ,and boys in Damascus. summarizes the statement as follows: The Conference also approved the "Whatever its principles may be, proposal of the British Syrian Mis- whether good or bad, the practical sion to open a training school for application of Bolshevism is harmful Bible women in Damascus, and a to humanity, to the social life of the Union missionary training school was individual, and to the rights of prop- preposed for some convenient center. erty, and is therefore at variance with the principles of Islam, which re- Languap ScIrooJ I~ Scut,ari quire happiness, tranquillity, and gen- eral progress, and therefqre forbid the A LANGUAGE School in connec- taking of the life and property of tion with the American Mission others and_ most emphatically insure in. Turkey has been opened as a school the .rights of individuals and com- .of missionary preparation. In addi- munities. Finally, it is in the interests tion to the courses in Turkish, Ar- of the Moslem religion and the sacred menian and Greek, 1t will furnish in- duty of the Califate which embodies struction in the history of the people its strength and influence, to oppose of the Near East, their religion, de- Bolshevism as a danger to civilization, velopment, customs and contributions justice and right." .to civilization,-topics most helpful to the new missionary. The school Mission to Kurds is located for the present in Scutari, and it is planned that the new mis- THE Inter-Synodical Evangelical sionaries under instruction shall live Lutheran Orient-Mission So- in the building as one family, absorb- ciety was organized in 1910 by L. O. ing the atmosphere of the Orient Fossum, a youn~ American pastor, to while acquiring a knowledge of the evangelize the Kurds; and in the fall languages. Rev. Fred F. Goodsell is of 1911 Mr. Fossum, accompanied by to have the directorship of the school. a physician, opened a station at Souj- bulak, western Persia. Since the Bolsbevi!llll In Asia Minor Kurds possessed absolutely no litera- ture, the initial efforts were bent to- MISS Cushman, the heroic nurse ward translating and writing neces- in charge of the orphanage at sary books. As a result. there are Konia. in Iconium, writes of the imminent danger of Bolshevism on top now the four Gospels in Kurdish; in of all the existing woes of Asia Minor. While she can endure livin~ with the addition, a catechism, hymnal and a Turks she cannot face Bolshevism. Kurdish Grammar. all highly appre- Near East Relief officials have sent ciated by the Kurds. a letter to all Directors .of work ad- For four years the miSSIOnaries built up the confidence of the Kurds,

NEWS FROM MANY. LANPS

until in, 19l6, the Russians took pos- Liquor' Traffic Discredited session of Soujbulak and ordered the missionaries home. The U. S. gov- ON JULY g there was a mass ernment has recently resumed the me~ting in the Bombay Towll granting of passports to the Orient, Hall which brought encouragem~nt' and it is the intention to send out mis- to the champions of prohibition in . sionaries in the fall of 1920 to make India. This was a protest against the a report upon this field. proposal to assign all income tax revenue to the Government of India, Industrial Work in Tabriz leaving to the Government of Bombay excise and land revenue only. A I N CONNECTION with relief memorial sent by this meeting to the " work, organized by the Presby- Secretary of State for India had in terian Mission in Tabriz. a cloth fac- it the following paragrapJ.: tory was opened to provide work for the women. This has now branched "Your memorialists invite your attenout into a garment and carpet factory tion to the important fact that there is with a shop adjoining from which the general agreement amongst all sections sales furnish a large proportion of of Indian opinion in favou.r of drastic the factory expenses. During the year measures to reduce consumption, which, about 42,000 workers have found em- supported as it is by the religious inployment, and as these include many junctions of the two great Indian com- , heads of families it is conservatively munities has received considerable stim- . estimated that 100.000 persons benefit ulusln the field of practical politics from the enterprise. Twenty-six car- from the adoption of the policy of total pet looms are in operation. Religious prohibition by the United States and services are held by the factory and the strong support given. to it in busi- . sales departments. ness circles on account of its proved efficiency in augmenting the productive INDIA power of the community. Your memo- rialists cannot accept, without protest, Christian Banks for Farmers an arrangement which makes the means of maintaining the administration of REV. W. E. Wilkie Brown, a the Presidency so greatly dependent on Scotch Presbyterian missionary the continuance and development of a at Jalna, Hyderabad, was the far- discredited policy." sighted founder of cooperative credit societies for Indian agriculturists. a European, Parsi, Hindu and Moscheme which the Y. M. C. A. has hammedan business magnates of been developing with much success Bombay were the leaders in this proin South India. The farmers about test. Talna were being fleeced by money lenders, so that it was impossible to Dnyanodaya. build up flourishing churches until economic help had been extended. Mr. Christian 'lbimkfnlness BrowR'S first step was to organize a Christian village on a government TWO hundred boys from the I;rant of a thousand acres of land. A bank was started with a capital of Naga Hill tribes of Assam wntt £32 from Mr. Brown's own pocket. to the trenches in France. Forty of By 1917 twenty-five Christian village them were Christians. The other 160 banks were being operated and now confessed Christ and were baptized seventy-five more banks. are in. opera- wl:i1e in the army. On their return, tion among the non-Christian com- everyone gave a month's wages to munities. Some of the results have mission work as a thank-offering for been to unite the Christians, build their preservation. solid character and make them realize tll.eir reSponsibility to the Church.. Presbyterian Witness.

Sadhu Jacob In Northeru India REV. G. S. Jacob, known in North India as Sadhu Jacob, has taken up work for the National Missionary Society in the Nukka. and Mimt~QlDery fields. Sadhl1 Jacob has had a university education and

up to twelve years ago held a respons- Telugu's Version of Lord's Prayer ible government position. Since then he bas, like Sadhu Sundar Singh, A TELUGU convert tried for two supported himself by any work that months in vain to learn the came his way and has devoted his Lord's Prayer, but one night his time to teaching and preaching the Gospel. He is a man of deep learn- teacher heard him make the following ing and is respected by all who know petition: of his humble' service. For the next "Oh Father, who art in Heaven, You few months he will visit the churches are our Father, we are Your children. of northern India in the interests of Keep us all well. Heal my rheumatism the National Missionary Society. . and my child's boil. Keep us from wild animals, the bear and the tiger. Christian Patriot. Forgive us our sins, our quarrels, angry words, all that we have done since morning. Make us good. Bring every- one to kneel down and call you Father."

Women's Missionary Meeting A Brabman Commends tbe Bible THE Women's General Mission- A MISSIONARY in India re- , ary meeting of the United Pres- ceived a petition from a district byterian Church in the Punjab met in Sialkot, March 23-25. Sixty dele- where there were no Christians and gates from the twenty-seven societies of the Punjab field attended, in addi- signed by leading men, not one of tion to the American missionaries. Bible readings, addresses, reports and whom was a Christian, asking that he business sessions occupied the time. The talks were spiritual but practical take charge of a school established the as well. Two of the Indian delegates who led a devotional service chose the year before in this district, and to insame topic-the parable of "The Vine and the Branches." troduce the Bible as a text book in Prayer of India's Women every class every day. He was so THIS is what an Indian author, much surprised at the request that he an Indian college graduate and an Indian child widow have to say as summoned a meeting of the petitionto the importance of Christian emancipation for the women of India. ers to tell them that if he assumed The only way India can become charge of the school it would be his great is through the emancipation of its womanhood. endeavor to present Christianity to (Saint Nihal Singh) every pupil, and then asked if it was If vou want Indian women to be still their wish to have him direct the what °you (women of the West) are, and what Christ intends us to be, give school. The head master, a Brahman, us the education that you have had: and in time with God's help <;Ind spoke first, and Said that while not a grace, we will not disappoint you. Christian he was anxious to have his (Lilavati Singh) pupils put under the teaching of the o God of mercy, our prayer to Bible. Then a judge. high caste and Thee is this that the curse may be removed fr~ the women of India. well educated, testified to the effect on Think upon Thy mercy-which is a vast sea-and remember us. daily living he had noticed in those (Prayer of an Indian Child-Widn'W) who studied the Bible daily. "If you Dnyanodaya. wish your sons to become noble, up- rig-ht men," said he, "have them taught the Bible, for nothing in the Vedas can compare with it." > Medical Work at Gateway to Tibet A PROPOSAL has been made by Sadhu Sundar Singh, who has worked and suffered in Tibet, that the National Missionary Society of EnRland should open a medical station at some place in the Himalayas on the' direct road to Tibet. This will not only open the way for carrying the Gospel intQ that closed .land, but wil.1 minister to several villages In that re~'

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

gion where Christian medical work is three years ago for the purpose of unknown. Should such a work be combating social vice. The ideals and undertaken, the Sadhu himself would objectives of the Society are so es- spend a few months there each year. sentiallyChristian that they deserve Salvation Army in Ceylon the interest and support of the Chris- tian Church. THE Salvation Army has ac- quired a large tract of land in /The third annual report states that Ceylon, and plans to produce food eleven leading Japanese in Singapore expressed hearty endorsement of on a large scale for the benefit ot the resolutions passed by the Society to abol'ish all brothels within the area of native population. General Bram- Government jurisdiction.- The acting well Booth has appealed for mission- Counsul-General for Japan at Singary farmers and has received offers apore. has undertaken to close all Japfrom over two hundred workers. anese brothels in the city during the The plan is an outgrowth of General current year. Booth's recent trip to the antipodes, where he was impressed by the vast In outlining the hopes of the Soquantities of fertile land available, ciety for the future the following proand the cheapness with which labor gram was suggested: can be obtained. "The promotion of marriage among MALAYSIA both Europeans and Asiatics (that is, The Melting Pot of Asia where moral necessity demands it), THE mingling of many races in and the encouragement of married America has given the conti- immigrants to the Colonies to bring their wives and families with them; nent the title "The Melting Pot of the promotion of physical exercise, Europe." Almost identical condi-' tions in Malaysia are making it a the provision of open spaces for the same; and the provision of suitable melting pot for Asiatic races. The and adequate means of transport." opportunity for independence an.d Malaysia Message. self-support exist there for the ASI- CIDNA atic, as it does in America for the Luropean. They are draw~ by the Conference Plans tor 1921 richness of the land and the Impwlied A NATIONAL Christian Conferliving conditions. ence has been called to meet in Java is the only island of the 11a- Shanghai in April or May, 1921, to study the progress of the Christian laysia group having a dense popula- Movement in China, and to plan for tion. Sumatra. Borneo, Celebes and advance among all the Christian forces in the country. and New Guinea could contain 600,- Under the leadership of the China 0gr0e0~t0e0r0 inhabitants and not have a density than now exists in Continuation COPlmittee a th6rot:gh survey of missionary work in Chtna Java. The overcrowded conditions in has been in progress during the _past India and China, and their desperate three years. This has been brougJ:Jt to completion. and a very thorouf]hpoverty are sufficient reason why going report is being published WhlCh will form the basis for the Confermillions of them may be expected to enter Malaysia during the next few decades. To the missionary, this fore- casts great seH-suPDortinl; and self- ence. It is probably true that this is the first time in the history of the propagating churches, and prese~t~ a problem for study! that the nsmg Christian Church that a national Christian Conference is held with a civilization shall bear the stamp of complete and accurate statement of Christian ideals.

Fighting Social Evilll)n Singapore the Christian occupation of the field in – THE . Singapore Social .Service the' hands -of those who aremeinben . Society was organized about of the Conference.

It is expected that the delegates to been self-supporting; except for the this Conference will number about salaries of the foreign staff.

one thousand, of whom the co-opted One hundred and fifty-two hos- members shall not exceed twenty per pitals scattered throughout China cent. The Chinese churches will represent the contribution of Chris- elect about four hundred delegates, tian missions to medical science in distributed in the ratio of one delegate China from 1860 to 1920.

to each thousand communicants. Th{ forejgn missions will elect about an Fish Dealer Becomes Pastor T equal number, distributed in the ratk HE following instance proves how far reaching may be the exof one delegate to every twenty forefgn missionaries. ample of Christian conduct. Four- ~ Sew1ng Machine Classes teen years ago a Chinese fish-seller in Hong Kong sold some fish to a woman THE Singer Sewing Machine missionary. On counting her change Company maintains schools in she found he had given her too much.

Chinese cities, where women may go and she handed him back several coins everv day for two months to learn the of very small value. The fish-seller. sewing trade. A Canadian Methodist who had never had money returned to missionary tells of one such school him before, was much impressed wit!- where evangelistic services are held the honesty of the foreigner, and once a week, the directress being a made inquiries about the religion Christian. Nearlv forty women of which she taught. He came under the middle class attend this sewing Christian instruction, accepted Christ school. as his Saviour, and was baptized. Jr All Opportunity at Hand the course of time he was ordained. Now he has thirteen churches in his THE Han Yeh Colliery Company charge. He travels round his gl'{~at at Nganyuen in South China district and holds a communion serv devotes a proportion of its profits to ice each Sunday in one of the the education of miners' children. churches, so that the Christians have Suitable buildings have been provideo the opportunity of attending a com- for boys' and girls' schools, and an munion service once in three months.

offer is now made to have all this Some of the chu.rches were formerly w~rk placed under the supervision 0" ancestral halls, where the spirits of the Church Missionary Society. the ancestors were worshipped; but the mining company to be responsible for halls have now been turned into place~ aU expenses not covered by tuition for Christian worship.

fees.-in short, the Chinese will sup- ply the funds if the C. M. S. will sup- New Ideals In Canton nhr the workers. THE Cantonese have a saying N_ Soocbow Hospital that "Everything new beg-ins in Canton." In support of that claim is THE cornerstone of the new and the fact that Canton has a daily oaper, .. modern Soochow Hospital was edited and controlled by Chinese laid Mav 29. with appropriate cere- VOltng women. There is also an Eng- 11l()IIy. The Board of Missions of the lish newspaper, edited by a Chinese Methodist Church. South, will supply $80,000 of the $200,000 required to Another innovation is the comcomplete the hospital; the China Med- pletely eQuitmed department store, ical Board will SUPply $50,CXXJ and one of which includes a nightly movthe remaining $70,000 will be raised in ing picture entertainment among- its China, most of this being already as- features, and two others, each ha,,-iol!' sllred. The hospital, which was estab- four or five hundred employees. in lisfted in 1882, has for twenty years which Christian services are held or Sunday mornitlgs. The missionaries

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

are invited to speak, and often have Many mission schools report a record an audience' of 350, although attend- attendance and hundreds vainly seek- ance is not compulsory. ing admission.

The Doshisha, the Congregatienal For Weary (Jbi»ese Pastors university, at Kyoto and the largest AN INSTITUTION which is Christian school in Japan, had 1,542 probably the first of its kind on applications for admission, but though the mission field was formally opened almost all were properly qualified, on West Lake, Hangchow, June 16. only 565 new students could be ad- This is a home where Chinese paston mitted. The total enrolment of this in need of rest may come and bring institution is 2,684.

their wives, staying as long as two The largest Methodist school is weeks whenever desired, and free of Kwansei Gakuin, at Kobe, with an encharge. The house has two living rolment of 1,675.

rooms, three large and two smaller Aoyama Gakuin is third, with a tobed rooms, bath rooms and kitchen, all tal of 1,173.

completely furnished and equippec' Saint Paul's, the Episcopal college, with electricity and boiler for hot has 1,104 in all departments.

water. A cook is employed to pre- Meiji Gakuin, the largest Presbypare the food, either Chinese or terian institution, has an enrolment foreign. This refuge for tired cit,· of 826. There are many other school~ pastors is the gift of Dr. and Mrs. D that are all crowded.

Duncan Main, who have been. for forty years in charge of the hospital of Newspaper Evangelism the Church Missionary Society in NEWSPAPER evangelistic work Hangchow. in Oita for 1919 shows 1213 new applicants for Christian literature.

Christian Tribesmen in Yunnan The Loan Library reported One thou- UNLIKE man y Occidentals, sand volumes taken out during the Christian aborigines register no year, This is the more encouraginr complaint against lengthy church because the members pay a fee for c services. In fact, the longer the serv- privilege of reading Chnstian books ices continue, the better pleased they and in addition pay the return postag( are. A Sunday morning service if on them. More than 2000 copies or Sapushan, Yunnan Province, has been the Bible and other Christian book: known to comprise eleven hymns were sold. Twenty-one inquirers eight prayers. three sermons and the were baptized .in 1919. This news- Sacrament of the Lord's Supper! paper campaign has been carried on Self-support is strong-Iyemphasized in Oita for over seven years, so that among these tribes. They build their it is no longer a novelty to the reader: own chapels and provide the resident of the papers.

evangelist with' a two room mud house, food and fuel. At Ta-ku, trees Changing SeRtlment Among Japanese once sacred to the worship of demons THE Japan Advertiser for April were .:ut down to f.urnish timber for 2, 1920, .gives the .substance aLa the Christian Chapel. lecture given in Tokyo by Prof. Y0- China',t Millions. shino of Tokyo Imperial University, in which he admits the mistake in the ,JAPAN Japanese government's policy, both E'Ohrlstlan Schools Crowde.J China and Korea.

T. IGLEHART, a Methodist In the same issue of the Advertiser missionary in Japan, says 'that the editor says there is evidence that never in the history- of that Empire Japanese admiration for militarism is have there been so many young peo· weakening-. This is noticeable first pIe receiving Christian instruction. of all Ilmong students, who are study

ing labor problems at first. hand, and verts now gather for worship in this forming their own opinions. Ninety village each week. per cent of the students if asked whether Japan should withdraw from The collection in the lepers' church Shantung, would, according to Prof. must always be taken up in a clothes Yoshino, answer "Yes." basket, as it consists of bags, each with the owners' name upon it· and Japanese Aborigines filled with rice that has been. saved from their regular allowance. HE Ainus of Hokushu are the T remnant of a primitive people Sunday School Plans in Korea who at one time occupied the whole of Japan, but were gradually driven out THE Korean Sunday School Asby the advancing Mongolians. They sociation has requested each of are ethnologically related to the Russian peasants, whom they resemble, the four principal missions at work and some are of the real Tolstoi type. in Korea to allow one of their best equipped missionaries to give special Dr. John Batchelor of the Church attention to preparation for "Sunday Missionary Society has been a mis- School Year," 1921-1922. When it i~ sionary among them for forty-two remembered that the whole church years, and has baptized in that time membership in Korea is ·in the Sunsome 2,000 Ainus. They have· the day-school the possibilities of this New Testament, prayer book, hymn Sunday-school year will be underbook, grammar and dictionary in their stood. A committee has been apown language, for which they are in- pointed to. prepare teacher training debted to Dr. Batchelor. and inspirational literature, of which copies will be circulated by the thou- Dynamics in Korea sand. Every part of Korea will be visited during the year of preparation, HE General Assembly of the and five post-conventions following .T Presbyterian Church of Korea at the Tokyo Convention have been anits last meeting organized a "Forward nounced, at Taiku, Seoul, Pyeng- Movement" with a three years' pro- Yang, Kwangju and Wonsan. gram and definite line of advance determined and 'percentages agreed ISLANDS OF .TIlE SEA upon. "White Cross Band" In the Philippines This program includes in the first LAST year there was organized year nine definite lines of advance. at Silliman Institute, P. I., a Among these are family prayers, in- Students' Society called "The White crease in church attendance, larger Cross Band." "Christ First" is the subscription lists for the church news- motto of this Band, and it is proving a paper, increased attendance at Bible factor in leading boys into definite institutes and gifts for foreiqn mis- Christian service. There were eightsions and pastors' salaries. The sec- een charter members, of whom ten did ond year program includes revival not return to the Institute the presmeetings and special Bible Confer- ent year. One has entered Massachuences, while in the third year the re- setts Institute of Technology, others sults are to be gathered and crystal- are studying at different schools, but ized in young peoples' organizations with all of them the "White Cross and Sunday-school work. Band" keeps in touch by correspond- ence. Lepers Support a Missionary A Literary Polynesian THE members of the leprosarium SOME of the native teachers in the. church at Taiku, Korea, have for New Hebrides develop literary· a year' supported an evangelist in a ability, as well as upright character: neighboring .non-Christian village, Soppi, an old man from Vila who with the result that some twenty con-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

spent some years on Malekula as a The Sudan Interior Mission is at native teacher has composed some work among them, and much effort very beautiful hymns. He was asked has been spent upon a translation of by a missionary at Vila to pray in the Scriptures in their dialect. While English and in his prayer he said: the work of publishing the four Gos- "Our Heavenly Father, put us upon pels is in progress the number of top of the Rock of Ages. We cannot climb up ourselves, and we cannot hold Tangales .asking for instruction con- stantly increases. fast; but You can put us and You can hold us fast to Jesus Christ. . . • Let us stand all the time beside You, Mustard As a M:!ssionary Helper because then Satan will see You and ONE of Chief Senga Koleanda's will run away from us." thirty wives owes her life to The Christian.

some mustard ointment and a mis- AFRICA sionary's common sense. ·Rev. Roger A Great Missionary Family Guptill of Kambove was gathering up .

MR. Crawford Tilsley of Eng- pupils for school in Chief Senga's land, who recently went out as hamlet when he came upon the chief, a missionary to India, is the fourth groaning and with his head twisted to generation of missionaries in Goda- one side. About him was a noisy vari, the first of this loyal line being crowd, elders of the village. The William Bowden, who led the way in missionary recognized the situation as 1836. Mr. Tilsley expects to succeed a case of stiff neck, and offered to his grandfather, Mr. E. S. Bowden apply some mustard ointment. The in the work at Chitepetta, and his' average African places no value upon brother, Dr. Edwin Tilsley hopes to medicine unless it be very bitter or enter into missionary work at Luanza. very hot, and soon Chief Senga be~an Central Africa. An' uncle, died in and to smile over the efficacy of the lIni- for China, and an aunt, Mrs. Green, ment. In three days the case was returned from Strait's Settlements to cured. A week later, a native teacher be with her hushand in the director- informed the missionary that the ship of the work of the late George crowd of counselors gathered about Muller of Bristol. Another aunt, the chief when the missionary ar- Mrs. Dan Crawford, is working with rived had pronounced one of the her husband in Central Africa. thirty wives guilty of bewitching her lord's neck, and Senga had decreed The Gospel in Tangale that she ,be shot that night. The ar- THE Tangale tribe of northern rival of Mr. Guptill with his curative Nigeria are a people outside of ointment saved the woman's life.

historical record, although they number about fifty thousaud. They oc- Why the Christian Endeavor Society cupy a district approximately a thou- Disbanded A ~and miles inland north-east from the CHRISTIAN Endeavor Society in South Africa had to go out port of Lagos. The march of human progress left them far behind, and of existence because everyone of its their bows and arrows have been more members became a foreign mission- in use than hoe or plow; cannibal ary. This was reported by one speak- feasts have taken the place of harvest er at the nineteenth annual convention festivals. of the C. E. Union of South Africa, Their religion is animistic; their held in Wellington, Cape Colony. In world is filled with innumerable addition to this Union. of English- deified beings, and their God is in the speaking Endeavorers there is a feminine gender. Their dead are ac- Union _of Dutch-speaking young .peo- credited with power to help or hin- pIe, strong and energetic, in the Boer der their welfare. churches.

Training Center at Capetown to boil the rice, and after the meal THE Chtirch of England in South was over paid two dollars for their Africa has arranged to establish god and went home content.

in Capetown a center where women Not long afterward a Christian can have opportunity for study, and for practical and spiritual preparation worker caIled at their home and was as missionaries. A suitable house has been found available from April, led to read to the wife the forty- 1921. Miss Miles, who has had practical training in England and is fa- fourth chapter of Isaiah describiag miliar with South Africa, will be the head of this Training Home. . the making of an idol: "He heweth down cedars. . with part he roasteth roast, with part he warmeth himself, and the residue thereof he maketh a god." The woman was so School 01 African Life aDd Lauguages astounded at the exact description .f SOUTH Africa is to hav.e a school what she had witnessed that she felt of African Life and Languages. this must indeed be a true book, and Provision will be made for training in time became a believer in the true those students who contemplate taking God.

up the white man's task in relation to EUROPE nati.Y£ problems, too often dealt with by amateurs, or those who do not un- M_iallor WftldeR8l_ PatriMs derstand the native temperament. A chair of philology and one of social NEAR the College and Normal anthropology are prooosed, the whole School in Torre Pellice, the scheme to include lectures on law and Waldensian center at Piedmont, Italy, government, native lore and history. a hostel is nearing completion for or- phaned sons of men who fought and The advantage which Cape Town died in the war. Preference will be offers for such a school as .compared given Waldensian young men who inwith other centers is in its museum tend to enter the pastorate, and eighty for Native Anthropology, the Public or. ninety students can find comfort- Library of Philology and the fact able accommodation. A resident pasthat a large number of administrators tor will act as warden of the hostel, and missionaries reside there, creating an atmosphere suitable for the dis- Education is prized in these Walcussion of these ·subjects. The only densian valleys, and the students, well surviving person speaking the bush- trained and industrIOus as they are, man's language resides in Capetown. are eagerly sought for .important posts. Christian Express. Methodist Conege in Rome The Idol Maker Discredited THE Methodist Church of Italy has bought forty-eight acres of I N MADAGASCAR no home is land at Rome on which they are build- complete without a household ing a college for Italian students. This institution is the olltgrowth of god. Some years ago a young marrieli a smaller one which has been housed couple were setting up their home and in very cramped quarters in the cenasked a maker of idols to supply ter of Rome. their god. When they called to receive it, it was not yet made, and the No religion will be forced upon the idol maker asked them to wait. Go- students, but for those who are willing to the forest he seiected a piece of ing to listen there will be ample opw{)()d and set to work, while the portunity for learrung the truths of young couple chatted and made suggestions. In the evening he asked his an the Gospel. Dr. B. M. Tipple is customers to remain and take supper with him. They watched him light a President of the College, and the fire with the chips left from the .idol teachers., except the professor of English and physical director will be

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Protestant Italians. One thous'and Revivals have takenplaa:in 'Rus- students can be admitted. sia at many centers to which these prisoners of war have returned, and Reform Movement in Sicily thousands are reported to have been converted. T HE priests in Sicily have formed a society called the Federation NORTH ..MERIe." for the Redemption of the Clergy, and issue a paper caned "Rinnovamento;" LutJreran'CIrurr;h Growth which has adopted as its motto a saying from Gregory the Great:, "See THE United Lutheran Church in bow fall the world is of priests, but America has a present member- 110W rare are the laborers in the Lord's ship of over tliree and a half million, Vineyard." The editor charges that and an increase last year of 2Il,OOO. ministers in general are not prepared Foreign mission work is carried on by for their mission, and that they have 494 missionaf'ies, with 2U48 native lost touch with society. He cites the helpers, and the native church memgrowing discredit of the clergy, gen- bership on foreign fields is 123,927. eral ignorance of religious truths, the ~early seven hundred thousand dolsteady decline' in attendance at the lars was contributed toward mission seminaries, and the alien,ation of the work in 1919. masses from the Church, for all of which he lays the blame upon the Bibles for Blind Soldiers clergy. THE American Bible Society will Czecho-Slovak Preachers Wanted close its war work by present- ing to every American soldier blinded R s. EV. J. Porter of the Amer- during his service- ;r' copy of John's ican Board writes from Prague gospel in raised letters. The Society under date of June. 14: distributed, nearlv 7;()(x),()(X) Testa- ments, Bibles or portions of the Bible "There is a call for fifty new Prot- during the war, About 5,000,000 estant preachers. We do not know went to American soldiers and the where such a number of men would remainder to other fighting forces. live and where halls would be forthcoming for them to do their work in. A Christian Dally for Chicago Vtle need new buildings for the grow· ing work. The Prague church has A GROUP of Christian business still a debt, but the income of the flats men are planning to publish a -covers largely the interest, etc. Mr. Christian Daily Newspaper in Chicago. Zdychynec, the associate pastor of the An exchange s!lYs of this projec~' Prague church, is to be ordained and is probably the first fully educated "More than ever before in our hispreacher from Bohemia since the days tory such Christian voices are needed. of Huss." Politically, this Christian nation is dominated by un-Christian parties and For Russian War Prisoners directed to un-Christian ends. So- cially, there is warfare acute between THE transport of Russian prison- capital and labor, with the Christian ers from Germany to their own re1i1;ion left out of the calculations land began in May. At the end of and the actions. It is high time for August there were still about 160.000 the law of the Ruler to be expressed Russians in Germany. The Religious in the daily contemplation of events. Tract Society of Kassel, Germany, re- The political parties have their newsports twenty-two prison camp church- papers. So have the trusts and the es, with a Protestant Christian mem- labor interests. These special organs bership aggregating over 1000. Since are 'newspapers' using all~ their influ- Janlla~r r,ore than 500 war prisoners ence to, pr.omote_ the .palticular ..cause have :.. ,. baptized. '0 which they are openly or secretly {. 2dicated. Christianity is entitled to

one daily paper at least. And it can work in Kieft and the labors of Mr. Goroditch have been wonderfully serve its cause with open truth and blessed. The cost of the work is about $5,000 a year. without fear." .

The Presbyterian Witness.

An Armenia-America Society Successful Vacation Bible School THIS society has been founded A VACATION Bible School in "To unite in cooperation the Pasadena, Cal., during July many friends of Armenia for the pur- reached an enrolment of nearly 1000. pose of ascertaining the needs of Twenty-five unpaid teachers did the Armenia, of bringing those needs be- work and four denominations, Bapfore the American people and of se- tist, Presbyterian, Methodist andcuring the satisfaction of those needs Congregational cooperated. Enthusthrough American assistance." iasm of the pupils was so keen that probably double the. number of teach- While the Near East Relief is ers will be required next year. The meeting the physical needs in Ar- work was a mixture of sloyd, manual menia, this new Society will concern training, domestic arts, story telling itself with' the political needs of the and Bible study. The children, ascountry, aiding them to secure a fair sembled from many grades of society, adjustment of their boundary ques- and, taught during the morning hours tion, and to reestablish themselves in only, memorized as much Scripture as their homeland. most Sunday-school pupils can repeat after a year's study. The Society proposes to educate the public on the opportunity before The Continent. America and to urge the Department of State in Washington to act along Home MissioQS Council to Carry Forward the lines named. Interchurch Surveys Anyone desirous to join this effort may become a voting member by con- 'THROUGH agreement with the tributing five dollars or over. Rev. , officials of the Interchurch Ernest W. Riggs, 287 Fourth Ave., New York, is Secretary-Treasurer. World Movement the Home Missions Council is undertaking special pieces The Hebrew Christian Alliance MIssion of work in the unfinished tasks in the Survey Department of the Movement. AT THE RECENT meeting of Under the direction of Dr. E. DeS. the Hebrew Christian Alliance Brunner the Rural Survey Departbetween fifty and sixty young Hebrew ment is putting its valuable material into shape for use by the Home Mis- Christians were present, who were all sion Boards. Associate Secretary Roundy is appraising the values of preparing for missionary work. They the Negro Suney. Further work on the Migrant Groups, Lumber Camps are ready to take up a special course and Foreign Language Groups and Literature is being done. Work in of study from the service as the way city groups has been kept in hand and reference will early be made to the is open. J oint Committee on Community and Industrial Relations of the Home Mis- The Alliance has now definitely de- sions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions. These cided to undertake work for the Jews two Councils have just published the report of Mr. Jay S. Stowell on "Mexin Russia and has not only sent $500 ican and Spanish Americans in the to aid the Hebrew Christians at Kieft United States." but these American Hebrew Chris- (Continued on page 936) tians are now supporting an American Hebrew Christian worker there, Mr.

Fagans. one of the missionaries of the "Hebrew Christian Testimony,"

founded by Rev. David Baron of Lon- don. .

The "Hebrew Christian Testimony to Israel" has recently taken up this I SUPPOSE- That just as you were about to settle dowu for an old age of comfort and wellcearned rest, one' of your friends should tell you of an opportunity to increase your savings' by an investment that couldn't go wrong. You took the tip, placed your money on thi~ venture which it didn't seem possible could fail-and lost it all!

It Has Happened to Others-Why Not to YOU?

SUPPOSE- That after your death your wife, perhaps inexperienced in the handling of money, should look around for a safe investment for your savings. Alonl!" came the convincing salesman with the abso- lutely safe proposition which would mean a steady income for her for the rest of her life. She trustfully invested her all-and lost every cent of it !

It Has Happened to Others-Why Not to You?

SUPPOSE- That after you had drawn up a will providing for your family and devoting part of your estate to further some great work of the church some dissatisfied heir or relative should contest it. The cafe went to the court, through long legal battles. Your estate was .tied up and finally almost consumed tlirough litigation. Your loved ones and your church were the victims!

It Has Happened to Other Wins-Why Not to Yours?

Why take such chanc~ when you can avoid any such possibility by investing in LIFE ANNUITY BONDS?

Our Life Annuity Bonds are your insurance for ttffgular income for the /!alance of your life.

By investing in them you not only secure an old age of comfort and peace for your- self-but for your loved ones as well.

A nd above all you have the genuine satisfaction of knowing that after you have gone the dollars you worked for will be devoted to the good of mankind through Ihe Church of Jesus Christ.

We want to tell you more about our plan. Won't you write for particulars to– GEORGE M. FOWLES, Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist EPiscopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York; or, W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer 01 the Board of Holne Missions and Church Exten- sion of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia.

Please mention THf: MISSIONARY Rsvn:w or -tHE WORLD in writing to advertisers NEWS. FROM. MANT·I.MftJ8 THE (Continued from page 934) Correspondence Courses Conservation and practical use of results obtained wilt be made through OF the Conference for allocation of un- occupied Indian Fields to be held at Union Bible Seminary Wallace Lodge, Yonkers,-New York, September 28 and 29, and through WESTFIELD. INDIANA similar conferences in October at Al- Have·been ·stud;td by .",.,..·t;200 ministers. 'buquerque, New Mexico, the 6th; EI miaaionaries. SUDday School w….lrera and interesttd believer.' ill" 'tile – Pi-emillennial Paso, Texas., the 7th; Tucson, Ari- Second Coming of Christ. zona the 8th, 9th and 10th as covering the needs of the Spanish American SERIES I groups in the Southwest. Joint ar- TWENTY LESSONS IN DIBLE PROPHECY <J:.~gto~I …y Bible Hi8torrand Proph..,y from rangements for work among Orien- tals on the Pacific Coast will be con- SERIES II sidered in group meetings at Los An- geles October 13, and San Francisco TWENTY LESSONS IN REVELATION October 14 and 15. Consideration of methods for work among Mormons An eueedingly plain and r….nable interprelatioD of Ihio diffi· will' occupy representatives of the oull h o o k . ' . Boards at Salt Lake City October 17 Oar MetlJod . -&nd One Dollar for «ther efoourro2e(.}M…Id.u•. and 18. ……… aboot·"iU he oenl Ie> ~_kIy No furtbor <orresponden.. """""""Y. anI_ you desire to ask "Morning' Star Misslon" questions. for which no charge ia made. THE "Morning Star Mission," Jo- .BMlminCltioru are optionalud chat&e 25c. liet, m., was opened November DipIo_ granted for aatiolactory resuJt.o. 18, 1919. by a group of Christian business men. and Peter McCarthy, s….p/e••-Tbe firBl "'eel and proopeetu. of either COUl'110 gambler, prize fighter and alcoholic _t flee on reqnesl. wr~ck whom the grace of God had StlidoAte can.begin alany time and can .tudy·oingly or in cl…… transformed, was placed at the head Paotors find il helpful·to keep young peepI& interested in Bible of it. This year the Mission will cele- Bludy. Addreal brate'its eleventh anniversary. It is located on a street known as "Whis- UNION BIBLE' SEMINARY key Row," in a ward. which contains people of twenty-seven nationalities. WESTFIELD. INDIANA anq the statistics for the past year show how effective has been its serv· Save ice. Conversions in 1919 were 447; Gospels and Testaments gil'en out, $32.00 672; loaves of bread, 1680; railroad fare for 28 wayward boys and girls; We want you to KNOW that we can save you free clothing to 293 persons and free from $25 to $32 by buying our meals to 1122. Bulletin Board Those heJped to a useful life include We also want you to KNOW that our board university men and ie-norant fellows is made of the very bEost material, is DURA- who never had a chance, men em- ployed in the steel mills and those in. BU. HANDSOME, ATTRACTIVE. CON- prison. Even ministers' sons are among the number who have come V E N I E N T. . under the influence of the Mission.

Make Us Prove It A Postal will save you many dollars. Yegroes Call for Black Nation R. W. HOLLINGSWORTH MFG. CO. A THIRTY-DAY convention to take up the problems of the OVERTON, NEB. Negro race was held in New York City last August, under the direction (Continued on page (37) Please mention TH:£ MISSIOHARY bvtltw Olf TH. WORl,D in writinl' to advertisers NEWS FIlGM MANY LANDS (Continued from page 936) of Marcus Garvey, President-General of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, and leader in the movement to free Africa for the Negroes. This Association is said t6 have a membership of more than 1,000,000.

President Gan ey urged an organization of the 4OO,OOO,(X)() Negroes of the World to take over the continent of Africa and establish there a Negro democracy.

An African prince, several chiefs and descendants of chiefs, as well af representatives from Central America, the West Indies, Canada and every section of the United States, attended the Convention.

Negro Miniirers Study Problems rt1WO Negro rural ministers' in- .1' stitutes were held during the summer, one at Forsyth, Georgia, and M~~:l:x.r;:m:i.~~J't.:::~.:t:: .:.: the other at Trenton, S. C., under the general direction of Dr. James H. ALL dane. 0/ people? We can tell you Dillard, of Charlottesville,. Va., and In lour word.: assisted by both white and colored men who are actively engaged in 8eeau_ of It• •er•• tintyl pioneer educational work. The Multiplex Hammond doeo Some of the topics studied were tvel'7thing .any oth.." ~J>ewrUer will do.•nd· be..d.., It you ',wat, turn the "How to Prepare a Sermon," "The _ill.. .11 0k1n. otybp"ey.o_u…f..r"o.nmeohn_ee·laffniigri,l,'-o.ne_e_b_Ie Minister and his .correspondence," other. Note the above opecimeo "Church .Records and Finance," "The (1lbthtly reduced) all 'M Church and the Neighborhood, and ….,hristianity and Health."

BAliB macA",.•• Christianity and Health." No Other TypeWl'lter Can Do Thl.

THE new American Leprosari'um ""at No matter ..A. for the exclusive use of lepers ay.oreu. are. you of the United States has at last been 01" "Mr. you located in Louisiana by the purchase ……. the Multlpl8ll of 400 acres by the Fedel;"al Govern- . Hammond·" the ment for this purpose: Lepers living in no less than twenty different states, f..o..r-ttYiDOaU.. ." "M"&. . .l1. . in lonely ~rid tmcomfortable surround- the C:OUIlOll for rr… folder. ings, can now be furnished with all that medical skill can do for them. > Also a PORTABLE Model The American Mission to Lepers Full capacity. Welglat ..bout 11 pnvnde. makes an appeal for the ministry of > Alk for lpecI&I folder. Mailed free. a ~hrist~ greeting for these thotlsand or more lepers. The most ap-' Inquire about .peel.' t.r…. preciated articles are soap, sandals to prof••lIlonal. and blankets, but clothing, food and medical supplies are always in de- … _…___ … __ .. ___~r. . FoId..________ ……. __ mand. Mr. W. M. Danner, American Secretary of the Mission to THE HAIIMOND TY,EWJITEJ.ro. Lepers, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, 571 E••t 19th St., New YOI'll CIt,.. (Ctmtimmi on page 939) – P1_ II8IId r_ Folder to: _ N~e, _____________________ _ Ad~. __________________ . OOCUpatloo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ PI"""" mention THE MI!lSlOlWtY Rmllw OF 'flUI Won.. in writing to advem.e..

DO YOU LEAVE

TO OTHERS?

Would you leave it to others to carryon your business affairs?

Would you leave it to others to carryon your domestic affairs?

Would you leave it to others to carryon your social affairs?

THEN WHY LEAVE IT TO _OTHERS TO CARRY ON YOUR LORD'S BUSINESS?

Suppose that the miasionaries all shrugged their shoulders and said. "Oh. I have other things things to do. some one else will go". What would happen to the miasionary program?

They are doing their part abroad. Why do you leave your end of the task at home to others?

I t is your duty to create the missionary interest here at home which will stimulate and support the workers on -the field. – Miasiona~ education-an informed intelligent understanding of the missionary plans. purposes and progress-is the secret of a real rniasionary church. By sowing a crop of MISSIONARY REVIEW subscriptions in yOUr church you can make yours-a real missionary ",ongregation–a. real support to the workers in the 6eId.

REMEMBER Your part of the talk is important! . Your part 'of the 'task must be done! Your part of the task can be done belt by you!

Missionary Review of the World "A MISSIONARY REVIEW_ 156 Fihh Ave.• New York.. representative in every Protestant- church" is our aim. That includes Gentlemen:- your church. As a worker for missions I am ready to do my Your church needs the REVIEW. part to make our church a missionary church. Please Do not leave it to others to supply teU me yourplaris for representing tLe REVIEW. it.

Name ..•……………..~…. .' .•….. : ……….• Send us the attached coupon and do your part today! Address…………………..•………..• City………..•……..State……. . Church ..•.•…………-:….~:.

Please mention THJt 'MISSI'ONARY' R~VIJtW OF THJ: WORLD in writing to advertisers NEWS FROM MANY LANDS (Continued from page 937) will gladly send circular with full particulars as to what would be most "i'm hungry for something fine just acceptable, and when and where to 10 read on the Sunday schpol lesson send gifts. .each week. I study hard. of c(J)Jrse, ReHgion at State Universities but I· want something that 'carries me along,' I want perspective and inspira- THE Lutheran says that of the tion. I want a summing uo of the big 8,800 students registered at the things in each lesson, cone by a maSter University of Pennsylvania only 3,878 were church members. This of spiritual discernment. and~well. institution has a larger percentage of non-church members than manv you understand-by someone whose others, but the fact remains thit English is as rich and meaningful in writing as Jowett's is in preaching."

there is a steadily decreasing rela- That's the way a business ptan tionship with the Church among Sunday school teacher fran'dy puts it.

young people seeking a higher educa- He has his answerI Britain's great- tion. A vigorous movement is on est devotional writer foot among leading denominations to Dr. Alexander Smellie provide more adequate religious in- struction at state universities. The in Methodists have paid $284,000 for ilJt junbav ~d.J1J1l1_ property on which to build college churches, and have just laid the brings to him every wee", and to foundation of what is to be a $1,- 000,000 institution at the University thousands of others Ii".e him, the Sunday school lesson's ri~hest spiritual of .Illinois. The Disciples are raising a fund of $800,000 for a similar truths in a settin!!' of faultless literary undertaking, and Presbyferian, Bap- finish-just to read.

tists and Congregationalists are mov- "Immense humanity, eluoive humor ing in the same direction. playing overe.verything. hold pictorial language, pithy upre,sion and virile World Outlook Plans energy combine to make up a style native and racy, but sweetened always THE World Outlook, the illus- and even sublimated by a wonderful trated missionary . magazine .pirituality."

which was inaugurated by the Meth- Christians everywhere who know his work odist Board of Foreign Missions in 1916, and was last year taken over are thanking God for Dr. Smellie. You will. by the Interchurch World Movement,. as soon as you have become acquainted with him. The simplest way ia to make uoe at once now makes the following' announce- of our "Get-Acquainted" offer by which ment. many thouoands have come to know The Sunday School Times, with ita dozen or more "The World Outlook well now be trained specialists writing ("r you on the study published by Mr. A. S. Watkins, pub- and teaching of the International Improved lisher of American Business. Mr. Uniform' Lessons.

Willard Price, who has edited the In return for the full name and magazine from the beginning, will continue as editor and the policy will re- address of one .of your fellow main unchanged under the new pub- workers who doe. not yet take ~ the paper. we will send you Jo •~ a little 8-palle biographical lisher. The World Outlook win stand .ketch of Dr. Smellie • ~".'4' 11' not only for the missionary propa- and hi. work. ganda of all denominations, but for ./~ THE SUNDAY every movement of religion, com- ; – SCHOOL TIMES .,. COMP.NY merce and .poIitics which -means sane t:'ffl eD._ P'" . ' / 1131 W…… !t. PIoiIaoI.r,hia Christian progress." ,)~ For tbe 25 eon'" )i'0> ~ ~.y Bellool TImeo LATIN AMERICA .: Bubonic Plague in Vera Crnll ,). ,.c.I' Name..__________________________• THE appearance of bub 0 n i c "Address.____________•__________ .:..______. plague in Vera Cruz, Mexico, (Continued on page 940) Please mention THE MISSIONARY R!VIltW 0" ~H.· WORI.D in writing to advertisers With. the Smaller Ear Piece NEWS FROM MANY LANDS Will Make You Hear Continued from page 939) There is'no lon~ any Deed .for you, to he8l" im… could not properly be called an epiperfectly, for.training to bear or being con9picu- demic, but was regarded as sufficiently serious to require rigid preventive ~~:e=g~~..rIY°.;;'t'i, ~~Of~~ ~~c~~~ measures. The Institute Moreios, a ~~~:~~~na j~~tO: s~r:=~' it is Girls' School under the Presbyterian Board, was closed by the authorities Thousands of ~n1ihusiastic Acousticon users have for three weeks, after which pupils who had been inoculated for the dis- .-..-'to tile wenderfllt >'eSUlts o b _ from ease were allowed to return.

it, and we feol sale in urging every person who is The. enforcement of. sanitary meahard of hearin!r to accept, without a penny of sures immediately doubled the cost of expense. and entirely at our risk. the food, since market men were not al- lowed to enter the city. Eggs went to 1920 Acousticon . 25c apiece, and fresh vegetables were not to be had. For 10 Daya' FREE TRIAL Y. W. O. A. in Brazil lIO"OEPOSIT":'NO EXPENE THE second South American !!!m"1.:t-.: i/d!. want expens~e toiy:ou~~ot~he.":tria~l, branch of the Y. W. C. A. it back. ~o::fi::,e_ i~f opened in Rio de Janeiro in July, with without a cent of a charter membership of eight hun- !:ti%i:~.l::~h!~i:tr:::=:, ~~~8t~h!-;~QOki:db:! dred. For .three weeks preceding, a now have. Write for Your FREE TRIAL today. campaign for five hundred members had been carried on in the city, under Dictograph Product" 6.rperation the direction of a committee of ten 144J~"""".ut"""r. ,', -, N. . .· V. . . . women, most of whom were from tbe United States. The only other branch· Association is at Buenos Aires.

Temperance in Urngnay Montgomery., W~d A LAW just passed in Uruguay & Company .contains a section whick re- quires that in all public schools there Manu'achD'ers and EKporters shall be lectures upon the harmful- neSS of alcoholic drink," so as to bring of Genetal Merchandi.. about a diffusion of knowledge on this subject and create an aversion Have ellferrd W the requirrlRenr. .of for alcohol." MlMi~rie!l.In:,aU parts. of the world; for ovu 2S yean. This law does not make Uruguay "dry," but it does away with drinking in public saloons, near markets or on wharves and ,docks; The sale of liquor is permitted where' food is served. Sale of liquor is forbidden w write for. eopy of our arll! Cataloc ' to women and children; also to sol- ,.. ce-J..u.-mej:diM,4UId.,_ .,aciM",r, diers and non-cotnllUssimled officers, Missionary Circular and' policemen. .

.f .. 'OBITUARY NOTES We guarantee isaledelivery Dr. H. C. Herrblg anywhere Dr; Hubert C. Herring, Secretary MON'FGOME-R-¥-WAID ~-C6MPANY of .the National Council of Congrega- ' tional churches since 1913, was. drowned on August 6, whileswim~', ming off the coast of Martha's Vine~ yard, Mass. Dr. Herring had had (Continued on page f)4I) Please mention: Tn IIIftSStOlOIT'1lI!VYlW tw 'tHIC WonD in writing to advertisers NEWS FROM MANY LANDS LA TEST ::~ TItLES (Continued from page 940) n-l~ REAL CHRIST 'd: i R. ,4. TOrrey, D.D.

the chief responsibility for the suc- "'~thor of U Fundamental Doctrines oj the Chri.do,. ,cess of the Tercentenary Celebration, FoiIA.." and in addition had been carrying heavy responsibilities_ in connection With rare spiritual discernment and with a deep Intui- with several interdenominational tive appreciation of the character of the Master, Dr. movements. Torrey has drawn a. series of masterly and unforget- table portraits of the man Christ Je…… After attending McCormick and Princeton Seminaries he was ordained EVERYBODY'S WORLD 12m_ o. _ Ne_ t. .1B.d7tIY5 to the Presbyterian ministry in 1887. Later he was pastor of the First Con- With panoramic sweep and the. Insight of a world gregational Church of Omaha, N e- missionary the author lays on our heartll the burden of braska and in 1907 became General Secretary of ,the Congregational the crying need of the natioDs. ,4mericats duty in the Home Missionary Society. He was a present crisis is defined with convincing clearness. power in the Congregational Church and his loss will be widely and keenly . Net. '1.00 felt. FOUR HITHERTO UNPUBLISHED GOSPELS or Rev. L. D. Heminger Africa Rev. Wm. E. ,BarlOn, D.D Efulen Station in the Kamerun has Author oj HThe Soul of A.brahom Lin.eola" suffered severely in the loss of Rev. L. D. Heminger, who met a tragic While Imaginer.r. theBe new stories of the Christ are death last April. Mr. Heminger had based on the New Testament record and have great set a trap for a leopard which had valUe and interest tor tile student ot the G<lspel•. annoyed the missionaries by stealing . 12mo. Net. '1.50 food, and one evening when examining the gun both barrels went off and STORY WORSHIP PROGRAMS FOR THE shattered his left arm. With great difficulty he made his way to the dis- CHURCH SCHOOL YEAR pensary, where black medical assistants did the best they could, but it Rev. Jay S. S ……ell, M • .4. was almost forty-eight hours before skilled medical attention could be had. A series of ideal devotional programs for boys and Help was too late, and Mr. Heminger girls covering every Sunday In the Church SchOOl year.. passed away April 30. Mrs. Hem- COntain. tile material alld .u~"'hieh JaBi<>r alld inger and her two young sons will Intermediate workers have long wanted. remain on the field until their furlough is due in January. 12mo. Net. .1.50 Dr. Jesse Brooks or Cbicago THE LIFE AND LETTERS OF ST. PAUL Rev. Jesse W. Brooks, D. D., Sec- Rev. Do"id Sm,itla, D.D. retary of the Chicago Tract Society, Author of '''The DaYIJ of Hu FlelJla" died in the Presbyterian Hospital of that city on July 22. Dr. Brooks was This monumental life Qf the great Apostle presents the born in Connecticut in 1858, grad- results of arehaeological find-tn-g'fl aDd scholarly. inftsUuated from Union Theological Semi- gatinns of the past two deca.des. Octavo witll series of nary in 1884, and from that year un- Net. '6.00 til 1898 he heldvastorates in Congre- beautiful new maps in COIOT. gational and Reformed Cburcb~, after which he identified himself with THE MENACE OF IMMORALITY IN CHURCH the work of the Chicago Tra<:t So- AND STATE ciety. Ref) • .Iolu& R. StTlIt8~.lJ..D. r …lGr. Cor…ry Baptiot Chwrd<,. New Y-*.

Is America being destroyed like Ancient Greece 8.11.d Rome by Immorality? is the -startling questren raised IDustrated. Net. '1.75 by Dr. Straton.

THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH Basil Mat""…

'Whh a Foreword by Vucount Bryce, Author 0/ "Lh.1ingston the Pathfinder"

The adventures of the "Mayflower" Pilgrims told for young people. A most complete and fascinating Btory. Net. '1.50 With colored illustrations and maps.

THE FOUNDING OF ANATfON Frank M .. (kent Pictures with fascinating skill one ot the most slgnUl- cant and epochal emigrations III the hlotory ot maD·. Net. '2.25 search for Individual liberty.

TALKS TO SUNDAY SCHOOL TEACHERS Lut""..,4. Wei…. Th.. accomplished author of ·"The Pupil and tile Teaeh- er" ca1'l'ies on in this new volume a emrttnuatlon of his 8klllfuJtreatment of teaching problems. Net. '1.25 THE LORD OF LIFE AND DEATH Rev. J. D. Jo-.

AuthDr 0/ Ulj B Man Die"

Tbe Exposi tory Times says of this El<»08ltk>n err tlte Mira£le of the "l'alaing of I…at:APus, "HePe ill a ",*-me of pure exposition the like of which we have been told we should never agaln.._·· N_ FJdttloD. Net..l.60 BIBLE "TYPES OF MODERN MEN ,4..thor ../ UT""Rm""• .– …. Mackintosh'M.."lraYI B . D.

and R..,…..,. of Sin'

In tIlese Inspiring lectures to young men I;loetor Mackay draws a series of character pOrtraits of tileD of today whose qualities parallel those of the great men of tlte New EdItion. lfee;, '1.75 Blbl..

BIB1..E TYPES OF MODERN WOMEN .4udaor oJ IR"". rWY.JNM_ac"kMino."d,e,"r.MMace!nr"ay. 8. ·D• "'~ sum A serl.. of lectures to young women on Bible women ad tIlel.. modem exemplars. New EcllUen. Net.

GEORGE H. DORAN COMPANY 244 Madt80n Awnue, New Yon: ………… JaAlaMdoa. . HeoIdp• •_ . . NEW ,BOOKS ON MISSIONS Could You Read Shepard of Aintab. By Alice Shepard With Your Hands? Riggs. 12mo. 200 pp. $0.75. Inter- church Press, New York. 19.20.

Thousands 01 blind must! The Dawn of a New Era in Syria. By Margaret McGilvary. Bvo. 302 pp.

$2.50. Fleming H. RevelJ, N ew York and Chicago. 1920.

$10 will pay for a Tes- A Moslem Seeker After God. By Sam- tament and $2 for a uel M. Zwemer. Bvo. 302 pp. $2.25. Gospel'in blind type. Fleming H. Revell, New York and Souvenir verse free. Chicago. 1920. Help us also give the Bible ·to immigrants, Persian Pictures. Poems. By Mary F. seamen and the poor. Labaree. 12mo. 64 pp. $1.00. Flem- ing H Revell, New York and Chi- Write us about Annuity cago. 1920. Bonds Jewels from the Orient. By Lucy Sea- man Bainbridge. 12mo. 125 pp. $1.00. Fleming' H. Revell, New York and Chicago. 1920.

Every kind of Bible for sale: Scofield, China, the Mysterious and Marvellous. Oxford, Bagster, Cambridge, Holman, By Victor Murdock Bvo. 310 pp. Nelson, at Special Discount•• $2.50. Fleming H. Revell, New York and Chicago. 1920. Universal Bible Sunday, Dec. 5th. Fez and Turban Tales. By Isabel No "han,e in date. Free literature Blake. 12mo. 115 pp. Interchurch Press, New York 1920. NEW YORK BIBLE SOCIETY China and the Gospel Report of the 675 Madison Ave. (lIlth year) New York China Inland Mission.' 56 pp. China Inland Mission, Philadelphia and Lon- don. 1920.

Progress in the Mikado's Empire. By Robert Cornell Armstrong. Metho- dist Church of Canada, Toronto. 1920.

GET THIS ILLUSTRATED Through Santo Domingo and Haiti. By BOOKLET TODAY-ONLY 150 Samuel Guy Inman. 12mo. 96 pp. Committee on Cooperation in Latin Ridding the America, 25 Madison Avenue, New World of Leprosy York.

Missionary Morale. By George A. Miller. 16mo. 156 pp. $1.00. Metho- dist Book Concern, New York and Cincinnati. 1920.

By W. M. DANNER Missionary Survey As an Aid to Co- operation in Foreign Missions. By Every Christian should read this succinct Roland Allen and Thomas Cochrane. account of the great problem which concerns 12mo. 183 pp. $2.40. Longmans, . Greene & Co., New York. 1920. '

the Protestant Clturch especially today. It The Spending of a Thank Offering. Regives in a nutshell, facts that' many' would like to k.1ow: How the Mission to Lepers port. Bvo. 196 pp. The Macmillan Works-Restoring to Helpfulness-Saving Company, New York. 1920. the' Untainted Children-Curing the Jncur- Thirsting After God. By Dan Craw- ford. 12mo. 189 pp. 3s. Pickering & Inglis, London. 1920.

able—-How it can be Done. The Founding of a Nation. By Frank M. Gregg. Bvo. 479 pp. $2.25. George 48 JNl&es, paper covers:-containing H. Doran Company, N ew York. colored map showing distribution of' 1920. Leprosy in the World. The Real Christ. By R. A. Torrey. per Sent poatpaid-15c copy $1.75. George H. Doran Company, New York. 1920. . The Ameriean Mission to 'lepers . The Church and Industrial Reconstruc- 156·Fifth Ave. New York tion. By the Committee on'the War and the Religious Outlook.. 8vo. 296 ,..', .. ~ ~ ,. . , . SltND 2c.. STAMP FOR THE S'I'ORY pp. $2.00 Asso:iation Press, New York. 1920. '., , OF ~ BOY, A JUG AND A LEPER. ,Neighboring<New Americans. By Mary Clark Barnes. 16mo. 68 pp. $0.75.

.,Fleming H. Revell; New York and ·Chicago. 1920.

. ,P,llf;~se m~tiqn. r~lt _~SSIO:'~ltY lllCY'I~'" ,.~•. 1HJt WP@l.t;» in writing _tc.:). adver.tjsers

94.3

MI~IONARYPERSONALS ,R1<:v. S. HAI,I, YOUNG, D., D., veteran FALL Presbyterian missionary to Alaska now in OFFERINGS the Home Board office, is spending four months in Alaska studying unoccupied fields. He represents the Home Missions DREAMS AND VOICES Council' and two Boards of the Presby- terian Church. … … … by Grace Hyde Trine, DR. J. B. GAMBREI,l" President of the An anthology of mother, father and Southern Baptist Convention ahd DR. E. Y. child verse mostly by modern Ameri- MUl,UNS, President of the Southern Bap- can and British poets. There are tist Theological Seminary in Louisville eighty (:oems, some grave, some gay, are making a world tour of inquiry into but each one a treasure in itself. the Southern Baptist mission fields. Mrs. Trine contends th"t the father DR. AND MRS. 'J"OH*N *M. SPRINC"R, pio- has been neglected in anthologies of mother and child verse, and, she has neerS in Methodist mission work in the made up for this negle<-t. Everyone Congo, have returned to Elizabethville, who loves beautiful poetry ..ill want Belgian Congo, after having taken part in this exquisite book. But someho..

the African division of the Centenary one thinks of it especially as a liift Campaign. Dr. Springer first went to book for mothers. Price $2.00 boxed.

Africa in 1901. A CANTICLE OF THE YEAR *** by Elvira J. Slack MAJOR JOlIN T. AXTON, who entered the No girlhood is quite complete without United States Army as chaplain in 1902, a birthday book. It is one of the few possessions "hich is cherished' long has now been made chief of chaplains, with after other treasures have been "hand. ed 'down." And this ie a lovely one, the rank of colonel. His duties will in- a small, plump little volume hound in green and decorated in silver. There clude investigation of the qualifications of is a beautiful bit of prOse or a poem for each day and space to record the candidates for appointment as chaplains, birthdays. , A gift to, give to girls and for girls to give each other. Price and general coordination and supervision $1.25 '" of all religious activities in the army…….

MISS MARGARET SVTTERY is making a seven months' tour around the world. She will speak at the World's Sunday School Convention in Tokyo and will probably be a speaker at many of the post-conventions THE YOUNG WOMAN CITIZEN in China and Japan. From the various by Mary AU$tin countries which she visits Miss Slattery Thinking men as well as women will will write a series of letters to young peo- welcome a book which sets forth trust- .. '" .. wort.h!) guideposts for a working philple. osopby of citizenship. It is a brilliant- ly written discussion for all world cit- PROF. C. H. ROBBRTSON has returned to izens of the responsibilities that are assumed with the right to vote, to- Shanghai to continue his work as head gether with comprehensive survey of the development of th~ citizen frorn of the lecture division of the Y. M. C. the age of the sav1ge tribe to the pres- ent era of tumbling autocracies. A. in China. … * .. MR. J. C. RocBRs, of the London City Paper $1.00, Cloth $1. 75.

Mission, has retired from active service ICE BREAKERS with the Mission after nearly fifty years of connection with the work.

* .. * REV. HENRY LooM~S, for thirty years a representative of the American' Bible So- ciety in Japan, died in Tokyo, August by Edna Geister 23d. Dr. Loomis was born in Burlington; The seventh printing pf1'Ice Breakers" N. Y, in 1839. …….. the now famons little volume of games REV. SAMUEl, H. GREENE, D. D., pastor and stunts by "an author whose .. ork is play", is just off the press. No of Calvary Baptist Church in Washington, library is quite complete without this fun-making, play-planning little book D. C.' for forty-one years, died Septem- which holds the key to the suCcess of .. .. .. . every conceivable kind of party! A b~r 7, splendid volume for grown-ups, 'child- ren or the in-between age. Price $1.35 MRS. LOUIS" S"YMOUR HOUGHTON, a director in the American McAIl Mission and charter member of the first religious …… settlement in America, died in August in BOOKSHOPS EVERYWHERE or her ei.ghty,~th'i- l'd year. _THE WOMAN'S .. PRESS Car,,)! AI,AK", of Abeokuta, West . '600-Lexinl1t:on Ave., ,. New Y~rk City Africa, died last August. Although not a baptize<ij, Christian, Cbie£. Alake') .gave.

".ptheraorutyghosuutpph;o.rtt;::tro~;~~mcii~sTs!ioiEn.aMrJySSJa~c"t,i~vyi"tyR!VIE,W OF;~Y;~~i~W~,,!;"1,~D~~~~;=;'~~~~7==::;::==r=:;::;~ Books of The MGt'k 01 CI 6eaic'I~… Helpfulit~ . ·uwittcn:fo meef'G.,…) __ and NEW TOOLS for Leoders and Individuals America's Stake in the Far East The Gospel of Out of 000….

CHARLES HARVEY FAHS FRANCIS E. CLARK ..4 ~·ProbIe". .Di.eq.8ion." &ri_ boole. MMro.vCemlaerkn,t,fo_u-nodefr of the Christian Endeavor Questions on the Issues Involved In Christian _.joys of "th',,'eed <>at&- ~ America'. relations to the Far East, with val- ~':d'~:=:-:e::~ ~~i~ft~~~=·ft ~ uable reference 'tUotatlons setting forth the Craft bue"'."" $1.;5. priDelpaJ SnggestiODS for solution of the QUe9IIIOOB ~. Paper 9Sc. doth, 1.35. Gotama Buddha Christian Adventure A. HERBERT GRAY KENNETH J. SAUNDERS Shows that Christianity "Embodies the one A stndy of the lite and .peDIODality .of this graal; __. summons to men and women that is adequate Eastern seeker ..fter GOO, which grows out of- t& their humanity. and otl'ersthe ..00 hope of sound achol&rBbip and has much liren.ry_,.. solving th.. problems of e1v1J1zation. aa weUaaaplrJtnaliludght. ~ bo……I.35.:…

Paper board., 1.25. How Jesus Met Life Questions Christian Task HARRISON S. ELLIOTT J. HAROLD DU BOIS A. uProblem. Di.scuuion" Seriea boo&;:. A ~4IVetfI Generation" Series book.

Presents the snpreme need of the age as a big Can be nsed for a systematic study of the constructive, cooperative Christian task. It is lite of Jesus or topicall y for tthheehedlipscoUfMthioenuo.rf ….-• a mingling of the practical &ad the idealistic, present-day qnestions. with in the spirit of the reconstruction period. of Jesua in their solution. Mollatt's tranola- – tiOD of the New Testament is used for the Paper boards, 1.15. Scripture p"""ages. Cloth, .SO.

Church and Industrial Reconstruction In the Prison Camps of Germany— Prepared under the direction 0/ uTh. Com- CONRAD HOFFMAN mitt-ee on. &Ja.e .,.or and dWJ Reli6ioru 0",- look" A !!rlpplng narrative of "Y" service among .

i!gJ!rg~~!n;l:;:~~:;; !~~~ti~~to t':!re1: E~=e:; ~l..w~~~=:.nl~~~~ indllStry; Not a tr~ati.e on pOlitical economy or social re f o mrmtw• eTCakhersisittis" point of de parture 1919. Cloth,lIIuatrated,4,OO. . deftnitely f r o " relildon a nd undertakes to discover what would be demanded Jesus and his Cause by its thoroughgoing application to the industrial problems of today. Cloth, 2.00. A. BRUCE CURRY, Jr.. d "Preblem macuNion." Seriu boolr:..

Communily P'8gram. (…. C..peratiA, Chur<bes The Gospel by Mark from the prohlem view- point. Outstanding. problems are studied ROY B. GUILD. Edit…. through questioIl8 which bring out the Scrip- ture principles and apply them to oreseot-4ay_ The reports of nine Commissions which met in issues. Cloth, .75. Cleveland. Oliio, June 1-3, 1920, ro deliberate upon a working program of co-operative effort among the churches. Cloth, I.SO. Jesus the Master Teach… Every Morning HERMAN HARRELL HORNE ROBERT CLUETT A new and stimulating way to study the ·lile of ~,:~:;1~De::!':,;r!~~J,'i.f":J"::' ~:':…~: Jesus. Arranged in outline question ·ferm to ~~.::;t~ .t"~~w=:'''yl.:'~~·l.st~· aid lead into di8culoIion. on how tQ..c.JoaDoIle &he.__ teaching aspects of Jesus' work. Cloth, 2.00.

Going Afoot Somethi… More BAYARD H. CHRISTY KIRBY PAGE A "'JVfnG Generation" SeM. book. Many will gain from this Ii ttle book a. new There are vast retIOW'CeII that are ~_ =~ ~;~:'Jeor.::~ t~ad;":~t more" in iGchodillI8inb· JDBIJ, hi ~ "BOIIRItblug Jnure. wh ook, wr " Aeeounto 01 iamoWl wari,iftil clubB In Amerlea. Christ. and i_ by_ a member of the new generation, 8UIIllD8M _~, and dI.rections for the organr",tlDn and conduet of such a crub, Cloth,] .35. _ toapproprlatetorourselves. Paper.boanla,I.2S. ., u. At y,mr Book.tore or /rom ASSOCIATION PRESS~ 347 Madison A-.,. NEW YORK Publication Depart.mUlt, International Committee, Y. M. C. A…

Please mention TH. IIISlIOXAaY lttttlw o. THI WoaLD in writing to advertisers

Moses Spent Much of His

training the children of Israel in the. rules of health. Witness the longevity of the Hebrew race in spite of untoward circumstances.

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An Inexpensive Service The Sanitaty Communion Outfit Company provides a tasteful and inexpensive service; the noiseless, highly polished wooden trays for the cups being in keeping with church furniture. The Outfit adds to the beauty, solemnity and repose of the Communion Service.

A Conservator of Health Make your communion service not alone an uplifting of the spirit of your community but a real conservator of the health of your people.

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of communlon for this very reason. If you have not yet adopt~d the modern,. sani~ communion cup' let this be one of your 1lr8t forward fltePB in 1920.

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COP"rlUGHT. UNDERWOOD &: lJ''''''OOD KUFA OR GRASS BOAT ON· mE TIGRIS RIVER New Lectures Added to Our Rental Service pOLAND AND CZECHD-SLOVAKIA.< It is a lecture of the hour, 64 slides; 22 plain, 3 sepia, 39 colored. One renUit $5.00.

JUGO-SLAVIA, UKRAINE AND LITHUANIA. The three Slav nations struge:ling desperately to restore order and""chieve independence. 48 slides; 12 plain, 6 sepia, 30 colored. One rental $t.II; THE LIFE OF CHRIST IN ART. 'IMS lecture covers the entire life from Murillo's "Immaculate Conception" ~o the "Transfiguration" by Raphael. 66 colored slides. One rental $6.00.

THE PASSION PLAY. This lecture is thoroughly revised and contains many ~, new slides. 50 slides; 8 plain, 10 sepia, 32 colored. One rental$3.00.

THE' BIRTH OF OUR NATION. This is virtually a new lecture. 58 slides; 21 plain, 9 ~epi9. 28. colored. One rental $4.00.

SOUTH AMERICA-THE WEST COAST. 100 slides; 32 plain, 15 sepia, 3 colored. One rental $6.00.

AMERICANIZATION COURSE. Six lantern slide lecture sets with :MOO., vis- u~lizin& United States History, covering six important periods in the Evolution Of Freedom, now ready. Each set comprises 51 to 57 slides, rental charge per set with manuscript $6.00. Selling price complete with manuscript, per set $60.00.

LECTURE SETS FOR SALE. We must make room for the constantly growing number of new sets and are therefore offering a number of fcomplete lecture sets at a discount ranging from 25 to 75 per cent.-at a price less than cost. Send for particulars. Price list in preparation.

SPECIAL OVERSTOCK OFFER. Send for particulars of our special overstock clearance offer. Slides at eight to twenty-five cents each in lots of 10, 25 ~nd 50 on many countries and subjects. Large values while they last.

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The Missionary Review of the World — September 1920

XLIII NUMBER

SEPTEMBER, 1920 LIU.CHIU, THE FLOATING D~AGON c. K. HARRINGTON MR. PAIK EARLY SPRING TELLS HIS STORY A RESIDENT OF KOREA THE ALBANIANS, A FORGOTTEN RACE . MRS. SEVASTI K.DAKO THE WOMAN'S CHRISTIAN COLLEGE, TOKYO A. K. REISCHAUER CHINA'S NEED FOR CHRIST CHENG CHING-YE THE SOUL OF THE INDIAN BISHOP HUGH L. BURLESON MISSIONS IN THE HOME MRS. E. C. CRONK $2.50 A Y E A R " . , , : ; , . ; , > 25 CENTS A COPY MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY COOPERSTOWN, NEW YORK 156 FIFTH AYE., NEW YORK

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CONTENTS FOR SEPTEMBER. 1920 Page FRONTISPIECE-A WAYSIDE SCENE IN JAPAN EDITORIAL COMMENT ……………………………………………. 753 THl, BOIJ,ING CAJ,DRON IN INDIA CHURCH UNION IN INDIA OPPOR'tUNI'tnlS IN GUATEMALA M,SSION PROBLEMS IN SAN'tO DOMINGO NON-CHRIS'tIAN LABOR CHURCHES JAPANESE CENSORSHIP AN OUTBREAK IN LOVEDAJ,E INSTI'tU'tE THE WORLD AND THE GOSPEL TODAY By V,SCOUN't BRYCE 761 LIU-CHIU, THE FLOATING DRAGON ………… By C. K. HARRING'tON 763 MR. PAIK EARLY SPRING TELLS HIS STORY By A RESIDENT IN KOREA THE ALBANIANS. A FORGOTTEN RACE .. By SEVASTI KYRIAS DAKO 779 THE WOMAN'S CHRISTIAN COLLEGE, TOKYO By RIlV. A. K. RErSCHAUER, D. D. 786 CHRISTIAN TRAINING E.OR JAPANESE CHILDRt£W.

aY;.HORA~~ E: COf$MA~ 789 THE WORK OF THE CANTON CHRISTIAN COLLEGE By MAHLON H. DAY 791 CHINA'S NEED FOR CHRIST …………………… ·.·.lBy DR.' CHENG CHING-YI THE SOUL OF.THE INDIAN ………….. By BISHOP HUGH L.BuRLESON 804 KOREAN CHRISTIANS IN ADVERSITY …. By RJlv. S. A. MOFFJlTT, D. D. 811 BEST METHODS DEPARTMENT MISSIONS 'IN THE HOMll ………………………… By MRS. E. C. CRONK 819 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN .. EDI'tllD BY MRS FRED H. BENNETT MIGRANt LABORERS NEWS FROM MANY LANDS …………….. '……………………. 824 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ………………………………………. 841 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00. in clHb. pi five.) Ifpreignpostage, SO <;ent~. Single copies, 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1920, by' Missienary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Coo"pe~stown, N. Y., .under 'the Act of M:air.ch 3, 1879.

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~VIEW~ VOL. SEPTEMBER, 1920 NUMBER XLIII NINE THE BOILING CALDRON IN INDIA M ANY events and tendencies in India, are not recor.ded in Western newspapers. That the situation is serious, es- pecially in the north, is acknowledged in government circles; and some missionaries are very apprehensive of the future. Their faith in God rather than in the British keeps them calm and hopeful.

A recent letter from a missionary in the Punjab, who is in close touch with the situation, tells of the political conditions-the riots, the unrest, the nationalistic movements and the costly mistakes of some British officials. He believes that masses of Indians are not loyal at heart to the British government, but are anxious for autonomy though they are not prepared to exercise it wisely. The better class of Indians are out of joint with materialistic western civilization, while at the same time the political leaders in India are arrogant and self-seeking. This militates against the success of reform movements.

Our correspondent continues: "Given a population of 315 to 320 millions, 300 of them thoroughly ignorant and easily led, and a couple of millions only with any adequate education and only a few thousands of these with any power of leadership and personality, and most of these determined upon winning power for themselves rather than advancing the best interests of their country, and include in this group some who have a fanatical hatred against foreigners and you have a dangerous position. Add to this the keen feeling of resentment over the Amritsar affair and the Khilafat agitation which is growing deeper and stronger all the time, and I would predict an explosion within five years. India in social and religious reforms is not keeping pace with her political advance. Masses of people have not changed 753

their ideas alloqt social matters at all. For example: scores of my students have been excused recently in order to get married; a regular epidemicof them! Whyf Because the Hindu astrologers say that the next two years will be unpropitious. Therefore every yov.ng Hindu of sixteen or seventeen is rushing off to plunge him- self and his family into economic difficulties to say the least. On the platform' the Arya Samaj is preaching Brahmacharya (late marriages), but in reality they have no iufluence at all iu these matters except over a small, rather highly educated group in a few large cities. Even Mohammedans are influenced by these social customs, and many of them have married in order to avoid the unpropitious season ahead.

"As to casfeand its influence, there are no doubtsigrndhat it is weakening. But a social custom which has existed for 3000 years cannot be destroyed in three years or even thirty years without danger, and there are evidences on every hand that the morals of the people are giving way under the rapid disintegration of the old social fabric. And yet the worst of the old customs like early marriages still have a strange superstitious hold on the minds of most Indians.

"The women's movement is purely superficial, except in small circles in a few of the largest cities. The attitude towards women in general is not changed at all. They are looked upon as distinctly inferior to men, and without any claims to the same rights and privileges. In some of the large cities women are getting educated and are coming into touch with the world enough to resent the former attitude of their men-folk, and demand a larger measure of freedom than has been theirs for centuries… The Mohammedan's community is most backward in the Panjab both in the matter of education and in tolerance for others; its bigotry and its attitude towards women is much the same as ever. The Mohammedan who is educated on the modern lines and is acclimatized in a modern atmosphere, is looked upon by the majority of Mohammedans as a renegade. A small body of fanatics is greatly inflaming the ignorant masses of Islam to an attitude of bitter hostility not only towards foreign Christians but even towards native Christians. Woe betide the Indian Christian Church if the Mohammedans were to get power in India in the near future!

"The strength of the movement for unity between Hindu and Mohammedan, is purely political. They neither trust nor like each other, and are simply driven together, for the time being in opposition to the British. Let the foreigners be removed and within five years they will be at each other's throat. Ten or fifteen years from now after the Reforms have had time to penetrate the ordinary life of India sufficiently and have proved measurably successful, then

19201 EDITORIAL COMMENT 7'55

there would be some prospect of permanency in this union, but at present it is worth nothing except politically.

"With regard to the relations between missions and Indian Christians there is fault on both sides. Some missionaries are incapable of realizing the changed position that has arisen in India, and many Indian Christians have the attitude that 'missionaries' have been top dogs long enough and now we are going to have our turn! ' It is needless to say when these two kinds of Christians come together there is not much harmony as a result! Where there is sufficient progressiveness in the missionary body and sufficient restraint and tolerance amongst the Indian Christian com- Illunity, the gulf can be bridged, but it is a difficult situation. 1'he future of Indian Christianity in the 20th century depends (humanly speaking) upon whether Indian Christian leaders and missionaries can work together in harmony. The Indian Christians left largely to themselves would either be absorbed by other bodies or would become a weak and querulous faction."

The whole problem of unrest 'in India is unquestionably due to the failure to inject the spirit and principles of Jesus Christ into political, social and religious life. It is no doubt inevitable that an awakening people should become restive, and that ambition should lead to self-aggrandizement. This is all the greater reason for promoting the evangelization of the people in India, and the training of Indian Christian leaders.

CHURCH UNION IN INDIA T HE Bangalore Conference held in India May 27 to 31 adopted the following resolutions in favor of Christian unity. 1. That this Conference of Indian Christians con~isting of members belonging to the Anglican, Wesleyan, Lutheran, Baptist, Presbyterian S. I. U. C. and Syrian (Mar Thoma and Jacobite) De- nominations, is of opinion that the several denominations of the Christian Church are in all esse.ntial respects within the one Church . Catholic, and that, in the interests of true Christian fellowship and for the extension of the Kingdom of Christ in this land, a recognition of the equal status of the denominations within the one Body of Christ and of their ministries as of equal validity, is necessary.

2. That such recognition should be given effect to along the following lines:- a. Ministers may receive due authorization to minister fully and freely in the churches of other denominations, it being under- stood that the above authorization is not to be regarded as re- ordination or as repUdiation of the present position of their minis- ters as validly ordained.

b. All the denominations should recognize fully the members of one another and admit them to the Lord's Table.

3. That further negotiations toward union of an organic: oharacter should not take place until the above two resolutions have been given practical effect to, and until the Indian Churches have attained financial and administrative independence, which, it is hoped, will conserve the best elements of Indian religious experience.

We must acknowledge that there are dangers in this attempt to realize the ideal of Christian unity; but with proper emphasis on the necessity of loyalty to Christ, of faithful obedience to God's Word and of complete dependence on Him, encouragement should be given to every effort to fulfil the prayer of our Lord for true unity among His disciples.

OPPORTUNITY IN GUATEMALA O NE of the significant things about the recent revolution in Guatemala is that the Unionists, who succeeded in putting down Cabrera's autocratic government, used as one slogan in their demonstrations: "Down with the clergy (Roman Catholic priests). We believe in evangelical religion!" The public made no protest against such anti-derical sentiments, and many called for the punishment of Bishop Pinol, who fell into popular disfavor because of his olose association with the Cabreristas. The general public sentiment in Guatemala is in favor of "evangelicals," as Prostestants are called. It is hOJ)Bd and expected that the new regime will be characterized by liberality in religion. The new Herrera gov- <ernment seems to be self-restrained, sane and judicial, with little <evidence of blood-thirsty revenge, in spite of the inflammable nature of Guatemalans. The outlook for the progress of Christian work in Guatemala is hopeful.

President Herrera, himself is reputed to be a wealthy land 'Owner, but a patriot of good judgment in political matters. The lIlew government is more thoroughly democratic than the old, and has shown ability to control the situation. After such a revolution in a Catholic country, there usually come enlarged opportunities in evangelioal work for some years and there are promises that the government will offer no opposition to Protestant missions. Evangelical missions in Guatemala have had a profound influence on the ideals and character of the people. The past three years have brought many difficulties in the form of war, earthquake, high prices, lack of workers and enemies to the truth, but the douds have broken and the light of a new day seems to be dawning.

As signs of the new day, gambling dens have been olosed by the decree of the government in Qruezaltenango; a vigorous anti-

EDITORIAL COMMENT

saloon league campaign is in progress; base ball is driving out bull fights; healthy sports are replacing idleness and excess; political clubs are repLacing champagne suppers and religious liberty is ex- perienced instead of fanatical oppression. These changes have not come from Roman Catholicism, or from atheism or from an auto- cratio government policy. They are not a guarantee of Christian faith but they are the result of the growth of enlightenment through the preaching of the Gospel. After forty years of evangelical mis- sion work there are more signs of promise than ever before. More than 500 evangelical congregations, with 15,000 adherents are scat- tered over the .country and hundreds of thousands of Bibles and Testaments are in the hands of the people. Education is also producing results but these must be safeguarded by spiritual awakening and direction. Now is the time to advance in Guatemala.

THE MISSION PROBLEM IN SANTO DOMINGO S ANTO Domingo, rich in trade and industrial opportunities, and with the traditions of the oldest Spanish civilization on the western continent, is still practically unknown to people in the United States, although for three and a half years a Rear-Admiral of the United States Navy has been its" President," carrying on a military government with the aid of a Cabinet of United States Marines.

Since the American oC{lupation, however, the Protestanf churches of America have made plans to enter Santo Domingo with a missionary program that will go far toward bringing the republic to the notice of the outside world. The work will be administered by a board of trustees, so that the divisions of the Evangelical Church shall not be introduced. Such a plan is without precedent in Christian missions.

The missionary program calls for more than one million dollars in the Ilext five years, with thirty foreign workers and fifty native worker&. It includes an institutional church, an industrial school, a hospital, and a book store in the city of Santo Domingo, the capital of the republic,and a similar group for Santiago, its most important northern city. While these will be the two great centers of work, the plan also calls for an institutional church, and a hospital at five other places. The project has the approval of Rear-Admiral Snowden, United States Navy, Military Governor of the island.

The Dominicans take pride in asserting that they have the remains of Columbus in their Cathedral, and that they are authentic has been but little disputed. Reminders of Ponce de Leon, Cortez, and Pizarro are on every hand. But here interest ceases. Nothing of modern beauty or utility meets the eye. There is no modern life of any kind, except that brought by the Marines, who installed a telephone for their own use, built a military hospital, saw that the

streets were cleaned up, and built some new roads. Street cars and street lights are unknown. There are no roads across the island, and the journey must be made by boat, a ten-day trip.

In the northern part of Santo Domingo there is a larger percentage of white blood, and the people are more progressive. Nothing now remains of the early Indian tribes, which were wiped out by Spanish cruelty. African slaves followed them, brought by Spanish and Portuguese slave dealers, and their descendants, often of mixed African and European blood, have been left to drift along for centuries. Torn at times by revolution and at others invaded by European capitalists who have attempted to exploit the resources of the country, Santo Domingo finally dropped out of the running commercially. Fior the last three hundred years she has lived in isolation, and it is only since American occupancy that she has shown evidences of again entering into the active life of the world.

Notwithstanding her isolation from centers of progress, and her large Afro-European population, there is in Santo Domingo a small intellectual circle with a high degree of culture. The intellectuals resent the continued occupation of the island by the United States Marines, with the censorship which has been exercised over their literary productions, but the lower classes are grateful for the peace and prosperity that have corne to them as a result. The American occupation has concerned itself largely with establishing schools, and education has developed rapidly, a school attendance of 85,000 children having grown from one of 25,000 three years ago. The schools cover the primary grades only, and it is not easy to secure teachers.

The Roman Catholic Ohurch in Santo Domingo is poor, and cannot minister to the needs of the people, who are as destitute as the people of ,any land not devastated by war, plague or famine could possibly be. The great mass of the inhabitants have nothing, and 95 per cent of them can neither read nor write. Leading Dominicans have advised that anything that can be done by the American Mission Boards will be acceptable, and that there is no chance of duplicating any work, as none is being done. Except in a few isolated instances, scarcely any Protestant activity of a missionary character has ever entered the field.

NON-CHRISTIAN LABOR CHURCHES M EN are ever seeking to secure the fruits of Christianity without the roots j to develop the form of Godliness with- out paying the price or experiencing the power. A "Non- Christian Church" seems a contradiction in terms, but such are being formed. In Canada a "Labor Church" was organized in .July, 1918, and now has ten branches, Winnipeg alone having 1200 members. It has grown because of the popularity of industrial movements but it has not yet endured hardship and persecution.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

There is avowed belief in God but no clear surrender to the claims of His Son, Jesus Christ. The basis of admission is as follows: "I am willing to support an independent and creedless Labor. Church based on the fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man. Its aim shall be the establishment of justice and righteouslless on earth among all men and nations."

An idea of the Sunday School may be gained by the following extract from one of the lesson outlines: "Lesson 1. Who set the dinner table7 (a) The many who keep us; (b) Our part in the world's work; (c) 'Grace before meat.'

"Lesson 3. The Age of Homespun: (a) Manufacture in home workshop; (b) Production for use-independence; (c) 'God bless me and my wife and son John.'

"Lesson 5. The First with the Machine; (a) Tools of production in the hands of the few; (b) The new slavery-men, women and children; (c) The work of Jesus-Luke 4:18.

"Lesson 16. Where the Baby Came From: (a) The miracle of life; (b) Sex instruction; (c) Bodies temples of the Holy Spirit.

"Lesson 21. The Life of Jesus: (a) Carpenter and reformer; (b) Opposed by church and state; (c) The sins which crucified him."

While most churches are lamenting the absence of men, the Labor churches like Masonic Lodges, are filled with them. It is unfortunate that a dividing line is being drawn between workers and others, and that men and women are making social organizations a substitute for the Church of Christ. These ideas are directly opposed to th.e teaching of the Founder of the Church and the Saviour of the World.

JAPANESE CENSORSHIP G OVERNMENT censorship in Japan, except in time of war, is calculated to create impatience in the minds of lovers of free speech and freedom of the press. For the same reason, British members of Parliament have taken their government to task for carrying on secret warfare in Somaliland, East Africa. The policy of sec,ret diplomacy, secret treaties and secret spy systems is not acceptable to liberty loving people. Japan's policy of seeking to eontrol not only the acts and speech of her people but their very thinking is arousing opposition among the Japanese themselves.

The editor of the Osaka Ashi was warned because he disapproved of a Japanese expedition to Siberia; the editor of the Kobe Herald was imprisoned for printing a sentence of "Mr. Putnam Weale" referring to the Emperor as inexperienced; the Japan Chronicle was suppressed for reprinting a reference to the famous "twenty-one demands" from the North China Daily News; The

J apqn Advertiser was suppressed for referring to the Mikado's "mailed fist" falling heavily upon the Japanese proletariat; Pooley's " Japan at the Cross Roads" and other books are placed upon the "Index Expurgatories." There were 1927 suppressions under the Okuma ministry (1914-1916).

It is clear why the Japanese people and even the government officials in Japan do not know the facts about the Korean uprising and Japanese methods of torture and suppression in Chosen. There is hope that the Japanese press law may soon be revised in favor of greater freedom.

OUTBREAK IN LOVEDALE INSTITUTE STUDENT unrest is not confined to India or China. A ser- ious disturbance occurred at Lovedale Institute, South Africa, on Sunday, April 25, and inVIOlved the destruction of the chapel by fire, the breaking of windows and other property damage, the stoning of Rev. J. Lennox, the acting principal, and assaults on other teachers. The immediate occasion of the riot seems to have been some dissatisfaction with the bread, but the real, underlying cause was the agitation from outside. One hundred and ninety-eight native lads were arrested and imprisoned. In spite of the plea for clemency made by acting-principal Lennox, the judge sentenced each of the fourteen ring leaders to three months' imprisonment at hard labor and £50 fine; and the remainder of the men to a fine of £15 each or one month in prison.

The Christian Express, Lovedale, says: "The virus of this trouble came from outside, but it is probably not all of one strain. The Land Act of 1913 implanted a deplorable crop of suspicion in the minds of the natives, and served to bind together tribes and clans which, up to then, had been disunited. There is a restlessness all over the world and notably among students. Strikes are in fashion. Educated natives read the newspapers, and not a few have witnessed strikes in Johannesburg and elsewhere. The term "strike" conveys to the mind of the native the idea of smaHhing things in general and windows in particular. It is almost certain that few of the rioters realized beforehand the seriousness of their actions. The majority were led by the few, and those who did not join in the riot were threatened with bodily harm."

Lovedale Institute, which has done such a noble work in Africa, has been temporarily closed on account of the riot and damage, and a real setback has been given to the cause of native education. That the South Africans in general are not in sympathy with the action of the students is shown by the regret expressed by parents whose sons have caused the trouble and by the resolutions passed by one of the native church courts. These resolutions express deep regret at the disturbance in Lovedale Institute, and record hearty

EDITORIAL COMMENT

disapproval of the conduct of the students. They close by saying: "Our prayer will daily be that the great danger with which our educational system is threatened may be averted and that brighter days may come to the Institute."

The W orId and The Gospel Today* BY VISCOUNT BRYCE, LONDON, ENGLAND T HIS period of history is one of great urgency and gravity. The white races are penetrating the whole world. The whole world is brought together as never before. There is hardly a spot that was not touched and smitten by the War in one way or another. It affected regions that had hardly a place in history before-all Siberia from the Urals to the Pacific Ocean, Central Asia and much of East Central Africa. If you except some tropical forest regions of Africa and South America, nearly all the backward· races have in some way suffered by the War. It is owing to the quarrels of the socalled Christian peoples that so much misery has been brought to the world.

Not only is the white man penetrating everywhere, but wherever he goes he is a destroying force. Not only are ancient faiths crumbling, but the moral foundations of custom on which the backward races lived in former times have been removed. They have now nothing to live upon until and unless they are given the Gospel of Christ.

I cannot think of any time in the history of the world when we have had phenomena of this sort. That is the reason why we ought to bend our minds to developing our work in every mission field. It is also the reason why we should try to see that our influence in every country where Britain can exert her influence, is well exerted in the cause of justice and humanity, and to see also that our people abroad set a better example by their own lives than in times past.

We have to ask for gifts to support missions. It is a duty to give them, every Christian must seek to sprc:lad Truth and Light. But a gift is an external thing, it mayor may not be an expression of a man's real sense of duty, of his real devotion to his Lord. It is an offering, as in the Old Testament dispensation were the sacrffices on the altar. But mercy is better than sacrifice, because mercy is part of the quality of the human being himself; it means the individual's moral purpose, his realization in his own life of Christian duty and Christian love. In and by it he shows forth his faith by his life better than any offering of money can do.

" " " "From the LaymenJs Bulletin, published by the National Laymen~s Missionary Movement, London :f;ngland. .

Now. we have come to the end of the War and what do we see? Those ~ho have the best means of knowing tell us that two normal epidemics are visible all' over England. One is an epidemic of crime, and especially of robbery with violence. There has heen an increase in theft and all forms of .dishonesty, theftfl on railways, thefts in the postal service.. The 'other epidemic is even wOrse. It is a prevalence of sensual vice such as has not been observed for many years. If there is a department of moral conduct in which Christianity has rendered an especial service to the world, it has been in raising the level for human morals, and in its treatment of sensual vice. When one reads of what sensuality was in the ancient world, when one recalls its treatment by the Greek and Roman poets, and what St. Paul says of it in his own time, one feels .how enormous has been the change to the modern world, and how entirely that change is dne to the influence of Christianity. Even when things were worst in the modern world, they never sank so low as they had done in pre-Christian days. Whenever we see a falling back toward the thought and practice of that pre-Christian world, it is a dangersignal which warns us of the need for guarding the higher conception of sexual relations which Christianity gave.

All these thoughts bring us back to the main thought-what can we do to make our country a Christian country7 The more we feel what has been called" the bankruptcy of civilization" the more we feel that the only thing that can save the world is to return to the precepts of the Gospel, and try to bring our practice nearer to our profession.

There is no light from any quarter promising moral dignity and purity and goodwill among men except that which comes from the Gospel. That is the Light which lighteth every .man, and that is the Light which we must do our best to spread not only abroad but among ourselves. The precepts of the Gospel are the one remedy for all the troubles we see around us at home and abroad. No nation has ever yet really tried to put those precepts into practice.

There seems to be a great call going out to us now to Christianize other peoples. To do this effectively, we must begin by Christianizing ourselves. If the Gospel is the only Light, then it is according to the Gospel that we must try to rule our own liYes and induce others to do so. The best way to move others is to set an example by following these precepts ourselves. However zealous we may be for the diffusion of the knowledge of the Gospel abroad, and however earnest our efforts, after all the most vitally essential thing is that we should try to infuse a Christian spirit into the society in which we live. Let us by all means continue our efforts to spread the Light abroad, but let it also illuminate the individual life at home.

A BUSY SCENE IN THE MARKET PLACE. NAHA. LlU CHIU

Liu Chiu-the Floating Dragon BY REV. C. K. HARRINGTON A N IMPORTANT chain of islands stretches from the south- western extremity of Japan, across well nigh a thousand miles of salt water, to Formosa. These beautiful and fertile islands, which number about ninety in all, while divided into several groups, were known as a whole to the Chinese as Liu-Kiu, or Liu-Chiu. The Japanese, to whom the pronunciation of the letter l is as difficult as that of r is to their Chinese cousins, call them Riu-Kiu. The name, which signifies the "Floating Dragon," was bestowed on them by their Chinese discoverer, because they suggested to his mind the appearance of a sea-dragon, or sea-serpent, floating on the surface of the water. The alternative .Japanese name is Okinawa, the "Rope-in-the-Offing," as though this chain of islands united Japan with Formosa.

The Liu Chius lie in the course of the Kuro-Shiwo or Japan Current, the Gulf Stream of the Pacific, and thus have an equable, warm and humid climate, very trying to Europeans and even to Japanese. The agricultural products comprise rice and millet, tea, tobacco, cotton and indigo; beside such fruits as bananas, pineapples, oranges, peaches and plums. The most important crop is sugar cane, the sugar from which, half a million barrels a year, is sent up to Japan for refining. Another principal crop is sweet 763

potatoes of a very inferior quality, which form the ordinary food of the common people. There are many domestic animals, such as ducks and geese, swine, cattle' and horses. Mining, also, and manufacturing are carried on somewhat extensively.

On account of the typhoons which frequently visit the islands the people of the cities surround their houses with high walls built of blocks' of coral rock. The village dwellings are small, wretched huts. As a rule the native Liu Chiuans, whether in city or country, are almost indescribably poor, even from a Japanese point of view. The population of the islands is estimated at over :half a million.

In race the Liu Chiuans differ somewhat from the people of Japan proper, being chiefly, it is supposed, a blend of Japanese with aboriginal tribes. They have a langnage, or dialect, of their own. They claim that their traditions date back seventeen thousand years, but having had no written language they have no native historical records or literature. In the year 1879 Japan fonnally annexed them to her own territory, this being the first considerable addition to the Empire after the restoration: Since that time there has naturally been a great increase in the number of pure Japanese living on the islands, and the use of the Japanese language has been spreading among the Liu Chiuans of the better educated classes. Even yet, however, the Liu Chius are to the .Japanese of the mainland practically a foreign country, inhabited by an alien race, speaking an unknown tongue. For a Japanese preacher to set sail from Kobe for Naha, to carry the message of the Cross to the Liu Chiu Islanders, is as truly a foreign missionary enterprise as for an American to take the gospel to Japan, or at least, as being an American possession, to the Philippines. As a race the Liu Chiuans are said to be much inferior to either the Japanese Or Chinese. "For centuries they have been ground between two mill-stones, and that, combined with the tyranny of their own officials, has utterly crushed out every particle of decision of character, leaving them a weak, spiritless and groveling people."

Their depressed condition is no doubt due also in part to the fact that they have not been brought under the sway of any great religious or moral teaching. However inferior to Christianity we may consider Buddhism and Confucianism, we cannot doubt that these have been to a very large degree Lights of Asia, and that China and Japan owe to them much of their progress in knowledge, in morality and in the arts and refinements of life. Buddhism was introduced from China in 1281, and between the old capital, Shuri, and the new capital, Naha, is a Buddhist temple said to date from that time, the walls of which are lined with the ancestral tablets of the Kings of Liu Chiu for over six hundred years.

1920J LIU CHIU-THE FLOATING DRAGON

The teachings of Confucius also have become familiar to people of education. But neither Buddha nor Confucius has exerted much influence over the minds of the Liu Chiuans generally. They seem to be destitute of an aptitude for great religious ideas, and are the slaves of many superstitions.

The great missionary campaign undertaken in the sixteenth cen- tury by Francis Xavier for the Roman Catholic church, in south- ern and eastern Asia, probably included the Liu Chiuans in its scope, but, if so, it made no per- manent impression on the people.

The story of modern Christian missions in the islands begins in 1846. At that time the ports of Japan were still closed to foreign shipping, and Naha, the chief Liu Chiu port, was a regular ren- dezvous for the fleets of western nations cruising in Asiatic wat- -ers. A number of Christian of- ficers of the British navy became interested in the spiritual condi- tion of the people, and with their A LIU CHIUAN GRANDMOTHER support a Dr. Bettelheim, a Ger- man Jew by birth but a Christian in faith, and with an English wo- wan for his wife, settled at Naha, and labored for seven years to plant the Christian faith in the islands. The story of Dr. Bettel- heim's arrival, and his subsequent experiences, was told to Dr. Thomson of Kobe by an eye-witness, an old man of over seventy.

"He arrived in Naha in May, 1846, with his English wife, his family of two children, and his household goods, on board an English man-of-war, at that time the only means of reaching these islands. Application was at once made to the officials for permission to land and begin work, but it was refused, and strict injunc- tions were issued to the boatmen not to bring the missionary ashore. He bided his time, however, and one day while a boatman was aboard the vessel, probably beguiled below, Dr. Bettelheim hastily piled his family and goods into the boat and waited. When the boatman returned and saw his boat full of unexpected guests, he fell on the deck and implored the officers to take them back on board, as he would be severely punished if the missionary went ashore in his boat. No notice was taken of this appeal, as the officials had no right to refuse permission to land; and after wait-

ing for ·five or six hours he most reluctantly left for the shore. The vessel sailed away, and thus this brave missionary took up his lonely post among these islanders, for Christ's s~ke and the Gospel's. ' , pro Bettelheim remained in Liu Chiu seven years, suffering many hardships and constant petty annoyances. The common peo- ple were not unfriendly to him, but the officials, knowing of the opposition of the Japanese government to Christianity, and fearing to incur its hostility by allowing the prohibited religion to gain a foothold, did all in their power to discourage the missionary and cause his retirement from the country. "Guard-houses were erect- ed at the entrance to his residence, and he was kept under the strictest surveillance night and day. Spies followed him every- where he went, and if he stopped to preach or speak to the people, at a signal from these men the crowd would at once disappear. When he distributed tracts and portions of Scriptures the officials would gather them up from the people and return them to him next day in neatly tied packages. The shopkeepers were forbidden to sell to him, and in every possible way his position was made as unpleasant as could be, in the hope of driving him out of the islands. "

The only thing that deterred the officials from making an end of him altogether was their wholesome fear of the British fleet, the ships of which frequently touched at the islands. We are told that on one occasion he had been arrested and beaten, but the sudden appearance of an English vessel caused his release, and the officials were compelled to apologize and promise better treatment in the future. Under the constant strain of these persecutions his health finally broke down, and in 1853 this obliged him to withdraw from the field, without having seen, so far as we can learn, any results of his labor. Dr. Bettelheim, during his stay on the islands, made a translation of some portions of the Scriptures. As the Liu Chiuans had no written vernacular, this translation was probably into Japanese, and if so was one of the very earliest attempts to produce a Japanese version of the Scriptures.

But although the Liu Chiu officials, influenced by the Japanese hatred of Christianity, succeeded in foiling this early attempt to establish Christianity on the islands, Providence had arranged that after all they were to play a part in the introduction of the Gospel into Japan j and that it was to be in turn from Japan, and from the lips of Japanese, that the islands were to receive the Message. HIt was from these islands that Commodore Perry commenced those operations which finally resulted in throwing open Japan not only to trade but to evangelization."

Dr. Bettelheim was still laboring and suffering at Naha when fJle Perry squadron arrived, May 26, 1852. When Perry with his

A LIU CHIUAN WORSHIPPING BEFORE AN ANCESTRAL

"black ships" came sailing into the harbor, he was surprised to be immediately saluted with the British Ensign, run up on a flagstaff on a cliff near the town. In the fine three-volume account of the Expedition published by the United States government, we are told of Dr. Bettelheim's visit to the ship. Presently Perry was up at Yedo, knocking at Japan's front door, and ere long that door was open both for the foreigner and the foreign ·religion.

Forty years passed before the Gospel again came to the Liu Chiu Islands. There was a new Japan, and the Liu Chius were her possession. Japanese officials conducted the affairs of Naha.

In the spring of 1891 there came to the East an old lady from Scotland, a Presbyterian, Mrs. Alexander Allan, of Glasgow. For years she had been concerned for the spiritual welfare of the people of the many islands that cling about the skirts of Japan, and first of all for the Liu Chiuans as being the least likely to be early reached by the gospeL In Kobe she found a fellow-countryman and a kindred spirit in Missionary Thomson, to whom she expressed her interest in this matter. On her return to Scotland she made an offer, through Mr. Thomson, to the American Baptist Missionary Union-now the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society-of a sum of money sufficient to establish a Christian work in the Liu Chius, and to sustain it for a number of years. The Society gladly accepted Mrs. Allan's proposal, and steps were at once taken by Mr. Thomson to begin the work. In the Baptist

Theological Seminary was a Mr. Hara Michinosuke, who had had an inward call to labor for the Liu Chiu people, and among the Baptist preachers was a Mr. Okamoto who had lived among them years before as a government official,and was willing to return to them as a missionary. The autumn of 1891 saw these two Jap- anese pioneer evangelists settled at Naha. A few months later Mr. Thomson, accompanied by his wife, made his first visit to the islands. During the three weeks they remained they were received everywhere with kindness and courtesy, and to the daily meetings the Liu Chiuans flocked in crowds, of course largely from curios- ity, to see the foreigners, as the addresses, being in Japanese, would be unintelligible to most of them.

"The sight of a foreign lady nearly upset the equilibrium of the city of Naha, her appearance on the streets was the signal for a general suspension of business. She could clear the public square, which was the general market place, of both merchants and cus- tomers, inside of three minutes, if it was known that she was out walking in the streets. This disturbance of the traffic of the place led to the amusing request on the part of the police that the lady should stay indoors during the day, only coming out for exercise after dark."

The condition of the Liu Chiuans when Mr. Thomson made his first visit to Naha was truly worthy of compassion. Although they had been already more than a decade a part of the Japanese Em- pire, very little had apparently yet been done by the government to promote their. welfare. Outside the Capital, schools werE' un- known and the bulk of the people were destitute of even the ele- ments of learning. In their domestic and social and industrial life they were in a very primitive state. Modern methods and implements, and conveniences of domestic life, whicp had become common in the empire at large, were here yet Ul'known. Even the humble kerosene lamp was wanting. There were many in such poverty that they could not afford even the sweet potatoes of poor quality which grow in the islands, but were obliged to resort to a mixture of potato and clay.

As for religion, they were without even such insufficient guidance and consolation as Buddhism might give, and were under the sway of all kinds of superstition. So materialistic had they become that the very idea of a spiritual religion was foreign to them. If they knew of Christianity it was as something to be shunned, having in it, it was thought, an unholy magical power which cast an evil spell on men and separated them both from living friends and dead ancestors. It was perhaps to escape this spell that whenever a white man appeared in any of the villages the women and children fled from him in terror.

LIU CHIU-THE FLOATING DRAGON

BUSY STREET IN NAHA, I,IU CHIU ISI,ANDS The handicap of the language, and the timidity, conservatism and superstition of the people, made the work of our pioneer Japanese evangelists difficult and sometimes discouraging, and ten years passed without large visible results. Then a change came, and the people gathered in crowds to hear the gospel. Hundreds professed faith in Christ and were baptized. Other Japanese Christian workers from the mainland joined in the work, and from among the Liu Chiuan Christians were raised up preachers and teachers. Churches were organized at Naha and at Shuri, and a number of country stations were opened. Dr. Thomson, although in residence at Kobe, a thousand miles away, has been in direction of the work, and when occasion has required has either visited the islands in person or has arranged for some other missionary to make the journey. Two or three years ago the Baptist church membership was not far from one thousand, but a drastic weeding out has reduced this number by two-thirds.

The faith of most of the early converts waS not of a highly spiritual nature. The Christian God of whom the preacher spoke was evidently a great and powerful Being, and under His favor they might expect prosperity. Bodily health, a flourishing family, fat crops, and rapid increase of their livestock were to them the visible signs, at first the only intelligible signs, of God's love and care. Let the harvest fail, sickness invade their home, or disease break

out among their domestic animals, and the foundations of their faith began to criImb1e. For-they- were- essentia11y -it primitive people, and among all primitive peoples-as among the primitive Israelites themselves, as is clearly shown in the Old Te§.tllmentmaterial prosperity and adversity have always been hel(l'to"te the tokens of the divine favor or displeasure. "That is uo~.Jirst which is spiritual but that which is natural, and afterward, thit which is spiritual. " Thanks to years of Christian teaching :~d experience, more spiritual conceptions are gradually supplanting these primitive ideas, and while the numerical growth of the churches is at present less rapid than formerly, they are in a more satisfactory condition.

Following close upon the Baptists in Ohristian work for the Liu Ohiuans came the Methodist Episcopal Mission of Japan, in 1893, and the Ohurch Mission Society, in 1894. The former has enjoyed very considerable success. A number of church@s have been organized, with a roll of perhaps a thous-and members. In one village, where nearly 150 had united with the church in a single year, the villagers took alarm, and endeavored to stay the progress of the work, declaring that if the new teaching, with its disapproval of drinking, dancing and the theatre, should gain further headway, life in their village would become intolerably dull. This recalls to the writer a remark sometimes made by Japanese on learning that he was an abstainer from both sake and tobacco: "I should think you would find it very lonesome."

During these twenty-five years, while Ohristian missions have made a beginning of the spiritual transformation of the Liu Ohiuans, the Japanese Government, in pursuance of a wise policy operative also in Korea and Formosa, has been exerting itself to promote their welfare along industrial and educational lines. Missionary Wynd, of Tokyo, who had made his first visit to the islands in 1893, made a second visit in 1915, and speaks of the marked changes that had taken place during the interval. "Schools have been established in every big village, and high schools are found in the business centers. Ambitious young men flock from the islands to the mainland. One or two, after taking degrees in the Imperial University, are back in the islands to light the torch of culture in Naha, Shuri and Itoman. The young men meet together and talk about the poetry of Tagore, the philosophy of Eucken and the plays of Ibsen. The ignorant, downtrodden, fearful native of the Liu Ohius has been transformed. His ideas, his habits, his outlook on the world are different, as is also his appearance. He has become a Japanese." To become a Japanese, in this case, is to become intelligent, alert, independent, progressive, interested in politics, education, science, art and social problems, both of the East and of the West.

Material conditions also, at least in the larger towns, have greatly improved. Mrs. Thomson, who braves the perils and hardships of the long sea journey to assist in the work of the Bible-women and kindergartners, says: "No longer will the traveler feel that he is landing in a primeval country, untouched by modllrn civilization. The dreadful mixtures of sweet potato and clay that in former days were expo~ed for sale have disappeared. The people are much more vigorous. The J"apanese regime has certainly made the town dwellers more sanitary in their habits. 1'he streets have drains and the rubbish is removed, so that the city is much more cleanly in appearance. Tram cars run on time through the main streets of Naha, and up to the gates of Shuri, the old capital.

'I'he inflow of. western thought and civilization, by way of Tokyo, upon the pdmitive life of the Liu Chiuans is creating a new Liu A CHRISTIAN CHAPEl" LIU CHlU ISLANDS Chiu in the midst of the old, and this cleavage extends into the religious realm. The old style native, who of course is in the great majority, is still, Mr. Wynd tells us, "primitive and simple, receiving the Gospel as a child, and the preacher as a messenger from heaven. The new Liu Ohiuan is ostentatiously modern, a reader of new books, full of new ideas and as much taken up with his recent acquisitions as a child with a new toy. He, too, is groping after God, and has deep spiritual experiences, which he likes to express in modern terms, using any quotations from his favorite books." This rise of the new Liu Ohiuan adds an element of difficulty to Ohristian work. "These two classes are both found in the church, and the preacher's difficulty on Sunday morning when they meet for worship is to minister to both classes. The modern man does not want to hear the Liu Ohiu dialect; the bulk of the congregation does not understand anything else. The new man wants his pastor to be also a new man, talking the language of the modern sages, going to the root of all the problems of philosophy, science, religion and life, explaining and illuminating these. The older members cannot understand these things, but wish to hear of- the Father's love and care, in the simple language of the story of the Prodigal Son, or of the two spar-

rows sold for one farthing." So the preacher must choose whether to preach in the native dialect, in a simple, Biblical style; or in Japanese, in a more profound manner. Mr. Haraguchi, the longtime Japanese missionary to Liu Chiu, wisely chose the former course, and his good example has been followed by most of the other Christian workers, both native and Japanese.

In 1917 the Baptist Mission force in the islands was reported as consisting of one pastor, three evangelists and two Biblewomen. There were four Sunday-schools, with an aggregate roll of 700 scholars. The churches at Naha and Shuri were overflowing the modest buildings where they met for worship, and the preaching places where evangelistic work is being carried on were well attended. On the occasion of Mr. Wynd's recent visit to Naha, he was waited upon by a group of country people who had walked fifteen miles as a deputation from their village. They made very urgent request that he should come out to their district and preach the gospel to their people, many of whom were eager to hear. The Wise Woman of the village was the spokesman of the group, and said, "We came on purpose to invite you, and we started early, before the village cocks had begun to crow; when the stars were giving us light and the frogs were croaking in the pools." In addition to Sunday-school work for children there is a flourishing kindergarten carried on in Naha, and in the heart of that city the Baptist Mission established, in 1917, a fine mission plant, with a good church building-the first to be erected in the Islands-a parsonage, and ample kindergarten accommodations.

It may reasonably be expected that through the efforts of the several Missions now at work in the Liu Chius the more important islands of the chain will ere long be entirely evangelized, but many of the smaller ones cannot well be reached by the methods now employed, and may have to await the day when a Gospel Ship, like that which sails the Inland Sea of Japan, shall cruise among them.

The story of missionary work in the Liu Chius presents a striking example of divine providence and leadership. The officials at Naha, under pressure from Japan, sought to prevent Christianity getting a foothold in the Islands. At this very time the Perry Expedition, with Naha as a base of operations, opened Japan to western commerce and to Christianity. Later, the Liu Chius were swept up into the Japanese Empire, and Christian Japanese, under Japanese government protection, carried the gospel message back to Naha.

Paik Early Spring Tells His

(The following narrative is given as nearly as possible in a translation of the man's own words as he told the story to us.) TRANSLATED BY A RESIDENT IN KOREA I T IS a long story and all very strange. God has strange ways of working. We cannot follow them all. I will tell you what happened as a man sees it. Can one know the plant before he understands the root f To tell you my story I must begin with another's history. There was a certain Buddhist priest, a man of restless desires but spiritual withal. He was not lazy nor content to live slothfully on monastery lands like the others, but was a man of spiritual yearning who sought the hidden meaning of things and peace for his unquiet soul. If not why did he wander through our "three thousand Ii of mountains and rivers," making pilgrimages to all the monasteries of the thirteen provinces? And even this was not enough. He passed over the Eastern sea to the land of the Rising Sun and visited the holy places there. Was it not. by the grace of God that he met a missionary who showed him the first chapter of Genesis ¥ Who would begin a Gospel word with the first chapter of Genesis? Is not this also a way of God who knows the need of every man's heart? This man read the first lines and he laid down the Book and he said: "I have found the truth! 'In the beginning God'! All through the years I have known the words of the Way of the Buddha. Have not Suhkayuri's" words been in my ears? 'None in heaven above, none in earth below, only I, alone.' Suhkayuri meant there was no God but it was all athwart my consciousness. 'In the beginning God' ! There was a beginning. There is a God! This is truth!"

So this priest learned the Christian doctrine in a measure and believed. Also he became a merchant and prospered in business. He crossed into China and became a seller of drugs and because he was prospered, his gains were five thousand ounces of silver and certain bales of Chinese silk. So he returned.

It is written, "The love of money is the root of all evil," and so it became in the after days but the tale must be told in order.

Did I tell you where I first heard the Word? In the second month of the year of the Rabbit (1903) on the road to the provincial capital I met a little man with a round face. He was a gentleman in his bearing and he wore a winter cap of fur beneath his gentleman's hat. A coolie with him bore a heavy bundle in the rack of his carrying frame on his back. They were resting a mo- * Suhkayuri is the Korean name of G-uatama Buddha or Sakyamooni.

773

ment in the sunshine by the big rock below the Kyung Ju Pass, so I too stopped and gravely salut~d a~cording t9 the custom of our people.

"I am Paik Early Spring of Peace River Village," I said "Even so," he replied. "I am Kim Source of Strength of such and such a place. ~, (You know him today as Pastor Kim. Was he not the first to believe in our province n "Are you in peace 1' , "I am in peace. What have you in your load that seems so heavy?"

"They are books."

"I also am a reader of books. What sort are these?"

"They are the Books of the Lord, the Saviour of the world,"

he said.

"Saviour of the World 1 Lord!" The words had no meaning to me. "Who is this one whom you call Saviour of the world 1"

"God sent His son," he said "to be the world's Saviour. "

"Can God have a son? What idle words are these 7" I an- swered him in scorn and turned away quickly in bitterness.

Of a truth in those days I was not slow in speech, but I think he prayed for me. And all that day as I walked the road in the keen Winter air there was one sound in my ears, "the Saviour of the World . , . the Saviour of the World." The wild geese passed overhead and their honking cry sounded in my ears "the Saviour of the World." "What spell is this?" I said in anger. "Oannot one forget a senseless word 1 I will stop for food at yonder inn."

They called me a well-to-do man in those days. There were certain fields and if. the year was favorable there was rice for all the food mouths. Also the wood of the mountain beyond was mine for the cutting. I was a reader of the classics and no merchant and yet as men will, I went from time to time to the market town on market days and on a certain market day, I sought in the mar- ket place for satin piece goods of a sort and it was not found, but there were those who said: "Has not Pak the Buddhist returned from China with satins?

Seek his house in such a village."

Now this was the man of whom I have already spoken but as yet I know not the man nor his new manner of religion, only that he had satin piece goods of value. So I went to this village and one directed me to his house. .

The gate of the courtyard was open and the door of his guest room too. You know of our custom to have one room with the door facing outward where visitors are received. There was a gathering there, one or two men, and on the open porch beyond one or two women on rush mats. I stood before the door and they

MR P~IKEARLY SPRING TELLSHtS STORY

so bade me. enter I entered quickly and kneeling in it respectful attitude I said:'

"Let 'us make ourselves known to one another. I am Paik Early Spring of Peace River Village."

"I bear the name of the house of Pak," my host answered gravely. "You have come at a fortunate time. Presently we shall.

enquire your business but now we worship. Be pleased to join with use. This is the Lord's Day.;"

So he spoke and I answered wondering, "What Lord's day7"

" Jesus, " he said, "The Lord, the Saviour of the world."

Was it not the echo of the voice in my sOlll? And I saw again in my mind's eye the little old man by the roadside in· the sunshine with his books on the Kyung Ju road and his words were still in "Saviour of the world"! r my ears through many days.

thought to myself, even as I have said, this is a strange world but I was minded to listen to his words. So the master of the house said "Let us pray. Condescend only to refrain from smoking while we worship."

I knocked the ash from my pipe bowl across the door sill and thrust the bamboo stem into my sleeve. They bowed their heads and one prayed. How should I know the meaning of what he said1 Strange words they were, yet not strange. Words that I knew everyone but put together with new meanings that made it sound in my ears like the language of the outer barbarians. Again I heard of the Son of God, but what was this talk of love and trust and of One's blood that had been shed? He prayed even for me, that I, a stranger, might understand the doctrine. They prayed and bowed their heads but why should I bow my head? It was not my worship yet I held my peace and listened and my eye searched the room, but never a Buddha nor a spirit-jar nor a worship tablet did I see.

What worship was this I thought scornfully? Then the man Pak took a book and read words like those of his pr:iyer and he made explanation of it withal as to one of little understanding and I perceived that he meant me and I listened to his, words. Then they sang a song and the words were "Far, far have I wandered." All these things are known to you but I had never heard the Jesus doc- trine before in all my days. The words- were new and strange but I learned their meaning and understood something about the Saviour of the world. And so it was that from time to time I went to this ·house and joined in worship, but the doctrine had not yet come to rule my life and I was not greatly changed, only men said I was a disciple of Pak and did the Jesus doctrine.

There was a time of political and religious disturbance when the Il Chin Whoi (Progress~ve Society) was abroad and there was persecution also from the Catholics and we were very ignorant in those days and once we took revenge on them; but I may not tel]

that tale now, only we were much troubled and many fell away fill of those who gathered at Pak's house only five or six remained. Two of the group had died suddenly. The wives of two others died and certain children. Is not death the common lot of all? Yet the unbelievers said it was because we had followed the Jesus doc- trine, and yet others cooled off in their minds little by little until their minds fell completely and only the Buddhist and I were left.

I cannot tell it all, how he took the typhus and died and how there was none to help but a young wife and an old father-in-law. And I because I was a believer I thought to take no hurt from the disease and attended him until he left the world.

He besought me to write a letter to a missionary and make words to the effect that he had sinned grievously and must fall into hell for that his wife had called in a devil exorcist to drive away the devils of his illness, but he bade me say that it was done when he was without senses and knew it not, by others in the house and he would know if this was a sin laid to his door. So I and one other wrapped the body in matting and tied it round and round with straw rope and buried it on the mountainside alone and there was no coffin.

I took his Bible and hymn book and the useless roll-book of our church and went away and was a Christian no more for many days, but all the while there was a heaviness in my heart and my conscience was unclean for that I visited the market even on the Lord's Day.

I was no Christian then, but one day a young colporteur came to the' market place and preached, and when one jeered at him in the crowd I bade the disturber hold his peace that all might hear the words and the young man also said to me: "Do you also know the doctrine?" My heart burned but I was afraid and I said "I have known . something. "

I held the young man's bag while he spoke standing on some sacks of rice in the market place, and all the people listened for his words-were good and new. So I followed him even to another market place and held his books while he preached and a certain scholar in that place believed and because he was a noted man and had a following, a church grew up there, but it was not my home village· and my mind was not warm towards the doctrine then. I did not put my name on the roll books then though certain ones urged me to do so, even one who had been a companion of my childhood. Is not his name Pak Sun Tal ¥ The manuer of his urging was this. It happened that a certain market day fell on the Lord's Day for it often will when our market days run once in five and the Lord's Day once in seven. I rode upon my horse to go to

MR. PAIK EARLY SPRING TELLS HIS STORY

market. By the crossing of Peace River I met Pak Sun Tal who had become a Christian.

"Whither~" He said only. "To attend the market," I answ(>r~d. Then he said: "You also were a believer once.• Rave you forgotten that it is the Lord's Day~" I was minded to make a surly reply and a lying one withal, and to say even that a man must live and how could he live and still be idle one day in seven and tha,t I greatly needed the profit of that day's trade. I say I was minded to say all this but I looked do'Wll sidewise at Pak Sun Tal and there were no words in my mouth to make reply, for I saw his garment that it was worn and frayed while my own was silk and in my heart I knew that of us two he was less able to be idle than I if that were all. He seemed to know my thought for he said simply: "The Lord has a way. He knows how to make up the time we give to Him." But my mind was proud and stubborn and I lied and said, I must needs go, for a reason; so Pak Sun Tal went on sadly but I think he too prayed for me. They made me a judge of the market in those days and I sat on the judge's seat and those who had quarrels over their wares brought them before me and I settled their disputes and in that market my word was law. But with some I had the name of Jesus believer because once I had attended the church in the house of the former Buddhist monk, only none of my family believed. Their time had not yet come. This also is strange. God has times for certain things. You believe it do you not T And when His time comes then things must happen, but my family's time to repent had not yet come.

Then came the great trial. Our family was eight food-mouths in all. Then three of my sons died one after another. Was not God arousing me 1 And myoId mother desired the sorcerer to drive away the evil spirits that were bringing sorrows on our house, but I would none of it for my conscience would not let me, though I was no Christian. Only when I was away from home they did so secretly but what was the profit 1 Did not the last of my sons also depart? Then my daughter became ill and the mother was even as one bereft of senses for she said: "It is our only child. "

So they brought the sorcerer with his drum and bells but I would not do obeisance to him, tolching my head to the ground before him who had the familiar spirit as the custom is, though my mother besought me with tears and wailing for she said: "If we do not honor his demon the child will die. He will let it die! Why should she die, only this little one?"

Then she commanded my younger brother to bow before the sorcerer and he refused saying; "The honorable elder brother says it is devil worship and an evil thing and useless. Why should I do it either1" So the sorcerer departed in a rage saying that seven devils sat upon the roof of our house could we but see them.

Then I lay in my room reading. My hand had fallen upon a gospel tract and being drowsy the paper ,fell across my eyes and I slept but in my sleep someone seemed calling, calling, ever calling, till I awoke and looked through the door into the courtyard and behold a devil rope was hung around the house, a devil rope of braided straw with paper prayer fluttering at intervals throughout its length. My mother had done this thing to keep the spirits afar. Also she sought them in prayer-you know the custom. How runs the patter?

"Seven spoons of cold clean rice purified and boiled-fortyfive paces toward the north, a hollow gourd, a straw shoe and a lighted wick in a saucer of oil and a call upon the tree spirits name."

It WaS the call I heard in my slumber. Quickly I arose and seized my writing brush and fiercely ground the ink-cake on the wet stone and wrote letters to all the J esuSI believers whom I knew and bade them to come quickly to my house to pray with me for the child. So in the night we prayed and sang and the wondering villagers thronged the courtyard. And the child lived, for God works miracles in His time. And all my household repented and came out unto Jesus for their time had come and God's time for them. Said I not that God has times 1 In ten years since then has my mother missed one Lord's day from attendance at the church? Though the winter wind whirls down and the snow drifts deeply even to the knees and one would dissuade her from going the long walk to the meeting place, she takes her staff in hand and fares forth across the river, for she says she must needs pray. Have I not also given my life for His service and when it seemed best for the work that I should be called to be an evangelist I left my native village and sold even the land, to live henceforth as the Lord should give support through the church.

As to how by the grace of God I became a helper and an elder and of what befell in the Spring of this year thou knowest very well. . . . Truly of His grace have I received abundantly.

(Yes, we knew very well what befell in the Sprmg of last year. He was one of five men who was seized without warning while sitting in his room at the Theological Seminary, rushed away by the police, tied to a wooden cross and beaten with twenty-nine blows because he was a Korean and a Christian, but he calls it the grace of God!)

HIGHLANDeRS AT HOM!'

"The Albanians-A Forgotten Race"

BY MRS. SEVASTI K. DAKO T HE whole world has become a student of European affairs, conditions and peoples. The maps of the Near East have been examined more diligently than ever before; but in spite of this world wide interest very little is known of Albania and its "Forgotten Race."

Albania is a country blessed with every gift of nature, and has been termed the Switzerland of the Balkans. It is bounded by the Adriatic on the West, by Montenegro on the north; Serbia and Macedonia on the east, and Greece on the south. It comprises the southern part of ancient Illyricum and the whole of Epirus, and commands, by its geographical position, the main entrance 1.0 the Near East.

Into the soil of this beautiful and historical land, the Alballians, the "Sons of Eagle" have thrust deep roots and we date our history as far back as 4,000 years B. C. Every Albanian feels behind him this vast antiquity, giving him personal dignity and great national pride.

For a long time, the origin of the inhabitants of Albania, like 779

that of the Basks of the Pyrenees, has been an enigma for the ethnologists; but they have now succeeded in proving that the Albanians represent the most ancient living race of the Balkans, who have dwelt among their bleak hills from time immemorial. They 'form a distinct nationality and come from the most ancient branch of the Aryan family. They are the direct descendants of the ancient Illyrians, Macedonians, Epirotes, the offspring of the Pelasgians, the first peoples to come to Europe. Illyricum, or Illyria means in Albanian, "the Land of the Free." It was to the forefathers of the Albanians that St. Paul referred when he said, "Round about into Illyricum I have fully preached the gospel of Christ." The Albanians still claim St. Paul as their first missionary.

Albania has its glories. The heroic resistance offered by Albanians in the past against the Romans, the Goths, the Huns, the Serbians, the Bulgarians and the Normans has been nothing short of marvel(}us. Before it was overwhelmed by the Turks, it maintaine'd under its great leader George Kastriota, known better as Scanderbeg, a long and heroic struggle. With Scanderbeg as leader, Albania formed a bulwark of Europe against the Turk, and on his death, in 1467, the Sultan exclaimed, "Asia and Europe are mine at last! Woe to Christendom! It has lost its sword and shield!" It was Albania who fought ardently for half a century Europe's battle of Christianity against Islam and prevented the Crescent from supplanting the Cross in Europe.

It is true that during certain periods of its history, Albania was forced to acknowledge a certain amount of foreign nominal domination; but she never consented to renounce entirely her sovereignty, never consented to give up her national aspirations; her submission being only temporary and apparent. They have survived five great Empires and successfully resisted every effort to denationalize them. They have retained their language, their national customs and traditions throughout all the centuries, thus proving to be incapable of being conquered and assimilated.

In 1912, during the Balkan war, Albania became the bone of contention of Serbia, Greece, Bulgaria and Montenegro, which were contemplating its full partition; but the European Powers stepped in and hindered them from carrying out their programme. Meanwhile the Albanians, under the leadership of their veteran statesman, Ismail Kemal Bey Vlora, proclaimed the independence of their country and appealed to Europe for the integrity of Albania. A month later, the London' Conference, as a confession of the faith in the principle of nationality, sanctioned the independence of Albania, which was proclaimed by the Albanians themselves on November 28, 1912. A great part of the Albanian territory was however unjustly given to Montenegro, Serbia and Greece. In spite

ALBANIA

.AND IT$ UNREDEEMED 'I'ERRtTOFUE~ 781

of this, our neighbors were not satisiied, and at once started and invaded the country anew, and Oestroyed the machinery of the uewly born state, before it had time to get on its feet. The atrocities and massacres committed by thB invading forces during the summer of 1914, just before the outbreak of the great war, will remain a bloody stain in the history of the world.

But with the beginning of the great world's war-considering the solemn pledges made by the representatives of the Allies for the rights of the small nations-a glimmer of hope appeared that Albania, among other nations, was -at last to be granted her just claims for complete independence and national unity; and on this assumption they did their share in helping the Allies' cause. The Peace Conference, however, has traveled far from the principle of nationality in trying to settle the Near Eastern Question. The iirst time the Supreme Council deigned to notice the existence of ~~lbania was to propose its partition between Greece, Jugoslavia and Italy on the basis of the document knOwn as the Pact of Loudon. The Albanians have vehemently protested against this act as an injustice, and have waited patiently hoping that the Allies' representatives, in the name of justice and for the sake of peace in the Balkans, will restore the national unity of Albania, and will grant to the oldest race of Europe the undeniable right to gOVE'rn herself. But all in vain. The statesmen of Europe propose the allocation-of Albania to Italy, Jugoslavia and Greece ;by way of compensation for disappointments elsewhere! The Albanians are determined to iight until the champions of the Greek, Serbian, and Italian imperialistic policies withdraw their troops from Chameria, Kossova and Vallona. The Albanians speak an absolutely unique language, one of the most ancient, and historically one of the most important languagE's of Europe. It can only be compared with the Lithuanian in its importance, as a living witness of her past. Today it is spo~en only hy four million people; but in former times, before the Slavonic invasion, it was spoken over the whole of the Balkan Peninsula. 4mong the national aspirations of the Albanian people, the preservation of their ancient language holds a supremely important place. All their bitterest national struggles have centered round that, as it ts a question of life or death for them, and the women hl'lv~ played the predominant role in this struggle.

Ohristianity reached the Albanian coast as early as the iirst century, and by the third and fourth centuries the Albanians became entirely converted. – In the year 1054, when the Oriental schism took place, Albania being a part of the Eastern Empire, remained with the Eastern Patriarchate, which refused to preach the Gospel in the language of the people, so when the Turks came to Europe, the Albanians were Christians only in name. Adding

THE ALBANIANS-A FORGOTTEN RACE

to this reaSon the ignorance of the Greek clergy, and the love of wearing a sword, symbolizing power, one of the greatest characteristics M the Albanian people; we will easily understand why the majority of the Albanians embraced Islam. Two-thirds of the Albanians are Moslems and the rest Christians, those living in Southern Albania, belonging to the Greek Church, those of the northern part of the country being Roman Catholics.

The first attempt to give to the Albanians the Christian truth in the vernacular was made by the British and Foreign Bible Society which published the N€IW Testament in the year of 1820 in the Albanian language. In spite of the bitter opposition of the Greek clergy who regarded the circulation of the Holy Scriptures in Albanian as contradictory to all church orders and impious, the Eible Society published two new editions of the New Testament, one in 1838 and another in 1872. The people received them enthusiastically, for they saw in the work of the Bible Society the only scheme that will awake and consolidate the nation.

A few years later another important step was made in this direction by the late Gerasim D. Kyrias, who after graduating from the American Collegiate of Samakov (Bulgaria), went to Kortcha and for the first time preached the Gospel in the vernacular, in the presence of a large crowd, both Christians and Moslems. He was heartily congratulated for this noble step and earnestly begged by his compatriots to remain permanently at Kortcha and start a systematic Christian work among his people. Encouraged by these earnest invitations, he made an appeal to his American and English friends for help and in 1891, after the writer graduated from the American College at Constantinople, he founded the first and only Albanian girls' school. It was natural that the idea originated with him for he was in a position to see the great advantage of Christian education and the misfortune involved in the lack of it and to respond to the voice and dumb yearning of the Albanian youth fQr the knowledge which gives power and light. This institution has been the center of uplift and enlightenment, not only for young people, but also for women, who did not have the opportunity of attending school in their young days.

To a great extent, the Albanians still live a patriarchal life. Each family has its own leader, the oldest member of the family, and the younger members have to obey his orders. In Albania thp hearth is the altar and the throne of the nation's life, and she who presides in the home is inviolate and inviolable in her virtue where- ('ver she goes. Matrimonial alliances are regulated by the head of the house with the most rigid observance of rank and precedence. The men and women descending from a common ancestor, though remote, regard one another as brothers and sisters. Marriage between cousins separated by twelve generations is not thought of,

though the. church permits it. The betrothal in infancy still prevails in Albania. The betrothed girl and boy can marry no other. In case the girl refuses she swears to remain virgin and this entitles her to inherit property if there is no son in the family.

The marriageable age is 14 to 17 for the girls and 18 and over for the boys. The bride is brought to the parental home of the bridegroom, where she is to remain under the orders of the parents-in-Iaw until she herself becomes head of a family.

-rrhe highest aspiration of an Albanian wife is to be the mother of boys. This gives her great authority in the home, to which she has come as a stranger. In her old age, she looks forward to their support and affection and feels amply rewarded to be able to have her grandsons grow around her.

The Albanian men treat women with great consideration; consuit them freely in their affairs, both private and public, and accord them a position in the family equal to their own. To such an extent, indeed, is the respect for women carried by the Albanians that it is contrary to their notions of propriety ever to make women the subject of jokes or humorous stories. Well do women merit the respect of their husbands and brothers, and often prove themselves to be fit companions for men, unmindful of fatigue, danger and even death in the cause of liberty. Whenever the armies of the enemy menaced the privileges, of which the people of Albania had always been proud, it was the women who were the first to give the alarm and to excite the men to resist to death, themselves following in the combat. Restraining the tears, so natural to their sex, they 'Would carry the mutilated bodies of their loved ones among the combatants in order to excite them to avenge their death; and the same women refused to receive back into their homes the husbands or sons who had turned their backs upon the enemy. Albanian women are often entrusted with negotiations for truce and peace. Such being the character of the Albanian woman, it is not sur- prising that they have played a considerable part in the history of their country. The strength and influence of the mother in moulding the sentiment and the ideals of her children is great. She has always been opposed to Islam, because she has instinctively felt that Islam with its polygamy and divorce is a danger both to the rights of women and to the sacredness of the family. To her great credit she has been victorious in this "holy war," for even after five centuries, although the majority of the Albanians became Moslems still they are a monogamous people.

The Albanian woman has been equally successful in fighting for the preservation of our national traditions, customs and language, and although unlettered she fought bravely against many powerful, organized foreign propagandas, which for centuries have

worked to denationalize and assimilate the Albanians. History gives us a list of celebrated Albanian women and the wide field in which distinction has been won.

The education of the vast majority of Albanian girls is still of a purely domestic character. They take an active part in household duties, and each one also has the important task of getting ready her trousseau. This begins with the spinning and weaving of the various stuffs, cotton, woolen, linen, silk, of which they make a multitude of elaborately embroidered garments. The peasant and country girls generally help also in tending the flocks on the hills, fetch water from the fountains and lead a life of health and industry.

The future of the Albanian women depends largely on the political and religious future of the country. Given an opportunity to develop they will prove to be fine strong women who can take advantage of education.

The American Board sent its first missionaries to Albania in 1907, Rev. and Mrs. Phineas B. Kennedy, who are endeavoring to help the people both by living and doing. They have proved to be most earnest and zealous in their work and their noble efforts will surely be amply rewarded according to God's promises.

There is probably no wider field and greater opportunities open for the Gospel of Christ and more in need of the new life and its blessings than this old race, which has for centuries struggled for better things. Albania now more than ever feels the need of a strong sympathetic friend, while this new era with its overpowering evidences of selfishness, greed and force tramples the rights of the weak.

Who is to be Albania's Good Samaritan? She needs a friend to educate her and to present to her the highest Christian principles, now when she is about to start anew her national life. This great undertaking can be entrusted only to Christian America. Many would not have thought that the simple truths of repentance and salvation could have produced so much intelligence and patriotism as to revolutionize the whole Orient. But this has come about through Christian influence.

What America has done for the women of the other countries Rhould be done for Albania. The seed of righteousness must be sown to give strength of character and purity of ideals on which depend the success and greatness of nations. The unhappy Albanians, trodden down for 500 years, yearn for a spiritual new birth. These people are endowed with characteristics which, if moulded in the right way, will make the nation a power for His glory.

Woman's Christian College

BY REV. A. K. REI SCHAUER, TOKYO, JAPAN Executive Secretary of the Board of Trustees J APAN as a nation believes in education. It is her boast that 98% of the children of primary school age (a. 6 years' course) are in schools. There are almost as many girls as boys in these schools. In Sunday-schools the enrolment is about 330,000 and the ratio between boys and girls is two to one in favor of the boys. In schools above the High School grade the enrolment is something over 50,000. The ratio between men and women in these schools is about forty to one in favor of the men. But this is not all; the government has recently launched a new program for higher education which calls for the establishment of 33 new colleges and the enlargement of existing institutions, entailing the expenditure of millions of yen. Not one of these new schools and not one cent of these n€!W millions is for the higher education of young women. At the same time we must remember that the women of Japan are coming into new prominence in the life of the nation.. The new Woman's Christian Oollege in Tokyo has therefore an opportunity almost unprecedented in the history of Christian education on the mission fields. It would be difficult to find anywhere an investment which promises greater dividends in termR of a better Christian womanhood and purer homes than this inyestment for the Christian education for women leaders of Japan. In the Tokyo Imperial University the student body represents bright and ambitious young women who are destined to be the lead- {'l'S of tomorrow in all walks of life open to women. As a large percentage of them are earnest Christians they represent in a large measnre the hope of Christianity in Japan.

The Woman's Christian College of Japan (Tokyo Joshi Daigaku) isa Union Missionary InstitlJ,tion founded in April, 1918. Its first class opened with an enrolment of 84 students; and the second year enrolment was 153, with 124 other students attending a few lectures each week. The college admits gra!fuates from the J;~ive Year Girls' High Schools to its one year preparatory course. It offers five courses extending over a period of three years, and students who have finished one of these courses may be admitted to the two years' graduate course. The length of the entire course is therefore six years and takes a girl through her 17th year of education. The courses offered at present are five in number, viz.: Liberal Arts, English Language and Literature, Japanese Language and Literature, Social Service and Business. As soon as 786 THE PRESENT BUILJ;lING OF THE WOMAN'S CHRISTIAN COLLEGE. TOKYO the college is housed in permanent quarters it will offer courses also in Science, Ho~sehold Science, Music and probably in Kindergarten Training. The subject of education is given a large place in the curriculum and so a student may prepare herself for teaching in any of the above mentioned lines.

A striking feature of the college is the atmosphere of freedom and friendliness that binds teachers and students together. There is little of that stiff lecture system in ·which the professor does all the talking and the student simply takes notes as in preparation against the evil day of examinations. The students' are constantly urged to do their own thinking and to do much collateral 'reading: Tht) college has cut down the class room hours to 18 or 20 per week, whereas in many government schools for men they run as high as 30 or 32 a week.

Religion has not only a place in the curriculum but a live place in the various activities of the college. About 60% of the students are Christians, and the Social Service course ptomises to be the most popular. This course has already attracted the attention of the Government to such an extent that the Home Department is giving two scholarships of yen 300 each. This is, as far as We know, the only case in which the Impel'ial Government of Japan gives scholarships toa Christian· SC'hoot TheCollege' was founded and is maintained by the following

denominations: Baptist (North), Canadian Methodist, Disciples, Methodist Episcopal (North), Presbyterian (North), Reformed Church in America. The Congregational Church will also be represented in the College in the very near future and two or three others may join.

In America the interests of the college are promoted by a joint committee representing the cooperating denominations. In Japan there is a Board of Trustees consisting of missionaries and Japanese Christians. A Supporters' League has just been formed which consists of the following prominent Japanese: Viscount Koneko (Chairman), Baron Sakatoni, Baron Shikisawa, Baron Kanda, Baron Nakajima, Hon. S. Ebara, Member of the House of Peers; Mr. Inone, President of the Bank of Japan; Mr. Ono, Vice- :President Commercial Bank; Mr. Kushida of the Mitsubishi firm; Messrs. Fukui and Youeyoma of the big Mitsui Company, Mr. Kadono of the Okura Company, and Mr. Nagao of the Imperial Railroad Bureau.

The President of the College is Dr. lnazo Nitobe, one of Japan's leading educators and best known authors. He is also one of Japan's representatives on the secretariat of the League of Nations. The Dean is Miss Tetsu Yosui, an earnest Christian woman who stand in the very front rank of educators. The faculty is composed of excellent teachers, many of the lecturers being professors also. How much will it cost in lives and money to establish this new institution f The College already has attracted to itself a fine group of Christian women and men who are giving the best of their lives to its welfare. Already. the Christians of America are making some rather generous appropriations for carrying on its splendid work, but the institution is housed at present in small rented quarters. It needs an adequate equipment as the first thing. Twenty-three acres ·of land have been purchased at a cost of $135,000. The building program for the next five years calls for the erection of a chapel, library, academic hall, science hall, administrative building, gymnasium, eight dormitories, four residences and some smaller buildings. The CQst of these buildings will be approximately $350,000. Unless there is a drop in the cost of building materials it will not be possible to erect the proper sort of buildings for the amount mentioned.

But whatever the cost may be in lives and money it is plain fhat in the great task of winning Japan for Christ and the Christian way of doing things, an institution like this new college is really indispensable. It is the most effective way in which the Christian womanhood of America can help the womanhood of Japan to achieve all that is best and truest. None of the great problems which face Japan, such for example as the old social evil and the new industrial situation, which crushes its tens of thousands each

CHRISTIAN TRAINING FOR JAPANESE CHILDREN

year, can, hope to find a real solution without the leadership of educated Christian 'Women. The great problem of giving a nation true homes, and not mere houses, will depend for its solution upon Christian women. The standard of the civilization of any nation can be best measured by the place occupied by its women, for they determine largely the atmosphere of the home and so shape the ideals of the next generation. It may be true that women are the weaker sex, but after all the mother determines largely what sort of a man her son will be; and therefore the surest way and the shortest cut to make over a nation is to make over its womanhood.

An institution, therefore, that has not only high educational stand- ards but that is permeated with lofty Christian ideals can not fail to be an immense factor in the rebirth of a great nation. '

A Christian Training for Japanese Children BY HORACE E. COLEMAN, TOKYO, JAPAN Field Secretary for Japan of the World's Sunday School Association T HE coming of the next World's Sunday School Convention to Tokyo will not only be a demonstration of Christianity to the Japanese but will bring to Japan the best opportunity she has ever had for the promotion of Bible study through the Sundayschool. Probably no other nation thinks more of her children than the Japanese, and with some training the young people of Japan make very good Sunday-school workers. You see children everywhere in Japan, and it seems as though we could have a Sunday-school in almost every block if only we had the workers.

The Christian Sunday-school is one of the best means of opening up a new district for evangelistic work, and a splendid way of gaining a vital touch with the homes. For this reason the Sunday-school and other activities for children are often the chief work in a new preaching place. In Kobe there is today a large independent church that has grown up entirely through the development of a little Sunday-school; and from the heginning has had no financial help from foreigners.

The Sunday-school too affords the' best opportunity to make use of volunteer workers. There is in Shikoku a crippled man who was saved from the verge of committing suicide, and has become an earnest Christian. Before he became a Christian, this man thought his life useless; now he is teaching the elements of the Gospel to four or five hundred children and older people every week through Sunday-schools that he sltarted and is carrying on through his own efforts.

The preparations for the World's Sunday School Convention in October has stimulated interest in Sunday-school work all over

BOYS IMITATING BUDI;>HIST FESTIVAI,S IN JAPAN Japan, and we hope that this convention will do much to break down prejudice, and to op~n the door for Sunday-school work. For this larger opportunity we have prepared a forward program to meet the need. This program calls for equipment for the Summer Training School at Karuizawa, enrolling on the average about one hundred earnest Sunday-school workers from all parts of Japan. A Japanese business man, not a Christian, has already given the land needed for a lecture hall and four dormitories. J;-'our new secretaries are also called for to take charge of special features of the work-one to develop the elementary department, and one man and one woman to work for the young people's department for boys and girls. A strong man is also required to devote his attention to the adult department and teacher training. With such additional secretaries we can train those who shall have charge of these departments in the Christian schools all over Japan, besides training men and women as teachers and officers in the Sunday schools of the country.

The World's Sunday School Convention in Tokyo will bring hundreds of delegates to Japan who 'will see the great opportunity and we are hoping and praying that their intelligent interest will make possible a great development of the work in the next few years.

CANTON RIVER FRON'!' AND rl'S BOAT

The Work of Canton Christian Collcg-e BY MAHLON H, DAY, NEW YORK CI'I'Y Home Secretary for Canton Christian College ·AN'I;ON is the metropolis of Kwangtung, a province with a population of thirty million people, and famous for its polit- Cical, commercial and industrial leadership. In education this province has been backward. With a population of eight or ten millions between the ages of six and twenty there are only about 210,000 pupils in primary schools. Canton Christian College, founded by Dr. A. P. Happel', of the American Presbyterian'Mission, is the. only school in K wangtung which is doing full College work.

Canton itself is a city of approximately two million people, and ·students come there not only from the province of which it is the capital but from other provinces, from the Straits Settlements, and even from Australia and New Zealand. When we consider the contiguous territory it is not too much to say that this college is in a position to serve the needs of 50 million people! one-eighth 791

of the entire population of China, and equal to nearly one-half that of the United States.

The opportunity of Canton Christian College is to be measured not simply by the numbers of the population but by the character of its students. One of the pro- fessors of Columbia University after a trip to the mission fields said, "Very few missionary c{)l- leges seemed to me to have the quality of students you are se- curing. An American, resident in North China for thirty years, writes: "The Cantonese among whom you are working are bright- tr and mentally more alert than any other section of the Chinese popUlation. They are now play- ing an important part in the mod- ernization of the country and are destiIl{ d to playa still larger part in the future." De. Henry li'owlcr who is familiar with all parts of China says, "The South- DR. A. P. HAPPER, ern student is proverbially in- Founder of Canton Christian College telligent and the College has choice material on which to WILLIAM HENRY GRANT work." These statements from S~cr~tary of Trustet:s of Canton Christian College men who are familiar with China give some idea of the quality of the students with whom the College works. To train such students is to affect the future of China and the world.

The first thing that marks Canton Christian College as an unusual institution is the rapidity of its growth. Its inception dates from 1884 when Dr. Andrew P. Happer received a petition signed by mon~ than four hundred leading Chinese asking that a Oollegl: be started at Call1ton. Little real progress was made however until 1904 when work was begun on the present site. fn

THE WORK OF CANTON CHRISTIAN COLLE:GE

February of that year four teachers, two of whom-C. K. Ed- munds,now president, and H. B. Graybill, now Professor of Education and Principal of the Middle School-are still with the College, came from Macao where the institution had moved on ac- count of the Boxer uprising, camped in a small house boat and surveyed the tract of land that had b~en seeured as a site for the College. In September of that year work was begun. In a re- port covering the fifteen years on the present location President Edmunds said, "Perhaps the most striking feature of the in- stitution since 1904 has been the rapidity of its growth. The campus has increased from thirty acres to over one hundred and thirty; two long wooden bunga- lows which provided shelter for the whole institution in the first years are now supplemented not only by a score of other tempor- DR. C. K. EDMUNDS, PRESIDENT ary buildings, many of which are Canton Christian Collere DR. WING ,(WONG CHUNG of brick, but by twenty-five per- Vice-President for Chin~se Affairs manell t fire-resisting and ant- proof buildings, with five more in course of construction. The stu- dent body has grown from sixty to six hundred and the staff from six Americans and six Chinese to thirty-one Americans, two Brit- ish, and fifty one Chillese (not counting wives who do not teach). The budget of current expenses has risen from twenty thom;and dollars (Hong-kong currency) to over two ·hundred thousand dol- lars annually."

Even these enthusiastic figures do not fully represent the pres- ent situation. Since that r eport was written several acres have been added to the campus, four other buildings have been COlli-

pleted, making thirty-four permanent buildings, which with the twenty temporary ones, make a total of fifty-four buildings. At the present time three staff residences and three village houses, two workmen's barracks, a student store, and a pier at the river front are in process of construction. The Chinese have contributed $50,000 toward a seventy-five thousand dollar secondary school building. The Silk 'Association of America has recently raised the money for a building for silk culture. The growth of the student body and staff is keeping pace with the growth in buildings.

The second thing that marks Canton Christian College as an unusual institution is its hold upon the Chinese. Even though the College has an American Board of Trustees it enjoys an increasing support from the Chinese. This is shown not only in their personal interest, in their willingness to send their sons and daughters to the College, but by their financial support. The. relationship between the College and the Chinese community is most cordial. q Ling Naam" is known far and wide among the Chinese. Leading Chinese, including officials, are frequent visitors. On the occasion of the recent anniversary there were forty-five hundred guests on the campus.

Many Americans seem to have the idea that education is being forced upon the Chinese and that in order to get them to attend a Christian school it is nec€ssary to offer the courses free. Nothing could be farther from the truth. Students at Canton Christian College pay tuition the equivalent of that paid by students in the best American colleges. The College received last year (1919- 1920) more than one hundred and fifty-six thousand dollars (Hongkong currency) in tuition and other fees from students, which is more than two-thirds of the entire running expense of the imrtitution.

But Chinese participation is not limited to student fees. They are contributing generously to the support of the institution. The Chinese gifts for the year 1918 amounted to $103,006, including $7,106 contributed by the Chinese in America. Of the permanent buildings the Chinese have given the five large dormitories, four of the elementary school buildings, the College infirmary, and the. guest house. Of the $162,000 to be spent for new buildings during 1920, $103,500 is from Chinese sources. We believe this record to be unique not only for China but for similar institutions on any mission field.

The third thing that characterizes Canton Christian College is its educational standards. Thirty-five years ago, when Canton Christian College was conceived, comparatively few believed in Missionary Colleges. To be an advocate of this policy and to attempt to put it into practice required both faith andc6urage. THE ADMINISTRATION BUILDING, CANTON CHRISTIAN COLLEGE Canton Christian College was founded upon the idea that well educated Christian leaders are needed to help usher in the new day.

Believing in the educational method, Canton Chdstian College has insisted upon high educational standards. It has believed that the surest way to reach and hold the Chinese was by doing an honest piece of educational work. It has, therefore, insisted that a complete Elementary School course should precede entrance to the Secondary School, that only graduates of an accredited Secondary School should be allowed to enter the College without conditions, and that a full list of college students must be studied before degrees were granted.

By adopting this course Canton Christian College has been accredited by the Association of American Universities, so that its students can enter corresponding classes in the leading American colleges and its graduates can enter, without examination, the professional schools of American Universities. To do work of equal grade with colleges in America is not an easy task, and that it is being done in spite of all the difficulties is greatly to the credit of the institution. It is also one of the chief reasons for the faith which the Chinese have in the College. But above all, the policy has been approved by the spiritual results. The College believes that education is the surest guarantee of an intelligent faith, a sub- ~tantial Christian character, and a life of real usefulness. By this method it has been able to gain the confidence of the Chinese and thus to give Christianity standing and make all Christian work easier. As Bishop A. T. Howard, D. D., has said, "I appreciate fery much the extent and especially the quality of work being done 1n Canton Christian College. The college .is making a very great (lontribution to the uplift of all South China."

A fourth thing that marks Canton Christian College as an unrumal institution is the Christian spirit and work of the College. Some have reared that a college founded on a non-denominational basis might not .IPaintain its evangelical character. The fact is that the Christian atmosphere at the college is a most striking feature. pro Sherwood Eddy, on the occasion of his recent visit to China, paid glowing tribute to what Canton Christian College was doing religiously for its students. Rev. George H. McNeur, for twenty ~ears a missionary at Canton, said recently: "I have followed the history of Canton Christian College with increasing admiration, I like the splendid way in which the "Christian" in the name has been justified. I appreciate the way in which your council and faculty-both Chinese and foreign-have sought to make the College subservient to the building of a Christian Church in Kwangtung. "

The doors of the College are open to all students qualified by character and attainment to enter, irrespective of religious belief. Christian instruction, however, is a part of the regular curriculum in all grades; daily chapel and weekly Sunday-school and preaching services are held. Though comparatively few students are Christian when they come, at least ninety per cent of those who stay two years or more voluntarily become Christians. In recent years from seventy-five to one hundred students have each year made public profession of faith in Christ.

The Student Christian Association furnishes a channel through which the students give practical expression to their religious life. The students raise twenty-five hundred dollars each year. They carryon a school for farm children, a night school for workmen and· servants, and, under the direction of the girl students of the College, four village girls' schools. In these extension schools there are 250 pupils. They have a Sunday-school for each of these groups. In addition they maintain a room in one of the villages which is run as a social center. Preaching bands go out each SUhday. Last summer the students had a leading part in the Daily Vacation Bible School Movement which has just been launched at Canton, and which bids fair to be a large factor in that vicinity. I know of no American College where there is such a normal, wholesome religious atmosphere, where so large a propor-

THE WORK OF CANTON CHRISTIAN COLLEGE

STUDENTS OF THE DEPT. OF ARTS AND SCIENCES, CANTON CHRISTIAN <;:OLI.EGE tion of students are won to Christ, or where the students them- selves are doing such practical and efficient Christian work.

Canton Christian College is an evangelical but a non-sectarian, Christian institution. It is org.!lnized under the laws of the State of New York ·and grants degrees by authority of the Board of Regents. Its affairs are managed hy an independent Board of Trustees with offices in New York City and by a Council on the field. The Board of Trustees and the Advisors of the. College are composed of a number of well-known men of various denomina- tions. The Baptist, Congregational, Episcopalian, Lutheran, Methodist, Presbyterian and United Brethren Churches and the Society of Friends are represented on the teaching' staff. '

Canton Christian College, being an . independent ,institution, is not financed by the denominational boards as such. The London Missionary Society maintains a man on the staffb'ut is the only Board that now has any financial responsibility in the work. The College is supported partly P..Y money received from tuitio:rt 'i~('ls, partly by gifts from the Chine,se all,d partly fr<?m fund$/~op- ,tributed, chiefly by Americans~iIiterested in ChrisWm educ'at'ionin China. The work : of,; the College: has appe~dedii!tx)': ·'111)) Aincreasing

constituency. Eight American colleges-:-Columbia, Kansas State, Pennsylv~nia, Penn State; University of Pittsburgh, Williams, Washington and Lee, and Vassar are helping to support representatives on the staff at Canton as their contribution to education in China.

. While Canton Christian College has had a wonderful growth it has not been able to keep pace with either the needs or the opportunities. Every availabl~ class room and laboratory is crowded.

China is the strategic mission field. No other country at the present time offers such large returns for the Kingdom of God. China can be made modern and Christian, and can become a great ;force for righteousness and for the peace of the world. Every Christian desire to spread Christian liberty and truth in the Far :East, evp.ry wish to secure the welfare of mankind, as well as every deRire to establish the Kingdom of Christ, all these motives urge upon Christians everywhere to help Canton Christian College in its great work for the redemption of China.

M0 ,..

.-I o~· AR~AS S~RV~D BY .THF; CHRISTIAN .COI,I,~GF;S It. CHINA

China's Need of

BY DR. CHENG CHING YI, SHANGHAI Secretary of the "China for Christ Movement"

I T WAS a challenge to faith when Morrison came to preach the Gospel to the people of this land over a century ago, when China was absolutely closed to the Christian religion and foreign intercourse. It was faith that encouraged that man of God to move forward in spite of untold opposition and difficulties.

That faith has honored God and, what is more, God has honored that faith tOO!

It is also a challenge to faith today, but in a larger measure, for us who are called of God to take part in the great divine task of leading men to Christ, when both the country and the hearts of the people are widely open to receive the glad tidings which the Christian messenger has to bring to them.

To neglect such a Divine call is a sin, and to shrink from such a great responsibility is unpatriotic on the part of subjects of the Kingdom of God.

Pardon me for putting it so bluntly. I am convinced that this is a time of times; this is the day of the Lord; and the doors of opportunity are clearly maJ;ked with the word" PUSH!"

Dr. Eddy was right when he said, during his recent visit to China, that "politically China has never been so dark as it is today, but spiritually never so bright."

In speaking of the Christian opportunity in China we are not unconscious of the difficulties and drawbacks and even the dangers that confront the infant Christian Church in this country; how largely the Church is still dependent upon foreign friends for financial support; how meagre is our Church leadership; what inadequate provision we have for training men and women for the work (jf the ministry; how pathetic it is that at least half of our Christians cannot have direct access to the Word of God because of their inability to read; how little we really know of the deep things of God; how small is still the influence of the Christian Church upon society and the nation; and how few are definitely and constantly serving the Lord and their fellow men with a pure motive, an unselfish aim and a sacrificial spirit. For all these shortcomings we bow our heads before the Lord with true humility and deep sorrow.

At the same time we cannot close our eyes to the fact that the Church is facing today an unparalleled opportunity such as it has •At the China·for·Christ Conference recently held in Shanghai, more than a hundred missionaries and Chinese Christian. launched the China·for·Christ movement. Dr. ChenK Chin.. YI, Secretar,. of the China Continuation C()mmitteo;.. struck the keynote in a &'Teat speech which Ihould be re.d ear… fully by every Christian. Dr. .-hen.. was later selected as ..eneral .ecretlLr7 of the Chin.·f….. Christ movement.

never had before-certainly not in the time of the opening of the ports for commercial intercourse with foreign nations j nor in the time of the formation of the Republic which has so recently taken place.

Why is the Christian Church in need of such a movement at the present time?

,/First, because there is an unusual willingness on the part of the more enlightened classes outside of the Christian Church to study and investigate Christian truth. Many have realized that the nation is desperately in need of help and guidance which can be supplied by Christianity alone. There is hope in Christianity because it has a living Lord, Jesus Christ.

Many men of education are coming to the Christian Church to study the Word of God, and are even willing to identify themselves with the Christian Church. Man after man who used to despise Christianity and would not even glance at its printed pages is now coming to regard it as the hope for China.

On the one hand you have those deeply interested in Christianity, who entertain large hopes in Christ for the saving of the nation, while on the other there are loud voices of protest against the Divine Son of God. It means-at least so it seems to me-two things.

In the first place, it shows the restlessness and discontent of men's souls; longing for something, or someone, that can put China's house in order. In the second place, it shows that the influence of Christianity is being felt and recognized by men who have the love of their country at heart.

The second reason why we need a great forward movement is because there is a readiness for action, for service, and even for sacrifice, within the Christian Church today.

One may safely say that the Chinese Christians have never been so willing and ready to take part in the divine task of serving their fellowmen and of extending the Kingdom of God on earth.

(1) Whatever form this work may take it must certainly be a spiritual movement.

Deep down in the hearts of men the greatest need is a spiritual one. Many methods have been tried to satisfy that need and have failed. The Christian Church is essentially a spiritual institution. Every activity of the Church should be the expression of its spiritual nature and such alone can satisfy the deepest need of the world today.

(2) Next in importance is that whatever form it may take the movement should be launched at once. We are facing an unusual opportunity"that demands prompt action. "Strike while the iron is hot" shciuld be applied to the present situation.

CHINA'S NEED OF CHRIST

DR. CHENG CHING·YI Secretary j)f China Continuation Committee and Leader of "China for" Christ Movement"

We cannot afford to lose time, or be absorbed in non-essential things. Things are moving rapidly and they call for an immediate movement on the part of all the Christian forces in China.

(3) In the next place it is essential that whatever form this movement may take it should be a movelllentthat is capable of being carried through. I mean b)' that, that whatever form it may take iT should certainly not be a mere paper scheme, ot empty talk~ which does not lead us very far. . ' . '. '. ' . ' . . . ' (4) Whatever formihe moven)~mF'may)'tak~ it'should' be a

Chinese movement; a movement that aims at the developing of the Chinese Church. " ""

Foreign missions in China are the scaffolding and the Church the permanent building itself. It is not a day too soon to begin to lay more emphasis on the strengthening of the Church, so that in all our policy and· work it shall be Church-centric rather than mission-centric.

What then are some of the urgent and concrete things which should be taken up by the Christian Church in such a forward movement?

There is the appalling fact that at least half of the members of the Christian Church in China today cannot get direct access to the Word of God, not because of unwillingness but because of ina- bility. The Bible is not an open book to them because of illiteracy.

What a hindrance to progress and advancement in one's spiritual life!

Furthermore the question of illiteracy is not merely a Church question j it is a question of the nation as well. It thrills one's imagination with joy to think what a great object-lesson it would be to the whole nation if the Christian Church can, after a given period of time, declare to the non-Christian world that all of the 400,000 Christians in China can read and write!

We value highly the generous and sacrificial spirit of our friends abroad in thus trying to help the work in our country. We need all the money and men they have asked for and a good deal more, but on one condition, and that is that we should at the same time make the spiritual life of the Chinese Church rise to the occasion that will put her in a position to meet the unusual situa- tion.

We can readily see what a power for good such gifts will mean to us, yet at the same time" we must, as soon as possible, realize our .own obligation and shoulder our own responsibility according to the light that has come to us from above.

Again we are facing the important question of securing men and women of the right type for the Christian ministry. What can be done in this matter more than has already been done1 Let us mention a few of our needs at the present time in this direction. The securing of more men and women for direct evange- listic work is our first need j the securing of men and women of the right type who are willing to put themselves either upon the field for service, or the altar for sacrifice, is our second need; the pro- viding of efficient institutions for such purposes is our third need; the safeguarding of the integrity pi the Word of God is our :fourth need. How to meet these needs is a problem that requires careful consideration. Then there is the ever abiding prineip~ of the Christian

Church rea<;hing out to those in the regions beyond. The growth of the Church is measured by its missionary spirit and a<;tivity. The Christian must come out of the narrow and somewhat selfish con- ception of caring only for the Church with which he or she is con- nected.

If reference here is only made to the work of the Yunnan Mis- sion it is simply because this is better known to the present speaker.

Similar incidents can no doubt be cited in connection with the work of other home mission movements.

Since the commencement of the Yunnan Mission, a year ago, the Christians of many provinces have taken a very keen interest in it, and even friends abroad have shown their interest in the wGrk by rendering practical help to the movement. About $10,000 has been given to the work, nearly all of which came from Chinese sources.

There is also the great realm of Christian work on social and moral welfare questions. What does Christian citizenship mean 1 What is the contribution of Christianity to the social and moral welfare of the people T Where does the Christian Church stand in relation to social principles 1 What should be the voice of the Christian Church in regard to social sins 1 What remedies has it to offerT What obligations have we, as Christians, in the better- ment of the social life of our people 1 Are we prepared to uphold the truth, attack the evil, and up-lift the down trodden 1 What are our limitations and what are our possibilities 1 * • * * ~ The whole of the Christian propaganda is the greatest ad- venture in the world.

Are we bold enough to face the difficult situation? Under such circumstances are we daring enough to capture the unparalleled opportunity in taking China for Christ? Are we brave enough to tackle the humanly speaking impossible task, relying on the assur- ance that there is nothing impossible with God? Are we determined to act in accordance with the times and do our utmost to win China for the Lord 1 My heart is burning within me. The thought of a failure on our part to rise to the occasion for a forward, immediate, nation- wide, spiritual movement makes me shudder.

Look wherever you like, such a definite step must be taken.

Look at the compassionate Lord on high; look at the opposing forces below; look at the needs of our fellow men around us; and look at the personal obligation within us, and there seems to be no way out of it. We are in it, all of us, and no backing out is pos- sible. Let us rise up to the call and, in the power of the Lord of Hosts, attempt the impossible thing, seeing, in the near future; Christ for China and China for Ohrist.

Soul of the

BY BISHOP HUGH L. BURLESON, SOUTH DAKOTA Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church for South Dakota I T IS a very audacious white man who attempts to speak about the soul of the Indian, and yet perhaps after thirty years in more or less close contact with Indian life-because my father wa,s a missionary on an Indian reservation, and it is almost thirty years ago that I was adopted into an Indian tribe, and I have two Indian' names, and am the bishop of more Indians than all the other bishops of the Episcopal Church put together-because of these things I may feel privileged, perhaps, to delve into the habit, life and thought of the first Americans.

Most of us realize how prone we are to judge other people by our own background and our own framework. I believe therein lies the failure of a good deal of our missionary work. W'e are condescending to people; we are passing them something from a superior height; we who know so much, and are so much, and have so much, are handing it down to somebody less fortunate. All that may be true, but the trouble is that we want to hand down not only the facts, but our interpretation of the facts. We want people not only to take Christianity, but to take the same brand, color, kind and complexion that we have ourselves discovered; and if they fail, we feel there must be something wrong with them. We have tried by governmental processeS' t,o make just a fair average white man out of the Indian. We have not succeeded, I am glad to say, and I hope we never shall, because to try to make a white man out of an Indian is to spoil a perfectly good Indian without making a very satisfactory white man. The same situation exists with regard to the Negro. In other words, we have our own racial way of understanding things, and we must remember, when we are thinking of other races, to think of them in terms of their own surroundings, their own experience and their own ideals of life. The misunderstandings between the Go'Vernment and Indian peoples, the misunderstandings between the Indian peoples and their white neighbors, have largely been a matter of this lack of orientation, this inability to know 'what the other man is thinking about, and why he thinks· as he: ,does. Back of the' things that seem unintelligible to'us, there is' in the Indian a different quality of soul, aoifferent.rattitude toward 'life, ;a differing coricept of things.

When I·· became 18;' Secretary of our Board of Missions, one of set ;he first thing~d had to do was to go' oveir OUr lantern slides, which were sent out free,'rimd iI tackled the on the Indians: ,jOf course it began with a picture of a! war dance':";";"a very poor picture of' a 804 very impossible W8:r dance, but it served the purpose of opening up the subject-and then pretty soon it passed to another picture; two pictures on the same slide, with the legend" before and after." One was the Indian before Christianity had touched him and the other after the light had reached him. The picture representing the Indian before Christianity showed a tepee out on the Dakota prairies, with an Indian squaw splitting wood near the door of the tepee, while in the background an Indian sat smoking his pipe. The after-Christianity view was a picture of an Indian family crossing a river, the woman sitting in the stern of the boat, the man pulling the oars. That was the effect of Christianity upon Indian life! It made the man get up, lay down his pipe and row his wife across the river! I broke that slide, then and there. In the first place, it was pitiful comparison even if true-and it was not true. It was based entirely on our conception of a division of domestic service-the kind of thing a man ought to do, and the sort of thing that seems a woman's task. It had nothing whatever to do with the Christian faith. It would be just as sensible to show an Irishman smoking his pipe in the kitchen while his wife washed the dishes. In the Indian conception of life there is no more reason for the first than for the second. It is merely a question of customs and conventions. It is through that kind of picture and that sort of background that we have interpreted the soul of the Indian. So many times we have taken some little, inconspicuous, unnecessary thing, that was not related to the real, deep questions involved, and have' made it the basis upon which we judge a whole race. Or we have taken something which to us meant one thing and to the Indian another, and have based our judgment on that.

In the soul of the Indian, as I have seen it-and some of them have let me look,-I find qualities which aTe at first sight surprising.

First, I believe the Indian is far more naturally religious than the white man. I think the Almighty God has His hardest job with the Anglo-Saxon race. It is awfully hard for us to be really religious. It is hard to be a Christian in New York. It is hard anywhere. Yet one reason why the Indian is a naturally religious person is because he does not live in New York. He is out on the plains, living the life of the open, the life of God's big world, under the free sky and on' the broad prairie; and it is so much easier to believe in God when you are in His home than when you are separated from Him by scores of secondary causes. It is a great deal easier to believe in the cow when you see her milked than if you get your milk from the milkman. We are living in a wilderness of brick and mortar, and in the midst of a mass of machinery set up to make life good. The Indian is nearer the deep springs. of life, and he realizes that back of them are eternal purposes and

eternal love; And so perhaps it is not because he is of a different nature that he is naturally religious, but· because he has the simpler surroundings which we cannot have. Yet I think that there is an instinctive spirit of religion in the Indian people. I have never seen an Indian who was not a believer in God. Yet we think of going to the Indian as a heathen race. They have had God always, in their daily life. The God they believed in was the Great Spirit. When the Indian went out of the door of his tepee in the morning, he said his prayer to the Spirit who sent the sun; when he smoked his pipe he raised it to the four quarters of the globe and murmured a prayer to the Spirit who sent him the good things of life. Most of the Indian dances that we talk about had a religious significance. Religion went along with the experiences of his life. God was near by. So the first thing I find in the soul of the Indian is a very simple disposition to believe in God, to accept the concept of the spiritual back of the material.

Then, perhaps because of that, perhaps as a part of it, the next thing in the Indian soul that I see is sensibility-a keen quickness of perception of the relations and the portent of things. People think that an Indian is stolid and stupid; that he does not smile, and cannot laugh, and does not discriminate. It is Anglo- Saxon dullness and stupidity that makes us believe that. I am constantly impressed with the thought that they must be laughing at us for understanding them so little. You know how you thought about an Indian in the days when you read the United States history. The Indian was, to you, a sort of tiger, a person of tremendous, tireless patience and relentless cruelty; a beast of prey, not a human being. I remember, as I read the stories of him, how I admired him, as I would some stealthy panther; a splendid thing, but an inhuman thing. Well, the Indian conducted warfare according to his fashion, but I had a letter from one of our Sioux boys, one of a fine group of Indians, who had gone over with the army to France, and he gave a suggestive comment on modern warfare. He said: "I try to do everything they tell me, but some of it seems awful bloodthirsty!" The Indians volunteered far more generously and promptly than the white boys. Not a single district that included an Indian reservation in South Dakota had to resort to the draft, because the Indian boys volunteered so promptly. The first soldier of South Dakota to receive a decoration in France was Chauncey Eagle-Horn, who afterwards gave his life for his country and lies under one of those wooden crosses in France. He was a son of men who fought against our own flag under Red Cloud and Sitting Bull.

Yet, we have thought of the Indian as a stupid, a stolid, an inhuman thing. The Indian in warfare was only trying to defend himself. Put yourself in his place. Think what your soul would

",. THE SOUL OF THE INDlAN 1IJJ1

have been under the same circumstances. We thought of him as a dull person, of small understanding, when all the- time we have been dull ourselves. The Indian's problem is you and me. He can be whatever you and I think he can be. His capacities are fine, but they do not find an outlet unless we believe in him.

Remember what we have done to him in S()merespects. There is the matter of our translation of his language. Some instances of our interpretation of his names will point a moral.. How about, "Young-Man-Afraid-of-His-Horse1" There is stupidity, not in the man who chose the name, but in the white man who made the translation. This was a young warrior of such valor and dauntlessness that the enemy was afraid, not only of him, but even of his horse when it appeared on the horizon. There is some sense in that. Yet the white man called him "Young-Man-Afraid-of-His-Horse."

Another example: A Chippewa chief lies buried on a reservation in Minnesota, and the stone over his grave bears the name "Hole-in-the-Day." Silly, absolutely.siUyl Again the misunder* standing white man. "Hole-in-the-Day" was the son of a young Chippewa chief who started on the warpath against my people, the Dakotas. He had been married but a few months to his young bride and he wished to make a splendid record as a leader. It was the first time he had led the war party, and he led with courage and strategy, but adventured himself so bravely, that the whole party came back victorious but brought their dead chief with them. Shortly afterward the son was born, and his mourning mother called him, "Rift-in-the-Cloud." It is a picture-name. A long dark day of cloud and rain, and shadow and sobbing trees i then, just as the sun sets, its rays break through a rift in the cloud and shine out across the plain. The little lad was a rift in the cloud of her sorrow and we called him "Hole-in-the-Day." And when he was dead, we put a two-ton monument on him and wrote '"' Hole-in-the- Day" on that. Such is our white stupidity.

Thirty years ago my father Was a missionary on the Oneida reservation. I had a little sister, whose blue eyes and golden hair and sunny, sweet disposition completely won the hearts of the Indians. They gave her the name of Gajajawox. I tried to find out what it meant, but the old Indian smiled and shook his head, and said "No put in white man talk." The words did not fit, you see. Again it was a picture. We do not call things by pictures, we call them by names of so many letters. We have a very stiff and definite way of calling things, but the Indian draws a picture for a name. The picture they thought of in connection with my little sister was this: the wind blowing over a field of flowers and bringing you the perfume as it came-the perfume of flowers borne on the summer breeze. Well, we would not have thought of a name like that and the white man, if she had been an Indian maiden1

would have called her, "Smell-on-the-Breeze!" It is impossible for us to give an accurate interpretation of that Mohawk name, and we are unable to get at the sensibilities, and the artistic touch, and the conceptions of beauty and of order that lie in the soul of the Indian. But let us believe in these things, for they are there.

The next thing which I find in the soul of the Indian is some- tbing which we are trying to recognize and minister to, but which we should ha.ve recognized sooner. Deep down in the soul of the Indian, as in the white man, there is a real ambition, a desire for leadership, a wish to do and to accomplish. In many ways still it is the undeveloped desire of a child, and he does not know just what it is he longs for, but the Indian wants to lead, and we have not been quick enough in giving him leadership. That, perhaps, is one of our common failures in missionary policy among foreign people. For the Indian problem is a foreign problem, and labor in the Dakotas is a good preparation for work in China or Japan. We have hrsitated to give responsibility. We have felt that the white man must hold things in his own hands. We have not been willing to trust God with the souls of other people. We have wanted to keep a little hold on them ourselves. We were not quite confident that the riches of the Gospel could be trusted with these people unless we WfTe nearby to help them understand. Yet they will get a different message from ours. God never speaks in the same terms to two human souls, nor to two different races. We must not be afraid to develop their sense of leadership.

I am thankful that I have inherited the wise leadership of a great man. I am a small person standing in the light of a great name. William Herbert Hare was the first bishop of South Dakota and the greatest friend of the Indian in the middle West. He had two convictions with which he began his work, and which he felt were absolutely necessary to success. The first was of the necessity of education. He founded schools, and the most helpful Indian men and women that I have today were educated in these early mission schools of Bishop Hare. Secondly, he believed that you cannot fully and permanently evangelize a people except through men of their own race; you cannot hand down religion as we have sometimes done, saying: "I am the man between these peoples and God." We must introduce Jesus Christ to his own, and let His Spirit work in them. Yet we have feared to trust the fidelity and intelligence of these people, and have not utilized the Indian c:::pacity for leadership. One present and immediate need is to develop leadership among the young people. The desire is there, the ahility is there; it must be trained and carefully handled, but it can he developed. There are twenty-two Indian priests and deacons in South Dakota, and seventy men who serve in a lay ministry. Three- fourths of the services held in our ninety chapels are conducted by

THE SOUL OF THE INDIAN

laymen. What would happen if we were to ask our laymen in the white field to render such service. The Indian is naturally religious, he does not think it remarkable to talk about religion, he discusses it as he would his crops. One is as real to him as the other, and as important. Yet we find it so hard to talk about these things naturally. An Indian man will stand up and make an address with all the simplicity and dignity and directness that you can imagine. He may be totally uneducated, but he can tell you in an effective way what religion means to him. So leadership is possible among the Indians and leadership in religion is already developed.

And then, down in the soul of the Indian, besides these things, I think there is the ability to stand fast; the integrity, the fundamental something that lies at the roots of a race which can be trusted; that something in human character to which you pin your faith. It is in the Indan people. It shows in their self-respect, in their dignity of procedure, in their courtesy towards others. I am sometimes a little ashamed of the attitude of white men toward Indians, in contrast with the courtesy of the Indians toward th('ir white guests. I take people out occasionally to see my Dakotas. They are good people, Christian people, and yet one could see they felt as though they were going to a circus to see the animals. But did my Indian people fail to show courtesy and dignity and respect to them ~ Not at all. These things are fundamental in the Indian character. You never saw an Indian who was knowingly grotesque, or absurd, or foolish, or lacking in self-respect.

In the soul of the Indian are deep principles of character, tremendous possibilities of life and service that very few of us understand because we have approached life from a different angle. '1'he angle is this: The Indian is a natural communist. By which I mean that the Indian thinks in terms of his group. The ,,,hite man always thinks of himself first and his group last. We approach things from the view-point of the individual. The Indian's point of view is that of the group; his relation to and his responsibilty for the group. He thinks in group terms. He has a socialized concept of life. Society has been a definite thing to which he was responsible. The family life and the tribe have an immediate bearing upon all his actions.

Many of the things that we cannot understand are explained by this truth. The only missionary of the Episcopal Church in South Dakota ever killed by Indians was a white priest. He was shot by two Indians who had never seen him before, and to whom he had done no wrong. Apparently an utterly criminal murdersimply the bloodthirsty desire to kill! What other explanation could there be 1 So the white man writes the histories, and this is the answer he gives. Nobody excuses that act. But it was COIll-

mitted by two Indian men who had received a very terrible wrong at the hands of a white man. In their rebellion of soul they swore that when they got out of jail, where the white man had finally landed them, they would kill the first white man they met. Was a there no excuse for them 7 None, except that back irt their con- sciousness was a sense of the responsibility of group for the actions of the individuals who compose it.. They held the white group responsible for the white man's sin. That was a part of their past history. They were unjustified, of course, but back of their act was a deep-rooted sense of justice,-perverted, mistaken, but growing out of a communal sense of society's responsibility for those who compose it. They viewed the matter from a side exactly opposite to ours. They had no quarrel with the individual, they simply believed they were avenging a wrong that had been done to them by white men. Just bear that in mind in your judgments of the Indian peoples. Remember that we are approaching the problems of life from the opposite angle, and that a great many of the things which to us appear strange and unaccountable and wrongside-out, may be explained if you will remember that the Indian is the product of a communized social order, and we are the product of an individualized social order.

Take the thriftlessness in the old days. Then a man would go out, be successful in his hunting, and eat up what he had killed all in one day. Wastefulness we call it; and in a way that is true. But the point was this: he brought in his deer or his buffalo, took what was necessary for his family, and then anybody in the group could come and take what he needed. The hunter did not feel that success had come to him and to him alone. He did not say, "Go to, I must store this up for my owp family in the days to come. " He held that he had had success for the sake of the group, and that it was theirs as much as it was his.

Of course, the Indian must learn some new viewpoints if he is going to compete with the white man in civilized life. He must be able to meet the white man on his own ground. But it is hard to make an Indian believe that mere possession of a thing constitutes an absolute ownership, if someone needs it more than he-and I do not know but that he is right.. Indeed, I hope we are in the way of re-adjusting some of our ideas of society and of economics a little more to the vision of the i30ql of my brother, the Indian.

A GROUP OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS AND A

Korean Christians in Advefsity* BY REV. SAMUEL A. MOFFETT, D. D., PYENG YANG, KOREA The phenomenally rapid spread and development of Christianity in Korea might easily suggest a "mushroom" growth that was neither solid nor permanent. Mass movements are always liable to suspicion, a suspicion, by the way, which is no monopoly of the people in the home lands. Indeed, it is this suspicion that has made missionaries exercise the greatest caution in regard to the baptizing of professing believers. We need not be ashamed of the product of our thirty-five years' work of Christian Missions in Korea, in quality any more than in numbers.

The Korean Church has always been composed of Bible-reading and praying Christians, but the real test of allegiance and fidelity is shown only by the amount one will suffer and sacrifice for a person or cause, and the difficulties one will overcome to practice a principle or belief.

Among the political prisoners now confined in various places in Korea are many Christians. Although some of these Christians are officers of the church, ranking all the way from ordained pastors down to a leader of a small group, yet there are enough other Christians among them to justify the statement that they constitute a fairly representative body of Christians as they are found in the thirteen provinces of the peninsula. These imprisoned men, far from denying their Lord, seem rather to have their ·Condensed from "The KDrea Mission Field.'· 811

spiritual lives deepened and their zeal quickened with every trial and difficulty borne. They have sung and prayed in prison, individually or in groups, silently or audibly, with or without hymn-books and Bibles according to the will of the officers in charge of the particular prisons. Prayer, however conducted, is a great comfort and strength to the men. The "Communion of Saints" is a reality to these men in prison; the spiritual communion in prayer with Christ uniting them in spiritual bonds with all Christians in Korea and throughout the world.

In some of the prisons regular organized Bible-study classes are conducted having a leader (often a pastor or elder. well fitted to instruct), an outlined course of study, and a scheduled time for study and prayer. Though the men cannot assemble for this class, they learn much and derive much good from knowing that they are doing the same thing at the same time. How do they get information to each other? How did the prisonen in the Leavenworth prison communicate with one another before the strike? There seems to be a way where there is a will.

In one prison, by permission of the Japanese officers, over one hundred men have Bible study and prayer each day under the leadership of a pastor. In another prison, some two hlndred prisoners have prayer together, even the non-Christians joining reverently with the others at the hour of daily prayer. Reports of conversions are frequent.

Perhaps the most remarkable periods of worship are the inaudible praise services held in prisons where any other kind are impossible. A hymn is selected and all sing in unison, but not a sound goes forth, only the ear of the Lord hears the praise as it ascends from reverent hearts in the prison cells.

The significance of this praying of the Christians is not alone in the fact that they pray-the way they pray is of still greater importance. Theirs is no mere "saying of prayers." It is real wrestling with God; importunate pleading that works effectually irl God's universe. It is reported that when the men are holding silent prayer, on several occasions the intercessors have been so far carried away by their zeal and earnestness as actually to forget where they were and the necessity for praying silently, and burst forth into audible petition and praise. They were not long in discovering their mistake, but the fact that they can forget, when the consequences are likely to be anything but pleasant, shows how these men really commune in heavenly places in the spirit, if not in the flesh. The personal testimony of one of these men describes his experience during devotion in one of the prisons where groups were permitted to have audible prayer: "They seem as if they had been with God. The prayer of one of them during an early morning hour took us into the very presence of God and kept us there. All day long we experienced no hunger for food of any sort, save that which was furnished us through prayer."

When one hears and knows of the sacrifice these men have to make for the privilege of prayer and fellowship with God, he is ashamed of his own religious "ease in Zion." He no longer asks whether others are Christians, but wonders whether if he were in prison, he too like Paul and Silas would be '3inging psalms unto God at the dreary midnight hour. He also wonders whether the day of God's earthquakes is past forever.

@ @ ~…..,B….Eua S. T aM. ET~HO…..D..w.S''''_ . ,~

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK MISSIONS IN THE HOME The great conventions, the training schools, the chairs of mis- sions in universities~1 these are the superstructure. Foundation stones are laid in the missionary influence and t.raining of the home. True it is that there are some striking stories of late conversion, but a large per ceDJt of the heroes and heroines of missions can scarcely tell when their missionary interest began. It grew simply and naturally as a part. of their daily home training.

At the 1920 meeting of the International Missionary Union at Clifton Springs it was found that nearly one third of the one hundred and ten missionaries present made their decision for mis- sionary service because of home influence.

MISSIONS NOT AN ELEarIVE bandits were ever more eager to capture a missionary alive than is There has been an inclination in Mr. Blank" said a pastor who was many homes to treat missions as an arranging for the entertainment of a optional attachment to Christianity visiting missionary. Other member~ with connections to be established of the official Board had politely only on Sundays, or even on annual stated various reasons for exempor quarterly Sundays. tion when the pastor called for a host to take the visitor home. A principal of one of the large schools in a Pennsylvania city re- "Put him at a hotel. It's much cently made a word test on "mis- more pleasant for him anyway," said sionary." The answers of her one deacon. juniors are indicative of a somewhat general impression. One wrote: "I know that's easier on the mis- "Missionary is a place where women sionary," said Mr. Blank, "than to go." The definition of another was have my quartet climbing around "A basket they pass around in over him and leading him all over church." the. house, but think of me. Why, I'd rather entertain a missionary The missionary spmt is not an than the King of Spain. I am not external attachment but an inward caring to have any of my boys dream development,-anattitude of life. of castles or kings in Spain, but I The home is the center of largest care tremendously that they shall possibility in training boys and girls have missionary ideals before them. who will be "missionary" not only That agricultural missionary I had on Sundays but every day of their over last year completely captivated lives, not only if they should go to my eldest, and the youngest sat en- Africa or Tibet, but as they live each tranced on the lap of the medical day in their homes and in their missionary we had in the fall, while schools. A home that is missionary he told him all about his hospital in all its relationships exerts an in- in China. My boys are getting a fluence that reaches to the ends oi real conception of what missionaries the earth. are doing in the world's work."

Taking missionaries alive. "No 813

The famous mIssIOnary bishop~ . tains the following sets of pictures.

Coleridge Patteson, counted as one Stories tq be. told as pictures aceom- of the strongest influences of his paning each set are shown: life the delegate whom his mother, African Picture Stories Lady Patteson, entertained in her China Picture Stories home. With his arm around "Coley" Helper Picture Stories Bishop Selwyn told the lad stories and talked with him during those Immigration Picture Stories days in a way which Patteson, as a Italian Picture Stories Little Neigbors Picture Story Set Near East Picture Stories lad and later as a bishop, never Mothers whr are looking for bed- forgot. time stories for little folks will find For guests under sixteen. Why some interesting suggestions in this do we have all our receptions for series.

older folks? When you have a mis- 4. Picture album possibilities.

sionaryas a guest in your home, give Time-Sunday afternoons, rainy a reception to the children of the days, or any other days on which community. With decorations and boys and girls are looking for some- refreshments typical of the country thing to do, and mothers are looking from which .the guest comes, and . for pleasant and painless methods of possibly some children in costume to teaching missionary lessons.

assist in receiving and in enterta.ining; Place-Any pleasant nook or cor- with stories tol<;l by the missionary, ner indoors or out in which a table and games of other lands played, a and the requisite number of chairs most delightful occasion is assured. maybe-°placea. .

Guests from many Nations. One Materials-Ordinary kodak albums mother, who is eager that her chil- which may be bought at ten and dren should have a circle of world twenty-five-cent stores or book stores.

friendships, carefully plans to enter- If these are not available, cut plain, tain in her home, guests of different smooth wrapping paper in sheets of nationalities. To the many foreign any desired size. Make a cover of students as weJI as to foreigners who cardboard and fasten together loosely are not students, American hospital- with a shoestring. On the cover ity may be made most welcome while page paste or draw letters giving at the same time our American young title, with some attractive picture.

people may be given an oppottunity On inside sheets paste pictures from really to know some of the strangers magazines or Picture Sheet Series.

who are in our midst. For fifteen cents each, this series gives picture sheets on the following Using pictures at home subjects: .

1. Add to the pictures on the Africa Bible walls some of the good missionary Alaskans pictures now available. An inter- Armenians and Syrians esting touch may be added by draping pictures with flag of country Child Life of the World from which missionary came' and the Children of the City country to which he went. Chinese Boys and Girls Chinese Snapshots 2. Give to boys and girls small lJow We Are Clothed pictures of missionary heroes and How We Are Fed heroines which they can mount or How We Are Sheltered frame for their bedrooms. The How We Travel story of the missionary may be told Egypt and Modern Heroes of or read as the picture is given, so that the children may learn reaIly to Lands Boys and Girls of Bii)le Lands Italians Japanese Mexkans in the United States know each one. NOTE.-All of the pictures mentioned may be 3. The Picture. Story Series con- !!!ecured from denominational boaTds.

BEST METHODS

Orientals in America above, but additions should be made South America from time to time of pictures which Work Around the World the children collect from many sources. The frieze should grow 5. The pictures on these sheets from day to day rather than be may be made into most attractive completed immediately. charts to be presented to the Sunday School or Missionary Society. 9. Missionaries in many stations are asking for pictures of various 6. Post cards of scenes and people kinds. Some can use to good advanin mission lands may be obtained tage postcards that have been mailed from denominational mission boards. if they are pasted together back to They offer possibilities for post card back. Others want postcards with albums. Many homes have post card blank paper pasted over the address projectors and the boys and girls so they can print a verse in the take turns at being audience and native language on the blank. Still speaker as the post cards a!e pro- others would like to have cut-out jected on the wall.. A favonte pl~n pictures pasted on white sheets. is to give each chIld of the famlly Find out from your Board or from and, any guests who may be jnviteq, the Department for the Utilization a post card to study. Then a com- of Surplus Material of the World's posite lecture is delivered, each one Sunday School Association, (Metrotaking two minutes to explain the politan Tower, New York City) just card assigned. what the needs along this line are, and help your children and their 7. A number of homes have bal- friends to supply them. opticons or stereopticans which make possible many delightful missionary An International Cabinet evenings 'at home with pictures. The various denominational and in- "Never," said a well-known misterdenominational agencies- rent sets ~ionary leader, "shall I forget the of slides, the rentals ranging from thrill attending the ceremony of the fifty cents to tw.o dollars. The mak- opening of mother's trunk. This ing of slides is an art of never- was no ordinary trunk. As I saw ending fascination to young people it in later years divested of its of artistic tendencies. magic contents I could scarcely be- lieve even then that it was made of During the war days Mr. A. K. ordinary wood and metal bands. Gould tried a clever plan for show- As we children knew it, it was a ing stereopticon pictures to soldiers marvelous treasure – house around who had to lie flat on their backs; which we gathered, wide-eyed and by turning his machine on end he expectant, as mother again and again projected the pictures on the ceiling, drew froin its depths wonderful so they were perfectly clear to his treasures from lands afar." patients. For the folks who have stereopticons available for home or It is not difficult to have an interhospital use here is a delightful sug- national cabinet' for which members gestion for entertaining shut-ins. of the family may be collecting in- terestingand valuable additions, and 8. A Ohildren-of-All-Nations frieze around which never-to-be-forgotten may help j;o lay the foundations for stories will center. From Mission "the international mind." Children Boards, from stores, and from love to decorate their rooms. For friends of other lands, many things a' play room or' a bed room have illustrative of life and customs in them make an international frieze. tnission lands may be secured. Boys On a width of buff paper or cambric and girls are interested in collecting around the wall let them paste cut- stamps, coins and pictures from forout pictures of children of -various eign countries. It is easy now to get lands. A beginning may be made with the picture sheets ' mentioned

tiny flags of all nations, and an in- GAMES FOR SUNDAY AFTERNOONS ternational cabinet or museum in which all the family have part i~ a "How we used to love Sunday at possibility within reach. In its in- home" said a prominent missionary nermost recesses, to be opened on leader. "My mother had no books Sundays or reserved for other special on How to Make Home Pleasant, but occasions, may be some of the things in some way she always had some about which Mother or Father can special attraction for Sunday aftertell special stories. noon and, without being painfully conscious of the fact that we were Painless Missionary Instruction being made to do certain things and held back from doing certain other It is quite possible for boys and things, we memorized Bible verses, girls to learn lessons of World learned missionary facts, and stored Friendship while they play. A di- our minds with information that rerector of boys' work said recently mains with us until this day." that the only way he had been able to establish a real admiration and Here are some of the missionary friendship in the hearts of the boys games this leader suggests: of his city for the Chinese boys, was through a game. His boys were 1. Name the Missionary-Two tired of all the games he had taught captains choose their teams. The opthem. posing teams face each other seated in line. Each captain leads off by "Aw, think up a new one. We're giving the name of a missionary and tired of the same old games," said the country to which he or she went. one of them. Then the members of each team fol- Iowan. The first person who is "Ever play Skinning the Snake?" unable to give name and country of aoked the leader. a missionary not yet given has to go over to the other side. The game "Nope," respond2d the boy eagerly, continues until one side is broken up "let's have it." or until no one can name another missionary, in which case the side "It's a game the Chinese boys having the largest number at that invented," said the director. The time is declared winner. boy's interest lagged. 2. Find His Country-Every con- "Well, I guess there's nothing to testant is given an outline map of it then." the world. These may be made at home or bought from bookstores or "Try it and see," challenged the mission boards. When the maps director. "These Chinese fellows are in place on the tables or rugs discovered a number of interesting before the children, each one is given things along about the time our an- from twelve to twenty large pins to cestors were painted savages, eating which are attached little white paper their neighbors for pastime." flags. On each flag is printed the name of some missionary. The pur- Soon the boys were deep in the pose of the game is to place the flag intricacies of Skinning the Snake. on the country to which the mis- sionary went. All contestants must "Those Chinese chaps must have have the same mlsslOnaries. The some brains after all," they agreed one who places all correctly in the with enthusiasm. shortest time, wins.

That was the beginning of a recog- 3. Nlixed Sentences-Prepare as nition of China never before con- many sets of twelve sentences each ceded by that group of boys. The containing a definite piece of inforrecognition developed into a real mation about something some misfriendship for the Chinese boys. sionary said or did, or a fact about Mothers and teachers will get much * help from the book, Children at Play in Many Lands.

* Child,e" Haal llP, Iap"ric.e" M …." La..dl, b" KoI",.,.· ;ne Stanley ?5 centL

BEST METHODS

some mission field, as there are con- of different lands; Japanese houses testants. Write or print these on made of corrugated paper, while slips of paper or cardboard. Then branches with bits of pink and green cut them in two so that the subject paper fastened to them make beautiis separated from the predicate. ful cherry blossoms. An Eskimo Mix all the sentences of each set scene may be worked out with cottogether and give to each contestant ton for snow while the dogs may in a box. The one who first ar- be modeled from plasticene or from ranges the twelve sentences correctly the clay that may be near at hand. Almost every story that is told may is declared winner. be worked out by the children. 4. Who am I!'-Pin on the back JUDGED BY WHAT THEY READ of each contestant the name of some nllsslOnary. Contestants may ask "Show me what a man reads and questions of each other or of a group I can show you what manner of of "judges" who are seated around man he is," might be written prothe room, such as "To what country phetically, "Show me what a boy reads did I go?" "Am I stilI alive?" "What and I can forecast for you what mangreat work did I do ?" The first ner of man he will become." one who, from the answers given, guesses his own identity, sits down, Cyrus Hamlin, the great founder and so on in order until all discover of Robert' College, bore· testimony in his la:ter years to the fact that he who they are. thought he had dropped himself into 5. Dinner Guests-"I was in a the missionary contribution box the day his now world-famous seven home recently," 3aid a missionary, "in cents which he had intended to spend which at dinner each child imper- for gingerbread went into that box, sonated some missionary. Each one but he always added in telling the had been reading up on his mission- story that the two missionary magary and in the lively conversation azines on his mother's table were the told about 'my station' and 'my work' agencies through which he became with all the zest of the original." acquainted with the boys and girls of non-Christian lands. At another dinner party in a home in which there was a number of On the library table, or on the children, large and small, and sev- table in mother's room, or in the eral guests, each one dressed in children's room, let us place our costume of some mission land. There missionary magazines. was great interest and excitement in the study and research necessary David Livingstone was one of the to develop the costumes and learn many missionaries who attributed to something of the customs, and the the books he read at home a large result was a delightful evening. share in influencing his missionary determination. In those days it was A Back Yard Course-"Some of not easy to find interesting books for the richest memories of my life are young people. N ow we have a staged in our old back yard," said wealth of material. Among the a great missionary. "Then it was books for the younger children are: that we played all the stories we loved best from Robinson Crusoe to African Adventurers by Jean Kenyon David Livingstone." The back yard Mackenzie furnishes an excellent opportunity for impersonations and plays. The Americans All, by Augusta Huiell journeys and lives of various mis- Seaman sionaries can there be made very real to the children. Sand tables for the Frank Baba and the Forty Jungle little folks may be used either in- Brownies, by Lillian Roderick doors or out, clothes pins dressed in crepe paper may be made into people Friends of Ours, Elizabeth Colson The Honorable Crimson Tree, Anita B. Ferris Giovanni, Anita B. Ferris Stories of Brotherhood, Harold B.

Hunting this may include a single country or a continent, or it may be a trip Story d£ David Livingtsone, Vautier around the world. Very simple ac- Golding cessories may be made to serve the purpose, or they may be elaborate Livingstone Hero Stories, Susan Men- denhall Primary Stories, Margaret Applegarth Among the books that are sure to and include folders, time-tables, interest the boys and girls of the maps, and other paraphernalia of the intermediate grades are those of the traveler. To each pupil should be Pathfinder Series. issued a ticket, printed on colored Brother Van, Stella N. Brummit paper, to resemble a genuine railway Black Bearded Barbarian, Marian Keith ticket. In a large department these Livingstone the Pathfinder, Basil Mat- would be more easily obtained if printed; for smaller classes they hews could be typewritten. The following Making Life Count, Eugene C. Foster suggests a possible form; Martin of Mansfield, Margaret R See- back Uganda's White Man of Work, Sophia Lyon Fahs S. B. R. R. Winning the Oregon Country, John T. via Faris E. C. and H. F. Line (Story-book Reading Route vW For the young people in their later teens and early twenties have the Easy Chair and Horne Firebeen prepared: side Line.) Ann of Ava, Ethel Daniels Hubbard Comrades in Service, Margaret E. Bur- ton Good until ……………….. . Makers of South America, Margarette Conductors please punch at: Daniels South America- Masoud the Bedouin, Mrs. Alfreda Post The Land of the Golden Man * Carhart Men and Things, Henry A. Atkinson Ministers of Mercy, James H. Franklin Japan- The Moffats, Ethel Daniels Hubbard When I Was a Boy in Japan * Servants of the King, Robert E. Speer If it is not possible to add these books to the home library they may Tell Missionary Stories be secured through the city or Sunday-school library. If they are not The little folks who can not read among the books listed, sufficiently and some who can will iisten eagerly urgent and oft-repeated requests may to missionary stories which may be result in their being added. gleaned from any of the books named above, or from the Picture Since "internationalism" is a Story series or from the many books household word in this day, an In- now on sale at denominational headternational Reading Course may be quarters. Many wise mothers premade an interesting feature of the serve the stories they collect from home reading plans for this year. various sources in a loose leaf note Select books suitable for each mem- book with large rings. ber of the family-one in each of a give number of countries. Keep * The titles of the books may be varied to score of the progress in any way that ~~leingtd~du,r;ip~~e~ap~n anodt~~s~~r~is!dv~:lisi~~ will call forth most interest. Cer- the trip, folders giving attractive reviews of tain books may be designated to be the books, "time~tables" stating the time when read aloud. Miss Gertrude Hutton's plan for the Story Book Trip ~:~dr~~ b:~~ b:'iliiv;hreo~ ~~Og~~:S o~ndholdhe'!. is suggestive to leaders who want to secure home reading. The same meeting, all may be used to add interest. A plan might be adopted for family large outline map of the world may be colored fl:; :ria/Jbee and filled in, as the class travels from place in~ca~~ddib:' pb:~n;h: :fn~ts s'::ft~:'

the map. Book reviews in the form of fifty.

:e~~d ~~Ief:'::d ~vi:~y t~ia~O~a~tb~es~~~~ ~~ine trip tickets. read in the department. As each book is read, "At the discretion of the leader the uconductor" punches the ticket, and thi.. forms the record of the rcadul~.'~

BEST METHODS

Giving Mone:r and Service gestions for things that may be made by children at home for gifts The reai headquarters for the cam- to children in hospitals, homes, or paigns that furnish the millions mission stations. The various h0liof dollars needed for the missionary day seasons may easily bf ~11ade openterprise are at mother's knee. A portunities for service to others. man who has given hundreds of thousands of dollars for missions re- Over an, Prayer plied when he was asked how it happened that he made such large John G; Paton, the hero of the gifts: New Hebrides, said that even as an old man he recalled the earnest "It didn't happen at all. When I fervor of the prayers he heard his was a little boy my mother taught father and mother make for those me to set aside for the Lord's treas- who had never the message of a ury a certain part of all the money Saviour's love and for the young I had. I simply have more money people who might go as messengers. now than I did then." It was said of the mother of It is not "frenzied finance," but the Jacob Chamberlain iliat through her careful home training in stewardship prayers and personal influence thirthat will fill missionary treasuries. teen members of her family went to mission fields. Dr. and Mrs. John In the home of one of our great Scudder in their home in India missionary leaders there is a strong prayed for their children "Not Chrisbox known as the Lord's treasury. tians only, dear Lord, but mission- Into that box father, mother and aries everyone if it he Thy will," and the children put at least one-tenth all of their children save one who of the money that comes into their died while he was in college went hands. From there the church back to the mission field. envelopes are filled on Sunday mornings with amounts agreed upon iT! The history of missions is the council for the gift of each member history of family altars. Back of of the family. Special offerings also St. Augustine was Monica his go into this box. Frequently the mother, praying God to call her family agree together that they wilt son. Ere Bartholomew Ziegenhalg, do without something they had ex- the first Protestant foreign missionpected to have in order to make a ary, set sail for India, his mother on gift for some special object. The her deathhed kept the habit of her family all discuss together the pur- life when she placed in his hands a poses for which the "Lord's money" Bible with the prayer that it might shall be used, and there is a deep and. guide his steps. abiding interest in the work in which they have part. In this home the Christian Frederick Schwartz, angiving is regular and systematic. other pr!nce!y missionary of India, It is sacrificial, for the members of )lave testimony that his mother's and the family individually and collec- father's prayers had led him from tively deny themselves many things the ways of recklessness and sin into in order to make larger gifts, with a ways of Christian service. spirit that is as fine and as contagious as was the spirit of "meat- . From the homes in which prayer less days." IS wo~t ~o be. made, th.er~ are going out mlSSlOnanes and miSSIOnary sup- Of equal importance is training porters who are giving their lives to for giving of time and service. The answering their own prayers and the things we do are not only the result prayers of their fathers and mothers. of our training but a most important part of that training. The book "Things to Make *" gives many sug-

Woman's Home Mission

MIGRANT WORKERS ing crop, from state to state to North Dakota. By M. Katharine Bennett Another agricultural group is that President of the Council of Women for made up of the workers who help with the truck farming, fruit picking Home Missions and the canning. These groups are to be found in large numbers in Many startling facts were brought California, Colorado, along the gulf out by the Surveys made by the of Mexico, in 'Vestern New York Interchurch World Movement. None, State and in New Jersey, Delaware perhaps, were more surprising than and Maryland, workers from the those relating to the number, location latter groups in many cases moving on and types of seasonal employments to the oyster canning along Chesaand the vast importance of the group peake Bay in the winter. known as "Migrant Workers." "The truth is," says the Survey, "that Mining, fishing and manufacturing much of the work of the world is also make their demands on the miseasonal. As a result of these seas- grant worker and help to swell the onal fluctuations, an army of a mil- appalling number of those who, to lion and a half migrant laborers keep the wheels of industry moving, constantly on the move is necessary must themselves be often "on the to save our industries from disaster. move," to the detriment of home life, social relationships and community "These casual workers go tramp- consciousness-three natural and susmg over fixed paths towards goals taining influences, deterring from vi tremendous, national and world crime, anarchy and shiftlessness. importance. They have no permanent place in society and receive only The report of the Home Mission the most trivial and fleeting recognition for their important work." Survey was presented to the Home Missions Council and the Council of The logging camps, from Maine Women for Home Missions at their to Washington, employing hundreds joint Annual meeting held in January of thousands of men, "about 90% of -with special consideration of the them unmarried, afford a specialized migrant groups. By action of the problem from the fact that they are Councils responsibility for these centers of an extremely radical social workers was definitely allocated, sentiment and propaganda. Loggers among the actions taken being the are almost overwhelmingly radical and strongly 1. W. W. in convictions." following: Some of the denominations have undertaken work in camps, but the "That the unallotted work among women great majority of these groups are and children in the small fruit, vegetable left without religious or Christian and canning industry in the states, of social service of any kind; lumber New York, New Jersey, Delaware and jacks coming out of the woods when Maryland, and elsewhere when the surthe logging season is over are, there- vey is completed, be allocated to the fore, unsympathetic and critical of Women's Boards having constituency in the church's attitude. these states."

A second large migrant group, es- In accordance with this action, a timated at about one-quarter million special Committee was appointed by of men, is made up of those who the Council of Women to plan for harvest the wheat; the great number experimental stations during the of these workers begin in Texas and summer of 1920, and a letter was move northward, following the ripen- sent to the Women's Boards asking their financial cooperation. Many of these had already so planned the work of the year that no financial margin 820 remained, but enough were able to the long one-story bunk-house, a shack in which every room opens outcontribute to make possible an im- of-doors. Worst of all, a number of families may be housed in a barn mediate beginning of the work. loft without any partitions whatever.

The first necessity was a director Men, women and children, young people and adults, the married and to visit the field, locate the stations, the unmarried alike, are often com- pelled to live in this promiscuous secure cooperation both on the part way."

of cannery owners and of local Among most of these groups no church women, find field workers, es- provision is made for caring for the children who are too young to work, tablish them at their posts and direct and no recreation provision is made the ·work. Such a Director was for the leisure time of the young people. The latter fact leads to bad found in Miss Lila Bell Acheson, moral conditions and to mischief. Ve shall leave to Miss Acheson her- Secretary of the Department of self the telling of the effort being Christian Social Service under the made in the stations opened this Woman's Board of Home Missions summer to meet the needs of the of the Presbyterian Church, which women and children at three places. Board released her temporarily for The Survey in speaking of "Units this important work. Under the for women and children in cannery Y. W. C. A. Miss Acheson had and agricultural labor camps" estiduring the war organized and con~ mates two hundred as the number duded the splendid piece of work of groups that should be reached in for industrial girls in the munition the program. of the next five years. plant at Pompton Lakes, New Jer- Three months is the usual length of sey, and had later organized the fine service needed per year. It is hoped work at New Orleans among the that most of the Woman's Boards of cotton mill and tobacco factory girls. Home Missions may be able to in- clude amounts for this work in next Perhaps the best preparation Miss year's budget and so make possible .-cheson has had for this special work the opening of many more stations was in volunteer social work done in the summer of 1921, and that they by herself and her sister in the Puy- may also make provision for the folallup valley of Washington state. lowing of the cannery workers to their winter homes. The Interchurch Survey speaks of BEGINNING OF THE WORK the problems of the cannery workers Lila Bell Acheson as follows: "The characteristic prob- Supervisor of Work Among Migrant lem of the cannery group is the very Groups conducted by the Council of Vomen for Home Missions acute one of housing, sanitation and The work was first commenced at morals The majority of Riverton, New Jersey. Just outside of this very attractive little town these fruit pickers' camps consists of large crops are grown and afford al- most continuous employment from existing outbuildings, temporarily de- early spring to late fall. On account of the nearness and size of the Philvoted to human habitation. Condi- adelphia market, the fruit and vege- tables are shipped fresh and no tions in such quarters vary greatly.

A large fruit grower frequently has a well-built bunk house near his residence, the second story of which will house two or three men per room, the first floor being used for a dining room and kitchen. Where immigrant family labor is used, one may find a long two-story tenement in the midst of an orchard housing an indeterminate number of families.

There is no logical separation of living quarters; no proper provision for individual privacy or domestic economy. Another frequent type is

SOME OF THE "PRIMARIES" AT RIVERTON, N. J.

canneries are located in this vicinity. of a day. The tiny ones are taken The fatlier and mother with the older care of in a day-nursery; the next children work in the fields from early morning until late at night, size have kindergarten, and those while the younger children, ranging from tiny babies to boys and girls who are old enough commence their eight or nine years of age, amuse themselves as best they can, with no regular schooling. The morning supervision or care, and no prepara- passes all to quickly. A hot lunch tion for their meals. The mother comes in at noon, tired, hurriedly is provided at noon, and before it eats a cold lunch and is off to work is finished, tired little heads are nodagain. Often she does not even see ding, so hammocks and rugs under her children. When you think of the trees are soon in use and the the constant care and training other wind sings them a lullabye. When children receive, you wonder that the nap is ovet·, all enter into the these kiddies ever grow up with any supervised play, and swings, slides, and sandpiles are exceedingly popuideals at all. lar. The school day is over at five An exceptional group of Quaker o'clock and cars deliver them safely at their so-called homes. They have women live in this neighborhood, and had the right food and play to dethey have been vitally interested in velop them physically and ideals of these Italian children who live for a Christianity and Americanizationfew months each year on their farms, essentials of which they know nothand have wanted for some time to ing- are readily absorbed by their bright little brains. do something for them. When we told them of our plan they imme- The location we chose in Delaware diately offered to cooperate in every is at Houston, and differs from way possible and proved it by obtain- Riverton in many ways. The people ing the school house which is located come from Philadelphia and Baltiin the center of this district and, more to work in the large cannery. situated in a grove of trees, makes They live in long rows of one-story a most ideal workshop. The children bunk houses on the cannery ground. are brought here by auto from the During the peas and tomato seasons surrounding farms each morning and at least I SO live on this tract of land, here they spend a very different sort less than half the size of a city block. The older members of the family often work night and day in the can-

THE WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

nery, during the busy season. The are among the agencies that have al- babies and children are either under ready agreed to join in the support their feet, in danger of injury from of an interdenominational program the machinery and the boiling canned for Santo Domingo. The island is goods, or amuse themselves in the practically unoccupied ·territory and nearby grove. under the leadership of the Com- We put up a large tent across the mittee on Cooperation in Latin Amer- road from these shacks, overflowing ica there has been a successful effort with children, and besides the activi- to secure a united approach there ties carried on at Riverton, we have and to make impossible the over~ a health clinic with an Italian nurse lapping establishment of churches or in charge. Regular Sunday services other evangelistic agencies.

are conducted by neighboring minis- Between 90% and 95% of the ters. Lantern slides depicting the population above ten years of age is Bible stories afford entertainment illiterate, schools are needed through- and instruction one or two nights a out the island both academic and week. Music for the entertainments industrial, evangelical churches are is provided by the Italians, much to small and few, hospitals are few and every one's delight. The cannery community service is unknown. Both managers and people of both Hous- in the towns and the country region ton and Milford have cooperated all forms of Christian cooperation wonderfully, supplying us with lum- are sorely needed, and there should ber for our tent floor and seating be a prompt and full response to the facilities, giving us a piano, material opportunity to take Santo Domingo for hot lunches, the use of the stere- for Christ.

opticon lantern, and valuable vol- unteer workers. CONFERENCES IN THE FALIl OF 1920 The third place that we are work- A series of conferences under the ing in this summer is Bel Air, Mary- auspices of the Home Missions land. This is the county seat of Council and the Council of Women Harford County, which has 214 for Home Missions are announced canneries, a larger number than any for this fall: other county in the United States. The work does not commence until On Indian ·work at Wallace Lodge, the middle of August and as the Yonkers, to consider common re- Riverton season closes at this time, sponsibilities and the allocation of we will be able to move the staff unoccupied territory. and equipment on to Maryland. The prospects are very bright there for On work for Spanish-Speaking doing a fine piece of work. The people in Albuquerque, EI Paso and cannery is situated about two miles in Tucson, to discuss questions of out of town on the edge of a grove, comity, of education, and a general program for advanced work.

and the bunk houses are in the On work for Orientals, Chinese, shadow of these trees. The owner Japanese, Koreans, Hindus, and Ar- of this cannery received the idea menians, in Los Angeles and San most favorably and is cooperating Francisco, to discuss questions of with us heartily in our arrangements. comity and to consider a program of work for the future.

SANTO DOMINGO On Mormonism in Salt Lake City, Two Woman's Boards of Home to discuss better equipment and per- Missions, that of the Methodist sonnel, suitable publications, lecture- Episcopal Church, North, and that ships, program of education and col- of the Presbyterian Church, North, portage.

FROM MANY

JAPAN-CHOSEN Kindergarten for the Deaf "New Life Discussions" JAPAN has had schools for the deaf for a number of years, but NEWSPAPER evangelism which until this year no attempt has been Dr. Albertus Pieters has shown made to teach lip reading and speech. to be so effective, is now being A kindergarten has been organized pushed by Mr. Walton of the Church under the direction of the Presby- Missionary Society in Hiroshima. terian and German Evangelical Asso- His "New Life Discussions" go into ciation Missions. Mrs. A. K. Re;s- 20,000 homes through the medium of chauer, who is in charge, writes that the daily press. The correspondence more have applied for admission which these have elicited reveal a than can be accepted. The applideep spiritual need. One wrote from cants range from the poorest to the a distant village: "My condition has son of a baroness. It is horeo that been indescribably fearful. I have this kindergarten can demonstrate to heard Buddhist sermons without the educational authorities what is number, but I cannot believe them." possible, with the result that the In three months 311 persons from Government will then introdllce 117 villages have written for more modern methods into its institutions. information regal-ding Christian principles. Korean Week of Evangelism From Monastery to Y. W. C. A. A WEEK of evangelistic services held in Pyengyang, Korea, the A MOHAMMEDAN monastery, latter part of February brought thl'ee a landmark in Japan, is to be thousand persons to a decision for converted into a Y. W. C. A. build- Christ. These meetings were planned ing, if the purchase of the property and carried out almost entirely by can be negotiated. This project is the K 0 r eans themselves. Men, sponsored by the college Y. W. C. A. women aljd children visited from branches of Ohio, Pennsylvania, house to house and teams of college West Virginia, Maryland and Del- boys toured the country districts. aware, which are raising money to The proportion of church members make the payment. to the population is higher in Pyeng- yang than in many parts of America. Practical Results from Facwry Meetings No Weather Bureau in Korea A NON-CHRISTIAN fa eta r y owner of Osaka, Japan, has taken T.7 OREAN daily newspapers do pains to advise other employers to .l~ not announce "fair and warmer" allow Christian teaching to be given indications for the next day, as the their workers. He gave his reason in natives believe the gods are in charge a trade journal, and it is a convincing of the weather, and that if properly apologetic for Christian missions. approached their climatic decisions "During the twelve months since the may be regulated. Dr. A. Garfield missionaries began coming to the fac- Anderson of Wonju, Korea, destory," said he, "a thousand less rice cribes the various ways by which the bowls were broken than the year people try to induce rain. They before. This is because there is I(:'ss write prayers for rain and hang bad temper among the women them up on the hillside. Two workers who hear Christian teach- dragons lie between the market ing."

824 stalls, each about one hundred feet Conversions in Prison long and two feet high at the head, tapering off gradually to the tail. A I N MARKED contrast to 1110st sorceress in time of dry weather Chinese prisons is one in the diswill come out and dance before these trict of Kiang-lin-hsien, Kiangsu dragons to bring rain. Province, where the warden is sympathetic with Christianity. For CHINA the past two years a local pastor, at the invitation of the warden, has Congress of Chinese MIssIons been preaching regularly to the pris- oners and teaching them the Bible. A CONGRESS of all Protestant A large number of the inmates have Missions in China is being plan- asked for baptism, and a distinct ned by the China Continuation Com- change in the atmosphere of the mittee for next spring. It is ex- prison is noticeable. The warden, pected that one thousand delegates although not as yet a professed will attend, including missionaries Christian, heartily joins in the serand Chinese. The Congress will dis- vices. cuss matters of common interest and elect a new Continuation Committee. Chinese Proverbs Department Store Chapel Services CHINA is a land where custom is more binding than law, and THE two largest department where the ancient past is the standard stores in Shanghai, Wing On's for the present, so that proverbs and Sincere's, hold religious services abound and have great force. The on the roof garden every Sunday following are characteristic: morning between nine and ten, and every employee is obliged to be A good drum does not need a heavy stick. present. The managing director of If you do not want anybody to know it do one of these companies heard and believed the Gospel in Australia not even do it. twenty-seven years ago, and believes that he is carrying out God's will in If you are in the right you need not thus bringing the teachings of Christ speak in a loud voice. to his employees. The preachers at these services are pastors of the city. Words whispered on earth sound like thunder in heaven. Blinded for Attending Church More trees are upright than men. OPPOSITION to Christianity has The highest towers begin from the not ceased in China, according to a report in fhe New Yark Times. ground. This year on March 7, less than 200 No image maker worships the gods, he miles from Shanghai, a young man had his eyes put out for attending a knows what stuff they are made of'. Christian church. On a visit to Free sitters at the play always grumble Soochow the young man had heard the Gospel preached for the first most. time, and after his return home he What avails it to pray to Buddha like accompanied a friend to Christian services nearby. The father con- silver and scold your brother like brass. sented to blinding his son for attend- One dog barks at nothing and the rest ing and the stepmother did the deed. It was intended also to cut out his bark at him. tongue, but neighbors succeeded in You can't clap hands with one palm. getting him away and he is now in a Christian hospital. (i. e. in union there is strength). One more good man on earth is better than an extra angel in heaven.

INDIA Salvation. Army in India A COMPLETE reorganization of Salvation Army work in India has been effected, including the di- vision of that country for Salvation Army administrative purposes into three separate territories.

The Army there has confined .its evangelistic and other efforts almost entirely to work for the criminal

tribesmen, and has a record of re- Bible Mission, handled the argument markable acruevement in its work for the Bible. The debate took among this class of India's teeming place in the physician's office, other populations. The Juvenile Criminal Mohammedan doctors being present Home in Rangoon has been in opera- to add an occasional word of re- tion for five years and the official enforcement. Copies of the Koran, government records show that fifty Greek Testament and Hebrew Bible per cent of the criminals committed were in evidence; also several vol- to it are permanently reformed, while umes of an encylopedia. A record the majority of these are evangelized. of the debate was kept by a secretary who wrote continuously in a large The SCriptures at Work note book.

THE Bible Translation Society The Bible champion, after a pre- work has not been in vain the past liminary skirmish, used solid logic year, the eightieth of the Society's and showed photographs of Alexanactivity. Here is an example. drian and Sinaitic manuscripts of the New Testament to prove the A Hindu, resolved upon a change ancient origin. Then he proceeded in diet, bought a farthing's worth of to explain the differences in the two sago instead of his accustomed por- records. tion of rice. The sago was wrapped in a printed sheet, and while prepara- As a sequel, the young Moslem tion of the meal was in progress, secretary a day or two later came to the Hindu read the wrapper, which the Presbyterian mission for further was a page from the Gospel of John. discussion. It is regarded most The words arrested attention, and hopefully that Mohammedan unrest both sides of the page were read. leads to such inquiry. The man wanted more, and went to the trader from whom he bought the Rajahmundry Diamond Jubilee sago, thinking that he could enlighten rum as to the origin of the sheet. SEVENTY-FIVE years ago a The trader sent the customer to the Lutheran minister, Rev. L. P. M. missionary, who readily gave him a Valett, arrived as the first Christian complete copy of the coveted volume. missionary at Rajahamundry, India. The pages were devoured as This station has remained an Amereagerly as the sago had been, and ican Lutheran Mission. The diathe man's heart was touched. In a mond jubilee was celebrated early short time the missionary, hoping this year, in which a thousand Christhat he might find in the man an tian converts participated. After anxious inquirer, sought to get into opening celebrations at the main stacontact with him; but all he could tion two bands of Indian Christians find out was that the man had left toured the entire field and held juhi~ home, and was itinerating the bilee meetings in many centers. villages of Bengal, telling the Gospel of God's love in Christ! The report of the Mission gives the baptized membership as 27,000; The Christian. Sunday-school pupils, 11,465 and 12,- 3% pupils in Christian day and Ohristian-Mohammedan Debate boarding schools. Associated with the twenty-eight American mission- A MOHAMMEDAN physician of aries are 1362 native helpers, eight Cawnpore challenged the Chris- of whom are ordained pastors. tians to a debate on the trustworthiness of the Bible. The point under GEo. DRACH. discussion was the difference between the accounts of Christ's gen- Christian Loyalty or Sikhs ealogy as given by Matthew and by Luke. Nazir Husain, a worker in the ABOUT 6000 Christian Sikhs served in the war as soldiers, in addition to large numbers as trans-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

port drivers, hospital assistants and 28, 1872, with seventeen pupils. clerks. When asked to sing on Forty-three per cent of the Christian parade they struck up "Christ the Burmese and thirty-eight per cent of King of Glory" and followed that the Christian Karens who graduate with other Psalms. When their from Judson College become mission officers insisted upon having their workers. national airs, they replied. "But these are our national songs." MOSLEM LANDS New Treatm.ent for Leprosy Cloudburst in Persia SIR LEONARD ROGERS esti- FLOOD and fire have been caus- mates that there are over 300,000 ing great damage in East Persia, lepers in the Indian Empire. the worst havoc being in Teheran, the capital. A cloudburst occurred The method of treatment with the in the foot hills near the city and salts of fatty acids introduced by a torrent of water poured over the him has been lately tested by four- plains, breaking down the north wall teen medical officers and assistants of the Presbyterian Mission, and surin Leper Asylums throughout India rounding homes in the vicinity. To with most favourable results, 72 per check the progress of the flood, doors cent showing marked improvement, were banked with earth, the city ga~e in spite of the fact that most cases was forced shut and earth was piled were advanced and the period of against it. In Tomans the loss was treatment had been comparatively heavy, not least of which was the short. More research is needed, destruction of the flourishing garhowever, further to improve the dens. Fires in many places followed treatment. the damage by flood.

Tobacco "Missionaries" The French Save Christian Syrians THE following appeared in The THE Archbishop of Tyre, Rev.. Indian Witness: Shukrallah Khoury, visiting in "A travesty on the name mission- America, received from his secretary ary appears in a letter from a vet- a report of cc1nditions in Syria, dated eran lately returned to India, who May 18, which shows that the action states that on the vessel upon which of the French Government had saved he crossed the Pacific, a fellow-pas- the Christian population from extersenger who travelled with him in the mination. On April 24 the Shiite same cabin said that he himself was Mohammedans convened in general the missionary of a well known session and approved resolutions for -Tobacco Trust and sent out to the the annihilation of all Christians for Orient to push the business by intro- the reason that the latter would not ducing samples. A younger man forego their demand for French prowas apparently coming out as a mis- tection. On May 5 thousands of sionary apprentice." armed Shiite Mohammedans began a furious attack upon Ainebl, where Judson College, Ilangoon the inhabitants held back the hordes for eight hours until their ammuni- THE one Christian college in tion failed and night came on. The Burma, formerly known as Ran- defenders were finally overcome and goon Baptist College, has been re- inconceivable atrocities were comnamed Judson College in honor of mitted. On May 7 bandits came in the first American Baptist Foreign great numbers to the city of Tyre. missionary, Adoniram Judson. The raided plantations on the way and college will be a constituent part of destroyed the promising silk crop. the new Burma University. The French authorities, at the direc- The institution was opened May

tion of the French Governor of Tyre, Better Pictures for Moslem Children took prompt and energetic action and sent a military contingent to repress MISS ELSIE WOOD, a trained the outlaws. illustrator, has gone to Cairo to serve Moslem children in a unique Stirrups from Church BeIl~ way. She will provide, through the Nile Mission Press, a wholesome CHURCH bells are an abomina- illustrated literature to counteract tion to Moslems. In 1917, the the cheap and demoralizing pictures Turks, hearing that the Germans for which a demand has grown up. had melted their church bells and Pictures were at one time barred made them into bullets, decided they from Mohammedan lands, but opwould melt the church bells of Asia position is disappearing, largely due Minor. In order to add insult to to the prevalence of the "movie." injury some of the bell metal was made into stirrups, to show the Ar- Mission Study in Egypt menian Christians that they were both in fact and figure under the FOUR nationalities, Egyptian, feet of their Mohammedan over- Syrian, Armenian and American, lords. But the Armenians of Marash are represented in the Tanta, Egypt, have collected the money for a good Christian Endeavor Society, which church bell to be purchased in Amer- has about forty members. It is one ica, and are looking forward to a of the few societies in Egypt where time when they can worship God in both young men and young women peace. take part. A mission study course based on Dr. Underwood's volume Changing Customs in Syria on Korea has been completed, and the members were prompt and eager .rT.(ING Feisal of Syria who has to report on topics assigned. A recently yielded to the French broadened sympathy for other lands is a lineal descendant of Moham- was evident as a result of the course. med, yet his government decreed that women shall be eligible to all AFRICA offices. Not only is there a greater appreciation of woman's place in Converted in Exil(' Syrian society and ino the home on the part of men but the women them- WHEN the Germans left Kamselves are imbued with a desire for emn they retreated with all better things and a better country. their black soldiers into Spanish During the war two women's clubs Guinea. The Spanish Government were formed in Beirut. One con- then transported all German soldiers sists entirely of Moslem young to Spain and all the black soldiers women. They invite lecturers on to Fernando Po, an island off the hygiene, domestic science, litera.ture, Kamerun Coast. These men and etc.; maintain schools and volunteer their wives were there interned until as teachers. late in 1919 when they were sent back to Kamerun. Some German The second club was founded by missionaries had remained with them a well educated Christian women in exile, and some very earnest conwho is the wife of a Moslem. The verts were made, who presented their purpose of this group is to bring application for membership in the together Syrian women of all faiths, various churches in Bululand. help them to overcome their age long prejudice, and to appreciate The Bible as a Charm each other's viewpoint. Once a month they come together to hear THE following order came from papers on profitable subjects, and a Greek merchant trading among the Abyssinians: enjoy good music. "To the director of the British and The Orient. Foreign Bible Society:

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

"Respectfully I have the honor to minister to the wives and daughters inform you that I want you to make of workingmen who are now crowd- New Testaments in the Abyssinian ing the native quarters in Nairobi. language in a very small size, to be Two years ago the population of this used as charms against the devil, for place was almost exclusively young the Abyssinians. I want you also to men employed by Europeans, but make three pictures in it-on the first recently wives, children and others page the picture of the Holy Trinity, have come to the town because of in the middle the crucifying of Jesus, famine at home, or the desire for and on the last page the ascension adventure. These latter are stranded of Jesus. I pray you to let me know and unprotected, and to send them if you can do this book, or not. back to their homes would mean If you can do it, how much is the condemning them to heathenism, expense? And how long before I while on the other hand, they are can have it? And to whom shall I exposed to great temptation in send the money? And I shall be Nairobi. The Church Missionary much obliged." Society has formed regular classes for them, and now proposes to sur- Growth in East Africa round this particular class with the influence of a Christian home, and THE e.arly pioneers who went to assist them in earning a livelihood. British East Africa to carrv the Gospel were also pathfinderS' for Life of Faith. that vast territory, and laid the foundations for a prosperous colony. The Vakaonde of Rhodesia Today, Mombasa is a flourishing port. The Uganda railway has its T.(AONDELAND, not indicated terminus there and its daily train service taps the country's resources .r on most maps, lies in the exfor 600 miles around. Lake steamers travel between Uganda and Port treme northwest of Rhodesia. Its Florence, and afford means of reach- inhabitants, the Vakaonde tribe, numing the Belgian Congo. Nairobi, the ber about 30,000 and are semiheadquarters of the Africa Inland nomadic due to their defective agri- Mission, is 325 miles from Uganda. cultural system. They know nothing It has a European population of of rotation of crops, and when their 5,000, about 30,000 Asiatics and 600,- gardens cease to yield enough to feed 000 blacks. No immigrant is al- them they move to a new site. lowed to settle there unless he has a sufficient sum of money to tide him The South Africa General :'vlis,ion over the first few months. Mission- has undertaken to evangelize this aries, officials and settlers have trans- tribe and has established two stations formed a non-productive desert into about 160 miles apart. Seven a self-supporting colony, while the workers are now in charge, four black man has observed and mar- more being absent on forlough. The veled. This is the era that will give people have no well defined idea perma,lence to the work that has of God. They believe in His exisbeen undertaken. tence and want to follow Him, and herein lies the encouragement of Refuge for Women in Nairobi missionary work among them. They are apathetic, but not savages. Sus- AFRICAN women, by heredity tained effort of any kind is quite and environment, are helpless foreign to their temperament, alcreatures. The Alliance of Protes- though they possess great power d tant Missions, formed last year at endurance. Kikuyu, plans to institute a refuge home at Nairobi, East Africa, to Zrunbesi Industrial Mission W HEN the Zambesi Industrial Mission was founded 'more than twenty-five years ago it wa!:'

the aim to make the work self-sup- tablished by the mine workers of the porting by the end of the fifth year. Transvaal, and the growing unrest Coffee plantations proved very suc- has lead to a refusal of smaller cessful, and would have made the groups to work. Agitators have initial station self-supporting before gone about advising the people to the fifth year, but the Mission, in- revolt against law, such as pass stead of limiting its activities, launch- regulations, curfew rules, sale of in- ed out into a wider sphere, and toxicants, etc. Ten thousand blacks opened new stations where industrial of different tribes and speaking difwork promised encouraging results. ferent languages, who until now had Today there are eight centers, each not had any feeling of relationship, a mission in itself, and radiating have united in proclaiming a general missionary helpfulness far and -near. strike. The Germans consider that There is a vast territory in posses- the expulsion of their mission sion of the Portuguese Government workers from this territory en- still untouched by Christian missions dangers the situation, as they feel of any kind. that they have better insight in deal- Result of Bad Housing ing with the native temperament.

While there are differences of opin- TUBERCULOSIS IS taking a -ion on this point, there is no doubt fearful toll on the Bantu people. of the serious nature of the unrest From the annual report of Lovedale ;among the natives, and it gives rise Hospital it appears that one-fifth of to critical problems in missionary all the patients admitted are sufferers work as well as in the political and from some form of this disease. The industrial situation in South Africa.

usual Kaffir hut, with its minimum of ventilation and its earth floor :EUROPE which does not admit of disinfection, Muller Missions T is a prolific breeder of tuberculosis, HE society founded by George Muller of Bristol, England, not and the fact that most domestic ser- vants are natives, brings this menace only supports the larger orphanages into European homes. South Africa at Ashley Down but maintains five has an ideal climate, and with atten- schools in Italy and one in British tion directed to housing reform for Guiana. They also subsidize a great the natives, a great advance would number of mission causes in differ- be made in the control of the "white ent parts of the world. The total death." number of orphan children cared for during the year has been 1467.

A Blind Kaffir Evangelist Although financial appeals for A BLIND Kaffir evangelist is all kinds of causes were never so moving about in the Peddie dis- great as during the past few years trict of Cape Colony. Never having the orphanges, without making any had his sight he has not learned to appeals have received more last year read, but after his conversion school than at any time in their history.

children read to him, and so well All has come in answer to prayer versed in the .Bible has he become and not one working day passed that he can give the location of any without some gift. Since the begin- well known text of Scripture. He ning of the work £2,141,850 have is a most successful soul winner. been contributed for its support.

Bolshevism in South AfriCa Literature for Lighthouses MISSION work in South Africa THE British and Foreign Sailors' has been much hindered by the Society, the oldest sailors' society spreading of Bolshevism among na· in the world, takes a practical internve workers. A union has been e,- est in the lonely lighthouse keepers.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

So far as possible, monthly parcels less difficulty in assembling an auof reading matter are sent to each dience and more attentive hearing of the 300 lighthouses and light-ship than heretofore. stations. Books on scientific subjects, on religion, art, wood carving, Historical Study as a Weapon travel and poetry are requested, showing the variety of interests THE Giordano Bruno Association which these men represent. At has established a School of Papal shore stations, the children are pro- History which will commemorate the vided with suitable literature. fiftieth anniversary of the deliverance of Rome from papal control. The Edinburgh Mission to Jews Waldensian paper, La Luce, gives the main lines along which investi- THIS society maintained by an gation and study is proposed. interdenominational committee, owns a situable home in the center 1. The genesis and development of the of the Jewish locality, with reading papacy, and the injury which it has done rooms and auditorium for services. to the national sentiment of Italy. The medical department is the chief avenue of approach to the Jews. Z. The functions of the papacy in the Christian addresses are delivered to mediaeval and modern world. the patients, and literature distributed among ,them. 3. Episodes of papal history-the here- sies, quarrels, persecutions, the Jesuits, The Bible in Ireland etc.

THE distinguishing feature of 4. Powerlessness of the papacy to live the Irish Mission is that it affirms without the support of the foreigner. the right of every man and woman to possess and study the Word of 5. The work of the papacy during the God, in opposition to the stand taken Italian national struggle and since. by the Roman Catholic Church in Ireland. 6. Significant figures in the history of the papacy-the nepotists, the Borgias, During the past year 106,172 Clement VIII the executioner of Bruno, homes were visited, 25,597 religious etc. conversations were held; 20,390 Scriptures and portions were sold, 7. The thought of Italians concerning an increase of 1,399 over the num- the papacy-Dante, Galileo, Carducci, Fosber sold in the previous year. The colo, Bruno, Machiavelli. total number of sales to Roman Catholics was 17,479, an increase of 8. Dogma against political liberty and 3,390 over that of 1917. liberty of thought.

Comparing the above figures with Difficulties in San Sebastian those of 1908, we are faced with the fact that last year, with five workers SAN SEBASTIAN in northern less, we sold nea;rly three times the Spain is the summer home of the number of Scriptures. This fact is royal family, and has other varied in spite of the fact that last year all interests.A Christian school for girls our books were at least double the was founded there by Mrs. William price at which they sold ten years H. Gulick some years ago but was ago. transferred to Barcelona. Since then regular church activities have con- Roman Catholics manifest such a tinued in rented quarters. The desire to look into the Scriptures, Catholics persisted in trying to eject that their priests are now teaching them, but without avail. Recently bits of it here and there. This only however, the owners were compelled tends to broaden the minds of the to sell and all efforts to find another hearers. Open air preachers report location were fruitless. The work has had to be abandoned temporarily, except for small informal groups which meet in private homes. The church has about forty members and a C. E. Society of fifteen members. A class of ten boys meets for in- struction in their teacher's bed room.

It is not uncommon for represen-

tatives of Catholic societies to follow The Gospel is preached daily with a the children to their homes and at- directness which proves it "the power tempt to frighten the parents into re- of God unto salvation." moving them from the school under threat of dispossessing them of their Bibles by Weight in Russia homes. One church member, a street car conductor, was so bitterly per- I N RUSSIA Bibles are bought and secuted that he left for the United sold by weight, in accordance with States, and after two years' sojourn the decree of Lenine. This man has been able to send money for his who is "anti-Christ" to the Greek wife and three boys to follow him. Orthodox Church, has himself writ- This man is a member of a Spanish ten books by the score, and not es- church in New York. Such per- teeming these products of his brain secution gives pUblicity to the Protes- as "light reading" he has ordained tant work, and manv assurances of that all books be sold by weight. To sympathy are received. some extent the Scriptures are being allowed sent in, and the Bible So- Norway Becomes "Dry" ciety must give account of the pounds and ounces. On the average, 2369 NORWA Y has outlawed strong Bibles make a ton. drink. Prohibition was brought about by popular referendum, and it How much attention Lenine or his seems to be the universal verdict that people will give the Bible is probthe women turned the scale. This is lematical, but if as America deports the first general election in which the "Reds" to Russia some one Norwegian women have had a part. would supply each radical with a few "Dry" in Norway, however, allows pounds of Scripture that which the the sale of light wines and beer of world deprecates in the Soviet syslow alcoholic content. tem might be neutralized.

Christian Center in Copenhagen SORTH AMERICA THE Central Mission in Copen- Congregational Council hagen, with its twenty-eight branches of activity, is one of the MORE than three thousand Conmost remarkable city evangelistic or- gregational men and women asganizations in Europe. The work is sembled in Boston from all parts directed by one man, Dr. Anton Bast, of the world for eight days in June. but back of him are the king and One day was largely devoted to queen, the government, the country's missions. The history of work in best citizens and many of the labor- America was traced to the present· ing class, financial supporters of the day, as was the story of the London work. Missionary Society-now 125 years old. Speakers represented different The Mission has three principal fields, and Dean Brown of Yale foredepartments: Mission Work, com- shadowed "The Path Ahead." prising church services, newspaper and pamphlet dis..ribution, temper- The Congregational World Exhibit ance lectures and musical entertain- pictured the graphic story of work ments; Slum Work, with its refuge in India, China and Africa. There for homeless men, evening school, was a model of the city of Madura home visiting and aid for women and to make clear the nature of a mission children; and finally Rescue Work, station in India and the model of the which provides employment bureaus, African slave girl with a chain day nurseries, vacation outings and around her neck told another story. help for laborers out of work. The original Chinese version of the Bible in twenty-one volumes was Crowning all these varied activities shown besides. the autographed copy is the evangelistic spirit and purpose. of Adoniram judson's Burmese Bible.

An international League of Good

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Will was formed to promote trans- numbers. England is sending morc atlantic friendships. than any other nation. Scotland and Ireland have greatly increased their t'neungellzed Foreigners in New York contribution. The French immigra- tion, very small before the war, is ACCORDING to the recent cen- now almost equal to that of Italy. sus thirty-two foreign tongues It is claimed that prohibition is reare spoken in New York City, those sponsible for the vast exodus of using them numbering nearly 1,700,- Slavic people. If this is true, we realize 000. Evangelical missionary effort what a mistake we made in delaying has concentrated upon the Italians this legislation so long. If prohibibecause 0~ ,: greater number, and tion becomes a factor in the selecthere are thirt) three organizations tion of superior material for nation holding Christian services in that building a new argument will be furlanguage. Next in order are the nished to sustain it and to secure Swedes, with thirteen churches, then the vigorous enforcement of the law. Norwegians, Chinese and Japanese, but there are at least ten or twelve United Presbyterian. nationalities that have no opportunity to hear the Gospel proclaimed in The Jewish Problem in America their own language from an evangelical pulpit. For seven of these na- THE total Jewish population of tionalities there are no services of the United States is almost. four any kind in their own tongue. Only millions. In the garment making two per cent of the foreigners in areas of our great cities, in stores, New York City are members of brokerage houses, and arts of trade evangelical churches. Here is a prob- one emphatically realizes the part lem worthy of cooperative effort. which the Jew is playing in our economic life. He still is the Jew, Italian Leaders in Conference though largely without allegiance to the synagogue or loyalty to the re- THE need of evangelistic teach- ligion of his fathers. Still less is ing among Italians was empha- he affected by Christianity. Of all sized at the biennial conference on the million and a half in Greater Italian work, held at Auburn, N. Y., New York there are no more than June 22-24, under the auspices of 2,000 Christians. Through its Comthe Presbyterian Board of Home mittee on Plans and Policies for He- Missions. After a discussion of brews the Home Missions Council is methods for breaking down the re- seeking for the various denominaluctance of Italians to enter Protes- tions doing work among Jews to fortant missions, recommendations were mulate a literature, to outline a promade regarding the printing of tracts gram and to develop a method that on Protestant principles. About fifty shall more earnestly and broadly delegates represented 102 organized meet the spiritual demands of the churches and missions working for sons of Israel. Italians. A Year of Prohibition Slavs Leaving America A YEAR and more of prohibition A SIGNIFICANT change has has gone by, and it is possible to taken place in the character of gauge the material results of the the immigrants coming to this country new order. The fact that most of since the war. The vast Slavic tide the returns come through the courts of the pre-war days has changed its and penal institutions is indicative direction. It is now an outgoing of the need for the banishment of instead of an incoming tide. The alcoholic temptation. Although the people of northern Europe, on the lay enforcement is far from perfect, other hand, are coming' in greater less than one-third as many 1?eople

were arraigned for drunkenness the ing out in colleges and seminaries first five months of the year in the claims of home missions. Massachusetts, as during the corresponding period last year. AMore Missionaries Needed LTHOUGH the Presbyterian Money has been diverted into new missionary force on the foreign and more useful channels, and the present scarcity of scrub women in field shows a net gain of sixty-four many places shows· that the number of drunken husbands supported by this year, and the largest number of wives has diminished, and the wives are now experiencing the unaccus- new missionaries the Board has ever tomed luxury of being supported. Children already give evidence of had are under appointment to sail being better nourished. for their posts in thaendneraersigfnuattuiroe~ These facts should cause the the losses by death American people to line up solidly for full enforcement of the law. nearly balance the gain; reinforce- Student Volunteer Movement Broadens ments still are sorely needed. The THE Student Volunteer Move- Board wants for Africa alone twenty- ment will in the future include 11; five new workers; for China 30' calls· for service in the home field. This will be done in cooperation with Kor,:a, 15; India, 25; Japan: the Home Missions Council and the MeXICO, 12; East Persia, 7 ; West Home Boards. The Movement will render service ( 1) by listing all Persia, 13; Philippines, 15; Siam, needs and calls for the Home Mission . Boards in the same Bulletin 15; Brazil, 7; Colombia, 7; Venewith similar calls from the Foreign M.ission Boards; (2) including in the zuela, 2; Syria, 13; Chile, 7. Directory of Church Agencies with which the Christian students have AFederated Church in Massachusetts dealings, the Candidate Secretaries YEAR of federation of the of the Home Boards as well as the Foreign Boards; (3) cooperating churches in Ashland, Mass., has with the agents of the Home Boards changed the whole situation for the by giving them suggestions as to town. Congregational, Methodist and methods for finding candidates quali- Baptist Churches in March, 1919, fied to fill positions in home mission adopted the Articles of Federation work; (4) promoting the study of recommended by the Massachusetts the home mission courses provided Federation of Churches, and there is by the Home Boards in the same no longer a struggle to keep alive. general manner in which the Move- In March this year the combined ment has promoted the study of membership, after vigorous pruning, foreign mission courses; (5) recom- was 250, and there have been fifteen mending through the Christian or- additions since then. Attendance ganizations of the colleges that in the often reaches four hundred. The series of missionary meetings, lec- Federated Church is raising $700 a tures and topics of discussion clubs, year more than the combined budget home missions be given their proper of the three former churches, and place, and (6) helping the agents of the Home Mission Board to route the pastor receives $2000 salary. T r a v e ling Candidate Secretaries The Sunday-school is full of life whom the Home Mission Boards and has a membership of nearly fou; may desire to set apart for sound- hundred.

The Churches in Tennessee A SURVEY of seventeen coun- ties in Tennessee shows that the average Protestant Church has onlv seventy-five members. Many church buildings are used only twelve times a year, and one in every six is with- out a pastor. Only two out of three possess any record of membership.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

To Consider Mormon Field as from New York to Constantin- ople. ( 4 ) Better methods of com- HE Joint Committee on Mor- T monism of the Home Missions m u n ication-wireless stations. In Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions has appointed a some places the missionaries receive sub-committee to take into considera- only 2 or 3 mails a year. These tion the relative values of colportage, are material needs-above': all Alaska lectureships, churches, denominational -Eskimo, Indians and white men- school, mission enterprises, commun- needs the Gospel of Christ. ity centers, literature and its distri- bution, new cooperative agencies, LATIN AMERICA instruction in Theological Seminaries, enlistment of the clergy in preven- On the Mexican Border tive propaganda, legislation laws and enforcement, and such other mat- REV. JOHN BURMAN, a Swe- ters and methods as they feel should dish-American, is making his in- come under consideration in the fluence felt in Mexico. He found cooperative program of Reconstruc- Christ while working as foreman tion. The committee consists of Rev. in a copper smelter, gave up a F. L. Moore, Chairman (Congrega- good paying position and acquired tional); L. C. Barnes (Baptist); E. some education. He then served six L. Mills (Methodist Episcopal); A. years as a missionary in Bolivia and . ]. Montgomery (Presbyterian); Mrs. became acquainted with the Latin M. L. Woodruff (Methodist Epis- Americalp temperament. Returning copal); Mrs. F. W. Wilcox (Con- to the Southwest of the United gregational); John Wood (Protes- States he built up two Mexican tant Episcopal). churches, one on each side of the border. Last year he received thirty- Alaska's Needs seven Catholic Mexicans into his Old Mexico flock. He reports Mexico 'THE riches of Alaska have at- as increasingly friendly to Protestan- tism, and regards United States tracted thousands of settlers but military intervention as an over- with them have come the vices and whelming disaster. diseases of the States. Ten years ago, for instance, there were 12,000 Union Church in Mexico City Eskimo in Alaska; last year there were only 8000 and since 1918 at ALL English speaking Protestant least 1000 have died of influenza- churches in the city of Mexico most of them on the arctic circle. with the exception of the Protestant They are a virile race but at the Episcopal, have formed a union present death rate they will rapidly church. Its membership is about one disappear. hundred and fifty, and it has a strong and growing Sunday-school. Dr. John A. Marquis, who visited Alaska last summer reports that there Training Evangelists in Mexico are four great needs in Alaska (1) Medical work under Christian aus- HE School of Visitors" of pices-hospitals, physicians and nur- T Guanojuato, Mexico, has for its ses. There is a doctor at Point object the training of house to house Barrow but the nearest hospital is evangelists, and the course covers 600 miles away. (2) They need a one year. Thorough and practical division of territory among Evangel- Bible training is given, as well as the ical missions-to avoid overlapping history of the Reformation and early and to care for unoccupied areas. church history. Mornings are de- (3) They need modern methods of voted to study and in the afternoons homeopathies. From Sitka to Point the students go out on visitations Barrow is in point of time as far with their directress. Not only are the students developed in their per- sonal spiritual life, but they become

expert in the task of influencing Holy Virgin, for healing my others to· accept Christ. daughter Jane in September, 1918." Above are crutches reported to have Bible Work in South America been left by those who came there on them and departed without need- SHIPPING conditions between ing them. North and South America last year greatly crippled the work of A poor old woman of Santiago Scripture distribution. Nevertheless, said to one of the priests. "I want the results from the circulation of a nice mansion in heaven. How can Gospels in towns and villages was I get it?" "You can have one for far beyond mathematical computa- 30,000 pesos," was his reply. By tion. The workers rarely visit a the most rigid self-denial she was town without finding some who are able to hand over to the priest the keenly interested in the Bible, and 30,000 pesos at the time of her death. in many places the teaching of the Gospel is gaining ground rapidly. A Suggestion for Paraguay This is in spite of the unfriendliness of the priests, who are contin- ALTHOUGH the people of ually slandering the work. One wo- Paraguay are embittered against man said that the priest told her that Romanism, it does not follow that if she would not burn her Bible, it they are thereby drawn to evangelwould bring misfortune and sickness ical Christianity. Mr. Morton, of on her house. "That I dared not to the Disciples Mission, says that for do," she said, "and so I threw it into this reason a practical comparison of the canal; the water carried it away the two religions is what is needed into the interior of a vineyard and above all else. At present there is left it sticking in the mud; a con- no orphanage for boys in all Paratractor found it, cleaned it off and guay, and the only one for girls began to read it. "Since I came is an annex to an insane asylum. into possession of this book," said he, "things have changed The physical condition of the I feel as if I were a child of God." people is such that more than seventy- per cent of the conscripts have to The workers are looking forward be rejected. American packing comto an enlarged personnel, a Bible panies are ready to finance Chriscoach and Bible motor for Argentina tian social work in connection with and a Bible yacht for Paraguay. their plants in Paraguay. Mr. Mor- ton also urges an industrial and agri- Bible Society Record. cultural training institute for the Indians of the old Jesuit mission Heavenly Mansions for Sale territory.

NEAR Santiago, Chile, is a re- AUSTRALIA AND THE ISLANDS production of the Lourdes Grotto in France. The cavern is about Morality in Australia thirty feet wide and fifteen feet deep. On one side is a statue of the Virgin REV. C. B. COCKETT of Meland near the entrance are six spigots bourne, Australia, one of the of city water. The water that flows speakers at the International Confrom these spigots has been blessed, gregational .Council in Boston, reand is believed to have miraculous ports that in Sunday observance powers. The sick and crippled take Australia is ahead of America. There a drink, and many bring bottles to be are no theatres open on Sunday, and filled and carried home. Numerous in some provinces no trains or train slabs about the grotto bear such in- service; in others, car service is in scriptions as :"1 give thee thanks, 0 operation at the church hour only.

(Continued on page 839) What are You doing to spread the Gospel?

JOIN THE POCKET TESTAMENT LEAGUE and have a part in its endeavors to put the Word of God not merely into the pocket but into the life. .

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POCKET TESTAMENT LEAGUE Fifth Floor 156 Fifth Ave., New York City John Doe Was a Christian He was a devoted church worker He was an ideal husband and father He believed in Missions He wanted to provide for his wife's old age He wanted to help establish the Kingdom He made a Will BUT His Will contained a technical error It was contested It dragged through the courts His estate dwindled through litigation His widow had worry instead of ease John Doe meant well but he should have administered his own estate LIFE ANNUITY BONDS would have solved his problem For full information send a postal card to George M. Fowles, Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 Fifth Avenue. New York. or W. J. Elliott, Treasurer of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 170I Arch Street. Philadelphia. Pa.

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Address. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . City……………. State .•••…..

,uB I Ohurch…………………. AU Please mention THlC MISSIONAllY REvn~w 011 'tHE WORLD in writin£ to advertisers NEWS FROM MANY LANDS (Continued from page 836) He says that 'the churches are united This as an influence in politics, and that Smile they are putting up a strong fight Says "I against the liquor interests. There Hear Clearly" is also well organized welfare work among industrial classes. II you are hard of hearing. [you1 [have embarrassing amUotmruesnetms-bsaorradsosmyeo!Lurt friends. Is it not worth while to see if Interracial Y. M. C. A. in Honolulu can be a.voided?

THE Nuuanu Y. M. C. A., Hono- 400,lJuu ~rl:lunl:l are now nearing olearly by ~aid of the lulu, which was at first considered Acousticon. A New York physician says: "It is of great value a doubtful experiment, has just celebrated its second birthday and is beat all_devices to me. I should have been obli~d to give up the practice of now firmly established. It is carrying out along practical Christian lines r:'t!"~~::f~:.:';!thad not 0 ained this ot the fundamental principles of interracial fellowship. The building is We offer you the used by organizations of widely different interests, such as the Japanese 1920 Acousticon Chamber of Commerce and the. Korean Citizenship Club, and meet- For 10 Days' FREE TRIAL ings are held by interracial groups of Chinese, Japanese, Koreans, Ha- NO DEPOSIT-NO EXPENSE waiians, Filipinos and Americans. Noon religious meetings are held on :w1dd! Just write…ying "I am hard or h~nd'wilI try the Wednesdays where men of all races receive instruction in Christian prin- ~ue:~~n~ ~~ i:~ ~~ii~1 fo~ YO~rr&!m~ ciples. however. that the Acoustico. baa patented f.._ whieh cannot be duplica.ted. So no matter what your past experieneea have been. ,end for YOUR free trial today.

Dictograph Products Corporation 1447 Candler Building, New York Prohibition in the Phlllppines Save THE first anti-liquor bill was pre~ $32.00 sented to the Philippine legislature in 1918, but went no further We want you to KNOW that we can save you than the committee. The real con- from $25 to $32 by buying our test began last August. The regular session of the legislature was to be- Bulletin Board gin in October and continue until after prohibition should go into We also want you to KNOW tbat our board effect in the United States. The is made of the very b("st material, is DURA- Christian Service League and the BLE, HANDSOME, ATTRACTIVE, CON- Evangelical Union were each par- VENIENT. tially prepared to carry on the campaign, and literature was at once Make Us Prove It prepared, committees were formed and petitions circulated. Large pos- A Postal wiI1 save you many dollars. ters were displayed in different places. Mass meetings, led by R. W. HOLLINGSWORTH MFG. CO. leading Filipinos, drove home prohibition facts, and temperance songs OVERTON, NEB. were sung.

At the various hearings before the Prohibition Committee of the Legislature speeches were made by the dean of the College of Law, the assistant director of education of (Continued on page 840) Please mention THlC M1SfiIOlfARY }btvnew OF THlt WOllI..D in writing to advertisers ftlontgommery VVard NEWS FROM MANY LANDS & Company ( Continued from page 839) Manufacturers and Exporters the Philippine Islands. the director of of General Merchandise health of the Philippine Islands, one or two Filipino preachers and one or Have eatered to the requirements of two missIOnaries. In his message Missiouaries In all parts of the world. to the Legislature the Governor- for over 25 years. General recommended the passage of the prohibition bill and when the law- You are Invited makers had to close their regular session without acting upon that bill, to mite for a copy of our larce Catalog the Governor-General again asked of general Merchandise and our special them to pass it in their special session. But the law makers con- Missionary Circular sented only to increase the revenue. Although the campaign failed to We guarantee safe delivery bring about prohibition legislation, anywhere it had an important educative value, and the problem now is to educate MONTGOMERY WARD &I COMPANY the public conscience. Facts regard- ing the effects of alcohol must be Mi..ionary Bureau put in text books, and a mass of CHICAGO. ILL. evidence of its evil consequences must be given wider publicity.

$100.00 The Filipino Woman for Your Church TWENTY years of American Today's Housewife has helped administration in the Philippines churches all over the country to raise funds in a refined, dig- have broadened opportunities for nified manner. Far superior women. Coeducation has been a to the usual, threadbare, tiring principle in the entire school system. supper, sociable or bazaar. The CIVIC spirit aroused among Not a cent of expense or risk. women by Red Cross work, food Write tcday for details, Church campaigns and Liberty Loan drives Aid Department, led to the organization of women's clubs and a year ago the first con- Today's I-Iousewife, vention of such clubs was held.

100 Main St. Custom still holds sway on certain points. A woman does not drive a Cooperstown, New York horse or automobile, or ride a bi- cycle. She may wish to be a nurse, but men and boys occupy this field. She can do fine embroidery, but the men design the patterns. Statistics show that the percentage of women engaged in earning a livelihood is more than twice that in the United States.

(Missionary Library page 841) Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIltW ott THE WORLD in writing to advertisers MISSIONARY LIBRARY A Garo Jungle Book, or The Mission to the Garos of Assam. By Rev. William Carey and Others. Maps, illustrations. 57:'1 x 7% in. Pp. 283. (Price not given.) The Judson Press, Philadelphia. 1919.

This is of far higher value than For my sermons, I use Kipling's "Jungle Book," and his the large, bold type. "Second Jungle Book," if of somewhat less literary excellence. A Bap- Then by "Just turning tist missionary in Bengal, a relative the knob" the ~~ of the great pioneer of Indian Missions of the same surname, has given t1j~' 1.8 "ea.,,! ~(I" ,.., us these chapters each page of which is interesting. This jungle is inhabit- •• ~"~a.~. CO"".8~O~a..~o ed not by wild beasts but by the Garos of northeastern India who are 6y Sund4Y Schoo£ ~ot'e. or were wild enough to need taming. Their lair and the wild men are "ManYITypewriten In One" finely described in chapters I-V. When they leave their hill-top coverts Because of Its verl!latilityl and descend to the frontier markets, The Multiplex Hammond does "what a procession it is of black, everythjnll any other typewriter wUI weighted, nude-limbed, chattering creatures! How furtively they look do. and besidlJs. it you "Just turn the at you as they crouch beneath their knob" you ca.n chanp:e from one style of type. or trom one language, to anbaskets, arms hanging free, and other. Note the above specimen sword held firmly in the right hand (slightly reduced) all wriuen OR the ready to strike." After bartering SA ME fIIachin4. their jungle goods comes the feast. "There are caldrons of greasy pork, No Other Typewriter Can Do Thi. stuffed roast puppies, smoking No matter who mountains of coarse rice, and huge tubs of beer. But over this unsavory you are. tDhlJt you repast and subsequent carousal let us are, Olt whtlr. you draw the curtain." are. the Multiplex Hammond Is the The British Government found the Garos too near their capital for ~!t}nJu~o.ci:l~ comfort, as they had a way of descending upon the plain, and when the coupon for they had not been supplied with suf- tree folder. ficient "preservation of the head" money they would massacre the land- Also a PORTABLE Model holders, "collect vast numbers of their relatives and neighbors round Full capacity. Weight ..bout 11 pounds. the reeking heads; and filling thes.e Ask for special fOlder. MaUed free. with wine and food, would eat, drink and dance, chanting songs of tri- Inquire about apecial t.rma umph. The heads were then buried, to profe••ionat. to be dug up later, cleansed of their putrid flesh and hung up as trophies ____________ _Free Fo'der____________ _ in the houses of their slayers." In order to reduce such savages to THE HA.MMOND TYPEWRITER CO. civilized men, fearless David Scott in 1823 began for the government the 577 E••t 69th St.1 New York City. educative program, and in one of the frontier schools. three Garos were Please send free Folder to: N~e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ Ad~8 _~_________________ O~p.UOD ___________________ (Continued on page 842) Please mention THE; MISSIONARY RE;V1E;W OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers

MISSIONARY

Correspondence Courses Continued OF educated and became the first fruits of Garo Missions, as well as pioneers Union Bible Seminary in teaching the hillmen. The thril- ling story of Omed, Ramke and WESTFIELD. INDIANA Rangku, is wonderfully told. All were resourceful evangelists after the Have been studied by over 12.000 ministers. "man-cub" in them was developed missionaries, Sunday School workers and into earnest, trusting, Christian char- interested believers in the Premillennial acter. The beginning of the work of Second Coming of Christ. the Baptists for Garos dates really from Feb. 8, 1863, when five were SERIES I baptized, including Omed and TWENTY LESSONS IN BIBLE PROPHECY Ramke, Rangku being baptized three covering in a general way Bible History and Prophecy from years later. Genesis to Revelation. The story of the Christian develop- SERIES II ment of Assam is told in the latter TWENTY LESSONS IN REVELATION half of the book, an inspiring section of the modem Book of Acts. The or An exceedingly plain and reasonable interpretation this diffi~ reader follows Bronson and Stoddard in their early touring as they blaze cult book. trails for the Gospel; we see the Our Method.–8end One Dollar for either course, and a epoch-making Mason and Philips, leason sheet will be sent to your address weekly for 20 weeks. with their wives, starting stations and No further corres:Rondence necessary. un1eas you desire to ask doing the first things in that series questions, for which no charge is made. of manifold activities,-educational, E:wm.mations are optiona.bJe and charge 26c. medical, literary, industrial and DiplomGIJ granted for satisfaotory results. ecclesiastical,-which they and their S.unple••-Th. first sheet and prospectus of either course successors employed to transform the sent free on request. jungle into a paradise and wild men Students ean begin at any time and can study singlyor in classes. into Pilgrims and Evangelists and Pastors find it helpful to keep yuung people inter.oted in Bible more than one Greatheart. The 164,- study. Address 000 Garos have already done enough to make the beginnings effected pro- UNION BIBLE SEMINARY phetic of what the 5,777 church mem- bers will do to evangelize their fel- WESTFIELD. INDIANA lows. They have read Acts 8:4 and go everywhere "prattling the Word." Old Bibles As the author says: "They are Re-Bound equipped not only by their mountain segregation from the wasting curses Haven't you often wanted that old of. the plains, but also by many Bible re-bound-that old Bible with all customs followed in common with its associations and sentiment? You other Mongolians, which help to have wondered where you could have make them winsome and effective missionaries." This last and best . the work done and perhaps you have "jungle book" is worth reading for you and for your children. thought the price would be prohibitive. B. The rebinding of Bibles requires the work- manship and aervices of men who have made Some Aspects of International Christi- . a specialty of this kind of work. You can anity. By Dr. John Kelman. 167 have your Bible expertly rebound in leather pa·ges. New York. The Abingdon or doth. Press. $1.00 net, 1920.

Send me your Bihle by parcel post insured While Dr. Kelman does not claim – I will send you an estimate of the coat to have the knowledge of an expert subject to your approval before the work i. in international affairs, he has what done. (Continued on page 843) R. H. HOWLAND 156 Fifth Ave., New York Please mention THJt MISSIONARY RJcVIUW o' 'l'Hl WORLD in writing to advertisers

LIBRARY Tilling the soU in the fieJds

Haran. Northern Mesopotamia Continued The UNDERWOOD is of equal importance, an insight LECTURE SERMONS into the needs and hopes of men. He believes in the vitality of the Visualize true to Life Real Scenes. Buildings. principles of Christianity and their Customs and r eoples throughout the World, continuing power to mould even such -impersonal things as governments. bringing an aucience into intimate relation with the acti, ities of the inhabitants of all Countries The first chapter appeals to men to rededicate themselves to advance on and Climes: the uncertain future. even though by untrodden ways. The man who fails Bible Lands Asia now would break the unity of Popular Hymns history. He must look upon the sor- lJIustrated Songs Africa row stricken fields of earth and study Oceania the social unrest until he can think Art Lectures Boy Scouts dearly upon the grave problems it Nature Study, Birds. etc. Freedom in Evolution North America (6 periods—51 to 57 presents. South America slides. etc.) The second chapter is a study of Europe the relation of Patriotism to Christi- ~nity, and the third chapter ably dis- Recent Additions .cusses individual and national moral- ity. The fourth chapter deals with Poland and Czecho-Slovakia jugo-Slavia, Ukthe League of Nations as an unique raine and Lithuania. The Life of Christ in Art, conception. "The hour of history The Passion Play. The Birth of Our Nation. and the conditions of the world are unique and the arrangements which MAKE YOUR BOOKINGS NOW must be made for these must be equally so." Lecture Sets For Sale Dr. Kelman is admirable in his We'lffiust make room for the constantly growchallenge, so to speak. to thos.e who ing number of new sets, and are therefore offerwould charge him with dreams of Utopia and calls his readers' attention . ing a number of complete lecture sets at Y3 less to the words of Cleon that Paul's doctrine "could be held by no sane than regular prices. man." As a matter of fact the ideas thought of as wild and insane Eend for particulars of our special over-stock in one age are more alive in the next clearance offer. 51ides at 25c each in lots of than the "safe and sane" policies so 10, 25, 50 and 100 on many countries and subardently championed. jects.

The chapter on Statesmanship in Lanterns and Grapholcope Molion Picture Proiectou. Foreign Mission Work will be strikingly interesting not only to those UNDERWOOD & UNDERWOOD who are intimately concerned with missions, but to the general reader Dept. M. R. as well, because of the insight into the significance of this often misun- 417 Fifth Avenue New York derstood work.

The last chapter -"Britain to America"-uses tactful yet eager words to wipe awav all our differences. Surely every fair minded student of history will follow Dr. Kelman's thought with enthusiasm when he asserts that England has long been fighting for the cause of liberty which is the common mission of the Anglo-Saxon race.

(Continued on page 844) Please mention TH. MISSIONARY RlcVIlCW Og l'H:C WORI.D in writing to advertisers GET THIS ILLUSTRATED MISSIONARY LIBRARY BOOKLET TODAY-ONLY 16e Continued Ridding the World of Leprosy The Rebirth of Korea. By Hugh Heung-wo Cynn. 12mo. 272 pp. By w. M. DANNER $l.50 net. The Abingdon Press, New York and Cincinnati. Every Christian should read this succint account of the great problem which concerns The Principal of the Pai Chai the Protestant Clturch especially today. It Haktang School of Seoul, Korea, gives in a nutshell, facts that many would gives in this volume a very vivid like to k.low: How the Mission to Lepers but temperate description of the Works-Restoring to Helpfulness-Saving Korean independence movement. the Untainted Children-Curing the Incur- Mr. Cynn is a Christian, educated able-How it can be Done. in the University of California and has been in close contact with the 48 pages, paper covers-containing Japanese educational authorities. colored map showing distribution of He shows himself to be a thorough Leprosy in the World. Christian, as well as an intelligent and self-denying patriot. We have Sent postpaid-15c per copy seen no clearer description of the independence movement than that ADDRESS given in this volume which, though written from the Korean viewpoint The American Mission to Lepers and naturally not sympathetic with Japanese aspirations, acknowledges 156 Fifth Ave. New York the benefits of Japanese administra- tion. These improvements and re- "Oh! For a Thousand Tongues forms may have benefited the Ko- reans, materially, but they have not to Sing been pro!llpted by unselfish mo- tives on the part of the Japanese. My Dear Redeemer's Praise" Twenty times as much proportion- ately has been spent for Japanese A practical way of fulfilling education in Korea, as for the eduthis desire is offered through cation of the Koreans. While in the Japanese schools 65,000 Ko- The American Christian rean children have been accommo- Literature Society for Moslems dated, these advantages have been available for only one out of 250 REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D., of c."o, p…;den! of the Korean population. Over 34,000 Japanese children have been ROBERT Eo SPEER, of New Yor~ Vice~President provided for in the Japanese schools which have been able to DELAVAN L. PIERSON, of New York, Vice-Preaident provide for more than one in ten of the Japanese settlers in Korea. Islam does not see the glory of the Incarnation, the Atone- • Among the valuable features of ment and the Holy Trinity, and this volume are the translations of the Korean documents, including denies the integrity of the the Declaration of Independence, the Letters of Protest to the J ap- Scriptures. anese, the demands for reforms There is, hawever, a new spirit drawn up by missionaries, and the of inquiry everywhere and text of Japanese-Korean treaties.

Mohammedans are eager for Noone can read this history the Christian message. without being moved with the The Literature published by keenest sympathy for Korean pa- triotic ambitions and the deepest the Society is evangelical and indignation against Japanese ofadapted to the Moslem mind. ficials, and without realizing the It goes even where no mission- ( Continued on page 845) aries are allowed.

Fund. ore urgently needed to preach the GOllpel to Mohammedans through the printed paNe Se…l gift. to MRS. E. E. OLCOTT7 Treasurer~ 3!! West 75th St., New York Write for informa.tion to MRS. JAMES MDNTGOMERY,Sec'y, Bos888,Ne"Yo,kC;!y Please uit:ntion THlt MISSIONARY R:t;VII;W OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers MISSIONARY LIBRARY They Have Contznued Tested It possibilities of development in edu- "I feel that lam not adequately qualified to cated Christian Koreans for self- teach the lesson until I have studied it in the government. We heartily recom- Times. It contains the best and ablest helps mend this volume to all interested that I can find." in the progress of Korea. A West Virginia Pastor. The Negro: An American Asset. A Study by Rev. S. ]. Fisher, 12mo. "I use constantly your reading suggestions 186 pp. 60 cents cloth, 30e paper. on the le.son, and feel that I cannot get alons Presbyterian Board of Missions without them; in fact, I do not see how I for Freedmen. Pittsburg, Pa. 1920. could be a Sunday school superintendent at all without the co-operation of The Sunday It is difficult for most pt;ople to School Times." think of the Negro without pre;- udice. Either they are influenced A Tennessee Superintendent. by affection for some good colored "mammy," or by bitter antagonism "I have been able to get a number of our because of dislike for ignorant and people to take The Sunday School Times and criminal Negroes, or by pity for a it is a ble.sed experience to watch them grow downtrodden, handicapped race. Dr. in grace and in the knowledge of our Lord Fisher writes dispassionately and Jesus Christ. Your allegiance to the gospel from first hand knowledge. He de- fundamentals is assuredly refreshing and scribes the history of the Negro in strengthening in the atmosphere of dou bt and America, the religious and home uncertainty that is so prevalent. t, life today, the political, industrial and educational problems and the A Wisconsin Pastor. outlook for the future. The Negro is a liability or an asset in propor- "I am teacher of the Bible class in a little tion as he is kept in a wholesome country church. Seven of the memhers of environment, is trained for useful my class have subscribed for The Sunday service and is brought into prac- School Times and I look forward with rare tical Christian experience. Dr. pleasure to our weekly talks on the lesson Fisher's volume is adapted for a because I feel that your paper will be an intext book, with questions on each spiration to them, as it has been to me, in chapter. It is worthy of study for getting at the heart of each lesson." it deals with a very pressing problem in an up to date and intelligent A Virginia S. S. Teacher. way. Will You Test It—Right Now?

Not only for yourself-do that, anyway- but why not send it to a few friends? Why not speak at once to some of your fellow workers in the Sund.ay school, and let them know that they too can have Foreign Missions Conference Report. or 1It weeks for 25 ten(s–Qur "Get-Acquaint. Edited by F. P. Turner. Pamphlet 75 cents. 25 Madison Ave., New ed" offer which thousands have accepted? York. 1920. …. And this means receiving ."ery week for The Annual Foreign Missions Conference brings together about 10 weeks the best work of a dozen four hundred missionary specialists t.rained specialists on the study and ,l' each year for a three days' conference. The printed report contains teaching of the International Im- <C> the papers, addresses, reports and business transacted. The meeting proved Uniform· Lessons, with .,0< last January dealt particularly with a wealth of other articles of International and Interchurch co- absolutely vital concern to >v0 operation with German missions, "".<> the war and missions, women's ..'" the Christian of today. work, politics and missions, un- This coupon is for <" THE SUNDAY occupied fields and the Christian. o~<> SCHOOL TIMES message. The statistics and direc- -t your convenience. COMPANY . (Continued on p. 846) ..0. 1031 Walnut St., Philadelphia ; ..-.c– For the U ew.ta enQloooo. lleese ~~o; to~~% ~:kS St~nday School T1mes ~ ….e/' N ame________ — ___________________ Add ress. _______________________________.

Please mention THI M'SS'ONAIIY Rsvmw 011 THI WORl.D ·in writing to advertisers For a concise, vivid and MISSIONARY LIBRARY authentic account of the (Continued trom p. 845) Japanese Administration in Korea tory of societies a.re now published in a separate volume-the "Foreign Japanese Policy in Korea Missions Year Book." (Price $1.00). The Rise of Democratic and Nation- alistic Spirit Among the Koreans Social and Religious Life of Italians in. America. By Rev. E. C. Sartorio, READ 8vo. 149 pp. $1.00. Christopher Publishing House, Boston. 1920. The Rebirth of Korea An Italian view of Italians in The Reawakening of the People: Its Causes Ilnd America is sure to be of interest. Mr. Sartorio is a Protestant Chris- the Outlook tian, and gives a clear picture of life in Italian colonies, the influ- By HUGH HEUNG-WO OYNN. ence of America on the immigrants. Principal Pai Ch80i Ha.k:tang, Seoul, Korea mission work among them and methods by which Italians may "The entrance into English literature, and be- best be approached. As a minister fore the American public, of the Korean who of the Protestant Episcopal Church wields such a facile and trenchant pen, is an event Mr. Sartorio naturally pays esof no small importance in the literary and politi- pecial attention to the work of ·that ca.l, as well as the religious world. One of the Church. It is worth while to set> elements of strength and durability, is the chast- Italians in America through thi~ ened self-control of the writer. The book is clear sighted author's eyes. bound to be an epoch-maker and to bring the Baptist Missions in the South. 12mo. ~~~~~~(>~~fJ::~n:~~~~~~«~~egri~~.Pinion to 205 pp. 55 centS. cloth.

Illustl ated. Net, $1.50, postpaid Country Churches in the South. 12mo. (Price subject to change without notice) 207 p. 60 cents, cloth.

AT THE BETTER BOOK SHOPS The Call of the South. 12mo. 222 pp_ 60 cents cloth. THE ABINGDON PRESS By Victor 1. Masters. Home Mission Board of the Southern (P.unded 1789) Baptist Convention Atlanta. Georgia. 1919. New York Cincinnati Chicago BOlllon P.hl.barah San Fra!ll"isco These three volumes offer tht> Detroit Kansas City basis for a practical and compre- hensive study of Christian work in Portland~ Ore., Salesroom the Southern States. They have been prepared by the Superintend- GORDON ent of Publicity of the Southern Baptist Convention as text books Bible for Home Mission study classes. As such and for their general in- College formation they have value.

T HEOLOGICAL. Missionary. Reli- o Hana San-A Girl of Japan. By gious-Educational College course of 4 years. college degree of T. B. Grad- Constance A. Hutchinson. Illus- uate school of Theology. 3-year course trated 12mo. 160 pp. 2s. net Church graduate degree of B. D. Two-year Missionary Society, Lond.on, 1919. collegiate training course. Interdenom.. inational. Of full college and graduate The romance a.nd oddities of grade. with a wide range of studies. per- child life in Japan are woven into meated by a remarkable evangelical this story of a Japanese girl who spirit. Notable faculty and student came under Christian influence and body. New and beautiful fireproof was thereby transformed. It is a buildings. with dormitories. Organized good book for girls, combining in- religious work. Self-support. For cat- formation as to Japan with the alog and correspondence address interest attached to Oriental life and the inspiration of Christian NATHAN R. WOOD, President influence. Gordon Bible College Boston, Mass.

Please mention TH~ MISSIONARY bYlaw or 'rRI WenD in writiq to adTertUera MISSIONARY PERSONALS The Canton Christian DR. JAMES L. BARTON, Secretary of the College American Board of Commissioners for Is in urgent need of money with: which to carrv on its work in the in- Foreign Missions, was elected permanent terest of all the missions.

chairman of the International Congrega- Fifty-seven per cent of the expenses are met by the receipts from the . tional Council. '" '" students so that about forty-three DR. ANDREW C. MURRAY, General Sec- per cent constitutes the annual def- icit. Of this annual deficit only retary of the Nyassaland Mission, has about ten per cent is derived from interest on invested funds, including come to America for a period of three endowment, while nearly ninety per cent must be raised annually in or four months to awaken interest in direct gifts from individuals, branches of the General Association of the opening Portuguese territory to mission- College, church sessions, Sunday Schools and missionary societies. ary effort. .. '" . The danger is that if at the end of the year the annual deficit is not REv. EDWIN F. LEE, D. D., of the Board covered by gifts, then there is a real deficit which amounts to a set of Foreign Missions of the Methodist back. This is the case just now with the College. Everyone can do some- Episcopal Church has been elected Asso- thing and every gift is gratefully received, from a one cent postage ciate Secretary, with Europe and North stamp up to a million dollars toward the endowment fund. But why stop Africa as his special field. there? At present put of a popula- tion of 35,000,000 in the two Kwang * '" .. Provinces there are only 1,500 boys and girls in Christian high schools, DR. MARY STONE, the well-known Chi- and in college. One-third of these are in Canton Christian College. nese woman physician, has been offered Write for information on how to the deanship of a Union Nurses' Training interest children and grown-ups in missions and how to become a col- School about to be opened in Shanghai, lecting or contributing member of the General Association of the Colunder the auspices of several American lege and be sure to read the article in this number of the Missionary Mission Boards. Review by Mahlon H. Day.

REV. S. B. ROH'"OLD*, *Superintendent of Trustees of the the Presbyterian Mission to the Jews in Canton Christian College Toronto, has accepted a call to under- 156 Fifth Ave., New York take the work of organizing a Bible School in Palestine, under the direction of the London jew's Society.

* .. '"

BISHOP W. R. LAMBUTH, of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, South, sailed for the Orient with a party of missionaries in July. * ….

DR. WIUIAM C. STURGIS, Educational Secretary of the Protestant Episcopal Board of Missions, is devoting a year of study to every aspect of the mission field. He expects to visit Italy, India, Siam, Ceylon, Burma, the Philippines, China and Japan.

REV. JOHN E. *RO'B" IN'S" ON, D. D., mis- sionary bishop of the Methodist Church in India from 1904, has retired from ac- tive service but will continue to reside in India.

MR. AND MRS. '" F.'" S.* BROCKMAN have recently returned from the special mis- sion to Japan, China and Korea, to help forward the Young Men's Christian As- sociation work in those countries.

MR. MYRON A.'" C'L" AR'"K, pioneer secre- tary of the Y. M. C. A. in South America and oldest in continuous service on the staff, died suddenly May 16, shortly after his return to Rio de Janeiro.

*** BISHOP FRANK W. WARN>;, of Luck- now, India, was able to reach America to attend the General Conference only by signing articles of agreement to work as an oiler in the engine room of a freight steamer. The Bishop arrived in New York May 6, and received $57 for his services, which he distributed among the other members of the engine room force.

Please mention THJt MISSIONARY RI!VI.W OI' 'tHI! WonD in writing to advertiaeta The Religious Press As a subscriber to religious magazines you are keenly appreciative of their value to you, to our country and to the church. They are the one class of publications which carry the message of righteousness as the dominant theme. They are one of Christianity's greatest forces-the printed page at work for God and men, week in and week out, year after year.

There are hundreds of thousands of readers of religious magazines. These readers are-like yourself-the backbone of our nation-the one class of peopJe whose chief thought is to make the world a better world-a Christian world. Think of the influence of the printed page carrying the vital message of Christ to these thousands of earnest persons.

Like other publications, religious magazines carry advertising as a business proposition for the revenue adverti,;ing brings, but unlike other publications, the religious press carries advertising for the sake of others also-for the benefit ofthe reader-yes, and for the benefit of the advertiser. This magazine solicits and accepts only that class of advertising which is worthy of encouragement -it maintains a standard of excellence designed to protect the reader, the advertiser and the magazine.

Those of you who place advertising have a great market to be reached through the religious press. Those readers who buy, will fmd it worth their while to spend a few moments in those "cozy corners" in the front and back of the magazine-the advertising pages.

If you want to buy advertising, or want to buy something you don't see advertised in this magazine write to the TIlE MISSIONARY Advertising Manager The Missionary Review of the World ~~WORLD 156 Fifth Avenue Member of the Religious New York Press Department of the Associated Advertising Clubs of the World.

PIeue mea.tioa. TB. MtSSION'AllY Rsvucw all l'HlC WORLD in writing to advertisers

Sacrament of the Lord's

gains in dignity, devotion, solemnity and impressiveness through the consciousness of its being served in cups that are absolutely sanitary, and free from the dangers that are associated with public drinking-cups.

The Holy Communion There is no time in the Christian's life when he comes into closer and more intimate relationship with the Divine than when he sits at the Lord's table. The Christian examir:es himself and looks forward to the sacrament of communion as a season of blessing. Why not apprcach its celebration with unalloyed joy; dis- carding all fears; thinking only of the wonde~ful privilege? .

A Time of Reverence It is now generally recognized that the Sanitary individual cup increases the attendance because it removes all fear of uncleanliness, and promotes a deeper reverence in the communicant. The Sanitar-y Communion Outfit Company offer an improved and sat- isfactory outfit throughout, including the highly polished beautiful mahog- any tray here shown. This tray eliminates all noise, is lighter and more easily handled than others and is more in keeping with the furniture of the church than a tray of any other material.

Make your communion service all that it should be; send for free booklet and catalogue (with quotations).

NOTE–In many States the Jaw now forbid. Sanitary Communion Outfit" Co. the use of the single cup at the oommuniOll _57th Street :t~i~. y!~ should noi~. ~~~;i:4: :~ ref~ar~mth~ Rochester, N. Y. of co very reason. If you have D ye opted the modern, sanitary communion CUP. let this be ooe of your fint forward steps in 1920.

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SINGING MEANS

Does y-our music measure up?

This New Volume of the World's Best Selected Gospel Hymns will create again the old-time interest and enthusiasm in your singing. Every hymn is not only a familiar favorite, but carries a vital and living message to all Humanity. Next to the power of gospel preaching, these great hymns have been one of the strdngest influences in religious life. Through their singing alone vast multitudes have been moved to take up the Cross, and go forward.

Selected Go~pel Hymns presents a discerning choice of those hymns from the famous "Moody & Sankey Gospel Hymns, Nos. 1 to 6 Complete," which have endeared themselves to generation after generation.

Constituting a composite choice of the favorite hym.ils of the Church.

For use in the Church, Sunday School, Sunday Evening Services, Prayer Meetings, Missionary and Young, People's Societies, this book provides an abundance of good singable'music for every purpose. It is also conveniently arranged for use in conjunction with "Gospel Hymns, Nos. 1 to 6 complete," if desired. Each hymn in the new book carries its own number as well as the number of the same hymn in the larger book.

Contains 256 pages, 271 hymns, Scripture readings, regular index and topical index. Published in round notes, with the original words and music, and is substantially b(>lJt)d.in FULL CLOTH.

As a means of enlarged and exhilarated devotion this book will meet the needs 01 the most exacting and di~criminating Church. It will bring you a collection of dignified music that by actual analysis has been proved to have a tremendous hold upon the hearts <tlld minds of the gn'at Christian Church. Your satisfaction is guaranteed.

, 'FuIl.C1oth, Ink Stamped, $50 per ioo copies. Single copies, 60c postJIIlld. Orders for less than 20 copies sent postpaid at the single copy rate. Examination copy maned promptly upon request; , THE BIG LOW & M A I N COM PAN Y ,,~sk 15 156 Fifth Avenue New York Please mention THI; MISSIONARY RltVIlW or -rD. Wo.w in writing to advertisers

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1920

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World's Sunday School Association Metropolitan Tower, New York or to any office of Thomas Cook & Son THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN 1.. PIERSON, Etliltlr.

CONTENTS FOR MAY, 1920 Page COVER ILLUSTRATION-"CoME OVER IN'tO ASIA AND HELP Us."

FRONTISPIECF.-LEADIlRS OJ! WORI,D WIDE SUNDAY SCHOOL WORK.

EDITORIAL COMMENT, •.•…..•………….•••…….•……….-…•…..• 321 TURKIlY IN TURMOIL CooPERAtION IN LA'tIN AMERICA CHRIstIAN EDUCAtION IN AMERICA WORK FOR tHE COMING GENERAtION T:a:E TOYKO CONVENTION WORLD WIDE SUNDAY SCHOOL WORK ……•….. By FRANK L. BROWN 331 A general survey with map and illustrations, showing the outstanding facts of evangelistic and educational work in mission /ields.

THE NECESSITY FOR CHRISTIAN EDUCATION , By NORMAN E. RICHARDSON 337 A clear and convincing statement of the value of Christian education in the social, political and religiolu life of a nation.

WORTH QUOTING …………••.•….•…•.•• SELEC'I'IONS }'ROM FAMOUS MEN 342 MISSIONARY TRAINING IN THE SUNDAY SCHOOL By GEORGE H. TRULL 343 Facts and incidents ill14strating the great possibilities for educating 'young people through the Bible Schools to take their share in the world's work.

SUNDAY SCHOOL WORK IN MANY LANDS Where the Drum Calls to Sunday School-Africa .. By JEAN MACKENZn; 349 Saving the Children of Moslem Lands ………… By StEPHEN TROWBRIDGE 353 The Sunday School and the Future of Japan …… By HORACE E. COLEMAN 359 The Work in Latin America …………………….. BY SAMUEL-D. PRICE 362 The Importance of Bible Study in China ………….. By OTto BRASKAMP 365 Sunday School Work in India …………………… By RICHARD BURGES 369 "Timothy Stand-by" on Sunday Skool Doins in Ameriky .. By JOSEPH CLARK 372 Sunday Schools on the Continent of Europe …….. By HENRY M. PHILCOX 377 MISSIONARY METHODS FOR SUNDAY SCHOOLS …. MRS. E. C. CRONK 379 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN •••….. MISS FLQRllNCE E. QUJNUN 386 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS …………………………………..••…. 391 THE WORLD'S SUNDAY SCHOOL ASSOCIAtION ……………………………… X B:EST BOOKS FOR SUNDAY SCHOOL WORKIlRS ……………… ALLAN SutHERLAND iv How WE HELPED OUR MISSIONARY COMMI't'tEE ………….. By FRANK L. BROWN xviii TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cent!'. Single copies, 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1920, by Missionary Review Publishing Compaity, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Cooperstown, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

THE llUSSIONAR Y REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

Robert It. Speer, l'r…ldeut. Frank L. Brown, Vice-President. DeI.Tan L. Plerson. Secretail' Walter McDo~lJ Trealurer a5~~li~on office, Cooperstown'$2.50Y'; )'ear Editorial and BU~~~"Yor~~i';'S6 Fifth Avenue, • ltntered a• •econd-c1au matter at the Postoffice Cooperstown, New York. under the Act of loIarela 3, 1879.

Copyrighted, 1920 The Sunday-School Work outlined and detailed in this number of the MISSIONARY REVIEW has interested . you. Will you now make a contribution to "Carry On" to a still greater success? A gift of any amount will be appreciated and helpful.

Creating a Life Membership may appeal to you.. More than 100 have already been constituted. The one thousand dollars can be sent at once or in four annual payments.

Write lor Annuity Terms. Remember the Association in your will.

World-wide Sunday-School Work pays the largest dividends because invested in the character making of youth in every land. Make checks payable to ARTHUR M. HARRIS, Treasurer, and forward to WORLD'S SUNDAY SCHOOL ASSOCIA TION 216 Metropolitan Tower, New York City Please mention THB MISSIOIIARY REVIEW OF TH£ WORLD in writing- to advertilen

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THE HOME DEPARTMENT By Mrs. Minnie K. L. Karnell Boards, 96 pages ~~~~:roel~l1:S tfl£l:tal~!~~a~e:~~~f pra~U~~!~ .ented ha.Ving been tested out and proved practical." -Christian Standard.

50 cents each, postpaid The Presbyterian Board of Publication (Tho Westm.inster Pres.) PHILADELPHIA AND DEPOSITORIES (Continued on page VI) Please mention THE MISSIONARY RI!VIJlw oP 'l'B~ WOIILD in writina: to advertisers The Sacrament of the Lord's Supper gains in dignity, devotion, solemnity and impressiveness through the consciousness of its being served in cups that are absolutely sanitary, and free from the dangers that are associated with public drinking-cups.

The Holy Communion There is no time in the Christian's life when he comes into closer and more intimate relationship with the Divine than when he sits at the Lord's table. The Christian examines himself and looks forward to the sacrament of communion as a season of blessing. Why not apprcach its celebration with unalloyed joy; dis- carding all fears; thinking only of the wonderful privilege?

A Time of Reverence It is now generally recognized that the Sanitary individual cup increases the attendance because it removes all fear of uncleanliness, and promotes a deeper reverence in the communicant. The Sanitary Communion Outfit Company offer an improved and sat- isfactory outfit throughout, including the highly polished beautiful mahog- any tray here shown. This tray eliminates all noise, is lighter and more easily handled than others and is more in keeping with the furniture of the church than a tray of. any other material.

Make your communion service all that it should be; send for free booklet and catalogue (with quotations).

N DTE–In many States the law now forbids Sanitary Communion Outfit Co. the use of the single cup at the communion 600 57th Street tlri:i~. y~~/~~u~dl~~li~. nThs:aTct~t~~! Rochester, N. Y. unclean and unsanitary. Many thoroughly good Christians have refrained from partaking of communion for this very reason. Jf you have not yet adopted the modern, sanitary communion cup, let this be one of your first forward steps in 1920.

Please menti.on THJ£ MISSIONARY R~VlltW or 'tHIe WORLD in writing to advertisers LATEST SUNDAY SCHOOL j SCHOOL WORKERS "Tools" (Continuek from page Iv) for SUPERINTENDENT PLANS FOR SUNDAY SCHOOL PASTOR, TEACHER EVANGELISM, by Frank L. Brown, cloth 12 mo. $1.50, F. H. Revell Co.

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P1euc mention ha M,u,o…..r RlcVIlIW or TalC WOllU> in writing to advertiser. THE OLD METHOD OF T E TEACHING THE BIBLE OLD S NEW by texts, verses, chapters, etc., ljIo matter what it may have accomplished in T the past, has utterly failed in this age. A You can teach a parrot to quote Scripture but he won't know what he is talking M about. But do not blame the parrot, intelligent human beings cannot learn the E Bible that way. N ~ 'the greatest need of the average man and women is not a profounder grasp or better appreciation of individual texts and verses but a comprehensive grasp of the book as a whole, a Bird's-eye view of the historical sweep and meaning of the Canon as a whole.

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Marks of a World Christian, DANIEL JOHNSON FLEMING An analysis of "the mind which each Christian should bring to bear upon the world, .. in these days when we need to realize that we must be world Christians if Christians at all. Arranged for daily reading and study during nine weeks. .90.

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EVIEW, VOL. MAY, [920 XLIII TURKEY IN TURMOIL W ESTERN ASIA, stretching from the Aegean Sea to the Caspian and from the Black Sea ,and the Caucasus Moun-· tains to the Persian Gulf, is in a state of unrest more alarm- . ing and disorganized than ever before during the last century. The Allies have been in Constantinople in force for more than a year, and officially took possession of the city recently, when the Marash atrocities against Armenians became known. Constanti- nople, however, does not control the interior of Turkey, since Mus- tapha Kemal Pasha, a revolutionist at the head of an army of Turks estimated at from twenty to one hundred thousand well armed men, holds the interior of Asia Minor and Anatolia. Mus- tapha was a member of the Union and Progress Party under Enver, and several members of that old party of ill repute are in the Cabinet at Constantinople.

In the meantime, Feisal, the son of Husein, King of the Hedjaz, has set himself up in Damascus· as King of the state or federation embracing Mesopotamia, ~rabia, Syria and Palestine, and he has warned the Allies there to evacuate the territory. The French have been fiercely attacked in Oilicia by Mustapha and his Nationalist forces reinforced by armed irregulars. Mter three weeks of fight- ing, the French were compelled to retire upon Aintab, where the buildings of Central Turkey Oollege were turned into a fort and put into readiness for a prolonged siege. In Marash and neighboring villages this attack upon the French was accompanied by fiendish atrocities committed upon the unarmed and helpless Armenians. Several thousands of these-just how many will probably never be known-were horribly murdered, including women and children. The American missionaries and relief workers remained with the remnant of the people after the French retired.

32ll

It is reported that Oorfa, a relief and mission station in Mesopotamia near the Baghdad Railway and recently occupied by the }~rench, has also been evacuated. The forces of Mustapha are now across the road that leads from Aintab to Aleppo. It :WaS upon this road a few miles out from Aintab that two American Relief workers, James Perry and Frank Johnson, were killed on February 2. Possibly they were mistaken for French officers,-;as the marauding bands who infest all Cilicia seem to have no contest with the Americans. The Turks are organized for guerrilla warfare, while the French have no aeroplane~ or wireless apparatus or even mounts for their men.

The interior of Anatolia and Asia Minor is in a state of ~ alarming unrest. The Turks have been arming themselves and the . Armenians are naturally in a state of terror. No Allied forces could reach those regions except after long delay.

In Transcaucasia, where are the three Republics, Georgia, Azberaijan and Armenia, disorder prevails. The Bolshevists are making a strong bid for the territory and they have a fair chance to win unless something decisive is done soon. The Tartars of Azerbaijan are hostile to the Armenians; having but recently begun attacks upon them. None of these Republics is armed and. equipped to resist successfully a concerted attack.

The Allies, exhausted by the war, are at their wits' end. The French backed by Lloyd-George and his advisers are determined to keep the Sultan at Constantinople, while others of the British, represented by Lord Bryce and Lord Robert Cecil, would send him into the interior. The Bolsheviks claim that Constantinople was promised to Russia and they are now ready to receive it. The Greeks say Constantinople belongs by right to them. England, France and Italy hold the city with the help of the machinery of the Turkish Government, but none of them could hold it alone without the consent of the others. Military occupation of the city will have about as much effect upon the pacification of the country as the military occupation of Portland, Maine, would have upon a riotous strike in San Francisco.

The French propose to withdraw their claim upon Cilicia'and Lesser Armenia and turn the entire area back to the Turks, thus again exposing the large non-Moslem population there-many of them returned Armenian exiles and orphans-to government by massacre. At the same time the French maintain that they must have Syria because they need its wealth of cotton, silk and wheat products.

The King-Crane Commission, which made a thorough investigation of conditions, reported last August to the Paris Supreme Coun- -oil that the Arabs, Syrians and Turks would never accept the French as a mandatory power. They made it .clea:r th.~t if :Franc~

EDITORIAL COMMENT

attempted to hold control of any part of that country she would have to win it by war. Events of the past two months demonstrate the accuracy of the conclusion of the Commission. The Turks are in a position to resist vigorously the occupation of the territory by France, Greece and Italy i and in Syria and Arabia will have the cooperation of the Arabs and the Syrians as well as of the Bedouins in Palestine.

Armenia, named in the Covenant of the League of Nations "the ward of civilization," lies prostrate and bleeding. The decision to leave the Turks in control shatters the hope of a united and protected Armenia in her ancestral home. The half million or more Armenian refugees now receiving aid from America through the Near East Relief, at the hands of some 500 American agents on the ground, will not be able to return to their homes in Turkish Armenia so long as it is under the control of the Turks, and the chances are that those who are now in the country will be compelled to flee to avoid annihilation.

If the United States had early ratified the Treaty and expressed her willingness to aid in peaceably solving the problem, these conditions might have been avoided. America has held for months the key to a situation which for its perplexing and downright peril has not been surpassed or hardly equaled by any other post-war question. The entire country is covered by American missionaries and American workers under the Near East Relief. These seem to be the only 'Ones who are caring for the affiicted and stricken peoples. Their presence inspires in the breast 'Of the discouraged a faint ray of hope that the Christian heart of America will not leave them to be absolutely and forever cut off from the land of the living. America cannot wash her hands of responsibility. What shall we say in that day when He that sitteth upon the throne shall say, !'Inasmuch as ye did it not unto them, ye did it not unto Me."

MISSIONARY COOPERATION IN LATIN AMERICA S OME OF the benefits of cooperative planning are seen in the work of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America which was ,one outcome of the Panama Conference in 1916. At the time of that Conference, Latin America was little known as a mission field, and the thirty Protestant mission societies doing work there had never been united by considering any program for the evangelization of the Latin Americans. There was no union work in education, publication, hospitals or evangelism.

Only in Porto Rico, Cuba and Brazil had there been any attempt at division of territory. Even socially and commercially North and South, America were ;n;torf )Vi.~ely s,eparateQ. thaI) were America ,and Asia. ..

The Panama Conference and the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America have been influential in effecting a great change. Knowledge has increased, travel has become more common, commerce has grown and missionary forces have unitedly considered the best way to accomplish their common task in the twenty Latin American lands. The Committee has done its work through a central committee of which Robert E. Speer is Chairman and Samuel Guy Inman, Secretary, by correspondence and conferences and by printed literature and reports. The results include the better distribution of territory among cooperating Boards in Porto Rico, Cuba, Mexico, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina and Paraguay. Detailed studies have been made of each country to determine the best way to effect their more thorough evangelization. The program adopted includes the occupation of neglected fields, the establishment of union colleges, theological seminaries, magazines and presses and other cooperative work.

Among the achievements of the Committee last year were the following, as shown in the report of Secretary Inman: 1. The division of territolY. among the cooperating societies in Mexico.

2. A personal survey of the hitherto neglected fields of Haiti, Santo Domingo and the formation of a plan for occupying that island.

3. The launching of the monthly Christian Review in Spanish, entitled "La Nueva Democracia." Many articles have also been furnished to the press in North American and lantern slides have been prepared for public lectures.

4. A missionary survey of Latin America and the drawing up of a budget and proposals for a five year program. ..

5. Arranging for a regional Conference in Central America. Several small conferences have been held in New York to formulate programs for Argentine, Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, Venezuela and Cuba.

6. The employment of a Secretary of literature for Brazil, a Secre- tary of education and a Secretary of cooperation for Mexico.

7. The publication of a directory of missionaries, mission schools and literature in Latin America.

8. Preparation of a Spanish Sunday School Lesson Commentary.

Publication of temperance literature in Spanish. The opportunity for temperance work is increasing.

9. Beginning of Union Seminaries in Porto Rico and Brazil. The seminary in Porto Rico has twenty-three students.

10. Opening of a union bookshop in Santiago, Chile.

One of the important projects being promoted in Cuba by the Committee on Cooperation is a larger union Evangelical Church and Social Center to cost about $250,000. The need of such a center about which to rally evangelical Christian forces is seen in the growing commercial importance of Havana and the increasing English-speaking population. It is estimated that over 50,000 tourists come and go through Havana every year. Other agencies ~re establishing amusement centers of an undesirable character

EntTOlllAL

and there is need for a definite and thoroughly organized evangelical Christian work, especially for the young people.

Many will be surprised to know that there are already seven union missionary enterprises in Mexico. These include two secretaries for cooperation work, a union church, union seminary, union periodical, union printing press and union book store. Nine Boards are cooperating in these enterprises. Other cooperative work planned includes a union university, two union agricultural schools, a union hospital and a union trading school for women-all in Mexico. For Cuba, three union enterprises are in operation and four others are on the program. For Porto Rico three are established and another is proposed; for Santo Domingo and Haiti the entire work is planned on a union basis; in Panama the- college, training school and English Church are union institutions; in Chile there are four union forms of work and another is planned; Argentina has two in operation and another proposed; a union faculty has been approved for Uruguay; Brazil has a Union Theological Semiary and a University Federation, a secretary for union literary work and a union hospital with proposals for other forms of union work.

Thi"S program and achievement indicates real foresight, and marks encouraging progress in the past five years. The recent Central American Conference, held in Guatemala city in March, was unusually successful in bringing the workers into closer cooperation, in emphasis "On high standards of work and in outlining a program for effective work during the years ahead.

CHRISTIAN EDUCATION IN AMERICA A CCORDING to Dr. W. S. Athearn, Director of the Depart- ment of Religious Education of the Interchurch WorId Move- ment, there are 27,000,000 children of school age in the United States who are untouched by religious education. He suggests that a census of education be taken, patterned on the national census, to prepare for a more efficient program of Christian education. Even in secular schools a crisis is imminent because of the wholesale resignations of teachers (140,000 in 1919), in most cases because of the inadequate salaries paid. Since Ohristian education is the bulwark of America, it is especially important that Christian schools and colleges should be enabled to provide proper facilities to give a high grade education, under capable instructors.

The fact"S that demand the attention of those interested in the promotion of Christianity include the unreached millions; the inadequate funds supplied for Christian education; the number of immature and untrained teachers and officers now employed; the unsatisfactory curriculum material and the limited time given to

'religious teaching. It is important that Christians become ac. quainted with the facts" plan a pl'Ogram, supply funds, furnish good text books and train teachers to make it possible to give a Christian education to every child in America. This education must be promoted in the home as well as in the churches, and should be fostered and not undermined by the teaching given in the day schools of the land. A group of editors of religious journals recently pledged their support to a bill introduced into Congress providing for a Secretary of Education in the President's Cabinet, and for Federal appropriations to encourage states to promote education.

WORK FOR THE COMING GENERATION W HEN OUR Lord said: "Suffer little children to come unto Me and forbid them not," He laid the foundations for the SUllJday-school. 1;he nature of the training we give to the children· and youth of the present generation helps to determine the, character of the next. The saving and the education of children is the most effective form of missionary work. It is less costly than saving and training adults but to be effective it requires. expenditure, it calls for sacrifice.

Only God can measure the debt we owe to those who have founded and conducted Sunday-schools at home and abroad. They have given themselves, their time, their talent'S, their money without ,stint. They have helped to make up for some of the shortcomings of parents and of secular governments and school'S;, but their services have been very inadequately recognized. The Sunday-school workers have combated dishonesty, intemperance, immorality, ignorance, idleness and unloveliness in every form. They have cooperated with the best influences of the home, the school and the state to make intelligent, Christian citizens and loving servants of God and man in all walks of life. In America, the Sunday-schools have been bulwarks of civilization; in non-Christian lands they have been pioneers, and have won and educated the coming leadersl• They have not waited to re-form broken vessels, but have undertaken to mold the plastic clay. The Sunday-school is a soul-winning and world-saving organization that Christ has used to produce large and lasting results.

Today, there are estimated to be over 35,000,000 members of the Protestant Christian Sunday-schools throughout the world. About one-half of these are in North America, and one-third of them are in non-Christian lands or in mission territory. The International Sunday-'School Association promotes the work in North.A.nmrica, and th'e World's Sunday School Association unifiies and directs the work in other lands. The annual expenditure of the WorId's Asso-

19~] EDITORIAL COMMENT "327

. eiation., is less than $50,000, but with this small amount oj money, it directs 300,000 character-producing schools, trains workers and . supplies materials in Europe, Africa, Asia, Latin America and the . Pacific Islands. At least five times this amount of money is needed to care for this work. The articles in this number of the REVIEW show some of the wonderful work that is being done in various parts of the world. Fifty additional secretaries are required for the mission fields, and adequate Sunday-school literature should be prepared and published.

The achievements of the Sunday-school workers in mission lands since the last World's Convention in 1913 have been remark- able. For example, Brazil had then a membership of only 21,448 in: her Protestant Sunday-schools; now there are 60,000. In Panay, Philippine Islands, there were then 2,500 Sunday-school pupils; now there are 8,000. Field secretaries have been placed in South America, Egypt, Japan, Korea, Palestine and the Philippines. The "Surplus Material Department" has been established, and every year directs the sending of tons of valuable equipment from American Sunday-schools to the missionaries. In America, muoo of this material would have been discarded as useless; on the mission fields it is proving invaluable. The World's Sunday School Secretaries have also directed hundreds of teacher training clas~es, and the production or translation of scores of Sunday- school helps. .The whole aim of the Sunday-school is to lead the coming generation to know and to follow Jesus Christ. The Bible is the divinely inspired text book, and saints are the teachers and leaders. Active workers and thooo who supply the necessary funds have the honor of sharing in the planting, the watering and in the harvesting .with its abundant reward.

'THE PLANS FOR "THE TOKYO CONVENTION" WORLD'S Sunday School Convention, to be held in . . Tokyo in October of 1920, is a supreme challenge which comes at a strategic time in the world's history, From one to two thousand Christian delegates from many countries expect to go to Tokyo to emphasize the universal need of religious education and to show through addresses, exhibits, conferences, pageants and other demonstrations, the best tested methods for the building of per- sonal, home and national character through Bible teaching and personal work.

The question has been asked :-"Why go to the Orient and why to Tokyo?" The answer is simple. As the World's Sunday School Association exists only for service to the missionary Boards upon foreign fields, it will be strategic to hold the Convention at the gateway of the great mission field of the Far East, where nearly

300,000,000 children and youth are waiting the coming of the Gospel. The invitation to the Convention was issued in 1913 by the Christian forces of Japan when the late Mr. H. J. Heinz and a group of Sunday-school business men were visiting Japan in the interest of the extension of Sunday-school work. This invita- . tion was backed up by some leading Japanese who expressed Japan's need for religious education and their desire to be informed through the Association as to the methods used in Christian countries to promote character through the Sunday-schools.

Japan is preparing to receive 1,500 delegates during the period of the Convention. These will be cared for in European and Japanese hotels, missionary homes and possibly 700 in Japanese homes; To be entertained in Japanese homes will be a rare opportunity for visitors.

The Japanese Committee is thoroughly organized into a number of sub-committees and is erecting a hall near the Tokyo railway station and the Imperial Palace. This hall will have a dining room to care for 1000 and will cost approximately 150,000 yen ($75,000).

The Y. M. C. A. building will be given over to the Convention during the ten days of its sessions. The large auditorium of this building holding about 1500 people, will be used for stereop- ticon and motion picture exhibits of Sunday-school work the :morld around. Lectures are to be given continuously during the after- noons and in the evening. They will be attended chiefly by Jap- anese and students in the universities and high schools of Tokyo will be in attendance in relays. In this way it is hoped to visualize Christian work in all fields for the students and other Japanese of Tokyo. .

The gyinnasium and other rooms in the Y. M. C. A. will be given over to an educational Sunday-school exhibit of a high order and gathered from every field, showing the character and progress of the work of religious education including such special features as child welfare, temperance and religious art.

Through cooperation with the Japanese Committee reservations for the American and English delegates have been made on twelve Pacific steamers, which will sail at various times between July 30 to. September 23, from San Francisco, Seattle and Vancouver.

Three· of these steamers, the Siberia Maru, Suwa Maru, and Monteagle will have all of their space reserved for delegates.

From eleven to eighteen days of shipboard relationships under these conditions with a program varied daily, will be of itself a fellowship to be remembered. Addresses. will be given to preparo the delegates for the convention and to make the best impression upon the Japanese with whom they come into contact.

Wihile too early to give the numbers of the various delegations,

EDITORIAL CO~MENT

advices are in hand showing representation from Germany, Switzerland, Holland, England, Scotland, Wales, Uruguay, Brazil, Egypt, India, Philippines, Australia, South Africa, and China. Korea has applied for at least 250 reservations and one Japanese is opening his home to 17 Korean delegates.

The American delegation is gathered from all the States and includes many notable people. The Canadian Committee representing all missionary and denominational and interdenominational Sunday-schOool organizations asks reservations for 250, and Penn- sylvania has applied for over 100, John Wanamaker being among the number. The. program of the convention will cover ten days. The general theme will be "The Sunday School and World Progress." The daily themes are a development of this general theme and are progressive in their treatment. They are: The World Progress of the Sunday School. Jesus Christ' the World's Redeemer. The Bible-God's Revelation to the W orId. The Rights of the Child. The Sunday School and World Evangelism. The Sunday School and Education. The Sunday School and the Community. The Sunday School and National Life. The Sunday School and Christian Internationalism.

Both preceding and following the Convention IIlIi.ny tours are planned to include mission stations as well as other points of interest in Japan, Korea, China and the Philippines. A number of groups. of Sunday-school specialists will visit points of interest to address gatherings of business men, educators, civic leaders and Sunday-school workers. These men and women will present the plans and message of religious education to earnest inquirers. In these groups will be some of the world's strongest leaders in these fields, who will express the last word of Christian progress and through whose stirring presentation it is hoped Japan and the whole world shall be influenced for Christian education.

Post conventions of one day each will be held in such centers as Seoul, Peking, Nanking, Shanghai, Hongkong, Singapore, Cairo and Jerusalem. In these conventions, a pageant and special music will be presented by the students of the Christian schools at each center and speakers of international reputation will deliver addresses. Thus the Message of the Sunday-school will be carried around the world.

The Tokyo Convention should register the faith of the Christian Church in the Sunday-school as the place for right training of the. children and youth of the world for Christian service and world saving.

. 1,00 – – – – – – – WORLD SU1'lDMSCHOOLEmtOLMENT U,NITEo STA.TES 17. 715, ZI?4 NEGROES I, 67'i!., 881 CANADA&'LAB'DOR 1,540, Jl7 • BRITISH IS~S 9,000,.000 • EUROPE 2.:300,000 . l • MOSLEM LANDS 50,000 %.~L"ND .fNDlA&.BURMA. 1-'t0,009, 600,000 "CHltlA ZOO,OOO 1 • JAPAN & KOREA 310, 000 fiGURES HEA:oqy.AI~:rERS-N:EvI7YOlU'" • THE PHILIPPINES .ep,OOO .. ABM RIETRtISCHA~N He:1'DQ..UAEcrERS – LONDON ~LATIN AM£RlCA Z80,OOP ih.EACH Q;JUNTaY . BHOW THE MEMBEF.SHIP 'AFRICA .74:0,000 FORE1<3.N.SECRETAF<~S – ••.~T!:'ER "AND 5 1;000;000. oj l'B-OTESTAH'T SU1'IDAY SCHOOLS, ACCORDING CHINA. JAP.AN KORE;A -t'oLATE5T REPORTS 'EST~~ 35,458,22:1: PHILIPPINES INDIA EGYPT LATIN AMERICA A SUNDAY-SCHOOL PAGEANT IN MANILA-A CLOSED AND AN OPEN W orId Wide Sunday SchoolWork BY FRANK L. BROWN, NEW YORK Secretary of the World's Sunday School ASS<lciation T HIS IS the Sunday-school century. Leaders in Chu~h 'a~d State are turning for a solution of pressing riational and lnt~r­ national problems to religious education, and to the Sunday- school as the most important agency in religious education. ' We a,re beginning to realize that more time must be given to its e.ducational program, more money must be spent upon its equipment. – As .the agency which realizes ninety per cent of the Church's dividelllis 'in new members and workers, it must be given a higher rating, better financial support and a larger devotion on the part of the Church.

In the year 1000 the nominally Christian population of .the world was reckoned at 50,000,000; in the year 1500 it – was ~00,- 000,000; in 1800 there were 200,000,000, and in 1920 at l~a.st 600,- 000,000 nominal Christians in all branches of the Church.. At l.east part of this large increase in the last century can bE) a~tribute9 to the Sunday-school, which came into .special prominence w:ith the introduction of the Robert Raikes School in 1881 atGJoJloos;ter, Englanl. The Wesleys wrought the Sunday-school intotl).eirsys- tem with results that give the Methodists nearly one-third of .the Sunday-school membership in America. . ' ., In 1781 there were less than one hundred Christian missionaries in the world. Now there are over 23,000, most of them the pro9~cts of the Sunday-school. .. ,

In 1781 the Bible was translated into only forty-six dialects. Now it is found in over 500 dialects, including seven-tenths of human speech.

In 1781 four-nfths of the world was closed to missionary effort. Today the world is wide open.

The missionaries of the last century have always majored upon the Sunday-school as their surest method of entering the home, building up the Ohurch and winning a native leadership. Their methods have necessarily varied with the conditions upon the field, and with the growth of Ohristian education there. These variations run all the way from the children of the unorganized village Sunday-school, meeting under the open sky with the lesson taught by the aid of a picture scroll, to the school of the village or city church, the city mission school and the Sunday-school session of the Ohristian high school or college.

The estimate placed by the missionaries upon the church build· ing value of the Sunday-school was repeatedly evidenced by testimony in the Oontinuation Oommittee Oonferences conducted by Dr. John R. Mott in India, Ohina, Korea and Japan. As a result of these testimonies, Dr. Mott expressed himself as strongly favoring an increased emphasis upon the Sunday-school in foreign mission- any work. One leading Japanese missionary said to me: "We cannot hope to win more than one in ten thousand of the adult Japanese. We can do anything with children of the· Sunday-schools, and the door is wide open for these schools."

A Ohinese missionary said: "One million in the .Sunday-schools of Ohina will mean one million Ohristians ten years hence."

A Hindu said: HWe were not afraid of you so long as you were lopping off the old branches (through the conversion of adults), but when you began with the children in Sunday-school, then we saw that the axe was laid at the root of the tree; then we began to fear you." And India's 600,000 in the Sunday-school is a most hopeful promise for a Ohristian India, if that movement is greatly extended.

The Sunday-school in non-Ohristian lands and communities is vitally related to the successful progress of Ohristianity, as may be seen from the following facts: 1. The Sunday-school opens the way for the Gospel in places where otherwise it would be difficult to enter. The Southern Presbyterian Church in Korea specialized in opening village Sunday-schools where there had been no previous Ohristian work. The picture cards, the Gospel singing, the glad new story, brought large numbers of children, and through them the parents. Soon these children were learning the Beatitudes, the 23d Psalm and the Lord's Prayer.

In a Japanese village a crippled boy heard the Gospel for the .

WORLD WIDE SUNDAY SCHOOL WORK

first time, from an itinerating misssionary. He yielded himself to Christ, secured some Sunday-school lesson leaves from the missionary, opened and superintended a Sunday-school in that place, and went down the road to two other villages as yet unreached; opened Sunday-school on week nights and himself taught those people the Word.

The open air street Sunday-school in India always brings both children and parents as sympathetic listeners. The picture cards Bud the lesson scroll are fine adjuncts in impressing the truth.

In Cairo, Egypt, the children go from the mission Sundayschool to their homes, and it is the practice of each pupil to immediately gather a group of relatives and other children about him and repeat the lesson of the day.

The Sunday-schools of the Philippines are extending the Gospel to hundreds of out of the way places and are multiplying the Evang.el many fold. The Sunday-schools and day schools established by that splendid layman, Mr. Morris, in Buenos Aires, have recovered hundreds of boys and girls from the slums of .the city to become the industrial specialists of Argentina. Missionaries find that the Sunday-school kindergarten is frequently the beginning of the Church in new and different fields. Parents visit the school to see for themselves what it is that is so changing the conduct of their children at home.

2. The Sunday-school gives training in Christian service for Christian native students. All over the world the native Christian young people are eager for Sunday-school service as an expression of their love for Christ.

In the city of Hiroshima, Japan, I had presented the challenge of Sunday-school service to the students in the splendid Girl's School. At the close of the meeting some sixty of the girls gave their hearts to Christ and asked to become Sunday-school teachers, saying, "Where so much that is noble is being done in the world must we not have some part 7" These girls went .out by twos around Hiroshima to teach groups of Jap·anese children gathered in the room of some Japanese home. And every year in that school the graduating class of girls asks for this service in their last year of school life.

The young men in the Christian schools of Japan, China, Korea and the Philippines accept Sunday-school service as a legitimate and natural expression of their Christian lives. One such group of Christian high school boys at Pyeng Yang, Korea, had carried on a few weeks of meetings in the villages nearby during the Christmas holidays, and over 3000 were converted as a result.

The idealism of these young people of foreign lands responds to this fine challenge for service as Sunday-school teachers and Christian workers, and the Sunday-school as an institution in every

land affords them a place for training to become skilled workmen.

n is the custom of the missionaries to hold a meeting of these students in Christian schools to train them in method and material for the Sunday-school lesson teaching. These meetings are really institutes in the science of teaching.

3. The Sunday-school is the surest and best method of winning converts. This is true in America. With the subsidence of the first waves of adult interest in the presentation of the Gospel in such lands as Korea and India the work of world winning will depend more and more upon the Sunday-school.

The increasing purpose of governments in mission lands to' control primary education will work for the gradual abolition of the Christian primary mission day school. This is true in Korea and in time will be true in· Ohina.

The separation of Church and State in Europe and elsewhere will throw upon the Sunday-school the burden of the religious education and character formation of the young.

These conditions will greatly enha.nce the importance and opportunity of the Sunday-school as the agency of missions everywhere for the ingathering of the raw materials through the Sunday-school, for working up into finished Christian character through the life and work of the Sunday-school teacher and the further help of some secondary Christian school and later the Christian college.

In the special evangelistic services held by the Christian Church in Japan it was found that the converts in most instances were those who had received some instruction in the mission Sunday-schools of Japan. "A little child shall lead them." This is the open sesame to nearly any home in any land.

4. The character output of the Sunday-school has greatly impressed non-Christian leaders.

Baron Shibusawa in addressing a group of Chicago Christian business men said that he had sought in Japan for some method for the production of honesty and character. He discovered that the Christian Sunday-schools in Japan produced the character he sought. And Baron Shibusawa is now one of the financial backers of the Tokyo Convention.

A mother brought her two daughters to a Christian school in Japan saying, "I would like to enter my daughters and I wish you would put on their faces the same polish I see on the faces of the other girls in this schooL"

The Chinese Mercury of Shanghai, in an editorial on the day following the great Sunday-school demonstration, said: " Never have we seen in any Chinese gathering faces more eloquent of fine character, complete self-control, or greater benevolence. Young Shanghai is a type of Young Ohina) freed from many of the fetters

WIDE SUNDAY SCHOOL WORK 335·

of bldsupeJ:stitions j emancipated in the case of women from the , effects of milleniums of enforced ignorance and seclusion j bright; ; cneery, ' intellectual types which any country might well be proud .'

of j and which, if China is to be reinvigorated at all, may be trusted to perforin the task. If Sunday-school work growsiri China; as we hope to see it do, the days of crying wrong and uni~ all versaJ. ¢orruption, and of all grosser evils, are numbered. Towrorig '

in shapes, the Sunday-school spirit is an enemy, open, earn~stj . d e'terriiined; " '.

12,000 AT A SUNDAY SCHOOL RALLY IN TOKYO, JAPAN 5. The Sunday-school is indigenous to every land. The Sunday-school appeals to the child and the adult in every foreign :field. Through its lessons, its music, its exercises, its illustrative material, its organization and social touch, its reach into the weekday life, its resulting happiness of hfe, it is popular with all classes. There is no land where, rightly led , and demonstrated, it has failed to become the Mecca of childhood and the center of home and community reconstruction. In the city of Nagasaki, Japan, communities once unsafe hav~, by the confession of the police, become transformed by the establishment of Sunday-schools~ In the city of Rio de Janeiro, a hill district, the worst in the city, has needed no police since it Portuguese Christian young man organized a Sunday-school in that section. '

The popufarity of the Sunday-school has been demonstrated by such organized SundaY-f;lchool parades as have .occurred in

Tokyo where 12,000 Sunday-school scholars paraded in front of the grounds of the Emperor's palace; in Seoul where 16,000 were numbered in one Sunday-school demonstration in the grounds of the old palace; in Shanghai, where 10,000 Sunday-school students formed the remarkable gathering in that city to which the Chinese Mercury, quoted above, called attention; in Manila, where 5,000 Sunday-school members knelt under the open sky in the baseball park and dedicated themselves to better schools and bigger schools; in Rosario, Argentine, where 2,500 Protestant Sunday-school scholars sang the "Glory" song in the largest theatre of the city and then marched through the streets, astonishing the people by the size and orderliness of the gathering, to one of the plazas of the city.

The Sunday-school serves as a unifying force for Christian work in every land.

Developed through wise organization adequately backed financially by the Mission Boards and Christian layman so that it can supply a 'Sufficient number of trained leaders at strategic national centers, the Sunday-school movement promises to be the greatest force upon the mission field in the conversion of the people, the establishment o·f Christian homes, the transformation of communities, the creation of a Christian leadership and. the organizat.ion and strengthening of the Christian Church in these lands.

It can only fail in its great mission as the Church shall fail to rise to the vision of its possibilities and shall limit it by insufficient financial support.

WHEN WILL OUR TURN COME?

I hear the chi1d~en crying in the night- The little children: "God of stars and sun, We do not like the darkness; send down light, From where there is so much to where there's none: Fireflies and flowers we love, and all things bright, But in our hearts it's dark: Dear God, send light!

"A little Child, we've heard, Thou once didst send- Light to the heart of all the world to be; And so we think, dear God, Thou didst intend Some light for little children such as we.

For what a child can bring a child can take; Then give us light, dear God, for that Child's sake.

"And if it be there is no light to spare– Dear God, forgive if what we ask is wrong, We're only heathen children-is it fair That others should have all the light so long?

We would not wish that they should have our night, But when :will our turn come to have the light?" -Selected.

Necessity for ChristIan

The Sunday School's Responsibility for a World Community BY PROF. NORMAN E. RICHARDSON, EVANSTON, ILLINOIS Department of Religious Education, Northwestern University T HE PROPOSED League of Nations at best is but an instru- ment of the international mind. Any attempt to set up a world government without the prior consideration of a world community is abstract and visionary speculation. World government is but the creature of the massed intelligence and moral insight of the civilized world. Without the world community there 'Can be no world government.

. World democracy has no concrete meaning until the tides of public opinion have been able to create and sustain the moral ideals which are its only sure foundation. Not until a substantial majority or controlling area of humanity has committed itself to the law of goodwill, of mutual confidence, of service, is it safe to experiment with any political scheme that undertakes to embrace the world. The League of Nations would be prematurely born if there were no substantial spiritual leaders to foster and care for it. The real question is-can any world government be born at this time and live T Would it be the creature of a living, social organism? If it should be born would it grow up to maturity?

The creation of this living social organism, this vital spiritual entity, which we call world community, depends for its origin and continued existence upon five fundamental factors.

I. A bold, clear, concept of a world community, concrete and definite 'in outline, yet capable of infinite enrichment in detail, must be formulated. But such a concept has already been formulated by the inspired writers of the Bible. The Kingdom of God as -taught by Jesus was not restricted to any particular race or nation 'or class. In the story of Peter, the Jew and Cornelius, the Italian, we see this ideal actually bursting through the boundaries of. nationalism and including all those who fear God and live good lives. It contemplates a universal brotherhood, the bonds of which care peace and goodwill. It knows no lordship that does not rest 1Upon service. The humility and trustfulness of the little child :point to its conspicuous mark of greatness. It requires of its ·citizens an unrestricted spirit of neighborliness. It teaches that ;all should love one another.

The Kingdom of God contains all of the essentials of a democratic community. It points out the insecurity of a world unified through force or commercial ambition or ecclesiastical mar 337

chinery. It includes universal brotherhood, universal respect for the moral law, disarmament, love of liberty, fidelity in keeping moral obligations, international peace and universal justice. It is the verdict of history that the realization of a world community is absolutely dependent upon the ability and· the desire of substantial groups in every nation to hold and to understand this sublime concept.

II. This concept or ideal must be held vividly and uninterruptedly before the minds of succeeding generations. We believe;in the immortality of the Christian Church. Kingdoms and governments rise and fall but the Church remains. Christianity in s01ne organized form, will never cease to hold its precious heritage, its vision of the ideal social order embracing the entire human race. This vision may temporarily be clouded by the moral miasmas of the dark ages. Its ability to make headway against skepticism, agnosticism, materialism, naturalism, and infidelity may not always be apparent. But full credit should be given to what has actually been accomplished. After nineteen centuries of toil under the m()st disheartening handicaps, the teaching Church has never yet surrendered her ideal, her banner of universal goodwill has never yet touched the ground of compromise or surrender.

Let not anyone think that the inclusiveness of vision, the interracial confidence and goodwill, the sensitive appreciation of the integrity and the infallibility of international treaties, and other aspects of the present international mind are the product of forces that have their rise in a single generation. The comparatively recent happenings that have filled some minds with hope concerning the possibility of a world government in the immediate future can be traced to the influence of this ancient ideal. It WaS two thousand five-hundred years ago when the prophet Isaiah wrote: " • • " and He shall judge between the nations and will decide concerning many peoples; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks, nation shall not lift up sword against nation neither shall they learn war any more." III. In order to overcome socially disintegrating forces, this concept of world community will have to make a direct and power.:- ful appeal to the altruistic and social instincts of humanity and receive the support of the massed consciences of the morally enlightened sections of the entire race. Eminent students of our past civilization have pointed out that it has been founded largely upon fQrce. The right to survive has been identified with the p~y~ical fitness to survive. Lust for power has been one of the strongest and most prevalent motives. The rights of the weak have been ignored by the strong. Whole areas of our much vaunted civilization have been permeated to the core by the pagan philosophy o~

THE NECESSITY FOR CHRISTIAN EDUCATION

force. For the past thousand years there has scarcely been a decade that has not witnessed war.

Slowly through the centuries the Christian ideal, which is the utter negation of pagan force, has been gently appealing to a different group of motives. The response to, this appeal has been made by an ever enlarging multitude. Germany, the finest flower of the philosophy of force, has been overthrown. With her crushing defeat all hope of building a world cOIllIl;lunity on force has perished. Distrust of the social order thus constituted has swept like wildfire through whole areas of international intelligence. Make all future wars impossible is the universal cry of an increasingly altruistic humanity.

Thus it is that snddenly all organizations and institutions which in any way stand responsible for these moral ideals, find themselves directly responsible for the building and the upholding of the new social order. Their attitude is no longer defensive, it is offensive. History proclaims that they have now the right to claim the field. The ruling ideas of the civilized world have at last come to be the ideas which the Sunday-school has been implanting in the minds and hearts of succeeding generations.

The Sunday-school occupies a foremost place in this group of institutions. It is now called upon to formulate and carry through successfully a program of education that will make it possible for the members of the entire human race to think together, to understand and respect each other, to have common standards of value. There can be no substantial social integration without moral homogeneity. A common international purpose, ideal and ambition can exist only as a result of common judgment with respect to right and wrong. An immoral world community is a contradiction of terms. A· platform of morality sustained and sanctioned by the Christian religion is the only one that is strong enough to bear the weight of a world community. The Sundayschool program of the teaching of Christian Bible truths must be extended into every part of America and Europe, and into every mission field.

Henceforth the governing motives of the social order cannot be commercial, political, military or racial. To combine selfish interests in a common selfish bond is to create the condition out of which social disaster is sure to come. The seeds of discord are planted where the method of integration is other than Christian. To create and foster a spirit of altruism not in America alone, but in every nation, is the immediate challenge of the present world situation to the Sunday-school. A world-wide educational crisis is arising. Political covenants, international in character, demand substantial international morality. There is imperative need of a new type of statesnian, publicist, financier, diplomat.

"When Llo.yd Geo.rge asked: ".Are we to lapse back into. the old world rivalries, animosities, and competitive armaments, or are we to. initiate the reign o.n earth o.f the Prince o.f Peace 7" he threw down a challenge to the Sunday-school. Rush orders on a gigantic scale are now being received fo.r these standards of value, for these loyalties, which center around the Kingdom of God idea. The Sunday-school is twenty-five years behind the Po.litical times. There is too little of morality in the world to. support those states- men who are thinking in terms of a world government. Only by the most heroic efforts, by the introduction of the most efficient educa- tional machinery, can the teaching Church meet this crisis success- fully.

IV. In order to become sufficiently dynamic, this ideal of world comm'lJlnity must receive the hearty sanetion and support of religion. The super-organization of society can have no secure basis which is not moral. The moral rejuvenation o.f the race has come to be a practical necessity. To bring the massed consciences of mankind into being and to sustain them so that they may functio.n through a Wo.rld government can be accomplished only by an appeal to. religio.n. The present generation is called upon to transcend the moral heroism of all former generations. The present challenge can never be met in a spirit of prudence, merely. The voice of the Crusader, "God wills it, God wills it," needs to be heard wherever the ideal o.f the Kingdom of God has gone. There is no. Po.wer other than religio.n which can break down the narrow . provincialism, the racial pride, the internatio.nal suspicion and distrust, that are still lurking in our <present Wo.rld community. .All the spiritual reso.urces that are available need to be used. Religion is the only leverage that is adequate. It can stimulate the moral imagination. Religion is the patriotism that sustains the ideals of a Fatherland of all fatherlands·. The Voice of authority which transcends all earthly voices needs to be heard. The need is that all people hear the thunderings of Sinai, and the gracious words of the Sermon o.n the Mount. Christianity is no.w known to be the only guarantee o.f permanent international goodwill.

It is because the Sunday-school is looked upon as being the SPo.nso.r fo.r the teaching o.f the Christian religio.n that its need is so. keenly felt in the present wo.rld crisis. This is the institution which is more and mo.re assuming the resPo.nsibility o.f the moral and religious training of all the people. It must now become in- creasingly busy in adding to. the moral resources' of the nations. It must train a generation of citizens who can carry a weightier moral responsibility than that carried by preceding generatio.ns. Hence- forth it must learn the art of mingling patriotism and religion. It must undergird the sense o.f civic responsibility and interest III political affairs with the supreme loyalty of all loyalties.

Christ's idea of social integration was not only religious,. it was social. He placed back of the highest social ideals the powerful sanction of God's will. He put the dynamic of religion into the social bonds of mankind. To permeate the present project of world brotherhood with the religious spirit is the present demand being made of the Sunday-school. Literally thousands of our boys and girls must now dedicate their lives to the task of malrlng international justice and goodwill dominant factors in the civilization of tomorrow.

Let those who lack confidence in the missionary movement of the twentieth century take into account the fact that after the Sunday-school has thrown around these ideals the sanction of the Christian religion, very soon their champions would reveal the spirit that is seen in missionaries, apostles, martyrs. Religion can produce crusaders. The Church school is now creating a movement for world brotherhood which in extent will far surpass the passionate pilgrimages to Jerusalem.

V. The need that the Kingdom of God receive the fullest moral SUpp01"t and religious sanction makes it necessary that it become an integral part of an educational system. This system must be world- wide in its scope and capable of molding the thoughts, hnpulses, sentiments,· and conduct of succeeding generations of children and youth. The need of a permanent educational institution is apparent. A consistent policy must be maintained from one generation to another. The teaching Church has became the permanent educational sponsor for this project.

The Bible, which is the great text book of the Sunday-school, is a veritable handbook on the subject of world community. It points out the evils of self-centered nationalism. Its call to breadth of racial sympathy is clear and strong. Its inspired writers were impatient with all forms of class hatred.

The contribution of the Church school to world community is direct, dynamic, continuous. It tends to substitute love for pity. It frowns upon racial pride and class hatred. To each succeeding generation it presents the great ideal of a new earth wherein dwelleth righteousness. The project of world brotherhood is presented by it as being sacred. It can enshrine the idea of world democracy with all the glory of the Kingdom of God. It can quicken the efforts toward this long deferred hope of the followers of Christ. It can turn into practical and immediate account the noblest aspirations and yearnings of Christian youth. It can undergird the e:£forts toward world brotherhood with the most dynamic of spiritual forces.

WORTH QUOTING SELECTED BY FRANK L. BROWN, NEW YORK What sculpture is to a block of marble, such is education to a human sou1.-Addison.

* * * The life of the teacher is the life of his teaching. The true test of a ddlizati*on *is n*ot the census, not the size of its cities, nor the crops, but in the kind of men the country turns out.- Ralph Waido Emerson.

*** The most important thing in a man's life is his. religion: and the time to enthrone religion in a life is during the years of childhood and youth.-William Jennings Bryan.

Great armies of freemen *may* m*ake the world safe for democ- racy; there are but two agencies that can make democracy safe for the world, and these two agencies are the Church and the schoo1.- Walter S. Athearn.

*** The Sunday-school pays larger dividends than any ·other invest- ment I make. It is doing more for character building and good citizenship with the coming generation than any other Christian agency-H. J. Heinz.

*** AI! the best training I ever had was in a Sunday-school. It is what has chiefly enabled me to do my work. The best university is the Sunday-school and it is by far the most excellent way of convey- ing religious instruction.-Lloyd George.

* * * We can preserve our liberties only by the religious education of our youth.-George Washington.

* * * Any individual or any institution that could take the Bible to every home in this country would be more for the country than all the armies from the beginning of our history to the present time. -Chief Justice Brewer.

The Sunday-school is the *wo*rld'*s greatest institution for popu- larizing the world's greatest book.-Wm. E. Gladstone.

* * * I challenge you to name any institution which has done as much for the greatness and welfare of our country as has the Sunday- school.-Hon. John W. Foster.

*** Instruvtion in things moral and spiritual is most necessary to the making of the highest type of citizenship.-Theodore Roosevelt.

* * * The Sunday-school has done more for good citizenship than all the laws on the statute books.-Marion Lawrance.

Training in the Sunday

BY REV. GEORGE H. TRULL, NEW YORK Secretary for Specific Work, Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions T HE SENSITIVENESS of children to good impressions and their ready response to enthusiastic leadership give charm to the work of the teacher of childhood. Enter the Elementary Department of your Sunday-school or any other department and before you are gathered bright, eager children, mischievous perhaps, "wrigglers" doubtless, but alert and quick to respond to truth presented on the plane of their interest and intelligence. In .their minds is no prejudice, no indifference, and little if any selfishness. They are open-minded, ready to listen to mission fact and story. Impression struggles to find expression in doing at once something for starving Armenians, the little widows of India, the fisher folk in Labrador or the Indians in their tepees,-according to the story they have heard.

Last Sunday a speaker told a New Jersey Sunday-school how a few days previously he had visited a home of culture and comfort, and while waiting to see the father of the family he conversed with the mother, daughter and son. He drew a striking contrast between this home and those of the "Pineys" in Jersey-the people who live in the pine belt between Camden and Atlantic City; where they have few roads, little contact with the outside world, where ignorance and immorality prevail and where there is a pressing home mission need. The message struck home.

The following Saturday I was talking with two Juniors from that Sunday-school who told me what they had done during the week to get funds for the "Pineys," the object of the Easter offering. The boy of ten had gathered 50 cents as thus itemized: His entire week's allowance ……………………………………….. .15 Chopping wood and mending a shovel for his grandmother……………. .05 Three errands for his mother ……………………………………………. 10 Share of selling old papers to the rag man………………………….. .05 Gift from his father …………………………………………… .05 Learning a question in the Shorter Catechism, (offered by his Sunday-school teacher) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .10 Total. …………………………………………………….. .50 The girl of twelve had gathered $1.85 during the week. Her father was not as genellous as the Sunday-school teacher in payment for learning the Shorter Catechism, as he promised her ten cents for memorizing seven answers a week. As she had studied it before, she had little difficulty in refreshing memory and earned thirty cents for memorizing twenty-one answers within the week. This was her record: 343

Learning Shorter Catechism…………………………………………. .30 Her entire week's allowance ……………………………………….. ..15 Helping mother (special) •…………………..•…………….•..•.•…• .10 Drinking bu.ttermilk (which she greatly disliked)· three times daily for the week ••…..•……………………………………………•..••…••10 Taking out her small brother for an hour and helping him to learn to ride his bicycle ……………………………………………………. .04 Cleaning the bath room …………………………………………… .01 Change given her from some school supplies ………………………… .04 Share of selling papers to the rag man ………………………………. .OS …– .'l9 To this she had added her semi-annual interest on a $50 Liberty Bond amounting to $1.06. The moment she received it, she asked her parents if she might not put it all into her mite box for the "Pineys." .

The consuming thought of both these Juniors was to put all the money they could earn or otherwise receive, into their boxes for their Easter offering. Spontaneously and cheerfully they are giving all of their weekly allowances and have no thought of. spend- ing a cent for candy, chewing gum or other delights of a Junior's heart until after Easter. Their enthusiasm, their generosity, their willingness to work, to do even distasteful things for the sake of the "cause" was refreshing to see. I could not but admire the abandon with which these Juniors had given themselves to the securing of funds by all legitimate means, and I was the mQre encouraged as I realized that these two children in their readiness to work, to save, to sacrifice and to give are but typical of normal childhood. It is the natural response to right impressions.

Confirming this is the following letter which came to my desk the past week from the Superintendent of a Primary Department of another Sunday-school.

"Enclosed you will find $5.00, the gift of the Primary Department of the Church.

"As our supplementary work in the class; I have been giving the children stories from the book "Mook." This has greatly interested !the children and last Sunday I told about "Ten Cent Sister" or babies pur- chased in China for ten cents, and they voted to send this offering for those babies. Can you find a baby to rescue with this money or will it pay for a baby already saved? This work has stimulated interest very much in missions. The children are planning to dress dolls during ithe summer and send them for next Christmas.

"The money here sent is really the cMldren/s offering brought in ad- dition to the regular gifts; part of it is birithday money (one cent for each year) and part is love money-money each child has earned by running errands, cleaning, helping with baby brothers and sisters, clean- ing off snow, getting up "shows", taking medicine, eltc. W'e have a class exercise for its presentation. So with this gift goes childish love and prayer."

A year ago, the Superintendent of a Sunday-school in a large city in Texas saw in his church paper a full page advertisement beginning:

MISSIONARY TRAINING IN THE SUNDAY SCHOOL 34S

Why Not Have Your Own Missionary Representative?

The idea gripped him. Why should not his Sunday-school have one T He spoke to his wife about it. He mentioned it to some of his officers and teachers. They met for prayer and decided to put the proposition before the Sunday-school. To that prayer service there came a young woman, one of the members of the Sunday-school since infancy, who said she desired to devote her life to missionary service. It was therefore _with peculiar tenderness and spiritual feeling that the Superintendent went before 11is school that morning to suggest that a forward step be takento raise $1250 for the support of a missionary they might claim as their own. Within ten minutes the entire amount was pledged, in sums ranging from one dollar to twenty-five dollars each, by one hundred and forty persons, who constituted themselves-"The Overseas Club." The year previous that Sunday-school had given $50 to foreign missions. They multiplied their gifts by twentyfive. This next year they have been asked to increase their pledge to $1,500 because of increased cost of missionary maintenance, and the superintendent has given aSSlUrance that this will readily be done.

Up in the mining regions of Pennsylvania there is a Sundayschool teacher in a small town, who for years has had the missionaryvision and passion. He and his wife would gladly be in foreign mission service today if the Lord had opened the way. This man is a splendid illustration of what can be done quietly, unassumingly, but by prayer and perseverance, to arouse an average, easy going Sunday-school to give sacrificially and enthusiastically to missions. The -school has 400 members, most of whom have very moderate incomes. It is a community of workers, and not of capitalists. This good man years ago began -praying for missions. He found, that $1250 was necessary to support a missionary, and so he set as his goal the raising of $750, three-fifths of the support, by special offerings at Christma-s and Easter. This was easily done. The next year this missionary leader was not satisfied with three-fifths of a missionary. He wanted his Sundayschool to have his entire maintenance. For several weeks therefore before Christmas the matter was presented to the school each Sunday and every class urged to do its best. It was hoped that in two offerings, at Christmas and Easter, $1250 might be secured.

I was present on Christmas Sunday and watched the classes as they brought in their gifts, each sending a representative to the platform who carried not a pledge but cash. The Beginners' Department brought in $32.20, the Primary Department $108.75, the Juniors $111.39, a total of $252.34. Different classes of the Intermediates brought in $24, $25, $82.50, etc. Then Senior and Adult Classes brought their gifts, the Home Department, and the_

officers, until $960.35 was deposited. on the tl:tble. Then individual gifts were brought in from friends outside the Sunday-school. When the grand total was made up, $1384;$5 had' been. given. Instead of requiring two special offerings in which to raise $1250t the one Christmas offering had more than provided the necessary amount. Many of the gifts represented real sacrifice. -r speak of only one. An Italian girl of fifteen in a desperately poor family, the eldest of seven, worked all summer picking berries and selling them to help support the family. He.r mother allowed her to keep two cents a week on· each quart of berries in order to buy for herself something she might want. This girl, instead of spending the money, brought it in each week for the class missionary fund. By Christmas she had brought more than any other girl in her class..

A Sunday-school in a little town of one thousand people in eastern Minnesota with only 154 members sent in last Christmas as its mission offering for Syria, $581. The year before they had sent $51. Note the more than ten fold increase in a single year. There is not a wealthy man or woman in the church or Sunday- school. They are wage earners and farmers.

These few illustrations prove that the potential for financial investment in missions by the Sunday-school teacher is little realized. The only requirements are a worthy object, enthusiastic Jeadership, consecrated effort and sacrificial giving. The reflex spiritual benefits are really very great in Sunday-schools doing something really big, something far and beyond what they have ever done or thought of doing for missions before. It is worth all it costs. Try it in your school by multiplying your gifts to Home and Foreign Missions by ten or by twenty-five, by fifty or by one hundred or more if need be. Make it big enough to challenge sacrifice. We must get away from penny and petty giving in the Sunday-school if we are ever to train our pupils to know the real joy of it, and if we are to produce future large investors in the enterprises of the Kingdom. Nor ca.n we rest content with a large total, unless every member of the school has done his part. That Sunday-school in Newark, N. J., which for years reported not only its gifts each Sunday but the number of contributors as well, laid the necessary stress on individual giving, The Sunday-school teacher is charged with a grave responsibility in training his pupils in giving. Not only should a pupil be taught to give because a I :worthy cause requires support, but much more because he needs the 'development of character which can alone result when giving is proportionate to ability, is cheerful, is regular and in recognition of stewardship, The Sunday-school must discharge this obligation of training or miss a God-given opportunity.

To cultivate intelligent, interested, sacrificial giving the pupils who, with others, give the money should have a voice in the selection

TRAINING IN THE SUNDAY

of the objects, and they should be in accordance with the natural interests of the pupils of various' ages. The' Inlssion Boards Wl,ll gladly furnish on application, a list of specific objects to which Sunday-schools may devote their offerings. '

THE GIFT OF LIFE Gifts of money are poor in comparison, however, with a richer < gift for which we must look to the Sunday-schools to supply. If our Lord's last command is to be fulfilled to go unto the uttermost parts of the earth with the Gospel, there must be an unfailing supply of messengers. The calls that are coming to the mission Boards from abroad are urgent, insistent, desperate. Missionaries are dying at their posts from overwork and disease. Such word as has come to one Mission Board from Siam and from Ohina is typical of conditions all over the world.

'''Our need is nothing short of desperate. Our work has grown large, far and far beyond our powers. We must have help. Without it we cannot hold the line. The calls of the sick are insistent calls. We dare not refuse to attempt to answer'them. But there is a limit to human endurance. Your two medical men in Chieng Mai have all but reached that limit."

"My work of teaching ithe nurses is fast growing beyond me-it has gotten too big for us to handle without at least one more foreign nurse in each hospital. Those in the work are all doing their best, but one only needs to be shown through the two busy institutions to realize the need. If only some nurses fitted for these places could look into the earnest faces of our students, their call would surely be effectuaL"

We have complacently thought it all right to send one family to a remote station, or to equip (Y) a hospital staff with one doctor and no nurse, with the nearest station 600 miles away. Meshed, Persia, is in a province as big as France, with a population of two million people, ~ a sacred city of a hundred thousand in the Maslem world, one of the most strategic centers in all Central Asia. A few months ago there were just two missionaries at this station, an evangelist, and a 'doctor. The other two missionaries had been furloughed home on account of illness. The evangelist was stricken with typhus and the doctor with typhoid. The former died while the latter was still in his delirium. When the doctor recovered, he was the sole missionary left in all that vast region. The nearest missionaries were 600 miles away. He had been attempting before his illness, to carry on medical work over this vast territory. Needless to say, when he went itinerating outside of the city, his hospital had to be closed. We must go to our Sunday-schools insistently with these needs.

We must sound the call for recruits and have our young people think of missionary service as one of the possible forms of life activity in which they might engage. Pastors, superintendents and teachers, the responsible leaders in the Sunday-schools must them-

selves see the vision of the "man of Macedonia" if their pupils are to do so.

There are churches by the score in the United States that in· all their history have never sent out a home or a foreign missionary from their ranks. They have conducted services and have doubt- Jess influenced through their contributions and prayers their local . communities and the regions beyond, but the conception of their church and Sunday-school as a center in which young people are to be trained for missionary service has never been seriously con- sidered. When pastors and Sunday-school teachers begin to regard the young people as potential missionaries or their supporters, we shall have a new objective in Sunday-school work. One church out on the Pacific Coast about ten years old has in a decade supplied seven nllssionaries. Two of the pastor's own children have vol- unteered. He himself was a student volunteer and when prevented from going abroad spent several years in Alaska as a home missionary. His children were born on the home mission field. His church is a training school for missionaries.

Where a Sunday-school has adopted the objective of produc- ing missionary volunteers, systematic missionary education in the different grades is a recognized part of the curriculum. If a school wishes to turn out lawyers, doctors, engineers, clergymen, it adapts its curriculum to the objective in view. A Sunday-school likewise, which determines to produce men and women trained for the extension of God's Kingdom on earth, both by engaging in it personally and by contributing to it by gifts and intercession, will map out its program of study and training accordingly. It will look for results very definitely. If they are not secured by the means employed the curriculum will be modified and the staff changed. It will be natural and normal to secure missionary de- cisions in that Sunday-school whose atmosphere is decidedly mis- sionary, created by the missionary passion of its leaders. Per- sonalities imbued with missionary zeal and fervor will communicate their enthusiasm to others.

Results will not be attained, however, apart from hard work, tact, and perseverance. Missions must be made attractive and natural through presentation of facts, in graphic story form. This should whet appetite for missionary magazines and books. Pictures, posters, charts, diagrams, maps, etc., will convey mis- sionary truths to the eye in a way that memory will tenaciously retain. Contact with men and women who have devoted themselves to missionary service at home and abroad will prove invaluable. Their messages and personality brought to bear upon the lives of the pupils will do much to inspire and summon them to a like consecration of their lives to service worth while.

A SUNDAY SCHOOL CLASS OF GIRLS LOOKS LIKE IN WEST

Where The Drum Calls to Sunday School BY JEAN K. MACKENZIE, NEW YORK The Author of "Black Sheep," "An African Trail," etc.

I am on a journey between Elat Station and Metet Station in the Presbyterian Mission, ,Vest Africa. My chairmen-for I am in a one–wheel hush chair-trot along in the late afternoon. We are to spend Sunday in a village beyond two more rivers. Suddenly six little girls fly about my path, their little grass bustles fluttering and their little chests heaving with the hurry of the adventure. And one of them is terribly in love with her granny. She is saying: "My grandmother never misses going to tIle meeting, and my grandmother takes me to the house of God. My grandmother is a person of the Tribe of God and my grandmother always goes to the collection Sunday. My grandmother takes me and that was my grandmother who saluted you at Minkok! She came out of her house to :<alute you, and that was my grandmother. Did you see my granrlll1other?"

On and on that darling little voice tells me about her grandmQther, "Mvam jam!" It seems that I cannot remember to have 349

been so saluted by a celebrity in Minkok. The thing is you don't always know them when you see them-these paragons. But never mind-you are sure to see them tomorrow in church.

"I believe that you will come to church tomorrow" I say to the six little winded girls, and my chair speeds up and they are left behind.

I hear the treble announcement of the little herald-"My g ran d- mother"-and there follows more that I do not hear.

But do not doubt it; that dis- tinguished company was in church the next day, along with. about eighty thousand other church-goers GOOD RAW MATERIAL. AFRICA in the forest and upon the beach of southern Kamerun. The dawn 'of the Sabbath was cracked on that morning by the drumming of the four hundred and fifty-nine drums at the four hundred and fifty-nine out-posts .0£ the Presbyterian Mission-to say nothing of the drums at the stations where the white people are. A drum- mer arose in that number of villages to announce, in the dusk of the morning, the day we celebrate. Ohristian people woke to that drumming, and put the thought of work away. Very early the dwellers in the remoter villages were on the paths of the forest that lead to those towns where there would be an evangelist. At nine by the evangelist's clock-for a really complete evangelist will have that wonderful equipment-the veil of silence that hangs about the forest of a morning is rent again, by the drumming that an- nounces Sunday-school. By this time the Ohristian people are pretty generally seated under the four hundred and fifty-nine roofs of leaf thatch that cover the houses of God in the forest, for it is not understood in our forest that you should go to church and not to Sunday-school. Grandmother-be sure of it-on that morning went to Sunday-school, hand in hand with her dear little publicity agent.

At the door of the church they separate and for the hour of the school sit, after their kind, in classes. Presently at the lesson period a great murmuring goes up under the. shadow of the roof tree and that is the people of the Tribe of God learning the Golden Text. It is most important that you learn the Golden Text, for what hetter have you to do in this world than to learn quite perfectly the Words of God that are for the healing of your tribef You are one of the ignorant ones of the forest, born in the days

WHERE THE DRUM CALLS TO SUNDAY SCHOOL

ONE HALF OF A CROWD OF 5745 BIBLE STUDENTS IN A WEST AFRICA MISSION of the former darkness when there were as yet no books from God nor reading of books. So you submit with patience to the discipline of this hour, fixing your friend and neighbor, who is your teacher on Sunday, with attentive eyes. You must take your good where you find it, if you cannot read.

There are fortunate ones who can Tead-they aTe different 1 They have the Book of God tied up in a bright handkerchief, and with it is a little book of songs. They do not hide this treasure under a bushel-rather they make some ostentation of it on their way to church. They sit in proud classes, mostly young, with much care of their persons and with the manner of accomplished people. Here and there among the seated groups of classes these grave and accomplished young bucks or young girls will be teaching. They read the beautiful words from a book, with the greatest ease. The fortunate ones 1 Many of their seniors, men and women, read from a book, but not with that singing ease. No, when you have learned to read after you are a "real person" you practice that wonderful art with effort. Still, there you are, reading the Words of God to your less fortunate neighbors, teaching them the little you know that is beyond their knowledge. You stumble in your reading as they stumble in their reciting, but together you are stumbling in the right direction. And there, teaching a class back of yours,

it; old Zarno, who cannot read at all. No, she cannot read, but the Spirit of God has shined in her heart. 'l'he sheep of her little flock, looking up to that wise old shepherdess, are fed. Her harrying old voice is driving them all one way upon the path that was made plain to Zamo hy supernatural illumination.

Tlwse moments of reassurance are much savored by a mission- ary. That is why a visit to Efulen Station, the senior station of the work in the forest, is so happy. I remember such an hour in the Sunday-school of Efulell clearing-a clearing that is now twenty- seven years old. I, W]IO had been at work there years before, was a guest on this day alld sat at ease under the shade of that church. There were seventeen ]nllldI'(~d people present. I could see the many teaChel"H Hhmdillg among the classes, their heautiful gestures in outline against the bright sky at the far opefl end of the church. Those gestUI'(eS, alld the address of many voices that made a noise of a running river under the brown thatch, were directed to the rank after rank of crowded brown bodies; this was Sunday-school. Presently I could name almost all those gesticulate outlines, they were old friends of mine. And near me two young women, whom I remember as little. school girls, were speaking so wisely about the things of God. They were the children of Christian mothers, and I had a moment of the sweetest reassurance.

There is great need of reastml'aIwe. All is not ideal in the forest. Too many people are coming who want to know the things of God. It is as if you stood OJl the hill near Elat Station and asked the tribes that live under the cloak of the Kamerun bush: "How many of you will follow Chris!?" And when you saw the bodies of one hundred alld thirty thousand rise to that question you begged them to return to the place from which they rose. "Cast lots," you might find it in your heart to say to them, "and let those upon whom the lot falls become people of the Tribe of God; for the white people in the forest are too few and the black people are too ignorant to deal 'with so .many to lead them out." Or you might say: ",Vait a while, we'e sent a messenger to the church of the white people b(lyOlld the sea, asking them to send five tens of white peO'ple and two white people more,~return to your houses and pray the Father that the hearts of the white Christians may be moved so to do."

But ahove your voice of douht or your voice of entreaty thNe is a Voice more clearly heard by the peoph· of the forest-saying: "Come mito me, aU ye!" They hear that Voice above all the four hundred and fifty drums on Sunday morning. They come to Sunday-school as if they had a date with a Pen;;onality more compelling than that of their humhle and ignorant teacher. They wait there as if for the consummatioll of a eOlltJ'net hy the party of the second part. Is it nothing to you that thry waiH

JERUSALEM WAITING FOR THE CHRISTIAN SUNDAY SCHOOL TO

Saving the Children of Moslem Lands BY STEPHEN VAN RENSSELAER TROWBRIDGE Sunday School General Secretary for Moslem Lands By 'l'HIRTJiJEN centuries of persistent effort Islam has es- tablished itself as the dominant faith in the Near East. Attached to every mosque is a lcttttab} an elementary day school whose avowed purpose is to train the boys of each generation in the knowledge and practice of the religion of Mohammed. A kuttab is"as thoroughly Moslem as a Sunday-school is Ohristian. Olasses are held every day and the teachings of Islam are even woven into the primers and copybooks of the smallest lads.

, In proportion as Islam has advanced, Ohristianity has retreated. The mosques in Oairo, Oonstantinople, Damascus and Baghdad outnumber the churches many fold, and any teacher who should attempt to start a Ohristian Sunday-school in Mecca or Medina would be put to death.

Yet as a result of the impact of western life many of the strongest Moslem ties are loosening. Most of the students in the Government schools in Oairo have abandoned the five essential daily prayers and the strictly enjoined ceremonial ablutions. In 353

privat'€ .many break the fast of Ramadan and they have ceased to spend their evenings chanting the Koran. The city temptations fascinate and grip them. In these moments they sorely need the strength of manhood and their defeat is pathetic beyond words.

Is this not the golden hour for making Ohrist known 1 And how shall He give these boys and girls victory over sin unless He is made personally known to them ~ The kuttab has failed and is no longer interesting. Shall the cinema, the racy novel and the political club be allowed to hold the field? Or shall the Ohristian dayschool, printing press and Sunday-school make a resolute and spiritfilled effort to reach the whole of this new generation with the good tidings of Ohrist's redeeming love ~ SUNDAY SCHOOL MEMBERSHIP The deportation of Armenians, the famine in Syria and other war conditions have seriously affected the enrolment of Sundayschools, and exact returns are not available from some of the fields. But the following census may be of value in securing a survey of Moslem lands: * S. S. enrolment: Morocco ………………………………………………… 158 Algiers ……………………. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620 Tunis …………………………………………………… 222 Tripoli (no Sunday-schools) Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 22069 The Anglo-Egyptian Su.dan ………………………………. 1061 Palestine (estimated) ……………………………………. 800 Syria (estimated) ………………………………………… 3000 Arabia ………………………………………………….. 300 Turkey (estimated) ……………………………………… 14000 Persia .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4738 Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547 Afghanistan (no Sunday·schools) Total …………………………… …………………. 47515 When we take into account that over 90% of the Egyptian members are of the Ooptic race, that practically the whole of the enrolment in Turkey is made up of Armenians and Greeks, that the Syrian schools recruit from the Ohristian communities and in Persia the scholars are chiefly Nestorians, we realize that we are still at the very threshold of the great task of winning Mohammedan childhood to Ohrist.

There are in the world today at least 60,000,000 boys and girls under fourteen, whose only knowledge of God is from the garbled tales and obscure declarations of Mohammed. Let me quote, as an illustration of the negative and hopelssly uninteresting idea of God, the following sentences from the Short Oreed by AI-Ghazzali, committed to memory by the children in the kuttabs: "We witness that He is not a substance and substances do not exist • Moslem pupils in India and China are not included in the above survey, as these countries are reported in separate articles.

SAVING THE CHILDREN OF MOSLEM LANDS

in Him; and He is not an accident and accidents do not exist in Him; nay He does not resemble an entity, and no entity resembles Him; noth- ing is like Him and He is not like anything; measure does not bound Him and boundaries do not contain Him-He does not exist in anything, just as nothing exists in Him: He has exalted Himself far therefrom that a place should contain Him, just as He has sanctified Himself far therefrom that time should limit Him. Nay, He was, before He had created Time and Place and He is now above that which He was above, and distinct from His creatures through His qualities. There is not in His essence His equal, nor in His equal His essence. He is far removed from change of state or of place. Events have no place in Him, and mishaps do not befall Him."

Does this not impel us to go at once among these pupils to let them hear the vivid parables and the rich interpretations of God from the lips of Jesus ChristY The early missionaries opened Sunday-schools in private houses and in practically every preaching place, so that ,the movement has been co-extensive with the native Church and in many cases has branched out in villages and cities where the Church is not yet established. But there has been scarcely any internal organization of departments and grades, and almost no federation between schools. Until 1919 there had been no national Sunday School Union in these lands. The thirteen local conferences held this past year in the provinces of Egypt prompted the Sunday School Committee of the Presbyterian Synod to invite teachers and officers from the schools under the British Missions to join in a conference at Minia. This resulted in the first general Sunday-school convention for Egypt.

In Syria, Palestine, Asia Minor and other fields there is not as yet any national organization. The WorId 's Sunday School Association proposes to locate secretaries at Constantinople, Algiers and Singapore. Capt. G. H. Scherer is appointed by an Intermission Committee as director of Sunday-school activities in Syria. In these lands where a number of missionary societies are at work side by side the Sunday-school is a common meeting ground. Even the Gregorian, Coptic and Orthodox Greek Churches are becoming stirred with a desire to share in the benefits of Bible study but there is, as might be expected, strong priestly opposition.

Although there are 894 teachers and officers in Egypt and the Sudan, the number of training classes is only twenty. Even these are of recent date, for sixteen of them have been started this year by Mr. M. S. Dewairy, the Field Secretary. In the other parts of the Moslem field, training classes and teachers' institutes are very few, and the idea of special preparation on the part of a school secretary or superintendent is entirely new. Generally speaking the day school teachers are asked by the pastor or the missionary to take the Sunday-school classes, with the result that the atmosphere and methods on Sunday are almost identical with the

m 'l'!;: day w(ll'L Till! tlee!, alld i II t illlate pCl';o;oual relationship hetween t eacher and scholar is lacking, and in the presentation of the lesson tiresome exhorta- tion too often takes the place of intelligent questioning and illus- tration. '1'he World's Sunday School Association, in active co- operation with the mission col- lege and theological school s, aims at bringing about a substantial advance in teaching efficiency.

All the Christian missions have felt the dearth of suitable literature in Arabic for teachers and pupils. TheWorId 's Sun- day School Association base at Cairo has therefore translated, SUNDAY SCHOOL OPPORTUNITIES 'published and circulated during Treasurer. President and Secretary of 'Boys' Sun – the past four years some excelday School class in Cairo. All th re e are . lent books and pa.mphle ts~ These [I"om Mosl em Homes have been issued in editions of from 1000 to 3000 copies and t wo editions are already sold out.

Many publications by the Nile Mission Press, 'Such as For- bush's Boys' Life of J esu, Zwemer's illustrated pamphlets, Miss Trotter's illustrated story-parables and "The Awakening of Bethlehem" have been widely circulated. Sunday-school articles have been contributed to mi ssion weeklies and monthlies in Cairo, Alexandria and Beirut. Circulation of books has been by sale through conferences, mail order s, colporteurs and book shops.

Only .the Golden Suggestions pamphlets have been given fr ee.

Our aim for the future is to produce original books in Arabic, Turkish and Persian. Even in the translations a free rendering has been given and illustrative material from these Moslem lands has been introduced.

There is intense and immediat e need for the creation of good literature in Arabic for children. Wretchedly illustrated novels of vice and crime, sold on the streets and in the city shops, are eagerly read. Boys and girls have nothing else offered them.

The great majority would r espond to better reading.

Special efforts have been made by the Field Secretary in Egypt to promote Decision Day services and the spirit of personal evangelism among teachers and scholars. Even young pupils have responded with earnestness, repeating the Sunday-school lesson to

groups in their homes or in the streets. Evangelistic sermons have been preached by Mr. Dewairy on all his journeys in Egypt and the Sudan. Dr. Sherwood Eddy's deeply spiritual address, "Temptation and How to Meet It," has been circulated in Arabic among thousands of Moslem hoys in the Government schools of Cairo, Tanta and Alexandria.

Throughout Armenia and most of the provinces of Asia Minor the Turks wrought havoc to Sunday-school buildings and property. It is impossible as yet to estimate the extent of these great losses. In cities like Uria, Van and Erzroom the class rooms have been completely demolished and every bit of equipment stolen. In other cities the woodwork has been torn out and sold by Kurds and Turks, so that floors, windows, ceilings, doors, blackboards and benches must be made anew.

MOSLE;M SUDANE;SE; noys J'N SUNDAY SCHOOL AT OMDURMAN In some places the relief work has created such friendly relations with Gregorian Armenians that former anti-Protestant prejudices have disappeared, and the Gregorians themselves have undertaken to organize Bible study classes. But the war and the deportations have made the hatred between Turks and Armenians stronger than ever. It is, humanly speaking, impossible to expect that the Turkish children will enter Armenian Sunday-schools. A constructive effort must be made by the missionaries to start schools especially for Kurds, Turks and Arabs.

The damage done in Palestine has been far less than in the north, yet the Turkish troops stabled their horses in the classrooms of St. Mary's school, .Jerusalem, and the Friends' Mission

in Ramalla had much furniture stolen and found its buildings in bad repair.

In the midst of the political unrest throughout the Near East there are hopeful facts which brighten the prospect for the future.

Dr. S. M. Zwemer's addresses in Cairo to boys and young men have drawn hundreds week after week to hear the call of Christ. A number of these have taken up systematic Bible study.

A Sunday-school has been started for the first time in the Gregorian Cathedral at Aintab, Turkey. The attendance is 600.

The Sunday-schools of Egypt and the Sudan contributed Christmas offerings in 1918 and 1919 for Armenian and Syrian relief, amounting to over $4,100.

The Laymen's Movement is steadily developing in Egypt, $4,500 being contributed in one year for new churches and Sunday-schools. This Movement is quickening the men of the churches spiritually.

Orders for all varieties of our Sunday-school publications in Arabic have been received from missionaries' in Central and Western China.

The British and American Missions in Syria have agreed upon a united Sunday-school effort, and they lay the chief stress upon work for the Druzes and Moslems.

Surely the gates of Mecca and Medina shall not much longer prevail against the entry of the Good Tidings of our Saviour. In these days when the Far East is being brought near to Christ, the Near East is beginning to discover that Islam leads far from the Truth of God, and that life eternal is to be found in Christ the Lord.

SUNDAY SCHOOL WORK IN SOUTH AFRICA The Union of South Africa and the five British Protectorates in the southern half of the continent cover an area of 1,300,000 square miles, and have a population of about 10,000,000 people. (This does not include the conquered German Colonies). This country is becoming more and more important on account of the opening of the Cape to Cairo Railway, and other large transportation systems. The European population in the Union of South Africa alone is nearly 1,500,000, the remainder of the popUlation being of colored or mixed races. As to the child population, it is estimated that there are about 300,000 European or white children of school age, of whom those in Sundayschools number less than one-half. The mission Sunday-schools report about 150,000 native pupils, leaving at least 5,000,000 African children untouched.

The majority of the schools. are feebly administered and comparatively ineffective, but they are important forces in the development of the corning generation of South African blacks. The forces of evil, drink, immorality and love of pleasure, are advancing rapidly and capture many of the young people. The Sunday-school work in South Africa is conducted under the management of the British section of the World's Sunday School Association, and needs to be developed and strengthened in all directions.

AT THE BEGINNING IN JAPAN-A MISSION

The Sunday School and the Future of Japan* H. E. COLEMAN, TOKYO, JAPAN Field Secreta ry of th e World's S unday School Association W HILE ON A Sunday-school lecturing trip to Kyushiu, last November, I 'had a visit with one man who had been in Japan twenty-seven years. He was taking a keen interest in our work and one night he said to me frankly, "I believe I have made a mistake. I have been here for over twenty-five years and we do not have even a very good church as the result."

This man had been the characteristic evangelistic missionary, and I should judge a very good one. He had one of the best small equipments that I have seen for such a work. There was no evidence, however, that the children had been thought of in building the church, for no part was suited to their needs. He said, "I believe if I had begun with the children, and if w~ had made an effort to hold them, we would have been today a stronger and more effectively working church."

This failure to provide for children is characteristic of many churches in Japan, but some workers have not yet seen the mistake. Our missionary methods have been such as were moulded in American theological seminaries, thirty to fifty years ago. Then there were no departments or professors taking up Sunday-school methods and the child was hardly thought of.

• Condensed from The Conttin en t.

359

The ohler people in Japan have been slow to come to meetings and hard to convince, and when tlley come it takes time before they are intelligent church worker:;. There is no foundation of religiom: reading, or church attendance, or giving, or social service (m which to build, as in this country. In fact we have breI! investing in burnt candles; for aftpr these Christians wpre functioning there was little of life's candle left. VY(~ saved a soul, hut how much bettpr it would ]](lY8 1)('en to save a soul plus a lifp, or in the above figurp, to invef't ill a calJ(lle that wasollly beginning to burn, so that its light might shine to hrighhm the way for mallY otherI'.

Thanh to mapy illflumICl'~ thc importance of the child to thl' church is now beginning to lw ulIdl'l'stood III Japan, and hOIYcy('r important the evallgelisiic work we rl'alize that we ean ][(wer lllab~ the nation Christian until w(, have lrd the children to Christ ami into livps of Christian sE~rviceo In fact ,ve haye found that the success of thp evangelistic effort dppeuds to a very large extent 011 the foulldational work of teachillg that has been done in the Sundayschool. They say, everyvherp, that the hest Christians in the churches are those who have been taught and trained in the Sundayschool.

Sunday-school work in .JaJlan is organized with fifty-two branches. Not all schools are yet affiliated with the Association, but before the world's convention meets in Tokyo we hOJle to organize 100 branches so as to illdude all parts of .Japan.

Do you know how Sunday-schools get started in .Japan? One way is for volunteer workers (student~) to go out from our Christian school~, rent a room or two in a .Japanese home, and call the children of tlw neighhorhood together. There they are taught Bible storim; and °truths, and learn to "ing Christian hymns so familiar to American children. One of such schools may come to be very successful, and tlw mis:;ion may decide to have an evangelist locate in the neighborhood, take over the Sunday-school, and begin in a little larger way the building of a church. In thi~ preaching place they will soon have two or three classes and then if it grows it will gradually develop into a church.

One fruitful branch of the local school's work has been Bible classes conducted for students, often in English. Two very fine young men from my classes are in Shantung, China, one as a Chinese postal clerk. Although a Japanese, he was appointed by the Chinese postal authorities as postmaster at Tsingtauo Besides these two, nve Christian young men from my classes are now in the foreign department of the Japanese imperial government.

Tokyo has a community training school for Sunday-school work-ers that has just finished its fifth term. We have also a standard teacher training course, and conduct training institutes two or three days in a place with six or seven lectures a day.

')20] THE SUNDiW SCHOOl, AND THE FUTURE OF JAPAN

In the town of Yoppaiiclii, which was notorious for its many had boys ami young lIH'll of criminal tendency, a Sunday-school was start(,d in the face of much opposition. Wlithin a few months the police tpstified that the spirit of the youth had changed, aIHl that now, Uti n retiult 0 [ the Christian influence, they have very little trouble.

rl'}w ;Jarmnese leadC'rs are realizing today the need for help in th" llormal training of the cllildren and youth. Dr. Sayeda, (,ditol' of the" Hoehi" (a aail)' paper} ill Tokyo, said: "With the <lmvllfall of materialistic civilizatioll and from our own experience in adoptillg only thc mat('J'ial side of ·Western civilization, we feel ]lOW, as Hever befon>, Hle necessity for emphasis on tho spiritual training of tIle young."

'1.'he great qU!;StiOll is, with what equipment shall we enter these open dool's¥ IVe have olily begun to touch the fwId, for the present RUllday-s(~h()ol Plll'o1mcllt in .Japan Hwans that we have ollly one in jou}' Jmndl'ed ill ChriHtiun Sunday-school,;.

*** MallY from America and Europe will become acquainted with Sunday-school work in Japan this autumn by personal contact at the rrokyo Convention. The missionaries have always given atten- tion to the teaching of the Bible, and have founded Sunday-schools ill connection with all their mission stations. There are today over 160,000 members of the Sunday-schools of Japan, alld a national Japan Sunday School Association was organized in 1914 under the direct influence of Mr. Frank L. Brown. .

Under the leadership of Mr. H. E. Coleman, representative of the World's Association, and of Mr. H. Kawasami, secretary of the national Japan Association, many up-to-date methods have been introduced into Japan. Graded Bible lessons covering twelve years is the standard set for themselves by the Japanese leaders. An interdenominationaliessoll committee of twenty-three is now at work preparing suitable courses for the different departments. Teacher training work has also been given much attention, and in addition to books from America that are translated and largely quoted ill religious publications, there are no less than thirty-five Sunday- school books printed in Japanese. Training schools for Sunday- school workers are held each year in the leading cities.

The coming of the ",Vorld's Convention is a goal toward which the Japan Association is working. They have set their aims as follows: (1) An increase in the average attendance in every Sunday-school of 25% by October, 1920. (2) All Sunday-schools (3) All Sunday-schools to strive to bring 1,000 schools up to the standards set for church schools. (4) All Sunday-schools to strive to try to organize at least 100 teacher-training departments.

S. D. PRICE.

Schools In Latin

BY REV. SAMUEL D. PRICE, D. D., NEW YORK Supt. Dept. of Utilizing Surplus Material, U. S. A.

I F THE Monroe Doctrine applies to the United States in things that are political, much more does the principle apply in matters that are religious. To no continent are we more obligated to take the teaching of Jesus Christ than to our southern neighbor.

In the religious training of Latin Americans through the Evangelical Sunday-schools COllstructive work has been going forward since 1916, when Rev. George P. Howard was appointed Sunday-school field secretary for South America, representing the World's Association, with his headquarters at Buenos .Aires. From t.here he visits all parts of Argentina, and has made frequent trips across the Andes to Chile, Bolivia and Peru, and northward into Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. A reel of moving pictures has been prepared under the direction of Mr. Howard· and one of the pictures shows the Secretary in his office, which is well equipped with Sunday-school material, including a worker's library of standard books, maps, lantern slides, charts, kindergarten appliances, teacher training material and other helps to supply information and illustration.

In South America the problem of Sunday-school literature is somewhat complicated by the fact that Portuguese is the language of Brazil and Spanish of the other countries. The graded lessons are the standard but they must be re-written for the Latin American mind and for conditions that prevail in lands where Christmas comes in midsummer.

ARGENTINA AND GHILE The moving picture reel reveals many surprising facts, such as the membership of a Sunday-school marching into the Second Methodist Church of Buenos Aires. First come the beginnners then follow the older members of this school by dep:;trtments, until at the close of the procession corne a group of old men and women ~ho are regular attendants of the adult Bible class. Classes of young and old are shown while in the midst of their class room work. The sand table is in evidence with the delightful little tots watching eagerly, and in contrast we see the teacher training class of older ones getting ready to do efficient work in instruction and soul winning.

Constructive Christian work has been carried on in Chile, ranging from teacher training classes to great evangelistic meetings in which hnndreds have registered their decision to accept Jesus Christ 362 'Ill!! their personal Saviour. Many of these after careful examination have been received into church membership and classes have been formed for tlie thorough instruction of others to prepare them also for active membership. The work includes organized adult Bible classes, Father and Son banquets' and many other modern features'of Bible school work. A paragraph from Mr. Howard's 1917 report shows how: eager are many to adopt his sugges,tions. Speaking of the elementary department he said: "Six months ago there was not a single kindergarten department in any of the fifty Sunday-schools in Buenos Aires. Now there are four such classes using the Beginners' Graded Lessons, and the habit is spreading. One lady writes that her chil- s. S. TEACHER TRAINING Boo~~~clOUTH dren's favorite game is 'playing' Sunday- school, and that there is nothing they enjoy so much as going to Sunday-school now that their class room has been made so attractive with little chairs, blackboal1dand sand table. They are now coming to Sunday-school twenty minutes ahead of time, eager to get into their little class room, and it is not uncommon to find tllem bringing a little stranger-friend whom they wish to intro- duce to their fine class."

IN BRAZIL The very size of such a country as Brazil creates many limitations when Sunday-school work is attempted. There are populous centers such as Rio de Janeiro, Pernambuco, Sao Paulo and Bahia. Then there are vast stretches where one Sunday-school is removed a thousand miles from its nearest neighbor. There are many states in Brazil without an evangelical missionary and some with only one church or Sunday-school. The Sunday-school statistics rMd like a romance. At the World's Convention in Zurich in 1913 the membership was reported as 21,448. Soon the encouraging report came that a total of 27,000 and later 30,000 had been attained. An indication of the progress can be noted by the facts concerning their Sunday-school Rally Day which was held October 26, 1919. Here in the United States if the enrolment was 60,000 the Rally Day aim would probably be about 40,000. Very few would be bold enough to aim for 100%. Not so in Brazil. Their goal was 100,000 and the goal became only another mile stone. Figures have not been obtained for the entire country, but Rev. H. C. Tucker, Sunday-school Secretary for ,Brazil, esti-

Ilud.e" thaL [JIU lllLllllJ'1'1O will Ul'Ob,lhly rallg'p fl'''lll 1:J5,UUU 10 l..J-U,UOO. 'fhey believutl ill lJUlJli(Jil.y a" wpll a" pen-;()ual appeal. Oil tlw front of the Hio de J alleiro trolley cars large placards were placed stating that "Tomorrow is Go-to-Sunday-school Day" and every·· body was urged to attend.

An item of special interest comes from Rio de Janeiro in connection with Rally Day. On two occasions when rally meetings had been held one of the boys who had looked forward with great expectation to be present had the misfortune of being sick. He was not in a condition to walk or travel in the street cars but on the second occasion five or six of his chums, poor boys working for salaries of about $18 per month, agreed to hire a taxi and take this boy to the meeting. ·When this a11l10UncemBnt was made there was a great clapping of hands and calling for those boys to stand up. Mr. Tucker, who related the incident added, "Really the occasion was tense with enthusiasm." * The next W orId 's Convention may be held in Rio de Janeiro. The Sunday-school leaders in Brazil are seriously considering the question of extending a hearty invitation when the Sunday-school workers gather in Japan next fall. The date would normally be in 1924. An eight point standard was adopted for the Sunday-schools of Brazil in 1918. Many schools are gaining the entire eight points and receive a diploma with seals showing the goals attained. The points are: (1) Organization; (2) Cradle Roll; (3) Organized Class; (4) Normal Class; (5) Home Department; (6) Instruction in Missions and Personal Work; (7) Report every six months to Sunday-school Union; and (8) Annual Financial Contribution to the Union. On last Rally Day more than $3,000 were contributed for the work of the Brazil Sunday School Union. Some of the teacher training books that have been translated into Portuguese are used not only by Sunday-school teachers but are appreciated by many in private and public schools, and by pupils in the Government Normal Schools. The Sunday-school in Brazil has the opportunity of doing a great work along the line of helping to introduce modern pedagogical and psychological methods into the whole educational system of the country.

• For months the Sunday-school leaders in Brazil individually and the Brazll Sunday School Union as an organization have been appealing to the World's Sunday School ASSOCiation. urging that a full time, well equipped Sunday-school secretary be sent to them. This request has been emphasized by the personal entreaty of such men as Myron Clark, who Is in charge of the Y. M. C. A. work in Brazil and Mr. Domingo A. Olevelra, Superintendent of the largest Sunday-school in Rio and the leading boot and shoe manufacturer in Brazil. A cable was sent to Brazil in March stating that at last a maD had been found and that initial gifts bad been obtaIned to make possible the commissioning of Rev. Herbert S. K. Harris, a Presbyterian pastor in Elmira, for this speCial work.

A WOMAN'S BIBLE CLASS IN CHINA- NOTICE THE BOUND

Importance of Bible Study in China BY REV. OTTO BRASKAMP, TENG CHOW FU, SHANTUNG T HE SUNDAY-SCHOOL is one of the best methods for direct and effective evangelistic work, for wherever there is a well organized Sunday-school there is a strong evangelistic spirit. As a result of this work many strong church organizations have been developed. If it were not for the Sunday-school in China the churches would not he what they are today. Young and old, rich and poor, learned and unlearned come together for Bible study. Every phase of the work is carried on and developed in many directions. Much emphasis is laid on opportunities for Ber!ice and great stress has been placed on Bible study both in the 'inllividual churches and the group meetings with pastors, evangelists, and otlier workers to learn how to make the Bible class work of the churches more effective spiritually, The progress and influence of the standardizing of the Sundayschools is most satisfying. The spirit and interest is developing and spreading rapidly throughout Ohina. The teacher training and Sunday-school Institutes have been a great help in f)1rthering the movement. The long-hoped-for Research Laboratory of Religious Education has made a wonderful start and the 365

Chinese leaders have a worth while Normal Training Institution in Religious Education. lIhe doors are wide open for this type of work but where are the instructors f Rev. E. G. Tewksbury, the General Secretary for China and the only one for that vast country says: "Certainly among the many interests that claim attention, absolutely none has been in my own life more fundamental than this stress on 'personalized' evangelism. It has made over my own life and that of many of my associates."

If ever the Gospel in all it fulness and strength was needed by mankind, it is needed today. Some definite lines of Sunday- school work in China are: (1) The Week of Evangelism. (2) A Bible Reading Church, (a) Social service, (b) Personal Work. (3) "Christianity to Save China," movement. (4) Yunnan Mission Movement. (5) An adequate church program.

The work is growing in China. For example in Tengchowfu, Shantung, Snnday-school services for one church are held in six places owing to lack of room in the city church. It is estimated that about 1,000 study the Sunday-school lessons.

The primary department of this church is composed of out- side children, street waifs and day school pupils, with an average attendance of 300. The advanced department is composed of church members, students and non-Christians with an average attendance of 400. Two teacher training classes are held weekly for the study and explanation of the lesson. Regular Sunday- school services are held in four of the day schools which have been opened to reach the non-Christian women and children who live too far from the church. The average attendance in these schools is seventy-two with one hundred and fifty as the highest number present. Boarding school girls and women from the Bible Training School assist in teaching. Both graded and international lessons are used and have given splendid satisfaction.

In practically all the rural day schools, country chapels and churches, Sunday-schools are condu{lted either by the teacher, pastor, elder or evangelist. The Christians and inquirers also • attend and receive a great deal of benefit from the study and explanation of the lesson. The W~stminster and Graded Bible Lessons are used and Home Study Lessons are taught in some of the Christian homes, where there is no Sunday-school or day school.

One of the most interesting features of the Sunday-school work in China is the celebration of Christmas in churches and out- stations. At one station the pupils from six heathen schools came in a body with their teachers to attend the exercises. Two of these

IMPORTANCE OF BIBLE STUDY IN CHINA

teachers have since become inquirers. Two large Christmas trees 'were secured from the hillside and trilluned with paper flowers and fruits; the gateway and school room were decorated with pine branches. Suitable exercises were held all day long and about 200 people attended. At the close the children were each given a little handful of peanuts ana a persimmon. Sometimes a large box of dolls and toys comes from American friends and these we distribute among them. How much they appreciate them is shown by an extract from a letter written by one of the parents.

"1 have much pleasure in acknowledging your kind thought of sending my children the pretty little doll which I understand was sent by your good friends in America. It manifests that they possess the love of God, even sending presents to us over here, not mentioning the lives sacrificed. I wish you when writing to tender them. our very hearty thanks.

Often for Ohristmas entertainment the Sunday-school children give a play illustrating the spirit of giving of our' best to others. The methods of Ohristians in celebrating Ohristmas has a decided evangelistic effect and the attendance on the part of the heathen shows the increasing interest in Ohristian customs.

*** The progress of Sunday-school work in Ohina is shown by the following figures from all missions that conduct schools giving definite and regular Ohristian instruction.

All Societies: 1915 1916 1917 Schools ……………………. 3,025 3,637 4,301 Teachers ………………….. 7,355 11,021 12,416 Pupils …………………… 165,282 195,704 210,397 Two hundred thousand Sunday-school members in China are by no means a small force for righteousness, though they are in the midst of a people numbering over 400,000,000. These Bible Schools are rendering a great service in helping to produce Ohristian leaders for tomorrow.

The Ohina Sunday School Union is working in cooperation with the churches and the missionary agencies, as well as with other organizations seeking the spiritual welfare of the Ohinese. The Executive Oommittee of the Ohina Sunday School Union is chosen from among the missionaries and other Ohristian leaders, and the General Secretary, Rev. Elwood G. Tewksbury, is also the representative of the World's Sunday School Association.

Laying foundations has been the constant and consistent aim of the work in China. Numerous teacher training books have been translated into Ohinese. More than 1600 Ohinese leaders have already received teacher training certificates as an evidence that they have either attended training institutes conducted by the

Union, 01' lJayu pa ssed uxalllillatioll" III OIl,> ur more of the books of the teae]('I' train iIlg Sf' ri <'S.

'l'hat ilw UhiJl(',"p Uhlir-ell lllil)' becolIH' a Biblc I'cuuing Church, special attentiOlI has been givml hy thc Sunday-school leaders in China to a systf'lll of IJhonctic writi·ng. This will lUcan an opcn Bible for Sunday-school as wpll as for church folk and missions.

TEACHING THE NEW PHONETIC SCRIPT IN CHINA This new National Phonetic Script promises to be one· of the greatest blessings tl1at has come to China. Thousands of characters are needed in writing classic Chinese and hundreds are necessary for even very simple reading. With the new phonetic script only thirty-nine characters are necessary to represent the various sounds, and even an ignorant person can learn to read by means of the" phonetic" in three weeks. An educated person can master the new system in a few hours and typewriters with the script are now in use. I n a country where today only about 2% are able to read it can readily be seen what a tremendous value this new system will have in Christian education. 'rhe production of invaluable literature in both Chinese and English is having its effect. Sunday-school literature is now being issued in this script, such as the Chinese r['eachers' Quarterly and the China Sunday School Jounal. Practically the whole New Testament is out in this script, and a new day is dawning for China.

S. D. P.

AIR SUNDAY SCHOOl, CONDUCTED BY BOYS IN

Sunday School Work In India BY REV. RICIIIRD BURGES, JUBDUU'ORE, INDIA "IN General Secretary, India Sunday School Union OHDEH, to achieve somrtJLing dnrable among the heathen it is neccssary to teach Lhe young. My greatest joy is to work . among the children and the hope I derive from such work is very great." This was the testimony of Bartholomew Zeigenbalg, the first Protestant missionary to India. More than two centuries Jlave passed and g(merations of missionaries have come and gone. Five thousand arc in Imlia today and all of them require but a few months' experience on the field before they hold the same opinion as Zeigenbalg.

In the hundred years between Zeigenbalg and vVm. Carey there were no Sunday-schools in tbe modern sense in India. Nevcrtheless there 'was undoubtedly systematic and excellent re- ligious instruction, especially for the young. '1'he news of Robert Raikes' movement reached Carey, Marshman and "Vard in Ser- ampore, Bengal. William and Felix Oarey, sons of "William Carey the Great," and tbeir friend John JJ'ernandez, were at that 369

time on the threshold of young manhood. There seemed possibili- ties in Serampore. A work was planned and a plan was worked. Thirty Bengali children, with these three well-grown lads as teachers, constituted the first Sunday-school in India. This was in the month of July, 1803. In the self same year that Bonaparte unsuccessfully mobilized his f.orces at Boulogne to take England, these three lads successfully laid a plan to take India. In 1819 the first Sunday School Union in India was constituted, embracing Calcutta and the surrounding district.

With the missionary expansion of the reformed churches came the growth of Sunday-schools. But the growing movement was not unified until Dr. T. J. Scott, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, then Principal of the Theological Seminary, Bareilly, put time, money, energy, brain and heart into the cause. In the Decennial Missionary Conference of 1872 Dr. Scott urged the formation of a Union, on a national scale, for the consolidation and expansion of Sunday-school work. Dr. Scott's work was rewarded hy the formation of the India Sunday School Union and he was appointed the first Honorary General Secretary. This epoch- making event took place in the Baptist Church, Allahabad, in the . year 1876.

The India Sunday School Union embraces thirty-two Auxil- iaries. Their boundaries coincide, in the main, with the large Pro- vincial political areas of India and Malaysia. They are self- governing and depend largely, for their usefulness, on the per- Ronnel of their chief officers. This is not ideal, but facts must be faced. Inter-denominational committees, at their best, find it diffi- cult to hold together permanently and effectively. Conunittee mem- bers include generally overworked missionaries and the laity, fre- quently changing, and all serve in an honorary capacity. The ideal is to employ a whole-time paid secretary for each large auxiliary section who will rally, unite and coordinate the work and workers.

The International Bible Reading Association has for many years been promoted by the India Sunday School Union. The natural home of this Association is the Sunday-school, and its topic the International Lessons each week. By its means the home and the school are linked by a golden thread, and the personal habit of daily Bible study is formed and strengthened. The lists of readings are issued in 13 Indian languages besides English. The total registered membership is 17,400 in the ver- naculars and English, but probably 100,000 read the selected Bible portion daily. In the missionary educational institutes the Inter- national Bible Reading Association has a strong influence. As a matter of course the portion is read each morning at "opening prayers."

Figures are not the chief or the only proof of progress, but

SUNDAY SCHOOL WORK IN INDIA

they are worthy of consideration. Take 1881 as a starting point. In that year there was in India a Sunday-school membership of 65,728; by actual count there was in 1910 a membership of 565,717. That mean an actual increase in thirty years of 860%. Through- out the year 1910 one new Sunday-school was established every four hours and one new scholar enrolled every five minutes. There are many existing Sunday-schools which are not reported. Making allowance for those, I estimated that there are in the Sunday-schools . of India no less than 750,000 teachers and scholars.

In England there is a Sunday-school membership of about one to every seven of the whole population; in India it is about one in every 500. The membership varies in different parts of the empire for certain manifest reasons. For instance in north Ceylon there is one Sunday-school member to every 19 of the population; while in Central India it is one in every 3761. These numbers will hava a new meaning when it is remembered that each figure rep- resents a human soul, and that probably half the Sunday-school membership is non-Christian. While we congratulate ourselves on what has been done, we should be humiliated at the fact that three- quarters of a million is a small number of Sunday-school members out of about 133 million Indian children under 16 years of age.

The most valuable testimonies as to the usefulness of the India Sunday School Union come from the mission lands where it exists. As the Bible Societies are indispensable in providing printed copies of Holy Scripture, so these Unions are indispensable in promoting the study of the Bible. The India Sunday School Union seeks to call into activity the latent power of the indigenous Church, training and directing that voluntary service in the interests of evangelization through the child. Herein, admittedly, lies the ultimate solution of the most fundamental problem of all missionary endeavor; herein also lies the justification for the existence of the work here outlined.

Bishop Thoburn says: "The signs of the times, the lessons of the past, the indications of the future, the call of Providence, and the voices which come borne to us by every breeze, and from every nation under heaven, all alike bid us lay our plans upon a scale worthy of men who expect to conquer a world."

'" '" '" The Sunday-school is one of the greatest institutions of today.

As a school of religious instruction it is inestimable. As a civil institution it is priceless.-Daniel Webster.

*** What is taught in the Sunday-schools of today is the code of morals for tomorrow.-Woodrow Wilson.

* * '" Our army cannot- save the country, our navy cannot save the country, but our Sunday-schools, sown thick as school houses throughout the land, can save the country.-General Rutherford.

Stand-by on Sunday Skoal

in Ameriky* BY REV. JOSEPH CLARK, D. D., ALBANY, NEW YORK Superintendent of the N cw York State Sunday School Association Brush Pork March 25, 1920, My dear Bl'uther Laban: I've just got a notis that the "Vudd's Sunday Skool OOlIVeJl- tilmn is to meet in Tokyo, Japan, Jwxt October; and, if our oil-well mOHey keeps cnnmrin ill, yure cistern-in-law Marthy and yun' Bruther Timothy is a-planning to go. 'l'he wind's blowin from tJw , Vest this mornill and its a-wafting to my cars the soothing chug of the pump at the oil-well. I'm therefore reportin that tho oil- well's still a-runnin. Just now, Brush Fork is all ablaze with ex- citement about the program that the Kingdom of God haz just put on fer the downin of the devil. I reckon it took its kew from the wurld war. The big 'Var what waz kOl1cluded some two year ago sure did upset things, and now the Soljers of the Oross haz the job of settin the wurld rite agin. There's ollly one way fer to do it, and that is fer the churches and skoals to git together. The Alli(~s had to ,r;it together to win the war, and now the churches is follerin suit, and is gittin together to lick the devil. Vell, Laban, that's rite-smart of a job, but it sure is needed.

The wurld war did some good things; but it did plenty of bad ones. One of the best things it did wuz to put the lid on the saloon forever. Glory! But, Laban, it took the lid off a lot of volcanoes-labor volcanoes, Bolshevick volcan- oes, high-cost-of-livin volcanoes, and the like, and now they're spoutin forth their fumes in such awful fury that it looks like as if • Copyright applied for 1920 by Joseph Cla-rk.

One of the unique and well known characters in the Sunday-school world is "Timothy Stand-by, the Sunday-school 1ian," Dr. Joseph Clark, who writes under this name, was an editor who became a minister and then entered Sunday-school work. He founded the Colorado Association and was for some years State Secretary of the Ohio Association. He is now State Superintendent for New York and has recently completed a campaign for a $500,000 fund for Sunday-school work. He is a well-known speaker at conventions and his "Timothy Stand-by" letters convey much valuable information and many helpful suggestions in characteristic fashion.-EDIToR.

372 ili(, wudd will 1)(' ,!l,'a~,,('d il' it dOli 'j 'utdl onl alld hur!'y lip aml git 1)]1 ii's gas 11m!'!;:. 'rhaL old llIaid of ullei!'lIt history, lliKN Pandol'Y, [who we leal'll('d about ill the Brush ~-'()l'lCR skool] wuzzell't a match to the wurld war ill makin t1'ouhl('. The nashulls of the wurld haz bin shoutin "Peace!" "Peaee!" Wl!('n there aint no "PC'ace"; and, wurse than t1tat, Amel'iky 11az no placp in the "IJeag of Nashuns." Ain't it awfu17 "Wpll, az I WllZ sayin, thp SundaY-Rkool folb is roused and has started in on a kampain of evallgeliflm and I'C'lijus edikashun what's goin to reaeh to the ends of tIle earth.

Laban, ilw SUl'lll'izin ihing is that it has bnell di"kovered that Ameriky, mOl"ll eml)' othpr Nashull nC'pds jOggillg up on relijus edikashun, if it's goin to do fer its('lf what it'H a-plmlIlin to do for tIle wurld. Laban, faeks is faeks, just as sure as pig" is pigs, and we mite as well fnee 'em square.

r have been a-studyin the ilggers of late, and they're somethin alarmin. Laban, how many folks und(~r 25 yeel' of age do you spose is livin in Ameriky today~ I know you have no idee so I'll tell you. There's just 55 million, 775 thousand and 40 [55,775,040]. I spose a few more haz bin born since them. figgers wuz collected. The Katholicks claims ahout 8,600,000, the Jews 1,630,000, and all the other rclijuns about 376,000. The Protestants haz about 17,- 000,000. After the Katholicks haz got credit for all they claim, and the Jews and Protestants for all they claim, there's still 27,000,000 boys and girls and yung folks in the United States claimed by nobuddy who don't go to Sunday-skool and who have no relijus trainin or edikashun of enny kind. That means that two m~t of :~very three [or 69 purcent]' aTC goin to no Tel':;jtts skool, and 4,- 000,000 of them are in New York State.

Laban, these figgers is bad cnuff; but they look skandlus when ve face the fack that more 'n half of the folks what belongs to the Sunday-skool are absent most of the time. They're like Lige Tucker. He jined the Masons thirty yeer back and haz bin in the lodge-room only twict since>. Notwithstundin that, he's sot on insi sting that he's a Mason.

You see, Laban, that durin thc war the Sunday-skool folks got their eyes on somethin else besides the trainin of children in relijun. They nit socks, and sold Liberty Bonds, and sowed fer the Red Cross, and sung in Community Koruses, and cut bandages fer the woundid, and did a thousand other things what took time; and they fergot there wuz such a thing as relijus edikashun. That's one of the reesons why the Sunday-skool cause haz had a set-back in Ameriky. And now that the War is over [all except between the United States and Germany] the Sunday-skool's havin some job to git back where it onct wuz-to say nuthin of becomin what it long ago orter have bin. It's rite-smart harder to climb up a mountin,

Laban, than it is to slide down: and just now the Sunday-skool is in the climbin bizness.

Laban, one of the surprizin things about the Sunday-skool is that it haz got along at aU, when the church haz bin so stingy in pClrvidin money for carryin it on. In a town down East, what haz 18 worshipin congregations, it haz bin discovered that in one yeer, all of them put together spent on their churches and Sunday-skools $209,000; and out of that money, Laban, only $6,600 wuz spent fer the Sunday-skools. Just think of it, Laban !-200 thousand dollars [or 97 purcent] for the church, and 6 thousand dollars [or 3 percent] for the Sunday-skool. That's worse than" 16 to 1." It ain't no wonder the Sunday-skool haz bin livin at a poor dyin rate.

Why, Laban, the United States haz bin blowin in stacks of money for everythin under the sun except fer the relijus trainin of its boys and girls. It haz clean fergot that the safety of the Nashun depends more on the relijus trainin of the people than it duz on the money they git or the good times they have. The time to make character is in childhood and youth-not after folks has growed up. There's lots of trooth in the old sayin "If the saplin is bent, the tree will be crooked." Laban, figgers shows that fer every man, woman and child, Ameriky last year spent $2.40 fer automobiles, $1.30 fer candy, $1.12 fer coffee, 80 cents fer patent medicines, and 7 cents fer lead pencils i while the money spent by the Denominashunal and Interdenominashunal Sunday-skool Boards fer the relijus edikashun of the boys and girls wuz little more than 5 cents fer each member of the Protestant Churches-the cost of a cheap lead pencil fer relijus edikashun and $2.40 fer joy rides. Laban, "if the richus skarsely be saved, where will the wicked and ungodly appear ~" Woe is me ! I'm all undone! Selah!

But, Laban, the Sunday-skool wurld is rouzed up over the matter and is gittin down to bizness. In the first place its trainin more lee-ders fer young people. It's bin revealed that the Sunday-skool's the place where leeders is made. The leeders of Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts and Camp-fire Girls of course are members of the Church, but it haz bin pinted out that 80 per cent of them are teechers or officers in the Sunday-skool, and 7 percent a,re pastors. That leaves only 13 percent who are not tied up to the Sunday-skool. Don't you see, Laban, that it's up to the Sunday-skool, through Trainin Classes fer leedership, Summer Trainin Skools, Weeknight Skools of Relijus Edikashun, and the like, to train a big army of leeders ~ And that's a part of the program to-day.

Then, Laban, the Sunday-skools of Ameriky is plannin to make a hundred thousand more misshunaries. Misshunaries are not made after they git to be twenty yeer old. Livingstone and MoiEatt, and J ndson and Thoburn and all the rest heard their kall to the missionfield in their teen yeers. From now on every Sunday-

TIMOTHY STAND-BY ON "SUNDAY SKOOLS IN AMERIKY."

skoal is to become a recrutin stashun fer the enlistin of misshunaries, and it won't be long afore a Sunday-skoal what's not represented somewhere in the misshun field by one or more of its own boys and girls will be ashamed to hold up its head and look the wu,dd in the face.

Then, Laban, there are sum big plans on just now fer Vacashun Bible Skools to run fer six weeks durin the summer time. When you and I wuz young, Laban, the day skools closed ill 'the spring to give the boys a chance to help their dads on the farm raise a crop of corn. But them days is past. There ain't no reason why the public skoals in this day should close in the spring. They do it because they've got the habit, and they turn the boys out in June not to raise corn, but to "raise Cain." And the boys "raise Gain" because they have nuthin els,e to do but to kill time. The Sunday-skoal wurld is a-plannin, Laban, to take half of the day skoal vacation-time ferrelijus edikashunto teech boys and girls relijun and the Bible, and a lot of other things that the public skoal can't teech, and tha.t will help the youngsters grow up to be clean, high-minded Christian citizens, who will live right and vote right, and who will be an improvement over a lot of folks we now have in Ameriky. Grate guns, Laban, we wuz born too soon! We'd orter be kids now, and git the benefit of these modern doins.

Then, Laban, plans is shapin up fer trainin the officers of the Sunday-skoals-the Suprintendents, secretaries and sich. The Lord knows they need trainin. The ,Skoal officers. are to be fed up on books and plans and confurences on Skoal Administrashun until they know their job as well as the preecher knows hiz. It won't be long, Laban, afore suprintendents will be displayin a framed diplomy on the skool wall back of the desk [just like an engineer has one hangin on his engine-room wall] a-certifyin to . the fack that he's passed the test and knows enuff about runnin a Sunday-skoal to be put in charge. Why not, Laban~ There's just as much in knowin how to run a skool as there is in pilotin a ship, or drivin a locamotiv.

This warm spring day reminds me, Laban, that Summer Skoals fer trainin Sunday-skool leeders is now goin to be worked harder than ever. If I wuz a bettin man [which the Lord forbid], I'd bet our brown leghorn rooster that the Summer Skools will have more folks in them this summer than ever. Almost every 8iate haz one, and the Internashunal Association runs a Trainin Skool at Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, which is called a "Graduate Skool " where they sand paper down and polish up the students what haz bin graduated from the State Skools. Oh, Laban, I know in usin these edikashunal words I'm gettin into deep water, fer you've never heard of sich doins and sich skools afore, but they're

pintin illl: 'a)" tl! a j illlt' -IIt'11 Hh ~1lJ'(: HZ [atf', the SllIlI11'ly-skooi will be a real ~k()()l of H(dijllR l'Jdika~lIlllI what -ilt l'mch out into the week nights amI i lito parts of wppk days, and the publick skool will be sittin at till' feet of ihe Sumiay-skool learnin somethin new in sykology and ped('rgogT, and JIOW to train the side of n hoy that the day skoal can't rench-Iii" ~piritual natur.

And that ain't all, Laban, fer the Sunday Skoal's dead sot on headin off the BolRheyick biwe8s ill this country. r1'hat can't he done hy makin oV!?r the growed-llp Bol8hevicks,' enny more th~m a farmer can ,,(mitcn up n tree _after its a foot thick. Big oaks comes from littln akol'l1s, and th(~ time to take the kink out of a Bolsheviek is WllC'1l he 'I' it little chap. That wild and woolly Villa down in Mexiko il' it good sample of a -Bolshevick. Think what he's cost Mexiko and the Ullited States! Think what heaps of trubble he's made, and what money he's cost. That might all have bin savpd if sum SUlldaY-l'kool in Mexiko had got hold of him when hp wuz a kid alld startid him right. That's what we've got to do with the Bolshevicks j get thp little Bolshevicks into the Sunday-skoal, and bring them up to love .Jesus. Then they'l1 love our country and OUT f1ng and evcrybmldy, and will grow up to be law-abidin citizens.

And, Laban, plans is on foot to plant a Sunday-skoal in every town and village in the ,Vest. Out on the fronteer thcre's hundreds of little towns with no preecher, with no church, and with no SUllday-skool; while, down to .Jerika Kart House, where Main and High Street crosses, there's churches on three corners within a hundred feet of each other. Laban, that's plantin too many seed-corn in a hill. There's thousands of boys and girls in the West who never saw a church and who never heard of a Sundayskool, and they're grovin up without relijus trai_nin. The Sundayskoal folks is detarmined that such doins can't go on enny longer. Laban; afore you're datin yure letters "1930" there'll be a Sunday-skool within walkin distance of every family in Ameriky. When that time comes, and there are plenty of Sunday-skools and no saloons, the Millenyum will ht' here. Glory!

Laban, I just got startpd, but 1'11 have to quit. The best news I've got to tell ennyhuddy in these days is that I'm gain to Japan afore frost, and my wife Marthy's goin with me. The only Japaneps word I know is "Ohio." It mean's" gool1 mornin," and I'spose I'll work it overtime when I get to Tokyo.

The oil well's still a-rnnnin. Keep prayin that it will keep at it, fer if it quits, my Tokyo trip is busted.

Yours truly TIMOTHY STAND-BY.

The Continent of

BY HENRY N. PHILCOX, LO"DON, ENGLAND Hon. Secretary of the Continental Mission Snnday School Union A1/l'HOUGH in the year' of 'Waterloo the Sunday School Union ill London ::nade a gl~ant towards a Sunday-schoo~ in France, ~where the ldea was mtroduced by one of the eXIles who re- iumed at the close of tIl(' ~apoleonic rc>gime, and although isolated efforts were mndp in various countries in subsequent years, it ,yas not till the laUer llurt of tlle nineteenth century that an organized SundaY-Rc1lool mO"('llWlIt on the Continent began-in France-and it wa" not till 18G4 that any organized effort was mad(~ from r~ng­ land to promote Sunday-schools in I{]uTope.

'l'he grmvth of Sunda~·-i-'chool york ill Protestant lands 1Ia<; since theH been cOllsiderahl0, ('VPll in Finland where three-fiftlls of the population of fonr or five millions are Lutherans. There are some 170,000 Sunday-school scholars in the Lutheran schools. Otll(er Protestant countries Oll the continent formerly helped from England, now are indepelldputly organized and Holland has made valued gifts towards work in other lands. In Norway and Sweden local Unions are still helpcdl)y grants from England, but splendid progress has been made and it is hoped that, ere long, the Continental mission may.be ahle to cOIlcentrate its efforts on nOIl- Protestant Europe.

How vast is the need 7 A population of roughly 300,000,000 people, i. e., about equal to that of British India. But heathen India haR thrre times as many Sunday-school scholars as these so·called Christian lands. Thpy a re but nominally Christian, for Romanism in Catholic lands is for the vast majority a system of superstition, by which it is }lOped to escape physical and spiritual suffering. The Greek Ohurch giYeR hut dim Gospel light in Eastern Europe. TIle resnlt is clearly manifest. Vith the advance of education tlw old superstitions are discredited and men, who know no othE'I" form of Christianity than that of Rome, become agnostic or atheist. Hence it iR neCE'ssary to incnlrate a purer faith and the surest way of doing this is through the child. Many children are permitted to attend the ('vangelical Sunday-school whose parentR would never enter ml (wang-elieal church. By these children, and frequf'ntly by the l<'st'on leaflets or other literature given to them the Gm,pel mes8Hge TPHch('R many a home which otherwise wonld he l1ntonclll'd.

For 11par1y 'Rixty yl'nrR tllP COld i l1<'l1tn1 MisRioll hnR Rupported work ill Frml('c alld 11:1s l'll{prl'd lliliP)" rOllniriPR. On!' of t1lp mo"t hopeful fields is Italy, wIlere there is [( SUllda~· School Union which 377

comprises every Protestant denomination, including the Episcopal, the Brethren and the Salvation Army. Already an advance has been made into new territory which was formerly under the dom- inance of Austria. Week by week as new schools are opened in "Redeemed Italy" and in other districts increased demands come for literature-lesson leaflets for the children, and lesson helps for the teachers. How much there is yet to be done-population of Italy 36,000,000, Sunday-school scholars 15,000!

Spain with its population of 21,000,000 is in a still more back- ward condition. Scattered here and there are missions with ap- proximately 5,000 scholars, but the distances between the workers are so great that this fact and other difficulties incidental to isolated work have so far rendered abortive all attempts to found a Sunday School Union. Help is given to some of the schools by grants for literature, towards general expenses, and by the loan of lantern slides, the display of which attracts many children who would not come to an ordinary school. Portugal is in much the same state as Spain.

.Of South Eastern Europe little can be said. In Bulgaria be- fore the war, there were some schools and in Greece in 1900 the writer heard of only four schools, and has no knowledge of any in- crease. Shortly before Greece entered the war, two Greeks, who were eager to work for the children, were called for military service and the proposals were dropped. .

Russia before the Revolution was a' fruitful field-in spite of the many difficulties, such as persecution, lack of workers and ignor- ance of those who were willing to work, and the vast distances to be .traversed by the Sunday-school missionary. Even during the days of the Terror, devoted Sunday-school workers traveled long distances to foster the schools and to encourage the workers.

The .door will yet be fully opened and we must be ready to enter.

Hungary is largely nominally Protestant and had many Sun- day-schools in 1900, when the writer's visit to Budapest brought these workers into touch with England and led to the formation of a Sunday School Union. The bright prospects have, we fear, been marred by the war and the partition of Hungary.

Bohemia was, before the war, the home of a small work carried on amid varied difficulties. The new Czecho-Slovakia offers one of the most hopeful fields. Its population is some 13,000,000 of whom only about 500,000 are Protestants. But there is a strong movement among the Roman Catholic population, priests and people alike, away from the Papal Church. Tl].e Government is tolerant and sympathetic, and the cry has already reached us for help.

The children of Europe are the key to the evangelization of that continent.

Methods for Sunday

REPORTED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 45 W. 18TH STREET, NEW YORK CITY l'HE ENLISTING OF A THOUSAND How one Girl put a Thousand, not to Flight but to Work "SOME day we're going to number MISS JESSIE BURRALL a thousand; some day we're going Leader of a Bible Class that enrolls a thousand to fil! this hall," sang a group of daring Washington girls. The group young women was one of the twelve into which a defiled' is the most interesting study Sunday-school class was divided. in the world. Believing that the The hall was one of the finest movie human mind is incurably religious, theaters in Washington. The teacher we go ahead providing an opportunity was Miss Jessie Burrall. for the exercise of the spiritual na- ture. On Sunday, March 21st, 1920, the mark that the girls had dared to "A sponge never discovers its true place before them was reached. They nature so long as it remains in a had enrolled their "thousand" and saturated atmosphere. We refuse to went over it with aU eighty plus, and provide a saturated atmosphere they have not yet called a halt. The wherein the girls, by passively listenclass was begun with six girls in ing, can feel· that their Christian November, 1917. Miss Burrall, who duty is done, but everlastingly enis chief of School Service, National courage them to become bits of Geographic Society, called these girls radium and to let their light shine. together at Calvary Baptist Church Our aim is to set every girl at whatto face the spiritual and social needs ever work she can best do. The class stands, also, for joy, jollity, and of the army of girls who were pour- even pila,rity, ing into Washington iIt- war work.

The class soon numbered fifty. Then it went to one hundred, and has been growing ever since, although many of the original war workers have left the capital.

Explaining the success of her class, Miss Burrall says: "The chief aim is the rlevelopment of spiritual values in the lives of the members in order to set them free from the cares, perplexities and irritations seemingly so much a part of life, and lead them into sane, joyous, happy acquaintance with God, by taking the New Testament promises at face value and seriously attempting to live by them.

"We very carefully avoid anything sensational in the teaching or conduct of the class. 'Pure religion and un- 379,

"Once e,ery two weeks or oftener condition in Washington and aggra- a 'corking good time' is planned and vated ten-fold by the war-acondi- carried out by a most efficient re- tion that caused all the pessimists creational committee. These good to attempt to discourage even the times range from skating parties, starting of the class, has worked to sight-seeing trips by motor, and our advantage in that the 500 or launch rides on the river and canal, more girls who have left are carry- to picnics, house parties at nearby ing the seeds of the class spirit and camps, and the time-honored recep- sowing them in their home churches. tion and tea. vVe aim to care for 'Junior Bun'all Classes' are being every variety of taste and for every formed in many places. interest. Class organizations now in- clude a ukelele club, a guitar club, "Ve are great helievers in tithing. choral club, basket ball team, two 'e startcd with three girls who gave gym' classes, hiker's club, and others. the tenth or more of their income to tIle Lord's work and now have over "The class first met in the commo- a hundred. TI~eir average salary is dious and well-equipped rooms of 0 er $100 a month. That means Calvary Baptist Sunday School. But $12,000 a year flowing into the home an attendance of 200 in one class and local churches. The class makes taxed the rooms to the limit. Just no attempt to receive or control the across the street from the church is gifts. Regular and special class ofthe large, handsomely appointed, well ferings are taken, however, and reventilated Rialto Moving Picture ceipts for last year were wel! over Theater. When Mr. Tom Moore, $6,000. although the membership a the owner and manager, was ap- year ago was only 200. Only about proached upon the subject of the use one-sixth of that amount goes for of the building for the class. he class expenses. Ve have bought an related how Rev. Samuel H. Greene, automohile (costing $1,200) for a the pastor of Calvary Church, had Methodist misssionary in Malaysia, befriended his mother and himself have given $3,000 to the Baptist throughout his fatherless,' struggling $175.000,000 campaign, and over $500 boyhood, and as an expression of his to city charities. Ve are paying the appreciation. tendered the' use of the passage and outfit of a missionary, theater absolutely free. are supporting a girl in training, etc., etc. "'fhe class joyously moved in and started on a campaign for a thousand "The Sunday morning service girls a Sunday, which is now well starts at 9 :30 with a pipe organ on the way to realization, and the recital. This is followed by choral class is talking of 1500 as the next and cOlllmunity singing, led by Mrs. goal. Our class motto is the third Gertrl1de Deland Price and her line of the little quatrain, ''fhe Song choms of 30 ,oices. Scripture readof the Panama Canal Builders': ing and prayer precede the lesson, which takes the form of a talk by 'Have you got any seas that they say arc the teacher on the International Les- 11l1crossable? son, alwavs with a practical and pres- ent day" application. It is a custom 'Ha,,-e yon got allY mountains they can't for the class to rise just hefore the tunnel through? lesson. when each girl shakes hands witly the fonr other girls nearest her, "vVe specialize on the wholly Impossible, learning the name anel state from Doing the things that no one can do.' yhich each comes.

'''Ve are great believers in the lure "As to organization. the class is of the so-called impossible. Anyone l":lther nnique. Early in the game we can fail on an easy task, h11t a divided vVashingtol1 into twelve disgigantic one enlists the imagination tricts with a captain and lientenants and helps to carry one 'm'cr the top.' Thu5 our great handicap, namely the shifting of population, normally a

BEST METHODS

in charge. of the members living in REVIEW that she may distribute them among the members of her class and so each district. give them the information they need in "Each group is organized into a the World Wide program of the Church.

Bible and Mission Study Class, for we are training workers for all WHEN SUBPLVS AND SHORTAGE varieties of church activities. We MEET have seven volunteers for the foreign The Surplus of Half the World Would mission fields and support a student Supply the Shortage of the Other Half volunteer in a training school.

"The class has two efficient sec- A discarded church bell- lay rustretaries who keep an accurate roll ing and unused in an – old church of the class in duplicate by card tower in Cleveland, Ohio. Over in index system. Every Monday morn- Liberia, Africa, a missionary was , ing a list of the new girls is placed longing for a bell to call his people on the teacher's desk. A cordial let- to the services. ter of welcome, telling the name of A woman in Pennsylvania had her the captain and group to which she bicycle carried to the attic. Over in tbheelontgeas~haenrdthreequfoelsltoinwgintghaSt usnhdeaym,eeist Kobe, Japan, a weary little missionary sighed "Oh, if I only had ,a bicycle sent to each new girl. In addition to I could double my work." this each captain receives the list of "In a 'spring cleaning' in -a Virthe new girls for her. group. The ginia Sunday-school building large class is closely affiliated with the ~l­ quantities of picture cards and lesson vary Baptist Church, over 100 ~rls papers were dumped into the trash having joined by letter or confessIOn can. In a school in India a _t~acher of faith during the year. Many was longing for picture cards and. other girls have joined other denom- lesson papers, no matter wnat their inations. date. "The teacher makes it a point to . "Another calendarl" said a New learn every girl's name and home York business'man. "This is the state as soon as possible. A year forty-ninth one I've thrown into the ago, with ten new members a Sunday, waste basket." Out in Africa a misshe could usually name half of the sionary sat down at the typewriter ten on sight the second Sunday. to make a calendar because none was Now, with 30 or 40 a week and available. over a hundred a month, it takes That is why "The Department of about six repetitions for her to fix Surplus Material" came to be in ·the the name and face. The only limit World's Sunday School Association. she is willing to put upon the size of It has handled an even wider catathe class .is her ability to know each girl personally, so as to sympat~ize logue of wares than Sears, Roebuck with her joys and sorrows. All girls and Company-from a card punch to a church bell and from a picture card away from home need more than to a mule. anything else the .rig~t kind ?f vicarious mother -or big SIster, WIth noth- From all over the world thanks and petitions have come. A missioning sentimental in the relationship ary in the Philippines says tha;t onebut a frank, comradely friendship half of all the Sunday-school helps that asks no reservations, excuses, or used by them are furnished by this mental Sunday clothes to keep it department, and asks for more. alive. _ .., One of the most interesting pieces "There is an undreamed of power of work done by the department is in our girls throughout the country,- the sending out of Christmas packall that they ask is leadership." ages to about 1,200'- missionaries.

Note: Miss Burrall has just ordered Before people in America have had 200 copies of the March number of the their Thanksgiving dinners, the

Christmas packages are on their way schools and miss'ionary societies as to many' lands. Each packet con- well as individuals to utilize much material that would otherwise be tains two Daily Bible Reading Cal- stored. away, rendering no service to endars for the coming year, a War- any one.* ren celluloid Calendar, "The Gist of the.,Lesson" for the year then ending, LIVING POSTERS a song pamphlet, and two Easter musical services, with other enclos- It is one thing to state facts and ures that will help to make a happy quite another thing to cause an Christmas overseas; audience to really grasp the facts stated. Charts and posters help to To people who are throwing cal- visualize missionary facts. The livest endars in their waste baskets the posters of all that are being pre- enthusiastic thanks of a missionary sented are real living posters. in Liberia who received a calendar in a Christmas packet, are hard to Miss Mary C. Wiley has conducted understand. He wrote: "Most of a display of such living posters in a '. all we are thankful for' the Sunday- Presbyterian church in Winston- school Calendar for 1919, which has Salem, North Carolina. Each year just reached us from your Depart- the Mission Board of the Southern me11t. Ever since the year began, Presbyterian Church names some I have been intending to typewrite specific nUssion field to be presented – off a calendar (we can't get any out to the church on Children's Day. This year the field to be presented here!) because the mental effort of was Korea; counting back fro~ the last date you are sure of to find the day of the Much literature and many attrac- month you want to know is a nuis- tive posters were sent out. ance–but the work never got done. So apart from all its special and In order to make the posters really good features your Sunday-school live before the audience, the Winston- Calendar is a real boon and we thank Salem committee substituted real you." folks in costume on the platform, for the picture folks that were to be The picture post-cards which are hung on the wall. Every detail of thrown away or stored away in the posters was carefully worked out. America maybe of great service on the mission fields. A missionary One poster presented a Korean from the Philippine Islands tells how bending underneath a heavy load, he uses post-cards to carry Gospel labelled "A:ncestor Worship, Poverty, messages: "I am planning an organ- Ignorance, Disease and Sin." "Help ization of personal workers in Silli- take off Korea's load" plead this liv- man next year, and in connection ing poster. with the tracts we intend to get out in various dialects I want to get One after another the groups were picture post-cards on the backs of formed in tableaux. A reader who which the tracts are to be pasted. stood at one side gave the title and If you can emphasize picture post- stated facts about each poster. After cards in the literature coming our the last poster had been presented, way this year I shall appreciate it. she stepped forward and made an_ We, can never get enough picture earnest plea for helpers, adapting post -cards." the "Call for a Hundred Heralds" in Women Workers of the Orient. Every year organs, cameras, type- writers, violins, stereopticon slides, Results reported are a most in- dolls, toys, and .many other things are terested audience, members of school sent on their way with messages of who took part, really impressed with j~.' . facts and' conditions they pictured, Here is an opportunity for Sunday- • Write to the Superilltendent of the Surplus Material Depa.rtment, 216. Metropolitan. Tower. New York City. giving your denomination …. that he may put yoU fa te.uch with mission- aries of your own church' and the IljledB whlc4 you may suPPlY with your surplus matet'laT.

parents more definitely enlisted be- The third teacher presents the specific cause of the cooperation in preparation of costumes and studying facts, work their church is doing in that larger gifts which always follow intelligent interest. field. The pupils are given heavy Moving mottoes added another fea- card lap-boards and outline maps and ture to the program. Striking missionary mottoes were printed on crayons. They indicate the location large sheets of heavy card board and mounted on handles. A procession of each church with a red dot each of boys bore these mottoes aloft, each hospital with green and school~ with boy stopping in the middle of the platform to speak the words he blus:. carried. The long line of mottoes as the boys all faced front together made One day a boy who had seemed a very striking, silent address. indifferent held his green crayon "coMe INTO MY MISSIONARY PARLOR" impatiently in his hand. "When are This is the invitation that Mrs. Fred A. Victor of the Central Methodist we going to mark green?" he asked, Episcopal Sunday-school at Yonkers, gives to one class each Sunday. . when the lesson was nearly over.

Now the missionary parlor is only The map journey_ was almost coma bright corner of the social ha11 in the basement, curtained off and fur- pleted, and no hospital had yet been nished _and unfurnished each time it is used by the three wide-awake boys located. "Not until we reach .La who quickly transport – chairs, rugs, table, blackboard, maps, and other Pas," said the teacher. "You see furnishings as they are needed. we have just the beginning of one The Sunday-school is divided into four groups, (not including the Pri- hospital for all of South America mary Department and Men's Bible Class) , and each group is. invited in La Pas." A quick exclamation into the missionary parlor or mission study room, one Sunday in of surprise came from this boy's each month. On the first Sunday the little folks come, then the older lips, for. the need had become very scholars in order on successive Sundays. Instead of going into an or- real to hIm. – dinary mission study room, however, they go into China, Africa. or Japan, Many of. those little maps .are or some home mission field. taken home as the pupils are learning There are three teachers or leaders to make the journeys "ery real. to pray and work definitely to meet There are maps and pictures and charts, costumes and curios. the needs of the mission stati6ns they One teacher conducts the journey, have located. giving geography and history of the country studied and introducing the The same subject is presented for scholars to its people and its religions. four successive Sundays, the instrtic~ Then the second teacher tells what changes are taking place as the tion being graded to suit the adyancepeople· hear the Gospel, getting up~ to-date info,rmation from church pa- ment of pupils. pers, mfssion study bOOks and repOrts. FIVE THINGS THey DID Officers .of a Minnesota Sunday- school decided that their school must have an intelligent interest in the work of the Boards of the Church.

Here are five ways in which they brought it to pass: .

1. An attractive poster was always hang-. ing in the Sunday-school room, giving the names of the Boards of the church-,- Board of Home Mis~ions, Board 0.£ FQr- eign Missions, Freedmen's Board, etc., etc.

2. Five minutes (time strictly adhered. to), was given every Sunday during the opening exercises to the SundlW-schoQI Missionary Committee.

3. A live missionary committee selected material to be used and secured the five- minute speakers.· The~ were taken, as far as -J)Ossible, from the church member- ship and adult Bible classes. 4. The Sunday-schQol Missionary Com~ mittee apJ)Ortioned to the study -of eacJI Board a definite period of time,-am.onth or two months, as .seemed advisable. S. On the fir~t Sunday of the time appor~ tioned to any particular Board, that. Boord:

was. introduced to the Sunday-school its Quite a number of them became name clearly and distinctly emphasized, its purpose explained, its special field of work interested in the church and joined defined. On the following. Sundays, apportioned to it, definite concrete· examples the congregation. . of its work were given. (Particular care was always taken to connect the work The influence of that missionary's definitely with its special Board.) This offered opportunity. for fhe .greatest variety work in sympathetic Christian Amerand originality in ptesentation,-a map talk, a chalk talk, a character sketch, an im- icanization has spread to many cenpersonation in conume, etc. ters. The Roumanian people in This plan can be followed indefinitely, the Boards being taken America, following the need of trade up in rotation, for there is an in- conditions move from center to cenwill exhaustible. wealth of material. It result in a church membership ter. Many of the members of that informed and enlightened as to the Boards of the Church. class have gone to other places and MRS. Or.IVJ>R WIUIAMSON. reached other groups with their in- INSIDlll INFORMATION fluence.

"Fourteea years was I in Amer- IF THE MOUNTAIN WILL N()T. COME ica," said a man who carne· from another land, "before I saw an TO MAHOMET-WHAT THEN? American home from the inside." Down in Virginia Miss Irene There is pathos in plenty in the Haislip, a newly-made secretary of groups of those from many lands literature. prepared a display of litwho never see "inside." A young erature for the monthly meeting of woman missionary recently had as- the Woman's Auxiliary. She gazed signed to hera large group of at her table with admiration. All that was latest and best, all drat WlJS Roumanians in a. Middle West city. brightest and most attractive she had, just ready for the eager mem- Among other opportunities which bers who would seize upon her upcame to her was a class of young to-date supplies with keen delight· as Roumanian men who were eager to they went ill and as they came out. learn the English language. Some Now the meeting· was over! The were members of the Mission. Others members had departed to their varwere friends. All faced· the diffi- ious places of residence,o and her litculty of trying to live and achieve erature display remained intact. Not success in business in a land whose one woman had taken a Single leaflet. language was foreign to them and Even the ones to whom she had whose customs were strange and offered them had waved ber off perplexing. With quick understand- saying, "Too busy, can't get time to ing their young teacher saw their read what I have itow." yearning eyes turned to the closed dOOrs and windows of American She gathered up her scorned stock and began to plan something more homes. / than a display. She bought a rub- . "Won't you come in ?" she said ber stamp–"DQ not destroy. It costs occasionally to small groups. money. Read and P(JSs" on," and stamped every leaflet. Free litera- At the dinner table she tactfully ture impresses some people as valuefamiliarized them with the use of less literature. Women like things various articles pn the table. In her they realize "cost money." bome she· explained the social customs of America in just the way she Then· when she was all ready to begin new plans for circulating litwould have liked them·· to explain to erature, influenza arrived and the Board of Health ordered a closed her the customs of their land had- she town. At first the literature secrebeen. the. guest. and ther. the bosts. . tary was dismayed over the prospect of no meeting at Which. to try out her new plans. . Then she saw oppor- tunity. _. Instead of closing Out 'her

BEST METHODS .385

stock she ordered more. She wrote the door of each home and from his to her four Boards and to the Amer- buggy he would give a word of greet- ican Bihle Society for leaflets on ing and clIeer. The ooy would then their work. They sent their choicest hand in a package "For Sunday and hest. She made two hundred Reading" and they would proceed on and~ fifty packages on each subject, their journey. .

with twelve or more leaflets to each That was not the end of the plan.

package. The secretary wrote to a friend in a On Friday and Saturday she drop- distant city, which had a population ped a package in the mail box of of about 200,000, and told her what every home she could reach in her she was doing. The friend's church denomination. When the "closed was not. closed, but there was much Sunday" arrived and the multitudes influenza among the members and of church goers found themselves the work of the church was greatly shut out from churches, they opened curtailed. She immediately secured the packages of literature that had literature for her congregation, called come to them "For Sunday Reading." together Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts The duration of the epidemic on Saturdays, and all the automobiles suited itself perfectly to the organ- she could press into service, ami had i7ation of her. denomination. For the chi]r)ren ride around the city, five weeks the churches were closed, disti-ib",~ting the leaflets. Before they so the first Sunday was Foreign woul!.! start on a trip she would tell Missions, second, Home Missiono. the boys and girls what they had third, Christian EJuc~tion, fourth, to <Ieliver and tell them a beautiful Sunday School Extension andtifth. ~~ory about the "Cause" the literature Bible Society.. After the first SUIl- represented. day there was an eager looki~g for- The· secretary of literature who ward to what would come next. started the plan was greafly enriched A minhter who was a cripple hearJ in her OWll. spiritual life through this of what this girl was doing and simple service, and after that she·had asked her if she had any extra pack- no difficulty getting rid of the litera- ages that he could use. His church ture on her table at the Auxiliary was a short distance away and there meetings, for the 'women 'asked"for were only twenty-one families in it. .it and. read it eagerly.

Packages were given him. With a "That was work?" . Yes, it was boy to help him, he .started .out in a work, but work that was tremen- buggy to distribute the leaflets. He dously' worth while.

would have the boy call some one to "

If the world is ever to be saved it must be saved through its childhood.-F. B.Meyer.

* * * ' I f we can win one generation we have put the devil', out of business.-D. L. Moody. . , * .. * What you would have appear in the life of a nation you .must first 'put in the 'school room.-.:…John R. Mott.

* * * I did not understand the· secret of America's greatness until· I went into her churches and S*un~day.-.schools.-DeTocqueviUIl. TheSunday~School -is the most significant, most fruitful. and : moSt permanent work of the Church.-c-Bishop W. F. McDowell.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK CITY Council of Women for Home Missions President-Mrs. Fn!d S. Bennett, 149 Dwight Place, Englewood, N. J. (Presbyterian, U. S. A.) Vicc-President-at-Large-Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff, Allendale, N. J. (Methodi~). E"'cclttive Secretary-Miss Florence- E. Qninlan, 156 Fifth Ave., New York (Pres- byterian, U. S. A.). Recordi!lg Secretary-Mr~. Philip M. Rossman, 203 West 85th St., New York, (Lutheran) . Corresponding Secretary-Mrs. F. W. Wilcox, 287 Fourth Ave., New York (Con- gregational) . Treasurer-Mrs. Orrin R Judd, 22 Hart St., Brooklyn, N. Y. (Baptist). Vice-Presidents-Mrs. Ida W. Harrison (Disciples of Christ), Mrs. AthelIa M. Howsare – (Christian Church), Mrs. E. M. Spreng (Evangelical Association), Miss Florence A Cawl (Friends), Mr~. J. W. Downs (Methodist, South), Mrs. W. C. Wins- borough (Presbyterian, U. S.), Mrs. J. A. Macdonald (Presbyterian, Canada), Mrs. Taber Knox (Reformed, America), Mrs. E. W. Lentz (Reformed, U. S.), Mrs. Albert Keister (United Brethren), Mrs. W. J. Gmhler (United Evangelical), Mrs. Wm. S. Cook (United Presbyterian). Members-at-large-Mrs. George W. Coleman (Baptist), Mrs. Charles L. Fry -(Lutheran).

Chairmen of Standing Committees Study Courses and Literature-Mrs. John S. Allen (Reformed America). Schoo/sof Missions-Mrs. Luke G. Johnson (Methodist, South). Schools, Col/eges and Young People's Conferences-Miss Carrie Barge (Methodist). Women's Church and Missionary Federations-Mrs. Frank M.Goodchiid (Baptist).

Joint Standing Committees with Home Missions Council Home Mission Committee of Review-Charles· L. Thompson, D. D. (Presbyterian, U.S.A.). AlasK:i.':"-Paul de Schweinitz, D. D. (Moravian). Church Building-Joseph S. Wise (Reformed, U. S.). Cities-William P. Shriver,D. D. (Presbyterian, U. S. A). Comity and Cooperation-Lemuel Call Barnes, D. D. (Baptist). Community and Indu~trial Relations-John McDowell, D. D. (Presbyterian, U. S. A.). Indian Missions-Rodney W. Roundy (Congregational). Migrant Groups-H. Paul Douglass, D. D. (Congregational). Negro Americans-George R. Hovey, D. D. (Baptist). New Americans-Mrs. D. F. Waid (Presbyterian, U. S. A). Orientals and Hawaiians-George L. Cady, D. D. (Congregational). Plans and Policies for Hebrews-John A. Marquis, D. D. (Presbyterian, U. S. A). Publicity-Ralph Welles Keeler, D. D. (Methodist». Recruiting the Home Mission Force-Charles E. Burton, D. D. (Congregational) . . Spanish-Speaking Peoples in the U. S.-,–Mrs. J. W. Downs (Methodist, South), Town and Country-Paul L. Vogt, Ph. D. (Methodist). West Indies-Charles L. Thompson, D. D. (Presbyterian, U. S. A.).

THE CHURCH AND THE COMMUNITY and death march on to new victories quite as triumphant as those of shell, Three Study Books trench and guns. Everyone is pre- scribing. A League of Nations, a' By EDITH H. ALLEN. new credit system, production for Chairman, Committee on Study service versus profit, cooperative in- dividualism, nationalization of in- Courses and Literature dustries, internationalization of labor Diagnosing has become the ab- are some of the many panaceas adsorption of the hour. Under the vanced; bf just what definite ingreprevailing world war of ideas eco- dients compounded, their .advocates nomic, social and governmerifal, .men are not always prepared to state. and nations suffer while human misery, pain, hunger, disease, anguish 386 Meanwhile the cure halts and the Ralph A. Felton, through pen picmalady increases. tures and concrete illustration makes visible the Church actually at work Amid all the crash of conflict it in the community. It brings the is .heartening to perceive at least a Church to the fireside, the hearthsmall safety zone, a bit of sure foot- stone, and wherever little children ing upon which to begin at once to g!lther; Through its pages one sees~ build a little of the new soul and again the ministering Christ passing body of the better order that is to along sunny, dusty roadways, pausbe. It is the realization of the iden- ing in villages, teaching, healing, and tity of the human needs and aspira- radiating new hope for all who toil tions.. And the place for each to and aspire. The six chapters are as build is over against his own house, follows: The Church a-Neighboring, in his own community-the com- Home-Making a Christian Calling, munity which is the fulcrum, the The New Health Crusade, Education larger family, the unit out of which through Play:, Community Civics,. the whole, the nation, becomes. It Some Successful Churches. (Price may not be diseased in body or soul postpaid: cloth, 75 cents; paper, 50 without danger to the whole. Here cents.) sullen social resentments, alien racial consciousness, untaught and over- The third book, "Mr. Friend-o'- worked childhood and womanhood Man of the City of 1s-To-Be" for may not exist, any more than typhus or influenza, without spreading con- Juniors, is written by Jay T. Stocktagion and disintegration. ing, D.D., author of many books of delight for the young folks. In this What place· has the Protestant book Dr. Stocking gathers the chil- Christian Church in promoting the dren about him and together they whole life program and interests of follow the Wise and Wonder Man the community? This vital question through many interesting. encounters is the theme of the three new horne mission study books for 1920-21, is- and adventures, and when the stories 'Sued jointly by the Council of are told and the book closed .the Women for Horne Missions and the child has found new friends.in chilformer Missionary Education Move- dren ·of other races and colors, and ment which· is now the Missionary Education Department of the Inter- a new glow withih, the burning on church World Movement of North his heartcaltar of that light which_ America. reveals the beauty of goodness and the worth of service. (Price post- The leading book of the series, paid: boards, 60 cents; paper, 40 "The Church and the Community," cents.) is the work of Ralph E. Diffendorfer, director·of the Horne Mission Sur- For the presentation of these books vey Department of the Interchurch to groups of varied experience and capacity,-children, young people, 'iVorId Movement, and thus pecu- college students, women and men itt liarly fitted to give this subject church meetings, study classes,-supauthoritative and inspiring treatment. plemental material has been assem-' The chapter headings indicate the bled, and later dramatic arid steregeneral scope and character of the optican material will be added. The book,-Community Life, Economic helps include a set of devotional ex- Factors, Cooperation, Housing and ercises by Mrs. Jessie L. Scott to Homes, Complex Community Situa- give- a spiritual basis to the thinking tions, Community Leadership. (Price for each· chapter (15 cents) ,a: suppostpaid: cloth, 75 cents; paper, 50 plement containing suggestions for cents.) leaders of program meetings and The second book of the series, reading. circles by Mrs. Frederic S. "Serving the Neighborhood" by.Rev. Osgood· (ready in May, 15 cents), a supplement for leaders, of . dis-

cussion groups and lecture courses these schools have they yielded richer· returns than in the 1919 ser>sions. (to be·issued in September, 15 cents), Feeling the after-war strain, and a leader's manual for the junior book realizing that if the world is to be by Miss Cornelia Bedell (15 cents), a model city set of cut-outs to be taken for Christ every woman now colored, a picture sheet and picture enlisted in the service of the King stories. Orders should be sent 'to de- must come to be a "workman that needeth not to be ashamed," and nominational headquarters. that if the task is' really to be ac- complished in America every woman SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS not now' enlisted must be "called to the colors," these schools have bent By MRS. LUKE JOHNSON every energy to their task. As a Chairman, Committee on Schools of result, the registration was the largest in history, while plans are now being Missions made for still larger registrations and Council of Women for Home multiplied activities for the coming MissioM sessions. _I The Council of Women for Home I1issions-a federation of Woman's The meetings of the past year were nearly all characterized by an un- Home Mission Boards and Societies usually spiritual atmosphere. In adin the United States and Canada- dition to careful study of God's has many lines ,of service at the Word and of home and foreign disposal of its' constituent boards an'd mission textbooks, special emphasis agencies. Among these" none is was laid on the cultivation of the· mOievital than the, department in spiritual life through prayer circles, connection with Schools ,of Missions. quiet hqurs, the Morning Watch, ves- The affiliated schools' now number per services, and addresses on. spiritthirteen. The chairmen and the ualthemes. dates cif their 1920 sessions are: Schools of Missions are now yield- BAY Vn;;w, Mich., July 11-l6-Miss ing rich returns in establishing women and girls in Christian prin- Carrie Barge, Delaware, Ohio. ciples and activities. There is no BOULDER, Colo., Dates not received- riper field for recruiting for home' mission work and for securing a' Mrs. Harry Hoffman, 214 Vine St.,. Den- ver, Col. DALLAS, Tex., Sept. 2O-26-Mrs. L. P. Smith, 3319 Drexel Drive, R. F. D. 10, Box 246, Dallas, Tex.

Dil LAND, Fla., Feb. 1-8-Mrs. J. W'! Smock, 212 N. Blvd., Deland, Fla. wide-spread study of mission text- EAST NORTHFIELD, Mass" July' 16-23-. books and literature. They also fur- Mrs. Taber Knox, Warwick, N. Y. nish normal training for missionary leaders and other church workers. Los ANGELES, Calif., May 31-June 5- Indeed, a School of Missions is one Mrs. E. Y. Van Meter, 4972 Pasadena of the most fruitful avenues for missionary propaganda now available Ave,> Los Angeles, Calif. MINNESOTA, May 31-June 5-Mrs. W. U. an among the Christian organizations for Smith, 1044 Marshall Ave., St. Paul, Minn. women. As well .as furnishing opportunity for the study of _God's MOUNT HERMON, Calif., July 13-20- Mrs. J. C. Alter, 21 Mountain Ave., Oakland, Calif.

MOUNTAIN LAKE PARK, Md., August 1-7 -Mi~s. Susan C. Lodge,1720 ArchSt., Philadelphia, P a . ' , Word and of missionary literature, OKLAHOMA CITY, Okla., May 31-June it furnishes information, inspiration; 5~Mrs, H. L~ Gilliam, 2244 West 13th training in methods of work, and St., Oklahoma City, Okla. nonnal training for leaders.

ST.PE'l'ERSBURG, Fla., January 23- WILSON COLLEGE, Chambersburg, Pa., June 29-July 7-'-Miss Mary C. Peacock, The tremendous .possibilitiesof TorresdaJe, Pa. these annual sessions as, an un- equalled opportunity for Christian cul- WINONA LAKE, Ind., June 24-July 1- tivation and development .is, so ap-'

Mrs. C. E. Vickers, 312 N. Elmwood Ave., Oak Park, Ill. .., parent that the' Cpuncil of> W!)lUen Perhaps never in the history' of is striving to be of service' in' aSsist-

WOMAN'S~ H-OM~.- , M I: S S I O N B U" L" r..E T I N

, , (.' (,' "

i!1g schools to reach a high-;water inclined ,to adopt, pr even to become ac- ql.J.airited with, the neW cus.toms, t'flar,kof efficiency. Xhe Council is l1rgin~ sChools" which "are affiliated The women of the church ,should "" 1. Have 'a well-planned s:yst~ of "CaIIawipthoinItt'toof join in an effort to reach in~ uPo!lthe foreig.fi women: 'in their_ own standardi:,;ation by which neighborhoods and In the ,neighborhoOd of ~very ,School shall 'attain certain the church, ,: ,.", ' , 2: Help," the foreign :woinen learn'how syst~m,atic lines of work. to, use American utensils, American foods, We believe that there is no other and 'become accustomed to American type of work more unique in methods ways. , ", 3., Teach them the English. language, or more fruitful in results. There- ,4. Show them how to care for Children f6re it is to ~ desired tl;Jai: the num- and family under American' conditions.'

~er of s<;hoots may increas,e, and that 5, Explain some of the laws and cus- people in all seCtions ofollr na,tive toms affecting their children, es}lecially with reference to school and work. land •may have access to this oppor- 5, Be frien<;lly and moth,erly to, domestic tunity for train'jng in lines of Chris- servants- and thoughtful of their welfare, tian service and knowledge. To this and, through them reach out sympathetiend we invite correspondence from cally into, their homes, or into the circle any section or from any interde- of their acquaintances. Sunday' in many nominational group of w9men who homes is a day of entertainment, and ser- vants' are' allowed scant, if any, oppordesire to establish a school in affilia- tunity for church or' for rest. '

tion with the Council of Women, in 7. Deal kindly with trades~people who order that each may be helpful to the are foreigners, other. The Young PeGple's Soci('lttes * * * "The change of date for the session at Winona In addition to their share in the Sunday. school, and in other forms of church Lake should' be espe<llally noted. A1IIlIation of the St. Petersburg School has services. which reach foreigners, the young people can particularly do these things: not yet been OQIIlpleted, as' the Executive Committee of the Council of Women for 'Ho",e l. Report upon new groups-, new fami- MIssion.. has n"t met sInce the credentials were receiVed., For the benellt of OUr readers lies, and even individuals, who come irito It 19, however,lncluded In the nat before the neighborhood, completion of 01llclal action. 2. Teach some foreigners the English language, ,either in, groups, .or singly, by AlV AMERICANIZATION' PROGRAM day or in the evening. '

FOR THE WOMEN Ot' THE 3. Help foreigners celebrate some of their' own festival days, and help them CHURCH to understand and celebrate our national The Spirit holidays, This spirit is more than toleration. 4. In some cases help promote a pageant, FQreigners must not be thou~ht of contemptuously, or even with mdifference. either to reproduce .gome scenes dear to In almost every instance some ,of, their the foreigners, which will make them countrymen have contributed to America and to all the world the hlrgest meat'Ure better unders.tood by Americans" or to of genius in art, literature, inventiveness, present some ·historical 'scen,es, which help exploration and leadership, ,and some of these foreigners, now about us, who, seem them better to understand America ana strange, and because of their strangeness, the American s.pirit. uncouth, have still quite as much to give The following methods, additional to to, us, as we have to ,give to them. The expectation of learning from the foreigner those already suggested, should be emimparts zest to the' effort of explaining to pleyed where possible: ' him things which he should know, '1. Foreigners are strangers to the law. There must be in the churches the They are liable to get -into trouble, and Christian spirit' of interest in foreigners and willingness to minister to them. are liable to be imposed upon',' The church should have a place and a time for giVing legal advice' and legal help, either through some lawyer or other com- petent person, who mayor may not be one of its members: Methods 2. The foreigners are apt to live in Unsanitary, crowded quarters, They need Because foreign women remain at home a visitin~ nurse, or a friendly: visitor, or in most instances, they are the most tena- a physiCian, not only in time of sickness, cious of old-world customs, and the leas.t but at other times, to prevent disease, From a,Pamphlet published bytht! Home '3. Church members should take pains Mlaslons 'Council and, the Council nf Women to· invite foreigners to their homes for HOme. Missions, 20 cents at denomtnational headqtla.rteni. socially for the sake of forming acquaillt-

ance and of promoting good fellowship. off to die, if need be, under the An opportunity to see tire interior of an' American home may be a means of grace Stars and Stripes, for deIll()Cracy. to the stranger. Our American homes have had no '4. The public school is one of the great- monopoly on service flag~neither' est Americaniiing agencies, perhaps the greatest in existence. The Church should did all the flags with gold stars upon cooperate with the public school. As a rule it is desirable for Christian parents them fly in districts where the to send their children to the public !'cllOol and not to a private school, or "select" American language is ,spoken and academy. The mingling of children of where American ideals of life maindifferent bloods and different homes is of inestimable value, to both the native tain. children. and the foreign children, in the process of Americanizing both. The men and women of foreign 5. The subject of recreation and amuse- birth, and those of American birth ment must not be forgotten. Playgrounds for children, community "sings" and folk- but foreign parentage, have made dancing, concerts, and sometimes lectures, or forUrils, and "talks," and the moving good with us in the terrible testing pictures" may be furnished by, or supervised by, 'or encouraged by, the Church. of the war. They deserve our grati- tude. They now have a right to demand that we should understand them, and that in a spirit of justice The Church must not be censorious, but we should come to them and give to them an opportunity of knowing must be sympathetic and helpful in, all of and' of understanding American these directions. ' ideals and principles, through broth- 6. The Church itself must make its erly intercourse and Christian fellowreligious faith manifest in its works. Men ship. want religion. They are often suspicious of its organized forms, fearing lest other '!'he fires of war have made plastic than purely disinterested motives- prevail. But a manifestation of hnman interest the hearts of all people in this great and of ChristNIU love and service will tend to draw foreigners into the Church land of ours. Understanding symitself. A church which wins the foreigners <if its vicinity unto itself is worth pathy can now mold the foreign.;. many "missions," established for special purposes. speaking, but aspiring Americans of 7. The greatest thing in the world is our congested districts. We are con- Divine love shown inhuman interest and sympathetic service. fronted with a new and challenging 0ppoTtunity of rendering larger and more helpful service than ever before in bringing the teachings of Jesus The Goal and America into the lives of our The goal of Americanization methods is brothers and sisters of the tenement. 1. Acquaintance. For unless men become acquainted, they cannot coalesce. The day must come when every man 2. Goodwill. A patronizin~ manner and spirit are offensive. Goodwtll rests upon and woman, and every boy and girl mutual confidence and respect. 3. Cooperation. Fellow citizens must under the Stars and Stripes shalt share ideals, as far as possible, and combine, for the realization of their ideals. have a chance to live in a decent 4. The spirit of Christ must find expression in a!' large a degree as possible, home with uplifting surroundings, under whatsoever name it may be phrased. under the leadership of Jesus Christ.

THE STREET The street placed its hands on the life of a boy- The seething street-the soulless street- It stole all his portion of childish joy, A SONG OF THE LOWER WEST SIDE By Rev. A. Ray Petty The street.. The church did not see the boy as, he Pastor, Judson Memorial Church, passed- " New York City, The busy church-the bustling church- The war has given America a new respect for the peoples of other lands Did not see his face growing old too fast, who have made their homes with us. The church. Mothers who speak another tongue . kissed their sons goodbye, with an The Christ looked down from the ache in their hearts, and sent them heavens high- The risen Christ-the reigning Christ- And said,"For these least, I was glad to dieJ" The Christ.

LANDS

!~:: ~'iiiiifj MISCELLANEOUS subjects in each year. The Moody Bible Institute of Chicago is pow the Comprehensive Sunday School Program American representative of .the Moye- ment and supplies literature y,rithout . THE world need for Christian charge except for postage.

character building can be met, NORTH AMERICA according to Mr. Frank L. Brown, if the following program be put into Cosmopolltan Sunday Schools effect: . SUNDAY-SCHOOLS in which the 1. Fifty trained Sunday-school men lesson :is taught in sev.eral differ- at every national capital and area ent languages is a development of center, to push and apply American the present day aim to teach Amer- Sunday-school ideals as the .best icanization along with Christianity.. means of promoting a. better world. These schools open with the singing of patriotic hymns in English by all 2. Sunday School Normal Schools the nationalities, after which the as- at Tokyo, Seoul, Shanghai, Manila, sembly separates into different na- Cairo, Buenos Aires and Rio de tional groups' to receive. instruction Janeiro, to train an adequate native and r~cite the lesson in their own Sunday-school leadership for the en- tongues. The plan is in operation in larging work of the Sunday-school. many places in the United States and in Canada. 3. A world publicity campaign for character making in every nation through the influence of the Sunday- school and Christian education.

The Berean Band Decrease in Sunday School Attendance FIFTEEN years ago Mr. Char- ADECLINE of more than '10,000 . les J. G. Hensman of London, Sunday Schools with an approxi- mate loss of 3.500,000 pupils, is re- England, founded an international vealed in the first annual n:port of and interdenominational movement the Federal Council of Churches. to encourage the habit of memoriz- The situation is considered peculiar ing .Scripture, and named it The because of an increase of 5,350 . Berean Band Movewent. 'Graduallv church organizations and the addition the Movement spread over En~land of 580.366 members. and in America. Berean Bands are numerous in Great Britain with mem- A slight proportion of this loss is. bership running from six or more accounted for by the failure of some. to many hundreds. That of the Lutheran Synods to make a report. Metropolitan Tabernacle, London, has The total registration of Sunday- 800 members. The sole obligation of school pupils is given as 15,291,658. membership is to learn one Bible verse every week, with the st1g~es­ Ranch Sunday School tion that this be called to mind at least once every day until the first LYSITE, a typical sheep and wool Lord's day of the month following. center in Wyomin!!', has been fer- The membership fee is only five cents tile ground for the pioneer Sunday- annually and a List of Verses for school missionary. There is no over- the year is. fJ,mIish.ed w.itoout charge. lapping-, for a wide circle can be These are carefully chosen, with a <iescribed, with Lysite as a .. cent-er, definite subject each month and as in whkh no church service of any far as possible a completeness of kind is held.

A cousin of Theodore Roosevelt 391

assisted in', the organization of. the ruagr .5, by delegates representing new Sunday-school in: Lysite and the approximately 50' denominations after manager of 'the wool storehouse is a three '(fiiys"discussiOn. >T:he'new now, the superintendent., The railroad construction crew, the, section movement will be'iinder the guidance foreman and his helpers and the ranchmen compoSe three-fourths, of of the American Council or Organic the attendance. One sheep herder Union of Churches of Christ, a name drifted in, and confessed that he had officially selected by the delegates. not, attended. a .religious service in Mr. Henry W. Jessup was chosen president of .the Council. the past twentY7five years. The plan proyides that Christian A Husslte Society churches having the same faith in THE organization of an American as Christ. shall agree to associate them- Hussite Society was completed on Friday, January 9, 1920, by the selves in a body known the United , adoption of a constitution and elec- Churches of Christ in America, for tion of officers. This constitutes the the furtherance of the redemptive ,central or charter society,' what it work of Christ in the world. It is hoped hy the promoters will, be holds for "autonomy in purely de- followed by the founding of similar nominational affairs," with each organizations in other communities church retaining its statements, its throughout the. United States. form of worship and form of govern- ment. It provides for an executive The organization is upon llnes body or council, and a general coun- similar to the Waldensian and Hug- Cil 'in which constituent churches shall uenot Societies. The proposed con- stitution states that the aim of the be represented by an equal number organization shall be to promote such church, educational and philanthropic of ministers and laymen, women to work in Czecho-Slovakia as seems be included. advisable. The specific functions of the coun- The Presbyterian. cil are to harmonize and unify the work of the united churches: direct Wafting Lists consolidation of missionary activities, as well as of particular churches in THE two schools for Spanish- over-churched areas. by uniting American children of the Presby- boards or churches of any two or terian Home Mission Board at Santa "more denominations or otherwise. Fe, N. M., have long waiting- lists, Another duty of the council will be to undertake inspirational and educa- Miss Buxton, principal of Aliison- tional leadership of such sort ,or measure as may be decided upon by James boarding school for girls, the constituent churches from time to time in the fields of evangelism, hopes soon to establish a complete social service, religious education and the like. high school course and eventually "Dry" Forces Unite '. a colleg-e course. The graduates of Menaul boarding school for boys and WITH the exception of the Anti- Saloon League all the temperthe Allison-James school are eagerly ance and prohibition forces of Amersought as teachers in the public ica have merged into the recently formed American section of the World schools of New Mexico. In addition Prohibition Federation; Beginning to function at once, this new organizato these schools nine others are main- tion will be an active agency for enforcing the Eighteenth Amendment tained by the Board in neighbo~ing in the United States and in .the fight against alcohol in 9tber iands. plazas. The Continent.

Organic Church Union A PLAN for organic union of Protestant churches in America was adopted in Phiiadelphia,Feb-

NItWSFRO}.i MANY'I.ANDS

Included. in ,the merger are the "I had my.own ideas, but being his temperance agenCies of all the lead- guest said I didn't know aild asked: ing church :communions and the Pro- 'Mr. President, what do you think hibition Party, the Good Templars, is the reason?' He replied:' 'Mr. Sons of Temperance, United SoCiety Babson, South America was settled of Christian' Endeavor, National Temperance .society and the' Commission by Spaniards seeking gold… North on Temperance of the Federal Coun.. cil of Churches of Christ in America. America was settled by the Pilgrim The federation is the outgrowth of fathers who went to your land to the International Congress on Alco- seek God.''' holism. Dr, Charles Scanlon of Pittsburgh represented the United States Brazilian Sunday Schools at the congresses in London, Milan and The Hague. The next Inter- MANAUS, on the upper Amazon, national Congress will meet in Wash- Brazil, has a wide-awake Sundayington, D. C., September 21-25, 1920. school one thousand miles from the It is expected that forty-one coun- nearest church. Whole states in tries will,be represented. Brazil have only one church or Sun- day-school, and these are all limited Change in Jerry McAuley Mission in attendance by the inadequate size of their houses. One Baptist Sun- THE directors of historic Jerry day-school iIi a suburb of Pernam- McAuley Mission, 316 Water buco has organized a "House De- Street, New York, deCided to aban- partment," which is in reality a series don their work of reforming "bums," of branch Sunday-schools. About because the effect of prohibition has twenty teachers assemble groups of been to reduce the number of those neighbors in their homes at two for whom the mission was founded. in the afternoon, and teach over But this decision has been recon- 250 persons, as many as the number sidered, and work will go on among in the parent school. the people who live in that part of the city. an almost churchless neigh- MOSLEM LANDS borhood. Many are families of the men who have been regenerated Opposition in Jerusalem through the Water Street Mission. 1t is now planned to enlarge the MISS A. VAN SOMMER, memscope of the work until it is made ber of the Executive Committee practically a community center. and one of the founders of the Nile. LATIN AMERICA Mission Press, writes from Jerusalem An Important DUlerenee of their successful work in distrib- ROGER BABSON, the statistiCian, relates the following incident to uting Gospels among Moslems, A prove the importance of religion in business life. printing department is in operation, "A short time ago I was in South but a need is fethltefoJerwsusitoabf lePaHleeshtrineew. America, the guest of the President literature for of the Argentine Republic. One day he 'broke a long silence by saying: Their leaders have issued an' order 'Mr. Babson, can you tell. me why if is that South America. with so much that not so much as a handkerchief greater rtatural advantages and having been settled before North Amer- may be carried on the Sabbath, and ica, is so backward compared with your country?' dire penalties are called down upon any who go near a Christian mission- ary, .one being the threat that. they shall not be buried at Jerusalem if they disregard this order, Egyptian Church Paper THE Huda (Guide) is a Church paper issued by the nat~ve United Presbyterian ChJ,lrch in Egypt,and is full of excellent reading matter. It gives hearty support to Egyptian pas-

tors and leaders in upholding the INDIA' ideals they are seeking to promote. Preparations for a vigorous evange- Sunday Schools in Syrian Church li9tic, campaign included a series of articles upon such subjects as "Deep- AN ASSOCIATION known as the ening of Spiritual Life," "Soul Win- "Mar Thoma Syrian Sunday ning" and "Personal Work." These School Samaj" has for its work the topics were treated in a way which development of Sunday-school in- kindled a lively interest· in the cam- struction in the historic church founded by the Apostle Thomas in paign. Dr. J. Krudenier is editor. the first century of the Christian Era. 'fHE Ciommnnlty N1U'SIll'Ies For Sunday-school purposes the area people of the Egyptian Sudan of the Church is divided into twenty- have advanced a step farther than one circles, each comprising an aver- America in the community idea. age of eight congregations. An in- Nurseries, in which all children of the tribe are raised, are in vogue spector for each circuit visits the among the Shilluks of that regio~. schools in his division, gives model Shi1luk~children are taken from theIr lessons, holds meetings for teachers mothers when mere babes. At an and also addresses the parents. early age, girl children are installed in a common house, while the boys The Samaj began with a course of must live together in sheep and five years whicl1 was raised to six cow barns. and again to seven·years. The COurse now covers thirteen years' study. Work Resumed at Marsovan 'I'raining in missionary giving is em- ANATOLIA College is again open phasized. In some schools the chil- as are Anatolia Hospital and dren bring handfuls of rice; in others Anatolia Girls' School. The latter was never entirely closed during the boys grow bananas or cereals, the war, although it was forced to while the girls sew or raise fowls in move outside American premises~ The order to secure their contribution to- premises were recovered in the spring of 1919, but the work of restora- ward the foreign mission work of tion was exceedingly difficult, because the Church. of the scarcity of both materials and workmen. The college is now in The following figures indicate the session, however, with an attendance nUUlerical growth of the Sunday of 150 students, and step by step School Movement from 1905 to difficulties are being overcome. 1918: The Girls' School also has an Number of Schools . . . . 86 167 190 .attendance of 150,· or more. There .. Teachers .•. 258 740 1520 are also nearly 300 orphans, about equally divided between Armenians " Scholars …. 3800 7832 14215 and Greeks, cared for on the prem- . ises under Relief auspices. Beside t New Leper Asylum these' some Christian girls rescued from Moslem homes have certain ANEW leper asylum was opened lessons. A group of nearly 40 work- ing boys attend an evening school. at Cuttack, Orissa province; – in In addition there are more than·6OQ November last. The institution COvers .young persons. now under. instruc- forty-one acres' and, has an abun- tion in.the American premises at dance of pure water. The buildings Marsovan, almost as large an, attend- are of brick, with tiled roofs and ance as· at any time before the war. cement floors. The men's wards ac- commodate 150 patients, and women's wards in another compound provide for 80 lepers. Two observation . wards will care for 20 incipient Cases and in addition there are· hospitals for men and _women, a dispensary, an ·insane. ward, a shop and splendid quarters for the asylum staff. ' .

For the 6,500 lepers in the Orissa district, there have been only two

1920J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

small asylums, one at Puri and one Siang, proves how undying is the at Sam!>aJ.pur. "seed of the Word." As a YQI.mg Scudder Memorial Hospital lad, Ai Siang heard of the Gospel through Dr. McGilvary, but not long 'T'EN years ~ the descendants of afterward the French government barred all Protestant missionary work .1 Dr. John Scudder planned for a hospital in India to his memory. from Kamoo territory. The last at- As a result, there is now $18,000 in tempt of Christian missionaries to hand, and the British Government in reach there was made in 1904, India will add an equal amount. Two and was not successful. Many desirable pieces of property have been Kamoos have remained Christian at purchased at Ranipet, and on De- heart, giving each other encourage~ cember 11, 1919, the cornerstone of ment as opportunity offered, and Ai the new hospital was laid, with ap- Siang has become their leader. His propriate ceremony and feasting, the trips to Siam have added to his latter so necessary to the Indian idea Christian knowledge, and he is hop- of such functions. Mrs. John Scud- ing and praying that now that the der, who first sailed for India 59 war is over Christian missionaries years ago, laid the cornerstone. may be allowed to visit his people.

With his meager understanding of SIAM AND MALAYSIA the Bible, he has nevertheless held An Indnstrial Venture up the light of the Gospel, in the THE American Pre s by t erian midst of dark superstition. Church has an industrial plant at Lakawn, Siam, for tanning hides Mission Schools in Singapore G and manufacturing leather goods. OVERNMENT reports show that This work is the product of a mis- in Singapore out of every seven sionary with a vision, two tubs and boys learning English five are sent a few knives, supplemented by some to mission schools, compared with directions from an American firm. two to government schools. In the Not o?ly is leather made here, but case of girls the proportion is even from It come shoes, bags, harness, larger, five being educated in mission saddles, belts, etc. It was necessary schools to everyone girl in a govern- to put this work on a commercial ment school. Yet the yearly grant basis, . so the "Lampong Industrial to mission schools, is one-fifth the Company, Ltd., was formed, the amount allowed government. schools.

Presbyterian Mission retaining one- Would it not be a better policy on third interest in the company. The the part of the government to pay enterprise is entirely self-support- more regard to the wishes of the ing. Orders are not filled outside parents by so largely raising the of Siam because the local market government grants to mission schools absorbs all the output and clamors as to enable them to continue the for more. work?

The business is run according to The Mission Field.

Christian principles, and fashions not only good l~ather but good character. CIllNA lIfedical Coedncation olChlnese. Women A Kamoo. Lnmberjack SOMEWHAT startling innova~ A PEOPLE known as Kamoos of A animistic. belief are scattered over· in' the adoption of coeducation for tion has been instituted in China the mountains of Siam, .• Burma, medical students. This policy, re- French Indo-China and Southwestern cently' put in operation at Peking China. Migratory groups of Kamoo Union Medical College, may also be men work in the teak forests of . adopted .in thepropose.d. Shanghai northern Siam. Cne of these, Ai Medical School. The China ,Medical

BOard estimates that the actual cost • Ready' to AcCept· chrIStianity P ra- ~OTINGFU was martyr ground and per' family; even, for inexperiented . In the Boxer days .of 1900. physicians their assistants who day there is a mighj;y sweep towa1;d go out from America to teach in its the Christian Church,' and 2500 permedicaJ schools, is between $4000 sonS have asked to be enrolled as a~d $5000 a year gold. . This is an inquirers-so many that the native pastors are compeIied to hold them interesting contrast to the. amount back, and are accepting only the most promising citizens of villages paid to missionary families, which is and towns.

less than half this sum. The cost of maintaining the Peking Medical College is about $600,000 a year, although there are only seven in the lJandits Free Dr. Shelton entering class. The expense involved and the comparatively few THE State Department has re- Chinese women who have the neces- ceived word from Peking that sary preparation to undertake the Dr. A. L. Shelton, the medical misstudy of medicine led the China sionary of the Disciples, who was Medical Board to make no provision kidnapped by outlaws in Yunna,n at the outset for the medical educa- province, has been released.

tion of women. Dr. Shelton and his family were traveling with an escort of six police Since the reorganization of the and were within two days of their Peking Union Medical College the destination when the party was atconclusion has been reached that tacked by a notorious outlaw named coeducation it) medical schools in Yang Tin Fu, who carried Dr. China is feasible and consequently Shelton away into the hills, but althe trustees have decided to admit lowed Mrs. Shelton and the children women to the pre-medical school. to proceed on their way to Yunnan- Two women are also on the regular fu; scientific staff of the college, one as Every effort was made by General a biologist and the other as a chemist. Tang Chi Yo, the military governor Another will probably be appointed of Yunnan, to obtain the release of to the department of anatomy. Dr. Shelton without taking such The China Medical Board is also measures as would endanger Dr.

interested in the improvement of Shelton's life. The American mili- scientific courses in Ginling College, tary attache was sent by the Amer- Nanking, in Fukien Christian Uni- ican Legation at Peking to Yunnan-fu versity, in St. John's University, to assist in the efforts to obtain Shanghai and elsewhere. There is Dr. Shelton's release.

great need for trained physicians in China, especiaIly for women doc- Chair of Business Administration R tors because of the unwillingness of EALIZING that China's confi- dence in America's friendship Chinese women to consult men physicians. Such women as Dr. Mary has been somewhat impaired by the Stone and Dr. Li Bi Cu are clear treaty of Versailles, the students of evidence of the ability of Chinese Boston University plan to cement women to become excellent physi- friendly relations through educa- cians and surgeons. They should tional, rather than political agencies.

therefore have the opportunity. to The effort is to establish a Boston receive first rate medical training. . University chair of business admin- In order to provide this without istration in Nanking· University, obtaining large sums for new con- which was chosen as the starting stitutions, coeducation is. advocated point for this international coope!~­ by Roger S. preene, resident director tion because it was founded by a in.Ch.ina of the Chi.na Medical Board. graduate of Boston University: .It

is hoped that" the new department to work 'in cordial harmony with die of business administration will fill an established· Boards' of Missions. The urgent demand' fur trained leaders following is the budget 'for the first in China's industrial and economic five years of the work in Japan: .

development. The sum required is FIRST YEAR:"-Central Office -Fukuoka: Five Branch Of- $300,000, and the effort to secure fices _………..•…………$ 65,700 this amount is well under way. .

SECOND YEAR:-Central Of- fices,–Fukuoka and Osaka, JAPAN·CHOSEN Eight Branch Offices …•….$125,900 THIRD YEAR:-Central Of- Christian Workers' Training School fices, Fukuoka and Osaka, Eleven Branch Offices ……..$150,350 AT KARUI?AWA, Japan's famous FOURTH YEA R:-'Central mountain summer resort, a school Offices, Fukuako, Osaka, and is held each summer to give an in- Tokyo: Fourteen Branch Oftensive course in teacher-training to Christian workers. Plans are under fices ………….••……… $225,450 way for the program of the coming FIFTH YEAR :-Central Ofseason. Last summer there were 91 fices,-Fukuoka, .Osaka, and enrolled. In addition to a stiff study Tokyo: Eighteen Branch Ofcourse there were special features, fices …………………..•..$258,050 Total for five years '………. $825,450 such as two "GoodfeJlowship" meet- ings, a reception by the Sunday- Advice to Suicides A school committee, and two sunrise CHRISTIAN Japanese woman of Kobe, Mrs. Jo, maintains a prayer meetings. One of these was held on the top of Mt. Atago, and home for women who find them- the singing of "Holy, Holy Holy," selves in difficulty, victims of un- was heard by the people in the valley wise marriages, country girls alone in the city and others. She calls it the below.

Newspaper Evangellsm "Kobe Woman's Home of Sympathy."

Last year Mrs. J0 began to extend NEWSPAPER and correspondence her helpful service in a new direc- evangelism was begun in Oita, tion. Not far from Kobe is a sea- Japan, in 1912, under the direction of side resort which has attained no- Dr. Pieters of the Japan Mission of toriety from the large number of the Reformed Church in America. suicides which take place there. One In its present stage of development, hundred and seventy-nine were at- the method consists of securing space, tempted last year, the people coming at advertising rates, in the ~dinary from far and near. Mrs. J o's plan secular press; utilizing this to put the is to place large placards here and.

elementary truths and facts of the there in the town which read: "Wait, Christian religion before the reading would-be suicide! Come to me and public; soliciting further inquiry; fol- talk it over." Seven dispirited per- lowing up such inquiry by the dis- sons came within three weeks, and tribution of tracts, the lendin!'r of were turned aside from their purpose books, and by personal interviews; to destroy themselves. .

training the converts ,by correspond- ence study and. organizing such con· AFRICA verts into .groups that form the nu- Togoland Mandate E cleus for Christian Churches. NGLAND has become the manda- Foi' the purpose of interesting the tory Power. for about one-third American public in this work, the of what was the German Colony of ..

"Association for Newspaper Evange- Togoland, the· rest of the colony be- lism" was formed October 9, 1919, ing. joined to the French Colony of and is prepared' to carry on, an active Dahomey.. This new area, which wiU campaign. .It .is the earnest desire presumably fonn part of the diocese of those who . organized this society of Accra, includes the important

town and trading center of Yendi, been composed hy nativechrlstillns, '.

which lies on the principal route from and both Sunday and week dayservthe Gold –Coast to Nigeria, and is ices are crowded with eager listeners.

much frequented by Hausa traders. OBITUARY NOTE This presents an unusual opportunity for Christian missionaries to get into Mrs. George F. H~k or Turke» touch with the Hausas, by far the most important and influential race AFTER· spending over fifty years as a devoted missionary in Tur- key, Mrs. George F. Herrick, who in West Africa. The Mission Field. returned to America with her hus- band a few years ago,. passed away New Cathedral in Uganda at her home in New York on March 'J1HE new Cathedral at Kampala, 26. She was in her eighty-third J. Uganda, is probably the largest year. Mrs. Herrick was a noble Christian Church in Africa. At the representative of New England consecration services which took Christian character at its best. As place last September the vast build- a devoted wife and faithful helper ing was quickly filled, and the throng in all her husband's activities, she outside was estimated at 20,000. The made her home in Turkey a powersinging was led by a large surpliced ful object lesson to all who came into choir of African boys. The follow- it, showing just what a Christian ing Sunday 864 communicants sat home should be. The memory of … her beautiful character and loving down to the Lord's Supper. The First Christian missionaries deeds of kindness remains vividly went to Uganda in 1876. Since that impressed upon the minds and hearts time the number of Christian churches of all who have come in contact with in the Protectorate has grown from her. Many friends in America and Turkey will feel particularly deep one to 2000 ; communicants now sympathy with her aged husband, number 30,000 and baptized Chris- who is left without her companiontians 100,000. The network of ship during the remaining years of schools, all in Christian controlhas extended the· influence of the his life.

Church far beyond its numerical MISSIONARY PERSONALS strength. Uganda has a contribu- Rev. William J. Hutchins, profes- tion to give to the science of missions: sor of homiletics at Oberlin Theo- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC logical Seminary, 1ms been elected Revival on Nfas Island President of Berea College, Ken- tucky,' in place of Dr. William WTHEN' the fiftieth anniversary of Goodell Frost, who has recently re- W mission work on Nias Island . signed. . . (Dutch East Indies) was celebrated Mrs. William A. Shedd, who spent .in 1915 there were on the island nine years in Persia as a teacher and aeout 18;000 baptized Christians. In missionary, is now in the United two years the number had increased States. Mrs. Shedd led 70,000 Christo 30,000, and there has been noted tians out of Urumia,Persia, just a remarkable spiritual development, before the Turks entered the city in evidenced not so much by' numbers 1918.

as by the impulse to measure up Dr. Thomas F. Cummings, of the life . according to the plumb line Department of Phonetics in the Bible .

standard of Christianity. Stolen Teachers' Training School, New goods ha"e been returned; quarrels York, has gone to Africa under the amicably settled, genuine· repentance auspices. of the Interchurch World thus being proved. The sale of Bibles Movement to make a systematic .and .religious literature has increased. study of the linguistic problems of Hymns with original melpdies have the Dark Continent. -. Hebrew -Christian Publication Society, Inc.

RT. REV. CHARLES S. BURCH, D. D., L. H. D., REV. KENNETH MACKENZIE, , P r• •ld.nt~ Secretal'Y', Westport, Conn.

B. A. M. SCHAPIRO, Manatrine Direetor, WILLIAM W. McALPIN, Too.outer, 1I83 Bibl. House, N. Y. C. 983 Bible Houoe, N. Y. C.

AN OPEN LETTER Dear Friends:- The Ways and Means Committee of the Hebrew-Christian Publication Society seeks the.privilege of addressing you thh open letter: The times have ripened into a great possibility for the accomplishment of the work to which this Society is pledged. The great War has disclosed to Christianity the immense importance of the Jewish problem. Many ·Jews are more ready for the Gospel of our Lord and theirs, than ever since the tragedy of Calvary. They are read- ing our New Testament with open minds; they ere asking sober questions as to the Messiahship of our Christ. This Society possesses in the person of Mr. Benjamin A. M. Schapiro, one eminently qualilled to prepare the kind of literature of which they stand in need. His scholarship in the original tongue; his keen perception of the divine plan of redemption; his acumen for presenting truth directly and forcibly; his intensity of conviction carry his message into the hearts of atl who hear Him or read His writings. Our Society occupies the unique position of issuing literature adapted to the Judaic mind. without cost to those who wish to use it. We are very anxious to extend the work in every possible manner. To this end the Society has been incorporated. Any contribution wiD be gratefully acknowledged by the Treasurer of the Society and also will be reported in the next issue of "The People, the Land and the Book." Yours very truly, KENNETH MACKENZIE, AMBROSE S. MURRAY, JR., WILLIAM W. McALPIN, JAMES WOOD, Ways and Means Committee WHAT EMINENT CLERGYMEN SAY OF OUR TRACTS Robert D. Wilson, Ph. D .. D. D .• Professor of Semitic Languages and Old Testament Criticism at Princeton Theologlcal Semina.ry, who. writing to the Soclety about this tract, says: "1 have just read Mr. Schapiro'. tract on the 'Origin and Slgnl1lcance of Sacrifices.' I believe JESUS AND HIS KINSMEN It is one of the best treaties ever written on the (Second Edition, 50,000) subject. . "Hls Hebrew and Talmudical .texts are well Prof. Luther T. Townsend. D. D" S. T. D., translated and hls argument seems to me very M. V. I .. who has written the Introduction, says: convincing." .

"The follOwing essay by our friend, Mr. B. A.

The People, the Land and the Book, published Quarterly, pocket edition, 3*][6, contains 96 pages.

NO SAMPLE COPIES, as a limited edition is issued. You can, howeveT, secure It pamphlet "The Aim" of the Hebrew-Christian 'PubUcation Society, containing 28 pages, which will give you an excellent idea of the work of the Society.

HEBREW-CHlUSTIAN PUBLlCA.TION SOClE'rY, Inc.

983 BIBLE HOUSE, NEW YORK, N. Y.

The aim of thl. Soclety Is to reach with the Gospel of Christ the IntelJlgent JewB. Also to pubJlsh -and distribute, Bratuitouslv. Christian literature adlPted to the JudaiC mind.. '. I subscribe to the HEBREW-CHRISTIAN PUBLIOATION SOCIETY, the sum of.

Name-Mr., Mrs., Mi…. or Rev, ……… , .. , ………. : …………. , .: ……….. , …….. .-..

Address .. " •. , ………. ", ……. ,., •…•. City.. ; …………………… State………… ..

Not_Contrlbutor. to the work of tlie SOCtety'areentitled to' all publication., Inc1uiUna the .MIIJlaalne, "THE p,EOl'LE,. THE LAND AND. THE BOOK." . ' . .

aa;.YJtI= t!°~e~af:,~~t~ ~ot8b~ m~~~.Afutm:, ~rrg,:.'!t~I~ :~~!>taIn LOrd." (.Jeawr the Ohrlst) (St. Paul) Please me"tioll TIlB HtSSloRAIlY Rl!Vt.w 0. 'fllB WOR~D in .ritinc to ad.-ertisere

World's Sunday School

·HE TEDHNICAL guidance of the Sv.nday-school world T.. movement has been, by the mission and Sunday-school Boards, largely committed to the World's Sunday School Association in the Executive Committee on which these Boards have represen- tatives.

Right Hon. Thos. R. 'Ferens of Hull, England, a .leading 'British statesman and manufacturer, is the President of the Asso- ciation and Hon. John Wanamaker is the Chairman of the Executive , Committee, succeeding the late Henry J. Heinz.

Secretaries are representing this Association in Japan, Korea, China, the Philippines, India, Moslem fields, Europe and South America, some 12 secretaries in all, a totally inadequate force for so great a task and in the face of so great an opportunity.

The new program of the World's Association calls, for an increase in this secretarial force by some fifty trained workers, to man the great centers of China, South America, Europe, and other fields. These secretaries have developed the Sunday-school in a splendid way in every field. , 1. By promoting the production of a Sunday-school lesson lit- erature in the languages and dialects. This includes graded lesson literature in China and Japan and the adaptation of the uniform lessons to the needs of particular fields through wise illustration and the aid of native helpers.

2. A rich technical literature for the training and help of native Sunday-school iWorkers has been produced. This consists of a translation into the dialects of the best of American and English Sunday-school books, and the encouragement of native Sunday School material. The translations now number 162,—,say in Arabic 25, Spanish 16, Japanese 35, Chinese 35, Korean 11, Philip- pine dialects 20, Portuguese 20.

3. The introduction into Christian schools and theological seminaries of the Sunday-school courses to develop the native leadership and the suggestion of Sunday-school libraries for such institutions.

4. The promotion of Sunday-school institutes at city centers and summer schools for the training of a leadership. Notable illustrations of these can be found at Karuizawa, Japan and Kuling, China. Correspondence reading and itinerary courses are common by these secretaries.

5. The development of evangelism through the work of the Sunday-school teachers and the training in such service of the 'adults in organized Bible classes.

6. The raising of, the efficiency in Sunday-school organization through the standardizing of schools and the recognition of the attainment of· these standards. The gradual departmentalizing of the schools is going on in the larger centers.

z

ABINGDON RELIGIOUS EbUCATION

D…VID G. DOWNEY, Gen…1 Editor NORM…N E. RICHAIlDSON, …..ocl.t. Editor THE~~ELIGIOUS.MOTIVE IN AMEJUCAN EDUC~TIONI One. of ¢e greatest immediate, needs in American education. is that ~hers ~t"~etill¥>n come to have an intelligent appreciation of the aims and techniquc of' pitblic schQQ1..educa- tion and that public school teachers Jearn how to take into account the religious mOtives of their'pupifs..American fDemocracy cannot find a secure foundation in two separate and tnutually f;xclusiv~ systems of education. The church school teacher wh~ is ignorant, or antagonistic in his attitude toward the public school cannot make his full contribution to the welfare of the nation: The pablicschool teacher who ignores the religious motive' in the pupils ~ot:bring his work to its highest success. What is needed is that both have a vision of the common task, Several of the Abingdon Religious Education texts ~il be purposefully adapted to the needs of oUr secondary schools.

It is believed t!Uit this six-fold standard consistently maintained gives to the Abingdon Texts in Religious Education distinctness of character and suitability for use in the COM- MUNITY SCHOOLS OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION AND IN WEEK-DAY SCHOOLS OF RELIGION. .

COMMUNITY,' TRAINING, SCHOOL SERIES During the next decade American Communities In ever Increasing numbers will launch gyst8ms of NOJUIAN E. RICHARDBON, Bd/Im WEEK-D'"Y SCHOOLS OF RELIGION.

The rapid development of COMMUNITY The Abingdon Texts for WEEK-D'"Y SCHOOLS OF RELIGIOUS EDUC…TION h88 SCHOOLS OF RELIGION are being prepared made,neOOssaz.y the creation of a special series of by competent" writers who understand the partictexts. No such school can do Its best work with- ular needBof thls tYPe of school 'and who have out suitable text-books. TWa Is particularly true crea.tlve power In producIRg ,pupu:…text-booka., 01 achoolB that hate as their aim the training of teachers of reUgion. One of the most pOtent fac- Llst 01 titles on request. tors In meJdng the class-room hour a time of en- Ifghtenment and of inspiration is a commo!} ral- GARY LEAFLETS lying point of thlnklng on the part of both puplhJ and reachers-the Wlligned lesson in a trustworthy Lealon Cou,tHa for Week…Oa,. Religioua text. Instruction "OW TO TEACH RELICION a The work of WEEK-D"'Y RELIGIOUS EDU- Principles and Methods ~ C…TION is practically new Ileld. Whlle per- Btl GJI08QB HBltBl!IRT BATr8 manent texts are being prepared we recommend the use of the Gary LeatIets. In the arrange- Professor of ReIlgious Education, Northwe..tern ment of theseleBBons the llUrpose is to give help University. born of five years' experience In Gary and e1Be- where, in actually teaching the le380ns. The UmQ, eM page.. 'Cloth, Net 111.1115;' po.tage 10e. Gary school system is not essential to the plan. A church or community with any lluWic school Llst of other titles on reqnest~ system whatever can use these ,lessons -satis* factorily. WEEK-DAY SCHOOL SERIES GROUP I-YE…R I-Including children from QIOltGJl HmBBIIRT BIl'l"TS, C(M)perating Author Grades 1 and 2.

The next great forward step in American Edu- GROUP II~YEAR I'-Including children from cation is the establishment of WEEK-D"'Y Grades. a I'nd 4. SCHOOLS OF RELIGION. Already experiments have l;leeIi ma.de with marked "uccess in . GROYP III-YEAR ,I-;Including children Gary, Ind.; Toledo. 0.; Van Wert, 0.; Batavia, from Grades 5 and 6. 111.; New York City, and ma.ny other important centers. The movement has the active support GROUP IV-YEAR I -'Including children of the most progressive public school leaders. from Grades 7 and 8 of the public schools. The church school with its one short session a week, Is confessedly inadequate to the task. For further lnformaiion address THE ABINGDON PRESS," 1SO Fifth Avenue New York Please mention Till; MISS[ONARY RJ:vuw 01" 1'U WORLD in writing to- advertisers

Portable StereOpticon' $100.00

for Your ,Church The choice 01 thousands of clergymen Today's Housewife has helped churches all over the country (For use with or without electric ctUTent) to raise funds in a refined, dig- nified manner~ Far superior Thi. i. an era ·of· visualization to the usual, threadbare, tiring supper, sociable or bazaar. Visualize Not a cent of expense or risk; Religious and Edueational Studies Write today for deta~s, Church Aid Department, BY Today's·Housewife, rldor Standard FeatlaUweigid SI:de Sllhjects 100 MainSt. Our Slide Library contains over Cooper~townt New York 18,000 Subjects and progresses with the changing demand.

SpeCial Slides made from any Copy.

Catal~es and Trial Terms mailed upon request.

THE MANUFACTURERS VICTOR ANIMATOGRAPH COMPANY· (IneorpoTated) 216 Victor BId…. DAVENPOR~, IOWA ~oDtgommery VVard REA,D rHE NEW BOOK, & Company By.T. M. STANFIELD. .' Manufacturers and Elporters : .of General Merchandise CHRIST'S SECOND GOMING Have ratered to the requir~nt. of "This little brochure is a fine showing MissiollSriet in all partt of the world. for O'er 23 years. of the Post-Millennial view of the Second You are Invited Coming of our Lord. The author, by a {uD appeal to Scripture, demolishes the to write for a copy or OUf larre Catalog main positions. and riddles with grape-. of genemi Merchandise and our speclal shot the outworks of the Pre-Millennial advocates. Missionary Circular "For a brief. clear. sane and satisfac- We guarantee safe delivery anywhere tory treatment of the subject discussed.

MONTGOMERY WARD & COMPANY this compact hooklet is equal to the Mlaaionary Bu~u' best."- TA. CAr{,lian Inl.lligene.., CHICACO, ILL. PRICE 35 CENTS PUBLISHED AND SOLD BY J. M. STANFIELD Cleveland, Tennessee.

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XIII

Interchurch World Movement of NqrthAmerica .,.,.

SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENTS: ,- ~.~ THE CHURCH AND THE COMMUNITY, By Ralph E. Dilfendorfer.

A Study Book for the Ghurche.. . '., .,.

Since the Great War ended, many que.tlons have beeD. asked concerning the relatloD of the Church to the Community. New con.ditio.e and Dew. problems, calHni for ~::~:~itj:Dc80::!~:J~~~~~:r8!i:: "~:~:::ni~;8Li;!'~:'E'::::m¥!I!~:':8~'~ ,1'C:!~i;! ative Movements," "Homes and Houslbgl' and 4·CoDlfllunity Leaderahipa" Price, cloth, 75 cents; paper, 50 cents; postpaid. (Ready in April) THE NEAR EAST: CROSSROADS OF THE WORLD.

By William H. Hall, of the Syrian Protestant College, Beltut.

The story of the Near East up to date; Ua history, geography, re]{111on~ education, 'abd' .lplratloBs. The outatandlbll study book of the ye-ar oD~ecotl8truction problem.. ia Egypt, Syria, ASia Minor, and Persia. Dr• .lames L; Barton, of the Near East Relief, conttibutes a final chapter, analysln, the complex political and religious situaflon which I. of vital concern to America. Mapa and IUuatratlona. . Price, clotb, 75 cents; paper, 50 cents; p08tpald, (Ready. In ApdJ) .

FRANK HIGGINS: THE TRAIL BLAZER. By Rev. Thomas D. Whittles.

. The .ti~ng story of Frank Higgins, pioneer in Christian work 'am~ng the lumberjacks of the North. This book, wtitten by a frle~d of many years, abounds in' entertain- ina anecdote. Price, cloth, 75 cents; paper 5. cents; postpaid. {Ready in Aptil) A BETTER WORLD. By Tyler Dennett.

:t::fc:!' ~::I:::!:~n~rO~:lk8rtfu~~~:!i::itt~::~:::1~~!~i:~~"e p~:~~c::~:~~~~, h,:it~ view to interpreting, In this book, the meaniDg for the Missionary MovemeDt of t~e decisioDs there reacbed. A book for dilcusaion troups..- Price, cloth, $1.50;- p'aper, 75 cent.; postpaid. (Ready Now) . < Order from your Denominational Boord, or from the i ; ''::~l<' ;U'.':{t", -: . '" ~ '.,,1; , .

Interchurch World Movement ofNol'th America New Y~rk City 45 West 18th Street . SALES DEPARTMENT o .,; ,,2: LIFE ANNUITY BONDS _ of the BOARD OF FOREIG~ :MISSIONS land the BOARD OF HOME MISSIONS AND CHURCH EXTENSION of the METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH~are Safe In Secure a ane a tisfactory ubstantial ORDER tatement imple. TO end to Geo~e M. Fowles, Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City, or W. J. Elliott, Treasurer of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Please mention TH~ MISSIONARY R1£VIltW OF ,!H~ WORLD i~ wri~ing to advertisers

Your Ground. SUNDAY.SCHOOL LANTERN

AND MOTION l'ICTURES BY ERECTING DODSON BIRD HOUSES THE An interesting set of lantern slides has been prepared entitled "Sunday-schools in , 'King's Business" Many Lands." After &howing pictures of 1.( FOR ALL BIBLE LOVERS some of the business men of prominence I'

Livest Bible Study'Magazine in who are officers in ihe World's Sunday the Field for Home, Church, School Association the slides take the and Sunday School audience to Honolulu, Japan, Korea, China, Philippine Islands, Moslem lands, LIFE ~::li:~1s GROWTH Australia, Europe and South America. Sunday-school- work in these countries i~ This magazine has doubled its SUbscription vividly portrayed and efficient work i!' list and almost doubled again in 18 months. shown which is not equalled on the home fields. These pictures always stimulate to IT'S DIFFERENT b~tter work in ,the home land where con- ditions are much less difficult to over- In these days of hustle you want something right come. Convention pictures are shown in to the point. It must be true to the Word. It Manila, where 5,500 were present; in must be a real help to an understanding of the Tokyo of 12,500 and in Seoul of 15,000. Word. Well-here you have it. People Say The The attendance at the Buffalo Convention King's Business is the best value for the money of the International Sunday School, Asa.nd more to the point than any other similar sociation, represent;ng North America, N~~!!CtJ!t:::;'so.write for sample and see if you. was less than 3,000. Editoria.ls-Bij:>le Studies-Sunday School Las- Three reels of moving picture!' portray ~~lJ.!t ~~~~~rt RI'b~~"i"o~~ead- Sunday-school life and scenes giving de- lightful local color in Japan, Philippine Only $1.00 a Year. Foreign $1.24 Islands and Buenos Air~s. The one on Japan introduces to a day in the life of Club rate. to Sunday Schools Sayo-chan, " little Sunday-school girl, and it is fascinating to watch her place her Bible Institute of Los Angeles lesson impression for the day on the blackboard as she draws the eros!' above 540 S. Hope Stl'eet Lo. Angeles, California Mt. Fujiyama, the sacred mountain of Japan. In the Philippine reel numerous schools are shown including the barrios. The 5,500 delegates to that convention come in {)n a special train and march to the ball park. Native games are played for the camera and Rev. J. L. Mc- Laughlin, the Sunday-school Secretary, is seen as he itinerates by at~o and boat. The South American' reel portrays actual SundaY-&ehool work; classes are' seen in session.. parades are shown and afternoon tea is not omitted.

These slides and reels can be rented. A lecture' accompanies the slides. The reels are" fully -titled. Write to. the , Word's Sunday School Association, 216 Metropolitan -Tower, New York City.

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Map Why Not Learn

to teach _While Learning Showing-the What to Teach? Unevangelized Regions You can. You can have the expert help of OF THE WORLD ·a teacher of teachers, .on every .weelt's Sun- day School lesson, in learning a fundamentSl as exhibited at the Pastors' teaching principle, illustrated and applied in Conferences, suitable for use in teaching that very Jesson. Churches, Sunday Schools, Mission Rooms This unique le~n help appears every week Size 41×77 inches in The Sunday School Times .exclusively.

It is prepared by Prof. Charles Calvert Ellis, A. M., Ph. D., Vice-President and Professor of Education of Juniata College, at Hunting- don, Pa. '

Printed in three colors PRICES You will find your Bible study and teach- ing made easier and more in~resting as. yon On Paper (cash with order) $2.00 On Cloth (cash with order) 5.00 follow and use the sound "learning and teach- ing" principles in this easily used fonn by 6e whose lifework is !!ducation-but educa- tion in the service of Him whom he rejoices to mIl Saviour and Lord.

Stereopticon Every iaaue of the Sun.day School Time. con… tains thirteen other unique helps on the Int..– AND !'e-:e:n:!~~l:::ddt~~~~o~ft~~ao&i:!~e w~id~ I Motion Picture Machines graded for different aps,_ yet bindin.. the elltire home and echool'togClther in. Bible study. But a1l this Is ill only one department of FOR Thousands of readers take the paper for its Editorials and Open Letters, its masterly . Church, School articles on Archaeology, Missions, Ways of or Comr.nunity Ceqtera Worki?g; and its spiritual food anfl Victori- ous Life mess'.'ge,s.

We are prepared to furnish motion Remember also that Tlte· Sunday School picture machines or stereopticons Times and its writers believe anti. leach the for use in church, parish houSe or whole Bible as the. inspired, infallible Word school. . .. of God, and the shed blood of Jesus as the only but sure way of salvation. .

If interested, write for suggestions Our "Get-Acquaint~d" Off~r and information. We are in a position to advise as to the type of . 10 Weeks for 2S Cents equipment best suited for your needs. . The Sunda)" SchOol Timet CompanJ .74 1031 Walnut St.. Philadelphia, Pa.

INTERCHURCH WORLD For the 25 cents enclosed please send The MOVEMENT Sunday School Times for 10 weeks to OF NORTH AMERICA Name…………………………………..• SALES DEPARTMENT Address…………….•…… :………… , ..• 4SWeat 18thStreet, NEW YOIU{,N.Y.

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New Ferrum Traim.ng

Spring Bo'oks THE Virginia Conference of the The Hall With Doors-A Methodist Episcopal C h u r c h, South, and the Woman's Missionary Vocational Story Society of the same denomination By Louise S. Hasbrouck have united in building the Ferrum, Virginia, Training School for young Which door to life? College? Busi- people in the mountainous and rural ness? Social Work? Home? A sections of Virginia who are beyond group of normal fun-loving girls the reach of any school worthy of( form the V. V. Club to find out. the name. This school thus offers Did they open the right doors out an opportunity for Christian educa- of the Hall of Girlhood on to the tion to those who have few privileges way of achievement? This is a or none. No pupils are charged book for which mothers and more than $100 a year, including teachers have long Iceen waiting tuition, room and board, but the to put into the hands of their greater number pay no fees. All girls. Postpaid, $1.60. the work of the School is done by the students, and everything possible Tama-The Diary of a Japanese is done for the development of Christian character. School Girl During the summer months ex- By Florenc~ Wells tension schools in communities with- out any educational privileges have Tama as a book is unique. At resulted in the opening of several the same time it is op.e of. the branch schools. most delightfully amusing and human little stories ever pub- French Equatorial Africa lished. The quaint 'pidgin' Eng- lish in which it is written will A COMMITTEE from the Presby- cause gales of merriment when terian mission station of Elat re- read aloud. This story from the cently went to Yaounde, 130 miles to heart of a little Japanese gir' will the northeast, to look over possible appeal to young and grown"ups sites for a new station. They re- alike. Postpaid S5c. . tun,ed enthusiastic and eager to be- gin work. Yaounde is a large govern- The Inch Library ment station which has been chosen as the place for the new capital of Inches I. II. III. French Equatorial Africa, and with the palace of the goven,or general The girl's literary needs have and all the other necessary govern- been condensed to a few inches, ment buildings it is destined to be- but in these inches there is a come an important town. The place wealth of spiritual counsel and is situated on the border line be- practical information about tween the forest country and the things at home and abroad. In- grass country, and although the ches I, II Boxed, 60c. Inch III people speak a different tongue they Boxed 75c. Postpaid 7c. addit- can understand Bulu well enough iOlla!. for the missionaries to use Bulu until they themselves can learn The Girl's Year Book Yaounde. Some thoughts, prayers an.d The missionaries are 'gratified with Bible. reading-s for every day in the year. "Original in concep- the firm stand of the French Govern- tion, attractive in form and a.e- ment on the liquor question in Africa. vout in spirito" Postpaid 70c. There is very little dJ;inking of in- toxicants among the natives, for the BOOKSHOPS EVERYWHERE government absolutely prohibits im- ported intoxicants for the native or Africans, and it is the expectation that these imported liquors will soon THE WOMANS PRESS be prohibited to the white traders and . government officials also. en .60O'LeuilitonA"V ue,New York City Please mention TUll MISSION.ABY RiVIJ£W OF THE WOILD in writing to advertisers Just DORAN Out For the Ambitious BOOKS Though Busy Bible Student TALKS TO SUNDAY SCHOOL TEACHERS Luther A. Weigle Tha accomplished author of "The Pupil and the Teach- Dictionary er" canies on in this new volume a continuation of his . OF sldJltul treatment of teaching problems. The newer,Padl'IIlO!!ical ideals a.re presented in .uggestlve and inspll"ing The' Bible ,hapters. Net. $1.25 THIRD REVISED EDITION INTHE MENACE of IMMORALITY By JOIlN D. DAVlB. Ph.D.. D.D.. LL.D.. with the co-operation of B. B. WARFUtLD, D. D •• LL. D., and ih8 CHURCH and STATE late GEOliGE T. PURVES. D. D .• LL. D. The Bible student who cannot alford the time Or Reo. John R. Straton, D.D~ money to avail Wmself of the many volumes that PfUJtor~ Calvary Baptist Chureh, NelD York might enrich Ws work will find in this dictionary Is America being destroyed like Ancient Greece and ~~';'~llIfn}g~!'t~~n intobr:~~~S"::i~~i":i.!:l: Roma by Immorality? Is the startling question raised by Dr. St;raton. Illustrated. Net. $1.75 acce.ors. -The past years ha.ve witnessed a number of historica.l and geographical discoveries in Bible INTERVENTION IN MEXICO la.nds-, and the results of these discoveries are Included. Samuel Guy Inman All Those Who Enjoy An authorlta.tlve work. tells the -general reader what he most wants to know about this puzzling question. Offers a constructive program for the solution of the Amerlca.n-Mexican problem. Net. $1.50 A BETTER WORLD Tyler Dennett Author 0/ uThe Democratic Movement in. A.siG,/' etc..

TWs accomplished traveler. writer and social science investigator gives us a review of the world's religjoUB resources and their application to the realization of delightful characterdemocr..tic idealB. Net. 51.50 "This dJetlonary comes . ization of Biblical about as nearmeetlng the persons . and clear, NEW FURROWS IN OLD brief resumes of doc.. needs of the rank and :Die trine will welcome FIELDS William C. Covert, D.D. of our Sunday school tws book. teachers sa any volume of . A book of reasoned optimism. tranquil faith nnd un- 1ts ldnd. with whtch we FuJl page halfdaunted conviction. which proscribe3 applied 'Christian.. are acquainted. It is up- tones of ..actual pict- Ity as the one remedy for all our present-day social and to–date without beingrad.. ures of the more im- Industrial ills. Net. $1.50 tear- and while &lving the malD facts fn regard to ~~~t .r~t'i~; ~~~~ APT ILLUSTRATIONS FOR Bible charactert'll, places. and events. ita treatments the book very atpUBLic ADDRESSES &AI Bot so lull as to make It iml)Ol"81ble I for· bUSY tractive~ men and women to read A. Bernard Webber them. n_.'.?#1lJ1a1l SChool Maqaztnt.

A notable collection of fresh. original incidents covering Special attention Row A a wide range of subjects. Net. $1.50 is given to the .pell- TO ADYERTIt;E ing and ~~nunciation of proper names.

CHURCH E. E. Elliot We do not believe "We eoD8!der this one that any better dic- of the most satisfactory A practical band-book on Church publicity. Tells how, tionary of the Bible dlctlonarles In pr:!nt. It; wben and where.to ad verti>;e all the departments and can be found for the Is rEB.lly B dictionary of a.ctlvities of the local church. Net. $1.50 money. the Bible, and not ot things about the Bible. A NATIONAL SYSTEM OF It is su:fllclent for The UlU8tratlons 8l'8 real the needs of the Wustratfolll. and not EDUCATION Prol. W. S. Athearn average Bible stu- 'might be Imaglna~OD8' of dent and Christian """'" lehlle mInded orUst. Pra.ctical plans for a nation-wide advanre in religiou. worker and also min- When YOU look for infor– education. Net. $1.58 Isters who do not matlon It Is to be found. care to invest a large We know of no diction- THE U~E OF THE STORY sum of money in a ary btJtter suited to the work 01 several vol- work: of the Bible student IN REL claus EDUCATION umes. and the Bible teacher. to -Tl'ie lUU,tou, World.

Margaret W. Eggleston .It i. attractiyel" bound in·three .tyles: A l'OOOI!lIlZed expert te1B how to use tbe story on all occasions. Net, $1.50 C;oth, $3.00, postpaid THE CASE ACAINST SPIRIT- Half Leather, 3.75. po.tpaid 6.00, postpaid UALISM' Jane T. Stoddart Full Morocco, Hu so completely met the demand for a work that Order a copy tfHlay, from. our neare.t house. successfully controverts the teachings of revived Spiritualism that.. new edition has boon qwcldy called for. 11 neCUBQTY, the book will be ..ent on flPP""'fJl.

It!'e'f~~itis:.,~;t'ilJi'i:'.''The book Is m a. cl;:t~~1.~~ Presbyteriiul Board of Publication GEORGE H. DORAN COMPANY (THE WESTMINSTER PRESS) H••4•••rt…. PHILADELPHIA, WkJ…_n Bid,.

244 Madison Ayenue New York New York Chi~ Cincinnati Nashville.. St. LouIs SaD Francisco Pittsburgh . Publishers hi ~erica for Hodder &: Stoughton Please mention THJt MISSIONARY R"E;VlF:W OP THE WORLD in writing to advertisers

XVIU

HELP FOR THE MISSIONARY COM~ MTTEE By Frank L. Brown, Brooklyn. New York The Missionary Committee, ~p­ pointed by the Bushwick Avenue Methodist Sunday School Board, were young people eager to do some- The thing worth while. But how? Too Wonderful often we appoint committees and then Acousticon With' the Smaller Ear Piece turn them loose without chart, com- Will Make You Hear pass, steering .gear or cargo, and service possibilities go to waste.

To avoid this mistake we appro- =:w !!an!: There is no longer any need for you to hear imperfectly. priated money from the regular funds for f'training to hear or being conspicuous in any way. Over (not from the missionary gifts) for :::~~:rtJ:O::f~:f cie:~ti:~ i:h~ the purchase of an outfit. With this better. and JUflt as strong as ever. l'housands. of enthusiast·io money th~ bought books, including: Acousticon users have' te8tifiedto lbe wonderful resulls obtained from i~. and we feel safe in urging every pemon who is Graded Missionary Programs, by hard of hearing to …,ept wilbout a penny of expen80 and enlilrly at our risk the Anita Ferris.

Famous Acousticon Graded Missionary Education. in For 10 Days' FREE TRIAL the Church Sch.wl" 'by Frededca NO DEPOSIT-NO EXPENS& Beard.

All we ask is that yOll give it a fair trial in your own home Missionary Methods' for Sunday amid £ami1i~ surroundings. If it does not .ma.ke you hear, we want it baCk without a cent ol e:a:pense to you for the trial. School Workets" by Trull. because we know it is good husin9 policy to have none but satisfied and enthusiastic Ctultomere-that'. the. only kind we Five Missionary Minutes, by Trull. now have. Write. fer your PREE TIllAL tod.,_ Missionary Education of Juniors, . Dictograph Products Corporation by Hutton. .

1447 Candler Building, New York Missions in the Sunday School, by Hixon: 1,'hings to Make,' by Hutton.

All of this was to inform the com·'

HARTFORD_ mittee as to principles and plans for w. Douglas Mackenzie President missionary work- and their applica- tion to the various departmenfs or classes of the school. , To put missions into the real life Theological Seminary of the school through eye gate and Dean.M. W.Jacobus ear gate, the committee ordered: School of Religious Pedagogy The Missionary Review of the Dean. E. H. Knight World ($2.50 a year). .

Kennedy 'School of Missions The World Outlook ($2.00 ayear). i)ean,E. W. Capen Everyland (for Juniors) ($1.50 a year) ..

China was selected as the subject of the first monthly program.' So Through these associated schools Hart- from the 1llagazines they cut the ford offers full training for: pictures of Chinese subjects, pinned 1. The Christian ministry. or pasted these on cardboards, mak- Z. The w~le field of religious. edu- ing one or more sets for each depart- cation. ment. For the beginners and pri- maries, they arranged pictures of 3. The foreign field. child life in China; for the juniors.

pictures of. boys and girls in. their Each School has its independent faculty week' day or school activities: for and j~ own instituti~n31 life• .md together the intermediates, pictures of mis- they form one interdenomiDational insti- 'sionaries or. I).;itive leaders or $C.r- tution 'with the 'unity of common aim vice activities; for the seniors and and spirit. ' adults illustrations of educational in- Please DltAfioa TH. MISS10M:ARY. R.v~.w ~:r 'tH. WORI.D in writing to advertisers A Music Question AnsqJered Are there any new relisious songs PUBLIC that grapple the vital problems of the Church in this day of reconstruction?

" Yes; such songs will be found in a book just olI press entitled HYMNS FOR TODAY SPEAKING edited by J. H. Fillmore and a number FREE orlY:!~~ ~ff~~-!~r oN::ti;~!ar:'iif~never 1:rt:: of experts in hymnology. It is a general purpose hymnal for the use of Graded if you take advantage of it. Ten lessons in Sunday SchoQls, Churches, Social and Patriotic Meetings. ~~b;~ox!Pd;~in~ea:~~te~s f:~ra~ordI!:; Jt~~ The price of the present edition is to intro1uce our wonderful course in localities $75 per hundred. Future editions sub- where it is DOt already known. ject to change in price. Sample copy sent for examination. We teach you, by mait~ to become a· xowerful A complete Orchestration is being ::~ ~:~:~fi~e t~~~ioa:sd :fe::::r~:ne:~rna:: prepared which will add greatly to the effectiveness of the music.

Books for individual orchestra instruments may be had.

Fillmore Music House, S27ElmSt., audience of a thousand. We have trained hun.. dreds and helped them to increase their earnings and their popularity. Learn Ifn4sytaogue-rfrslpgahtr'e~ tiamned· at home, how to overcome CINCINNATI, OHIO. conquer fear of others; how to. enlarge your vo- cabulary; how to deveio~ 8elf-confid~ce_ and the ih:l~~eif ol;a~:~~hi~Jeec~w a:n!P~ow o~~e~~a'~ your memory. Our NEW,· EASY METHOD p_erfected and taught by Prof. R. E. PattisOll Klin~. former ilean of the Public SpeakingDepart' Old Bibles ment of the Columbi~ ColI"ll"e of Expression. call Re-Bound be learned in IS minutes a day. Prof. Kline is one of the foremost authorities in the country on Haven't you often wanted that old public speaking and mental development. Do. not Bible" re-bound~that old Bible with all u':!a.x. and miss this opportunity of a Iifetime~ ita associations and sentiment ~ You oner Llmlled.-Send No Monq This Special Offer of tell lessons free is made ha'Ye wondered where you could have strictly for advertising purposes and will be withthe work done and perhaps you have drawn without notice. Write now. before it ex~ thought the price would be prohibitive. pires, and receive full particulars with enrollment by return mail. Just tear off and mail free cou- The rebindinll of Bibles requires the work- pon-or a postal. . man.hip and ••rvice. of men who have made a specialty of tm. kind of work. You can • • • • • In.tilute, ZOOS Manhattan BId… Claie..,.' have your Bible expertly rebound in leather or cloth. Send This Send me your Bible by parcel post insured Free Lesson Coupon – I will I.nd you an estimate of the cost NORTH AMERICAN INSTITUTE, .ubject to your approval before the work is ZOOS M~nhaH.D Bid,., Cua,_, ilL I am interested in your course done. Public Speaking and ;rour offer R. H. HOWLAND 156 Fifth Ave.. New York f~ra'cesP=:S:n~~~n~~bf~:ff!!~t any Please mentilih Tn M.SSIOIfARY ~VlIIW o. YHC WOIU.D in writing to ad",,~era HELP FOR THE COMMITl'EE [Continued from Paf!e ~iii For my sermons, I use stitutions, medical and social service work. These subJects were arranged the large, bold type. with the titles. Then,by "Just turning the knob" t~. ~ Helpful hints as to the program on China and the use of the material t1j~' ,8 ulli6. ~Ol' … were found in the Best Methods 91'~~te 00l'l'e8~O~~e~o •• Department and elsewhere in the ~y 8M"da, School .otic Missionary Review of the World. Each number of the REVIEW abound- ed in fresh incidents and facts from all parts of the mission field. These incidents were cut out and arranged in a missionary scrap book so that those relating to each country were put in their appropriate place ready for use. For this reason two copies of each number of the REVIEW are necessary.

In Everyland was found the touch for the Elementary Department in pictures and story. George H. Trull's "Five -Missionary Minutes" also fur- IIMany TYp'eUJriter6ln On~' nished program material.

Would yu like to know ..hit the One thing mor~ waS needed, name- ~J'!:~•• :i,,':'..~~is ;:g.l.':~-;t~ ly to give a mission land flavor In lour w….d.: , by costuming one of the scholars in the garb of a Chinese boy or girl so- Beeau•• of It. v.r••tUlty_ that the' penple': woul'd'b-e visumized'

The Multiple" Hammond does as the story was told. The Mission- ~~!:F!!.i~":. 8~:-u ~¥f:''i't~ ~ ary Education Movement and. several loIob" you caD change rrom one ortyle Church Mission Boards rent cos- _;u… … of type. or trom (IDe language, to an… oth….. Note the above specimen tumes, or they can oe made and saved (1lIldItly reduced) aU 1M for, futqre occasions.' , ,,: SAME: macAi",. . '.

No Other Typewriter C.,n Do'Thl. For the second month, the North American Indian was the subject No matter ..AD you …….."… you and was dealt with In the same way. are, or CDM,., you are. the MultIple" In the Intermediate Department when Hammond I. the a girl dressed as an Indian told the wrItlnio: IIl&ChlDe story of an Indian girl, the whole de- ror YOU. Malt partment listened breathessly. the coupon tor rree rolder. An Indian vilhlge of cardboard was used in the primary class. Also a PORTABLE Model In this way each field was taken F,uIJ capacity. Weight about 11 POun<H. up in turn, the foreign alternating ASk ror special raider. Mailed tree. with the home field. At the "end of Inquire .bout apeel.l terma the year all of these pictures were to prof.alonal. assembled in one room, with such other missionary 'material as added ____________ '1!r- ,."LJ.r____________~ picturesqueness to the effect. 'The Sunday $chool Committee told of its " THE HAMMOND TYPEWRITER CO. work for the year.

5,77 Ea•• 89th St., N… York CIty. Children and young people so im~ PI_ send tree Fold…. to: pressed ~~e missionary givers and _ N~e. __________________ workers worthy 'of a pla<;e in the world's program of tOiIlorrow. ' Ad~_ _- _ – – – – – . . , .

__ ~P.U~~,~———- ~- Pleas. mention THE MISSIONARY ltBvmw or, THB- WORLD in writiDJ 'to" advertls.~, _ _ _ _ _ _ _• rmm-IWMNIIIiIII~R_IIIDIIIHIIDIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIHIIIIIIU.IIIImI ·1 The Baptist Bank ~ 5t ~ The·Annuity Bonds 01 the various Boards and Societies 01 the Northern Baptist~Convention are as sale Cis a bank account-'-saler, indeed ~ == All of the coop",rating organizations have adopted a I uniform set of rules which 'are published herewith LIFE ANNUITIES BASIS OF ISSUING ANNUITY CONTRACTS. Annuity Contract. will be issued in return for 1. Cash; or for 2. Bonds at their market value-except that U. S. Government bonds may be accepted at psr-the market value to be determined by quota- tions in financial journals of a recogni.ed standing or by special report of a ,bond and stock broker of reputable standing; or 3. Mortgages of such character ~. would be accepted for permanent investment by the Finance Committee of the respective Boards.

ANNUITY RATES.

1. The rate at which an annuity contract will be issued is determined by the age of the annuitant in accordance with the printed schedule of annuity rates. (This schedule will be sent on request to any person interested.) ,'

2. There will be no change in the rate on an annuitycontrac(during the life of that contract. '

ANNUITY PAYMENTS. I. Annuity payments will be made annually or semiannually.

ACCEPTANCE OF PROPERTY UNDER TRUST AGREEMENT• .Other property. including stocks and real estate. which i. satisfactory to the Finance Committee of the Board concerned. may be accepted under a I trust agreement to pay the donor or donors thereof the actual net income on such property. when and as paid, with the understanding that the Society shall have the right, after due conference with the donor or donors. to sell such property, and that when such property is sold the Society will issue a single or a survivorship annuity contract for the net proceed. received from the'sale of such property at the rate of income paid to annuitants at the age of the donor or I donors of such property at the time when the sale of the property has been effected. .

THE GENERAL BOARD OF PROMOTION OF THE NORTHERN BAPTIST CONVENTION [J. Y. AITCHISON, D. D., General Director 276 Fifth Aye.. New York American Bapti,t Foreign Million Society Woman'. American Baptilt Foreign Minion Societ, Gec:wp B. Huntington, Treasurer Mias Alice Ea Stedman, Treasurer _Box 41, Bo.ton, Ma… Ford Building. Baston, Ma…

The'American Baptilt Home Mission Soeiety The Woman's American Baptilt Home Mi.,ion Society Charle. L White, D. D., E,…,. Sec. Mrs. Katheri~ s.. Westf.ll, Secretary 23 Ea.t 26th Stnet, New York. N. Y. , 2969 Vernon' Ave.• Chicago. Ill..

Minilten and Millionaries Benefit Board The American Bapti.t Publication Society :i ~~o2':~Ln;o~~'~;"sv:t~il Y. __ Gilbert' N. Brink. D. D., Secretary 1701 Che.tnut Street, Phi]…, Pa. 0' The Baptist Board Eduuti•., . ,F!ank W. Pad.lEord, D. D., Seenotarr, ,76 Fifth AYe•• New Y~k , Correapondence is invited with any of .the aboye organizl'tiona Pie….. mention T1<1! MISlIo"""" RI!YIl!W 0'# THE WORLD itt writinr to advertisers Catch. Them In The Sunday School!

Our Future Foreign Missionaries They must be our Choice Boys and Gi,.ls. We should get them early. They have a long course of preparation be- fore them. New Missionaries should reach the field before they are~thirty. There is Every Variety of Service.

We need Ministers, Educators, Doctors and Nurses, Industrial, Agricultural and Business Missionaries A College Course Is Most Desirable. -All should have Bible T,.aining for all must be Missionaries first and always.

SUNDAY SCHOOL TEACHERS may be The Best Recruiting Officers They can enlist, coach and train these new recruits. They can start Mission Study Classes. They can send to the Candidate Depart- ment of the Board of Foreign Missions' names and addresses of these Choice Boys and Gi,.ls. We will follow them up.

. NEEDED THIS YEAR 34 Ordained Men 17 Men Physicians 21 Men Educators 8 Women Physicians 33 Women Teachers and Evangelists. 21 Nurses the Write for literature to Candidate Department Board of Foreign Missions of The P~sbyt~rianChurch in,the U. S. A.

. ,15ft Fiftb Avenue, ~ew York .. • n ._ ~ n",,~ ,JllSSIOlLlE<lb""w O~ T" W<>ItUdD- writing toa4Yertiae1'1l

Testainent

League Over 5,000,000 members in all parts of the world. 25,000 just enrolled in Detroit, Mi~higan.

What is it?

Great soul-winning, Bible-reading Movement.

A splendid Christian activity for all missionary organizations, Sunday Schools, Churches or indi- viduals. .

~ennbership Free How to join and how to start a branch of the Movement in your Church or community explained in literature, which will be sent free on request.

Pocket Testannents'

For the convenience of members, special size pocket editions (21/ax33/4 inches) can be secured with the fol- lowing special features: Lea~ue Pled~e 15 colored views of Palestine 2 Son~s (words and music) Soul-winning helps Decision page Prices vary according to binding, -from 45c to $1.75. Des- Criptive price list sent free.

The Pocket Testannent League.

puts the Word of God not merely into the Pocket but into the Life. YOU can introduce this Movement in your Community.

Write Us Today.

THE POCKET TESTAMENT LEAGUE Fifth Floor 156 Fifth Avenue New York City.

PJease mention THE MISSIONARY RltVI:£W OF THlt WORLD in writing to advertisers

White Whiskered Seiuchi! r

"The seiuchi is a sea animal. bigger than the ox. with pale red fur. white whiskers and f:wo long white tusks which hang down like the tusks of the elephant."

In the fifth year of Kwansei. blown out of 'their " Japanese subiect to leave the i$lands. It is recourse. Tsudaya and eighteen other mariners <ed by the seamen who circumnavigated the world. landed on an uuinhabited island, Two days there· after. directed by the oracle. they reached Unalaska .'urning after eleven years to Naga~ki only to be and thence Russia. the realm of Catherine the Great. -ested for leaving their country. Their story was Here is a tale of high adventure. with aU the astounding, so remarkable in description of romance of a Jack London yarn. a tale of the feudal strange lands and peoples, that the officials promptly days of old Japan (1793) when no foreigner was J:er- ordered scholars to record it. mitted to set foot in the land. It was a crill1:e for Sheer chance revealed this treasure. And now the first part of "The Wonderful News of the Cir- cumnavigation" sees the light in the May ASIA The American MAGAZINE on the Orient Beautifully Illustrated-Rich Color Insert-Over Fifty Pictures flar different is the Japan of today–a world power and advocate of free intercourse with other nations -her ships "far flung" to the world. ASIA digs into the pasW;>f the Oriental nations you visit by giving you their traditional back-ground so different from ours. ASIA gives their present political and trade re- lations. Like a seismograph it registers the rumblings of these distant folk-their spirit towards one an- other and towards us-their rapidly changing conditions. The pictures (over fifty to an issue) are of a kind you cannot find elsewhere. .

SPECIAL OFFRR OF 4 MONTHS FOR $1.00 CONTENTS Jo'OR MA Y To show you that ASIA Is essential on your mental table– Special Art Insert in Color~Four Fam- . that you must know the OrMnt in order to be well informed- ous CHIUYANG (Cblnese Mlnl1) Pain'- you may have 4 issues, the next tour months, tor the reduced lOlls-Suitable for Frall1inl1, price of $1.00. . The Wonderful News of the Cireumnavi~ ASIA is a beautiful magaiine. "So beautiful" said one 01 our subscribers. '"that It ought not to be .. ma"azine. Each issue gation: • 1. The Wreck 01 the Wakamiyo. should be bound in leather covers to be kept tor all time." Edited by Stewart Culin If you want vision, you will find it in ASIA. If ~OU' wan,t i!l- What Holds China Back By John Dewey formation that cannot be found elsewhere. you wIll find It III The Stone Cutter and the Mouse ASIA. Because of the scarcity of paper and the expense in making By Bernard S~:rton ASIA, we wy,st necessarily limit the edition ot each number. Letters from a Japanese Patriot The First Mohammedan Republic Therefore, it is advisable to send the coupon now; By Boris L. T. ROU8tam Bek The Romance of the WesterIt P"vilion- A Chinese Tale of the Eighth Century Asia P;;-f~s~~n A,'e.. New York Miss. Revlew5-20 King Hussein and His Arabi.!:.Y ~t~eo Enter my subscription to ASiA. the American Magazine on By the Sea By Lowell Thomas the Orient for tour months. I enclose $1.00 domestic By Michael Kouyubinskll Vagabond Poet in Palestine 1.16 Canadian 1.32 foreign By Joseph" Koven TheMingTombs-Poem By WitterBynnt'r- N&me •.. , …………………….. ,." …. . By the Grace of the Kurd!!

Ad<il-ess … , ……… , …… . By Edward M. Dodd Face to Face With Business in Szechuan By H. K. Rt'chardsdn B.ness or profession ….. ASIA'S Travel-log Please mention THJt MISSIOllfAlty Rsvu;w OF THS WORLD in writing to .advertisers