The Missionary Review of the World — December 1931

McCLANAHAN lIIEllllORIAL-A COMMUNITY HALL AT THE CHRISTIAN LEPER VILLAGE, CHIENG MAl

Help Rea~h Japanese Youth with the Gospel THE KINGDOM OF GOD MOVEMENT is beginning a magazine for Japanese young people under the editorial control of TOYOHIKO KAGAWA It will bear all the marks of his evangelistic genius. It will specialize in Bible study, nature study, Christian biography of all ages and races, cooperative living and prayer. THE COMMITTEE ON CHRISTIAN LITERATURE FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN in mission lands is helping. Will you pray and give? Send contributions to Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgomery, Chairman 144 Dartmouth St., Rochester, New York Will You Help Send the Gospel to Moslems?

Christ and His Message are interpreted to Moslems through Christian Literature published in Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Urdu, Panjabi, Chinese and other languages spoken by Moslems.

By your prayers and gifts you can help to supply this much needed Christian literature for Egypt Syria lrak China Morocco Palestine Persia Java Algiers Turkey India Sumatra Tunis Arabia Malaysia South Africa Will you help the Christian missionaries in these countries by sending your gicrts through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems cooperating with the Nile Mission Press and Interdenominational Committees, on the field?

BOARD OF DIRECTORS Rev. William I. Chamberlain, D.D., President Delavan L. Pierson, Dr. Robert E. Speer, Vice Presidents Mrs. William Bancroft Hill, Honorary Vice President Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D.D., Field Secretary Dr. William B. Anderson Miss Anna A. Milligan, Rec. Sec. Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Mrs. William Borden Dr. James Cantine, Cor. Sec. Mrs. James M. Montgomery Dr. Robert W. Searle Rev. Thomas S. Donohugh Mrs.. E. E. Olcott, Treas. Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Dr. John H. Raven Mr. Fennell P. Turner Send your contributions to The Treasurer, 116 East 68th Street, New York City.

Apply for information and literature to The Corresponding Secretary, Dr. James Cantine, 25 East 22nd Street, New York City.

Please mention TUJl MISSIONARY REVImw OF Tum WORLD In writinK to advertIsers. MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD DmLAvAN L. PImRSON, Editor .l ::, CONTENTS-December, 1931 LET YOUR GIFT to Foreign Missions Page PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME FRONTII'lPIECE ……………….. . 88-1 ~Oil can make a generous gift to foreign mts- SlOns and have a needed income for yourself KALEIDOSCOPIC GLIMPSES OF ASIA and others from the money you give by the ••••••••••••••••• EDWARD M. DODD S85 Annuity Gift Plan THE WHITE ANGEL OF TOKYO …. •••••••••••.•. MAMIE C. G. If'RASER This v1an relieves you of uncertainty and worry caused by changing values of invested CONSTANTINOPLE AFTER A CEN· funds Bnd assures you a fixed income of TURY •••……. CHARLES T. RIGGS SUO 4t% to 9% per year A CHINESE MARKET TOWN ARISTO· CRAT ••..••..•• CHARLES E. ~COTT 90:! for the rest of your life JEWS BECOME CHRISTIANS ……. . A reserve fund of over $1,500,000 guarantees the prompt payment of annuities to you, ••••••••••• • JOHN STUART CONNING 905 Prot~ct.· yourself against loss through A REMARKABLE INDIAN I,AWYER .. unWise Investments and at the same time …………………. D. A. YARDI 907 help send the gospel to all the world.

AFRICAN DRUMS AND THEIR USES For fUll 'information write . . •. . .. • • .. • . . . . . . A. E. VOLLOR 911 Erne.t F. Holl, Secretary, Dept. 01 Annuiti•• HOW STRENGTHEN THE HOME BASE 913 BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. THE GIFT OF KHAMA'S PEOPLE … 914 156 Fifth Avenue. New York SADHU ~UNDAR SINGH AS I SAW HIM ……••.. HARRY W. NISSANKA J15 '0ne £OMMI)NITY £H()R£HMAN THE STORY OF MISS TSAI OF CHINA 916 A journal interpreting various ef· TOPICS OF THE TIMES ..•……… 918 forts in union, federated and com- munity churches toward community THE PRESENT WAR IN EUROPE. betterment. There are now over SALARY CUTS ArqD "No RETREAT." two thousand such churches in DR. SPEER'S ANNIVERSARY. ~meri~a,. the most rapidly develop- LOOK FOR JANUARY. mg relIgIOUS movement in the coun- WHAT ORIENTALS 'l~H]NK OF AMERICA. try. The larger problems of Amer- PRINCIPLES OF "FAITH MISSIONS." ican Christianity and of world NEED IN DUTCH EAST INDIES. Christianity also receive attention.

METHODS FOR WORKERS ……… . •••• • EDITED BY Mas. F. 1. JOHNSON 1J~5 WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BUL· LETIN •……………..•……. 931 WORLD·WIDE OUTLOOK ………… 937 BOOKS WORTH READING ………. 953 INDEX FOR 1931 ………………. 959 TERMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, ~o cents. Single copie., 25 cents. Publlshed monthly. Copyrighted, 1931, by MISSIONARY RlCVIBW PUBLISHING COM- PANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING SPECIAL CLllB OFFER COMPANY, INC. The Missionary Review of the ROBERT E. SpaaR, Pre81dent World ………………… $2.50 W,LLIAY I. CHAYBIlRLAIN, Vlce-Pre8Went The Community Churchman. . . .. 1.00 DSLAVAN L. PlaRSON, Secretary $3.50 WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer Both for $2.75. Save 75 cents.

Publication Olllce, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Why not present these magazines Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year.

Editorial and Business Olllee, 156 Fifth Avenue, as Christmas gifts to friends. New York City The Commun..y Churchman Entered as second·class matter at the Post Park Ridge, Ill. Olllee, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March S. IB79.

Plf'RSe ll1pntion THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLn in writing to advprtisers. PERSONALS p~~~~~~" 'M ~,. ~omdbmg jitW for (;ijristmas BISHOP HUGH L. BURLESON, Bishop of South Dakota since 1916, was elected at ft Something ~11, the recent General Convention assistant From Far Away to the Presiding Bishop of the Protestant ~ Episcopal Church. He resigned his ~ Just a po9~!l};r!b!ng you full ~ diocesan office and his suffragan, Bishop ~ information about the beautiful silk and ~ Roberts, was elected Bishop of South linen cross-stitch work that is made in Dakota. ~ ~ ~ ~~~n~~~,e c~~na?n:::::~or;;:re inareTa~~~; ~ DR. WILL W. * AL*EXA*NDER, for some five hundred boys and girls who are workyears head of the Commission on Inter- ing hard to become useful ChrIstian racial Cooperation, with headquarters at young men and women. Atlanta, has accepted the position of acting president of the new Dillard Uni- We have something suitable as gifts versity in New Orleans. He will begin his new duties immediately, though pres- for children, young people and older folks. ent plans provide for him to continue as Buying these goods belps to encourage director of the Interracial Commission. a spirit of self-reliance in children who * * .. ~ would otherwise be dependent on kind- ~ DR. C. H. IRWIN retired September 23 hearted people for support. from the post of secretary and editor of the Religious Tract Society, with which The jncome from the sale of these goods Is used to help destitute boys and . .. he has been connected for 35 years. gb~i r~l~s~sb.eicnosmt eea du soeff ubl e cCo mh riinsgt i abnegm~aerns and ~~ and ~'M THE REV. A. C. SNEAD, the Foreign Secretary of the Christian and Mission- ft Our Specialty for Sunday School Classes 11, ary Alliance, has gone to Japan to hold this Season is a BE!autifuI Handa series of conferences with the mission- Painted Silk Bookmark. aries and J apariese leaders. Write at once fol" price Itst .. * .. and full informatIOn to THE REV. BERT NELSON, an American IJI 'M G. A. LUNDMARK missionary, has now been held by Communist bandits in Honan and Hupeh ¥t 'It: 2002 GRACE STREET, CHICAGO, ILL. L~;;;;~;;:~:d provinces for a year, and there are no present prospects of his being released. FOR LOVERS OF MISSIO~S He is a member of the Lutheran United HUMAN INTEREST STORIES from a new field Mission which has paid more than $10,000 in ransom to secure his release, in Belgian Congo, East Africa. but the bandits after receiving the money began making extravagant, not to say Three brle! storIes: "KATSUBUKIRO, the impudent, demands. eleven-year-old boy schoolmaster" ; "Death DR. HOWARD B'". G*ROS'"E, editor of Mis- Drums" ; and "Home Life of the Banandi Women." sions, and for many years senior vice- SUitable for missionary programs. Sent FREE by an interdenominational FAITH mission.

Address UNEVANGELIZED AFRICA ](ISSION, 536 South Hope St., Los Angel••, CalIfornia president of the International Society of Christian Endeavor, on September 5 COMING EVENTS December 30-January 3, 1932-STUDENT .. . .. celebrated his eightieth birthday. VOLUNTEER CONVENTION, Buffalo, MR. LESLIE B. Moss, of the Committee New York. of Reference and Counsel, will make a visit during the winter to the Far East. January 2-3-COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR He plans to leave late in November, HOM]" MISSIONS, ANNUAL MEETING, visiting mission work in Egypt and Toronto, Canada. spending approximately two months and a half in India and proceeding to China, January 4-6-HoME MISSIONS COUNCIL, Korea and Japan, returning to the ANNUAL MEETING, Toronto, Canada.

. .. .. United States about the first of June. January 12-15-FoREIGN MISSIONS CON- FERENCE OF NORTH AMERICA, Atlan- MISS CLEMENTINA BUTLER has been tic City, New Jersey.

granted leave of absence from the Wom- January 18-19-COUNCIL OF CHURCH an's Foreign Missionary Society of the BOARDS OF EDUCATION, Cincinnati, Methodist Church in order to attend the Ohio.

. . .. seventy-fifth anniversary of the found- January 24-CHIW LABOR DAY.

ing of the mission of the Methodist Epis- February 4-INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF copal Church in India. ~EL.IGIOUS EDUCATION, Chicago, 11- hnOls. REV. LEWIS R. SCUDDER, D.D., M.D., returned from India on October 12. February 12–WORLD DAY OF PRAYER.

(Concluded on Third Cover.) PIonso mention TrrE ~fISSI03!"RY REVJEW o1l' TRill WORm In writing to ndvortisrrs.

LIV, No.12 December

KALEIDOSCOPIC GLIMPSES OF ASIA BY EDWARD M. DODD, M.D., New York Medical Secreta.rrtl O'f the Presbyterian Board of Formfl'll Missions. Formerly a MissiO'lJary ,in Persia O UT of a kaleidoscope of im- Near the other end of our trip, pacts from a rapid world Dr. TooteU of the Hunan Mission tour what are the outstand- in China was telling me of seeing ing impressions? What are the Communists, who had been capones which bear the most signifi- tured by Nanking Government cantly on man's future and the troops, marched through the Christian enterprise? streets of Changsha to be behead- During a short stop in Paris, I ed. As they went along they shouted "Long live Communism." was walking through Versailles Their zeal, like the martyrs of old, with two chance companions from the bus load under the regis of the was stronger than any fear of apthoughtful Thos. Cook and Son. proaching death. One was an eager German stu- These are two glimpses of what dent; the other was an American we felt through so much of our Russian Jew from New York, who, trip-the huge question-mark- after seventeen years absence from J)ortentious or J)romising or mixed, Russia had been visiting his rela- which is represented by Russia.

tives and friends in Warsaw, Mos- But my thought has not been pricow, Kieff and various other parts marily Russia and Communism, of Soviet Russia. He had seen the though they are of vast significonditions close up and off parade. cance to the Christian enterprise, He had a mass of exceedingly in- so much as the thing which Russia teresting observations and reac- exemplifies so strikingly, and tions which he was thoughtfully which India and other countries sifting. Among other things, he also exemplify-the power of a was impressed with the fervent mastering idea. conviction and zeal of the younger generation, imbued to the finger- In this respect there has been a tips with the Communist thesis. profound change in the thinking of Sacrifice, patience and endurance great masses of people in Asia were all part of the game for the within the last decade, since I left great objective, crystallized in the Persia and travelled home by In- dia and the Far East. The old Five Year Plan. He was deeply static, passive, submissive East is impressed with this spirit. rapidly changing to a dynamic, ac- 885

tive, assertive East. This observa- which are part of a great compel- tion is commonplace enough, but ling, inspiring idea. Millions of the point which interested me people in India, China and Japan greatly was how the face of Asia are being stirred as never before.

was being changed by the power of Can conviction be met with any- sweeping ideas, which bear on in- thing less than conviction? Can dividual human life and on the we adapt ourselves to meet the new whole social order, and which are situation?

My brother and I were traveling by train from Angora, the capital of the new Turkey, to Talas, a sta- tion of the American Board, which had been our old home. The two other people in the compartment were a Turkish colonel (a World War veteran), and a younger offi- cer. The colonel proved to be a genial, democratic, soul, who was sociability personified. We were presently talking about everything under the sun-from personal af- fairs to politics. Then he offered to draw the scheme of the ambi- tious government program of rail- road building, which has already progressed far toward completion.

Each time, as he started to write down the name of some city, he automatically began with the old Arabic script, from right to left, but each time he caught himself, reversed, and began over ·again with the new Romanized writing in the opposite direction, and with THE DISAPPEARING VEILED WOMAN very evident pride in the latter. OF THE EAST This one change alone in Turkey being worked out in large pro- has been a revolution in itself. It grams. The followers of Mr. breaks with the past-the mighty Gandhi show this to an extraordi- Arabian Mohammedan heritage– nary degree. The spirit with far more than we realize.

which they move is tremendously In Tabriz, Persia, I was talking challenging. The Rev. Frank Bi- with a good friend, a young Sayid, ble and I had the opportunity of who keeps a modern drug store, meeting some of the Indian Con- and who had recently become a gress leaders in two or three cities, Haji by virtue of a pilgrimage to and we were profoundly impressed Mecca. He was picturing the with their spirit. Purposefully, travel and the crowds. Can you patiently, intelligently-whether credit the statement that the trip you agree with them or not–they from the pilgrim port of Jidda to are moving toward certain goals, holy Mecca is now always made by

KALEIDOSCOPIC GLIMPSES OF ASIA

motor car across the desert? No Right here is our changing more long days by caravan; enter front. If the fading of the old ora Ford or a Buick and in a few der meant moral advance; if it hours you are there. How long can meant turning to Christianity; if Mecca remain totally closed to non- it meant seeking for truer spiritual Moslems at this rate? Perhaps light; it would be one thing. But about ten years more. The pres- the consensus of opinion seems to sure of profits from tourists and be otherwise. The trend is what movie people and pUblicists, you will-materialistic, religiously coupled with Moslem relaxation indifferent, agnostic, sometimes and ease of travel, will be hard to social minded, sometimes idealistic, resist. My Haji friend went on to often quite otherwise; but certainsay that the census of the year's ly it is in new and untried direcpilgrims showed a marked faIling tions, with a constantly decreasing HOW WE TRAVET,ED ACROflS '.rHE PERSIAN DESERTS off. The largest delegation was hold of the age-long sanctions. from Java–40,000. And he con- The baleful effects of western ::3idered them a barbarous, dirty night-life and drinking, of our lot, as he visited their camps. This worst movies, cynical after-effects reaction was far more evident than of the war among so-called Christhat they were brother religionists tian nations, with the loss of westof a world faith. The delegation ern prestige-all these and other from Persia was only 5,000-a con- influences are insidiously and siderable decrease over the past. sweepingly at work. Turkey, once the military and religious head of Islam, produced Shortly before I sailed for Peronly five pilgrims! Could anything sia fifteen years ago, I was talking be more eloquent of what is taking with a gentleman in New York. place-Islam crumbling at its cen- He knew that I was going out as a ters. The old moorings are slip- missionary and freed himself of ping-and what have you? some comments. The burden of these was that it was a mistake to

compete with the old religions; we mission hospitals in nine different should contribute to them and not Asiatic countries, and have seen replace them; otherwise we would the same sort of service, with vary- risk losing great values without ing methods and different person- corresponding gains. alities, giving its witness to all Whatever element of truth there sorts and conditions of men.

may once have been in this hoary My Christian Credo argument, it does not check with actuality today. The old religions My credo in medical work in are in retreat and on the defensive. this shifting, groping, upheaving Merely left to themselves in a mod- day and age, has at least three ern and communicating world, they tenets: will disappear or so change as to 1. It exemplifies and expresses be mere vestiges of their authentic the Christ spirit. With all the selves. frailties of our human medium it What is the import of this to us? makes its appeal, in spite of in- Is there less or more urgency for tellectual cynicism and political the missionary enterprise? Has preoccupation and economic pres- the Christian enterprise a real sure. Who could be so obtuse or message for. so changing and un- so distracted as to be able to visit precedented a situation? Dr. McKean's leper village in May I offer a partial answer? Chiengmai, Siam, and not be r have been to Vellore and have touched to the quick? Who could seen Dr. Ida Scudder in action. be so blind as to visit Hackett The large, beautiful, efficient, gra- Medical in Canton and not recog- cious-spirited hospital-minister- nize that something quite beyond ing to its thousands-and then the the powers of the old order, and splendidly conceived and nearly more than fulfilling the best ideal completed medical school in that of the new order, is going on there?

lovely setting outside the city- 2. The special contribution of where scores of women doctors the medical work is needed because will be trained for Christlike serv- of its welding of science and faith.

ing-are an unanswerable contri- Better and more persuasive than bution. They embody convictions books and arguments, you have and they show a new way. I was here people, who are trained in the with Dr. Scudder in the ward when scientific method, who believe in she stopped to speak to and caress the scientific approach to life (as a little wisp of a woman, with such far as it can go), who are profi- appealing eyes. She was a fifth cient in an envied scientific attain- Cesarean case! Four times before, ment, and yet who, at the same this mite of a woman had gone time, are believers in the religious through that operation. A fifth supremes, believers in the spiritual Cesarean operation does not hap- meaning of life, believers in God pen often, and this was successful and in Jesus Christ. Part of the for mother and child. reaction in the younger generation The surgical skill was all there, in these countries takes the form but what gripped me even more of an ultra or misconceived evalua- was the atmosphere at that bed- tion. They think that science is all side. and that science precludes faith in r have been in some sixty-six the unseen. The medical man and

KALEIDOSCOPIC GLIMPSES 0);' ASIA

woman of the Christian enterprise sentatives. In times of bewilderlive and teach something more than ment and danger and extreme testthis. If anyone can get it across ing these Chinese doctors and they can. nurses have made good.

3. Medical Missions train men We are faced with an Asia where and women for the future, doctors mass ideas, which are apart from and nurses, who shall go out and accepted religion, which cut across work-whether through healing or established racial and social patprevention-for their own people, terns, and which break with the because men and women from a whole heritage of the past, are distant Christian church first came gripping people as never before. to them. What is our answer?

DR. IDA SCUDDER AND HER HELPERS STARTING ON A MEDICAL TOUR The chaos in China has brought The old order is obviously passout heroism and latent power. The ing. The new order is the question graduates of mISSIOn medical mark. Whither will it go? Where schools, such as that at Shantung do we come in on it? Christian University in Tsinanfu, have made an enviable record in Part of our answer is already on carrying on mission hospitals, the ground, ministering to perwhen the foreigners have been sent petual human needs in the name of away by their government repre- our Master. Shall we go on with it?

LET CHRISTIANS EVERYWHERE CULTIVATE A CONSCIOUS FELLOW- SHIP WITH THEIR LIVING AND LOVING LORD AND ALL THE "MAJOR CONCERNS IN FOREIGN MISSIONS" WILL CLEAR AWAY LIKE THE MISTS OF THE MORNING.

WHERE CHRI'i'lT GOES, WE WILL GO; AS HE WORKS, WE WILL WORK; AND OUR GIVING WILL BECOME MORE AND MORE COMMENSUR- ATE WITH HIS SACRIFICIAL GIVING.

WHITE ANGEL OF TOKYO*

The Story of Miss A. Caroline MacDonald, of Japan BY MAMIE C. G. FRASER, Toronto, Canada A CAROLINE MACDONALD, the work extended beyond Tokyo M.A., LL.D., the minister- and beyond the lives of the students • ing angel in Japanese pris- who had greatly benefited by the ons and the missionary to working establishment of Christian hostels. women of Tokyo, died on July 18, A Japanese National Association in the Victoria Hospital, London, grew up, and it was a real joy to Ontario. Miss Macdonald when a Japanese With ancestors the embodiment young woman, Miss Michi Kawai, of courageous daring and inde- was appointed joint National Secpendence of spirit, it can easily be retary.

seen that the love of freedom and Then a tragedy occurred in fair play – the spirit of independ- Tokyo which brought Miss Mac- ence and daring statesmanship donald into contact with men in which never fails to attract and the prisons and later with their challenge – was Caroline Mac- families and friends and changed donald's God-given inheritance. the whole course of her life. Join- She was the daughter of Doctor ing the staff of the Women's Coland Mrs. Peter Macdonald, of lege in Tokyo, she gave half her Wingham, Ontario. Her father time to her prison work and, for a was for many years a physician time, half to teaching. The prison and was also a member of Parlia- work rapidly developed into social ment, and deputy Speaker of the service which attracted the atten- House of Commons from 1901 to tion of Japanese officials, winning 1904. In the lovely little town of their approval, and resulting in the Wingham, Caroline Macdonald re- establishment of settlement work ceived her early education, later in the most congested district in going to the University of Toronto, Tokyo.

from which she graduated with This work made Miss Macdonald honors in 1901. She dedicated her famous, for it spread out into a life to the service of God and first great social service work among entered service as secretary in the the people and their families. It Ottawa Y. W. C. A. In 1903, she led to the establishment of night became Traveling Secretary of the schools for girls in industry, a re- Student Volunteer Movement, later markable piece of pioneer work; being chosen National Y. W. C. A. to the bringing about, through Jap- Secretary of Canada. Twenty- anese management, of various eight years ago she went to Japan changes in the care and service for in the interest of the welfare of convicted persons both in prison young women, in answer to a and on their return to society; to definite request from the wives of preventive work for delinquent missionaries who asked for a children and the establishment of worker to establish association ac- a juvenile court.

tivities in that country. In time While engaged in this unique • From The Glaa TMinY8. Toronto. Cana<ln. prison service Miss Macdonald 890 published the autobiography of the "Most touching of all and most man in Tokyo prison who was arresting is his frequently repeated awaiting the execution of the death estimate of the faith and character sentence. Miss Macdonald pub- of Christians. No Christian, he lished it in Japanese and, at the tells us, is ever afraid of death.

request of a prison official, trans- Christians, as he conceives them, lated it into English under the title "A Gentleman in Prison." The officials' reasons for asking the publication of this life story were illuminating. He said: "Much is said nowadays about the difficulties of mutual understanding between the East and the West. Ideals are different, customs are different, the background of life and history is different, and we face an impasse.

Educated people, it is said, may ap- proximate in thought and outlook, but for the people at large the case is hopeless. And while this is be- ing said, we have had in this very prison an example to the contrary.

A man, uneducated, steeped in crime, condemned to death for murder, waiting daily for the un- escapable end to which his crimes has brought him, is touched by one of another nation, and a woman at that, with traditions and history and education as different from his as night is from day; but the uni- versal message of the love of God flashes across the gulf of human differences and the man's soul re- sponds. I want your American people also to know this story, be- cause it illustrates from real life, and beyond the shadow of doubt- ing, the fact that underneath all the superficial differences that sep- DR. A. CAROLINE MACDONALD arate us, we are one in the depths are people who always live up to of suffering and sorrow and sin- the highest principles of Christ, ning, and in the heights of love and and whose thought and conduct are sympathy and God." ever worthy of His loftiest ideals.

Dr. John Kelman closes his fore- The only Christians he had ever word to the book with the follow- known were the two women who ing striking paragraph. Referring told him of Jesus in his cell."

to this man, whom he terms, "one These two women were Miss Mac- of God's aristocrats," he says, donald and her friend, Miss West.

Next in importance to the work The wording gave expression to among the prisoners was the estab- the appreciation felt for her labors lishment of night schools for girls of the past ten years, special menin industry-an entirely new field tion being made of her prison of mission work in Japan. It be- work, her share in the Juvenile gan in 1924, during a strike in one Court, and-most wonderful-"for of the textile factories in Tokyo, spreading the Gospel of God." On when Miss Macdonald allowed the the enthronement of the present 150 girls on strike to hold meet- Emperor, she was one of six forings at her settlement. She taught eigners to receive a silver cup, them domestic accomplishments given for distinguished service to and provided classes for study; as industry, commerce, immigration a result she had under her care, up and colonization. Lord Willingdon, to the time of her death, a night the Governor-General of Canada, school of large proportions with cabled the congratulations of the branch schools in five different fac- Canadian Government to Miss tory groups. This school gave Macdonald. In 1929, she was working girls an opportunity for asked by the Labor delegate from education, and carried with it the Japan to the Labor Conference in teachings .of Christ, translating Geneva to accompany him as interinto action the principles taught by preter and adviser. In 1925, the Him. By her interest in Japanese University of Toronto conferred women Miss Macdonald brought upon her the degree of LL.D., the them consolation and enlighten- first woman to receive that honor. ment and as a result they realize Her presentation brought forth the their own economic value. The priceless encomium from Professor problem which remained was, ac- Maurice Hutton: cording to Miss Macdonald, to see that they understand the spiritual If any follow her they will not win value of life as well, not for their it in a field more honorable or more own sakes alone but for the sake feminine. She has won the right to of the Kingdom of God on earth. be here by her life work as a mis- Miss Macdonald's work was interdenominational and received sup- sIonary. port from both the United Church and the Presbyterian Church in The church of which she was a Canada. member in Japan likewise honored her and she enjoyed the distinction Many honors came to Miss Mac- of being an elder in the Presby- terian Church in Tokyo. But perdonald in acknowledgment of her haps the decoration she prized most highly was a copper sen (oneservices. From the Emperor of half cent) bequeathed to her in a formal will, as his sole earthly pos- Japan, she received the Sixth session, by a noted criminal whom she was instrumental in leading, Order of the Sacred Treasure, and, before his execution, into the Peace of God. in 1924, the Department of Justice Just before word of her death presented her with a gold cup, ac- had been received in Japan, the Government sent through the Mincompanied by a certificate, bearing ister to Canada, Mr. Tokgawa, a on the top the Imperial crest, a gold chrysanthemum, and at the lower left corner the signature and large red seal of the Minister of Justice.

1U::l l] THE WHITE ANGEL OF TOKYO

silver vase-as a "sick bed gift"- mother was cheered and given ill "appreciation of her meritorious sufficient help to take her to her service." family home. .

One so truly great can never die To the weekly prayer-meeting, But lives and loves and serves to alI where Miss Macdonald always spoke, came the girls from her eternity. night school and some ex-pupils. There were also present several AN APPRECIATION boys on probation from the juve- nile court and ex-prisoners. By MRS. DANIEL STRACHAN When we finally were going up- When in Japan, I went one stairs, I remarked that she had not morning with Caroline Macdonald locked the front door. "This door to one of the large prisons where is never locked," she replied, "and she carried on work. There I saw the prisoners in their prison garb if you lock it now you will be lockbeing marched around the yard for exercise, while armed guards stood ing in the bUrglars instead of lockby. Caroline Macdonald visited ing them out, for upstairs there are six men sleeping who just DR. MACDONALD AND TWO OF ITER I!1EJU.ow WORK.IIlRS IN JAPAN and talked with these men in their came out of prison today. This is cells – desperate men, most of the 'House of Friendliness.' " them, whom she influenced and changed, men who called her In the Night School for the Girls friend. in Industry I heard from her the story of the lives of many of them. At her settlement I saw another I saw her address a meeting of one piece of work, which grew from of the large Labor Unions where her prison work – the care of the she spoke, at their request, on the families of prisoners. The wife of principles of the Christian religion. one of the prisoners and her twin In the Presbyterian Church in babies came to seek advice and Tokyo, she was the only foreigner help. The babies were bathed and in the congregation. dressed in fresh clothing, the The esteem in which she was

held by rich and poor, by the in- also Mrs. Kishi, the four Governors fluential and the outcast, was re- of the Tokyo prisons. Five Budmarkable. She loved Japan and its dhist priests came and afterwards people and made herself part of it. remarked how much they were im- She identified herself thoroughly pressed by the service. with everything in Japan and made her friends among the Japanese, Mr. Tagawa, who presided at the spoke their language like a native memorial service, said: and was well acquainted with the history. Tributes were paid to her My friendship with Miss Macdonald lasted for more than twenty years. by judges, lawyers, ministers, n- I will always remember the care and attention which she gave me in 1917 nancial men, bankers and business when I was put in prison for writing men. One man said, "She has in- an article to which the authorities obterpreted other nations rightly to jected. This was a serious event for us." Dr. Ozawa, Chairman of her me but Miss Macdonald visited me Board, spoke of her as "An am- many times and cared for my family, bassador from Canada to Japan, doing everything possible for us. She the best kind of ambassador that did InQre for me even than my own could be sent." relatives and the incident was re- ported abroad…… She thought Caroline Macdonald was indeed good and did good. I was much moved a friend of publicans and sinners, by her work and counted her as one and now in that "House of Many of my friends for life. I had no Mansions" we think of how much other such friend, even among the at home she is with her Master and Japanese. Saviour and with the ransomed and redeemed for whom He died. Miss Macdonald regularly visited four Tokyo prisons, but the one The Memorial Testimonies with which she was most closely connected was the Kosuge Prison, At the memorial service in Tokyo of Tokyo, to which men who had the Japanese carried out the cere- more than ten years to serve were mony with dignity and impressive- sentenced. Governor Arima, who was at Kosuge during the greater ness. The church, which seats soo part of the time that Miss Mac- donald visited the men there, people, was packed. In front of understood and appreciated her the pulpit a beautifully enlarged prison work better than anyone portrait of Caroline in cap and else; but the new Governor who gown was placed, draped with succeeded Mr. Arima was fully black silk, surrounded by wreaths convinced of the value of what she of flowers. Messages of sympathy was doing for the men, and read were received from the Home Min- this tribute at the memorial servister, Minister of Justice, Labor ice, which was held in Tokyo, at Party, the Women's Spinning the Japanese church of which she Guild, several of the universities was an elder. and women's colleges. Thirtyeight telegrams from various towns With deep humility, I address the throughout Japan were received spirit of Miss A. C. Macdonald. Crimand one from Mr. Soyo in Man- inals, objects of fear and hatred, churia. Judge Miyaki and his enemies of society, what hope have family were present, Mr. Matsuoka they for sympathy or understanding, and his family, the Vice-Minister who are they, that they should be of Foreign Affairs and Mrs. Nagai,

THE WHITE ANGEL OF TOKYO

given a word of encouragement, or struggle. All promise t'O try to live that a hand should be stretched out to lift them from their life of dull de- in such a way as to be worthy of all spair? But you know what they the sacrifices you have made for them. needed. Y'ou, a woman of culture and taste, left your far-away country to There are some who did not write, bring comfort and love to prisoners, to the outcasts 'Of society. You feeling that they could not put their brought the Word of God to those unf'ortunate 'Ones, not as one perform- grief into words. They offer you ing a duty, but as a mother talking with her children. During the past these flower,s as the most fitting seventeen years, thousands of prisoners have been strengthened and en- symbol of their gratitude. cDuraged by your inspiring advice and practical assistance. Only God and You have been taken from us, but perhaps the Governor of Kosuge can know what expenditure of thought we are certain that the seed you have and vital force was required for this stupendous labor of love. SD patiently and lovingly planted in At this moment, there are one hun- the hearts 'Of the men at Kosuge, will dred and thirty-two men in Kosuge who have been cDming directly under grDw and bear fruit, so be content your influence. When the,se men heard that their friend had left them, with the labor you have performed so never to return, it is hard tD imagine their grief and disappointment. In- well. ' deed I was so moved by their sorrDW that, to give them a little comfort, I Miss Macdonald's single-handed suggested that they write to you, tell- influence brought abDut a change ing y'Ou all that was in their hearts. in the general Japanese attitude I have collected these letters and am toward prisoners. Her sympathy 'Offering them today to your spirit. for them knew no limits and she would never admit that any human From these outpourings of the being was beyond reform. She dehearts of men who were rejected by tested cruelty with all her soul and the world and who have been given was convinced of the importance hope and comfort by your unending of kindness as an agent in reform. kindness, you can know the deepest of She was of tOD robust an intellitheir sorrow and affection. Some say gence to admit that criminals that they grieve for you as for their should be held irresponsible Dr that mother. Others confess that they are crime should not be punished, but only prevented by the recDllecti'On of she held that punishment failed if you from putting an end to their it ended as mere chastisement and was not directed towards the re- demptiDn of the criminal. ThDUgh she leaves no buildings or a great organization behind her, she has planted here a living seed which has taken root and will per- manently influence a part of the life of Japan.

CRIME IN AMERICA A,ND IN JAPAN YUSUKE TASURUMI, a Japanese authDr and political leader, expresses the view that Japan has not the widespread crime with which the pnited States is trying to grapple because of the powerful restraining mfluence of Japanese family life. The ingrained reverence f'Or parents in Japan has had its influence in restraining crime, and such reverence is not an outstanding characteristic of the present social life in America. While it may be argued that we have conditions which tend to foster crime that do not prevail in Japan, it must be acknowledged that a more careful observance of the Christian injunction to honor 'Our parents would I have a wholesome influen~e in America.

THE MODERN TRAFFIC IN IS'I'ANBUI

CONSTANTINOPLE AFTER A CENTURY BY THE REV. CHARLES T. RIGGS, Istanbul, Turkey Missionary 01 the Amtwiaan Board 0/ OQmmWtsio-ners lor Foreign Mi88ions O N JUNE 9, 1831, there ar- ambassador or minister; there rived in the Bosphorus, Wil- was not even a commercial treaty liam Goodell and his wife, or any treaty as yet with the ris- the first mIsSIOnaries to effect a ing Western Republic. No for- permanent settlement in the Otto- eigner of any sort was allowed to man Empire. Stations had been live in the old city of Stamboul, established at Smyrna and Beirut, south of the Golden Horn; only but both were then vacated. Con- Pera-the "beyond"-the new stantinople is therefore the oldest European quarter, was safe for mission station in Turkey with a them. Here the Goodells found a continuous and uninterrupted his- home.

tory. Everything was primitive in The pioneers on the deck of the those days. No steamers plied the Arne ric a n sailing-vessel that waters of the Bosphorus, save one brought them round the Seraglio that had begun trial trips to and Point into the quiet waters of the from Smyrna. Transportation Golden Horn gazed on strange was mainly by sail, or in the frail sights. Mrs. Goodell, and the two caiques, whose graceful pointed ladies that voyaged on the same prows have now entirely disap- bark, Miss Mary Reynolds, des- peared. On land, the only vehicle tined soon to become Mrs. William that could thread the maze of nar- Schauffler, and Mrs. Smith, wife of row, filthy streets was the ox-cart, the captain, were the first Ameri- or the buffalo-cart; horses and can women ever seen in the city. donkeys were used, and for heavy There was no resident American loads the lumbering camel; but 896

CONSTANTINOPLE AFTER A CENTURY ~97

nearly everybody went on foot. sand people homeless. Soon the No tram-cars, no European car- new missionary had to write of riages, not one bridge spanned the "frequent and dreadful conflagra- Golden Horn. The old city gates tions (and we call no conflagration in the fortifications on both sides dreadful which does not burn over of the Horn were shut tight each some ten, fifteen, twenty or more night, and all traffic stopped at sun- acres of compactly built houses at down. a time)." Volunteer bucket-lines could do nothing against such Today one sees a marvellous devastating flames. The only fire change in local transportation. companies were bands of villains Suburban trains on both European who drove a hard bargain with a and Asiatic railroads; a network man before they would help him of trolleys with feeder bus-lines; THE OI.D METHOD!; OF TRAVEl. IN- ASIATIC TURKEY automobiles everywhere; frequent rescue his house or belongings, and steamers across the Bosphorus, then often stole the best. and to all ports everywhere; motor-boats chug-chugging all over Contrast this with the brick, these quiet waters; connections by stone, or concrete structures of the air with the chief cities of Europe. present, and the motor fire-engines Speed, promptness and efficiency, and modern equipment that has qualities once almost unimaginable well-nigh rid the city of the terror to the Oriental, characterize the of great conflagrations. present day. Plague and cholera were fear- A century ago, man had not fully prevalent a hundred years mastered the destructive forces of ago, to say nothing of smallpox, nature. Within less than two scarlet fever, and other diseases. months after their arrival, Mr. Every year, from 1835 to 1838, and Mrs. Goodell and their two there was an awful visitation of little girls were burned out in a bubonic plague. In 1836, the great fire that made eighty thou- worst epidemic since the memo- rable one of 1812, took for a time '2

from 6,000 to 10,000 persons per of the Turkish Government was week, and is estimated to have de- at first friendly to the introducstroyed one-fifth of the entire pop- tion of "Lancasterian" schoolsulation. In 1837 two of the mis- a better system than any exist- ing in Turkey at that time. But sionary circles succumbed to the soon the Government's attitude be- came indifferent, and later openplague, despite rigid quarantines- ly hostile. This change was due the wife and infant son of the Rev. largely to the bitter antagonism of the Greek and Armenian Patri- H. G. O. Dwight. The greatest archs and the Grand Rabbi of the precautions had to be taken; and Jews, and to the scarcely concealed experience led to the discovery by jealousy and suspicion of the Rus- Cyrus Hamlin of a cure for cholera sian Ambassador, M. Boutineff. which he used successfully in many Finally, in 1839, this hostility cula case, and which, as "Hamlin's minated in the issuing of orders Mixture," was for decades the most· by Sultan Mahmoud himself for widely employed remedy in the the expUlsion of all the American world against this disease. missionaries. A despatch from the Sublime Porte to the American These dread foes no longer ter- Minister, Commodore Po r t e r , rify the inhabitants. It is many a stated that the Government could no longer be answerable for the long year since the last epidemic safety of the missionaries. The of either visited the city. Moslem Commodore took the surprising atfatalism has given way before titude that as the treaty of Amermodern pharmaceutics. ica with Turkey was merely com- mercial, he had no special duties Sultan Mahmoud II was on the regarding missionaries, but pendthrone when the Goodells arrived; ing word from Washington, he and though he had succeeded only would expect them to be given the five years earlier in ridding his usual protection. realm of the terrible Janizaries, and had instituted various re- The hand of the Russian Ambasforms, his absolute power was be- sador was evident in all this; but coming reactionary. Custom did the hand of the Lord was in connot allow anyone, foreigner or sub- trol; the Sultan died before the orject, to ride horseback while pass- der for expUlsion could be carried ing the imperial palace-all must out. Russian opposition to the dismount and walk. No umbrella Americans was due to the fact that or parasol could be raised in pass- the Tsar regarded himself as the ing it, no matter how fiercely rain protector and patron, the head and or sun beat down. Any "Frank," heart of the Orthodox Church, and or foreign lady, who dared wear a would brook no rivalry. The story green dress on any street, was li- has already been told of the famous able to be stoned, that being the conversation between Ambassador sacred color of Islam. Boutineff and Dr. Schauffler over the case of an Armenian perse- Turkey today is a most demo- cuted for his evangelical views. cratic country. One may wear The haughty Ambassador blandly whatever one pleases (save the stated to the American missionary: forbidden fez!). There is no royalty, and therefore no consequent restrictions.

In 1832, Mr. Goodell was joined by Messrs. H. G. O. Dwight and W. G. Schauffler. The attitude

CONSTANTINOPLE AFTER A CENTURY

"I might as well tell you, Mr. Gospel teaching attract those of Schauffier, that His Imperial Maj- open mind.

esty, the Tsar of all the Russias, As far as Moslems were con- who is my master, will never allow cerned, the death penalty was in Protestantism to set its foot in operation against any apostate Turkey." "And I, sir," was the from that faith. True, there were simple answer, "may tell you that times when the Government was the Lord Jesus Christ, who is my lax in the application of this meas- Master, will never ask the Tsar of ure, and some were allowed to be- all the Russias where He may set come Christians, and were even His foot." baptized. But the Sheriat, or re- Sultan Abdul Medjid, who came ligious law, required that they be to the throne in 1839, was a more put to death, and this was never liberal ruler, but his edicts of tol- abrogated until Turkey put aside eration at first made little differ- the religious law and adopted the ence in the bitter attitude of the law of other nations. For this rea- Armenian and Greek Patriarchates son Christian work among the toward those evangelically in- Turks themselves was very slow in clined. These persons still re- making an impression. mained members of the ancient churches as no Protestant organi- That was a day of very dim rezation had been formed. In fact, ligious light. Illiteracy was frightthe clearly stated policy of the mis- fully prevalent among all the races. Very few knew how to read, and scarcely any women. While the sionaries had been to form no new wealthiest class in all the Ottoman church, but to try by every friend- Empire were the Armenian bank- ly approach to help the clergy of ers, their wealth did not bring with the old churches to reform the cor- it any large amount of culture.

rupt practices and insufficient The value of human life was not teachings of those bodies, particu- highly estimated. Slaves, white larly by giving them the Bible in more often than black, were openly the language of the common peo- sold on the streets; and instances ple. It was only after long-con- were not rare where a poor man tinued and bitter persecution had would sell his own child in public.

culminated in the casting out by How different it is today? Since violent anathema of those who the compulsory introduction of the loved and read the Bible, so that new Turkish alphabet, everybody everyone was warned not to give between six and sixty has been them employment, help, shelter, or commanded to go to school to learn even food, that in self-defense these modified Latin letters. Those these outcasts were compelled in who failed to pass their examina- 1846, fifteen years after Goodell's tion are sent back for fUrther arrival, to organize into a new study. By no means everyone has ecclesiastical body, and seek the learned, especially in the country protection of the Ottoman Govern- districts, but it is some change for ment. The First Evangelical the people to have 10070 literacy Church of Constantinople, of forty as their distinct goal.

members, was followed by thirty One of the first duties of the other organized churches in the early missionaries to Turkey was next ten years, so rapidly did the the preparation of translations of

the Bible in the various spoken lan- latest work in this line being a new guages. A version in modern translation into modern spoken Greek existed, but had to be re- Turkish which is being issued in vised. In Armenian there was separate books in the Latinized nothing. A Hebrew-Spanish ver- Turkish alphabet. The four Gossion was one of the monuments of pels have already appeared and are the life of W. G. Schauffler. In being rapidly bought; the Acts is Turkish, the translation made in in progress. 1666 by Ali Bey, a man of Polish origin, had existed till 1819 only in The advance in Turkish liberal manuscript at Leyden; but Wil- thinking well-nigh takes one's liam Goodell brought with him to breath away. Not only have sev- eral Turkish translations of the NEW TURKI!;H WOMEN IN A CO-EDUCATIONAL, ilIISSION SCHOOL, ISTANBUL Constantinople the newly printed Koran appeared (till now consid- Turkish version of the New Testa- ered too sacred to be rendered ment he had made in Beirut and from the Arabic), but the Angora Malta, with the help of two devout Government has brought out a Armenian assistants. The Old Turkish translation of Ludwig's Testament he completed soon after "Life of Christ," and has allowed his arrival; but it was years be- the exhibition of the movie film, fore this was put into the Arabic "The King of Kings," under its characters then employed by the Turkish title of "The Life of Jesus." Turks. The Armenian translation, In this, as well as other ways, we by Dr. Elias Riggs, followed soon, see the passing of the era of faand later the Bulgarian. All these naticism. The present regime is strongly nationalistic, so much so have been repeatedly revised, the

that nationalism has become a and Prussia aided the Ottoman veritable religion. But in matters armies against Russia. A mere of faith, the present attitude is catalogue of the wars of the cen- rather that of indifferentism. The tury would be long. Each one giving of religious instruction to brought extra and special duties the young, under the age of six- and opportunities to the Christian teen, is forbidden; but this is missionaries to show the spirit of rather to prevent any anti-na- the Master, in relieving suffering tionalistic tendency than to safe- and want, caring for refugees and guard Islam. In fact, the teaching orphans, distributing Scriptures to of Islam to non-Moslem children is those who would take them. It just as much forbidden as is Chris- also not seldom brought privations, tianity. The former statement of isolation, suffering, and sometimes the Constitution, that Islam was danger and death to Christ's mes- the religion of the country, has sengers. But each has in the end been stricken out of the document. contributed to the opening of new Where formerly, on being asked doors and to freeing the minds of what he was, the average Turk people from narrowing prejudice would say: "Thank God, I am a and illogical hatred. Today the op- Moslem," today he will respond portunities for presenting the simply: "I am a Turk." 'spirit and message of Christ to all The century of missionary work the peoples of this land are widen- in Constantinople has been amid ing daily.

wars and rumors of war. Between It is useless to speculate on 1832 and 1839 came the great re- whether another year, or ten years, volt of Mohammed Ali, Viceroy of will grant greater freedom to the Egypt, when his son-in-law and representatives of our Master. We general, Ibrahim Pasha, repeatedly have today all the freedom we defeated the Turkish troops and need; and it is more to the point invaded nearly all of Asia Minor. to recall that our own opportunity Only European intervention pre- is today, not tomorrow; we may vented a Turkish catastrophe. not be alive tomorrow, or next Twenty years later came the Cri- year. Will the churches in America mean War, when England, France aid us to do our best now?

DEPRESSION AND SPIRITUAL VALUES A FRIEND of missions recently said: "I am interested in Chris- tian stewardship as the only road 1 can see to a new economic order. Much of the wealth of America is in the hands of church members, and certainly enough of it is in these hands to accomplish any purpose for God's Kingdom to which our hearts are set. There is nothing more certain than that the Kingdom of God can never come on this earth until the conscience of the Church has been stirred on this matter of property and income. Never has there been a time when membership in a church dedicated to the establishment of the Kingdom of God among men has involved greater responsibilities or been fraught with more difficulties both of thought and action."

A CHINESE MARKET TOWN

BY THE REV. CHARLES E. SCOTT, D.D., Tsinan, China Author 01 uChina From 1Vf.thin./' Etc.

W ITH an older missionary I young missionary can only butt his had been traveling for sev- brains out to no purpose against eral weeks, knowing little those stone walls of hoary custom. of the language and getting my We had gone to the Post Office first taste of country itineration. and had found no letters, and were In many places there was nothing about to step out upon the street that could be called a real road, when we encountered a Chinese. only a narrow path for donkeys He would have attracted attention and barrows; in others the deep anywhere. Tall, venerable appear- muddy ruts were a sight to behold. ing, elegantly dressed, he looked as I did not know the names of the if he might have been the brother villages; had no idea where we of Li Hung Chang. His whole at- were going, or what we would titude was one of command. But meet when we arrived. Our pro- more than that, the keen intelli- visions were about exhausted. gence of his face, with the benevo- One cold spring day we arrived lent expression-not too common at a market town and put up in in a heathen I and – especially an inn that seemed to be "the piqued my interest. In conversalimit" of repulsiveness. There was tion we soon learned that he was no guest chamber, and we slept the great man of that market town on the public kang, devoted to a and that he had a son, an only son, miscellaneous lot of guests. The for whom, as he proudly said, he loafers hung on waiting to see us had purchased an office in Chi-Ii get ready for bed. Province. He owned much of the The next morning even my com- place, and was very deferentially panion, though innured to incon- treated.

venience and hardship, seemed to Dreading the return to our shabthink that certain things had about by inn, I was not loath to accept reached their limit. For the first the courteous invitation to his time on the trip he called up our home, which we found, with all its cook and hinted a mild protest: courts and rooms, occupied ground "This water in which you have about an acre in extent. Chinese been washing our clothes smells heathenism, though much married, pretty bad. Can you not find any has no home. It was an establish- cleaner?" "But," answered the ment for himself and his concucook ingratiatingly, "You h a v e bines. In the guest room we saw been drinking this w ate r here. many indications of wealth. There Surely a cloth cannot be more par- were foreign clocks and foreign ticular than a stomach!" I no- gimcracks of every sort that Westticed that he was using a big stone ern traders had pressed upon him, trough of the inn yard in which or that fancy had prompted him to the animals were fed, as a wash add to his miscellaneous collection.

tub for our clothes. But what was A fine foreign bicycle was there– the use of remonstrating? A no one to ride it; also a German 902 stove that was without piping. the use of a large yard and house Things were covered with dust, for a school and church building. and thrown around in orderless That day after the meeting he reconfusion. It was more like a marked that he was glad he had lumber room than a place of phys- the privilege of putting his propical comfort. For such an estab- erty to such a use as that-considlishment is truly ignorant of what erable admission for a Confuit is to know the fine and tasteful cianist. touch of the hand of Christian woman, queen of her own home. There came a time when I learned that he was sick and ear- But what most surprised me was nestly desired to see me. He had to hear him say, "I have enter- been ill a month and lay quite still tained some of the older mission- and weak on his kang. After oraries. I consider them my friends, dering refreshments for us, he told and would be pleased to entertain us how his life was a failure; how, you !" It did not take me long to despite his successful investments decide that I would enjoy putting in real estate, with many profitable my folding cot into one of those returns, his heart was heavy and relatively high-ceilinged, c I e a n- unsatisfied; how he dreaded the walled, brick-floored rooms, opening into the attractive little court future; how his sins loomed very planted with shrubbery. Above all, large; it was right to confess the place was inaccessible to the Christ, but that he had not the hungry eyes of a ceaselessly star- moral courage to take the step in ing crowd. Our host insisted upon the face of his household and clan. giving us a feast and feast-like His distress was increased because food. We talked the Jesus doc- he knew that he ought to take the trine to him and found that he had step! He asked us to pray for him known of it for some time; but he that he might be given strength. was far from ready to decide for On a later trip he called us Christ. The world, with all its again, and his first words, after cares, too heavily encumbered him. It was another case of "choked the welcome were: "I have had a with riches." dream." Now an Occidental who has not gotten something of a During the years that followed, spiritual insight into the Oriental I came repeatedly to that town for is apt to think of these dreams of special meetings. The Christians the Oriental as nonsense. But had established a church there. dreams sometimes play a tremen- The kindly faced old patrician al- dous part in the decision-making ways insisted on my being his and even in the life-changing of guest, and on each visit I talked an Oriental. For example, there with him about Jesus Christ. I is a man, an elder and evangelist gave him the best Chinese Bible in my field, who was a notorious that I could find, which he prom- wine manufacturer, drinker and ised to read. He began .occasionally gambler. Then he had a dream in to meet with us, the first time when which he saw the mouth of hell on we gathered to partake of the the surface of the great plain Lord's Supper. He seemed visibly where he lives yawning open, and affected by this simple but solemn a mountain of flame leaping out. service. He had earlier given us Towards that flame, as drawn by a magnet, he saw a multitude of

people out of his own and the sur- we knew it was through the work rounding villages, rushing as fast of the old man) to buy at a greatly and as hard as they could; and he reduced price a large, roomy build- himself, in as mad a frenzy of ir- ing with considerable land around rational passion as the rest, also it, the plant located on a conven- running as hard as he could to- ient, near-by street. This would ward that fiery pit, to be engulfed be quite adequate for the needs of in its relentless, all-devouring the local organization, both as a depths. When he awoke from that worshipping place and a school- dream he gave up evil and became house; but our funds were inade- a Christian. quate. These the old man quietly Old Wan said, "I dreamed last helped to supply.

night that I saw H ea v e nand Shortly after, the Chinese pastor Jesus Christ, the Stainless Judge and elder at his urgent request, ("Stainless Judge" means much in made him a visit. Scarcely had a land of notorious official corrup- the w 0 r d s of salutation been tion) standing in the midst of it, passed, when he said eagerly: "I and He showed me a vision of hell wish to be examined for baptism."

with all its torment and the mul- In the course of the examination titudinous eyil things therein. The his head wife and some of his wom- Lord of all beings spoke: 'Which en folk came in, and realizing what do you choose?' and I replied: was in his mind, tried to persuade Lord, I am sick of my sin, and if him that he was not ready to take you can forgive me, I want to be- the step he contemplated. Firmly long to you. Then He graciously he waved them aside and in solemn said, 'I accept you; but you your- tones ordered them not to interfere self do not want to come empty with his fixed determination. His handed. Though you are almost a conviction of Christ was clear and burned out candle, you can still do sincere; and there upon the kang, something for me.' In fear and he was baptized and partook of with great sorrow, I asked: 'Lord, the Lord's Supper, for the first what can a burned out candle do?' and last time.

And He said: 'I will not call you A few days later he died, having 'to Myself now, but will wait a made peace with his Maker. His month, and you shall know what heathen family, greatly disturbed you can do.''' over his rash conduct, sought to Some forty people, members of ward off the curse that offended his clan, had united wit h the deities might bring down upon church. The building loaned by them, by giving him a grand fu- old Wan had for some time been neral – wherein was see n the used solely for school purposes and longest procession, the heaviest or- another, more accessibly located on nate coffin, with the greatest num- the main street, had been loaned ber of bearers, the most beautiful by a Christian merchant. But his banners, the m 0 s t bewildering business was there; the quarters variety of made-up animals and were full and the place was avail- giants and goblins, and the cost- able only at nights and on the Sab- liest offerings of placatory gifts to, bath. We greatly needed a church gods who could harm, that has building. Suddenly there came to been known in the memory of the us an unexpectedly fine offer, (and town.

BECOME

BY THE REV. JOHN STUART CONNING, D.D., New York N o STATEMENT is more fre- one Domus Conversorum to care quently made by Jewish for Jews who had become identified leaders when referring to with the cause of Christ. Rev. Christian missionary effort in be- J. F. de Ia Roi, a careful statishalf of their people than that it tician, estimated that 224,000 Jews is ineffective and almost wholly during the nineteenth century enbarren in results. Ridicule is tered the Christian churches of heaped upon those who seek in any Europe and America. And this in way to win Jews to the disciple- spite of the fact that very meagre ship of Christ. Attempts have even efforts were put forth in their bebeen made to estimate in pounds half. Such a result is greater by or dollars the high cost of "making far than was reported from any a bad Jew into a worse Christian." other part of the world's mission Unfortunately there are Christians field. A quarter of a million conwho in ignorance of the facts re- verts from ten millions of Jews is peat the assertions. a vastly greater result than three million converts from one thou- The fact is that from the begin- sand million heathen. In one case ning Jews in varying numbers the proportion is one in forty, in have, often at great cost, yielded the other one in three hundred. wholehearted allegiance to Christ. The results of Christ's brief per- In our own day there is a dissonal ministry have generally been tinct movement toward Christianunderestimated. We hear of the ity among Jews in certain parts of hundred and twenty in the upper Europe. Sir Leon Levison, presi- room, but forget the tens of thou- dent of the World's Hebrew Chrissands who came under His sway, tian Alliance, after a personal and who later formed the Christian investigation of what is going on, synagogues which were scattered wrote: "The age of miracles has over Judea and Galilee. In the not gone by. Ninety-seven thou- Christian churches of apostolic ori- sand Jews in Hungary alone aegin many thousands 'of Jews were cepted the Christian faith, in included. The "strangers" to whom Vienna seventeen thousand, in Po- Peter refers in his epistle were land thirty-five thousand, and in without doubt Jews of the disper- Bolshevic Russia sixty thousand sion who had become followers of Jews became Christians. We also Christ. The existence of an "Epis- found Jews turning to Christ in tIe to the Hebrews" bears convinc- Germany, Sweden and Denmark. mg testimony to the wide exten- Not a few have done likewise in sion of Christianity among the Great Britain." In America a care- Jews of the period. ful estimate places the number of Christians of the Jewish race at And since apostolic times there not less than twenty thousand. has been no age that has not seen many Jews owning the Messiah- Dr. Arthur Ruppin, the Jewish ship of Jesus. In the thirteenth pUblicist, whose bias is certainly century England had more than not toward Christianity, in look- 905

ing over the entire Jewish field tacts with Christianity. The dis- declares: "Even allowing for the appearance of the ghetto and pale, thousands and tens of thousands and the freerer associations of who succumbed to persecution, Ju- modern times are gradually wear- daism today should be stronger ing away the old antagonisms and than it is by millions and tens of bringing about a new state of mind millions, were it not for the con- more favorable to a consideration tinuous secession to Christianity." of the claims of Christianity. Jews Nor must we forget the high today are open-minded as they character of many Jews who have have not been for many genera- cast in their lot with the Christian tions. They are reading the New Church, since the days of Peter Testament and other Christian lit- and James and John and Paul. erature, listening to messages over What other mission field has pro- the radio, and occasionally visit- duced a list of distinguished indi- ing Christian churches. Most revoviduals that can be compared with lutionary of all is the changing atconverts among the Jews? We titude toward Jesus. Whereas for think of men in the nineteenth cen- long centuries His name was never tury like Dr. Paulus Cassel, Dr. Al- mentioned by reputable Jews, tofred Edersheim, Bishop Hellmuth, day He is widely acclaimed as a the HerscheIls, the Mendlesshons, prophet and as one to whom Jews the Margoliouths, Dr. Capadose, should give heed. Adolph Saphir, Joseph Rabinowitz, Do Jews become Christians? David Baron, Louis Meyer and Yes, always. Wherever Christ is hundreds of others. In America we fairly interpreted with sympathy think of men like Isidor Loewen- and understanding there is an enthal, the pioneer missionary to couraging response. If the results Afghanistan, who translated the have not been greater, the fault Scriptures into the Pushtu tongue lies mainly with the Christian for the people of that land, and of Church which has seldom been con- Bishop Schereschewsky who trans- cerned for the spiritual welfare of lated the Scriptures into Wenli for the Jews. Rarely has the Gospel the four hundred millions of China. been given a fair chance. Preju- But for possible embarrassment it dice, bigotry, injustice, and ill-will would be easy to mention many have too often hidden the face of prominent Christians from among Christ from· His people. But a the Jews of our own generation. brighter day is dawning. The Speaking of recent converts, Sir Church is gradually awakening to Leon Levison says: "Among the a sense of her responsibility. The men and women who have come bringipg of work for the Jews out from Jewry for Christ there within the program of the Interare many who hold university de- national Missionary Council gives grees, doctors of law, medicine, promise of a larger and fuller servphilosophy, science, literature, etc." ice than has hitherto been possible.

Nor should we fail to consider Over this long neglected field the the indirect results of Jewish con- day at last is breaking.

LAWYER'S CHRlSTIAN SCHOOL AT HADAPSAR, POONA

A REMARKABLE INDIAN LAWYER J. P. Bunter, B.A., LL.B., and His Labors of Love for Indian Farmers BY THE REV. D. A. YARDI, B.A., Poona, India I NDIA is a land of marvels, gious awakening among Indian especially in regard to her Christians is that Christian laystoried past and her record of men are becoming more and more lives of devotion and self-sacrifice. alive to their responsibility for the The spiritual life of the people of evangelization of India. Some India has been marked by heights years ago a National Missionary and depths that lead those who Society was formed and its first have the prophetic vision to see Secretary has now become the in the years to come promise of a Bishop of Dornakal. This Indian religious life even greater than Christian movement has spread that which history records. If the and has led to the foundation of Spirit of Christ can take possession Christian Ash ram s in various of the people of India, the latter . parts of the country. It has also glory of this ancient land will be led to the establishment of Chris- greater than any the former days tian schools by Indians. One of these was Miss Susie Sorabji's st. have seen.

The signs of this coming' day are Helena School for Girls in Poona already appearing on the horizon. and another outstanding example The people of the higher castes are is the Christian school of the late being slowly but surely led to see J. P. Bunter, an Indian barrister, in the Lord Jesus Christ India's in the same district. rightful guru and King. Many are Hadapsar is a large village, of beginning to realize that they can only attain pure individual char- nearly 7,000 inhabitants, about five aeter and true nationhood as the miles from Poona, the ancient capfollowers of the crucified and risen ital of the Pashwas. The school was started fifty years ago under Redeemer. the management of Miss Bernard, One of the effects of this reli- a missionary of the Church of Scot- 907

land. In 1913, when Miss Bernard thoughts behind the present diffiretired, the school was handed over culties to the great purpose behind to J. P. Bunter, a public prose- all our work-the driving purpose cutor and an ex-member of the behind all he undertook." Bombay Legislative Council. In his hands the school underwent a He was an ardent student of the great transformation. From be- Bible which to him was the living ing an idea it became an ideal; Word of God. It was the rock on from a mere educational project which he raised the structure of his life; all other knowledge to THE LATE J. P . BUNTER, B.A., LL.D. him was shifting sand. As the in- spiration received from Bible study it became prophetic of the future led other Inaian saints such as Indian Church. Pandita Ramabai and Sad h u Sundar Singh to work for the J. P. Bunter was the son of an Master in a way that has cast a Indian minister of the United Free halo of glory round their lives, so Church of Scotland and after grad- it led Mr. Bunter along that path uating from Deccan College,' he of self-sacrificing achievement that studied law and was admitted to resulted in the development of the the bar. He was a keen and able remarkable Christian educational lawyer and was awarded the institution at Hadansar. Dr. Ken- Kaiser-I-Hind medal. yon L. Butterfield, Counsellor on Rural Work, who came from Amer- Though by profession a lawyer, ica to India to study rural mission Mr. Bunter was, by vocation, one problems at the request of the Inof God's chosen evangelists. He ternational Missionary Council, realized fully the high calling to says of this Hadapsar school: which he had been called and, as one who knew him well, writes: This is one of the most promising "In every business talk he touched enterprises for helping village life on higher things – lifting one's that I have seen in India. I hope it can be developed as a great centre of light and leading for the whole group of adjoining villages. The village peo- ple are cooperating wonderfully. The Church is central as it should be. There is also the purpose for a wide range of helpful service. I hope it may prosper exceedingly.

In his recent book on "The Chris- tian Mission in Rural India," Dr. Butterfield, who is a Christian sociologist of high rank, remarks: It is not the Christian institutions of the western world that are to be imported into India, but the Christian spirit distilled from the life and teach- ings of Jesus Christ, and adapted and applied to the social purpose, the or- ganizations, and the policies of Indian social statesmanship in order to en- able this marvelous but beleaguered

A REMARKABLE INDIAN LAWYER

land of India, as it awakens, to play High civil, judicial and ecclesiits new rOle on the world's stage, the astical dignitaries, including the social pattern of the whole to be "es- Viceroy of India, the Governor of sentially Indian." Bombay, the President of the Bom- bay Legislative Council, the Bishop In some measure this is what the of Bombay, High Court judges and Christian school at Hadapsar has other Government officials, as well been attempting. as important commissions, such as . the Simon Commission, mission- The buildings, as Mr. Bunter aries, and merchants, have visited had planned them, were to consist the place and have unanimously of a school, a dispensary, a Church expressed their admiration of the Hall, and a library. There was work. It has also attracted the atalso to be a model hamlet for which tention of the leading newspapers land has been secured not far from of Western India. Lord Irwin, the school. The total cost of the after visiting the school, said: project was to be about $70,000, of which Mr. Bunter had received I was delighted to have an oppor- $40,000, a large proportion of tunity of paying even a flying' visit which was willingly donated by to this school, and of seeing somenon-Christians. All the leading thing of the work and of the spirit in men of the village today were once which it is carried on…… Most boys in the school, and the coopera- warmly do I wish it all success. tive society of the village, which is in a very flourishing condition, is Work of this nature among the conducted entirely by former stu- agriculturist class has great posdents of the school. The villagers sibilities for the Indian Church for have refused to have any liquor the agriculturists are the "steel shop in their village and many of frame" of India's vast population. them contribute out of gratitude to the annual expenses and to the Their entrance into the Christian fund for new buildings. fold will mean a new era in Indian Christianity, a new chapter in Very definite Christian teaching India's religious history. With is given in the school during the their advent problems of self-supweek and on Sundays which are set port will vanish and also the probapart for the study of the Word of lem of the Christian Mass Move- God and prayer. The beautiful ment. They will help the depressed chapel has a seating capacity for classes to find their rightful place about three hundred people. in the economy of village life. The poverty – stricken community of The position of the school is Christians, virtually ignored by strategic, for within a radius of the Government and despised by two miles there are seven villages their own countrymen, may then (including Hadapsar) and a total become a strong Christian compopulation of 40,000, and the vil- munity gaining their support from lagers are eager to send their chil- the land and not dependent on fordren to this institution. Com- eign mission charity. pulsory education, if put into effect, would make it necessary to The work undertaken by Mr. provide accommodation for 600 Bunter at Hadapsar is an example boys and girls from Hadapsar of what an Indian layman can do alone. and is worthy of support of all

Christians who have vision and school is first of all a Christian :faith. Now he has been called to school where pupils are taught the lay down this work at the age of Bible as well as other branches of fifty-eight. It is left for others to learning and are brought into livcarry forward to completion. ing contact with Jesus Christ. The school buildings were reared, as it The late Rev. W. C. Whiteside, were, on his knees and they bear for many years C. M. S. missionary eloquent testimony to the power of at Poona, said: "To me the work prayer and to the indomitable at Hadapsar seems prophetic of faith of God's devoted servant. the extension of the Kingdom of Prayer was the secret of his own Christ among the farming com- SOME OF THE TEACHERS AND SCHOLARS AT HADAPf:AR munity which is the bodily frame victorious life, the secret of which of the great country of India. he tried to impart to others. Until this great community has been brought under the inspiration The legal talents of Mr. Bunter of the Gospel, India's contribution were also readily placed at the to the Kingdom of Heaven will not service of others. A missionary be complete…… The work at who knew him for thirty years Hadapsar may prove to be one of writes: "For over twenty-seven the scarce, noted beginnings of a years we took to him all our legal mighty conversion of a mighty troubles, and never could he be incommunity." duced to take a rupee from us. After he had worked for years on The evangelization of these peo- some of our land troubles, necessiple became a passion with Mr. tating many visits to court and Bunter, and he bent all his energies much office work, I said to him: and resources to educating these hardy tillers of the soil. The "Do give us a bill for some of this work at least."

AFRICAN DRUMS AND THEIR USES

"Do you really feel that I should type, India would more quickly be give you a bill?" he replied. "If won for Christ and the independyou wish that I will do so." ence of the Indian Church would be less a subject for discussion at Reaching into his pocket he took mission conferences. By his death out a fifty rupee note and said, missions have lost a true friend, "Here is a bill if you must have one the Indian Church one of its most -put it into the orphanage." devoted sons, the Christian com- munity a spiritual leader of rare "I will never ask you again for merit, and the agricultural classes another bilI," I said, "as long as I an effective worker for their highlive." est welfare.

Mr. Bunter was not of the ob- Remember in prayer the work structive, criticizing, sneering, ob- begun and carried on by this detrusive type of Christian layman, voted servant of God and his but was in hearty sympathy with equally devoted wife, a work which the leading objects of the Christian ministry. While he devoted the he has been called upon to relinmajor part of his time to people quish before he could place it on outside the Church, he recognized a firm financial basis. Pray earnthe claims of the Church not only estly that help may be given by on his time but also on his purse, other Christian stewards in Amerand he laid whatever talents God ica or India to finish the work, and had given him at the feet of his that the people for whom J. P. Master to be used for the further- Bunter so selflessly labored may ance of His cause. If the Church be won to the Lord Jesus Christ. were blessed with more men of this AFRICAN DRUMS AND THEIR USES * BY REV. A. E. VOLLOR, Arua, Western Nile District, Uganda A:RICA is a land of drums. in a small round hole in the hut, or The rhythmic throb of the near by. The relatives stand big drum and the fascinating around in a rough circle, the womroll of the small ones that stir the en clapping hands in unison as they whole district at home, communi- wail out their sorrow. One of the cating itself to the feet or fingers, men may be tapping the drum. is the same in Africa. But there is There is the regular rise and fall a difference. There is no pleasure of the voices as one of their number in the African dance drum, but pours out her grief and the rest rerather terror. peat it in a kind of chant.

The grandeur of the dawn is On the morrow the dance begins. spoiled by the wail of the death cry. The death of a child is not much Someone has died and the cry tells considered, but many gather to of the agony of those who have no dance for one who has taken his hope, that are beset only by the share in the life of the tribe. The powers of evil. During the morn- more important the person the biging the body of the one who has ger the dance and the longer it died is buried in a sitting position lasts. People from all the clan col- lect. The chief mourners are • From Inland Africa.

daubed with white clay from head Often cow-skin is used, but the ear to foot. All the men are decked of an elephant is most sought after ,with cowriex shells and feathers because of 'its elasticity and duraand carry spears, bows and arrows. bility. The drums are of all sizes. Drums are placed in the center and Some are about as long and as beat practically incessantly for a broad as a man, others are three whole day, sometimes for several. or four feet high and nearly three The drum beats out a monotonous feet broad. They look very neat thrumming, the women and girls with thongs of different colors. At clap their hands, the sad chant con- the court of Uganda, on occasions tinues, while the whole assembly as many as twenty or twenty-five jog up and down, without lifting are beaten in harmony. One is their feet from the ground. The never complete by itself. noise of the dance largely drowns the voices except at intervals when In the Northern Congo, part of the song rises almost to a shout, or a tree trunk is shaped with a somewhen a change of drummers is what flat top and legs underneath 'made and the chanting and clap- the body. It is then hollowed, leavping is heard alone. ing surfaces on which to beat. Sometimes projections are left to Constantly throughout the day form seats for the drummers. men run out of the circle singly or These wooden drums give out a in pairs; fiercely poising their SUrprising amount of sound. spears and then throwing them at some evil spirit discerned in the Not all the drums in Africa are grass, they quietly return and used for heathen dances. On the others in turn go out. Arua Mission Station we use drums to call the people together They keep this up throughout for worship. Owing to the number the hot day till evening when beer of the meetings we sound different is served. Thoroughly exhausted, beats for different purposes, and they spend the evening in beer also have introduced a gong-acdrinking. It is well that night tually part of the wheel of a railfalls over the repulsive scene. way truck. It may not be as tune- ful as a bell but the sound is not The sound of the drum carries disagreeable. far in this land, and since on moonlight nights they continue till All through the week our drums morning, it is seldom that there is call men, women and children to no dance drum to be heard. school, Gospel meetings, catechism and Bible classes. On Sunday the The African is beset by evil spir- day breaks to the crash of drums. its in every circumstance and every Then the gong sounds for prayer. action. More than all he fears After the prayer meeting the sickness and death. He discerns Christians go out into the villages the hand of the evil one all around to invite others to the Gospel meetbut he does not know of the One ing. The drums call the people to who delivered us from so great a come and listen to the Old Old death, and doth deliver, in whom Story. Again the drum calls the we trust that He will yet deliver. villagers to Sunday school when native Christians instruct six hun- The drums of this part of Africa dred of their own people in the are hollowed sections of trees cov- Way of Life. ered top and bottom with skins, laced to each other by thongs.

STRENGTHEN THE HOME BASE *

D URING the past year, Dr. Christian civilization upon non- John R. Mott has spent much Christian thought and life will of his time visiting virtually never be christianized. "Only as all the mission boards of North men in business, commerce and America, the British Isles and finance, in the diplomatic and con- Scandinavian countries; attending sular service, in army and navy, in a chain of over thirty conferences exploration and engineering, in the of carefully selected groups of many other secular walks of life, leading students, both men and and travellers in their countless so- women, of the universities of these cial contacts-only as these lay- countries, and collaborating in men, by example, by advocacy and many gatherings of representative by every other exercise of their in- laymen of Europe and America. fluence, commend and illustrate the Fresh from these wide and varied Gospel of Christ can the Christian contacts and with an experience faith fully permeate modern life.

extending qver an average life- Such examples constitute one of time as a background, Dr. Mott the mightiest of all apologetics to analyses the present condition of discerning followers of non-Chris- the "Home Base" and makes some tian faiths."

definite suggestions for strengthen- But perhaps the most important ing it. necessity for enlisting laymen in Lay forces must be put to work. this undertaking is the fact that a Missionary societies have too few pagan home base cannot build a laymen under forty years of age Christian civilization in mission on their man a gin g boards. lands. "That is, if Christians of Younger men of business experi- Europe and America are to be of ence are needed to develop a "de- largest helpfulness in Asia and pendable financial base" and to Africa in the conflict with the opium conduct "this complex, world-wide curse, the drink evil, the traffic in undertaking" along sound business women and children, forced labor lines. Such active participation of or slavery, commercial exploitation laymen and laywomen of tried and robbery, the cinema at its business judgment, business habits worst and a devitalizing materialand wide business contacts is es- ism or secularism, then it is absosential in "generating confidence lutely necessary that we come to and enlisting the cooperation of closer and more successful grapple multitudes among the millions of with these and other evils in the lay members who today are totally Christian West. This can only be indifferent to the missionary ob- done as the lay forces of all our Christian Churches are called into ligation and challenge." Furthermore, unless I a y men action within the sphere of their everywhere take serious interest daily calling." in the world mission of Christian- The financial position of Chrisity, the impact of our so-called tian missions must be strength- ened. Dr. Mott summarized the • From The Internatio"al Review of Mis· matter as follows: sions.

3 913

We do not share with Christians compartments, rather than usherat home the right up-to-date facts. ing them into the all-inclusive We deal too much in generalities Kingdom of Christ. and by no means sufficiently with the living and the concrete. We We fall short of making real the fail to convey the impression of the vital significance and the congreatness of the undertaking. We science-shaking requirements of present mere fractions in contrast Christ's announced world purpose. with the wide range of wholeness How little we communicate the of the enterprise. We leave people sense of the splendor, the wonder, far too much shut up in narrow the superhuman in it all! "They denominational, national and racial shall speak of Thy Kingdom and talk of Thy power!"

THE GIFT OF KHAMA'S PEOPLE* W HEN the Scottish National special carving. Mr. Pilkington Memorial to David Living- Jackson, the sculptor, has now stone was being prepared at completed the group of figures in Blantyre, Chief Khama's people oak here reproduced. It is called sent £150 from Bechuanaland to "The Last Journey," and will be meet the cost of one of the histori- recognized as commemorating the cal tableaux which are the chief affection and endurance of the delight of visitors to the house. At faithful men who carried Livingthe request of the chief the grant stone's body through many perils was applied to the production of a from Chitambo's village to the East coast of Africa. • From the L. M. Ii. Ohronlc!e.

PART OF CARVING ON THE MEMORIAL TO DAVID LIVINGSTONE, GIVEN BY THE PEOPLE OF THE LATE CHIEF KHAMA ~b' BECHUANALAND

SUNDAR SlNGH AS 1 SAW H1M

BY HARRY W. NISSANKA, Lasaigaon, Nasik, India T WELVE years ago when I by the principal, the Sadhu spoke was only fourteen years old in Urdu, interpreted by Canon and a student at the Baptist Goldsmith, missionary to the Mo- High School at Colombia, I first hammedans in Madras. His text heard reports concerning an In- was, "Vanity of vanities, all is van- dian evangelist, garbed like a ity." This was the only sentence Hindu holy man, and preaching the he uttered in English. As we lis- Gospel of Christ with unusual tened we realized we were at grips power. We heard that miraculous with reality. Here was a message, experiences had attended his min- simplicity itself, which went istry. Then we learned that he was straight to our hearts. How vain, to visit Ceylon and we boys were how unreal, how wicked become on tiptoe keenly awaiting the Sad- the things of life when they fail of hu's coming. Imagine our delight the highest purpose! There was a when one day at chapel, our prin- man, said the Sadhu, who, by dint cipal, the R·ev. H. J. Charter, an- of perseverance, managed to ob- nounced that on the following tain an M.A. degree with honors.

morning Sadhu Sundar Singh was In his student days he was so poor to speak to uf!. that he could not afford an ordi- Long before the time advertised nary bottle lamp of the sort used in for the meeting, the Waldock Me- the poorest households of India, so morial Hall was crowded with an he collected a number of little fire- expectant audience of over three flies, tied them up in a piece of hundred. Minutes of waiting thin cloth, and by their light read seemed hours, so anxious were we his lessons and wrote his exercises.

to catch a glimpse of the man He was amply rewarded for his whose labors and sufferings for industry for in course of time he Christ had so thrilled our hearts. rose to be prime minister of a na- At length we heard the buzzing of tive state. But he had forgotten a motor car, and a tall, graceful the one thing needful. He had left figure draped in saffron robe, ad- God out of account. He became ill vancing with an elastic step to- and was at death's door. The Sad- wards the dais. hu was sent for. But the man The effect was electrical. Per- passed away into the unknown feet stillness fell upon the audience, with a cry of despair on his lips.

as though a vision from another "What was the use," asked the world had suddenly burst upon us. Sadhu, "of all his education when There was nothing fanatical in his God was left out of his life?"

appearance. On the other hand, His talk abounded in illustra- his countenance bespoke a holy tions. His parables and anecdotes calmness and gravity, radiating pointed di~ectIy to his chief lesson the glow of a perpetual communion and enforced it. He did not speak with the Saviour. long-not more than twenty-five After the hymn, "Let us with a minutes. But every word told. It gladsome mind praise the Lord for was like an arrow that pierced the He is kind," and a prayer offered heart with conviction.

915

At the close of the meeting, "I shall not occupy your time with everyone crowded around the Sad- useless talk about what I have seen hu to shake hands. Superstitious- and heard in my travels. The ly I pressed through the throng Apostle Paul says, 'Pray without and touched the end of his saffron ceasing.'" Then he began a most scarf, hoping to be benefited there- evangelical sermon on prayer.

by. But spiritual power is not ob- I still remember two of his illus- tained in that way. trations. The mother slaps her Two years passed away. Sadhu baby on its back to make it cry, Sundar Singh had visited Europe, and by crying expand its lungs so America and Australia; and on his that it may breathe more freely.

return to India must needs pass Just so the Lord smites us some- through Colombo. He was to times and we may cry out, but thus spend a few hours until the de- we learn to breathe more freely of parture of the train to India. A the atmosphere of heaven, prayer.

meeting was advertised at the Communion with God means God Tower Hall (on September 20, in us and we in God. Yet this does 1920 at 6 P. M.), one of the larg- not destroy our individuality. If est auditoriums in the city. The the iron is in the fire, there will place was cn~wded and I sat in the soon be fire in the iron. But the gallery at the farther end of the iron does not become fire, and the hall. The Sadhu entered, accom- fire does not become iron. At the panied by a number of clergymen end of the address someone asked and other Christian workers and him to what denomination he be- we sang the hymn, "0 for a closer longed. He replied: "I am a walk with God." After a few in- simple Christian. I belong to no troductory remarks by the chair- denomination. Denominationalism man, the Sadhu was called upon to is quarrelism."

speak. He was still the same * * * >I< * simple man we had seen two years before. Only this time he spoke In the disappearance of Sadhu in English. He told us that in the Sundar Singh while on his way to providence of God he had been Tibet Christianity has lost one of privileged to bear his testimony to its greatest practical exponents.

Christ's saving power in Europe, Lost? Nay, not so; for his ex- America and Australia. He said: ample will continue to live.

THE STORY OF MISS TSAI OF CHINA AS TOLD BY HERSELF M y FATHER had twenty-two We could have almost anything we children. He had two wives wished. Our home was large and· and a concubine and his po- had beautiful gardens with an sition was next to that of the gov- abundance of flowers and a lake ernor of the province. He was a in the grounds. As a young girl, man of wealth and of good char- I spent most of my time playing acter. Our household numbered Ma J ongg and drinking wine, payabout sixty, counting the servants ing a good deal of attention to fine -and each small child had a nurse. clothes. I loved my father and he

THE STORY OF MISS TSAI OF CHINA

loved me and gave me many pleas- book with me and held it inside ures, taking me every week to a my Bible to read during the servtheater. Once when he was very ice. I did not wish to pay any atill, I thought of the old Chinese tention to Bible teaching. One day idea that if the flesh of a child is a celebrated American was to take boiled and given to drink that the the service and my only thought patient will recover, so secretly I in hearing him speak was to learn tried to cut a piece of flesh from new English expressions-for I my arm. I had no idea how diffi- thought, if I am obliged to go, I cult it would be and it sickened will use the time to improve my me as I tried again and again with English and that will be my rea blunt pair of scissors to cut off ward for attending. I realize now a piece, but at last I succeeded and how much prayer was going up for my father really did get well. My me as I studied month after month. arm was very, very sore as I put Gradually the words of the Scripon ashes of incense burned in our tures began to sink into my heart private temple, and tied it up with and I felt anything but happy. a none too clean handkerchief, but I kept my secret for a long time, One day when I went to a servfor part of· this superstition is to ice the pastor said "Why is it that tell no one for a hundred days, some people who have heard the during which time the idols are Gospel over and over again are so implored to take notice of this sac- unhappy?" He drew the comparirifice. It took six months for the son that they were like a tree wound to heal. My father passed which had fallen and lay on the away about a year afterwards and ground, and under it were all manwhile we sUlI had enough of this ner of crawling creatures because world's goods, we were not as they loved to dwell away from the wealthy as before. light in the darkness. One day as I sat in a park, I remembered his I was greatly interested in my words and thought: I will see studies but was told that I would whether or not his words are true, not really be considered educated and moved a large block of wood until I could speak other languages. which was lying on the ground. I learned Latin and English in the There, to my amazement I saw a normal school but as I grew up I serpent wriggling its way out of wished to know more. I inquired the light and numbers of insects where I could learn more English all made uncomfortable by the light and a mission school was recom- shining upon them. It was then mended to me. There I made some that I realized that the Lord Jesus progress but when I wanted to was speaking to me and that I was have a special teacher for English, unhappy in the light He had given the lady, Miss Davis, who offered me because I was still in darkness to help me stipulated that the Bi- of soul. So I went to my room and ble must be the textbook. I said prayed: "Oh God, if there is a that I would rather study some God, help me." Then God met me other book for I was not interested and the light came into my life. in the Bible, but she was firm and so we began. I would not attend From that day I knew Christ as prayers until I found it was re- my Saviour and soon after made quired and then I took another a public confession and was bap- tized. I had not spoken to my par-

ents of my new experience but drag our family name into the asked a friend to write and tell dust." them because I knew they would be displeased. When I went home I did not get angry, but said a short time afterwards I found "Oh mother, Jesus is more to me my mother weeping and my eight than anything on earth." older brothers (I was one of the younger children), sitting around They wished to betroth me and the room like judges. My eldest my mother opened the treasure brother beat me. My mother con- chest and showed me all the fine tinued weeping day and night, for apparel and jewels I should have a week. I said, "Mother, the Lord upon marriage-but even these Jesus is so much to me that I can- could not supplant Jesus Christ not help but follow Him." I suf- My brothers stilI beat me at times fered much persecution, for my but gradually the Lord worked in brothers felt I had disgraced them their hearts and, one by one, they and often said "Sister, what have turned to Him. My mother became you done?" When I came to the seriously ill and we brought her table and asked a silent blessing to the Friends' Hospital. Miss Leait displeased-my family very much man, another lady and I fasted for and sometimes they were so angry three days after which my mother that they sent me away without a showed signs of relenting. Before mouthful. Often I spoke to them she left the hospital, she accepted about the Lord. He kept my heart the Lord. After that she tried to in peace and kept me from speak- help in the work in every way she ing hastily. When my mother was could. ill and I again asked her if she would believe, she said: "When I A proud sister who lives in am dead and in my coffin, and the Shanghai said: "Do not call yourlid put down, then and only then self a Bible woman, we do not will I believe in Jesus!" want one of our family to be known by that name. I only said "It is After a time, my favorite broth- most honorable to be a Bible womer, who still loved me, wished me an." to teach him Latin. As we sat in one of the summer houses near our "Then I cannot receive you into private temple in which were my home," she answered. scores of idols, large and small, I drew his attention to them telling "I am sorry if you cannot rehim they could not hear as Jesus ceive me but I must serve the Lord did to whom I prayed. Gradually with all my soul and strength," I he came to believe. It was then replied, "and to serve Him is my that my mother suffered most. She greatest joy." said "I cannot bear it, I cannot bear it; it was bad enough when I praise the Lord that now thiryou followed this foreign doctrine ty-one of my family have come to but to have a son of mine believe know the Lord and that He gives it, is too much to endure, I will me strength to tell my sisters of give you away to anyone, into any His great love. kind of home, just so you will not Miss Tsai is now doing fine work and is greatly used of the Lord among Gov- ernment school girls, knowing their trials and difficulties when they come out on the Lord's side. She herself has gone through the experience. Pray for her.

Present War in Europe tion and are open to persuasion

competing claims. This war, ,says Devere Allen in The American Friend, is being "fought The growth of anti-war sentiment in within men's minds; fought in the the Christian churches of England market place, the stock exchange and and America is heartening but in the banking institutions; in the dip- Europe this development has not been lomatic headquarters of the struggling nearly as rapid and widespread. nations; in the chemical and ammunition factories; in the contest to sway What can be done to avert the conmillions of youth toward different sys- flict for which the world seems to be terns; fought between a hundred preparing and rehearsing? minorities and the majorities that Salary Cuts and "No Retreat"

would hold them subject; fought in In these days, when many find that the clash of propaganda issued by their incomes have greatly decreased, clever snipers in pressrooms; fought when multitudes are out of employin the shop, the meeting hall and the ment and when contributions to street between the ruling classes and benevolent objects have been falling the revolutionary proletariat." War- off, it is natural that mission board making attitudes and practices hang executives and office staff should face over the European peoples and are not a reduction in salaries. Probably easily dispelled. none of these salaries are too large, Uppermost in people's minds are when we consider the cost of living and the responsibilities involved. wartime legends rather than the cold, S'ome Boards have adopted a salary real facts about war. Small nationali- ties and minority populations cry for basis so small as to mea'll real sacrifice justice and yet it is difficult to find and a threatened loss in efficiency.

the ideal for them. French rule in There is a wide range in the amount Alsace-Lorraine since the War has not paid missionary executives – from solved the Alsacian problem. The un- $2,500 to $8,000 a year, according to settled situations in other minority the board or society.

groups show the difficulty in adjusting The executives of more than one the status QU()o If the League of Na- mission board have agreed to a ten per cent reduction in their salaries, and a tiO'IIS becomes an instrument for peace- five per cent reduction in the salaries able changes in the status quo, peace paid to members of the clerical staff, will immeasurably be advanced.

Communism and capitalism are wag- rather than make a cut in the missioning war for supremacy in Europe. aries' salaries. The secretaries of the Montague Norman, Governor of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- Bank of England, recently said that sions have voted to inaugurate a sacriunless drastic measures are taken to ficial fund with a view to maintaining save the world, the whole economic the work abroad without reduction. structure will topple in a year. Soviet It is called a "No Retreat Fund." AI- Russia is viewed with a mixture of ready the voluntary contributions to fear and interest. Peace organiza- this fund, from the secretaries, office tions originally militantly opposed to staff and members of the Board, war have assumed a fact-finding func- amount to a considerable sum. Some 919

executives have cheerfully contributed moderator of the General Assembly of ten per cent of their salaries. the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., and president of the Federal Council of The secretaries of any mission board Churches of Christ in America. ca'nnot see the work threatened without concern and the Presbyterian The recent anniversary of Dr. Board has noted with anxiety a de- Speer's secretaryship of the Board of crease of gifts in recent years. If Foreign Missions was a very happy this should continue at the present celebration presided over by Dr. rate (about 9.6 per cent) during the Charles R. Erdman, president, and rest of the year, there would be a brief addresses were given by Dr. deficit of at least $330,000. Such a Lewis S. Mudge, Moderator of the deficit would almost certainly demand General Assembly; Dr. John R. Mott, a "cut" in appropriations for the com- Secretary of the International Mising year with a consequent loss to the sionary Council; Dr. J. Ross Stevenwork. It is already difficult for the son, President of Princeton Theological Christians on the field to support their Seminary; Dr. Arthur J. Brown, for share of the work. All appeals are to thirty-five years a beloved oolleague of be subordinated this year to the major Dr. Speer; and Dr. A. R. Bartholoneeds of the regular budget. This mew, for forty-four years secretary of will leave many urgent calls unan- the Board of Foreign Missions of the swered. Reformed Church in the United States. Expressions of thanksgiving, affection Careful examinatio'n will also be and esteem came from hundreds of made of the entire work, at home and friends and fellow workers in many on the field, to discover whether churches. Dr. Speer and Dr. Stevenfurther savings can be effected and son both called attention to the growth where and how funds can be used of the Foreign Mission enterprise durmore effectively. ing the past forty years. The work under the Presbyterian Board has in- The state of the world challenges creased threefold in the missionaries the Church to an increase of giving supported, and the budget fourfold, and sacrifice. This is a time of crisis while the membership at home has when the Church of Christ should re- doubled. Many missionary forward spond to the call for prayer and for movements have been inaugurated or sacrifice. enlarged during this period, including the Foreign Missions Conference, the Robert E. Speer's Anniversary* Student Volunteer Movement, the Lay- men's Missionary Movement, the Mis- The whole span of the Presbyterian sionary Education Movement and the Board of Foreign Missions has been International Missionary Council, and covered in the lifetime of two honored the Committee ·on Cooperation in secretaries, John C. Lowrie, who Latin America. In all of these Dr. served in the office for the first sixty Speer has had a large and active part. years, and Robert E. Speer, who has just completed forty years in the secre- Interest in Foreign Missions has taryship of the Board. This anniver- greatly increased during this period. sary was observed by a special noonday The spirit of loving and sympathetic prayer meeting conducted by the cler- cooperation at home and on the misical staff in the Board rooms on No- sion field has largely taken the place of vember 2d and by a small reception separatism, criticism and rivalry. Misgiven by the Board on the same after- sionary work has become more diversinoon. fied and specialized and more emphasis is placed on the special training of Dr. Speer has been president of the candidates and on promoting united policy and action through missionary MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD conferences. The world and its prob- for fifteen year·s, and has recently been *This editorial app~ars without the knowledge of Dr. Speer, our president.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

lems have vastly changed in the past What Orientals Think ofAmerica forty years but there are new opportunities .offered and new victories lie T HERE are 3,579 students from the ahead. Now is a time for clearer vi- five principal countries in the Orision, more complete consecration, new ent enrolled in American colleges and courage, more perfect faith, new ad- universities. Adding those who are vances, new struggles, new sacrifices not actually enrolled at this time, the and new triumphs in Christ. total number of the students from the Orient would easily exceed 5,000. Six years more of service as secre- From at least one standpoint, the tary of the Board lie before Dr. Speer presence .of these young men and before his retirement. Since we are women is significant in that upon their on the threshold of a great new era return to their respective countries in which the larger opportunities sum- they will form the class of leadership mon us to new forward movements, in various fields of activity, and they Dr. Mott suggested that when Dr. will be looked upon by their own peo- Speer is released from the responsi- ple as -interpreters of America and of bility of his secretaryship he may well Western civilization. It is important devote himself to helping to promote to know what attitudes these students true religious liberty across the world; are forming toward America and to prom.oting further Christian co- Western culture. operation in thought and action at home and abroad; to awakening and In order to inquire into the problem, enlisting the lay forces in the church; The Korean Student Bulletin sent out to writing the life stories of great a questionnaire to 100 representative Christian leaders and to convincing students from each of the following men of all nations that the claims of countries: China, Japan, Korea, the Jesus Christ are universal, essential Philippine Islands and India. Taken and supreme. We hopefully look for- as a whole, the opinions found in the ward to the coming years in our replies may be regarded as a crossfriend's life with confidence that they section of the Oriental students in will be the richest in service and the America. most fruitful for the Kingdom of God. 1. The first question asked was Look for January "Do you consider America as good a; you thought she was while you were Friends of THE REVIEW will be espe- in your oum country?" To this query, cially interested in the changes that 43 replied negatively, 33 in the affirmare to be made in our January number. ative, and 2 gave no answer. This im- Some of these are quite radical as to plies that more than half think Amerform and contents but we hope they ica to be worse than expected. will make THE REVIEW still more attractive and useful in promoting the The reasons given for unfavorable cause ()f Christ. answers are: No sympathy, no deep faith in Christ, hard to get jobs, race The January articles will present a prejudice, political corruption, moral review of the past year and the out- degeneration, vice, insincerity, disrelook at home and abroad by such writ- spect, materialism, lack of moral and ers as Robert E. Speer, William I. spiritual qualities, lack of law and Chamberlain, Kenneth S. Latourette, order and of opportunity, few Chris- Samuel M. Zwemer, John McDowell, tians, inj ustice, inequality, indiffer- John R. Mott and Arthur J. Brown. ence to religion, and commercialism.' Do not miss the January number. Of these seventeen reasons, race preju- dice stands at the top in frequency, Plans for the coming year make an and lack of spiritual life or materialespecially attractive program which ism comes second. can scarcely fail to prove of great interest and help to everyone interested The favorable replies give the folin the progress of Christianity. lowing reasons: Educational advan-

tages, American idealism, hospitality, Any God-called and Spirit-filled man kindness, friendliness and wealth. or woman may do a wonderful work 2. The second question asked was, in a God-appointed task. It is not "Has your Christian faith been education or talent or physical health strengthened since you came to Amer- or personality, that insures success, it ica?" Thirty-eight replied affirma- is the power of God in the life.

tively, 31 in the negative, 8 stated no Three general types of missions are change had occurred, and 6 gave no conducted by representatives of the answer. The reasons given for favor- Christian Church in foreign lands.

able answers were: Superstition elim- Some of these types change from time inated; learned more of Christianity; to time-a sort of transmutation of Christian culture; contact with good the species.

Christians; atmosphere of American First, there are the general denomi- environment, religious influence, national missions, such as the Church church attendance, feeling of helpless- Missionary Society and the Presbyte- ness, Christian atmosphere at «allege, rian Board, with definite home con- Christian homes, need for r~ligion stituencies, administrative boards at stronger here, learned to take life the home base, and several depart- positively, and personal religion. ments of field work-institutional and The reasons given to account for evangelistic. These societies differ their decreas~ in Christian faith since greatly in the amount and character their arrival are: Lack of real Chris- of their institutional work and in their tian faith, study of social and natural emphasis on evangelism. They gen- sciences, race prejudice, Christian erally build up churches on the field teachings not practiced, narrowmind- with doctrines, government and wor- edness, heavy school work, American ship similar to those in the home land. indifference to Christianity, little con- Second, there are the large non-de- tact with Christians, genuine Chris- nominational or interdenominational tian spirit lacking, church sermons of missions like the Y. M. C. A. and the little value, American churches too Near East colleges, with a le"s de- superficial, unbrotherly attitude of fined home constituency and with more Christians, American environment not administrative responsibilities on the conducive to spiritual growth, hypoc- field. These organizations usually de- risy. materialism, true Christians few. vote thei!' energies to institutional childish controversy over theological work-educational or social. They do dogmas. not form independent churches and, as a rule, do not emphasize evangelism.

Principles of "}'aith Missions" Some of them are endowed and re- ceive large subsidies from national To any student of missions it is governments.

clear that God works and has worked Third, there are the so-called "Faith through the ages, working through Missions." like the China Inland Mismany instruments and agencies and sion, and Donhavur Fellowship. They has accepted the services of many men are independent and evangelistic and and women who have been discredited have no definite denominational con- and rejected by human courts that un- stituency behind them. In many cases dertook to speak for Him. There are their governing boards are on the field, responsibilities that He has placed while cooperating councils promote upon us and there are standards that the work at home. Many of them do He has set for us. These we must study not establish institutional work but and follow if we would be partners limit themselves wholly to preaching, with Him in the great work of win- evangelism, the education of children ning men to Christ. The greatest re- of converts and the training of native sponsibility placed on Mission Boards Christian workers. Some of these is in the selection of missionaries. missions establish no indepell(~ent

churches on the field but advise con- evangelization of the whole world. The verts to join those already founded by China Inland MilSsion has recently denominational missions. adopted a plan to turn over to the Chinese church the work in the older In the midst of the present financial stations and to send their available depression at home and of unrest and missionaries into new territory. opposition in the mission fields, it is interesting to note that some inde- 3. Many of the workers in "Faith pendent evangelistic missions seem Missions," being in the newer fields, generally to have suffered less from have fewer comforts than are enjoyed de.1cits than the other two classes of by missionaries in the larger centers missions. Some are particularly that are in closer contact with civilizastrong-like the China Inland Mis- tion. The workers receive small salsion, Christian and Missionary Alli- aries and many live on a community ance, the Africa Inland Mission, the basis, sharing what funds are avail- Egypt General Mission and others. able but without guarantees. Many of There are lessons that these independ- them endure severe hardships, characent workers can learn from denomi- teristic of pioneering and believe that national missions-lessons especially such sacrifices are inherent in true in cooperation, comity and building missionary life. strongly for the future. Are there not also lessons that larger denominational 4. "Faith Missions" are convinced and interdenominational missions may of the lost condition of all men apart learn from these smaller bodies-at from Christ. They believe that no huleast lessons in emphasis? man merit or good works can save a soul and that since eternal death is the 1. "Faith Missions," as a rule, put wages of sin, all men must accept the almost all their emphasis on evangel- Gospel or be forever lost. ism and they very strictly limit the amount of institutional work that 5. "Faith Missions" insist on absothey undertake. They believe that lute faith in Jesus Christ as the eterthe great commission of Christ was to nal Son of God and the only Saviour be His witnesses, to preach the Gospel of men through His sacrifice on the rather than to establish Christian in- Cross. Their theology is strictly constitutions where educational, social or servative. In most of these missions industrial work absorbs a large part every officer and worker is required of the funds and energies of the mis- to subscribe to the doctrinal basis sions. There is a growing feeling which includes: Belief in the full inamong many Christians, at home and spiration of the Scriptures; the Trinabroad, that denominational missions ity; "the fall of man"; the atonement are becoming over institutionalized so through the death of Christ; justifithat money and strength that should cation by faith in Christ; the resurbe used for direct evangelism j.s used rection of Christ and of all the dead; for educational or social work. This and in eternal life for the saved and latter is a ministry greatly needed but eternal suffering for the lost. of secondary importance. 6. "Faith Missions," largely as a re- 2. "Faith Missions" generally have sult of foregoing, put great emphasis in view the unoccupied fields. They on prayer and the guidance and power are pioneers and as a rule these socie- of the Holy Spirit. Consistent and ties were formed for the purpose of successful "Faith Missions" depend opening new territory-such as inland upon prayer as the great resource in China, Africa or South America. the selection of workers, in the secur- They aim to reach the most inacces- ing of funds, in planning the work, for sible fields and the most neglected the opening of closed doors and the classes in older fields so that they may, overcoming of opposition; for protecas speedily as possible, complete the tion of life and property, for the prep- aration and winning of converts, and

for the selection and equipment of na- Denominational missions, no doubt, tive workers. Some accept "faith healing" and depend on special guid- by the study of "Faith Missions," may ance; many refuse to ask openly for workers or funds to support the mis- be impressed anew with the value of sion. a definite objective and fixed stand- Many of those associated with denominational church missions accept ards; they may put greater empha- many or all of these principles of faith and practice but they are not usually sis on the authority of the Bible as required as inherent in the organization and all its members. the Word of God, on the prime im- 7. "Faith Missions," as a rule, be- portance of evangelism in every de- lieve in the imminent Personal and visible return of Christ to earth as partment of the work; on the need for foretold in the New Testament. They, therefore, believe that the world will more pioneer service in unoccupied not become wholly Christian, that the Kingdom of God will not be universal- fields; on the need of all men to rely recognized through a gradual process. Their hope is not in human or- ceive life through Christ and His ganization but the personal return of Jesus Christ to reign and to subdue atonement; on complete dependence all things to Himself. This belief does not create pessimism Dr cause a tend- on God and His guidance through conency to sit idly and await the Advent; it gives courage in the midst of apos- tinued prayer and the Holy Spirit and tasy and persecution and leads to dependence on God, and unquestion- on the blessed hope for the return of ing obedience to Him and faith that He will establish His Kingdom on Christ to establish His Kingdom. earth in His own appointed time. After all there is only one Church, of "Faith Missions" have not, by any means, a monopoly of these convictions which we are all members; one Head and may learn from "Church Missions" many equally valuable lessons, which whom we all honor, and one Spirit on some of them have apparently .overlooked. Most of the outstanding Chris- whom we must all depend for guidance tian missionaries and most of the work of winning men to Christ have been and for power. – connected with the "Church Missions." Many "Faith Missions" fail to recog- Need in the Dutch East Indies nize sufficiently the value of effective organization, of Christian institutions, A missi'Onary in Malaysia writes to of definite campaigns, lessons in busi- the Editor as f'Ollows: ness efficiency and adequate support of the work. They may learn tolerance "A short article in the May REVIEW, without disloyalty, and that faithful- is by my friend the Rev. J. A. Jaffray. ness does not inv:olve suspicion of others. They may learn the value of "After careful investigati'On the east cooperation and the truth that the coast of Borne'O has been chosen and Spirit 'of God works through many several missionaries .of the Christian different agents and in many different and Missi'Onary Alliance are now workways. ing there among Chinese and Dyaks. The important city of Makassar has been decided UP'On as a celJlter, and work has als'O been started am'Ong the Chinese on the islands Bali Sambah in Saembawa.

"I write t'O support Mr. Jaffray's request f'Or the w'Ork in Balik-papan, Samarinda and Makassar. They repre- sent places of midnight darkness.

"The work among the Chinese in Makassar has now been started through a gr'Oup of missionaries en- couraged by Mr. Jaffray. In Sura- baya (a, city in which are living 265,872 Javanese), Christian mission- aries have been working for years.

"The Chinese in Bali number 7,645, n'Ot 'some hundreds of th'Ousands' (page 701, September REVIEW).

"DR. N. A. C. SLOTgMAKERDE BRUINE."

fmODS fOR WORKf4

EDITED BY MRS. F.!. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK GIFT GIVERS Magdalene: "But I don't have much to spend at Christmas anyway so I (A Christmas Missionary Playlet in guess you need not count on me for Two Scenes) anything."

By J. NEAL GRIFFITH Edna: "I don't have much either but when I think how disappointed Scene One they will be I want to help a little."

Place: A Young Women's Mission- Miss Miller: "Now, girls, you have ary Meeting. given a good reason why we should send the boxes but not the best. Re- Setting: Home Furnishings or a member that the true secret of a hap- Church Classroom. py Christmas is sharing it with others. Magdalene, I'm not ,so sure that the Characters: Miss Miller, the Coun- people 'of foreign lands don't give us cillor; Magdalene, Grace, Edna, Caro- anything. I hope you will think it line and others. over and change your mind."

(As scene opens the meeting is in Scene Two progress. If the time is limited the dialogue may begin at once. If more Time: Christmas Day. time can be used have a missionary Setting: A davenport or large easy hymn, Scripture, prayer or special chair at one side of the platform with numbers precede it.) a telephone near. The other side of the platform should have a table with Miss MiUer: "Well, girls, I think a number of unwrapped packages and you all know what our big work is this boxes. evening. It is one in which I am sure Characters: Magdalene; representyou should all be interested." atives from various countries, if pos- sible, wearing the costumes of their Caroline: "Of course we know and native land, or in plain robes. we're all realy to help." Magdalene: "Well, this has been a busy Christmas Day and I have had Magdalene: "Don't say 'we,' for such a lot of nice gifts. But I feel so I'm sure I can't imagine what it is." sleepy I guess I'll sit down and rest a minute." (Sits down and falls asleep.) Edna: "Why, Magdalene, don't you (Spirit from China enters and know that this is November and it's speaks as she stands by the packages.) nearly the middle of the month?" China: "You said that Caroline gave you this vase today but I wonder Grace: "Yes, and if we don't get our if you know where it really came from. Christmas mission boxes sent soon Months ago we labored in China to they won't reach the mission stations decorate this glass for your room. in time." Perhaps you forgot the long hours we work at a very small wage that you Miss MiUer: "Yes, of course, that's might have these pretty things. We what I meant." make them for you and yet have so little for ourselves." Magdalene: "Well, it may be the time but I can't see why we should put ourselves out to send Christmas gifts to people who never give us anything."

Caroline: "But think how disappointed they will be if nothing comes this year."

Grace: "Yes, and we've always done it."

925

(She retires and Porto Rico ap- estine and Arabia, was the scene of pears.) the Old Testament stories and the Porto Rico: "I think you forgot us blessed Christmas Day you love so when you thanked your brother for much, celebrates the great event that this box of candy. Down in Porto happened in a little town in what is Rico we labor very hard in the sugar now a mission field. What if we had cane fields. The sun sometimes seems kept that story to ourselves and had unbearable but we must not stop be- never told it to you who live in the cause we must raise the sugar for West? We have given you the knowl- YDur delicacies. We are oppressed by edge of the greatest Christmas gift superstition and pleasures are so few of all."

that we feel bad when your gifts do (Representatives of all the countries not come." retire. Magdalene awakes, sits up and (Porto Rico retires and a Negro rubs her eyes.) girl from the South enters.) Magdalene: "Why I must have been Southern Girl: "I'm glad that you sleeping. I must have dreamed for I liked the cloth for your new dresses felt as though my gifts had been talk- for we worked hard in the cotton fields ing. I'm going to call Mi·ss Miller."

this year. We try to be happy but (Takes up telephone and calls num- sometimes we get discouraged for the ber.) "Hello . . . Oh Miss Miller, I've gifts to some of the missions have had the strangest dream just now and been so reduced that the little schools I think I know now what you meant have been discontinued; we cannot last month when you said you weren't afford to hire teachers." so sure that we did not receive our (She retires and an Indian or Es- gifts from people of other lands. You kimo boy from Alaska enters.) know I think that everything I got for Alaskan Boy: "It was your father Christmas this year really came from I know who paid for the fur neckpiece someone who waH not so fortunate as you received far Christmas, but we 1. I'm terribly ashamed that I didn't boys in Alaska were the ones who help with the gift boxes this year. I walked miles through the snow t'O set want you to know that I'm starting the traps where the fur animal was right now to plan for next year …

caught. Now we hear that some mis- You're happy? .. Well, I'm happy too sion hospitals are closed fDr lack of but I think that next Christmas will funds to carry them on. This will be be much happier than this one was …

a bad winter for us." What? .. Oh yes, of course I'll tell the (Japan enters as the Alaskan boy girls all about my dream at the next retires.) meeting. Good-bye."

Japan: "Do y'Ou know, it took a (If the lights can be lowered while the good many aching backs and tired feet various gift givers speak, it will be efand hands to care for the silk worms fective.) and to watch the looms that wove the HELPS FOR MISSION STUDYsilk scarf you have there? Even the BOOK PROGRAMS little children in Japan have to work very hard and we seldom have for our Quoted from God and the Census own any of the nice things we make "We created the Indian problem"

for you." said someone at the Washington Con- (An Arab or a Hebrew child en- gress, "by stealing the Indian's land.

ters.) And we created the Negro problem by Arab: "I see that someone gave you stealing the Negro to work that land."

a fine Bible. Did you ever think where (Page 81.) it came from? I know that it was When we get to the point where we printed in your own country but don't are emphasizing again the things you remember where all these things which divide us; when, for the sake happened? My land, 'Syria and Pal- of denominational position or personal

METHODS FOR WORKERS

glory, we confuse children in the faith There is no particular reason for with differences which, if they really believing that a young man will love mattered, Christ himself would have the Japanese in Tokio if he abhors the clarified explicitly, is the fine flame of Japanese in Los Angeles.

{Jur spiritual zeal not dying down? "We must find God again and walk (Page 144.) His way." (Page 155.) "We wish once more to say what the Most certainly we cannot expect a Home Missions Council has repeated- quickening of spiritual power in either ly said, that we are convinced that the young or old until God has a more time has come to eliminate competi- real place in our lives. And this must tion in home missions. We are un- be not a gener~ process operating equivocally opposed to the use of through organization propaganda, but mission funds for the maintenance of a definite experience in the heart of competitive enterprises." (Page 148.) each one of us. The Washington Con- "For a century the church in Ameri- gress quoted the words of Stanley ca labored under the conviction that Jones, "We cannot go further until we it must expand and press on. If that go deeper," and continued: sense of imperative need has been lost, "The band of men who nineteen we must recreate it in the church." hundred years ago went out to trans- (Page 150.) form the world were moved by the The quality which has been lost out conviction that there is but Qne 'name 'Of our giving is the giving of our- under heaven given among men selves. We have talked about giving whereby we must be saved: That con- what we possess. As a matter of fact, viction had been born in them of a often we have made our cOlLtributions great personal experience. They had to the cause of Christ out of what has known Christ and he had made their been left over from automobile tires, lives pageants of triumph in him.

parties, clothes, cosmetics and chewing Through him they could do all things.

gum. We have forgotten that the Him, therefore, they believed to be cross of Christ can go forward only sufficient for the transformation of upon the sacrifices of his people. God all their fellowmen ….. .

does not want us to do the easy thing; "Wanted, Faith in Something."

he calls on us to do the hard thing. He (Page 158.) does not want the time which we call Our missionary pI'oblems will be spare time; he wants the time which solved when our spiritual problems will really cut into our lives. He does are solved; when you and I live daily not ask us for contributions we can as in the sight of God. Our budgets afford to make; he asks us for con- are bankrupt because there are so tributions which mean a sacrifice when many of us whose spiritual lives are we make them. Just before Walter bankrupt. We count our houses, our Rauschenbusch died, I heard him lec- lands, our cars, our books, our stocks, ture. To facilitate the asking of ques- our bonds. We count everything and tions, inquiries were written upon everybody, but we do not count God.

slips of paper and passed to the plat- (Page 158.) form. The first one read asked, "What When those who count themselves does the church most need today?" His followers. begin to count Him in Like a flash came the answer, "The their own lives, then He will be restoration of the cross." (Page 151.) counted throughout the life of the If you cannot give yourself, the rest world. (Page 159.) does not count. It may be a gift of service in the church or in a mission, QUOTATIONS or it may be a gift of funds, but you , (Various Sources) cannot give really except of yourself. "We can be sure that humanity will Only through such giving can the not let many churches die which serve Kingdom of God go forward. gnat human needs. If it carries out

the program which Jesus made the "Without a large body of independtest of a judgment day, the church in ent and self-respecting farmers, and the wildwood will flourish into that with her city populations demoralized day." (The RuraL BilLion, page 143.) by idleness, vice and luxury, Rome was in a position to fall a prey to the more "As you ride along the highway or vigorous invaders Qf the north."-J. walk across the countryside take M. Gilbert. thought of the man who plows in the field or sells garden truck at the road- GOD, LOW BROODING ON side stand. Consider the food upon your table and discover its price, not THE DEEP in cents but in toil and hardship." (The Rural Billion, page 148.) Prize Song, Music by Laura Baker Long; Words by Harry Webb Farrington "Give a thought to the injustice done to boys and girls who crawl on This music, composed by Mrs. Laura hands and knees in the beet fields Baker Long, of Philadelphia, won the across damp loam and pull weeds with award offered for the most appropriate hands that should fondle a toy." (The tune written by any member of the RuraL Billion, page 148.) methods classes in three Qf the largest summer institutes in the United "Humanize this problem in arith- States. We congratulate the Philadelmetic, if it costs the farmer ninety- phia Interdenominational Institute. four cents to produce a bushel of r a. ……

l1D~- eo… 1')t…… ,…,'( soul 0.- ,let-p, A." ~ive 'rile …. -. ~ wheat which sells for sixty-five cents, GOD, LOW BROODING ON THE DEEP how long will a calic'o dress last the farmer's wife?" (The Rural Billion, God, low brooding on the deep page 148.) Until awakes the earth, The Motto of Benedictine Monks in Hover near my soul asleep the middle ages, "By the power of the And give me holy hirth. Cross and the plow." Cruce et aratro. Spirit, touching bush aflame Happy the man who from ambition freed In lonely desert place, A little field and little garden feed; Grant me courage in Thy name The hardened thrones to face. The field does frugal nature's wants Lightning, from Mount Sinai, stern, supply, Soft-tempered in the shrine, The garden furnishes for luxury, Make the altar coals to burn And daily kindle mine. What farther specious clogs of life re- Dove in air at Jordan's stream, main, Angel in wilderness, He leaves for fools to seek, and knaves Watch beside my cross's beam to gain. -Abraham Cowley. And guide mid hostile press.

"Farming is not only the most an- Mission's Torch, disciple's Tongue, cient, but the best of all profes·sions, In brothers' one accord, for divine nature made the country, but man',s skill the town.-Varro (3d Herald peace, good-will among book on Agriculture.) The nations of our Lord.

FOR OHAPTER IN "CHRIST COMES MY PRAYER TO THE VILLAGES": HE HEALS THE SICK By ELSIE JANIS HYMN God, let me live each lovely day, So I may know that, come what may, (Any long Meter Tune) I've done my best to live the way At even ere the sun was set, You want me to. The sick, 0 Lord, around Thee lay; Forgive me if I do not pray 0, in what divers pains they met! The ultra-sanctimonious way 0, with what joy they went away! In church on every Sabbath day, Once more 'tis eventide, and we As some folks do. Oppressed with various ills, draw near; Just let me know if I should stray, What if Thy form we cannot see? That I may stop along the way We know and feel that Thou art here. At any time of night or day o Saviour Christ, our woes dispel; And talk to you.

For some are sick, and some are sad, A MESSAGE OF FRIENDSHIP AND ApPRE- And some have never loved Thee well; CIATION TO THOSE WHO HAVE MADE USE OF THE METHODS DEPARTMENT And some have lost the love they had; DURING THE PAST THREE YEARS And some are pressed with worldly care; It is with real regret that I have And some are tired with sinful doubt; found it necea-sary to resign from the editorship of this department because And some such grievous passions tear, of the demands of another line of work That only Thou canst cast them out; to which it would seem God has called me. And none, 0 Lord, have perfect rest, And none are wholly free from sin; I wish to thank the hundreds of my readers in England, Wales, Scotland, And they who fain would serve Thee best Australia, Mexico, Korea, Persia, Can- Are conscious most of wrong within. ada, and the United States, who have through these years heartened me o Saviour Christ, Thou too art Man; with their kind letters. My only re- gret is, that I did not serve you better. Thou hast been troubled, tempted, tried; Thy kind but searching glance can scan May the year 1932 be for you a year of great spiritual growth by reason of The very wounds that shame would the indwelling of the Holy Spirit as hide; Guide, Teacher, and Interpreter.

Thy touch has still its ancient power; MRS. F. I. JOHNSON. No word from Thee can fruitless fall; Hear, in this solemn evening hour, And in Thy mercy heal us all.

-Lutheran Common Service Book.

ON THE INDIAN ROAD BY PEARL D. LONGLEY, Markapur, India I love to meet the common folk Who travel the Indian road, Whose feet are dusty, Whose backs are bent Beneath their daily load.

The women who come in the early morn To glean in the harvest fields, Whose hands are gnarled By humble tasks, Such tasks as poverty yields.

The men who work in the fields all day, Whose stride is firm and strong, Who stop for a chat Or a friendly word Nor wish to hurry along. 4

The man with a little tired child Swung on his IIhoulder high, With her chubby hands In his matted hair Who smile as they pass me by.

There are children trooping along to school, There are others who cannot go Whose bodies are thin And bent with toil Whose feet are tired and slow.

At evening, when the sun is low, Bearing their loads of grass, Come friendly women, Who peer at me And talk to me, as I pass.

There are travelers there of every kind Of high estate, and low, Some are gay And some are sad In the highway's ebb and flow.

I sometimes meet a scornful one Whose heart is full of pride, Who passes by With garments drawn, As I step to the other side.

But most of the folk that I meet on the road, Will answer smile for smile With such as these The Master loved To talk and walk the while.

He loved to talk and walk with them, For their hearts were simple and kind, He shared their sorrows And healed their ills, He opened the eyes that were blind.

And so He will meet the simple folk As He travels the Indian road, He will wipe the dust From their weary feet .And lighten their heavy load.

He will enter their homes as in Galilee, Their humble food He will share, And His glory and love Shall shine in those Who truly meet Him there. -Froin The Baptist Missionary Review.

BEST METHODS FOR NEXT YEAR It is with sincere appreciation for her helpful cooperation in supplying "Meth- ods for Workers" for the past three years that we bid God-speed to Mrs. F. 1. John- son as she turns from this department to take up other important responsibilities.

At the same time we welcome most heartily Mrs. Estella S. Aitcheson, of Granville, Ohio, who will supply the "Tested Methods of Work" for the coming year. Mrs.

Aitcheson has had long experience in the promotion of missionary interest in the Church at home. She has been a regular contributor to "Missions" and has a wide acquaintance in many church and missionary circles. We bespeak for Mrs. Aitche- son the hearty cooperation of all. Suggestion, questions and descriptions of methods found useful by pastors and others in promoting miSSionary interest in churches, Sunday-Schools, missionary societies, young peoples' work and in the home, may be sent to Mrs. E. S. Aitcheson, Granville, Ohio. EDITOR.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY HELEN M. BRICKMAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Council of Women for Home Missions FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America THE AIR AND PRAYER in the morning and also took pains to BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON inform everybody that she was a Cath- olic. If radio's slim fingers can pluck a melody from night The day came when she found her- self face to face with the need of de- And toss it o'er a continent or sea; cision. It was not in vain that she If the soft petaled notes of a violin Are blown o'er a mountain or a city's If sodnign~' like fragrant roses are cuIled from thin blue air, Then how can mortals wonder If God hears prayer?

In every llart of the world where the airplane dips its wings and ties up the world to them, you will find on the twelfth of February next earnest groups of women and girls gathered together for the purpose of uniting their hearts in using the very real medium of the air through which to speak to the Great Heavenly Father of us all in behalf of the whole world, especially of its childhood.

Perhaps no two countries are more vitally in the thought of the world today than are Mexico and India. It is from theSe two nations that the World Day of Prayer Committee has chosen the two women to prepare the "Call to Prayer" and the program for the 1932 observance – Sra. Elisa Strozze de Pascoe and Mrs. H. A. Yusufji, before her marriage, Helen Tupper.

Though born in the state of New MRS. H, A. YUSUFJI Mexico, of Swiss and Spanish llarent- age, Mrs. Pascoe's family moved to had throughout her primary and high Mexico when she wa,s five years old. school years listened every morning in She has always considered Mexico as the chapel to the hymns, the Scripture her home and is a Mexican citizen. reading and the short talks of the Her parents were Catholics but they teachers. She began to long for a Bi- sent their children to Protestant ble of her own but feared to ask her schools and from her earliest youth parents for it. She began to pray for she attended Laurens Institute, a mis- one as she heard in chapel the reading sion ,school in Monterey. Her Ameri- of Matthew 21: 22. On her sixteenth can schoolmates invited her to attend birthday she was rejoiced to receive the English Sunday-school. However, the gift of a Bible from four of her she often attended mass at four o'clock teachers. Immediately she turned to 931

the New Testament and underlined the praying for her. The pastor talked t'O verse which had been such an inspira- her 'Of the need 'Of a definite acceptance tion tG her. She spent much time with 'Of Christ as her pers'Onal Savi'Our. She her Bible (which she still keeps), but had read many bGQks on salvation at the same time she had many Cath- thrQugh faith so that bef'Ore the serv- Glic friends who were trying to per- ice was 'Over GGd deeply convicted her suade her not to attend a PrGtestant 'Of sin, and suddenly the light of the church. The climax came two years kn'Owledge of Christ as her persQnal later. It was Holy Week, and 'One who SaviGur filled her life with JQY. "Old has spent Holy Week in a CathQlic things passed away, all things became cQuntry cannQt fail to be impressed new."

BRA. ELISA STROZZE DE PASCOE Two years later she entered the Training SchoGI in Nashville, Tenneswith the varied ceremGnies and the see, where she completed the prenumberless pilgrimages tQ the many scribed course of study in the Biblical shrines. GGod Friday f'Ound her in Department. At the same time rothe Cathedral with tWG fanatical mance made its appearance. A young friends. They listened t'O the priest preacher from Mexico, whom she had as he spGke on the Seven Last Words. never seen in her cGuntry, came to The sermGn made a deep impressi'On Nashville to enter Vanderbilt Uni- 'On her young soul, and at the end of versity. As they were the 'Only Mexthe service all present were invited tG ican students they s'Oon met and consecrate their lives to God by sign- naturally had to practice their beauing their names in an immense book tiful Spanish language. kept in the adj'Oining chapel. After graduating she worked f'Or At the same time revival services tW'O years in HGlding Institute. By were being held in the Methodist that time Mr. Pascoe finished his the- Church and all 'Of her friends were alagical caurse and they were married in 1916, returning at 'Once to Mexico City as a pastGr. In September, 1930, when the two Methadisms were united, Mr. PascQe became the first bishGp.

Last year Mrs. Pascae was elected President .of the UniGn Nacianal de Saciedades Femeniles Cristianas (an interdenGminati'Onal uniGn 'Of seven de- naminatians: Presbyterian, Disciples, Friends, Pilgrims, Nazarene, CGngre- gati'Onal, and Methodist). The special work 'Of the Union is the publication 'Of a paper, Antorcha MisiGnera which circulates in Cuba, Puerto Ric'O, Co- lGmbia, Argentina, among Spanish- speaking peGple in the United States and in Mexico.

Is it n'Ow strange to you that Mrs. Pascoe, one mighty in prayer and works, should have been asked t'O pre- pare the world "Call to Prayer"? May the air be filled with prayer 'On Febru- ary 12, 1932.

If y'OU had been in Whittier Hall of C'Olumbia University during 1929 and 1930, Y'OU W'Ould have seen passing in and Gut in quest 'Of her M. A. a beauti-

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN •

ful young Indian woman from Luck- slightly, to provide accompaniment for now. It is she, now Mrs. Yusufji, to several young women who enter in whom we are indebted for the program costume, representing participants in for February 12. the prayer service from mission fields abroad and at home. These take places For some time Mrs. Yusufji was a quietly in seats near the platform and member of the faculty of Isabella Tho- become part of the worshiping group. burn College. Her marriage to Doctor After the verse by Alfred Tennyson Yusufji, a graduate of Princeton, (page 4), these visitors may enact a takes her to Jubbulpore where they scene purporting to be a recital of will work in the Theological Seminary. their experiences in observing last Her specific field is to be the wives and year's World Day of Prayer in their children of the preachers, the end in several home centers. Where costumes view being the preparation of conse- are not available or desired women imcrated Christians who will devote their personating missionaries may speak lives to the service of their country. briefiy.* Mrs. YUl§nfji writes: "I hope that The presiding officer introduce-s the this program will help prayer to mean narration by saying: to many other young women what it means to me. I have not had an easy "How often we sing that ancient life; it has been the prayer of faith hymn with its prophecy that that has strengthened me at every turn." Jesus shall reign where'er the sun Does His successive journeys run! These two women, one from agetorn Mexico, the other from storm- To Him shall endless prayer be made tossed India, see but one hope for the And endless praises crown His head. world-it is in Him who taught us to say, "Our Father." but have we realized h.ow literally it is being fulfilled, and how by our united ADAPTATIONS OF THE WORLD efforts .on this sacred day we are ac- tually encil'cling the earth with our DAY OF PRAYER PROGRA,M prayers?

iE'OR YOUNG PEOPLE'S GROUPS As o'er each continent and island The dawn leads on another day, BY BERNICE HALL LEGG The voice of prayer is never ended, Lowered lights at the beginning, Nor die the strains of praise away! quiet music, preferably the playing of hymns which direct the thought to "A world at prayer! What an upprayer, and above all, an attitude of lifting thought! We are not just 'two reverent expectancy on the part of or three,' we are a multitude. And not those who have the meeting in charge, for one brief hour do our voices ascend inevitably communicating itself to the to the Father, but from sunrise in gathering group, will create the at- New Zealand to sunset in Honolulu, mosphere of worship. for forty hours, the prayers of devoted women arise to the throne. The program, "H{)ld Fast in Prayer" is so widely appealing in its "Shall we listen while some of our spirit and content, that young women's friends teIl us of their part in this groups everywhere may use it with offering of praise and thanksgiving?" profit. The interpolation of some dramatic features, while desirable, should Japan: The sun had scarcely turned not be over-emphasized, or so pro- to gold our snow-capped Fujiyama, when longed as to break the unity of the throughout all the villages and cities of original plan. my country we gathered for prayer and the singing of hymns. Our missionary During the Lord's Prayer (page 3) teachers told us that it would be so have the hymn, "Jesus Shall Reign," everywhere that day, and we felt that played very softly. At the close of the prayer, increase volume of music * 'l'he materinl for th('se sketches was gath- ered by Miss B'}orence G. 'l'yler.

we were touching hands with other be- ing. South America, the Indies, Mexico lievers across all seas and lands. and Canada had their part. In Alaska a group of native women met, prayed and Korea: In Korea, a whole day seemed contributed twenty-nve dollars for the not too long to spend in prayer. I am specified world-wide projects; and so, on but one of many Bible women who gath- and on, to Honolulu, verily a volume of ered together from all over our District. prayer encircling the earth. Girls from the Bible Institute came, and even younger ones from the night school, American speaker concludes with all uniting eagerly in song and in prayer bowed head: for the Lord's work. We thank Thee that Thy Church un- China: The Day of Prayer means sleeping, much to us in China. We, too, made it a day of joyful fellowship and worship. While earth rolls onward into light, Many came at an early hour, bringing Through all the world her watch is their babies, and in some of the villages it has become the custom for our men to keeping, prepare the meals at the church so that And rests not now, by day or night. it may be a day of family prayer for all. Solo: "Spirit of God Descend Upon My India: Under the banyan trees, in the Heart" (page 5). Use first two and last tamarind groves, in chapels and in the verses. great churches, the women of India assemble reverently and eagerly for the Following this solo, the leader may observance of this holy day. Many wear announce a period of ,silent prayer, their wedding garments in token of the followed by prayers, voluntary or preimportance of the event – this one day viously assigned, covering special of the year when they are one with the needs listed upon page 8. Conclude Christian women of the world as they with the united prayer (page 7) which pray for the spread of His Kingdom. precedes the offering, and follow the regular program to the close. (The solo, "In the Secret of His The success of the offering will be Presence," page 4, may be sung here.) greatly enhanced if individual socie- ties will procure the very attractive Africa: (This part should be taken by leaflets which have been prepared by one representing a missionary.) My be- the Council of Women for Home Misloved black Africa is not outside your sions and the Federation of Woman's charmed circle. At the beat of the drum Boards 'Of Foreign Missions. Use the women leave their work in the fields these leaflets in the meeting preceding and huts and hasten to the appointed the World Day of Prayer, February place, sometimes as many as fifty in one 12, 1932, and appoint four yaung wamgroup. From miles around they come, en to present the projects dramaticaland when they go home, they separate, ly or as best suits the local organizavisiting other homes, praying and tes- tion. tifying as they go, till the whole district feels the influence of the meeting. TOGETHER Europe: (Another person in European Thou hast on earth a Trinitydress speaks.) We of the American Thyself, my fellow-man, and me: Church in Rome held our own prayer When one with him, then one with thee; service and. felt deeply grateful for the Nor, save together, thine are we. spiritual fellowship which is the heritage of the Christian everywhere. The Prot- -John Banister Tabb, estant women of Paris observed the day Quoted in "Christ in the also, and we know that other groups met in parts of Holland, Denmark, Ger- Poetry of Today." many and Wales. DISARMAMENT America: (One person may give briefly items from several centers.) BY CARRIE CHAPMAN CATT From our largest cities and the remotest borders of our land come messages from It is said that every controversy has those who have united in prayer for our two sides. Naturally, there can be great cause. Radio carried the program only one right side, and after much over eighteen stations, the printed page lengthy talk concerning every new profound its way not only to crowds as- posal, the world come·s to agreement sembled in houses of worship, but to the as to which the right side is. At preshomes of shut-ins who could thus participate with the world group. In our southern mountains families walked miles over unspeakable roads to attend a meet-

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

ent the controversy concerning the 3. If a nation enters a war upon the question of disarmament is in prog- pretense of self-defense, an invest!ga.tio.D ress. Shall the world disarm or not into its motives will follow, and If It IS disarm? proved that self-defense was not the real motive, it will DOt only receive the pen- It happens that there are Americans alty of an aggressor nation, but an adwho propagate for a big navy. "The ditional loss of confidence which always biggest navy in the world would be attends a perjury will be its fate. mOISt appropriate for us," they say. "The swiftest of all airplanes and sub- Consider for a moment the result of marines' the poisonous gasses we the Great War: should have. The most destructive guns, together with all the latest ~e­ COST IN MEN 10,878,000 velopment of each type of war eqUlp- 20,000,000 ment should be ourH." The reason Dead ……………….. . urged is that a surprise attack may Wounded ……………. . 9,000,000 be made upon us at any time in which War Orphans ………… . 5,000,000 case we will need for self-defense a War Widows ………… . 10,000,000 complete war preparation. That may Refugees …….•••……. sound logical to those who have no further information. Debts weighing each nation down to the verge of bankruptcy produce a The truth is, however, that since problem never before known. "It will the Great War a peace machinery for require," says Philip Snowden, Chanthe self-defense of all nations has been ceUor of the British Exchequer, "sevcarefully erected. There is a League enty-six million days of labor each day of Nations with most of the chief na- by British workmen for the next sixty tions of the world in its membership. years to produce the means to pay Each nation member has obligated it- America alone." Said John Maynard self not to go to war and to settle any Keynes, "We shall be paying the Unitdisputes arising between any other ed States each year for sixty years a nation and itself by peaceful means. sum equivalent to two-thirds the cost There is a World Court to which na- of our navy, nearly equal to the total tions may submit many questions to expenditure on educaUon, more than the wisest and most distinguished the total burden of our pre-war debt, judges in the world. Dozens of trea- more than the total profit of our merties have bound groups of nations to cantile marine and the whole of our submit any controversy to arbitration. mines together." Lastly, the Briand-Kellogg Pact has obligated most of the nations of the The United States, being more forworld to renounce war and to settle tunately placed than most nations, all their international disputes by loaned to European nations at differpeaceful processes. With a determina- ent times and in different forms to tion by all the nations not to join in meet expenses of the war $10,338,000,- wars, what need is there £or great war 000. preparation? The war was followed by a universal From this situation three curious depression in busines·s, an enormous facts confront us. unemployment, the prevalence of dis- eases spread by means of the war, un- 1. No nation can now go to war, ll;n- speakable crime, unrest, and many less attacked, without dishonorably VIO- other forms of human misery. lating one or more solemn agreements never to go to war. Which side are you on? The reduc- tion and limitation of war equipment 2. If a chief nation should violate one and the establishment of peace, or the or more of these sacred pledges, it will continuation of war with all its horforfeit its honorable status among the rors? Is war civilized? Can the nations and be called by the opprobrious world -afford it? Could n~t civilized term of aggressor. The penalty may be people abolish it? Could not sensi~le heavy. nations spend the money they recelve from the taxes of the people in ways

to produce more comfort, happiness, A CALL and progr.ess? The call to the Seventh National If you wish to bring the world over Conference on the Cause and Cure of War has been issued by Mrs. Carto the right side of this controversy, rie Chapman Catt. Delegates from help us to carry to Geneva the largest eleven women's national organizations and most impressive demonstration of will meet in Washington, D. C., Januthe sentiment of this country. ary 18-21, 1932, to consider those prob- lems "which handicap the progress of The Federation of Woman's Boards the coming substitution of peace for of Foreign Missiuns of North Ameri- war." ca, and the Council of Women for Home Missions are members of the Such distinguished authorities as National Committee on the Cause and James G. McDonald, Dr. James Shot- Cure of War. That Committee, well, Dr. D. F. Fleming, Will Irwin, through its federated organizations, and Mrs. Catt are on the program. is circulating a petition to the Inter- Round tables, luncheon discussions, national Disarmament Conference, and questions and answers, and convention we beg you to secure blanks of this discussions offer variety to the sespetition from the above offices. Cir- sions. Rachel Conrad Nason who was culate them among your own and any chosen last year by the National Comother organizations, groups of Ameri- mittee on the Cause and Cure of War can citizens, schools, churches, clubs, to conduct a thorough investigation of societies, and send them in to be added the Polish corridor has been at work to the great petition when it goes to upon her task for several months and Geneva on January 1, 1932. will report her finding·s to the Con- ference. Our petiUon says: "Clearly, the next step is the bold reduction of every The Federation of Woman's Boards variety of armament. To do less than of Foreign Missions and Council of this would violate treaty obligations, Women for Home Missions consider it awaken suspicion and incite fresh war most important that church women be adequately represented at this Contalk." ference. Either organization will be glad to supply detailed inf.ormation. Already the women of England have secured over 1,000,000 signatures to WAR their petition, and in Holland, where the petition has been circulated by the Waste of muscle, waste of brain, United Press, the signatures to their Waste of patience, waste of pain, petition have reached over 2,500,000. Waste of manhood, waste of health, We must be up and doing if this great Waste of beauty, waste of wealth, United States of America is to keep Waste of blood, waste of tears, pace with the rest of the world. Waste of youth's most precious years, Waste of ways the Saints have trod, Sixty nations of the world are to- Waste of glory, waste of God. gether ·spending annually over $4,000,- 000,000 in preparation for "the next War! war," which should never come. Why -G. Studdert-Kennedy. not save the money f,or better use and avoid the inevitable catastrophes THE GOAL which are the price of war? Brave military men have been immortalized There can be no final goal for huas the world's greatest heroes. A new man institutions; the best are those type of hero must now come forward that most encourage progress toward -the hero who will lead the way to others still better. Without effort and demilitarize society. In this day and change, human life cannot remain generation it will be done. Join hands good. It is not a finished Utopia that with those who want a civilized world we ought to desire, but a world where of peace. imagination and hope are alive and active.-Russell.

AMERICA tribe of 208,000 Othomi Indians

Mexico in the League of Nations adjoins the great Mexicano tribe. This year an opening has thus been WHEN Mexico entered the League made to reach between 750,000 and of Nations, it was, says the New 1,000,000 Indians, a far larger num- York Times, with a reservation in re- ber than in any previous year. They are rwt evangelized, and have not an gard to the Monroe Doctrine. Porfirio adequate number of workers, since there are but three workers to one tribe Diaz who had reason to remember the of 227,000 Indians, and in the other tribe one worker, with four in traingood' offices of the United States in the ing, for a half milHon. For the first time in Mexica'ru history, definite and matter of the French occupation, was aggressive work has been undertaken for these larger tribes. friendly to the Doctrine, though he b"ethSeuDbs0tI7– subsequently proposed tha t trine of America" should tuted, each republic proclaiming that an attack by a foreign power upon the independence or territory of one would be considered an attack upon Strategy in Belize the rest. The reservation of the Monroe Doctrine drew from Carranza a T HE capital of British Honduras declaration to the governments repre- recently emerged from the obsented in Paris that "Mexico had not scurity in which Lindbergh left it to recognized and would not recognize stretch itself across our newspaper this doctrine, because, without the con- headlines. Normally, Belize is Qne of sent of all the people of America, it the quietest places mentioned in the would establish a situation regarding geography, being the port of entry for which they had not been consulted; the least developed section of the therefore, this doctrine attacks the North American continent. sovereignty and independence of Mexico and would set up and establish a Before the hurricane in British tutelage over all the nations of Amer- Honduras, the chief landmark of the ica." The Monroe Doctrine, according town of Belize was a Catholic missionto Mr. Elihu Root, is ba,sed upon "the ary institution, St. John's CQlIege. right of self-protection recognized by Although the peoples of the Central international law." American countries are largely Cath- olic, the governments are frequently anti-clerical. Catholic schools are sub- Work for Mexican Indians ject to political supervision, and t~eir properties are exposed to confiscatlOn. UNDER the Presbyterian ~hurch in Therefore the RQman Church has Mexico, three wel1-tramed men placed its one large school in all Cen- have taken up work among the 227,000 tral America under the protection of Maya Indians. A house, ponies and the British flag at Belize. Students saddles are a part of the equipment. are recruited from the surrounding A mission has also been opened for republics. The school is in charge of 517,000 Mexicano Indians, the second a group of Jesuits who have their largest Indian tribe in the three Amer- headquarters in St. Louis. After the icas. younger members of the Society of The Latin American Prayer Fellow- Jesus have completed their college ship is making contacts with the large training they are sent out to Belize 937

to teach for a term of years, and then bers, not counting the 350,000 membrought back to the United States to bers of the German Lutheran Church study theology. The recent storm ap- in the southern ·states. parently caused the destruction of the college buildings, which were on the The lJr~sent population of Brazil is water front, and the death of many over forty miIliO'll. This means that of the students and faculty as school thirty-nine million are non-Evanwas in session. – The. Congregation- gelical; thousands of cities and towns alist. are untouched by the Gospel; the vast interior, with over 1,000,000 Indians, Trained Leaders for Porto Rico is practically untouched. No wonder the Brazilian Christians call for more MISS ETHEL ROBINSON, head of evangelical preachers and teachers. St. Catherine's Training School for Church Workers in Santurce, EUROPE Porto Rico, emphasizes the necessity of proper training for missionaries. British Bureau for Information "A college course is not enough," she said, "but should be supplemented by THE Standing Committee of the special training. The object of Amer- British Foreign Missions Conferican missionaries going overseas is to ence has been able tu arrange with give the best there is in them for the the Senatus of the Selly Oak group of training and development of native colleges to undertake to conduct a burleaders who will train their own peo- eau of informaHon for outgoing misple to carryon the work. Brazil, sionaries and missionaries on fur- Haiti, Mexico and Porto Rico train lough. It is hoped that the new bureau their own clergy. Porto Rico has in will be able to render great service in St. Catherine's School a means of dealing with the inquiries which come training its women leaders, numbers from missionaries from time to time, of whom have already done splendid regarding facilities for extra courses work. Latin-America·n countries are ,of study. It will keep in touch with more and more demanding self-gov- college and other centres where inernment in all their activities which struction can be obtained, and it is increases the urgency for developing proposed to compile and keep up to native leaders for the church's work." date suitable bibliographies. The bu- reau will also maintain contact with The Call of Brazil the missionary training institutions in Great Britain and on the Continent, BRAZIL needs more missionaries, as well as such organizations as the especially in the Amazon valley Student Christian Movement. The and the table-lands of central Brazil. secretary of the new bureau is Mr. The vast hinterland, now sIirinking in J. C. Kydd, Rendel Harris Library, size because of the new motur roads, Griffin's Hill, Selly Oak, Birmingham. demands an active missionary campaign," says the Rev. Erasmo Braga, Disarm.ament Declaration D.D., an outstanding Brazilian educational and religious leader. MORE than 1,250,000 British peo- ple have signed the International There are now twenty-three Protes- Declaration in support of world distant Missionary Societies with about armament. This declaration is being five hundred missionaries (including signed in forty other countries, and all wives) at work in some eighty resi- the signatures will ultimately be predence stations in Brazil. The native sented to the world Disarmament Con- Christian staff numbers 713, of whom ference in Geneva next February. 250 are ordained men. The Evan- House-to-house canvassing is being gelicals have 750 organized churches successfully undertaken and stalls with with over 122,000 communicant mem- forms for signi'ng have been set up in the market squares of many towns.

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Spain Disestablishes the Church oration was started five years ago by T HE extension of the franchise to the Y. M. C. A. at Athens and grew women in Spain has been followed by the rejection of Roman Catholicism so popular that after two years the as a state religion, by a vote of 267 to 41 in the National Assembly. Spain Greek church took it over. has for centuries been the most solidly Catholic of the large European na- Distress in RUlsia tions, and the king of Spain has borne the title of "The Most Catholic King." HENRY WALES, of the Chicago· The combined resources of State and . Tribune, recently traveled 12,000 Church have made it almost impossible for any dissenting body to carry on miles across Russia, north to south and religious propaganda. Protestant worship could be c(jnducted only in build- east to west. He spent forty nights ings which had no architectural resemblance to churches and which had in railway trains, traveling alone so no entrances from main streets. If it Protestant school was opened, it was that he might not be "personally consoon surrounded with Catholic schools. Protestant ministers could not per- ducted" like a "spoonfed tourist." He form marriage ceremonies. visited the Kulak concentration camp It was easier to prevent the people from becoming Protestants than to at Archangel, of whicf: he says: compel them to remain Roman Catholics. The proportion of the National The dreadful Kulak concentration Assembly that voted to displace Roman camp is carefully concealed in Kuzni Catholicism as the State church is a Chika Church, although the authorities little more than six to one. Catholi- had assured me that the nearest exiles cism is no longer the religion of the were at Mezen, twelve days' sledge travel people so that there is no reason why away. it should continue to be the religion of the State. The Catholic Church At Rostov, Kharkov, Stalingrad and will no longer enjoy a monopoly or other places I inspected huge new facexercise a dominant infl.uence upon the tories, units in the vaunted Five-Year political and cultural life of the coun- Plan, and witnessed the lamentable intry, but there is also danger that a ability of the Russians to obtain -producmajority of the Spanish people will tion. become less and less religious unless the evangelical church wins them to Through the southern districts I saw vital religion. the horde of tramps, bums and child waifs, homeless men and boys, thousands Greece ComDlemorates Paul's Address of them only 11 and 12 years old, and a few girls, on their annual migration from T HE twenty-ninth of June is now the warmth of the south to the north. observed in Athens by a six o'clock Barefooted, ragged, hlack and filthy, with evening meeting commemorating the long, matted hair and beards, covered preaching by the Apostle Paul in the with vermin, polluting the atmosphere Areopagus. The Archbishop of Athens with the stench of their unwashed bodies, and of all Greece presides over this drawn, haggard, gaunt and famishing, ~athering of five thousand worshipers. they walked the streets, fightlng with the There is choral music and the reading dogs and the crows for a morsel of carby another bishop of Paul's Athenian rion, or sitting day and night in the railsermon and of the thirteenth chapter way stations, furtively waiting for an of First Corinthians. This commem- opportunity to rifle the pockets of a drunken peasant or stowaway in a train when the lynx-eyed G. P. U. cop was not looking.

In the Ukraine and the North Cau- casus I visited collective farms and saw conditions so terrihle that even local Communist leaders are exhorting Moscow to ease the pressure sufficiently on ex- porting grain to give the miserahle peaS- ants wheat and oats and hay for them- selves and their livestock.

I visited in the peasants' mud huts without windows, and noted their listless- ness, brought on partly through lack of adequate food, partly hy their fatalistic avatism, their fear that they, too, may he shifted off elsewhere as "colonists" any night.

Thousands and thousands of these peasants in their hunger and misery and

weakness have res'Orted t'O "passive re- St. Augustine's followers were supersistance." They do not cult~vat'}. their ficially Islamized, but are now being lands, they plead illness and mablhty to educated and developed by France. work in the fields when the 'Overseer sum- The Southern Morocco Mission is mons them. reaching the Berbers of the Atlas mountains in the Sous, Agadir and In Siberia I saw trainloads 'Of exiles Tarudant; the Bible Churchmen's being dropped off with 9;1l their bel'Ong- Missionary Society plans advance ings, men, women a~~ children, comm'On- from Marakesh to reach the Berbers law pris'Oners, l?'OhtlCal offenders al!-d of the Tadla district in the Middle Kulaks, t'O colomze vast new areas m Atlas; and the Algiers Mission Band this barren region. is evangelizing by motor car the Saharan Oases and Arab markets. Swiss Missions The North Africa Mission reports blessing at all stations. The wide cir- SWISS (French speaking) Protes- culation of Scriptures across North tants since the War have combined Africa gives rise to hope, especially into the Mission Suisse, formerly the in Morocco. old Mission Suisse Romande. Their work is in South Africa and for a The results of the Christian work number of years there has been a in these areas is provoking violent atstaggering deficit. Friends made tacks by Moslems. heroic efforts from year to year to pay this, but without success. This year New Venture in Cairo at the annual meeting there was much rejoicing and thanksgiving due to the I N CAIRO, a club for girls has refact that at last a year had been cently been opened by missi'Onaries closed without deficit but it has again of the Church Missionary S'Ociety in become necessary to borrow money to co'Operation with tw'O other religious carry on! organizations. This new experiment am'Ong girls between six and fourteen The Danish Missions is 'Open every afternoon. Its cur- riculum includes reading, writing, T HIS society carries on work in arithmetic, handwork, sewing and India and China. Recently a fine games. The teaching is given by two hospital for women was opened in Egyptian Christian women who are Mukden, having on its staff a number also helped by English and Egyptian of Chinese women physicians. The voluntary workers, and the numbers India work has been encouraging, the attending already are a source of enlatest development being the accept- couragement to the 'Organizers. ance of the J eypore Mission. This work was a part of the work of the Communion in West Africa Breklum Mission that had been cared for during the War by the United STEADY streams of men and wom- Lutheran Church. The Breklum So- en, boys and girls, walk along the ciety found itself unable to assume paths that lead to the Mission Hill at the burden of the whole field and a Efulan (West Africa). They have group of friends of two missionaries been travelling for several days; the of Danish nationality formed the East women and girls carrying babies Jeypore Mission. This group made astride 'one hip, or seated in a sort of 'overtures to the Danish Mission So- sling made from skins. In the houses ciety, which unanimously decided to on the hill-workman's town, teachers' assume the responsibility. town, everywhere-there is an unusual stir. Guests are being entertained AFRICA over the week-end.

Evangelizing Isla:m Many have come a distance of twenty miles, for those who have suc- WILL Christianity regain lost cessfully answered the questi'Ons put ground among the Berbers of North Africa? The descendants of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

to them by the church session, who ~ want ~o present the urgent need of have regularly contributed to the thIS SwedIsh Evangelical Mission for church, and who have led lives as real prayers. The Colonial Government of pe.sons of God, will be admitted to Eritrea, in agreement with the Central full church membership and sit down Government in Rome, for some years at the communion table in remem- has placed grave obstacles in the way brance of the Lord Jesus. On Sunday of the return of Swedish missionaries to morning over 2,000 people gather in Eritrea, because we are foreign and the House of God to hear His word. Prote~tant. They have greatly restricted So the Efulan church is growing. It our lIberty to work and it now seems has recently taken over a "foreign that they desire to forbid our entrance mission field" far to the north, and into the Colony. They have denied perseveral young men have gone there to mission to disembark at Massaua two p each the Gospel of Christ.-Mary E. new men missionaries and three ladies Hunter. who had licenses. One of these ladies was the headmistress of the school for Helping Egypt's Farmers Moslem girls at Gheleb, and without her it will be necessary to close the school. AN INTERESTING phase of Assiut ~efor~ 1914 we had about thirty mis- College work is the agricultural sIOnarIes; now the Government action department, still in its infancy. Mr. has reduced us to nine, of whom three M. C. McFeeters is experimenting are in serious need of going home for with vegetable, fruit and cotton grow- health reasons. ing, and with chickens and dairying, although he is greatly handicapped by From Despair to Joy a lack of any definite appropriation. He is convinced that dairying holds T~E inspecto: of the Rhenish Misthe most promise. Cotton, which has SIOn, speakmg of the work in been for years the cash crop of Egypt, Niassa, says that the first time of is not as profitable as formerly, and despair in this work was the time beis an extremely speculative crop. The fore the awakening, viz., 1915. The department aims not only to train missionaries were despairing because practical farmers, but to afford stu- they could see no results of their work dents who are prospective preachers among these people. On the field it and teachers a knowledge of the basic "":as a case of desperate struggle, of industry of the country, and an under- Sighs and prayers to God, and at home standing sympathy with the Egyptian a matter of much blame and censure. farmer and his problems.-Woman'8 The Christians, though outwardly well Mi88ionary Magazine. organized, did not seem to have been touched inwardly. Their thought Pray for Eritrea world was still incorrigibly animistic. The Christian teaching was regarded PASTOR J. IWARSON, of Eritrea, by them only as a new custom or law. reports: The missionaries' prayer!! ascended Work for the Moslems of Eritrea is constantly to the thl'one of God for a in the schools of the station of Gheleb real awakening. It came and the new among the Mensa, where we have thirty period began with 1916. A nation Moslem boy pupils and twenty Moslem awoke to God! When the light broke girl pupils. More than twenty have been in on them, God had a man ready. baptized in the course of the year. The He was a faithful Christian, Hoemene New Testament in Tigre, just now com- by name, who although previously in pleted, will be of great importance. In earnest, was not a truly converted the interior of Ethiopia the mission has soul. Suddenly he heard the words had an evangelist among the converted "Lost, condemned, sentenced to death.': Moslems of Socota, and work among them In this extremity he went to his misseems progressing well. In Tigrai, sev- sionary and was led to Chri!!t. His eral Moslems are advancing towards example brought others and the Christ, among them is a young and in- thronging to the house of the missiontelligent sheikh. ary became so great that he despaired of his strength. People besieged his

home fifty to a hundred at a time! ceedingly hostile. Now they are be- The time of despair became a time of ·seeching the mission for teachers. salvation. The door of a new movement toward Christianity is thus opened. The church of Niassa is at present in the third such period. The 15,000 Missions in South Africa Christians ()f the period before the War have grown to 70,000, with 20,000 WE HAVE by general consent a more inquiring. The 15 missionaries magnificent opportunity in the of that period had to be reduced to 10 mine compounds. Yet I am assured and of these only 9 are available for on all hands that ma:ny of these evangelistic work. Now the mission heathen natives are already Gospelis facing the pr.oblems of a forming hardened. They are so accustomed on church, education, literature, the re- Sunday or in the evenings to seeing visi{)n of the translation of the New and hearing half a dozen competing Testament, the education of pastors evangelists that they ignore the lot. and teachers and the raising up of leaders. The report says, "We are so And while all this overlapping and few in numbers, so weak in resources, rivalry are gving on we ignore the that it is a time of despair in our- startling fact that there are more selves. We look to God. When will heathen in South Africa today than our salvatiQn come 7" there were thirty years ago. Too often you see side by side half a dozen mean Change in the Leipzig Mission churches engaged in an unholy rivalry.

NOTWITHSTANDING its r e – I ask all who love our Lord ro consider stricted income the Leipzig Mission is compelled to extend its work how this must grieve Him as He into the plains and thus alter the pleads for us that we may be one, character. Up to the present its and to join earnestly in His great African work has been mostly in the prayer. So much progress has been hill country of the Kilimanjaro region, made in the last few years that we with two centers in the plains: New have grounds for hope. Let us pray Moshi and Arusha. It appears, how- in faith that the Holy Spirit may ever, that the population of the up- bring us to repentance for whatever lands is not likely to grow much and sins of ours-scorn, suspicio·n, ecclein view of the millIons with which this siastical snobbery, faint-heartedness society is dealing in India the few -have contributed to the present dismountain people seem too few, espe- union and that He may show us God's cially when the population of the plains is growing by leaps and bounds. will.-THE BISHOP OF JOHANNESBURG The two stations mentioned are growing rapidly into cities and the fear is in the South African Outlook. entertained that Islam may spread into these regions. If that were to WESTERN ASIA happen, the stations would be cut off from all contact with each other and With a Movie Outfit the native Christians as well as the missionaries are urging the extension PAUL NILSON, a missionary of the of the work in the plains. American Board, travels into the country districts of Turkey with a Last year several stations were movie outfit. Seven days on the road; opened in the plains and now it is con- seven educational movie shows in six templated to open two more: Nava- different Turkish towns; attendance vera and Engaruka. The work among averaging three hundred per night; the Masai is growing rapidly, which audiences include leaders, such as is all the more gratifying since these teachers, officers, merchants, as well as people only a few years ago were ex- men and boys, many of whom had never before seen a movie.

In the first town of mud houses, half a day's notice through the schools and shops gathered three hundred men and boys. At the end of the trip,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

the Turkish teacher said: "We Turks wards, not only with the doctor and will not do any work like this unless nurses, but also with all who have we get paid for it. We must learn to ministered to Him and in His name.- sacrifice." ALICE BARBER, in The Syria News Quarterly. Jesus in the Wards Seventy Years of Orphanage Work I NCIDENTS in the Kennedy Me- morial Hospital in a report from I N 1860 during persecutions of Chris- Alice S. Barber: tians by the Druses, thousands of ChrIstians were put to death imd more "Cheer me with your book," said a than 20,000 widows and orphans Moslem woman beside whom I was roamed in destitution over the Lebsitting, pointing to my Bible; and so a'non mountains. At that time the the story of the brazen serpent was grandfather of the present director, read with the statement: "For as Ludwig Schneller, journeyed from Moses lifted up the serpent in the Jerusalem to Beirut and gathered the wilderness, even so must the Son of first nock of orphans in Syria and Man be lifted up," and why. brought them to Jerusalem. He be- gan to shelter them in his own house A favorite chapter with the women and, in spite of the limited accommodaof the ward is Luke 15, for the de- tions, he cared for 30 children. scriptions fit into their own lives. When passing from bedside to bedside His son now writes: "How wonderwith friendly greetings a:nd inquiries, fully the hand of God ruled over this the invitation frequently com e s : house! It has gone through great "Tafuddali, sit down." So the white periods of stresR that threatened its bench which fits under the bedstead is very existence. Once there was such pulled out between the two beds, whose a financial stress that it seemed the occupants are often joined by one or doors would have to be closed. Once more of those able to walk around, and there was a great conflagration which the Book is opened. Occasionally a consumed everything that had been particular selection is called for, as: built up in 50 years. Then came the "Now read me about the Sower.'" World War during which the orphan- age was taken away from us and man- To the tiny children picture books aged for three years by strangers. bring much pleasure. "Our Farm But the Lord has delivered us and has Friends," "Our Zoo Friends," the carried us over as on eagles' wings." books of birds and automobiles, bring a look of eager interest to many a Today there stands the "Schneller pale face. District" composed of more than forty buildings, orphanages for boys and One white lipped youngster, ill with girls, schools, day nurseries, home for typhoid fever, looked up to inquire: apprentices, home for the blind, pre- "What wonderful thing have you to paratory school, seminary, a home for show today?" "Pictures, pictures," boys learning trades and parish was his daily plea, and the brightly houses. There is also a great induscolored lesson leaves were brought t.o trial building where the boys learn all him, and he knew their stories almost sorts of trades. The institutions have without exception. He had learned an agricultural colony in Bir Salem, about David and Jonathan and Moses with the Philistian orphanage, a small when he attended a Christian Bible orphanage in Nazareth and an agri- School. cultural station in Cheeme. At present 370 children are being educated in the The patients are always told that a institutions, together with 43 apservice is held every morning where prentices and 30 tradesmen in the prayer is offered that God might give various trades. The fame of the inthe doctor skill and bless his efforts to make them well. Thus "the Divine Healer of Gennesaret" has walked the

stitutions is so great that last year representing the Roman Catholic, alone over 450 applications had to be Syrian and Protestant groups, re- refused. cently signed the following statemen11: "For the preservation of our rights Island of Socotra and culture we do not ask for any SOCOTRA is under the protection special safeguards. We rely upon our of Great Britain and contains 1,382 own inherent abilities, strength and square miles with a population of public spirit, and upon the sense of about 12,000. They are a mixed race justice and good will of our sister comof Arab'S with a strain of African munities." blood. They speak Arabic. There are no missionaries on the island and we In regard to religious liberty they have no record to show when it was make the following statement: last visited by Christians. Probably one of the colporters of the British "We are in general agreement with and Foreign Bible Society visited it the fundame'ntal rights drawn up by in recent years. S.ocotra was formerly the National Congress. The right of a Christian island but at the end of religious liberty implies the right to the seventeen century was taken over share with others our religious conby Moslems. victions and experience. We can think of no effective freedom of conscience without the right to preach our faith openly and freely. To us, as to you, Persian Rugs and Hutnan Life the use of corrupt and unfair meth- ods of conversion is distasteful. We K ERMAN is one of the centers of condemn them wholeheartedly. . . . the Persian rug industry. About We hold that the permeation of Chris- 3,000 women and girls work as weavers tian ideals of life and society will but in this town alone, 9 hours a day in enrich the culture and civilization of summer and 11 hours in winter. The our country. Good Christians are ever majority of these weavers are poor, g.ood citizens a'nd we believe that India undergrown creatures with crippled will never have cause to regret the lega. Before the girls are 7 years old, growth of the Christian Church." they are apprenticed by their parents.

For the five years .of apprenticeship Methodist Anniversary the parents receive about $20.00, and later $30.00 to $40.00 a year. THE se.venty-fift~ a~niversary of the foundmg of mISSIOnary work in The girls themselves receive no India by the Methodist Episcopal wages. They sit on narrow planks, Church will be celebrated this coming without support for their backs, and winter throughout the churches of this causes deformity. Most of them India and Burma. A son of one of the are married later in life and the birth earliest missionaries, Bish.oP Brenton of a child involves great danger to Thoburn Badley, is chairman of the about 75% of them. One woman doctor Jubilee Commission. Three special of the Church Missionary Society lives dates will be commemorated: Decemand works among them. She is re- ber 7, 1931, seventy-fifth anniversary spected and loved by all and her con- of the arrival of Dr. William Butler tinued remonstrances are beginning at BareiIIy; February 7, 1932, seventyto cause a larger public concern and a fifth anniversary of the first Methdesire to remedy these conditions. odist religious service in India, and INDIA AND BURMA March 11, seventy-fifth anniversary of the arrival of Dr. Butler's first re- Christians Ask Religious Liberty cruits.

T HE educated Indian Christians In addition to Ctoh'ensfeer' esnpceeciaslessdiaoyns~ are, as a rule, strong Nationalists various district and favor the principles advocated by will be held throughout India and Mahatma Gandhi. Ten Christians, Burma.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

In the seventy-five years since the inary in Madras, which is organized Methodist Episcopal Church entered under the official name of High Grade India there has grown a church with Theological College. It is open only 350,000 members, 2,273 Indian min- to men who have received the A.B.

isters, 140,000 Sunday-school pupils, degree. The several missions each and 45,000 day-school pupils. furnish professors for the faculty.

The administration is in the hands of Model Village Plan three groups, a college council, an WORLD CALL tells of an experi- executive council and the faculty. ment by which the United Christian Missionary Society plans to teach New Native Bishop girls of India the fine art of living. A ASECOND native bishop was conmodel village is to be built on twenty- secrated in October, when the five acres of government jungle land, Rev. John Sharat Chandra Banerjee near the village of Jyotipur. The girls became assistant bishop of Lahore. will live in cottages, and while they He has been chosen not simply because will be self-governing as far as pos- he is an Indian, but because he seems, sible, Qversight and training will rest in the natural development of the with the teachers. Government Middle Church of India, to be the right man School curriculum will be followed, al- for the office. He is enthusiastic, cullowing six years instead of four, so tivated, experienced. The other Inthat practical work may be introduced. dian Bishop is Bishop Azariah, of Around each cottage will be garden Dornakal, consecrated in 1912, who space, and at one side .of the village, has proved himself a welcome and pasture for sheep and cows. Butter effective addition to the bishops of the and cheese making, poultry raising Anglican Communion in India and and bee culture will form a part of the training. Girls will be taught sewing, abroad. especially mending-a thing few In- In March, 1930, the Church of Engdians know how to do; hygiene and sanitation, care of infants; a simple land in India became legally the Church of India, Burma and Ceylon.

course in civics. There will be leader- SIAM ship cour·ses, giving practice in lead- Lepers Give to Missions ing meetings, making outlines of speeches, parliamentary law, and con- THE Chiengmai Leper church has ducting and taking intelligent part in recently forwarded to the Ameribusiness meetings ·of various kinds. can Mission to Lepers a gift of ticals The girls will deposit their money in 20 ($8.85). The superintendent of a bank, kept by the manager, and draw the asylum, which is under the Presit out by check. It is also planned to byterian Board of Foreign Missions, teach religious education, for training says: the girls to be better Sunday-school teacher.s, and to teach their own chil- This small gift expresses in a very dren and to be able to tell stories. meagre way their gratitude for the many Girls in the highest classes will be blessings they have received. Not the given practice in organizing and con- least of these blessings is their faith in ducting Junior and Senior Christian God and their renewed faith in man. Endeavor Societies, MissIon Bands They, themselves, are unable to do direct and Junior Church. evangelism but they can send small sums in order that some one else may be used in this Christian work. Everyone of the more than four hundred patients in this leper village is a Christian.

Lutheran Cooperation On Sunday, July 26, their new pastor was installed.. It was a big day for the FIVE Lutheran Missions in India, church and practically every patient was the American, the Leipzig, the present. After charging the pastor with Danish, the Swedish, and Gossner, are his duties, the new man conducted the cooperating in the new theological sem- Communion service.

S

The Leper church is assuming the en- provision is made for nonregistered tire financial support of the new pastor. schools. Disabilities are imposed upon His principal work will be to visit rela- those who gradute from nonregistered tives and friends of leper patients whose schools. From this, it is perfectly homes are in this section of the country. clear that it is anticipated that there They are keen to have their own families, will be schools that elect not to regismost of whom are non-Christians, given ter at present. the opportunity of becoming Christians. "Yali (Yale in China, at Changsha) In addition to supporting their own after being actually registered, was pastor they have promised the sum of 'directed to witbdraw its registration ticals two hundred and fifty per year to and apply again!' the evangelistic work of Chiengmai Station, providing a suitable man can be "During two visits to Shanghai in found to visit small groups of Christians 1930, and one early in this year, I who rarely have the chance of meeting stayed at the Missionary Home, where the missionary or even the native evan- one meets people from all over China, gelists. Their interest in Christian work and found two significant things, viz.: of many kinds is a constant source of (a) among those who had tried regiswonder and inspiration to me. Within tration, considerable dissatisfaction the past few months they have given the was expressed; and (b) I was many big sum of ticals five hundred thirty-four times congratulated upon the decision (Tcs. 534). I am quite sure that no of the Shanghai district of the Ameriother church in Siam can compare with can Church Mission to defer registrathem for gifts and variety of interests. tion, and was assured that the position was widely endorsed. Numerous mis- This small cheque is sent with their sionaries representing several differprayers that your work among leper ent denominational boards expressed people of other lands may continue to be the wish that they had taken the same prospered of God. stand. Dr. John C. Ferguson, long time adviser to the Chinese govern- (Signed) J. HUGH McKEAN. ment, wrote: 'The provisions of the regulation (i. e., the order forbidding CHINA religious exercises in schools) do not Non-Registered Schools in China commend themselves to the good judg- ment of the average man.' " THOSE who delay registration of the mission school are not "oppos- Newspaper Reports Incomplete ing Chinese nationalism" and even breaking qtIin€se law, as some writers DR. JAMES H. FRANKLIN of the seem to intimate. American Baptist Missionary So- ciety has recently made an extended The Rev. B. L. Ancell, D.D., of the trip in China and gives a report very American (Protestant Episcopal) different from that in the daily press. Church, and principal of Haham He says: School, Yangchow, Kiangsu, writes: "Thera is no defiance, no opposition, A visitor to China may be so iminvolved in the position of those who pressed with the widespread poverty, ilurge a further delay before registra- literacy, disease, superstition, banditry tion …… We simply omit to claim and general disorganization that he will certain privileges to be accorded on utterly fail to recognize some of the concondition that we do certain things. structive movements. Although I jour- We fail to claim certain rights for our neyed eighteen hundred miles into the pupils: rights to enter certain uni- interior of China, I did not find a town versities, rights to engage in govern- of any size that within four or five years ment service, etc. had not torn down hundreds or thou- sands of buildings in order to widen its "The present welter of multitudi- streets; nor did I find any such town nous laws and regulations creates such that had not recently paved those widan uncertainty as to constitute a rea- ened thoroughfares. In Chengtu, with a son for friendly pause rather than population of 600,000, seventeen hundred haste. No clean-cut body of school law exists that is applied as law.

"If from the state of school law in China anyone thing becomes clear, it is this: That under the regulations,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

miles 'from the sea, wide thoroughfares about three millions. Although in had been made and every street in the city had been paved within a period of other parts of China they are mixed five years. Schools were being conducted by the Chinese authorities in all of the~e with the Chinese, in Kansu they trace places, despite ~he ~isturbances. ElectrIC lights were bemg mtroduced and many their origin to three races, Arab and of the young people were dreaming of better things for their country. oPledrsHiaun~ Turkish, and a branch of the family. Since the beginning The United Lutheran Church of the Manchu dynasty, they have been THE Missionstidning for Finland the official journal of the Finnish a constant source of irritation and National Foreign Mission Society reports that the Lutheran Church Union trouble to the Chinese people, and inin China founded in 1920, was made up at that time of five missions, t.he creasing enmity has been the result. Norwegian in central Hunan, the Fmnish in northeastern Hunan, that of At present Moslem powel' is in the asthe Augustana Synod in Honan and that of the United Lutheran Church in cendancy in Northwest China. Very Honan and Hupeh, as well as the Swedish Church.. The mission of the Mis- few Christian missionaries are at souri Synod, the missions of Norway and Sweden, the Basel Mission and the work among these Moslems and Rhenish Society were outside of the union. throughout China the Christian ap- The Lutheran Church Federation proach to Moslems is a neglected task. meeting is attended by delegates from all over China, so that the territorial The successful missionary should be extension of the church in China is the most far-flung in the world, although equipped with a knowledge of Arabic, in actual numbers it is relatively small. as well as of the vernacular. The task At the sixth annual convention the Chinese were in the majority; there calls for cooperation between the variwere Germans, Danes, Swedes, Norwegians, Finns and Americans as well ous missionary agencies, and the Naas a Korean, Japanese and Esthonian in attendance. It was a harmonious tional Christian Council in China has and congenial group. been asked to reorganize a special com- A Chinese Christian, Pastor Chu Hao-ran, was elected president and the mittee on work for Moslems through first vice-president is Pastor Ai Ho-nan from Honan and the second, Pastor which all the missronary boards work- Paul Anspach of the mission of the United Lutheran Church. ing in China might cooperate to deal Moslems in China more effectively with the needs of Chi- REV. J. FINDLAY ANDREW, a nese Moslems. Special literature, fa- missionary of the China Inland Mission, who has more than twenty cilities for training missionaries and years' experience in the Province of Kansu and who is especially ac- united prayer are earnestly requested. quainted with the problems of missions to Chinese Moslems, reports that A Reviva.l in Manchuria Moslems in Kansu Province number AREVIVAL of unusual nature in Eastern Manchuria which has at- tracted widespread attention is going on in the Danish mission in Dairen, according to the Danslc Missions blad. Dairen is a large modern city with buildings in western style. There are nearly 300,000 Chinese inhabitants and many Japanese. The Danish mis- sion has one married missionary there, Rev. and Mrs. Jansen, two Chinese preachers, six evangelists and four Bible women.

In September, 1929, a young Chi- nese candidate for ordination preached on "Regeneration" and told how he was led by God's Spirit to use John 3: 13. For two years he had been a fierce opponent of one of the mission- aries but had been converted. Before Pastor Hsieh had finished, a wave of excitement swept over the assembly. Later another Chinese pastor, Wang

Ming Tao, heightened the impression rural millions. The industrial field with earnest admonitions. Later remains unopened. Christians who Wang spoke seven hours without ap- own factories are to be called into con- ference for discussion of such topics parent fatigue. as capitalism, labor conditions, hours, A meeting of the Bible women fol- wages and relations with workers.

lowed and the rumor of a revival Japanese Christians and China spread through the surrounding country. Later great meeting,s were held No JAPANESE Christian wants in New Chwang and in Mukden. war with China or with anyone else. Church people were shocked to Missionary Aksel Sorenson writes: hear the war news on the very morn- "We are a growing flock and rejoice ing of the collection for Chinese flood at what is taking place and at the relief; perhaps the offering was largthought that God's time has come for er on this account. Although the a blessing. The revival out here will Christians do not feel themselves mean a revival at home, as well as new strong enough yet to welcome reproach life and new power. for opposing national military policy, they are indulging widely in words of The revival has spread over Dairen, caution and in hopes that the current Port Arthur, Chinchou, Takushan, problems may be peacefully solved. Feng-hwang-ch'eng Antung, Kwan- Most Japanese feel there is as much tien, Huanjou, Mukden, Changchung, justification for a Japanese Monroe Petune, Sweihwafu. The missionary doctrine for Manchuria as for any othconcludes by saying "God is calling er, and with China's inability to set aloud to His people in Denmark in all her own house in order, as well as with that is happening here in China. He her violations of Japan's treaty rights, is calling us to a full surrender, to there must naturally be an end to pasanctification and to a holy service in tience somewhere, even among relaprayer, work and sacrifice." tives. There is, however, general Christian agreement that the patience JAPAN-CHOSEN of the Japanese army authorities was prematurely exhausted.-T. T. Brum- The Kindom of God Movement baugh.

DESPITE the absence of Toyohiko Christian Night Schools Kagawa, the Kingdom of God movement has gone forward with in- NIGHT schools connected with Miscreasing success. This united Chris- aki Tabernacle in Tokyo furnish tian campaign, which has now been one of the city's most important fields endorsed by almost all the Protestant for evangelistic work. "Instead of bodies, reported more local campaigns spending their leisure time in the held during the first six months of city's 7,500 cafes and places of amuse- 1931 than during all 1930. The num- ment," writes Dr. William Axling, ber of Christians now enrolled in vari- "the best of Tokyo's youth devote their ous sorts of training classes, all of evenings to study, and with high purwhom expect to go into the active work pose expose themselves to Christian of the movement, is rapidly increas- teachings, Christian influences and ating. The most significant recent de- mosphere. The interest in the chapel velopments have been the beginning services and the Bible classes ha,s been of work in the hitherto untouched maintained at a high level. There are rural regions and the addition of a 899 young men and women enrolled in factory and industry section to the the three night schools. Of that numprogram. There are about 12,000 vil- ber 294 are young women who work lages in Japan, with a population in in offices, and who have enrolled that the neighborhood of 40,000,000. By providing special training for young people who live in these villages the Kingdom of God Movement is planning to open its real drive on Japan's

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

they may improve themselves mentally ty, and Christian work is suffering and spiritually. Japan's youth are thereby. Christian cooperation is bealive to the tasks before them." ing tried; agriculture is studied as never before. To Study Japan's Schools Professor L. George Paik, Ph.D., of FOUR American educators will de- Seoul, in his "History of Protestant vote the winter months to a study Missions in Korea," sums up his conof Christian educati'onal systems and clusions as to conditions in his native institutions in Japan. The Interna- land as follows: tional Missionary Council is sponsor for the project, which is similar to When Korea was opened to the West, those recently completed in southern the greatest change wrought in the life and eastern Asia. of the people was the introduction of Christianity. Evangelical Christianity The American commissioners are entered the country when it was still an President G. Bromley Oxnam of De- independent nation …… Annexation in Pauw University, Greencastle, Ind.; 1910 was only the culmination of the long Dr. Frank W. Padelford of the Bap- processes of decay originating before the tist Education Board, Dr. Edward Ry- opening of the country. The intercourse nearson, Pittsburgh, Pa., and Miss of the West awakened the nation to a Ruth T. Woodsmall, research worker new life purpose. The infusion of Chrison institjltions for women. tian ideals gave to it a new birth ….. . The persistently active minority have al- CrOBS Currents in Korea ready made themselves felt among their non-Christian neighbors. The rebirth of K OREA has now been a part of the a nation in the heart of the Orient, the Japanese Empire for twenty rousing to new leadership of a people years. Law making and enforcement once spiritual leaders in the Far East, are efficient, for Japan aspires to rule who, through the fire of a new zeal are effectively. Through government con- impelled to proclaim to others their new trol and commercial enterprise, the faith, is the story of Christian expansion Japanese have done much to make in Korea. Korea physically and economically a new country. Government auto bus ISLANDS OF THE SEA lines, passenger and freight traffic have been greatly extended. Banking Will T"hiti Retreat? and commercial facilities and modern public utilities have been developed in I s CIVILIZATION, as interpreted a decade. Fine cities with modern by Europe and America, a help or buildings, water, light and transpor- a handicap? This is a question that is h~tion are growing up. Silk and cotton being seriously considered in the Ismills, tobacco factories, machine shops land of Tahiti, in the South Seas. The and other new industries have come. world economic depression is so greatly The Japanese postal system is efficient. affecting the islands that they appear Daily papers, the moving pictures, and to be on the verge of renouncing the even the radio are becoming common. ways of white civilization. Western clothing, medicine, machinery, books, athletics-all are taking In a resolution adopted by the Aghold of Korea. The Japanese school ricultural Union of Tahiti (says the system gives promise of future bless- N eU' York Times) and forwarded to ing to the nation. France, the islanders of the French South Sea colony are urged to resume On the other hand, if a million Ko- their ancestral modes of life and abanreans are prospering, eighteen mil- don the attempt to maintain modern lions are struggling for life's necessi- methods of living and trading. ties. Eighty per cent of the Koreans, mostly farmers, are in hopeless pover- This appeal recommends that the natives discard European clothing, re- turn to the simple outdoor life and give up life in the towns, with their artificial commercial existence, which is held responsible for the degenera- tion of island civilization.

Tahiti is one of the Society Islands In addition to this there are 2,788,625 and has an area of about 600 square native whites of foreign or mixed miles with a population of 8,585. The parentage. This means that there are capital is Papeete, a town which in- over 5,000,000 persons of foreign cludes about half of the whole.popula- stock, which number is over two- tion of the island. The Paris Evan- thirds the total population of the megelical Mission has been working here tropoli,s. It is surprising to find that since 1863 and has missionaries in the persons born in Russia, who num- Papeete and Morrea. Their communi- ber 442,431, now exceed slightly the cant Christians number about three number of those born in Italy. thousand. Cost of Crime "IGoing to School in Papua OFTEN wonder what children at T HE Wickersham Commission on home would think of the way Crime presents a vast body of children out here in Kwato come to carefully compiled statistics regardschool. ing the cost of crime and crime pre- vention. The cost of crime and efforts "The channel between Kwato and to prevent and to punish it by federal, Logea is about two hundred yards state and local agencies, is considerwide at its narrowest point and at all ably above one billion dollars a year times has a strong current runniIJ,.~ or $2,740,000 a day, or $114,000 an through it. This has to be crossed to hour! But the greatest c'ost of crime get to school. On a warm day the and its most terrible results is not its children paddle their outrigger ca- cost in dollars but the injury that it noes; on a windy day they sail; on an does to its perpetrators, its victims, unlucky day they swim. and to society as a whole.

"I love to watch the scramble before For a Christian the cause and the they get off in the morning-a great cure are not complex but simple, not bustling of grass skirts; last touches obscure but clear: to their carefully combed hair and shining bodies. One Dr two of the Cause-sin. This is revealed in selfolder boys swagger down to where ishness, a lust for gold and an ignotheir own little 'two-seater' lies, hol- rance of God and a disregard for His lowed out and finished off with their laws. This applies to both rich and own hands; they get quietly in and poor, high and low, native and foreign, paddle off. A little group of children white and colored, capitalists and manlook forlorn because their fathers have ual laborers. appropriated the family canoe for the day. They are not despondent long, Cure-faith in God and obedience however, for in a trice they have di- to His laws of life as made known vested themselves of any superfluous through Jesus Christ. This includes covering and entrusted their school self-sacrifice, a love for our fellowmen books to those in canoes. Then they of every race and station; plain livjump into the sea and are soon half ing, faithful and energetic use of way across the channel; their woolly whatever talents and opportunities we black heads bobbing up and down in have; recognition of the sovereignty the waves."-Hal,~iday Scrymgeour, in of God and seeking first the establish- Kwato Mission Tidings. ment of His righteous rule over every department of life-personal, indus- trial, political and religious.

NORTH AMERICA Allied Temperance Forces New York a Foreign City THE prohibition movement in America needs to be unified and to ACCORDING to the 1930 census fig- emphasize education if temperance is 1'. ures there are 2,283,400 foreign- to win. There are over forty prohibi- tion organizations or agencies operatborn white persons in New York City.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ing on a more or less national scale. The Disciples' Message Differences find expression in rivalries and disputes. THE International Convention of the Disciples of Christ met this In recent years progress has been year in Wichita, Kansas. The United made in bringing the temperance 01'- Christian Missionary Society carries ganizations together on the basis of a on the work of home and foreign misfederation and the National Confer- sions, church erection, benevolence and ence of Organizations Supporting the religious education. The reports were Eighteenth Amendment includes thir- more encouraging than might have ty-four agencies in its membership. been expected, considering the busi- A national board of strategy is em- ness situation. The call to hold the powered to guide the political policy lines and permit no retreat sounded of the "drys" through the year ahead. by President Corey met sympathetic response in the convention. A notable The Allied Forces for Prohibition, message to the churches from the enunder the leadership of Daniel A. Pol- tire secretarial group was read and ing, Oliver W. Stewart, Raymond Rob- was given wide publicity in the press. ins and others plan to hold dry meetings in 269 cities in every state in the Among the more notable utterances union before June 1, 1932, and to set were the following: up a popular organization in each city to spread the net of the organization "We must develop a missionary spirover the entire country. Every move- it and program which proclaims Christ ment in favor of temperance anlJ law as the world's Saviour. We must recobservance should unite to work in ognize that our Christian heritage harmony and ceaselessly to educate makes us and our land undying debtthe youth and to uphold Christian ors to all mankind. We must make the standards. education of our day thoroughly and devoutly Christian. Our evangelism Juvenile Delinquent. must call men and women to a com- plete surrender to the unqualified reg- THE report made by the Wicker- nancy of Christ. We must attain an sham Crime Commission states exalted concept of Christian stewardthat the United States Government ship and apply the means and methods had in its custody during the last half whereby it can be made a permanent of 1930 some 2,243 juvenile delin- factor in undergirding Kingdom enquents who have come into the cus- terprises …… Recognizing then the tody of the state. How so many validity of Jesus as the world's Savminors became Federal charges is a iour and convinced without doubt that mystery, although it is explained that the only hope of our age lies in Him, bootlegging, narcotic -violations and we pledge ourselves afresh in those various forms of delinquency that wistful words of the Jerusalem Concross state lines have placed them in ference which came hot from the crucidurance. The facts as presented are ble in which the Christian leaders of distressing. That the young should fifty nations had defined their faith: be in prison is bad enough, but that 'We cannot live without Christ. We they should be ill-treated and poorly cannot bear to think of others living housed is worse. The commission, without Him. We cannot be content through Mariam Van Waters, the so- to live in a world which is un-Christcial worker, who made the investiga- like. We cannot be idle while the longtion, has performed a valuable service. ing of his soul is unsatisfied." It is to be hoped that the revelations will produce some practical results in A Million Thank-Offering the way of a remedy-both for the causes and the conditions revealed.- I N THE face of the economic stress The Churchman. which has engulfed the whole world the united thank offering of the women of the Protestant Episcopal

Church for the current triennium Dr. Richter asks the pertinent ques- reached the sum of $1,059,575.27. This tion as to whether our Christianity offering comprised the gifts of all has a message of such compelling pow- women of the church, whether factory er that it will be able to rise above the girl or wealthy matron, hard working bogs of religious neglect and despair mother or isolated ranch woman, wom- and enter upon a new way. He says, en from the remotest outposts in the "If we will be honest, we must per- Philippine Islands, women on the sug- haps acknowledge that there is among ar centrale.s in Cuba and the Domini- men today only one enthusiasm that can Republic, women in Haitian carries along a hundred million human villages, women of a dozen races in beings in its intoxication, namely Rus- Hawaii, women from Japanese fi·shing sian communism, which promises to villages and from the centers of J apa- build up a new civilization on the nese culture, women from inland China foundation of a logical altruism. Be- who live in daily peril of their lives, hind this communistic movement Liberian school girls in West Africa, stands a fiery enthusiasm which sees Eskimo women in the far north, Mexi- the daybreak of a new day after the can women in remote mountain homes. night of a decadent capitalism. It is While the offering is primarily for the a very serious question whether Chris- support of women missionaries, it has tianity today is capable of kindling a been customary to use a part for build- similar or even more glowing enthusi- ings and equipment. asm in the hearts of its hundreds of millions of sated and ·self-satisfied ad- "THome Mission Theme for 1932-3 hermIts, who might be willing to give HE American Indian" will be the a few crumbs from their rich board to theme for the interdenomination- the despairing Lazaruses at their al Home Mission books in 1932-33. doors.

Dr. Lewis Meriam will prepare the Does Christianity have this mes- book for adults. In addition to having sage? I mention five points which ap- a deep personal interest in the Indian pear to me to have incomparable worth missionary work of the church he has for all of the human race, especially been technical director of the survey in the present crisis: (1) The mes- of Indian affairs conducted under the sage of God, the sovereign Ruler of Institute for Government Research at the universe, who lays unlimited claim Washington. His book will deal more upon the unconditional obedience of with the future than the past of the every man; (2) The reality of re- Indian. The first part will consider demption through the Only Begotten the Indian situation as it is today and Son of God, the atonement through the second, opportunities for Chris- His cross and life through His resur- tian service. rection, (3) The ethical impulses from GENERAL the reality .of the Holy God, the only possible moral backbone for the world Need for Missionary Passion that is seriously ill with moral ail- TH E AUgemeine Missionszeit- ments; (4) The message of a uni- schTilt, which Dr. Julius Richter versal judgment of the living and the edits, contains an informing article on dead, which guarantees everlasting missionary opportunities and difficul- righteousness as the fundamental law tie·s faced by American mission of thi s world; (5) The message of the boards. He does full justice to the Kingdom of God as the real purpose splendid way in which these boards of God in and with this cosmos, con- have been carrying on but sees great tents and goal of the development of difficulties in raising funds and secur- the human family.

ing missionaries. In some respects Might it not be possible to penetrate the picture is nearly as dark as the the Christian treasures of salvation conditions faced by European socie- with such a missionary glow that they ties. would set the 'churches aflame 7"

WORTH

~~ Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Japan Mission Year Book, 1931. Ed- missiDns and missiDnaries, educatiDn ited by Rev. L. J. Sha~er: 8 V? .449 and sDcial prDgress. Several chapters pp. Federation of ChI"lstIan MlsslOns. are 'Of special value and impDrtance Tokyo. such as thDse 'On "The Statute of Reg- istratiDn," "Cause 'Of Anti-Christian People who are interested in Japan M'ovements," "The Kuomintang and will find this publication of exceptIOn- ReligiDn" and "Change in Family al value. It presents not 'Only a wide Life." The whDle vDlume is essential range of authDritative infDrmatiDn re- tD thDse WhD wDuld understand the garding the missiDnary' wDrk 'Of all present situatiDn and DUtlDDk. denDminatiDns in Japan and FDrmDsa, but includes valuable chapters 'On the Negro Year Book: An Annual Encyclogeneral situatiDn in Jap~~ – s?ci.al, pedia of the Negro, 1931-32. By MoneCDnDmic, religiDus and pDlItlcal, III Its roe N. Work. 544 pp. $2. Tuskegee bearing upDn the Christian mDvement. Institute. Alabama. This Eighth EditiDn is a distinct A. J. B. imprDvement 'Over earlier issues bDth The China Christian Year Book, 1931. Ed- in CDntent and arrangement 'Of matter. ited by Frank Rawlinson. 8 va.. 437 Most of the material is new and, in a pp. $2. Christian Literature SocIety. concise form, gives a comprehensive Shanghai, China. view of the events affecting the NegrD China is rapidly making hist'Ory, as and the prDgress he is making throughDut the world. Special sectiDns is clearly shown in this seventeenth are devDted tD International CDoperaissue 'Of the China MissiDn Year B'Ook. tion through the Church and other F'Orty writers have contributed tD the agencies, national cDnsCiDusness, disv'Olume, half of them being Chinese, criminatiDns against Negroe·s, segre- S'O that the result presents a compDslte gation, and the NegrD in pDlitics, view 'Of a very critical situation. educati'Onal pr'Ogress and the NegrD Christian activity has increased in the in the church. Nearly 'One hundred last two years and anti-Christian pages are given t'O the NegrD in EurDpe movements are less pr'On'Ounced. S'Ome and in Africa. The c'Oncluding secti'Ons misshmary p'Olicies and methDds have deal with the Negr'O in p'Oetry, a rechanged and many new experiments view 'Of recent bDDks relating tD the are being tried. The Chinese Church Negro and a direct'Ory 'Of N egr'O newsis helping to rebuild China and its papers, agencies, and 'Organizati'Ons. p'Ower is being felt. The Five Year The statistics (page 537) are inaccu- Movement is making prDgress and ID- rate and the index is inadequate. eal groups of Christians are cooperating with the Central Committee. It S. M.Z. is a day 'Of great need and great 'Opportunity for Christianity in China.

The next ten years will probably set God's World, By Cornelius Howard Patthe mold in which the future of the ton. 297 pp. $2. Richard R. Smith. nation is cast. New York. 1931.

We have the usual sections of the The day has passed when the true year b'Ook where vari'Ous authors ably follower 'Of Christ can be provincial discuss nati'Onal and religious life, and insular in his views of G'Od's world 953

if ever such a day existed. The prog- physician. Dr. Schweitzer sees Africa ress of the past few years strikingly and the Africans as they are-without manifests our nearness to one another, much romance or poetry-but with and the need for neighborliness among great human need and in dire physical nations. In such a day the world has suffering which he is trying to relieve. need of the Church of Christ, and f He describes his experiences-doctorinteIligent, compassionate, ecumenical ing, operating, disciplining, teaching Christians. morals and religion, erecting build- ing·s, feeding the people, conducting Dr. Patton pays tribute to those re·search. It is a simple, intimate, who, with humility and the spirit of vivid story of a humanitarian work brotherliness and with sacrifice, are well done. making their contribution to the realizing of the Christian ideal through- We Are Alaskans. Mary Lee Davis. 335 out the world, but he states with pp. $3.50 W. A. Wilde Co. Boston. regret that in the church these are a 1931. minority. Today God's world is hungry and piteously sick, large areas are In "Uncle Sam's Attic" Mary Lee darkened by ignorance and sin, but Davis achieved a striking success with too many in the ·Christian Church are a volume of general information on narrow and selfish, when their inter- Alaska. It was written so charmingly est should be cosmopolitan." In a clos- that it stands easily first in the books ing chapter, "A Possible World," the descriptive of our great north land. author calls us, as Christians, away "We Are Alaskans" attains the same from our apathy and indifference to high level of interest and value. One apostolic steadfastness and the tre- cannot know the human, and therefore mendous adventure of world-living real, Alaska, until one has read these and giving. "The one clear call for stories .of Eskimo, Tinneh, Thlingit the church to which you and I belong and frontiersmen – cheechakos and is to go and do the thing which is com- sourdoughs. Every story fairly bites manded and empowered by Christ." into one's interest but two stand out- Tillie Paul Tamaree and the Flu Epi- Some of the chapters treat of sub- demic at Fairbanks. Finely graven jects upon which books have been writ- cameos are they, the cost of reading ten. Bibliographies are provided for which is a clutch of throat and moisthe benefit of those who wish to pur- ture of eye. "Uncle Sam's Attic" and sue a specific subject. "WeAre Alaskans" are like two sides of a beautiful coin. Noone preparing This book has great clarifying value a paper or address on Alaska can afto those who are interested in missions ford to neglect these books. and world affairs, and is challenging and convincing to those who are not. A.J.M.

J. MeN. Studies in Christian Stewardship. By Rev. Douglas W. P. Strang. 2s. Interna- The First Hospital at Lambarene. By Al- tional Association for Church Fi- bert Schweitzer. 12 mo. $2. Holt & nances. 55 West Regent Street, Glas- Co. New York. 1931. go. 1931.

"On the edge of the Primival For- Strange to say, this is the first book est," which made Albert Schweitzer- on Stewardship yet published in Great German musician, physician, philoso- Britain. It is by the minister of the pher, missionary – well known in New Northern church, Edinburgh, and America and England, brought his ex- is a notable contribution to this vital periences up to 1924. This volume subject which is now challenging the records the story of his work from thinking of the church as never be- 1924 to 1928 when he went on fur- fore the world over. Mr. Strang relough to Europe. He is now back in gards it as nothing less than an inte- We·st Africa serving the people to gral, though long neglected part of the whom he has devoted his skill as a

BqOKS WORTH READING

Gospel. To appropriate a phrase of Dr. Schomerus shows clearly and his own, this little textbook of twelve unmistakably the principal elements chapters opens out "a tremendous in Buddhism and thus reaches the vista." Far from being a primer, deepest roots of the distinction be- though modestly offered as "a prelim- tween it and Christianity. He shows inary essay" these studies sweep the that the real difference lies in the fact wide ranges of the New Testament that Christianity is first of all con- along this line and incidentally the cerned with the conception of person- Old Testament and afford a key to un- ality and this brings him to the con- lock connections between the paBsages sideration of the question whether one of the two Testaments. They form an desires to be a personality in the invaluable contribution to the religious fullest sense of the word. The book education materials, furnishing a is a fine contribution to an under- missing link between mission study standing of Buddhism. C. T. B.

and daily life. D. MeC.

Buddha und Christus. By Professor Hilko Gandhi, Christus und wir Christen. By Wiardo Schomerus. Buchhandlung des Walter Gabriel. Buchhandlurtg des Weisenhauses. Halle. 1931. Waisenhauses. Halle. 1931.

Any publication by Dr. Schomerus, The author presents an evaluation the great authority on missions and the religions of the world, will be of Gandhi from the standpoint of hailed with joy. The present volume is particularly timely both in view of Christian teaching. When it is borne the fact that at present there is so in mind that for a long time the author much unclearness in regard to the fundamental questions of all religion had the portrait of Gandhi on his and because there is a widespread in- desk beside the picture of Christ, it clination on the part of seekers after the truth to look for comfort in other will not be feared that he does not religions. This is particularly true in regard to Buddhism, partly because of present his argument from a fair and the natural attraction in the person of unbiased standpoint. He has enthe founder of Buddhism and partly deavored to be so fair, that at times because men fancy to have discovered it seems as if he made too many conin it a guide out of the oppression of cessions to the great Indian leader. materialism. The book is a noteworthy contribu- In view of the fact that for a num- tion to the question of the religious ber of years past there has been an viewpoints of Gandhi. It draws a increasing propaganda for Buddhism clear line of distinction between the in many countries it is a matter of spiritual world of Gandhi and the great gratification that the comparison world of Christ's Gospel. As many between Buddhism and Christianity is admirers 'Of Gandhi see in him the inhere made by one of the greatest liv- corporation of Christ's ethics in the ing authorities on Bud d his m. Sermon on the Mount, they overlook Throughout the book the reader is the most important principles that dis~ conscious that the facts are presented tinguish Christ's revelation. It is to in the most frankly objective way. the credit .of Mr. Gabriel that he has brought out the great self-revelation Professor Schomerus states that he of God in Christ over against a mere aims to give an answer to four ques- ethical conception of the Gospel. He tions, namely: (1) Who is Buddha fortifies his positions by extracts from and who is Christ? (2) What are the public utterances of Gandhi and their basic views of God, the world constantly bears tribute to his lofty and man? (3) What did they aim at? ethical views. He shows the truth of (4) How did they think to carry out Gandhi's accusations against Christheir aim? tians so-called and sounds a clear note of appeal to repentance and a deeper penetration into that which actually constitutes the Gospel of Christ.

C. T. B.

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To Save Such as These Are Not Such Lives Worth Sa(ling? The American Mission to Lepers, cooperating with governments and all churches, is helping to maintain 150 Leper Homes in 40 countries- But There Is Desperate Need to extend these healing benefits to all lepers.

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LIV. No.n November

WHOM SHALL WE SEND;.?.'

BY PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia T HE~E is no subject of great- discuss it here. Preparation is er I~portance ~or all who seventy-five per cent of the reason . a;e mterested. m carrying for success or the failure, and re- ChrIst s message out mto the dark ceives little attention, whereas the place~ of the earth, than that of the technical and intellectual training s~lectI?n and pre!>aration of mis- which counts for twenty-five per SlOnarieS for servIce. cent, receives almost all the atten- As we have said, the object of tion. Here we will discuss the missionary work is to produce a other factors in preparation.

spiritual result over in Japan and The object of missionary work China and India and Arabia and is to go out and put Christ into other fields. Therefore it is most men's hearts, the hearts of those important to discuss the way to ;-vho are now preoccupied with prepare for the spiritual work that Idols of extraordinary strength, lies ahead. Technical theological ~~o are at present devotees of re- training is not ninety per cent of hglOUS systems that hold them with what is necessary for success out a tenacity that is very difficult to there, nor even fifty per cent. That represent. Missionary work is not is true of pedagogical 01' medical easy work-not because the clitraining too. Technical prepara- mate ~s bad, or health conditions tion is of importance and we should are dIfficult, but because we are prepare for the best possible work dealing with men whose hearts are but, nevertheless, we go out to th~ occupied by some other god. The mission fields first of all to bring people are .amalgamated into sysmen to Christ and to bring Christ te?Is. It IS not as though you to men. For the accomplishment trIed to shovel pebbles out of a of that purpose, all that we learn loose pile. With most of the peo- in classrooms here is less than fifty pIe among whom we work, for in- per cent of what makes for suc- stance: in Arabia, in the castes of cess or for failure over there. India, and in China, it is as though Important as this matter is, I there ~as been. liquid cement do not think that, within the last poured mto that.pIle. of pebbles and five years, it has been discussed in they are held lIke Iron; you can any convention or any course of hardly ~et more t~an a few of them study in any institution with which loose wIth dynamIte. r r am acquainted, as am going to ton• TSheemilnaasrty,ofFeabrsuearireys, of lectures ILt Prince· 1981, SOS

On the mission field we work do it? The people that God wants against spiritual forces of extraor- out there, and nobody else. While dinary power. We do not just go we ought to urge men to think out there to wheel baby carriages about the mission field and to go up and down the street; we work out if God wants them, we ought against very powerful systems, and also to urge them to stay at home because of that we should recog- unless they are convinced God nize that the work is exceedingly wants them to go out there. The difficult. That adds force to the first element in our preparation is statement that we go out there to an unshakable conviction that God do a spiritual work. Multi-million- wants us to work out there. That aires might go there together and is not saying how God will guide could not produce one convert with us to such a conviction. We are all their money. We need money, not looking for an audible voice or but we need other things a great a supernatural miracle, but for an deal more. A wonderful piece of unshakable conviction that God acarchitecture may, in a way, ob- tually calls us to the field. That jectify the beauty of holiness and is, to my mind, an indispensable the essential loveliness of the char- element in the equipment of any acter of God, but in a place like missionary who goes out with any Arabia a building of that kind expectation or hope of success in would contribute nothing to our the spiritual work that God desires spiritual ends. to have accomplished.

Stay at Home, Unless- The second element in mission- ary preparation is an adequate What preparation should we get surrender to God's will. We enter to fit us for the work that lies into the Kingdom of God by surahead? First of all we must, of rendering ourselves to Christ, but course, be sincere Christians, but we sometimes forget that we need if we are such, how can we prepare divine grace for a continued surfor this particular work to which render. It is not sufficient to surthe Lord has called us? render today and sail out to Arabia next week. We must continually The first thing to be said is that surrender in Arabia for the next a man or woman ought not to go thirty-five years, or as long as God out into Arabia or India as a mis- keeps us there. sionary until he is convinced that the Lord wants him there. In the This second task is even more old days there may have been a difficult than the first. There are very superficial discussion of what plenty of temptations in a country constitutes a missionary call, as of that kind, especially temptations though it must be a rather super- that attack us along the line of natural manifestation. But there pride. My experience has included is some truth in that. Here is no one who has been tangled up work of exceptional difficulty and in the ordinary temptations of the of exceptional importance. The flesh. though such occur. Prob- Church of Jesus Christ is to be ably you would not be attacked on founded. We are to go out and that side. but everyone is apt to be make disciples of Christ. No work assailed by subtle temptations to in the world is comparable to that pride. It is this that wrecks us in in importance. Who is to go and Christian service nine times out of

ltl:!l] WHOM SHALL WE SEND'!

ten, The temptation comes in find the lists coincide almost with- more than one way. Here is a out any variation. Our success on woman who is offended and will the mission field will depend very not speak to her missionary col- largely upon our capacity to work.

league. What is the matter? Yes- Doctors are open to great criticism terday when other people were in- because we have felt the pulse of vited, she was left out. Her whole missionaries so much and listened impression is probably wrong but to their heart and worried about she was so offended that it took the their health until we have taught active effort of the other party to the missionary body to be afraid heal the wound, It took patience lest they work too hard. More peo- and humility and submission to un- ple come back nervously broken kindness to straighten the matter down from too little work than out. We need to be prepared for from too much. What is a stand- a continual surrender out there. ard? Why not take the common Here is a doctor. How is he go- everyday standard? A little while ing to spend his time? Will he sit ago somebody was throwing a down to do personal work with the brick at the laboring man in Amer- patients, or do some piece of lab- ica because he wanted to do less oratory wor~ which will give him a than an eight-hour day's work.

bit of reputation? This fame When we work for the Lord, let us looks like a -gorgeous jewel. He not have a standard of diligence can do this work and thereby gain that is less than the standard of a reputation; he can get back a an ordinary carpenter or electri- little that he surrendered when cian. Let the eight-hour day be he went to the field. the minimum, but not necessarily Our power in the Lord's service the maximum. I think you would is going to depend upon the depth find that many ministers would of our surrender. The difference have hard work checking up between a man who has about a against that plumb line. Most of tenth of one horsepower in his us are so afraid we will overwork, spiritual life and that other man that we let half an hour go this who has fifty horsepower, is simply way and half an hour that way to a question of the depth to which no purpose.

his surrender has reached. One of our best clergymen in Afraid of Overwork Arabia told me that he had to in- crease his activities a good deal to Now let us pass on to some reach eight actual hours at his job.

things more specific. How ean I In addition to our eight hours at prepare to be the right sort of mis- our job we will put extra time on sionary? We can train ourselves correspondence and articles for to work hard. The most plebian home papers and other accessory sin in this world is the sin of lazi- stuff as we would if we were work- ness. It is also the most common. ing over here for the Telephone If you could make a list of mission- Company. That is hard work, but aries and classify them 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, unless we can do an honest day's on the basis of their capacity for work, we need not expect the hard work at their job, and later Lord's blessing. If our mission- classify them as God judges accom- aries would work eight full hours plishment, I believe that you would a day at the job of bringing the

Gospel message to one individual In our Bahrein hospital we de- soul after another, we would begin cided to experiment. As we take to have more results. That eight down the history of a case, noting hours belongs to the Lord, it be- every day the treatment and reac- longs to the church that sent us tion, so we decided to keep a spir- out, it belongs to those church itual history of all the patients.

members who have sacrificed to We wrote down what kind of Mo- support us. It is very important hammedans they were, and how that outside our work hours we much contact they had had with maintain our touch with friends at Christ's truth-which was mostly home, if we want to retain those none. Then we treated them with friends. various kinds of spiritual medicine.

There are many things that help We tried the dogmatic and system- us save time and energy. A filing atic presentations of the Gospel; . cabinet is worth its weight in gold. God's holiness and man's sin and A half hour spent with an account- the need for a Saviour. We tried ant or in a business office, or with the historical presentation, the some stenographer can teach us prophesies about Christ and His methods and filing systems that life and death and resurrection.

will save days of work. It is worth We tried the parables, and then we while. Reduce the time spent in sometimes used to open the New accessory activity so that you have Testament at random. Each day eight hours left for the honest the results were put down. On work of bringing Christ into con- January 5th Adela was given the tact with men that need Him. parable of the prodigal. Did he A Clear Message like it? Did he understand it Z Did it make him angry? Did he If the first element in the suc- go to sleep? What did happen to cess of a missionary is his capacity him? That was all put down on the to work, then the second element record. We tried to treat every is a flexible and growing message. patient almost every day. So at Perhaps I tread upon treacherous the end of the year we had some ground in this part of the discus- interesting records to study.

sion, but I believe in the Gospel of We could only discover one as- our Lord Jesus Christ. We need to pect of the Gospel that had any study the people among whom we great appeal upon its first presen- work so that we' can present it tation, and that is the mystical as- most effectively. pect of the Gospel-the vine and The people in these lands find it the branches, the bread of life, and, difficult to understand Christ's most of all, the good shepherd.

message. Suppose I stand up and Thereafter we used that almost al- say, "Believe on the Lord Jesus ways as our initial presentation.

Christ and thou shalt be saved." "The Living Christ and Dying Those to whom I am talking do not Heathenism," by Dr. Warneck of know what I mean by "believe." the South Sea Islands reports that They have never heard of the Lord out there they found the best in- Jesus Christ. They have not the itial presentation to be the an- faintest conception of what it nouncement that those who believe means to be saved. So we seek a in Christ need not be afraid of evil simpler presentation. spirits. That is the initial presen-

WHOM SHALL WE SEND?

tation that really penetrates deep ample and work than a man has enough to be understood and ap- when he leaves the seminary. We preciated a little. The search for must have not only a flexible and a that point of contact will continue growing message but we must have as long as you are on the field. a growing understanding of Christ I remember being faced with the and His teachings for ourselves.

problem of preaching on the street I despair of any missionary be- in Bahrein which had been for- ing able to handle the situation bidden. As we took our dispensary that he meets out in Arabia, at work to different villages, we least, unless his own devotional Bi- found that at the end of the morn- ble study reveals now and then ing's work there was half an hour great magnificent jewels of truth or an hour, as we sat out next to never dreamed of before. A man the road, when a crowd of fifty to who sees no more in Christ's teach- a hundred people gathered. I used ings at the end of ten years after to open my reading with that verse his graduation here than he saw in the Sermon on the Mount: when he was graduated is no man "Lay not up for yourselves treas- for missionary work. We need the ures where moth and rust consume vitality and the freshness that we and where. thieves break through get if our own comprehension is and steal." It was a surprise to fresh and vital and growing.

those people to have that word. Without question some mission- There was no danger of their aries ought to study the religions breaking that commandment. To of the people to whom they go, but have their poverty dignified as obe- most of us are far better advised dience to a divine commandment to let that kind of study alone. It was very acceptable to them. That will be better for us if, instead of was our introduction. Then we spending hours on the study of would go on and try never to stop Hinduism or Mohammedanism, we until we had reached a discussion spent that time on the study of of the parable, "I am the good Christ's message and example and shepherd," or a discussion of the their implications and application crucifixion and the atonement. to the situations that we face; then This is what I mean by a flexible we will have a message that will or varied message. Christ was amount to something.

marvelously varied in the way he Do not waste time on the study met men. The woman at the well of Hinduism and Mohammedanism was not taught the same thing as and Buddhism, but put time on the Nicodemus or Zaccheus or the devotional and sympathetic and Pharisee who invited Jesus out to personal study of the message of dinner. We also must have an ex- Christ, so that you begin to see in ceedingly flexible message. it wonderful and magnificent Keep Up-to-Date things that were never taught you and that you can, therefore, pre- To present to different people sent to the people you meet.

that aspect of the Gospel which fits If the first element in our prep- into their minds requires a much aration is the gaining of a capacity more profound and extensive and for hard work and the second a truly sympathetic understanding of growing and flexible message, a Christ and His message, of His ex" knowledge of Christ that increases

rIlE MISSIONARY RI<;VIJ<;W OJ<' THE WOI~L

all the time, then the third, I think, sionary maintains, he would find is unquestionably the training of himself still below some Indians or ourselves in sacrifice. There we Arabs around him in a coast city.

have a difficult subject. Why does Or, if he wrapped one cloth around Mr. Gandhi have such an enormous him and ate one handful of rice a influence in India? It is not be- day, there would still be people be- cause he has such a tremendous low him. As we work from the mind or that his economic program richest down to the poorest it is commands great respect. But Mr. purely a question of judgment as Gandhi has fallen into the earth to which point in that scale we are and died so far as his own self-in- going to imitate. We can not do dulgences are concerned. Christ better than to follow the example said that if we fall into the earth of Christ. He did not go down to and die, we bring forth much fruit, the very bottom of the scale as a otherwise we do not. beggar starving in the street, How Much Sacrifice ~ nevertheless he was not a rich mil- lionaire with soft clothes and The principle of self-sacrifice is jewels. Christ set himself low in essential. I learned a lot when I the scale and there is where we first went ,out to Arabia from an ought to set ourselves.

assistant I had in the hospital who That, of course, in these days is was a converted Afghan. J alalah a most unwelcome teaching, but, and his brother Rakmandan used after all, it is Christ's own ex- to sit and talk with me. They had ample, and if we can talk with not the slightest respect for any re- those Orientals and get their reac- ligious representative whose life tion, we will recognize that they was characterized by what they at least understand this.

would interpret as self-indulgence. If we prepare to work hard at They are not worshipers of abso- our task; if we devote our whole lute ::.estheticism, but in their time to Christ and his message and mind, as in God's mind, self-indul- develop an adaptable message; if gence is the antithesis to the re- we prepare for real sacrifice, then ligious life. You cannot put the I believe we have adopted the three two in the same compartment. A elements of importance in the missionary who is self-indulgent in preparation for missionary work.

his expenditure, in what he eats I want to add one more which, per- and in what he wears; who looks haps, ought to have been put in the out on missionary life as an easy general preparation. We must thing, should stay at home. The train ourselves to pray. We often Oriental understands that when a have to pray a long time without man pretends to bring out God's seeing an answer, and it is some- message, to be a prophet with a times difficult to keep our prayers gospel, that man cannot be self-in- keen and full of faith and our at- dulgent. titude toward God as enthusiastic We must be prepared for sacri- and to realize that God is working fice. How much sacrifice? Ob- even when we can not see the re- viously, we are dealing with a sit- sults.

uation where judgments differ. It There are mission fields where would not make any difference how the answers to prayer come more expensive an establishment a mis- quickly, but there is no field where

WHOM SHALL WE SEND?

a man is safe who has not learned work includes, no doubt, many to pray. It may seem like a bit of technical things. These things are lega)ism, hut a man cannot safely more important-the capacity for come out to the mission field who hard work; much attention to does not set aside half an hour or Christ and a growing knowledge more every day to pray. It is true of Him and His message; ability that Christ sets us no such example to adapt His message to individual of mechanical regularity, but you needs; training in sacrifice; and and I live in an artificial civiliza- finally training in the art of tion and to gain any time for prayer. prayer most of us have to set aside a certain area which we rigorously Missionaries who can come out guard from other things. trained in these ways will be suc- cessful. One more word, and that I do not believe in the appoint- is, we not only must learn how to ment of missionary candidates who pray, but we need to build up at do not know how to pray. Mis- home a constituency of friends who sionaries must hold time free for will pray with us and for us. We prayer at the expense of great ef- must not come out to the missionfort for we need that time for ary field single-handed, we need at twenty other· things. That is the least a dozen or two dozen intimate fourth element in our preparation friends behind us who are going -to learn to pray. We might bet- to pray for us. Develop that kind ter fail in our other examinations of a constitutency. It is a matter than to fail to pray at least half an of the greatest importance so that hour every day. spiritual power of that entire . Preparation for missionary group may be enlisted.

PRAYING FOR MISSIONARIES BY NAME BY ADONIRAM JUDSON GORDON PRAYING for missionaries by name is another means for draw- ing out our interest toward the foreign fields.

Wholesale intercession has always a dangerous tendency. Prayers which are so inclusive that they cease to be incisive, which take in so many interests that they take hold of none-who has not been wearied by such comprehensively feeble intercession? Christians have as much need to be on their guard against platitudinarianism as against latitudinarianism. Evangelical vagueness of desire and petition is a weariness to God and to men.

Instead of praying for the Lord's blessing on our mission fields and upon our missionary brethren in general, let us make a list of their names, and take some of them before the throne of grace each day. Let us make ourselves acquainted with their circumstances of trial or success so that we will have definite petitions or thanksgiving for them. Let the missionaries send home specific requests for prayer, and let them be taken up for definite remembrance.

OU'l'SIDE THE ATTRACTIVE BRITISH-AMERICAN HOSPITAL IN

A MINISTER OF MERCY IN PERU BY SAMUEL GUY INMAN, New York Secretary oj the Comndttee on Coopc1'ati01l in lAlUn America A MESSENGER enters the Others in Peru may not have beautiful palm-bedecked pa- serum for immediate treatment, tio of an old building of or might be batHed by the long Moorish architecture in the sub- distance to the town, three days urbs of Lima, Peru. He rushes by boat and train. But this man through the corridors to a room is accustomed to call on science where sit several immaculately and on humans to help him allecapped and gowned nurses. The viate suffering. A fellow countryone in charge of the office opens the man, who has established a flymissive which states that diph- ing field, is called by telephone. theria has broken out in an inland "Yes," comes the reply, "I will take city. There is no anti-toxin to com- the anti-toxin." While the plane is bat it and anxious parents implore being warmed up, the anti-toxin is the missionary doctor at Lima to hurried to the field by auto. It rush anti-toxin to save their chil- gives one a thrill to see that bird dren. The Chief, to whom every- of mercy rise into the air and fly one tells his troubles, is not easy to over the Andes, an hour after the find among the sick scattered appeal had been received. That through the patios, in the operat- same afternoon anxious parents reing room, one of his laboratories, ceive the healing balm that meant in the dark room or in the dispen- life to their children. sary. When he is found, we see a real leader swing into action. Here is romance and religion in the tropics. To me the incident 812

A MINISTER OF MERCY IN PERU

conveyed a thriH I shall never for- formed, though the patient was too get. To the Chief of the British weak for anything but a local anes- American Hospital it was only one thetic. The Chief kept him cheered of many incidents in a day's work. up with stories, while he pumped Dr. MacCornack's day usually more than half a gallon of pus out begins at 5: 30 A. M., with a brisk of the liver, sewed him up with the ride along the seashore on a favor- rapidity of a Singer machine, with ite Argentine pony. After a 7: 30 more drains arranged than are breakfast the head nurses receive found in an ordinary bathroom.

their instructions for the day, the In a few days the old man was on more critical patients are visited, the road to recovery.

and the first operation is per- What an international crowd we formed. Here we see the king on find among the sixty patients in the his throne! This man may be able hospital wards. Here is a Texan to ride, to shoot, to fish and to tell who has been railroading in Peru good stories; he may be a fine for thirty years; thez:e is the Brit- photographer, a chemist, an elec- ish Minister to Peru; here is the trician, a successful business man- wife of a Peruvian evangelical pas- ager, the respected mayor of his tor who has taken advantage of the little Peruvian suburb. But above hospital to have her baby born un- everything else, he is a skillful der sanitary conditions; there is surgeon. When he swings into a Scotch nurse recovering after six this job, there is no mistake that he months' battle with germs she had – is in his element. A young army contracted in a neighboring institu- of assistants jump to comply with tion. Others include a Japanese commands as if they had been Charge d'Affairs, a German busi- stimulated with an electric cur- ness man, a Quechua Indian peon, rent. Several distinguished sur- an American "beach-comber," an geons may have asked permission Illinois mission-school teacher; to watch this man of reputed mar- through the various wards one may velous power. But he will tell you trace the map of the world.

that it is quite simple: First, be The whole responsibmty for the; sure that you know what is the hospital rests upon Dr. MacCor- trouble with your patient; second, nack. A young assistant is doing deal gently with the insides of the the best he can and Mrs. MacCor- friend on the table; third, keep nack is remarkably efficient in studying every case, and learn as business details. The American much as possible from the experi- and Peruvian nurses are enthusi- ences of others. astic and efficient, but everyone Many different kinds of opera- in the whole institution looks to the tions are done here and some mar- Chief for the final word.

velous cures are effected. One old After luncheon, in the attractive Peruvian gentleman was brought living quarters which Mrs. McCor- to the hospital when all other med- nack has arranged in the rear of ical men had given him up. He the main patio, the Chief shows us looked too far gone to be saved, some movies taken of recent opera- but in a few hours the Doctor had tions. (Think of having your own put him through various tests and operation reeled off before you as had discovered a strange disease of the wielder of the knife explains the liver. The operation was per- just how and why it was done!)

Then we examine the different emanates from the Christian Dikinds of cameras kept by this lover rector of this institution and his of photography, we inspect the associates. model kitchen and refrigerating plant which the Chief has installed Eight years ago Dr. and Mrs. with the proceeds from recent op- MacCornack went to Peru from erations; we stop to pay a hurried Wisconsin where he had attained visit to the pets, the monkeys, par- success in surgery, was president rots and dogs, which help to amuse of a hospital and director of a the big family. bank. Bishop Oldham of the Methodist Episcopal Church had The clinic takes up most of the recently agreed to supply the perafternoon, for a crowd of the needy sonnel of a hospital in Peru if the 'l'HE DOCTOR AND NUR!lING !lTAFF IN THE I,TMA MISSION HOSPITAL from all classes come from Lima British and American communities and Callao. After dinner, the final in Lima and Callao would furnish rounds must be made, and then the the property. The MacCornacks medico takes his rest by putting on heard the call to go to this, to them, a concert for the patients! His in- unknown city and offered to congenuity has hooked up loud speak- tribute a year of service. There ers to an insignificant little port- were only three patients in the hosable victrola so that the music is pital when they arrived; equipnot only carried to all the three ment was of the scantiest. The patios, but also to the city park new doctor spent his first five days where all the community enjoys it. largely in making with his own hands a light for the operating It is scarcely too much to say room. At this juncture the manthat the whole West Coast of South ager of one of the big American America if! feeling the f!pirit that

firms was seized with a strangu- dents in training, is run without lated hernia and requested to be any appropriation from the Mistaken to the newly arrived Ameri- sion Board. The British and can doctor. The doctor had fin- American communities provided ished his operating lamp five min- the buildings. utes before the patient's arrival. Without this he could not use the Far-reaching results may be exoperating room. The two stran- pected from the work of the Perugers exchanged a few words and vian girls who are being trained the sufferer was laid on the table. and sent out each year as nurses. The operation was successful and They are given three years in the a firm friendship was established nurses' school and are fitted to between these two families. serve in public health programs, in other hospitals or in private cases. The one year of free missionary Their influence is already being service has now lengthened into felt in the struggle to improve the eight. Last year the expenses of general health in Peru. the institution amounted to $131,- 000, every cent of which was paid All who have "done time" in the from surgical fees and other hos- British and American Hospital pital receipts. This unique mis- have a warmth of feeling toward sionary enterprise, staffed by the this institution. To have lived with chief surgeon and his assistant, by the Chief and his assistants has eight American and eight Peruvian made life sweeter, has brought God nurses, and a group of forty stu- nearer, and has made Christ more real.

WHAT IS CHRISTIANITY?

C HRISTIANITY is not the established religion of a common- wealth, lest the laws of men become entangled with the laws of the Lord, which are perfect, and the State be found dis- puting for supremacy with the sovereign God.

Neither is Christianity the religion of custom, seeing that the changing traditions of men often modify the Word of God, from which it has been declared that "no jot nor tittle shall pass."

Christianity is not the religion of a human creed, remember- ing that plenary inspiration passed out with the apostles, and no· church has ever been competent to indite a document which shall improve on what the New Testament records once for all.

What then is Christianity? Christianity is the religion based on our faith in and our relation to a Person-a Person whose life was recorded faithfully by men w:ho knew Him in the flesh; a Person whose oneness with the Father was authenticated by many signs and wonders; whose winsome spirit was such as to draw to His side rich men, rulers, outcasts and little children; one who died that we might live; at whose exit the mountains were rent; and whose legacy opened up a fountain of hope for all people.

That Divine Person is none other than He who said, "I am the Way, the Truth, and the Life." JOHN JETER HURT, D.D.

WE REVIVE THE LAYMEN?*

BY THE REV. CORNELIUS H. PATTON, D.D.

Author of ""Go-d'8 Warld/) etc.

T WENTY-FIVE years ago, happened, he said: "We didn't do when a group of laymen met much else but pray. I never have in the Fifth Avenue Presby- attended such a meeting in my life.

terian Church of New York for It was the Haystack affair moved conference and prayer over the to New York. We organized not missionary situation, it was under a society but a movement. It will the pressure of the idea that the be interdenominational but will world had swung into a new posi- seek to place behind the various tion of missionary opportunity. boards the loyal and intelligent They felt that the time had come support of the men of the church- for the laymen of the Church to es."

stand by the cause of world evan- Conventions were held in the gelization in an organized and ag- leading cities of the United States gressive way. If the Church was and Canada and in multitudes of to enter into the new opportunities smaller places. The Movement had in a large and hopeful manner, the courage–shall I say the au- there must be the mobilization of dacity-to make those conventions the lay element in every denomina- self-supporting by charging admis- tion. sion. "What! expect men to pay In the minutes of that New York for attending a missionary meet- meeting, I find that, preceding the ing! Preposterous !" But they resolutions, were these statements: did, and that in astonishing num- WHEREAS, The greatly increased bers. Then came a series of conparticipation of the present genera- structive measures. More courtion of responsible business and pro- age; more audacity. When Camp- fessional men is essential to the widest bell White (the first secretary) and most productive use of the exist- proposed that the only way to suping missionary agencies, and is equally port missions church-wise was to vital to the growth of the spiritual make a house-to-house canvass of life at home, and the parish, and to have the canvass conducted by lawyers, bankers, WHEREAS, In the management of judges, and business men of large large business and political responsi- affairs and wide reputation, some bilities such men have been greatly of us gasped. "It can't be done; used and honored. Therefore be it they never will volunteer for serv- Resolved, Etc. ice like that." But the thing was These were not idle words. They done and in a few years the "Every were drawn up and signed by mEln of importance in the business and Member Canvass" became the acprofessional world. When Dr. cepted method of finance in every Samuel B. Capen (who became the progressive church. Let us hand first chairman) returned to Bos- the palm to the laymen of twentyton and informed me of what had five years ago for inventing a de- o Edited and Condensed from the original vice which no minister would have pa~~~e::;t. °li S~t~hia rs'.iir.es~. ~~~~!~r:,~ry dared suggest.

816 Alas! in 1919 it was decided, 1. By reading, study, discussion, after long debate, to merge the they must be made intelligent upon Laymen's Missionary Movement in world conditions as these affect the the Inter-church World Movement, prospects of Christ. Where are we with the result that the incentive in the progress of the Kingdom?

of this great enterprise was lost in What are the new forces, favor- the wreck of the attempt to cap- able and unfavorable, with which italize for missions and beneficence we have to deal? What changes the solidarity, the enthusiasm of are demanded in missionary atti- the War period, already on the tude, theory and procedure? What wane. are the demands of stewardship in The Central Division Committee a day like this? As Dr. J. H. Old- of the Laymen's Missionary Move- ham, of the International Mission- ment, with headquarters in Chi- ary Council, once remarked, "In cago, opposed the merger with the the Church, as in the political Inter-Church World Movement but realm, the future lies with the man after long debate adopted the fol- who thinks."

lowing: 2. The new movement, like the Resolved, That the Central Division old, should be interdenominational.

Committee suspend activities and ap- It should not be split up into affilipoint a Committee on Resumption which will be in readiness to under- ated denominational movements take its task as soon as the time may for men. The old Laymen's Misbe propitious. sionary Movement was seriously weakened by the denominations This committee called a confer- taking up the idea on their own ence in May, 1922, and voted to re- account, so that in many cases sume activities. The reorganized business men visualized the work committee was, however, hindered as merely denominational propain getting under way until 1927. ganda and the larger incentive was They have sought to conserve the lost. The laymen of today have it old name and to revive the old spir- in their power to reenforce imit. measurably the conception of mis- sions as the enterprise of a steadily Today we are living in a new unifying Church, one direction, at world of opportunity and of peril. least, in which we can dispose our The War has drawn a sharp line forces for the success of Christianthrough the history and program ity as a whole. of every political and social institution. The cause of foreign mis- A strictly interdenominational sions has been affected in notable movement also is free from the netways. A new generation has come work of restrictions and relationupon the scene. New attitudes are ships which characterize our purebeing formed. New theories pre- ly denominational efforts. For the vail. There are new laymen to be most part these are necessary, and enlisted, and they have the opportunity of the ages. within their sphere are of great In any attempt to rally our value, but there should be room for Christian laymen to a new and the free movement and initiative effective support of missions, the of unecclesiastical groups. The conditions of success appear to me genius of our business men has not to include the following: been exhausted by the invention of 2

the Budget and the Every Member blend of existing faiths. They will Canvass. think of Christian missions as the giving of the best–God's best–to 3. There is a demand for more a suffering world. A sympathetic intensive work in adult missionary approach to the peoples of other education than the old-time con- faiths, a glad and generous recogvention method makes possible. nition of high and permanent val- Big conventions may still have ues in other religions-yes, by all their value, but emphasis should means. But a reality-loving Chrisbe placed upon the reaching of tian business man, if he is to back smaller and more influential a world movement for Christ, will groups of prominent business men, do so because he believes the reand officers of local churches. ligion of Christ is supreme and final. 4. Our laymen will rise above the present timidity in appealing We believe that the time is ripe for money. They are dealing with for a revival of lay activity and inmoney all the time and are not itiative in behalf of missions at afraid to ask for it in a good cause. home and abroad. The movement They are not afraid of the word which started the Every Member promotion. They believe that Canvass and the Church Budget money, as the expression of per- and which has been instrumental sonality, is sacred. They realize in aligning tens of thousands of that in the cause of Christ it can business men in 'missionary belief be made immortal. and activity-the enterprise which inaugurated a new era of mission- 5. Finally, our laymen will be ary support-such a movement, if free from the weakness of present- again given a prominent place in day theological speculation. They our counsels and programs, may will want a motive and a message prove the means of leading us out that ring with the faith and the of the present wilderness of critioptimism of Jesus Christ. It is in- cism, hesitation and receding devoconceivable that they will fall in tion on the part of many in the with the idea that Christianity is Church. but one among many religions, or that the ultimate religion is to be a CHRISTIAN STEWARDSHIP Two brothers in New York went into partnership as bankers and brokers. One promised God that when he had accumulated a capital of $100,000, he w()uld retire from business and give the rest of his life to Christian work. He did so, and became one of the greatest Sunday-school workers in America. He was the author of many books on the Sunday school, and acted as the moving spirit in the Sunday-school world. He influenced hundreds of young people to go into Christian work and led thousands of boys and girls to give their lives to Christ. He did not leave much of an estate when he died but he laid up spiritual treasure on earth and in heaven.

His brother continued to give all his time to the banking and brokerage business, but all he left behind when he died was money. There was no evident print of sacrificial service.

Who served men and God best and which one left the largest heritage?

WORLD STEWARDSHIP

BY DAVID McCONAUGHY, D.D., Montclair, N. J.

Author of UMoney.. the Acid Tcst/' (("Mather Earth/' etc.

T HE foundations of the first at the zero hour in the Church of World Stewardship Confer- England. All other branches of ence, which met recently in the Church are ahead of us." Pro- the historic Tolbooth Church, viding himself with textbooks and Edinburgh, were laid several years pamphlets, he has set out to change before 'it opened. In December, that situation and an Anglican 1926, the General Assembly of the Stewardship Commission is now at United Church in India (North) work along this line.

invited the writer to assist in in- Baptist, Congregational, Anglistalling stewardship in its pro- can, Presbyterian, Primitive Meth- gram. Without knowing of this odist and Wesleyan missionary ex- action, the General Assembly of ecutives and the General Assem- the United Church in Korea sent blies of the Church of Scotland and a similar invitation. A little later Ireland are also taking steps in the a similar r~quest came from the same direction. Instructions were Evangelical Union of Churches in given to Scotch ministers to preach the Philippines and the National stewardship during the week of Council leaders in China and Ja- the World Stewardship Confer- pan followed. Across Asia, from ence. The like of this had not been Bombay to Tokyo at sixty-five cen- known in Great Britain before.

ters, I met in conference thousands The General Assembly of the of leaders of the younger churches Church of Scotland recommended to discuss the principles and meth- permanent provision for the incul- ods of stewardship. cation of Stewardship as a recog- On my way out to India, I nized part of the Church's prostopped in the British Isles to meet gram. This recommendation was groups of ministers and laymen in unanimously adopted.

Glasgow, Edinburgh, Dundee and The Stewardship Conference London, and as a result the pro- opened with a special service in posal was made to hold a World old St. Giles Cathedral, marked by Stewardship Conference in Great a stately dignity. Dr. Ware, Dean Britain. As a result the officers of of the Thistle and Chapel Royal, the International Association for preached on stewardship that Church Finances in Great Britain afternoon with great earnestness.

and the United Stewardship Coun- Among the notables taking part cil of America drafted a program in the conference was the Earl which came to fruition during the of Home, genial Chairman of the Conference which met in Edin- International Association for burgh last summer. Church Finances, who entertained The Venerable Archdeacon some 200 of the delegates at his Smythe, who was delegated from charming home "Birsel" out in the Anglican Church Assembly, the Scott country. It was remark- addressing the Church Assembly able that of the more than fifty at Lambeth said, "Stewardship is who had been assigned parts in the 819

program from near and far, the Four commissions in America had Hon. Lord Sands, who was over- been at work for months and their taken by blindness, and Dr. James reports came as a revelation to Black, prevented by an accident, most of those attending the conferwere the only expected speakers ence. An exhibit including some who were absent. Others who at- 300 titles of stewardship pamtended were: Sir William Hender- phlets (selected out of 1000 availson, Lord Polwarth, Sir D. Y. Cam- able) and 49 textbooks served to eron, Dr. John White, of Barony visualize what has been done in Church, Glasgow; Principal W. F. this field during a decade or two. Lofthouse of Birmingham; the On the other side, the first stew- Very Rev. J. Harry Miller, Edin- ardship textbook produced as yet burgh; Mr. Ernest Brown, M. P., has recently come from the press, who, judging by the masterly way "Studies in Christian Stewardhe conducted the session on "The ship" by Rev. D. W. P. Strang, World Challenge of the Church of M.C., M.A. of Edinburgh, who Today," will prove a leader to be made one of the strongest adreckoned with in Parliament; the dresses of the conference on "All Venerable Archdeacon Smythe, Life as a Stewardship." With this who missed nothing in the entire should be bracketed "The Chalprogram; the Dean of Armagh, lenge of the Growing Influence of one of the representatives of the the Material," by Ralph L. Cush- Church of Ireland; the Most Rev. man of Rochester, N. Y. W. J. F. Robberds, Bishop of Brechin and Primus of the Epis- The conference was designed to copal Church in Scotland; Canon be not only inspirational and edu- R. J. Mackay, of the same, who cational but also promotional in extook in everything; Mr. S. E. tending stewardship principles and Hodgkin, a founder of the Friends' practice. Conditions which have Trust, Ltd.; Mr. John B. Gotts, been ripening for some years were Chairman of the Congregational calling loudly for a cooperative Union of London; Dr. Adolph Kel- movement extending this neglected ler, of Geneva; Oberkansistarial- aspect of the Gospel to the younger rat Gustavus and Pastor Harney churches on the mission fields, as of Berlin; Mr. Bahari Lall Rallia well as to the older and desperately Ram, General Secretary of the Na- needy churches of Europe. Hithtional Council, Y. M. C. A. of In- erto no channel had been opened dia and Prof. A. M. Daula, La- to serve this purpose. What rehore, India. Of the Canadian del- sponse would the first World Stewegation may be mentioned only Dr. ardship Conference make? The W. M. Rochester, Chairman of the response was not merely in the Western Section, Pan-Presbyte- ringing addresses which marked rian Alliance, and Dr. Peter Bryce, every session, but in the definite both of Canada. Nine members of plan of action which emerged at the United Stewardship Council of the close, providing for concerted the U. S. A. and Canada attended action in which the stronger naand made valuable contributions; tional groups will aid the weaker, Agar, Crawford, Howser, Lampe, the world around. Out of the con- Long, Lovejoy, McConaughy, Myers and Mrs. James Duguid, Jr. ference there is to emerge a World Stewardship. Union, with a coun- cil to be resolved into two sections,

THE WORLD STEWARDSHIP CONFERENCE

one with headquarters in U. S. A., for Bible classes; a handbook for including council members resident office bearers. The Committee on in North, Central and South Amer- Education for the Ministry is ica, Bahamas, Japan, Chosen, asked to arrange for embodying China and the Philippines and an- Stewardship in pastoral theology other, with headquarters in Great literature for divinity students. Britain, including members resi- Presbyteries are asked to arrange dent in Europe, Western Asia, In- for speakers to present the subject dia, Burma, Ceylon, Malaysia, at their meetings and to appoint Australia, New Zealand, the action Stewardship committees to propaof either section to become effec- gate it among ministers and office tive only when ratified by the bearers. These and other measother. Thus ample scope for in- ures already adopted evidence the itiative is afforded, while preserv- thoroughness with which the ing the integrity of the organiza- Scotch churches are taking up this tion. vital matter. And· this is typical of the spirit in which the delegates In Scotland good progress is be- went down from the Tolbooth ing made in providing educational Church and away to the ends of material, such as textbooks, leaf- the earth with a new vision and a lets, posters, etc., for use in their new passion. congregations; articles in Life CLnd Work, youth magazines and the The story of the Conference has been isgeneral press; Sunday School syl- sued in a book which may be obtained through labuses for lessons and textbooks Mr. H. S. Myers, Secretary of the United Stew- ardship Council, U. S. A., 152 Madison Avenue, New York, at 60 cents a copy.

MISSIONARY GIVING Dr. A. L. Warnshuis of the International Missionary Council has prepared the following table showing the aggregate expenditures of the missionary societies cooperating in the national missionary organizations represented in the International Missionary Council for the years 1927 to 1929. The figures for 1930 and 1931 will probably show considerable decrease.

I i . Average I 1929 Aggrl'gate 1927 1928 : Roar I Expenditu:re EXChange, Reduced to Dollars Australia ………. ,£ 285,701 285,701' –2-85-,-7-01-21'4.86625 :-$-1-,-39-0-,2-9-2-.4-9 Belgium ………… Fr. 145,684' : 207,828 Ii 166.672 .. 0278 Denmark ………. Kr. 2,021,713 i 2,061.520 I 1,971,014 •. 268 4,820.38 Finland (2 societies) M. France …………. Fr. 540.926.38 Germany ………• :M. Great Britain …… ,£ 4,433,839 i 4,241,2891 4,691,507 'I .025185 112,212.90 Latin America ….. $ 3,835,834 3,381,966 3,980,402 .031)175 146,231.03 Netherlands ……. FI. 5,728,059. 5,860,400 6,086,209 .. 238 1,402,190.33 New Zealand ……. [ ,£ U. S. A. and Oanada' $ 2,349,502 . 2,308,704 2,295,021 4.86625 11,280,171.88 Norway ………… KI'. Sweden ………….. Kr. 4,402,657 3,700.1841 …… : 4.051,420.00 Switzerland ••…..• ! Fr. 1,385.317 1,350,564 1,179,000 .402 , 524,593.92 South Africa ••…•• j £ 95,000 96,950 96,9504.86625 i 468,619.88 31.346,972 27,515,956 28,523,939! …… i 29,128,956.00 33,,884974,.302070' 3,240.510 1,796,000 1.268 I 797,792.32 4,016,107 4,625,916 .268 : 1,115,715.36 1,594,925 1,322,887 1,507,203 .193 284,675.97 100,000 100,000 140,000 4.86625 I 551,506.71 $51,800.125.55 1 Figures for 1926. 2 Figures for 1927. 3 EXI'II1,sive of expenditure in Latin America.

WORKING MAN AND THE

BY THE REV. EDGAR M. WAHLBERG, Denver, Colorado Pa8tor oj Grace aon~munity ChU1"oh EVERY individual has a right this light the Church must confess to live completely the full that it has not adequately served range of creative possibility, the needs of the working man.

both as a unit and as a member of More often it has embarrassed him. society. Application to this right Too often in his darkest hour and involves specific interests and prob- most terrible need, the Church has lems. To the working man, the spe- refused to lift a finger in his becific application is largely tied up half.

with economic well being. Charity and philanthropy be- The Church dare not limit itself come a patch on the social fabric through which may still be seen the to purely religious problems; it hideousness of it all. In the presmust face also the ethical and prac- ent order, one cannot outrun ignotical if it is to help the working rance, superstition, injustice, sufman. Poverty may have led St. fering, exploitations, fears, hun- Francis into the Church and holi- ger, rags, awfulness. The best is ness; nevertheless, poverty leads often bad. Appearances do not a greater number away from the save. Worst of all, and over it all, Church. is the ever present and grim figure of privilege. In our confused social order, the Church cannot deny one of the two In order to help the working conflicting alternatives, paternal- man, the Church must endorse or, ism and trusteeship, or complete as Bishop McConnell has sugdemocracy. If the Church chooses gested, must baptize and take into the former theory, it is in easy its fellowship only that social orcompany and well entrenched. It der which the Church is sure has is then a free agency to inspire the been completely converted. The erection of philanthropic institu- working man must eventually meet tions and to spend increasing mil- his own needs. If these needs are lions in charity, without any seri- to be met through the Church, the ous analysis of the status quo. As working man must be in the such, the Church will have the full Church. He will not come to the confidence of the powerful, and can Church until his confidence is reenjoy frank optimism. Because stored. this theory is held by the dominant group, it will be complacently ac- Generally, the worker is outside cepted by many in all walks of life, of the Church, and where he is asincluding many working men who sociated with a workers' movemay find that the system does ment, he is prejudiced against the serve him to a certain extent. Church. To gain his confidence, the Church must know how labor If, however, the Church chooses thinks and feels. The intelligent complete democracy, its function is worker is certain that the Church far more difficult. Its effort may as a whole is influenced by the ultimately shake the foundations dominant economic life of the day, of long accepted institutions. In 822 and is unacquainted with his essen- effective these resolutions have tial needs or struggles. been may be indicated by a Social There are churches and church Service report in a Methodist Con- leaders preparing the way for a ference, in which the Commission new day of evangelization. Some undertook to discover the actual of these are as effective as any out- status of the "Social Creed of the side of the Church. They voice the Churches," and of the social mind- plight of the worker not as a victim edness of the conference member- of charity, but as a responsible ship. The questionnaire was sent agency in the creative genius and to 157 pastors representing all power of society. They stand for types of churches. The report fundamental adjustment and clearly indicated that fully "half change, offering labor a just place of the laymen are relatively indif- in the cooperative challenge of the ferent to the social implications of Church. They want labor to speak the GospeL" In spite of the dis- for itself, and they aim that labor ciplinary request that the social shall be heard. creed be read once a year, less than Some feel that this is flirting one-third of the churches gave any with radical propoganda. It is not attention to it. In still fewer as radical as it seems, if we recog- churches were the annual reports nize that' the function of the of the Social Service Commission Church is to christianize and to es- called to the attention of the con- tablish a Kingdom of God on earth. gregations. In less than half of Until today the christianization of the churches no particular atten- our capitalistic society has been tion seemed to have been given to largely the capitalization of Chris- social subjects in the educational tianity. An honest attempt to programs.

christianize the worker would A Social Creed Questionnaire bring the Church much nearer the highway of God. The writer, in teaching a course Bishop McConnell says: "The in "The Church and Industry" at trouble with all social systems is an Epworth League Institute, be- that they need Christian birth into gan the course with a social creed a new spirit. It is no doubt quix- questionnaire on the first day, to otic when a preacher tries to bring discover how much these Methodist labor radicalism into line with the young people were thinking about spirit of Jesus, but it is no more such matters. There were twelve quixotic than to attempt to get oil questions. Ninety-nine members kings, and steel kings, and meat of the class replied.

kings, and grain kings to rule pri- In answer to the question, marily for the service of the gov- "What do you think of Russia?" erned. It is a strenuous task, any only ten responded with even a suway you look at it, this task of in- perficial understanding. Most of stitutional regeneration and sanc- the opinions expressed indicated tification." * hearsay and prejudice, suggesting Most denominations have made every conceivable color, such as fairly definite pronouncements sug- "uncivilized," "infiuencing world gesting radical movements along for the bad," "primitive laws and the whole Church front. Just how ideas," "radical and dangerous,"

• LivIng Together," page 110. etc.

There were sixty-one different taken seriously its application to reasons given for the present de- the needs of the working man.

pression, ranging from war and The irony of it all was revealed over-production, to Hoover, pessi- in a delegation from a mining mists, Kaiser Wilhelm and Com- town, which, in desiring to be dis- munists. Blame for the depression tinct, dressed as miners, with extended from foreigners, inven- miners' caps. The members of this tors, gangsters, and multi-mil- delegation in the class in Industry, lionaries, to "Nobody, it was just came not from miners' homes, but time for one." Various remedies from the townsmen and business were suggested, such as "Needs no element.

change," "by not living so high and The Church cannot meet the fast," "putting bums to work," needs of the working man until it "system like Russia," "no use do- is working-man conscious. Even ing anything; poor are hopeless; the average American working don't know how to use what they man, not as yet class conscious and have." Fifty-five felt that some- aware of a class struggle, has only thing was wrong, and forty-five felt a nominal interest in the Church.

that there might be some kind of His support can be and is periodi- trouble or revolution. cally exploited by waves of occa- Seventy-two thought that there sional local enthusiasm. He isn't was free speech in America, re- prejudiced, and yet to him the gardless of what one might believe. Church doesn't make a lot of differ- In answer to the question, "Where ence. have you read anything about any of these questions recently?" thir- No wonder the Industrial ty-two had read nothing; others Church is a battle, even where for had gleaned their convictions from years the Church and the pastor the Literary Digest, Liberty, have consistently attempted to American Magazine, Popular Me- meet the worker on his own chanics, Saturday Evening Post, ground. Nevertheless, it is here The Denver Post, etc. Six men- that the Church is really beginning tioned the Epworth Herald. to meet the needs of the working man. For the time being, a work- Not one in the class was aware ers' church cannot be anything but of the "Social Creed of the Church- class conscious. To serve the es." Only one reported remember- worker means nothing less than to ing his preacher ever saying any- fight with him in his struggle for thing about the subjects. In re- fair play and justice.

sponse to the question on War, An Industrial Church in Denver seventeen were pacifists, forty-one Grace Church, Denver, through believed in disarmament, and thir- the leadership of Dr. George S.

ty-one in preparedness. Forty- Lackland, and Dr. A. A. Heist, has seven believed that prohibition was earned national recognition for its the major issue of the day. In intelligent and effective service to these two instances, there was evi- the working man. Here, labor is denced clearly the influence of the invited through the years to work Church. Certainly, this report, out its destiny. Wherever and however superficial it is, indicates whenever labor has needed an ex- that the Church has not as yet tra wheel, Grace Church has func-

THE WORKING MAN AND THE CHURCH

tioned. Such institutions as the With sinking heart I remembered Labor College, Labor Summer that these two gentlemen had can- School, etc., were established vassed Tony's neighborhood for through the cooperation of Grace church funds, and I thought that Church. Whenever free speech is here was a characteristic experi- threatened, the Denver Open Fo- ence, in which folks get angry rum has given the worker a chance when asked for money for the to hear and talk. Church.

In times of agitation and stress, I started to explain, when he in- whether in a strike, or the organ- terrupted, "N0, no, no, I mad ization of a cooperative, or a 'cause dey no ask me for no sub- Mooney-Billings mass meeting, scrip."

Grace Church is open for assem- My spirit revived, and I volun- bly. Gradually, suspicions have tered that I was an agent of the been lifted and the workers of Church, and could do for him that Denver, and many over the coun- which had been neglected. The try, are beginning to realize that Church received its first $5.00 in after all, the Church has a place in cash. I asked Tony why he didn't the sun. They find their young come to church, "Oh, I come some- . people intelligent and conversant, time. I come sometime," he said.

and surging with aspirations, "Yes," I retorted, "you come through discussion and study sometime and bring your wife."

classes, and the Cooperative and This induced an explosion, "No, Credit Union. no, no! My wife? No, no! My In it all, and around it all is a wife, she no good. She no spek spirit of worship, in which is prac- Englis, she no write Englis, she no ticed the prellence of God, and in good, but I come sometime."

which the principles of Jesus are "Yes," I said, "Be sure and evaluated, and a social gospel is come. Your wife is all right. She preached. There is planted a seed, can hear the music. You come now germinating, soon to grow. with her. Do you both good."

If the Church as a whole will heed, He grasped my hand, holding it statistics will be no matter. Men tight and drawing it gradually to will come by the thousands, proud his breast, so I could feel his heart and happy to own their Lord. beat. I shall never forget that Tony, an Italian, came running heart. It was the heart of a work- to me one day as I stood on a street ing man, pleading for all that was in the little coal mining camp of good. He said as no other could, Hiawatha, Utah. Tony, in New "I go to your Church once. I see York, might have been an efficient de cross in de front of de Church.

banana salesman, but he was a You my priest." Then desperate- miner and having a hard time of it. ly, and with tears, as if all the He called breathlessly, "Father world must hear, "Your cross, my Walgub, Father Walgub, I wanna cross."

talk on you." May this be so. May humanity "Come on Tony," I replied, be entirely released to live, to lift, "talk if you want, talk all over to sing, to laugh, to work, and to me." love, in a common joy, with grim "I mad, I mad, I mad, Mr. Rud- privilege, unmasked and converted, dy, Mr. Brady," he said in a rush, for the good of all men.

A MINISTER SOLVES

SINGLE-HANDED, the Rev. ninety days fr~m 75 to 345 persons, William T. Morgan of War- one substantial meal at noon, and rior, Alabama, set himself to many at breakfast. ThQusands of the task of removing 300 names of piecE*! of clothing have been distribunemployed from the charity list. uted to the needy. Used garments The miners had to be trained in un- and shoes have been repaired by his own workers. They now have a poultry plant com- plete w.~th a capacity of 750 fowls, and about 100 fowls are in the pens. Most of the men and their wives want t~ follow agriculture.

There is a garage for the accom- mQdation of young men studying the art of automobile mechanics. Other classes are maintained in shoemaking, carpentry, and furniture repairing.

There is a complete canning fac- tory, with a ·daily capacity of 2,000 cans. An experienced commercial canner instructs the students. There is also a large grist-mill which will soon be in operation. They will grind for the c~mmuni ty as well as commer- cial purposes. ..

One of the largest industries is the women's work. About seventy-five women and girls have enrolled for the sewing classes, which are specializing in quilts. About twenty-five different B y Court es" of the Literary Dige. t patterns of quilts are being made out T HE REV. WILLIAM T. MORGAN of new cloth.

familiar work for their day as coal- Nowhere in the country is a saner miners was ended. Mr. Morgan organized families into a commu- effort being made to solve the unemnity center and taught them agriculture, shoe-repairing, and other ployment problem. trades. School work is an important part of The Montgom ery Advertiser (Quoted in The Literary Digest) the experiment. Many of the resisays: dents, adults and children, are learn- He and his workers have cleared about twenty acres of land, have taken ing to read and write and are masterabout 75,000 feet of lumber from the timber out of which lumber the houses ing the rudiments of arithmetic. At needed have been built. The entire forty acres is now one large garden. the center there is a half-day of work Mr. Morgan has fed every day for and a half-day of schooling.

And all of this has been done with less than $3,000 in cash! There have been liberal donations of certain ma- terials, but the land had to be bought, and there- were unavoidable expenses which could be paid Qnly in cash.

This shows what leadership, courage, and enthusiasm will do to solve this great prOblem.

82(i

!ourfewy of The Literary Digest (See article p . 8t6

UNElfPLOYED MADE SELF-SUPPORTING BY MR. MORGAN IN ALABAMA HELPING HOMELESS WORKERS BY ADELA J. BALLARD We8tern Super,";8ar of M 'igrant Wo r k, Oaun(}/I of Wom en for !lame Mi s.ia"",, A LONG line of decrepit cars "You give foods till crop are were parked in front of the gone? Much families, and no of "General Merchandise" sign the moneys. You let buys for us?" of the small-town store. A group "Who you work for," asked the of nondescript individuals crowded clerk gruffly, "Did your boss sign the long room until the chatter was your slip?" The two men shook deafening and the air stifling. a despondent negative and the first Two growers pushed their way speaker replied: back through the throng into the office where the manager sat work- "He say 'not know us.' Next ing on the books. Children were year mebby he sign paper. Not here, there and everywhere. Two now. No work-no eat! We pay. races and a dozen nationalities Many childrens-all works. Got mingled amicably without a trace eight-ten-oh many children." of friction. Without more words the clerk Two men, obviously new Ameri- passed the assignment slip to the cans, stood hesitantly back while manager who happened to be passothers were selecting stores of ing with the two growers who had canned goods from the laden entered his office a moment before. shelves. Finally one of the two He glanced at the slip, eyed the approached the hurried clerk, hesi- pair appraisingly, asked to be tated, then took courage and asked shown the family cars and finally diffidently; nodded in affirmation, "Oh, give 'em five dollars worth of stuff, 'an 827

I'll see Gregg. They look like fair "You cannot shop in peace. You risks. Big nuisance this bunch, cannot even drive along the highbut I suppose if they pick they ways without encountering their have got to eat. disgusting camps," she finished ir- ritatedly. "Why let them?" He turned to the two men, "You see you pay! Be in here Saturday. At her elbow a townsman spoke Nothing more for you until Gregg quickly: sign your paper!" "Let them! Would you come out At this moment the door opened and pick berries for me? Mine are and a local woman entered the dropping from the bushes! I've got to get fifty pickers at once. If HELPING AN INJUR~JD CHILD IN THE we do not have three thousand of COTTON FIELD them in this valley we go broke. No one here will stick to the job. store. Utter disgust was in her Its no play work and the pay is attitude. "Why do you give credit rotten unless the crop is heavy. to such riffraff," she asked dis- I'm glad enough to see the bunch gustedly. "There ought to be a go. We get anything from small law against such people entering pox to leprosy while they are here the town. The school is full of but we've got to have 'em. Any them and we have to see our own pickers in this morning?" he asked children mixed up with them and the manager, who was also mayor, in with them. Public money should and Berry Growers Association not be spent on children who come president as well as a few other from outside our own county. No things. one knows what diseases they bring and as for morals-" words A fellow grower took up the failed her for the moment. woman's question.

"What are you going to do? You want your canned goods. You want the fruit which isn't raised in this locality. The work is all done by migrants. You local folk won't do the work. Migrants are a neces- sary evil. Let 'em work and get out. But I'll tell you one thing! We are not going to have a hang- over of ninety or a hundred fam- ilies for this town to support this winter. Fruit over, out they go. Cheaper to give 'em gas to get out than to have 'em hanging around in the berry shacks. If we cannot get 'em out any other way make 'em so uncomfortable they will be glad to get out. We've got to have 'em, but there's no sense in spend- ing money on them. 'On agin, off agin, gone agin Flannigan,' is my motto when it comes to pickers." He turned to the merchant-"!'ll

HELPING HOMELESS WORKERS

see you get your money, there now. A funny bunch, but more won't be much left for the poor decent than some. My wife said devils, but we have to protect our some of them went to church Sunbusiness men. Where do they come day night. That's got to stop. from? Every state in the union I We'll have epidemics all over the guess. Any kicks on the housing neighborhood if that keeps up." this year?" he asked the other grower. "Religion for pickers," laughed a newcomer. "They wouldn't know "Yep," the man growled impa- it if they met it. They probably tiently, "Two fools came down went to church just as they would from the state department this go to a circus. But we do sell a week. Sanitation! They don't know heap of stuff to 'em all told. I got how to use it when they have it. rid of two old cars to some who A CANNERY VACATION SCHOOL IN CHARGE OF A NURSE EMPLOYED BY THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME ",USSIONS I put a screen door on each cabin- came in last week. Pretty good they tie it back with a string. It price too. They wan't worth much, takes a policeman to make them but trust a fruit tramp to get the use the garbage cans. I put new last mile out of the old tin Lizzie. wash basins in the shacks and the Don't suppose they'll ever get the idiots use it to wash the kids faces balance paid for, but I can take it in the morning and to boil the pota- back at the end of the season and toes in at night! They are certainly have a new sale next year. Plenty a messy lot. Hope enough of them room in the old garage to store come in so we can pick today. I 'em." put 'three hundred wanted' on my ad. Don't suppose I'll need more The group separated as a crowd than a hundred and fifty, but as of pickers entered the door. The long as they keep coming I can sign "One thousand pickers wanted immediately" had lured them to pick and choose. Got fifty families the town. This was small, but the

thousands of acres of back country tion and poverty, coupled with held the greater part of the popu- inadequate housing and almost lation which demanded the migra- complete lack of sanitation makes tory group four months of the the health of the migrant worker year supplying the fruit which a menace to his own group and to kept another huge group of mi- any community into which he may gratory families busy in the can- enter. Many of the camps are not neries of a near-by city. immoral- they are frankly un- This conversation reflects rather moral. Literally thousands of the faithfully the attitudes, problems, children are born in the crops- the indifferences of the average many of them die there for the population of the average town mortality of the child in the sea- where the migratory labor groups sonal labor camp is very high. Few swamp all agencies for a few brief communities have a sympathetic months of the year or are a prob- attitude toward the migrant work- lem of the entire three hundred er – the situation is regarded as and sixty-five days of the twelve hopeless, although there are some months. Because of the reaction happy exceptions to this statement, on our future citizenship – for but these exceptions are usually in there is more than a million and localities where a religious agency a half of people in the U. S. whose has demonstrated that it is possible lives are conditioned by the crops to change conditions and that the -it is time we faced the problem migrant will respond to sympa- squarely. thetic friendliness.

This the home mission agencies With the tangle of races; the tried to do in Section XI of the jumble of creeds; the racial an- North American Hom eMissions tagonisms and the superiority com- Congress. From that Section came plexes, the task of meeting the some challenging conclusions: need of the migrant is a difficult First the general situation was one. For the Anglo-Saxon is not faced. Both religious and social the only one with a superiority workers sat in at the Conference, complex-sometimes one of the together they summed up facts: first duties of the worker is to We as a nation are fast becom- teach that "some Americans are as ing a highly specialized agricul- good as the people of other races."

tural country. This development And the home mission worker must has involved the bringing in of a acknowledge that the community vast number of seasonal laborers, and the grower have problems to many of them family groups. These face as well as does" the migrant people must shift from place to himself. We cannot ignore the place in order to have anything fact that much of our wealth and like continuous employment. For of our personal release from these shifting nomads there can be drudgery comes to us from the no normal home life; little of help- work of this group. Forty-three ful social contact with community millions of wealth comes into one life; even where compulsory school state alone through the work of attendance laws are enforced, the the seasonal laborer!

constant change of location pre- The need of this vast army of vents adequate educational oppor- people, not less than a million and tunity. The ignorance, supersti- probably many more than that is

an outstanding challenge to the far distant from organized church followers of Christ today, but the work. call is for a cooperative service: Cooperation financially has made Health, educational, social and it possible for the Council of Womreligious agencies must offer a en for Home Missions to transform united service if the need is to be the thinking of a few communities met, but the church must lead in where migrants throng. It needs community program and not fol- demonstration stations to convince low. It is folly to duplicate the the grower, the community, the work of other agencies-the func- church, that new ideals can enter tion of the church is to sanction migrant camps; that lives can be where other agencies have better transformed; that the problem of equipment for the task and to sup- the grower can be lessened and betplement by fostering community ter service gained if camps are sentiment in enforcement cam- made habitable, health conditions paigns and the educating of com- bettered and moral training given. munity attitudes. Denominational It is the cooperative service that competition must be forgotten that the grower welcomes, he wants no denominational cooperation may divisive effort in his camp, but a offer service: That the church may Christian service wins respect; he serve there must be welcomes the Christian teacher, nurse, and friendly visitor who will Intelligent cooperation with secular migrate with the migrants. Where agencies. the grower welcomes he supports the work. More adequate training for ministers and workers entering rural fields. The church must lead in trans- forming the thought of communi- Willingness to allow the home mis- ties; in making possible the assion agency best fitted for the work similation of the migrant into the to occupy the field. community life, we must first make this life attractive to him be- A Christlike attitude on the part fore you can make him desire it! of Christian people. This can be done only through in- timate contact with "living epis- Home training which will allow tles," radiating the love of Him friendship projects with the alien on who came to serve. Only the our doorstep as well as with the child church can change the tragedy of across the sea. the life of the migrant and make of him an asset instead of a men- Education within the church group ace to the national life of America. which will stress the economic values of the work of the migratory group– The answer to the question, "Who is the racial contributions and the in- my neighbor?" must take in all the dividual worth and the potential pos- children of men, whatever their race, sibility of the migrant child. color or creed.-William Lyon Phelps.

Protective legislation and enforce- We measure the greatness of a man ment to insure the migratory worker by what he does in adversity.-A. W. the rights, protection and environ- Beaven.

ment which should be the right 0-1 every citizen.

An adequate financial support for the agencies such as the Council of Women for Home Missions, the Home Missions Council, etc., in the putting on of surveys and programs in fields

MISSIONARIES USE THE

BY HUBERT W. PEET, London, England Editor 01 the Far and Near Pres8 Bureau M ANY missionaries in far dis- with others living in isolated spots. tant lands find in wireless a In the New Hebrides advance in- new means of refreshment, formation of coming storms is spiritual, mental and recreational. greatly helping the missionaries in "The wireless keeps us from becom- breaking down belief in witchcraft ing old fogies and 'moss-backs,'" and the rain-maker. An Indian said one man living in the forests missionary says that during King of the Amazon. The chief obstacles, George's illness he was pestered for apart from expense, are atmospher- daily reports of the King's health ics; difficulty regarding recharging by the people of his village.

batteries, as in Tristan da Cunha; This same missionary takes his or the climatic effect on the receiv- home-made four-valve set with him er. The Bjshop of Melanesia says when he visits other villages in everything soon goes rusty in his Bengal. He puts up his aerial in part of the world. On the other the palm trees and listens to the hand, in Persia, Bishop Linton's afternoon Bengali program from difficulty is that the Baku Station Calcutta. The villagers crowd jams Daventry in three languages! round his loud-speaker to listen be~ Missionaries, in some fields, are fore he begins preaching and teach- among the few people who are able ing.

to listen to the events "the day be- The most ambitious missionary fore they occur !" For calendar pur- use of wireless in India is the poses the day is deemed to begin at scheme being carried out by Mr.

the 180th meridian which runs Harold H. Peterson, of the Y. M.

from Behring Sea to the South C. A., Lahore. Their Radio Club Pole: New Zealand is on the west last year obtained a transmitting of this line, and the Cook Islands license from the Indian Govern- are on the east of this Date line. ment, permitting them to broad- Before the sun sets in the Cook cast on 340 metres with a power of Islands area, it is heralding the 100 watts. Their station is entirely next day of the month in New Zea- home-made and their programs land. Thus when it is still Satur- cover an area of over fifteen hun- day night with the missionary in dred miles. In addition to their the Cook Islands he and his island- own stUdio in the Y. M. C. A. build- ers can listen to the Sunday morn- ing, they have wires running to the ing service being broadcast in New Forman Christian College and to Zealand! When the Rugby team the Lahore Telephone Exchange.

play a test match in Wellington, They can thus pick up and broad- New Zealand, on Saturday, the re- cast valuable lectures and talks, suIt is heard by wireless on Friday both in English and the vernacular, in Cook Islands. given elsewhere than in the studio.

This opportunity of getting news Dr. Lindsay, Master of Balliol Col- by radio is one of the great advan- lege, Oxford, dUring his recent visit tages which missionaries now share to India, spoke on Adult Education, 832 and three members of the Indian ast, four hundred miles from the Round Table Conference on their coast in Central Africa, reports return, gave accounts of their ex- "static is as bad as anywhere on periences in England. This is a earth." After he had made a short- wonderful piece of work, especial- wave set, he began to pick up code ly as all the operations and main- messages from amateurs from all tenance are carried out by inter- over the world; Australians in the ested amateurs, British, American afternoon; South Africans and and Indian. Englishmen in the evening; Amer- Another interesting example of icans in the early morning. One the missionary use of wireless is at evening he heard the Queen of the the School for the Deaf, belonging Netherlands opening a new Dutch to the Church of England Zenana station. The two British Stations Mission at Mount Lavinia, Ceylon. are heard plainly and Nairobi, in By the use of what is called an "os- East Africa, comes over well. He siphone," those who can hardly also hears American stations. This hear ordinary speech are able to was all done on a home-made set, listen to wireless programs. . constructed, as he said, of "any old Excellent educational work is also junk." He never had more than being done in some parts of China, three fairly good. valves. He made although in certain remote districts his condenser out of some pieces of the uneducated fear that the aerials brass washboard and a broken are some devilish form of entangle- photographic developing tray; he ment! improvised other gadgets out of At Jefferson Academy, a mission- odds and ends. For a time he re- ary school twelve miles from Peip- made his batteries by adding zinc ing, a Chinese gentleman, Mr. Eu- and sal-ammoniac to old ones. Later gene J. Fan, is responsible for two he constructed a small dynamo, weekly broadcasts from the school, driven by a water-wheel, and cut up power for the transmission being an old motor battery which he obtained from the Peiping Tram- mounted in test tubes and charged.

ways plant. These programs are The authorities in the district-it picked up by the workers from the was not British territory-were school and also by the village very suspicious of what he was do- churches. Mr. Fan has taught ing, but his success is an indica- many of the boys how to make sets tion of what a missionary, who is of their own, through which they also a wireless enthusiast, may ac- pick up Chinese and Japanese sta- complish.

tions. The Japanese broadcasting Anglican and Roman Catholic system is well developed, and mis- missionaries in East Africa are sionaries are not infrequently in- hoping great things from the de- vited to·speak or preach over them: velopment of educational programs Missionaries on the Gold Coast at the wireless station at Nairobi, of West Africa set their clocks by in Kenya Colony. Some of them Big Ben, in London, but over a can pick up stations as far afield as great area of Africa, atmospherics Java and Australia, but such pro- and the small number of broadcast- grams are of little educational ing centers prevent missionaries value for African listeners.

making much use of wireless pro- Another wireless expert, Mr.

grams. One experienced enthusi- George Kirby Raws, of Liverpool, 3 went out to help Mr. Kendall Gale veloped wireless service in the in a very undeveloped part of northern parts of Australia in con- Madagascar. They get European, nection with its medical centers.

American and South African sta- Each post is. equipped with a wire- tions. Mr. Gale says that it is dif- less outfit through which it is pos- ficult to express what it meant to sible to communicate with their fly- listen-in to a Birmingham concert ing doctor at his center hundreds and to think that his wife and chil- of miles away. At first the great dren in that city were probably difficulty was how to provide a listening-in too. The fact that he simple type of generator for the can hear the preacher breathing transmission of messages. The and some of the congregation Mission solved the problem by the coughing, as he did recently during use of an apparatus, the power for a Westminster Abbey broadcast which is generated by the operator service, seems to eliminate the dis- with a pair of pedals, as if he were tance between Madagascar and cycling. Today the isolated mis- England, and make him a worship- sionaries and nurses can get advice per in London. and help with very little delay. A The more primitive of the Afri- letter from a missionary in the can tribes; who have been able to Gulf of Carpentaria tells how his listen-in to some missionary's set, receiving and transmitting set has soon tire of this white man's won- broken down his feeling of isola- der. They appear to prefer the tion. Last autumn he sent out by gramophone, which is a more un- his transmitter a description of the derstandable mystery, especially as symptoms from which he was suf- the number of records in native fering and shortly afterwards he languages is rapidly increasing. received a message that the remedy One of the first "wireless" instal- was on its way by aeroplane to lations in the Far North was at the catch the boat which visits his is- Moravian Mission School at Nak- land every four months.

kovik, Labrador. It came in re- Missionaries in the Fly River sponse to a Sunday afternoon talk area of New Guinea, where· James six years ago, when Captain Jack- Chalmers was murdered, now pick son mentioned the need for a re- up Australian programs. In the ceiving set. More than one church Gilbert Islands, some of the most in Newfoundland now broadcasts lonely in the Pacific, the Beru Sta- services which are picked up by tion of the London Missionary So- fishing fleets, and by missionaries ciety has a wireless transmitter and settlers in the Far North. In and is able to communicate by Alaska, the missionary at the Pres- Morse Code with the Government byterian Mission at Anchorage, and Phosphate Commission wire- regularly puts his services "on the less operator on Ocean' Island.

air" for the benefit of scattered lis- Last year five hundred Gilbertese teners in those Arctic regions. Bibles were wanted in Beru, so a Frequently wireless brings aid to wireless order was sent via Ocean sufferers in the mission field. In Island and Sydney to the Bible Australia both air and ether enter House. The books were delivered into the regular programs of work by the "John Williams" only four- undertaken by the Australian In- and-a-half months later, whereas land Mission, which has a well-de- ordinarily it would have taken over

SHALL WE ADVANCE?

a year between the sending of the right,' and I've been a Christian message and the delivery of the ever since." This lady later had Bibles. The workers on Beru now evidence of the reality of the new know when they may expect a visit life this man was living, for he was from the "John Williams," or what known everywhere for his truthhat! happened when she is late. worthiness.

A lady who was visiting the In refreshing men and women Pyramids in Egypt asked her in their loneliness in the mission camel~driver if he were a Chris- field with news, amusement, as well tian, "Yes, now," he replied. as services, and as an instrument "Last year, went to England with for the dissemination of knowledge my master. On wireless I heard and the spread of the Christian of Jesus Christ. I heard nothing Message, wireless has an increasbut a voice. I go on my knees and ing part to play in building the I say 'Here am L' Jesus said 'All Kingdom of God.

SHALL WE ADVANCE?

T HE modern missionary move- than when Dr. Wainwright went to ment is more than a century that country forty years ago. old and marvels of spiritual triumph have attended its course. It is not cause for discourage- Millions of people have been con- ment that evangelization is so far verted to Christ; other millions from complete in the world. While have been given Christian educa- the increase of population has outtion. Other millions have been run the increase of Christians, the blessed through its healing agency; influence of false religion has not other millions who have not pro- kept pace with the influence of fessed conversion have been in- Christianity. The world never fluenced by its lofty standards. needed Christ and His Gospel more than men need Him today. These Some people at home, who can- are stirring times and, unless the not make an intelligent appraise- course of events is steered by ment of the situation, are inclined Christ, disaster impends. to conclude that the end of the enterprise must be near at hand. This is the time for advance all Such a conclusion is far from the along the line. The Church of facts. There are 100,000,000 more people in India today who have no Christ has every facility for conmore idea of the meaning of quest, except consecration. Let Christ's name than there were there be a holy abandon to the when William Carey started the work of winning the whole wide modern era of missions. world to God and full dependence on Him, and the Kingdom will There are more people in Japan move forward with greatly accelerwho have no~ heard the Gospel ated step. – Wesleyan Christian Advocate.

FORWARD MOVEMENT IN JAPAN *

BY TOYOHIKO KAGAWA, Tokyo, Japan T HE Kingdom of God Move- correspondingly, and in the period ment is the third great na- of two and one-half years up to tional evangelistic campaign July, 1930, I have received as many in Japan since the turn of the cen- as fifty thousand decision cards.

tury. Though in both of the pre- During a recent trip of only a little vious campaigns some denomina- over a month to North Japan and tions participated, some remained Saghalien, I have had about four outside. This time excepting the thousand cards signed in my meet- Roman and Greek Churches and ings.

the new Holiness Church which It is evident that the Kingdom has hardly had time yet to "find it- of God Movement was launched at self," all the denominations of any the right moment. If we had size are participating, represent- waited until this year to start it, ing a total of more than two hun- it would have been too late. Get- dred thousand believers altogether. ting started before the anti-reli- This campaign is thus more ade- gious movement had gathered mo- quate and more unanimous than mentum it headed it off from the any previous one. beginning, and is already nation- Moreover, the nation is ripe for wide in its influence for Christ.

a great forward Christian move- Consequently Imperial University ment. Millions of people who want professors are commenting on the to believe in the Gospel are remain- belated anti-religious movement, ing unreached. To this fact I can calling it unnatural and expecting testify from my personal experi- that it will not enlist much public ence. After the earthquake of support.

1923 I preached for one hundred The gratifying numerical re- and twenty-four successive nights ports of the Kingdom of God Move- in the various churches of Tokyo, ment should not, however, be mis- and received about 5700 decision interpreted. I have been told that cards from those who had decided some of our friends are counting for Christ in the meetings. In up the statistics and computing 1926 I preached in Osaka and re- the possibilities of winning a mil- ceived about nine thousand; and lion new baptized Christians to in 1927 I travelled about Japan and the churches within the three-year received fifteen thousand. From period of 1930-1932. If the million June, 1928, to June, 1929, I re- are to be won in three years, the ceived . twenty thousand. Mean- first year and a half which is al- while I had become so convinced ready passed should yield a half by these experiences that Japan is million! And by what magic can ready for the Gospel that I ap- the last year and a half of the cam- pealed to the church, and it de- paign be made to bring forth the cided to take up this matter. Since great majority which must be won then the numbers have kept up before the million mark is at- • ICrom the .lapan Ohrl.tian Quarterlv. tained! If anyone is in such a 836 pitch of anxiety, I hasten to dis- days is rapidly corning to its peabuse him. Three years is not riod of effective expression. nearly long enough to win the million, and it was never my idea of A Christian society, and nothing doing so within that period. less, is the goal of the Kingdom of God Movement. Our aim is the What is the Kingdom of God thoroughgoing christianization of Movement? Is it the three years our community. We want to reof cooperative evangelism now be- vive the Koinonia of the early ing conducted by the various de- church, as recorded in the Acts. nominations, organized in some This wonderful early Christian ninety district committees, operat- fellowship, based on a spontaneous ing under the Kingdom of God practice of the principle of the Movement Central Committee? Cross in social economics, was too evanescent. Yet because of it the No. This three-year campaign apostles were able to give their tesis merely one of the elements in timony to the Resurrection "with the total Kingdom of God Move- great power." We shall not regain ment and but a preliminary one. the fulness of their Pentecostal ex- If it serves to unify the denomina- perience until we have re-incartional differences sufficiently to nated Incarnate Love in an organcreate a habit of cooperation in a ization of society embodying the nation-wide Christian program, best light that has been vouchsafed my hopes for it will have been sat- by the Spirit of God through the isfied. two thousand intervening years of human labor and intellectual striv- When the 1930-1932 three-year ings. period shall have been completed, I look forward to what will be the It is idle to speculate as to when real Kingdom of God Movement. the million new baptized Chris- By that time I hope the churches tians will be won to the churches. will be able to work shoulder to They will corne when the church shoulder in carrying out the va- reforms itself so as to fit their rearious elements of the program-a sonable expectations. They are program which is based in every facing the problem of unemploydetail on tested experience. ment. What has Christ to offer them? They are facing the in- Reinforcing the Chw:ch creasingly desperate struggle for existence even while retaining jobs The church should be ready to at ever-lessening wages. They are work as a unity (though the old facing Marxism, with its immense denominational machinery be still concrete experiment before their unchanged, except by the happy eyes in near-by Russia. They loss of its competitiveness): and know more about Marxism with this unit of several hundred thou- its economic program than do most sand Christians will not be work- church members. Unless the Kinging alone. It will be reinforced by dom of God Movement offers a betthe Labor Movement, the Farmers' ter program of economics-better Union, the Proletarian Political in theory, better in sustained ac- Groups, and to a large extent by tion-than . does the Soviet, they the Government itself. To this cannot be expected to flock into the impressive array of constructive forces should be added the Wom- churches. an's Movement, which in these

Is there anything better, as a profit-seeking on an individualistic method of emancipation, than the level, our world has hardly adgrim effectiveness of violent revo- vanced beyond the jungle-stage. lution? To some whose patience is We have applied science to the exexhausted history speaks in the ploitation of natural resources; negative. They point to the long but not yet to the organization of record of wars for freedom. I am production, distribution, credit, startled at the number even of ear- and consumption of manufactured nest Christians, in China, in the prodUcts. We must hasten to take United States, and elsewhere, who the next step, of organization of are today turning toward the Rus- all these processes, and of their resian method as a solution. The sulting human relations. Kingdom of God Movement has abundant historical precedent. Marx fails to show us how to do History has hidden its most pre- this. His idea is merely on the cious nuggets beneath those over- old fighting level. He has no proemphasized records of political gram for the future. It is to the wars and doctrinal controversies. Kingdom of God Movement that Bit by bit we are unearthing this we must look for future programs. priceless history of Love, of the brotherhood movement, which has Our Canadian friends are startbroken out again and again in spite ing a Kingdom of God Movement in of all opposition,-from the second Canada-stimulated by the Kingchapter of Acts onward. Even dom of God Movement. They are the communist movement itself is defining their movement as a a perverted imitation of that great search primarily for the expression Christian fellowship! of the mind of Christ in economics.

The Effect of Marxism The precedents from history af- forded by the brotherhood move- Though its immediate results ment provide us with the methods are remote from that early ideal, of economic and social organizaeventually we shall learn to be tion in which the mind of Christ grateful even for the coming of is manifest. And here again Marx Marxism. When in the tenth cen- helps us. For his followers in tury Christianity lost its purity, Russia, starting out with a pro- Mohammedanism came and puri- gram of violent suppression of the fied Christianity. When in the cooperati.ves, promptly reacted to nineteenth century Christianity reality, and reversed their plans to forgot the poor, Marxism came the revival of the Russian type of and caused us to think of them. cooperatives, within four years of If we had practiced the Cross of the start of the Revolution. Can Jesus, there would have been no we Christians react with equal need for Marxism to come. flexibility?

Marx was a social pathologist. Are we Christians to give up our He has made a diagnosis of the religious program and substitute evils of the present order and for it economic propaganda? By shows us that everywhere its eco- no means. I hope that Christians nomics lack organization. Owing all over this country will increasto the laissez fai1'e system and the ingly become leaders in the indigeacceptance of competition and nous system of cooperatives al- ready in existence in Japan. This they can do mostly as an avocation,

THE FORWARD MOVEMENT IN JAPAN 83!J

without surrending any of their which I hope to win the authorities religious and other duties. But in the medical field, the physicians they must first become educated in themselves, to a program of socio- the Cooperative Movement. A na- economic cooperation, and conse- tion-wide Mutual Aid Sick Coop- quently by the force of their ex- erative Insurance Society is to be ample to convince the laity includ- organized throughout the churches ing the church members. The suc- of Japan, federated in one national cess of this medical cooperative had society. Through this Society for been assured by two factors: by sick-benefits, the church people Dr. Nitobe's consenting to head it; will see the vision and learn the and by the personal life-consecra- genius of the cooperative move- tion of four physicians, all special- ment. Thus introduced to it, they ists in various fields and possessors may be expected to lay hold, also, of higher degrees in medicine.

upon the organization of other so- These men, Dr. Kato, Dr. Hirose, cial services besides sick benefits; Dr. Hattori, and Dr. Sunada, men old age pensions; educational co- in their forties, are at their prime operatives for the education of and possessors of lucrative private children; mothers' pensions; un- practices. Nevertheless, at the employment insurances, etc. They April 20th, 1931, meeting of the may be counted on also for leader- Physicians' Utility Cooperative, ship in the organization of the they circulated a manifesto declar- central economic processes of pro- ing their joint consecration to the duction, distribution, credit and new movement, a testimony to the consumption-in producers' util- early influence of the Y. M. C. A.

ity, credit, and consumers' coop- upon them during their student erative unions. days.

We have enough of these various The immediate objective of the types of cooperatives already in ex- movement is a Cooperative Hos- istence in Japan, and enough of a pital to be located in Shinjiku, tendency to cooperative inherent in with branches to be established in our national fabric, to guarantee various parts of Tokyo Fu, begin- the result, if Christians will put ning in Honjo Ward. Medical into their management both sacri- costs will thus be reduced to the ficial and skilled devotion. Thus minimum and made available to the we have ready the Christian equiv- great middle classes who otherwise alent of Marxism and something can hardly afford to call a physi- that goes far beyond it in philoso- cian. At present only the very phy and effectiveness. For it is rich, or such of the very poor as doubtful whether a society founded get free treatment, may be said to on the principle and practice of have adequate care, medically dictatorship will ever be able to speaking. When the Tokyo coop- apply fully the principle of coop- erative gets well started, we can eration. start all over the country, espe- Medicine and the Kingdom cially in the 2909 villages which are entirely without medical pro- I have therefore decided to con- vision.

centrate effort first on starting Is the Kingdom of God Move- what may be called "The Kingdom ment to cease to be a program of of God Movement in Medicine" by preaching in order to become a

program of economics? By no both sides. Christianity is a Gos- means. The Kingdom of God pel for society as well as for the Movement includes both of these individual. This is the literal activities and is primarily a pro- teaching of the Sermon on the gram of organization. Its first Mount.

year of 1930 saw the organization We know that there are Chrisof preaching in new methods of tian individuals everywhere who evangelism, of which the a. b. c. are not living as Christian citizens. was interdenominational coopera- Many of them are making comtion. Its second year of 1931 is promises with existing economic seeing the organization of Gospel conditions. They are not living up schools to train lay preacliers, both to the declaration Jesus Christ rural and urban. Eventually we made at Nazareth. If they would hope to augment the ordained live up to the true meaning of the clergy by five thousand of such Gospel, there would be no room volunteer workers, trained in the left for Communism. Gospel schools, but able to work at their own charges. Some mysticism is individualis- tic; some is inclined to be emo- By no means shall we lessen the tional, and some, traditional. If emphasis ,on evangelism, which we have mysticism we should make will go on with ever-increasing it ethical mysticism. This was the force as the Gospel schools send distinction between true and false forth their graduates. In 1932 I prophets in Old Testament times. look forward to the organization The reason why the Greek Cathof Christian cooperatives, one by olic Church and religious values in one, beginning with the Physi- general are despised in Soviet Ruscians' Utility Cooperative which is sia is because the Russian State described above, and of which the Church laid emphasis on individfirst unit, the clinic, opened in Sep- ualistic experience and not social tember, 1931, while the hospital is standards. not scheduled to open until two years later. As soon as Christian Christ laid emphasis on social- public sentiment makes it possible ized individuality, as contrasted we hope to follow this Physicians' with egoistic individualism. But Cooperative by one for the laity, unfortunately after the industrial the Mutual Aid Sick Insurance So- revolution came to the world, indi- ciety for church members. And vidualistic competition outside the then on into all the phases of the Church carried the whole culture cooperative movement, using those toward egoism and secularism. If already organized by the govern- we could have managed the great ment, etc., whenever possible. industrial revolution according to Unless Christ is made the centre Christian motivation, this world- of the social movement and of the wide catastrophe would not have religious movement, Japan will taken place. Jesus Christ is today never be saved. The Church in the saying to us, "The Kingdom of past laid emphasis more on the in- God is near; believe in the Gospel, dividual experience of Christ than and repent!" Repent from what?

on making Christ manifest in so- From egotistic individualism, to so- ciety. The Sermon on the Mount cial ethical mysticism, as embodied gives a well-balanced picture of in the Kingdom of God Movement.

LIFE IN AFRICA

AMERICA BY LILLIAN OYLER, Ontario, Oregon .A Mi88ionary in the Sudan and La·ter in Oregan ; FTER twenty-four years' ex- roundings or personal appearance.

flperience as a foreign mission- As a rule, British officers are very ary in Africa, I am now a careful to observe the conventions home missionary in one of the Pa- of refined society and so preserve cific Coast States. We have some- their self-respect, and the respect times heard these two spheres of of the natives. It is even more work contrasted as to importance important that missionaries of and the sacrifice involved. Christ should consider even more It is my conviction that any for- carefully their personal appear- eign missionary makes very little ance and their home life so that personal sacrifice compared with they may lead others to a better that made by the parents who face life. Clothing and household equip- the vacant chair. ment need not be expensive, but At times the cost of living at they should be clean and appro- home is contrasted with that in a priate.

foreign mission field. We have It is true a foreign missionary, found that it costs our family of in some fields, misses congenial four twenty-five per cent more to social life, but it is equally true in live in the sage-brush country of home mission fields. In both fields, Western America than it did on missionaries find it possible to the plains of Africa. The home of create their own enjoyment, and to one who seeks to lead others to a find some method of relaxation higher plane of living, must be a and recreation.

center of C h r i s t ian culture, As to health at home and abroad, whether his living quarters consist Africa is often called "the white of one room or an entire house. All man's grave." True, a tropical who come to that home must find jungle is not a country for a care- there a sincere welcome and this less foreigner, nor for one indif- means added expense. I remember ferent to use common sense. E.

that on one particular trek in Alexander Powell, has well said, Africa we were the guests of an- "A European of average physique other missionary family for a has comparatively little to fear month. Whether we were living in from the diseases of the Congo if a small barge on the river, or were he will practice moderation in all camping on shore in a small hut things, take as much exercise as mad e of coarsely-woven grass possible, keep his body clean, wear mats, within five minutes after his helmet in the sun and mosquito each move that missionary mother boots in the evening, drink water gave to our surroundings a real that has been both boiled and fil- touch of home. tered, sleep under a mosquito net, On the foreign mission field one take quinine either daily or when- is sometimes tempted to think, ever he feels run down, and re- "Oh, anything will do" as to sur- frain from needless worry."

841

One handicap or difficulty that are few and far between, and a foreign missionary must face is worse still, the local schools are the acquisition of the language of usually inefficient and there are no the country or tribe in which he funds to send the children else- works. In many cases this duty is where.

irksome, but to or~ who takes joy For some reason generous indi- in learning to speak a foreign viduals seem much more inclined tongue such work is a delight. to supply extras-such as automo- Even a home missionary must biles-to foreign missionaries than become accustomed to the vernacu- to those at home. Friends and lar of those among whom he works. supporters look upon a worker Both at home and abroad the mis- from foreign fields on furlough as sionaries must acquaint themselves a hero, and give applause which is with the customs and the sur- seldom given a home missionary roundings of their parishioners. who has labored as faithfully al- To the human mind there is a though more inconspicuously.

great contrast between the sins of All missionary work demands Oriental or African countries with much time for Bible study, and the those of so-called Christian lands. daily cultivation of spiritual life.

The evils met in foreign lands and Good literature or a "hobby" can the sins of civilized nations are be utilized as a "safety valve" and all evil in the sight of God, but enables one to accomplish far more one should take into consideration than by continuing on a daily that sins of non-Christian people grind. It is, however, even more are often committed in the name difficult to do this in home mission of their religion, while in Chris- fields than in many foreign lands.

tian lands every evil thought and Both at home and abroad there deed is in direct disobedience to the are humble followers of the Lord teachings and spirit of Christ. Jesus from whom we can learn The salary of a home mission- much in prayer, and there are ary is usually considerably less many souls hungry for sympathy than that of a foreign missionary. and encouragement.

In addition as a rule the traveling There are thousands across the expenses of a foreign missionary seas who have never heard the are paid, including vacation or fur- Gospel, and who are "waiting for lough allowance. A certain sum is the messenger of God who cometh also provided for outfit and freight late." In many foreign fields the charges to the field. Children have indigenous church has reached the a certain allowance made from stage where it is almost autono- birth until the child finishes its mous and where the native Chris- education. Most foreign missions tian forces are doing much of the also have schools, partly financed work for the unevangelized.

by the Foreign Board, to which A recent report of The Home the children may be sent. Missions Council of North Amer- A home missionary in America, ica tells us that, "there are 10,000 however, receives only a monthly communities in America without salary and a portion of his travel- churches of any kind, 30,000 vil- ing expenses to his new field of lages without a resident pastor of labor. This system often works any faith, and 13,400,000 children hardship. Vacations and furloughs under 12 who are receiving no re-

MISSIONARY LIFE IN AFRICA AND AMERICA

ligious instruction whatever." It to let our light shine abroad it is is not difficult for a home mission- clear evidence that it is burning ary to believe such startling state- dimly at home. The rays of our ments. Weare located in a district Christian influence will be weak as large as the State of Vermont across the seas if we fail to begin for which our little struggling con- at Jerusalem. We must first pray gregation is responsible. The for cleansing in our own hearts county contains many villages scat- and lives. If every life and family, tered here and there, with only and community could reflect Christ eleven organized congregations of and would manifest the power of various denominations, served by the Holy Spirit, then the world eight resident ministers, and less would soon be evangelized. than one thousand members. It is more difficult to secure active LITTLE POEMS BY LEPER Christian workers among these CHRISTIANS members than among Christians in foreign fields. The carelessness Interpreted by Lois Johnson Erickson, and indifference are appalling. The Taka-matsu, Japan excuses given for absence from services ar.e as unconvincing and The leper patients at Oshima as untrue as those which we heard have a "Poetry Club" which is one of their greatest sources of pleasin Africa. ure. The Christians print their In this vast county we find con- poems in their monthly magazine and have published enough to make ditions such as are reported by a several volumes. The following fellow missionary in an adjoining poems are from the magazine, and county where many of the young are by different lepers whose folks from twenty to twenty-five names are placed after the several years of age have never previously verses. Each verse is a complete heard a sermon, and many children poem.-Editor of the Presbyterian do not know what a church is. One Survey. family confessed that it was the first time they had heard a minis- The red flame of Jesus' blood ter pray in eighteen years! Back Turns all my frozen heart to fire! in the hills there are hundreds of families who have no means of *** transportation except on horseback, or in a wagon, and they must The soul who knows his God, travel over rocky trails instead of Though of earth's smallest things, on surfaced roads. Up to the great wide heavens The real difficulties and hard- May mount on wings! ships in home missions and foreign missions are not very different. * * .. They are equally important and one cannot exist without the other. Heartily row, children of God, The foundations of foreign work Put forth your strength, are in home missions and if we Face storm without fear neglect to strengthen our stakes at Heed not wind nor night–row on; home we cannot lengthen our cords The harbor of Heaven is near. of influence abroad. *** On the other hand, if we neglect Only Thy power can make my sin-sick o spirit whole, to my soul! Divine Saviour, precious -Hayashi.

* * ::t:: This will I say, that firm I tread the road I cannot see, Because the hand of One-Who-Loves -Takamoto. Is leading me!

GIVE THE GOSPEL TO THE MORMONS?

BY THE REV. WILLIAM E. LA RUE, Washington, D. C.

Author of "The Foundations of Mormonism"

T HE chief need for giving the The Mormons also need to be Gospel of Christ to the Mor- evangelized in order that they may mons is the people themselves. be delivered from the superstition In many respects they are a splen- which binds them with strong did people, sincere and whole- bands that are not easily broken.

hearted in their faith. They are They are taught that entrance into willing to lay their lives upon the celestial glory depends upon faith- altar of sacrifice in order to uphold ful continuance in their faith as and propagate their religion. Not long as life shall last. They are only are they ready to give up their under such a spell of superstition lives to service but are also ready that they will not allow themselves to place their fortunes at the call to doubt. They have been taught of their leaders. that all other churches are man- Most of these people are of made and wrong in the sight of American and English stock. They God, and that the Mormon Church are preeminently religious and is the one and only true Church of many of them have been members God on earth. Notwithstanding of evangelical churches. In many the many obvious errors, and the instances their experience with sins of the leaders, they believe Mormonism is a result of the per- that eternal salvation is to be found sistent activity of Mormon mis- only in Mormonism.

sionaries. Whoever undertakes to carry the The Mormon people need to be Gospel of Christ to Mormons will evangelized in order that they may meet with tremendous difficulties.

have right spiritual leadership. Other sects with false teachings They have spiritual capacity which and corrupt leadership have arisen is in dire need of direction. For and have worn themselves away in some strange reason they have sub- the processes of time. Among the mitted themselves body and soul to Mormons themselves have arisen a the leadership of Mormon proph- number of sects with leaders claim- ets, which has been the chief source ing divine and exclusive preroga- of corruption in their religious life. tives whose devotees remain un- There are several hundreds of wavering until death.

thousands of Mormons who need When a Mormon can no longer evangelizing because of the crude endure the teachings and leader- and perverted teachings which are ship of his cult, he usually either a mixture of truth and error. Once abandons religion entirely, or iden- within the Mormon fold, even to tifies himself with one of the many question these teachings would in- factions.

vite suspicion and ostracism. In The Mormon has a deep convic- former days apostates were quickly tion that if Mormonism is false disposed of so that the people have nothing else is true. He has the accepted the awful things their conviction that all other religions leaders have taught-including are corrupt and false. As he lis- many gods and many wives. tens to an evangelical minister 844 there are psychological barriers to the Mormon people who have read his reception of the truth present- it.

ed. He feels that this minister has In the same spirit, in my volume not the authority to speak such as on "The Foundations of Mormon- is possessed by the Mormon priest- ism," I attempted to demonstrate hood. Every missionary to the from the original documentary Mormons must pursue his labors sources that the foundation prin- knowing that this almost impene- ciples of Mormonism are untenable.

trable wall of prejudice exists. The truth, spoken in love, is the This may be the reason why the only weapon we are justified in effort to evangelize the Mormons using in the contention against this has so far produced little fruit. cult. So far as I know, no attempt What then is the best method to has been made to reply to my book.

pursue to carryon an effective Let Christian workers everywhere work of evangelizing the Mormon show patience and sympathy with people? Is it not worthwhile to the Mormon people, not with any consider some new approach? sin but with the sinner. As he To begin with there should be a may have opportunity let every strong emphasis upon patience and Christian help the Mormons to get sympathy. -In the past most anti- rid of sin.

Mormon propagandists have shown Mohammedans and Mormons a woeful lack of these qualities.

Usually they have publicly de- Both Mohammedans and Mor- nounced the false teachings and mons are devoted to the leadership corrupt practices of Mormonism of so-called prophets; both have without making any constructive special books for which they claim effort to correct them. The evils divine inspiration; both are zealous of Mormonism have been sufficient in the propagation of their faith; to test the patience and to chill the both adhere to doctrines that clash sympathy of anyone but little good with modern civilization. It is can be accomplished without pa- about equally difficult to convert tience and sympathy. A pamphlet either to Christianity. But we must entitled, "Joseph Smith, Jr., as a keep on with the work of evangeli- Translator," issued by the late zation through Christian churches, Bishop F. S. Spalding, of Utah, schools, and community Ii f e.

shows, in the most kindly, yet ef- Churches should hold out a sympa- fective way, that the claims made thetic and helpful hand to every by Joseph Smith, Jr., as a trans- Mormon so as to help him see truth lator of Egyptian would not bear and duty in a new light, and to put the scrutiny of scholarship. The himself under the leadership of Bishop said, "My object in writing Jesus Christ alone.

the pamphlet was not to inform the Many changes are now taking world that Joseph Smith's transla- place in the world of thought. Our tions were inaccurate, and that hope is that the rising generation therefore his claim to be a prophet of the Mormons will, with the aid of God was invalid, but to try to of advanced education, be able to convince the Mormons themselves weigh carefully the claims made of those facts." The publication for Mormonism and will find that of this pamphlet has had a pro- they are wanting.

found and beneficial effect upon Meanwhile the propaganda of

Mormonism goes forward. The The government of the Church is by Mormon choir and the tones of the divine authority through Priesthood…. great organ are heard over the In organic expression and functioning radio from Salt Lake City. Occa- there must be recognized grades and offisionally a new Temple is announced cial prerogatives and responsibility with where secret practices are per- supreme directional control resting in formed that bind men and women the Presidency as the Chief and first…. to the faith by sacred oaths. Just Our form of government is patriarchal or now a great Mormon Church is kingly in that it is the Kingdom of God, under process of erection in Wash- the Kingdom of Heaven. Our form of ington, D. C. This is sure to at- government places the lawmaking powers tract much attention. Statistics in heaven, the law of God being manishow that the membership is main- fested to the Church through His taining a gradual increase and Prophet. about the usual number of missionaries go out to the home and for- This teaching is regarded as a eign field to win converts. reviving of some of the crude Independence, Missouri, has for many years been regarded as the teachings of early Mormonism and Mecca of Mormonism. There are several factions of the cult located a group of aggrieved brethren de- there; among the most promi- clared, "The President's theory of nent are the J osephites, otherwise k now n as the "Reorganized government, while he terms it a Church"; the Brighamites, other- theocratic-democracy, under analwise known as the "Utah Church" ; the Hedrickites, otherwise known ysis proves to be a theocraticas "The Church of Christ." Other factions increase with the years. autocracy." The theories of Presi- The Reorganized Church has found itself in the toils of other and more dent Frederick M. Smith, however, serious troubles in recent years on account of the announcement of the prevailed, since his ideas were doctrine of "Supreme Directional found to be in accord with those Control" by the First Presidency. This is as follows: of his grandfather, founder of Mor- monism.

The student of Mormonism will note what an intricate and com- plicated situation he must meet when he attempts to evangelize the Mormons of any sect; there is hope for all who, like Mr. Thomas W.

Williams, representing the group of dissenters, will dare to say, "Christ alone is our leader."

Let us endeavor to evangelize the Mormons. The people are far too good for Mormonism.

THE FAITH OF A SCIENTIST Science laid the foundations for a new and a stupendous advance in man's conception of God, for a sublimer view of the world and of man's place and destiny in it …. Personally, I believe that essential religion is one of the world's supremest needs, and I believe that one of the greatest contributions that the United States ever can make to world progress will consist in furnishing an example to the world of how the religious life of a nation can evolve intelligently, wholesomely, inspiringly, reverently, completely divorced from all unreason, all superstition and all unwholesome emotionalism.-DR. ROBERT MILLIKAN, President of the Amer'ican A.q.qociation for the Advancement of Science.

OPICS Of THE

Harassed China in a Troubled (Shantung), in Mukden, Kirin, Har- World bin, . Peitaying and other points in Manchuria, and between Chinese and The Christian Gospel of peace and Koreans in Pyengyang, Seoul and else- good will among men, the doctrines of where in Chosen. The Chinese charge the fatherhood of God and the brother- that Japanese have promoted strife hood of man, the centuries of experi- for the purpose of giving an excuse ence in the evil effects of war, the ad- for intervention in Manchuria, which vance of education, the Kellogg Pact, they are said to covet for colonization the League of Nations, the Hague and commercial exploitation. The Jap- Court, and the various peace and in- anese claim that Chinese have bombed ternational fellowship movements all the Japanese railway and have threat- ,seem powerless to keep peace among ened or damaged the lives and prop- nations. The human equation is at erty of Japanese citizens. The Soviet fault. Even "Christian" Europe is Government, sensing danger to the restless, suspicious and like a powder railway, which they control jointly barrel in the midst of sparks. Ap- with the Chinese, has massed troops parently only the vivid memory of the along the border near Manchuli and last World War, the knowledge of the Russian gunboats on the Sungari River fearful cost of another conflict and are reported to have fired on Chinese the calmness of some wi,se statesmen freight boats on the river near Har- keep European nations from flying to bin. There has also been some agita- arms. tion in North Manchuria and inner The peace of China, with one-fourth Mongolia, in Kirin Province, and in of the world's population, is also con- South Manchuria for autonomy and stantly threatened within and without. separation from Nanking. For an un- To communism, militarists, civil war, derstanding of what has been happen- bandits and brigands are added the ing in Manchuria we should remem- sufferings caused by oppressive pov- ber that while Manchuria is a part of erty and the recent devastations due China, treaty concessions make it al- to terrible floods, famine and pesti- most as much Japanese as Chinese lence. On top of all this China is now territory. The Japanese military sys- threatened by the Japanese military tern also leaves the army and navy, in activity in Manchuria, by mob attacks times of emergency, free from civil on Chinese in Chosen and by the control. These two facts make clear Soviet menace on the Siberian border. much that has appeared incomprehen- As to the cause of the troubles in sible in recent events.

Chosen and Manchuria, there are One effect of these disturbances has charges and countercharges between been shown in the ,savage attack on Chinese and Japanese. The difficulty Dr. C. T. Wang, the able and honored seems to have been caused by mutual Foreign Minister of China. Some suspicion and illwill, by a lack of pa- three hundred Chinese students in tience and wise statesmanship and by Nanking beat him severely, accusing the temper of the Japanese militarists. him of weakness in failing to persuade Riots and conflicts occurred between the League of Nations in intervening Japanese and Chinese in Peitaho in Manchuria. Dr. Wang has since 847

resigned; his place in the Kuomintang Protestant Episcopal Missions. – Government has been taken by Dr. Church and mission have sufferi:ld Alfred Sze, formerly Chinese amba~­ heavily. Water surrounded cathedral sador at Washington. and compound at Hankow. Rose to sec- ond floor of some bUildings. Churches In the midst of all this trouble, how- and schools damaged. One thousand ever, there are signs of hope that refugees gathered at Boone College China will gradually emerge "from and Middle School, Wuchang, and these many difficulties. The Japanese other thousands at Wuhu compound. have promised to withdraw their Kuikiang station flooded, also Hsiaktroops from the area not controlled by wan. Missions at Yangchow and Paotreaty which gives them the right to ying suffered heavily. Property damoperate the South Manchuria Railway. age $45,000 Mex. Relief measures The Canton and Nanking leaders are started. making negotiations to end civil war and to form a unified government. Southern Baptist Missions.- Some The floods have receded and measures fields affected but not seriously, so far are being put into operation to combat as is known at present. famine and pestilence. At times it seems to require some great disaster Methodist Episcopal Missions. – to teach the advantages of peace and Thousands of Christians, members of good will. If foes without will not the Methodist Episcopal Church, are take advantage of China's misfortunes in danger of di,sease and starvation. and if the Chinese will withstand com- Relief work has been started. More munist propaganda from Soviet Rus- than half the territorY of Central sia, and student agitatIon in favor of China Conference (24,700 sq. miles war with Japan, is end~d, there is hope with 12,500,000 people) and one-third that peace will come to China at last. of Kiangsi Conference (with 20,000 sq. miles and 8,000,000 people) were The Flood and Missions in China flooded. Thousands of Christians lost homes, farms, crops, goods, churches Chinese Christians and the mission- and schools. Mission hospitals at Wuaries in China have shared with others hu, Kiukiang and Nanchang handiin the awful suffering that has over- capped by food shortage but received taken those who live in the flooded many sufferers who camped on areas along the Yangtze River and the grounds. Grand Canal. The suffering will last for many months to come because of Presbyterian (North) Missions.- the destruction of crops and homes Flood seriously affected four stations. as well as the loss of life involved in Water above first floor of residences the disaster. and dispensary at Changteh. Refugees filled church. Much of Nanking under Letters already received from mis- water. Harvest ruined. Hwaiyuan sion boards having work in the dis- completely inundated. School buildtricts affected, reveal the following ings on high ground cared for refufacts: gees. Nansuchow and Lchow in flooded area but no report received. No build- Evangelical Luthevan Missions (Mis- ings destroyed. Relief work in operasouri and Ohio) .-Loss of some prop- tion. erty and much damage to submerged houses in the Wuhan cities. Mis- China Inland Mission.-Residences sionaries were at Kuling. Chinese and other buildings in Hankow flooded. Christians took refuge in upper stories Changsha (Hunan) flooded. Comof chapels and schools but loost most of munists are a menace. Food supplies their goods. Relief measures inau- low. Starvation and epidemics threaten gurated. Estimated loss to mission survivors. Most of Chengyangkwan $46,000, Mex. (Anhwei) under water.

No word has as yet been received from other missions.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

Fleming H. Revell can Mi·ssion to Lepers, and for many years was vice-president of the Pres- An honored and beloved member of byterian Board of National Missions. the Board of Directors of THE RE- VIEW, Mr. Fleming H. Revell, entered For Chris~ian character, kindly disinto rest on Sunday, October 11th, at position, business integrity, wise counthe age of eighty-one. Mr. Revell had sel and true friendship, Mr. Revell been in ill health for a number of was highly honored and greatly beyears but had continued his interest loved by a wide circle of friends. in business and in many forms of Christian work until recently when he The Cost of War suffered from a fall at his home in Riverdale-on-the-Hudson, New York. War debts are only a small fraction The directors of THE REVIEW, with of the total cost of international strife. whom he has been intimately associ- The British Chancellor of the Exchegated for the past fifteen years as a uer Snowden reveals the following figfellow worker and friend, will keenly ures for the amount paid on war debts miss his genial and helpful comrad- by France, Italy, Roumania, Greece ship, as will many other boards of and Portugal since the treaty of Verwhich he was a member.. sailles and the sums paid as repara- tions by Germany, Austria, Bulgaria Fleming H. Revell was born in Chi- and Turkey up to June 15th, (period cago on December 11, 1849, and at of about twelve years). the age of twenty started the publishing business. This grew until the To Britwin To America firm which he established was known all over the world, with headquarters France ..•.•.•…. $218,000,000 $200,000,000 in New York and with branches in Italy . . . . . . . . . • • .. 115,000,000 39,000,000 Chicago, Edinburgh and London. They Roumanla …….. 4,375,000 2,700,000 specialized on evangelical literature and rendered a remarkably wide and Greece ……….• 5,875,000 300,000 useful service in publishing the books of such well-known Christian workers Portugal •…••… 8,750,000 as Andrew Murray, A. J. Gordon, D. L. Moody, Arthur T. Pierson, J. Camp- Germany has paid $5,131,500,000 in bell MorgllJl, R. A. Torrey, S. D. Gordon, Ralph Oonnor, Edward A. Steiner, reparations, including deliveries in Robert E. Speer, Arthur J. Brown, John McDowell and others. The firm kind and State properties. Austria also was the largest publisher of home and foreign missionary literature and has paid $4,210,000 by deliveries in in this way exerted, at home and abroad, an influence for good which kind, Bulgaria has paid $13,200,000 cannot be measured. His son, Fleming H. Revell, Jr., succeeds his father in cash and Turkey has paid nothing. in the presidency of the publishing firm. The cost of war also includes the A sister of Mr. Revell married the battleships, fortifications, ammunition, late Dwight L. Moody and thus was early formed with the great evangelist equipment, support of the army and an intimate fellowship that was fruitful in many ways. Mr. Revell was a navy, pensions, bonuses, hospitals, care trustee of the Northfield Schools, founded by Mr. Moody; for twenty- of wounded, insurance, etc., etc. But five years was treasurer of the Ameri- the greatest cost is in the sacrifice of 4 human life; the physical disablement of men, women and children; the dis- eases spread; the diversion of public attention and activity into destructive channels; the destruction of the spirit of brotherhood; the degrading influ- ences exerted; the fierce passions un- leashed; and the spiritual life de- stroyed. These losses and dehumaniz- ing influences are infinitely worse than the financial cost of war-tremendous and far reaching as that is. Civiliza- tion is threatened with destruction to- day-thirteen years after the armi- stice-and yet men and women still prepare for war more than for peace!

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

USEFUL SUGGESTIONS FOR Illustrations for other lines will EFFEOTIVE WORK Ruggest themselves.

By MRS. C. K. LIPPARD Enrolling the Children How to Record Honor Points A missionary cradle roll is often neglected because not properly brought If your organization has an honor to the notice of young mothers. One roll, or uses a credit system, the fol- society had a card printed with a lowing method will prove simple and little empty frame in the center sureffective for either children or adults. rounded by the words: "There is an On a large sheet of cardboard draw empty space in our cradle roll album a series of mountains or hills, each which your baby's face should fill." one marked as one of the goals-as, This was sent to every mother. "All dues paid," "Report sent in promptly," _"Representative sent to The Junior Book, "Open Windows" convention," etc. Head the chart with the words "Hills we have climbed," or Leaders of Junior groups studying "Mountains Scaled." Keep it before Miss Entwistle's book may well take the eyes of members at every meeting. for their own memory verses, Isa. 54: As soon as an honor point is attained, 12-13. paste a flag on top of one peak and have all present rise and sing the And I will make thy windows of agates Doxology. When all peaks are capped and thy gates of carbuncles and all thy with flags paste gold star in center of borders of pleasant stones. chart. And all thy children shall be taught Making Reports Interesting of the Lord; and great shall be the peace of thy children. A report that would be dry when read is often interesting when pre- THE RURAL THEME sented in chart or poster form. A report of work done during a year or Bible Thoughts for Friendly Farmers a biennium may be made up of pictures representing each project, with "So shall ye divide this land unto a brief -sentence to explain each pic- you according to the tribes of Israel. ture, as: "And it shall come to pass that ye Picture of Church in India. shall divide it by lot for an inheritance unto you, and to the strangers that Contributed our share for new sojourn among you, which shall beget building in India. (Amount.) among you; and they shall be unto you as born in the country among the Group of Industrial Workers or Mi- children of Israel; they shall have grants. inheritance with you among the tribes of Israel. Contributed …… toward migrant work. "And it shaH come to pass, that in what tribe the stranger sojourneth; there shall ye give him his inheritance, saith the Lord." Ezekiel 47: 21-23.

Pictures of new members. World Friendship Among Friendly ….. new members received during Farmers year. "They helped everyone his neigh- Pictures of objects sent to fields. bour; and every one said to his Box work contributions ….. . brother, Be of good courage.

850

METHODS FOR WORKERS

"So the carpenter encouraged the "And God said, Let the earth bring goldsmith, and he that smootheth with forth grass, the herb yielding seed, the hammer him that smote with the and the fruit tree yielding fruit after anvil, saying, it is ready for solder- his kind, whose seed is in itself; upon ing; and he fastened it with nails, the earth: and it was so." Gen. 1: 11. that it should not be moved." Isa. 41: 6,7. "And the earth brought forth grass, and herb yielding seed after his kind, A PRAYER OR PRAYElt HYMN and the tree yielding fruit, whose ,seed was in itself, after his kind: and God (For Adults or Children) saw that it was good." Gen. 1: 12.

Lord of the sunshine, Lord of the star- "And in process of time it came to light, pass that Cain brought of the fruit of the ground an offering unto the Lord of the seasons, teach me to know Lord." Gen. 4: 3. How best to love Thee, how best to serve "And Abel, he also brought of the Thee first things of his flock and of the Mid summer's flowers and winter's fat thereof." Gen. 4: 4, (first clause).

snow. The First Covenant (For Beginners and Primaries) "While the earth remaineth, seed- And God said the sun should shine, time and harvest, and cold and heat, and summer and winter and day and The rain should fall, the flowers should night shall not cease." Gen. 8: 22. grow, (Reading Gen. 9: 9-20.) And God said the birds should sing. And it was so, was so. RURAL STOR,tES FROM THE And God said the grass should grow, BIBLE The trees bear fruit, the wind should Old Testament blow, And God said that streams should flow, Birds, flowers, etc., of the Bible And it was so, was so. may be illustrated by boys and girls- drawing, modeling, bringing and past- (Childl'f'u's Hymnal and Service Booh:.) ing pictures.

RURAL STORIES FOR ADULTS Rural paragraphs may be illus- trated. From "The Rural Billion" David, the Shepherd Boy-l Sam. 16. (May be used as basis of discussion) David and Jonathan-l Sam. 19-20. Isaac Seeks a Wife-Gen. 24. 1. Sailors and a Church. Page 136. Jacob and Rachel-Gen. 28. 2. Two Trees in Korea. Page 137 Joseph and His Brothers-Gen. 37: 12- (discuss). 36. 3. A Country Pastor in Africa. Page Joseph in Egypt in Time of Famine- 137 (bottom). Gen. 42: 43-45. 4. A Country Pastor in China. Page Ruth and Boaz-Book of Ruth. 38. 5. Miracle of the Mulberry Trees. New Testament (Same story as above, enlarged and renamed.) Page 38. Jesus at Bethany, (a rural village). 6. An Indian Village Church. Page Jesus at Nazareth, (a rural village). 141. (Enlarge.) Feeding of the Five Thousand, (in the 7. Sam Higginbottom's Parable Ser- mountains) . mon. Page 62. (Basis of discussion on Walk Through the Cornfield. christianizing conditions.) Walk to Emmaus. 8. Feathered and fourfooted mission- The Fig Tree Cursed. aries. Page 50. 9. Story of Moga. (India.) Page 78. OLD TESTMENT RURAL Make a chart of a course in a school in Africa. Page 76. (Discuss.) PARABLES Discuss objectives of this course. Page 77. Parable of the trees and their king, addressed by J otham to the men of RURAL THEME AND THE BmLE Schechem. Judges 9: 7-15.

Old Testament Memory Work Parable of the poor man's ewe lamb, told by Nathan to David. 2 Sam. 12: 1-6. In the Beginning "And the Lord God planted a garden." Gen. 2: 8 (first clause).

Parable of the thistle and the cedar, the country by use of rural pictures addressed by Johash to Amaziah. 2 of the Orient with captions like the Kings 14: 9. . following is effective: Parable of the sluggard and his vine- Christ walked paths like these yard, to the people of Israel. Prov. 24: Christ's first friends were village folk 30-35. Highways like these were trodden by Parable of the unfruitful vineyard, to Jesus the people of Israel. Isa. 5: 1-6. Christ died for folks like these.

Parable of the ploughman, or good out SOME PRAYER METHODS of evil. Isa. 28: 23-29. By MRS. H. W. BIPPUS Parable of the great eagle and the vine. Ezekiel 17: 3-10. (Presented at the Lakeside, Ohio, Institute of Foreign Missions.) Parable of the cedar in Lebanon. Ezekiel 31—-€ntire chapter. Has the missionary group to which I belong great vision, strong motive Parable of the shepherds and the flock. power, or is it just another club going Ezekiel 34—-€ntire chapter. round and round? Are we standing in the hangar with the engine dead, or Parable of the true and false shep- is it purring, throbbing, ready to take herds. Zechariah ll-entire chapter. off to dizzy heights, through fogs of depression, and over barren stretches NEW TESTAMENT RURAL to outposts?

PARABLES Our missions plane may be beauti- ful to behold~ompletely furnished, Mustard Seed-Matt. 13: 31-32. pilot trained, route outlined, engine Sower-Matt. 13: 1-9, 18-23. oiled, and in perfect order, but if Tares-Matt. 13: 24-30, 36-43. there is no fuel in the tank there is Vineyard Laborers-Matt. 20: 1-16. no power, no action. It is impossible Wicked Husband-Matt. 21: 33-46. to get off or to make the journey. Seed Growing Secretly-Mark 4: 26- 29. The prayer life-the devotional part Rich Fool-Luke 12: 16-21. of your missionary society – makes Barren Fig Tree-Luke 13: 1-9. possible the results for which you are The Lost Sheep–Luke 15: 1-7. 'lrganized together. We need power. How shall it be generated? We must RURAL REFERENCES OF JESUS plan definitely for each program a quiet hour that will awaken our mem- Lilies of the Field. bers so that they may experience God Birds of the Air. -may see visions and dream dreams. Sparrows. No haphazard "devotions," hurriedly Behold the Fields-White to Harvest. conducted, will reach into the depths Vineyard. of the souls of our members. Altars Fig Tree. must be lighted with divine fire. Feed My Lambs-Feed My Sheep. Smoldering embers must be fanned. I Am the Good Shepherd. Hearts must be in touch with His. Other Sheep I have. We must allow God to have access to My Yoke Is Easy. our hearts if we expect results.

POSTERS FOR RURAL THEME First let us choose with care the women who shall lead us in this quiet The poem called Vision found in the hour. Perhaps the same one may primary book, "Friendly Farmers," carry through the year. John Masegives the key to One aim of the leader field in his poem "The Everlasting of any age group on the rural theme. Mercy" put into the mouth of the man Our first aim is to get across to our who found Christ these words: "I people the bigness and beauty of the knew that Christ had given me hirth, theme, and the vast opportunities in to brother all the souls of earth." Oh rural areas around the world. Posters with pictures of beautiful rural scenes will help. The caption, Rural Paths in Japan, may depict some scenic marvel in that land of beauty. Rural needs, rural work being done, rural homes and rural people should all be used in artistic posters, to make their appeal for the yet almost untouched millions in country districts of the world. The connecting of Christ with

the glory of the lighted mind. "How re-enlist men in missionary and re- dead I'd been, how dumb, how blind." ligiouB work. We want the womanhood of the Church to have this experience that The committee recommends that they may accomplish their great world Men and Missions Sunday, November task. 15, 1931, be observed at the morning service in each church, and that an For every woman in the church I afternoon interdenominational men's would have prepared a card bearing meeting be held in each city or comthe following: munity.

At 9~OO A. M. Each Day: Suggestions concerning the meet- ings may be secured from the Lay- Repeat P8alm 103: 1-5. men's Missionary Movement, 19 S. Bless the Lord, 0 my soul, and all that LaSalle St., Chicago, Ill., or 419 is within me bless his holy name. Fourth Ave., New York City, or from Bless the Lord, 0 my soul, and forget the secretary of the denominational not all his benefits; missionary board. Who forgiveth all mine iniquities; Who healeth all my diseases; The morning church service should Who redeemeth my life from destruc- include a sermon on a missionary tion; theme, emphasizing the need of par- Who crowneth me with loving kind- ticipation by men; a 10-minute talk ness and tender mercies; by a layman; a missionary hymn sung WhQ satisfieth my mouth with good by men; a Scripture les-son read in things so that my youth is renewed like unison by men and the announcement the eagle's. – of plans for men's meeting,s to discuss My Question-Psalm 118: 12. current missionary literature. What shall I render unto the Lord for all His benefits unto me? Among the topics for discussion are My A'l'Ulwer-Psalm 118: 13-14. suggested such articles as "I Don't I will take the cup of salvation and Believe in Foreign Missions," in THE call upon the name of the Lord-I will MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD pay my vows unto the Lord, yea, in the for May: "The Critics and Missions" presence of all His people. chapter in Dr. Egbert W. Smith's book, "The Desire of All Nations"; For the quiet hour in the meeting "The Testimony of Results," a chaphave some lovely hymn played softly ter in Dr. Stephen J. Corey's new and then have someone tell one of the book, "Missions Matching the Hour"; beautiful stories of Jesus in her own a chapter from Dr. Speer's book "Are words, such as Foreign Missions Done For"? or from Dr. C. H. Patton's new volume, "God's The Lawyer Learns. World." The Centurion's Confidence-Matt. 8: 5-14. A committee ,should be appointed to Peter's Eyes Opened-Acts 10. plan four study sessions for the men The Christian's Challenge-Matt. 28: of the church. Lists of suitable 19-20. Dare you? books can be secured from any board of missions. Words of the hymns should be mimeographed and passed' for reading Sunday Schools and Young People's while piano is played. Societies may make plans to dramatize the Haystack Prayer Meeting at Wil- Quiet prayers should be requested liams College in 1806, on the One days in advance. Hundredth Anniversary of which the Laymen's Missionary Movement was HOW TO USE LAYMEN'S organized twenty-five years ago. A dramatization, prepared by the Coun- MISSIONARY SUNDAY cil of Northern Baptist Laymen, is available through the Laymen's Mis- November 15, 1931, is the Twenty- sionary Movement at 15c each. Fifth Anniversary of the founding of the Laymen's Missionary Movement. In striking contrast to the original meeting of 80 men in the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church in New York City in 1906, a thousand meetings are being planned for 80,000 this fall to

A MISSIONARY GEOGRAPHY GAME (Adaptable to Sunday-school or missionary society programs) Make a large reproduction of this map either on a hlackboard or upsonboard. It should be in color. Adapt countries llnd questions to your own denominational work. A well informed woma.n, who can comment on the facts given by the group, can make this an interesting and informing program.

At the Philadelphia Interdenominational Institute, It was suggested that this map drill be used at meetings of women's societies to which meD have been invited as guests. The objective is to demonstrate the value of eoDsecutive mission studies as they are pursued by the women's organizations. A rich supply of facts in answer to the questions on the map are always to be found in your copies of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. .

QUOTATIONS FO:R THE DEVOTIONAL SERVICE For that wide-open avenue of prayer, out of harmony with eternal Jaw.- All radiant with Thy glorious prom- Van Rensselaer Gibson.

ises, I have aSked for a cupful, and the We thank Thee, Lord! ocean remains! I have asked for a sunbeam, and the sun abides! My best -John Oxenham. asking falls immeasurably short of my Father's giving.-J. H. Jowett. "I want to know Thy guiding voice, To walk with Thee each day; The transitions in our modern life, the new problems that arise, the diffi- Dear Master, make me swift to hear culties of the tasks that now and again And ready to obey." fall upon us, we are not afraid of these because we believe in the resurrection. Not till we stand before the Lord- -Robert E. Speer. A nation splendid and unafraid, Made in the image that God made, Christ wills one fiock, and this re- No man a tYrant and none a slave, quires us not only to labor for the re- Shall the world be saved, as He meant union of all Christendom, but to seek that unity of faith which is essential to save. -Angela Morgan. to its achievement and wholesome per- manence.-Francis J. HaU. All life is miraculous in the sense of being mystic and wonderful, but nothing is miraculous in the sense of being

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY HELEN M. BRICKMAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Council 01 Women lor Home Missions FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation 01 Woman's Boards 01 Foreign Missions 01 North America LUNCHEON SERVED BY FOHEIGN WOMEN IN TOKIO, JAPAN A WORLD ENCIRCLING CHAIN A REPORT OF THE WORLD DAY OF PRAYER, FEBRUARY 20, 1931 By MRS. JOHN P. WHITE, Member, Joint Committee on World Day of Prayer Never in the history of the Chris- an international character to the ob- tian Church has there been such un- servance of the day.

ceru;ing, united prayer as on February "They helped every one his neigh- 20, 1931. The poet's thought of a. bar," was literally true of the world- world encircling chain of prayer was wide service. The programs were realized on that day when women all mimeographed by the committee in over the world met in pine chapel or charge and sent to forty-six or more stone cathedral, in grove or on moun- countries where they were translated tain top, in great city or small hamlet into various languages and adapted to to join their voices in prayer and the conditions of the various com- praise to the God and Father of our munities. In China the National Chris- Lord Jesus Christ. tian Council took the responsibility of Preparation for this wonderful day printing the programs for all partici- began months in advance. The pro- pating groups; Mexico sent printed gram on the theme, "Ye Shall Be My programs to Puerto Rico; Argentine Witnesses," was prepared by Miss shared her programs with Uruguay Kathleen W. MacArthur, of Canada, a.nd Brazil. Always the offering of and the "Call to Prayer" was prepared the Day was "for others."

by the Baroness van Boetzelrer van Follow this chain as it draws to- Dubbledam, of Holland, thus giving gether the praying women around the 855

world. Let the circle begin at that en came to the place of prayer. Melt- line in our Atlas marked "Antipodes," ing snows in the streets of Hangchow, one hundred and eighty degrees east of China, made walking almost impossible, Greenwich. The Day of Prayer begins yet 200 women assembled for the serv- in New Zealand. Following the circle ice; a snowstorm in Teheran, Persia, around the globe the services con- kept the timid and delicate folk away tinue in Australia, Japan, Philippine but the strong and the brave were Islands, Korea, Manchuria, on through there; riots in Columbia, South China, Tibet, Siam, Burma and India, America, due to political disturbances through Persia, Mesopotamia, Syria made a small meeting, but the few and Turkey, across fifteen countries who attended were so inspired by the of Europe, across the continent of thought of this united prayer and so Africa, across South America and impressed by the beauty of the pro- North America to the Hawaiian Is- gram that they felt others should join IJ!.nds and Alaska, finally reaching the them and the whole service was re- Antipodes again where in the service peated during Easter week. Meetings in the Fiji Islands the circle is com- were held in twenty-five centers in plete. Bulgaria. Some of the churches were ,~filled ,to capacity and in one the seats The Chain Made Strong by Great"'""were all filled and many had to stand.

SomeNoufm'thbeerpsrPayaerrtigcripoautpisngreport~',1,,i,,~::,;""pWrOanilErmi~idn'~Cveanlaodna~ scattered over the distances to attend small gatherings, others reported great some of th~ 600 meetings held in that throngs. Foulassi, Africa had "a land. Wom~n walked for·mBesin thousand plus" in attendance and Africa, in India and in Japan, many Kansas City, Missouri, had fourteen carrying babies as they came. In hundred. Not all the meetings were Korea, likewise, mothers necessarily held in conventional places. In Scot- brought their little ones and some- land, where the day was observed times these "tiny toddlers with their from border to border, meetings were tinkling bells," made the service any- held in cities and towns, and away "in thing else than a "quiet hour." In lonely places where it was impossible the Fiji Islands a terrible hurricane to have organized meetings the serv- which destroyed whole villages in a ice was held by individuals in their certain section prevented the women homes." Three "shut-ins" in Teheran, of Davuileve from observing the Day Persia, ,secured copies of the program as they had planned, but meetings and followed it step by step as it was were held in three other places distant being carried out in the church. Two from the path of the storm.

missionary women in Africa were tak- One of the most remarkable meet- ing a vacation in the mountains. Here ings was held in Johannesburg, South they held a "service of prayer in a Africa. About one thousand women secluded place on the mountain side were there. One group was distin- with trees overhead and rocks for guished by white head kerchiefs and seats, the birds joining in praise to white broad collars over red blouses; the Most High." In India a grove- another group had fur skin caps; an- "God's' first temple" – became the other black blouses and white stoles shrine for a group of worshipers. In and pins showing their society initials.

Africa two chiefs opened their com- "The sight was impressive beyond pounds for the services. In China in words."

one district where the meeting was Linguistic difficulties vanished be- announced to begin "just before cock- fore the fervent spirit of praying crowing" a goodly company of men women. In Korea three nationalities and women assembled at the appointed all in Korean dress were met together.

hour. Three different languages were used, Through much difficulty many worn- not just as a matter of interest but to

H131] WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

A FEW OF THE "THOUSAND PLUS" AT ~'OULASSI. AFRICA accentuate the fact that people of The Chain Enlarged by New Link.. many tongues and nations were meeting in the same service of prayer and For several years reports have come praise. from every state in the union. With each passing year new centers ar e re- In Athens 300 women of diverse ported. New names are added to the races and nations and tongues, many list from lands across the seas. Manof whom had been driven acr oss seas churia, South Africa, Uruguay and as homeless refugees, met in a beauti- the Fiji Islands are new links in the ful spirit of unity. Programs were chain in 1931. printed and hymns sung in Greek, Armenian, Turkish and English. There In every sanctuary new voices were was something wonderful about the heard. The participation of nationals mingled sounds of four languages was encouraging. In past years, in sung together. It seemed to be a fore- mission lands, the whole responsibility cast of the great chorus "which no of planning for the celebration of the man could number, of all nations and World Day of Prayer was in the hands kindreds, and tongues" standing be- of miss ionaries. In 1931 other women fore the throne singing praise to "God made a large contribution to the servwhich sitteth upon the throne and ices. In Burma the Burmese women unto the Lamb." took entire charge of the planning of the program and carried it out in a Again in South Africa prayers were splendid way. offered in Zulu and Lesuto and Isixoya and other dialects. The hymns were In one village in India where there sung in three or four languages but in are a few Christians but no organized perfect unison, softly and reverently church, a group of simple peasant without accompaniment. "The singing women met for prayer. They were illiterate and unaccustomed to taking was beautiful, ri ch, h armonious, grand part in a meeting but that day they -like an organ swel!."

ventured for the first time to utter fire placed on Isaiah's lips truly alive brief petitions. and burning with a message"; Per- "Speaking in public is a very new sian girls giving a pageant depicting and difficult venture for the women of life in India; a "Map Talk" in Japan Bulu Land. One of them prefaced her to make clear the circle of prayer; a remarks by asking to be forgiven for "sweet voiced little mother," at the being so short of breath and fright- foot of the Rockies in Canada, driving ened. She said: 'Who would have miles with her little ones in order to thought a few years ago that a Bulu be present and ·sing, "The Garden of woman would have dared to stand up, Prayer"; a great pageant in Kansas especially before men and talk? It City directed by a professional leader is the "Things of God" that have made and using girls of different nation- us free. Now even a little unimpor- alities-all give little glimpses of the tant woman such as I am can speak spirit of the varied groups over the the things that are in her heart.' " world. _.

After a thrilling address on "Wit- In Portland, Oregon, a business ness through the Ages," a Zulu wom- women's meeting was held at the noon an arose and said: "I do not know hour in a down-town district; in In- very much about the great witnesses dianapolis, Indiana, 350 attended the after Paul and the early church but I special evening service for young peo- will tell you of our people and how, pIe; in Xenia, Ohio, a local pastor led after the· missionaries brought the a prayer service and a missionary on good news to Natal, our people went furlough gave an address to the {)50 out to Gazaland and to the interior, boys and girls in the high school. In and some have died as martyrs and numerous places meetings were held witnesses to the truth." for children. In China in some of the In several centers "witnessing" took girls' schools the whole program was concrete form. In Foulassi, Africa, carried out in a beautiful way.

more than ninety remained after the A permanent organization was ef- great congregation had been dismissed fected in Tokio, Japan, which plans to dedicate themselves in a special way for two additional meetings during to the work of witnessing. In a Chi- the year. At the all-day meeting on nese village, following the meeting, February 20 the foreign women, in the women left the place of prayer and the spirit of Him who said, "I am went out two by two to call on their among you as he that serveth," them- neighbors and to give testimony for selves served lunch to all the as- their Master. In one district in India sembled women.

where pastors called men and women In some places the day was observed together the day was used for the as a quiet day of prayer and medita- opening ·service of a well-planned evan- tion without any announcements or gelistic campaign. In Mexico a young speaking. From 9 a. m. until 5 p. m.

man, a stranger, came into the meet- women came and went engaging in ing. Such a service was new to him; prayer, following the subjects given he became an inquirer and within a on a printed program. The hush was few weeks he, with twenty-three broken now and again by strains of others, was received into the fellow- sweet music as the organist played ship of the church. familiar hymns.

The Chain Made Beautiful by The Chain Made Binding by the Variety in Links Spirft of Unity Chinese women singing, "Watch- Every report breathes a beautiful man, What of the Night?" antipho- spirit of unity. Women in the United nally; a Chinese woman reading the States and Canada, in city and village sixth chapter -of Isaiah and "explain- and country community, met together ing the metaphor, making the coals of to witness-not to the value of their

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

different denominations – but to the world and of a new desire to cooperate power of the living Christ. In foreign in all kingdom service. lands as well, the lines of demarcation, while never distinctly drawn, vanished Not on the stated Day of Prayer as women joined in prayer and praise alone, but throughout the year many to God. Christian women have been "continu- ing instant in prayer" joining the One Chinese woman expressed the Sabbath sunset circle of prayer. thought 'of many; "I thank you sincerely for making pos·sible this fellow- Courage, hope, strength, inspiration ship of intercession. Such a sharing and joy have come to the Church of of prayer life will do much to advance Christ throughout the world because the kingdom on earth." A Japanese of the united prayers of God's chilwoman writing of the meeting at dren. Osaka said; "Who can understand the Wherefore let thy voice rise blessing of the meeting except those For so the whole round earth is every who were there? All were happy to think that the women of the world way were praying for the same objects at Bound by gold chains about the feet of the same time." Far Manchuria, reporting their first observance of the God. day added; "Thank you for making it possible for us to take part in this uni- rHINESE WOMEN WHO SANG AT THE versal Day of Prayer." From a re- SBTlVICE IN ICHOWF'U, SHANTUNG, mote station in Africa came thanks for being permitted to participate in CHINA this world-wide service which, as they said, "brought fresh courage, fresh "Hold Fast in Prayer" hope, fresh inspiration to our jaded spirits." With this as her theme Miss Helen Tupper of Lucknow, India, has pre- The Bulu people felt the sense 'Of pared a beautiful program for the fellowship and expressed it in a splen- next observance of the World Day of did way. The pastor read a greeting Prayer, February 12, 1932. It has and the whole congregation yebe'ed been sent in mimeographed form to (agreed) ; foreign landB where it will be trans- lated into many native languages and To all fellow-worshipers observing the dialects and is also ready in printed World Day of Prayer: form. In order to continue giving the "Call to Prayer" and the "Call to We, meeting in the World Day of Prayer to Young People" free, it has Prayer in Elat, Cameroun, West Africa, been necessary to raise the price of give greetings to all of you in forty-four the program from $1.75 per hundred countries of the world. to $2.00. Price per single copy re- mains the same as in prevh)Us years Today we are happy to give thanks to ~2 cents. Suggestions to leaders will you, our brethren all over the world, be- be furnished free with order for procause certain women of the faith were grams. led by God to create such meetings as are held this day. This shows that you A "Call to Prayer" goes out to all are real gardeners in the garden of God, lands with this message prepared by that you watch and pray because you 8ra. Elisa de PaBcoe, of Mexico: fear the one who wars against the Father and His servants shall come and sow his seeds in the hearts of men.

From all over our own land and from every land come testimonies of joy in being privileged to join the Christian women of the entire world in this fellowship ()f prayer, and evidences of an increasing interest in the extension of Christ's kingdom in the

Ask-for a life 'Of deeper spirituality quarters of the denominational misthat there may come a world-wide Pente- sion boards. C'Ost. The Federation of Woman's Boards Seek-for a life of world-service as of Foreign Missions of North America, church members "that the world may be- National Council of Federated Church lieve." Women and Council of Women for Home Missions are the three interde- Seek-for a life of cooperation and nominational organizations which prounity among churches that the work of mote the World Day 'Of Prayer. If the kingdom may go forward. the reader lives in a community where an observance has not heretofore been Knock-that. the world's door may be held and wishes to start plans for one opened-the Gospel spread-the kingdom in 1932, write for advice and sugestablished. gestions to the Joint Committee on World Day of Prayer, Room 43, 105 It is not too early to place order East 22nd Street, New York, N. Y. for supplies, especially the "Call to Prayer" which may be used weeks be- A PRAYER FOR UNITY fore the day and also at the Sunset Hour each Sabbath until the World "0 God, who didst plan the Gospel Day of Prayer, March 3, 1933. :Bor an undivided Church, refuse not, because of the misunderstandings of Young people's groups are urged to its message which rend the unity of make similar use of the "Call to Christendom, to continue Thy saving Young People." work in the broken order of our mak- ing. Prosper the labor of all Churches The poster (14×22 inches) is the bearing the name of Christ and strivsame design as last year's with space ing to further righteousness and faith at the bottom for insertion of time in Him. Help us to place the truth and place for local meeting. By plac- above our conception of it and joyfully ing a poster in every church in the to recognize the presence of Thy Holy community, store windows and other Spirit wherever He may choose to places of prominence several weeks dwell among men. Teach us wherein before the observance, the date will be we are sectarian in our contention and well known and there will be less like- give us grace humbly to confess our lihood of conflicting engagements. fault to those whom in past days, our Price of the poster is 10 cents. communion has driven from its fellow- ship by ecclesiastical tyranny, spirit- One excellent way of making the ual barrenness or moral inefficiency, World Day of Prayer known is through that we may become worthy and comthe seals for envelopes and letter- petent to bind up in the Church the heads. These are the same design as wounds- of which we are guilty and so to hasten the day when there will be the poster, %xl % inches, 25 cents per one flock under one Shepherd, Jesus Christ, our Lord."-Bishop Brent, hundred, $1.75 per thousand. S01lthern Churchman.

The Service of Consecration, "Look- As we go to press, we learn that Helen ing Unto Jesus," by Jean Grigsby Tupper has become Mrs. H. A. Yusufji. Paxton is again available for use in Her marriage takes her to Jubbulpore, connection with the 1932 observance. India. It is suitable for use by the committee in charge prior to the observance or All things are possible to him who beon the day itself. Price is 10 cents. lieves; they are less difficult to him who hopes; they are easier to him who loves; A history of the World Day of and still more easy to him who practices Prayer will be sent on request. and perseveres in these three virtues.- Brother Lawrence. It is possible that other material may be issued for use on February 12, so watch future issues of this magazine for announcements as well as denominational publications.

All of the World Day of Prayer supplies are to be order(ld from head-

AMERICA mission been established among

During the last thirty years wonder- The Revolt in Cuba ful success has attended the mission- aries in this region, and it seems as if LATIN American unrest has spread only a lack of funds prevents the to Cuba and a serious revolution evangelization of a brave and interestwas threatened under the leadership ing people. of ex-President Menocal. Economic hardship, due to low price and super- fluity of sugar (selling at two cents a Chapel Auto in Puerto Rico pound), has added to the flame of political discontent. The present regime, T HE chapel auto is in service ill whatever party is in power, is always distant parts of the Island of blamed for hard times. Fighting be- Puerto Rico, often taking a little sidgan on August 9th, but the proclama- ing along some country road. Recently tion of marshall law by President Ma- the colporter pitched his tent in one chado, the capture of the ex-president, of the open spaces of a "barrio," and the defeat of the revolutionists (village) of Rio Piedras, where two seem to have suppre&sed the uprising. Sunday-schools are held on Sunday The revolutionists demanded: afternoons. A number in these chapel car services openly confessed Christ. The return to the constitution of 1901. The Christians stand, if necessary, all The reorganization of political parties. through the services, to give their Freedom of press and speech. seats to those who come as strangers A new census and new elections. to the tent, many of whom are hearing Resignation of President Machada, the Gospel for the first time. Candi- "who has unconstitutionally extended his dates, gathered together to be intenure of office." structed, often are numerous enough to make up a congregation. They are Such political and economic trouble taught to pray, to sing the Gospel severely harrasses the work of the message, and to live the Chdstian Christian churches. The American way; they are also taught to give. Presbyterian, Baptists, Methodists and A large number of earnest workers, others have built up a strong work with their pastor, a"e taking the Gosand are cooperating harmoniously, but pel message to the interior homes, far the present poverty is proving a very removed from the central highway.- serious handicap. Watchnwn-Examiner.

Chilean Indians Chile in Confusion T HE South American Missionary ABOUT three months ago Chile be- Society draws attention to the ft came tired of the dictatorship of needs of the Araucanians of southern Chile. For three centuries this tribe President Carlos Ibanez and the fires of Indians heroically struggled against the invader, and in spite of having to stand against European arms and of revolt spread. Wild scenes were methods of warfare, they never ac- enacted in the city streets. As a re- knowledged defeat. The descendants suIt the dictator fled. Then the navy of these warriors still occupy the lands mutinied under Communist impulses for which their forefathers suffered and threatened to set up a Soviet and died. Naturally, they distrusted regime. The mutiny has now been the foreigner, and only recently has a quelled and order established but Com- 861

munist fires smoulder under the sur- mental .outfit. I showed him Luke 22: face. The Chilean Army, under the 36, explaining that Christ and His military dictator, increased from 30,- KingdDm .had been rejected, the new 000 to 70,000 and the national debt order 'Of things which would have been from $125,000,000 to $500,000,000. -ushered in under his reign being re- The Chilean people seek relief from fused by religiDus leaders of his day.

militarism and from over-burdening [But in the account .of the incident in taxation; they need enlightenment in Matthew 26: 52, Jesus rebuked Peter the teachings of Christ concerning the for his use of the sWDrd.] I then told true basis of peace, righteousness and them 'Of the day when Christ shall re- good will. turn to earth and when spears and Revival in Peru swords shall be beaten into plDwshares and war shall cease. There was great DR. GEORGE RIDOUT, after con- astonishment and hungry questions." ducting evangelistic meetings in Lima, Peru, said: "My experience in EUROPE Lima teaches me that a revival of re- Novel Non-Churchgoer Campaign ligion is possible anywhere if God's ANGLICAN and NDnconformist people will meet the conditions." churches in CrDyd'On (LondDn) conducted a novel campaign tD reach Referring to an aeroplane tour of nonchurchgDers. The Bishop of Cr'Oy- dDn and Mr. Idris Evans bODked the South America by Rev. Harry Strach- most popular .open-air cricket pitches an, the editor of the Latin American Evangeli8t, writes: Time was when we thought it abso- for a series of meetings for the eXP'Osilutely necessary to the evangelization of tiDn of Christianity in the light of the continent that God should raise up mDdern knowledge' and social condieloquent Latin American evangelists. tions. At each meeting there was an The years have taught us wisdom. To- address .on a s12ecial subject by an exday, we are asking God to put His Spirit pert, and then time was devoted to upon all the native believers, however answering questions. The devDtional humble, and send them out into the high- part of the service was eliminated. ways and byways to gather in such as The Bish'OP spDke every night fDr a shall be saved. Our converts everywhere week, and was supported by all the are humble people, but they are in touch clergy and ministers of the borDugh. with multitudes of their own class–the Social and industrial questions were class that constitutes the vast majority. discussed, as well as theological and If they were filled with the Holy Spirit, philDsophical problems. Hecklers were how their love and zeal would speed them given full 'Opportunity by the speakers. with the message into'places where the missionary cannot go! Out on the coffee Religion in Norway Schools plantations, the peon would tell his fel-. lows; the washerwoman down by the RELIGION is included in the curricriver side would tell in her own way of ulum .of the scho'Ols in Norway and the joy and peace that are hers, because in other cDuntries with a state religiDn, "Jesus came into her heart." Wherever these believers are aflame with love to Christ. they are doing just that, with blessed results in souls saved.

Evangelizing Chile's Armies according to the United States Office .of EducatiDn. The religiDus instruc- MR. AND MRS. WILLIAM M. tiDn is usually listed first 'On the pro- STRONG, whD have been preach- gram. The age of confirmatiDn in the ing tD natiDnal troDps in both Chile Norwegian Lutheran Church is nDr- and Ecuador consider this the most mally fourteen, that is, at the clDse .of interesting .of all their South Ameri- the folke8kole, (primary: schDDI) when can ministry. At the clDse of a series the child has completed his first step 'Of meetings the oomma:rulante, sur- in religious training. The aim of the rDunded by his officers, asked: "'How CDurse in the middlekole, (secDndary do you reconcile the teachings of Jesus schoDl) is "tD secure a definite knowl- Christ with this 7" indicating the regi- edge of the mDst impDrtant content 'Of

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Bible history, the principal events in 1925. Nine denominations are included church history, together with the in the Council, only the Reformed Christian fundamentals according to churches having as yet refrained from the evangelical Lutheran faith." joining.

Million Dollar Church in Paris Religious Liberty in Italy THE American Church of Paris, a T HE Council of the World's Evan- union Protestant church whose first gelical Alliance has addressed a building was opened in 1857, dedicated letter to Signor Mussolini thanking its new million dollar edifice in Sep- him for "the recent promulgation of tember. The minister, Rev. Joseph W. Decree.'l of the Italian Government un- Cochran, is a Presbyterian, formerly .der which liberty of conscience and of Philadelphia and New York. The worship, first granted in Italy in 1861, church is free from debt, two Amer- is reaffirmed and substantiated for all icans having given $350,000 toward classes and creeds in the Italian kingthe building. Many of the stained dom." The following reply has been glass windows are gifts of American received through the Italian Ambasfriends of the church. The church is sador in London: "I am instructed by a positive influence in the city and is the Head of the Italian Government looked to for spiritual guidance by to thank you on his behalf for your many who have long since broken con- letter of the 2nd July last, and convey tact with their traditional religion. to you his most sincere appreciation The press in all parts of the republic of your acknowledgment of his action is opening its pages as never before in favor of liberty of conscience and to the news of evangelical progress. worship in Italy."

Gospel for Gypsies Finnish Mission Society ABOUT six years ago Jaija Sattler, FROM the annual report of Director member of a gypsy tribe of horse Tarkkanen of the Finnish Mission traders in north Germany, confessed Society, it appears that in Africa, Christ and has since worked as evan- where the Society has been at work gelist among gypsies. Last year he for 60 years, the doors are wide open translated John's Gospel in their dia- for the Gospel. The present number lect and 562 copies of the little book, of Christians in this field is 25,000. bound in red, the gypsy favorite color, During the past year 1,195 candidate~ were distributed during the summer. have applied for baptism.

The gypsies are not educated, nor The work in China is laboring unhave they a literature for preserving der the stress of the times but as a their language. Spending their lives result of the difficulties the Christians on the move, with only occasional there have experienced a deepening of gathering of their clans, their speech their faith and the work has been has fallen into many dialects. This carried forward. In spite of the ravnecessitates the printing of very small ages caused by Communists and baneditions in each dialect, with frequent dits, the hindering of the work, the changes in translation. plundering and destruction of stations, the work itself has &'Qne on. There Holland Has Church Council were 67 baptisms which under the circumstances is considered a very en- A COUNCIL of Churches in the couraging number. Besides, the pros- Netherlands came into being this pects for educational work are bright. year and held its first meeting on May The area oomprises a population of 28, in Utrecht. This most recent of three and one-half millions and among the developments in church federation these there are five male missionaries in Europe is a direct outcome of the at work (with only three married) Universal Christian Conference on and five unmarried female mission- Life and Work, held in Stockholm in

aries. The board is working with a curved in to the pinnacle. ThecSe domes deficit 'of 313,000 marks. were so graceful that they looked like golden bubbles 'On the tops of the (JowDlunism. Decreasing towers. The whole structure stood as E XCEPT in Germany and the Unit- a monument of Russian art and re- ed States, the membership of the ligion. But the Soviets put dynamite Communist Party is said to be now under it and reduced it to a mass of considerably less than it was a few broken stone. This piece of vandalism years ago. This fact was stated at is an illustration of what the anti- the recent meeting of the Communist religious Communists would like to do International Executive Committee in to God and to all religious faith. Their Moscow. Great Britain's figures indi- attitude and acts are a result of igno- cate that Communism finds its most rance, blindness and stupidity. Even favorable soil in times of local unrest. sceptics cry 'Out against such foolish The highest recorded membership of and destructive violence.

the Party in England was 10,730 in September, 1926, during the closing AFR,1;CA of the mines. In 1921 there were 10,- Conference on Children 000 members; early in 1931, 2,711 AN INTERNATIONAL Conference only. A notable feature of the Com- .t:. on African Children, organized munist Party's experience is the ra- by the "Save the Children Inter- pidity with which its new members national Union" wa,s held at Geneva drop away. Considering, therefore, during the summer. Nine experts that the latest figures must still in- were sent by the British Government.

clude a proportion of what might be The Belgian and Italian Governments called "floating" members, the solid were also represented. Delegates from membership of the Party in Great many denominations, including mis- Britain possibly does not much exceed sionaries and several Negroes from 1,000. The heavy loss of new mem- Africa and America took an active bers is almost certainly accounted for part in the discussions. It was de- by two causes: first, that Communism cided that a permanent center of in- promises to the needy and disaffected formation regarding African children what it cannot perform; second, that should be established in Geneva under the Party demands from its members the international union.

a degree of discipline and proselytiz- Conclusions regarding infant mor- ing labor such as only the fanatical tality, education and child labor will are prepared to give. Communism is be submitted to the colonial powers a most exacting form of slavery, and concerned, and to all colonial adminis- not, as is sometimes assumed, a doc- trations in Africa.

trine of perfect freedom.-The Chris- tian (London). Prohibition in Abyssinia Russians Blow Up Cathedral! PROHIBITION agitation has per- meated Ethiopia, says Addison E. Southard, American Minister t'O Abys- T HE Soviet Russians have blown up sinia. the great Cathedral of Moscow, built by Alexander I in commemora- Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethition of the defeat of Napoleon. This opia, claims descent from Solomon and was one of the great pieces of Russian the Queen of Sheba. architecture. Its walls rose foursquare pierced by slender windows, on the The Berhanena Salama-Abyssinia's four corners were small towers sur- on:Jy nationally read newspaper- speaks thus of intoxicating drink: mounted with domes, and out of the The harm caused by drink shops is vast structure rose the great central worthy of serious consideration. Prodome, consisting of a tower-like colon- prietors of lands alongside the roads naded base which swelled out and then build two Dr three or more ShDPS, accord- ing to their means, and rent them out.

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The greater number of these places are teachers, and sent Europeans there, operated as drink shops. In order that they found at least 20,000 who stood receipts may not diminish, the operators steadfastly by the little they had of these shops invite musicians. When learned, waiting for the further light. passers-by hear the voices of musicians they are attracted by the music. Some Other African prophets have been young men approach the shops and listen. They see the home brew displayed in a menace to truth. Carried away by decanters, and they say: "Let us buy a piaster's worth and taste it." ·selfish ambition they have threatened both government and right conduct. Attracted by the conversation, they South Africa has had a succession of tarry and decide to drink more. The these. But instances are not lacking musicians request them to give their where religious awakening has come names. After they have given their through visions to those with Chrisnames the musicians begin to praise tian tendencies. One man, who apthem. parently died, sat up and told of a journey into another world, to a bright Drink shops should be forbidden, as and shining city where all were dressed they have become the source of all sins. in spotless white. One had come and told him to return to earth and call African. Gifts for Education. the people to give up beer and polyga- my and believe the Word of God. His ON THE Buwalasi plateau, 500 feet words were heard with awe by those up on Mount Elgon (Kenya Col- who had gathered to mourn. When ony), a training institution for clergy the man recovered he went everyand teachers is being erected by the where, speaking this simple Gospel of Church Missionary Society. Part of repentance and whoie villages were the money was contributed in England moved by the word of one who seemed and Ireland' and now Archdeacon to have heard in the spirit world the Mathers is bringing the scheme before message that confirmed the mission- African chiefs and congregations in ary's Gospel. the diocese. On one such occasion he says: Revolt in. Belgian Congo The chiefs rose one by one and depre- ECONOMIC depression is felt in the cated the selfish uses of money, county remote Kwango district of Belchiefs promising 100 to 200 shillings, gian Congo in the lowered price of smaller chiefs 60s., 50s., 40s., etc. A na- palm nuts, and the government is contive policeman gave lOs., teachers gave sidering the necessity for a fixed price more than a month's wage. A blind girl because of the natives' inability to gave 2s.; a man going on hands and understand economic fluctuation. Reknees 2s. At Lira when the school chil- cently, serious trouble was precipitated dren were asked if they could manage by so-called "Sons of Satan," a tribe 1008., immediately a forest of hands shot of devil worshipers. A prophet, anup. The people are also bravely tackling nounced that Satan was coming, and the erection of a church to cost £1,000. would bring money, provisions, and It was amusing at several places, where clothes. Natives erected huts around many could not find room inside the their villages, with gifts for Satan, as church, to see heads popping in at small they awaited his arrival. Then the windows, eager to make their promises. natives decided to expel the white man The promises in all amounted to about and dispose of everything belonging £250 ($1,220). to the Europeans. Trouble began in earnest, and rebellion followed. A -The Hope of Africa. European official was seized, killed and eaten by the natives. Punitive meas- "Prop,hets" in A.frica ures on a large .scale were then under- taken, and the revolt has been sub- ONE of the most striking phases of dued. African character is seen in the influence of so-called prophets.

William Harris was an unlettered catechumen of the Wesleyan Mission, who carried his burning zeal for the simple message of Christ all over the Ivory Coast, until French authorities deported him. When the Wesleyans heard the cry of his followers for 5

Religious Freedom in Sudan WESTERN ASIA A MOHAMMEDAN girl of the Su- Moslem Appraises Christian Mis"ions dan recently became a Christian. In Egypt, Copts may turn to Islam, AN ARTICLE in a Moroccan paper, and hundreds do, but in spite of by an outstanding Syrian, speaks constitutional religious liberty, if a on the nonpolitical character of Chris- Mohammedan wishe·s to become a tian missions: Christian, he meets opposition from all sides, and the law is no help to him. It has seemed good to many Moslems, The Egyptian Government has at times insisted upon young women, who whenever propagandists of the Gospel had become Christians, returning to their Mohammedan relatives or guard- appear in any corner of the Moslem ians. The Sudan Government, on the contrary, refused to return the young lands, to say, This is all machination for Mohammedan girl referred to above, to her Mohammedan relative·s on the the purpose of colonizing. I have always ground that she was of age. She has since been baptized, and is in active been and still am against this idea….. . Christian service.-AUiance Weekly. Those who invite to Christianity, and "TThe Hope of ./.frica HE two greatest fO.rces fO.r good who risk their lives for its sake in that are at work III AfrIca today are without doubt the Christian the farthest lands-despising killing, or home and the Christian school," writes a missionary of the Church Mission- death from cholera, or sleeping sickness; ary Society at Gulu, in the Eastern Province of Uganda. "It is the Chris- accepting gladly in its course a rough tian pupils in our schools who are the hope of Africa. It is they who will lhiof~eess,epaanrdatiootnherfrothmingths eir people and make or mar the nation, and so we th at are dear must fit them, body, mind, and spirit, for the tasks that lie before them. To to a man-do not endure all these hard- ships ……for the seeking of worldly aims, but have other-worldly purposes purely; they desire, according to their thought, to guide the rest of mankind into the right way. Truly, I respect these groups …… with all respect, and hope that there may be in Islam some to un- dertake one-tenthousandth part of what these undertake of sacrifice in such a course …… The great mass of them go to all parts of the world, and risk danger, and strive day and night to spread their religion and their intelligence without expecting rewards or thanks. Where are the preachers of Islam, callers to the Koran, who will give generously of their means; cross the deserts, and climb the mountains, and travel the seas to spread the word of monotheism? Where are the societies organized for this praiseworthy purpose?-Alliance Weekly.

do this we must train up more African United Missionary Council men and women who will in their T HE biennial meeting of the United turn lead their pupils 'on to be the best Missioriary Council of Syria and they can be for Christ and for their Palestine, held in Beirut last spring, own people. The call comes for more was the first attended by regular deleworkers to go out to these people. gates from evangelical churches of the Educational work is full of interest two countries. One of the first tasks and fascination in the Elgon Mission of the Educational Union was to surtoday, and full of untold possibilities. vey the extensive areas of Syria and Thousands are clamoring for knowl- Palestine unoccupied by any missionedge and yet there are all too few ary agency. Hundreds of villages are teachers and schools. The people are still untouched, but the new attitude most responsive. 'Send us a teacher,' of receptivity among the non-Chrisis their cry again and again, and often tian population is a challenge. There there are no teachers to send. Surely is an eagerness for education and litwe, with all the educational advan- erature. There is a breaking down tages we enjoy at home ought to give of the extreme rigidity of Islam and them a Christian education that will of the former prejudice against changchange the life of the country." ing one's religron. Public baptisms

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are possible and converts may ever re- American Board missionary institu- main in their old environment, and tions in Turkey from the point of view there witness for Christ. of religIous education. – The Congre- Other "finding,s" included: The or- gationalist.

ganization of the Christian Medical Council of Syria and Palestine; the INDIA AND BURMA establishment of a clearing house for Gandhi's Appeal for India M information about the development of AHATMA GANDHI gave his first radio broadcast from London and religious and political movements in this area; and an annual life-work it was heard in America on September conference for boys. 13th. He said: "On behalf of India's Prison for "Yellow" Editors semi-starved millions, I appeal to the conscience of mankind to come to the T HE L"nited Press states that news- rescue of people who are dying in or- papers in Turkey must be digni- der to regain their liberty." He defied, or their editors will go to jail. A scribed the human race as "sick unto new law prohibits the elaborating of death of blood-spilling" and as seeking reports of murders, burglaries, and another method of settling differences.

suicides. Any attacks on the institu- "Perhaps it will be the privilege of the tion of monogamous marriage are for- ancient land of India to show the way bidden, as well as detailed reports of out to a hungering world!"

divorce proceedings. It is said that The thing which impressed listeners the highly CO'lored representations of was its sincerity and his admissions suicides in particular, which have ap- of the weakness of the case which he peared in the Turkish press, have been represents. He expressed humiliation responsible for prompting a wave of that Hindus believe that millions of suicides among the young, especially their countrymen are born "untouch- among Turkish women and students. ables." He spoke frankly of the vio- lent divisions between Moslems and Religious Education – Without Reli- Hindus and offered to sign a blank gion'! piece of paper letting his Moslem CAN the religion of Jesus be caught friends write out the agreement. Mr. without being taught? This is a Gandhi is descended from a line of real problem in missionary work. The prime minister,s in his native state.

Turkish Government has placed in- Before he abjured worldly gain, he creasingly stringent regulations in the was earning a good income as an at- way of religious instruction in the torney in British courts. The loincloth schools and other institutions main- that he wears is his armor and a tained bv the American Board in Asia badge of honor, showing his selfsacri- Minor. . The Bible cannot be taught, ficing spirit in the efforts to bring nor religious services held in connec- peace and prosperity to India.

tion with school' work. The teachers are forbidden to discuss religion with Poverty and Illiteracy in India anyone under eighteen years of age T HE report of the British Royal Commission on Labor in India, without the parents' consent. with -seven Indians, and represent- How far can Christian faith be atives of employers and workmen and propagated by ,simple "contagion of character"? Is it sufficient for a mis- one woman, is generallyconsidered the sionary to merely live a truly Chris- most valuable document ever produced tian life without overt efforts at evan- giving reliable and impartial informagelism? These are interesting questions, and exceedingly practical ones. tion about labor conditions in India. W. A. Harper, formerly president of The report says: Elon College, has sailed for the Near East to study the present work of the In India nearly the whole mass of in- dustrial labor is illiterate, a state of affairs which is unknown in any other

country of industrial importance. It is expenditure of about $900,000. This almost impossible to overestimate the will provide a beautiful chapel, two consequences of this disability, which are classroom buildings, library, four labobviously in wages, in health, in produc- oratories, an administration building, tivity, in organization and several other a students union club house, six dordirections. Modern machine industry de- mitories, a swimming pool, athletic pends in a peculiar degree on education, grounds and 35 bungalows for the and the attempt to build it up with an faculty. illiterate body of workers must be difficult and perilous.

Decline of Drink Tramc A Boy in Tra.ining F T IGURES of the excise revenues of HE story of Jito, one of the stu- India for the year, April, 1930, to dents at Ewing Christian High March, 1931, show evidence of con- School, Ludhiana, is as an example of siderable decline. The anti-drink cam- the type of boy who seeks education paign carried on by the National there. Jito enrolled a number of years Congress and its thQusands of volun- ago with a desire for an education, teers all over the country is an im- but had little money with which to portant factor in bringing about this pay his expenses. A friend paid part decline in the revenues from intoxi- and he received a scholarship. He cut cating drink. The general economic kindling wood and worked at any odd depression has also made its contribu- job which he could get. tion, for people naturally give up non- Jito is from the depressed (out- essentials when their ineome declines. caste) classes. He told the principal The total loss of excise revenues for last winter that his greatest desire in one year in all the provinces is 34,- life was to become a Christian min- 845,000 rupees, (about $13,500,000). ister. With that as his goal he is attending a training class for teachers Christian Educa.tion for Men and after that will learn a trade, per- DR. E. D. LUCAS, President of For- haps weaving, so that he will have man Christian College, recently -some means of helping to support himsaid that the next ten years in India self, should his congregation not be are going to be perhaps the most able to meet all his expenses.

critical years in India'-s long history: Fifty Years in Ongole and what India becomes and does in these ten years will be of great sig- T HE golden jubilee of the Ongole nificance to the entire world. He con- High School in South India was tinued: celebrated early this year. During "America has done big things in these past fifty years more than 4,200 Christian education for China, the boys have attended this American Philippines, the Near 'East and for Baptist Mission school. The influence Egypt, but we have not a single well- of this institution among the Telugus endowed or well-equipped American can scarcely be overestimated. Gradu- Christian college for men in India. A ates are filling positions of trust both college, which for the present receives in and out of the mission, ranging substantial help in men and money from doctors in mission hospitals, from America, with its -spirit and con- teachers and headmasters in schools, trol thoroughly Indian, is what Chris- from village primary to normal train- tian India wants for the training of ing schools, agriculturalists, clerks, her best sons and for helpful, fruitful school inspectors, agents in govern- service to non-Christian India. ment offices, and many other positions "For this new college of our dreams, of interest. Those in charge of the we have secured and'paid for the new school aim so to permeate the institu- site of 200 acres, we have in the sale tion with the spirit of Christ, and value of our present site about $500,- surround the boys with the Christian 000. Our building plans call for an atmosphere that they will be eager

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and ready to represent him in what- CH.~A ever work they do in India.-Watchman-Examiner. Christianity at Work Christian Leadership in Burma DR. C. Y. CHENG, foremost Chris- tian leader of China, was a rJ' HRA )fAUNG YIN is a product speaker at the International C. E. .1 of foreign missions. His efficiency, Convention in San Francisco. His observations on the religious tug of zeal and wise administration have war going on in China are of interest. brought him deserved commendation. He says that the spirit of bewilder- He is an acknowledged leader, wise in ment has passed and a changed attiall his efforts, commanding the respect tude from inertia to activity has come and good will of all races among whom over the Christian Church, which has he works. been kept busy during the past two years in practical projects for the un- When he enlisted for work among fortunate. Many forms of applied rethe non-Christians during his first long ligion have been attempted with good vacation while attending the Theo- effects, notably the famine relief work logical Seminary, the villagers where for the ·suffering millions. The Nawe asked him to stay and work re- tional Christian Council is considering fused to receive him, yet he quietly practical measures for helping the stayed, helping them in their houses economic conditions. A number of and field manual work, meantime gain- Christian Qr semi-Christian organizaing the interest and cooperation and tions are facing some of the more admiration of the children. Then he urgent social problems, such as child started a school and of course estab- welfare, opium traffic and mass edulished a choir. The pupils helped him cation. There is also a new consciousbuild a rough school building, but it ness of the importance of the home, was soon burned. They built another and much attention has been given to and that, too, was burned. Somewhat efforts for the christianization of the later they built a third which is still home life of China. standing. When he had to go back to the Seminary they all begged him On the other hand, opposing forces to come back to them during the next against Christianity have never been vacation. so bold and positive in their denunci- ations and criticisms. More literature That was almost 30 years ago and has been published in recent years now that village is Christian and the against the Christian religion than in center of several other villages which all past years; yet the circulation of also have become Chri.stian. There is the Bible has been singularly successno church which would not gladly call ful. General Chang Chih-chiang orhim as pastor if a new one were re- dered specially bound copies from the quired. American Bible Society for his Chris- tian and non-Christian friends, and He served for two years as chaplain had printed on the covers, "This is during the War and baptized 137 con- the greatest book in the world." verts from his regiment, Burmans, Pwo Karens and Sgaw Karens, who Missionaries and the Church in China have stood the test of time admirably. The English commanding officer ex- THE position of the missionary in pressed the greatest regret that he the Church of Christ in China is could not stay longer and gave him discussed in an address by Dr. A. R. the highest recommendation as to his Kepler, General Secretary of the Seccharacter and abilities. ond Assembly of the Church of Christ in China. Because of the lack of uni- It is now his ambition to have every formity in practice Dr. Kepler makes church in the Baptist Association a the following proposals :- center of evangelism, dennitely pledged to active participation. – Dr. C. A. Nichols.

(1) That missionaries now holding ing a worthy reply to her detractors membership only in the Church in in the Five-Year Movement, 8eeking China be advised to restore their mem- to build up her own spiritual life, make bership in their Mother Church in the active Christian centers of her homes, West. (2) That we urge all local reach out to the unevangelized with churches, district associations and the Gospel of Christ, and to offer servsynods to receive missionaries work- ice to the illiterate, the ignorant, the ing in the Church in China as cooper- poor and oppressed, the victims of an ative members, and that as long as unjust social order and the rapidly dethey work in our Church, they shall vel9ping industrial system. 5. Rural have all the privileges and responsi- church work has entered on a new bilities that the Chinese have in the era of effectiveness. 6. Most signifisame work. (3) That we ask each cant was the public baptism of the church, district association and synod virtual President of the Republic, to provide on its membership rolls a Chiang K'ai-Shek. classification known as cooperative members, on which the missionaries Communism.'s Strength and Weakness working under the control of our Church shall be placed. (4) That other T HE present strength of Commumissionaries not working under the nism in China is seen in the folcQntrol of the Church in China, but lowing figures: their five generals working in affiliated organizations, control four armies totaling 60,000 such as the Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. C. soldiers. A., National Christian Council, Christian Literature Society, etc., may also These Communists operate in five be made cooperative members by the provinces, actually rule over 50,000 vote of the local church, district as- square miles, have the cooperation of sociation or synod. (5) Where the wife Russia, the ,sympathy and support of of a missionary does full-time WQrk millions of peasants and workers, and under the Church, she shall, as a mem- when they are attacked by national ber of the local church, have all the troops, groups of mutino~s soldiers privileges of church members.-The continually join them. In two vears United Church Review. they caused 28 mutinies in th~ na- tional armie;; and stirred up 184 The Church Marches On strikes in Shanghai alone. T. T. Lew reports that of 600 books printed in T HE London Missionary Society China during the first five months of thus sums up the progress made 1930, two-thirds were on social probby the Chinese Christian Church. 1. lems, and at least 400 were colored by The violent anti-foreign movement Communism or were thoroughly Comhas shorn the Church of political pres- munistic. Their leaders are well edutige, leaving her stronger spiritually, cated and courageous; many have and free to become a veritable Chinese studied in Moscow or other places in Church. 2. The same thing ·stimulated, Europe. even precipitated, the growth of selfgovernment. The Church during this Withal, it is not considered likely time has taken over from the missions that Communism will dominate China many responsibilities and is preparing because it violates the Chinese demoto assume more. 3. The union of Con- cratic instinct, her social and family gregational and Presbyterian elements ideas, as well as her love of comprois attracting to itself other denomina- mise and peaceful methods. tional groups and is building up a strong Church organization. A pro- Peaceful Activities of the Army visional General Assembly was held in 1925, and the first full meeting two FOR the first time in the history of years ·later. 4. The church is mak- China, soldiers of the National Army have been utilized in a purely civil undertaking completely in charge of civilians, acccrding to a letter re-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ceived by the Board of Foreign Mis- was a burglar and although the missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. sionary had not aimed to kill him and S. A. The occasion was the formal had not even intended to wound him, opening of the $1,000,000 Satochu still the shooting was not justifiable. Canal on the Yellow River, running They said: almost 50 miles to the Black River, with about 150 miles of branch water- Although Dr. Tucker, in protecting the ways cutting off from the main canal. hospital property, felt it necessary to The soldiers in uniform were im- shoot, certainly the taking of life is conpres,sed into the service in order to trary to the purpose of a missionary in have the canal ready on schedule time. coming to China. As the missionary pro- The canal was conceived and consum- claims the Gospel of Jesus, who sacrificed mated in the hope that it will help His life for others, so the missionary's convert the Yellow River, known as acts should exemplify the Christian "China's Sorrow," into "China's Bless- spirit. Accordingly the present group ing." absolutely disapproves of this fatal shooting, unintentional though it was, " 0A Chinese ArDlY Decalogue and likewise disapproves of a mission- MEA," an organization of influ- ary using deadly firearms to protect ence in the nationalist armies of property. China, signifies "Officers Moral Endeavor Association." The body is pat- The American and British business terned after the Y. M. C. A. and has men in China have strongly taken the adopted ten commandments formu- opposite view. Certainly the incident lated by General Chiang Kai-shek, is much to be regretted, although the president. They are: missionary may be exonerated. It is the conviction of many Christians that 1. Thou shalt not covet rifles. the taking of the life of another is not 2. Thou shalt not fear to die. justifiable, even in the defence of one's 3. Thou shalt not ostentatiously personal life and property.

show thyself. JAPAN-CHOSEN 4. Thou shalt not be proud. 5. Thou shalt not be lazy. Lack of Religious Liberty in Japan 6. Thou shalt not commit adultery CHRISTIAN schools in Japan have nor gamble. been laboring under a serious 7. Thou shalt not smoke. handicap in their effort to provide re- 8. Thou shalt not borrow money. ligious education for their students. 9. Thou shalt not drink wine. 10. Thou shalt not lie. On August 3, 1899, the Department of Education issued a regulation which Shan Missionaries Shoot? reads as follows: T HE fatal shooting of a Chinese Since it is highly important to keep burglar by Dr. F. F. Tucker, in general education separate from religion, the Williams-Porter Hospital of the therefore it shall not be allowed in American Board Mission at Tehchow government and public schools and in last July, created a diplomatic incident schools conforming to the curriculum which was settled by the release of the ordained by law, to conduct religious missionary in custody of the Ameri- ceremonies even outside of the regular can consul at Tsinan. Twenty-seven curriculum. members ,of the American Board Mission, of which Dr. Tucker was a mem- This ordinance has forbidden reliber, sent a statement of their attitude gious instruction and religious ceretoward the incident to the vernacular monies in all government and public and English-language pres,s. These schools and in all schools which sought missionaries, who did not sign their full government recognition. names, held that, although the Chinese Schools which were willing to for- feit the privileges and advantages of government recognition could p"ovide for religious education in their cur- riculum and hold religious meetings in their school buildings. Such schools are at a great disadvantage because

of the fact that graduates of recog- rate per 1,000 fell from 19.6 to 16.7, nized public schools may go on to and the infant mortality fell to 65 per higher institutions without an exam- 1,000 births as compared to the averination: also these students get the age of 156 for the whole of Japan. privilege of postponing military training until after graduation, and they The National Brewers and Distillers get preferential treatment in securing League faces the probability (on their government appointments and public own e·stimate) of a decreased coneducational institutions. sumption this year of 25 per cent and memoralized the Government to forbid The result is that ambitious young all in official positions from in any way people apply first of all to government supporting or furthering the Temand public institutions and if they fail perance Movement! to get in there they take the Christian and private schools as a second choice. Hara Kiri and Temperance This means that the best and brightest students, as a rule, are found in AT THE annual conference of the government and public schools while Japan Temperance League, in the Christian and other private schools ancient capital of Nara, 800 represenhave to be content with students of. tative tempe"ance workers gathered lesser ability. from practically every prefecture in the empire. There are now 2,111 tem- A Dry Villa.ge in Japan perance societies reported, an increase of 555 during the year. NOTO,a village of 3,000 population, is the first "dry" village in Japan. The sacrificial enthusiasm of the (There are now 54 dry, in whole or in workers for temperance is shown in part.) When the village school was the remarkable fact that a year ago destroyed by fire five years ago the 54 persons banded themselves tovillage was too poor to rebuild. At gether, vowing each to organize one that time the average amount spent new society during the year or else yearly by the villagers in sake was commit hara kiri before the assembled about Yen 9,000. They figured that delegates! This band was able to refive years' abstinence would build a port 85 new societies due to the efforts new school and by vote of the Village of members. The "Hara Kiri" Band Council decided to go "dry" for a five- was reorganized with 85 members this year period. That new school build- year. ing has now been paid for, and the benefit of abstinence has been so The average amount of sake manumarked that the council voted to ex- factured in the empire during the five tend the term for five years further. years 1925-29 shows a decrease of 6% Mr. Moriyama, headman of the village, per cent over the previous five years. gives statistics showing that progress There is, however, a 16 per cent per had been made in every department. capita increase over the year 1913. The total taxes on sake amount to Yen In 1925 there were in Co-op. Society 20,000,000 per year. 369 members with Yen 27,819 deposits. Crisis in Christian Education In 1930 there were in Co-op. Society 523 members with Yen 37,973 deposits. T HERE is a general feeling that all is not well with Christian educa- In 1925 there were P.O. Savings by tion in Japan. There is a growing 1,787 persons of Yen 4,797. spirit of dissatis{action with things as they are. The tendency has been In 1930 there were P.O. Savings by to leave some weakness as an inevi- 2,546 persons of Yen 9,395. table result of circumstances over which Christian educators have no Health was better. Men reported control; but today the question is beas able to do twice as much work as ing asked seriously as to whether these before. Patients in the local hospitals circumstances are not threatening the decreased steadily from 206 in 1925 to 113 in 1930. The general death

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

very raison d'etre of Christian edu- nese. Possibly they were stimulated cation. Two suggestions seem to be by Japanese of the sQ-called Man- outstanding in the minds of those churia-MongQlia party who are agitat- who have given their best thought Qn ing to extend Japan's sphere of in- the subject. One is the need of a fluence in these two regions. The drastic reduction of numbers, the Japanese authQrities apparently were Qther is a fearless PQlicy of unity. For very remiss in failing to protect the the future of Christian education the Chinese and to disbul"Se the Korean two must stand or fall together; but mobs. The police claimed to' have in- either, if carried into effect, will re- sufficient forces at hand but a few quire courageQUS action. Will the armed Japanese police might have con- churches and mission boards allQw trolled the situation. Only the lQwer such actiQn to be taken? – Japan classes of Koreans – ignorant and Ch1'istian Quarterly. easily inflamed tQQk part in the at- tacks. Whenever Japanese soldiers or A Japanese Philanthropist armed police appeared on the scene AJAPANESE layman, who is al- they had no difficulty in restoring or- ready giving a son to the church's der. ministry, is now establishing a trust fund of about $100,000 gold, the in- The Chinese are convinced that the come to be used fQr the church in the attacks were at least winked at by the Tohoku District, after the death of Japanese authorities in Qrder to crethe donor and his wife, It is an epoch- ate a situation that would justify the marking event. occupation of new districts in Man- churia. The Chinese Consul General Dr. Imaizumi, the giver, it fine in SeQul reports that attention Qf Christian gentleman and a professQr Japanese authorities was called to ruin the Imperial University at Sendai, mors of impending riots but this said simply that he felt everything he notice was ignored. The subsequent possessed he held in trust fQr GQd and occupatiQn of Mukden by Japanese His Church and that the time had troops gives additional cause for suscO'me when he must prepare to give piciQn that the military party in Japan up his stewardship. is nQt guiltless.

As a result of these cQnflicts, China Chinese in Chosen has refused Japanese cQntributi{)ns to- UNFORTUNATE attacks Qn Chi- ward relief of flood sufferers, has de- nese occured last July in several clared a boycott on Japanese goods Korean cities, and several hundred in- and has appealed to' the League of nQcent Chinese were killed or severely Nations to' investigate the Manchurian injured. Many shQPs and hQmes were situation.

alsO' burned 0'1' IOQted and hundreds of thQusands of dQllars WQrth Qf gQQds Christisns in Korea A were destrQYed. The attacks seem to' J APANESE gentleman recently told his traveling cQmpanion Qn have started in Gensan and later spread to PYengyang, Seoul and other the train that abQut half of the Korean centers. The immediate cause was peQple were Christians, While this is dQubtless the "WanpaQshan Incident" far frQm true, none can deny that the when a clash occurred Qn July 2nd Christian religiQn is a vital and in- between the KQreans and Chinese in creasingly potent factor in the lives of cQnnectiQn with the excavatiQn Qf a the Koreans. The extreme poverty, river channel. superstitiQn and ignorance of the peo- From the most authentic reports it ple, and the absence of traditional seems evident that some Japanese lQyalty to other weIl-Qrganized faiths, newspapers enlarged and misrepre- has given the Christians a peculiar sented the "incident" fQr the purpose advantage in Chosen. The tQtal num- of inflaming Koreans against the Chi- ber Qf KQrean cQmmunicants in PrQt-

estant churches is approximately 260,- world, has been helping with the kin- 000. In proportion to the population dergarten work. The public school au- that is about three times the member- thorities, offered her a salary almost ship of the churches in Japan, al- three times larger than the one she though Protestant missions have been received, if she would give up the conducted less than fifty years in mission work and accept a position in Korea and more than sixty-five years the government school. But she re- in Japan. plied, "No, I have already found my work, and am so happy in it, I would ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC not think of leaving it for any amount of salary." rrThe Bible for the Moros HE Rev. G. B. Cameron, Secretary A successful Sunday-school conven- for the Phi.lippine Islands, writes tion had as a speaker, Hon. Theodore in the Bible Society Record, of the Yangoo, one of the wealthiest men in restrictions in evangelizing Moham- the islands and who was the first resimedans: dent commissioner to represent the "Until recently some government Philippines in Washington in 1908officials adhered strictly to a policy 1910. He is a member of the Manila of noninterference with the religion Presbyterian church and a gl'eat philof the Mohammedans, and discouraged anthropist.

or frustrated any attempt of mission- aries to teach the Mohammedans about Pioneering in Dutch East Indies T Christianity. Lately, however, the HREE years ago the whole east coast of Borneo was without a misbars have been let down somewhat. A few courageous souls have been quietly sionary; nor was there any in interior carrying on among the Moros for some Borneo, with its one million popula- years, and lately three separate mis- tion, none in Bali, Lombok or Sum- sions have openly undertaken evan- bawa, the three islands east of Java gelistic work in different sections of and only one in the southwestern pen- the Moro field, with encouraging re- insula of the Celebes. Now, under the sults. Alliance Mission and the Chinese For- "Missionaries are clamoring for eign Missionary Union eight stations Moro Scriptures – in three dialects! in all are in operation. Bali, largest The mission in Sulu wants the Gos- in' population of the three islands, had pels and later the New Testament put a Dutch missionary 60 years ago, but up in such a way as to reach the three was martyred by the Balinese; and schools. This means a triglot-a sec- since then Dutch colonial authority tion on one side of the open pages has prohibited missionary work there.

in Arabic script (the sacred writing) In Lombok, the only barrier is one of for the datu class, and on the opposite language, while in Sumbawa, Moham- page, in two sections, the same ac- medanism is strongly entrenched.

count in Romanized letters and in The "Courier," a little motor launch, English." 42 feet long by 11 feet wide, the gift of Rev. Paul Rader's people in Chi- Work for Filipino Children cago, arrived at the end of last year T HE Rev. Charles N. Magill, D.D., and will prove helpful in carrying the a Presbyterian missionary at Ta- Gospel message to the interior of yaba, Philippine lslands, has been con- Borneo.

ducting services five nights a week.

Every Sunday afternoon and Tuesday NORTH AMERICA evening classes are held for fifty boys Men and Mi"8on8 Sunday N and girls between the ages of six and OVEMBER 15th marks the 25th anniversary of the founding of twelve. Miss Babista, who has been in the Laymen's Missionary Movement.

America and traveled around the By action of many mission boards, this

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

day is to be known as "Men and Mis- which the issues that lie at the center sions Sunday." of all the church's efforts were dis- cussed by notable speakers. Every minister is being asked to preach on some phase of the theme of Peace Meeting. in 150 Cities the day. "HOW may another world war be Where the order of service permits, averted?" was the theme di·s- a layman may be requested to speak on the same topic – "Men and Mis- cussed at peace mass meetings held in sions"-for five or ten minutes. 150 cities across the United States and Canada, during the week, Oct. 25-31, Men's Bible Classes are also invited under the auspices of the World Toto give time to discuss that theme. morrow. These meetings were spon- sored by a committee of 275 distin- Every religious speaker on the air guished peace leader,s. Five major that day is being requested to call topics were discussed at the meetings: men to renewed interest in the study disarmament, world organization, reof missions at home and abroad. moving causes of hostility, war resist- ance and education for peace. The An interdenominational men's meet- largest auditoriums available were ing is to be held in the Fifth Avenue reserved in the various cities and not Presbyterian church in the afternoon less than 200 outstanding peace advoat 4 o'clock, and simultaneous men's cates will speak at the meetings. meetings in other cities from coast to coast. Broadcasting Religion Warning to Girls ASTRIKING demonstration that the message of Christ may be heard T HE Welfare Council of New York, over a whole continent at once, through an organization which coordinates the radio which uses the waves of invarious social agencies, has issued a visible ether, was the inauguration of warning to young women out of work "The Church of the Air" on Sunday, to avoid New York City. The alluring September 27th, by the Columbia pictures of life in the great metropol- Broadcasting System. At 10 A. M., itan centers, drawn by fiction writers 2: 30 and 5: 00 P. M., an Episcopalian, and moving picture producers are a Roman Catholic and a Jewish rabbi false. The Welfare Council estimates spoke to the whole country, from Denthat there are 100,000 girls and un- ver, Boston and New York. married young women among the army of unemployed in New York City Disciples Cut Expenses today and calls attention to the fact that while the cost of living has gone DEFICIENCY in gifts and increased down in New York so have wages for deficit for the missionary year, girls. Long continued unemployment has led the United Christian Missionand greatly reduced wages have forced ary Society, (Disciples of Christ) to thousands of girls to lower standards vote an adjustment of $175,000 in the of living. Many girls try to save on budget. This will involve the reducrent by seeking rooms in poorer neigh- tion of salaries of officers of the soborhoods, often with' distressing re- ciety and workers in the homeland, sults and increased temptations and reduction of the headquarters staff dangers. Today it is harder than ever and economy in promotion; also large for the out~of-town girls to find work cuts in religious and missionary eduin large cities. cation, in home missions and benevo- lence; in the field of foreign missions, C!lnadian Churchmen Hold Mission- the reduction will involve the with- drawal of missionaries from Tibet and ary Congress Jamaica and most of the workers in AGREAT gathering of mini,sters and laymen of the conferences of Ontario and Quebec was held Oct. 1 and 2. It was a missionary congress, at

the Philippines–placing the burden in house, and he is the first tD be dis- the Philippines largely on the Filipino charged in time of unemployment.

Jeaders. Between 1885 and 1925 over 4,200 per- sons were lynched, or an average of Town Churches and Country Needs two per week for forty years. After T HE country church seems to many greatly reducing the number, there to be growing less important in has been a recrudescence of lynchings American religious life. Farmers and during the past year. the people of the small viIIages can now go to the larger towns and at- While the Mohammedan world is actend services in larger churches. But tually practicing racial brotherhood, and the communist world equal com- churches and ministers have some- radeship regardless of race, the United thing more to do than furnish sermons States is unwilling to give the Negro and services of worship, and very few federal protection by law against town churches project their ministry lynching, and the majority of white into the surrounding rural communi- Americans, despite years Df preaching ties. Specific data supporting these and student discussion groups, appar- general statements have been coming ently are not prepared to practice ra- to light in a survey of twa counties in cial brotherhood. There can be no Nebraska by Dr. J. R. Hargreaves. question but that we should have a He found that when a rural area has wDrld of brotherhoDd in race relations no center for its relighms life, its if the ideals of Jesus were realized.

population generally lacks the other Although we seem far from its realiza- integrating agencies that bind the tion, Christian love wiII surely make residents of a district together. So- some beginnings today in the practice cial, cultural and economic organiza- of equal brotherhood that wiII be both tion tends to evaporate with religious costly and sacrificiaL-Sherwood Ed- organization. The country and village dy.

people tend to become detached and ir- GENERAL responsible suburbanites without true fellowship in Christian activities. The World Alliance Conference Race aJ,ld Brotherhood T HE triennial meeting of the World Alliance for International Friend- H AVE we achieved even an ap- ship Through the Churches was held proach to or a working approxi- at Cambridge University, England, matiDn of real brotherhoDd in our re- Sept. 1-5. Nearly four hundred dele- lation to the non-white majority of the gates were present representing all human race? The favored white race the Protestant churches of thirty- has acquired political control of near- three nations of the world. One Ro- ly nine-tenths of the habitable globe, man Catholic priest was present as an including over half of Asia and all but "observer."

one-thirtieth of Africa. In America The delegates came from almDst our attitude to the Negro has become every country in Europe, from the notDrious throughout the world. In United States, from China and Japan all parts of the country there is dis- and from the British Dominions to crimination and, in some sections, seg- discuss such questions as disarmament, gregation in separate residential dis- national security, the rights of minori- tricts, separate schoDls, churches and ties, national and international loyal- railway coaches; with inadequate ap- ties, and the whole question of the propriations for education, and with- Christian attitude tDward world peace, out the right to vote, although that is the respDnsibility of the churches for guaranteed by the Constitution. The world peace and the Geneva confer- Negro is frequently paid less than the ence next February. These questions white man for doing the same work, occupied the minds of some of the charged more for renting the same most honored church leaders.

001S WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns win be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-TBE REVIEW.

The Northern Republics of South America linMgur.isKt eonfnmetuhcGh raubbibli,ttyh, ehaausthtorar~eilsead -Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela. ,,:ideiy through South America, espe- By Kenneth G. Grubb. 8vo. 151 pages. Cially among the Indians in the interi- 58. World Dominion Press. London or, and has rendered a timely service New York. 1931. in the production of this book.

The World Dominion Survey Series W. R. W. "attempts to describe briefly and clearly the situation in various countries from the standpoint of world evangel- Torchlights to the Cherokees: The Brainization." The countries surveyed in erd Mission. By Robert Sparks Walkthis volume are the three northern- er. 339 pp. $3.00. Macmillan. New most republics of South America. York. 1931. Though they are the nearest to us they are least often visited by travel- The author of the book was himself ers from the United States and are born twv miles from the old Brainerd less familiar than other republics far- Mission near Chickamauga, Tennessee. ther south. To meet the need for in- Under a rather fanciful title he has formation, the history of each republic given us a splendid record of the misis given in outline, as well as a sum- sion to the Cherokee Indians founded mary of geographical characteristics in 1816 and broken up when these and of prevailing conditions, economic, tribes were forced to migrate westeducativnal and religious. Heroic ward. During twenty years of its exservice is being rendered by evangeli- istence this mission, begun by the cal missionaries but they are too few, Moravians and continued by the Board and the unoccupied areas constitute a of Foreign Missions of New England, real challenge to the American church. had great success in the industrial Thus in Colombia, which has nearly social and moral uplift of the people: eight million inhabitants and is out- The author tells the amazing story of ranked in population only by Brazil how laws were passed, forbidding and Argentina, after 75 years of mis- whites to live on Cherokee lands withsionary service there are but 59 for- out license and how the mission leadeign missionaries, and 1,167 commu- ers under this law were arrested, and nicants; Venezuela, with a population served two years imprisonment. It is of 3,000,000, has 102 evangelical mis- a page from what Helen Hunt Jackson sionaries, with 2,310 communicant has truly called "A century of dishonmembers; Ecuador, with a population or." The account is well documented of nearly 2,000,000, has 41 foreign and the details of the life among the Indians are fascinating.

missionaries and only 290 communi- .T~e brl;ltal treatment received by the cant members. The Survey editor mlSSlonarles at the hands of the state ofwrites in the Foreword: ficials who pretended to be Christians is one of the blackest stains on the charac- A total of somewhat less than four ter of the white race in North America. th~usand communicants among a popu- The thread of the plot to drive the mislatIOn of twelve and a half million points sionaries from the State of Georgia exto the need for far wider evangelism in tended from the officials of that state into these lands in order to create an indig- the office of the Chief Executive of the enous church capable of itself carrying United States at Washington. on the work of further evangelization. S. M. Z.

877

The quakers as Pioneers in Social Work. Christ of the Burma Road. By V. W. By Dr. Auguste Jorns. Translated by Dyer. 12mo. 157 pp. American Bap- Thomas Kite Brown, Jr. 269 pp. $2. tist Mission Press. Rangoon. 1931.

Macmillan. New York. One of the most fascinating and en- couraging stories of modern missions Quakers are one of the smallest of is the story of how Burmese Chrisreligious bodies, but they have an in- tian students have gone out in groups ftuenceout of all proportion to their week by week to evangelize and awaknumbers. They average high in intel- en their own countrymen, and have ligence, character and humanitarian crossed over into Siam and Burma on spirit. This volume presents in read- the same mission. The methods have able form an outline of the Quaker been remarkable-as we have alreadY Movement and the contribution that recorded in these pages. Mr. Dye;, Quakers have made to poor relief, one Qf the missionary leaders of these education, temperance, public health, groups, tells the story in this small prison reform and the abolition of slavery. It is an impressive array of facts and it gives the reader a deeper volume. He explains the aim, the appreciation of the philanthropic serv- methods and the outcome. Missionaries ice that has been rendered by this in other lands and Christians in Amer- group of Christians who, as we are ica and England will find here many told, "seem in these latter days to be valuable suggestions for similar work.

called for the strengthening of the world's sense of social responsibility." To the Ends of the World and Back. By J. Walker McSpadden. Illustrated. A. J. B.

Will America Become Catholic. By John 8vo. 378 pp. $3.00. Crowell. New F. Moore. 8VQ. 252 pp. Harper and York. 1931. Bros. 1931. The "Ends of the Earth Club" is Naturally the aim of the Papacy is growing in numbers. Some qualify as to make America "Catholic." The explorers or scientists, as government church and its leaders would not be employees or missionarie&, but more true to their convictions otherwise. travelers today go to the ends of the Mr. Moore, who was for some years a earth on pleasure bound. Mr. McSpad- Y. M. C. A. secretary and who has den describes adventures met in scoutgiven much time to research on the ing for the American Museum of subject of Roman Catholicism in Natural History in New York. The America, here describes the plans, experiences are not the author's per- methods and outreach of the church sonal adventures but, while without in America. The program is as clear literary merit, are varied and many and definite and energetic as the Com- are thrilling. They are interviews munist propaganda-and much better with scientists who have gone out organized. This interesting and fact- hunting for the Dinosaur in Wyoming, ual study includes such topics as Cele- have followed the trail of primitive brate Clergy, Birth Control, Mixed man in Central Asia, have fished for Marriages, the Color Bar and the In- sharks in the Gulf of Mexico. They fluence of the Church. The author has include adventures with head hunters endeavored to be fair, unprejudicial in South America, hobnobbing with and true to facts. He is convinced that pygmies on the Congo; hunting with there is little danger of America be- gun and camera in Madagascar and coming Roman Catholic-the temper tracking strange beasts in Australia. of the people is too liberal, too enlight- The author is appa~ently interested ened, too independent to permit the only in animals and in the physical life great mass of Americans to become of man-not in his social, intellectual subjects to the Pope. and spiritual welfare.

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God's World. Cornelius H. Patton. 297 Leadership of the Constructive Forces of pp. $2. Smith. New York. the World. J. R. Mott. 30 pp. 28. Ox- ford Press. London. The Little Bible-Selections for School and Home with an Appendix for Report of the Commission on Christian Teachers and Parents. Foreword by Higher Education in India. 388 pp. $2. William Lyon Phelps. 468 pp. Oxford Oxford University Press. New York. University Press. London. 1931. Christian Education in the Villages of In- Miraculous Healing. Henry W. Frost. dia. A. V. Van Doren. 115 pp. R8. 2. 174 pp. $1.50. Smith. New York. Association Press. Calcutta.

Nestorian Missionary Enterprise. John Fifty Years Against the Stream. The story Stewart. 352 pp. Rs. 4. Christian of a School in Kashmir, 1880-1930. E. Literature Society. Madras. 1928. D. Tyndale-Biscoe. 96 pp. 58. Church Missionary Society. London. The Negro Year Book. Edited by Monroe N. Work. 544 pp. $2. Tuskegee In- The Remaking of Man in Africa. J. H. stitute. Tuskegee, Ala. Oldham and B. D. Gibson. 184 pp. 28. 6d. Oxford University Press. London. The Pacific. Stanley Rogers. Illus. by the Author. 254 pp. $2.75. Crowell. The Dawn Wind. A Picture of Changing New York. Conditions among Women in Africa and the East. Olive Wyon. 155 pp. Petty and Paul. Edward Hessey. 94 pp. 28. 6d. Student Christian Movement. Is. Pickering & Inglis. London. London.

Charles Lewis Slattery. Howard Chandler Buddhism in India, Ceylon, China and Robbins. 400 pp. $2.50. Harper. New Japan. A Reading Guide. Clarence York. H. Hamilton. 107 pp. University Press. Chicago. Torchlights to the Cherokee&–The Brain- erd Mission. R{)bert Sparks Walker. An Introduction to the Sociology of Islam.

340 pp. $3. Macmillan. New York. Vol. 1. Reuben Levy. 21s. Williams & Twixt Altar and Plough. L. A. Barter- Norgate. London.

Snow. 320 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Jewish View of Jesus. An Introduction Inglis. London. and an Appreciation. Thomas Walker.

For Times of Crisis. Ilion T. Jones. 110 142 pp. 48. 6d. Allen & Unwin. Lon- pp. $1.25. Presbyterian Board of don.

Christian Education. Phila. The Finality of Christ. S. B. John. 291 Repol·t of the Commission on Enquiry Into pp. 58. Kingsgate Press. London.

the Control of Opium-Smoking in the youth in a Believing World. Studies in Far East. Vol. II. 500 pp. $1.50. Living Religions. John C. Archer. 176 World Peace Foundation. Boston. pp. $1. Westminster Press. Phila- delphia. India. Statement Exhibiting the Moral and Material Progress and Condition of India, 1929-1930. 58. H. M. Sta- PERSONALS tionery Office. London. (Continued from Second Cover.) The SOClai Settlement as an Educational Factor in India. Clifford Manshardt. DR. JOHN MACNEILL, President of the Illus. 87 pp. Re. 1 and Re. 1.8. Ass{)- WorId Alliance, is making an extended ciation Press. Calcutta. tour in the interests of the Alliance. The Baptists in Burma. Randolph L. Howard. tour includes Japan, China, India and the 168 pp. $1. Judson Press. Philadelphia. Holy Land.

Mustapha Kemal of Turkey. H. E. Wor- *** tham. Portrait. Map. Bibliog. 216 pp. TIlE REV. GEORGE L. FORD, Executive 58. Holme Press. London. Secretary of Federated Churches in Tribal Studies in Northern Nigeria. Vol. Youngstown, 0., has been elected Presi- dent of the Association of Executive Sec- I. C. K. Meek. 582 pp. 258. Kegan retaries of Councils of Churches, State Paul. London. and Local: He also becomes a represent- Zanzibar. Its History and Its People. W. ative of the Association on the Admin- H. Ingrams. Illus. 527 pp. 258 With- istrative Committee of the Federal Counerby. London. cil.

DR. W. W. PETER, pioneer promotor of in British and Spanish Honduras, the lathealth campaigns in China under the Y. ter being especially arduous as it meant M. C. A., has returned to China, at the constant journeys to the bay islands of invitation of the public health section of the Caribbeans. He was a victim of the the Ministry of the Interior, to advise in recent hurricane in British Honduras. the setting up of permanent machinery for the carrying on of health campaigns. * .. ..

*** MISS JOSEPHINE MARTIN, a missionary of the United Presbyterian Church at PROF. C. H. ROBERTSON, also a former Pathankot, Punjab, India, died Septem- "Y" secretary, has recently been re- ber 10th, while on furlough in America. quested by Dr. H. H. Kung, Minister of Industry, to join his staff. .. . .. Miss Martin was superintendent of a '" * • girls' high school at Pathankot for many years. DR. CARVER has been invited by Soviet Russia to organize a group of Negro MR. PAUL A. SORNBERGER, a missionary specialists, who have the theoretical and of the American Baptist Board, died repractical training in the production of cently. With Mrs. Sornberger, he was cotton, to visit Russia and demonstrate appointed to the Philippines in 1929, and the best method of agricultural produc- designated to the Central Philippine Coltion and exploitation. Though Dr. Car- lege at Iloilo, P. I., where he was teachver is a Negro, his fame as an agricul- ing Christianity by precept and example. turist is well known among the leaders of the Soviet states. By industry and ex- * .. .. ample he is teaching the young Negro to work, study, save and serve, and if for- THE REV. WM. B. BEAUCHAMP, D.D., tune comes, to take it with sobriety and Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal humility. The outcome of the Soviet's Church, South, died at Richmond, Virinvitation will be watched with interest. ginia, on June 28, 1931, at the age of sixty-two. He was president of the OBITUARY Board of Missions of his church and was a delegate to the World Missionary Con- BISHOP ISAIAH B. SCOTT, retired mis- ference in Edinburgh in 1910, and to sionary of the Methodist Episcopal the Jerusalem Conference in 1928. Church, died on July 6th in Nashville, Tenn. He was a leader among the col- *** ored members of the church and as pastor, professor, college president, editor of THE REV. WILLIAM MITCHELL PADEN, the Southwestern Chr1Btian Advocate and D.D., died in Salt Lake City, Utah, Qn bishop gave years of effective service. September 16th, after a brief illness. For He was elected to the episcopacy in 1904 thirty-four years Dr. Paden was identiand was assigned to Africa where he fied with work in the Mormon area and labored until his retirement in 1916. in recent years was considered the great- est Protestant authority on Mormonism. *** .. * * MR. GEORGE BRAITHWAITE, of Tokyo, Secretary of the Japan Book and Tract CHARLES GEORGE SPARHAM, a great Society, died on June 18th. He helped to missionary in China for forty-four years, produce the first copy of the Old Testa- who retired from his work there died in ment in Japanese in 1888, and subse- London in September. He was the sonquently helped in the production of the in-law of Dr. Griffith John of Hankow. Japanese New Testament in Roman He was called to leadership in the L. M. characters. His son, G. B. Braithwaite, S. and in his later years was secretary is acting secretary for the present. of the committee coordinating the whole of the L. M. S. operations in China. •** ** MRS. H. W. HARVEY, one of the victims of the hurricane in British Honduras, DR. JUDSON B. HILL, rounding out to went out to Central America with her a day 50 years of distinguished service husband for the Wesleyan Methodist Mis- as president of the Normal and Indussionary Society immediately after their trial college at Morristown, Tenn., died marriage in 1907. September 15th at Battle Creek, Mich. In 1881 Dr. Hill, as a young Methodist *** minister, became head of a pioneer mis- sion school for Negroes at Morristown, THE REV. A. E. SYLVESTER FOWLER, and found himself misunderstood and osworked during the past eleven years both tracized, as he began his work in a dilapi- dated building formerly used as a slave market. Those who fought him, however, ultimately lauded him.

The Missionary Review of the World — October 1931

by H. n. Ferge,'

PEkSONALS DR. F. J. SCRIMGEOUR, for a long period before the Great War in charge of the Edinburgh Mission Hospital in Nazareth, has resumed medical work and is giving voluntary service in Morocco, at the Tul- loch Memorial Hospital in Tangier.

REV. W. T. MIT'"CHE*LL*, of the American Yon Presbyterian Mission, North India, has want to give….. but you retired after a service of 35 years, re- must have an cently as director of the Mainpuri High In.:ome; School. That post is now being filled by you can give and your inan Indian Christian. come will be continued for *•* Life KRU SENG SAA CHAIRA'l'T and his wife al'e the first misaionaries to be sent out For full informatioll write Erne.t F. Hall~ Secretary by the Siamese churches. They are carrying on work at Karat, in East Siam. Dept. C 01 Ann"iti•• *** BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS DR. YOSHIMUNE ABE, Dean of the Boys' of tbe Pre.byleriu Church, U. S. A.

School, Aoyama Gakuin, Japan, has been 156 Fifth Avenue. New York elected Dean of the Theological Seminary Those in the same institution, succeeding Dr. Reinves'men's .. .. . Arthur D. Berry. How They Trouble Me DR. GEORGE B. CUTTEN, President of I am not sure of the stocks and bonds Colgate University, was elected President that are offered.

of the National Council of the Y. M. C. Mortgages may have to be foreclosed. A. for the ensuing' year. Banks are uncertain these days.

** * What Shall I 00'1 DR. THOMAS JESSE JONES, Director of Invest in Annuity Agreements of the the Phelps-Stoke Fund, and leader of Methodist Mission Boards.

two former Commissions for the study of They are absolutely secure. Your income will be regular. educational facilities and methods in Reinvestment troubles will cease. Africa, has again spent a few months in For further information W1ite to: that country as a Carnegie visiting lecturer. W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer, Board of Home * '" * Missions and Church Extension of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Street, DR. J. H. RUSHBROOKE, General Secre- Philadelphia, Pa., or MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board of tary of the Baptist World Alliance, has Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal accepted invitations to visit Australia Church, Room 500,150 Fifth Ave., New York.

and New Zealand next year. Arrangements are being made for him to preach and speak in the chief centers Df popuJ.a- tion in Australia. He will tour New Zealand and attend the Jubilee Assembly of the New Zealand Baptist Union it Christchurch.

** * MR. ERNEST F. NEVE, M.D., C.M., F.R.G.S., a missionary of the Church Missionary Society at Srinagar, Kashmir, has been elected a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons. Dr. Neve went to Kashmir in 1886, and has built up a wonderful work there, the hospital undpr his charge having 150 beds, with an average of 2,160 in-patients, and 48,000 visits of out-patients per annum. In addition to this thElre is a large leper hospital supervised by Dr. Neve, but fi- nanced by the Kashmir State.

MRS. RWHARD'" '" * the youngest HUMBLE, daughter of the late Dr. James Stewart, of Lovedale recently made a successful flight from Cape Town to England. She and her husband started off from Cape Town in a De Havilland Puss Moth and , (Concluded on page 723.) PIQRSe mention THE :r..hSSIONARY REVIEW OF THE VoRr..D in writing to advertisers. MISSIONARY COMING EVENTS REVIEW OF THE WORLD October 6-11-INTERNATIONAL CONVEN- TION 6F DISCIPLES OF CHRIST, Wich- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor ita, Kan.

CONTENTS-October, 1931 October 14-15-MEETING OF FRIENDS OF THE LE:PERS. American Mission to Lepers. Fifth Ave. Presbyterian Church, New York.

SPECIAL FOREIGN MISSION NUMBER November 10-12-ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WORLD ALLIANCE FOR INTERNA· Puor. TIONAL FRIENDSHIP THROUGH THE 11'RONTISPIECE-Scelll's in Rural India CHURCHES, TOGETHER WITH THE INTERNATIONAL GOODWILL CONGRESS, POVER'l'Y AND 'leUE GOSPEL ……. . Chicago .

••..•••• • ARTHUR CLINTON BOGGESS 725 November 15 – AN INTli:RDENOMINA- TIONAL MEETING OF MEN TO COM- HELPIKG KOREANS OUT 01" POVEWl'Y MEMORATE THE TWENTY-FIFTH AN- ……………. FRANCIS O. CLARK 736 NIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDING OF THE LAYMEN'S MISSIONARY MOVEMENT. TOURING 'leIIE VILLAGES OF NYASA- Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church, LAND ….•. ;IR8. T. CULLEN YOUNG 740 New York.

A FARMER MISSIONARY ON FUR· November 29-December 1-UNITED STEW- LOUGH •…….. BRAYTON C. CASE 747 ARDSHIP COUNCIL, Philadelphia, Pa.

WHY HASHIMOTO·S.4N SIGNED THE December 2-4-FEDERAL COUNCIL OF PAPER …….•…… E. M. CLARK 751 CHURCHES, ANNUAL MEETING OF' EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, Philadelphia, ARE MISSION BOARDS-NONCONDUC- Pa, TORS? ……… PAUl. W. HARRISON 756 December 30-January 3, 1932-STUDENT 'l'OPICS O~' 'i'HE 'i'IMES …………. 762 VOLUNTEER CONVENTION, Buffalo, New York. '!'HE L.-'YMEN'S If'oREION MISSIONARY INQUIRY THE STORY OF AGRICULTURAL CHINA'S CA'.rASTROPHE }{EMEMBER THE ~I1SSIONAR[ES BONDAGE AND FREEDOM HAS PROHIBITION )jlAILED?

METHODS FOR WORKERS ..•.•• EDITED By MRS. F. I. JOHNSON 768 WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MIS- SION BULLETIN ………..•••.. 77:; WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ••……•… 780 MISSIONS BOOKS WORTH READING …..•….• 797 TERMS.-$2.50 .. year. ($2.00 in clubs or By Benjamin H. Huuuicutt of the ~chool of Agriculture, Lavras, Brazil five.) Foreign postage, M cents. Single copies, and William Watkins Reid 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1931, bT M,SS,ONARY REVIIlW PUBLISHING COM- of the Staff of the Methodist Episcopal Board PANY, INC. All rights reserved. of Foreign Missions 1'HE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING H ERE is the first full story of one of the most COMPANY, INC. interesting developments in Christian mis- sions. Mr. Hunnicutt is one of the really great ROBERT E. SPJDIIH, Pre81dent agricultural missionaries, an ex-newspaper man, WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-Pre.ident publicist and author of many important maga- zine articles, pamphlets and b,?oks. As founder, DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary he has been active from the beginning in the WALTER McDOUGALL, Trea8urer work of the International A5Sociation of Agri- cultural Missions. In this volume these two Publication Omce, 3d & ReilT Sts., Harrisburg, men have united their knowledge and skiII to Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. produce a book of interest and importance.

Editorial and Business Omce, 156 Fifth Avenue, $1.00 New York City MISSIONARY EDUCATION Entered as second-class matter at the Post MOVEMENT O:ftlee, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. 150 Fifth Avenue New York Please mention THm MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE VoaLn In writing to advertisers. PERSONALS NEW BOOKS (Concluded from page 721.) The Preaching Value of Missions. Helen Barrett Montgomery. 166 pp. $1. flew via Johannesburg, Bulawayo, Chin- Judson Press. Philadelphia. sali, Nairobi and down the Nile to Egypt. From there they made a short flight to The Frontier Peoples of India-A Mis- Jerusalem and back, then continued over sionary Survey. Alexander McLeish. Tripoli, across the Mediterranean to 202 pp. 5s. World Dominion Press. Italy, Rome, Paris, London, and Ren~ London. frew. Their actual flying time was 107 hours. It took Dr. Stewart a much long- The Makin'g of Modern Missions. Stacy er time, entailing much more arduous R. Warburton. 200 pn. $1.50. Revell. travelling to cover much less mileage in New York. Airica, when he explored Lake Nyasa, and later pioneered the mission to the To the Ends of the Earth and Back. J. Kibwezi in Kenya, transferred after the Walker McSpadden. 862 pp. $3. Crowrailway was constructed to Kikuyu. ell. New York.

*** We Are Alaskans. Mary Lee Davis. 335 pp. $3.50. Wilde. Boston.

OBITUARY NOTES Within the Four Seas. Paul Richard Ab- bott. $3.50. Stechert. New York. MISS HELEN TETLOW, died August 21st at Kuling, China, where she was on vaca- The Pacific. Stanley Rogers. Illus. by tion from her missionary work for the the author. 254 pp. $2.75. Crowell. Episcopal Church at Karazawa, Japan. New York.

" " DR. CAROLINE A. MAC"DONALD, of Can- The Dawn of Literature. Carl Holliday. 366 pp. $8.50. Crowell. New York. ada, and Japan, died·at London, Ontario, July 18th. Dr. MacDonald went to Japan Christians and lews–Report of the Confor the Y. W; C. A. in 1904, but since ference on the Christian Approach to 1913 had devoted her time almost wholly the Jew. Atlantic City, 1931. 155 pp. to prison and settlement work. She was International Missionary Council. New an elder in the Japanese Presbyterian York.

.. .. . Church of Tokyo. Japan Mission Year Book-1931. Edited by Luman J. Shafer. 450 pp. Yen 2.50. MIss CATHERINE BENNETT, who served Kyo Bun Kwan. Tokyo. in the Protestant Episcopal mission hospital in China and the Philippine Islands Bible Characters in the Koran. John the past eight years, died in St. John's Walker. 136 pp. 68, 6d. Alexander Hospital, Brooklyn, on July 14th. Gardner. Paisley, England.

*** WUl America Become Catholic. John T. Moore. 252 pp. $2. Harpers. New MR. CHARLES T. STUDD, founder of the York. Heart of Airica Mission, died at Ibamhi. Belgian Congo, July 16th, at the age of The Shepherd's Darling. Brenda. 224 pp. seventy-one. Mr. Studd was one of 28. Pickering & Inglis. London. three brothers who devoted their lives and money to relig:ious work. Only Us Three. E. A. Bland. 190 pp. 28. Pickering & Inglis. London. * * .. The Lord's Day or the Sabbath-A Reply REV. C. G. SPARHAM, a missionary of to the Seventh Day Adventists. Northe L. M. S. in China for forty-five years, man C. Deck. 156 pp. 3s. Pickering died July.30th, in London. Since his re- & Inglis. London. tirement in 1929 he had organized a Forward Movement of the Religious The Steep Ascent—–Report of the China Tract Society of England. Inland Mission, 1931. 48 pp. London.

*** Annual Report-Women's Missionary So- oiety of the United Presbyterian Church. LARS OLAF JONATHAN SODElRBLOM, Lu- 912 pp. Women's Missionary Magatheran Archbishop of Sweden, died on zine. Xenia, Ohio. July 12th. He was regarded a central figure in ecumenical Protestantism, due Annual Report-American Bible Society. not only to his scholarship but to his 1931. 384 pp. New York. leadership in two great movements–that of making the churches a mightier force Annual Report-Board of Foreign Misfor world peace; and that of binding all sions, Reformed Church in Am., 1931. churches into effective unity. To him 12B pp. New York. was largely due the success of the Universal Christian Conference on Life and Annual Report-American Tract Society, W{)rk, held at Stockholm in 1925. His 1931. 44 pp. New York. contribution to world peace was signified by his being awarded the Nobel Peace Annual Report-The Missionary Conven- Prize in 1930, in reality a tribute to the tion of the Cumberland Presbyterian Christian Church. Church, 1931. 175 pp. Evansville, Ind.

Plense mention Tom MISSIONARY RUVIEW OF TOB WORLD In wrltlnJ: to advertisers. SCENES IN AN INDIAN VILLAGE COURTYAItD AN INDIAN CHILD BRIDE -TO-BE ON HER WAY TO HER NEW HOME SCENES IN RURAL INDIA

LIV, No. 10 October

THE MISSIONARY {ohf e POVERTY AND THE GOSPEL BY ARTHUR CLINTON BOGGESS, PH.D., Berea, Ohio Department 01 .ilIi8/Sions.. Baldwin-1Vallacc Conege nA LMOST every Christian land of reasoning is applicable to other has a higher standard of liv- countries. ing than places outside of Child marriage hinders the eco- Christendom. Extreme poverty is nomic development of India. The the exception in Christian coun- first of the hundreds of babies that tries: it is the rule in non-Chris- I saw in India was a very tiny bit tian lands. The term is frequently of humanity, lying in the lap of used in Christian lands to denote Mrs. Lee in the Lee Memorial Or- an absence of luxury. Much of the phanage in Calcutta. This orphanpoverty in non~Christian lands is age receives not only orphans but so extreme, often so abysmal, that also friendless children whose par- the word acquires a new meaning. ents are living.

It is doubtful whether the average "Do you expect this child to economic condition in the most fav- live?" I asked Mrs. Lee.

ored non-Christian land is as high "It is doubtful," she replied. "Its as that in the least-favored Chris- mother is only twelve years old and tian land. you can't expect much in such The above statements give rise cases."

to questions that do not answer That was my first day in India.

themselves. What is the connec- While twelve-year-old mothers are tion between Christianity and not in the majority in India they economic life? After studying Eco- are pathetically common. The nomics for more than a quarter of presence of this custom does not a century, teaching the subject for obtrude itself upon the casual trav- over twenty years; after more eler or even on the permanent resi- than five years of residence in dent, especially upon foreign men.

India; after visiting more than The chief reason for the misin- once Canada, Mexico, Japan, China, formation in regard to the youth of and the Straits Settlements; after wives and mothers is probably the visiting forty-two of the states of purdah system – the seclusion of the United States and eleven Euro- women. High class Hindu and pean countries, I venture to give a Mohammedan women never see any partial answer to these questions. men who are not their near rela- Illustrations will be drawn from tives. They never see their pro- conditions in India, but the method spective husbands until the wed- 725

ding ceremony. The Indian women at twelve years and later raised seen by a Christian male traveler to fourteen years, but it is practi- or resident in India are Christians, caIIy impossible to know what goes outcastes, or women members of on behind the walls of the women's various reform sects. The real au- quarters in an Indian household.

thorities on the subject are women A woman policeman cannot be missionaries and physicians, espe- furnished for each household. The cially those who have been con- United States cannot claim that verted from either Hinduism or there is no theft, murder, drinking Mohammedanism after reaching of intoxicants, fraud, or profanity maturity. because all of these are illegal.

The worst effects of child mar- Candidates for collegiate degrees riage cannot be described here. in India are given their final exam- Such a description is prevented by inations by the Government and the accepted canons of good taste are placed in the first, second, or and by the laws against printing third division, respectively, accord- obscene matter. The most terrible ing to the quality of their work.

bit of printed matter I have ever At a meeting of the Hindu Mar- seen is a copy of a petition sent to riage Reform League held in Luck- the Viceroy .of India by fifty-five now, I heard the Mohammedan women physicians practicing in Headmaster of one of the High India asking that the cohabitation Schools of that city say: "I have of husband and wife be forbidden made it my business to investigate until the wife is fourteen years of the matter during the last seven age. The memorial consisted years and during that time not one 'largely of a statement of the actual married man has passed in the first facts of cases treated by these division." No comment is neces- physicians in which the wives who sary.

were patients were from seven to It would be easy to dismiss the twelve years of age. In the most question of the evils of child mar- fortunate cases death was almost riage by saying that maturity immediate. The less fortunate comes earlier in the tropics than in cases suffered much worse than high latitudes. This is neither death. It is difficult for one who Christian nor accurate. Parents reads this memorial and who knows of twelve are not mature either that similar cases are treated to- physically or mentally. Full growth day to write with becoming reserve is not attained much earlier in the when arm-chair writers and speak- tropics than elsewhere. Nor is any ers assert ignorantly that child known system of education able to marriage is no longer practiced. produce by the twelfth or thir- Missionaries have no need to de- teenth year such knowledge as will part from the truth in order to qualify one to train. children. An produce horrible pictures. Actual Indian mother says that she well conditions are far too hideous to remembers her mother calling her need any lurid enlargement. from play to allow her (the playing As the result of the memorial child's) baby to nurse.

presented by the women physicians Extreme youth of parents results to the Viceroy (or at least subse- in economic inefficiency in both quent to its presentation) the age parents and offspring. Such par- of lawful cohabitation was fixed ents are almost inevitably poorly

POVERTY AND THE GOSPEL

educated and weakened in phy- which is noted for the beauty and sique. The offspring are less virile number of its trees and parks. than those of mai.ure parents. Any The lady of the house was sitting stockraiser knows better than to on a bed and when the husband, who spoke English and acted as interpreter, was asked what his wife did all day he replied: "She sits here." She could not work, be- cause it would be considred unbe- coming to one of her rank. She could not go calling because she was in strict seclusion. Servants cooked, swept, made the beds, helped their mistress dress, even brought her a drink of water or A CHILD WIFE IN INDIA breed his stock at the earliest possible moment. Mankind will degenerate physically and mentally from too early mating.

The Purdah System A MOSLEM SCHOOLGIRL IN A uBURKA"

The seclusion of women has a her jewels. The woman was illitervery injurious effect upon economic ate and her life was devoid of inlife. My wife went with one of my tellectuality. The husband had Mohammedan students to call on brought his wife from their counhis wife. The family was wealthy and the woman was beautifully and expensively dressed but the courtyard of the women's quarters was devoid of grass and had only a few small trees. This was in Lucknow

try home to their city house in a tuberculosis thrives. Women whose closely curtained automobile. purdah is not of the strictest type "Didn't you let her pull back the leave their homes from time to time curtains and look at the country shrouded in a sheath of cloth that when you were not in sight of any resembles a great meal sack with one?" the bottom resting on their heads, "Oh! no. Never." the opening near the ground, and "Does she ever go calling?" only two small openings for the "No. If she ever left her wom- eyes. When such a woman coughs en's quarters except when abso- she coughs inside the garment, and lutely secure against either seeing the filth of not a few of them shows or being seen by a man, her own that they are rarely washed.

parents would kill her because of The picture is bad enough, yet it the disgrace to the family." is far from complete. To the lack Imagine such a wife for a college of exercise and frequent lack of student studying law! It is no fresh air and sunlight must be wonder that it is a breach of eti- added also the undernourishment quette to speak to a Hindu or a Mo- caused by abject poverty, the reck- hammedan about his wife. Most less childbearing usually begun at of the college graduates who pro- an unhygienically early age, the fess those faiths have wives who abundant time to muse over one's are absolutely illiterate and an il- ills; the utter lack of knowledge of literate woman who lives in strict the laws of health; and in the ma- seclusion is not to be compared in jority of cases the impossibility of intellectual development to an illit- being cared for by a competent erate person who does not live in physician. Even a competent phy- seclusion. I remember with what sician is sometimes hampered in surprise I learned that an Illinois his work by the ignorance or bru- man of my acquaintance could not tality of relatives of the patient.

read. He was nevertheless well- Neither the word brutality nor the informed and a good thinker. word bestiality expresses what I Women in seclusion, who are illit- mean. They positively slander the erate, are neither well-informed brutes and beasts, as will be evi- nor good thinkers. dent from the following incident The purdah system has also bad related to me by an eminent Eng- effects on the health of the women. lish physician. An Indian woman I was once riding with the capable was brought to the hospital suffer- English physician who had charge ing from tuberculosis in an ad- of one of the chief hospitals of vanced stage. The physician rec- Lucknow, when our conversation ommended that she be placed in turned to questions of civic health. the general ward and not in a He told me that he believed that family ward. The former meant one-third of the population of that that she and her husband could great city would die from tuber- never be together without the pres- culosis. The seclusion of women is ence of others in the room. The not the only reason for this awful latter meant that they could be in condition, but it is a chief reason. a room alone. Although the phy- Some of the women literally spend sician gave conclusive reasons why their lives in quarters so small, so this course should be followed, the dark, and so poorly ventilated that husband absolutely refused to ac-

POVERTY AND THE GOSPEL

cept any arrangement except that purdah. There would be no womof the family ward. en at any public gatherings; no women teachers, except those in It is impossible for one who has purdah schools; no women in businot lived with the purdah system ness; no women visible when one to understand its far-reaching con- man visited another in his home, sequences. The Lieutenant-Gov- no matter how long the visit might ernor of the United Provinces of be; no womell at funerals; no Agra and Oudh held a reception for women at picnics, parties, summer the great landowners. The Lieu- excursions. Women would be in tenant-Governor ranks next to the their own quarters in their own Viceroy and his wife helped him homes and would see there no men receive. One landowner's wife was except their very near relatives. present because only one landowner COOKING A MEAL IN AN OUTDOOR KITCHEN IN INDIA was a Christian. Mohammedan and A purdah woman cannot appear in Hindu women must remain in se- court, her depositions must be clusion. taken by women only, usually Christian women are granted ac- One of my well-educated Indian cess to the women's quarters for friends who visited the United this purpose. States, said to me upon his return that what most impressed him in One morning I was at the office America was "the women." He of a Christian physician in Luckhad for the first time seen women now when the covered palanquin of preside over large assemblies, run a purdah woman, borne by several business houses of various types coolies, was set down in the yard and sizes, meet men on an equality at a distance of several yards from in a myriad phases of life. It was the office door. The doctor exama marvel to him. One grows weary ined the patient as follows: Doctrying to imagine what our country tor (shouting from the office would lose if our women were in door) :

"Are you constipated?" an American man finds his wife, Patient (totally concealed in her his mother, or even his daughter, palanquin): "Yes" (or "No," as a valued counsellor in business the case may be). matters. Many American widows Doctor: "Have you diarrhea?" support their families. Many Patient: "Yes" (or "No," as the American women support by their case may be). earnings their aged parents. Such Doctor: "Have you fever?" things are impossible in lands Patient: "Yes" (or "No," as the where the seclusion of women is case may be). practiced. It is also true that the This meager diagnosis com- ill-health caused by the system is pleted, the doctor wrote out a pre- cumulative. Children of weak parscription and handed it to a serv- ents are themselves weak. ant of the patient. Two typical illustrations of the The Caste System strictness of the purdah system may be given. A Mohammedan The caste system prevents the woman had been in hard labor in helpful economic development of a childbirth for many hours. A country that is bound by it. Christian man physician, who was the only ph y sic ian available, Guests were expected at my pleaded with the husband to be al- home in Lucknow and as there was lowed to relieve the woman of her no running water on the second fearful suffering and, if possible, floor I asked the Hindu gardener to save her life. The husband re- to carry some water to that floor. fused and the wife died in agony. Indian servants are usually very At another time a devastating obedient to American and British flood visited an Indian city. The employers, but the old gardener, substantial and roomy high school though polite and respectful, debuilding was opened for refugees clined to carry the water. He told whose mud houses had collapsed me that he was of the gardener and, in many cases, had been sub- caste and that he could carry water merged. One man whose family for the plants, but not for laundry, was in momentary danger of bathing, face-washing, or other drowning asked that a room be re- personal uses. If he did so, he served in the high school building would be outcaste and none of his for his purdah women. The school caste members would have anyauthorities declined, because to thing to do with him. Having no have granted the request would caste rules to break and having at have endangered more lives than hand no servant whose caste duty would have been saved. The en- it was to carry the water for me, dangered purdah women were not I carried it myself. Such caste brought to the school building. rules are foolish, but that does not The large majority of non-Chris- change their economic effect so tian women in India keep strict long as they are observed. purdah and they are effectively precluded from almost all wage- As is well known, a man of one earning occupations. It is almost caste can neither eat with a person impossible for such women to have of a lower caste nor can he eat any knowledge of business. Many what has been cooked by one of a lower caste. It follows that no two men of different castes can eat together. All hotels must have

POVERTY AND THE GOSPEL

Brahman cooks. Very careful curs when a father and mother and caste men do all of their own cook- their married sons and their faming when away from home. The ilies live together. The difficulty students in a dormitory for Hindu comes in knowing just when and men have as many cooking places how the family should divide when as castes and no student must enter the father and mother have died. the cooking place of any caste but Some joint families are very large. his own. Such are the ravages of disease Marriage must also be within and so short is the average span of one's own caste unless the party of life in India that the head of a the higher caste is willing to de- large joint family is sometimes less scend to the lower caste. Even than thirty years of age. It is to then the relatives of the degraded be remembered, however, that an party would be likely to become Indian woman may be a grandoutcastes. This restriction on mar- mother at twenty-five years of age. riage would not be severe if there This system frequently makes an were only a few castes with many able man assume the roles assumed persons in each. Castes are very in America or England by an. numerous and in not a few cases it old-folks' home, an orphanage, a becomes difficult to find a suitable partner. It is somewhat as if a poorhouse, a home for the feeblered-haired woman must invariably minded, a hospital, and even an marry a red-haired man or a cross- insane asylum. It also seriously eyed person must marry a cross- interferes with what we would reeyed person. gard as a normal movement of labor from place to place. It is our custom to promote what economists call the mobility of Belief in Transmigration labor. An oversupply of workmen Hindu belief in the transmigra- in one occupation is relieved by tion of souls has pronounced and some of them changing to some unexpected consequences. No or- other occupation. Such a method thodox believer in transmigration of relief is not open to the caste will kill an animal because to do so man. A leather worker is always would be the equivalent of commit- a leather worker. A laundryman ting murder. No one can tell whose is always a laundryman. When soul may be incarnated in a rat, a electric fans were introduced into snake, or any other animal merely India the caste whose work it had waiting for death, from natural been to pull the big punkas or fans causes, before that animal will in the houses was out of work. again be born in human form.

Their condition was serious. Bubonic plague is endemic in In- Perhaps the most serious eco- dia. Plague does not thrive where nomic consequence of the caste sys- there are no rats. San Francisco tem is the immobility of labor stamped out the disease by actually which it produces. A minor eco- starving the rats. Rats are numer- nomic consequence is the waste ous in India because of the belief that results from the extremely in transmigration and therefore large number of cooks that the sys- plague flourishes. DUring one of tem requires. the five years I spent in that coun- The joint family system is diffi- try 750,000 persons died from cult to define. A simple case oc- plague. Innoculation would save

almost everyone from plague, but working-man for eight hundred ignorance and superstition cause days. millions of Indians to refuse to be innoculated. I said: "Do you believe in such things?" Each year the Indian Govern- . ment issues a report of the number "No." of persons killed by wild animals "Then why do you do them?" during the year. A considerable "Because my wife and my moth- proportion of the deaths is caused er are both absolutely ignorant vil- by snake bite. The cobra and the lage women and if I had not per- karait are. the most deadly. The formed these ceremonies they belief in transmigration is directly would have killed me." responsible for many of these Inquests on the bodies of Indians deaths for the snake is an especial- who have died are not common and ly sacred animal and is preserved millions die with no physician in from harm even though the deadly attendance. An illiterate woman character of its bite is known. Pea- may be very skilful in the art of cocks, monkeys, deer, wild hogs, poisoning. Indian women may be and many wild birds and animals illiterate but they have power over are also allowed to exist in such their literate husbands and sons. large numbers as to cause great This student was very poor and by losses to the farmers. The bad this series of performances he was economic effects of a belief that thrown into debt for years, if not leads to the death of millions in the for life, .at a time when his educa- prime of their wage-earning power tion was unfinished. is obvious. It is equally clear that a system of game preservation that Holy Men of the East resembles in its effects, though not in its causes, that which proved so The presence of several millions burdensome in early England and of religious mendicants (the so- France, is decidedly wasteful. called "holy men") in India is a very considerable economic drain. Effects of Superstition These men are not the counterpart of the American clergymen. Many The best thinker among my Hin- thousands of them do not preach, du students returned to college one teach, or write. Their Christian day after a long absence and said counterpart is found in some of the that his young son had been born ascetics of ancient or medieval under an unlucky horoscope; times. So great is the hold of these therefore he had been busy doing men on their coreligionists that things to avert the threatened dis- people who are themselves all but aster to the child. He had gathered starving will contribute to their leaves from seven different varie- support. Occasionally an educated ties of sacred trees; collected wa- non-Christian revolts at the impositer from seven different sacred tion. A Hindu told me that when streams; collected dirt from seven he attended a religious festival at different important places; given a Allahabad a holy man asked him dinner to all of his high-caste for money. The student replied neighbors; and had given to the that the man had rendered him no priest two hundred rupees, which, service and that he owed him nothat that time, was the wages of a ing. The beggar said that the stu- dent's father and his grandfather

POVERTY AND THE GOSPEL

had both contributed to him and hammedan said to me that he could that the student must do so. "And not understand how an educated then," said my student, "I gave him woman could make a suitable wife. the smallest piece of money he had My answer was that educated ever r eceived and if my mother had women would not be willing to ocnot been with me I would not have cupy the position assigned to his given him anything." wife by the typical Mohammedan, but that they gave no trouble to The reverence in which these Christian husbands because of men are held is illustrated by the their education. I recall, however, fact that when they, in an absolute- with what evident pride one Hindu ly nude condition, march to the man told me that he had received a river at an especially sacred reli- SOME CIlRn;'l'IANS IN AN OUTCARTE INDIAN VILLAGE gious festival, the women kneel and postal card from his wife. Since kiss the dust of the ground over about one Indian woman in a thouwhich they have walked. Such sand can write her husband had women would give anything they good reason to be proud of her. possess to these beggars. The one festival mentioned above is the Mohammedanism ass i g n s to only occasion upon which any ex- women a position so degraded that ception iS,made to the law that one one can well believe the statement garment must be worn by each that in comparison to the Mohamadult. medan cities of northern Africa the morals of Sodom .and Gomor- The economic drain of this large rah were positively prudish. Hinparasitic class is clearly apparent. duism offers to women as the supreme comfort the hope that No non-Christian religion has some time in the course of transproduced in its adherents the same migrations she may be born a man. care for the education of women as for the education of men. A Mo- The economic effects of an igno-

rant and degraded womanhood are improvement in physical, intellecalmost wholly bad. Physical weak- tual, and moral standards as would ness, intellectual weakness, lack of natUrally follow the common adopbusiness experience and training, tion of Christianity, could so emdegrading moral standards, expen- ploy the population as to raise the sive superstitions, are a few of standard of economic life well such effects. above the poverty line.

Summary for India A common error is to suppose that because the Indians have The indictment against non- farmed for some thousands of Christian practices for economic years they have nothing to learn inefficiency is to my mind conclu- about farming. The success that sive. All of the practices mentioned has attended the teaching of agriare common and have the sanction culture in India by Christian forof religious teaching. None of them eigners proves the error. It is true, has the sanction of Christian teach- however, that the adoption of ing. It makes a vast economic dif- many of the most productive methference whether an uneconomic ods in agriculture is at presellt practice is rare and is condemned made impossible by the extreme by public opinion and the prevail- smallness of the individual units of ing religious teaching or whether cultivation. Landowners h a v e it is common and is either com- large holdings, but they also have manded or sanctioned by the pre- so many tenants (often numbering vailing religious teaching. thousands) that each cultivator has a very small bit of land. The use Some of India's undesirable eco- of a tractor, a self-binder, a threshnomic conditions are ascribable to ing machine, or any other equipnon-Christian practices although ment that can do a large amourit they may result from the operation of work in a short time is impossiof more than one cause. One ble without cooperative farming. marked evil is the lack of diversification of industry. Far too large a Non-Christian beliefs result in proportion of the population is en- such practices as produce an ungaged in farming. Too few raw satisfactory economic condition. products are manufactured at Would a general adoption of Chrishome. The caste system, the igno- tianity furnish an effective remrance of the people, the lack of edy? All of the evils given in the physical strength, make it hard to preceding list would be either mitiintroduce new occupations. It is gated or abrogated under a Christhe fashion to attribute the dire tian regime. Christians do not poverty of India to overpopulation, practice child-marriage, the purbut Belgium has supported the dah system, caste nor expensive larg~st population per square mile and ineffective religious rites; in the world without either asking they do not revere beggars; they or receiving pity on account of do not assign woman to a degraded overcrowding. The United States position; they do not believe in would immediately be overcrowded transmigration. if ninety per cent of its population would engage in agriculture. A Christianity teaches, with clear diversification of the industries of and persistent emphasis, the worth India, if accompanied by such an of the individual. Sex, race, caste, nationality, make no difference in

POVERTY AND THE GOSPEL

the Christian valuation. Its adop- God and his righteousness and all tion as a rule of practice would re- these things (needed material create the non-Christian world. It things) shall be added unto you" is is not an accident that no country a simple unequivocal promise. It unaffected by Christianity has a is explicit and has been proved universal system of education. It abundantly. There is a strong tenis not by chance that history fur- dency to attempt to reverse the nishes no record of a non-Christian process. To the natural man the people becoming Christian, or seeking of the Kingdom at any adopting Christian ideals, without time seems unnecessary and espethe economic standards of that peo- cially as a preliminary to the seekple being raised. A non-Christian ing of material things. The truth Croosus flourished at the expense is that the terms of the promise can of a multitude of abjectly poor be neither successfully reversed peasants and slaves, but the aver- nor neglected. Any nation that age standard of life was extremely seeks the Kingdom of God and conlow. Christianity promises to raise sistently practices the rules of that the mass rather than to elevate a Kingdom will have an assured and few. abiding and general prosperity. A Christian nation may not be a na- Christianity develops the intel- tion of wealthy people but it will lectual capacities of a people, in- not be a nation in which starvation creases their physical strength, or abject and unrelieved poverty helps to secure the proper mobility prevails. of labor, dispels superstition, makes practicable the diversifica- The United States is at present tion of industry, banishes the fear- the wealthiest country in the world. ful curse of child-marriage, abol- Its only salvation from drifting inishes the necessity of grinding to a degenerating materialism is to poverty. These benefits come, not recognize its responsibility for the to the men alone or the highest spiritual welfare of its own people caste alone, but to the population and also for the rest of the world. as a whole. Many millions need the teachings we can give to them. "Seek ye first the Kingdom of SHALL WE "FORCE" OUR RELIGION ON OTHERS?

Christianity is not our religion. It came to us from Christ through other people. We adopted it and there is no reason why we should fail to pass it on to others. Christianity is just as much native to Africa or Persia, as to America and England. Most nations have changed their religions at least once; and if a better faith offers, it should be accepted. Japan is largely Buddhist, yet Buddhism was born in India. Africa and China have large Moslem popula- tions, but Islam was born in Arabia. Christianity was born in the East and is not our faith over against the rest of the world. .

But no one is forcing Christianity on other people. If we open a Chris- tian scho'ol, nobody is obliged to attend it; and even if one does attend, he need not become a Christian. If we open a Christian hospital no one needs to go into the hospital. If we publish the Bible, nobody is required to read it. There is no fair sense in which force can be used with reference to mission work.

Non-Christian people can take or leave the missionary message precisely as anybody in Christian lands can take or leave the message of any minister if he chooses. -CLELAND B. MCAFEE.

A KOREAN VILLAGFl-MR. enOl AND HIB PRI7,E

'rhis young Christian Korean W:lS stnrtf'u in hH,iB(,S~ of s((!('k nwl pou1tr.' raisJng' and largely as a result this village has bef'J1 phangp(l from povprty, ilrunkj~nn p ~H nnel lll Wll'RRu ess, to thrift, sobriety and law-otlRervun~e.

HEJ..PING KOREANS OUT OF POVERTY Christian Farm Schools in Chosen BY DR. FRANCIS O. CLARK, Seoul, Chosen Ag1"icultura·l Advi.Rcr of the Nationu,l OottncH oj K01'can Y. llf. O. A/s J FTER spending fifteen months In order to reach the largest number of people, we conducted fiin Chosen, traveling 30,000 twenty-one ten-day farm schools, miles and visiting all of the to which the real "dirt farmers" were invited, together with leaders thirty-eight mission stations, I am particularly interested in the moveconvinced that the economic con- ment. These schools were very ditions of the country can be most practical. One-half of the time was quickly improved by instructing spent in lectures, one-fourth in the people along lines of diversified farming and by teaching them the best methods of dry-farming and question and answer discussions, stock raising. The emphasis of the and one-fourth in demonstrating government has been largely on how to prepare soil, make and use improving the culture of rice, and simple farm machinery, select the therefore most of the land avail- best seed, judge stock, etc. Lutz, able for this crop is now being Bunce, Kim and Pak started one fairly well managed. school, while Clark, Avison, Hong, 736

HELPING KOREANS OUT OF POVERTY

and Lee began the other. At the thirty to fifty cents per day, but end of five days, we exchanged more than one-half the farmers schools. By this system it was pos- could not afford to pay this amount. sible for each instructor to perfect We have selected from this large his work and discuss topics which group forty or fifty who, we hope, he was most thoroughly prepared will carryon definite farm projto demonstrate. Mr. Lutz and ects, on which farmers are exparty specialized on dry-farming, pected to demonstrate improved soils, fertilizers, crops, horticul- methods of CUltivation, the use of ture, bee keeping, etc. The other legumes, green manures, and imgroup discussed animal husbandry, portant crops, giving special atten- LOCAL COMMITTEE] OD' 'rHE HEJJJO (PYENGYANG) Y. M. C. A. EXPERIMENTAl, FARMS (Dr, F. n. Clnrk is in the front row, fourth from the left.) as applied to Korea, and the vari- tion to improved methods of plantous phases of farm management, ing and to selection of seed for financing, marketing, home indus- future planting. This program will tries, etc. require the services of men trained in animal husbandry and farm We enrolled a paid attendence management. Since the income of (five cents a day) of 4,280 and an the average farm family in Chosen estimated attendance at night is less than $140 a year, it will be meetings of more than 40,000. necessary to help these men get a Many walked from twenty to fifty start in buying simple equipment, miles, carrying sufficient bedding improved seed, fertilizer, and good and rice to last the ten days. One stock. poor fellow spilled his rice in the mud and was forced to gather it up, Last November and December a wash it and use it for food. Korean practical school of agriculture was inns provide board and room at conducted where these project 2

farmers were taught and further how to produce other crops than training was given to Korean rural rice. A bushel of wheat can be pro- leaders. From this leader's school, duced with much less labor than a the best men were chosen to help bushel of rice, and on land that continue a large number of short will not produce the latter. Since ten-day schools. their food contents are similar, the There are many young men in problem of feeding the people in Chosen who have been educated in such countries as Japan, China, and literature, political science, history, Chosen can be greatly lessened by etc., but who find little practical growing a larger variety of cereal use for their education. Some who crops. The area of tillable soil in the country can be nearly doubled if we introduce variety farming and the proper use of hill lands in a program 'of intensive crop rota- tion and stock raising. Fruit, mul- berry and nut trees should be grown on the hillsides and the level land should be saved for the cere- als.

Everywhere we go in Chosen, the people come out to farmers' meet- ings in great numbers and are anxious to get information on im- proved farming.

Fortunately this idea of better farming has been definitely associ- ated with the Christian religion.

In many cases, churches have ap- pointed agriculture committees and have cooperated in the pur- chase of land with a hope of dem- A YOUNG KOREAN AND IllS PF.'l' onstrating improved methods of ROOSTER agriculture to neighbors. We have invited such communities to send are willing to work with their representatives to the far m hands may be benefited by taking schools. At some schools we se- these practical courses and will lected a particular farm for which become qualified to conduct demon- we worked out a detailed plan of stration farms or to teach agricul- management covering a period of ture in the primary and middle three years. We construct or dem- schools now conducted by the vari- onstrate better tillage machinery ous missions. The main purpose of and the method of properly pre- the farm schools is, however, to paring the soil for planting.

give a practical course adapted to All the missions of the Federal the immediate needs of the Korean Council in Chosen are cooperating farmers. in this farm school movement and An eminent Japanese professor the mission workers, together with emphasizes the importance of the Korean church leaders, are teaching the farmers of the Orient largely responsible for the attend-

HELPING KOREANS OUT OF POVERTY '139

ance at sessions of the farm schools. of demonstration farms. It is also The women of Chosen must be necessary to raise the economic level among Christians in Korea in convinced of the need for a change order that they may be independin diet and must be taught how to ent and may support their own prepare various kinds of foods. It churches. At the cost of $100 a is a common impression that milk, year for three years (for equipeggs, and fruit are too expensive ment, seed and fertilizer) a group for ordinary people to eat. Under of ten or twelve men, trained in agexisting conditions this is true, but riculture, may be able to train Koby improved methods of farming rean leaders and in ten years can the people can raise these products turn over the main part of the proon land that is now being largely FIRST MEETING '1'0 ORGANIZ E A Y. M. C. A. IN A KOllEAN VILLAGE wasted, they can learn how to feed gram to them. In fifteen or twenty stock on plants that can grow be- years, the income from the farms tween the seasons of human food should be doubled, thus enabling crops. the Korean Church to be adequate- ly self-supporting. The mission Such a change can be brought forces should take the lead and supabout in Chosen only when the ply the necessary men, women, and practical side of farming is dem- means to make this demonstration onstrated to the people. The influ- of applied Christianity. The ence of the missionaries and the church must prove to the people Christian Church is great, and a that it really cares for their human united effort will make these welfare as well as for their spiritschools more successful and pre- ual life. pare the way for a large number

THE VILLAGES IN NYASALAND*

BY MRS. T. CULLEN YOUNG, Loudon, Nyasaland, Africa Missionary of the Ohurch oj Scotland Mission A FEW years after David Liv- keeping it back. They are hang- ingstone's death, Dr. Robert ing on to the old ceremonial rites Laws founded the Living- and customs, especially when trag- stonia Mission on Lake Nyasa. In edy comes to the village, while at the pioneer days the youth had to the same time they grope in a dim be bribed to come to school. Fren- and misty way after the new things zied Ngoni warriors came to raid which may be good for their chil- the weaker tribes along the shore dren, but which seem to attack the of Lake Nyasa. He heard the war roots of their own lives. Never- impis round his house yelling death theless there are other women who to the "white spirit," and often he are taking their place bravely and had to be ready to flee, with steam beautifully in the uplift of their up in the little "Ilala" and his sur- country.

gical instruments and few treas- The Livingstonia Institution, ured wedding-presents bur i e d built on an escarpment 4,500 feet under the sitting-room floor. above sea level on the western Today all has changed. The shore of Lake Nyasa, includes a Government has entered into part- large Secondary School with a nership in the work of training the Normal Course for the training of Africans for the future, and the teachers, a Medical Course, pro- Mission moves out into new re- ducing trained hospital assistants sponsibilities. But the foundation and other courses for evangelists has been laid by the pioneers. and ministers. The Industrial De- When Dr. Laws left Nyasaland be- partments, which include carpenhind him, after over fifty years, try, printing, engineering, buildhe was carried on the Governor's ing and agriculture absorbs huntrain, the guard of which was one dreds· of young Africans. The of his own old pupils, while others Mission had two out-districts comwere in trusted positions in Gov- prising the most beautiful and ernment offices. varied scenery, in the midst of which lie the villages from which Livingstonia graduates are scat- come the raw material of African tered all over Africa-Tanganyika youth. Territory, Belgian Congo, the Two Rhodesias, South Africa and even The Lake District is a strip of Kenya. Many teachers have with- sandy country lying along the shore stood the temptation of bigger pay and stretching inland to the footand are now teaching village hills. Here cotton and tobacco schools, often remote from their flourish. The people are mostly own home and friends. fishers, traders and boatmakers. They also plant large quantities of The country is advancing but, groundnuts. On the whole, they fundamentally, the women are are more enterprising than the in- • Looking back on twenty-six years in the landers, as they came earlier into Livingstonia Mission the most uplifting ex- contact with outside trade. Creamy nets lie drying on the shore of the perience has been to watch the Master touching the life of the .African village to new impulses and ideals.-J. C. Y.

740 lake, canoes turned up on the sand, education, with loving friendship, naked children playing under the will win the conservative, timid, banana trees. witch-bound African.

A small slip of a girl went down The other district lies beyond the to the lake one morning with a pot range which forms the western on her head. She washed her brass edge of the Great Rift. This disbangles at the water's edge with trict, for which the Institution staff the fine sand and then went in her- also holds itself responsible, is self. She never returned. The equally rich in rivers, woodland empty pot told the tale. The fa- and mountains. Here coffee and ther tied a sick cow to a stake and wheat flourish, while tea has been next morning the crocodile had it started and other parts are recomby the nose. One shot killed the mended for tobacco. monster and the small bangles revealed the tragedy. The cry of an Once away from the station and African mother who has lost her all its activities, we go whirling child is unforgettable. along in a bush-car at great speed. The open road has a wonderful "A-ye-we!" she calls, as she effect on our spirits. We feel at throws up her arms and beats her peace with the world, acknowledgbreast, "Had I not three sons and ing God's goodness to the blue sky. they were taken? Did I not call Suddenly there is a shout from the this child Dongo ('mud,' so that front runner: the spell might be broken), and she also has gone. A-ye-we 1" "All you hear me, my name is January!" Beautiful lake shore! you look so peaceful and Christian with "Since when did you take that those school-churches and much name?" hymn-singing, but beneath and beside it all does there not still lie the "This morning," is the gay reterror and the doubt? There is the joinder. Shrill voices come from old woman who dreams dreams and the isolated huts on the near hills, then calls the people to sweep the asking who we are and where we village, to throwaway the embers are going. Our men shout back, of their fires and come with white satisfying the curiosity of the hillfowls to the mountain to appease folk, usually with jokes which make the wrath of God who is about to everybody laugh. send disease. There is the woman who makes evil potions, and who In the afternoon we pull up at sits over her pot, covered with the Mission rest-house, a simple bark-cloth from head to foot. dwelling, with whitewashed walls, There is the man working in the two rickety bedsteads, a table and Mission Printing-Office who was one or two chairs. taken ill and went home to the lake shore to consult a medicine- Next morning we make an early man who told him that enemies start to climb Usowoya Mountain were willing his death. A month before the sun is high. The man in after, my husband saw him lying front constantly warns the man beon his mat wasting away, prac- hind of the defects of the road. tically dying in the grip of the be- "Down, left, right! Tree-stump, lief that he was bewitched. Only my brother," and the man behind takes warning against putting his foot into a hole or jabbing his toes.

We reach the top and find the school there in the clearing and

morning classes begun. I sit on man, sitting beside his kraal split- the school bell-a drum-until our ting black crow's feathers for his chairs arrive. The numerous chil- burial headdress.

dren look at us at first from a dis- About two hours later, we draw tance and comment on our pe- up at a school carrying on in the culiarities. open air at a forest clearing. The My husband spends the after- school building has collapsed from noon in school and later sits under the depredations of white ants.

the big tree-the village talking- Only the skeleton of the new build- place-with the men, while I strike ing has been erected so far. The off towards a group of women. children sit on logs while the They are no longer shy. After teacher uses a deformed tree stump much friendly chat there comes a for a chair. The blackboard hangs pause for their intuition tells them upon a tree branch. The local that the mission lady has always Christians have arrived and all something more to say after the gather together for a talk, hymn- banter. They wait, and then we sing and prayer.

give one of those messages which The young girls are wearing is always waiting to be given. round their necks, threaded on a Once more 'our hearts have been string, one large crimson bean with laid bare and we are friends for black keel. "Why are you all wear- life. ing one bean?" "Because it is The old elder is making a pair of beautiful," they answer, but I know wooden crutches to enable a young otherwise. Later some big girls man to go to the hospital at Living- corne and sit near the door of the stonia. His leg has been poisoned tent. I hand them my small-mir- for a long time by a horrible ulcer. ror, and the interest is intense as One evening, at the station some one or two see their own faces for months later, we meet a smartly the first time. The reserve has dressed youth standing outside the broken down. "Why are you wear- hospital. He smiles and says, ing that bean?" I ask. At once the "Don't you know me?" and he lifts answer comes: "A snake won't his wooden leg covered with trous- bite us if we wear it, but if one ers and canvas shoe. The leg was does bite us then we put the bean made by a station carpenter. in water, stir, and drink, and all After a service with the villagers will be well."

the following morning, we run Some days after we descend the along for miles on the top of the Usowoya Hills to the plains again.

ridge. Up here the school-centres This part of the plain is well pop- are far apart as it is not very ulated and we find the people in thickly populated. My husband the throes of great fear. Two lions calls from behind, "Do you see that have been in possession of the vil- dark clump of trees at the top of lages for several nights, helping that rocky knoll on your right? themselves to goats and pushing at That is where old Kajiwunde was the doors of huts. We get a great caught as a boy by Ngoni raiders welcome here; many old friends about 1855." The young boy of six corne to greet us and talk.

or seven years was taken away as In the late afternoon I notice a a slave to Ngoniland where we met woman sitting by herself on a little him. He was then a very old, bent knoll beside a solitary hut in the

TOURING THE VILLAGES IN NYASALAND

middle of a maize garden. I be- keep flicking with uur eland tails.

come consumed with curiosity as Buffalo SPOOl' is fresh on the path. she sits apparently doing nothing. We sleep in a small, deserted bush- I get up and make straight for her. village. When the people, who are Not finding a path I get into diffi- sleeping in their garden watch- culties, but finally reach her. As I huts, hear of our arrival, one womapproach I see her putting her hands behind her back. She is an oldish woman. We greet. I pull a bit of wood and sit down beside her.

"Have you been reaping today?"

"Can I reap'! can I hoe? have I hands?" and she slowly brings her poor, mangled hands to the front.

"How did that happen 7" "Did the Ngoni not do it when I was a girl, when they raided our villages and wanted my brass bangles which were difficult to take off?" We cross the Rakuru in a dug-out and sitting on the bank, we watch the bush-car, beds, bedding, tent, table, food-baskets and suit cases brought across, the men trying to balance these things with themselves in the old, leaky canoe.

We hold straight westwards till we come to the "Gate" of the Nkamanga country, which is the Njakwa Gorge. This gorge is just a great tangle of vegetation, clos- ing in overhead in parts, with a deep river rushing over big bould- ers or swirling in deep, dark pools.

If you ask a native to go to the Nkamanga country, he immediately looks around for another to accom- pany him. The old people said that the god of the river, in the shape of a red-crested snake, came down A NKAMANGA SCHOOLBOY WEARING from the hill every year and went KILT ~lADlj; OlJ1 'l'JUDIC-BAltK InnRE into these pools. People made of- an runs towards the empty village ferinps to it – human ones are crying: "Don't sleep in that end whispered. We have seen beads hut there; it has gone wrong!"

and flour laid down at the crossing Next morning I ask the women which consisted of tree-branches what had gone wrong with the end tied together with strips of bark hut. Dead silence! Finally one and laid between two gigantic young woman answers, "Twins boulders. were born in it and if your carriers Next we enter a tsetse belt and had slept in it their legs would

have swollen in lumps and the but the details of the service they trouble would have come back upon rendered are still obscure.

us for not warning them." Two days further west lies the We are soon on the path again, other sacred mountain of Nka- lifting up our hearts in prayer that manga, called Mwanda-the cenfre the seed sown may bring forth of a still earlier worship. Among fruit in the hearts of those attrac- a variety of tales, God is said to tive people. At the largest centre send abroad from Mwanda in the of population and of historic inter- rumblings of his thunder, the first est in the Nkamanga plain, the announcement of the approaching chief, Chikuramayembe IX, comes rains.

out to greet us, wearing a yellow- Having visited all the schools in brown kanzu decorated with silver Nkamanga we go further west and braid, a long chain with the king's finally come to a centre on the edge medallion and a red fez. of the great Vwaza Marsh. Here, This was formerly an ivory trad- while the camp is being got ready, ing center. Here we have a very I renew acquaintance with the large, cruciform-shaped, school- women and children.

church with teachers and many Next morning we enter the soli- scholars, including boarders from tude of the Vwaza Marsh, the home more distant villages. The heart of buffalo, elephant and many of of the missionary's task is to per- the larger antelope. Our load men suade these teachers to take a more do not lag behind that day. The active part in the supreme task of man who carries the rifle and am- helping those boys and girls to gain munition is the most popular. An an unblurred vision of Jesus old woman appears walking to- Christ. Now that the Government wards us. We greet her. "Are has stepped in one must avoid the you not afraid to travel here danger of giving a purely secular alone?" She seems deaf so we re- education. The head teacher's wife peat the question. She then looks has a Bible class of thirty married up with a beautiful smile and asks, women five mornings in the week. "Have I not a Father?" She had Next day we are off on the wings learned about her heavenly Father of the morning for we have many at the services in some small vil- schools to visit-right to the north- lage school. One cannot calculate ern Rhodesian border. At all these the stupendous use God makes of schools a well-attended women's the village teacher at these lonely class is sure proof of the character outposts. Of our Nyasaland schools of the teacher. we have reached the farthest west.

Nkamanga is an almost circular It is the month of October. The plain, surrounded by hills and open whole country is a yellow throb- only to the south where the Rukuru bing haze. The rivers are dry.

River comes down from Ngoniland. Only those which have their source Most noticeable to the west is the far up in the Nyika are running.

peaked mountain Chikang'ombe- The marshes, the bane of our trav- the hill of worship-at the foot of els earlier in the year, are cracked which lies the village ill whose care solid. Once more we take the same lay once the sacred hill. It is said road to the same rest-house. We that girls were set apart, in per- turn up into the hills but are petual virginity, as "wives of God," warned by the people on the plain

that the village at the summit is own home. The people like him deserted. A number of deaths dur- however and speak well of his ing the past months had ousted the teaching. He is trustworthy, one people. The spirits had thus shown of those live Christian souls. He their disapproval! The real cause agrees to stay on for another term, was no doubt the bad water supply and we are glad, for his teaching is -a small stagnant pool. With a badly needed. We have talks with whole village population dipping the people, man-to-man talks, wom- and lifting mud, contamination was an-to-woman talks. They agree certain. that all is not right in their mode We reach the top, 5,000 feet of life and new resolutions are above sea level, after sunset. A made. In the morning we have a long, silent street. Substantially last word with them and go forth.

built mud and thatch houses on We shall not see them for another either side. Not a soul to greet us. year.

Clay pots on verandahs, firewood Now we have reached the seven stacked in corners, barns full, beer thousand feet level, and are above pots closed with cob-webs, bunches the tree line. Only in the gullies of herbal medicine drying, burnt are there tangles of vegetation, and embers in the dip in the centre of old, big, gnarled and twisted trees.

the huts-a complete flight before There are now no villages of any the anger of the ancestral spirits size, only groups of huts of from and their weapon of death. We two to five, widely scattered. At pitch our tent for the night and them all we stop and pitch our tent leave at dawn. We pass the well- in the near gully for the wind can built school-church, with rustic be terrific at night. Indeed, we forms and desk intact. Nothing often lie thinking of the tent ropes could have more signally exempli- and their chance against such odds.

fied the power of superstition over The people of the Nyika are the the even partially – e due ate d Poka. They are squat, heavy and African. broad in the make and tend to- On we go, steadily mounting wards hairiness. They are kn()tty through thick vegetation, getting and bent at the knees with the con- glimpses by the way of towering stant climbing, and the big toe in boulders with the river completely each foot is noticeably enlarged.

hidden, rushing far beneath; no They are wonderful agriculturists.

doubt old worshipping centres as They grow potatoes, onions, peas, all those awesome places were. At beans of several varieties, maize, noon we come to a village with a millet and wheat. In fact, they are school. The village is very dirty. the only people in this region who The people ate dressed in mudded understand the maintenance of the bark-cloth; especially the women soil without having been taught; have an untidy, beery look. Beer although like all Africans, they pots are in abundance. Our tent tend towards wastefulness of the is pitched and once more we are as soil by perpendicular ridging on a circus to these people. The school the slopes. Until quite recently is examined, and the teacher is they would have nothing to do with shown his defects and encouraged. schools. There is only one vacation He wants to return to the fertile, school even now, and the teacher kindly plains to teach beside his is a volunteer from the Institution

who comes for short periods. We size of a pigeon's egg, remnant of have many meetings and talks with Arab influence, can contain herself these scattered highlanders. The no longer and, as is the native cusyoung girls follow us to the second tom, gives her answer by asking a and third camp just to spend part question. "Did we not flee from of the day with us. To their great the fertile valley of the Rukuru joy, my suit-case is turned out, in- when the Ngoni raided us?" She cluding the mirror, and the use of rises and, throwing up her skinny everything explained. All reserve old arms, stamps one heel on the breaks down, questions are asked ground and then the other, signifyand a n s w ere d, friendship ce- ing no doubt what revenge she mented. would take if she could.

Finally, after much climbing we We spend a few days resting at come to the highest inhabited spot, a camp on a lake on the mountain a hamlet of five huts. The tent is top, and then wend our way homepitched. I saunter along to the huts ward slowly, camping frequently at and find some women shelling beautiful, cascading streams. We beans and ask them why they have are nearer the eight thousand feet chosen such a high and exposed level now. No longer tired, we despot to live on, when their gardens scend to face the program of anare far down the sheltered valleys. other year. A sudden halt! the After a little, one very old woman whole caravan listens! The first wearing a long string of the oldest thunder rumbles in the west. type of bead in the country-prus- "Ah," says a voice, "God has not sian blue and white chalcedony the forgotten us: Mwanda speaks."

WHY GO INTO MISS,IONARY SERVICE Responses by newly appointed misswnwries of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society at the presentation service at Kansas City Walter R. Werelius, M.D.-We would preach Jesus Christ and Him crucified, and resurrected, the living Saviour.

M. Vincent Young.-The missionary force across the Burman border is far too meager, so I am very anxious to join my father and my brother who are now on that field as ambassadors of Christ.

Alfred C. Davis.-We go to Assam because Christ is dear to us; be- cause we believe that Christ supplies all of our needs; because we are convinced that Christ fulfils the needs of all.

Julius Ki8h.~Twenty-four years ago I was an immigrant boy. A Baptist missionary told me it was my duty to bring Jesus Christ to my people. I have never forgotten what he said.

Dresie Yut-Sen La1h'You.~My work in San Francisco in helping to bring little children to Christ will be only answering His plea as He said: "Suffer little children to come unto Me."

Nancy Ellen ESP1J.~As I go to Milwaukee to work among the Polish people it is my hope that I may so live Christ and so present Him to them that they will want to accept Him as their way of life.

Elsie Lar8on.~The most important purpose of my life will be to bring to the people the me·ssage of Christ who can satisfy every need and whom to know is life eternal. ~MissioU8.

A FARMER MISSIONARY ON

BY BRAYTON C. CASE, Pyinmana, Burma Superintendent oj the American Baptist Agricultural School N o ONE can make missions as tions. I went to the mission field real to the home church as equipped with what I thought was the missionary himself. The the latest and best, but at home I missionary is often used to revive found myself an intellectual hay- the church and the home church seed growing whiskers. Revolu- and the Christian men in it, who tionary discoveries had been made. are living their religion in many New departments of knowledge walks of life, can do much to re- had sprung up that suggested new vive the missionary. Many enrich- improvements on the mission field. ing experiences come on a fur- Suddenly I was let loose like a lough. Missions hold the respect starved cow on fresh pasture, feel- of serious-minded men. In college, ing I would like to gorge myself or bank, or factory, or store, strong with it all in a single day. I wrote men give serious attention to the volumes of notes, gathered armfuls missionary's· work. Interest in the of free pamphlets, bought trunk- whole world's welfare is in the air fuls of books. The volume of de- and the spirit is gaining ground licious succulence nearly choked that a man to be respectable should me. At last with desperate self give genuine service. However in- control I pushed aside the bulk of adequately the churches may be it and picked out a few choice bits able to get this spirit expressed in and tried to digest them. Then missionary offerings, and though with new found strength prepared the organized expression of reli- to return to the old job. gion in regular church channels These institutions are doing a may sometimes be disappointing, similar service for others in many there seems to be a decided ad- walks of life. At a "Farmers vance in the influence of real reli- Week" in midwinter two thousand gion over the lives of thoughtful country people came and plunged men in the world of action. Many into an educational and inspiraof the biggest men in America tional deluge for six days. The cheerfully give a good share of regular college activities were their time as well as money to re- stopped and every classroom and ligious and philanthropic causes. professor was grappling with hun- In the state agricultural colleges gry seekers. Regarding the counmany of the leading men are active try church, country school, nursworkers in the local churches. ing, health, cooking, clothing, They are interested in missions and music, crops, poultry, farm anidesire to be of service in their ad- mals, gardening, games, commuvancement. There is a missionary nity organization and many other spirit about these institutions. The lines, experts were giving instruccolleges breath the spirit of "Here tion and council to groups and diswe are for your special service." cussing problems related to their A wealth of fresh information al- particular needs. Eager learners so is to be found in these institu- and able and devoted men joyously 747

poured themselves out to be a bless- In addition to these, schools were ing. organized running two weeks for various types of rural leaders. During another week came a tor- That for country preachers coming rent of boys and girls-club mem- in the summer time was one of the bers from the .farms and homes all most interesting. With the coopover the state. Each one was se- eration of the religious organizalected to come because of some spe- tions of the state a curriculum was cial achievement durin$' the previ- drawn up which included subjects ous year and they all were eager to helpful to country pastors in small benefit by this privilege. They rep- rural communities. Outstanding resented three quarters of a million church leaders taught the subjects club members all over the country. on the religious side of the work such as sermons for a country Throughout the year large par- church, pastoral work, Sundayties organized from different coun- school management, etc., while ties in the state arrived in automo- members of the college staff taught biles to spend a day at the college. subjects such as rural recreation, They listened to specialists tell rural family life, gardening, poulwhat were the latest discoveries re- try, cooperation and marketing. lated to their particular needs. They saw practices demonstrated Similar schools were conducted on the college experiment station, for Sunday-school teachers and observed specimens prepared in workers among young people. laboratories, and talked with these There were schools for leaders of leaders about what they saw. the Grange which is the fraternal There was mutual respect and organization for country people goodwill from both sides, and their very widespread over America. feet stayed on the ground. Their Also a similar school was held for talk dealt with real country life the local leaders of the Boys and and present pressing problems. It Girls Farm and Home Clubs. was thrilling. This one day meeting might be of a county poultry These numerous activities were association, county market garden- conducted with the hearty cooperaers, dairy or fruit growers' associa- tion of existing local agencies tion, or a state seedsmen's or a working for the betterment of live stock convention. I even saw country life. The leaders of the a professor lecturing on disinfect- agricultural colleges were not tryants and hair tonics at a barbers' ing to put over something on these convention. local organizations but, with sym- pathetic understanding and a help- Still another type were the short ful Christian spirit, were coopercourses for farmers lasting two ating to contribute those elements weeks. Different subjects would be they possessed for making country taken up at different times in the life richer and more satisfying year and conducted by different de- both in a material and spiritual partments of the college, such as way. This tremendous volume of short courses on poultry, or fruit helpful influence from the state agand vegetable growing, or dairy- ricultural college was being poured ing. Experts from outside in com- into the surrounding country life mercial or state work were some- every month of the year and in times called in to supplement the local staff. practically everyone of the forty-

A FARMER MISSIONARY ON FURLOUGH

eight states-a big help to farmers. partment of the government, and Out among the farms and homes its agents are constantly traveling in practically every corner of each over the country encouraging and state was still another hand of the advising with the various local agricultural college reaching out to agencies. I found these agents in bless and serve. This was the local real missionary headquarters. The resident agent of the college exten- maze of offices, clicking typesion department. Nearly every writers, and hUrrying feet was becounty had a county agent who wildering but into whichever door lived there and visited the country I stuck my head there 1 met a smile people and advised them regarding of welcome and the question: their farm work. He got local "What is your difficulty? What farmers to demonstrate improved can I do for you ?" When they dispractices. He came to be a friend covered I was a missionary like a of everybody who was looking for seven-year locust returning to dea better way of living and working. vour any green thing, they re- I have seen these men conducting doubled their efforts to get the meetings which would make a mis- latest bit of information that might sionary envious. I heard them be of service. Scores of people preaching principles of pruning laid themselves out and some even and practical living perched on a went around the city to help me tree-top with a saw, and talk on get the thing I needed. From insoil improvement and soul culture tensely busy men at the head of from out of a hole in the ground bureaus to office stenographers, with a spade in hand. Around them the spirit of being enlisted in a gathered hard-handed, sunburned great missionary enterprise was farmers, eagerly listening and ask- present. ing questions and carrying home a In a multitude of places I found better way of life as well as some this purpose at work-to be of the better practice in agriculture. greatest possible service to the These were new types of mission- common country people-and it aries with a contagious enthusiasm gripped the heart of this farmer and devotion to the all-round bet- mIssIOnary. This avalanche of terment of their communities, that kindness and help and inspiration made me wish we could import sev- overwhelmed me. The magnificent eral shiploads of them to turn loose Christian men I met through these on our mission fields. In addition, contacts brought me wonderful new in many counties there was a wom- friends, filled me with new spiran home demonstration agent giv- itual power, gave me a new vision ing her attention to the needs of and made my furlough a rich exthe farm homes and sometimes still perience. another man or woman for boys' The spirit of this great moveand girls' clubs. Altogether there ment, permeated by Christian men are over five thousand of these ex- seeking to render a Christian servtension agents at work in America. ice to the country life of the world, Cooperating with all these state was expressed at Jerusalem in agencies and back of them all is the 1928. Before the Christian people United States Department of Agri- of the world who think in rural culture. It employs more people terms for rural needs, the followin Washington than any other de- ing statement was made under the

heading, "The Christian Mission in interests of a better Christian Relation to Rural Problems in Asia country life. Dr. Butterfield is and Africa": right in the centre of this great Man is an integral part of God's stream working for a better counphy,sical creation, and much of his best try life. He stresses the need of education, as well as his moral and spiritual regeneration as well as spiritual development, can still be agricultural and social. improve- drawn from the environment that ment. Country ministers as well rural life affords. as the Christian laymen of the The moral and spiritual values of countryside look to him for leaderthe farmer's work, his stewardship of ship. the soil, the greatest material resource which God has given His children; On the mission fields we are up the farmer',s service to his fellowmen against the problem of leading our in producing the primary physical rural converts to grow in the fullneed of mankind-food; the farmer's ness and richness of the Christian need of discovering God's laws and life. Tied down by the limitations how to conform to them, how he can of extreme poverty, bodies under- more fully be a worker together with nourished, disease sapping their God; these are distinct and peculiar strength, with the result that little opportunitie!l for Christian teaching and preaching among rural folk. spiritual inspiration stirs their souls to attempt greater and better We recommend that as soon as prac- things because they are Christians. ticable the Committee of the Interna- If the new impulse which comes tional Missionary Council employ a into their lives through Christ does competent staff member to give full not find expression in doing sometime to the service of rural mis·sions thing better, in growing a better in all parts of the world.

In -harmony with these recom- crop, building a better house, mendations, Dr. Kenyon L. But- cleaner clothes, using more soap terfield has gone to India, Siam and water on the babies; betterand China to study needs and to fed children in addition to better council regarding rural problems praying and better preaching; if and share his experience so that it does not find some such expresmissionaries and Christian leaders sion, the impulse will wither and may more effectively develop a die. God cannot bless a lazy, shift- Christian way of life in body, mind less Christian. If he does not try and soul among rural communities. to do something better with his re- ligion he will lose it. You know Dr. Butterfield, formerly presi- the number who slide back till they dent of the Massachusetts Agricul- are not much better than baptized tural College, until recently presi- heathen.

dent of the Michigan State College Dr. Butterfield has made his re- of AgricultUre, was a member of port on India. His help has been the American Country Life Com- received enthusiastically by those mission appointed by President who lift their eyes to new visions Roosevelt. He has been president and seek to help bring rural peo- of the American Country Life As- ples a larger measure of that full- sociation and has recently returned ness of life which should be theirs from a tour of South Africa in the as followers of Christ.

HASHIMOTO-SAN SIGNED THE

A Rural Experiment in Japan BY THE REV. E. M. CLARK, PH.D., Kobe, Japan Missionary oj the Pre8b!{t0l'ian Ohurch, U. S. A.

SIGN HERE …….. ! No, you In recent years much has been are not being asked to buy a said and written with regard to the gold brick, nor to give away rural problem. And it is high time!

something which you desire to After nearly two thousand years keep. You are reading the climax we decide that it is time to give the of the story of a two-year persecu- agriculturists a chance to hear the tion of a young farmer who was Gospel! In Japan, after sixty-odd baptized nearly two years ago in a or seventy years of work by Prot- small village in rural Japan. The estant missions, the rural areas are document read thus: as yet practically untouched. Prob- I do not believe in Jesus Christ. I ably there is truth in the claim of hereby promise in the presence of all the mission and church leaders those here assembled that I will never that the policy of concentrating again cross the threshold of a Chris- their efforts in the larger centers tian meeting house. of population has been justified by SIGN HERE ……………….. . the results. The existence today of Hashimoto-san signed the paper, a large number of self-supporting the only other alternative being to churches in all of the cities and be cast out with his wife and chil- most of the large towns may, with dren into a cold world with no vis- a fair amount of accuracy, be acible means of livelihood. cepted as proof of the wisdom of the policy hitherto followed. Rural Japan is primitive Japan. Those who have lived only in the However, recent local and inter- cities and larger towns, as also national conferences have sensed those who visit Japan for only a the situation aright in placing a brief period, have much to say new and powerful emphasis upon about the marvelous developments the need for a progressive policy in which have characterized the past rural evangelism. "Hereafter the few decades. Their observations missions must, more and more, un- are correct. Perhaps they have dertake what the younger churches even slightly underestimated ·the are still unable to do. They must progress which has been made. press out into the pioneer areas,"

But there is another Japan. I is the substance of much discussion am thinking of the Japan which in mission meetings and other constill believes the old story, initiated ferences. In Japan this recent by priests of the older religions emphasis has, as yet, advanced when Christianity first began to scarcely beyond the stage of aca- leak into the country, that Chris- demic discussion."

tian missionaries are in Japan for Two years ago the Japan Mis- the purpose of subjecting the em- sion of the Presbyterian Church in pire to foreign countries, by first the U. S. A. adopted a policy in inducing the people to embrace a conformity with this idea. At the foreign religion. same time it took a rather drastic 751

step in extracting itself by the nomic condition and the deep-dyed roots from the work which it had conservatism of the Japanese farmformerly been doing, in coopera- er, it is quite evident that it is usetion with the Church of Christ in less to expect any missionary or Japan, in the cities and larger Japanese evangelist to enter a towns. As far as evangelistic work rural community and establish a is concerned the mission is now church on the basis of "self-sup- "feeling its way" into a closer and port from the beginning," in the more spiritual relation to the traditional meaning of the phrase. younger church, and at the same In the first place, it requires about time into a policy of effort on be- three years to break through the half of the neglected classes. In crust of anti-Christian antipathy line with this policy new plans are and prejudice and to gain the conbeing laid for work for the indus- fidence of the farmers. trial classes and the underbrush is being cleared for pioneer work in In the second place, all of the the rural areas. farmers of a rather large region would have to become Christians, A study of the problems of rural or at least a good proportion of a evangelism in Japan is not within still larger area would have to be the scope of this article. The writ- Christians before anything like er has been requested to relate self-support could be attained. It briefly the facts relative to an ex- is difficult to conceive of a group of periment which he is sponsoring in people increasing their already the hope of casting a little light on staggering load of debt in order to the specific problem of how the support a church. An average debt Gospel can be brought to the farm- of five hundred and fifty yen for ers without the mission getting every farmer in the country has to into a predicament similar to that be reckoned with. In view of such from which it has recently been circumstances one may reasonably obliged to extricate itself in rela- hope that in a group of villages tion to the formerly "aided" there might be a sufficiently large churches. number of Christians after about ten years to support an evangelist When the mission adopted its by contributing rice, vegetables new policy of emphasis upon work and small amounts of money. for the hitherto neglected classes it adopted also a policy of "self- Weare making an experiment support from the beginning." in an attempt to meet the situation When we attempt to make this pol- and to make it possible to carryon icy applicable to the peasant class evangelistic and social work in a we find ourselves facing the diffi- rural area comprising one small cult proposition of inducing a pov- town and a large number of farmerty-stricken, heavily indebted and er-villages. The total population overtaxed group of people to give is approximately forty thousand, financial support to a propaganda living within an area of approxithe avowed purpose of which is to mately ninety square miles. This displace its time-honored religious work is to be self-supporting in the institutions by one which it has sense that, given a certain origbeen taught to fear and disrespect. inal equipment, it will perpetuate itself indefinitely without financial To anyone who has a first-hand aid from outside sources. There is acquaintance with the serious eco-

HASHIMOTO-SAN SIGNED TlIE

nothing new in the idea. Mission cial qualifications which an evanindustrial schools are working on gelist ought to possess, he believes the same principle. The only new that he can be a soul-winner by feature of the present experiment managing the chicken ranch and is its application to the rural prob- thus producing the income by lem in Japan. which the more directly evangel- istic work can be supported. Di- Our white leghorn chicken ranch rect evangelism is being carried on is in the center of an entirely un- by the missionary and an associate, evangelized region in rural Japan. with the additional aid of two theo- A small tract of land, a house suf- logical students and another young ficiently large to provide a home layman. The plan is that from next for a small group of workers, a April the poultry manager, an stock of about one thousand good evangelist and two lay assistants hens with houses sufficiently mod- will be residing there and the work ern in their arrangement and will get into full swing, as is imequipment to be a source of educa- possible now with only Sunday tion to the farmers of the commu- trips. It should be half supporting nity (a total financial outlay of by that time and fully supporting approximately three thousand dol- by autumn when all of the stock lars), is the· extent of the original and other equipment should be investment from which we believe complete. it will be possible to carryon indefinitely an evangelistic and social At present, with only Sundays work for farmers, on a basis of and occasional holidays and vacaself-support from the beginning. tion periods spent on the field, a small church is being developed in In the present experiment,· the the central town, ·and children's lack of funds to start the project meetings are held every week in off on a paying basis, compels us eleven of the surrounding villages. to add gradually to the equipment, The adult life of these villages also the hope being that it will be com- is being slightly touched by the plete by autumn. In the meantime distribution of Christian literature the mission is supplying funds to and by personal conversations, as support the project. This involves well as by occasional lectures. But part time of a missionary and a this is only laying the foundation Japanese associate, two student for a more intensive and effective helpers and two laymen assistants, work which can be done only when and the expense of the upkeep of a the evangelist and his associates Ford car by which itineration is are living on the field and identifydone. Under the supervision of the ing themselves with the life of the missionary the material equipment peasants. Then the time and eneris being acquired and developed gy of the missionary will be rewith the assistance of a young lay- leased for the developing of a new man who has not the educational project in another community. qualifications to enter our Theo- The missionary, in this case, haplogical Seminary but who is deter- pens to be a professor in a theologimined to do his bit in making cal seminary and so has not much Christ known to the people of his time for such projects except on country, especially to the farming Sundays. He feels that, by creating class to which he belongs. Believ- the opportunity for Japanese ing himself to be without the spe- 3

brethern and giving only such under terrific economic injustice guidance and assistance as is neces- and many are being forced into the sary, a great deal can be accom- ranks of social radicalism! Some plished. such methods as the one with which we are now experimenting What these Japanese Christian m u s t be put into operation workers receive is very small, be- throughout the length and breadth ing limited by the income of so of Japan. Its thirty million farmsmall a chicken ranch. But they ing people, living in twelve thouraise their own vegetables and it sand villages, must be given the is hoped that soon they will receive Gospel of Christ as the only and contributions of rice. In the rural all-sufficient alternative to social districts there are not so many de- radicalism and as the all-sufficient mands upon the purse as in the remedy for their spiritual troubles. larger towns or cities. In actual cash about one fourth of the There is one other feature of the amount usually paid to a city pas- plan. "How will this scheme link tor or evangelist will be sufficient. up with the native church?" The plan is to foster the growth of an It is hoped that in addition to the organized church in the central directly evangelistic work in the town and, as soon as it has reached surrounding villages, G 0 s pel a stage of sufficient church-conschools may be conducted at this sciousness and stability, to relate it center, during times when the to the Church of Christ in Japan. farmers are at leisure. During The surrounding village work such periods the Bible will be should then become a home mission studied, and other courses will be project, either of the local church given on subjects vitally concern- or of the larger body, the property ing the farmers. They will be being given to the holding company taught methods of making profita- of the Church of Christ in Japan, ble use of the one hundred and or sold to it on an easy instalment sixty days of the year during plan. In the latter case the fund which they now have leisure from thus returned to the mission might their agricultural duties. Day well be used to open another such nurseries may also be started in project in a new community. order to care for the children of mothers who are obliged to spend To those acquainted with simitheir days in the rice fields. lar methods in operation in other mission fields this will not seem to By such service of love the walls be a new experiment, but it is the of prejudice will be broken down first of its kind in Japan. and the farmers will be ready to listen to the spiritual message of Hashimoto-san, to whom we re- Christ. All tines of endeavor must ferred at the beginning, is a young at all times be subservient to the farmer, an adopted son, living with one aim of making Christ known his wife and three children under and making Him real to the peo- the paternal roof in a small village ple. We must win to Christ the within the bounds of the project great farming class which com- described. With two other young prises forty-eight per cent of the men of the same village he believed population of Japan proper (fifty- in Christ and received baptism. five per cent when colonies are in- These three Christians and six cluded). They are staggering other inquirers had been coming to

HASHIMOTO-SAN SIGNED THE PAPER

town each Sunday evening to at- and social conditions in Japan it tend the service. Then the old, would have also been impossible, primitive, conservative Japan as- humanly speaking, for Hashimotoserted itself in the person of the san, with no other training than foster-father of Hashimoto, and that of a farmer, to have found a by ceaseless persecution he ren- means of livelihood. He stated that dered the life of his adopted son if he had only himself to consider miserable until finally, upon threat he could easily die if he could not of being cast out with his family find a means of support. But he from the home, he signed the state- could not believe that God wanted ment denying his Christian faith. him to throw his wife and children out in the cold. This feeling and We might say, "Why did he not his strong sense of giri resulted in let the father cast him out? Would his signing the paper. not God provide for his own? What a testimony he could then As a result of this opposition have given!" It might have been none of the three Christians nor so, but in Japan we have what is the inquirers of that village are called giri. It is a sense of binding able to attend church services now. obligation on account of favors re- But we do not believe that this is ceived. This young man had been the end. Hashimoto-san feels much adopted and reared in that home. like a certain other apostle felt on In view of his giri it was next to a certain occasion. Some day, we impossible for him to follow a believe, he is going to "come course of action contrary to the through" and when that happens expressed command of the father. he will be a power to help build the Had he done so and been cast out church in that village. In the from the home his action would meantime we must work patiently have furnished one more argument on, breaking down that spirit of to be used as a weapon in the hands which Hashimoto-san's father is of the anti-Christian propagand- typical. This will make it easier ists. "See! this Jesus teaching for thousands of other young men leads children to disregard their and women, of whom Hashimotosacred obligations toward their san is typical, to follow the dictates parents." Under present economic of their hearts in matters of faith.

/.~ it time for you, 0 ye, to dwell in your cieled houses, anllthis house lie waste? HAG. 1: 4.

What a message for our modern world! See wha~ we have built! Look at the skyscrapers we have built, the railroads we have built, the automobiles we have built, the aeroplanes we have built, the bridges we have built! We have built everything material, but can you honestly say that we have tried to build religion into the world? And until we try to build religion the way we have built other things there is no use in talking about peace and about prosperity. As long as people spend a thougand dollars on the upkeep of their carg and are satisfied to give ten cents a week to missions, how can you expect that we are going to have peace and progperity in the world? You can take that first chapter of Haggai, translate it verbatim, and you have the case of our modern world.

-RAYMOND CALKINS.

MISSION BOARDS NON-CONDUCTORS? *

BY PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia T HE general principles that the other half of this enterprise, govern the administration of namely, the work of the Church at missionary work are fairly home. This must never be defined simple. Christians have a message as simply contributions in money.

that Jesus Christ came to save men. One who prays for the work faith- We take that message to other fully does much more than a man countries as well as to our own. who simply gives money.

We believe that Eternal Life is A hundred years ago or more, available for all in Arabia, India, some few Christians became inter- China and other lands; and that ested in carrying out Christ's com- this life is their one great need. mand and organized the American Second, this work of proclaiming Board. That was followed by the the divine message is the task of organization of many other boards the entire Church. All are not able until now we have them in practi- to go in' person, but the entire cally everyone of the different de- Church is to pray and to sacrifice nominations. These boards were for this enterprise and so the entire originally the secretaries or cor- Church is to be busy carrying this respondents of the churches which knowledge of Christ to the whole could not easily do the work direct- world. That is the main task of ly. The function of a board is sim- the Church. We were given no com- ply to put into a practical program mission by Christ except this one. the intention and energy of the The contribution which the Church.

Church makes as a whole includes Those boards have grown and prayer and sacrifice-the sacrifice have done their work exceedingly of money and of time and of effort. well. They have stirred up the Wherever we live and work we Church to greater and greater ef- may contribute a part of our lives fort, but their very success has cre- to this enterprise, but those who ated a serious problem. They have carry the message in person may come now to fill the whole mission- be looked upon as contributing ary horizon. I have been in the more, though that is not certain. mission field twenty years and as But essentially in this task there far as our home connections are are only two factors: there is God concerned we have seen almost above and His servants here below. nothing else. In many annual We divide the enterprise most con- meetings, where we sit together to veniently: here there is the work discuss our various problems, I of the missionaries abroad and the have never heard anybody say that work of the Church at home. the churches at home this year can In the work of the missionaries give us only ninety per cent of abroad, we have seen certain im- what they gave last year. As we perfections that profitably might sit in an annual meeting we don't be corrected. Now we will consider see any church, all we see is the Church Board. We are out there sio:~l;r~~11~~~~~~r~~ir.1.nccton on "Our Mis- to do the work of the Church of 756 Christ, and in fact we are simply term the Mission Board. The the Church's representatives. Church sees the board from this A board is a very opaque thing. side and the field sees it from that It should be made more transpar- side, but they do not see each other ent so that the missionary on the as they should.

field can see the Church at home. Wherever we find a circle that He can't now. His financial sup- has sent out one of its own number port comes through the board, and to the mission field and receive let- much more is involved than fi- ters, there you find the warmest nances. If we want to adopt a cer- hearted missionary interest. In my tain policy or make a change in our denomination one county in Iowa constitution, nobody writes home is outstanding in its missionary in- to the churches in America for per- terest and in its gifts and prayers.

mission. The question as to mis- This is because from that county sion policy is of interest to the perhaps a dozen missionaries have churches because this work is their gone out, and are now working in work. But as the missionary en- the different missions. They write terprise is organized we write our letters home so that there is an questions to the board and receive unusual contact between the field our directions from them. abroad and the church at home.

This capacity also shuts off from The result is a tremendous lift in the Church any adequate view of the church life at home, and also the field. I have been busy this past out on the field. It is the contact year going up and down America of love and prayer, but there is not trying to pick up a little of the fi- quite enough sense of responsibil- nancial slack in our own denomi- ity. The actual weight of the en- nation. The people that I have terprise does not rest on those visited have not been impressed people.

with the fact that the Arabian mis- Think of the men who have been sion is in great need of more mon- the outstanding missionary leaders ey, but they have been made to feel in the last twenty years! It has that the board is in debt, and is been the leadership of mission sec- asking for special contributions. retaries and not of missionaries The Church does not seem to know who actually work in the mission about the. great need in India or field.

China, but knows only about the There are reasons for that, many board and its debt. of them good reasons, but the re- Here is a development which is sult is that throughout the Church harmful, because the missionary on there is developing a disquieting the field needs most of all the in- distrust of our present mission ad- spiration that comes from an inti- ministration. I believe that this mate contact with the Church at would not be the case if the mis- home. The Church also needs noth- sionaries themselves were recog- ing perhaps quite so much as to nized as the leaders in the mission- feel the responsibility and the ap- ary enterprise. When missionaries peal of the task out on the field. come home and the Church can see The missionary and the Church do in them the embodiment of the en- not feel this contact as they should terprise, there is a degree of amel- because between them is this ioration of this particular symp- opaque organization which we tom. After the last six and a half

years in Arabia nothing has important to teach people how to alarmed me more than this grow- pray and sacrifice for that entering feeling that I have noticed that prise than it is to work through a the churches at home and the mis- lot of technical minutire such as sionary administration are in some were discussed in Atlantic City. way out of harmony. There is a feeling that money is wasted or The significant point is not the used unwisely in the missionary details on that program but the enterprise. way the churches feel about it. This is illustrated at the moment The accusation is not true for by the extraordinary enthusiasm mission finance is wonderfully well among board secretaries over the handled by Mission Boards, but the Jerusalem Conference while in the thing that alarms me is that this churches I have found no particufeeling is so widespread. At the lar enthusiasm for the results of Atlantic City Missionary Confer- that conference. At the moment I ence these topics were under dis- am not interested in making any cussion: estimate of the Jerusalem findings; the point is that the Church feels Missionary certification and relation one way and the leaders of the misof missionaries to British Government. sionary enterprise feel another way. In that growing separation ExtraterFitoriality and safety of between the Church and its mismissionaries in China. sionary leadership we find one great reason why the support of Religious freedom in Egypt. the enterprise is going down and Legislation in the Portuguese col- not up. onies. Regulation of Christian education But the thing we want to discovin China. er is how such an Unsatisfactory Memorandum of the Mandates Com- situation can be improved. It is mission. safe to say that the missionary en- Central examining office. terprise will be heartily supported Medical survey. with prayer and energy and sacri- Subcommittee study. fice whenever the Church as a whole Lending libraries. is in a state of spiritual exaltation Miscellaneous matter. and revival no matter what the handicaps may be. But if it is true That list of topics comes from a that in these days we are in a state business office. The churches at of spiritual declension, then the home expect to pray for missions missionary enterprise must expect and sacrifice for them. They look a less active support. If that is the on the enterprise as a spiritual case, then it becomes the more imwork, one which stands or falls portant for us to study carefully with its relation to God. When a ways of conserving and using all central conference, which is sup- our spiritual resources. posed to head up the missionary enterprise for counsel, sets up a That argument stretches in two program of that kind, it is not sur- directions. The missionary enterprising to find the churches unin- prise not only makes demands upon terested and unsympathetic. The the Church but it also makes very churches know that in a missionary great contributions to the Church. enterprise we are dealing with a spiritual adventure, with a divine message. It is a good deal more

ARE MISSION BOARDS NON-CONDUCTORS?

So it comes to this: that our policy volume of prayer and of interest in the mission administration at and of sympathy and of underhome should bring to the service of standing in Chicago and in Persia the missionary enterprise abroad very different from what they all of the spiritual resources of the would have otherwise. Fourth Church at home and should also church might also hope to gain a bl'ing to the Church at home all of very great thrill and impetus in its the impetus and uplift and inspira- own spiritual life. They need montion that can come from carrying ey for a new building in Persia. forward missionary work abroad. Who is responsible for that? The Therefore I want to propose some Fourth church is a strong church, definite policies which it seems to and if the officers are convinced me might alter this situation for that such a building is needed they the better, in the fields abroad and will help to provide such a building. in the Church at home. Equally the field will feel the bene- fit of that kind of supervision and A few weeks ago the pastor of sympathy and sacrifice, because if the Fourth Presbyterian church of there is a particularly difficult field Chicago, told me that they have of work there, or a particularly under discussion a very interesting difficult enterprise, they need not plan which, as yet, is only a dream money only for that enterprise, but which I hope will become an they need prayer, they need the actual reality. The plan is for that whole spiritual backing of the church to take on the responsibil- church in America. ity for the mission in Teheran, one of the very promising stations in This is something very different Persia. The unique feature of this from writing a few letters back plan is not simply the privilege of and forth when there is no feeling paying the bills of the station. of responsibility. Moreover the in- There is nothing new about that. timate contact which will result, They are thinking of taking that will have other good effects. That particular field to actually admin- work in Teheran must commend itister the work just as they might self now to the accountants of administer an Italian mission in Fourth church. It will be super- Chicago. That will involve the vised very carefully, and will be sending out of a strong committee pushed forward with more courto look the work over and get an age. The mission will feel special accurate line on its different de- responsibility to the members in partments. It will involve sending the Fourth church. a representative over there frequently to study the situation and When a committee from the bring back a report, and to consid- church visits the field, the missioner changes in the appropriations aries will say: "See what we ought made to different departments of to do! There is this whole province the work-to actually "run" that in Persia, with half a million peostation. ple untouched as yet; it will take ten evangelistic missionaries at Do you see the benefits which least, and two hospitals, and three may be expected from such an ar- schools to occupy that province for rangement? All of the spiritual Christ. That will require an added resources of Fourth church will be budget of seventy-five thousand behind Teheran and there will be a dollars a year." You couldn't send

that request to the board that is in care of areas which it was not easy debt already. But a commission of to adjust in this way.

half a dozen men from Fourth But if we can get fifty per cent church can go back, after they have of our missionary work directly seen the need, and have slept on impinging upon the conscience and the hard stone floors a couple of upon the heart of the churches in nights, so that they can really get this way, we will transform the enthusiastic over this proposal, missionary situation. Moreover they can tell Fourth church that it this will make it easier to care for is absolutely necessary. They will the fifty per cent which remains not call for seventy-five thousand to be administered more or less as dollars; these business men will at present. We have been making show the people how, by business an effort to approximate this result economy and care in organization, and still retain the old organiza- fifty thousand dollars will do the tion. We have the project plan work. whereby a definite work is given We have still to learn what our over to the church, but all the churches can do if we once actually church is asked to do is to pay the show them the thrill of the oppor- bill; the church is not supposed to tunity and can cause them to feel administer the enterprise. We the real responsibility out there in might even get something out of the field. The resources of our the project plan if a church which churches at home are as big as all asks for a project would enthusi- outdoors, but the trouble is that we astically develop it. Here is a hos- do not succeed in getting the actual pital that will cost twenty-five situation to impinge on their hearts hundred dollars a year. If anyone and their consciences a tenth of proposes to send out six thousand, one per cent. There is a way of the board objects because this proj- doing it so that our consecrated lay- ect is a two thousand five hundred men and women in some of these dollar project, and if contributions churches would respond to the exceed that then the extra money need. If we are going to delegate will be put into the general treas- this responsibility to boards, if we ury for other things. It sounds all are going to look at it through two right but it is wrong. The church or three intermediaries, we will must feel the weight of its respon- get nowhere. That is a great trou- sibility, and have the opportunity ble with us now. of enthusiastically meeting it. We It is obvious that at first only must bring the field into vital con- the stronger churches could under- tact with the church and the church take a thing of this sort. A church into contact with the field, without would also need to have some pros- any opaque partition between pect of continuing a strong church. which hinders either one from see- But there are many churches that ing the other, and from gaining could safely be entrusted with that spiritual impetus from the other.

type of enterprise and there are Working as I do in an old and many different types of stations. very conservative denomination, A number of small churches might I have been surprised to discover carry the responsibility of some how much of a growing appeal is area abroad, and a central body made by the Faith Missions. I vis- ~ould pick up the slack and ta~e ited recently a church in Holland,

1931J ARE MISSION BOARDS NON-CONDUCTORS?

Michigan. That church supports ary. If the missionaries act that two missionaries. One is a mem- way, then it will be impossible to ber of our own mission and one is keep up missionary interest. a "faith missionary, so-called," working in South America. The I was talking with a minister church provides her salary and the who was working faithfully to salary of the other missionary. I maintain the interest of his church asked the minister which money in a missionary whose salary they they found the easier to raise. He paid. They had written many letsaid it was much easier to raise the ters but received no reply. If the salary of the "faith missionary." church failed to pay that mission- There is a simple reason for it. The ary's salary and he went hungry, church members feel that they are then he would be writing some letdirectly responsible for her, for ters. After all, it is the church there is no board that can take care that works out there in Arabia and of her. If the money does not come India and China, and success dein, she will go hungry. pends upon putting the sacrifice and prayer and interest of the I am not defending the method church into it. God's power, I supof Faith Missions as above our pose, could work out there regardown. They are doing a very small less of the church at home, but He fraction of the missionary work of has commissioned His church to do the church. God has chosen the the work. We find the power of more conventional method for His God released in the foreign mislarger tasks so far as we can see. sionary enterprise on the field ex- actly in proportion as the church But it remains that they have at home prays for it and sacrifices something to teach us. The faith for it. For the good of the church missionary also feels the respon- at home and for the success of the sibility of her position and main- work on the field it is important tains her contact better with the that we bring these two partners church at home. That is the other together. It is a matter of the utside. Under the present arrange- most importance to devise practical ment the missionary writes let- means of doing so. They are not ters to the board in place of to the beyond our reach, and I think they church. His salary and his appro- can be begun tomorrow in many priations do not depend on his churches in your own denominalive contact with the church. tion. Working out from that as a beginning, we can revise our whole Missionaries are guilty of many missionary plan of administration sins of omission. I was talking in a way that will revive the church to a man in New York City. He at home and will promote the evangave to a missionary a printing gelization of the nations abroad. press and type and many supplies. We will enjoy the blessing of God Its receipt was not even acknowl- in doing it. edged. The donor never heard a word from that "grateful" mission-

Laymen's Foreign Missions honesty and good judgment

in their report. It will be worse than Inquiry useless to try mechanically to apply Before sailing for the Far East to secular business aims, principles, make their intensive study of foreign standards and methods to the spiritual missions in India, China, and Japan, work of the Church. No laymen's the thirteen Commissioners of the in- commission of inquiry could have ap- terdenominational Laymen's Foreign praised correctly the work of Jesus Missions Inquiry met at Lake Mo- Christ or the apostles in the first cen- honk, New York, (September 9th to tury.

16th) for a week's conference. The results of this Laymen's In- The task of the Commissioners will quiry will be disastrous if faults are be to appraise the facts regarding for- overlooked or glossed over for fear lest eign missions as revealed by the field adverse criticism have a bad effect on workers of the Institute of Social and givers at home. The h()me constitu- Religious Research, and to prepare a ency must feel assured that the in- report based on these preliminary vestigation will be honest at all costs studies and on the experience of the and that the full report of the Com- Commission in the Far East. The mission will be published. Mission purpose of the Inquiry is to evaluate boards will be expected to act on the the activities of missions in India, recommendations without fear or China and Japan, to note the effect of favor.

missions on the life of Orientals, and The subjects of inquiry by this to work out a practical present-day Commission may well include answers missionary program. to the following questions: The Commission is made up of care- 1. Have Christian missions, as confully selected business and profes- ducted today, as their main objective, sional men and three women-there the purpose for which they were origmight have been more women. They inally established-to make Christ and His salvation known to all people? are supposed to conduct an unprejudiced, honest, thorough and friendly 2. Which forms of mission work are investigation of the way missionary most effective in ~inning men to intelli- gent, open and whole-hearted allegiance work is being conducted, the use of to Christ? mission funds, the type of mission- (le3a. dWinghatmendefinintiote hasrmpiorintyualwitrhesGulotds 'through Christ) are evident in medical, aries most effective and the real re- educational, industrial, social and preachsuIts of Protestant missionary effort.

In view of the changes that have ing4. wForrokm? the standpoint of Christian evangelism, is too large a proportion of taken place in mission lands in the time, money and personnel devoted to inpa·st twenty-five years, and in view of some hasty criticisms made by trav- stitutional work? elers, it is time that such an inquiry was made on the field. The value of 5. Are interdenominational mISSIon ctioalnlegmesissainodnaurnyivaegresnictiieess?effective Christhe findings of the Commissioners will be in proportion to their understand- 6. Are government subsidies and union ing of the true objective and spirit of with government institutions a help or a Christian missions, the thoroughness hindrance to mission schools and hosof their study and the fearlessness, pit7a. lAs-rferosmhorat mteirsmsiomniasrsyiopnoairnyt otefavciheewr?s and doctors effective missionaries?

762

TOPICS O}' THE TIMES

8. What is the result of sending to the tute, Dr. John R. Mott, of New York, field men and women who have doubts Mr. Kenneth Maclennan and Mr. F. H. as to the authority and truth of the Bi- Hawkins of London. ble and the unique supremacy of Christ or who have not the primary objective of Many of the Commissioners, their winning non-Christians to Christ? wives, and secretarial staff sailed from New York on September 29th, and ex- 9. Spiritually and evangelically what pect to spend the latter part of Ocis the effect of large proportions of non- tober, November, December, and Jan- Christian students and of non-Christian uary, in India. The party will then teachers in mission schools and colleges? proceed to China and Japan. The re- sults of the Inquiry are to be published 10. How can workers and money be and are expected to afford the laymen used more effectively to accomplish the of America a basis for deciding inpurpose for which Christ came to earth telligently upon their personal relaand for which He commissioned His dis- tionship and responsibility to the misciples? sionary enterprise.

11. How can the Church at home be Without doubt the Commissioners kept in closer and more sympathetic will study the subject honestly, sympatouch with the work and the workers on thetically and intelligently. They need the field?

12. How much autonomy should be given to missions and National Churches; what relation has autonomy to self-support?

The denominations participating in the earnest prayers and cooperation of this Inquiry include the Presbyterian all Christians at home and on the for- Church in the U. S. A., the Dutch Re- eign field in their difficult task. Above formed Church in America, the United all they need spiritual insight and the Presbyterian, the Methodist Episcopal, guidance of God to clarify their vision the Congregational, the Protestant and their judgments.

Episcopal, and the Northern Baptist.

The Commissioners are: China's Catastrophe Dr. William Ernest Hocking, Chairman, Alford Professor of Philosophy at Deluge, de,struction, death, pesti- Harvard University, and Mrs. Hocking. lence and plague are some of the terms Dr. Clarence A. Barbour, President of used to describe the recent destruc- Brown University. Edgar H. Betts of Troy, N. Y. tion in China by devastating floods. Dr. ArIo A. Brown, President of Drew If one would apprehend the disaster University, Madison, N. J. that has befallen that land and peo- Dr. Charles Phillips Emerson, Profes- ple, we must recall that central eastern sor of Medicine and Dean of the Medical School of the University of Indiana. China is a vast delta, the surface soil of which has been carried down dur- Dr. Henry S. Houghton, Dean of the Medical College of the University of ing the centurie,s by the two great Iowa. Dr. Rufus M. Jones, Professor of rivers, the Yellow from the north and Philosophy at Haverford College. the Yangtse from the west. Here and Dr. William Pierson Merrill, pastor there are low ranges of hills sloping of the Brick Church in New York. toward the sea, but in the main, all Albert L. Scott of New York City. is a vast plain extending in places a Mr. and Mrs. Harper Sibley of Rochester, N. Y. thousand miles westward from the Yellow Sea and hundreds of miles Dr. Henry C. Taylor, Burlington, Vt. . Miss Woodsmall, Y. W. C. A. Executive. from north to south. The surface be- Dr. Frederick C. Woodward, Dean of tween is so level that the Chinese the Faculties of the University of Chicago. engineers found it possible centuries ago to dig the Grand Canal across the With the Commissioners at Lake country from the one great river to Mohonk were the Directors of the In- the other, thus forming a strategic in- quiry representing the seven partici- land waterway for the transportation pating denominations, Directors of the of rice and other commodities. It is Institute of Social and Religious Re- this widespread region, the roost pop- search, the field workers of the Insti- ulous in China, that is largely sub-

merged today. A semiofficial dis- constant wars of recent year·s these patch from Nanking, states that have frequently been left unrepaired. "50,000,000 persons in sixteen prov- This year the great Yangtse rose inces are in distress or adversely af- above its former highest recorded fected" by the disaster. mark of 50 feet 5 inches and poured its sediment laden waters pitilessly Midsummer is naturally the rainy upon the populace, especially in the season in the region and the month of congested centres of the poor. Soon July was this year unprecedentedly consternation and calamity were hot. Thermometers for weeks regis- everywhere rampant. Some recalling tered well over the hundred mark and former year·s thought to stem the flood in some sections reached 107 degrees by taking refuge upon beds and tables. in the shade. The rains were torren- That proving inadequate, they retial; cloud-bursts were frequent and moved to the small lofts or out upon thunder, lightning and deluge ran on the roofs, only to find the inexorable intermittantly for days and nights. waters still following. Then slowly foundations settled, the mud walls The result was that the rivers rose gave way and the unfortunates after and overflowed their banks, backing enduring hours of blistering sun or up the waters in numerous tribu- the pelting of the storm, were hurled taries, spreading dire disaster. The helples·sly into the depths below. Yellow River is reported to have risen in places eighty-five feet, causing her The majority, however, more fortubanks to crumble as rarely before, nately warned, made their way to the while the Yangtse attained to levels embankments and there found safety. unknown since the 40's and 60's of last The best of these proved to be the century. elevated roadbed of the Hankow- Peiping railway line. Along this they The Yellow River, being largely un- filed in endless procession dragging navigable has few cities along its with them their children and the few course, so that the destruction there possessions salvaged from the destruchas been chiefly sustained by smaller tion of their homes, until it is estitowns, villages and widespread rural mated a quarter of a million unfortuareas. The Yangtse, on the contrary, nates were huddled along its sides is navigable for sea-going craft from and surface. Even then the margin the coast to Hankow, some six hun- of safety was small and at one time dred miles inland and f.or steamers of only a narrow six inches stood besmaller size far into the interior. tween them and destruction. Scores of great cities, such as Shanghai, Nan kin g, Hankow, Ichang, Hankow is a treaty port and has Chungking, and innumerable towns British, French, Russian, German and line its shores, so that it may be Japanese settlements. These suffered readily realized what inundation in less, being on somewhat higher ground such an area must mean. and more adequately protected by dykes and pumps. Yet even in the The situation at Hankow may well British quarter all was inundated and serve as illustration. We think of it ·communication was chiefly by small as one city, but it is really three, Han- sanpans, the people living upstairs in kow proper to the west, at the mouth their houses and making entrance and of the Han River, Hanyang its twin exit not infrequently by their upstair city on the east side, and the great windows and balconies. Under such capital, Wuchang, just across the conditions the plight in the native Yangtse to the south. The population quarters was appalling. There semiclustered there runs into the millions. stagnant water after a time covered all to the tops of the tile roofed homes Floods having occurred periodically while all about floated straw and reffor generations, native governors have use, wooden utensils and bits of furconstructed what they thought to be adequate defenses by erecting sea walls and cross dykes, but owing to the

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

niture, and in the midst of the flotsam been seeking stability through civil and jetsam, the now risen and decay- strife. Their ancient gods have ing carcasses of pigs and poultry, proved powerless and they have not dogs, cats and rats, and the bloated yet learned the way of Christ in time bodies of the unfortunate. Salvaging of trouble. Let American Christians squads went to and fro constantly in help China-generously and unselfish- boats seeking to remove some but who ly-proving that there is a better way could adequately cope with such swift and a better spirit than that of Bol- and swelling disaster! shevism and that God not atheism There is no one in many cases left shows the way to life and truth and to tell of the catastrophes that befell. brotherhood.

Others surviving tell the usual at- tempts to climb to the roofs as the Remember the Missionaries floods rose, or the mad clamor for lofts in local temples and the slowly Probably no Christians experience crumbling mud walls surrounding the 'voluntarily "the joy of doing without" village-then one by one or in groups as generally as do the missionaries on the frontiers. A visit to the homes of the end came. A traveller by one of the last trains many in the southern mountains, on that made its way from Peiping to the western plains, in the interior Nanking, tells of the express crawling towns of China, Korea, Japan, Burma, through the' last two hundred miles Siam, India, Mesopotamia and the Isof its course while on both sides so lands of the Sea revealed the courage far as the eye could see lay nothing and cheer with which miSSionaries forego innumerable comforts and consave a waste of waters. Here and veniences which we in America have there tops of houses, window arches come to look upon as necessities. In or trees emerged, or a floating straw many case-s these comforts that would roof on which hens perched as a last add to health and efficiency are not obrefuge. The track itself was lined tainable in the country of their adopmile after mile with forlorn groups, tion; more often the cost is prohibiclinging, crying pitifully, or sitting tive for a missionary's salary supplies stolidly amid a few quilts, pots and little more than the bare cost of living. children, awaiting what the fates may We saw many of them wearing old bring. Already some 500,000 have clothes, using old and worn out furdied as a result of the flood. nishings, enjoying few books and al- most no magazines, able to take few A staggering catastrophe indeed, rest periods and saving in every way and this to one of 'our neighbors! to give their children an education and There will assuredly be vast need for health advantages. foodstuffs, building material and all the welfare work which the modern world can command. Now is the time to remember our JAMES L. STEWART. home and foreign missionaries for What Shall We Do ~ Christmas. No one who has not been away from home and intimate friends Now is the time for America, with for several years can imagine the its surplus of wealth and abundant heart-warming joy with which these crops, to prove a friend to China. absentees at the front receive mes- The 400,000,000 of that great land sages and other remembrances from have always been poor. Recently, friends at home. These gifts seem to war, banditry, famine and plague have bridge the chasm and put a new glow brought additional sorrows. No won- into life.

der the impoverished people listened Most of those interested in Chris- to Russia and believed that Bolshevism tian missions have ·s·ome friends or might prove a way out of their diffi- correspondents on the field. Many culties. They were misled and have churches have their own representa-

tives and are nDt content with merely Mission Board if you are in doubt. a formal and cDrpDrate remembrance. Study the field and the needs and taste Now is the time tD prepare and send of the ones tD whom you send. Pack cards, letters and gifts tD these ab- carefully but do not seal and mark sent, self-sacrificing workers. They "Gift-not to be opened until Christare not CDmplaining of hardship; they mas." are nDt alone but they deeply appreciate the clasp of a friendly hand frDm Above all write a lDving word of across the land Dr sea. Here are a greeting and remember the missionfew suggestions for Christmas gifts: aries and their wDrk in prayer-un- derstanding, sympathetic prayer. This 1. MDney fDr their own needs Dr they value above all. for their work. Many take from their meager salaries to make up for cuts Bondage and Freedom in appropriations. TWD hundred millions of our human 2. BDoks and magazines-only the brothers and ·sisters are bound by the best and mDst whDlesDme-not modern fetters of caste. Millions of them are trash. BiDgraphy, classics, recreation- in the chains of poverty, ignorance, al reading, SDme serious and inspira- superstitiDn, degradation, social ostratiDnalliterature; good children's bDoks cism-this is the effect of modern and bDDks Dn child training. Hinduism.

3. Things that WDmen appreciate One hundred and fifty million are and find it hOard tD prDcure in out-Df- under the pall of a hDpeless pessimism the-way places-handkerchiefs, scarfs, that is permeated with atheism. They aprons, stockings, stationery, etc. seek peace through negation; they seek release through extinction. This 4. Things for the horne-table and is the fruit of Buddhism. bed linen, soap, rugs, pins and sewing kits, throw-downs, bureau scarfs, pic- Two hundred million are in bondage tures, etc. to fatalism. They conceive God as an oriental pDtentate and their religion is 5. Gifts for children-toys, dDlls, a mixture of idealism and materialism, garnes, books, pictures, and apprDpri- Df law and lust, of faith and blind fate. ate clothing, caps, ribbons, etc. This is the product Df Islam.

6. Gifts for men-fDuntain pens, Three hundred million are chained magazine-pencils, ties, handkerchiefs, tD the dead past and to a superstitious kit of tDols. fear of the spirits of the dead. They have law without a gDspel, ethics with- 7. Mi·scellaneDus – cDlored picture out life and love-such is the fruit of rolls, pictures, attractive Christmas Confucianism. and Easter cards that can be used, scrapboDks fDr hospitals and for nur- One hundred and fifty million are series, kindergarten supplies, music, kept in bondage by fear of evil spirits. victrola and records, typewriter, ther- They are ignDrant and unenlightened, mos bottles and jugs (unbreakable), enslaved to fetiches, witch-dDctDrs and bags and traveling conveniences, new superstition. This is the prDduct of cloth, seeds. Animism.

Remember to send these gifts and All men, Df every race and tribe messages in ample time tD reach re- and natiDn are under bDndage to sincipients before Christmas-send at unless they have been set free. least six weeks or tWD months or more in advance for fDreign lands and tWD Christ Jesus came to set everyone weeks for American pDints by mail- free from sin, fear, superstitution and longer by freight or express. hatred. He has brought light to en- lighten the world; He has made it Address clearly and accurately and pDssible to break the bonds of sin, has declare the value. Fully prepay and, opened spiritual prisons and stricken if gifts are dutiable, send money to the off fetters of evil. He has given purity missionaries tD pay the duty. Ask the

for lust; faith for fear, and love for Commander Evangeline Booth, of malice. the Salvation Army, recalls the time when they spent Saturday nights pick- "If the Son shall make you free, ye ing up hundreds of drunks on the Bowshall be free indeed." Have we been ery in New York. Now there are set free? If so, it is that we may help comparatively few. The temptation is to free others by making Christ and taken away from thousands of weak His salvation known to them. men and women, who do not wish to be besotted. Has Prohibition Failed? "Wash One Another's Feet" Harold H. Kelley, of the Seaman's Church Institute in Los Angeles, who "Did Jesus mean these words literhas spent most of his life in work on ally?" asks the Rev. H. J. Sheets, in the waterfront, says: The Indian Witness. The ceremony is practiced, in a formal way, annu- "My experience, assures me that dry ally, in Jerusalem by officials of the law observance and enforcement is im- Greek Orthodox Church, by the Arproving. I carried papers on the wa- menian Church with silver pitchers terfront in San Francisco in the 'gay and basins, by the old Syrian Church nineties' and knew the saloons and and by the Roman Catholic Church in· rampant drunkenness thoroughly. San Italy. These rites are a commemo- Pedro, port of Los Angeles, was tor- ration but are not in obedience to the merly notorious among seafaring men Spirit gf Christ's command. Mr. as the toughest small port on the coast. Sheets gives a very suggestive in- Drunks were everywhere, saloons were terpretation proposed by an Indian many and wide open, and it was re- Christian preacher. Mr. Sheets says: puted unsafe for a lady to venture near the docks alone. We are safe and At the close of a Sunday morning sane here now. service a Brahman said to me, "What you preach is very good. I too have "Our institute receives about 500 learned to respect and even love your visits per day from merchant seamen. Yisu Masih (Jesus Christ.) But why. Frequently several days will pass with don't you do what He did? Startled I no man entering intoxicated, and five lifted up my eyes to the picture to which drunks a day would surprise us. Even he was pointing. It depicted Jesus washthat would be only one per cent. Sel- ing the feet of His disciples. dom does one see a drunken person. This despite the fact that about 30,000 Before I could reply, the Indian pastor merchant seamen enter this port each turned to the Brahman with the words, month, and that about half of each "Baboo Ji, that's exactly what we are year the United States battIe tIeet with doing. You say you Brahmans, the about 15,000 men is based here. A priestly class, sprang from the head of uniformed service man intoxicated is the Creator, that the Kshattri, the wara rarity nowadays, whereas navy tra- rior class, sprang from his arms, that dition has it that in the old saloon days the Vaishya, the merchant class, sprang it was normal for twenty per cent of from his waist, and that the Sudra, the those returning aboard from shore low-caste, untouchable, sprang from his leave to be drunk. feet? We are working among this last class and by our teaching, our healing, "The decade since the 18th amend- we are cleansing the low caste, body, ment was adopted shows immense im- mind and soul, and thus are washing the provement. A new generation is grow- feet of India." ing up which never saw a saloon. Very few of 'our younger seamen are drink- The preacher continued, "And Baboo ing. Eighty-five per cent of the wa- Ji, the day is coming when you will terfront drinking here is accomplished look upon India's 'feet' and find them so by about thirty "repeaters" known to clean, that you too will turn to Jesus and the police. They are virtually bums." like Peter, cry out, 'Lord, not my feet only, but also my hands and my head.'''

The example of Jesus lay not in the form of the act, but in the spirit which prompted it. It is the principle of self- sacrificing service which is involved.

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

THE STRANGER WITHIN THY GATES By HALLADAY WOODS, PH.D., Ridgewood, N. J.

MISSION STUDY COURSE ON THE RURAL FIELDS OF THE NATIONAL MISSION BOARDS THE SOUTHERN HIGHLANDERS people using a single sheet tears or soils it. Cards stand up bet- OBJECT: To awaken interest in and ter and are more easily handled. give information about the The material referred to on the Southern Highlanders in Amer- cards is displayed on the tables, ica and so to lead to an apprecia- one for fiction, one for magazine tion and support of the work articles, etc. Material should be done by the National Mission clearly marked whether it is to be Boards in that field. used in the room or to be taken out on library cards. LENGTH OF THE COURSE: Three meet- ings. Card Number One~General Books: TYPE OF THE COURSE: Three divisions: 1. Preliminary Period C: "The Southern Highlander and His Homeland," by John C. Cambell To arouse interest and give a (Russell Sage Foundation, 1921).* background for the study pe- riods. K: "Our Southern Highlanders," by Horace Kephar (Outing Pub. Co., Starts one month previous to the 1923) . following periods. HC: "Folk Songs of the South," by John 2. Study Period Harrington Cox (Harvard Univer- sity Press, 1925). Forum discussions on the prob- lems in the field. J: "Highways and Byways," by Clifton Johnson (Macmillan, 1904). Three discussion periods of fifty minutes each. Card Number Two: 3. Lecture Period The Home of the Southern High- landers- Lectures or slides or moving pic- tures on the way in which this Map C: Pg. 12. problem is being met by the Church Boards. Location- C: 10; 19. DETAILED ANALYSIS OF THE THREE K: 50; 53; 354. PERIODS. Regional description- 1. Preliminary Period C: 335; 348.

LIBRARY MATERIAL: Climate- K: 71-72; 217-219. C: 243.

TraveI- K: 14; 24-27; 196; 299.

Arrangements are made in the local The Southern Highlanders- library for a table or roam to be Origin- reserved for the members of the K: 16-18; 145-152; 211; 379-380. class. Here the following infor- C: 23; 56; 71.

mation is mounted on cards. We • 'rho initials in front of the title will be the suggest cards, for the number of ~:ltelret~~~d~: which that book is referred to on 768

METHODS FOR WORKERS

Poor Whites- "Kentucky Experiment in Reading"; K: 356-359. Library Journal, 50: 954, November J: 96-120. 15, 1925. Mountain Highlanders- "Heredity"; Atlantic, 144: 349, Septem- K: 360-377. J: 121-146. ber, 1929. "Buncombe County's Excellent Work for Types and classes- C: 86-89. Adult Illiterates"; School Life, 12: 176, May, 1927. Population- "My Little Learning": Atlantic, 135: C: 79-81. 749, June, 1925.

Language– Religion- C: 144-147. K: 276. K: 266-273. American Speech As Practised in C: 176; 189. Highlands; Century Magazine, 117: 617-623, March, 1929. Churches– Elizabethan America; A t I ant i c C: 188-194; 152-172. Monthly, 144: 238-244, August, 1929. Backwoods Morality- Outlook, 151: 65, January 9, 1929. Prohibition- Outlook, 146: 1384, July 20, 1927, and Card Number Three: 150: 1350, December 19, 1928. Colliers, 77: 10, May 22, 1926, and Short Stories on the People (from A rnerican Mercury, 12: 431-434, De- magazines) – cember, 1927. "River Road"; Atlantic, 143: 452-461, Present Conditions- April, 1929. K: 188-190; 380-395. "Shady Cove'" Atlantic 145: 205-221, C: 244; 300-322. February, '1930. "Change Comes to the Appalachians"; '

Current History, 31: 961-967, Feb- "Shame"; Bookman, 70: 374-384, Decem- ruary, 1930. "Southern Mountaineers, Past, Present, ber, 1929. and Future"; MISSIONARY REVIEW, "Valley Folks"; Atlantic, 143: 646-653, 51: 198, March, 1928. May, 1929. Education- "Down Yan"; Mentor, 16: 33, August, C: 260; 264-298. "Clinic the Neighbors Built"; Survey, 1928. "Snake Night Up Posey Holler"; At- 64: 73, April 15, 1930. lantic, 142: 309-316, September, 1928. "How a Possum Starts a School"; Lit- Short Stories and Novels- erary Digest, 102: 22-23, September John Fox 28, 1929. "Overcoming the Will of God in the Ken- "Little Shepherd of Kingdom Come." tucky Mountains"; Hygeia, 8: 539- 541, June, 1930. "The Kentuckians." "Affairs on Turkey Knob"; Hygeia, 8: "The Heart of the Hills." 119-122, February, 1930. "Christmas Eve on Lonesome" (The .Last "Public Works"; Survey, 62: 476, Aug- ust 1, 1929. Stetsom and the Pardon of Becky "V{)cational Education in the Southern Day). Mountains"; Education, 50: 429, March, 1930. Charles Egbery Craddock (Miss "What a Possum Brought to Dark Hol- Murfee) low"; Litm'ary Digest, 104: 26, March 15, 1930. ' "In the Tennessee Mountains." "Health Project on Yan Side of the "The Prophet of the Great Smoky Moun- Mountain"; Hygeia, 4: 7-10, Jan- uary, 1926. tain." "Nurse on Horse Back"; l'Vornan's Jour- "The Juggler!' nal, 13: 5-7, February, 1928, and Literary Digest, 96; 29, March 31, Ellen Glasgow 1928. "Story of Buckhorn Kentucky"; MIS- "Barren Ground." SIONARY REVIEW, 49: 538, July, 1926. "Moonlight Lady"; Pictorial Review, Alice MacGowan 25: 5-7, January, 1926. "Judith of the Cumberlands." 4 2. Study Period FORUM DISCUSSIONS: Small groups under leader. It is advisable to give the leader a list of 20 to 25 individuals to whom he can give assignments. The more people who have some part in the work the

greater the interest will be. But no WORK AMONG SOANDINAVIAN assignment should be more than five minutes. A long paper given by one SETTLEMENTS person on any part of the field will kill the discussion. Three- or four- Card Number One: minute reports on the customs, the langtiage, etc., and then a digest of History and Description*: these reports by the leader to form the basis for discussion. NORWAY If possible, have several small "Norway," Hammer. gro;ups rather than one large one. "History of the Norwegian People," This enables the members of the group to have a common interest. For ex- Gjerset. ample, a group of the men and of the "Things Seen in Norway," Hammer. women and of the young people would "Norway," Gathorne Hardy. have different lines of approach. We "The Story of Norway," Hjalmar Borjelist a group of discussion for two classes. One for the men and one for son. the women. "Norwegian Towns and Villages," R. M.

GROUP NUMBER ONE-WOMEN: McBride. "Norway Jungman," Beatrix (good for First Meeting- pictures of Norway). The Land and the People- "Norway and the Norwegians," Geo- The Location of the Southern High- lands. graphic Magazine, 45: 647-696, June, The Origin of the People: Georgia 1924. Crackers; Poor Whites; Southern Highlanders; Mill Folk. SWEDEN Second Meeting- "Book About Sweden," Asbrink. "History of Sweden," Hallendorf. The Character of the People: "Sweden," Heathcote. Language, customs, home life, position "Wayfarer in Sweden," Whyte. of women. "Swedish Scenery"; Mentor Magazine, Third Meeting<- 17: 23-32, April, 1929. "Swedish Nation"; Fortune, 130: 719- Ethical standards. Churches and church schools. 720, November, 1928. Educational work. "Soul of Sweden"; Living Age, 334: 119- Present conditions and needs. 127, January 5, 1928. GROUP NUMBER Two-MEN: "Bounty of Sweden"; Dial, 77: 181-199, First Meeting- September, 1924. "Land of Selma Lagerloff"; Living Age, The Changing South- Industrial condition as it affects the 319: 40-42, October 6, 1923. Southern Highlander. Cotton, agriculture, lumber. Card Number Two: Second Meeting- The Life and Character of the Peo- ple- Latent Possibilities in the Highlands. State and Federal Grants. NORWAY Educational Problems. "Aspects 9f Norwegian Life"; Travel, Third Meeting- 40: 5-9, February, 1923.

My Brother's Keeper- "Children of Loneliness"; Survey, 36: Our obligation to this group in Amer- 567-571, September 2, 1916. ica. My Brother's Keeper, "Am I? Moral- "Norway and the Norwegians"; Geo- ity says, Yes. Good manners say, graphic Magazine, 45: 647-696, June, No. What shaH we say?" 1924.

"Norwegian at Home"; Illustrated World, 38: 540-544, December, 1922.

"The Growth of the Soil and Hunger," by Hamsun (apotheosis of hus- bandry).

"Kristin Lavransdatter," Undset (me- direval life).

• If the local library does not have the books listed It Is possIble to secure their loan through the Congressional or State Library. The more books on the one subject that are available, the less possibility will there be of one book being in use and so that particular field closed for further reading. If you have aroused the interest of a p~rson enough to get him to the library to look for a book, it Is advisable to have enough copies on the subject so that he wlll read further.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

"The Son Avenger," Undset (rural life). "Norsemen'in America and at Home"; "Peace," Garborg (every-day life). Review of Reviews, 73: 175-178, Feb- "The People of Juvik and the Trough of ruary, 1926.

the Wave," Garborg (peasant life), "Heirs to the Vikings in America" (char- "The Last of the Vikings," Bojer (fisher- acter of the first immigrants); Cur- rent History Magazine, New York men a few decades ago). Times, 23: 616, 1925, (good). "The Immigrants," Bojer (the character "And West Is West" (Norwegians in of the pioneer immigrants). United States); Saturday Evening Post, 196: 12-13, March 15, 1924. SWEDEN "And East Is East Sweden in U. S."; "Wayfarer in Sweden," Whyte. Saturday Evening Post, 196: 6-7, "National Life in Swedish Literature"; February 23, 1924.

Nation, 106: 342-343, March 28, 1918. "Swedes in U. S."; Literary Digest, "Swedish Life and Character"; Mentor, 60: 34, January 25, 1919.

.17: 23-32, April, 1929. "Swedish Protest from Seattle"; Nation, "Sweden's Royal Family"; Mentor, 17: 108: 719, May 3, 1919.

33-35, April, 1929. "America Through Swedish Glasses" ; "Soul of Sweden"; Living Age, 334: Ind., 118: 484; May 7, 1927.

119-127, January 5, 1928. "Norwegians in U. S."; Literary Digest, "Swedish Nation"; Fortune, 130: 719- 60: 39, February 8, 1919.

720, November, 1928. "Norway's Contribution in Education"; "At Court of King Gustaf" (the social Edueation, 45: 513-522, May, 1925.

life and customs); Pictorial Review, "Background of Swedish Immigration"; 32: 17, April, 1931. A merican History Review, 31: 708- "Sweden, Land of Democracy"; Living 723, July, 1926. Age, 323: 670-673, June 27, 1925. "The Wonderful Adventure of Nils," "The Swedes Among Us"; American Lagerlof (for the life of Sweden). Mercury, 8: 9-13, May, 1926. "Jerusalem," Lagerlof (for peasant of Dalecarlia) . "New York Versus Stockholm"; Living "God's Orchid," Bergman, Hjalmar (life Age, 329: 685, June 26, 1926. in a small town), "Peter Egge," Solstad Hansins (more The Scandinavian in America – recent peasant novel). Novels Card Number Three: "Pure Gold," "Peder Victorious," "Giants Scandinavian Literature– of the Earth," Rolvaag.

"Scandinavian Literature," Larsen (a "Red Rust," Canon, J. C. good outline). "So Big," Ferber.

"Best Books in English on Norway"; 1. Preliminary Period Library Journal, 55: 176, February 15, 1930 (very good). POSTER MATERIAL: Four Norwegian novelists-Bojer, Gar- Posters to arouse interest in bory, Hamsun, Knick. Scandinavians- "Norway's Best Stories," Larsen, Ham- rna Astrip (editor). The following firms will supply posters free or for a nominal charge: "Swedish Best Stories," Larsen, Hamma Astrip (editor). NORWAY: "Swedish Drama," Strindberg. Norwegian American Line, 22 White- "Swedish Poetry," Sotrk, C. W. hall St., New York City. Jacob "Drama in Norway"; Living Age Maga- Steffens.

zine, 334: 86, July, 1928. SWEDEN: "National Life in Swedish Literature"; Swedish State Railways, 551 Fifth Nat ion Magazine, 106: 342-343, Avenue, New York City. March 28, 1918. "Swedish Novelists," Undset, Lagerlof. Swedish American Line, 21 State St., "Science, Art and Literature"; Mentor, New York City. 11 : 38-40, April, 1923. 2. Study Period Card Number Four: FORUM DISCUSSIONS Scandinavians in America – Maga- Group Number One-Women First Meeting; zines The Scandinavians at home– "The Marriage of Nations"; Review of The history of the countries. Reviews, 79: 78, May, 1929. The character of the people and their literature. "Vikings of the Middle West" (by Rol- vaag; very good); American Maga- zine, 108: 44-47, October, 1929.

Second Meeting: partment, General Council Presby- The Scandinavian~ at home con- terian Church in U. S. A., 156 Fifth tinued and the emigration to Avenue, New York City. Arne rica- Social and religious life of the Lecture No. ZZN, "To Keep America people in America. Christian," 65 slides, illustrating all Cause and date of immigration; phases of the work of National Mis- type of pioneer. sions.

Third Meeting: Lecture No. 27N, "Landmarks and Cor- The Scandinavian in America- ner.stones." How National Missions The settlement in Arne ric a; grew up. States settled. The social and religious life in Lecture No. 18N, "At Work with the America. Immigrant." The Old World back- Their contribution to American grounds from which the immigrant life. has come; of his new life in Amer- Their needs and problems. ica.

Group Number Two-Men Lecture No. 6N, "The Little Towns and the Open Country." Rural life as First Meeting: a whole; the problems it presents; The Melting Pot- the relation of the church to every- Emigration to U. S. The Quota. day life of the people. Northern and Southern Euro- peans. Material for general lectures: Second Meeting: Article, "Home Missions and the Modern The Farmers of the Middle West. World," by Carl Wallace Petty. The Farm Party, Past and Present. Given at the National Home Mis- sions Congress and published by Third Meeting: Council of Women for Home Mis- The Farmers of the Middle West sions and the Missionary Education (continued) . Movement, New York City. The Farm Party, Present and Fu- ture. The following chapters from "The Ad- ventures of Mr. Friend," by Harold 3. Third Period-General Lecture Hunting: A Square Deal for Apple Growers, The Church and World Suggested material: Farmers. Stereopticon lectures can be obtained The following chapters from "God and from the Central Distributing De- the Census," by Robert McLean: The Church and the Community, The Fight for Civic Righteousness, There Had to Be Schools, -The Church and Bread and Butter, Why Does the Enterprise Lag, This Means Me.

A SERIES OF WORSHIP SERVIOES* (In Outline) For Missionary Meetings on Rural Peoples and Problems (For Young People or Adults) Arranged by Mrs. Myron S. Collins, Editorial Sponsor of The Kappa Phi Candle Bewm, Morgantown, W. Va.

JESUS AND NATURE But one-but on~h Son most dear, Where he could feed and comfort many And perfect image of the Love Unseen, a guest. Walked every day in pastures green And all his life the quiet waters by With him the lily shared Reading their beauty with a tranquil eye. The real joy that breathes itself in To Him the desert was a place prepared bloom; For weary hearts to rest; And every bird that sang beside the nest The hillside was a temple blest, Told of the love that broods o'er every The grassy vale a banquet room living thing. • Poem upon which the series is based – to be read at first serVice and in part, fit least, He watched the shepherd bring at succeeding meetings. His flock at sundown to the welcome fold, The fisherman at daybreak fling His net across the waters gray and cold

METHODS FOR WORKERS

And all day long the patient reaper Unison prayer for use with this swing Series: His curving sickle through the harvest Our Heavenly Father, Father of gold. Christ, help us to walk with nature as did Christ. May our hearts be. as his. So through the world the foot path way open and ready to draw from her our refreshment from the irritations of life he trod. and our invigoration to meet future ones. Let our eyes like His. see her beauty and Breathing the air of heaven in every the great goodness and power in the changing seasons, in the early dawn, in breath; the glorious sunset, in the night under the silent stars, in the day with its rich And in the evening sacrifice of death gifts of color, fragrance, and song. Give us Christ's capacity for joy in life and Beneath the open sky he gave his soul to grant us the power to pass on to others God. his message of gladness. Amen. -Henry van Dyke. JESUS AND RURAL PEOPLES Subjects for a Series on "Jesus and Nature" : Verse from poem, picturing three types of rural folk; 1. The Sea– Walked-"All his life the quiet "He watched the shepherd bring waters by His flock at sundown to the welcome Reading their beauty with a tran- fold, quil eye." Ref.-Matt. 13: 1-3; Mark 4: 1. The fisherman at daybreak fling His net across the waters gray and 2. The Desert- cold "To him the desert was a place prepared And all day long the patient reaper For weary hearts to rest." swing Ref.-Matt. 4: 1-11; Mark 1: 35. His curving sickle through the har- 3. Hills and Mountains- vest gold."

"The hillside was a temple blest." 1. JESUS AND THE SHEPHERD Ref.-Luke 6: 12; Matt. 5: 1-2. (See fuller outline) 4. Valleys- "He watched the shepherd bring "The grassy vale a banquet room His flock at sundown to the welcome Where he could feed and comfort fold." Ref.-Luke 2: 8-20; Luke 15: 1-7; many a guest." Matt. 25: 31-46. Ref.-Mark 6: 35-46. Songs- 5. F~owers- "Saviour, Like a Shepherd Lead Us." "With him the lily shared -Psalm 23. The real joy that breathes itself in "The King of Love My Shepherd Is." bloom." –John 10: 16. Ref.-Matt. 6: 24-34. "The Lord Is My Shepherd."-Matt.9: 6. Birds- 36.

"And every bird that sang beside Solo–"The Ninety and Nine."-Matt. the nest 10: 1-7.

Told of the love that broods o'er Paintings- every living thing." "The Good Shepherd" and others. Ref.-Matt. 6: 24-34. Stories, etc.- Songs appropriate for this Series: "Katrina's Good Shepherd." "Fairest Lord Jesus." The Indian's 23d Psalm. "For the Beauty of the Earth"-especial- Short talks- ly first two verses. "This Is My Father's World." Shepherd Peoples of Today-Where "Song of Galilee." They Are Located-Their Needs. "Into the Woods My Master Went." "Trees"-Kilmer. How Missions Can Help to Meet These "All Things Bright and Beautiful." Needs. "God of the Earth, the Sky, and the Sea." "The Spacious Firmament on High." "When Morning Gilds the Skies."

2. JESUS AND THE FISHERMEN PROMPTNESS it reads: are you always on time, "He watched- The fisherman at daybreak fling Are you ready your duties to do? His net across the waters gray and cold." Or are you so tired-so ready to shirk? Ref.-Matt. 4: 17-22; Mark 1: 16-18; Is laziness your only sin? Matt. 13: 47-50. Then-stop-read the guidepost, "Be Songs- ready–on time"

"Peace, Be Still." And help us with promptness to win. "Let the Lower Lights Be Burning." "Dear Lord and Father of Mankind." Behold the third guidepost, GOOD CHEER it may read Puintings- Just reading the words makes one Zimmerman's "Christ and the Fisher- glad; man" and others. Do you do with good cheer what you're 3. JESUS AND THE FARMER asked to do here; Watched-UAll day long the patient Are you willing and happy to lead? reaper swing Or are you so sad and ready to groan His curving sickle through the harvest And critical of all who take part? gold." Then-stop-read the guidepost, "Be Ref.-Mark 2: 23; Matt. 13: 1-23. cheerful, be brave"· Songs- And strive on with gladness of heart.

"We Plow.the Fields and Scatter." We reach the next guidepost and FAITH- "Bringing in the Sheaves." FULNESS see "Far and Near the Fields Are Teem- And reading, our thoughts run on thus, ing." Are you following on to do the Lord's Ref.-Matt. 13: 24-30 and 36-43; Mark will 4: 26-29. Do you still "carryon" while you Puintings- trust?

"The Gleaner." Or are you so weak-afraid you may "The Angelus," etc. fail, Stories- With the spirit of hope very faint? Then stop-read the guidepost–consider Ruth-May be dramatized from the Scripture. the goal And remember the giver of strength. "The Angelus." The next guidepost SERVICE looms now AN IDEAL SOCIETY into sight By MRS. S. M. HAZLETT, Hustis, Fla. Ask yourself what you can give: Time, talents and money, yea, and your- An ideal society is one that will go Upward and onward each day; self Can be spared to help others live. With hearts full of love and eyes that can see Or are you so happy in pleasing yourself And just a few friends whom you All the guideposts along the way. reach?

We come to a guidepost of MOTIVE in Then stop-read the guidepost and get sight His command Ah! what is your motive, I pray? "Go unto all nations and teach." Did you join us for love of the cause we Look long on this guidepost-the guide- uphold: post of PRAYER For the Christ whom you strive io And Oh! what a help it can be; obey? For with it one enters that circle of love Or are you the one who puts self in the And all other perfections see. way, It helps us in motive to be what we Who wants just to be counted in? should Then, turn, read the guidepost, "Go– And leads us each day to improve; love-preach-pray" Then stop-read this guidepost and ask- And help with true motive to win. ing for strength We journey along, true motive is ours; Go upward and onward in love. But what means this next post to you? Note: ~Iake the guideposts out of white bristol board. Completely cover each with a different shade of cheesecloth; uncover as each 1s referred to. This is effective for l~e on "New Members' Day."

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY HELEN M. BRICKMAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Council of Women for Home Missions FWRENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America BOOKS FOR THE PHILIPPINES new plan of building libraries fQr the BY FLORENCE G. TYLER Philippines. If your whole church is interested, books may be shipped by It is difficult to keep up with the freight at twenty dollars a ton. Book flood of good books. Many intelligent showers are in order but send only the people buy books, read them, place best. them on their library shelves and never look at them again. There is a CHRISTIAN LITERATURE IN place where these books would be read INDIA over and over again-almost memo- The Need for Advance rized. Thirty years ago America began to BY WILLIAM PATON build up a public school system in the Of all the avenues along which the Philippine Islands. Over 5,000,000 message of Jesus Christ is reaching Filipinos have attended these school!!. the people of India none is more im- They are "education mad," but often portant than that of Christian litera- too poor to buy their textbooks. After ture. There are many who would say they learn to read, they have no pub- that in proportion to its importance it lic libraries and few worthwhile books is the most neglected part of our mis- in their homes. Think of spending sionary work. Our minds are accus- many years learning to read and then tomed to think of evangelistic work, of having nothing on which to try of educational work, of medical work your skill or to feed the mental appe- and even of certain kinds of social tite which has been created. work, but we have not yet learned to The Christian Literature Society of think of Christian literature as a de- the Philippines, representing almost partment of the whole enterprise every denomination, is establi!!hing worthy to be set alongside any of the libraries all over the island. Books others, and at the same time entering addressed to them at Manila, P. I., as a necessary element into them all.

will be carefuIly assorted and sent Christian missions have been at where they will be used most constant- work for a long time in India, and in Iy in circulating libraries, student comparison with some areas India may dormitories, private schools, hospitals, perhaps be regarded as better Sunday-school libraries, pas tor s' equipped with regard to Christian lit- homes, prisons, reformatories, leper erature; yet it may be said without colonies, etc. fear of challenge that even now the A little slip will be pasted in the total provision is miserably inade- front which says: "Dear Filipino quate. There are major vernaculars Friend: I found this book interesting spoken by millions of people which and helpful and would like a letter possess no "Life of Christ," no "Life from you telling me what you think of St. Paul," none but a few inade- of it." This little slip will bear your quate commentaries, a very few devo- name and address if you send it with tional works, and literaIly nothing your books. else. There are only three Bible dic- Pick out three or four books which tionaries in all the vernaculars of In- you have liked especiaIly and try this dia. In addition to the lack of such 775

devotional and expository literature as them. Suppose such a development is needed by the pastors, Bible work- were to take place and the total num- ers and catechists, there is an even ber of boys and girls, young men and greater lack of decent general litera- women in Christian schools and col- ture imbued with a Christian spirit leges be diminished, it must still be such as i;s suitable for reading by the recognized that in Christian literature mass of literate Christians. It cannot properly used and developed we have be too strongly emphasized that our an instrument which can be used in outlook on the question of Christian reaching far greater numbers of peo- literature must include the provisi<m ple than our direct educational work of such sane general Christian litera- can ever touch. It is hardly too much ture as the ordinary young person in to say that we have yet scarcely begun all countries ought to be able to use. to use this weapon as it might be used.

Literacy is increasing rapidly in The best educational and govern- India and this fact adds a new urgency ment minds of India are at one with to the need for Christian literature. the missionaries in this. Let us hear The Punjab, where the most rapid Mr. F. L. Brayne, the Punjab official progress has been made, expects to whose rural work has attracted wide- have the bulk of its boys of school- spread attention: "The removal of il- going age in school at an early date. literacy in England," he writes, "was Missions all over the country are striv- merely the opening of the door.s of a ing with the problem of the education treasure house of literature unequalled of mass movement Christians. Never in the history of the world …… But was more attention given to the de- what is there in the Punjab for our velopment of rural work both by youth to exercise their newly acquired Christian missions and by government art on? ….. The Educational De- agencies of all kinds. It is universally partment proposes to lead all the chil- agreed that an illiterate church must dren of the Punjab to a feast but the be weak both in power or resistance table is almost bare …… I fancy that to the anti-Christian forces that beat if the literature came into being the upon it, and in power of self-propaga- desire to read would seem to be born."

tion. Nevertheless, the question fac- ing us all over India is, what are the WE HAVE SEEN HIS STAR AND boys and girls who are learning to ARE COME TO WORSHIP HIM read going to be given to read? When A Symposium they have learned to read, are they to Behold wise men from the east camp be left to the cheap material, often of saying, "Where is he that is born more than doubtful morality, supplied King of the Jews? for we saw his by the vernacular press? star in the east, and are come to wor- ship him …… and opening their The provision of Christian litera- treasure.s they offered unto him gifts, ture in India assumes a fresh urgency gold, frankincense and myrrh." in view of another fact. All over the educational policy of India is being Some two thousand years later in a discussed, and both in India and at the little bark hut in a Bulu village two home base there is a desire for greater women were making ready their gifts efficiency and higher quality in schools that they might worship their King. and colleges, and there is discussion of It was to be their first white Christthe need of more intensive work. It mas. The pastor had announced the is not to prejudge any future decisions previous Sunday that this year they if it is suggested here that conceivably would give gifts to the sick and the a wise missionary policy may find it poor in remembrance of the Christ necessary to restrict the number of Child's birth. schools and colleges under direct Christian control in order to create It "What a blessing that my hen laid deeper impression on those who attend an egg this morning," said little old

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

widow Abom. "Only yesterday I said, myrrh. Rich gifts those! But these 'And does a widow who walks only in humble offerings of the tribe of Bulu weeds have anything to givel' " As and their simple worship of song and she spoke she raised a hen from a bas- prayer, will a King accept these? ket in the corner and taking out a Hearken to the answer of the King fresh white egg wrapped it in a strip Himself, "Inasmuch as ye did it unto one of these my brethren, even these of dried plantain leaf. least, ye did it unto me." Mezene, her daughter-in-law, stirred THE WORLD COURT AND THE the fire under the black kettle till the dark corners of the thatched house WORLD were bathed in a ruddy glow and in her dark face was revealed the joy of BY ESTHER EVERETT LAPE glVmg. Presently she removed the cover and took out a large peanut roll. Member in Oharge, The A",…iean Foundation She had spent many tedious moments shelling, roasting, and grinding the Women whose interests range over nuts and now it was ready, a gift with the missionary projects of Asia, which to worship her King. Africa, Latin America and the Islands of the Sea know well the necessity SOQn they joined the other viUagers for reasonable, peaceful, and constant out in the street. Aben, carefully ad- means of resolving the difficulties justing her baby in its leather straps which arise from time to time beon her hip, said, "I am going to give tween nations, the most civilized as my edima jom (most cherished pos- well as the most backward. Indeed, session), my best necklace and brace- the more complicated the economic lets, for God has answered my prayers order of a country becomes, the more and given me my baby." likely it is to become involved in all kinds of disputes with other countries And so they talked over their gifts over raw materials, over trade routes, along the way. "My husband is taking over treaty rights, etc. This article a salt fish," said one. "And mine, a is, therefore, given not to arguing for sack of salt," said another. And oh, the World Court, or for the adherence marvel of generosity, "Mine, a goat," of the United States to it, for it may said a third. Others joined them, reasonably be assumed that readers hands laden with baskets of food, rolls whose minds have been nourished by of· cassava, hands of plantain and ba- careful study of the problems besetnanas, bundles of peanuts or gourd ting the missionary movement allover seed. Men, women, and children, some the world need no persuasion to supin gay and festive attire, others only port the· outstanding existing means in "weeds," but each with a gift in his of peaceful settlement through law. hands. The question of completing the ad- The chatter ceased as they entered herence of the United States to the the bark church, festive with its palm Court is expected to come before the branch arches and red hibiscus flow- Senate early next winter. The quesers. As they passed, each laid his gift tion is not whether we shall adhere, on the table. "The poor will see much but whether the terms under which happiness this day," they whisper as it is now proposed that we complete they see the gifts piled high beyond our adherence fully satisfy the contheir greatest expectation. ditions attached by the Senate when it voted for our adherence in January, "Joy to the world! the Lord is 1926. The President and the Secrecome," everyone sang, till the whole tary of State and many other thoughthmtop echoed with the glad refrain. ful leaders believe that they do, and Followed a hush during the prayer and in December, 1929, the President. authe reading of the beautiful story of thorized the signature of the three the Christ Child's birth, and of the protocols by the United States. They wise men who worshiped Him with now await ratification, to which the their gifts, gold, frankincense and

Senate must "advise and consent." rather than upon justice. But the These protocols or treaties are: World Court is in fact as well as in 1. The protocol of signature at- official title the Permanent Court of tached to the Statute of the Court. International Justice. In a number 'Of 2. The protocol covering proposed instances judges on the Court have amendments to the Statute of the voted against the position taken by Court. their own countries – the British 3. The accession protocol, which ac- judge against the British contention, cepts the reservations attached by the etc. Decisions are reached upon a Senate to its 1926 resolution of ad- basis of law and equity and upon no herence. other grounds.

Surely the United States should join The United States will be a part of the fifty-four nations already in the this Court when the three protocols Court and throw her influence clearly awaiting the consent of the Senate to behind this successfully functioning ratification are ratified. The debates agency for the application of the prin- will presumably begin in December.

ciples of international law to disputes At that time the senators should have arising between nations. clear evidence of the interest felt by In the nine years of its existence their constituents in early rat.ification.

the Court has given sixteen judicial Detailed Information concerning the whole decisions and eighteen advisory opin- Court question Is available without charge ions. The largest number of cases from The American Foundation, 1)61) Fifth arising out of anyone situation-six Avenue, New York, N. Y.

decisions and two advisory opinions- THE AMERICAN INDIAN MOVES were between Germany anll Poland on AHEAD various questions of the property and personal rights of Germans and of BY HELEN M. BRICKMAN persons formerly German in the territory that passed from Germany to "The Indian problem in the United Poland after the War. Many of the States," say,s Dr. Ray Lyman Wilbur, other cases the Court has dealt with Secretary 'Of the Interior, "is one that have arisen out of the readjustments has been constantly with us from our after the War-boundaries, mandates, beginning as a nation but which is now approaching dissolution."

the respective rights of new neigh- Of the 350,000 people of Indian bors, etc. Other cases have dealt with blood in this country, about 200,000 the responsibility for an accident 'On are still wards of the Government.

the high seas between ships of differ- Many, while nominally wards, are ent natiDnalities, with a conflict on quite able to care for themselves and nationality laws, etc. Every decision to assume full citizenship. It is the the Court has handed down, whether policy of the present administration a formal judgment or an advisory to sever its ties with these Indians opinion, has been accepted by the na- as quickly as this can be accomplished tions concerned in the dispute. without interfering with their prop- The habitual use of judicial means erty rights.

of settlement is the shortest and the Very few people realize that there surest road to disarmament and tD are still 200 Indian reservations in 26 peace. It is also-and this point is of state,s and that 58 languages are still particular interest to those WhD are spoken. Oklahoma has 120,000 In- concerned for the weaker natiDns of dians; Arizona about 49,000; South the world-the shDrtest and surest Dakota 23,000; New Mexico 22,000; rDad to internatiDnal justice. Noone CalifDrnia 19,000; Minnesota 15,000; pretends that there is justice in the Montana and Washington each 13,000 decisions reached by war; and even and Oregon 4,518.

arbitrations are likely to be founded More and more the Indian people upon expediency and compromise are coming in contact with the other

people of this country and are adopt- cities. One of the great tasks con- ing their customs and their language. fronting all agencies at work with the It seems inevitable that the Red Man Indians is that of making them eco- will, within the next decade, lose many nomically self-supporting. If the In- of his racial characteristics and be- dian is to support himself and his come an integral part of the prevail- family he must not only have the ing civilization of this country. proper education and training but also the proper employment. To thi8 end Through the 126 day schools, 58 special employment centers have been reservation boarding schooIs and 19 established by the Government at six large boarding schools located away strategic points throughout the coun- from the reservation, some 65,000 try. young Indians are already receiving much the same type of education that The Indian Bureau, itself, has been the average white child is getting. lately reorganized, a cabinet form of Within the last year these schools government having been established have reached a new standard of ef- with each line of work headed bya ficiency and effectiveness. Competent technical expert. This new Indian and well-trained personnel is being "cabinet" places an emphasis upon recruited. The old uniform curricu- "human relations." Dr. W. Carsun lum has been abandoned and each Ryan, Jr., formerly Professor of Edu- ,school is now following the courses cation of Swarthmore College, has beof study prellcribed by its state. In come the Director of Indian Educathe boarding schools 37.8 cents per tion. Dr. M. C. Guthrie, detailed to day per child as compared with eleven the Indian Service in 1926 by the cents is now being spent for food. United States Public Health Service, There is an annual clothing allowance is Director of Health. A. C. Cooley, of $40 per child as against $22. Labor- formerly in charge of demonstration saving devices have been installed, on federal reclamation projects is Dithus relieving the children from per- rector of Agricultural Extension and forming the bulk of the manual work. Industry. Coordinating these three The children in the boarding schools divisions is an experienced social exnow perform only such tasks as might ecutive, Robert T. Lansdale, formerly be expected of any children in a well- Executive Secretary of the Council of regulated home. The old military Social Agencies ·of Montclair, New method 'Of discipline is being discard- Jersey, and member 'Of the staff of ed and competent boys' and girls' ad- the New York Scho'Ol of Social Revisers appointed to the schools. Not search. Mr. Lansdale is an assistant only do these Indian children receive to the Commissioner of Indian Afgood academic training but special fairs. He is known as Assistant to the emphasis is laid upon training for Commissioner on Human Relations. trades and vocation8. For those who This outline of reorganization, worked should have more advanced training out under the direction of Mr. Charles and education, scholarships are being J. Rhoads, Commissioner of Indian sought. Affair>'l, and Mr. J. Henry Scatter- good, Assistant Commissioner, in con- On the reservations the thinking of sultation with Dr. Wilbur, brings the Indians still follows pretty much great satisfaction to those who have that of former years when the Red been anxious that the affairs of the Man lived a life no longer possible for American Indian be administered him today. These Indians find little more expertly. to occupy their time and there is very little opportunity to earn a livelihood. N ever before have the churches had It is for this reason that the young more opportunity than at present to educated Indian8 are not urged to re- advance their work among the Inmain on the reservations but are being dians. The present administration is helped to find work in towns and most anxious that the spiritual wel-

fare of the Indian be not neglected. to my father, I long to kneel in a quiet Recently, through the influence of the spot and pray to ber. Indian Service Committee of the Home Missions Councils and the The greatest kindness that has been Board of Indian Commissioners, let- ever bestowed upon me was the work ters were sent by the Indian <X>m- of a young Hebrew in my college life. missioner to all superintendents on He has done more to soften my heart the field, suggesting that they call than any power other than my own conferences to be attended by mission- mother. aries and government employees in order to "develop lines of cooperative At times the appeal of Shintoiem effort which will promote active par- reaches me like a faint, far-off cry, ticipation in a common program." The then the God of the Hebrews is heard mission boards, in turn, have sent let- in the life of the young man who beters to their missionaries, urging friended me, and then the God of the them to cooperate with the local gov- Cross comes home, in the spirit life ernment officials and to promote the of my mother. government program in every way possible. THE OPTIMIST'S CREED A TRAGEDY OF RACE PromisB Y our8Blf- By N. USAMI To be so strong that nothing can dis- turb your peace of mind. To talk health, I look out on life, as it were, with happiness and prosperity to every pera double lens. My father was born in son you meet. Kyoto, Japan, of pure blood, the loyal subject of the Mikado. Trained in the To make all your friends feel that Univereity of Tokyo, he came early to there is something in them. America and settled in California. My mother was daughter of a clergyman, To look at the sunny side of everywas wooed by my father, and finally thing and make your optimism come they became man and wife. I was true. born in a beautiful valley of California. To think only of the best, to work only for the best and expect only the best. Her father and mother had disowned her, and that is why she never To be just as enthusiastic about the mentioned their names in my presence. success of others as you are about your A feeling of great hatred to them en- own. tered my heart, and it is still there, fiercer than ever. Mother's God is a To forget the mistakes of the past and God of forgiveness, and I hope he will press on to the greater achievements of forgive the nursing of that feeling the future. which I don't want to part with. Father's God is harder to understand, To wear a cheerful countenance at all but if he can't forgive he is no God. times and give every living creature you meet a smile. When mother took ill unto death, I hurried from the University of Cali- To give so much time to the improvefornia to her side, and was never out ment of yourself that you have no time of her presence. To me she turned to criticise others. for her every want. Her religion was as sacred as a dram of radium, and To be too large for worry, too noble as silent and powerful in its working. for anger, too strong for fear, and too When I recall the great spirit of my happy to permit the presence of trouble. mother, her holy pas·sion, her god-like -Selected. devotion to her only child, her loyalty INDIAN CALENDAR January Moon of the falling flake. February Moon of the frozen lake. March Moon of the wind's loud voice. April Moon of the raindrops choice. May Moon of the springing grass. June Moon of the sassafras. July Moon of the melon yield. August Moon of the clover field. September Moon of the reddened leaf. October Moon of the golden sheaf. November Moon of the wild bird's flight. December Moon of the long good night.

-HAZEL HARPER HARRIS.

ASIA of the long, narrow valley of the

Is Mohammedanism Waning? Land with concrete canals, and the utilization for a storage reservoir of AWRITER in the Jewish Missionary the Sea of Galilee on whose waters Intelligence says that on visiting Istanbul (Constantinople), he saw but Christ walked two millenniums ago, one bId Moslem at prayer, and one the Holy Land is becoming modern and oth~r making his preparatory ablu- industrial. tions. In the famous Mosque, St. Sophia, there was not one worshiper And with the diversion of seasonal apparent; in the street not a fez, nor flood waters of the Yarmuk and the a veiled woman was to be seen. A woman guide wearing a badge to indicate Jordan Rivers into the Sea of Galilee that she was one of the recognized as a huge reservoir, and with the guide corps of the city, spoke English building of suitable dams and canals, well, smoked cigarette after cigarette, 5,000,000 tons of water will be at the chaffed, scolded, and held her own with disposal of engineers every day during her fellowmen guides. Orthodox Mohammedanism was practically dead in both the wet and dry seasons. These Istanbul. Patriotism has taken its three power stations will total 48,000 place to some extent. horse-power output, and are the first Hospice in Jerusalem step in a plan for the complete electri- fication of Palestine. r~R the benefit of Presbyterian vis- itor·s to Jerusalem, and to make it The first of these power stations is possible for them to receive the Sacra- now completed at Jisr-eI-Mujameh, ment of the Lord's Supper in their ac- drawing its water-power from a canal customed manner, a group of buildings carrying waters from the Yarmuk comprising a Church and a Hospice has been completed on a commanding River, a tributary to the Jordan. This site overlooking the road to Bethlehem. station delivers 18,000 horse-power in The Quarterly Register says that this electricity, with provisions for doubwas the result of a joint undertaking ling this amount. of the Church of Scotland and the United Free Church. The Hospice is All three power plants together will now open. It has accommodation for about twenty visitors, and includes a supply the needs of every city, Ptaolwesn~ library with already over 500 volumes and agricultural settlement in relating to Palestinian subjects. While intended primarily for students, min- tine. The government is to regulate ister'l;, missionaries, members of all Presbyterian Churches will be wel- the charges in a manner similar to the comed. way public utilities are regulated in the United States.-Science New8 Let- ter.

Unrest in Palestine T ~E present situation in Palestine IS reported to be serious because of Arab hostility against the British officials as a result of the recent clashes at Nablus.

Modernized Palestine The Moslems believe that when the Indian problem is less acute these WITH the completion of three hy- dro-electric power stations on the 70,000,000 Moslems will be ready to historic river Jordan, with the ribbing help their fellow religionists in Pales- tine.

781

Shaukat Ali, noted Indian Moslem blaming each other for the result. The leader, who wears home-spun Moslem Moslem nationalists take their stand clothing and Moslem footgear with on the principle that separate electro- American horn-rimmed spectacles and ates are an evil, wbich if tolerated at smokes an exp~nsive Havana cigar, all, should be tolerated temporarily as says: a necessity. On the other hand the per- petuation of separate electorates is a "The achievement of an understand- fundamental point in the creed of the ing between the Arabs and the Jews other Moslem party. This vital dif- must be preceded by the latters' re- ference was found impossible of settlenunciation of their national home idea, ment, and once again the Moslems are willingness to have restriction of im- in a disunited condition unable to migration and revocation of the Bal- make their united demand known to four Agreement." Mr. Gandhi.

Medical Advance in Persia Church Union in India THE Government has taken over the AT THE Delhi Round Table Confer- control of all medical work in Persia, in so far as not allowing anyone .t1 ence on Church Union representato practice medicine unless he has a Government license. This does not tives were present from the Anglican mean a diploma, nor imply any special Church, the United Church of North knowledge of medicine, inasmuch as India, the Methodist Episcopal and licenses were granted those already Wesleyan Churches, the English Bappracticing. But hereafter, no license tists, and Church of the Brethren, and wm be issued except to those having the Society of Friends. The New Outhad five years' study of modern medi- look reports that it was agreed that cine, or a foreign degree. Thus, in negotiations for a comprehensive the course of some twenty years, the Church Union in Northern India old practitioners will have passed. Per- should proceed. In Church polity there sian doctors have attained a much should be congregational liberty in the higher standard of medical knowledge life and activity of the local church: and skill, which emphasizes the neces- responsibility for government should sity for mission hospitals keeping vest in synods or representative counabreast of the times. cils, with clerical and lay members; and there should be superintendents or Medical missionaries are now obliged bishops. Several delegates emphasized to send their diplomas to Teheran to the necessity of avoiding the term be registered, and no unlicensed prac- "Historic Episcopate." The Conference tice is allowed. The Government is thought that a South India Scheme in also demanding endless statistics of its present form was not quite adehospitals, together with the most min- quate to the needs of North India, but ute details of the use of drugs coming desired a conference to consider the under the Dangerous Drugs Act. principles to be adopted in the forma- tion of a United Church for India. INDIA-BURMA-CEYLON Meantime steps are being taken in the direction of a smaller union between India's Moslems Fail to Agree the Methodist Episcopal Church, the English Baptist Community, and the THE negotiations going on between United Church of Northern India. the two political parties among Moslems with a view to arrive at an Wanless Tuberculosis Sanitarium agreement on the question of Moslem representation on elected bodies which AFTER many years of planning for will come into being as the result of a tuberculosis sanitarium, Sir introducing a new constitution in In- William Wanless, of Miraj, acquired dia have broken down, and the leaders 100 acres of land in 1924, paying for it of both parties have issued statements

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

with hospital receipts. Opposition hin- years ago. The congregations have as dered the project, and it was not until many applicants for baptism as mem- 1931 that patients could be admitted. bers and cannot respond to all the re- Dr. Wanless retired and returned to quests for teachers and even for visits the United States in 1924, but was re- to villages. In many places the in- called to India last year to promote the quirers, at their own expense, are work he had begun and as a result the building chapels and in others they sanitarium has added five cottages to furnish free labor for their erection.

the original six.

A host of Indian friends, mostly Rebellion in Burma Parsees, have given various sums, ag- THE rebel situation continues to be gregating a large amount and it is the curse of this land and the lives expected to build another doctor',s bun- of tens of thousands of helpless vil- galow, more private wards and cot- lagers. Rebel activities have drifted tages, public wards and kitchens, eastward over the Pegu Yomas into nurses' home, X-ray, operating, labora- the vicinity of Pegu and our Methodist • tory and office blocks, and a chapel. village work has begun to feel the im- Opportunity Widens pact very sorely.

THE Farm Machinery Laboratory at The most promising and progressive Allahabad, the largest and best village work we have centers at Ingequipped building for the purpose in ouk, a backwoods place. The work be- gan there eight years ago when the India is now completed. Arrangements Rev. J. R. Boyles, on a dry season itinhave been made by Dr. Sam Higgin- erating trip, chanced to come upon this bottom with Allahabad Univer,sity for place and found that through the una degree course in agriculture, the usually effective witnessing of two obuniversity to teach the basic science, scure Burmese Christians the chief the Agricultural Institute to teach men of the place were ready to accept farm crops, animal husbandry, dairying, fruit and vegetable culture. the privileges and responsibilities of Christian living. The fact that this On April 15th the first "Farmers' place happened to be inhabited by a Institute," was opened with a regular sect of theistic Buddhists made the approgram of demonstrations and lec- proach easier. From that beginning tures in Hindustani and English for there developed something nearer to a farmers, village workers and mission- village mass movement than we usualaries. Dr. Higginbottom also states ly see in Burma. The work resulted that political tension has lessened since in changed lives from the first. Soon the acceptance of the Gandhi-Irwin a church building was erected for woragreement, though one problem seems ship and vernacular school uses. beyond reach of solution-that of communal representation, an extremely In recent weeks it has been known in divisive system which results in riots the village that rebel organization was between Hindus and Moslems. This under way. In the whole locality, there is not so much a religious as an eco- is only the one center where Christian nomic struggle for official preferment. morale and loyalty held the people steady. Their neighbors were falling A Fruitful GerD1an Mission fast under the allurements or compUl- sion of the rebel organizers. As a THE MOST fruitful stations of Ger- safety measure the police ordered the man missionaries in India are those surrender of guns held by licensees. of the Breklum Mission in the southern Sunday, the 12th of July, was a Telugu field, which was held for the gloomy day in the Pegu Burmese Breklum Mission during the war by church when the little group of chief the United Lutheran Church, and was persons from Ingouk heard the sad restored to the Breklum lfission a few news that the rebels had burned the

church and parsonage, that many of The work in the Colombo jail is be- the people of the village were scattered ing carried on regularly and the pris- to other places and that the rebels had oners look forward with keen int.erest forced into their company one of the to the Sunday morning ·services. The Christians who, before he became a men ask eagerly for religious litera- Christian had been ready enough to ture, and a great change has come over share in the doings of dacoit bands. their lives. A few gramophone rec- It turns out very fortunately that ords of Gospel songs and hymns would the wooden building to replace the be of great help in this work among Pegu Chinese school which was de- prisoners. Pray for this work.-G. D.

stroyed in last year's earthquake is al- Lemphers, Nugegoda, Ceylon.

most completed. It will offer shelter to at least thirty refugees if neces- CHINA sary; and the Chinese official board Great Floods has consented gladly to its use in that way. An ap·peal has just been received T HE American Red Cross has refrom the Rev. U On Kin for local cir- cently voted to send $100,000 to aid. culation among the Methodist church- the fl'Ood sufferers along the Yangtse es in Burma in behalf of relief for our River in China where the flood waH repeople who have been forced to leave ported (August 19th) the worst in their homes.-H. J. H., in The Indian over sixty years. This money will be Witn/loss. transmitted through the State Depart- ment to Walter A. Adams, American Eager Hearers in Ceylon Consul General at Hankow.

T HERE is a great hunger among the From Hankow it was repGrted that people of Ceylon for the Gospel. thousands were drowned as the flood Crowds gather round about us on the undermined cities and destroyed the street corners where we take our stand farms upon which the country has to preach and the words of our Lord depended for food. The flood waters are exemplified when He said "And I, ~ached a height of 53 feet six inches, if I be lifted up, will draw all men unto compared with the previous record in me." the 1870 flood of 50 feet six inches and At the close of one· service when the the highest point of land in Hankow invitation was given, backed up with was five feet under water. The Hanthe promise, "Him that cometh to me kow Bund was seven and one-half feet will in no wise be cast out," a Buddhist bel'Ow the surface. One of the principal stepped out, spread a cloth on the dikes protecting the old city of Wu- ground and knelt in prayer. Another chang, across the river, gave way. man who was a bit under the influence Whole towns and villages have been of drink, but was able to under- wiped out and epidemics threaten the stand what he was doing, knelt down survivors. to pray. The people were surprised The Grand Canal and other water and pressed in on us so much that courses have brought floods also in the place was blocked. The man con- southern Shantung and in Hupeh provfessed that he was anxious to be rid inces. It is estimated that 400,000 of the demon drink and that there have died and 50,000,000 are threatwas no 'Other power on earth that could ened with starvation.

help him. He left us rejoicing. The Nationalist Government already Our street preaching reaches the has made about $600,000 available for poor, the outcast, the untouchable and relief work, and many government em- the helpless, peGple whG are 'Outcasts ployes have been drafted for flGod re- from society and victims of drink. The lief work. A Chinese d'Omestic loan of majority are Buddhists, Hindus and $6,000,000 was also proposed for flood Mohammedans to whom the Gospel is relief and 15,000,000 bushels of wheat preached in the vernacular. are to be s~t from America, at low

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

cost~it should be donated if China In spite of it all we ,seem to have will end the waste of internal warfare. made progress in evangelistic work.

The Protestant missions having Services continue to be well attended, work in Hankow, Wuchang and Han- and interest in preaching for non- yang are: American Bible Society, Christians has notlessened. The peo- Protestant Episcopal, Christian and ple are extremely friendly toward us Missionary Alliance, China Inland Mis- and we have a wonderful opportunity sion, Lutherans, Postal Telegraph, to work among children. Our small London Mission, Religious Tract So- and primitive playground has made ciety, Seventh Day Adventists, Wes- them friendly and approachable but we leyan Methodists, Y. M. C. A., and need to discover some way of securing Swedish Baptists-a total of one hun- their regular attendance at teaching dred and eighteen Protestant mission- so that our influence upon their charac- aries are in this center. Gifts to aid ters and habits may be more effective.

the flood sufferers may be sent to the -E. H. Forster, in The Living Church.

Mission Boards.

I .. China Near Extinction? A Great Chinese Woman WARNING that "the Chinese na- AGREATER character than the old tion is now on the brink of extinc- Chinese Empress Dowager, and tion," the Central Executive Commit- one that exerted a more widespread tee of the Kuomintang (People's influence to benefit China, was Madame party) issued an appeal last month K. T. Soong who entered into rest at calling on the whole country to unite Tsingtao on J1,lly 23d. to overcome the evil effects of the floods, civil warfare, banditry and anti- Madame S'oong w~s a strong and in- Chinese riots in Chosen. telligent Christian, an active member of the Methodist church in China and "Whether our country can survive a teacher in the Sunday School of the this crisis," say,s the manifesto, "de- Young Allen Church in Shanghai. pends on the last supreme effort of the nation. Remember that 'Heaven helps A notable group of Chinese men and only those who help themselves,' and women, all of them educated in Amerlet all our compatriots rise to the oc- ica, gathered on August 17th at the casion." Sixteen provinces, it pointed funeral service in honor of their out, are affected by the flood and the mother, to do homage to the woman famine certain to follow. who had exercised a powerful influence on modern China.

Harvard Univer.sity, Wellesley and Chinese Communism Wesleyan, (Macon, Ga.), are American CONDITIONS in Yangchow, Kiang- institutions at which the sons and su, are still quiet. General Chang daughters of this remarkable woman Chih-chiang is functioning and that were educated. Their training fitted accounts for peaceful conditions. He all to occupy leading positions in the asked the local Christians to hold a national affairs of China.

week of special prayer for China from Mme. Soong knew the old China, June 21st to June 28th. There were but lived through the revolution to meeting,s in each church or chapel. see her sons and daughters reach posts The political situation certainly re- of influence. She reared all .six as quires prayer. My feeling is that Christians and it was through her in- there is danger of worse trouble than fluence and in her home that the Presi- that of 1927. The discontent and disil- dent of China, Chiang Kai-shek, was lusionment of the people are very wide- baptized as a Christian.

spread, and the power and influence of The six children are T. V. Soong, the communists are still strong in vice-chairman of the Nationalist Gov- many sections of the country. Civil ernment; Mme. Sun Yat-sen, widow war with Canton is also an added of the founder of the Chinese Repub- affliction. lie; Mme. Chiang Kai-shek, wife of S

the President; Mme. H. H. Kung, wife religious leaders, especially the intelof the Nationalist Minister of Indus- lectuals. Though the movement is not try; T. L. Soong, Secretary of the older than three years it has become an Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and T. N. active group of enthusiastic young Soong, who holds a minor government Christians. The original motto of the position. group is: "Search for truth and live a sincere and pure life in cIo-se fellowship The sons were educated at Harvard with Christ!" They started the fellow- University and the girls at Wellesley ship not because they loved Christ, but and Wesleyan. The family is reputed because they needed Christ. one of the wealthiest in China.

Future of Mission Schools Shanghai College Now a University T HE following comment on the Na- 'fHE name of Shanghai College (an tional Government's denial of the American Baptist Mission institu- right to teach Christianity in schools supported by foreign mission funds ap- tion) has been changed to the Uni- pears as an editorial in the Shanghai versity of Shanghai. Among reasons Evening Post and Mercury: advanced are the practice in China of calling an instituti'On of higher learn- Funds with which these schools are ing "Ta Hsueh," that is, university, established are almost 100 per cent con- while the Chinese name for college is tributed from abroad, with the purpose loosely applied to secondary and techof furthering the teaching of Christian- nical schools. The institution has been ity. Schools, hospitals and social centers jointly supported by the Northern and have been one of the most effective ways the Southern Baptist Conventions, and of demonstrating the practical effects of the Chinese Baptists. the Christian religion. The donors of these funds did not contemplate the es- President Herman E. Liu says that tablishment of secular mission schools the university stands for physical, throughout China. An appeal for funds mental and spiritual growth. The Unito establish educational institutions in versity of Shanghai should be mDre China, no matter how worthy that cause than ever a beacon light of Christian might be, would lack the appeal of a plea faith, a strong evangelistic force, and for contributions for schools of a definite a factor in the general uplift of China. religious and Christian character. JAPAN-CHOSEN To endow non-religious schools in China with religious mission funds is Vice Investigations definite patronage, and if the National Government's policy continues, the mis- THE League 'Of Nations "commission sion support will inevitably be with- of inquiry into the traffic in women drawn. Then the entire question of and children in the Orient" ha-s recenteducation will be in the hands of the Na- ly begun its investigations in Japan. tional Government, where that govern- While welcoming the commission as ofment evidently desires it to be. The ficials of the League of Nations, the Nanking government has clearly decided Japanese Government has not been to forego the benefits of the Christian cordial to the efforts of reform soschools rather than consent to the spread cieties of the Empire to gather maof the Christian religion. terial to make the League's investiga- tion effective. Dr. Bascom J'Ohnson, New Movement Among Students the head of the Investigating Commit- tee, and his colaborers have been diplo- T HE Dawn is a religious movement matic and have obtained information of the Christian students of dif- that will be of value in curbing the ferent colleges and high schools, gov- disgraceful and ruinous traffic in wom- en and children for evil purposes. ernment and private, in Peiping, Whether or not it is a result of the China. Most of the founders came visit of the commission, the Japan Adfrom non-Christian, old-fashioned vertiser reports that many inmates of Chinese families, but are inspired by the Christian religion.

The movement is still in the stage of germination, but it has attracted much attention and interest from the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

the licensed quarters have secured the American House of Representa- their freedom in the past month. tives arranged to meet at San Fran- cisco, late in July;to consider the re- Student Radicalis:m in Ja.pan peal of the Japanese exclusion act. If I N SPITE of the efforts of the gov- Japanese, like Europeans, are put un- ernment to suppress communism and der the existing quota system only in spite of the influence of such forces 185 Japanese could be admitted anas Dr. Toyohiko Kagawa and other nually, and the affront to Japanese Christians, radicalism seems to be in- pride would be removed. The reprecreasing among students in Japan. In recent months there have been numer- sentatives of business organizations ous disturbances in the government in California may not be actuated and private universities and colleges. solely by the highest sentiments of The students at Waseda University brotherhood, but the rescinding of the have protested against a newly ap- exclusion act would be the removal of pointed president and the students at an affront to a friendly nation.-The Presbyterian Advance.

the Imperial University of Tokyo are demanding student self-government. Need for Schools in Chosen W These movements are encouraged by HAT will the church do for lead- ership if all her young people communist agents and literature but the efforts to repress such student ex- are educated in Buddhist schools? It pression seem to increase rather than is a great problem and it would be a to control the spirit of rebellion terrible backward step to close work against the established order. There already going on when what we need are evils and weaknesses in many in- is to enlarge. This year the Pyeng- stitutions and in society that need cor- yang Academy could take only 150 of rection and every effort ought to be the 389 applicants. That shows a little made to discover and correct these of what it means to lack educational evils, with the help of all who seek im- facilities. Mothers, fathers, uncles provement. and aunts, pastor,s and friends call to make applicati'On and the disappointed Religion and Anti-Religion ones have to weep.

ONE evil effect of radicalism in The Chinese trouble in Pyengyang every country is its tendency to was fomented by folks from 'Outside, discredit all religion. In Japan anti- perhaps from Manchuria. The Japa- religious societies have been organized nese were afraid to handle it dras- and have assumed such proportions as tically at first for fear the mob would to attract government attention. As a turn on the Japanese. The mob spirit whole, however, the Japanese people appealed to the very worst element 'Of are inclined to be religious and Bud- the city. Most.of it was at night, dhist leaders are stirring themselves though it raged now and then during to prove their faith still has vitality. two days also. A pastor, who has lived In the meantime the Kingdom of God all his life in the city, said that he did Movement among the Christians is not see one familiar face in the crowd making progress and one Christian as it surged up and down the streets.

missionary society reports that it has Our dairyman had a thrilling time as begun a campaign to visit everyone he stood off the mob and saved four- of all the more than ten million homes teen Chinese who 'had taken refuge in in Japan and will leave in each a the enclosure. He risked his life but Gospel portion. he saved their lives. We sheltered two men for a day in our cellar. The next The Japanese Exclusion Aet Sunday three Chinese came to one of AT THE request of representative the churches to express their thanks business organizations of Cali- and they said that the Christian Chifornia, the Immigration Committee of nese were all rescued and that they

wanted their brethren to know that contains three-quarters of the whole they knew it was not the mind of the population, of whom half a million Christian Koreans in Pyengyang to belong to the Protestant and Roman do such things against them.-Mrs. Catholic Churches. It embraces the George S. McCune. island groups north of Australia, in- cluding New Guinea. There are masses A Korean Pastor's Work of heathen still in the New Hebrides, REV. YI MYUNG CHAI, pastor of the Solomons and the three divisions a Methodist church in Kyung- of New Guinea. It is surprising, howchun, Korea, is winning the confidence ever, to note that in New Guinea, with not alone of the poor and the needy of its total population of over eight hunhis community, but of the government dred and ninety-nine thousand, nearly authorities as well. Although without one-quarter of this number is now special medical training, he is well Christian, in the proportion of two read in medicine, and keeps on hand Protestants to one Roman Catholic. simple remedies with which he has cured many minor ailments. Serious Orientals in the islands – and the cases he refers to the Christian doctor number is growing rapidly-are pracin Kongju. By making no charge for tically unreached with the Gospel.- World Dominion Survey.

his remedies he avoids conflict with the government officials, and by treat- New Zealand Youth T ing these offiCials he wins their favor, HE desire to reach young people left indifferent by the churches a novel method of breaking down prejudice. and Christian youth organizations was The little church of which Yi Myung expressed at a conference of Christian Chai is pastor is the saine which I leaders at Waikanae, New Zealand.

erected a tithe storehouse, mentioned The General Secretary of the Welling- recently in the Review. This twelve- ton Y. M. C. A. ,showed in a very by-twelve structure had its initiation searching report that the influence of when it received the tithes of the Christian work and Christian youth barley harvest last spring. This fall it organizations is very much less than will serve as the storehouse for a por- is generally supposed. The New Zea- tion of the pastor's food supply for the land Youth Committee for religious year, as the Christians bring in the education decided to give pUblicity tithe of their rice crop. throughout all Christian youth move- ments to the fact that nine-tenths of PACIFIC ISLANDS the youth of the country were outside A Survey their sphere, and to -stress the neces- sity for a special missionary effort for T HE Pacific Islands cover an area these masses of young people who are of about three hundred and eighty drifting further and fUrther away thousand square miles. The Christian from all religion. population of the islands is under one- third of the total population, of whom three hundred and sixty-eight thou- A Woman Pastor at Kula, Hawaii K sand are Protestants and two hundred ULA is about 3,000 feet up the side of a mountain on the island and fifty-two thousand seven hundred and ninety-two are Roman Catholics. of Maui, in Hawaii. There is a Chi- The eastern division, once called Poly- nese Protestant Episcopal congrega- nesia, is described as evangelized, yet tion at Kula, now in charge of Mrs.

less than half its population profess Shim, widow of a Chinese rector who Christianity and half of these are ministered there for many years. She Roman Catholics. holds services, visits the people, and The remainder of the Pacific area her daughter conducts the church is described as partly evangelized and school. The congregation is made up

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

mostly of Chinese farmers and their requires constant attention and families, widely scattered on farms trained leadership to make certain that along the rough side roads. There is in practice they are really secured:; also a large tuberculosis sanatorium and preventorium for children. Thou- World Student Federa.tion in Wil- sands of children of Oriental parents liamstown A are here being molded into useful RETREAT for the officers of the World's Student Christian Feder- American citizens. ation was held during the week begin- NORTH AMERIVA ning July 5th at Williamstown, Mass.

A New Covered Wagon on the Trail The Federation is a league of Chris- A COVERED wagon, following the tian students around the world which pioneer trail across the continent includes in its membership 300,000 from Brockton, Mass., to the Pacific students in 3,113. colleges and univer- Coast, set out on June 20th to cele- sities. The central office is in Geneva, brate the one hundredth anniversary Switzerland, from which its influence of the founding of the American Bap- radiates to forty-five countries. The tist Home Mission Society. This new federation is one of the few Christian covered wagon, a replica of those that movements in the world which, becrossed the continent in pioneer days, cause of the extent of its field and the was towed by an automobile in which character of its membership, is rode the Rev. Dr. G. Clifford Cress, brought into intimate contact with Mr. William Turkington, the Rev. Coe every racial barrier of any importance Hayne and his son. The party planned that divides the human race.

to stop at various centers along the way to hold missionary meetings and Getting Behind the Peace Pact S stir up interest in American evangeli- IXTEEN denominations in South- ern California, the Presbyterian zation. a unique method of celebrating an important event and valuable Board of Education and the National for publicity and promotion. Convention of Disciples have endorsed the following resolution: Y. M. C. A. and Religion WHEREAS, War looms before the world today as one of the most serious prob- AT THEIR forty-third international lems, and convention at Cleveland, (August 5th to 7th), the Y. M. C. A. leaders WHEREAS, The signing of the Kellogg of the United States and Canada reL Peace Pact by the leading nations of the newed their pledge to keep the spirit- world commits them for the first time to ual objectives of the Association in the renunciation of war "as an instrument foreground. The danger that the Y of national policy" in their relations with will become a club centering in ath- one another, and letics and secular education and advertising, is met by the declaration that WHEREAS, The effectiveness of this new "all our activities-educational, phys- policy 'for the prevention of war will deical, recreational, social-and all our pend in very large measure upon the administrative policies must be tested volume of popular sentiment which may by the extent to which they show ac- be created in its favor among the comtual results in the development of mon people of the earth, therefore be it Christian character, habits and ideals." The basic purpose is religious Resolved, That we urgently recommend and Chri~tian; the method is through the appointment of a peace committee in every local church, whose duty it shall be to foster the peace sentiment of the con- gregation by means of literature, lectures and other methods, and to cooperate with like committees from other groups in the interest of world peace.

an approach to the problems, interests As a help toward an understanding and needs of youth today. Truth is of the issues involved in the disarm- in this statement: "While religious ament parley ·set for February, 1932, values may inhere in any program, it the Commission on International Jus-

tice and Goodwill has prepared a pam- ganized, apathetic congregation. There phlet, setting forth salient facts re- are now 41 members, with an average garding war, and a brief discussion of Sunday attendance of over 100. the following questions; Cost of Armaments, Cost of the World War, Move- The Deatons are purchasing an ments for Disarmament, America's eighty-acre farm adjoining their Part at the Conference. Suggestions church, and are contributing it to the are made as to what friends of peace people for their own upbuilding. The may do. work on the farm will be done by mem- bers of the congregation under the di- Indian Bureau Reorganized rection of the preacher, who is an agricultural graduate and the profit of I N MARCH a complete reorganiza- the farm will go directly to the church. tion of the Bureau of Indian Affairs Already the men of the church have of the U. S. Department of the Inte- set out three hundred peach trees. rior went into effect following more than a year's study by the Oommis- The primary purpose is to furnish sioner of Indian Affairs. Coordination an adequate outlet for the social and and cooperation are the keynotes of recreational needs of the community. the new system. Five field divisions On a fifteen-acre field will be located a of health, education, agricultural ex- baseball diamond, tennis and volleytension and industry, forestry and ir- ball courts and other recreational farigation have been organized with a cilities. Old-fashioned sports will be technical or professional director at revived. the head of each. These divisions are grouped under two assistants to the This will be the headquarters of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs whose local Home Economics Club, several spheres are defined as Human Rela- 4-H Clubs, a Boy Scout troop, and the tions and Property. The Assistant to other activities that identify a widethe Commissioner on Human Relations awake and progressive community. will be directly responsible to the Commissioner for the coordination of Growth of United Church of Canada the divisions of health, education, and agricultural extension and industry. F RIENDS of Christian unity will be The Assistant to the Commissioner on gratified with a statistical report of Property will be directly re·sponsible the United Church of Canada. In 1925, for all activities dealing with the when Presbyterians, Methodists and guardianship of Indian property, Congregationalists united there were tribal and individual, land, irrigation, 600,522 members. Now there are 662,- and forestry. 258, a gain in each year of union. The 369,562 families are now 417,815. Church Operates a Farm Though there are fewer Sunday Schools, there are 56,000 more pupils ASOCIAL and religious experiment and 64,000 more members in young that promises much toward the people's societies. Though church propsolution of the recreational, cultural erty values have risen by $14,000,000, and devotional problems of rural com- the debt is up only $1,700,000. Pasmunities, has been undertaken in the tors' salaries show a gain of $500,000 Valley City community of Harrison despite the depression, which has re- County, Indiana, not far from Louis- duced the total amount raised by the ville, Ky., a project without precedent United Church from $16,968,243 in in rural service. 1925-26, to $16,421,286 in the year ending December 31, 1930. When Rev. and Mrs. B. P. Deaton took charge of a church in this com- The Lindberghs at Point Barrow munity about a year ago, they found four resident members, and' a disor- I N ANTICIPATION of Col. and Mrs. Charles A. Lindbergh's visit to Alaska, the National Board of the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., wired Cakchiquel New TestaJllent its missionaries at Point Barrow t'O T HE Indians 'Of Guatemala now place at their disp'Osal all the facilities have the entire New Testament available at that nDrthern point. translated and published in their 'Own dialect. At a special conference held Point Barrow was practically the half-way stop on the Colonel'·s trip to at Patzum May 19th and 20th, the first the Orient, lying almost 300 miles copy in Cakchiquel was presented tD within the Arctic Circle. The little the president 'Of Guatemala; the sectDwn has from 400 to 600 inhabitants, Dnd tD Trinidad Bac, 'One of two native with many migratory residents. For assistant translatDrs called the Paul 'Of most 'Of the year it is almost iSDlated his people; a third tD Mrs. Greenleaf, frDm civilizatiDn. It receives four who has contributed liberally t'O the mails annually, three by dog team and Bible Institute of Panajachel and four 'One by bDat in the summer time. Sup- copies tD y'Oung men who had aided in plies are received once a year thrDugh the translation. The copies were b'Ound the Steamship HDlmes, an 'Old sailing in the colors 'Of the natiDnal fiag, on vessel that visits Dut-Df-the-way fish- excellent paper and appeal tD the ing hamlets 'On the CDast. In 1928, the Indians' artistic sense.

t'Own became mDre clDsely connected The great masses of these Indians with the WDrld by the installatiDn 'Of a cannDt read or write. The next few wireless, and in 1929, a gDvernment mDnths an intensive campaign is tD be radiD receiving and brDadcasting set carried 'On whereby grDups of workers was installed. are to meet with Cakchiquel brethren The w'Ork dDne by the Presbyterian in strategic centers tD prepare them Church is mDst nDtewDrthy, hDspitali- to teach 'Others to read. zati'On being a particularly valuable feature. Dr. and Mrs. Henry W. EUROPE Griest serve as physician, pastor and Methodist Union in England head nurse respectively. ON JULY 16th the representative There are 'Only tWD m'Onths in the session of the Wesleyan Methodist year, July and August, when there is Conference voted, by 558 t'O 14, in 0''0 snDW 'On the grDund. favor of the scheme for amalgamating LATIN AMERICA the Weslevan Methodist, Primitive Methodist' and United Methodist New Merger in Porto Rico Churches int'O one bcdy. As this year's ANEW merger 'Of den'Ominations has Primitive Methodist and United Meth- taken place in PDrtD RicD where odist Conferences reached the same the mi·ssions 'Of the CDngregatiDnal, decision by majorities 'Of ninety-nine the Christian and the United Brethren per cent, the way is now clear for the Churches have cDmbined tD fDrm the actual union. Next year each of the Evangelical Church 'Of PDrtD RicD. three conferences will first meet sepa- The new group has a membership 'Of rately fDr the transaction 'Of ordinary 3,518 and embraces 36 native IDeal business, and will then adjourn f'Or a churches and 74 ,'Other pDints where united meeting in London on Septem- regular services are held; 77 Bible ber 20th. From that date MethDdism schools enr'Oll 6,292 and 42 young peD- in Great Britain will enter up'On a new pIe's societies have 1,587 members. era. The almost unanimous vote in the During 1930 a little mDre than $13,000 three conferences is an encouraging was raised IDcally for the work, $57,- omen for the future.

000 being contributed by the missi'On Following the decision looking to- bDards 'Of the three den'Ominations in ward Methodist uni'On, it is rep'Orted the United States. The total valuati'On that the Wesleyan Methodist Confer- of 50 church edifices and other build- ence has agreed t'O give the Federal ings is almost $500,000. Council 'Of the Evangelical Free

Churches authority to accept the Arch- men there for ultimate settlement in bishop of Canterbury's invitation to Palestine. Gifts amounting. to £265 appoint representatives of the Free were pledged or given and an anony- Churches. The Free Church repre- mous contributor promised £1,000 for sentatives will meet Church of Eng- the project.-The Christian.

land representatives to renew confer- ences on the subject of reunion. Mission Congress in Pa.ris Hebrew Christian Alliance PROTESTANTS in France every year hold a congress which they T HE Hebrew Christian Alliance call the Protestant Week, organized by held its third International Confer- the Evangelical Federation.' This year ence in England with approximately it gave place to a "Congress of Mis- 200 delegates, representing 23 coun- sions" which was an eloquent demon- tries. The dominant note was the ear- stration of the interest which the mis- nest desire that Christ should be the sionary work arouses among French center of the Conference, of the work Protestants and among many friends of the Alliance, and the lives of its of every good cause who appreciate members. Reports of the condition of the educational and social value of this the Jewish people in different coun- Christian work. tries led to a discussion as to the best In the Colonial Exposition, along- way of winning them for Christ, and side of the Roman Catholic Pavilion, the responsibility of the International stood the one of Protestant Missions Hebrew Christian Alliance. The prob- with exhibits in which were indige- lem of the Hebrew Christian in coun- nous objects typical of every country, tries where Roman Catholicism and photographs, pictures, giving an idea Greek Orthodoxy predominates, and of the labor put forth by the Evan- where the Reformed Churches are gelical Missions.

anti-Semitic in outlook, was discussed. The meetings of the Congress were and a commission of inquiry was ap~ well attended and the subjects for dis- pointed. cussion were presented by competent The plight of Hebrew Christians in and experienced men. The self-denying Poland was noted and in certain cases and heroic work of the French Evanmissionaries in that country have felt gelical missionaries had thus been compelled to refuse or delay baptism made known to many and it is to be to converts because of economic re- hoped that the Mission Society will sults inevitable. The Jew who openly receive an increase of sympathy and confesses his faith in Christ loses his of means in its extensive work.-Esmeans of livelihood, and is faced with pana Evangelica.

starvation for himself and his family.

A scheme was outlined by Rev. H. The Church and the State in Italy T C. Carpenter for the establishment of HERE is sure to be trouble when an agricultural colony at an initial cost . both Church and State claim su- of about £3,000. In such a colony men preme authority over national sub- could be received and trained, and jects. In Italy Premier Mussolini be- given work. The scheme was com- came suspicious 'Of the "Catholic Ac- mended by Sir Leon Levison, who ex- tion" societies as being out of har- plained that the trustees of Abraham's mony with Facism. He ordered them Vineyard, Jerusalem, had been offered dissolved. This was considered by the £15,000 for the property, and were Vatican a blow at the Church and·the considering the sale and the purchas- Pope issued an Encyclical on July 4th, ing of agricultural land in Palestine, making it clear that .the diplomatic upon which Hebrew Christian families interchanges between the Vatican and could be settled. He suggested inter- the Italian Government had contrib- relating the two schemes, to relieve uted nothing toward clearing up the the situation in Poland-and to train controversy. The question is: Who

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

is to control the training of the youth synod, to study the problem of reli- of Italy? The State, says II Duce. gious education in Greece, and "under- The Church, says the Vatican. The take whatever seems necessary to oath of unconditional obedience to "an bring the standards of religious edu- authority which can give orders cation in Greece up to the best mod- against all truth and justice" is illicit, ern requirements." The increase of says the Pope. His description of the sermons in the church, almost un- State-in contrast with the Church- known ten years ago, and its enlarged as "an authority which can give or- social and philanthropic work since ders against all truth and justice" the War, offer evidence that the does not help in restoring a pleasant Church in Greece is trying to meet the feeling between Church and State. On moral and social requirements of to- September 1st, an agreement was day. Among its first actions, the com- reached restoring the right of "Cath- mittee has announced a prize to be olic Action" but limiting them wholly awarded the author of the best study to social and religious activities. The of the history of religious education.

question of Catholic schools is not yet settled. Protestantism in Jugoslavia Anti-Protestp.nt Activity ALAW has been promulgated in Jugoslavia indicating the amount APRESS despatch from Rome, dated of government support to be given August 27th, reports that Pope annually to the Protestant churches in Pius XI plans, in his next pastoral the country. The total sum (1,444,000 letter, to intensify his protests against din.) will be divided according to the American Protestants "proselyting" membership statistics furnished by in Italy. the churches.

This decision was prompted by the The Council of Bishops of the Serlaying of the cornerstone of the large bian Orthodox Church convened Sep- Methodist church at Tagliacozzo, not tember 14th, to make final decisions far from Rome. Methodists went about the new church constitution infrom Rome to swell the crowd of local tended to adapt the church law and adhe"ents and the ceremony was re- politics to post-war conditrons, political garded as a challenge to the Catholic and national. Church.

The ceremony was conducted in The fourth annual convention of Italian and a copy of the authorized temperance societies in Jugoslavia has English v3rsion of the Bible was just closed in Belgrade. It lasted four placed in the cornerstone. days and was attended by over 200 Missionary efforts of Methodists in official delegates.

the town of Anticoli Corrado, where American pastors distributed Bibles Gospel on the Russian Frontier to the people, resulted in the Catholic STRATEGIC points along the Ruspriest at Anticoli Corrado asking the sian frontier are being occupied people to bring the Bibles to him and by agents of the Religious Tract Sohe burned them. ciety of Great Britain for the purpose of distributing literature to counter- The Tagliacozzo Church was built act the atheistic efforts of the Soviet by Italians who had returned from Union. One means of communication America. The Methodist Episcopal with the interior is through the lum- Church's missionary activity in Italy bermen who come down the rivers on has been reduced to a minimum by the timber rafts, and return with Gospels present laws.

Religious Educa.tion in Greece and other literature. Other Russians, T HE synod of the Church of Greece whose labors bring them to the fron- has instituted a committee of eight, tier, are another means of contact.- presided over by the president of the Alliance Weekly.

Atheism in Russia took especial interest in the develop- ment of the Swedish Church Mission I N MOSCOW an atheistic university in China and his viewpoints bore rich for children was recently organ- fruit in the conduct of this work. ized. The purpose of this is to train antireligious agitators, propagandists AFRICA and organizers in schools, collective farms, vacation colonies and families. Ocean-to-Ocean Railway Instruction is to be given once a day for a five-day week. Every pioneer T HE first train to cross Africa from group, or atheistic group, in the ocean to ocean left Lobito, on the schools must send six children to the west coast, early in July, and ran to university. The children are divided Beira, on the east coast, a distance of into brigades, each brigade comprising 2,949 miles. This train traversed in two to three schools. The leader is re- turn Portuguese, Belgian, British, and sponsible for the attendance and work again Portuguese territory. of the children. A contest has been organized for the best work, the most The enterprise is predominantly assiduous attendance and the best dis- British, and will always be associated cipline. After studying "Religion, Col- with the names of Cecil Rhodes and lective Farming and Campaign of Sir Robert Williams. A correspondent Seed-sowing:' the university is to pro- of the London Times writes: ceed to the collective farms and the children are to enact their antireli- It was by the decision of Cecil Rhodes gious propaganda. that Beira became the port for Rhodesia; it was Williams who, having convinced The Soviet authorities have refused himself Qf the mineral wealth of Kaadmission to a number of American tanga, determined that it should have a ministers who wanted to take part in direct outlet to the sea by the shortest the tours organized by the Soviet gov- route-namely, to the west coast through ernment. The tourist agencies have Angola. been notified that the participation of ministers in such tours "is fo)," the This railway, like the airplane, will present not desirable." be of immense benefit to missionarv work in Africa by transporting mis- sionaries, Bibles, mail and provisions.

ReforlllS in Abyssinia Arehbishop Jonathan Soderblolll ALL Christians will be interested in recent news from the land which T HE Svensk Missionstidning brings gave to Christianity its first known a charming tribute to the late African convert. Ethiopia was a Archbishop Soderblom by Bishop Da- Christian land hundreds of years benell, relating the archbishop and the fore America was discovered. On July cause of missions. As a student, Dr. 16th by decree of the "Conquering Soderblom became interested in for- Lion of Judah and Elect of God," Emeign missions and was an active leader peror Haile Selassie, the government in the student missionary society at of ancient Ethiopia has been changed Upsala. He was for a long time the from an absolute to a constitutional editor of a missionary magazine pub- monarchy. The new constitution, lished by the students and laid the granted by the Emperor upon his own foundations for a more thorough un- initiative, provides for two legislative derstanding of the problems of mis- chambers with responsible ministers sions in his own country. to carry out decisions reached. This is in line with other reforms previous- As archbishop he was the president ly undertaken by him to better the of the Swedish Mission Society's condition of his ten million subjects. Board of Directors and it was here He had begun the establishment of that his rich endowment as a scholar schools and has issued a decree makshone. His influence led to many re- ing education compulsory. The Emforms in the conduct of the work. He

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

peror promises that the future devel- workers are overwhelmed by the situaopment of the empire will be "inspired tion. Over 60 new outstations were by scientific principles." The Emperor, added in three weeks. heir apparent and foreign diplomats all signed the new Constitution. One young catechist has 14 villages under him, and in each village there A New Mass Movell1ent are anywhere from one to three hun- dred people clamoring for instruction T OKOJA is well known to all inter- in the Christian religion. L ested in the history of Northern The head chief of this Bassa dis- Nigeria. The now overgrown and trict, who is a Moslem, offered to build desolate site mentioned in "The Ro- a house and school free of all cost to mance of the Black River," still known the Society if only they would go and in Africa as Victoria, was the first live among them. foothold given to the British in the vast Northern Nigeria 91 years ago. The Sunday morning attendance at Looking across the broad expanse of church in one town rose from an averthe Niger and Benue from that spot age of 70 to 500 one Sunday, 800 the one can see the town of Gbebe, where next, and the following Sunday there the fir·st converts to Christianity were were over 1,000! baptized in 1862. Progress in East Africa Lokoja was the place chosen by pioneers from which to reach out to Bida T HE Anglican Bishop on the Upper .and the vast unevangelized north. The Nile, Dr. A. L. Kitching, gives a C. M. S. has two churches in Lokoja in vivid picture in the Church Missionary which services are held in four differ- Outlook of the wonderful progress in ent languages every Sunday. The the Elgon Mission, a Kenya Colony clergyman in charge is the son of an field occupied thirty-one years ago. At African martyr who was killed by present there are 13,000 inquirers poisoned arrows when preaching the under regular instruction for baptism, Gospel. There is an excellent school and 54,000 people of all ages meeting with over 200 pupils. day by day in the "bush" schools, as the most elementary type of school is The work in the surrounding dis- called. trict calls for much prayer. A mass movement and a martyrdom took place The Christian community numbers here within two months. 77,000, and out of that number 2,100, 01' one in every thirty-seven, are en- A young Yoruba prophet whom "the gaged in some form of church work. Lord took," not from "foJIowing the To equip these workers for their task flock," like Amos, but from driving a is a most important matter. The idea steamroller, gave up his lucrative job of service is very real to Elgon Chrisand started preaching. His theme was tians, the majority of these 2,100 confession and repentance of sin and workers being supported by the Afribelief in Jesus. He possesses the gift can Christian community, assisted by of healing, and wonderful cures have government grants for the betterbeen effected. Thousands of people qualified schoolmasters. have flocked to him, bringing their sick ones with them. Hundreds have Lovedale Anniversary confessed their sins of witchcraft, thousands have publicly burned their I N JULY, Lovedale Institute in idols, while Moslems have given up South Africa celebrated its ninetheir rosaries. These people are now tieth anniversary. The Institute was clamoring for Christian instruction. named in memory of the Rev. Dr. John Love who, when quite a young man in In the Bassa country the entire London, wrote a circular letter calling heathen population have given up together a number of friends to contheir idols and are pouring into the sider whether Christian people in church. The little handful of C. M. S. Great Britain were not neglecting a

duty since they did not send the Gos- quest of the British Government in pel to the peoples of Africa and other 1928, because the efforts to suppress lands. As a result of that circular and opium smuggling had failed. In the the meeting which followed, there was fifteen oountries visited there are founded the London Missionary So- nearly 350,000 legal smokers of opium ciety in 1795; of that Society Mr. and at least more than twice as many Love became the first Secretary. In illegal smokers. The Governments con- 1800 he removed to Glasgow and, while cerned derive £9,000,000 from its sale there, became in 1807, Chairman of every year. Smugglers make as much the Glasgow Missionary Society, and and more. The Commissiun makes from 1809 until his death in 1825 he several suggestions at the end of its was secretary of it. Lovedale was report: There must be more continu- given its name to commemorate Dr. ous international cooperation. There Love. must be far more scientific and med- Good News from. Minga ical research. Credit for purchases should not be given to any smoker. REV. J. J. DAVIS, missionary in The price should be kept so low as to charge of the evangelistic depart- make smuggling unprofitable. Lastly, ment of the Southern Methodist work there should be a permanent League at Minga, in the Belgian Congo, sends Opium Office in the Far East.-Indian the following encouraging report: Witness.

During the past year we have traveled Coming Student Volunteer Convention over the Minga District about 450 miles, preaching the Gospel, interviewing chiefs, BUFFALO has been chosen for the' and trying to encourage the native evan- forthcoming Quadrennial Convengelists. We have preached 212 times tion of the Student Volunteer Moveduring the year, have received into the ment, December 30, 1931, to January church forty-two members, and have 3, 1932. This convention will probbuilt eight new churches. ably bring together fur five days be- The general state of the church is tween 3,500 and 4,500 students from better than at the beginning of the year. 750 to 800 colleges, universities, and Some have come saying that they wanted professional schools throughout Canto give up all their superstitions and ada and the United States. false beliefs. . Many native evangelists show a genu- The program is being built around ine desire to have the fire of God in their the theme, "The Living Christ in the hearts and to help others find Christ as World of Today." The aim will be to their Saviour and friend. present to students a comprehensive view of the world, the enterprise of MISCELLANEOUS Another Million TestlU11ent Cam.paign T HE recent Million Testaments Christian missions at work in the Campaign for Latin America has world, and what students must do to reached its goal. More than 38,000 help the Church in its missionary task contributions from 20,000 donors fi- at home and abroad. Speakers will in- nanced the project. Previous to the clude missionaries and mission board Latin America campaign there was a secretaries, leading Japanese, Chinese, similar effort in China. It is now pro- and other Christian nationals. Dr.

posed to carry out a Million Testa- Paul Harrison of Arabia, Dr. John ments campaign for the students in Mackay of South America, and Mr.

the United States and Canada, supply- D. D. T. Jabavu 'of South Africa are ing all institutions of learning with among those who have agreed to par- attractively bound New Testaments. ticipate.

League of Nations and Opium. During the Student Volunteer Move- ment's history, over 12,500 Student T HE new League Report on Opium Volunteers have gone out as mission- Smoking in the Far East brings aries to foreign lands and thousands out several hitherto unknown facts. of others have entered into Christian The Commission was set at the re- service in North America.

WORTH

~~ Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Making of Modern Missions. By tells, simply, and powerfully, the story Stacy R. Warburton. 8vo. 196 pp. of the pains through which Africa has $1.50. Revell. New York. 1931. begun to emerge, birth pains of her own suffering and the pain of those No one can understand fully the who gave life that she might live. We progress of civilization who does not meet the pioneers of the "White Man's know the facts of religious history- Graveyard," men like Paull, Wilson, especially of Christian missions. This Nassau, Good. We see them walking religious influence and progress goes the palm-fringed shore and the long back to the dawn of history and Chris- trails of the forest, enduring the heat tian missions began with the advent of of the day, the chill of night, the del- Christ. The situation in the world to- uge, the drought, the loneliness; we day is the result of the acceptance or see them sustained in all and through rejection of Christ's program, ignor- all by the "durable satisfactions" until ance or compromise concerning the they poured out their last measure of Gospel and its implications. devotion in death.

Prof. Warburton has given us a Part II is a more personal narrative. very careful and thoughtful study of Mr. Wheeler takes us on a personally the significance, the purpose and the conducted tour down the West Coast, development of Christian missions. along shores once ·so familiar to the These six chapters present a philos- slavers, into the jungle and out on the ophy of missions-discussing their other side into the tall grass. Attensignificance, aim, methods and author- tion is directed to the laudable work of ity. The author rightly holds that the the French Government in combating aim of missions is to present Christ sleeping sickness, "the scourge of as the only sufficient Saviour from sin Africa." A short chapter on apes, and its consequences. He is unique with which the author became very and the final authority for proclaiming familiar, is included. the Gospel to all.

The Words of God in an African Forest. The larger part is devoted to the work of the Pre.sbyterian mission. We WTheestSAtofrryicao.f aBnyAWm.eRriecganinaMldissWiohneeiln- visit stations in the Cameroun and er. 8vo. lIlus. 318 pp. $3. Revell. New York. Spanish Guinea where the work was made possible through the efforts and The African has a tale of a man who sacrifices of the pioneers, and there we set a trap in the forest. Each animal catch intimate glimpses of the modern . caught raised its voice at the uplifted missionary at work: doctor, teacher, spear saying, "Don't kill me; some- printer, builder, minister.

thing better is coming!" The patience To the missionary the book brings a of the man was finally rewarded. quickening of the pulse, a renewing of vows; to the friend of missions it Here is a book for which we have offers cause for thanksgiving fo r the been waiting. It takes us through one evidences of the Kingdom of God comhundred years of a mission in Africa ing in West Africa.-J. MeN. -"emerging Africa." The author 797

Tanganyika's New Day. By the Rt. Rev. The Japan Mission Year Book. Edited G. A. Chambers. 68 pages. Is. Church by L. J. Shafer. 8vo. 449 pp. Yen Missionary Society. London. 1931. 2.50 (U. S. A. $1.50). Kyo Bun Kwan. Tokyo. 1931. A description by the Bishop of Central Tanganyika of an African "dio- The outstanding feature-s of this cese including 2,000,000 out of the 4,- year book are the reviews of the gen- 300,000 Africans who comprise the eral Christian situation by the Rev. native population of the territory, the A. Ebizawa, the relation of Christianinhabitants of an area 200,000 square ity to Shintoism by Dr. Toyohiko Kamiles in extent." The missionary re- gawa, the story of the missionary situsponsibility for service in this area ation by the Rev. W. G. Hoekji and has been accepted by the Federal Coun- student thought and Christianity by cil of the Australian Church Mission- Prof. S. Nakajima. There are over ary Society, and Bishop Chambers, an twenty-five chapters on Christianity Australian, in 1927 was consecrated at and Education, Social Reform, Liter- Canterbury as the first Bishop of this ature, Religion and the general situa- tion in Japan. Two chapters are diocese. devoted to Formosa-evangelism in North Formosa and work among the Tanganyika is a mandate held by aborigines. There are also five appen- Great Britain under the League of dices and various directories and tables Nations and Bishop Chambers' brief of statistics. -The chapters are well volume presents a clear picture and a worth reading and give the most genconcise summary of the work which eral up-to-date and authoritative in- Australian missionaries are carrying formation in existence in regard to on with and for the native peoples of Christianity and its impact upon Jathis African mandate.-W. R. W. pan. There are now 58 missionary bodies working in Japan and two in Beautiful Gold-A Story of Burma. By Formosa, with 1,198 foreign mission- Robert Bruce Thurber. 12mo. 211 pp. aries and 5,573 native Christian em- $1.50. Revell. New York. 1931. ployed workers. These have founded 2,155 organized churches and gath- Hla Shway (translated "Beautiful ered 214,970 baptized Christians. Gold") was a Burmese maiden of many There is the usual alphabetical list of adventures. Left an orphan when a missionaries and mission stations. young girl, she escaped the evil designs of men and the dangers of man-hunting Bahaism; Its Origin, History and Teachtigers. She was very beautiful but ings. By William McElwee Miller. Indeveloped leprosy and wandered far to troduction by Robert E. Speer, D.D. secure the famous kalow bean from 12mo. 214 pp. Revell, New York. which comes chaulmoogra oil which 1931. was reputed to cure the dread disease. She found the bean, a friend, a mis- One of the modern religious movesion hospital, a trade, a lover and ments which has left a considerable above all found Christ her Saviour. impression upon the Near East, espe- The story of how she sought and found cially in Persia, and strangely enough are graphically told and the story in its later developments upon some breathes a Burmese atmosphere of individuals and circles in the West, town and jungle. The leprosy cure is assumed that of Bahaism. In its short a little too -speedy and too certain to history of less than 100 years it has 'correspond with fact-as is possibly assumed many forms. In the middle true also of her quick conversion to of the last century it appeared under Christ. There is also an error in the the name of Babism, from the title statement that there are no lepers in Bab (the Gate) appropriated by its the United States. But the story is a martyred founder and head, Mirza Ali good, interesting, wholesome tale Muhammad of Shiraz, Persia. It soon which also throws light on life in Bur- spread rapidly but secretly (due to ma.

BOOKS WORTH READING

persecution) into all parts of that tributed by two missionaries in Per- country. Less than twenty years after sia. The first was by Dr. S. G. Wilson the violent death of the Bab however, called "Bahaism and its Claims," pub- one of his disciples, Baha'u'llah set up lished in 1915. This new presentation the claim to be a new "Manifestation of the subject supplements Dr. Wil- of God," of whom the Bab was only a son's interesting and scholarly work.

forerunner or John the Baptist. With and brings the story down to date, incredible suddenness the followers of putting its history and theology into the latter ,switched to the new incar- a form accessible to the ordinary nation with his abrogating revelation, reader. Mr. Miller's knowledge of the and since that day the Babi faith has vernacular, which has given him ac- been superseded by its spiritual child, cess to Persian literature, as well as the Bahai. English and French, his personal con- Born in Persia, with its roots deep tacts with Bahais on the missionary in the religious ideas, endemic in Shi- field, and his visit to Shoghi Effendi.

ite Mohammedanism, of divine incar- the present head of the faith, enables nations or manifestations and of him to speak with precision and au- prophetic cycles or returns, it has thority. The result is a bOQk that is gradually changed its character clear, direct, readable, thoroughly in- through the efforts ·of Baha'u'llah and teresting to anyone who cares about his son Abbas Effendi to speak (at modern religious movements. At the least to occidental ears) a more uni- same time its thoroughness and care- versal language. Discarding for its ful documenting of all statements western audience some of its Shiite makes it very satisfactory to scholars.

jargon, so unmeaning to most of us, That the author finds little to com- it is now proclaiming the approved and mend in the character of the religion unoriginal ideas of "oneness of the and in its record is no proof of his human race," "international peace," "missionary prejudices." It is rather "the equality of men and women" and the attitude, we feel, that all must "universal education." But back in take who know the facts. It is a good its old home in the East Bahaism is book to give to anyone interested in still in theological terminology and the history of religion, but especially spirit essentially a sect of Islam. Ex- to put into the hands of those in cept for the enthusiasm and devotion America and England who have been of many of its early followers and swept away by the appeal Bahaism is their missionary and martyr spirit, making (for western consumption) in few religions have offered less of the behalf of humanism, internationalism bread of life for the spiritual hunger and racial brotherhood. R. M. L.

of mankind. Its theology is absurdly imaginary and mystical; its practical "Out of the Depths"-The Life-Story of inj unctions legalistic, barren, trivial; Henry F. Milans. By Ensign Clarence its history one of bitter contentions W. Hall, with Foreword by Evangeline for personal supremacy that have not C. Booth. 224 pp. $1.50. Revell. 1930.

stopped short of assassination, mutila- This is a complete account of the tion and forgery of documents, and marvelous work of the grace of God wholesale misrepresentations. in the absolute deliverance of an edu- The story of this strange movement cated drunken bum, literally brought in its earliest stages was written in up "out of the depths" through the French by the Count de Gobineau; Salvation Army. It gives thrilling later in much fuller form was told in evidence of the precious truth that English by the gifted, scholarly and salvation is by faith in the Lord Jesus sympathetic Dr. E. C. Browne of Christ. It is a marvelous case, splen- Cambridge University. In America didly written and full of fine touches.

valuable volumes on the principles and So sudden and complete was the practices of Bahaism have been con- change in this man that it confirms

faith in the power of Jesus, through day to other communions and the atti- His death to save the worst. Here is tude of the people of the young Re- the whole story of Henry Milans- public toward the social problems parentage, work on the newspapers of which grew out of the common use of New York, the grip of the awful habit, alcoholic liquors and the institutions falls, loss of everything, the awful life of slavery. An exhaustive bibliography on the Bowery, given up by the doc- makes the book of great value to stu- tors as a hopeless alcoholic. Then the dents. A second volume, soon to be love of God shown in the workers of published, will tell of Presbyterians the Salvation Army, the act of faith, and Congregationalists during the the great change, the noble struggle, same period. B. G. J.

the regaining of his position, and Bible Characters in the Koran. By John home. Finally we read of the conse- Walker. 136 pp. 68, 6d. Paisley. crated zeal of Mr. Milans in the work London. 1931. he is now carrying on, witnessing and writing innumerable letters to save To those who desire a brief introothers. It is unforgettable! There is duction to a fascinating subject we pardon and love and hope for the heartily recommend this little volume. worst sinners in any land! Hallelujah! It is generally known that there are many references, especially to Old FRANK LUKENS. Testament Bible characters, in the Religion on the American Frontier-The Koran. The author presents these in alphabetical order from Aaron to Baptists 1783-1830. A collection of Zacharias. As he points out in his source material. By William Warren Preface, his object was "to present in Sweet. 652 pp. Holt. New York. 1931.

This is the first of a series of vol- an accessible form all the Biblical perumes, projected from source materials sonages who are mentioned either dicovering the full story of American rectly or indirectly by Mohammed in Christianity. It deals with the expan- his Koranic utterances. The Koran itself is such a medley of fantastic ficsion of Baptists into the territory be- tion and apocryphal illusions that it is tween the Alleghany Mountains and interesting to separate the biblical the Mississippi River, from the close elements from the rest…… The great of the Revolution to the year 1830. Arabian prophet, it must be remem- Its author is professor of History of bered, never received our canonical American Christianity in the University of Chicago Divinity School. The Scriptures. He had to depend on early chapters discuss the status of the garbled accounts, on Talmudic legends Baptists in America at the close of and fantasies; on the reports of false gospels; on the figments of Jewish the Revolution; Baptist migration and Christian proselytes; and on any and expansion westward; the frontier oral informatIon that might be given Baptist preacher and the frontier Bap- to him by the members of his housetist church; the rise of the antimission Baptists, and anti-slavery hold or the companions of his travels." movements among Baptists. The A similar compilation appeared some larger part of the book makes avail- years ago by a Moslem convert in able a rare collection of documents India, but that was merely a series of selected from manuscripts and out-of- Koran passages. Mr. Walker gives in print sources, such as records and addition SQme excellent critical notes.

biographical material from the diaries S. M. Z.

of frontier preachers and the minutes The Preaching Value of Missions. By of early Baptist churches and associa- Helen Barrett Montgomery. 166 pp. tions in Kentucky and Illinois. These $1. Judson Press, Phila., Pa.

documents illuminate the discipline of The author is well known for her the local church membership, the re- deep interest in the subject and her lation of the Baptist churches of that experience in winning others for the

enterprise. She gives six The Twenty-third Psalm. By John Mc-

reasons why the study and teaching "'eill. 12mo. 94 pp. 28, 6d. Pickering of Missions are valuable-"for the and Inglis. London. 1931. pastor's own spiritual welfare, for the revivifying of the Christian life of the Dr. McNeill, the well-known and genial Scotch preacher, has a gift for church, for the rekindling of a living picturesque exposition and illustrafaith in the fundamental truths of the tion. He here sets forth graphically Gospel, for opening the springs of and with many colloquial Scotch saygenerosity in the church membership, ings, the cheering statements of the for developing the heroic and the sac- Shepherd's Psalm as six strings of the rificial in Christian experience of the psalmist's harp on which he plays whole church, and for development of heavenly music. It is a comforting, a true world outlook and international strengthening exposition-not deep interest in both pastor and people." but true and refreshing.

After having shown the value, Mrs. The Lord's Day or Sabbath. By Norman Montgomery presents a study of Mis- C. Deck. 12mo. 157 pp. 38. Pickersions in the Old Testament, in the ing and Inglis. London. 1931. New Testament, and in history. The neglected field of Mission biography, Many missionaries are troubled by as an inspiration for the pulpit and the Old Testament legalistic teachings the pew, is pointed out together with of Seventh-Day Adventists who have methods for building up a missionary- entered their field and seek to draw minded church. It is astonishing to away Christian converts who have find no reference to missions to Mo- learned that salvation comes by works. hammedan lands; the bibliography, This is a clear and convincing study of which is fairly good, has the same the question as to whether Christians blind spot. The lectures were delivered should observe the seventh day as the at Newton Theological Seminary so Sabbath or the first day of the week that the omission may be accounted as the Lord's Day. Missionaries will for by the fact that the Baptists of find it clear and helpful.

North America have no work in Mos- The Message of the Home Mission Congress lem lands. s. M. Z. of the United Presbyterian Church of North America. Pittsburgh, Pa. 1931.

The Spirit Filled Life or the Lord, the A strong program and powerful ad- dresses from leaders in many branches Spirit. By George Goodman. 12mo. of the Christian Church made up the 216 pp. 38. Pickering and Inglis. Lon- don. 1931.

The Holy Spirit is far too widely Congress held in Pittsburgh last May.

"grieved," neglected and unknown Anyone interested in Home Missions among Christians today. Few of them and Christians interested in the pro- know the teaching of the New Testa- gram of Christ will be stirred and in- ment on this important subject They structed by reading these messages.

do not know whether to speak of Here, in eleven addresses, one may "Him" or "It" and do not realize His gain light on many topics, such as, the nature or His work in the Church to- new frontiers in Home Missions- day. Mr. Goodman presents here a largely in our cities and unchurched Biblical study of the subject in forty areas; we are impressed by Dr. W.

brief chapters. It is not a new pres- E. McCulloch with the magnitude and entation or a philosophical or the- importance of the Home Mission ological treatise but it is a very prac- Task; we see, through the eyes of Dr.

tical and illuminating study. What a C. B. McAfee, America against the transformation would come in the background of the World; we study Church and in individuals if these with Rev. Carl Wallace Petty, the place facts were made vital in everyday life of Home Missions in the modern world.

and work! The extent of the study and The ninety-six pages of this little its ramifications arz indicated by the pamphlet are packed full of fuel and fact that the index contains over 100 fire for pastors who wish to preach subtopics. Home Mission sermons.

to Others Real Value. The MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

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The Missionary Review of the World — August 1931

'MISSIONARY COMING

PERSONAL DR. LEWIS SEYMOUR MUDGE was elected Moderator at the recent meeting of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

DR. CARL S. PA'"TTO* N *was elected Mod- erator of the National Council of Congregational Churches at the annual meeting in Seattle.

DR. AND MRS. *F. I'". JO'" HNSON returned ~h008e early in July from their visit to the lIOU,. favo,.ite route a,,,l still ~~GO Orient. EMPRESS" DR. A. W. WILK*IE, '"well-known mis- Prefer the Honolulu Toute? Take the sionary of the West Coast of Africa, has new Empress of Japan, largest, fastest liner to been appointed Principal of Lovedale In- the Orient, or huge Empress of Canada. Constitute. For nearly twenty years Cal- nections with San Francisco and Los Angeles abar, made famous by Mary Slessor, was sailings. Quicker crossing? Take Empress of the scene of his labors, but since the War Russia or Empress of Asia, Direct Expre8. to he has had charge of the work on the Japan in 10 days. Both routes from Vancouver Gold Coast that was f(]rmerly carried on (trains direct to ship's side) and Victoria. by the Basel Mission. The great white Empress fleet offers the new ARCHBISHOP GR*EGO'"RIO'" AGLIPAY, of the "Empress" Tourist Cabin, spacious, comfortable ..• with true "Empress" cuisine ••• "of·the· Independent Filipino Church, is visiting Orient" service. Luxurious First Class, too. Also the United States in company with sev- a noted Third Cahin. eral prominent Filipinos. Independent travel.touring round-the-world BISHOP C. P. '"WA'"NG'"has been elected chairman of the National Council for China for two years. He succeeds Bishop Tsen, Protestant Episcopal.

FRED B. * ** moderat(]r of SMITH, recently the National Council of the Congrega- tional Churches of the United States still continues active in world peace promo- tion, education, citizenship and law-ob- servance movements. He was a "Y"

worker in two wars, returning in 1920 to become chairman of the executive com- mittee of the World Alliance for Inter- national Friendship, a movement that would use religion as the prime motive and force for gaining world peace. He is also the vigQrous national chairman of the Citizens' Committee of One Thousand for Law Observance and Enforcement.

MISS HELEN M* . *BRI'C" KMAN, Director and Orient conducted tours with Canadian Pacific veteran travel "know-how." of Indian Work in the Council of Women Information and rates, also reservations from for Home Missions, will serve as Acting your agent or Canadian Paci1ic: New York, Executive Secretary until her resigna- Chicago, Montreal and 32 other cities in U. S. tion takes place in the late fall to be- and Canada. come General Secretary of the Women's Board of Domestic Missions of the Re- formed Church in America.

•** CANADIAN PACIFIC ….. TO THE MRS. ELLA A. BOOLE, president of the ORi£nr Woman's Christian Temperance Union of the United States, was elected presi- dent of the World's Woman's Christian Temperance Union. She succeeds Anna Adams Gordon, who was compelled by illness to relinquish the office after nine years' service, and who has since died.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF TUlD WORLD in writioK to advertisers. REVIEW OF THE WORLD AugUst 18-23 – GENERAL CONFERENCE, SEVENTH DAY BAPTIST CHURCHES, DELAVAN L. Pn'RBoN, Editor Alfred, N. Y.

CONTENTS-August, 1931 August 22-29- UNIVERSAL CHRISTIAN COUNCIL ON LIFE AND WORK, EXEC- Page UTIVE COMMITTEE, Cambridge, Eng- I1~RONTI8PIECE-MISSJONARIES AT LAKE· land.

V I L l.. E September 9-14-NATIONAL B APT I S T CONVENTION, Atlanta, Ga. 'l'HE NEW SPANISH REPUBLIC AND PROTESTAN'l'ISM …………….. . September 16-N A T ION A L COUNCIL, PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH, ••.•..•…••..•. . JUAN OR'l'S GONZALEZ 565 Denver, Colo.

NEW LIBERTY IN NEW SPAIN …… . September 23-24-COMMITTEE OF REFER- ENCE AND COUNSEL, FOREIGN MIS- ••••••••••••••••••. WAYNE H. BOWEHS 570 SIONS CONFERENCE OF NORTH AMER- ICA, New York, N. Y. THE CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN CHI· NA IN 1931 …………. C. Y. CHENG 573 September 28-30-INTERPENOMINATION- AL MISSIONARY INS'J'ITUTE, conducted FORMING NEW MISSIONARY POLICIES by the Philadelphia Federation of A'!' LAKEVILLE ………. THE EDITOR 579 Churches and the Women's Interde- n{)minational Union of Philadelphia SHALL WE SIMPLIFY MISSION WORK? and Vicinity, Philadelphia, Pa. ………………. PAUL W. HARRISO~ 587 October 6-11-INTERNATIONAL CONVEN- WHY I LEFT ISLAM FOR CHRIST …. TION OF DISCIPLES OF CHRIST, Wich- ………… M. A. QAYYUM DASKAWIE 593 ita, Kan.

MRS. JO, "THE SUICIDE DOCTOR" OF November 15 – AN INTERDENOMINA- JAPAN ……………. MAYME MOORE 591 TIONAL MEETING OF MEN 'J'O COM- MEMORATE THE TWENTY-FIFTH AN- "DO YOU LOVE' YOURSELF" …….. . NIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDING OF THE LAYMEN'S MISSIONARY MOVEMENT. ••••••••.•••.•.. WILLIS R. HOTCHKISS 5U9 Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church, New York. SIAM, 'l'HE SURPRISING KINGDOM … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MRS. F. I. JOHNSON 601 OBITUARIES A CRISIS IN MISSIONARY POLICIER ….. . THE REV. DR. JOHN AIlNER MARQUIS, D.D., former moderator of the General ……………….••…. THE EDITOR 603 Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, also formerly president of Coe College, TH~J PLIGHT OF RUSSIAN CHRTS· Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and for seven years TIANS ……………… "………. 608 Executive Secretary of the Board of Na- tional Missions of the Presbyterian MOTION PICTURI~S AND FOREIGN MIS· Church, died at the Presbyterian Hos- SIONS ……….. JAMES '1'OOKER FORD 611 pital, New York, on July 5th.

METHODS FOR WORKERS ………. . Dr. Marquis suffered a stroke of par- . . . . . . . .EDITED BY MRS. F. l. JOHNSON 613 alysis two years ago and retired in 1930 as secretary of the Board of National WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BUL· Missions. LETIN ………………………. 615 Dr. Marquis was born in Dinsmore, WORLD·WIDE OU'l'LOOK …………. 621 Pa., Dec. 27, 1861, a son of James T. and BOOKS WORTH READING ………… 637 Mary C. Bucher Marquis. He was grad- uated from Washington and Jefferson TERMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 In clubs of College, which gave him the honorary five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, degree of LL.D. in 1910. He was grad- 25 cents. published monthly. Copyrighted, uated from Western Theol{)gical Semi- 1931, by :aIrs-srONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM- nary and in 1891 he became associate PANY, INC. All rights reserved. pastor of the First Presbyterian Church at Greensburg, Pa. In 1919 Dr. Mar- 1'HE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING quis made a missi{)nary journey to Alas- COMPANY, INC. ka as General Secretary of the Presby- terian Board of Home Missions, in which ROBIlRT E. SPEER.J President position he served from 1917 until 1923. VILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vicc-Prcs'ident He became Executive Secretary of the Board of National Missions at its forma- DBLAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary tion in 1923. Dr. Marquis was greatly WALTER McDouGALr., Treasurer loved and honored in his ability and Publication Office, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Christian character. Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. Editorial and Business Office, 156 Fifth Avenue, (Concluded on Third Cover.) New York City Entered as seeond·elass matter at the P08t Oftlce, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. I _• KOREA LET YOUR GIFT LAND of the DAWN to Foreign Missions By Dr. James Dale Van Buskirk PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME SeveTance &~ft::M~ti~;::~~Seoul. Kurea You can make a generous gift to foreign mis- A new day has come to Korea,and Christians must sions and have a needed income for yourself develop not only the country itself but the character and others from the money you give by the of the people.

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LIV, No.8 August

THE NEW SPANISH REPUBLIC AND PROTESTANTISM BY DR. JUAN ORTS GONZALEZ, New York Editor oj uLa Nueva DcmoVYacia."

T HE editors of some New Church, is more responsible for this York dailies have taken this mob uprising than anything else. It new Spanish republic as a undoubtedly provoked the whole situakind of joke, similar to the first re- tion. public of 1873-74 which lasted a little more than a year and in that "We are not against the churches short time had four presidents and or the priests," said a sober Spansix cabinets. Some of the leading ish workingman. "We respect the facts which led to the establish- places of worship. But Cardinal ment of this second republic may Segura must be shown that he can- not interfere in politics. He must be of interest. keep his hands off the Republic." The republic of 1873-74 was es- Notwithstanding the fact that tablished by a few politicians but more than forty convents, monashad no root in the people of Spain. teries and churches were burned, This second republic has come to no friars, nuns or priests were life by a plebiscite representing all killed and only one or two of them regions, in an orderly and peaceful were slightly hurt by the crowd. election. More than ninety per In a similar uprising in 1834, more cent of the qualified voters went to than two hundred friars were killed the poles and, even in the district in Madrid alone. where the Royal Palace is located and in Toledo, where the ecclesias- Effects on Religious Liberty tics have such great influence, two- It is very improbable that the thirds voted for the Republic. present Spanish Republic will turn communistic. In the plebiscite the As to the recent mob uprising in two communist candidates in Mawhich many churches, convents drid received twelve votes each and and monasteries were burned, in Barcelona only a few hundreds. Senor de Madariaga says: The circular of the Segura, the The common classes of Spain are Archbishop of Toledo and Primate of very conservative, and because the Spain, in which he addressed the Cath- majority of workingmen have some olics of Spain and urged their support property, either a little house or a of candidates for public office who small piece of land, they abhor coro- would look out for the interests of the munism.

565

This new Spanish Republic of- an agreement between the nation fers to the Spanish Peninsula re- and Roma. At the same time he ligious freedom, separation of said that he expected the clergy to Church and State and full repre- bear in mind that Spain is no long- sentative government. The plebi- er a monarchy but a republic, and scite which established the Republic that they should behave as in other was made up of republicans and republican countries. The last en- socialists, both committed to the cyclical of the Pope condemning policies mentioned above. The first socialism, together with his in- decree of the provisional govern- structions to the Nuncio demand- ment with regard to religious free- ing indemnity for the church build- dom reads: ings burned, if insisted upon, will The provisional government makes compel the Republic to break rela- public its decision to respect most fully tions with Rome and to repeal the the individual conscience through free- Concordat.

dom of belief and worship, forbidding Senor Fernando de los Rios also the State on any occasion to ask of any gave to religious tolerance an irtcitizen to declare his religious convic- terpretation so wide as to mean altions. most complete religious freedom, The right-hand, and probably the the policy advocated by Prime Min- head of the present Republic, the ister Canalejas before he was as- Secretary of Justice (El Ministro sassinated. The true significance de Gracia y Justicia), Senor Fern- of this new interpretation can be ando de los Rios, in his latest books grasped only when one takes into El Sentido Humanista del Social- account the fact that until now re- ismo (The Humanistic Aspect of ligious tolerance has meant to the Socialism) and Religion y Estado Roman Catholic Church and the en la Espaiia del Siglo XVI (Re- conservative monarchists t hat ligion and the State in Spain in the Protestants could have no sign Sixteenth Century), outlines the whatsoever outside their churches same policies for Spain and dep- or chapels to indicate that there reciates the union of Church and was a Protestant center; no bells State and the endorsement of the to ring, not even a door opening on decrees of the Council of Trent as the public street. In the last years laws binding to Spain and Spanish of Primo de Rivera's dictatorship, colonies. He has been very fair in even the Protestant house meetings his appreciation of the Reforma- were suppressed in many towns be- tion and its implications as well as cause the mayors and governors of the implications of the Counter- considered such acts as public.

Reformation. Senor Fernando de los Rios took The plebiscite binds the Republic a further step. He secularized pub- to await the formation of Congress, lic cemeteries and burial places. It the only legislative and legal body has been very humiliating for Prot- capable of applying such policies in estants not to be able to bury their full. For that reason, Senor de dead in the public cemeteries, hav- los Rios, in his first interview with ing to use small adjoining places the Papal Nuncio in Madrid, de- where beasts and unbelievers were clared that the Republic would buried.

maintain the Concordat of 1851 When the Secretary of Justice until Congress decides otherwise as learned that the Roman Catholic

THE NEW SPANISH REPUBLIC AND PROTESTANTISM

Primate of Spain criticized the Re- ther and expel such religious orpublic from the pulpit, he sent word ders as are illegally established in to the Nuncio (the Spanish title of Spain. Until they were closed there the Ambassador of the Pope in Ma- were in Spain about five thousand drid) that either the Pope should convents and monasteries for friars and nuns. The friars and nuns have now left Spain or are living with their relatives or friends. It is the general opinion that those monas- teries and convents will not be opened before Congress meets, and that then they may be closed for- ever.

The Concordat, which is the only legal basis for admitting such or- ders, specifies that only three dif- ferent religious orders could be al- lowed legal existence in Spain and in some exceptional cases a fourth. Today there are more than one hundred and fifty different Roman Catholic religious orders in Spain.

A PROTESTANT CHURCH AND SCHOOL IN SPAIN punish the Primate or the govern- A CATHOLIC CATHEDRAL IN SPAIN ment would be compelled to discipline him. Several liberal governments have tried to reduce the religious orders The Secretary of Education has to three, but the Vatican has aldeclared that religious education ways protested and the ex-King shall not be compulsory in any gov- sided with the Vatican. ernment school, but it shall be given in primary schools when requested by parents. Until now the reverse has been the rule; religious education was compulsory, unless parents had their children excused. The Secretary of the Interior has ordered that no official of the government as such shall attend any religious service. The Secretary of VVar has stated that the soldiers are not compelled to attend Sunday mass, and that those who do attend shall go without arms.

Before Congress meets, the Republic will probably go even fur-

The most hated religious order is :Bearing on Latin America that of the Jesuits. The burning in But the greatest influence of the Madrid started by setting on fire new Republic will be in Latin the three Jesuit centers, the crowds America. So far all the great camthat set them on fire passing by paigns of the Roman Catholic Church to check Protestantism in many other convents and monas- Latin America and to present Protteries without attempting any estantism as something antithetic harm. It is reported by reliable to and destructive of the religion press correspondents that the Republic is considering the suppres- and culture of the Spanish-speaksion of the Jesuit Society in Spain ing countries, have been conducted and exiling its members. In the with the support of the five or six three religious orders named in the millions of Spaniards who are liv- Concordat, the Jesuits are not men- ing today in Latin America, and tioned. Their legal position can be established only as one of the cases who are aided by a few lecturers of that fourth exception. and writers from Spain.

In the national elections on June When the first Protestant Con- 28th, the conservative republicans gress on Christian Work in Latin and socialists obtained an over- America met in Panama in 1916, it was the Jesuit Spanish maga- zine, Razon y Fe, which pointed out whelming majority; only half a to Catholics the danger and peril dozen monarchists were elected, no (as they say) of Protestant propa- communist having thus far been ganda. When, afterwards, Protes- named. tant forces met in Montevideo in The Effect on the Protestants 1924, it was a group of Spaniards that published a big volume, Vio- The immediate effect on the Prot- lando la Clausum, to discredit the estant Church of Spain will be Protestant work. A prominent a greater publicity and a new life. Spanish Jesuit lecturer was also Emblems of Protestantism can now sent around to give lectures about be put on places of worship, with the Roman Catholic Church as op- permission of the government; posed to Protestant Christianity.

public manifestations and acts of Between the Protestant Congress- es in Panama and Montevideo, a worship can also take place. Spanish delegation, headed by a Spanish cardinal, Benlloch, visited Almost all the members of the several Spanish republics to warn Protestant churches are republic- them against Protestantism and to ans or socialists and Spanish social- coordinate the Catholic forces ism is more conservative than the against Protestant propaganda. Labor Party of England. Many leading socialists today, who oc- When Protestants gathered in cupy high positions in the present Havana in 1929, it was Spaniards government, have been for a long who, through La Revista Cat6lica time sympathizers with Protes- (published by Spanish Jesuits in tantism. It is not necessary to be a North America), Razon y Fe (pubprophet or the son of a prophet to lished by Jesuits in Madrid) and foresee that Spanish Protestant- through special lecturers, made ism will now receive fresh impetus great efforts to check the Protesand new life. tant influence and work.

The influence of the Republic in where, in the last analysis, something Spain, committed to religious free- external? Is not all substance, in the dom and separation of Church and last analysis, eternally the same? It is, State, will cause Spaniards in Latin above all, as a model of essential sub- America as well as in Spain to re- stance that Spain means something to act in favor of religious freedom. a Europe which takes such delight in change. In any case, it is only as sub- There have been only a few na- stance becomes reality that Spain has tional leaders in Latin America a European future of a new kind. who have sympathized with Prot- Not for nothing did the new rise of estantism, but now many Span- Spain-for she is incontrovertibly on iards will join them in their sym- the rise again-begin with the close of pathy. the age of progress. Thus may she, as essence, forever remain what she has World-Wide Significance always been.

We hope for even greater things. Later in his lectures in Latin We believe that in God's providence America, Madrid, Paris and Berlin, the hour is coming when, in the he stated that the era of machinery great crisis which the Christian is coming to an end; and that a Church is facing, the Spanish- and new era is looming in which the Portuguese-speaking countries, of Iberian people (men of Spain, Porboth Europe and Latin America, tugal, Brazil and other Spanishwill help to' give a fresh interpreta- speaking countries) will be the tion to Christianity. leaders, and personality and indi- viduality will take the place of ma- The real issue today is between chinery and standardization. the destruction of personality and individuality by such forces as I have not been surprised to read Bolshevism, communism, material- in the April issue of The World ism, industrialism, commercialism, Evangelization, the following: and standardization of life, on the one hand, and, on the other, the Count Keyserling, the eminent phipreservation of personality, indi- losopher and writer, recently said, "I viduality and religion which always prophesy that an Iberian period will have been the great ideals of the follow the North American one which Iberian peoples. we are witnessing. All that is most important for the future of humanity When Keyserling wrote his book is to be expected from Spaqish Amer- "Europe," he said of Spain: ica, which is ripening, and from Spain which is arising. Such a cultural cycle It has always been the same Span- is endowed with all the qualities necesiard: the Spaniard who, in primeval sary to supplement or overpower the times, created the glorious rock monu- onesidedness of North America, leanments; who, as Roman emperor, more ing, as she does, towards the mechanthan once ruled the world; who con- ical and technical without taking into quered the New World; who painted account the true meaning of human the great portraits; who fought for existence." If there is a grain of truth the faith; and who once more today, in these words of the distinguished through the lips of Miguel de Una- author of "Europe and America Set muno, proclaims with magnificent bias Free," they surely lay upon Evanthe gospel of tragedy and of agony. gelical Christians of this generation And when we bear in mind that very who appreciate their responsibilities few peoples have pa,ssed through so towards Christ and towards their felmany racial changes as those of the lowmen, obligations which cannot Iberian peninsula, we are compelled to lightly be discharged. ask ourselves: Is not change every-

LIBERTY IN NEW

BY WAYNE H. BOWERS, Woodstock, Va.

T HE following decree on reli- Article 2. No one, whatever may be gion has been promulgated by his connection with the State, is Alcala Zamora, president of obliged to take part in religious festi- the Spanish Republic, with the con- vals, ceremonies, practices and ob- sent of the cabinet, and on the pro- servances. posal of Fernando de los Rios, Min- Article 3. All confessions are auister of "Justice," the department thorized to maintain their services, to which religious matters belong. both in private and in public, without A preamble refers to the alliance aanrey iomthpeorselidmbityattihoensruthleasn athnodsethwe hliacwh of the monarchy and Roman Ca- of public order.

tholicism, which in former years has reduced attempts to better the Nobody familiar with conditions in catholic countries during past condition of dissenting faiths to the years win fail to note the overobtaining of "mere tolerance." The preamble disclaims any desire on whelming importance of these simthe part of the new government to ple articles. They will remove anwound the religious sensibilities of noyances and difficulties for those followers of Roman Catholicism, seeking "civil" marriage whether but asserts its desire to make all or not there is to be an evangelical confessions equal before the law. service afterwards. They will pro- It refers to the fact that religious tect evangelical recruits in the liberty is a fundamental article of army from annoyances. They will the Society of Nations; that it is protect both privates and officers in safeguarded in the constitutions of the army and navy who may not prevailingly Catholic countries, desire to attend the open-air such as Ireland, Poland and Bohe- masses which have heretofore been mia; that even Spain has hitherto obligatory. They will tend to immaintained, in Morocco, a regime prove conditions in the public of complete religious liberty far su- schools for children of evangelical perior to that which has existed families, who have been discrimiwithin Spain herself; and that Ro- nated against ever since a public man Catholicism always claims lib- school system has been in existerty for herself in lands where she ence. They will permit advertising does not enjoy a position of su- of evangelical schools, services and places of worship, both in the press premacy. Mter this preamble, in dignified and by means of placards or other and beautiful Spanish, come the permanent announcements on the outer walls of churches, schools and following articles: other centers of Protestant activ- Article 1. No one, in any act of ity. service, or because of any relation with the State, is obliged to declare his reli- Above all, this decree marks the gion. Therefore both civil and mili- disappearance of the unendurable situation in which evangelical work ~ary.officials will abstain from making mqUlry regarding the religious beliefs has found itself, due to the clause winhicthhereCadosn:sti"tNutoiopnu, blAicrtmicanleife1s1~ of whoever may appear before them or may be subordinate to them.

570 tation of dissenting faiths will be clared members, would at once be allowed." That clause left it to the freed from the stigma of "heresy" personal judgment of officials, who which has weighed so heavily might be and almost always were against it for centuries, and would hostile, to determine what sort of a surely make considerable gains in thing was "public." For instance, the near future. a meeting held in a private home, attended by a small number of peo- As indicating the extent of the ple, but whose singing was audible abuses. which have grown up under to persons passing along the side- the old system of an official church, walk in front of the house, was held mention might be made of a custom to be a "public" manifestation of a whereby certain images of the Virdissenting religion, and heavy fines gin Mary, notably one called the were imposed by a hostile magis- "Pilarica" in the City of Zaragoza, trate under the control of the have been granted the rank of capclergy. All such danger is now re- tain-general in the Spanish army, moved. The way is opened also for together with the salary attached mass meetings in large rented halls to such an office, which salary has or theaters, and for open sale of been regularly paid out of the na- Bibles and other evangelical litera- tional treasury to the cathedral in ture, with abundant advertising which the image is kept. and without vexatious interfer- Alcala Zamora, the president, is ence. a sincere Catholic. He is, of course, It is confidently hoped that, as not a "regular" one, since to be Catholic and to be liberal at the soon as the new Congress is elected same time is a contradiction in and meets, complete separation of terms. He has been severely critichurch and State will be voted. cized for his leniency in dealing There will be sustained opposition with Cardenal Segura, Archbishop to this, but probably not sufficient of Toledo and ranking prelate in to prevent it. Spain, in merely banishing him from Spain for a sermon preached The direct and indirect results of in the cathedral, in which he openly such a separation are too numerous cursed the Republic, instead of jailto be discussed in this short article. ing him and prosecuting him for It might be indicated, however, disturbing the peace, as was done that in the first place, and in the to several generals recently. opinion of a number of her own leaders, the Roman Catholic Many conflicting statements have Church would gain in spirituality; been made with regard to the burnfrom really having to pay her ing of convents and churches a few priests out of her own pockets in- weeks after the establishment of stead of from the national treas- the republic. Photographs pubury; from being practically com- lished in Spanish papers indicate pelled to turn her attention from clearly that no violence was offered politics to religion; and from los- to inmates of the convents. On the ing a large number of adherents contrary, they were cared for, espewhose loyalty has been forced and cially the aged nuns, by crowds in unwilling. In addition to that re- the surrounding streets. There are sult evangelical Christianity, which some indications that the buildings even now has thousands of hidden were fired from within. sympathizers in addition to its de- Rev. Elias B. Marques, pastor of

a Protestant church at Santander, Interesting sidelights on the presunder the American Board, him- ent situation are these. The new self the son of a former pastor, a mayor of the City. of Zaragoza man who has recently turned down (150,000 inhabitants) is a former a flattering offer made him by lib- pupil of the Protestant day-school eral elements in that city to nomi- in that city and a friend and well nate and elect him a member of the wisher of evangelicals. The new mayor of San Sebastian (60,000) city council, writes as follows: is a republican lawyer who has on several occasions pleaded the cause It seems to be established that the of evangelicals in that strongly burning of the convents on May 11th was due to a maneuver of the mon- Jesuit city. The Secretary of the archists, in which the religious orders Treasury in the new cabinet, Inthemselves were complicated. It is dalecio Prieto, is a former pupil of possible that there is much truth in the evangelical schools in Bilbao (200,000), a close friend of a forthat, since many indications tend to mer pastor there, and for many corroborate the supposition. But it is years editor of the only really libalsQ undeniable that in the midst of it eral paper in that important indusall there was a sort of public feeling, trial city. As such he has written which the people wished to make very many articles and published many clear to the authorities, to the effect others written by evangelicals, inthat they were governing too gently. cluding the writer of this sketch, . . . I believe that the burning of the defending the rights and explainconvents and cathedrals marked an ele- ing the ideas of Protestants. This ment of deep discontent on the part of sort of thing, the occupying of imthe people with the tolerance and gen- portant positions by friends of tleness of the new government. Also it Protestantism, is going on all over should not be forgotten that there is the country. in the immense majority of the Spanish people an ardent desire, and a very It is to be hoped that, with greatold desire, that the religious orders ly increased facilities for popular (convents) should disappear, with the education under the new Spanish sole exception of such orders as are public school system, with greater "concordated." That is what the peo- contact with the outer world on the ple were expecting. And when they part of many intelligent Spaniards, saw that time was passing and nothing with the examples of Germany, was being done along that line, they Turkey and even China in republifelt defrauded in their hopes. Add to can achievements, with the abuses that the fact that the clericals became of the recent military dictatorship bolder and several bishops began to still fresh in the popular mind, speak openly against the republic and with a great majority supporting its "dangers," and that the government merely requested them to leave the Republic and with men of far Spain whereas the people would have greater ability and experience conpreferred that those bishops had been ducting it, the new regime may indicted and jailed, just as were sev- wisely and courageously maintain eral generals and politicians involved itself and give to the noble Spanish in the abuses of the former monarchy. nation a liberal government and The real "battle-horse" (point in bit- above all an atmosphere of genuine terest dispute) is the interests of the religious freedom which they have Roman Catholic Church. The people so long lacked. desire to see it separated from the State and very much limited in its political functions.

DR.' 'l' OYOHIKO KAGAWA AND DR. CHENG CHIN(l-YI TN

THE CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN CHINA IN 1931 * BY DR. C. Y. CHENG, Shanghai, China General Becr eta.ry oj the NuHmwl O'hrJ8tian Oouncil in Chi na- and- Moaf7ra·tor oJ the Church 0/ Ghrist in China A SPIRITUAL tug of war has awakening: to fall asleep again been and is still going on in or to become fully awake and alive China, as in the whole world, to all that is going on around.

between the Christian and the anti- Which is a truer picture of the Christian forces. Such a tug of Christian Church in China? Upon war has always been raging, but the answer to this question, one the present seems to have been can fairly determine the future of more severe and acute. The peace the Christian Church in China.

of the Church has been badly dis- Causes of Unrest. – Many eleturbed. It is not always a bad ments are responsible for this unthing to have one's peace dis- rest, elements both from within turbed. It often is a positive bless- and from without the Christian ing when one has been aroused Church. The Nationalistic Movefrom slumber. When a church is ment, the outcry against the sowell contented with itself, when called Unequal Treaties, the intelthere are signs of self-complacency, lectual and social awakening, the it is a blessing for the church to be restrictions imposed by the Govdisturbed and aroused. There are ernment upon Christian education, two possible results of such an are matters that have greatly dis- • Presr.nted at the BIennial Meeti ng of tb e turbed the peace of the Christian Natioll ll l ' Christian Council, Hnngchow, April 10·18, 193 1. Church. Within the Church itself, 573

there has been developed a critical China is emerging out of chaos, but attitude regarding many of the this new China does not seem to prom- ise much bright future to the propaga- Church's practices and traditions, tion of the Christian faith. On the especially by the younger elements contrary, Christianity is facing opof the Christian community. The position everywhere. The dream of a findings of the enlarged meeting "Christian Occupation of China" seems of the International Missionary to be fast vanishing, probably forever. Council held in Jerusalem in 1928, We must not forget that Chinese phifindings on the Christian Message, losophy began 2,500 year-s ago, with a on religious education and a num- Laotze who taught a naturalistic con- ber of other important subjects ception of the universe, and a Con- that have far-reaching significance fucius who was frankly an agnostic.

and effect; the launching of the This rationalistic and humanistic tra- Five Year Movement by the dition has always played the part of a churches throughout the country, liberator of a superstitious or fanatic which seeks for the deepening of religion. This cultural background of the spiritual life and the intensify- indigenous China is now revived with ing of the evangelistic spirit of all a new reinforcement of the methods who name the name of Jesus and conclusions of modern science and Christ; lately the Laymen's In- becomes a truly formidable safeguard of the intellectual class against the im- quiry which has sent experts as a position of any religious system whose Fact-Finding Commission to criti- fundamental dogmas, despite efforts cally and scientifically investigate of its apologist, do not always stand the work of missions in China with the test of reason and science; and a view to evaluate the worth of after all, Christianity itself is fighting modern mission methods; these its last battle even in the so-called and others have certainly been ele- Christendoms. People will realize that ments that have something to do young China was not far wrong in with the awakening of the Chris- offering some opposition to a religion tian Church. which in its glorious days fought re- ligious wars and persecuted science Christianity Challenged. – The and which, in the broad daylight of the opposing forces against Christian- twentieth century, prayed for the vic- ity in China have never been so tory 'Of the belligerent nations in the bold and positive in their denunci- World War, and is still persecuting the ations and criticisms. They make teaching of science in certain quarters no secret of what they think of of Christendom.

Christianity. They openly assert The spiritual tug of war will go that the Christian religion has no on without ceasing. Those opposed future in China. Let us reiterate to Jesus Christ have a right to their the words of the one who was opinion, though we do not accept largely responsible for the New their assertions. Our question is Thought Movement in China re- not what they but what we think, garding the future of Christianity say or believe about the future of in China. the Christian religion. If both our Many of the Protestant missionaries faith and experience make us abworked hard to awaken China and solutely convinced that in the end bring about a modern nation. China victory will be on the side of is now awakened and determined to Christ, we have to uphold that modernize itself. There is not the faith by sacrificial effort in His slightest doubt that a new and modern

THE CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN CHINA IN 1931

great work of salvation for the good effects. Notable mention may whole of mankind. be made of the famine relief work done by Christian people in China A Turning Point.-The past few years in the life of the Christian and abroad for the suffering mil- Movement in China have been lions in the northwest of China, eventful. For a time there was a specially Kansu, Shensi and Suispiritual depression that was felt yuan. far and wide. Many were uncertain of the future, and were dis- The visits of Dr. Kagawa, of heartened in the work; some have Japan, were an indication of the given up their Christian work, Church's interests in social welothers even renounced Christian- fare. This modern Christian saint ity. The Church was overwhelmed of the Orient visited Hangchow, by the onrush of opposition from Shanghai, Soochow, Tsinan and many quarters and representing Weihsien, where he met with great many interests. The anti-Christian crowds of both missionaries and Movement, the Communistic men- native workers who listened to his ace, the Nationalistic agitation, words. In this man of God one the New Thought Movement, the sees the happy combination of perstrained international relations, all have something to 9,0 with it. sonal religion and social passion. However, the spirit of dismay and It was certainly inspiring when he bewilderment has passed. Since then a changed attitude from in- declared the great truth that the ertia to activity has come over the Cross of Christ is the essence of Christian Church throughout the Christianity, the expression of country. The following points may God's love. Many left his meetings be regarded as signs of life in the more determined to work for the Christian Church during the past poor and needy.

two years. The N. C. C. Committee on Eco- Christian Nurture.-Evangelism nomic Relations has recently held an interesting conference to conand religious education have received much attention of Christian sider practical measures for helppeople throughout the land. There ing the economic conditions of the is an increased recognition of the Chinese people. Delegates came inseparableness of the two. Both from many cities to participate in native talents and special workers this gathering and went away from abroad have helped much in keener than before for the uplift direct evangelism. It would be im- of the common people. There are possible to enumerate these efforts. Suffice it to say effective work has a number of Christian or semibeen done in many churches for Christian organizations who are which we give thanks to God….. devoting their time and energy in facing some of the more urgent Social Consciousness.-It is grat- social problems, such as the Womifying to note that the Church en's Christian Temperance Union, has been kept busy during the past the Child Welfare Association, the two years in practical projects for National Anti-Opium Association the unfortunate and the suffering people. Many forms of applied re- and the Mass Education Movement are some of the representative orligion have been attempted with ganizations whose good work has aroused a good deal of public sym- pathy and admiration.

The Hope for the Future. – It

has been generally realized that a ception of the Chi~ese people bases big gap exists between the Church their national life upon the family.

and youth. Some would even say Unfortunately, to no small extent that there is a strong antagonism among Christians, the central po- between the two. While to a cer- sition has been shifted from the tain extent this is still true, one home to the Church. While no one is happy to note that a spirit of wishes to minimize the importance cooperation between Church and of the great Christian fellowship youth is gradually gaining ground. that we call the Church, it is still We are very happy for this new lamentable to weaken the position attitude which, if developed, will of the home. It is high time to enrich the life and work of both recover this great loss and realize parties in no small way. again that it is the home for the A group of Christian and gov- training of religious life of the ernment students recently signified young rather than either the their definite desire to cooperate Church or the school, however with the Christian Church in some great may be the services of these practical and definite projects. two important institutions.

Plans are being made for a joint In recent years there seems to summer conference in North China have awakened a new consciousness which will be the beginning of among the people of the impor- even greater cooperation in the tance of the home, and much days to come. thought and attention have been Provisions are being made for given to efforts for the Christiani- representative students and stu- zation of the home life of China.

dent leaders to have a definite The observance of a special Home share in the work of the Christian Week among Christian people, the Church so as to form a practical holding of a Leaders' Conference beginning which may later be to consider problems affecting the widened and enlarged until the home, the preparation and distri- youth finds his rightful place in the bution of literature in various affairs of the Christian Movement forms relating to problems of the in China. In like manner, some home have been universally re- church bodies have taken similar ceived with delight and enthusi- steps to usher in the practical coop- asm. In not a few of the Christian eration of the young men and periodicals special space has been women to take part in the impor- given to matters relating to the tant decisions in the Christian home. That in this endeavor we Movement. The decisions of the are touching one of the main Church of Christ in China in such springs of the life of China, is a matters may be taken as an illus- fact that can hardly be doubted.

tration of this new spirit and at- "Go to the People." – It is a titude for a definite cooperation healthy sign in recent years that between Church and youth. people both within the Christian The Backbone of China.-Prob- Church and those outside it are ably no people in the world lay paying a good deal of attention to greater stress on the central place fighting against illiteracy in this of the home than the Chinese. The country. It is not too much to say family is the backbone of the na- that this formidable enemy of tional life of China. The old con- China is blocking the way of prog-

ress in the development of both the Church is determined to fight this nation and the Church. It is not evil to a successful issue.

one day too soon that the Christian This great problem is in many Church is beginning to get serious ways in touch with the larger prob- about this matter. lem of the rural life in China. The Happily both the Mass Educa- popular outcry in China today is tion Movement at Tinghsien and to "go to the people," and the peothe successful experiment of the ple are to be found in the country American Board Mission at Paot- as the bulk of China's population live in villages and small towns. ing have greatly helped the Chris- To tackle the rural problem is tian Church as a whole in inspira- certainly an important point of tion and methods of handling this strategy, whether it is considered gigantic problem. The National from the point of view of the na- Christian Council was happy in tion or of the Church. having secured the services of the Rev. H. W. Hubbard for this par- The Greatest Book in the World. ticular line of work in connection -It is not far wrong to say that with the Five Year Movement. more literature has been published The institute held at Tinghsien last in China in recent years against spring has ,encouraged a number the Christian religion than in all the past years since Protestant of church workers to take definite steps in seeking for the elimination Christianity first touched China's of illiteracy from their churches and neighborhood. The Baptist soil. There has never been such Church in Shantung has appointed five secretaries for this purpose an intelligent and determined atwho are in charge of some 150 classes in Shantung. Excellent ef- tack upon the Christian position. fects have followed. If the Christian Church is really in earnest Yet it is equally true that the cirabout this matter, it is not impossible to have illiteracy greatly re- culation of the Christian Bible in duced, if not totally removed, within a few years, at least from the China in recent years has also been Christian Church in China. This means that the Bible will become singularly successful. The report an open Book to every person who has sworn his or her allegiance to of the circulation of the Bible by Jesus Christ. Think of the blessings and possibilities of a Bible- the three Bible Societies in China reading Church for China! It is yet, h:nvever, too early to predict for the last two years clearly how successful this attempt will be, for it largely depends upon the showed the fact that the Word of question whether or not we really mean business. We are thankful God is being more widely read in China today than ever before. Ac- cording to the figures given by these societies, close to 26,000,000 copies of the Bible, or portions of it, have been circulated which showed a more remarkable increase than all the preceding years. Moreover, the Chinese version of the Bible has been more appreciated by non- Christian scholars in this country than in former years. Such well- known scholars aosthCehrsowhaTvzeo-jreen~ Hu Shih, and for the measure of success that has marked that the translation of the already been attained. But there Bible is an excellent piece of work.

is much work ahead still, if the This is not noticeable as in contrast 2

with the attitude taken by scholars What is the Christian message for in the past who had no good word China today and how is that message to say about the Bible. It was a to be presented? book beneath their dignity to read. No truer words have ever been What are the reasons for the scarsaid by General Chang Chih-chiang city of intelligent and educated young than those words printed in large men for the Christian ministry and gold letters on the covers of the leader,ship and how are we to secure, specially bound Bibles the general train, utilize and keep such leaders for ordered from the American Bible Christian services? Society for his Christian and non- Christian friends, "This is the When and by what methods will the greatest Book in the world!" ministry of the printed page have its rightful place in the program of the Unsolved Problems. – These are Christian enterprise in this country? some of the encouraging signs in the Christian Movement in China What do we understand is religious during the past two years. They liberty and how is it to be attained and indicate that the Church is develop- safeguarded?

ing along healthier lines. Allowing What is our duty in international refuller growth and development, lations between China and the nations they will mean untold possibilities of the West, especially of the Orient? for the future. It must, however, be recognized that we are still at How far do Christian people in the beginning of things. A great China understand and practice the deal more of sacrificial work and meaning of stewardship and what are wholehearted devotion are neces- the practical methods in realizing selfsary before we may expect fruitful support? results. However, we are thankful for these beginnings and pray that How may we avoid the unhealthy the Spirit of God will direct and in- attitude of intolerance and what place spire us to aim at nothing less than does tolerance hold in the life of Christhe best. Let the proverb, "The tians. good is the enemy of the best," be the slogan on the lips of each Chris- How far are we committed to the tian in China. There is no reason Church-centric ideal and are we honfor an unhealthy contentment and estly applying it in actual practice? satisfaction. Not only are we far from the goal that is before us, but Do we realize our supreme need is a we still have in our midst a number spiritual one and that the Christian of problems that are almost un- Church has no future in China unless touched, each one of which involves our lips are touched by the life-coal great possibilities either for good from the altar of God and the dry or evil. We can only make mention bones are vitalized by the breath of of them in the hope that more time, God's spirit? thought, energy and prayer may be given to them at the earliest pos- These and other problems are sible moment. staring right into our eyes, await- ing a definite answer. Looking at Let the following questions be the situation of the Christian reasked: ligion in China today, we cannot fail to realize the greatness of the task and our inability to undertake it. We seem to hear again the word of the Psalmist, "Who is sufficient for these things?" But there is also the reassuring word of our Lord, "With God all things are possible." Let us march forward in the strength of Him who is "the same yesterday, today, and for ever!"

NEW MISSIONARY

A Study of the Need for Revising Presbyterian Foreign Mission Policies and Methods at the Lakeville Missionary Conference BY THE EDITOR SAFE and sane, rather than rad- the new secretary and chairman ical and revolutionary, are the of the Committee on Arrangewords that characterize the ments; Dr. J. Ross Stevenson, Presbyterian Missionary Confer- president of Princeton Theological ence held at Lakeville, June 20-30, Seminary and a member of the 1931. It was a study of Foreign Board, and Dr. Lewis R. Mudge, Missions, policies and progress, the present moderator of the As- somewhat similar to the annual sembly.

Williamstown Conference on Inter- Eight delegates came from the national Policies. Eleven years ago "younger churches" on the mission a "Post-War Missionary Confer- fields. This was an advance over ence" was held in Princeton, New the Princeton Conference, eleven Jersey, and some important poli- years ago, when there were none cies were adopted as to the gov- present. Dr. Cheng Ching-Yi, mod- ernment of missions, the field erator of the Church of Christ in administration, woman's place in China and secretary of the China missions, salaries and furloughs, Christian Council and Rev. Hsueh the relation of the Church on the Ging Chang, of the North China field to the Mission, and as to coop- Theological Seminary were able eration and union. The Lakeville and constructive representatives Conference was forward looking of the 900,000 Protestant Chinese and forward moving-step by step Christians; Rev. S. N. Talib-ud- rather than by leaps and bounds. Din, professor in the Theological Many of the findings were pegs to Seminary at Saharanjur and Rai keep us from slipping back; others Bahadu N. K. Mukerji, an elder were stakes set ahead to mark the in the Church at Allahabad, ef- line of progress. fectively represented the United The personnel of the Conference Church of North India; Rev. Ku- was extremely interesting. Of the metaro Sasao, Ph.D., dean of 152 who attended the Princeton Meiji Gakuin, Tokyo, was a most meeting ,only twenty-five, includ- acceptable delegate for the Church ing eight missionaries, were among in Japan; Rev. In Choon Kim, pas- the two hundred delegates pres- tor of the Church in Pyengyang ent at Lakeville. There were four spoke well for the Christians of moderators or former moderators Korea; Rev. Stephen Kyoobyar, of of the General Assembly. These Tabriz brought us the viewpoint included Dr. Charles R. Erdman, of Christians in Persia; Rev. Er- the president of the Board who asmo Braga, D.D., was an ideal presided over the conference with representative of the Church in his usual courtesy, geniality and Brazil and Rev. Leonardo Dia, pas- skill; Dr. Robert E. Speer, the tor of the Church at Albay, repre- senior executive secretary of the sented the Philippines.

Board; Dr. Cleland B. McAfee, The ninety missionaries present 579

came from fifteen foreign coun- of the groups were considered, tries and twenty-six Presbyterian modified and adopted by the whole missions and represented 1,491 conference. Now they are to be missionaries of the Church. They submitted to the various missions included men and women of wide and to the Board at home and will experience and large achievement become fully operative when ap- -Dr. O. R. Avison, founder of the proved by the General Assembly.

Christian College of Chosen and The Lakeville Conference was the Severance Medical College in broadly educational and truly in- Seoul; Rev. and Mrs. Arthur E. spirational. It was characterized Harper, of the famous Moga Mis- by friendliness more than by criti- sion School, North India; Dr. Ed- cism. Little fault was found with ward M. Haymaker, of Guatemala, the past but much faith was felt who went to Latin America nearly for the future. The delegates dis- fifty years ago; Dr. and Mrs. A. cussed the varied work in Africa, K. Reischauer, of the Woman's Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia, Bra- Christian College, Tokyo; Dr. zil, Venezuela, Chile, Syria, Persia, Ralph C. Wells, of the China Mis- Mesopotamia, India, Siam, the sion Council and Dr. Samuel M. Philippines, China, Japan and Zwemer, the apostle to the Mos- Chosen. As the extent and variety lems, now a 'professor at Princeton. of the work were described, the There were also over forty pas- problems, the needs and the vast tors, laymen and women represent- untouched multitudes, all were im- ing the American Church-most pressed with the greatness of the of them widely influential in keep- task and the opportunity before ing missionary fires burning at the Church. Reports of the inade- home. quacy and failure of non-Christian The ten days in the charming religions, of materialism or intel- New England home of the Hotch- lectualism to meet human needs, kiss Preparatory School for Boys and the testimony of men of many were filled with delightful Chris- races as to the satisfaction and tian fellowship and inspiration and the power found in Christ, revealed with constarit attention to the busi- the supreme importance of Chris- ness of the Kingdom. After stimu- tian evangelism.

lating addresses on the aim and The many problems' and the spirit of the conference by Dr. many ways in which the work is Speer, Dr. McAfee and Dr. Erd- carried on – through preaching, man, the conference early divided Bible and tract distribution, house- into five groups to consider in de- to-house visitation, teaching, train- tail and to bring in Findings as to ing workers, medical and social the (1) work of world evangel- work, the preparation and distri- ism; (2) the educational, medical, bution of literature and the forma- social and literatUre branches; (3) tion and development of the Church the relation between the missions in each field-impressed all with and the churches on the field; (4) the vast variety offered in the mis- executive administration; and (5) sionary enterprise.

the promotion of missions in the Among the most encouraging home Church. The discussions features of the conference were, were based on recommendations first, the progress noted in the from the fields and the findings "younger churches" in the field to- '

FORMING NEW MISSIONARY POLICIES

ward self-government, self-exten- dations from the mlSSlOns and sion and self-support. While the churches on the field were connumber of foreign missionaries sidered and while the "younger have remained almost stationary churches" did not gain all they dein the past ten years, the number sire in representation on mission of communicant members has in- councils and in the control of funds creased thirty per cent and the re- furnished by the home church, ported gifts from churches in the they were encouraged to assume field fifty per cent. There have all the responsibility and independalso been several notable move- ence they are willing and able to ments for church union in Japan, carry and were promised generous China and India. These union and wise help in establishing inmovements make it impossible to digenous churches. In every field compare figures accurately. where these churches are growing the plans recommended will, if Another encouraging feature of carried out, make most of them the conference was the emphasis independent of mission councils at placed on the prime importance of the time of the next decennial conevangelism, or personal witness to ference. Christ, in every branch of the work. This echoes the sentiment 2. To the missionaries and misof workers in the mission fields. It sions on the field the conference was recommended at the confer- brought encouragement because of ence that the responsibility of ev- the closer and more understanding ery missionary for personal evan- fellowship with the Board execugelism be stressed, and that only tives and with the Church at the those be sent out whose aim and home base. The true unity of the qualifications fit them to be per- work and the workers was evident. sonal workers to win men and Missionaries go to the front with women to Christ as preaching the assurance that able, faithful evangelists, teaching evangelists, and self-sacrificing executives are medical evangelists, social evan- at home to do an in their power to gelists, etc. This does not mean support them and to make their less effective work in schools, hos- work effective. pitals or other institutions but it does mean more stress on so "liv- 3. The Church in America was ing, working and speaking that ably represented at the conference the whole purpose will be to lead by pastors, women and laymen and men and women to p'ersonal ac- will feel the challenge of the treceptance of Christ and full com- mendous and important unfinished mitment to Him." The forward task before us. At least 200,000,- Christian movements in Japan, 000 of the unevangelized are the China and elsewhere were noted allotted field to the Presbyterian with thanksgiving. Church, U. S. A. We may also be encouraged by the vision of what The conference will mean much has already been done, as seen in to workers in all lines of mission- types of Christians who are becom- ing leaders of the Church on the ary service. field, by the devotion and calibre 1. To the churches in the mis- of missionaries who represent us abroad and by the statesmanship sion fields it carries a message of confidence from the Church in North America. Recommen-

and consecration of the executives as that at Lakeville, the word of on the Board. emphasis goes out. Overwhelming, 4. While these executives fully world-wide, colossal-these adjec- recognize the difficulties and ex- tives are none too strong. The tent of the work with which they home Church must know this.

are entrusted, they will have been Then it will give better and pray impressed at Lakeville with the more urgently.

consciousness that they are not 2. The home Church will also carrying the responsibility alone. rejoice at the earnestness of its The missionaries, the Church in missionary force. This is not new, the field and the Church at home but the emphasis will be renewed.

are working with them and are Here were about ninety ambassa- ready to follow their leadership. dors of Christ, back on furlough, Above all the leadership and power and all on fire for the great Cause.

of God is evident and the promise The hills about Lakeville will not of Christ that accompanied His hold back the flood of loyalty great commission is day by day and love and spiritual enthusiasm being fulfilled. His arm is not which this group represents. These shortened and His presence and men and women will pour into the power are manifest in every land home Church a stream of new in- whither His ambassadors have spiration and power. And because gone. of that, there will no doubt be a response in the form of greater WHAT THE HOME CHURCH interest, more earnest prayer, and MAY EXPECT nobler sacrifice. Even in these By THE REV. FREDERICK W. BACKEMEYER, times of depression next year's to- D.D., Gary, Indiana tal gifts ought to show an advance PfNltor of the Ji'ir8t PrC8blltcrian Ohurch because these missionary person- Pastors who were present at the alities are with us.

Lakeville Missionary Conference 3. The Findings of the Lakeville will interpret that gathering in Conference will probably never their own way to the churches they reach the Church at large. They serve, and as they have oppor- are too massive in their content to tunity, to the Church at large. The be so used. And yet, the effect of following points seem to be quite these vital Findings will be felt.

clear, and ought to bear upon the The policies adopted are so varied home Church in a vital way. and so implicatory that the wisdom 1. The home Church must real- which incorporated them into defi- ize what a tremendous piece of nite proposals is bound to "spill business our Board of Foreign over" into the home Church, and Missions is carrying on. How can will surely affect other related poli- the Church know the elaborate ma- cies in America.

chinery and the large personnel As the home Church becomes necessary to do the work? The more and more familiar with the remedy would be simple. Get every- various phases of the Foreign Mis- body to attend such a conference! sion task, she will more effectively Then they will know. But the order her own household, as indeed home Church will increasingly she needs to do. The Church looks learn of the vastness of the under- to the Board of Foreign Missions taking as, from gatherings such for the highest type of spiritual

statesmanship, a clear grasp of a deep sense of consecration and world conditions, the far vision, resolution regarding the future.

and practical plans as to progress. Many who were present said in As the Jerusalem Conference was their hearts, "Revive Thy work, 0 felt, so Lakeville will be felt also. Lord, beginning 'from' me!" Will 4. The restless, irrepressible de- the home Church catch this note of sire for a great "forward move- Lakeville and stress it also? Every ment" was voiced repeatedly. The department of our Christian enter- calls for advance came from mis- prise must be "geared in" so that sionaries, staff and Board mem- from each contact made there shall bers, and from the representatives go the clear note of the proclaimed of the churches on the fields. Who Christ, the direct appeal to per- could forget the very earnest pleas sonal allegiance to Him, the ur- made by Dr. Cheng Ching-yi and gency of accepting Him as Saviour others as they repeatedly asked for and Lord. This is the great giving advance. "Revive Thy work, 0 motive of missions in the home Lord, beginning from me!" Not Church, and the renewed emphasis only "in" me, but "from" me. The upon evangelism will react favor- home Church can hardly miss hear- ably in every direction.

ing the echoes of that call. Perhaps it is not too much to 5. The presence of nine outstand- hope that Lakeville will prove an- ing leaders of national churches in other "haystack" prayer meeting, the field will have a profound ef- where many a heart has gained a fect upon the home Church. In new estimate of the full meaning them we hear the voices of China, of the Great Commission! And of India, of Japan and Korea, of that attitude will be reflected in the Philippines, Persia and Latin the home Church, for it is of the America. And they are clear voices, essence of that consecration to God strong in conviction. They are liv- and His kingdom that lays hold ing witnesses of what the Gospel upon the promise that He will make can do among the intelligent people "His angels winds, and His min- of other lands. They are keen, isters a flame of fire." Will the thinking men. They are also the home Church be kindIed?

very best evidence of the growing strength of the Foreign Mission WHAT THE CONFERENCE WILL program, and its effectiveness in MEAN TO MISSIONARIES setting up National Churches. By THE REV. W. M. MILLER, 6. The heart of the conference Tabriz, Persia was tender whenever the central What the Lakeville Missionary note of the missionary program Conference may mean to the mis- was sounded, viz., evangelism. sionaries on the field can best be an- From the first presentation by Dr. swered at the conference of 1941.

Speer, in which he voiced the We believe that God's spirit will "deep concern" of many thought- lead the whole missionary force of ful people concerning this chiefest the Church forward as the repre- of all the varied appeals of the sentatives of the missions were led Gospel message, to his last words at Lakeville. We confidently ex- as he closed the final session, there pect that the work in all fields will was a growing sense of penitence be influenced in the following ways: over the failures of the past, and 1. The Conference sounded a

DELEGA'l'ES FROM THE CHURCH IN THE FIEI,D. AT '['HE LAKEVILLE CONFERENCE Standing~Mr. Mukerji (No. India); Rev. Tulih -ud -Din (Punjab); Dr. Cheng (Chinn); Hev. I-l. G. Chang (China); Df'an Sasan (Japan); Hey. I. C. Kim (Chosen).

Seated-Rev. L. Din (PhilipVillPS); Rev. Stephen Kruobyar (Persia); Dr. Braga (Brazil).

note of confidence and hope which need. For this reason there was will give new heart to missionaries no note of pessimism or defeatism in all lands. Not once did anyone in any of the proceedings. The question the adequacy of Jesus anti-Christian forces, which are Christ to meet all the needs of operating so powerfully in all mankind. Not once was it suggest- parts of the world today, were ed that anyone could add anything faced squarely throughout the Conto Christ, or that anyone other ference, yet there was no feeling than He could satisfy the deepest that these can thwart God's good needs of the individual or of the purpose as revealed in Christ. race. Nor was there any suggestion On the other hand it was con- that there should be retrenchment fidently affirmed by all that "Our because of the economic depression message is Christ and our end is in America. Rather it was the con- Christ." The members of the con- viction of the missionaries, home ference know, as few other groups pastors, and members and secreknow, the best and the worst in the taries of the Boare!, that the only beliefs and life of the non-Chris- right course is an advance along tian world. All were of one mind the whole line. that none of the world's religions is adequate to meet the world's 2. The Conference laid special need. Christ is sufficient for every stress on evangelism. This will undoubtedly speed up this primary

WHAT THE CONFERENCE WILL MEAN TO MISSIONARIES

work of missions in every depart- and most necessary step toward ment. The fact was emphasized solving our problems and realizing that all missionaries should be our ideals." The church of Christ evangelists, and that "the Gospel in China has taken for its slogan is to be proclaimed and Jesus in its Five Year Movement the Christ to be made known not by prayer, "Lord, send a revival, beword or deed, but by word and ginning from me." If the churches deed, that preaching Christ and in all lands unite in this prayer, and living Christ are not to be disso- use the means which God has prociated, that truth and life go to- vided. a mighty spiritual awakengether and that this union is to be ing will come, not only in the vaeffected not by having some mis- rious lands where our missionaries sionaries who only preach and are working, but throughout the other missionaries who only heal world. and teach, but by having all missionaries communicate the Gospel THE CONFERENCE AND THE by both deed and word." CHURCH IN THE FIELD It was urged that in all our work we should aim, not merely to By RAI N. K. MUKERJI, Allahabad, India "make a gain, but to make a goal." We should keep ever before us the Tremendous changes have taken goal of world evangelization, and place all over the world since the use all our resources to achieve Great War. The spirit of restthat as speedily as possible. What- lessness is not satisfied with the ever else we may accomplish, we "old order." Even the proverbial can be contented with .nothing less "sleepy" East is very much awake. than full obedience to our Lord's command to "preach the Gospel to The churches in the mission field every creature." To accomplish have not been left untouched by this task we shall labor in hearty this spirit and it is obvious that the and joyous cooperation with our time has arrived when Christian brethren in the "younger churches" missionary societies and National in the various lands. It was urged Churches should make such modifithat the support and work of local cations in their policies and methchurches be taken over as soon as ods as will enable them to continue possible by the National Churches, their work for the Kingdom in a and that the missionary resources manner worthy of the cause. be released for advance evangelistic work. The Lakeville Conference de- clared that there is still tremendous 3. The Conference also sounded need for proclaiming more widely a call to prayer which we trust and effectively the principles and will result in a great revival in all ideals of our Lord Jesus Christ. parts of the world. "We desire to Much still remains to be done. A reaffirm our faith in the power and forward-looking pro g ram has, efficacy of prayer and our convic- therefore, been proposed for the tion that we need to give it first earnest support of the churches in place in our life and work. We America as well as those in the miscall upon all Christians to join in sion fields. We must move forward, definite intercession for revival in calling for fresh resources in men the Church in all lands as the first and money for the service of God and man. The churches in the field must also respond to it to the best of their ability.

The conference advocated full co- can the Word become intelligible operation between the older and and precious to a people who have younger churches. Any separatist not heard it before. – John A.

policy will be suicidal. The East as Mackay.

well as the West must respond to the prayer of the masses for unity. If we are to win the world to Christ we must see the condition The plan of cooperation between of mankind from God's viewpoint, missions and churches in the field we must sympathize with His prowill naturally vary according to gram, and purpose, must realize conditions. The Conference re- our partnership in the work and solved that, when desired by the our complete dependence on God. church in the field, the foreign missionaries should become full mem- bers of the local churches and sub- ject to its courts. This request was Prayer, earnest study of the made by the National delegates Bible, full obedience to the Word and, what was specially pleasing to 'of God, faithful witnessing to them, it was strongly supported by Christ and loving fellowship in the missionaries themselves. service are the secrets of success Rural communities and unevan- at home and abroad.

gelized areas 'in mission lands have a special claim on the Church. The If we would bring the Church at success of the Christian enterprise home into fuller and more sacriwill depend on how these "weaker" members of the Church and these ficial cooperation in the missionary unreached multitudes are shep- work of Christ, we must bring herded. On a certain occasion, when Jesus saw the multitudes, he Christians to realize not so much said to His disciples, "Give them to eat." Their word was "Send them the need to meet the budget or away." What will be the reply of their apportionment, nor to listen to the call for more recruits; but we must make them see sympa- the Church in America and the thetically the condition of men and women and children in other lands Church on the field today? without Christ and the evidences NUGGETS FROM THE LAKEVILLE of the power of Christ to save and CONFERENCE to satisfy, and enlist in service It is the joyous privilege of those who commit their lives to all true missionaries to incarnate Him.-Floyd W. Barr.

themselves completely among the other brethren of Christ. We dare The greater need of the missionnot as a missionary group form ary enterprise today is not for any little America, or little Eng- more funds, better equipment or land, or little Scotland, in India or more missionaries-much as these China or Latin America. We must are needed in many places-but it become so much one with our new is the need for more earnest prayer brethren through perfect sympathy and more vital spiritual life on the that we shall feel their joys and their sorrows. The mere foreign- part of the Church at home and ness must go from us and a new more complete dependence on God creative type appear. Only thUfi on the part of workers in the field.

WE SIMPLIFY MISSION WORK?·

BY PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia W HAT policies appear wise in emotional content. We need mis- view of our ideal of mis- sionaries who can weep when they sionary work? My opinions speak of the sufferings of Christ. are given simply as the contribu- That type of evangelistic work is tion of one individual, not as the best adapted to the type of people opinions of any church or group. we are reaching.

In the first place, I believe that For the present, undoubtedly we our evangelistic work abroad must have an educational work to do in be simple if we are to build up a these mission fields. But what sort church made up of people too poor of education is likely to develop the to keep clean, too poor to be edu- church that we have outlined? It cated, too poor to be acquainted will have as its aim, in the first with the thought of the world, and, place, the hastening of the day therefore, from our point of view, when all educational work will be childish and oriental in their out- surrendered to the native governlook. If we want to make possible ments and to the native church. that kind of a church, our evan- That carries with it the implicagelistic message must be simple, tion of great simplicity in its one that can be understood and ap- material equipment, small and inpreciated by children, its creed expensive buildings, an equipment must be brief, like the marvelous which represents as small an inere e d of Mohammedanism, by vestment of Western money as means of which it has almost con- possible, and which can, therefore, quered the primitive world. It be more easily surrendered with must also be a message of dogmatic less acute pain on the part of the certainty and not a message of Westerner who gave it originally, doubtful and questioning analysis. and which will be a light and easy To primitive people we carry no burden for the much poorer native search for the truth, but an an- church to which it must be surnouncement of truth. rendered.

On most mission fields we are The present missionary policy not working with college graduates is deviating from this particular ninety per cent and coolies ten per ideal. The buildings that we build cent, we are working with coolies to house our educational missionninety per cent and men of a mild ary work abroad grow year by degree of education ten per cent. Therefore this message of simple year in expensiveness and elabointellectual content and dogmatic rateness. Every year we build certainty must be clothed with a them further and further from the vivid emotional expression. The standards of the people for whom general attitude of the stoic is not they are intended and· into whose the attitude of the people that we hands they will inevitably be surdesire to reach. Our Christian rendered. We should build for our message must be filled with a high educational work, cheaper build- ings with less elaborate and ex- Se:n'fn~~i.'hird Lecture at Princeton Theological pensive equipment so that they can be easily surrendered.

587

The same argument holds for sible from our present function as hospital buildings. We should government servants in educating study to make the cost of our in- the general public. Here I am stitutions as small as 'Possible for diverging radically from most the sake of the church. The native present-day mission policy, and church has little money to spend, perhaps no educational missionary so we should make as small an in- will agree with me, ten years from vestment on our part and as light now I believe that many will agree.

a burden on their part as we can. We have been entangled, to a de- What Kind of Education ~ gree that is not recognized here at home, in the government's 'pro- In the meantime, what sort of gram for education in these differ- educational work do we want to ent countries. India is in my mind carryon in this "ten dollar build- particularly, and most educational ing" which we will surrender missionary work is carried on with twenty-five years from now? We the government paying about half will undoubtedly try to teach our of the running expense, building baptized Christians to read. We about half of its buildings, and can aim at that much education dictating its character so that we even in a church of great poverty. are not able to make it a very effi- We will aim to make every church cient or active missionary enter- member literate so he can read the prise.

Bible and make himself acquainted It comes to this: we do for the with his brethren elsewhere by government a great deal of the means of letters and, to a moderate educational work that the govern- degree, with the world outside. ment ought to do herself, and we This is putting no burden upon are not able to make that work them too grevious to bear even in very efficient as missionary work.

their poverty. That represents not W€ who are aiming at building a an artificial and exotic thing but a church for the future made up of genuine development for which we the very poor, will extricate our- will aim now. selves from that entanglement with We will also train leaders for the government educational sys- that church who will go back to tem as rapidly as we can.

live in the villages and in the tribes What Sort of Medical Work ~ where this church exists. We are not primarily concerned in devel- What sort of medical work oping a number of beautiful orna- should we be doing for the sake of ments for the kingdom of God, this coming church? First of all men and women whose education we will take away about ninety- and attainments can compare fav- nine per cent of the emphasis put orably with the best in America, upon self-support for mission hos- but we are ,interested in training pitals and the pressure put upon leaders who will, in India, go back the patients to pay fees for medical to live in the Indian villages where attention. Here, too, we are differ- the church is, and who, in Arabia, ing from the mission board pol- will go back to live among the ICIes. An able discussion of this tribes where the church will be. particular problem comes from the In the third place, we will extri- pen of a Lutheran missionary in cate ourselves as rapidly as pos- South India. He says:

SHALL WE SIMPLIFY MISSION WORK?

From the time the dispensary was in a spirit of gratitude to help us." opened, we have made it a practice to As it is, many people appear to have charge each patient something for the idea that we make money by our medicine given-the well-to-do full medical work. The idea is no doubt price, others one-half, ,one-third, or foolish, but it exists and it makes the one-fourth, according to ability to people unwilling to help fill the forpay, and the very poor receive medi- eigner's pocket. cine free. From the economic point of view there is much to be said for To their minds, medical mission such a practice. It not only assumes service ought to be free, and I canas large receipts as are consistent not say that their intuition is wrong with the individuals able to pay, but because as a service of love given to trains the people to realize their own win their souls toward Christ, it ought obligation. And yet having carried to be given freely, in order that it may on this practice for over two years touch the hearts of the people as selfand observed its effect on the patients, less love and not as love partly comas well as on the missionary, I am on mercialized. As it is, the people try the point of saying that in an in- in every way to avoid paying even the sidious way and to a very large extent little that is demanded. They have it breaks the force of Christian love forgotten to bring money and will manifested in medical mission work, pay when they come back tomorrow. and so at once undoes partly what one Knowing that the poor are charged has effected, or it prevents the service little or nothing, some come in rags. of love from having any effect at all. Others, thinking it unlikely that the missionary will test on the spot the Mission work in general, and med- eggs that they bring in payment, ical mission work in particular, is a bring eggs which under cover of their service of love, and the people who shells have passed through many know anything at all about the Chris- metamorphoses. This makes it necestian message, expect it to be such. sary to lay down stringent rules: Demands for payment, though it be "No money, no medicine; no payment but for the medicine and usually only in kind unless it is bona fide." The a mere fraction of that, and not for words differ, but the sentiment is the the service of the missionary, never- same as that expressed in the welltheless acts as a disturbing element known signs seen in commercial esin the spiritual relation which the tablishments: "This is a cash business; mis·sionary is endeavoring to establish. please do not ask for credit." The missionary comes to the patient, perhaps even to his own horne, shows What is accomplished by insisting him his symptoms, gives him a Gospel on payment at best is only a paltry message, tries to direct him to the sum, and for this paltry sum we risk real Healer, and then when a truly the creation of an adverse impression spiritual atmosphere has been cre- and make the Indians wonder wherein ated, hands him his medicine and says, Christian sincerity differs from that "Two annas, please." The effect of of medical service. Thus by our own this on some of the patients is marked, hand we put impediments in the way it is no less so on the missionary him- of the success of a work which withself who involuntarily feels that the out these added impediments is surely request for money under such circum- difficult enough. stances is as discordant with the spiritual harmony of the situation as Are we not really losing, so far as a shrill factory whistle would be in a our ultimate goal is concerned, symphony orchestra. How much more namely, the winning of souls for in place would it not be to say, Christ? "Friend, we do not charge; we are glad of any help as you desire to give Probably none of our boards will agree with that missionary, but many missionaries will. In the

first place, then, if it is wise that mission field to duplicate the med- medical missionary work in a ical institutions in America and primitive community, reaching out thereby carry to the Orient all of to draw non-Christians toward the medical equipment that we Christ, should be an absolutely have here.

free expression of Christian love, In New York City they are now then even for the rest of the Chris- building the Cornell Medical unit tian community it is to be a very with accommodations for a thou- much simplified type of medical sand patients, and costing thirty work. million dollars. I do not say that The eventual medical practice in money is wasted; it is being spent countries of this kind must of for genuine medical advantages, necessity be very much less ex- but it requires no great argument pensive than medical practice is to show that India cannot carry in America. The Massachusetts on medical work that costs thirty General Hospital, which still is, I thousand dollars for every bed in think, one of the most efficiently the hospital. To build these up-to- managed hospitals in the country, date hospitals actually costs the finds that it costs $6.14 a day to United States about four thousand treat a patient. The patient pays dollars per bed. India and Arabia nothing for it is a charity hospital. cannot do that. Something is The Western Reserve Hospital wrong with mission work of that figures that last year it cost them kind.

$8.70 per day for every patient. If the first thing about medical It requires no argument to prove missionary work for the non- that such a rate of expense for Christian community is that i,t Arabia is preposterous. My should be free, the second thing is friends in the cities in Arabia earn that we should study to develop a perhaps eight annas a day (fifteen simplified and inexpensive type of cents), while in the interior they medical and surgical work which earn perhaps six cents a day. One shall still be efficient and credit- day's treatment in the Western able. That is not altogether im- Reserve Hospital would cost those possible. Even in Muttra, Arabia, people three months' wages 1 The where we work with just such a major problem in Arabia is to poor community as I have de- bring prices down within the reach scribed, we were able last year to of these poor people. perform two hundred major opera- Our medical missions are not out tions, about four hundred minor there as a permanent institution. operations, and perhaps four or The medical missionary always five thousand individual patients works with the idea that one of his were treated in the dispensary.

major jobs is to create an indige- The whole expense was about fif- nous medical profession to take his teen hundred dollars. That, per- place. If we are going to do that, haps, does not reach the economic then we must study to make the level of that particular community, costs of medical treatment as low but it does represent a tremendous as possible, and that means that reduction in the cost of medical we must introduce a greatly sim- treatment in America. We must plified medical and surgical prac- study for simplicity and inexpen- tice out there. Weare not on the sive work in our medical work, and

we must build "ten dollar hos- ernment schools in place of estab- pitals" rather than thirty million lishing their own parochial school.

dollar hospitals. These hospitals The public schools were inferior in which are ultimately to be turned quality and in moral influence, but over to the Indian and to the the missionaries believed that the Arabian church must place as light church should be made indigenous a burden upon them as possible. and should help to improve the The Yale Corporation has found government schools. '

that a building which cost, we will This is a very important point say, five hundred thousand dollars, in mission policy and one which is not an extravagance, but it con- has been neglected. Weare accus- stitutes a steady drain upon the tomed to suppose that Christians organization that carries it. Yale would better send their children to has found it necessary to set aside, private schools on the mission field when a building is built, one-third for fear that the religious influ- of that building's cost as an endow- ences in the government schools ment for maintenance. An ex- might be unsatisfactory. Experi- pensive building would constitute ence in South America points in a great burden to the church in the opposite direction.

the mission field. Thus the argu- Self-Supporting Missionaries ment is perhaps even stronger in regard to medical institutions than One point remains to be discussed, for school buildings that we must namely, as to the type of mission- build, so far as we possibly can, aries we should send out to ac- for ten dollars instead of for thirty complish this purpose. The s e million dollars. missionaries should not only be It is generally acknowledged able to sympathize with these peo- that we should study, far more ple in their desire for an emotional than we have been studying, to religion, but be able to bring them make the Church, in mission lands a simple message with dogmatic indigenous and an integral part of certainty. An important recent the community in which it exists. development in a missionary policy In a recent issue of World Domin- is the sending out of non-profes- ion there is an article by a mission- sional or self-supporting mission- ary named John Ritchie of South aries. I believe that in Arabia we America. There I think they have would be better off if we had a led the way in missionary practice. number of missionary carpenters They had a long struggle to be per- or blacksmiths, or other types of mitted to bury their dead in the workmen, who, like Paul, earn community cemetery. It would their living with their hands.

have been easy for them to get In the missionary situation that from the government free land for I am acquainted with, the addition an independent cemetery but they of such an element would be an wisely insisted upon the privilege enormous advantage. In Bahrein of burying their dead in the com- we have a convert. (This is an munity cemetery. They were aim- exact case.) This man used to be ing to make that Protestant church the captain of a sailing boat, and indigenous in that community. earned quite a fair living. He was They fought for the privilege of connected with the ruling family sending their children to the gov- in the town and belonged to the

elite. After that man professed porting workers? I think that conversion, he went to wreck would be possible in many places. largely because of the economic Arabia is probably as difficult a situation in which he found him- field as any. Twenty or thirty years self. He was ostracized by the en- ago, in the days of the Turkish rule, tire community; no one would em- a Christian carpenter came out to ploy him; nobody would buy from Hodeida. A more hostile rule to him or have anything to do with Christian missions it would be difhim. How is a man like that to ficult to find but this carpenter extract his living from such a hos- lived there for months and years tile environment? Moreover, that and nobody molested him. He was man's major sin in the old days in a position to teach European was pride, and this major sin still cabinet making to local people of rests on his soul to this extent that the same trade who were willing to he is unwilling to engage in most learn. Ninety per cent of local hosforms of manual labor. tility might be overcome by teach- ing men to do better work and so Who is going to handle so deli- earn a better living. Missionaries cate a situation? Our missionaries of that kind would reenforce the have never earned their living in contribution which we are in a pofree competition with other people sition to make even in the initial even in the most friendly environ- stages of evangelizing a primitive ment. Their fathers sent them to country. Such a missionary can school and upon graduation they help develop that church because became missionaries on a salary. he is a member with other members They know nothing about the and contributes to the solution of problems which would be created the very difficult church problems. if they were pitch-forked out into open competition even in their own I do not mean that we should country, so how are they going to eliminate the professional type of be competent advisors of the waifs missionary but the self-supporting and the strays in Bahrein who be- missionary could carryon a much come Christians and are disqual- less elaborate enterprise. Upon us ified for employment because of the will rest the opportunity and the unfriendly environment. If we responsibility of encouraging that had a missionary who was earning policy. I imagine that today you his living as a carpenter, or a could put an expert missionary farmer or a blacksmith, he might automobile mechanic in five hunbe the advisor that this hard- dred points on the mission field to pressed Arab needs. Men of that the great advantage of everyone of type could contribute to the de- them. An earnest Christian could velopment of converts in a way make a contribution that would be that the present missionary staff tremendous. We want to encourage the going out of self-supporting is unable to do. Christian missionaries who will supplement and strengthen the Should we not encourage mis- missionary enterprise. sionaries like that to locate in the different mission fields as self-sup-

I LEFT ISLAM FOR

BY M. A. QAYYUM DASKAWIE, Punjab, India A Teacher in Gordon. CoHege, Ra.walpindi" Punjab" India I WAS born a Moslem but al- I found things in it that I could though I attended both a mis- not understand and other things sion school and a Christian that I could not half understand. college my interest in Christianity I began with the Gospel by Matdid net begin until after I had de- thew and when I came to the Sercided not to continue my college mon on the Mount, I said: "Here work. Relieved of these studies I is something very different from could devote myself to books on what I am accustomed to hearing. religion. My uncle is well known in North India as the compiler of dictionaries in Hindustani, Arabic and Persian and as the author of several books dealing with reli- gious SUbjects. I was particularly interested in one book in my uncle's library, written in Urdu (or Hindustani) verse, and called "The Prayer of a True Christian." Moslems claim to be the heirs of all the prophets and the sacred writings that preceded the revelation to the Prophet of Arabia. "The Prayer of a True Christian" was written by a Moslem to controvert Chris- tian teaching and was designed to M. A. QAYYUM DASKAWIE show how the Islamic religion was "true Christianity" from which the Christians had gone astray. There were numerous references in it to Can these things be so?" There various passages in the Bible. I was nothing in the Koran that I read the book and reread it. A could remember which spoke of thought struck me! Though I such attitudes toward God and could not verify the references to man. When I went over again the Old Testament I decided to see some portions of the Koran I was how this book compared with the more disconcerted than ever.

New Testament, a copy of which When I came to the Gospel of had been presented to my father John, I found an atmosphere alto- about the year 1898 by the Punjab gether different from any I had Branch of the British and Foreign ever breathed before. Here was Bible Society. I had seen the book God spoken of as loving sinful men.

lie on the shelf as long as I could I had heard of God judging men recollect, but it had never been on the last day but never of God read. loving them in the present day. In Beginning to read the Testament fact, it had never occurred to me 593 3

that God had anything so directly Testament. I was rent between the to do with men. It was strange! two types of teaching. I read other books on the subject but for fear On the other hand. There were of arousing the suspicion of my things in the New Testament that parents I had to keep everything were extremely repugnant to a secret. I studied till late at night, Moslem. I had, for instance, al- long after everyone in the house ways imagined that the Christians had retired. I also sought out a worshiped three gods. Islam has Christian friend who had taught laid great stress on the unity of me in college and had a long talk God. "There is no god but God" with him. At the end of the interhas been the creed of Islam view I was convinced of two throughout these centuries. It puz- things: first, that the Christians zled me that Christians could not did not worship three gods, but see that there was only one God. I only one; secondly, that sin is a could not see how such a spiritual far more serious affair than to be religion could go astray on the most removed by fastings and alms. But fundamental question of all. "If I was more puzzled than ever. there seem.s to be any truth in I tried to reason myself out of Christianity/' . 1 reasoned, "it is the situation and then tried to for- get the whole matter. Anything what is left to it of the original true in Christianity I attributed to teachings of'Jesus. Truly the Injil its primitive form, and its attrac- (Gospel) has been subverted by tion for me I thought to be the sugthe Christians." gestion of the devil. But I could not forget what I had di.scovered. There was another difficulty- I knew that I was a sinner and the problem of the Cross. To an that I needed a Saviour, but I orthodox Moslem there is nothing thought that Christ could not have mm.i! absurd than to believe that anything to do with this. the 'Son of God was crucified for the sins of men. How can the right- Weeks of suspense and agony eOUll suffer for the unrighteous? passed. I was seriously in doubt HoW is it possible for one man to and decided to read the Gospels take away the sins of the whole again to see what faults I could race? To depend on fastings, end- find in them. But I only discovered less prayers, penance and alms is that Jesus had a far larger place understandable, but to think that in them than I was willing to admere faith is sufficient-why it is mit. "God," said I, "if this is corpreposterous! rect what shall I do? Can the New Testament be right after all?" Even disregarding other objections, a great gulf exists between Another thought now deterred Christians and Moslems. By com- me. If I should follow the way of mon consent Christianity has been the Gospel I could not stay with regarded among the people of In- my loved ones. I dared not think dia as the religion of the foreigner of all that was involved in my turnand the outcastes. Consider the ing away from the faith of my fadisgrace of accepting a religion of thers. But I had to make the choice the outcastes! The term Christian between God and man. Jesus had is to us a synonym for a scavenger anticipated this difficulty and said and a pariah. High born men could that His followers must be ready not think much of Christianity!

But I could not overlook the New

WHY I LEFT ISLAM FOR CHRIST

to give up everything to follow Him there are new and limitless vistas and that sacrifices in this world ever opening up. Though it is imwere recompensed by rewards from possible to explore anyone of them the Father in heaven. fully in this life, we have the as- surance that Christ is the pledge Finally I decided to give up my of our eternal life. In Him we live home, my family, and my friends and move and have our being and and as a result suffered many hard though the earthly house of our experiences which I cannot re- life grow old and fall we have an count. On the first of May, 1921, eternal Home with Him. I was baptized and was received into the fellowship of Christ. In Christ I have seen a marvel- ous vision of the future of man- Was this giving up of home and kind. Here is a comprehensive and kindred and the other things of an all inclusive goal which is life worth while? During these ten worthy of the best effort and highyears that I have tried to follow est sacrifice of every individual. Christ I have never for a second Children of God are welded toregretted the step, but have felt gether into a brotherhood of rightthat it was the wisest thing I have eousness in the Kingdom of God. ever done. My reward in Christ The human race is marching tohas been far more than I had ex- ward that goal of the high calling pected. . of God in Christ Jesus. I am cer- tain that it is only in approximat- My Reward ing to this ideal of the Kingdom of God, which Jesus revealed, that the In the first place, the mere dis- human race will ever arrive at that cipline of having gone through era of peace and felicity for which such an experience leads to a better we all hope and pray. appreciation of life and the things that one has are enjoyed in a new To live in Christ is also to live spirit. God gave me a vision and for Christ; therefore I am urged it is a great satisfaction to have to be of service to those among followed the call at His bidding. whom my lot is cast. There are This has made me more reliant on new reserves which I must develop Him· and more contented. and use in His service. In the life that I lived apart from Him I Christ has given a unity and a squandered the talents that I had· meaning to my life. He is the clue but now I have the ambition to to the tangled skein of my life. In use what is left for my God and so far as I am able to yield myself my fellowmen. There was a time to Him I find that He is able to when my chief desire was to get make me conquer self and to be a a comfortable place for myself and happier man. In my fight against to live at ease, but now I could sin I am now on the winning side. never be happy if I were not sure The guilt that wrecked my happi- that the work that I am doing is ness is removed by the power of what He would have me do. I am God. Though I am so imperfect I happy because I serve not a dead find in Him that singleness of Master but a living Lord. heart and purpose which lead to moral and spiritual well-being. But surpassing all this, in Christ I have found God. He is the tangi- Christ has given me a new out- ble manifestation of God. In so look on life which I would not exchange for the whole world. The world seems so much larger and

far as I am able to apprehend history. We have not outgrown Christ I am able to understand either the need of God nor the dewhat God is like. I believe in God because I believe in Christ. If I sire to be of service to our fellows. did not believe in Christ I could not believe in God. He is worthy, In Christ we find all that we need and more than worthy, to receive of certainty and power not only to the truest and the utmost devotion upbuild our own lives but to fashof my heart and all my love because ion anew the whole fabric of so- He first loved me and redeemed me. ciety in which we live. The Christ has shown me that in and Almighty God has in Christ made over and behind this confusing uni- the contact with men that the huverse is a Fatherly Heart of Love. man race has been trying to es- This is a revelation no amount of tablish through various religious money. can buy and no one but systems during all these centuries. Christ can substantiate. In Him We cannot have peace with God was the Love of God manifested to through our good works or alms us and in Him are hid all the treas- or prayers. Something far more ures of wisdom and knowledge. He vital is needed, even the gift of God is the answer to the cry of the hu- Himself that all men might know man heart through the centuries: Him and live. "Oh, that Thou wouldst rend the heavens and come down"; that Our Task in India . men may see face to face the invisible God whom they worship. We in India are confronted with the grave task of erecting a new To know Christ is to have life. nation and trying to gain greater It is to know the best that life has liberty, but the thing that is most to offer for which to live and to needed, along with this striving for strive. In Him life finds its deep- freedom, is a driving and a regenest yearnings satisfied and life erating force to undergird the new gains its highest worth. Apart system with moral power. Here from Him life is not worth living. in Christ is dynamic that, if ac- Those who have not learned to cepted and used, will lead any know Him have not yet discovered country to a new state of rightthe eternal fountain of life from eousness. No man or community which a man may drink his fill and who has caught the spirit of Christ never drain it. It is this which fills can be stolid and lifeless, or relife full of joy and peace. main on the old level of life or thought. Jesus Christ is constant- Is it any wonder that I should ly leading men onward to fresh urge upon all who do not know Je- tasks of love and devotion and sus Christ to taste and see this way moral heroism. Those who have of life? We today are living under really tried to open the door of life conditions which no preceding gen- with Christ as key have found the eration had to face but our spir- portals swing open to them of their itual, moral and religious problems own accord. Even as Jesus said: are essentially the same as men "I am the Way, the Truth and the have had to face from the dawn of Life: no one cometh unto the Fa- ther but by me."

JO (RIGHT) WITH HER HELPER AND KINDERGARTEN

MRS. JO, "THE SUICIDE DOCTOR "OF JAPAN BY MAYME MOORE W HEN one thinks of mission- contact with some small but living ary effort, one is inclined to work that is large in results. We paint a mental picture of meet some saint whose name has great orphanages, schools and col- not been heralded abroad, who in a leges, medical centers, or leper col- few moments changes us from onies, all supported by Western skepticism to enthusiasm. funds and more humanitarian than religious; or one may see churches, Such was our experience when missions, Sunday Schools, evangel- we met Mrs. J 0, the Good Samariistic work for saving souls. This tan of Kobe, Japan. Big of body, large vision is too much for our large hearted, Mrs. Jo's impelling small minds to compass. The .Far motive seems to be Christian sym- East is a long way off. Why should pathy. This does not content itself we worry? with .tears and sentiment, but is manifested in common sense action. But when one goes to the Orient, the whole thing becomes liv- "Oh, yes, the suicide doctor!" ing, dynamic; overnight we be- said some one in Tokyo, when we come mission-minded! Seen at first asked, "Who is Mrs. J a?" In Osaka hand, the humanitarian effort ap- people were even more incoherent pears a small beehive of activity, but more enthusiastic, "You must trying to serve brothers in distress! see her," they reiterated, "she lives The evangelistic w 0 r k I 00 k s in Kobe." starved! After seventy years of work in Japan, only a quarter of a Kobe is the industrial center of million Christians. But our right- Japan. Here the Japanese girls and about-face from indifference to women meet the same problems fervor is occasioned by personal that their American sisters meet when they go to the cities and enter factories or commercial activities.

597

The Kobe Woman's Welfare Asso- approached by young men who had ciation, (Kobe Fujin DoJo Kai), is been drinking heavily of sake, she not essentially an evangelistic ef- left the train and came stumbling fort. It is a common sense work to to Mrs. Jo whose name she had meet a definite need. The Associa- seen on a sign. Other girls, without tion is Mrs. Jo. The work is helped funds, stared into blank uncer- by an advisory board of mission- tainty until some policeman told aries, receives the endorsement of them to go to Mrs. J o. So the the law, some aid comes from the stories are legion, tales of disap- government, but its story is mainly pointments, sorrows, heartaches, the story of one woman of vision fears, despair. Calmly this woman and sympathy whose spirit trans- attacks the problem, carefully she formed the vision into reality. rehabilitates.

"Wait a bit, God is love!" How In 1916, without any financial clearly it was depicted in the calm backing, Mrs. Jo began her work in features and in the quiet strength Kobe. Where she came from, who of the woman. There is no hurry, she was, why she came-no one or uncertainty about Mrs. Jo. seems to know. Where did the oak "I have records of over 2,500 forest come from! Who laid the women and. girls who have come first stone of the most ancient ca- here for help and encouragement in thedral! She is a cool, quiet retreat, the past ten years," she said. "Our for tired souls. She is a well of work is of necessity a lifting of the mercy. We can well understand immediate burden, but we have why our question, "Who Is Mrs.

made a start on a permanent work J o?" was never answered.

in making life more livable for Perhaps she has always lived in working women." The plain face Kobe. Perhaps her own life was al- lights up with an eagerness of one most wrecked. Here she appeared who adventures in paths of peace. in 1916, and she was not long in Quietly she told us-in a gentle, making herself felt. She rented a vibrant voice-of the woman in house and advertised through the the North whose husband sold daily press that she was ready to their eldest daUghter, and of the help women in distress! That is mother, distracted by the tragedy amazing enough! Think how such all too common in Japan, who tried an advertisement in American pa- to kill herself and her other chil- pers would set people wondering!

dren. Some person who knew of Mrs. J 0 went to the police and to Mrs. J 0 sent for this tower of the missionaries telling them what strength. The woman and the chil- she was ready to do. Posters ap- dren were brought to the house in peared on the wharves and at rail- Kobe, where they were given a way stations, "Wait a bit; God is little home of their own. The moth- Love!" followed by the added lines er was encouraged and the hus- telling where Mrs. J 0 and her band was sought out, finally the sympathy and aid might be se- whole sad tangle was straightened cured. Authorities encouraged the out and the woman and her chil- work, missionaries welcomed it.

dren went home. She told us of the The Kobe Woman's Welfare As- young girl who wanted the life of sociation began in a simple way the city and came from her village and, in two years Mrs. J 0 bought a home, frightened, alone, and when house large enough to accommodate

"DO YOU LOVE YOURSELF?"

twenty women. In 1922 she added competent nurses; here they grow four rooms and a chapel. But it has strong and healthy, waiting until more than most welfare homes, for the home life of the mother is adit has Mrs. Jo, a whole host of sym- justed so that the family may live pathy, sense, vigor. their normal life.

In 1926 a larger building was Suma is the suicide place of Jaerected-a typical Japanese house, pan. At this lovely sea-coast place commodious enough to care, not many come who do not see its beauonly of stranded girls, but for ty, but are drawn by a desire to moth€rs and very young children. cast themselves into the sea. Here There are ten mothers' apartments, Mrs. J 0 erected one of her signs, each consisting of one room and a "Wait a bit, God is Love!" This kitchen, so that separate family sign has arrested many who had no life may be maintained. In the further use for life and she led nursery we saw the tiny tots who them to a knowledge of God are safe while their mothers go out through Jesus Christ. to work. They are cared for by "DO YOU LOVE YOURSELF?"

BY WILLIS R. HOTCHKISS, Lumbwa Industrial Mission Missionary at KcrAchvJ Kenya (}(}lonYJ B riti·sh East Africa T HE other day at the back of had been trouble between two our farm an old man ap- neighboring tribes and the white . proached me and offered his man went out to negotiate peace. hand with the usual salutation: The elders of the two parties dis- "Chamege" (Do you love your- cussed matters and after coming self?) It was the native salutation to an amicable arrangement, they meaning "How do you do?" Then appointed one from each side to ache proceeded to spit on our clasped quaint the white man with their hands more vigorously than even decision. To his horror and amazenative etiquette required. This ment, when they neared him the was quite proper from an African two began to spit violently at each viewpoint, though not so nice. All other, and then both together at the while he was exclaiming, "My him! Not knowing that they were friend! My dear friend! My fa- actually sealing their pact of ther! My father!" All was just friendship, and suspecting treachexcess of friendliness. Being a ery, with insult a<j.ded, he struck missionary one has to grin and them and ordered them under arbear it—or at any rate, bear it- rest. The warriors, seeing their at least until we can teach them to elders struck, started fighting, and adopt a more pleasant method of hostilities were began again. expressing friendship. The man had come, fatherlike, to plead for These incidents illustrate a tenhis son who had been ordered off dency, all too common to this day, the mission land on account of mis- of looking at the native from the demeanors. European point of view. This col- ony is now in the throes of a bitter The incident recalls the story controversy with the home governtold of a certain white official in the ment, because some excellent peoearly days of the colony. There ple suppose they are helping the

native by telling him that he is be- prevailing depression. I saw these ing defrauded of his rights and same Lumbwa natives bidding on despoiled of his land at the hands even terms with the white people of the settlers. Their remedy for for his effects. Nevertheless I pick that is to launch the native into up a paper and read a letter from politics-a blunder which, when a native who, under the tutelage applied to the Negroes in America of false friends, talks grandiloafter the Civil War, cost unmeas- quently of Africa belonging to the ured suffering to both races. African and demanding this and that as his right. Sooner or later The native of Kenya Colony is, something is bound to happen. at this moment, better off in a material sense than the average white What has all this to do with the man. Compared with what he was missionary as a herald of salvathirty years ago–naked in body tion? In the first place, it is plantand in mind; never for a moment ing the seeds of race hatred in safe from his enemies in the flesh, these susceptible native minds. and still less so from those of the Doubtless that is the last thing spirit; the sport of malignant these zealous friends would think forces which he was forever pro- of doing; but it is a fact. Moscow pitiating-the African is today far is pledged to upset the native races, richer in the things that make for and an increasing number of commaterial comfort and contentment munist natives even now are than is his white neighbor. spreading their doctrines in the reserves. The time is short. The Take the Lumbwa people for ex- propaganda of revolution must be ample. When I came to them in met by a propaganda of salvation. 1905 they were the most wretched The transforming power of the lot of human beings you could Gospel of Christ may change the imagine-starving in a rich land, course of history in East Africa, and even selling their children for but it must be a real Gospel of the grace of God and not "another gosfood. But yesterday I attended a pel." sale of the effects of a white neighbor who had succumbed before the GIVE A THOUGHT TO AFRICA Give a thought to Africa! Pray that Afric's heart may be 'Neath the burning sun, Loyal to our King.

Hosts of weary hearts are there, Give your love to Africa! Waiting to be won. There our brothers call.

Many idols have they, Bring release from slavery, But from swamp and clod Break sin's bitter thrall.

Many a voice is crying out White shall love the black man, For the living God. Each forget the past; Breathe a prayer for Africa! In the Father's house above "0 Thou God of love, All will meet at last.

Send Thy blessings on the tribes -Hosea K. Nyabonga, of Ugan- From Thy home above." da, East Africa, and Clark Univer- sity, Atlanta, Ga. Swarthy lips when moved by grace Can most sweetly sing;

THE SURPRISING

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, en route to Penang, Malaya WE HAVE had no greater In 1868, his son, King Chula- surprise than lovely Siam. longkorn, came to the throne. Of In a conference with His him someone has said, "It is men Royal Highness, Prince Damrong, like King Chulalongkorn who in Varadis Palace, Bangkok, this tempt one to believe that history "grand old man of Siam" who is is made by a few outstanding men, the chief adviser of the king, spoke rather than by the ordinary course in most appreciative terms of the of events." This remarkable ruler work, sacrifice, and personal gen- introduced into Siam, railroads, ius of the missionaries. His fine telegraph, telephone, a public face reminded me of William school system, abolished slavery, Ewart Gladstone. closed up the gambling (licensed) The Presbyterian Board, for dens, began to reduce the sale of ninety years, has served gloriously opium, reorganized the army and in helping to bring Siam to a ful- police and the government, sent ler realizatiQn of her higher self. many of his sons to Europe and In April, 1932, Siam celebrates the America to be educated according 150th anniversary of the beginning to foreign standards and come of the present dynasty of kings. back to their own country to be- Rarely in history do we find a suc- come heads of departments in the cession of seven kings in the same government. He ruled for forty- dynasty, and such kings as those two years. He died in 1910 greatly with which Siam has been blessed. beloved and sincerely mourned by his people. Modern Siam began with the reign of King Mongkut, fourth of His son, Rama VI, carried on the this dynasty. While serving in the reforms started by his father. He Temple he asked one of the early organized the Boy Scouts (before missionaries to teach him. Mr. it had been done in the U. S.), He Caswell taught him English, math- was a literary man, doing much ematics and the sciences. King writing, especially plays. It was Mongkut realized the need of for- during his reign that the World eign education in order to properly War took place and Siam joined compete with the foreign traders the Allies sending an expeditionary and others who had begun to come force to Europe. At the close of to Siam. When he came to the the War two Siamese were present throne, he began to develop his at the signing of the Treaty of country along modern lines. Up Peace. The adviser in foreign afto this time, someone has said, fairs has always been an Ameri- "Siam was like a country much as can. Different ones who have held we read about in the Arabian this responsible position had been Nights." King Mongkut was working toward a change of treafriendly to foreigners, especially to ties with foreign countries, trying the missionaries and was the first to get them to give up their exking to grant land to Protestant traterritorial rights without commissionaries for buildings for their pensation. The United States was work. the first to do this. It was Dr.

601

Francis B. Sayre who finally The present financial depression brought this about with the Euro- is being felt in Siam as well as in pean countries having treaties other countries. After a meeting with Siam. This has been a great of the Supreme Council recently benefit to the country. The king one member was heard to remark. died in 1925. At the time of his "We realize that we must reduce death the country was in a danger- government expenses and we told ous financial position, owing to His Majesty to begin by reducing certain of his advisers. our incomes." Such is the spirit of the country. King Prajadhipok, the present ruler, on coming to the throne used Dr. James McKean, a Presbyfirm measures to reduce expenses. terian missionary who has j'ust re- He gained the confidence of his tired after forty years of service people in many ways. He estab- in Siam, started the first organized lished a Supreme Council, com- work for lepers ever undertaken. posed of five of the most trusted This dread disease claims thoumen in the country, who act as sands in Siam as it does in so advisers. He dismissed many for- many of the Oriental countries. eigners who were heads of depart- The government has since started ments of the ,government and re- a leper colony of its own, The placed them by Siamese, many of splendidly developed leper work in whom had been trained abroad. Chiengmai is known the world He dismissed from government over wherever the needs of these scores of Siamese who were draw- poor, afflicted people are being coning pay but doing little work. This sidered. While Dr. McKean was has been the means of changing in Bangkok, on his way to Amerithe ideals of young men from ca, His Majesfy was giving a garworking for easy government po- den party to the diplomats and a sitions where labor would be light select group of the foreign comand advance rapid, to preparing munity, also the highest of the themselves not only for profes- Siamese princes and officials. His sional work but also for agriculture, business, and mechanics. Majesty heard that Dr. McKean was in the city and sent him an He retrenched in his own house- invitation. During the party His hold, disposing of dozens of automobiles owned by his brother, the Majesty sent a special messenger late king, and keeping only a few to Dr. McKean who brought him the length of the garden and prewhich were absolutely necessary. He retrenched in the royal kitchen; sented him to the king and queen. he also cut down his own income. They shook hands with him and The best members of the Royal thanked him personally for all that Family are all hard workers, hav- he had done for their country. ing their country's best interests deeply at heart. World travellers should not fail to visit Siam. It is one of the most unique countries in Asia.

"We ~baU babe aU eternitp to celebrate tbe bidorie~, but we babe onlp tbe few bour~ before ~un~et to win tbem."

IN MISSIONARY

BY THE EDITOR T HE present situation in mis- that human slavery, public torture, sion lands not only indicates immolation of widows, child sacri- a time of crisis and the need fice, and other evils have been made for the application of a radical illegal. The education of women remedy, if we are to avoid chaos, was, in some lands, begun in spite but the work of the Christian of popular disapproval. Solitary Church in these lands shows the missionaries went into Africa, need for a new evaluation and for Burma, China and other hostile some changes in policy and pro- territory without asking protection gram. The policies and methods from their own governments; they of pioneer days, and of the period unhesitatingly risked their lives to of adolescence in Foreign Missions, carry the Gospel to the heathen.

have been effective; but new con- Their patience and sacrifice was so ditions, new dangers, new opportu- effective that many non-Christian nities demand new policies and governments later have acknowl- methods. The Church executives edged the great value of their at home have realized this and are humanitarian service and have about to send abroad a Laymen's highly praised their work.

Foreign Mission Inquiry to study Today the Protestant missionary the facts and to r e com men d enterprise alone (not counting the changes that seem advisable. extensive work of Roman Catho- We call attention to three ele- lics) has grown to huge propor- ments in the crisis as it relates to tions. Twenty thousand men and missionary policies in the foreign women are working in foreign field today. lands and many millions of dollars 1. RELATION TO GOVERNMENTS. have been invested in schools, hos- In the early days of Protestant pitals, orphanages, churches and missions, one supreme motive led other property. The governments men to go to heathen lands-this of "sending countries" are so zeal- was to take the message of Christ, ous to maintain their national pres- "offering to lost and dying souls tige that they are not ready to over- the gift of life through Him." look any disregard shown for the The messengers went out facing, rights of their citizens residing not only separation from home and abroad. An indignity or harm to a loved ones, and the prospect of missionary therefore becomes the severe physical hardships, but subject for diplomatic controversy hostile governments and bitter and may even lead to armed inter- opposition from other religions on vention. Non-Christian nations the field. They set their course to have, at times, become suspicious avoid entangling alliances with the of missionary influence and have non-Christian governments and suspected and accused messengers with religious devotees whose evil of Christ of being "agents for practices they ever fearlessly de- capitalistic and imperialistic Gov- nounced. It was largely through ernments."

the influence of Christian missions The right of residence is now 603

granted to foreigners, except in a in mission policy. Are messengers few countries, but the right of re- of Christ to obey men or God when ligious propaganda and of carry- commands conflict1 Are they to ing on Christian education is ques- work in harmony with non-Christioned in Japan, Chosen and tian governments at the expense of Persia, and more particularly in evangelizing effort, or shall they China and Turkey. This causes a risk displeasure and antagonism, critical situation in missionary and even expulsion and the closing work. Christian schools and col- of their institutional work? When leges formerly offered almost the conflicts arise, shall God's Word be only opportunity for modern edu- the guide or the restrictions of a cation in these non-Christian lands. non-Christian State? Is it better Missionaries inaugurated primary schools and modern education in to close secular educational work India, China, Chosen and in almost entirely, if necessary, rather than every other mission field. Now to give up the main purpose for that national educational institutions have been established, the which it was founded. Oriental governments are jealous Missionaries today also face the or suspicious of Christian influence. They naturally wish to con- problem of putting national or trol the training of their future a supernational allegiance first. citizens and they demand that re- Shall they follow the example of ligion-especially the Christian re- Christ and be subject to the laws ligion-be divorced from secular of their adopted land, when these education. In China, the govern- laws do not contravene the laws of ment has ruled that foreign-sup- God, or shall they claim their right ported schools and colleges must to be judged before their own nabe turned over to the control of tional courts and to the protection Nationals by the appointment of of their home governments? Many Chinese Principals and by a ma- of our finest missionaries believe jority membership of Nationals on that it is better to withdraw, if the boards of control. They re- necessary, from a land or a work quire that all pupils be trained in where liberty to preach and teach Dr. Sun Yat Sen's Principles in the the Gospel is denied, or to suffer place of teaching the Christian persecution and death, rather than Scriptures. At one mission school to accommodate the Christian mesin Tsingtau, we saw quotations sage and methods to non-Christian from Dr. Sun's will posted on all requirements. the walls of the schoolrooms-but no words of Christ were displayed 2. Another factor in this crisis there. Turkey, Persia, China, Ja- in missionary policy relates to the pan and other countries have also method and the manner in which undertaken to dictate what mission mission work shall be conducted. schools may and may not teach. In the early days-and in fact until Religious teaching and worship, if the beginning of the twentieth permitted at all, must be on a century when missions became purely voluntary basis. more widely recognized and more largely supported-the work was This change in the educational generally conducted on a very situation points to a serious crisis simple scale. The limited re- sources at the command of the mis- sionaries, and the unlimited need, necessitated very great economy in

CRISIS IN MISSIONARY POLICIES

buildings, equipment, salaries and in elementary schools and must other expenses. Much of the med- make all religious instruction and ical work was done by itinerating attendance at chapel voluntary and doctors, and the educational build- extra-curricula. Chapel services ings were very modest and gener- must be held, if at all, outside the ally inadequate. Then came the college campus. A majority of the time when large plans were formed trustees and the chief administra- more in harmony with the magni- tors must be Chinese. Turkey tude of the need; when appeals also has forbidden religious in- were made to wealthy givers, when struction in schools and there must union institutions were established, be no attempt on the part of teach- some with large endowments. The ers to change the faith of pupils standards were thus gradually- who are under eighteen years of sometimes suddenly – raised to age. A few years ago Persia reach more nearly those of similar passed a law requiring the exclu- institutions in England and Ameri- sion of Chrisitan teaching and ca. The Rockefeller Medical In- worship from mission schools but stitute in Peiping suddenly raised so much trouble resulted that the the standard of salaries and equip- government has refrained from in- ment for all China medical work sisting on its enforcement. Japan and made pioneering seem more made an effort to abolish Christian difficult or impossible without such worship and teaching in the mis- aid. Great colleges and universi- sion schools of Korea, but since ties, with American or British most of the primary education has charters, have been established in been in Christian hands, for the Japan, Korea, China, India, Tur- present Japan permits voluntary key, Syria, and Egypt. These com- attendance at chapel services and pare favorably in equipment and at Bible classes.

curriculum with many in America Medical and industrial missions and England. They rival or sur- also face the question: Shall this pass government colleges, with work be primarily scientific and which some have become affiliated. practical or fundamentally mis- The desire to receive government sionary-with an evangelistic pur- recognition and subsidies has led pose? . At least one mission hos- to the apparent necessity for se- pital, among those we recently curing larger enrolment and better visited in Asia, reported a fine equipment, for adopting the stand- medical record, but could not point ard curricula of non-Christian to any definite plan for effectively States, and for higher paid, better- presenting Christ to the patients trained professors and specialists. or their families. Some do not This also has led to the opening of even seem to have this as their the doors to more non-Christian supreme aim. Industrial missions students, to the employment of are important among primitive more non-Christian teachers and peoples and those who need to in some cases to the election of learn methods of self-support, but non-Christian trustees. some have been abandoned because In China, mission schools are re- they became merely commercial quired to be registered, and before enterprises. Leper asylums and this is effected they must agree orphanages are Christian enter- not to teach the Bible and religion prises which may also do a great

spiritual work but some have be- Christian missbns, outside of the come merely humanitarian institu- direct work of the Spirit of God, tions, and so have missed their has always been the Christ-like highest service. character and devotion of the in- It is not difficult to see the crisis dividual missionary or native evan- to which this situation leads. In gelist. Today we are confronted spite of the desire and purpose of by a world-wide increase of mate- missionary teachers, and of mis- rialism and agnosticism; a greater sion boards and officials, to mani- emphasis on higher education and fest a Christian spirit and to exert science, the broader appeal for a positive Christian influence, very social service; the growing anti- many mission colleges and hos- religious agitatiOfi; and the sym- pitals are in danger of becoming pathetic exploitation of ethnic more and more secularized. In the religions. In view of these facts desire to reach a higher technical it is unthinkable that there should standard, and to exert a wider in- be in Christian missions any les- fluence, they are tempted to become sening of emphasis on the prime less intensively Christian and less necessity for spiritual qualifica- missionary in aim, methods and tions in those sent to the mission results. Frankly this is what some field or that there should be less supporters advocate. Christianity emphasis on the main purpose of includes all the best things of life- leading men and women to a full in science and art, sociology and surrender to Jesus Christ as divine world relationships, but in propor- Lord and Saviour.

tion as science and other branches How .Meet this Crisis supplant spirituality, a work ceases to be an evangelizing effort and We are convinced that some mis- may cease to be Christian. We sion policies should be changed or saw an effective mission hospital clarified to meet the present crisis.

in India that recognizes the need We must not lose sight of our main for the supreme emphasis on spiritual healing and at the same time objective, or permit this to become is favorably known for its excellent obscured. In every age and among medical work. This hospital re- all non-Christians this missionary cently sent out the following call objective is so to present Christ in to praying partners: His fulness, and so to teach what He has commanded, that all who The work cannot go on in strength will may find in Him the fulfilment without another skilled physician and of their greatest spiritual needs. No desire for great institutions, another well-trained medical woman. for wide influence, for government As you know these doctors are ex- support or for human approbation, pected, first of all to be evangelists should turn us aside from this main and to share in the spiritual work inside and outside the hospital. Pray for skilful, warm-hearted medicals, objective. The Church should ready for anything, if only souls may send out to the mission field— be won to Christ. either for long or for short terrns- 3. A third factor in the modern only those workers who are crisis in missionary policy relates equipped spiritually for their task; to the spiritual qualifications of the men and women of faith, prayer workers. The greatest asset in and devotion, who put first the

winning of others to Him who dependence is on God for the came to save the world. supply of daily needs, for workers and equipment, for guidance, for It is one of the encouraging protection and for fruitage. Each signs of the times that in every worker is only an instrument in the land, aud in almost every station, hands of God. In such a mission we found that experienced mission- He is asked to send patients to the aries are insisting that greater hospital and pupils to the school; emphasis must be put on evangel- He is asked definitely and continuism. At a recent meeting in Persia ally to prepare and send mesthe place of evangelism in the hos- sengers to give the message; and pital was warmly debated with the His spirit is expected to make conclusion that, while every effort ready the hearts of hearers. The must be made to give those in need result is not release from harship, the best medical attention possible, or from opposition and trial, but and while tact must be used in pre- this method produces fruitfulness, senting the Gospel, the greatest and brings joy in the hearts of benefit has been withheld if the sin workers and a consciousness of sick soul is left unhealed while the partnership in the Great Task. diseased or crippled body is repaired. We believe that the mission pol- icy needed today in these non- Many missionaries are also ad- Christian lands includes these vocating less attention to all insti- elements: tutional work, which so often involves large expense with small 1. The primary emphasis in all spiritual result, and they ask that departments of m iss ion work more money and effort be given should be on evangelism. We are to evangelism-to pioneering, to commissioned to preach the Gospel the training of native evangelists and to teach what Jesus Christ and to the building up of national commanded. This command has churches. The effectiveness of the never been abrogated and Christ Burmese College Gospel Teams, alone meets man's greatest need. and similar groups in Siam, India and the South Seas, has given new 2. All missionaries should be stimulus to the evangelistic empha- men and women of clear, positive sis in educational centers. faith in the Word of God and in Christ as the only Way of Life; There are missions that have they must be selected with referadopted the policy we believe to ence to their fitness for the task, be greatly needed today. It is their sacrificial devotion and prac- tical Christian experience. scriptural and it is practical. In Korea missions, apostolic methods 3. On the field, emphasis should have been in vogue for forty years, be placed, not on the building up of with wonderful results. At Dohna- large institutions but on spiritual vur, South India, is a mission vitality in the work; not on where beautiful, healthful sur- breadth but on depth; not on roundings, practical education, in- human standards but on the divine dustrial work, social uplift and pattern. medical service are combined; but the ever present motive is to win (Next article-"The Crisis in Mission Churches.") individuals to Christ. Here and in other spiritual missions, the chief

PLIGHT OF RUSSIAN

T HROUGHOUT the Volga Re- River on the east. The German gion and southern Russia refugees, for the last 150 or 200 there were formerly hundreds years, have colonized in Central of thousands of German-speaking and Southern Russia. Recently the Russians, descendants of the immi- oppressive measures of the Soviets grants invited by Catherine the have forced them into Siberia.

Great three hundred years ago to The writer (H. L. Haag), and settle the steppes and to make Rev. Ch. W. Kastler of the Harbin farms out of grazing land. These Lutheran Church, succeeded in people, mostly Lutherans but in- bringing a company of these un- cluding Mennonites and Roman fortunate people from northeastern Catholics, were forced under the Manchuria to Harbin.

old laws to continue using German Observers from the northeastern in their worship. Though thrifty districts of Manchuria, during the and industrious, the entire group last two months, have brought has been under suspicion of the many stories of the terrible condi- Soviets who !:lome years ago began tions of Russians and Germans liv- to exile them to Siberia on false ing in the various little Chinese charges. Many died ihere and a villages of that part of the country.

few have wandered east to the The accounts of occasional refugees Manchurian border where recently who had walked the 300 miles sub- they have attempted to cross into stantiated the belief that these China. people are in sore need of help. A Two Lutheran missionaries in special committee of the Man- China, the Rev. L. Grady Cooper churian Missionary Union, consist- and the Rev. P. P. Anspach, read- ing of Rev. Kastler and myself was ing the account in American asked to work out means of getting papers, turned a vacation period first-hand information and acting into a "missionary journey" to in- as soon as possible to relieve the vestigate the situation to the north. suffering.

At Harbin they organized a local Our trip to Lishowchen and relief committee and promised the Hetsezde proved to be one of un- use of a special fund held by the usual interest and importance. At United Lutheran Church Mission the town of Lishowchen we had no in China. trouble in getting a line on the Mr. Howard L. Haag, an Ameri- situation of the Germans, for as can Christian Association secre- we entered the shabby little Chi- tary, who heads the Harbin nese inn we were greeted by committee, relates in detail a situ- Germans themselves who had be- ation of which the outside world come stranded in this miserable knows practically nothing. village till aid could be found to Russian and German refugees transport them further. They re- are continually fleeing into Man- ported that there were at least 150 churia from Soviet Russia, either of their group in the town of Het- the Manchuli border, the Amur sezde some 200 miles away.

River on the north or the Ussuri At Lishowchen transportation 608 facilities for these people from to have their things together and Hetsezde to Lishowchen had to be ready to pull out at midnight.

arranged and the innkeeper who Then we began making out of had been feeding them had to be cloth, tags for each one bearing the bargained with in order to have name of the committee we were them free for transportation to working under and the person's Harbin. These two matters were own name and number in Chinese.

not easy ones to liquidate. For five Among the refugees were Greek solid hours we bargained with the Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Men- owner of the bus line. At last nonites, and Baptists as well as Rev. Kastler brought the bargain Lutherans.

to a close by getting the owner There was one other matter down from $3,500 (Chinese Mex.) which was especially unpleasant, to $2,3·50 for five buses for four A Russian woman had arrived days to bring as many people as alone in Hetsezde about the end of the buses would hold, over 200 December. She had lived about miles. Then the innkeeper began one month in a Chinese home.

another long three-hour bargain- When the head of the house de- ing session. Scores of villagers manded that she pay him $70 for came in to partake in the general her keep for the month she was discussion. After endless talk, forced to refuse. He then sold her Rev. Kastler forced him to sign an to another Chinese for the sum of agreement wherein we were to pay $55. This latter had taken her as him for 25 people at 80 cents each his wife and treated her most for 60 days. brutally. This poor woman es- We had set for ourselves a short caped when she heard that we had schedule in which to accomplish arrived and came to throw herself the work of gathering together at our feet begging that in God's the people we wished to take away name she be taken out of the place.

with us. Looking back on it all Her "owner" came to us demand- now, I can scarcely see how it came ing that she be given back to him about that we did actually carry or that we pay him the sum of out our plan with such dispatch. $70. Of course the scene which Our plan was to make all financial took place was unspeakable. He adjustments with the Chinese and presented a large paper which of- start the return trip by 12 o'clock ficially gave him ownership over the following midnight. her. With him he had gathered At Hetsezde we set about deal- some 25 or more rough fellows who ing with the chief of police who were out to get vengeance. At one examined the document of the time their cries outside the room Harbin police and seemed satisfied. in which we were bargaining We then made a trip to the home sounded most threatening. After of the head man of the village, the officials had talked with the where we met at once with hostil- owner, he was willing to, at first, ity. He set about at once putting settle for $40 then for $30, and obstacles'in our way, but he finally then finally for $20.

promised that he would get to- As Rev. Mr. Kastler and I con- gether a general statement of what ferred together as to the results of the refugee people owed the vari- our bargaining with the Chinest: ous shops, inns, etc. We told them of this town, it seemed that all tht: 4

forces of evil which this little be hoped for but little in sight. settlement could m u s t e r were Truly they have come from one terrible condition in Soviet Rusabout to be showered down upon sia into another which offers them as little hope. Already there are us. Surely we must stay here no several thousands of refugees, both longer than necessary, for even German and Russian, in Harbin though we had come to agreements and each day brings pleas for help with the head man of the village from the villages of North Manand the owner of "Maria," the vil- churia where more people have lagers were not satisfied. It was congregated. Many have come four o'clock when finally the last over with their horses, their cattle, bus was loaded, the doors closed and all they possess. They cannot and the order given to start. get land from the Chinese for the latter are afraid of the_ conse- Not until we were quite clear of quences. Gradually each refugee the viHage and our three Inter- loses all he brings over till he is national trucks speeding down the forced to go in debt to the Chinese. road did we feel safe. Never have This makes it next to impossible I felt- such sense of relief as that to move from one village to anmoment we looked back to see the other. Furthermore the Chinese dark outlines of Hetsezde fade out authorities make it necessary for of sight. The hardships of the trip each Russian to have a passport ahead were nothing to what we had costing from $7.00 to $60.00 each gone through. if he wishes to move.

Of the trip to Lishowchen much Though these facts are unesmight be written. It was the flight capable. in all justice it must be of exiles, a Christian exodus. added that no government has Each bus held from 30 to 45 tired, acted with greater consideration hungry, worried people. The chil- toward these unfortunate 'people dren at first took it as an exciting than has China. Individual Chiadventure but soon as the road be- nese in outlying villages have and came rough and our buses over will continue to exploit them as and again became stuck in the they come across the border, but snow-drifts they became restless. generally speaking, China has not closed her doors and has given At 9: 30 P. M., we came to the what protection she has to offer. bluff overlooking the City of All this, with the knowledge that Lishowchen. In a few moments they have lost all, is pressing thouwe were pulling up alongside the sands of these simple yet worthy station and were lifting our half- people into a position of slavery. dead refugees to the ground. They It is a case seemingly unparalleled were met by the station master in modern times, and one with and his wife who had a warm room which no local committee such as waiting them and milk ready for the Harbin Committee can deal the children. The main job of alone. The suffering and sorrow transportation was finished and caused by the unspeakable condithe Rev. Mr. Kastler and I were tions in Soviet Russia should be ready as anyone to find a place to taken to·heart by Christian people rest. and Christian nations of the world.

Many have asked us the pertinent question: "What of the future of these refugees?" We cannot answer. There is much to

PICTURES AND FOREIGN

BY JAMES TOOKER FORD, Los Angeles, California ALOUD call has come from portrayal of vulgarity, indecency, French missionaries in Afri- and the technique of crime are so ca, pleading that "The Cath- prominent in the programs of the olic and Protestant churches found motion picture theaters as to cona film factory, where moral films, stitute a menace to national moralparticularly those with religious ity." Exported films are even less themes, will be made." The appeal clean than the home shown; and is made because the movies have the number of them is enormous. gone "where ever civilization has Mr. Carl E. Miliken, Secretary of gone and are portraying in the full the Motion Picture Producers and glare of the movie footlights, the Distributors, reported two or three white man's crimes and love scenes years ago that during that year to the detriment of the morals of "231,295,018 feet of films had been the African people." exported." These dramas are being The unspeakable "love scenes" shown in Tunis, Madras, Korea, which people in America have en- Sumatra, in the Sudan, and the dured with suppressed nausea, par- question comes to the Christian, ticularly the slobbering "kissing can the Church not do something and huggin' stuff," these mission- to offset this flood of immoral and aries say "make the black crowds, anti-religious conceptions and emo- especially the black Mohammedans, tions. Motion picture magnates howl with disgust." This call from estimate that 13,000,000,000 people the French missionaries would be pay to see the movies every year.

gladly seconded, no doubt, by the ShaH we continue to pass by, and Protestant missionaries all over even scorn the use of one of the the world, and not only by them most effective methods of present- but by Christian tourists who have ing constructive ideals which will been made to blush at the portrayal mould noble Christian characters?

of so called American life. One of Dr. S. Parkes Cadman writes: "If these world tourists, Mr. Albous the movies monopolize attention, it Huxley, exclaims, "The world into is because we who are responsible which the cinema introduces the for religion have allowed them to subject races is a world of silliness capture multitudes who belong pri- and criminality, where the inhabi- marily to God."

tants are stealing, murdering, Is it still true that "the children swindling, or attempting to com- of this world are wiser in their mit assault." On the other hand, generation than the children of "to give the devil his dues," the In- light"? The Department of Com- dian Cinematograph Committee merce of the United States reports "was satisfied that the majority of that American business obtains a films certified for exhibition in In- return of at least one doHar. in dia in no way tended to demoralize trade for every foot of film exhibthe public." But we believe that ited in foreign lands. "In fact," the overture presented to the last says Mr. MiIiken, "the film is equiv- General Assembly of the Presby- alent to the work of 100,000 salesterian Church is right that, "the men." This same helper is avail- 611

able to the church in its supreme emy of Christian art with the sole work of freely offering salvation to object of producing religious moall people. Will some Christian mil- tion pictures. Here is an open door lionaire accept this extraordinary which invites the Church to a new opportunity to multiply, perhaps method and to a new era of power 100,000 fold, the evangelical in foreign lands and at home. God preaching power of the mission- has given us a new method of visuary? The silent screen speaks a alizing to all people, at home and tongue which people of any lan- abroad, the supreme life, the savguage and dialect can understand ing teachings, and the redemptive whether in Sumatra or the Came- death of Jesus Christ. A studio alroun. Where ever civilization has ready eists in Los Angeles, called carried electricity, there the mo- The Academy of Sacred Art. A tion picture is possible. Every mis- Sacred Motion Picture Foundation sion station in the larger cities of is needed which, like Nebuchadnezthe non-Christian world might pre- zar's dream-tree, will reach to sent good religious educational mo- heaven, and the sight thereof to tion pictures. Where can s u c h the ends of the earth and which has evangelical pictures be obtained? food for all. What an opportunity! There's th.e rub. This might be of greater service than a Radio City. It may, if Here is a possible solution. A rightly conducted, multiply the great Radio City or station is to power of the foreign missionary be established in New York at a thousands of times, even, as in the cost of $250,000,000. Some mil- case of the commercial. salesman, lionaire or group of Christian phil- 100,000 times. anthropists might found an acad- WHEN WILL PROSPERITY RETURN?

A LETTER sent recently by Roger W. Babson to editors of re- ligious papers emphasized the interrelation of spiritual and economic conditions and predicted a revival of interest in religion on the ground that people in general are now both physically tired and spiritually discouraged and "have no spiritual wealth on which to draw." "They lack that faith which is essential to personal or national progress."

Mr. Babson attributes present conditions to the concentration of thought upon material success and all sorts of pleasures instead of upon the more serious aspects of life. He reminds us that "a great mass of wage workers, executives and young business people have never before witnessed a severe business depression" and, being unemployed or losing money in business, "have no faith upon which to fall back." He points out that this younger generation has been fooling itself and now, discovering how it has been misled, it also discovers that it has nothing in the way of life preservers to cling to in a time of shipwreck. "More religion," he says, "rather than more legislation, is the need of the hour. Before prosperity can return there must be a renewed interest in the spiritual life by both individuals and nations."-The Presbyterian Advance.

fI1IODS FOR WORKf4

Edited BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK A SERIES OF WORSHIP SERVICES By Katherine Willis, Foochow, China GOD THE CREATOR need of the child. Give us a child-like "Remember now thy Creator, in the faith to accept so great and tender a days of thy youth, while the evil days love. Grant in Thy goodness that we come not nor the years draw nigh may meet all of life's pain and disap- when thou shalt say, I have no pleas- pointments sure that Thy love is the ure in them." one great reality. Amen.

Piano Prelude. Choir Anthem: "The Heavens Re- Processional Hymn: "Lord of All sound,"-Creation Hymn.

Being Throned Afar." New Testament Reading: Acts 17: Invocation: 22-30.

Leader: "0 come let us worship and The Lord's Praye.r: (standing)- bow down: let us kneel before the Chanted. Lord our Maker, His name is excellent in all the earth! His glory He has set Recessional Hymn: "Angel Voices above the heavens." Ever Singing."

Response: "When I consider Thy Benediction: "Behold I stand at the heavens, 0 God, the work of Thy door and knock; if any man hear my fingers, the moon and stars which voice and open the door, I will come in Thou hast ordained, what is man that to him and sup with him and he with Thou art mindful of him, and the son me." Amen.

of man that Thou visitest him 1" GIVING AS WORSHIP Leader: "He that planted the ear, "Behold I build a house to the name shall He not hear? He that formed of the Lord, my God, to dedicate it to the eye shall He not see 1 He that teacheth man knowledge shall He not him and to burn before him sweet in- know? Yea, happy is he that hath the cense." (2 Chron. 2: 4 and 5).

God of Jacob for his help, whose hope "And the house which I will build is is in the Lord his God." great: for great is our God above all Hymn (seated): "The Spacious Gods." (verse 15).

Firmament on High." Piano Prelude.

Old Testament Reading: Psalm 104 Processional Hymn: "The Church's (omitting last verse). One Foundation."

Prayer: Mighty God, Creator of the Invocation: spheres, the contemplation of Thee, Leader: "I was glad when they said Thy power, Thy wisdom, Thy great unto me, let us go into the house of the glory, Qverwhelms us. We cannot com- Lord."

prehend Thee thus. We are left weak Response: "Our feet shall stand and afraid. But still more incredible within Thy gates, 0 Jerusalem."

is Thy love. Thou hast sought us out Hymn (seated): "I Love Thy King- and taught us to call Thee Father- dom Lord."

charmed word that breathes of inter- Old Testament Lesson: 1 Chron. 29: est and CQncern with every minute 2-17; 20.

613

Prayer: Dear Father, Thou who Leader: "Take no thought for your knowest the heart and takest pleasure life, what ye -shall eat or what ye shall in uprightness, may Thy love move us drink, nor yet for your body, what ye to offer our gifts from hearts at peace shall put on. Is not the life more than witj! Thee and our neighbor. When meat? and the body than rainment?" we remember that the whole earth and the fulness thereof is Thine it is in- Response: "Your Heavenly Father credible that Thou shouldst have need knoweth that ye have need of all these of us. Yet Thou dost wait for our of- things. But seek ye first the kingdom ferings; Thou dost give us a share in of God and His righteousness and all Thy undertakings, longing to bestow these things shall be added unto you." upon us the blessing of Heaven in such measure as there shall not be room to Leader: "For man doth not live by receive it. Lead us to open wide our bread alone but by every word that hands to our brother. May we de- proceedeth out of the mouth of God. light to build up Thine altars where Therefore make it thy meat and drink Thy Word is preached, where we meet to do His will for to him that over- together to pray, where we learn to cometh will God give to eat of the pray and faint not. Amen. hidden manna."

Choir Anthem: "From Every Let us pray. Stormy Wind That Blows." Dear God, our Father, our hearts hunger for Thee. We call upon Thy New Testament Lesson: Mark 12: holy name, in our great need of Thee, 41-44; 2 Cor. 9:7; Luke 6:38. believing that Thou art near to every one of us. Grant unto us gathered here Offering received for Church Sup- the refreshment of new vision of port. (Before the ushers retire choir Thee; call us again to forsake our shall sing, "All Things Come of Thee own wills and to turn in new trust and dependence unto Thee. Give us the o Lord.") desire and the strength to overcome that we may taste of the hidden man- The Lord's Prayer (chanted). na. May we hunger and thirst after RecessionalHymn: "Glorious Things righteousness, that we may be filled of Thee Are Spoken." and know the blessedness of the in- dwelling of Thy Holy Spirit. Amen. COMMUNION SERVICE Choir Anthem: "God So Loved the "I am the Bread"-Jesus, the Christ. World," (The Crucifixion-Stainer). Piano Prelude. Processional Hymn: "As Pants the New Testame.nt Readings: John 6: Hart for Cooling Streams." 28-35, 37 in part and 51. Invocation: Leader: "Wherefore do ye spend Hymn (seated): "Break Thou the your money for that which is not Bread of Life." bread? and your labor for that which satisfieth not? Hearken diligently unto The Sacrament of the Lord's Sup- Me: come unto Me; hear, and your per. soul shall live." Choir Response: "Come Unto Me The Lord's Prayer (chanted). When Shadows Darkly Gather." Recessional Hymn: "Come Ye Dis- Hymn (seated): "Guide Me 0 Thou consolate." Great Jehovah," (Tune-Zion). Benediction. Responsive Reading: Leader: "He shall feed His flock AROUND THE WORLD WITH like a shepherd." Response: "The young lions do lack CUPID and suffer hunger, but they that seek the Lord shall not want any good Those who are going to put on the thing." program "Around the World with Cupid," (April number) and cannot possibly find the costumes may secure them through Mrs. Johnson, who has recently returned to America.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY HELEN M. BRICKMAN, 105 EAST 22D STREET, NEW YORK Council of Women for Home Missions FLORENCE G. TYI,ER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK F ederation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America WHAT DOES A RELIGIOUS WORK they most desired and the difficulties DIRECTOR IN A GOVERNMENT which stood in the way of obtaining INDIAN SCHOOL DOl it. One girl said her desire was to regain her child-like faith which she By A. A. VAN SICKLE had lost. Another said she wanted to become a missionary. Both asked for Itov. A. A. Van Sickle Is Religious Work Di· personal interviews to discuss their rC<!tol' at Haskell Institute, Lawrence. Kansas. problems.

When one is really looking for an opportunity to serve and finds himself in the midst of a thousand Indian young people, wide awake, eager and ambitious, it is not hard for a Reli- gious Work Director to keep busy.

The difficulty comes in choosing the most important things instead of being too busy with trifles-and yet, what are trifles? When we see Jesus talking to the woman at the well about such common things as water and family life, and then see the result of that conversation leading a whole Samaritan village in search for truth, it makes 'One wonder what trifles are. In answering the question, What Does a Religious Work Director Do? I will give you a glimpse of a typical week at Haskell Institute, starting with the department which takes most of my time-the Week Day School of . Religious Education.

We have an average attendance of 1,035 students at Haskell, about 32:0 being Catholic and approximately 700 Protestant. Some 350 Protestant stu- dents are enrolled in the thirteen re- VICE·PRESIDENT OF T HE COUNCIL OF RELlGfOUS EDUCATION OF HASKELL ligious classes. These courses are DRESSED ~'OR A PAGEAN'l'

elective, meet twice a week at regular Munday is a full teaching day but school hours, and high school students receive one-half unit school credit for one must take time to remind the them. Through these classes, one Chapel speaker and the speaker for comes into close personal contact with the Young Men's Forum Club-a vo- the students and is able to help in cational club for all boys of the school directing their thoughts and molding -of their appointments. After classes their lives. boys flock to the office. The cabinet At the close of an examination I of the Furum Club meets to outline asked the students to state the thing its program for the coming week. The 615

directQr is encQuraged as he sees the purpQse .of the CQuncil shall be t.o these 'Officers assume m'Ore and m'Ore discuss the religiQus needs and prob- resP'Onsibility and assume it effi- lems 'Of the students; to 'Organize, de- ciently. velQP and carry intQ effect an adequate The next day has fewer classes and prQgram 'Of religi'Ous education and SQ 'One has time fQr mail, letters and Christian living; and tQ be ready at repQrts. An inquiry CQmes frQm a all times, under any circumstances, t'O lady 'Of the state asking fQr infQrma- prQmote the interests 'Of the Kingdom tion oQncerning Haskell and partic- 'Of G'Od at Haskell Institute and ularly abQut the religiQus prQgram, thrQugh'Out the world.

she having been chQsen tQ speak 'On In the evening the direct'Or aCCQmthis subject 'On the WQrld Day 'Of panies the MethQdist students tQ their Prayer. A missi'Onary in OklahQma banquet. There is an important basketwrites telling 'Of the tragic h'Ome CQn- ball game at Haskell this evening diti'Ons 'Of 'One 'Of the y'Oung girls at which the girls are anxious to attend. Haskell and as~s the director tQ talk One said, "This is the third year that with her. BefQre 'One realizes it, I have gQne tQ the MethQdist banquet. schQQl is 'Over and fifteen young bQYs The other times I was a guest of Mrs. and girls, representing the schQQl's D'Oe, and she was just SQ nice to me. religiQus activities, have arrived tQ Every time I see her 'On the streets 'Organize a Student CQuncil 'Of Reli- nQW, she speaks. I wQuldn't have gQne giQUS EducatiQn. At this meeting, 'Of- tQnight if it hadn't been fQr that. I wanted to see that basketball game, ficers are elected and a committee is but I th'Ought how nice she had been apPQinted tQ draft by-laws. In the tQ me, and I wanted to tell her how evening the B'Oy SC'Outs meet.

Wednesday, there is an urgent call much I appreciated it." We return fr'Om the chairman 'Of the w'Omen's from the banquet in time for the last meeting f'Or the W'Orld Day 'Of Prayer. half of the game.

She wishes an Indian girl. It is nQt Thursday'S spare time is used t'O hard tQ select a girl, but 'One must lQ'Ok over student papers and prepare find her, get her excused frQm classes examinati'On questions. During the and prQvide means fQr her tQ gQ tQ period in the afternoon a teacher from the church. the Lawrence High SchQol comes tQ The Methodi,st girls hav;e, been in- talk over a prQgram which SQme 'Of vited tQ a banquet at th~ church. 'Our y'Oung people are tQ give at the The schQQl furnishes trartspQrtatiQn, church 'On Sunday evening. There are but the direct'Or must 'Order the truck classes to be visited, teachers tQ see, and pr'Ovide escQrts. In the midst 'Of and a conference with the superin- a' these. preparatiQns there is a kn'Ock tendent of the schQ'01. At 4: 30 the and bpy enters, hesitating and em- Student CQuncil meets tQ discuss the barrasse'd. Without taking time tQ Day 'Of Prayer prQgram. A cQmmittee sit dQwn, he says, "Can yQU tell me tQ arrange plans fQr prayer grQUps hQW I can get saved?" The directQr each day during the week is ap- is perhaps as much surprised as he pointed.

was embarrassed, but is t'Ouched tQ Friday, besides helping the prayer the heart by the sincerity 'Of the ques- gr'Oups c'Ommittee, there are hQspital tiQner and talks with him earnestly visits t'O be made and a conference abQut Jesus' Way of Life. Later the with the Presbyterian minister in boy's past'Or is called and asked tQ t'Own. At 7: 30 the students have talk with him. As a result the bQY is their den'OminatiQnal group meetings baptized and joins the church. with pastQrs and workers from the After schQQl, the CQmmittee 'On By- Lawrence churches. During Lent these Laws frQm the Student CQuncil meets. services are held each Friday night.

After much debate, it is decided that Saturday-this should be at least

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

partly a day of rest, but a group of a good talk by a local pastor and six boys has been detailed to clean beautiful music with choir and or- the Young Men's Forum Club room chestra.

under my supervision. So I am at In the evening I come back to Has- Haskell at 8: 00. For three hours we kell for the Young Men's Forum Meet- clean, dust and polish, and have a ing. About 75 boys are present. The good time in general. I have had time young president presides and the sec- to write a couple of letters and get retary takes his responsibilities very things ready for Sunday-school. One seriously. The boys sing lustily. After Sunday-school teacher has called say- two or three numbers by the string ing she cannot meet her class on Sun- trio, the speaker who is the head of day, so I have to find a substitute. the printing department, is intro- At 1: 30 there is a Teachers' and duced. After the speaker has pre- Employees' meeting called by the su- sented the opportunities of and train- perintendent. This is a fine oppor- ing needed for his profession, there is tunity to announce plans for the Week a general discussi'On and question of Prayer and extend t'O the teachers hour.

an invitation from the Student Coun- At 9: 00 p. m. I am home again cil to join in these ,services. Coming making some plans for Monday morn- from this meeting, I meet an Indian ing classes in order that I may be boy enrolled at Kansas University. able to start the work for another He tells me that money for his tuition week.

has not arrived and this sum must be paid in a few days. I spend the WOMEN THE WORLD OVER remainder of the afternoon with him From FR.'NeES GARSIDE, Publicity Depart- in an attempt to secure the necessary ment, National Board, Y. W. C. A.

funds. There have been various commis- Saturday evening Mrs. Van Sickle sions operating in India investigating and I attend a party given by one of social and industrial conditions, and the teachers. the following quotation from the Siam Sunday morning I arrive at Haskell report on the women of India is at 8: 30 as Sunday-school classes be- typical of the universal trend of gin at 9: 00 o'clock. I take a class of opinIOn. "It is a striking proof of fifteen students who are studying the change which has come over the Daily Vacation Church School work. Indian scene in the past twelve years A number of these students are plan- that no document discussing India's ning to work in Daily Vacation constitutional system, and the direc- Schools next summer among their tions in which it can be devel'Oped and 'Own people. improved, could omit the women .of This morning one of the girls who India today.

is studying work with Beginners has "All the legislative bodies except charge of the class. The rest of us are the Council of State have extended all little folks. We have a beautiful the franchise to women on the same worship service, singing, greeting and terms as men ….. In seven provinces prayer songs. The story is very in- out of nine, women may now be mem- teresting because our teacher illus- bers of the legislatures and W(]men trates it with pictures and other ob- from these provinces can become jects. members of the Legislative Assembly.

At 10: 30 the trucks are ready to ….. Side by side with these develop- take the girls to church downtown. I ments there has begun a strong move- pick up three boys and take them to ment to urge social reforms which church with me. After lunch I can would promote the progress of Indian sit down and really relax for an hour. womanhood …… The women's move- At 2: 45 I start for Haskell to attend ment in India holds the key .of prog- the all·school chapel service~ There is rel')s,"

A commission also put Ceylon under ingly evident to the Japanese woman a magnifying glass, making the recom- that her condition is bettered through mendation which passed the Legisla- Christian influences, influences that tive Council that general suffrage work through industrial and social should be granted to women over reforms. A man in Japan may no twenty-one. This, in a country where l()llger take a Geisha girl into his home a few years ago one rarely saw a and escape censure. The disapproval woman on the streets, is a proof of the of public opinion has brought about remarkable progress that country is this change, and women universally making. In the last five year,s, quot- credit the disapproval to the growth ing a secretary for the Y. W. C. A., of Christianity.

the number of girls working in busi- During 1929, girls of 39 nationali- ness offices has more than doubled. ties made use of the Y. W. C. A.

It is significant of what is happening Employment Bureau in Buenos Aires.

to racial barriers that the Association During the last few years Argentine is proving the profitable meeting place women and girls have been making of many races and denominations, a place for themselves in the business with nationality and creed forgotten. and professional world so that today In spite of criticism that has grown there are successful and much reat times into mutiny and rebellion, the spected women physicians, dentists, achievements of the Chinese Govern- pharmacists, teachers, writers, office ment during .the last two years have executives, etc. The Y. W. C. A. emhad their steadying influence. The ployment bureau in Rio de Janeiro is extent to which China has been opened the only one of its kind in all Brazil. up during the last few years is mar- Here, too, the Y. W. C. A. has found velous. Many roads have been built, something of universal friendliness and when one realizes that every good that has become an international bond road means the bringing of literacy for many women and girls who are a little nearer to the women of China, learning to work and play together, the advantage is more than material. irrespective of nationality, or race or Eighty~five per cent of China's 400, creed. The Y. W. C. A. in Chile 000,000 are living in country districts. proved its need when there came a The Young Women's Christian Asso- great financial crash to that country ciation began sending out women with and women who had never earned a primers in their hands when the jour- penny were forced into gainful emney was both hazardous and painful, ployment. In Uruguay, in Mexico, requiring many days in the most in the Philippine Islands, in one counprimitive of conveyance. Today when try after another women are coming the Y. W. C. A. goes beyond the city forward in business, social and legisgates it is over roads so good that it lative life, with the result that conis possible in the same period of time ditions for all women, and hence for to reach ten times the number of the country itself, are looking up. It women. is doubtful if there is a place on the map today where women are not ex- The census returns show that 8,- erting an influence undreamed of a 167,000 women in Japan are employed decade ago. as bread winners as against 7,803,000 men, the explanation of the prepon- ISABELLA THOBURN OOLLEGE derance of women workers being that their wages are smaller than those of By MARJORIE DIMMITT the men. They do the work equally Member of the Faculty well, and are preferred because they Isabella Thoburn College is alive- work for less. The statement is made vigorously, progressively alive. Its that one woman out of two in Japan student body of a hundred and fifty is gainfully employed., It is increas- has increased two hundred per cent in

ten years. Our dormitories are full. the very day when she wanted to pre- The addition of library and science side at a university meeting that Mr. wings to Nichols Hall is imperative if Gandhi was to address. The babe we are to accommodate those who are was within a week enrolled in our asking admittance. Until we can build class of 1948. the third arm of the building, an audience hall, even a fly added to our num- The achievements of these daughbers will have to sit on the ceiling to ters of India make us proud. One be accommodated at chapel. The of them after two years of college left faculty of twenty-four is efficient, and to take over a school for Moslem girls adequate for a larger student body. with some forty pupils. Going from In tune with the spirit of the times house to house in her conservative city it is almost half Indian. she eloquently urged mothers to trust their daughters to the tightly cur- Many is the graduate who refers to tained carts she would send to take the College as "heaven on earth." It them to school. Within six months means freedom and opportunity in a she had raised the enrolment to two way that American girls can scarcely hundred and twenty-five. She had only understand. Freedom here is new, an old soap factory for a school buildand girls come to college not because ing, so she and the children themit is the style to be educated, but be- selves whitewashed it into purity, a cause they have compelling ambitions. real feat of character for a highelass Clutnd Bagh overflows with the activ- Indian girl. One of last year's graduities that every college has-dramat- ates is deep in a battle now with the ics, clubs, sports, ceremonials, besides amazing ignorance and seclusion of studies. The dominant spirit is Chris- Moslem women in Calcutta. As the tian, and the one-third of the student only trained teacher in a large school body that is Hindu and Moslem comes she has to .undergo heroic efforts for under the spell of our Master Spirit, each reform she achieves. Hindu, never to be released from that mas- Moslem, or Christian-each girl who tery. A typical reaction came last year leaves our gates goes out to struggles when a Moslem graduate back on a that require the heroism of a pioneer visit expressed dissatisfaction at the to meet. They must do the bulk of the atmosphere of the Moslem school in work, but to share, even remotely in which she was teaching. "Ah, Jamela. lifting India's womanhood by helping the trouble is you have lived in a to enlarge the scope of Isabella Tho- Christian atmosphere so long that burn College is to put oneself on the nothing less will satisfy you now," high road to romance. Miss Shannon said. "Yes, that's it," she agreed. "People there are not lov- THE CROWD HAS NO MIND ing and unselfish." Contrihuted by President Hoover to the YaZe After graduation our students scat- New8. ter throughout this needy land, sharing the light they "receive to give." Leadership is a quality of the individ- They are strong, developed characters, ual. It is the individual alone who can contrasting amazingly with Indian function in the world of intellect and in women who have not had their oppor- the field of leadership. tunities. Most of those who are not married are teachers or doctors, and If democracy is to secure its authorieven marriage frequently does not in- ties in morals, religion, and statesmanterfere with careers in this land of ship, it must stimulate leadership from cheap servants. Last year one gradu- its own mass. ate, studying at the men's university for her master's degree requested ten Human leadership cannot be repl~n­ days' leave-to have a baby! And she ished by selection like queen bees, by was much upset because it arrived on divine right, or bureaucracies, but by the free rise of ability, character and intelligence. Even so, leadership cannot, no matter how militant, carry progress far ahead of the average mass of indi- vidual units.

Progress of the nation is the sum of progress in its individuals. Acts and

ideas that lead to progress are bam out .of the SermQn .on the MQunt. In all of the womb of the individual mind, not sacred and prQfane histQry, there out of the mind of the crowd. never lived but .one Man whQ CQuid qualify as a hundred per cent Ameri- The crowd only feels; it has no mind can, and men whQ deny .or abridge the of its own which can plan. rights .of .others fQr religion or race shQuld remember that Man was a Jew! The crowd is credulous. It destroys, it consumes, it hates, and it dreams, but LYNCHINGS IN THE UNITED it never builds. STATES SINCE 1885 It is one of the most profound and im- Compiled for the 1931 W,wld Almanac, by portant of exact psychological truths Honroe N. Work, head of the Research and that man in the mass does not think but Record Department of the Tuskegee Normal only feels. The mob functions only in a and IndustrIal Institute and editor of the wo'rld of emotion. Negro Year Book.

The demagogue feeds on mob emotions, Year I White I Negro I Total and his leadership is the leadership of 1885 ……. 106 emotion, not the leadership of intellect 1886 …. .. …… . 78 184 and progress. 1887 67 71 138 , 42 80 122 Popular desires are no criteria to the real need; they can be determined only 1888 · …… 47 95 142 by deliberative consideration, by educa- 1889 • • • • • 0. 81 95 176 tion, by constructive leadership.-The 1890 ……. 90 127 World Almanac, 1931. 1891 ………………… 37 121 192 1892 71 155 255 ONE HUNDRED PER CENT 1893 ·. . .. . . 100 154 200 1894 . .. . . 46 134 190 AMERICANS 1895 56 112 171 , 59 80 131 By the editor of the Rockvllle, Indiana 122 166 Tribune.; quoted in Twice Thirty, autobiog· . 102 127 raphy by the late" Edward W. Bok. 1896 51 84 107 44 107 115 There Is no such thing as a "hun- · …… • •• 0 .,. 25 dred per cent American." MQst .of 23 us are dQing right well if we can 1897 qualify as .one-half per cent Americans. What is a hundred per cent · 1898 …… American? Let us name a few things · 1899 …… that none will deny as being among 1900 • •••• o' 8 the attributes that define a hundred ·· .. ···1 1901 28 107 135 per cent American. He must first .of 10 86 96 all, before considering his own rights, 1902 •.••. o. 18 86 104 have a higher regard fQr the rights 1903 83 .of .others ; he must .obey the laws- 1904 4 87 nQt the laws he chQQses himself tQ 1905 5 61 66 .obey and demands enfQrcement on 1906 ……. 8 64 72 .others, but all the laws. He mu-st 1907 ………….. 3 60 63 never swear falsely tQ a tax return; 1908 7 93 100 he must never run his automQbile .on 1909 ……. 14 73 87 the public highway faster than the 1910 · .. . . 9 65 74 speed laws declare; he must .observe 1911 . .. . . ." . 8 63 71 whatever laws are made tQ pre-serve 1912 , …… 4 60 64 the sacredness .of the Sabbath; his 1913 ……. 1 51 52 daily life, and particularly his nightly 49 52 life, must be such a-s tQ cause his fel- 1914 • • • • • 0- 3 lQW citizens to respect him as a man 1915 ·. …… 13 54 6'7 .of high mQrality. And abQve all, when 1916 …… 4 50 54 it CQmes tQ casting stQnes, he must ………….' 36 38 1917 ……. 2 60 64 himself be with.out sin. 1918 ……. 4 76 83 To be "one hundred per cent Ameri- 1919 ……. 7 53 61 1920 ……. 8 59 64 can" a man must be .one hundred per 1921 5 51 57 cent Christian. He must always and 1922 6 29 33 everywhere .observe the Golden Rule. 1923 4 He must put in practice the precepts 1924 0 16 16 1925 . . . . . . .·1 0 17 17 23 30 1926 7 16 16 0 1927 1 10 1928 3 7 11 1929 …….·1 10 24 25 1930 1 …. ··1 Total 1,050 3,252 4,312

A law of 1909 made education com-

Churches Welcome Indian Viceroy pulsory and most of it is free. The government expenditure for this pur- T ORD IRWIN, on his arrival in Lon- pose has been ten million pesos a year 1…..1 don, was greeted by representa- but the law has never been adequately enforced and there have been only tives of the churches, headed by the 30,000 small public schools for six mil- Archbishop of Canterbury. Lord Ir- lion children of school age. Over 45% win's work in India, as the Christian of the population can neither read nor World puts it, has been "a distinct write. (In the Netherlands the perasset to the Christian cause," for "he centage is less than one per cent.) has nobly witnessed for Christ in high places, regardless alike of men'·s praise President Alcala Zamora has anor of their blame." A Manchester nounced that the Government will help GuaTdian correspondent reports a sig- the small farmers with loans at 5 per nificant remark made to him by a well- cent interest on crops already sown. known Indian politician, himself a Brahmin, who said that, after one of New Jewish Movement the Viceroy's interviews with Gandhi Lord Irwin remarked, "I assure you T HE "Elia Movement" among Jews that all your deliberations will have in Germany is an inner synagogal my best wishes and my prayers." Christward move, under the leadership "We haven't had," commented the of some men of undoubted ability. Brahmin, "an Englishman in any po- Unfortunately these men speak disresition in authority in India who would spectfully of other efforts to evanhave dared say that, no, not for fifty gelize the Jewish people, and thus years." Lord Irwin showed himself to Hebrew Christians and all those inbe a man of strong religious convic- terested in winning the Jew to Christ tions, and that is a characteristic that can only watch this movement with counts for much with the leaders of prayerful interest, trusting to see in Indian public opinion. A deep impres- it a real turning of Jewish hearts to sion was made by the fact that, in re- Christ. The movement is parallel with mote corners of India, the viceregal Zionism.

train would be stopped on Sunday P. T. L. Among the Portuguese T mornings S'O that Lord Irwin might HE Pocket Testament League has recently been started in Portugal attend some wayside church.-The Churchman. and Bible reading is promoted among Drive Against Illiteracy in Spain the Portuguese-speaking people. In- terest in the Bible grew when enquir- T HE new Republican government ers began to compare the Bibles which has taken the first step to free had been distributed among them with Spain from illiteracy. On May 28 that which bore the imprimatur of plans were announced for expending Rome. It was a critical moment as 2,300,000 pesetas (about $230,000), to passage after passage wa·s compared construct secondary schools in various and found to be practically identical.

towns. Several at once decided to follow the A law of 1857 ordained primary Lord Jesus, and in other hearts the education and every town of 500 or light dawned more slowly, but from more was to have regular instruction. that time there was steady progress.

621

There is now a fine evangelical con- Ru.sian Futurist Town gregation of Portuguese-speaking folk ON THE East side of the Ural, in numbering over 140. Hitherto their the neighborhood of the enormous spiritual needs have been seriously ore deposits of the so-called Magnet neglected, in spite of their compara- Mountain, a communistic town will tive readiness to receive the Gospel. ari·se in the middle of the Steppes.

The town will be given the name of Protestants in Rumania Magnitogorst and will have a popula- T HE Reformed Church in Rumania tion of 200,000. The town must be has two districts comprising 816 finished in 1937. The Frankfort archicongregations, with 880 ministers in tect, Mr. E. May, has drawn up the charge of 780,000 souls. The relation plans. It will be built on a spacious between this Church and the State has scale, with many parks. The Russian improved of late years, although there Peoples Commissioner writes as fol- are still some regrettable stipulations lows: "The dwellings for all inhab- made, unfavorably affecting minority itants will be the same. Till their Churches (e.g., in religious educa- 16th year, all children will be edu- tion) ; and the Church is at peace with cated in a town-institution where the other Churches, although concerned parents will be allowed to visit them over the great Romanist propaganda but not too frequently. The fathers (e.g., encouraging of mixed marriages and the mothers name may not be in which both parties are readily used. C<lmmunism aims at the de- bound to Rome). Rationalism and a struction of the family and the crea- variety of faddist creeds also cause tion of the collectivist man and wom- anxiety. But the inner life of the an. Cooking will take place in a central Church is healthy and hope-promoting. kitchen and the meals eaten in com- A useful new liturgy has been pre- mon." Towns of this nature, but on pared giving guidance according to a smaller scale are in Stalingrad and Reformed principles, and an adequate Soffrino, near Moscow.

curriculum of religious education has been devised, based on the Heidelberg AFRICA Catechism, which has also been reis- Political Situation in Egypt sued for daily use along with Bible T AST summer Nahas Pasha, the .I…J head of the Nationalist Party, preand hymnary.

Conferences, schools, lectures, and sented to the King his resignation ow- literary activities are helpfully pro- ing to friction between him and His moted in spite of discouraging restric- Majesty. To his amazement, the King tions, and teachers are being carefully accepted his resignation and was able trained in the best modern methods. to find a vigorous personality to as- Missionary interest grows steadily. A sume the leadership in the Cabinet in hopeful new feature is the wonderful- a de facto government. The National- ly promising work of the 300 Women's ist Party sought to express the dis- Associations with their 12,000 mem- satisfaction of the people by a series bers all immersing themselves increas- of demonstrations but in every case ingly in philanthropic, ameliorative, the demonstration was prevented by and preventive work. The 432 Sun- police and army. A new Constitution day-schools are making encouraging was announced. It would be easy to progress. Here, and in Y. M. C. A. be cynical with reference to the de- work, the greatest stress is laid on velopment of the new Governments in Bible study. A stewardship move- the Near East and the Orient. A dis- ment-towards systematic liberality- cerning student of human progress has had an auspicious beginning.- will look below the wave·s to the ocean Pr(}f. Imre, in the "Quarterly Regis- tides and if so, he will see in the po- ter" (}f the Alliance (}f Reformed litical development of lands like Egypt Churches. a steady progress in their apprehen-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

sion of what democracy means, what chief native commissioner for South- parliamentary government represents, ern Rhodesia to the British Govern- and a steady mastery, if a slow one, ment: of the lesson of self-control, intelli- "To mission credit stands the al- gent judgment, and practical-minded- most accomplished cessation of twin ness. murders, and it is only a question of time when the same mission influence Egyptian Girl Receives American will bring to an end what the law can- Degree not destroy, the pledging of infant E VEN the casual visitor knows the girls in marriage." life of seclusion that is led by the women of Egypt. In contrast to all New Church for Johannesburg A this, at this year's Commencement ex-T JOHANNESBURG, So. Africa, the corner stone for a new Methercises the American University at Cairo graduated the first Egyptian odist Episcopal church for natives was girl t{) secure an American B.A. de- officially laid. More than 100 Eurogree in Egypt. The audience of dis- peans and several hundred natives tinguished Egyptians was most enthu- were present. The new church will siastic when Mi·ss Eva Habib, the cost about $6,000 and the native Chris- daughter of the Secretary of the tians-most of whom earn only $250 Egyptian Senate, won this honor. This a year-have pledged to pay one-half young lady has not only won this cov- the amount required. There are 80,000 eted degree, but has made an enviable Portuguese East African natives on record in her studies and other college the Rand.

activities. During her senior year, she was editor-in-chief of the college Railroad. in Southwest Africa paper. 'l' HE great railroad which is to run .1 from the Bay of Whales in South- Progress in Yoruba west Africa to the copper and coal T WENTY years ago the OW{) dis- mines of Rhodesia is offering many trict of the C. M. S., Yoruba Mis- opportunities to the Rhenish Society sion, possessed three paid African working in this part of Africa. One workers, two of whom were supported of theil' missionaries is carrying on a by funds from England. Today the most promising work among the labor- workers number 157, and this in spite ers that are gathering here from all of the fact that three areas which for- over Africa.

merly belonged to Owo district are now worked separately and have their WESTERN ASIA own staff. Only two of the 157 are Alien Schools in Turkey A supported from England; all the restN ATTACK on foreign educational institutions in Turkey was made are paid from local funds. For the whole Owo district, however, there are at a meeting of the Association for only two African clergy; and Canon Fostering Turkish Culture in Smyrna.

Jebb is at the moment the only active Mouheddin Bey, president of the As- worker in priest.s' orders, for one of sociation, said that Turkish children the pastors is a deacon and the other in foreign schools had to guard has been in the hospital for several against two danger.s, religious propa- months past. ganda and ideas contrary to the spirit of nationalism. The history of the InAuence of Mission. American college, he said, proved GOVERNMENTS in Africa appre- clearly that it was a missionary insti- ciate the quiet but important tution. Past experience had shown service that is rendered by mission- that Turkish students who entered as aries. This may be gleaned from a good Mohammedans had graduated paragraph from the report of the wearing crosses on their breasts.

Therefore, he argued, it was time they Church, at Etchmiadzin, is not in Ar- should safeguard themselves against menia, but in Russia, and is theref.ore such institutions. Mouheddin Bey's confiscated, and is used, under Soviet speech was loudly applauded, but as rule, as a barracks for a detachment soon as the applause ended the head of the Red Army. Its famous library of the college adjourned the meeting has been plundered, its schools closed.

despite protests of the students-New Indeed, the only schools for the York Times. training of clergy now allowed to function at all are, first, that of the Jews Welcomed in Hebron patriarchate at Jerusalem (where a HEBRON, scene of the Jewish mas- priest of the American Church, Canon sacre of 1929, staged a very dif- Bridgeman, is a member of the staff), ferent performance recently. The New and also that of the Catholicate of Sis York Times reports that twenty Arab in Cilicia. Catholicate, for a long tIme notables on the eve of the Jewish a merely honorary and nominal post, Feast of Pentecost came out to greet has now become one of the key-points the Scrolls of the Law, which were of the Armenian Church, and its school ceremoniously reinstalled in a tem- near Beirut does its work in a building porary synagogue, kissed the ,scrolls, erected for the purposes of the Near begged the forgiveness of the lrl>d of East Relief. It was handed over to the Torah for Arabs having harmed Jews Armenian Church for educational pur- and swore to safeguard Jewish resi- poses when the first need was no long- dents in the future. "We have not suf- er urgent-and it is supported by the fered half the trials and tribulations Armenians of Beirut, Paris, and New we deserve for murdering your breth- York.-W. A. Wigram.

ren," said one of the Arabs to Haim Bajayo, a shephardic rabbi, who con- A Widow from Yezd A ducted the ,scrolls back to Hebron. The POOR widow of fifty years of age, had begged and borrowed from same Arab guarded Jewish worshippers on their festival visit to the friends and neighbors a sufficient sum Patriarch's cave at Machpelah, pro- to enable her to pay for her transpor- tecting them against possible molesta- tation to the sacred city of Meshed.

tion. Thirty Jewish families now re- She was quietly happy in her humble side in Hebron; more are expected to way, as ·she commenced the long jour- return later. ney to the tomb of the saint.

It was Khadijeh's first journey, how- T.he Armenian Church ever, and her seat on the high, sway- T HE position of the Armenian ing camel was none too secure. She Church continues to give anxiety dozed and jerked awake, fearing lest to its friends. The Church in its own she slip off her precarious seat.

lands remains in a pitiful condition. Suddenly Khadijeh found herself on Its existence is allowed in the tiny the ground. The caravan stopped.

Armenian republic of Transcaucasia, Fellow-pilgrims slid off their beasts but in Turkey all its monasteries and and, with the camel-men, gathered all of its forty-four episcopal seats around the groaning woman. Poor have been destroyed, all its church Khadijeh attempted to rise but fell property confiscated, even the ceme- back with a moan. A camel-man doc- teries where the dead repose desecrat- tor diagnosed her condition as a bro- ed, and thousands of its priests are . ken leg, bound it to a board and pre- dead, in and since the War. pared a place for her in a palanquin There are still some 30,000 Armeni- swung on the top of a camel. With ans in Turkey, but these have only old much groaning Khadijeh continued priests to minister to them, and per- her journey.

mission to ordain new ones is refused. When Meshed was reached, the Meantime, the old headquarters of the travelers carried Khadijeh to the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Shrine, for they all felt that the power Mr. Gandhi and the Gospel of Imam Reza could heal her broken bone. But the pain increased and after ASTATEMENT by Mr. Gandhi on three days of neglect Khadijeh began the work of foreign missionaries to have doubts of Imam Reza's power in the future self-governing India has to heal. She thought of the American been the occasion of a great contro- Hospital only a mile away and she versy. Dr. Stanley Jones has adpersuaded two of the pilgrims to car- dressed a long open letter to Mr. ry her there, where she was accepted Gandhi on the subject. Comments as an in-patient. An X-ray showed have been appearing in Protestant and that her leg was broken near the hip. Roman Catholic journals. Mr. Gandhi She was bathed, put into clean hos- deals with this controversy in Young pital clothes and a freshly made bed. India, and says that his statement What comfort! the first she had had should have been as follows: "If infor six weeks since that fall off the stead of con3.ning themselves purely camel one night out of Yezd. She to humanitarian work such as educalooked at the wall of the ward and saw tion, medical services to the poor and there a large picture of the Good the like, the missionaries would use Shepherd. Daily she heard the mes- these activities of theirs for the pursage of His life, His death and His pose of proselytizing, I would certainly resurrection, and slowly she realized like them to withdraw. Every nation that He was ker Saviour and that her considers its own faith to be as good pilgrimage of forty nights had not as that of any other. Certainly the been in vain. great faiths held by the people of India are adequate for her people. INDIA, BURMA, SIAM India stands in no need of conversion from one faith to another." He says: Hindu-Moslem Division "I hold that proselytizing under the cloak of humanitarian work is, to say T HE Gandhi-Irwin pact has been the least, unhealthy. It is resented by ratified by the Indian National the people here…. Why should I Congress, and Mr. Gandhi has been change my religion because a doctor appointed the .sole delegate to any con- who professes Christianity as his reliference at which the congress delega- gion has cured me of some disease or tion is desired by the government. why should the doctor expect or sug- There are some who believe that Hin- gest such a change whilst I am under du-Moslem riots are due to the activi- his influence? Or why should I whilst ties of a third party. Such activities, if I am in a missionary educational inany, bear fruit only because in both stitution .have Christian teaching communities there are a large number thrust upon me?"-The Christian Cenof persons who nurse old religious animosities and who Jive in fear of the tury. other community which may happen to be in power when self-government Mr. Gandhi and Missionaries comes. The All-India Moslem conference has declared itself solidly in favor SOME years ago Mr. Gandhi is reof ·separate electorates for Moslems, ported to have said that from the and has thus made the work of Mr. Sermon on the Mount he received the Gandhi extremely difficult. These reso- inspiration to start his campaign of lutions, together with the Cawnpore nonviolent noncooperation. Dr. Stanriot, are advanced as a justification ley Jones in "The Christ of Every for the British to remain in India and Road" writes: "I sat on the floor in keep peace between the two communi- the Ashram of Gandhi and listened ties.-The Christian Century. to an address given to a small group of the International Fellowship..• All 5 the time he was speaking I could not keep my eyes from a little picture just above his head. It was a picture of'

Christ upon the cross. As Gandhi almost no newspapers are read in the finished his address he turned towards country; that ways of disseminating us and said, 'Will you sing "When I ideas are extremely limited, and that Survey the Wondrous Cross.'" There thousands of people assemble on "mar- we sat-Hindu, Moslem, Christian- ket days." On such days, a wheel- and these who knew it sang it, some barrow gets a hearing.

of us with deeper meaning than ever Here are some of the exhibits: before." Model of a good road, and beside it a Now Mr. Gandhi said to the Mis- bad road. On the good road will be sionary Conference at Nagpur a few shown a man, prosperous, and wheel- years ago: "Today the missionaries ing his barrow in comparative ease.

tell people there is no salvation for Good roads will eliminate one large them except through the Bible and factor in famines. Other exhibits will through Christianity…. Do not be al- be of model wells which the villagers ways trying to preach your doctrines. may dig so as to have water available 'Christ never preached himself or any for irrigation during drought. Now ,dogma or doctrine." Bishop Badley in they depend on ponds. Another ex- his episcopal address at the last Cen- hibit will demonstrate reforestation.

tral Conference said: "The superficial- There will be health exhibits urging ity of this statement on Christ's teach- vaccination and other preventive meas- ing may be overlooked, but what shall ures. Agricultural exhibits will teach we do in the ·face of such an exhorta- the farmers how to treat their seed tion? … God's gift of eternal life wheat for preventi~n of disease, and through Jesus Christ is free to all other pests. Improved seed wheat will men, and nowhere can it be shown be shown and even sold. An evangel- that we have taken from any man his ist, a medical worker and agricultural liberty to accept or reject the Gospel specialist will accompany the wheel- message. We must, therefore maintain barrow.

our right, in the truest interest of I s India herself, to preach, baptize and Baptisms in Burma. teach, and so build the Church of THERE any other place in Burma Christ." Mr. Gandhi's utterance that where Christmas is celebrated by missionaries should withdraw when an early morning service such as that Swaraj comes, because he disfavors among the Kachins in Namhkam?

conversion, must make every Chris- About 4: 30 a. m., while the surround- tian, missionary or nonmissionary, ing world is steeped in sleep, lanterns think how he should act if Mr. Gand- in colorful display are lit all around hi's threat materializes. If Christian our compound and the large gong peels Indians feel a call to go and preach out its slow, dull, vibrating sound.

Christ outside India, may God enable We gather for a service of song, them to do so.-T. K. R. prayer and preaching which usually lasts until first signs of dawn.

Practical Gift from India. Christmas time seemingly helps the W HEN China's hunger suffering Kachins to turn their minds God- was reported to United Christian ward. We have had not less than ten Mission churches in India they not great Christmas gatherings where the only prayed-they sent real money. people came to meet and rejoice for a Realizing that the best relief is to period of two days. During the two help prevent a return of famine, the weeks following Christmas the Nam- ones to whom this money was entrust- hkam pastor and I baptized not less ed decided to fit up a ''Wheelbarrow than 152 Christians.

Exhibition." To understand its possi- In Maymyo there is a steady quiet bilities, one must know that nothing revival among the Kachin soldiers.

larger than a wheelbarrow can tra- Practically every month there is a verse the typical Chinese road; that large number of baptisms. The en-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

couraging feature of this movement is Why Students are Irreligious that it is carried on among the soldiers LAST autumn the principal of the themselves. Practically all the higher Middle School, the largest govern- Kachin officers, even the Subedar Ma- ment school in Yanchow, Kiangsu, jor, are earnest Christians.-Gustaf asked me to teach senior English to A. Sword, in "The News." his students. This has given me a good opportunity to observe the way Mother of BnrDla MethodisDl things are run in a government school, T HE foundation of the new edifice and also the minds of the students. of First Methodist Church, Ran- They seem to be growing increasingly friendly. In their desire to appear goon, Burma, was laid last March, its mlightened they accept the dictum of third building since the commence- the new intelligentsia that religion is a superstitious survival from the days ment of Methodist work in that city of prehistoric man's undeveloped menin 1879. Starting with street preach- tality. Never having seen anything ing in Tamil and Telugu there grew but false religion and ignorant of what up congregations which were the small Christianity represents, they have beginnings of the Tamil, Telugu, Hin- lumped all religion in the same catedustani, Burmese and Chinese work. gory. They are young, things have "Today," says the Rev. D. C. Bald- been coming their own way, and they win, Pastor, "the First Methodist may not have felt any particular need Church shar.es the challenge of the for religion. But as their experience new Burma. The promise of separa- deepens, they feel the need and therein tion indicates a new day for this land lies our opportunity.-Rev. E. H. Forof pagodas. In this brighter future ster, in The Spirit of Missions. our people would share the burdens of citizenship side by side with the peo- ples of other races and faiths. We Laboratory of Christianity believe that Christian character makes substantial citizens; we face the new CHRISTIAN work in the island of day with confidence, assured that we Hainan was opened forty – nine will find our best safeguard by play- years ago. An adventurous Scandi-. ing our part in serving Burma with navian sea captain turned missionary, the highest ideals of our Master." explored the little known island and reported to the Presbyterian Canton CHINA MLssion, which accepted responsibility More Bandits and Missionaries for developing work there. Steadily and successfully preaching, teaching ON JULY 4TH the notorious Com- and healing, have made progress. munist leader in Western Hupeh Curiously enough, several stages of Province, "General" Ho Lun, released its evolution have been skipped; from the Rev. Oscar Anderson after nearly bean oil wicks she jumped to 50 watt three months of captivity on payment bulbs, from solid wheeled vehicles to of a large ransom in medical supplies 1931 models. Small, modern cities furnished by the Swedish mission. Ho now flourish and an up-to-date hos- Lun is reported as storming towns be- pital has just been opened in Hoihow.

tween the Han and the Yangtzse Its isolation led Russian agitators Rivers (west and northwest Hankow). five years ago to select it as "A Lab- He still holds captive Bishop Ricci and oratory ,of Communism," and Com- four Catholic priests from the Laoho- munists, both Russian and Chinese, kow mission for the release of whom have sought by indoctrination, intimi- he is demanding a $75,000 ransom. dation, misrepresentation, and worse The foreign missionarie·s in North- to make the island Communist. A western Hupeh are gathered at Laoho- campaign of terrorism furced the kow. evacuation of many members of the

mission for one or two years. Finally become loyal and useful citizens of the government expelled the worst China, and may be prepared to aid agitators, but only temporarily as they in building up and strengthenirtg are again active. Few roads are safe their respective communities along for travel,; block houses line the hill moral, intellectual, and humanitarian tops along the highways; towns and lines, and to promote the general purvillages are under constant guard. poses had in mind by each of the sev- eral missionary societies in establish- Here is an excellent opportunity to ing its educational work in China. make the island "A Laboratory of Christianity." The Presbyterian Board Christianity aud National Differences is the only one at work there. When four of its representatives paid a re- TONG-STANDING as have been the cent visit, the president of the Chamber. of Commerce said: "Hainan is L differences between Japan and deeply grateful for the effective and sacrificial service of the American China, an interdenominational confermissionaries, and we want them to ence held in Shantung, China, had stay forever."-George T. Scott. for its principal speakers Dr. Cheng Ching-yi, General Secretary of the Educational Union in Central China National Christian Council of China, and Dr. Toyohiko Kagawa, Japan's A PLAN is under consideration for great Christian Socialist. "It was an the affiliation, in Wuchang, China, evidence of the power of Christian exunder the name of Hua Chung (Cen- perience to triumph over national diftral China) College, of the work of ferences that the Chinese delegates higher education hitherto conducted could give such a cordial welcome to a by various missions in several cities Japanese leader," declares Grace M. in central China. Breck of Lintsing. Dr. Kagawa be- gan by apologizing for the political The following institutions are in- wrongs of Japan against China. His cluded in the plan: Boone College, sweet spirit soon won all hearts. The maintained by the American Protes- Chinese delegates prayed in Chinese; tant Episcopal Church; Wesley Col- Kagawa in Japanese; the foreigners lege, maintained by the English sometimes in English-but they all Methodists; Griffith John College, understood the spirit. As all rose to maintained by the English Congre- sing at closing, "God Be With You gationalists; Lakeside College, main- Till We Meet Again," all felt, as Miss tained by the Reformed Church in the Breck expresses it, "the reality of United States, at Yochow, and Yale- Christian unity and fellowship regardin-China, maintained by the Yale less of national or lingual differences." Foreign Missionary Society, at Chang- -The Congregationalist. aha. Bandits and Pastors Hua Chung College will have a Chinese president, and a board of direc- T HE Chinese Christian pastor made tors resident in China, of whom prisoner by bandits endures suftwo-thirds will be Chinese. A board ferings about which the world never of trustees in the United States re- hears. Mr. Jen's ·salary is nine dolsponsible for the general administra- lars a month-barely sufficient to cover tion will hold property not yet owned the mast meager expenses. Jen owned by the affiliating institutions. some farm land, upon which, of neces- sity, he was semi-dependent. He was The purpose of Hua Chung College captured by bandits with other prisonshall be to provide for the youth of ers, some of whom were beaten, muti- China a college education of high, lated and killed. Before he was free, standard with a view to developing his family had to sell his farm and character and intellectual capacity in give more than :tour hundred dollars its students, in order that they may

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

to his captors…. Twenty-five miles he could not live. "Then I saw those from Tehchow lived the widow of a Christian women kneel down on the Christian pastor, herself a former fioor, and some with tears, pour out Bible woman. Her husband had car- their hearts in prayer for his life. I ried a thousand dollar insurance policy was not a Christian and had never with a foreign company. Upon his been to church, but even I could feel death the money went to his widow. that influence outside of ourselves that She was abducted and held until her filled that room. In three days the family had turned over twelve hun- child was well and running about the dred dollars, the insurance money plus room. I know there is power outside other savings. Yet, in the face of of us that can help us, and I have such tales, Rev. Leonard Outerbridge come back to Chinkiang determined declares that "this has been the most to be a Christian."–'Mrs. S. C. Far- encouraging year in evangelistic work rior, of Chinkiang.

that I have seen in China."-The Con- Rip Van Winkle China gregationali8t.

Peril in China I T IS interesting to watch this mod- ern Rip Van Winkle emerge from T HE shadow of a new civil war in the customs of hundreds, even thou- China has resulted in all Ameri- sands of years, and become up-to-date. cans near Foochow being warned to This is happening in our part of withdraw to· escape rebels advancing China today, in this provincial capital, down the Min River. General Chiang, Chinkiang, forty miles from the naprofessing little concern for the rebel- tional capital. The streets that have lion in the South, has taken the field been so narrow that you could almost to crush Hunan and Kiang·si Province touch the two sides with your outbandits and then he promises to retire stretched arms .are now broad streets from office to repudiate assertions that with wide pavements, a credit to any he desired to become a dictator or to town. As you step out of the way of found a new dynasty. Coincident with the wheelbarrow or the ricksha you assertions that the Southern China in- have to be careful not to be run over surgents were Communists, encour- by the automobiles and trucks that are aged by Russian cooperation, the gov- whizzing by. We used to see men ernment announced Nationalist troops strolling down the street, hand in had defeated 20,000 bandit Reds of hand. like a couple of school girls but Southern Kiangsi.-New York Times. now we may see young men and wom- en enjoying the companionship of each Christian Influence other as in America. Straw-covered huts are still to be A STRANGER came into the church seen, even on the new streets, and by one Sunday (at Chinkiang), an the side a very up-to-date building hour before the time for service, and with a concrete wall. A man with the just sat there. She had no friends in latest-cut foreign clothes, with pressed the church; no one had asked her to trousers and the latest style overcoat, come; nothing human had been may find his way blocked and speed brought to bear upon her coming. SM lessened by one who still ambles along said that she wanted to be a Chris- in his blue bags of pants and his tian, and the Sunday before had come queue tied around his head.

to church at eight o'clock instead of In this convulsion of 400,000,000 ten. As no one came in, she went people can be seen the new life pre- home, then came again the next Sun- dominating, then the old seemingly day at nine o'clock. She said that she swallowing it up, and then again the had been visiting in Shanghai when new coming to the top until a lasting the grandson of a Christian became ill impression is made.-Mr8. S. C. Far- with meningitis and the doctor said rior.

JAPAN, KOREA the children were surprisingly quiet Women Buddhist Priests and orderly. There were between two T HE Shingon -sect of Buddhism in and three hundred there. While the Japan has adopted another modern evangelist handled the projector, the innovation, namely, the ordination of Japanese pastor told the story which includes an outline of the life of women to the priesthood. American Christ. Tracts were distributed among the people in the audience. and European missionary methods Barber shops in Japan are open have been copied for a number of every day from early morning until late at night but they are closed one years, such as opening Shuynmdnasy-ssuchnogolts~ day each month, on the seventeenth. founding orphanages, Accordingly this barber has arranged to have a church service once a month Gospel tunes, but with different words at his home, always on the seventeenth whether it comes on Sunday or not. as "Safe in the arms of Buddha ,; They are also preparing to have a Sunday-school every other week, but "Onward, Buddhist Soldiers," and the that, too, will have to be on some other day than Sunday because the pastor establishment of a Young Men's Bud- working in that district already has a ful! Sunday program.-Charles M. Ledhist Association. Women priests are Galley, in "Outlook of Missions."

to pass an examination before ordi- nation, according to a recent confer- ence held in Kyoto, dress their hair in sober fashion, and wear no colored vestm~nts. They may not, however, serve III the large and more important temples, but are to be appointed to the branch temples of which there are nearly 10,000 in Japan, and of which "I number nearly one-fifth are at present The Value of Kindergartens without priests. N J APAN mothers have little idea of training and governing their How a Barber HelpB children," writes Miss Cornelia Jud- A BOUT a month ago I had an in- son of Matsuyama, Japan. "Many lit- tle ones come to us showing that they 1.. teresting peep into the rural life have never yet known the way of obedience. Here they first learn (most of Japan and the work that is being come from non-Christian homes) that done by evangelists in the villages there is a Father-God watching them where there are no Christian churches. loving them, wanting them to be kind: The evangelist from the Reformed truthful, obedient, unselfish, and the Church Mission at Sendai asked me results of the training are shown in to go along to a community of about the large number (86) of our chil- 800 where he was to help a native dren wh() have become monitors of pastor from a neighboring city give their classes in primary and higher a lantern-slide lecture based on Van schools. Our Night Scho()l Sunday- Dyke's story, "The Other Wise Man." school with an attendance of about 150 is largely composed ()f children who There is no church or pastor in this have been in the Kindergarten; others community but a barber and one or attend the Church Sunday-schools. All two others in the village are Chris- Christian workers in Japan are very tians and they had arranged that this strongly emphatic about the value of service -should be held. teaching the little children."

We were taken to a warehouse which was already jammed with people, a large proportion of whom were children. There were no seats of any sort and the room was not heated al- A New Church in Korea T though it was the middle of February HE union of the two Methodist churches in Korea was not the with snow on the ground. The crowd was squatted on the floor as close to- patching together of two similar gether as they could be packed and ready-made systems. It was a case of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

thinking through policies, plans, and of a church service in America at 2 : 00 doctrines to find what was best for a P. M. in mid-summer heat, with a modern church in a new field. semi-tropic sun added, attracting a Take, for example, the episcopacy. capacity audience as a regular and not There was a strong sentiment in favor an extraordinary thing. The Chris- of a "president" who would be a pre- tians in Pyengyang go to church by siding officer of assemblies rather than the thousands.

a bishop or full-time paid leader. They More than 900 Christians in a coun- wanted to make sure that there would try circuit pledged themselves recently be no third order or apostolic succes- to work definitely for the conversion sion ideas in the new church. When of three friends, each praying daily they decided to have a general super- for them throughout a six months'

intendent they proceeded to limit his period. As a result, every church has powers in such a way that democracy a large growth in membership and should have a chance. two doubled in size.-The Presbyte- Baron Yun, the leading Southern rian.

Methodist layman, feared at one time that too many new things might be ISLANDS OF THE SEA adopted. He urged moderati.on so Philippine CODlDlissioner's Views that the child would be recognized by CAMILO OSIAS, Commissioner for its parents. He claimed that the re- the Philippines in the United port of the commission put the Korean Church 300 years ahead of the mother States, is a product of Christian mischurches and he did not think the mothers would recognize any of those sions. When asked recently whether that· went further. In -substance he said, "We are a young church, only a foreign missions have been of real few years old. The mother churches have lived long-maybe 200 years. We service to the Philippine-s he replied: have given women the right of ordination, and it will take them a hundred Absolutely, and the service has been years to get it in the Southern Meth- most constructive. The Philippines stand odist Church. We have granted lay- as exhibit A, testifying to the efficiency men equal numbers in the Annual Con- of the foreign mission enterprise. Nineference and it will take them a hun- ty-two per cent of our own people are dred years to gain that privilege in nominally Christian, due to the influence the Northern Church." of missions. The American people should not judge the efficacy of missionary work It was not independence that pri- in tenus of church membership or physmarily started the move for this new ical assets alone. It should be judged church, it was the desire and necessity more on the basis of the larger service for union of two small groups in the engendered. Religious freedom, the open face of their mountain-like obstacles. Bible translated into the vernacular, and They have a great opportunity. Help the spirit of democracy are a few of the them meet it.-Dr. George F. Suthe.r- notable fruits of Christianity not meas- urable by statistics.

Dr. Osias feels that missionary ef- fort should stress three points:-de- veloping a deeper spirituality; pro- moting a native Christian literature and striving to secure church union.

land, in "The Christian Advocate." New Zealand-Then and Now Mission Work in Korea NE hundred years ago when Sam- O OREANS packed to the doors, on, K a terribly hot Sabbath afternoon New Zealand, to establish a mission, uel Marsden went to Wainate, in June. What was it-a political the Maoris were cannibal warriors.

meeting, a movie? Neither. It was Sometimes, one of the missionaries the regular church service in West said, he would find in the morning a Church, one of twenty-three Presby- row of heads stuck on his fence. They terian churches in the city and imme- were the evidences of a raid and a diate environs of Pyengyang. Think cannibal feast. Today the Maoris are

Christians, with their own pastors tion into an effective political and and bishops. The first church was educational force. The announcement built at Wainate in 1831 and George originates from a group of individuals Selwyn settled there in 1842. An old upon whom many dry counsellors have Maori spoke as follows at the recent informally laid the responsibility of centenary: "I believe in the Word of leadership with something like a man- God. In Wainate the first school was date. These individuals will begin an opened in New Zealand and there the intensive drive to last from Septem- first oak was planted…. I don't like ber, 1931, to June, 1932, designed to to advise the white folks not to work erect in every county and precinct of on Sundays. The Maoris may do like- the United States a working organiza- wise and spoil their reputation! Unity tion of "Allied Citizens Supporting the is the great thing." Eighteenth Amendment." Three men Captain Rushwork, a member of in the leadership of this aggressive Parliament, said: "When the early program are Dr. Daniel A. Poling, the missionaries came to New Zealand Hon. Oliver W. Stewart and Col. Ray- they had no hope 'of returning home. mond Robins. They have the confi- It was like going to the moon. How dence of the entire dry public and they many of us would volunteer for such a know the problem. They have no pro- service? Today we honor these early fessional connection with any dry law- Christian pioneers while nothing is enforcing or legislative agency. They planned in memory of the traders or stand above the prejudices with which the beachcomber who lived and drank either wets or drys have assailed this riotously." or that agency. They therefore may Seed on Good Ground hope to command a unified response on the part of the dry citizenship. A PATIENT in the Tagbilaran hos- pital, in the Philippines, was The appeal will be addressed to all given a Testament. After recovery he citizens who hold that the traffic in took his Testament with him into the beverage liquor is. a social evil of the distant mountain barrio and later, first magnitude; that prohibition of the traffic by constitutional enactment when a colporteur of the American is the only effective way for American Bible Society was unsuccessfully try- society to deal with it; that, despite ing to sell Bibles in a near-by town, its violation and much weakness in its an inhabitant said to him: "In the enforcement, prohibition is a far hills they are all asking for that book." greater success than the distorted in- The colporteur went to the barrio terpretations given in the dominant indicated and found that the chief man wet press have led many to believe; was the one who had been in the hos- and that the present need is for dry pital at Tagbilaran. This man had been leading his people in Bible study, public sentiment to embody itself in had organized them into a congrega- 'Organized form in order to meet eftion and regular worship was being fectively the present crisis, and to mobilize general public opinion in beheld every Sunday. half of the voluntary observance of "We had no teacher," said he, "so the law.-The Christian Century. we just read the Bible before the peo- ple and let the Bible speak to us. We Million Dollars Put to Work D had no prayer book, so we just closed URING the thirty years of its his- tory, the Bible House of Los our eyes and talked to God." Angeles has received and expended NORTH AMERICA over a million dollars for the dissemi- A Law Observance Ca.m.paign nation of Christian literature. The A COUNTRY-WIDE campaign will Society was organized shortly after be launched in September to or- the close 'Of the Spanish-American ganize the dry sentiment of the na- War for the special purpose of provid-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ing Testaments and Gospels for free a great personality and pastor of Sec- distribution among the new Spanish- ond Presbyterian Church, Pittsburgh.

speaking citizens of the United States. Dr. Swift received his education at Since that time more than seven mil- Williams College under the powerful lion New Testaments and Scripture missionary influences which flowed Portions have been given without from the Haystack Prayer Meeting of charge to missionaries and colporteurs 1806, was himself accepted for mis- in Spanish-speaking lands throughout sionary appointment but never went to the world. Large editions of similar the field. He was the first secretary literature have been issued in Portu- of the Society.

guese, French, Italian, Arabic, Ger- Africa and India were the first fields man, Chinese, Rausa and Icelandic. of ·service for this new society. On Besides all this, many millions of the January 31, 1832, the society recorded well-known "Underscored" tracts and this action: "Resolved, That in view booklets in several languages have of the spiritual wants of Africa, this been widely scattered. The work is committee will make it their first obsupported wholly by voluntary offer- ject, if the providence of God shall ings. seem to open the way, to plan a mis- sion at some suitable place on that Century of Presbyterian Foreign Mis- continent as soon as the requested 'Sions measures can be adopted to effect that ONE hundred years of organized important end." Rev. John C. Low- Presbyterian Foreign Missions rie, from Western Theological Semiwere celebrated at the meeting of the nary, Pittsburgh, offered himself for General Assembly in Pittsburgh, May service in India, and on May 30, 1833, 28-June 3. The centennial of the or- sailed with Mrs. Lowrie for India.

ganization of the Board will be ob- served in 1937, but the Synod of Experiment in Missionary Education A Pittsburgh in 1831 organized the T THE Madison Avenue Church of Albany, N. Y., one Sunday eve- Western Foreign Missionary Society. The American Board of Commis- ning each month is set aside for mis- sioners for Foreign Missions (Congre- sionary education. Group meetings gational) was organized in 1810 and for informal discussion and questions for many years Presbyterian churches. are held; one group for men, one for sent their foreign mission gifts women, another for boys and girls of through the American Board. Strong high school age, and a fourth for feeling existed, however, that the work young people, the subject again being of foreign missions was an obligation presented at the regular evening serv- of the Church itself in its distinctive ice. Later motion pictures are shown character as a Church and that the and opportunity given for further dis- Assembly should organize its own cussion and questions. Three mission- Board of Foreign Missions. In 1831 aries, Rev. Boude C. Moore, of Japan, the Synod of Pittsburgh, realizing Dr. Taeke Bosch, of China, and Rev.

that the Church itself in its distinc- John D. Muyskens, of India, have as- tive character as a Church is a mis- sisted in the project. The Board of sionary society, organized the Western Foreign Missions has furnished excel- Foreign Missionary Society, and ap- lent motion pictures for $1.50 a reel.

pealed to the whole Church to make Information has been given and inter- sure of its work. The Rev. Dr. Elisha est stimulated in the countries stud- P. Swift was active in promulgating ied; also the meetings have given the the principle that "the work of foreign opportunity for the people, especially missions is not an optional interest the youth, to meet missionaries in w be left by the Church to individuals an informal way.-Christian Intelli- and voluntary associations." He was gencer.

Will the Protes,tant Episcopal Church lineup waiting for a "white collar job,"

Enter India? there are forty-two white men whl} THE committee of the National take precedence over him; if he is in Council of the Protestant Episcopal the unskilled labor group, he must Church reports a letter from the compete against fourteen. The high Archbishop of Calcutta, expressing turnover jobs are his and even here, again the hope that the Church in as well as in the traditional trades of the United States will undertake work his people, such as barbering, serving in India. The Rt. Rev. V. S. Azariah, as waiter, etc., there is a definite trend LL.D., Bishop of Dornakal, urges that to replace him by white labor. No the American Church begin work in matter what his work, his wage is. India in the Singareni area of Dorna- lower than that of the white man in a like position. So the Negro woman kal. turns earner. -Leila A. Rothenberger. Part of this area has been worked by the American Methodist Episcopal Mission but the Methodists have with- New Dry Daily Newspa.per T drawn and have turned over the en- HE New York City newspaper which Stanley High is organizing tire responsibility to the diocese of Dornakal. Bishop Azariah states that will be "first of all a newspaper, run they are unable to meet this new re- by newspaper men, under a hard- sponsibility without aid both in per- boiled business leadership," said Stan- sonnel and money. ley High after his resignation as ed- A forward step was taken by the itor of The Christian Herald was an- National Council by a report for ref- nounced.

erence to General Convention, asking According to present indications, he ,that consent be given to the under- said, the first issue of the new paper taking of the work outlined by the would appear this year. Approxi- Archbishop of Calcutta and the Bishop mately one-half of the $10,000,000 of Dornakal, on condition that suf- capital has been subscribed, and the ficient financial support can be secured rest is "hopefully in sight."

to carry it on for a trial period of "It is a mistake," he said, "to get three years at an approximate cost, in- the idea that this will be a prohibition cluding capital expenditure, of $15,000 newspaper. There are certain definite a year. issues, in my opinion, more pressing than prohibition. We intend to do The Most Courageous Woman more definite crusading on economic WHEN Dr. Edward A. Steiner and international issues than we do on toured Europe to find the man prohibition. And we shall give these lowest down, he found the greatest subjects as much news and editorial burden bearer to be the Slavic woman. space as we give to prohibition."

Recently a group of thirty-four peo- On the basis of recent research in ple, nineteen white and fourteen black, newspaper circulation Mr. High said toured our southern states in the first that he expected 100,000 paid subinterracial seminar on wheels. Going scribers, not including newstand buy- as a fact-finding group they, too, ers, before the first issue appeared.

found a woman-the most courageous The primary circulation emphasis, one in the United States. She is the moreover, will be outside New York Negro wife and mother. in the area beyond the commuting In a double sense, the Negro woman zone. Thus national and international is the bearer of her race. Besides issues will command more space than bearing children, she is forced, by the in current dailies, although city news economic conditions under which her will be covered "adequately." The people live, to join her husband as paper will appear every week day wage earner. If her husband is in the morning, but Sunday editions will be

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

omitted. Its publishing plant will be of overcoming their SUspIcIon, scien- in the metropolitan area. A few "key tists have studied them very little.

men" of the staff have already been selected. If business conditions con- A Guayaquil Campaign I tinue to improve the first issue will N A Gospel campaign in Guayaquil, probably appear before 1932.-Herald- the Christian message was force- fully heralded to 120,000 Ecuadorians Tribune.

for fourteen days. Every day the two LATIN AMERICA leading papers of the country, El Tele- Progress in Tolerance grato and El Universo, published well- written announcements and invita- PROTEST ANT Christians have won tions to the "Templo Evangelico," and respect in Guatemala, as shown by 5,000 circulars were distributed daily. the fact that Protestants are in great These efforts, backed by prayer, demand as servants, bill collectors, brought together large adult assemoverseers and similar positions requir- blies. A meeting for men only was ing honesty and reliability; and by the attended by nearly a thousand repreclasses of people being reached. At sentative doctors, lawyers, city offifirst, only the down-and-outs who had cials, as well as artisans; perhaps the nothing to lose dared come to evan- largest group of men ever assembled gelistic services. The well-to-do would in Ecuador to hear the Gospel. In all not even come, like NicodBmus, by the after meeting,s, many knelt in renight. Gradually the literate class pentant prayer, and decided to accept began to come, then the intelligentsia. Christ. Over 1,200 meet every Sunday in Guatemala City to study the Bible and Brazilian Worker for Africa are not afraid of being called Protestants. In most outside towns meet- T HE Brazilian Church, in its comings can be held with no likelihood of parative youth, is planning to furinterference, and in any event support nish missionaries for Africa. The of officials can be relied upon. first to enter upon this service was Miss Celenia Pires Dantas, who went Another Uttermost Part to Angola over a year ago under the auspices of the Women's Missionary T HE New York Times announces a Society of the United Church of Can- special expedition into Bolivia to ada. Enthusiastic reports of her work study the last remaining remnants of have been received.

the Uro-Chipaya Indians. These Indi- Miss Dantas, a teacher in the Gov- ans, who were established in the high- ernment school in Campina Grande, lands of Peru and Bolivia, hundreds was converted about six year.s ago, and of years before the Incas of the Ay- has rendered efficient service in the maras or the Quechuas, live in miser- Sunday-school of her own town. The able round mud-huts with thatched Angola Mission is seeking additional dome-shaped roofs, scattered in small workers from Brazil, where the Por- groups on the desert between the tuguese language is spoken.

Andes and Lake Poopo, the same re- gion to which their ancestors were GENERAL exiled by the conquering Aymaras be- Laymen's Foreign Mission Inquiry fore the arrival ()f the Incas. In their A BOUT a year ago plans were made life of isolation, these Indians have t1 by leading Protestant laymen preserved many of the customs ob- (among whom was John D. Rockefel- served before the Spanish conquerors ler, Jr.), to conduct a thorough inves- arrived, and the women stm wear tigation of foreign missions as con- • dresses such as those found on pre- ducted by Protestant churches of the historic Peruvian mummies. Because United States at a cost of about 40 of their remoteness and the difficulty million dollars annually.

The executive committee appointed five denominations for their official at that time, headed by Albert L. approval. Scott, a leader among Baptist laymen, announces that 10 of the 12 members Three denominations, Congregaof the investigating commission have tional, Christian and United Brethren, now been named. They are: Dr. W. have recently organized the Evan- E. Hocking, professor of philosophy at gelical Church of Puerto Rico. This Harvard; Mr. and Mrs. Harper Sib- new church embraces a total of 36 naley, of Rochester, N. Y.; Miss Mary tive organized churches, with a to- E. Woolley, president of Mt. Holyoke tal membership of 3,518. The move- College; Dr. H. S. Houghton, dean of ment toward union originated in the the University of Iowa College of island, and with the full approval of Medicine; Dr. Charles P. Emerson, the Boards in the United States, the dean of the University of Indiana actual working out of details was left School of Medicine; Dr. Arlo A. with the Puerto Ricans and the few Brown, president of Drew University; missionaries on the field.-Federal Dr. W. P. Merrill, of the Brick Pres- Council Bulletin. byterian Church, New York City; Dr. Albert R. Mann, dean of Cornell Uni- Men and Missions Anniversary versity Agricultural College, and Dr. Rufus M. Jones, professor of philos- NOVEMBER 15, will mark the ophy at Haverford College. Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the meeting at which the Laymen's Mis- The names of the other two com- sionary Movement was launched in missioner.s will be announced later. the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian This commission will leave next Octo- Church, New York City, in 1906. It ber for a nine months' study of mis- is recommended that churches everysions in India, China, Japan and where commemorate this day as "Men Burma. and Missions Sunday," with sermons on some phase of the theme; with a More Ohurch Union layman to speak on the same topic for five or ten minutes; taking up this AREQUEST for the union of Con- subject in men's Bible classes and on gregational, Methodist and Pres- "the air" in order to call men to rebytErian churches in Australia was newed interest in the study of Chrismade in 1916. At a recent meeting tian missions at home and abroad. of the three churches under the leadership of the President-General of the An interdenominational men's meet- Methodist Church, negotiations took a ing is to be held in the Fifth Avenue step forward. A committee was Presbyterian Church, New York, named to arrange a basis for federa- in the afternoon and simultaneous tion, and in the meantime there will men's meetings in other cities from be an interchange of pulpits in order coast to coast. Some of the foremost to further the process of unification. laymen and missionary leaders will speak concerning the world·wide mis- A Federation of Evangelical Church- sionary obligations of Christian men. es has now been formed in Brazil, as Probably the interest of men concernthe outgrowth of a meeting in Rio de ing their relation to the world work Janeiro (February 3d) attended by of Chri·st has increased a hundredfold representatives of the Presbyterian, in the past twenty-five years. It is Independent Presbyterian, Episcopal, probable that over 800,000 men will Congregational and Methodi·st bodies. listen in on the discussion over the Professor Erasmo Braga, a distin- radio next November. guished Protestant leader of Latin America, was elected Corresponding The offices of the Movement are Secretary of the new organization. located at 19 South LaSalle, St., Chi- cago, Ill. and at 419 Fourth Ave., New The constitution is now before the York City.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Archibald Orr Ewing-"That Faithful and maintain an intelligent missionary in- Wise Steward." By Marshall Broom- hall. 150 pp. 28. 6d. China Inland terest in his church in Nashville, Ten- Mission, and The Religious Tract So- ciety. London. 1931. nessee. He is also chairman of the There is no endowment so great as Executive Committee of Foreign Misthe memory .of sacrificial service. This "Faithful and Wise Steward," sions in the Presbyterian Church in was born in Liverpool 1857 and died in 1930 at Southampton. His long the U. S. Yet he insists in the introlife represented two periods of service in China in Shansi Province to the duction to this book that he is not "a North and Kiangsi the South. In 1911 he returned to England for health ims isvseiroynamryu·cehxpaenrte."xpeFrot ronallthtehaht~mhee reasons. Heir to his father's fortune he was not only an honorary mission- end of the world enterprise and pasary of the China Inland Mission, but a steward whose bounty made possible tors can learn from the volume how the expansion of the work at a critical period in the history of this Society. to approach people who have all kinds "As a missionary he knew a missionary's needs, and his gifts in the head- of difficulties about the work. It is a quartel'"s at Shanghai, in the school at Chefoo, in the sanatorium at Kuling, book, as good after a few years as toand in a hundred other ways, were for the efficient service, the well-being day, hence, it does not deal with and the comfort of his fellow-workers. In this way he became the beloved merely passing world conditions, exminister and servant of his brethren." cept by way of illustration. Several Such a life of sacrifice and devotion is insplrmg. Here is a present-day chapters are of peculiar importance illustration of a rich young man whom Jesus loved and who did forsake all for the present hour, such as the one to follow Him. Mr. Ewing's manly courage, bold evangelism, affectionate on "The Intolerant Christ" which furhome-life and cheerful disposition are outstanding characteristics. nishes a needed answer' to the easy S. M. Z. proposal that all religions shall be reckoned of equal value, and another on "The Creed to tChoensqoumeretwhheaWt sot>rilnd~"­ which deals with less suggestion that Christianity is whatever one likes to think it is and that it is so much a "way of living"

that it is not also a way of thinking.

~he book is instinct with common sense and Christian sagacity.

C. B. MeA.

HEy My Spirit." By Jonathan Goforth. 189 pp. Gospel Publishing House Springfield, Mo. 1931. '

Dr. Goforth after engaging for many years in various lines of mis- The Field Is the World. By James I. sionary labor in the province of Ho- Vance, D.D., LL.D. 164 pp. Presby- nan, North China, wi'th ever increasing terian Committee of Publication, Rich- emphasis on direct evangelism, re- mond, Va. 1930. sponded years ag,o to his conviction Dr. Vance is an experienced pastor that he had received a very clear call who has had much occasion to build and of God to a wider ministry, both to 637

nonChristians and to those already tions that portray in detail, disadvan- in the Christian Church. Invited to tages and evils which still handicap many parts of China to conduct re- the progress of a portion of the women vival meetings, he has not only called of India, even these sections' are free "sinners" to repentance, but has also from any taint of personal invective.

summoned the Christian "Pharisee An important place is given to Indian and Sadducee" to bring forth fruits agencies of reform, such as the Wom- meet for repentance in confession and en's Indian Association, and the All- reparation. It is of his manifold ex- India Conferences for Educational and perience and observation of results in Social Reform. Both in the sources this nation-wide ministry that Dr. referred to throughout the text, and Goforth writes in this book in copious in the bibliography, Indian and Euro- attest of his mature conviction that pean writers have been referred to the Spirit of God is the only power impartially, and the bibliography in- which can set pagan or Christian right cludes writers ranging all the way with God and with fellow man, and from British officials to the most transform the individual, the family ardent Nationalists. A. B. VAN D.

and the social relations of men on earth into the relations of the King- Seen and Heard in a Punjab Village. By dom of Heaven. While perhaps some- Miriam Young. 228 pp. 58. Student what over-critical of those who have Christian Movement Press. London.

not altogether. agreed with his meth- This is the story of how two English ods, and of his fellow-missionaries in women lived and worked f.or three general, he yet relates many telling years in village fashion, and by naincidents of the great Manchurian re- tural contacts with simple friendly vival and of subsequent local move- neighbors came nearer to understand ments of the Spirit in many places, the way the Indian villager looks leading up to his establishment of the at life and at the Christian message Canadian Presbyterian Church's new of the missionary. It is suggestive of Mission in Manchuria. The book will the simplicity of their effort that the contribute to the reader's assurance word mission and missionary seldom that the day of spiritual miracles has occurs in the story, written by one of not passed. them.

The Key of Progress: A Survey of the Nearly the entire first year was spent as a sort of apprenticeship, Status and Conditions of Women in In- satisfying curiosity, overcoming the handicap of being known as a for- dia. By Several Contributors. Edited eigner, making friends and studying by A. R. Caton with a Foreword by H. E. the Lady Irwin. 7s. 6d. Oxford University Press. London.

Here in small compass, are the main how to adapt the message to the men- facts concerning the life and progress tality of the listeners, and how to get of Indian women. It is a survey, them to listen. The whole book de- packed with information presented in lights the reader by its fresh, intimate a highly concentrated form, and care- and readable account of Punjab village fully organized and documented. The life, and there is much of genuine subjects dealt with are education, missionary interest in the attempt of health, marriage and home life, the the writer to sum up the value of the social evil, rural life, and the place of mass movement. The last chapter, women in industry. A complete and "How We Tried to Present Religion,"

well arranged bibliography adds to will be read more than once by many the value of the book. workers in the foreign field as they This study has been made from a seek to know what was and what was purely objective and scientific stand- not accomplished by this unusual outpoint. While there are certain por- pouring of loving sacrifice. J. C.

BOOKS WORTH READING

The Grass Roof. By Younghill Kang. Concessions at AmDY and Chinkiang, 367 pp. $3.00. Scribner's. New York. and for the Reorganization of the 1931. Shanghai Provisional Court, the Brit- ish Boxer Indemnity Agreement, and This life story of a young Korean the documents relating tD the SinD- Russian railway dispute. is as refresbing as a mountain breeze. ~e treatment of the Christian The author, with fine powers of de- Movement in China (pp. 307-319) is rather inadequate when compared scription, graphically tells of his birth with other sections, but it is up-tD- date and sympathetic. There is an inin a little village in Northern Korea teresting "Who's Who" of the present luminaries on the Chinese political shortly before the Russia-Japan War. hDrizon; there are no maps and the general index is not full. S. M. Z. He describes the poverty, and yet the simple dignity ·of his parents, and his own life of varied adventures, strug- gles to secure an education, imprison- ment by the Japanese police when he championed the independence move- ment, and a voyage to America with a friendly missionary. He rightly says: Confucius and Confucianism. By Richard "The life that I have lived, with all Wilhelm, translated by G. H ..and A. P. Danton. 176 pp. $1.75. Harcourt, the joys and sorrows, is an interesting Brace and Ce. New Yerk.

life. . . . My one aim is to tell the hu- The life of Confucius as recorded by man story of one man, made up with Sse-Ma Ch'ien, the early Chinese his- the stuff called love, hatred, smiles and torian, and the writings of Confucius tears. All I can do is to tell this sin- and his followers from the basis of cerely and frankly, for life has always this compact volume. Extracts are seemed to me bigger than anything quoted from the classics to illustrate else." It is a charming narrative, and his teachings. The renderings of the it gives the reader a clearer under- original are free and in many cases standing of the ability and aspira- are very different frDm the actual tions of many educated young Kore- texts, and the translators point out ans. A. J. B. that Wilhelm "was an extremist in his The China Year Book, 1931. Edited by H. attitude toward the Chinese ethics." G. W. Woodhead. 730 pp. $12.50. Simpkin, Marshall, Ltd., London. For the sake of accuracy, his work This is the thirteenth issue of an should be compared with renditions of up-to-date encyclopedia of infDrmation and is accepted as the standard Legge and others. However this is authority 'On things Chinese. The editDr has had the CODperation of a num- a good introduction to the Confucian ber of experts including two Dr three writers on missiDnary topics. In ad- classics and a fascinating sketch ditiDn to the usual informatiDn on geDgraphy, statistics, shipping, public 'Of the great sage. It will also help health, expDrts and imports, communications, finance, etc., there is a chap- beginners to understand Islam in ter on religions, 'On present government and the system 'Of National edu- China and the sway that Confuciancation. Among the documents in the new issue are: the CDnventiDn for the ism has exerted. The short bibli- RenditiDn of Weihaiwei, the Sino- American Aviation CDntract, the new ography at the end of the book is of Copyright and Insurance Laws, the new French, Japanese, Greek and value. C. L. P. Czecho-Slovakian Treaties, the Agreements for the Rendition of the British Which Way Religion1 By Harry F. Ward. 221 pp. $2. Macmillan. New York. 1931.

We need a practical religion that affects all aspects of life. To accom- plish this Prof. Ward urges that the principles of Jesus must be accepted and applied or civilization will inevi- tably go down.

Dr. Ward differentiates between the principles of Jesus and present-day

organized Christianity. The difficulty by the Mission CQnference in Saxony.

is not that most people willfully dis- It is a neat little volume of 153 pages.

regard Him. It is that they do not The editor is pastor Wm. Gerber. The know Him. The basic fact in Ameri- book contains a number of very can life has been the making of informing and useful articles on mis- money. The god "Success" is wor- sion subjects, a cQmprehensive sur- shipped, consciously or unconsciously. vey 'Of Lutheran missions for the This has resulted in the deification of preceding year and very accurate sta- the machine. The author's theory is tistics 'Of missions as carried on by that ethical development should be the mission groups in Germany, Australia first concern 'Of religion. As Chris- and America. It is the most com- tianity becomes ethical, life will be prehensive work of its kind.

enlarged, and the deeper values will Christus an Torii und Pagode. function more fully. One wonders if the author believes that the ethical Devaranne. Leopold Klotz, Publisher, can do all that he claims. Surely Gotha. 270 pages. Price $2.00. The there is more in Christianity than author, already well known, here gives us a book dedicated to those among animated ethics. the educated, whQ despise foreign mis- Salvation, according to this view, is sions, but still have a sense of re- ligious values. He offers theoretical not a gift but a search. To trust considerations and practical discusmoney makers to bring in a good life sions and much documentary material. for the world is as foolish as to ex- He discusses foreign missions as to pect medicine men toO bring back health motives and results and defends them toO suffering humanity. J. F. R.

Everyland Children-Candy and Love. By against modern doubts and opposition.

Lucy W. Peabody. 60 pp. 25 cents. NEW BOOKS Central Committee. No. Cambridge, Mass. 1930. Hinterlands of the Church. Elizabeth R.

Nothing is more important than the Hooker. 314 pp. $2.50. Institute of training .of children to know God as Social and Religious Research. New He is made known to us in Jesus York. Christ and to be in real sympathy with the wQrk that Christ came intQ the The China Year Book, 1931. Edited by H. G. W. Woodhead. 730 pp. $12.50. WQrld to do. University of Chicago Press. Chicago. Mrs. Peabody has brought 'Out the Coral. Charlotte Murray. 255 pp. 28, 6d. seventh little bQQk toO pr.omote an Pickering & Inglis. London. understanding friendship among the children of the world. Five of these Annual Report-Home :Missions Council, 1931. 72 pp. Home Missions Council. New York.

interesting stories tell of child-life in Charles to Stndd. Thomas B. Walters. fQreign lands. This latest one intro- Belgian Congo. Edited by Richard P.

duces us to a brother and sister in An Index to the Holy Bible. 35 cents. India, named Candy and Love. We Bible Institute Colportage Association.

learn what they wore, what they ate, Chicago.

what they were interested in, and how Korea, the Old and the New. Ellasue they learned about Jesus and passed Wagner. 160 pp. $1.50. Revell. New the g.oQd news along. A clever touch York.

at the end shows that Mrs. PeabQdy The Outlined Acts. Robert Lee. 114 pp. understands how toO get reactions 3s. Pickering & Inglis. London.

frQm little readers, and a1sQ how toO The Pool of Sacriftce. Josephine Hope turn these ~eactions toO good accoOunt. Westervelt. 219 pp. $1.50. Revell. New York. E. B. D. P. Religion and Civilization in West Africa.

A Lutheran Mission Yearbook, 1931 J. J. Cooksay and Alex. McLeish. 277 pp. Maps. 58. Worid Dominion Press. is the 44th annual yearboQk published London.

The Missionary Review of the World — July 1931

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156 Fifth Avenue. New York READ THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE JULY NUMBER: Theodor N5ldeke and Eduard Sachau …… Duncan B. Macdonald A Persian Apostle: Benjamin Badal ……. ' ,J. Christy Wilson The Fear of God in the Koran ,Frank Hugh Foster The Pre-Ottoman Conquest of Asia-Minor. , . ,Lee Vrooman Luther's Attitude Toward Islam , ,Gottfried Simon The Chams of French Indo-China, (with map) America in the Cairo Press , ,A. C. Hanna Can a Moslem Translate the Koran? ,E. E. Elder ,W. G. Shellabear ··<lI,===SUBSCRIBE TODAY===~·· Address THE MOSLEM WORLD 156 Fifth Avenue New York City Single copies, 50c.; Annual Subscription, $2.00; in Combination with the REVIEW, $3.50.

MARSHALL, MORGAN & SCOTT, 12 Paternoster Buildings. London In Great Britain, Eight Shillings, net PleasE' mflntJon THE MrSS]ONARY. REVlEW OP THE 'YORLD in writ1ng to advertisprs. MISSIONARY PERSONALS REVIEW OF THE WORLD MISS MARTHA BERRY, Director of the Berry School for Mountain Children, at HELAYAN L. I'JEnSON, Rditor Mt. Berry, Ga., received the medal of honor from the Town Hall Club for CONTENTS-July, 1931 "achieving an accomplishment of lasting merit." Seven thousand children have al- Puye ready been graduated from the school and there are now 2,000 on the waiting THE HTIW(HlLI,] OF KOlUJAN CJlRIS- list to enter.

'l'IA.NR . . . . . . . . . . . . IIRIWEUT E . .BLAIR 4~5 ** .A. FOltVARD BTliJP IN BHAZIL …… . DR, W. J. MCGLOTHLIN was reelected • • • . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. C. r.L'll(~l{J):lU. 4V2 president of the Southern Baptist Con- vention at its recent meeting in Birming- CAN TilE POOl( IlIC ClIHISTIANS'1 ," ham, Ala. •• " . " . , . " " . , . "PAUL W, IlARltISON -iU3 *** TOHIIlIKO KAGAWA-J AI' AN]j] S ill DR. G. L. KIEFFER has recently been AI'OWI'LB TO '!'IlE l'O()]t ""', .. , .. appointed to Dr. Henry K. Carroll's posi- " " " " " " " " " " "I!. W. MEYERS 501 tion as statistician for the churches of America. A NtlW AIJygN'rUIUO WITH CHRIST •..••••••.••••••••• PAUL J. BU.USTED 507 ** STltAW:'; IX 'rUE MU,SIONAltY WIND MISS BLANCHE NICHOLA, former dean · . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LOIS ,T, ELDER 50!) of Berea College, has been elected direc- tor of specific work for the Board of Na- tional Missions of the Presbyterian .A "SCHOUI~ Ob' fl'I[J;] lIItOI'UliJT:5" IN Church, U. S. A., succeeding Miss M• Nl!~W ZliJALAND .. . ……..•. 513 Josephine Petrie, retired. For many years Miss Nichola has been engaged in SHALL CHltIS'l'IANS LWl' 'l'lIE JICWS missionary work among industrial and ALONE'~ EIliTOHU.L . ' [jl(j foreign-speaking groups.

A NOTABLE ImIHU<JW CHRISTIAN- PRESIDENT W . * * W:HI< ITE, of the Bib- Tj[~J STOltY O~' SABE'l'I ll, ItOllOLll W .

· . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . V. il. CHUTSTIFJ 510 lical Seminary in New York, celebrated TOl'ICS OF TIlE TIMFJS •…. ' 1122 in April the 30th anniversary of the '''Pht) Nurm3 oj ~1li88'io'1t8'J founding of his institution.

Colll'!}c GORpd ']'eams ttl" Asia REV. JOHN R. *SCO*TFO*RD is the newly j)('[JctHlcilt Independent M18,5!'iOUS elected editorial secretary of the Com- [.r.i tile BHjlc Out oj Date? mission of Missions of the Congrega- ~m'rIiODS FOn WORKERS . . . . . . . . . • . tional National Council. Part of his . . • . . EDITED BY MRS. lJ'. I. .JOHNSUN 526 work is to carryon the associate editor- W(HIAI'S HOME AND FOIttJIGN llUL- ship of the American Missionary num- LETIK ……….. , ..•…•………. 5R2 bers of the Congregationalist.

WORLD·WIDE OUTLOOK ……..•..•• U38 MISS NOltI SHI*MOM* UR*A, an American- IlOOKS WOIt'l'lI RI~ADING •..•…..••• 554 born Japanese girl from Portland, has been adjudged by a faculty committee at 'L'EHMS.-$2,50 a year, ($2.00 in clubs uf Oregon State College (4,000 students) "to approach most nearly an ideal of infive.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, tellect and spirituality, and to have ex- 25 cents. Published. monthly. Copyrighted, erted the most Wholesome influence upon 1931, by lIrssION ..t,.RY REVIEW IJUBI.ISIIlNG COM- her associates." Miss Shimomura has been active in campus Christian circles. PANY, INC. All rigbts reserved. MRS. F. 1. JOHN*SO*N, E*ditor of the Best 'I'lIE MISSIONARY REVIBW PUBLISHING Methods Department, when in Siam last COMPANY, INC. March, had an audience in Bangkok with ROBERT E. SPEER, President Prince Damrong, chief adviser of King 'VILLIAM 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President Prajadhipok. Mrs. Johnson is now on her way back to America. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary VAI~TER .McDOUGALl" Treasurer * * >1= Publication Office, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, DR. ERIC M. NORTH, Secretary of the American Bible Society, recently re- Pa. 25c a COllY. $2,50 Ii year. turned from Great Britain where he has EditorIal and Business Office, 156 Fifth Avenue, been on business relating to the distribu- New York City tion of the Scriptures in other lands.

Entered fiS Second-clnss matter at the Post *** Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March MR. JOHN L. GOHEEN, principal of the a, 1879. Sangli Industrial and Agricultural School of the Presbyterian Western In- dia Mission, has been made an adviser of the Native State of Ichalkaranji. In EMPRESS" this capacity Mr. Goheen is to exercise general supervision over all departments Largest and Fastest of state; principally public works, education registration, municipality, medi- OD the Paeilie . .. ,,'a cine, Ichalkaranji Bank and Cooperative Credit Societies. Honolulu or Speedway *** MISS KATHARINE TRISTRAM, at work in Japan under the C. M. S. for forty-two years, has been awarded the Blue Ribbon Distinguished Service Medal by the Emperor, in recognition of effort for the cause of education and social uplift.

DR. NORTHCOTE* D"ECK*, long a worker in the Solomon Islands, has accepted an invitation to join the Council of the China Inland Mission in Great Britain.

MR. BASIL MA"THE"WS*, recently one of Now, transatlantic the Secretaries of the World Y. M. C. A. at Geneva, and now attached to the per- sonal staff of Dr. John R. Mott of the International Missionary Council, has agreed to become Professor of Missions at Boston University for four months each year. Mr. Mathews' new work will be closely related to the Faculty of Theology and the Faculty of Religious Education, and also to the Newton Theologi- cal Seminary. .,. .,. .,.

THE REV. J. HARRY CoTTON, D.D., pas- size and speed on the Pacific! The White EmpresB tor of the Broad Street Presbyterian Church, Columbus, Ohio, is to deliver Heet comprises the largest, fastest liners to the the Joseph Cook lectures in the Far East, September, 1931, to March, 1932. Orient. / Dr. Cotton is to lecture in Syria, Persia, India, Siam, China, Korea, and Japan. Two Empress routes! Via Honolulu, the huge Empress of Canada and the new 23-knot Em- press of Japan, 26,000 tons gross, 39,000 tons Christians from" other*lands who expect displacement, connecting at Honolulu, if you to attend conferences in America this sail from Los Angeles or San Francisco. Via Summer: the Speedway Express, direct to Yokohama, Empress of Russia and Empress of Asia. Both TOYOKIHO KAGAWA, the outstanding routes from Vancouver and Victoria.

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Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THill WORLD in writing to advertisers. CHURCH, PYENGYANG KOREANS MAKING OFFFlRINGS 1'0 SPIRITS AT A WAYSIDE DFlMON RTIRINFJ OLD AND NEW FORMS OF WORSHIP IN CHOSEN

LIV. No. 7 July

THE STRUGGLE OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS BY THE REV. HERBERT E. BLAIR, D.D., Taiku, Korea Missionary oj the Presbyterian Church j U. 8. A.

W HEN Japan annexed Korea Japan is proud of her great Prov- in 1910, she did away with ince of Chosen. She aspires to rule the political name of the the land better than America rules country, "Taikau," and officially the Philippines or Britain, India. named the province "Chosen,"-a Law making and enforcement are beautiful old name used by the peo- efficient. The courts are generally pIe themselves and meaning "morn- enlightened, if not always free ing calm." Missionaries, merchants from administrative dominance. In and writers still use the name Ko- spite of resurgent Korean patriotrea, the name so familiar to West- ism and resentment, expressed in ern peoples. occasional independence move- ments, Korea has been, de-facto, a The change of name is less im- part of the Japanese Empire now portant than the deeper changes for twenty years. that have come about since Japan annexed the country. The first of This political situation has afthese changes was political. Dis- fected the Christian movement in regarding questions of Japan's Korea profoundly. It has put a rights or Korea's deserts, there is new fibre into these characters. no question but that Japan has From a simple, rural, religious given a new, efficient, stimulating, community, feeding on Christian peace compelling administration. teachings alone, the Korean Church The Chosen administration is the has been tossed by surging tides of center of the Japanese imperial ad- political feeling. Patriotism and vance upon the Continent. The religion have been intimately asnew government is without the con- sociated at times and many have sent of the governed. Taxation is suffered imprisonment. The stress without representation and is very and strife have resulted in awakenheavy. The subject people have ing the Christian community to an only a minor, employed, participa- intelligent, liberty loving citizention in the less important official ship, which, if justly ruled, may bepositions. come a valuable element within the Japanese Empire, or, if oppressed, If Japan is to rule Korea at all, may eventually lead in some strugshe must keep a firm hand on the gle for national independence. The machinery of government. Peace advance has been from dependence must be preserved or Japan must upon paternalistic favor to a will go. The country must be advanced.

485

to win justice on the basis of law lion Koreans are, perhaps, prosand right. pering, eighteen millions are caught between higher standards Commercially the Japanese have of living and the breakdown of made Korea a new country. Trans- ancient trades and loss of lands. portation facilities center in the Eighty per cent of the Koreans, Government Railway which runs mostly farmers, are in hopeless up and twice across the Peninsula. poverty, and the galling conditions Government auto bus lines connect of changing life cause them great large stations with coast ports. distress. The upper ten per cent, Passenger and freight traffic has through usury, control of transbeen greatly extended. Banking portation, foreign commerce, and and commercial facilities and mod- the wholesale business, take a deadern public utilities have been de- ening toll from the helpless poor. veloped in a decade. Fine cities with modern buildings, water, Christian work in Korea is suflight and transportation are grow- fering because of financial difficuling up. Silk and cotton mills, to- ties. There are a few prosperous bacco factories, machine shops, and business men among Christians, esother new industries have come. pecially in the north. In Pyeng- The Japanese postal system is a yang some can even challenge Japmarvel. Daily papers, the moving anese business leadership. There is pictures and even the radio are be- one law for all, but those who join coming common. Western clothing, hands with Japanese business men medicine, machinery, books, ath- will naturally prosper, whereas letics-all are taking hold of Ko- Christians who keep the Sabbath, rea. The Japanese school system, do not use liquor nor share in no:J.- set to make all Korean children Christian business practices cannot loyal citizens of Japan, gives prom- take advantage of the present comise of great future blessing to the mercial system in Korea. With nation. The Japanese, through splendid exceptions, the newly government control and commer- prosperous tenth of Korea is almost cial enterprise, have brought in universally non-Christian, in fact most of this advancement and they non-religious. Integrity, industry and the Koreans who are close to and personal character will finally them have profited by their enter- win, but the great mass of Korean prise. But the nation is the real Christians, thus far, are farmers gainer. and financially they are at the mercy of a political, commercial Damaging Influences and agricultural control that is crushing them. With new life and Yet the picture is not all bright. ambition which Christian faith There are damaging influences alone gives men, they find their which intensify the degradation of limitations exasperating. The Kothe old pagan life. Narcotics, in- rean Church has been self-supportcreased liquor traffic, licensed pros- ing from the beginning. But today, titution, gambling on the rice except in the cities, poverty is so market, crushing taxation, and po- real in face of higher taxes and litical oppression tend to destroy living costs that pastors' and teachwhat was best in the old life. Larg- ers' salaries are not being paid, er incomes and higher standards of funds for church support are lackliving are for the rulers and those who cooperate with them. If a mil-

THE STRUGGLE OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS

ing, tuition fees for children are prosperous homes, schools and impossible, and the struggle for churches. food and clothing grows desperate. Hundreds give up hope of even The intellectual life of Korea has making a living off the "acre and a also undergone great changes. AIhalf" which they have on the aver- ways fundamentally Confucian with age been allowed to farm, and an added sympathetic Buddhistic either migrate to the cities or to mysticism, the Korean scholar China or Siberia. As a result down the ages has been a proud country churches weaken while Pharisee. As the churchmen of Lucity churches ilourish. ther's day lived in two languages, so the Korean scholars were mas- Christian cooperation is being ters of both Chinese and Korean. tried in many places. Agriculture The Koreans are a remarkably in- OLD TIME RELIGION IN CHOSEN-DEVIL POWl'S ON 'l'IlE HIGHWAY is being studied as never before. telligent, scholarly inclined race. The missions and the Y. M. C. A. The rulers were scholars; the farmare joining hands in taking agri- ers toiled and obeyed. Today the cultural information to the Chris- old Chinese classics are largely tian community as an emergency crowded out of the Japanese conmeasure, but as yet inadequate trolled schools. Instead of two funds limit this help. It is inter- languages, the young Korean scholesting to watch the Korea mission ar must be efficient in three lanforces, ever intent upon preaching guages. Instead of the old Conthe Gospel and the evangelistic fucian maxims committed as a rule training of the Christian commu- of life, a wild jumble of Western nity, turning their attention now to science, Japanese political ethics, the great question of helping that mathematics and vocational sub- Christian community escape de- jects are taught. The old Confucian stroying poverty so that a prosper- scholar is neglected and the modern ous people may be able to maintain school boy is quite a tyrant. West-

• STUDENTS AT CHAPEL SERVICE IN CHOSEN CHIUSTIAN COLLEGE, SEOUL ern books, newspapers, the movies inquirers. They want to know if and numerous magazines fill the Christianity can really solve their present-day mind of Korea with all problem when it commands them to the maze of Western world life and pray for the King, obey the powers thought. The old standards are that be, and turn the other cheek.

gone, except in old rural districts They do not see much hope for the where the classical tradition still great eighty per cent of the poor maintains. In the cities Japanese tenant farmers of Japan, China or law and Christian teachings are Korea ever attaining adequate liv- setting the new standards. Chris- ing conditions or political liberty tian men have a large influence in without a revolution.

some of the Korean newspapers Another factor tends to. under- and these papers are dictating the mine evangelical faith. Western new life. The movies are having a science is wide open before all the tremendous influence on the young students. The Government text- mind of Korea. American life as books are modern, for Japanese seen on the screen is setting a new scholars have gone to the extreme pace for the Orient. The young peo- in keeping up with Western think- ple of the Christian community are ing. Naturally agnostic from Con- not backward in these ideas. fucian influences, the Koreans have There is another intellectual a whole broadside of Spencerian stream pouring into Korea from agnosticism, materialistic mechan- the north. Political refugees flee ism, and anti-Christian propaganda to Siberia and these send and bring continually raining down about back Bolshevik ideas. There is them from Japanese sources.

doubtless an organized unity of ef- In the young Christian Church, fort uniting socialistic Japanese, these intellectual currents make Korean and Chinese with Russian life interesting for the plain old leaders who are only too eager to Korean pastors as they shepherd spread their communistic doctrines. their flocks. For example, Pastor The Korean jails are full of young Yum, of the Taiku West Church, Socialists at times, and among ·has about 1,500 adherents to his these some Christian students often organization. Most of them are are found. In our church work we poor and from the more ignorant occasionally meet youns- socialistic a~riculturallife of the community.

THE STRUGGLE OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS

They have been Christian for well-educated generation of pastors years. They can read and know must immediately work in with their Bibles well. They are hard these older faithful servants of God working, honest, faithful Chris- or turmoil will arise. But just at tians of the older generation. But this time, when the church schools there is also a group in this large should be doing their best work in church composed of college gradu- furnishing ample younger leaders, ates, teachers in the schools of poverty within the church and Govhigher learning, doctors from the ernment regulations have almost hospitals, business men, several overthrown the mission schools. hundred students and the progres- For several years, Korea missionsive element of the younger Chris- aries have been crying out despertian community. Pastor Yum has ately for financial help for educathe impossible task of preaching tional work to meet this very crisis. regularly to this congregation com- The schools have not all been saved posed of these two distinct ele- yet, and the chief appeal from Koments, riding two horses at once. rea today is for money for equip- His training amply qualifies him to ment and buildings which will enminister to the larger, older body able the mission schools to receive of his congregation, but the young- official designation as qualified er, progressive group, full of ideas schools so that their graduates can from the ends ·of the earth, tempted be granted standard diplomas. The with wild ideas from Russia, alert completion and maintenance of an to every failure to appreciate mod- adequate force of younger, well ern scientific knowledge as they equipped ministers for their wonhave gotten it in Japanese schools, derful Church is the most urgent is somewhat beyond him. task before the Korean Church to- day. All over Korea there are similar churches. This situation constitutes The evidences of God's direct a crisis for everyone of these older working in the midst of the turmoil pastors and a crisis for the whole and destruction of ancient Korea, Korean Church, for the younger, creating out of the best of the old DR. AVISION, PRESIDEN'£, AND THE NEW CHOSEN CHRIS'l'IAN COLLEGE At tbe lett are Mrs. PiersoIl and Rev. and Mrs. W. J. Anderson

Orientiallife, and Christianity, one awakened the nation to a new life purnew life in the body of the Church pose. The infusion of Christian ideals of Korea, are clear and inspiring. gave to it a new birth . . . The per- As Luther gave the Germans the sistently active minority have already Bible in their own tongue and re- made themselves felt among their nonmade Germany, the Bible Society Christian neighbors. The rebirth of a has given the Koreans the Word of nation in the heart of the Orient, the God in their own language in a rousing to new leadership of a people beautiful translation. This Bible once spiritual leaders in the Far East, has become the foundation of the who, through the fire of a new zeal new life of the great Christian com- are impelled to proclaim to others munity of Korea with its churches their new faith, is the story of Chrisand schools. Wherever among the tian expansion in Korea. nations that Bible has gone, the great teachings concerning God Dr. Paik's faith that "to the reand His loving control of the world generated Christian community the He created, the theistic conception future belongs" in his country, may of the universe, have set men free be better grounded than he realizes. and led them to an enlightened civi- It was only a few months ago that lization and ·power. The words of an unnamed writer in the New that Book, which have become the York Times gave it as his opinion daily meat of multitudes of Korean that Christianity had already atlives, have given a new moral sys- tained predominant influence retem to the world-sin as a personal ligiously in Korea. Out of the 20,- offence before God, truth as coming 000,000 Koreans, not more than from God, righteousness as the law 500,000, or one in forty, at the of God-these illuminated by the highest estimate can be regarded as Holy Spirit have brought repe)lt- really Christians. Nevertheless, if ance to Korea. Never did the Spirit hopeful, living, influential religion of God convict men of sin, of right- is meant, we may rightly regard eousness and of judgment more Christianity as the most vital repowerfully than in Korea. All Ko- ligion in Korea today. Just how rea, in fact all the world, has seen wide an influence Christianity also this and righteousness has a new has upon the multitudes who seem witness. to have no religious habits, it would be vain to guess. But the forty-six Professor L. George Paik, Ph.D., years of Evangelical Christian acin the final paragraph of his "His- tivity in Korea have been a large tory of Protestant Missions in Ko- factor in changing the mental and rea," sums up his conclusions as spiritual horizons of the whole nato conditions in his native land to- tion. day as follows: The Gospel of Grace that the Ko- When Korea was opened to the West, rean Church has found in the Bible, the greatest change wrought in the which centers in a Saviour able to life of the people was the introduction save them and all men, has filled of Christianity. Evangelical Christi- their lives with new hope and joy anity entered the country when it was and has inspired them to go out still an independent nation . . . An- to spread the Glad Tidings and to nexation in 1910 was only the culmi- reach helping hands of mercy and nation of the long processes of decay kindness to those about them peroriginating before the opening of the ishing with their ancient temples country. The intercourse of the West

THE STRUGGLE OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS

and hopeless religions. The glad profound witness to the Faith. songs of their great Sabbath con- The convictions that God is creatgregations, the power of their ing a Church for His own purposes Gospel preaching, the efficient in Korea fills the heart with wonder organization of their nation-wide and confidence. There are grave Sunday-schools, their home and problems, there are breakdowns foreign mission work, their gen- and heartaches, but they are not erous enthusiasm for better church the rule. The Korean Church is a buildings, their longing to educate glorious miracle of God's grace, their children, their loving com- full of promise and life in the midst munity fellowship all exhibit a di- of the present Oriental Renaisvine origin and control and are a sance.

.It WOMEN 'S SUNDAY-SCnOOL GA'l'HERING A'l' A COUNTRY CJIAPI~L , PYENGYANG THE SINGING OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS NOTHING stirred us more deeply in Korea than the singing of the Chris- tians. The voices were not melodious and they did not always keep the key, but the singing plainly expressed the aspirations of a fervent and genuine experience. Those Koreans sing as they pray- with all their hearts. Unfamiliar as the language is, a visitor is thrilled by the exultant ring of a living, joyous faith. The mud walls and the dark faces and all the strange surround- ings fade from view and one feels that he is no longer among strangers but in the household of Christian faith and love.

I have journeyed far and, have seen many places and peoples, but there still lives to my vision the humble chapels on those Korean hills, with worship- ping Koreans sitting oriental fashion on the fioor and I still seem to hear the unison of those eager voices as they sing; then follows the reverent petition of their leader as he prays for us all, while the white-robed worshippers bow with their faces to the fioor. ARTHUR J. BROWN.

A FORWARD STEP IN

BY DR. H. C. TUCKER, Rio de Janerio, Brazil Agent of the American mble Saciety T HE Protestant Pastors' As- of the Church's mission in the sociations in Rio de Janeiro world.

and Sao Paulo, Brazil, held Emphasis was also placed on the an important Evangelical Congress great need for more thoroughly April 30th to May 4th to discuss equipped native preachers, teachevangelism, Christian literature, ers and lay workers in all branches social service and training of lead- of church life. The need for apoloers. Three sessions a day were getic literature was stressed.

held in each of four leading On the last evening an audience churches, Presbyterian, Methodist, of a thousand or more filled the Congregationalist and Baptist. A auditorium of the new Baptist Methodist layman, former Gover- church, and the time was devoted nor of one of the States of the Re- to three-minute testimonies from public and member of the Federal members. Senate, Dr: Nestor Gomes, was elected President. The attendance This Congress was a striking, of the enrolled members and visi- concrete proof of the new contors varied from one hundred to sciousness springing up in the one thousand. young Church in Brazil. The rising Church on the field passes out of The twenty-five well-written the sphere of missionary control. papers, voluntarily presented by The various bra n c h e s of the Brazilian Christians, covered fif- Church realize more clearly the teen topics and presented a sug- need for cooperation in delivering gestive cross section of Brazilian to their fellow countrymen indievangelical thought. The six larg- vidually the message of the living est evangelical denominations in Christ and in making the impact Brazil were represented in the of the Gospel felt on the whole executive committee, the member- social and economic order of the ship, the authorship of papers, and in the discussions. Thus the Con- nation. gress represented the denomina- The best of the papers pretional elements of evangelical Christianity in the Republic. sented and the findings of the com- missions and the choicest of the Evangelism and the Gospel Mes- impressions given of the Congress sage were given first place on the would make a volume of great program and were emphasized as value to the Christian community of prime importance. There are in- and to many outside church circles, dications of an awakening interest if funds are available for their in real evangelism. The findings publication. One of the greatest on Social Service reveal a clearer obstacles to the intellectual life of comprehension of the principles the young Church is the lack of and message of the Gospel, and evangelical literature to win men the duty of the Church to society. to Christ and His way of life and The salvation of the individual was to enrich the spiritual life and given preeminence in the program build character in the Church.

492

THE POOR BE CHRISTIANS?

BY PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia Missionary of the Reformed Church in America T HE effort to satisfy and quiet We live in a world that is poor one's own conscience by con- and not rich. If I could take you fessing other people's sins is to Muscat you would see real pov- a favorite amusement the world erty in the hospital where I have over. We who reckon ourselves been working for the past two as of the conservative wing of years. How many beds do we have present-day Christianity are espe- in that hospital? None! The pa- cially guilty in that particular. I tients sleep on the floor. That have often heard the faults of need not excite our pity unreason- "modernists" discussed by conserv- ably for they do not know what a atives, but I do not recollect hear- bed is like. But of two hundred ing conservatives discuss the faults in-patients last year, not one had a of conservatives. It would be very mattress an inch thick under his . easy to say, why we are convinced body. They lay on those ha:rd that the extreme "modernist" has stones with nothing under them as little to contribute to the success of thick as my coat. Most of them lie foreign missions, but the pathetic on a little piece of cloth about as thing is that conservative evangeli- thick as your pocket handkerchief.

cal missionary forces seem to ac- They have not financial resources complish so little. The mission enough to put anything soft under fields are full of earnest evangeli- them. They have neyer had any- cal, conservative men, and we need thing soft in their life anywhere.

to consider how we can improve What do they eat? They scarcely the quality of our service, and eat anything. If a physiologist whether perhaps we do not need came from one of the American to understand more perfectly the universities and lived in Muscat he will of God, rather than castigate would need to revise his minimum our brethren who we think under- standards of living. He would stand it even less well than we. find that people can exist on less Consider what is the evangelical food than he supposed was possi- position in missionary work. We ble. Those Arabs come with their might mention three elements: resistance to disease so far reduced first, that we preach a message by chronic starvation that a tiny from God which is found in Christ; scratch on a man's ankle will grow second, that that message is ca- into an enormous ulcer three pable of producing repentance to- inches in diameter, in spite of all ward God and faith toward our I can do to stop that dangerous Lord Jesus Christ; third, that process. That man has not had this faith results in eternal life for enough to eat for ten years, be- any who accept it. That seems to cause that section of Arabia has be the merest platitude. As a mat- not had a normal rainfall for ten ter of fact, it is not a platitude. years. As a result the wells have • 'j'he second lecture tlelivered at Princeton dried up and the date gardens have Seminary in If'ebruary, 1931. died. The people who lived in that 493

district have moved away, some to desert, you would see a type of Zanzibar and some to Muscat. poverty equally severe. Here is a Some have died where they were, Bedouin tent made of black goat's and the country has become poorer hair. What furniture has it inside?

and poorer. When those men have It has three sticks crossed, with a a slight attack of diarrhea, a few skin basin on top, two or three days later they are taken out and water skins, and a battered, miser- buried. That is the chief cause for able-looking coffee pot. Over in mortality in the Muscat hospital. one corner there are one or two When men's resistance is so far re- quilts. They used to be red but duced from chronic starvation they now they are dirt color. They are simply cannot stand up against any only ragged pieces of wadded cot- type of infection. ton; that is all there is left. In Why do not these men keep a that tent lives a man and his wife little cleaner? They cannot keep and probably one child or two of clean. "Let them go and buy a the half dozen that have been born piece of soap in the bazaar for five there. Everyone of them is a pic- cents." They cannot buy a piece ture of marasmus and emaciation.

of soap in the bazaar for five You can count their ribs as far as cents. They have not the money. you cali see them. Those two chil- .

What does this man eat? Per- dren have lived because they were haps he had something to eat to- a little bit tougher than the half day because he picked up a little a dozen that died.

work in the bazaar. He carried This poverty is not confined to four or five sacks of rice from one Arabia. In India you would find shop to another and earned three a very large section of the popula- or four annas (5 or ten cents) so tion almost as poor as that. When he bought a piece of bread and a I first visited India I remember handful of dates. He may have sitting in the office of one of our had something to eat yesterday, missionaries who had charge of too, but the day before yesterday an industrial plant, and super- he did not, and he does not know vised the village work. Two In- whether or not he will have any- dian villagers came in. They were thing to eat tomorrow. He cannot outcastes, dusty and dejected, and go down and buy five cents worth as thin as matches. They stood of soap. there, wearing no clothes except a The community is so poor that loin cloth. The weight of all the it cannot be healthy. In Muscat, troubles of the world .seemed to where I work, most of the babies rest on their shoulders.

die. There is a good deal of tuber- This is the condition of the ma- culosis. There are all kinds of dirt jority of people with whom the and filth. Those men carry around missionary enterprise is concerned.

a large, well inhabited and prosper- That picture of poverty might ap- ous city in their hair and in their ply to large sections of the popula- clothes and in their bedding. The tion of China, of Persia, of Turkey, reason is the povert,,- of those peo- and of Africa. Missionaries work ple. What would you do if you among people that are poor, as a could not have a piece of soap all rule, not among those that are year long. rich. In Arabia the people are If I were to take you into the desperately and terribly poor.

CAN THE POOR BE CHRISTIANS?

Probably seventy-five per cent of among whom the m iss ion a I' y the missionary work in the past works. We must therefore adapt has been among the poor. our message and our work to meet This poverty is not a passing this situation.

condition. In Arabia the poverty What problem does that raise in is not due to the inefficient use of regard to the missionary enter- natural resources. We get, on the prise? Look at these people as average, one inch of rain a year in they lie on the floor in the Muscat the Arabian peninsula. That one Hospital. They cannot read and inch of rain governs the economic: they cannot write. They are dirty.

status of those people. It has not That man has not had a bath for changed since the days of Abra- six months, and his head is full of ham. If the Lord wills He can lice and his clothes the same. It is change it, as the Arab would almost impossible for him to be say, but He has not willed it for anything else. Can a man who is two thousand years, and there is too poor to keep clean be a Chris- no indication that He is going to tian? Can that Bedouin woman will it in the near future. If arte- out there in the desert that has to sian wells could be dug and pro- wash her hair in camel's urine be duce lots of water, the country a Christian? Is it possible for would be transformed, but it is not Christ to put radiant, eternal life likely that will happen. If oil is into the hearts of people who are discovered, it will be a different as poor as that? To my mind that country, but it is not probable. If is about the most serious problem physicists find some way to trans- that the evangelical missionary form sunlight into electrical energy enterprise faces today. Is it pos- then Arabia may some day become sible for such a man and such a the power house of the world, but I woman to be Christians?

do not suppose that will happen The Outcaste Villagers either. Arabia will some day be- come a Christian nation, or at Look at that outcaste Indian vil- least we will have a glorious Chris- lager. He does not read; he does tian church, but the country will not write; he works as a scaven- be as poor as it is now. ger or for a landowner. He has no When those Arabs become ear- clothes except a loin cloth, and per- nest Christians, the women of the haps an old cloak. He and his wife desert will still have to wash their and three or four children live in a hair in camel's urine, because there single room with a mud floor and is no water for that purpose. one little window, and a door. Can Babies would still die for lack of a family that lives that way be a suitable food because there is no Christian family?

suitable food there. The men I said to one of the leading mis- will look like gaunt, walking sionaries in South India, "Look at skeletons with a little skin on the this poverty around here."

outside, because there will prob- "Yes," he said, "but when a man ably be no more food to fatten them becomes a Christian, we educate after they are Christians than him and train him and get him into there is now. a better economic stratum than he The first picture I want you to was in before."

see is the extreme poverty of those The problem is this: can those

men be Christians in their present keep your temper." The Indian economic status'/ In Arabia, at does not think so.

any rate, when we have thousands The church in the East will be of Christians they will still be poor. oriental in its viewpoint and inef- Their economic status can not be ficient in the way it does its work.

raised very much by becoming If we say, "If a man cannot keep Christians. It must be possible to clean he cannot be a Christian be- have a church that is dirty; a cause cleanliness is an essential church membership that does not part of godliness," then at one get a bath once in three months on breath we have admitted that Hin- the average. Their hair is full of duism and Mohammedanism are undesirable citizens, because they religions better adapted to ninety cannot get soap and water. per cent of the people of India and Moreover, these Christians can- Arabia than is Christianity. We not read nor write and from your have admitted that Mohammed and standpoint and mine, their actions Krishna offer a better message for are childish and oriental. "What those people than Christ. do we mean by that '/" Here is an The average missionary will say, "Of course we will educate Indian who is working for a mis- those people." That is true. The sionary. Both are Christians. The mass movement in India creates a Indian is guilty of petty dishon- tremendous need for education. esty. Perhaps he told a lie and We take a low caste convert and took ten cents that did not belong by main force set him in an eleto him. The missionary lost his vated economic stratum, because, temper and scolded him. Later the according to the average run of missionary hears himself under missionary thought, he cannot be discussion, and the man who has a good Christian otherwise. Our been scolded says, "Now look at missionary educational institutions this. Just now the missionary are based on the belief that the caught me in a small fault. I had Christian community must be edutaken ten cents and I denied it. cated and that it cannot remain Then he lost his temper and scolded Christian otherwise. This means me. Now he thinks that he is a that their economic status must be Christian and I am not." raised if they are to be Christians.

To the Oriental, stealing ten Christ and the Poor cents is wrong and telling a lie is wrong, but it is not half as wrong This seems to be a departure as losing your temper. In the list from the will of God as represented of the fruits of the Spirit the sec- in the example of Christ, because ond place of importance, namely, Christ did not find much in com- the end of the list, is given to the mon with the rich. He threw His virtue of "self-control," but the vir- lot in with the poor. He said, tue of telling the truth has no place "Blessed are ye poor for yours is in that list of Christian virtues. the kingdom of God." I do not The fruit of the Spirit is love and suppose the poor people in Galilee joy and peace and long suffering, were clean then any more than they and it ends up with self-control. are clean now. Jesus said, "It is You say. "It is surely more impor- easier for a camel to go through tant to tell the truth than it is to the eye of a needle than for a rich

CAN THE POOR BE CHR.ISTIANS?

man to enter into the kingdom of church will appear as a result.

God." You and I would reverse What kind of a church? A church that and say, "It is easier for a that is to be made up of poor peo- camel to go through the eye of a ple, dirty people, people who can- needle than for a very poor man to not take baths, who smell bad, illit- enter into the kingdom of God." erate people who do not know much See how poor he is and how filthy about this world, who cannot read his house is and look how dirty he any newspaper—-childishly orien- is! How can he be a Christian? tal people. That is the way they That seems to be the meaning of look to us, though I do not suppose our present mission policy. there are any childish Orientals in We send out college trained mis- Christ's mind. But the vision be- sionaries and book-selling colpor- fore our eyes is a dirty church, an teurs and we organize schools and illiterate church, a childishly colleges for the education of the oriental church, and at the same converts. Whom do college trained time a church radiant with the missionaries most easily work eternal life of God Himself. Just among? Why of course among as certain as we gather in the college bred Arabs, only there are poor, as Christ wants us to, as none as yet.. They can find college Christ Himself attempted to do, trained Indians, and can work the church inevitably is going to among the most educated that a answer in a general way to that particular community contains. description.

I believe our mission in Arabia This raises at least two problems has a higher standard of language for us who are Christians, espe- attainment than any other with cially those whom God calls into which I am acquainted, yet I do not missionary work.

think that we have one missionary The first problem is the type of who is able to present the Gospel church we will try to produce. Will intelligibly to the wholly illiterate we try to reach the poor, the ninety classes. We present the Gospel to per cent of the population? Will men of education and refinement we try to reach the whole of the and travel because it is easier for people? Have we a faith in the for a camel to go through a needle's universality of Christ? Can eye than for a poor man to enter Christ save those who are poor, into the kingdom of God. We do the ninety per cent in India and not even know how those poor Arabia? Have we faith enough men's minds work, so we center to believe that this is possible?

attention upon those who are rich. The second problem is that of If, indeed, we gather in any poor, presenting the Christian message then we try to make them rich so to such men. I wish that you could that they can stay Christians. That see the simplicity and power of the is our present lack of faith. Mohammedan presentation to a What Kind of a Church ~ new community. Their creed is condensed into the simple words: ?I'

Now turn to what I regard as "There is no God but Allah."

the true vision which must be be- Babies are sung to sleep with that fore us when we undertake mission- creed before they know their ary work. We go out to the Orient right hand from their left. As to win disciples to Christ and the sailors work in Arabia and pull the 2

sails back and forth, they chant I doubt if there was a college grad- this creed; when laborers carry uate among them. I am rather their great burdens through the ashamed to think that I could sit bazaar, they chant this creed. through that service and not even When a sick man is ready to die, a say "Halleluiah" or "Thank the friend turns him on his side so that Lord." Those people were gaining he faces Mecca and leans over and by that kind of religious expres- shouts in his ear "Ashed," (Bear sion, reinforcement of their Chris- witness). That dying man, as he tian faith; and they were going out draws his last breath says: "There to be earnest and effective Chris- is no God but Allah." Then he tians in New York City.

tUrns over to die. Why might not poor people in The power of Mohammedanism Arabia and India be appealed to rests to no small degree in the more effectively by that type of simplicity and directness of its im- presentation? In Arabia, in the pact on the human mind. It has no days of the Mohammedan new year complexities. It is a simple Chris- celebration, I could show you some- tian message that we want; a mes- thing very significant. We have sage that is as direct and as two kinds of Mohammedanism- positive as' that. To carry out to the orthodox, geometrical, hyper- primitive and poor people the com- Calvinistic type – Sunniism – plexities ot" theological controversy where the sovereignty of God is is as intelligent as to take those emphasized to the obliteration of complexities to a class of six-year- everything else. We also have a old Sunday School children. We heretical development of Shiism need to teach them as we would there which resembles the Roman children – Who made you? God. Catholic Church in many ways. It Who saved you? Christ. A mes- has an elaborate ritual and a com- sage out there as positive and plicated system of saints. Ortho- simple as the Mohammedan mes- dox Mohammedanism is as color- sage. less emotionally as the stiffest What emotional coloring do poor Presbyterianism, whereas the more unlettered people like the world ritualistic Shiism is as emotional over? We conservative Christians as the Pentecostal church.

are too provincial. How many of At New Year in Arabia you will you have ever made it a point to see a tremendous procession and watch other types of religious ex- they have a theatrical representa- pression? In New York, not far tion of the sufferings of their from the Pennsylvania Station, saints, Ali and Hasan and Husain.

there is a Pentecostal church. If Here is a float with children dressed you would like new light on some in black and all crying most piteous- of these problems, attend the ly for water. Here is the corpse of a young people's service. You will sheep. His head is struck off just have a new sensation. The little before the procession starts and room is crowded with two hundred, the blood spurts out over a distance nearly all young people. When a of six, seven, or eight feet for the man leads in prayer, he has to first thirty or forty feet of the pro- shout to be heard, because their cession. A whole company of type of religious expression is very sword dancers dress themselves in vociferous. They are poor people. immaculate white robes and then

CAN THE POOR BE CHRISTIANS?

cut their foreheads with swords of an iceberg, has suffered defeat. as they march. Blood runs down That ought to be a lesson for us. all over those white clothes and What those people want is a relithey are a gory-looking mess. gion with an emotional outlet. The thing that would interest you That is a very unwelcome type of is the reaction of the thousands of doctrine to most missionaries of people who look on. They weep the Reformed Church. and sob, and during that week of celebrations there is an emotional Missionaries Who Weep outlet which surpasses anything I have ever seen. Throughout the What sort of a presentation of whole year they have readings the Gospel should we have? We about once a week where the same want some missionaries out there thing is done in a smaller way. I who can weep when they preach used to sit in an upstairs room in about Christ. That is a type of the house, that served us for a hos- missionary that we need added to pital in Katif, and watch them in the missionary force today. The the courtyard below. A man sits Indians weep easily. Why should upon a high, elevated chair, and he we insist upon committing the misreads in a lOUd voice. The men sit sionary enterprise to stoics who around and outside is a ring of have lost nine tenths of that women in black. They all sob and mobile, flexible sympathy that weep for half an hour. When the makes a religious message attracemotional outlet has been adequate, tive? Why should not men weep the service stops and it breaks up when they tell about Christ's sufwith handshaking and greetings. fering? The poverty-stricken peo- ple we work with out there are ap- In Arabia there is a steady drift pealed to by that presentation. from the orthodox Mohammedan- Why was it that Methodism swept ism of the desert, that geometrical America? It was not because of Calvinistic Sunniism that is the its stoical self-control! We need foundation of Islam, into the camp to learn from the past. of this ritualistic, highly emotional religion. There is no drift the What, then, are the implications other way. Wherever the two va- of an evangelical missionary enterrieties of religion co-exist, the la- prise? They are, first of all, a mesboring people and the artisians and sage suited to men that are poor the poor are Shiites, held by the and not to men who are rich, to emotional, ritualistic religion. The men who are illiterate rather than landowners and the ruling families to men who are educated, to men are generally the orthodox Sunnis. who are dirty rather than to men That means that the cheap, emo- who are clean, and an emotional tional faith of Ali, the Shiah rather than a stoical presentation, gospel, has won victory after and the vision of a church radiant victory over the orthodox, cold- with eternal life but oriental and blooded, philosophical Mohamme- different from ourselves. danism. There are millions of Shiites out there now. The Gospel That is going to take faith on of Christ is incredibly superior our part, and for those of us who from every point of view but, look forward to participating in dressed up in the emotional clothes the missionary enterprise it is go- ing to take preparation of a type different from what is taught in

the seminaries. You and I are en- from the notion that it depends gaged in carrying the Gospel not upon financial status and rememto a few but to everyone; we be- ber that Christ has His greatest lieve in the universality of Christ, love and His deepest interest in and we must 'become somewhat the poor. Therefore, we must have universal ourselves. It is our pro- our deepest interest and our greatvincialism that we must struggle est love for those that are poor. If against. We have clipped the mes- we do that, the missionary entersage down into our own measure, prise will be different, but it will and we must expand it to the meas- be according to the mind of Christ ure of Christ. We must free it and, therefore, it will be better.

"IF"-FOR MISSIONARIES "If you can hear God's call, when those about you Are urging other calls and claims on you: If you can trust your Lord when others doubt you, Certain that He will guide in all you do: If you can keep your purpose with clear vision, Bear lack of sympathy, yet sympathize With those who fail to understand your mission Glimpsing His world task through your Master's eyes, "If you can work in harmony with others Yet never lose your own distinctive aim, Mindful that ever among Christian brothers Methods and plans are often not the same: If you can see your cherished plans defeated And tactfully and bravely hold your peace, Nor be embittered when unfairly treated Praying that love and good-will may increase.

"If you can trust to native Christian brethren The church you've built in lands across the sea, Seeing in them, as your growing children Promises of the men that are to be: If you can lead these eager weak beginners By methods indirect, your life, your prayer, For failures and mistakes not judge as sinners, But make their growth in grace your earnest care.

"If you can share with the humblest folk your virtue: If noble souls are richer for your touch; If neither slights nor adoration hurt you, 'If all men count with you, but none too much': If you can fill your most discouraged minute 'With sixty seconds' worth of patience true; Yours is the task, with all the challenge in it, You'll be a missionary-through and through." -Evelyn H. Wal,ntsley. Nanking, China. (With apologies to Rudyard Kipling.)

KAGAWA-JAPANESE

TO THE POOR* BY THE REV. H. W. MEYERS, D.D., Kobe, Japan Missionary of the Prcsbytcriflln Ohurch, South, 189"1 M ANY people have tried to de- up by relatives in the adjoining scribe Kagawa by compar- island of Shikoku. Here he went ing him with St. Francis, through the primary schools, and with Gandhi, or Sundar Singh, at the age of thirteen he came to with Gompers, or Origen, or with live with a wealthy uncle in the city some medieval mystic or fiery mod- of Tokushima, entering the middle ern evangelist. But Kagawa is dif- ferent; you must construct a brand new pigeonhole if you expect to fit him into it, and after you have fin- o ished, as likely as not, you will find him sitting on the outside. You can describe him as a poet, a novelist, an economist,a philosopher, a Christian socialist, a philanthro- pist,a statesman, a labor-leader, a mystic, a pastor, an evangelist, or a modern saint. And when you have said all this, I still wonder if the pigeonhole is big enough to hold your man.

Kagawa first saw the light and raised his voice in protest against the indignities and discomforts of this wicked world in July, 1889, and he has been protesting with a good deal of effectiveness ever since. His family was old and wealthy, but his father had lost heavily in specUlation on the rice market, and had turned to an ex- press company fOir his living. The standard of strict monogamy was school one year below the legal age rarely maintained among the upper limit. He inherited a good mind, a classes in Japan forty years ago, frail body, a legacy of wealth and and young Kagawa's mother was success, and a tradition of decidednot his father's legal wife. In such ly lax morals. His was not the encases the child was commonly vironment from which one would adopted, especially where the legal expect to find a great moral leader. wife-as in this case-had no children. So Toyohiko was adopted by My first contact with Toyohiko his father and sent to be brought was in the home of Mr. Katayama, a Christian teacher of English in a *From lVorld Dominion, London. middle school, who called on the 501

little fellow to show his proficiency posterous, and could not be con- in English by reciting the story of sidered seriously. Among young how Kate rescued a train from de- Toyohiko's many excellent qualities struction in a midnight storm. might be counted an exceedingly Toyohiko's first touch with Chris- hard head, and the family failed tianity came through Mr. Kata- utterly to make him move an inch yama, and through an English from his decision. At last his uncle Bible class; his keenness for Eng- told him that if he wanted to throw lish insured his regular attendance his life away in any such manner, at the class. One Sunday he ar- he could get out of the house. They rived at my home in a state of great would have nothing more to do excitement, and began to sob as he with him! And so he was turned tried to tell me what was the mat- out of his home without a penny. ter. He had just read the story of A very few years later he came the Cross of Christ, and, like the back to Tokushima as the guest of the city, and was greeted with an Apostle Paul, the love of Christ arch of triumph, and fireworks, as constrained him. That Sunday was the city's most distinguished citithe turning point in his life. A zen! few months later he was baptized, and from the'first he was intensely What was it that lead this boy of eighteen to give up the life of ease active in the Sunday-school and in and success that his family planned all the work of the church. His for him? What has inspired all the whole nature responded to the ap- great renunciations through the peals of Christian love, sympathy and purity. Though still a mere ages, from Moses to Saul of Tarsus, and on down to Francis of Assisi, boy, he was always ready to take and Charrington's renunciation of part in the church services or in the brewery millions in our own street meetings. time? We can only say that it was the call of God and a vision of serv- The next crisis in Kagawa's life ice. came at his graduation from the middle school, when the question of That first summer was spent in his further study and life work my home, and for two months we arose. He had graduated third in were together constantly, teaching, his class of a hundred and fifty, and the only reason he failed to lead preaching, visiting and making bithe class was that he had been read- cycle tours through the country. In ing omnivorously outside the cur- the autumn he was sent to Meiji riculum. His teachers and family Gakuin, a Christian college in Torecognized that he had a brilliant kyo, where, after some vicissitudes, mind, and they expected him to he was graduated two years later.

acquire fame and fortune in public The next step was his theological life. Imagine their indignation and education in the seminary in Kobe, disgust when he announced his de- which was interrupted by an attack cision to become a Christian min- of tuberculosis and an enforced ister! His uncle had been mayor year at the seaside. During this of the city and a member of the year, spent among the fisher folk House of Peers. His father had held of Gamagori, in a hut that he rent- an office corresponding to a cabinet ed for fifty cents a month, Kagawa minister. This idea of becoming a learned two great lessons that have Christian minister was simply pre- helped to shape his after life. More

TOYOHIKO KAGAWA-JAPANESE APOSTLE TO THE POOR

than once he came face to face with to live in one of those six-foot death, and learned that for him it rooms in the slums? Some of his had no terrors. His whole after life people were hungering for a better has been spent with the conscious- life, and there was not one spot ness that he has "crossed the death- where they could be free from the line," as he expressed it. The other temptation and evil about them.

great lesson that he learned was to We felt that he would not live three know and love the poor people months if he went to the slums, among whom he lived. He wrote where the death rate was six times their letters, taught their children, the rate in healthy parts of the sympathized with them in their city. But he went, and spent nine troubles, and learned the details of years witnessing for Christ among the family skeletons that were to be outcasts, lepers, beggars, gamblers, found in almost every home. thieves and murderers. And this In his last year in the seminary was a young aristocrat, brought his health was better, but he was up in the home of a millionaire!

still far from well. Kagawa had As his work and influence grew, been going down every afternoon the first room soon became too to the Shinakawa slums and small to hold those who came to preaching to the crowds on the him, so a second and a third room street corners. In this section is were rented, and the partitions be- the famous-or infamous-Htwo- tween them were pulled down, mat" district, in which there are making a fair-sized assembly room.

hundreds of one-roomed houses, Sympathetic friends felt that it each room six feet square, contain- was a privilege to have a part in ing two of the three-by-six-foot such a work, and gifts amounting mats found in all Japanese houses. to a considerable sum were sent to These houses face upon alleys three him by Japanese as well as foreign- to six feet wide, that are filthy be- ers. But for a long time Kagawa yond description. Sometimes fam- lived on about a dollar and a half ilies of five or six persons are found of American money a month, giv- living in one of these tiny houses in ing away many times this sum to which babies are born, invalids the poor and suffering about him.

languish and the sick die, all in In the cold weather he would give crowded confusion. Naturally most away all his clothes except what he of the inhabitants of this human was actually wearing. In order to rabbit warren are the very poor, make it possible to get his clothes the unemployed, the sick and the washed he kept an extra suit at criminal. What chance has a girl my home where he could not give it or boy in such surroundings to away, and we made him come up grow up clean and healthy? and have a change once a week.

Kagawa preached on the street Kagawa's day in the slums usual- corners to jailbirds, gamblers, ly began at six in the morning with prostitutes and drunkards. His a preaching service on the streets, words brought many to conviction at a spot where the laborers gath- and tears, and they would beg him ered before going out for the day's to help them to live a better life. work. This was followed, by a What could we in the seminary do round of visits to the sick, giving when he came asking permission to financial aid to as many as pos- leave the dormitory, and go down sible. He conducted and financed

scores of funerals. He took in all was old man Maruyama, perhaps who asked for a place to sleep until the laziest mortal that ever existed.

there was no more space on his Out of the goodness of his heart floors, and occasionally one of his Kagawa took the old fellow in, guests would depart, carrying off after which he refused to work or some of his few belongings. Not even to beg. He would just sit infrequently he would have a guest around and eat and sleep, and suffering from some loathsome dis- scratch. Then, there was the tiny ease. One young fellow conceived baby whose mother died, whom Ka- the bright idea that he would like gawa temporarily adopted. He got to be employed as a sort of superin- some condensed milk and fed it, tendent, drawing a salary and but he succeeded none too well, and wearing a suit of foreign clothes. as soon as possible sent it on to its Kagawa gave him his only suit of relatives living elsewhere. "The foreign clothes, an old school uni- baby wept, and I wept," he told me form, but there was no salary to in recounting this experience.

be had even if the fellow had been But along with these bitter exthe right man for such a position. periences in the slums, there were Finding his requests refused, he many that made his heart glad. went out and· drank a lot of sake, There was the bean-curd peddlar bought a vicious short sword, broke Veda, who came to Kagawa after into the room where a prayermeet- drinking and gambling away everying was being held, and threatened thing he possessed except the very to kill Kagawa and all the rest. He dirty shirt that was his only gar- kicked over the hibachi aNd scat- ment. In a drunken brawl he had tered coals of fire about the room! received a gash across his face that He was finally pacified and gave up caused his eyes to point in different his sword, which I have in my desk directions, and made him look like now. Kagawa did not want to have the cut-throat he really was. Veda it in his house. was really converted and became Another of Kagawa's uncomfort- a power of righteousness in the able protegeS was a big, burly slums. He soon "made good" finan- gambler, named Kodera. He had a cially, and until God called him complete gambler's outfit of cards home he was an earnest Christian and dice, and had served several and an effective street preacher.

terms in prison after police raids Among the brightest pictures in on his games. He was touched by my memory are some of the meet- Kagawa's preaching, and in a peni- ings held in those Shinakawa slums tent moment handed over his cards of Kobe. The Sunday mornirig -to which I fell heir, as in the meeting for worship was regularly case of the big knife. But Kodera held at six o'clock, as this was the had no real change of heart-and quietest hour of the day. In sum- he looked with greedy eyes at the mer it was earlier. On Sunday money which he saw Kagawa hand- nights evangelistic services were ing over to the sick and starving. held, when the room would be When Kagawa refused him a packed. On Wednesday nights a "loan" of fifty yen, the big fellow prayer meeting was conducted, knocked him down and went out in and on other nights a night school a rage. was held and the boys who attended Another very troublesome fellow were given regular high school

TOYOHlKO KAGAWA-JAPANESE APOSTLE TO THE POOR

courses in a number of branches. a series of articles entitled, "Japan One of these slum boys now holds Seen Through a Crack," which exan important position in the city cited much interest. His first book employment bureau, and is an in- of real importance was entitled fluential Christian. I used to help "The Psychology of Poverty," to teach classes in English in this which was an original study of night school. life among the poor, with a pro- gram of reform. This was a rather The prayer meetings which were expensive book, but it sold through held there were unique, and some- scores of editions, and established times positively thrilling. Imagine his reputation as an authority. One sitting in a circle on the fl-oor with worthy official in social work used fifteen or twenty men and women, a whole chapter of this book, witheach one of whom had a criminal out acknowledgment, as part of his record or a tragic history. Most of own report. them had served one or more terms in prison for gambling, theft or But the one book that did most murder. Some of the women had to establish his fame and extend his been prostitutes. Some had hus- popularity was an autobiographical bands in prison. There was one novel called Shisen Wo Koete, or whose hubsand had been in a gam- "Across the Death-line." This book bling party when the police raided sold through nearly four hundred the place. He made a wild dash editions, and brought its author an for the stairs, tripped on the top income of thirty thousand yen for several years, all of which he gave step and broke his neck as he fell away as fast as he received it. to the bottom. The hymns sung at Great numbers wrote and told him these prayer meetings might be de- that they had decided to become scribed as making a joyful noise to Christians through reading this the Lord. They could hardly be book. Its popularity has insured a called music. And the prayers were wide reading for all the books he such as I have never heard any- has since written, numbering nearwhere else. Those people had never ly fifty in all. As an illustration of heard of the formal "prayer lan- Dr. Kagawa's versatility, at the guage," so they talked to the Lord time when this novel was being in their own everyday speech. printed he had three other books in the press: a book -of poems, an es- They would tell the Lo'rd with ap- sayan economics, and a book called palling frankness of their sins and "How to Teach the Life of Christ temptations, and beg for God's to Children." The range of his instrength to gain the victory over terests and the extent of his knowthese sins. There was a grim ear- ledge are most remarkable. nestness about it all that made one feel oneself in the very presence of After nine years in the slums he God. went to America, where he spent two years in study at Princeton While living in the slums, Toyo- and 0 the r institutions, making hiko Kagawa, through his writings, friends everywhere, and adding to gradually gained a wide circle of his enormous stock of encyclopredic friends and admirers all over the knowledge. Returning to Japan, country. He visited all the large he spent his first night among his cities of Japan, investigating the old friends in the slums, taking up conditions of the poor, and wrote for one of the largest daily papers

the work where he had laid it down During one of Dr. Kagawa's two years before. trips abroad, he was brought in contact with the Huguenot Church A new era was opened in Kaga- of France. He was told of their wa's life when he entered politics, churches and schools, their colleges and undertook to organize a labor and seminaries, their distinct literparty throughout the country, and ature and culture in a land that to raise the standard of living was largely Catholic or irreligious. among the working classes. He be- With a million or so members, they gan to organize labor unions every- are able to maintain and develop where, published a labor magazine, their religious life successfully, The and inaugurated a campaign for thought occurred to him that unless universal suffrage and for a change the Church in Japan can get a in the government's repressive attitude toward all labor movements. backing of a million members it The price he paid for this political can never maintain its position and activity was two weeks' imprison- wield its proper influence in that ment, several fines for dangerous country. With this thought in mind sentiments discovered in his writ- he returned to Japan to inaugurate ings, and an undeserved reputation a nation-wide evangelistic movefor being a dangerous radical. But ment, called at first the Million the interesting part of all this is Souls Movement, and later the Kingdom of God Movement. Dr. that his campaigns succeeded. The Kagawa is himself the soul and property qualification was removed center of this movement, and he and the franchise extended to near- has brought the message of the ly the entire male population. Fac- Gospel to vast crowds in all the cities of Japan. In addition to the tory laws were radically revised, spoken 'word, many hundred thouhours of labor were cut down and sands of his evangelistic books have living conditions were revolution- been sold wherever his meetings ized under Kagawa's leadership. At the same time, those in author- have been held. ity in Tokyo began to find out that this supposed radical was really In considering the life and work a constructive statesman, and a of Dr. Kagawa, it should never be mighty defence against the attacks forgotten that his work has been done in the midst of bodily weakof the followers of Karl Marx. ness, severe illness, and difficulties One of Dr. Kagawa's lines of ac- and handicaps that would have in- capacitated most of us. He has tivity is in the organization of a written a beautiful little book society which he calls Iesu no To- called "The Remaining Thorn," or mo, or the "Friends of Jesus." the "Blessing of Affliction," in Some of the members have never which he tells of his own sufferings been baptized as members of any from tuberculosis, from dire povchurch, though of course the great erty, from gradually approaching majority are church members. It blindness and a dozen other afflicis a band of men and women scat- tions, and of how the Lord turned tered all over the country who dedi- each of these "thorns" into blesscate their lives to following Jesus ings, and enabled him to rejoice in in helping their fellow men. The organization is of the simplest, but them all. the fellowship and the service are real.

A NEW ADVENTURE WITH CHRIST *

BY THE REV. PAUL J. BRAISTED, Judson College, Rangoon SOMEONE has said that we through the maze of our jangling have offered the world of our aspirations saying, "I am come that day a "Saviour too small for ye may have life and have it abun- the tragic necessities of life." dantly"?

The "tragic necessities of life," There is no cause for pessimism, how the phrase haunts US! To say unless our faith is inadequate for that a new world has come into be- the present demands-those "traging has become so commonplace a ic necessities of life." Any shallow thought that we are inclined to optimism will only lead us down neglect its urgency and true signif- long paths of bewilderment, and icance. This new day is not the sorrow and embittering disappointarena of conflicting world religions ments. But if we have learned as it has been in some periods of something of the fullness of Christ, recent history. Our new day has of His rugged simplicity, of His brought into startling clearness the deep interest in the actual problems necessity for facing the facts of of life, and if we have caught His life. The conflict is not between the spirit with its great natural affinity various faiths, but it is between the to human need, we are called indeed moral materialism, with the sub- into a new adventure with Him. sequent agnosticism of scientific But it must be an adventure with materialism, on the one hand, and Him, as He will lead. We must be the world of spiritual realities on prepared for new alignments, the other. This is the day when changing emphases, radical read- Christ should come into His own. justments it may be, anything at For here He stands, not the de- all, if so be that He may be known, fendant of His system over against and shared, and loved by our fellowother systems, but face to face with men of this day. human need. Here Christ is found living, creative and life-giving. The intellectual climate of the day is frankly sympathetic. It is We who are in Burma as His seldom hostile. A leading article ambassadors, are called by our in one of our Rangoon dailies is of modern kalredoscopic civilization to peculiar interest. It was entitled, a new adventure. Ours is the task "What ought we to believe?" Note of vitally relating Christ to human the question. It has nothing of the needs in its tragic necessity. What attitude of rejecting all beliefs or has Christ to say to human need? hostility to them. It seems to ask What will His attitude be to those us, what can we believe? What is who feel bound in the unsatisfying it necessary for us to believe? What and dim chambers of a seemingly tests can we place for our beliefs? inevitable agnosticism? What is To what extent can we believe? Its His mind? Do we hear Him speak- attitude is frank and earnest, but ing the words of liberation, of its final resting place, admittedly peace, of power, of new life! Is unsatisfactory, is an unstable ag- He not even now calling down nosticism.

• Extracts from an address delivered before This is but half the story. There the Baptist Missionary Conference in Rangoon.

507

is a brighter part, and one of When the rugged, stark realities of far greater significance. The writ- life wring from me the cry of hu- er of the above mentioned edito- man fallibility and utter need, what rial sees clearly that this is an age I want is someone who will put my which is seeking reality.. hand in the hand of my Father, Weare living in a world frankly God. I need Him. Nothing else will disillusioned, and ill at ease, dis- touch my deepest needs. And it is turbed at the loss of that which here that Christ brings me the cer- alone can make life completely tainty I need. For when I am near worth while. Agnosticism might be Him, and when the fellowship of a hard and cruel thing, unbending His gentle spirit is unclouded 1 before any appeal of religion or ex- know myself to be near to God.

perience or the spirit world. But We do not often think of the this recent agnosticism is a differ- other aspect, God's search for man. ent thing. It is eager, it is wistful, But there is the greater truth, that it is on a search. It is hopeful that the loving heart of the Eternal is some way may be found for belief. out to reach us and bring us into a It is half expectant that the future full life of fellowship which shall will hold some new belief which mean life in its overflowing fullwill bring back into life all the ness. The Father seeks us down the beauty that it may contain. Here long years through a humiliating is willingness to believe and an incarnation, across the plains of anxious search after that which our human aspiration and need, may be safely believed. into the long nights of human guilt This is the day in which to turn and sin and despair, and finally men's hearts and minds to Christ, toils up a lonely Calvary that His not only encourage them to study love might be blazoned to all the His teachings, and become familiar world. Here then is love. Here is with the events of His life, but we must demonstrate in an appealing something big enough to meet our way the life which is in fellowship need and the need of the whole with the ever living and preser!t race. Robert E. Speer has said that Christ. What is desperately need- every discovery of God on the part of man must of necessity be a reveed in the present situation is Life; lation on the part of God. This is and Life can only be communicated a very profound truth. What is through lives, lives saturated with the aspiration and upward surge of Him, and radiant with His love the human heart but the irresistiand health. I know of no way in ble drawing of Him who said that which darkness and death can be He would draw all men unto Himchanged except by Christ. self. Christ in His great work is In India I used to find large num- trying to bring men to the Father's bers of Indians eager to discuss the heart. And on the other hand in different ways to God. Their at- Him we see the Father reaching titude was that of admitting any out to draw men, to uncover His new way to God if only the other essential nature. In Christ we have alleged ways to God were not de- all. There is one place where hu- nied. These discussions about the man need and the loving heart of number of ways to God are futile. the Eternal meet, and that is in It ends in intellectual gymnastics. Christ. BY LOIS J. ELDER, New York Travel£ng Seoretary of the Student V"I1lnteer MQvement I T HAS been said that each gen- may in their turn "junk" the re- eration returns to the ideas of ligion, morality, and thought of its grandfathers. While this their immediate predecessors as simple statement might rightly be thoroughly as their fathers challenged, still. if we are closely scrapped that which preceded to examine the present trends in them. Such people as Dr. Harry thinking among college students, it Elmer Barnes and Mr. H. L. can be found to possess a modicum Mencken, greet this reversion to a of truth for us now. We have been "midVictorianism" of thought reminded over and over, almost ad with alarm; others hail it with a nauseam, of the reaction against deep sigh of relief; still others all orthodoxy, religious or secular, wonder whether this destructive which came at the end of the peri- process must again be repeated or od dominated by the ideas of the if, given proper direction, we may ultra-conservative, pre-war genera- hope that they will strike more of tions. The next generations re- a happy balance between over-con- jected the orthodoxy of this group servatism on the one hand and un- because they knew that it did not checked liberalism on the other.

possess all of the truth concerning Christian missions were among religion and life. They rejected the many aspects and expressions the partial and, to them, mistaken of religion which were subjected comprehension of God, the morbid to the destructive criticism of the and "repressed" morality, the ways post-war generation. Naturally of thinking and what was to them people who were avowedly social- the" incomprehensible vocabulary istic and humanistic in outlook of the Victorian generations. This could not readily understand, still reckless junking of old ways and less fervently support, a program thoughts did achieve for men a whose slogan was "The evancommendable freedom of interpre- gelization of' the world in this tation of their lives but it also generation" and which was moti- helped to establish a materialistic vated by a zeal to redeem the regime in a world ruled by science heathen 'peoples of the earth by and big business. We now shudder preaching Jesus Christ and Him at the results. crucified. The emotional motiva- At present, however, a new tion of such an undertaking was as group of students is entering into foreign to them as was the vocab- another era of life and thought. ulary in which the purpose was ex- They are again questioning the pressed. Therefore we had a sharp conclusions of this modern group decline in the missionary enter- and are looking for their own an- prise which showed itself in the swer to the everlasting question, failure of the home churches to "How shall we live?" To many support the existing missions fi- thoughtful and well informed ob- nancially, and in a marked de- servers it seems that these students crease in the number of students 609 who offered themselves as candi- sharing. Whatever the reason or dates to carryon and advance the thought behind it, the fact is that mission work. For some time it students today are becoming gen- has taken a great deal of optimism uinely, if slowly, refired with mis- and steadfast belief on the part of sionary passion.

the faithful missionary leaders not Another contributing factor to to resign themselves to the popular the recent unpopularity of missions belief that foreign missions were, has been the current misconcep- if not already, "done for," at least tions of methods used in the enter- very rapidly coming to that state. prise. Much of the prejudice against In the eyes of the average young most causes can be attributed to person the movement was passe ignorance of the fundamentals un- and anyone who was naive enough derlying those causes. So it has to believe in it or fanatical enough been with missions. Many of the to give his talents to promoting people here at home, who have been the work on the field, could be most destructive in their violent treated only with an amused con- criticism of missions, have been tempt. Missions. and missionaries those who knew little or nothing were not "modern"; they could about the real workings of the mis- not in the very nature of things be sion. Somewhere or other they considered "liberal" in thought have gained the impression that and, worst of all, they were guilty the only interest of aU missionaries of the heinous offense of trying to is a "nose counting of saved souls"

force their ideas about religion and and that the only means taken to life on other peoples who should be achieve that end is that of exhor- left free to practice their own be- tation. Their common conception liefs. On these and many other of a missionary is that of a pale, scores missions were tried by this long-faced, black-clad, militantly "modern" and "liberal" genera- "holier-than-thou" person who tion, found guilty, and sentenced knows little and cares less about to die a natural and rather rapid present trends in world relations death. and world thought. We can little But now these same people who blame anyone for not being at- are being alarmed at the thought tracted to such a picture of mis- of the contemporary reversion to sions and missionaries-I doubt what they label as a midVictorian whether I have painted it in strong philosophy of life might be just as enough colors. During the last few surprised to find that the body of months my time has been given to missions in which life was thought traveling around among the col- virtually extinct is beginning to leges and universities of the United show renewed life to a startling States and I have naturally met degree. It would seem that these hundreds of people who might fair- present students think that possi- ly represent the average point of bly these "moderns" have been as view. Many of these people have mistaken about missions as about frankly admitted to me that they other things and that it is perhaps had always held just such an opin- an enterprise which has something ion of missions. But the hopeful real to offer to them and the world thing about it all is that most of at large and one in which they them seemed quite willing to might find a real satisfaction in change their attitudes after they had listened to a presentation of have had another experience which the widely inclusive program of seems to me to be cause for re- modern missions and found that it joicing on the part of those gen- embraces work as varied as the uinely concerned over present in- agricultural work done by Sam terest in missions. Frequently Higginbotham in Allahabad, India, when I was to speak before a stu- the educational work done in the dent body the learned older profes- mission schools from Kobe, Japan, sor in charge of the program would to Santiago, Chile, and the power- take me aside and say kindly, ful evangelistic and social work of "Now, if I were in your place, I a Kagawa. would tell them something about But here again we find a differ- Persian life and customs in a gen- ence in the attitudes and reasons eral way and not say anything for attitudes on the parts of the about missions. I know from past younger students. Due to various experience that if you say that you factors the students entering col- are going to talk about missions lege just now are much better in- that half of them will go to sleep formed about the nature of mis- and the other haIf will put books sion work and are, therefore, more up in front of their faces and pro- kindly disposed toward it than ceed to study their lessons during those of the last generation or two. your talk." I have replied quite They have grown up, to be sure, kindly but firmly that I would like under the tutelage of this older and to try and see whether they would bitterly opposed generation and act in this way (just to carryover therefore are somewhat predis- some of our beloved scientific meth- posed to look upon missions od of trial and error, if for no other through their eyes. But an in- reason). In every case the profes- creasing percentage of them have sor and I, and perhaps the students a passing knowledge of the various also, have been pleasantly sur- kinds of mission work and of the prised to find that we have had kind of person who is best quali- neither a study hall nor a class in fied to undertake this work. Many relaxation while they had a chapel of the students have read and talk on missions. It is quite true thrilled over such books as "The that in talking to them about mis- Splendor of God," "Aggrey of Af- sions I have used a vocabulary rica," "Seven Thousand Emer- (minus some of the more flagrant alds," and "Waste Basket Surgery" and jangling forms of collegiate to mention only a few of the more slang) which was approximately commonly read books. This read- the same as that which they use on ing may be limited in its scope and the campus. None of us could get may not present an all around pic- excited enough about some cause ture of missions, but who would to give our lives to it if we heard say that it is not encouraging to that cause presented in Latin or find them reading even a limited some other language with which amount of such reliable and en- we had only a bowing acquaint- lightening literature on modern ance.

missions? This is a big step in ad- My conclusions, after a brief vance of the lack of information of but rather intensive acquaintance their fathers. with students during the last few Several times during this year I months, would be: First, that the advance guard of ward missions and are becoming the more thoughtful of the younger more and more willing to give the students just now, having found cause a hearing and, after the hearthat the scientific attitude toward ing, their allegiance. Most of them life is far from being either wholly are still too much under the influsatisfactory or from offering the ence of their sociology to adopt any entire solution of human well being such slogan as "The evangelization and happiness, is turning back to- of the world in this generation" but ward that way of thought which there is one minor prophet who characterized the people one gen- would like to predict that, even eration removed in the past. while they keep the sociological background, they will eventually Second, I believe that, as they espouse a missionary cause-and change their outlook on the other possibly adopt another missionary phases of religious life, just so are slogan with a great significance. they changing their attitudes to- A DAYBREAK PRAYER-MEETING IN KOREA BY MRS. W. D. REYNOLDS, Pyengyang, Korea ADAYBREAK prayer-meeting in Korea is a never forgotten sight and thrill. Before the time for service to begin, we are obliged to enter by the pulpit door, as there are no seats elsewhere. We see one thousand women sitting as close together on the floor as they can get-a veritable sea of white headdresses. On the other side of the church are about five hundred men.

All are sitting quietly waiting for the speaker to begin. There is no oonfusion, no whispering. All sit quietly, hugging themselves, for the early mornings now are cold.

Evangelist Kim Ik Dan begins with a hymn, prayer, and the Scripture. He speaks earnestly and sometimes dramatically. There is not a sound in the audience except an occasional cough and now and then a baby is heard, but its mother quickly quiets it with a little of nature's good baby food, and nobody is disturbed.

The evangelist calls for everybody to pray and immediately a burst of sound like the roaring of waves fills the church, yet there is no excitement or confusion. After about five minutes of this prayer, Pastor Kim begins to sing, and all join. At the close of the hour he says, "Those who must leave, please go out quietly." A number, mostly women, rise quietly and leave. He then continues talking or praying or answering questions as long as anybody remains.

This wonderful scene is in a city which thirty-five years ago had never heard the Gospel. Evangelist Kim is a magnetic, earnest and dramatic speaker. He goes about alone to fill his engagements-no choir, no pianists, no assistant teachers. He carries the simple message of the Gospel.· During the evangelistic meetings he has conducted the 6 a. m. prayermeeting, two Bible classes each morning from 10 to 12, at 6: 30 p. m. he preaches for an hour at the Central church to a packed house, and then goes to the West Gate church and preaches at 8 p. m. to about 1,500 people.

During one of his Bible classes, a man a-sked him why God did not speak directly to us as he did in days of old. At once Pastor Kim said, "Come up here, brother." The man went up, and Pastor Kim made him come up in the pulpit where all could see him, and then he held his open Bible close to his face and said, "God is speaking to you in these sixty-six books; what more could you want?"

KEMP (STANDING) AND TilE S'l'UDENTS AT THE AUCKLAND

A "SCHOOL OF THE PROPHETS"

IN NEW ZEALAND Spiritual Training in the New Zealand Bible Training Institute A FEW years ago the Baptist Hostel was opened on March 1, Tabernacle at Auckland, New 1923, with five resident students. Zealand, was the scene of a With no proper dormitory or class spiritual quickening which called rooms, and with very limited ac- together daily a number of kindred commodation the housing condisouls for prayer. Once a week a tions were far from ideal. few ladies met to pray that the way might open for the establish- A building overlooking the West- ern Park was secured and adapted ment of a Bible school for the to the work but soon became very training of Christian workers. inadequate. Every available space There was need for such a school was required for use as sleeping in New Zealand. A meeting of quarters. business men was called and the Both men and women soon outpastor, Rev. Joseph W. Kemp, laid grew their quarters. In answer to the project before them. As a re- earnest prayer, and through the suit sufficient support was prom- generosity of the friends of the Inised to justify publicity being stitute, a site was purchased and given to the project. There was a simple but well equipped fireopposition and it was clear that if proof building was erected and Satan could have prevented the opened free of debt on August 20, launching of the Institute he would 1927. The large attendance at the have done so. Finally the Insti- opening attested the place which tute was opened on March 1, 1922, the work had gained in the con- with six young men students and fidence of the Christian people of four young women registered as New Zealand. This new home pro- nonresident students. Further ap- vides separate rooms for about plications were received, and in a sixty students. One wing is deshort time the number had grown voted to women, and the other to to thirteen. A Young Women's men. It has also a dining room, 3 513

kitchen, lecture room, social rooms, the "Personal Christian Life" administration offices and accom- course, many problems are faced modations for the staff. Ever since and the Word of God brought to the opening the Institute has been bear on the life and walk of the filled with a fine body of students. believer, often with revolutionary The Institute is in no sense in force. The monthly all-day of competition with existing theo- prayer is a strong factor in this logical schools or denominational development. colleges. While it does not attempt Previous to the establishing of to give only academic training, the the Institute young men and young preparation received is by no women desiring such training had means superficial. Tho r 0 ugh to seek it either in America or Auscourses are provided for a prac- tralia. Now New Zealand can tical knowledge of the English train its own workers and the Bible. This is preeminent. Not graduates testify to the great help only are the students instructed in received for service both in the what the Book contains but they home field and in foreign missions. are also encouraged to test for These young men and young womthemselves the truth of its con- en are now serving in India, China, tents. Such a study gives the stu- the Sudan, Mexico, Papua, Solodents a comprehensive grasp of the mon Islands, AUstralia, South entire Scriptures, with opportu- America, and Canada. Several are nity for original search. The books ministers of different denominaof the Bible and the great doctrines tions in New Zealand and some are dealt with systematically and work among the Maoris. The definite recognition is made of dis- course on Missions gives those in pensational truth. New Testament this "School of the Prophets" a Greek is also studied and current world-wide vision. The Institute, theological problems are met in lec- being interdenominational, works tures on the Bible and science, in harmony with all Evangelical criticism, evoIutinn, and false re- Churches and Christian Missions ligions. Students are not left in which are true to the Faith. doubt as to the truth and have to The faculty of the Institute is meet forces destructive of faith. made up of those of unquestioned The study of practical methods of loyalty to Christ and the Bible and Christian work includes sermoniz- thoroughly competent as teachers. ing, evangelism, prayers and other The Rev. Joseph W. Kemp, pastor activities of the Christian worker. of the Tabernacle, has acted as Especial emphasis is placed on Honorary Principal since the inwhat Thomas Boston called "The ception of the Institute, and as Art of Man Fishing" for no train- teacher of Homiletics and Syste- ing can be complete without a matic Theology. Mr. J. O. Sanders knowledge of how to win souls. left the legal profession to act as Students are shown how to deal Secretary-Treasurer. Mr. C. J. with various classes of enquirers. Rolls, the Dean, has recently gone A course in English is prescribed to America but Mr. H. Yolland is and particular attention is given to proving a valuable teacher. Other the public reading of the Scrip- members of the faculty include tures. The spiritual life of the Rev. Evan R. Harries, of St. James students is of first concern and in Presbyterian Church; Mr. E. M.

A "SCHOOL OF THE PROPHETS" IN NEW ZEALAND

Blaiklock, M.A.; Dr. William H. The students regularly engage Pettit. Supplemental studies are in active Christian work in Auck- dealt with by occasional lecturers land and the vicinity. Several city who are all loyal to the faith and churches welcome their help in who stand four-square on the great Sunday-school work and as leaders fundamentals. of Bible classes. Open-air evan- All applicants for admission to gelism is carried on in one of the the Institute are required to accept busiest thoroughfares of the city the following statement of faith: and house-to-house visitation helps 1. The Bible as the Word and revela- students gain experience in dealing tion of God, and therefore our only final with a vast variety of human conauthority in matters of faith and conscience. (2 Timothy 3: 16: Psalm 119: ditions and problems. ll.) An Extension Department of- 2. The Deity of our Lord Jesus Christ; fers opportunity to teach, preach that He is very God, by Whom and for Whom all things were created. (John 1: and publish the Word of God be- 1-14; John 14: 9.) yond the confines of the classroom.

3. The virgin birth of our Lord Jesus Bible lectures are given in various Christ; conceived by the Holy Spirit, centres and a Bible Correspondence and therefore God manifest in the flesh.

(Isaiah 7: 14; Matthew 1: 18-25.) Course offers systematic Bible 4. Salvation, by divine sacrifice. "The study to hundreds who might Son of God gave His life a ransom for many; and bore our sins in His own otherwise be without such help.

body on the tree." (John 6: 44-69: 1 The Institute mag a z i n e, The Peter 2: 24.) 5. Our Lord's physical !resurrection Reaper, finds its way into many from the dead, and His bodily presence lands for the promotion of Bible at the right hand of God, as our Priest and Advocate. (Acts 3: 12-26: John 20.) study, the cultivation of spiritual 6. The universality and heinousness of life, and the development of con- sin, and salvation by grace, "not of secrated service. Much Gospel litworks, lest any man should boast": sonship with God attained only by regenera- erature is scattered by students in tion through the Holy Spirit, and faith in their house-to-house visitation and Jesus Christ. (Romans 3: 10-26: Romans 6: 23.) open-air work. It is hoped that soon colportage 7. The personality and Deity of the Holy Spirit, Who came on the Day of work will be established to place Pentecost to indwell believers and to be the administrator in the Church of the good Biblical literature in the Lord Jesus Christ: and to reprove the hands of the people, and that evanworld of sin and of righteousness and of judgment. (Joel 2: 18-32: John 16: 8- gelistic campaigns may enable our own accredited evangelists to go 11; Acts 11: 1-24.) 8, The great commission given by our out to proclaim the unsearchable Lord to His Church to evangelize the world. (Matthew 28: 16-20: Acts 1: 8.) riches of Christ.

9. The second, visible, and imminent The New Zealand Bible Training coming of our Lord and Saviour, Jesus Institute is a centre of Life, hav- ing within its walls those, who, Christ, to establish His world-wide Kingdom on the earth. (Matthew 24: 1; 1 when trained, are able to give to Thess. 4: 13-18.) 10. A heaven of eternal bliss for the every man a reason of the hope righteous and conscious and eternal punishment of the wicked. (2 Corinthians 5: that is in them and sending out for 1-10: Revelation, chapters 20, 21, and active service those who faithfully 22.) declare the truth of God, and with A departure from this position power preach the Word so as to is understood to be tantamount to prove it to be the "saviour of life a withdrawal from the active par- unto life." This work merits the ticipation in the work of the In- prayerful and practical support of stitute. the people of God.

CHRISTIANS LET THE

ALONE?

Editorial Reactions on the Atlantic City Conference H AVE Christians a debt to the Europe saw a new "Promised Jews or should we let them Land." Here they found freedom alone? from the restrictions of the "pale,"

There was a time when many and new opportunities for business who claimed to be Christians and for intellectual advancement.

thought that their logical, if not Few disabilities were attached to their theological, approach to the being a Jew in the new world, and Jew should be with sticks and in many circles they were received stones. In Europe, particularly, on equal terms with Gentile neigh- the Jew was despised and hated, bors. Wealth and power have added being looked upon as the natural to their prestige and thousands heir of all the curses that should have been advanced to positions of fall to the lot of those who cruci- high honor in business, education fied Jesus; their Messiah. But the and politics.

animosity was largely due to the But with separation from old re- fact that everywhere the Jew was ligious associations, and from so- an alien, a stranger in a strange cial restrictions and physical hard- land, with a foreign tongue, with ships, and with larger material peculiar dress and strange beliefs prosperity, multitudes of Jews, in and customs. In many places he their new land of liberty, have be- was segregated within a "pale" or come materialistic and irreligious.

a ghetto and did not mingle socially There are about five million Jews with the Christians. Persecuted, in North America today and not he was compelled to make a living more than one tenth of them are by driving hard bargains and to regular attendants at an orthodox beat Gentile competitors by the Jewish synagogue. Some have be- keenness of his wits. Many became come "Reformed Jews," without money lenders, bankers and mer- faith in the God of the Old Testa- chants and the greed for gold ment or in the coming of a prom- helped to make them cunning and ised Messiah. Others have joined shylockian. As a result the Jew the ranks of Christian or mental was misunderstood, suspected, science, Ethical Culture and other feared and hated by all "Chris- modern cults, while thousands tians"-their neighbors in particu- have become Christians.

lar. Hebrew traditions and training The questions arise, what reli- led them to reject Jesus as their gious duty has the Christian in Messiah and the treatment they re- America toward the Jew, what ceived persuaded them that the re- claim has the Jew upon the Chris- Jigion of Christ bred hatred and tian? The vast majority of the cruelty and contained no good Jews take the position that Chris- news, no revelation of God and no tians have no such duty and that way of life for them. the Jews should only be given a In America, the socially down- fair and equal opportunity to work trodden and persecuted Jews of out their own life and that no at- 516 tempt should be made to convince those who read papers and led dis- them that Christ is their promised cussions were Dr. Samuel M.

Messiah and Saviour. Zwemer of Princeton; Dr. Julius There are also Christians who Richter of Berlin; Bishop Nichol- oppose any right or duty to "prose- son of Detroit; Mr. Basil Mathews, lytize," or to do mission work author of "The Clash of World among the Jews, on the ground Forces" and other volumes; Dr.

that it is presumptuous. These James Black of Edinburgh; Mr.

claim that the only Christian ap- Kenneth Maclennan and Rev. C.

proach to the Jew should be to H. Gill of London; the Rev. Mr.

cultivate good will, to establish Carpenter of Warsaw; Dr. John friendly relations, to cooperate in McDowell of the Presbyterian the search for truth and in service Board of Home Missions; Dr. W.

to mankind. Douglas Mackenzie of Hartford; At Atlantic City, May 12 to 15, Dr. Joseph A. Vance of Detroit; there met a very important confer- Dr. Paul deSchweinitz of the Mo- ence of Christian leaders to con- ravian Church and Dr. Samuel Mc- sider this question of "The Chris- Crea Caverl of the Federal Coun- tian Approach to the Jew"-espe- cil. Dr. John Stuart Conning is cially in North America. It was chairman of the American Section held under the auspices of the In- of the Jewish Department of the ternational Missionary Council and International Missionary Council was ably presided over by Dr. and Dr. Conrad Hoffman, Jr., is John R. Mott. It followed and executive secretary. The Hebrew supplemented the 1928 conferences Christians present included the in Warsaw and Budapest, when the Rev. Max 1. Reich, the Rev. Paul questions considered related to the Morentz, the Rev. Henry Eins- Christian and the Jew in Europe. pruch, the Rev. Morris Zeidman of A carefully prepared program in- Toronto, and others. Gentile mis- cluded papers and open discussions sionaries to Jews also came from on such subjects as: The Validity Los Angeles, Chicago, New York, of a Christian Approach to the Philadelphia and Europe.

Jew; a Survey of American Jews A very valuable and extensive and Missions to Jews; The Jews preliminary survey, made by Mr.

in EUrope and their Relation to Charles H. Fahs of the Missionary America; Jewish and Christian Research Library, revealed the fact Relations; Christian Objectives in that the Jewish population of the a Ministry to the Jews; The Place United States and Canada has in- of the Jew in the Missionary Pro- creased in the past century from gram of the Church; The Local 16,000 (1826) to 4,228,029 (1927).

Church and Its Jewish Neighbors; It has more than doubled in the Jewish Converts; Training Jew- past twenty years. Twenty-five ish Leaders; Literature for Jews; cities in the United States each in- The Christian Message to the Jew, clude over 10,000 Jews in their and Cooperative Work for Jews. population.

The speakers and delegates in- Among these four and a quarter cluded some twenty or thirty He- million Jews in the United States brew Christians, pastors, editors, and 250,000 in Canada, there are beside Protestant laymen and only eleven Christian missions at women and executives. Among work in Canada and sixty-three in

the United States-in less than to them the God of their fathers thirty centers. This leaves over and the Messiah who is the fulfil- 160 centers where from one thou- ment of their highest hopes.

sand to thirty-three thousand Jews 4. The majority of Jews in reside, without any definite organ- America are not attendants at any ized effort to present to them synagogue and are fast drifting Jesus, their Messiah. Undoubt- into materialism, agnosticism and edly between three and four mil- atheism. They need to be brought lion Jews in America are practi- back to faith in God for their own cally untouched by definite Chris- sake and for the sake of their fel- tian evangelism. low men. All sinners need salvation.

5. The Jews are a virile race WHY GIVE THE GOSPEL TO JEWS? with remarkable intelligence, en- The purpose of the Atlantic City ergy and ability for leadership.

Conference was to discover the Many evil influences are at work true aim and objectives of Chris- tending to mislead them and, if tian witness to the Jewish people successful, will make them a men- of America and to consider how ace to society. It is a great oppor- this goal may be reached most ef- tunity and responsibility for Chris- fectively. That the Christian has tians to share with them all the a duty to the Jew is obvious on truth they have and to surround several grounds: them with the best, the most God- 1. Past persecution and antag- like influence. What a difference onism has misrepresented Christ it would have made if Karl Marx, and His Spirit and purpose so that Leon Trotsky and the leaders in Jews have been alienated from Russian atheistic communism had Him and from those who bear His been successfully brought under name. Christians owe it to them truly Christian influence.

to make up for past ill-treatment 6. The results of Christian work and misrepresentation and to make for Jews are an unanswerable ar- Jesus known in His true character, gument in its favor. While there mission and power. have been unworthy men and 2. Christians owe an inestima- women who have claimed to be- ble debt to the Jews for the Old come Christians, there are hun- Testament Scriptures and as the dreds of thousands who have found race through whom Christ came in Christ the fulfilment of their to reveal God and His way of life hopes and the answer to their for mankind. Jews were the first highest need. J. F. de Ie Roi, the missionaries of Christ to Gentiles. reliable historian, reports that 3. Christianity is not, in reality, 204,500 Jews became Christians in a religion alien to the Jews but is the nineteenth century alone.

the fulfilment of Judaism. Jesus These Hebrew Christians include said, "I came not to destroy but to leading statesmen, lawyers, physi- fulfill." (Mat. 5: 17.) He is pre- cians. scientists, historians, artists sented as the promised Messiah and Christian workers-men like and the Saviour of the world. Mis- Felix Mendelsohn, Alfred Edes- sion work among the Jews is there- heim, Johann Augustus Wilhelm fore not an effort to make "prose- Neander,Adolph Saphir, Benjamin lytes" or to alienate them from Disraeli, Samuel Schereschewsky, their ancient faith but is to reveal David Baron and others. There

SHALL CHRISTIANS LET THE JEWS ALONE?

are some 3,500 Hebrew Christians Since only fourteen, out of over of good standing in the Presbyte- one hundred, Protestant denomirian Church alone and many of nations in North America now them today are filling Protestant carryon organized work for Jews, pulpits. it is hoped that many more Chris- tian agencies will undertake such 7. God has, through Christ and work in some of the one hundred His Spirit, commissioned His fol- and sixty Jewish centers where lowers to carry His Gospel to none is now conducted. every creature-not excepting the Jews. Christ's disciples were sent THE NEXT STEPS "to the Jews first," and whenever the Christian Church has seemed The recommendations of the to forget her missionary responsi- Conference for making a more efbility, God has aroused her and fective Christian approach to the called forth missionaries to go to Jews in America include the folthe unevangelized. The Jews have lowing: first claim, not second claim, on Christ and His Gospel. The com- 1. Closer cooperation among all mand of Christ has never been evangelical agencies now engaged abrogated. . in this work. This is made possi- ble through the Jewish Depart- How shall the Gospel of Christ ment of the International Missionbe presented to Jews in America? ary Council and with the help of The conference confessed that the the able Executive Secretary, Dr. Spirit of Christ has often been mis- Conrad Hoffman, Jr., who will derepresented and that many wrong vote a large part of his time to methods and motives have been North America. used. Proselytizing was disapproved, if by this is meant an 2. A thorough study of the effort merely to increase the ad- whole situation, the aims, methods herents of one sect at the expense and needs. Preparation for this of another or to win converts in has already been made through the name, without true change of heart survey conducted by Mr. Charles and life. Any effort at bribery, or H. Fahs. subterfuge, any appeal to fear or to unworthy selfish motives, was 3. A careful study of the Chrisalso discredited. The one aim of tian literature prepared for Jews, Christian work among Jews is to with an elimination of that which make known to them, by word and has lost its effectiveness, a selec-' deed, Jesus as the true revelation tion of the best now available, and of God, their promised Messiah preparation of new books, songs and Lord and their personal Re- and leaflets to fill the present need. deemer from sin, its power and its penalty. 4. Arrangements for the train- ing of Christian leaders in Jewish Emphasis was put on winning mission work-both Hebrew and men to Christ through friendship, Gentile-so that they may be prethrough the manifestation of a pared to work acceptably among Christlike life, and through per- all classes. sonal witness to His power and the satisfaction found in Him. 5. Special attention to be given to the large number of Jewish stu- dents in American colleges and universities-some of which have 25% or more of this race.

6. The arousing of the Christian in Him their Messiah, their Savchurches, and of Christians every- iour and their Lord. where, to a new sense of obligation for promoting goodwill between Good News and Goodwill to the Jews and Gentiles and the privi- Jews, published in Toronto, says: lege of witnessing to Christ, in the Spirit of Christ, to Jewish neigh- THE BUSINESS OF THE CHRISbors. An effort to awaken denominational age n c i e s and local TIAN CHURCH Is churches to a sense of their respon- Not to Americanize sibility to so present Christ to Not to Canadianize Jews in America that they will see Not to Gentilize Not to Proselytize BUT TO EVANGELIZE THE JEWS.

A NOTABLE HEBREW CHRISTIAN The Story of Sabeti B. Rohold of Haifa SABETI BENJAMIN ROHOLD with Christians. In that beautiful was born at Jerusalem on Feb- spot, the so-called Garden of Geth- ruary 20, 1876, and died in semane, I one evening met two Cairo, Egypt, on February 14, servants of God who began speak- 1931. He was the son of Rabbi ing to me. At the time it seemed Naphthali Rohold, and while still that I had gone into the Garden a young man became a Christian. merely by accident, but now, as one He lived to become a valiant wit- looks back over the past, it can be ness for Christ, and a leader in clearly seen that a loving unseen the Hebrew-Christian movement Hand was guiding me. These two in Palestine and beyond. Christians explained to me from His father and mother found the Scriptures how that Jesus of deep satisfaction in their rabbini- Nazareth is in very deed the prom- cal ancestry and other religious ised Messiah, Israel's greatest associations, and they sought to hope. As they reasoned with me, train their family, of whom Sabeti there was one passage of Scripture was the youngest, in the way of which I could not get over, that Jewish tradition. According to 'The Sceptre shall not depart from custom they looked upon Chris- Judah, nor a lawgiver from be- tianity as a system of idolatry. tween his feet, until Shiloh come; Mr. Rohold himself wrote: and unto Him shall the gathering "Truly my parents loved me very of the people be.'

much, and did all in their power to "With this new light upon the educate me in what they believed Word of God I was given to under- to be right, and their one desire stand that the promises regarding was that I might occupy the seat the Coming One told not only of of my dear father, of which all my His glory and majesty, but also of teachers gave them full hope. Thus His suffering and death (Isa. 53 the early part of my life was spent and Ps. 22). Slowly I began to in study within the home circle. see how great and true Jehovah is, "It was in the year 1893 that I and how that His Divine Word re- had conversation for the first time garding the Messiah has been Iiter-

A NOTABLE HEBREW CHRISTIAN

ally fulfilled in Jesus Christ. I by the presence of Christ, and en- saw my helpless condition, and couraged by kind friends in Eng- realized, as never before, that my land, he kept on his way.

own righteousness was as filthy Not long after his conversion rags. And, oh, what joy came to Mr. Rohold came to England (in me when the gracious promise of 1897) and devoted himself to stud- God was fulfilled, a promise which ies in preparation for a missionary came to me now with such a new career among his own people.

meaning, 'a new heart also will I Mter some time in England, he give you, and a new spirit will I entered the Bible Training Insti- put within you; and I will take tute at Glasgow; and later took up away the stony heart out of your active service, being for ten years flesh, and I will give you a heart of Superintendent of the Bonar Me- flesh. And I will put my Spirit morial Mission to the Jews in Glas- within you.' (Ezk. 36: 26, 27). gow. He then went to Canada, at Having, then, accepted Jesus the call of the Presbyterian Church Christ as my own personal Sa- of the Dominion, and there he viour, I began to wish that my founded in Toronto the first He- own loved ones might know Him, brew-Christian Synagogue. He whom to know is life eternal. But was one of two Hebrew-Christian I feared to tell them of my new- delegates to the World Missionary found treasure, and it is impos- Conference at Edinburgh in 1910.

sible for me to describe the unrest From Canada he went to Haifa, and agony of soul that I passed in 1919, and with great energy, he through in consequence." built wisely and well on the foun- In answer to prayer for guid- dation of a small mission begun by ance, Rohold received as from the the late D. C. Joseph. As the years Lord Himself the word given to have passed, friends of the British Abraham of old :-"Get thee out Jews Society have followed with of thy country." (Gen. 12: 1.) It deep interest and sympathy the de- was a hard command to obey, but velopment of plans that have throwing himself upon the prom- meant great things in the vindica- ises of God, he started on a jour- tion of Christian witness in Pales- ney westward, at length arriving tine in times of unexampled sig- in England as a perfect stranger, nificance in the history of the Jew- not knowing the language, and ish people.

having no earthly friend. Rela- The work at Haifa, owed every- tives in Jerusalem urged him to thing under God to Mr. Rohold's return, and his father declared power of organization and admin- that his conduct would "bring istration, his leadership, and his down his grey hairs in sorrow to devotion to the Cause of Christ and the grave." Sustained, however, Israel.

"Now abides Faith"-the faith in God our Father in Heaven; the faith in Jesus Christ our Saviour; the faith in spiritual realities, the faith in life beyond the grave.

"Now abides Hope"-the hope in a brighter, better future; the hope for mankind and for the Church, based on the power and purpose of God.

"Now abides Love"-the love that Christ manifested; the love that serves rather than seeks to be served: the love that sacrifices self in order to save others.

OF THE

"The Nerve of Missions" Father; His knDwledge ''Of the "IDst" and shepherdless conditiDn 'Of men and One often hears that certain beliefs the o.nly way out 'Of that cDndition; and practices "cut the nerve of mis- and His love that led Him to live and siDns." Before making this as·sertiDn labor, to suffer and die for them. it may be well to inquire "What is the nerve of missiDns?" What is the vital The "nerve 'Of missions" in the case impulse, the controlling pDwer that of the Apostle Paul was the "love of stimulates and keeps alive Christian Christ"; it had its roots in faith in missionary activity? God and in His provision for the res- The great aim of missions is to cue of man from sin and its conse- win men tD GDd and His Way of Life quences. LDyalty to Christ moved the thrDugh Jesus Christ and Hi.s Gos- ApDstle to 'Obedience tD the Great pel. A necessary part of this prDgram CommissiDn; his personal experience is careful instruction in Christ's ideals made him a debtDr tD share his treasand program so as tD win men's sym- ure with 'Others; the sense of men's pathetic and intelligent cooperation dire need and the tove of Christ in in carrying 'Out all the implications his heart drDve him fDrward on his and consequences of His teachings. mission, regardless of DPPDsition, dis- But is this aim necessary to stimu- cDmfDrt or danger.

late the "nerve 'Of missiDns"? It is Shall we test 'Our motives, 'Our ef- acknowledged that many diverse mD- forts and our program by these stand- tives have led gDDd men and women ards? There are some cDlleges and intD the mission field-a lDve of novel- schools in mission lands, founded as ty and adventure; a desire to serve Christian missiDnary enterpries, that where the general need is greatest; have apparently IDst sight 'Of their the fDrce 'Of a perSDnality that makes main purpose. Their "nerve of mis- the appeal for helpers; a sense of duty sions" has been cut by a desire for or a false idea 'Of the true nature 'Of government subsidies, by an effDrt tD missiDnary work. The same mDtives maintain high S'cholastic standards; may lead one tD give mDney tD mis- by the appeal of numbers; by fear of siDns or tD establish a mi&siDnary in- criticism and to.S8 of influence. A stitution. larger number of missiDn schools and These are nDt the motives t'O which colleges, like the college 'Of Teheran.

Christ appeals. The basis 'On which Persia, and the UniDn Christian Col- He rests the whDle enterprise cDnsists lege 'Of PYe'Ilgyang, Korea, have put of three facts-first, GDd's love fDr aside these temptations and have- kept mankind and His prDvisiDn 'Of salva- alive their great evangelizing purpose.

tiDn thrDugh Jesus Christ; secDnd, There are some mission hDspitals persDnal experience of God and 'Of His where the "nerve 'Of missions" seems saving pDwer; and third, a deep CDn- tD have been cut by putting first victiDn that the supreme need o.f all scientific efficiency; by the effort to.

men is Christ and His Gospel, and a give medical service tD SD many pa- deep desire to. share with them the tients that the missiDn staff has no unique and lifegiving benefits. time for evangelizing, or by fear less The "nerve of missiDns" fDr Christ they be accused 'Of using medicine and himself ·seems to be clearly his great surgery to bribe patients to accept purpose tD carry out the will 'Of the Christian teachings. Many more hDS- 522

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

pitals, like that at Dohnavur, India, to help carry the Good News to every and others, work amid great difficul- creature. ties but, by prayer and testimony, seek first of all to win men and women to Life and power in the "nerve of Christ while ministering to their missions" depend more than anything bodies. else on the vital connection of the Branch with the Vine, the individual True followers of Christ, whether member with the Head, Jesus Christ. in America or in foreign lands, desire to live dynamic lives. They despise College Gospel Teams in Asia lifeless conventionalism. Every Christian who is spiritually alive and walks Student evangelism is growing in with Christ feels spiritual warmth and the mission fields. The idea of college a desire to win others. He knows that Gospel teams began in Burma and ha.s the only hope for true life, with joy spread to Siam, India and Korea. In and power, is in Christ, and so he is some colleges the results have been eager to share his knowledge with remarkable, according to the testimony non Christians. of Dr. E. Stanley Jones, W. E. S. Holland and others. New life has been There is great cause for encourage- awakened, the joy is contagious and ment that in most of the mission new Christian leaders are developed fields there are signs of a new awak- among the students. ening and empha.sis on the need for evangelism. Missionaries and native In Lucknow Christian College In- Christians everywhere are saying that dia, the members of the Gospel team, without evangelism, carried on with on student initiative and without misspiritual power, there will be no prog- sionary direction, spent many hours in res,s. In Egypt, India and other lands conference and prayer and then held special periods of the year are set a communion and consecration service. apart for intensive evangelistic effort. They adopted as their motto: "Serv- In India the Christians have stated as ice," and as the basis of their work: their objectives (1) every Christian "Friendship with God and with praying and witnessing to win non- others." Their ideal is expressed in Christians; (2) special teams visiting "Purity in word, thought, action, heart markets, railway statIons, schools, and character." Anyone who knows shops and homes; (3) public preach- India knows what a great contrast ing, singing and distribution of Chris- there is between these ideals and the tian literature by minister,s and lay teachings and practices of Hinduism workers; (4) Christian me.las and and of Islam. processions to attract public attention; (5) above all-continued public and But the Lucknow Gospel team does private prayer, by individuals and not seem to go far enough. They emgroups, that God will prepare and phasize externals. Among the rules guide the workers and the hearers, adopted for members are: Obedience and will bring home His message with to coIl e g e rules; cleanliness of power for the conversion of many. thought, word and deed; full and hearty cooperation; avoidance of The "nerve of missions" is cut by amusements of which Christ would ignorance, selfi'shness and sin. When not approve; respect for womanhood; the nerve is cut we experience the observance of the "morning watch." effects in a loss of vision of God and of man's supreme need of Him; a loss The pledge taken by members of of hearing that deafens us to the call the Lucknow team is as follows: of God; a loss of sensitiveness to our own hlessings received through Christ, Trusting in God to help me, I promise and indifference to the sufferings and to abide by the principles of the Gospel fate of those out of Christ; and there Team and sincerely endeavor to put into is a loss of motive power to impel us practice its ideals throughout my life. Nothing that I do will be done with a view solely to please people. I will strive to the best of my ability to keep clean

in thought, word and deed; to maintain denominaHonal constituencies to which brotherly love; to treat all women Il;nd girls with respect and honor, and to Wlll- they can appeal for support. They ingly accept punishment for any breach also put especial emphasis on prayer of Gospel Team rules. as the means of securing funds and While the purpose and plan of the workel's and usually have much less promotional machinery than the decollege team is commendable, this -statement as to the ideals and princi- nominational boards. The term "Faith Missions" has not ples of the association are u~fortu­ nately lacking in clear expreSSiOn .of been assumed by these missions themloyalty to Christ, the need of the hfe selves but has been given them by the that He offers or dependence upon Christian public to designate their the Holy Spirit for guidance and pow- policy regarding the financial support of their work. They hold the coner to win others to God. If this is not the basis and the power for the team viction that, through the voluntary of- ferings of His people, and in answer and its members; if it is chiefly a movement to promote personal purity to believing prayer, God will supply the needs of the work which is carand brotherhood, then it has no right ried on in obedience to Christ's comto be called a "Gospel Team" and comes short of being wholly Christian. mission. These societies do not resort to the method of raising money by Vital relation to Christ is a prime re- public appeal, nor do they borrow or quisite and. cannot be taken for go into debt. All in the "Interdenomgranted. If the omission of acknowl- inational Foreign Mission Association" edgment of entire dependence on must have an annual audit and pubIi-sh Christ and the Spirit of God is an an approved financial statement. oversight, then it should be corrected by mature and intelligent Christian – These societies also emphasize evanleadership. The College Gospel teams geJi.sm rather than general education of Burma and Korea have proved their as a method of missionary work; they loyalty to Christ and their spiritual adopt a strict doctrinal creed and acpower to lead others to Him. No less cept the Bible as the inspired Word definitely Christian aim and depend- of God. Living faith in Christ and ence can prove satisfactory. Why can His atonement for sin is accepted as we not have similar Gospel teams go- the only basis of man's ,salvation. ing out from Christian colleges in While some of these missi'Ons have America? not proved successful, their work, as a rule, has been richly blessed and Dependent Independent Mis- their dependence on God for support has proved to be practical. sions* The China Inland Mission, one- of Some of the most effectual evan- the oldest operated on this basis, has gelistic pioneer mission work has been been in existence for over sixty-five started and conducted on undenomi- years, another has operated for seventy national, independent or "faith" lines. years. The total income of fifteen mis- Among theBe societies are the China sions, that report for the last year, Inland Mission, the Africa Inland Mis- reached the sum of $2,029,436. The sion and some twenty others with E)stimated value of their property in headquarters in North America. They the various fields is $1,859,500 and the are not more dependent on God or number of foreign missionaries supmore conducted on "faith" than are ported by them last year was 2,208. many denominational societies, but they are unique in that they have no The Kwato Mission of Papua is onf of the younger undenominational mis- ~oklet giving facts about some of these sions. It includes Christians of many evangelical churches in its fellowship societies has recently been put out by the In- of praying and giving partners. It is terdenominational Foreign Mission Association of North America (11~ Fulton Street, New wholly dependent 'On God for guidance, York).

1981J TOPICS OF THE TIMES

for the supply of every need and for in the republic of Turkey; the Gos- success. Founded by Rev. Chas. W. pel of Mark in Aymara (an Indian Abel, among Cannibals, forty years tribe of Bolivia); the Gospel of Luke ago, a fine, strong, spiritual church has in handwritten Arabic script repro- been built up in Eastern Papua and is duced by photography to disarm the evangelizing the district. prejudice of conservative Moslems The fields where these missions op- against the typeset form of Arabic; erate are -scattered throughout the and the Acts of the Apostles in Chey- world, most of them lying in the in- enne.

terior of the continents of Asia, During the year 4,142 embossed Africa and Latin America. Stress is volumes of Scriptures in Braille and laid upon pioneer work in unevangel- other systems for the blind set a new ized territory. Some of the most dis- record for Bible distribution in this tant missionary outposts in the world form of Scripture. The Bible in whole are occupied by these agencies. or in part has now been translated into 906 languages and dialects.

Is the Bible Out of Date? But to sell or distribute large num- bers of Bibles and Testaments is one During 1930 the American Bible thing and to make sure that these Society distributed 12,035,133 Bibles, Scriptures are read, understood, be- Testaments and P.ortions, the largest lieved and obeyed is another. There in any year in the Society's history. are many unmistakable evidences The translation, publication, and dis- that the Bible is more in demand and tribution last year was in 285 lan- is more widely and thoughtfully read guages. In the United States also the than any other book. It is unfortu- Society reports the largest circulation nately true, however, that the Bible is in its history-four million volumes widely neglected and disregarded by in 135 different languages-more than those who profess to believe in it as a fourfold increase in ten years. the basic source of the Chri,stian re- The Society promoted Scripture dis- ligion. Even in our churches, an in- tribution in thirty-six countries and creasing number of preachers are tak- in addition cooperated with mission- ing their messages from literature, ary societies by making grants of politics, business and social life rather funds and of Scriptures in twelve than from the Bible. In too many European countries. A decline in cir- Sunday-schools less, rather than more, culation abroad below that of 1929 attention is given to Bible teaching occurred in China and Japan but there than formerly and while books about were substantial increases in Siam, in the Bible are increasing, many of them the Philippine Islands, and in the Le- are destructive of faith and fail to vant. G€neral Chang Chih-Kiang for bring out the spiritual teachings.

the third time made a large personal Some schools and colleges are syste- contribution toward the sale and dis- matically undermining faith.

tribution of Bibles in China. In Mex- The result of this neglect and mis- ico there was an increase of twenty- representation is seen in the modern five per cent and the revolution in downward trend in morals. The great Brazil afforded an opportunity for need .of today is not only the wide dis- distribution to soldiers in camps and tribution of the Christian Scriptures , hospitals. but a more earnest and effective move- The year 1930 witnessed publication ment on the part of preachers, teach- ~ for the first time of the following ers, colporteurs, missionaries and par- Scriptures: The Gospel of John in ents to increase interest in Bible Mam (an Indian tribe in Central reading, clearer understanding of its America); the Gospel of Matthew in meaning, more observance of its teach- Turkish in a new version and in Ro- ings and greater devotion to the Christ man characters now required by law who is the central theme. Edited BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK A MISSIONARY CANDLE LIGHTING When the first girl, representing SERVICE-Adapted October, comes down the aisle, a con- (This admits of changes to suit local cealed choir, accompanied by the or- conditions.) ganist or pianist, sings softly two verses of "Bringing in the Sheaves." Instructions: As audience arrives, The music for the rest of the months give each one a candle inserted in a is indicated below. These are only round piece of pasteboard to catch suggestions and other music may be drippings, and a copy of the hymn substituted. Start early to find your "The Light -of the World Is Jesus," hymns, for you may have to look also the following word of explanation: through many old hymnals to find This Candle Lighting Service is one some of them. "The Light of the in which we will all take part. The World Is Jesus," the first line of which large lighted candle represents Christ, is "The whole world was lost in the the Light of 'the World. It is placed darkness of sin"; is published in upon the Bible, the foundation of our "The Methodist Sun day S c h 0 0 I church. Twelve girls, representing the Hymnal." twelve unsullied months of the year, will state briefly some of the objectives of the Let October speak, lighting her Woman's Foreign Society and tell how candle as she does so, then step' to the the year may be kept pure for Christ right of the table. November should and the Church. They light their candles go to the left, December to the right, from this symbolic light of Christ and etc., until the 12 girls make a semi- carry that light to the persons sitting circle facing the audience. in the ends of each row. Those having lighted their small candles from the light After the last girl has spoken the which comes from Christ pass it on to girls go out into the audience, light- -the persons next to them and they on to ing the candles of the persons nearest others until every candle in the room is the aisles. Plan carefully for this part lighted. of the program so that each girl knows exactly where she is to go, and how Then will be sung the hymn, "The the girls are to assemble at the rear Light of the World is Jesus," during that they may come back to the front which time the audience remains seated. again in order and dignity. Each girl Each time the phrase "The Light of the must see that the candle she lights World is Jesus" is sung, everyone is lights the candle beyond, and so on. asked to raise their candle high, lowering it at the end of the phrase. When the semicircle is formed again at the front and all the candles Please keep your candle lighted, and in the room are lighted, then shall be when the choir begins singing the second sung, "The Light of the World Is verse of the hymn, "The Way of the Cross Leads Home," the audience will silently leave the room carrying the lighted candles out into the night.

Setting Jesus." As the phrase "The Light of the World is Jesus" is sung, let the Place a table in the center of the girls lead off in raising the candles room with a rich velvet covering on high, and the audience follows the it. Upon the table place a large Bible, example. The candles are lowered and on the Bible your candle stick, in simultaneously at the end of the which is a tall taper. Have in the phrase.

room no other light than this one At the conclusion of the last verse taper. of this hymn, the cross is formed.

526

METHODS FOR WORKERS

This must be carefully wDrked out and Order for Verses rehearsed beforehand for the success of the service depends upDn the im- 12 pressiveness of this part. The removal 11 of the table and the assembling of 10 necessary equipment must be done 8 65 79 quietly and without any confusiDn. Do 4 not extinguish the candle representing 3 Christ although it may be moved SD 2 that it does not interfere with the 1 cross formation. The first girl sits Verses: crosslegged on the flo.or, the second kneels behind her just as close as 1. "I am the Light of the World." possible, the third kneels on a stoDI, 2. "He that followeth me shall not and the fourth probably stands. See that each girl's chin comes just above walk in darkness but shall have the head of the one in front of her. the light of life." Numbers 5 to 9 form the arms of the 3. "In him was life, and the life cross; and 10, 11 and 12 the top. was the Light of men." The boxes and finally the table on 4. "That was the true light which which the girls stand may be carefully lighteth every man coming into concealed by' a white covering. These the world." sketchy directions will enable you to 5. "He that doeth the truth cometh use your own ingenuity in so arrang- to the light." ing the girls that their hands form a 6. "They that sat in darkness have perfect cross. seen a great light, on them hath the light shined." Each girl holds directly under her 7. "The Lord shall be to thee an chin a flash light which has been everlasting light." covered with thin white paper twisted 8. "Come, let us walk in the light of to a point at the top. When all the the Lord." girls are in place the first girl turns 9. "While ye have the light, believe on her light and repeats verse No. 1. in the light." When she has finished she leaves her 10. "Ye are the Light of the world." light on, and No.2 turns on her light 11. "Let YDur light so shine before and repeats verse N,o. 2, and that men that they may see your good process goes on till all the lights are works." on and all the girls have given a verse 12. "God forbid that I should glory of Scripture about light. save in the Cross of our Lord Jesus Christ." The beauty of the lighted human cross is in the absolute motionless- The Messages of the Months ness of the girls until the audience has left the room. The whole effect may be October-Music, "Bringing in the ruined by the turning of a hand or Sheaves." the tilting of a flash light. October is the month in which the After the last girl has spoken, "In Woman's Foreign Missionary Society the Cross of Christ I Glory." might be starts her year. How fitting it is at sung as a solo by someone not visible this harvest season when we are bringto the audience. This may be followed ing in the sheaves and enjoying the by the choir singing, "The Way of the fruits .of our labors, that we rededicate Cross Leads Home" as the audience ourselves anew with a forward look departs. to the year ahead. Because of the joy we have found in sharing our religion Costumes: White robes and Gre- with the less fortunate women of cian headbands of white ribbon. other nations, we crave for others this opportunity for rendering service and so we seek at this time new members

for our Society. I light my candle to- candles tonight for I represent night in recognition of the 600,000 Stewardship-the stewardship 'Of members wha are working tagether to Prayer, 'Of Personality, and of Possend the Gospel to the 'One billiDn non- sessions. Let us give generously 'Of Christian WDmen in 'Other lands. 'Our time, our talents, and 'Our mDney.

November-Music, "Come Ye Thank- February-Music, "America."

ful Peaple, Come." I (lome representing the shartest When November CDmes and the and yet in SDme respects the greatest crDps are gathered in, we WhD are the mDnth 'Of the year for Americans. pilgrims' children will CDme in the FDr this is the month wherein we celespirit of Thanksgiving tD the House brate the birthdays 'Of the great 'Of the Lord bringing with us 'Our Father of our CDuntry, George Washsmall share tD add to that 'Of 'Others. ington, and the name 'Of the SaviDur What a glad Thanksgiving it will be if of the UniDn, Abraham LinC'Oln. That the two and 'One-half milliDn dollars 'Of their names and fame may nDt perish last year's gifts and the added dues of from the earth I this night light my new members bring us tD a three mil- candle at the altar from whence they lion dDllar goal. May GDd's blessing received their inspiratiDn and light. rest upon us in those wDrds as I light As lDng as America keeps this light my candle-"Well dDne gDod and faith- shining befDre men, SD lDng will she ful servant.". be the leader of men and 'Of natiDns December-Music, "Joy to the World." toward that fair city whDse founda- tions are laid in righteousness and When bleak December comes with equity, whDse builder and maker is its shortened days and IDng evenings God. As we pay tribute to the past let us sit by the fireside and in the may we lDDk fDrward tD 'Our church glDW 'Of the lamplight read frDm the ·of tomDrrDw whose leade.rship will pages 'Of 'Our missionary paper the CDme from our college halls. That the graphic descriptions and effective in- student wDrld may better know Him terpretatiDns of our great missionary who is the SDurce of all life, may we cause. The infDrmation and inspira- each aim to touch the life of SDme coltion will stimulate our Christmas mis- lege student with a message 'Of our sionary offering. No library table is WDrk. cDmplete withDUt this magazine. Dur- ing this mDnth we celebrate the birth March-Music, "Faith of Our Fa- of Him who is the Light of Life, the ther'S."

Giver 'Of every gDDd and perfect gift. March is a holy month in the Chris- Let not the activity 'Of the Christmas tian calendar. It is the time f.or re- seaSDn dim 'Our vision 'Of Christ and membering the passiDn and sacrifice His Love. His words "Peace 'On earth, 'Of 'Our LDrd. And SD in this month gODd will toward men" challenge us, some 'Of the di·sciples. of the Kingdom as we light the Christmas candle, ever were inspired to found a great society to look 'Outward toward men and up- fDr the uplifting 'Of the womanhoDd 'Of ward tDward GDd. the wDrld. I light my candle in CDm- January-Music, "Another Year memDratiDn 'Of Founder's Day of the Dawning." Woman's Foreign Missionary Society honoring thDse nDble women who near- I am the month 'Of new resDives and ly sixty years agD caught the vision fresh beginnings. In the 'Old pagan frDm the light of Christ's CDuntenance. mythDlDgy men spDke of me as the doorkeeper of heaven. Yet this I know, Aprilr–Music, "Rejoice Ye Pure in that unless men light the torch of Heart."

their hDpeS at the Source 'Of all true April's resurrection Scene recalls tD light, all their resDlving will but lead us the JDYDUS fact 'Of this strDng fDun- tD utter darkness. SD I light three datiDn of 'Our faith. In this mDnth we

METHODS FOR WORKERS

sing the songs of triumph which pro- undimmed to a little child who in turn claim that our Christ is an ever-living will prove a Light Bearer for the Saviour. We also rejoice because so Saviour. many answered that command, "Go ye into all the world and preach the Gos- July-Music, "0 Beautiful for Spapel to every creature." That our seven cious Skies." hundred missionaries may know how gratefully we appreciate the sacrifices To all Americans July is the nourthat they are making, we give a joyous ishing month of patriotism. We glory and liberal Thank Offering at this in the fact that we are a free nation. time to further carryon the great But let us beware lest our patriotism work of building the Kingdom of G.od degenerate into a narrow provincialin other lands. I light this candle ism. It is easier for a nation to be with a prayer that Stewardship of selfl·sh than for that nation to be spirit- Giving may soon send light into all ual. I would have the good of America dark places. crowned with brotherhood from sea to shining sea. Those.of us who have May-Music, "Let the Lowe.r Lights been privileged to enjoy mountain-top Be Burning." experiences appreciate the importance of setting aside a week in this busy In the ancient time, so the Hebrew month each year to learn more about story runs, God ,created the heavens other nations with whom we hope to and the earth and all that is therein. share our Christ. America the beauti- On completing His great task, He ful will remain America the glorious looked abroad and declared that it was only as she lets the light of the Lord very good. It is appropriate in this shine upon the Stars and Stripes. That month when nature is creating beauty this light shall not fail throughout the everywhere that we honor the mothers coming year, I take my light from of mankind. Let us pause in our mis- Him who is the Lord of lords and sionary effort and combine our pro- King of kings. grams with those of our daughters who march as the Standard Bearers of August-Music, "0 Day of Rest and the King. Tonight I light my candle Gladness." for the mothers and daughters who walk side by side, a common purpose I corne calling the sons of men from in their goals, that of making Christ the fields of toil to the temple .of the live in the hearts and lives of men. open-air, where God dwelleth in the wide open spaces. For truly to those June-Music, "Shepherd of Tender whose light of life is lit at the light of Youth." Chri,st, the heavens declare the glory of God and the firmament showeth his June is the month of roses and of handiwork. Yet in the month of homemaking, for love and beauty ever August many who g·o on vacation leave should be mates. Yet roses can wither the path of rectitude, for they see and love can die and the light of June naught of the God who paints the wayturn to the darkness of doom. Not so, side lily and the sunset heavens. Thus however, will it be for those who have the light which they have is but darkthe light of the world upon the altar ness still. So when to the temple hills of their homes. you go, add the light of Christ to the light of day, and joy that is rich and In this month we will plant a garden free shall be yours, for you will have with love and hope, and in it we will him for company in whose hand are put little children. Christ said, "Suf- pleasures f.or evermore. fer the little children to come unto me fur of such is the Kingdom of September-Music, "Be Strong." Heaven." During this month the great com- And so I light my candle tonight pany of missionary giVers open their with a prayer that I may pass it on 4

mite boxes and lay their treasures at to' start with. A picture of Miss Wa- the feet of the Master. The thousands kuyama, the first Christian kinder- of dollars these little boxes reveal each garten teacher in Japan, and a story year are a testimony to the loving of what she has done with the little loyalty of countless sacrificial givers. ones of her land will touch the heart In this month when we honor the of any mother. Such pictures may be men of toil and ascribe dignity to labor used on place cards, or in Bible class room, or anywhere adult eyes will let us reconsecrate ourselves 00 the rest. work of the Lord in loving service and Touch with the Home increase our gifts in gratitude to Him who has provided so abundantly for Most of us realize that home attius. With this pledge I light my candle. tudes have more effect upon a child As we close this missionary cycle may than anything the leader of an organiwe renew and strengthen our work on zation may teach. Keeping in touch with the home and changing the every line. mother's atttitude is most important REAOHING ADULTS THROUGH if the child is to be kept interested in POSTERS missionary work. Be sure that the in- Very often our posters, however ef- vitations and greeting cards sent to fective, fail to reach those for whom his home are of the kind that will they are intended because of the place influence the parents. Missionary in which they' are posted. If your birthday cards with a real missionary church has a nursery, or mother's rest message mailed to each child on his birthday will naturally reach the room, be sure to post effective placards mother's eye. on its walls. To reach the fathers, use the men's club room and the men's The songa that he carries home Bible classroom for your posters. must not ,only be missionary in spirit but must also be accurately memorized Suggestions for Posters so that the mother listening to the If your Junior Missionary organi- words may unconsciously receive a zation includes cradle roll age groups a missionary message.

poster with the words- The handwork which he carries FROM MOTHER'S ARMS TO (name of home must also bear testimony to the organization) spirit of missions.

Use an attractive picture of a baby Most important of all is the prayer to catch a mother's eye. life of the child. Many a parent has been led to take an interest in people Pictures of boys of athletic age will of a different race through the earnest interest a father. These words with prayers which the child pours out an attractive picture may be used: nightly for his friends across the sea.

EVERY WEEK Is BoYS' WEEK IN (name The stories which he will undoubtedly of organization) tell at home also have an immeasura- A flight of stairs leading to an open bly .stl'ong effect upon the parents.

church door into which children are Stories entering with the words: Presentation by the teacher of mis- STEPS TO EFFICIENT CHURCH sionary stories and books to the child MEMBERSHIP (name of organization) is often a means to the desired end as the parent, or adult in the home, often Use of Pictures reads the story to the child. Selection Sometimes pictures may bring home of these stories is most important.

to parents the need of missionary Every Board, as well as the Mission- training and its importance in the life ary Education Movement in New York of the child. Any good picture of deals in such books and most Boards Christ with the children is effective have catalogues which are easily se-

METHODS FOR WORKERS

cured and which will help in the selec- When in India, I was invited to at- tion of the pr'Oper stories. tend the dedicati'On of a beautiful tem- Missi'Onary story-telling is 'One 'Of ple of Christian worship. The c'Ongrethe m'Ost effective methods f'Or reach- gation, which filled that temple at the ing the adult. The important p'Oint, dedication, was started years ag'O with however, is that the story be told eight believers, saved fr'Om starvation where the disinterested adult will be by famine relief workeJ:1s, and was reached. Telling missi'Onary st'Ories drawn from an outcast community; at missIOnary gatherings is not now, a great host, they were rejoicing en'Ough. Sunday-scho'Ols, Daily Vaca- before the Lord in a fine stone buildti'On Bible Sch'Ools and Week-day Re- ing, worthy 'Of any c'Ongregation in the ligi'Ous Schools are splendid channels United States, and best 'Of all, it was thr'Ough which the missi'Onary story- provided by their own self-denying 'Oftelling may be used for the child. T'O ferings. This is a church of which reach the adult, h'Owever, 'Other places every member dedicates to the Lord a must be bJ:1ought into use. A mission- proporti'On-in most cases, at least a ary-minded adult can use st'Ories ef- tenth of the income, meagre though it fectively in clubs, adult 'Organizati'Ons is in alm'Ost every ca-se. At Medak, in the heart of the most and adult classes 'Of many kinds. The populous Moslem state of all India, the -stories must of course be selected t'O D'Ominion of the Nizam of Hyderabad, touch the adult heart. St'Ories ab'Out has recently risen a Christian church children, rather than children's stories, which is the wonder of all that part 'Of are necessary for this purpose. the world. Christmas Day a great c'On- THE LEVER THAT LIFTS THE gregation dedicated their h'Ouse 'Of WORLD worship with sacrificial giving and re- joicing like that which made mem'O- By DR. DAVID MCCONAUGHY rable the dedication of the temple of That was a shrewd old Grecian phi- old. The chairman said: l'Osopher who is credited with having "Through ten long years you have made some such remark as this: "Give toiled and saGrificed that you might me a place where I can rest a l'Ong rejoice this day. Do you regret the enough lever and I can lift the earth." 50,000 Rupees (equivalent in purchas- What Archimedes vainly dreamed 'Of, ing power to considerably more than Jesus actually set ab'Out bringing to 50,000 d'Ollars) that your l'Oving hearts pass. That place was Calvary; that have 'Offered?"

lever was the Cross, and, assuredly 'Our The people responded: "Victmy t'O Lord is lifting the l'Ost w'Orld back t'O Jesus; may his kingdom c'Ome."

G'Od. And all wh'O w'Ork t'Ogether with White-capped nurses, school boys him t'O lift the IQad 'Of the world's sin, and school girls, rescued famine waifs, are members 'Of his br'Otherhood. "He started the l'Ong processi'On to the that doeth the will 'Of God, the same is front 'Of the church with offerings.

my br'Other." But the world's Saviour Last of all, came an old woman, un- cann'Ot be content with anything less noticed by the others; but the Lord than lifting the whole w'Orld; and it himself, who watched the givers in the takes a wh'Ole gospel to save a whole Temple at Jerusalem, again saw a wid- world. Is it n'Ot because the church 'Ow, as she t'Ottered t'Oward the altar has had but a partial gospel, that she rail and placed her love gift 'Of three has lacked lifting p'Ower? As she re- pice (one cent) on the altar.

c'Overs the full-orbed G'Ospel of Him Such 'Object less'Ons as these are t'O- who not 'Only died, but rose again with kens 'Of the mighty lifting p'Ower 'Of all power and fearlessly applied His Christ who is changing n'Ot only indi- G'Ospel t'O the wh'Ole of life, including viduals but whole congregati'Ons int'O p'Ossessi'Ons as well as pers'Onality, w'Orthy stewards of the manifold grace w'Onderful results inevitably fQllow. 'Of G'Od.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York Council of Women for Home Missions FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America PROTESTANT CHURCH WOMEN carried on in cooperation with the UNITE IN SERVICE Missionary Education Movement.

A Statemf'ut by the Presidents of the Fed- Church agencies are not static; eration of Woman's Boards of Foreign Mis- the same broadening of interest that sion,s of North America, Council of Women for has come to women generally has Home Missions and National Council of Feder- touched the women's mLssionary orated Church Women.

Following the Ecumenical Confer- ganizations of the churches, and has ence on Foreign Missions held in New been reflected in the topics forming York City in 1900 there was organized part of the programs. the first woman's interdenominational group, known as the Central Commit- Christian social service, law Dbtee on the United Study of Foreign servance, Christian citizenship, indus- trial, race and international relations Missions, whkh body for thirty year·s and other interests have become vital has published foreign mission study issues, and many women's church orbooks. The fellowship thus developed ganizations are considering them in among church women led in 1915 to addition to the mission work of their the formation of the Federation of own denominations; some societies, Woman's Boards of F'Oreign Missions adding these newer responsibilities to of North America which now has in those already assumed, have become its membership twenty-nine denomi- associatIons or federations. national women's boards of foreign Christian citizenship, however, and missions of the United States and Canada. This body unitedly consid- these other interests are not denomi- national tasks, but common to all ers the whole task of Foreign Mis- Christian women, so it was natural sions, provides Christian literature that, seeking strength in unity, the for mission lands and stimulates in- women's organizations of the IDcal terest in the Women's Union Chris- churches of a community have in a tian Colleges of the Orient. number of places united to form local interdenominational councils or fed- United study of Home Missions was erations, through which Christian begun in 1903 through a committee representative of women's home mis- women might express themselves in sion boards, which led to the organiza- influence and service.

tion in 1908 'Of the Council of Women For years both the Council of Womfor Home Missions, which now has in en for Home Missions and the Federits membership twenty-four denomi- ation of Woman's Hoards of Foreign national boards of the United States Missions had contact with local interand Canada. This body unitedly denominational groups, the earliest of stUdies the efforts put forth for Chris- which were organized as long as tianizing America and furthers the twenty-five or thirty years ago. Un- joint interests of its constituent der the impetus of the Foreign Misbodies through publicity and special sion Jubilee, many more came into social welfare projects, notably work existence. They were generally among Migrants, and Religious Edu- named "Women's Church and Miscation in Government Indian Schools. sionary Union" ; later the name, In recent years the publication of ''Women's Church and Missionary home mission study books has been Federation" was used. As newer 532 groups with more inclusive programs the National Council of Federated increased in number, both the Coun- Church Women met in joint session cil and the Federation gradually en- in March, 1930, and approved the follarged the scope of their activities to lowing recommendations: include these new interdenominational groups and through a Joint Commit- That an Advisory Relationships Comtee on Women's Church and Mission- mittee be appointed; that its duties be ary Federations assisted them in their to study the programs of the three ornew undertakings. By 1928 about ganizations, plan for the approach to the fourteen hundred local interdenomi- local interdenominational groups, pronational groups had been formed. gressively discover the work that can be done together, and make recommenda- In December, 1925, the Council of tions; that the committee consist of Women for Home Missions and the three members of each of the three or- Federation of Woman's Boards of ganizations, one of whom in each case be Foreign Missions cooperated in the the president. first conference of representatives of the interdenominational groups. This Upon the ratification of these recmeeting in Pittsburgh was followed ommendations by the three organizaby annual conferences, the purpose be- tions in separate session, the Ading to stimulate the organization of visory Relationships Committee was other similar groups, and to secure appointed. In formulating a plan of greater effe'ctiveness in service by cooperation, the committee bore in Protestant women through unified mind the following principles: planning of their efforts. (1) That the establishment the world In 1927 the Council of Women for around of a Christian social order in Home Missions and the Federation of which all areas of life shall be brought Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions into harmony with the life and teaching were asked by the local interdenomi- of Jesus Christ is accepted as the ideal national groups to confer as to plans of these three groups working jointly; for harmonizing the efforts of church women more fully. As a result there (2) That a unified program of servwas formed in 1928 the National Com- ice should be prepared which, recognizmission of Protestant Church Wom- ing the difference in type and in the esen, with official representatives there- tablished alignments of these organizaon of the Council, the Federation, and tions should be the suggested plan the local interdenominational groups. through which they, moving toward fur- ther coordinated efforts, would speak At Buffalo in June, 1928, the latter and work unitedly. group formally organized nationally, and at Boston in 1929 adopted the The plan of cooperation as thus far name National Council of Federated outlined is: That in the approach to Church Women. At the end of 1929, the local interdenominational groups the National Commission of Protes- the three .organizations cooperate tant Church Women was dissolved. through the Relationships Committee which shan outline general policies; In fulfillment of the desire of these that the Committees on World Day of three organizations that all matters of Prayer, International Relations, and common interest be studied unitedly, Conferences and Schools of Missions and that by common agreement tasks be made joint committees representabe allocated to one or another of the tive of the three organizati.ons; that bodies, thus preventing confusion and local interdenominational groups be overlapping in the approach to Prot- urged to build well-rounded programs estant church women, the Administra- including local, national and internative Committees of the Council of tional interests; that in the approach Women for Home Missions, the Fed- to the I 0 c a I interdenominational eration of Woman's Boards of For- groups (1) Home Missions and Miseign Missions of North America and sionary Education for Home Missions be recognized as the special respon- sibility of the Council of Women for Home Missions, (2) Foreign Missions and Missionary Education for For-

eign Missions, as the special responsi- Chapman Catt, eight of these national bility of the Federation of Woman's women's organizations joined in call- Boards of Foreign Missions, (3) Spir- ing a Conference on the Cause and itual Life and the Christian Hume, Cure of War, which was held in Wash- Religiou-s Education, Christian Citi- ington, in January, 1925, nine organ- zenship, Legislation and Law Observ- izations participating. Out of this ance, Social Service, Drama and Mo- grew the desire for an annual con- tion Pictures, as the special responsi- ference and for a committee which bility of the National Council of Fed- should plan the program for such erated Church Women; that the af- meetings, and carry out through the filiation fees of local interdenomina- year the recommendations made by tional groups be paid to the National the delegates. Thus the National Council of Federated Church Women; Committee on the Cause and Cure of that the World Day of Prayer offer- War was set up with Mrs. Catt as ings be given to the special objects chairman, the committee being com- designated by the Council of Women posed of the president and chairman for Home Missions and the Federa- of International Relations of each par- tion of Woman's Boards of Foreign ticipating organization. Missions, such gifts being considered as constituting affiliation with those The National Committee has taken organizations. as its general objectives (1) the build- ing of effective peace machinery, (2) These recom'mendations having been the reducti.on of war machinery, and approved by v·ote of the three organ- (3) the obtaining of security against izations, the presidents are authorized war for every nation. In the interest to give them publicity in this joint 'of these objectives the annual conferstatement. ences are held to study some phase of one or all of these questions, to take MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD, President such actions as may be deemed wise, Council of Women for Home Missions. and to initiate a program for study and cooperative action among the MRS. HOWARD WAYNE SMITH, President membel's of the organizations con- Federation of Woman's Boards of For- nected with the committee. The num- eign Missions of North America. ber of organizations (looperating is now eleven, among them the Council MRS. JOHN FERGUSON, PreBident of Women for Home Missions and National Council of Federated Church Federation of Woman's Boards of Women. Foreign Missions of North America.

WORKING TOGETHER FOR PEACE The Sixth Conference on the Cause and Cure of War was held in Wash- By ELINOR K. PURVES ington, January 19-22, 1931.* The program centered around disarma- Miss Purves is chairman of the Committee ment and the building up of peace on International Relations of the Council of machinery, most of the speakel's em- 'Vornen for Home Missions. That committee phasizing the need for effective peace and the similar Committee of the }t'ederation machinery if disarmament is to make of 'Vornan's Boards 01' Foreign MiSSions, of any headway among the nations, The which Mrs, E, H, Silverthorn is chairman, conference reaffirmed its belief that the United States should become a work as a unit, member of the Permanent Court of The National Committee on the tReport of the Sixth COllfer(,llce may be Cause and Cure of War had its in- obtained from the National Committee on the ception in an attempt to secure coop- Cause and Cure of War, 1116 Grand Central erative action among some of the Terminal Bldg., New York City, for $1.00_ A .national women's organizations which pamphlet giving origin, aim and activities of have departments .of international re- the National Committee may also be procured lations through which they are trying for 5c, per copy; $4,00 per 100. to interest their membership in the study of international problems and the promotion of cooperation among the nations of the world for the maintenance. of world peace.

Under the leadership .of Mrs. Carrie

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

International Justice, and urged fa- her study not only as a possible con- vorable action by the Senate upon the tribution towards the solution of the three protocols submitted to it by the problem in question but as material President of the United States, De- for information and study for the cember 10, 1930. women of America who, through their Another resolution urged that steps organizations, are connected with the be taken to secure international con- National Committee on the Cause and ference by treaty agreement in time Cure of War, and to whom the reof cri'sis, and to determine the course cipient of the scholarship would be to be taken with a nation violating available as a speaker at program the Kellogg-Briand Pact. The Con- meetings. Definite requirements for ference also recommended to its mem- ,such a scholarship have been drawn bers the study of the agenda for the up and the candidate who has been Disarmament Conference to be held successful in meeting these requirein 1932, and the study and endorse- ments and will go abroad this summent when possible, of measures the mer is Mrs. Rachael Nason, of Conpurpose of which is to abolish military necticut.

training in secondary schools and to The National Committee has pre- make such training elective in col- pared a petition to go to the Dis- leges, universities, and educational armament Conference in 1932, and institutions other than those which through its member organizations are essentially military. hopes to secure over one million sig- The program for the year as adopt- natures. These organizations are not ed by the conference combines edu- primarily peace societies, being orcation and united acHon. It includes ganized for varying purposes and continued work on the World Court representing all kinds of programs, and the Disarmament Conference, and educational, civic, social and religious, suggests study of the League of Na- and reaching down through clubs and tions, a consultative pact, and eco- church societies into practically every nomic problems which cause war. It city and town in the United States.

was decided to build the program for The women of the church are re- the next conference around this last lated to this National Committee theme. through their local church societies The National Gommittee has been which are related to their denominain touch with women's organizations tional mission boards, and through of other countries which are inter- them related to the Council of Women ested in peace and world cooperation, for Home Missions and the Federation and at the conference in January, it ()f Woman's Boards of Foreign Miswas recommended that a committee sions. These bodies have taken active be appointed which should act as a part in the work of the National Com- Contact Committee between the wom- mittee on the Cause and Cure of War en of the United States and the wom- from its beginning. Mrs. D. Everett en of other countries in order that Waid, of the Council of Women for the various groups might be mutually Home Missions was at the time' of informed of significant steps towards her death a vice-president, Mrs. E. H. international understanding which Silverthorn, a former president of the were being taken by any of these Federation of Woman's Boards of groups. Foreign Missions followed her as a An interesting development of the vice-president of the National Com- work of the committee is the decision mittee, and this year one of the vice- to establish a scholarship by means presidents is Mrs. Fred S. Bennett, a of which a young woman shall be sent former president of the Council of abroad to study one of the "sore Women for Home Missions.

spots" of Europe, using the results of The women of the churches will be

asked to sign the petition on disarm- VISITING THE MIGRANT WORK ament, to work for the entrance of the United States into the World For some years the women of the Court, and to cooperate with women churches have been reading and hearin clubs and societies of various kinds ing about the migrants and their in the building up of better world needs and they have responded most understanding and the promotion of generously to appeals made in their world peace, which should be one of behalf. To visit the work has not the aims of all missionary endeavor. occurred to many, perhaps because mission fields are usually very far Participating Organizations away and sometimes difficult to reach. The situation is a bit different in the American Association of University case of the migrant work for the mi- Women. grants are "on our very doorstep" and Council ·of Women for Home Mis- "WE THANK THEE FOR THIS FOOD" sions. many .of the fields where work is be- Federation of Woman',s Boards of ing carried on can be reached by car Foreign Missions of North America. in half a day, sometimes less. Why not plan either this summer or this General Federation of Women's fall to visit the migrant work, have a Clubs. personal contact with the migrants and see what the work means to those National Board of the Young Wom- who are "followin'g the crops"? en's Christian Ass'ociaUons.

National Council of Jewish Women. National Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs.2 National League of Women Voters. National Woman's Christian Temperance Union. National W,omen's Oonference of American Ethical Union." National Women's Trade Union League.'

Witbout symbol, called first conference. 1 Participated in first conference. 2.Joined January, 1929 conference. S JoIned Janu ary, 1930 conference.

M-igrant Work Nationality C1"OP Season of M igrant CALIFORNIA Dos Palos •. . .. . . Mexican . …•. . … . Cotton . . …. . …. . . Oct.-Apr. Walnut Grove . . . 14 Nationalities . …. Asparagus …… . . ' April-July Hemet . . .•…… White American . … . Apricots ….. . ….. Aug. 15-0ct. 1 Kingsburg …… Mexican ……. . … Grapes •….. . . . . . . Aug. I5-0ct. 1 Fowler ………. Mexican ……… .. Grapes ………… Aug. I5-0ct. 10 OREGON Hood River …. , .White American ….. Apples …… .. ….. Sept.-Oct. Newberg .. . .. . .. White American … . . Hops ……… . … ' Sept.-Oct.

COLORADO Eaton •• • .•. • .••. Mexican .. . ……. . Sugar beets …….. All year program Brighton ..•..• } Greeley ……• Mexican •………• Sugar beets ……..All year program Hudson …… .

DELAWARE .. . . . …….. Beans, Tomatoes . . .. Aug. 15-Nov. 1 . . ……..•.. Beans, Tomatoes . … JUly 1-0ct. 15 Camden . . ….. . .Polish .. • ….•….. Beans, Tomatoes . … July 1-0ct. 1 Houston …… . .Negro …………. Beans, Tomatoes . … Aug. 1-0ct. 1 Lewes …….. . .Polish Rehoboth …••.•.Polish

Migrant Work N atlonallty Crop Sea.on 01 Migrant MARYLAND Hurlock ……… Negro …………. Tomatoes ………. Aug. 8-Oct.I NEW JERSEY Barnegat ……. Italian …………. Cranberries …. . .. Sept. 1-0ct. 15 Pemberton …… Italian …… . ….. Cranberries …….. Sept. I-Oct. 15 Whitesbog ……Italian …………. Blueberries ……… July I-Aug. 9 Whitesbog …… Italian …………. Cranberries …….. Sept. 1-0ct. 15 NEW YORK Brant ……….. Italian …………. Strawberries, Peas, Beans, Tomatoes .••. June-Sept. 15 For further details write to the National Defence by Kirby Page. Farrar Council of Women for Home Missions, and Rinehart, New York. 1931. $3.00. 105 East 22nd Street, New York, N. Y. Disarmament by Salvador de Madariaga. Coward, McCann, New York. 1929. AS WILLIAM JAMES SAW IT $5.00.

From Weekly New., New York League of Military and Naval Expenditures. Edito- rial Research Reports, Washington. Women Voters. July 25, 1930. To be obtained in li- braries. ..At the time of the Venezuelan incident in 1895, William James in a letter to a Limitation of Air Armaments. Foreign friend, Mrs. Evans, wrote wise words Policy Association Information Servthat fit the present time when reduction ice, 18 E. 41st St., New York. October of navies, disarmament, compulsory arbi- 29, 1930. 25c. tration, are debated in parliaments and where rumors of war and outbreaks in American Diplomacy in the Modern World limited areas continually threaten the by Arthur Bullard. Chapter on disprecarious peace of the world. We take armament. 127 pp. University of Pennthese from an article in the Atlantic sylvania Press, Philadelphia. 1928. Monthly for September, 1929. $1.50.

'~Three days of mob hysteria can at Between War and Peace by Florence any time undo peace habits of a hun- Brewer Boeckel. Chapters on disarmdred years; and the only permanent ament. National Council for Prevensafeguard against irrational explo- tion of War. $1.50. sions of the fighting instinct is absence of armament and of opportunity. The Turn Toward Peace by Florence Since this country has absolutely Brewer Boeckel. Chapter on disarmanothing to fear, nor any other coun- ment. Council of Women for Home try anything to gain from its inva- Missions and Missionary Education sion, it seems to me that the party Movement. $1.00 and 60c. of civilization ought immediately, at any (lost of discredit, to begin to agi- Dtsarmament on the Great Lakes by tate against any increase of either Charles H. Levermore. World Peace army, navy or coast defense. That is Foundation, 40 Mt. Vernon St., Boston. the one form of protection against the 1914. 5c. internal enemy on which we can most rely." New Wars: New Weapons by J. M. Ken- worthy. 160 pp. Elkin, Mathews and DISARMAMENT READING Marrot, 54 Bloomsbury St., W.C., Lon- don. 1930. 38, 6d. Compiled by National Council for Prevention oj War Chemical Warfare-Its POSSibilities and Probabilities by Elvira K. Fradkin. The Issues of the General Disarmament Carnegie Endowment for International Conference by Laura Puffer Morgan. Peace, 405 W. 117th St., New York. In preparation. National Council for 1929. 5c. Prevention of War. 25c. Political Consequences of the World War by Ramsay Muir. Home University Library of Modern Knowledge. 252 pp. Henry Holt and Co., New York. 1931. $1.25.

BEGIN TO PREPARE FOR WORLD DAY OF PRAYER, FEBRUARY 12, 1932

ORlD-WiDE

ISLANDS OF THE SEA the Sumatra Conference seemed to Missions in New Guinea exemplify world brotherhood.

THE Utrecht Mission turned back Reports brought out plainly the dif- the field to the Indian Church. ficulties and problems, and withal the This latter, embodying all of Ambon opportunities of the work in Sumatra. with more than 150,000 Christians, The diversity of conditions and lansaw in this a loud call of God and in guage call for the greatest ingenuity. a short time sent 40 Gurus int() this In reporting on the Asahan d.istrict, distant field. As the matter now Dr. A. H. Prussner described the stands, the Papuans of that region by three-sided struggle of paganism, no means want to be "Key People" Islam and Christianity, each striving (so named from the chief seat of the to surmount the other two. Tlle Catholic Church on the Key Islands) battle for Christianity is far from but wish to be '''Ambon People" (Prot- won. At Palembang the Sundayestants). They are crowding in school of 150 is one-half Malay, showmasses into the Protestant churches ing that Mohammedans are being and ,schools. touched to a degree. An encouraging The Neuendettelsau Mission, which thing is the request for preachers and is working in the former Kaiser Wil- teachers coming from Chinese towns helm Land, is reporting great gains. and villages around Palembang–en- Their work is among the Papuan and oouraging, yet disheartening, because Melanesian tribes. During the last the requests cannot be granted. three years the number of their baptised members has increased by 4,140 AD10ng the Igorots amounting in all to 22,026! In 1929 which is the last year covered by their I N the Protestant Episcopal Mission report, they added 2,646 adults by at Sagada, Luzon, some 8,000 peobaptism and 1,354 children. The work ple have been baptized and more than of the missionaries is progressing 3,500 are communicants. The number under the added difficulties of being is continually growing. It is useless carried on in a gold field. New gold to expect that priests and teachers can is being found oonstantly and that be sent from America to minister brings with it an influx of most un- to all these people. Workers among desirable elements. Besides, there is the Igorots themselves must be so much disease and sickness that the trained to minister to their own peomissionaries are clamoring for med- ple. For many years a school has ical missionaries. been operated in these mountains at Sagada. At first it was difficult to SUD1atra News get Igorot children to recognize the value of an education. Life in the THE third session of the Sumatra open was preferable to being cooped Mission Conference, held in Medan all day long in a classroom, studying last February, was characterized by strange new things in an unfamiliar unusual internationalism. With rep- language. Friends, snaring birds on resentatives from Germany, Sweden, the hills, gathering snails and lizards Holland and America, China and vari- and other juicy edibles in the mounous parts of the Dutch East Indies, tain brooks, were lures that enticed 538 them again and again away from those about their work to the Japanese Govwho were trying to teach them. ernment, but are in no wise hindered in their work. It is perhaps the only Conditions have changed. Brothers example of the kind in all missionary of some of these children have been history and the Japanese Government educated; they are earning unbeliev- has been punctilious in the performable sums of money, some $15, some ance of its assumed obligations. $25 a month. These men have power, influence; they are much more ad- Disciples in the Philippines mired and respected than the boys of old who ran away from the foreigners AT THE annual meeting of the and who now get a scant livelihood by Christian mission the plan was arduous toil in the ricefields, or by adopted, subject to the approval of traveling, almost daily, four, five, the United Christian missionary soeven six miles, to fetch firewood for ciety and the Philippine churches, for cooking their bit of rice and sweet reorganization of the mission with potatoes. So the boys of today, with equal representation of Filipinos and the encouragement of their fathers, missionaries on the advisory board. are seeking an education which will The plan provides for the creation of enable them to live a better and more a delegate national convention of the useful life; they walk-and the girls, Churches .of Christ in the Philippines too-for three days over almost im- as soon as travel and economic condipassable trails, across raging torrents, tions make it possible. Another act through territory their fathers would was the adoption of a definite schedule not have dared penetrate because of for the Filipinization of the evangelthe hostility of the occupants, and this istic work in the area around Manila. on the bare chance of being admitted The missionary who serves in this to an already overcrowded school. The work is, within four years, to be withobject of the school is to train boys drawn altogether and placed in other and girls who will do the Church's work. A Filipino secretary will carry work in these mountains. They have on in the place of the mis,sionary. The shown an ability we did not dream third act of interest was the creation they possessed, until now we feel sure of a department of social welfare, to our hopes for the impossible can be supplement the usual fields of misrealized.-The Living Church. sionary work known as medical, edu- cational, and evangelistic. This de- A Remarkable Mission partment will deal with the problems incident upon Filipino emigration to AFTER the War the Marshall Is- Hawaii and America. lands, which had belonged to Germany, were made mandatory to In American Islands Japan by the League of Nations. One stipulation was made, to the effect NOW and again we are reminded that the inhabitants should continue that others beside those in North to receive training by Protestant mis- America live under the Stars and .sionaries. Japan consented and sent Stripes. It has recently been profour Japanese Protestant mission- posed to give American citizenship to aries, to which since then it added the natives of Tutuila, in the Samoan two more. The Japanese Government group. Most Samoans can read and pays the salaries of these mission- write, and all are Christian. Since aries, supplies each one with a dwell- they own their land and foreigners ing, grants child aid and contributes are not permitted to buy it, they are a quota to medical expenses. The increasing in number. government also pays transportation to and from the field and grants a The Philippines have a native popfurlough every three years. The mis- ulation of ten million. Most true sionaries are required to send reports Filipino·s are Christians, (two-thirds

being Roman Catholic), while the in America they claim many converts, Moros are Mohammedan. especially. among the colored people. From Chicago headquarters is edited Guam, an island of only 210 square a monthly called The Moslem Sunrise. miles, about 1,500 miles from Manila, has a variety of mixed races with the Chinese Conduct Missions Malay strain predominating.

T In addition to these groups and HE Chinese Church of ChrIst, Chi- cago, the only Chinese Christian Hawaii, the United States has two other possessions in the Pacific, Wake Church in the Central States, conducts Island, between Hawaii and Hong- seven missions for the purpose of con- kong (about one square mile in area) verting Chinese to Christianity and and the Midway Islands, 1,200 miles teaching them the English language.

northwest of Hawaii. Wake Island is This work was organized 15 years ago uninhabited and there are about and is interdenominational in scope.

thirty-five persons living on the Mid- Funds to aid it are being secured way Islands. through the selling of Chinese dinners Puerto Ricans are American citi- and the sale of Oriental fancy goods.

zens, as are natives of the Virgin Ravages of the Automobile Islands. THE public seems to be indifferent about the enormous slaughter NORTH AMERICA caused by the automobile, yet were a pestilence to breed such destruction Searching Facts of life the land would be in a panic. Statistics compiled by the Metropoli- WHAT the Home Missions Council tan Life Insurance Company show calls "the unescapable challenge that the machine has been responsible of the unmet religious needs of the for 282,000 killings in the last fifteen nation" is that there are in America years, of which 1930 contributed 32,- today: 500 while the injured totaled 960,000. Pedestrians were slain to the number Ten thousand communities without a of 14,034, while 329,712 were injured. church of any kind, Jewish, Roman In the matter of collisions with other Catholic or Protestant; vehicles there were 373,889 smashes resulting in 6,712 deaths and 473,953 Thirty thousand communities with- mJuries. Fixed objects were hit to out a resident pastor; the number of 41,454, with 3,586 fa- talities. Out of the enormous total, Thirteen million four hundred thou- 564,630 cases were traced to downsand children under 12 years of age right carelessness, to which 27,235 who are receiving no religious in- deaths and 643,795 injuries were struction of any kind; More than one-half of the total Arne ric a n population unconnected with any institution representing organized religion.

Moslems in America credited. This horrible record does not seem to excite the slightest emo- 'l'HE Ahmadiyya sect was founded tion. Add to this the incidental ex- .1 by Hazrat Ahmad, who claimed to travagances and we need not look be the Messiah. He was born in 1836 further for the cause of many of our and died in 1908. He was succeeded social and economic evils. – The by Hazrat Morza Bashirud-Din Mah- Churchman.

mud Ahmad. This sect claims to represent true Islam and has estab- Japanese Institute, Ne…. York T lished mi,ssions in London, Chicago, HE Japanese Christian Institute is known among the Japanese from Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, Palestine, West Africa, Mauritius, coast t'o coast as one place in New Australia, and Malaya. They pro- York where a newcomer will find ad- claim racial and social equality and vice and a friendly welcome. A young

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Japanese teacher, who lately came to Factor in Social Work," "The Rural America writes: Minister and Social Work," "The Church and Unemployment," "Reli- I was teacher in big school for girls gion and Mental Hygiene," "Spiritual in Japan, and came to America to study Effects and Values of Community conditions of American high schools. Chests," and the "Moral and Educa- When I arrived in San Francisco I was tional Problems Arising from a Genalone. Five days to cross the continent, eral Dissemination of Knowledge of no friends, very poor knowledge of Eng- Birth Control." lish, stranger in strange country! I thought of many different gods of Japan; The Church Conference of Social I had them in my trunk, suitcases, even Work aims to emphasize the spiritual carried one on my person, given me by and social aspects of human needs and my well-wishers for "bon voyage." to range the religious forces more These trinkets of many different gods completely behind social service. The did not ,help a bit. I was lonesome. I objectives of the Church Conference was helpless. I was put on train by a of Social Work include: The develop- Japanese minister with introduction to ment of scientific methods in the sothe Japanese Christian Institute on cial work of the Protestant Churches; Fifty-seventh Street, New York. I was the development of understanding and met by a minister from the Institute when I reached Grand Central Station. cooperation between churches and so- After supper at the Institute I felt I must make confession that I had been cial agencies; the making of religion deeply touched by the way I was treated a greater redemptive force in all social all the way through the unknown coun- life. try. I said, "Mrs. Shimizu, I saw Christ walking the streets of America all the Bible in Southern Night Schools way. I saw Him in conductors, redcaps, among fellow travelers and children too. !DULT Night Schools in North Car- American people were so kind to me. t.. olina, now sponsored by the coun- I am so glad that I am in Christian ty or city Boards of Education, in country and am so happy in Christian Buncombe County around Asheville Institute where Christ is the center of have been going on for some years all activities." with unusually fine results. A few years ago in the foothills of the Great Now I am learning to be real Chris- Smokies we saw a room full of people tian teacher because I found the Great ranging in age from twenty to seventy, Teacher in my heart.-Christian Intelli- all keen to study the four R's (they gence,/,. have four in the South) reading, 'rit- ing, 'rithmetic, and religion, also. Church Conference of Social Work These adults have ambition to learn THE National Conference of Social so that they can read the Bible. Workers and the Church Conference of Social Work, organized by the A man of forty years won a large Federal Council of the Churches met print Testament in the night schools. at Minneapolis, June 14-20. J{)int ses- When people visit him he shows it to sions were arranged to relate the them and says, "That's what night Church program to that of the Nation- school means to me. They gave me al Conference. Pastors and church this and taught me to read it. It workers, were thus brought into co- means more to me than anything in operation with leaders in the field of the world." social work. The women's clubs in various places The spiritual resources of the so- have initiated these schools and after cial worker were discussed by Dr. demonstrating their value and bless- Richard C. Cabot, President of the ing to the community the county National Conference of Social Work; boards have helped to finance them, or J. Prentice Murphy of Philadelphia, taken them over completely.-WiUiam Dr. Worth M. Tippy of New York H. Richie, in The Sunday School and Dr. Graham Taylor of Chicago. Times.

Among the topics considered at the conference were-"The Pastor and Life Adjustment," "The Church as a

An Ideal Summer Resort educational work in central Mexico, SILVER BAY, on Lake George, was for evangelistic and educational work established as a religious confer- in the States of Tabasco, Campeche, ence ground thirty years ago. This Yucatan, and Quintana Roo, the work- beautiful summer resort is now open ers are encouraged to hope that all to Christian people and their families missionary work may one day be enseeking a vacation which combines trusted to the Mexicans.

outdoor sport with round table dis- Protestant Work in Mexico cussions with leaders in world affair,s. For two weeks, August 1st to A RECENT controversy broke out 14th, all the recreational facilities of in the daily press of Mexico City the place may also be enjoyed. over President Hoover's congratula- tory message to the Lutheran Church, Dr. Joseph R. Sizoo, pastor of the in which he referred to Protestant New York Avenue Presbyterian Christianity's substantial contribu- Church, Washington, D. C., Bishop tions to the progress of civilization. Ernest M. Stires and other leaders in The press gave Protestants the opreligion, sociology and economics will portunity to state the facts. speak. Subjects for round table discussions will include "The Romance Evangelical schools, almost without and Tragedy of the Machine Age," exception, are full to overflowing, and "America'l! . Battle-Capitalism vs. there is increasing respect for their Communism," "Law Observance-in work even by Catholic prelates. D. High Places and Low," "Russia- J. Hauser, secretary of Union Sem- China-India," "Christianity and Athe- inary, Mexico City, reports that evanism at Grips," "Saving the World gelical Christianity in Mexico now from Narcotics," "I n tel I e c t u a I enrolls more than 100,000 constituents Riches-and the Needle's Eye" "Mar- and adherents, but its influence is riage and the Home." .stronger than its numerical strength would indicate. Prof. G. Baez Cam- LATIN AMRICA argo, a leader of evangelical forces, c·ontributes to a prominent Mexico Toward Autonom.y in Me;';'co City daily a regular column entitled "The Pulse of the Times," in which he THE first year of independence of gives a Christian interpretation to the Presbytery of the City of Mex- current events. ico ended most satisfactorily. Although the acceptance of full responsi- bility for the evangelistic work in GuateDlala. Industrial College T their field meant a heavy financial ob- HE Industrial College under the Presbyterian Mission in Guatemala ligation, the Presbytery responded by raising over 63,000 pesos ($30,000). City has made especial progress in Total contributions of the National agriculture. The Advance-Rumely Synod amounted to more than 125,000 Company, by way of advertisement, pesos, or $60,000, during the past contributed a tractor which ha,s been year. Complete aut 0 nom y was an additional asset in operating an granted the Presbytery of Mexico City irrigation system, and forces 200 liters in April, 1929, and there has been a of water per minute from the river steady growth of mutual love and to the crops. A German agricultur- esteem between nationals and mission- ist assists with the cattle and field aries. Missionaries who have taken crops.

work under the direction of the Na- The dairy represents the greatest tional Church report that they have financial hope. Sixteen good milk received courteous and considerate cows are fast paying for themselves.

treatment at the hands of their Mex- Milk, butter and cream from the farm ican fellow workers. While the Pres- are in great demand because of their byterian Board is still responsible for superior quality, and they bring the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

top prices. When the cows are paid Kabyle Moslems emphasize the Gospel for, the dairy will go a long way to- teachings to which Moslems are most ward supporting the college. Special bitterly opposed: Jesus and His death attention is being given to building for man. One group of Moslems up confidence of the business men in come an hour's journey by taxi to this the city. The college is accordingly Paris mission, and the Kabyle taxiallowed from 10 to 25 per cent dis- driver leaves his car in the street to count on most of its purchases. attend the service.

Kabyle converts returning to Mo- In the Panama Canal Zone rocco take the Gospel with them. One BISHOP MORRIS of the Protestant writes: "I have distributed twelve Episcopal Church has given ten hundred and fifty copies of the Gospel years of faithful service in Panama. since I have been here." He has had St. Luke's Cathedral, Ancon, was the several changes of post but carries on first major enterprise which he under- his Christian testimony at each place, took and the Children's Home for the not without danger. There are 110,- care of {Jrphans and homeless children, 000 North Africans in Francehas been a blessing to scores of young Moors, Arabs and Algerian Kabyles.

boys and girls. Along the length of Three Moorish Christians have joined Paris churches, one of them the Canal, the church's work among carrying on an aggressive evangelistic the white residents and the West In- work in his own quarter. A former dian Negroes has been strengthened. EI Azhar University student listens to the Gospel, frequently breaking into Bishop Morris can look back up<Jn exclamations of surprise. Frequently an episcopate characterized by con- French or Italians see Moslems readstructive and successful work, and by ing Scriptures and ask for it themministry in manifold form to individ- selves. Mr. Warren has issued two ual men and women. In the last ten bi-lingual leaflets, "The Story of Two years everything that Bishop Morris Sons" and "The Story of Creation and planned to do, has, with ·one exception, Fall," designed to induce the Kabyles been accomplished. That exception is to read the Scriptures in their own a church for the growing congrega- language. tion of white people at New Cristobal at the Atlantic end of the canal. For several years this congregation has been using Christ Church in the ad- Refu.ge for French Unfortunates T joining city of Colon. Bishop Morris HE Salvation Army in Paris is adding to its previous relief instiis convinced that the church's work in the Zone will be furthered and the tutions in France a City of Refuge best service rendered to both the Ne- in the Quartier de la Gare, Paris.

gro and the white people by having This is for men, women and children.

separate church buildings. He has It will accommodate 500 people with asked for thirty-five thousand dollars beds, and will have restaurants, meet- for this purpose, which item is in- ing rooms, workshops, a clinic, a day cluded in the Advance Work Program." nur8ery, a bureau of information, and -John W. Wood. the like. Affiliated with the Paris Center will be the Floating Refuge EUROPE (150 beds), a Home for Young Men (100 rooms), a People's Foyer at Moslems in France Marseillea (275 beds), a Foyer for MR. THOMAS WARREN, who is Young Men at Nice (50 beds), a Res- working to evangelize the M08- cue Home at Nimes with 25 places. lems in France, tells us in Warld Do- Five million of the ten million francs minion that hymn-singing is a great needed to finance these institutions aid and that the favorite hymns of the have been subscribed.-S. S. Times.

The Spanish ltepublic deplorable, and alien legislation is de- THE Espana Evangelica, the weekly signed to aggravate ,still further an published by Pastor Fliedner of intolerable situation.

the Evangelical Mission in Spain, wel- "In Poland, 3,000,000 Jews are fac- comes the new republic. During the ing economic disaster and many have dictatorship this weekly appeared only committed suicide because of intoler- with the authorization of the censor able conditions.

and often there were blank spaces "In Rumania much has to be done which marked items deleted by the to satisfy even a modest conception ban of this official. Then numbers did of justice so far as the status of the not appear at all and others were pre- Jewish population in the political and vented from being sent to America. ec'Onomic field is c'Oncerned.

With one turn all this has been "In Germany, the Jewish popula- changed and the front page of the tion, numbering 600,000, formerly one Espana Evange.lica now heralds the of the most prosperous branches of new day of religious liberty. Jewry, has become destitute, intimi- "At last we see realized an ideal dated and submerged in bleak despair.

which our fathers dreamed of, but Jew-baiting and Jew-beating are the could not convert into actuality: the order of the day. Synagogues are be- republic proclaimed in Spain [" ing defaced, cemeteries desecrated and The provisional government, in the in the province of Thuringia, a special first meeting' of the cabinet, granted clause has been inserted to the prayers an interesting declaration, setting of school children, supplicating the forth its program and its decision to Divine Power to keep 'Out of the sacred respect the individual conscience in soil of the German Republic the 'alien liberty of faith and worship. The races,' avowedly, Jews.

State reserves the right to require "There is Anti-Semitism in Hun- citizens to make known their religious gary, where 'Jews' have been dis- convictions. missed en masse from productive es- Sweden's Interest in Missions tablishments."-New York Times.

HOUGH a small country, Sweden Signs of Revival in Germany Tcontributed last year $1,322,792 to G foreign missions. These voluntary ERMANY seems ripe for a reli- gious revival, according to Prof.

contributions increased 13 per cent Hugh Mackint'Osh of Edinburgh. He over last year. There are 16 mission- says this is evidenced by three things: ary organizations working in 29 fields, Germany has suffered for past sins including China, Africa and India. and has been humbled so that there Last year 797 missionaries were em- is no self-sufficiency left; ployed abroad.-Watchman Examiner. The rationalistic theology has Anti-Semitism in Europe proved ineffective and the people are turning to a simpler faith in God and ECONOMIC anti-S e mi tis m has His Word; placed millions of Jews in Europe Positive notes of Christian faith on on the brink of disaster and starva- • a sound basis have been sounded forth tion, declares Dr. Joseph Tenenbaum, by German religious leaders.-The chairman of the Executive Committee Record of Christian Work. of the American Jewish Congress.

"This e con 0 m i c anti-Semitism, Serbian Patriarch for Cooperation F rampant in Eastern and Central Eu- OR· the first time since his en- thronement a year ago, the patrirope, is a more destrudive weapon than mere anti-Semitic agitation. arch of the Serbian Church, Barnabas, "Surveys reveal a revival of anti- has made an 'Official statement regard- religious persecution in Russia. In ing his attitude toward interchurch Lithuania, the plight of the Jew is cooperation. Here is a significant

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paragraph from his Easter proclama- in large measure to the influence of tion: "The whole Christian world, Christian education from the West, and especially the Orthodox Church, has made itself felt even in the rigid feels with keen sorrow the unhappy Al Azhar. To the traditional courses division among Christian churches. in Arabic and Moslem law and the- It weakens their efforts at extending Qlogy, courses in modern languages Christianity in the heathen world, and and science are being added. hinders their struggle with atheism, materialism and other unmoral and The Ethiopia Missions perverse views of modern life. The Orthodox Church never ceases tQ pray THE United Presbyterian Mission for the union of all God's churches. to Abyssinia has changed its name The whole Orthodox Church is glad to "The Ethiopia Mission." Abyssinia to collaborate with all other churches is a foreign name for that land, and in a spirit of true good will, in solving among the Arab nations in the past the great problems facing all of Chris- has been a name of reproach. The tianity today, and first of all in the country has always been called great causes of world peace and Ethiopia by its own people. This brotherhood." change of name is a courteous act of the missionaries who are there upon The Balkan Council of the Alliance a friendly mission. The name will for Promoting Friendship Through be a reminder of the Queen Sheba who the Churches met in Belgrad in June. sought out Solomon, of the queen's treasurer who found Christ in the AFRICA desert, and of the promise that some day Ethiopia will stretch forth her Unreached Moors hands unto God.

DUGALD CAMPBELL, who has On May 16, brief messages were spent many years carrying the broadcast to the missionaries in Gospel to various Sudanese tribes, Ethiopia, by Dr. W. B. Anderson, writes: "The only untouched, and as Secretary of the United Presbyterian yet untouchable, part of the Garden of Board, and other officials. There were Allah is the Rio de Oro, inhabited by also personal messages from the famscores of hostile tribes of Moors, who ilies of the missionaries. acknowledge no outside authority, and who have held many Europeans as Nigeria Seeks the Gospel slaves. They are the Almoravides, former cQnquerors of Spain and Port- A LARGE tract of the Niger Delta, ugal highly educated in Islamic lore called Isoko Country, densely and 'laws, and fierce haters of Chris- peopled with heathen, has only retians. I have met some of them, and cently begun to be evangelized. Three found them willing listeners to the C. M. S. clergy and two women mis- Gospel, and ready purchasers of sionaries are in this pestilential re- Arabic Scriptures." gion, battling against witchcraft and fetish worship. A few native teachers AI .Azhar Makes Adjustments from other tribes have volunteered to help. Two C. M. S. missionaries have V ISITORS to Al Azhar, famous lost their lives in these fever-ridden, citadel of Mohammedan orthodoxy tropical swamps. in Cairo, and reputed to be the oldest university in the world, can no longer During the last seven years a great be told that its curriculum has not mass movement has resulted. There changed in a thousand years. are now in the comparatively small area 104 churches, many very large The curriculum of this Moslem seat ones. Two churches alone have over of learning has always been based 2,600 regular adherents, and the total on the Koran. But the revival of in- is about 20,000. At Ozora, at morntellectuallife in the Moslem world, due 5

ing and evening prayers, there is an her bridegroom be abolished, or, made average of 900 attending, and more on nominal. This CongrESS also de- Sundays; Aviara the same, and up to manded that divorce be made more 1,500 on Sundays. Other churches difficult. At present, if a man desires have very large attendances. It is to get rid of his wife, it is a simple often necessary to make a cordon matter and the wife practically has around the missionary's house, to keep nothing to say. This group of women the people back until he has his meals. asks that divorce be granted only in exceptional cases and for weighty rea- South African Leper Institution sons. They request that laws be passed making eighteen the minimum T HE Emjafiyafia Leper Institution age of both parties in marriage. is in many respects a model of They also seek compulsory school atwhat such homes should be. Step by tendance for both boys and girls, and step, the prison system has been aban- the prohibition of the employment of doned, and one approximating native children under fourteen. village life adopted. Patients select headmen from among themselves, and Changing Persia these administer the affairs of the community, trying cases in public in I (ING AMANULLAH'S attempted the old native way. They are respon- reforms in Afghanistan have not sible for the equitable distribution of been without their effect in Persia. rations, and sEie that rules are obeyed. While the movement for the unveiling The patients have gardens to culti- of women, has not made much progvate; own property; work for wages; ress, the cause of women's .education buy and sell; remit money to their is steadily going forward. There are homes; have Post Office Savings Bank seventy-six more girls' schools in accounts and may have quite a sum to Persia today than there were three their credit when discharged as cured. years ago. Persia is the only one There are schools for the children, and of the original Moslem countries Anglican and Wesleyan churches. where Christian converts are to be About half the patients are Christian, found. Communities of these have most of them becoming so after en- sprung up in the last ten years, but trance. Many learn to read, and be- the policy of the Government is to put come local preachers upon their return difficulties in the path of these conhome. verts, and to check their numbers. The lot of the Christian Persian is There is an air of cheerfulness sur- steadily becoming harder. prising to see. Some time ago the patients, entirely on their own initiative, News From Bahrain convened a general meeting and discussed what they should do to in- BAHRAIN Boy's School found it fluence other sufferers from leprosy necessary this year to employ an to come to the Institution. additional teacher, a Palestinian con- vert from Islam. The enrolment WESTERN ASIA reached 76 in 1930, about one-fourth Syrian Wom.en Make Demands being Jews and Christians. Two were Hindus, the rest Mohammedans. As THE Oriental Woman's Congress in the past, English instruction is the which convened recently at Da- drawing card. mascus, Syria, passed resolutions which, if carried through, will make The Girl's School enrolled 107 for striking changes in the status of wom- the year, of which 76 were Moslem. en in that country. It is desired that The school is being operated on $33.00 the purchase price, now paid by the a month. Cordial relations are main- Moslem for his bride, and the dowry tained between these two schools, and which the non-Moslem bride brings to power for good is being generated.

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Medical work has also grown, dis- ings; "I cannDt cDmmand it, but I pensary treatment showing an in- suggest that we dD nDt have questiDns crease 'Of 7,632 cases, with 171 mere tonight, hut that we go quietly home operations in the Men's Hospital and a to think and tD pray 'Over what the corresponding grewth in the Wemen's speaker has said tD us." Hospital. Outcalls have been made in every direction. Indian nurses proved At the students' camp near Delhi so capable that they make many calls there was an undertDne 'Of unrest without a physician.-Neglected Ara- amDng the students, fDr the NatiDnalbia. ist mDvement had struck the Chfi.stian students tD. When decisiDns were INDIA, BURMA, SIAM asked for, the first to r€spond was a leading Nationalist, and one by one Untouchables in Schools the several hundred students tODk a unanimous stand for Christ. T HE Educational Department 'Of the Government of Bombay has issued Dr. Jones reports more skeptiqism a regulation that reads as follDws; than in the previDus twenty years, but he feels it tD be a sign of the slough- The GDvernment of Bombay has laid ing 'Off of dead superstition. down their policy that nD disability should be imllosed on the children 'Of the Cost of Discipleship depressed classes receiving educatiDn in schools conducted by any public author- I N AN outcaste village 'Of South ity. The depressed classes pay tbe same India a heathen festival was tD take rates and taxes as other classes so tbat place. Before the idol grove trenches they should have equal educatiDnal facili- were being dug as all fODd tD be eaten ties. Those WhD object tD the education would have tD be cooked before the 'Of these classes along with their own chil- gods, 'Offered to them, and then be dren are at liberty to make their 'Own ar- taken for the feast. rangements withDut assistance from public funds. Where public schDols are held This ceremony sorely troubled an in temples or sacred buildings or in build- outcaste lad whD recently had been ings hired subject to the condition 'Of the baptized. DDwn tD the mission house exclusion 'Of the depressed classes, efforts he went to talk with the missiDnary. should be made to obtain other accom- "Sir," he said, "Do you think I should modation. There has been some improve- eat fODd that will be 'Offered to idDls ment in recent years, but the policy 'Of tDmorrow?" The missiDnary knew admissiDn 'Of depressed class children has that to ask a boy tD go witheut fODd not been given effect in all places and for a whole day while the rest 'Of the there are many SChODls in which they are family were feasting was not an easy not allowed to sit with the rest of the matter. Turning tD the boy he said, children attending the SChODls. The GDV- "What is Jesus saying to YDU in YDur ernment will not tolerate such a state of heart?" The boy replied, "He says, affairs. They direct that in all publicly 'Don't.' " The missionary answered, managed institutiDns there ShDUld be "If Jesus says in YDur heart, 'DDn't,' equality of treatment between children there is nD use asking me what you 'Of different communities advanced, back- are tD dD." TDgether they asked God ward or depressed. tD give the lad grace to do what Jesus had said tD him in his heart. The Indian Road On the festival day the little band E STANLEY JONES has held 'Of Christians gathered to hDld their • meetings in centers where polit- service among the assembled idol WDr- shippers who were watching the fDDd ical disturbances have been acute. At being CODked before the gDds. The Meerut, the center 'Of the nonCODper- idDls were to the right and the Chrisative movement, the famous CDmmu- tian 'Open-air meeting to the left 'Of nist trial has been in prDgress 'Over a the entrance to the village. The singyear; Nationalists had held nightly meetings with an attendance of frDm 5,000 tD 50,000, yet Dr. JDnes spDke tD a crDwded hall each night. A Hindu lady-a prDminent NatiDnalistsaid at the clD·se of 'One 'Of the meet-

ing of the Christians was well started uplift of the Indian women. I honestly when the lad appeared at the village think that they have done more for womentrance. Would he join his family en's education in this country than the by th~ idols and so be assured of a government itself. At pTesent India has feast, or would he stand with the several other religious bodies doing work Christians and thus forego his food? in the field of women's education, but in The missionary lifted his heart to God the past the Christian missionaries were for ,strength and courage to be given, the only agencies in that field, as is seen and presently the lad turned toward from the history of their institutions the little group of Christians and be- spread throughout the length and breadth fore his heathen relatives took his of India, under the selfless and devoted stand for Christ and against the gods. management of Christian workers-both When the lad returned home, he asked men and women. his heathen father if he might have food that had not been offered to idols. Had it not been for this noble band of But his father drove him from the Christian women teachers, who are the home telling him that if he would not product of the missionary training eat what the family was eating he schools, even this much advancement in could have nothing. the education of the Indian women would not have been possible; even this day in Since this event God has honored every province we find the missionary the faithful witness of the young out- women teachers working hard in a spirit caste. Persecution followed, but to- of love and faith, in out-of-the-way vilday he is one of the finest Christian lages, where the Hindu and Moslem wommen in his village-blessed and hon- en dare not penetTate, Even now they ored of God.-H. MERRIWEATHER, in form the strength of the teaching prothe Ceylon and India General Mission fession. More than the educational and Bulletin. the cultural contribution made by these missionary agencies to the Indian nation, A Hindu Woman's Testimony the noble and self-sacrificing examples of the men and women who, infused with a MRS. MUTHULAKSHMI REDDI, a spirit of love and service for suffering well-known Hindu lady of Ma- humanity and true to the teachings of dras, and a doctor by profession, has their prophet, face obstacles and live been taking an active part in social very often a single lonely life, cannot but reform activities. She was a member have a very beneficial effect upon the and deputy president of the Madras men and women of the country. Legislative Council. Through her untiring efforts a bill was placed on Church Union in South India the statute book of that province prohibiting the dedication of girls to THE union into one South India Hindu temples as deva dasis (servants United Church, with the Wesleyans of the gods), which in actual practice and the Church of England, has promeans prostitution. gressed one step further. This plan was initiated in 1919, was submitted Presiding over the All-India Wom- to the churches and has since been en's Conference at Lahore in January, undergoing a process of adaptation. Dr. Reddi said of the work done by The Joint Committee has now come Christian missionaries for women's to an unanimous agreement on the education in India: main outline of the plan, and is sub- mitting it for approval to the churches I will be failing in my duty if I do not in India, as well as to the affiliated offer a word of tribute to the several mis- churches in England and America. sionary educational organizations who have been the pioneers in every province The general principle of the agree- in the cause of female education. The ment is the recognition of the values woman population of this country has in each of the churches, and an at- been placed under a deep debt of grati- tempt to frame a basis of union which tude to the missionary agencies for their should preserve them all. The final valuable contribution to the educational paragraph of the Foreword is in part as follows: We fully realize that there are differ- ences of belief, of practice and of tradi- tion, but we are fully convinced that the members of the uniting churches will

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bring into the common life and organiza- obtaimng a vision and an evangelistic tion of the United Church whatever of passion and new doors are being value' they have learned in their separate opened on many sides.-C. L. Klein in organizations. "The, News."

Let us do all that in us lies to share Siam Encourages Missions with each other all that God has given us by way of revelation and enlighten- CHRISTIANITY is free to extend ment. itself by every fair means in every place in Siam. In many pieces Good News from Burma. of missionary, educational, medical and welfare work, the highest officials THE whole Shwegyin Field is alive of the government generously coop- with interest about evangelism. erate with gifts and commendation. Here is evidence that a town school can be an evangelizing agency. We King Chulal'Ongkorn, the greatest were assisted by two men from the leader of Siam's renaissance, once seminaries, but the work was done said: "American missionaries have largely by the team. Behind the cam- done more f.or the advancement of my paign was weeks of prayer by three people than any other foreign influprayer groups. ence, and the Siamese rulers today are grateful for the many benefits in- January 23, the Shwegyin Karen troduced to their subjects by Presby- School Gospel Team left town to hold terian missionaries. Modern medicine a campaign at Saw Thet Tah Village. and surgery, education in public This team was made up of twenty health, the segregation and care of member-s including the missionary lepers, of wh'Om there are a large and school band. We walked twelve number, proper obstetrics and care miles in the heat of the day, each per- of children, have been some 'Of the son carrying some luggage. We achievements 'Of Presbyterian misclimbed over two mountains and sions in Siam. waded streams knee-deep no less than five times before we reached our des- The present king of Siam, like his tination. We were happy, because the two predecessors, is a highly enlightlove of God was in our souls and our ened, progressive and benev'Olent ruler. hearts and minds were filled with an It is told that once when visiting anindomitable purpose. other country the king was informed that 'One of his princes was living This time we had no one from out- there. "What does he do?" inquired side to help us but God was with us. the king. "Why, nothing," was the The campaign was the biggest and reply. His majesty rejoined, "Then the best yet conducted by our group. he doesn't bel'Ong to us. We work." As a result two backsliders, one out And so they do, for the welfare and of the church more than twenty years, advancement of their country. – The seven from Christian homes and ilfty- Presbyterian. four from heathen homes came to Christ. One of the fifty-four was a CHINA Karen Buddhist priest. We discovered that the sixty-three came from nine- Banditry Endangers Mission teen villages-some villages as far as twenty miles distant from Saw Thet LONG-CONTINUED '0 r g ani zed Tah. Nearly half the nonChristians banditry in Shaowu, North Fukien in attendance left before four o'clock, Province, where the American Board Sunday afternoon, but of those re- has been at work for nearly fifty years, maining all but about six persons bas endangered the lives of missionclaimed Christ for their Saviour. aries and has done much to prevent their work from being effective. Events seem to point to the beginnings of a revival in Shwegyin. No Dr. Walter Judd, an American phyless than fifty villages are calling for sician, has been the only f'oreign campaigns. The leaders are rapidly

worker in the station for some time, cently bought ground in the vicinity having directed the mission hospital of about 40 modern factories with ap- at Shaowu since 1925. He has now proximately 40,000 workers and will closed the hospital, where for over two put up a simple hut as the beginning years he ministered to the suffering of a social center to work mainly for populace and a stream of wounded the promotion of the workers' health soldiers and bandits. and education. This center will con- Although his life was continuously tain class and reading rooms and a endangered by roving outlaw bands, clinic for handling the common medi- who are intensely anti-foreign, Dr. cal needs.

Judd remained at his post until he was called home for medical treatment. Earnest Christian Students T In 1925 there were eighteen American HE Chinese Chri,stian Student Movement, starting a few years Board missionaries in Shaowu engaged in medical, educational and evangelistic ago with a cooperative staff from the work. Chinese Christians are now in various missions and the Y. M. C. A., charge of the station. has become a fellowship of Christian Dr. Judd once faced a Communist students, men and women, banded in firing squad, from which he escaped, local and provincial groups, with the when a soldier to whom he had given double purpose of sharing their Chris- medical aid stood before him. At tian life and experience with each Shaowu the hospital was looted seven other and with their fellow-students, times by bandits. and of going out into the common life Dr. Judd is a graduate of the Uni- of the people; to bridge the deep and versity of Nebraska and was formerly ancient gulf between scholar and a traveling secretary of the Student worker; and to do what they can to Volunteer Movement in America. find and meet the needs of "the other Shanghai Model Village half." These student groups invite a few advisors, foreign and Chinese, to FOR four years the Shanghai Y. M. meet with them as they plan their C. A. has been conducting a model programs, but the initiative is theirs.

village for workers at Pootung. With In all they undertake, these ·students the cooperation of surrounding fac- show the sincerity of their convictions tories and organizations the associa- and their eagerness to help and benefit tion has built some 24 simple but their fellows, by living out their sanitary houses for rent to the work- Christianity. ers at only $3 Mex. to $4 a month, supplying them also with free water The Chinese Mission to Lepers T and other facilities. The association HE Church at home is hardly aware of her share in China in conducts in the village hall a day school for the workers' children (num- one of our modern miracles, the cure bering 150), and an evening school of leprosy by the use of chaulmoogra for adult workers (of whom 45 at- oil. There are about 1,000,000 lepers tend). Through these educational ef- in China, and this discovery will make forts many workers have improved possible a total, though gradual, eradi- their physical, financial and family cation of this fearful disease. What is conditions. The village is an experi- the share of the Church in this great ment center. From many places in the work?

interio.r of China requests have come The central committee in Shanghai for information and advice regarding is entirely Christian. There are four- the improvement of housing condi- teEn asylums for lepers in China, some tions, and attempts have already been at Hangchow, Foochow. Amoy, Pakoy, made in other cities to copy the work Siaokan, Nanchang. The Nanchang of the Pootung Model Village. Asylum, which is nearly completed, The Shanghai Association has re- is costing the sum of $10,000 Mexican,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

practically all of it given by Chinese. rural districts to Chri,st, the coopera- It is located in the open country five tive societies by which he hopes to miles out from the city, and in the develop a communal interest among interval .of building, forty lepers are the Christians of Japan, and the labor living in rented quarters, entirely in- group for whom he plans unemploy- adequate. The modern treatment is ment and sick insurance, as well as an used, and the central committee fi- increasing voice in the political and nances the cost of treatment. A economic life of the land? trained nurse, Chinese, is in charge, while a foreign missionary doctor is The Kingdom of God Movement medical attendant. moves 'On and thousands of "decisions" are being made each week. Peasant Equipment for the new building,s to Gospel schools are being established, the amount of $1,000 Mexican was cooperativ(s and other social programs promised at the meeting of the com- are getting under way, church memmittee in Shanghai in November, at- berships are growing, Christ is being tended by Bishop Huntingdon and the preached fr·om shore to shore in the Rev. Mr. Den, chairman of the Fi- empire. nance Committee of the Nanchang Asylum. Japanese Charity The Chinese Mission to Lepers co- THE influence of the Gospel on operates with the London Mission to Japan in teaching charity has re- Lepers and the American Missi'On to sulted in establishing a number of Lepers. This year it begins a five- charitable institutions. W her e as year program which includes the call- formerly there was no organized charing of a National Leper Conference; ity, now all over the country there are organization of a Central Leprosy charity organizations. Many of these Council; enactment of leper laws; institutions are headed by Japanese establishment of at least one leper Christians. There are asylums for h'Ospital in every affected province; the blind, deaf and dumb and the inopening of leper clinics in every large sanj!. There has been a complete refcity; care and training of untainted ormation in these things. The famous children of lepers.~Virginia E. Hunt- orphanage at Wakayama has f'Or years ington, in The Living Church. cared for thousands upon thousands of 'Orphan children. Show me a hos- JAPAN-CHOSEN pital, an orphanage, an asylum for the aged and infirm, and I will tell Kingdom of God Movement you that it was directly due to the influence of the Gospel which the mis- THE Kingdom of God Movement is sionaries preached and taught.~O!tt­ torn with conflicting ideas and look of Missions. purposes, new vs. old, foreign vs. native, unity vs. established churches. A "Dry" Japanese Boat The heterogeneity of the various elements c.omprising it becomes ap- A CCORDING to the Japan Times, a parent. How can the Japanese denom- tl. 2,000 ton freightzr, the Shima inations bec·ome parties to such a Maru, recently docked at Tokyo with movement without claiming for their a gigantic sign "No Drinking" on respective churches as many of the board. It is Japan's first "dry" boat, "kesshinsha" (decisions) as possible? and it is "bone dry." Its captain, How can fundamentalists and m'Od- Jitsutaro Iwata, is the man who is ernists give their best to such an chiefly responsible for starting the evangelistic campaign without intro- Japan Marine Prohibition League. ducing doctrinal considerations? How Four boats out .of twelve which this can Mr. Kagawa be denied the privi- steamship company owns are observlege of organizing the Peasant Gospel ing prohibition, and the League has schools by which he hopes to train some 200 seamen enrolled. On the 2,500 lay evangelists for winning the

above-mentioned ship, the thirty-eight encouragement within these walls. This seamen all practice teetotalism on friendly spirit is prompted by their reshore as well as aboard ship. ligious ideals, and their noble purpose ought never to be lost sight of by you." "Are you really teetotalers always?" they were asked by newspaper men. The English secretary of the Gov- ernor-General, Mr. N. Kondo, said in "Occasional drinking means no pro- part: hibition, doesn't it?" they replied. I am not representing a government "Don't you drink beer sometimes?" official, but a simple friend who always "Beer is an alcoholic drink." prayed for this school, for its develop- "What do you do on Near Year's ment and success. Furthermore, I am a and Bon days?" Christian, and was educated in a Chris· "We do not touch even ceremonial tian college. Therefore, I thoroughly sake." understand how needed true Christian "But you still drink sake at bars and education is at this age of unrest and cafes ?" materialism. When I see this dedication "No, absolutely not." of the chapel and gymnasium' I simply pray and thank God for His grace thus Advances in Korea revealed in the human heart.

T HE Korea Mission of the South- Graduates of this school are found ern Presbyterian Church, despite a all over Korea, and several are now in reduced force and budget, and an in- American colleges and universities creasingly difficult situation, reports preparing for larger usefulness in the past year as one of the most fruit- Korea. Eighty per cent of the stuful it has ever known. Conversions dents in the Korean Theological Semnumbered 1,337. The ten station inary are from this school. Graduates schools and the many country schools, are teaching in Christian schools all all thoroughly Christian in faculty over Korea, in the high schools and and atmosphere, report a year of in Chosen Christian College. They growth and rich spiritual blessing. are preaching in the pulpits, caring Woman's auxiliaries have grown're- for the ,sick in the hospitals. In busimarkably, the native women showing ness and farming they are reflecting real capacity for leadership. All Bible the light.-John Z. Moore. classes and institutes, both for men and for women, report one of the best GENERAL years in their history, with over 500 The Laymen's Investigation of Misin one class. Thousands of better trained Bible students have thus been sions turned back into the church life. Yet there still remain miles of virgin ter- THE Institute of Social and Reliritory, where no one has ever yet gious Research recently undertook named the name of Christ. an investigation of foreign missions. Groups of investigators went to Asia Dedication at Pyengyang to collect data on various problems of missions. This will be reinforced by THE Methodist Church recently the collection of data available in dedicated a new chapel and gym- America. The Institute is now formnasium for the Boys and the Girls ing a commission of twelve to study High Schools in Pyengyang. Viscount all the information thus collected, to Saito, Governor-General of Chosen, study conditions on the principal miswas present and said: sion fields at first-hand, and then are to formulate the final report. The We should not overlook the fact that announcement of the personnel of this the funds coming from America were the commission shows its character. The result of noble sacrifice on the part of report of this commission is being unknown friends, and were sent as tang- eagerly awaited. The question which ible evidence of good will toward you underlies all others in the mind of and all who will receive instruction and thoughtful church members is not as

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

to the worthiness of missian work but organization of their evangelistic work whether, for the situatian as it is and terminating on one year's notice all as it gives pramise 'Of becoming, the aid to places that have received fimissianary enterprise is now being nancial aid for ten years or more, and conducted an the wisest, most effective placing all the other statians on a plan. project basis."

For the Blind of the World A Missionary Museum T T HE Mission ta the Blind in Hea- o FURNISH illustrative material then and Bible Lands is helping for the History of Religions and the blind in twenty-one parts of the 'Of the methods and progress of mis- world. Their aim is to save infants, sianary enterprise, Rev. Dr. S. M.

to rescue blind castaways, to support Zwemer, wha occupies the Chair of blind evangelists and Bible women, to Missions in the Theological Seminary help supply Scriptures to the blind. at Princeton, N. J., has begun to col- The twelfth annual report ,shows en- lect material for a missionary library couraging progress and great need. and museum at Princetan. It is nat In Palestine over 90 per cent of the to be a miscellaneous callection 'Of population is said to be suffering from curios, nor a museum of ethnography eye trauble. In India several blind or missianary relics. The church all evangelists are supparted. Other lands over the world is asked to cooperate where help is given ta these sufferers in this enterprise. The classification include China, Japan, Karea, Burma, will include maps, the idea of God, the Philippines, South America, West communion with the unseen, priest- Africa, and Fiji Islands. hood and saintship in all religions, Evangelism and Self-Support revelation and sacred baoks, public warship and religiaus gatherings, and DR. A. L. WARNSHUIS, of the Far- eschatalogy in non-Christian religions. eign Missians Canference, has lately returned fram a taur of the mis- Goodwill Chests T sian fields where he has studied the HE organization which sent 13,000 dolls to the children of Japan, 30,- problems involved in the develupment of self-support. He started an in- 000 Friendship Bags to Mexican vestigatian in Korea under the Na- schaal children, and 28,000 treasure tional Christian Council and launched chests to the Philippines, has Puerto a thorough study in the Philippines Rico on its mind this year. The 200,- under a committee of the National 000 children on that island are our Christian Council. In China he has own people. The committee has arbeen trying to staJ:t several mave- ranged to provide metal chests in ments that will change the prevailing which to placepractice of the use of maney in aid 'Of Iocal churches. He says: "I have 1. A card (to be filled in) stating how an increasing conviction that the un- many lunches the group that sends the wise use of outside financial aid ra- Treasure Chest is providing for boys sults in the killing off 'Of any evan- and girls in Puerto Rico. Each card gelistic spirit that the churches may should represent at least forty hot have. In Amoy we faund that the lunches ($2). A nickel pays for one churches that have been receiving aid hot meal. for fram ten to sixty years were making practically no progress whatever. 2. Pencils, pens, erasers, colored eray- The 'Only growth was in the places ons, a box of paints, toys, small mirrors, hairpins, sewing kits, soap, tooth brushes, etc. Each chest should, if pos- sible, contain at least thirty different articles. where Chinese pastors were supparted Chests may be had for $1.15 each from by the lacal church. As a result of the committee at 289 Fourth Avenue, .the discussiun in Amoy, the Synod New York City, together with a leaflet adopted a plan for the complete re- giving all nece~sary information.-Chris- tian Advocate.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Protestant Cooperation in American Cities. "Evangelism," "Religious Education," By H. Paul Douglass. 514 pp. $3.50 net. Institute of Social and Religious "Social Service,''' "Oooperation by Research, New York. 1931. PrDtestant Women," "Promotion and "Dr. Douglass is at once the historian and the friendly critic of the Publicity." In his own summary of Church Federation Movement. Basing his conclusions upon an exhaus- the ·situatiDn, Dr. DDuglass says: tive study of the origins, history and achievements of the Church Federa- All the machinery of the church vistions in twenty of America's largest ible, as it exists in the American city, cities, he raises questions that are has come to pass according to no general startling and ~ontroversial. Have the plan and no unity of Protestant purpose. Federations come to the parting of What the city presents is a vast spectacle the ways, when they must abandon of churches and allied agencies accithe opportunistic policy of the past dentally founded as to numbers, locaand adopt some basic philosophy of tions and distribution. There is a church cooperation? Does not the plethora of religious institutions….. No ecclesiastical control of the Federa- rational intelligence would plan such retions lag behind the ideals and as- ligious institutions of the city as have pirations of their lay supporters? Is resulted from the crude struggle for surit true that the favorite phrase of vival. To undo the unreason of the past, Federations to express their aims, and now to substitute a system of re- 'What best can be done in common,' ligious organizations in the American has come to mean in practice 'What city, thus becomes a major problem of will not hurt the denominations?'" a generation that is attempting the re- conquest of its civilizaUon and of itself in urban terms through the greatest ex- periment of all times … That the problem belongs to the situation and not merely to Protestant stupidity is evidenced by the complicated internal organization of the Roman Catholic Church in the same cities.

-Foreword. As a part of his technique the au- lt is not an exaggeration to say thor uses various measurements of "the distance feeling" between varhlUs that the study is exhaustive if one groups. One of his basic charts rests means voluminous. Twenty-four chap- upon the survey~d attitudes of 1,780 ters, five appendices, in addition to a Protestant constituents in nine cities. useful index with twenty-nine tables, Even this small and scattered group six appendix tables and fifteen graphic came from the cDnstituents 'Of Church charts constitute the framewDrk of Federations. One wDnders whether the volume. In Part 1, entitled "The sweeping generalizatiDns covering General Report," Dr. Douglass pre- "distance feelings" are justified by SD sents such themes as "DenDmination- relatively small a number of source alism and Religious Partisanship," contacts. "The Church Federation Movement," "Oooperative Activities," "Present Dr. Douglass completes his verdict Limits of Federative Cooperation," upon the Federation mDvement by "Currents and Eddies of Federation sensing as its chief lack, that "it is Thinking." In Part II, entitled "The not profDund enough for the ends Technical Report," the author dis- which it seeks." He feels that it cusses such matters as "The Com- succeeds in accomplishing certain mittee System," "The Paid Staff," practical purpDses by the utilization 554

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'Of naive impulses and "the aVDidance like inexhaustibleness of His life and 'Of majDr difficulties" and nDt because work. Although He lived amDng men either 'Of deep and clear thinking Dr nineteen centuries agG, new accounts 'Of candid and sacrificial leadership. of His brief days 'On earth are still The FederatiDn MDvement, in 'Other appearing year by year in an attempt words, is hDpelessly DPPDrtunistic, at to shed new light on His character the present time. It 'Only dDes what and ministry. Mr. Mathews, whD is practically all the cDDperating fDrces well known for his life ·of "Living- are willing tD have dDne. It is an stone the Pathfinder," and "Paul the 'Open secret that the authDr's desire Dauntless" and 'Other excellent vol- is tD have the enterprise launch 'Out umes, visited Palestine a number 'Of intD the deep. The data he has times to make himself familiar with gathered SD painstakingly affDrd 'One the background of this wonderful life.

scant hGpe that such an excursiDn intD With a critical mind, but a devout the open sea is abDut to be undertaken. Christian spirit, he studied the land, Federations will cDntinue to have an the peDple and the BODk. He alSD interesting but subDrdinate place in gathered many modern sidelights the thinking of American PrDtestant- frDm archeDlogy and Oriental life in ism. It may even lead tD further order to make this a readable and re- wholesome reactiDn from the recDg- liable story of the earthly life of the nized perils and evils 'Of sectarianism. God-man, the SaviDur-LDrd.

On the whDle it will move abDut as Mr. Mathews draws chiefly on the fast as a ·slow moving Protestantism records of the four Evangelists which permits. If it should move much he accepts as authentic in all majDr faster it would become a sporadic matters. They are in fact our 'Only spectacle. "Protestant Cooperation in reliable SDurce of knDwledge of Jesus'

American Cities" is a fair minded earthly life. He omits the "virgin presentatiDn 'Of a situation saturated birth" as recorded in Matthew and with traditionalism and 'Only faintly Luke, but states his belief that St.

tinged with elements 'Of aggressive Luke's narrative 'Of the early years Is -spiritual discovery and achievement. based on infDrmation given to the It is a mirrDr 'Of our PrDtestant be- writer by the Mother 'Of Jesus. He havior when we make polite calls upDn dDes nDt hesitate tD accept, as worthy 'Our denominatiDnal neighbors. One of belief, the miracles, such as the may rub the glass to see whether by feeding 'Of the five thousand, walking some hidden magic, puppets will be- 'On the water, the transfiguratiDn, heal- CDme soldiers and mere interdenomi- ing the sick, cleansing the lepers, cast- national activities will be transformed ing out demons and raising the dead.

intD vital, united Christian passion. He does not attempt to minimize or Now and then gleams 'Of such a trans- explain them on a naturalistic basis formation seem to appear, but they or as due to the common but mistaken are nebulDus and ephemeral. Dr. beliefs of the peDple 'Of His day. The Douglass' volume leads us nDwhere, physical resurrection and appearances gives vivid analyses without cDnclu- of Jesus are also accepted as recDrded sive issues. That is both its strength in the New Testament.

and its weakness; and both are in- We have here a well written, herent in the situatiGn which he SD st "aight fDrward narrative of Jesus' faithfully and intelligently depicts. life on earth, as viewed by a devDut student who accepts Him as personal W.H.F. SaviDur and Lord. It is not a Bible The Life of Jesus. By Basil Mathews. exposition Dr an interpretation of 506 pp. $3.00. Richard R. Smith, Jesus, His teachings and ministry but New York. 19.31. is interesting and helpful and, from a One evidence of the deity of Jesus literary and Christian point 'Of view, is His undying influence and the God- takes its place amDng the best.

The Reform M~"ement in Judaism. David the advocates of the one claiming that Philipson, D.D. 503 pp. $4.50. MAc- millan. New York. Judaism's truth will eventually prevail This is a revised edition of Dr. without active efforts being put forth Philipson's scholarly volume, published in 1907. During the past twenty-four to gain adherents to its doctrines, years much has happened in the field of reform in Judaism, and this volume while others hold that there are at has incorporated much valuable supplemental material and brings the present great opportunities for Judachanges which have taken place in the reform movement up-to-date. ism, and that if the proper steps were In opposition to orthodoxy, which is taken, many who are dissatisfied with largely static, reform Judaism seeks to adapt the fundamental principles of other creeds will eagerly take refuge the ancient faith to the conditions of modern life and thought. It main- within its ranks." That men and tains that God's revelation is progressive, and that Judaism has within women born outside the Jewish faith itself the authority to adapt this revelation to the changing conditions of do become identified with it is evisuccessive ages. Dr. Philipson traces the growth of the reform movement denced by the action of the Central from its inception in Germany early in the nineteenth century to our own Conference which, in 1891, laid down generation, and particularly in the United States. the conditions upon which proselytes The departure of reform Judaism should be received into the Jewish from orthodoxy is seen at very many points. The reform house of worship fold, and which, in 1927, adopted a is named a temple instead of a synagogue; the service is largely in the manual for the instruction of prosevernacular; it brings together the sexes in the family pew, and makes use lytes. J. S. C. of the organ and mixed choir; it rejects the belief in the coming of a per- Waste-Basket Surgery. By Gordon S. Seasonal Messiah, and is opposed to the grave. 174 pp. $1.50. Judson Press. restoration of Israel, as a nation, to Philadelphia. 1930. Palestine. The dispersion of the Jews is regarded as a providential means of Here is an intimate picture of medfulfilling the Jewish mission, rather ical mission work on the Chinese fronthan as a punishment for sin, as taught tiers of civilization. In America where by orthodoxy. The Mosaic and rabbin- comforts and luxuries surround us ical ritual regulations are largely dis- many are unable to realize the condicarded as foreign to the views and tions that exist in lands less favored. habits of modern civilization, and as In this book we see the work of a busy lacking in spiritual value. Reform physician who talks while he works. holds that ethical monotheism and What he sees as he makes his rounds loyalty to the Jewish heritage are the in the hospital wards and busy clinics fundamentals of Judaism. would be depressing were it not for his unfailing humor in the midst ofa dif- The question of whether Judaism ficult situation. We see them moving should seek proselytes is one that has patients about on doors, using a sadreceived much consideration by the dle pony as an ambulance; operating leaders of reform. Dr. Philipson says: on a dirt floor with instruments sal- "There are two well-defined positions, vaged from the waste-basket of an American hospital; there is very in- adequate sterilization; ignorant pa- tients tear open stitches of their own wounds. In spite of these handicaps, poor nursing, and over-crowded con- ditions with little or no assistance, the missionary phy·sician goes cheer- ily on his way, making the best of a difficult situation.

In six short years fear and super- stition were broken down and replaced by love and confidence. Kachins and Shans from two tribes that are sworn enemies, meet together in the wards of this humble institution and each

BOOKS WORTH READING

learn that after all the other is not presentation of His Gospel. He thereso bad. Hindus, Burmese and Chi- f'Ore makes the Church central in any nese; Buddhists and Christians, oc- adequate scheme of village developcupy beds side by side and learn to ment and points the way to the reenjoy each other's fellowship. Such building of rural life in accordance a work of love and mercy cannot be with the Law of God. in vain. The plan of the book is thus de- Ignorant and poorly educated na- scribed: tive girls are being trained to become good nurses and able midwives. Such To describe as briefly as possible those a service is heroic and represents the conditions in rural India which form the type of work that must be done in background of the missionary enterprise; these outlying areas before they can to outline the movement for rural uplift; be opened to modern civilization. to indicate some of the means for strengthening village work in the light These humble beginnings are foun- of the larger Christian purposes; to sugdation ·stones on which schools and gest methods of cooperation of Christian colleges with modern medical insti- and other forces; and to try to show that tutions and complicated public health leadership in the task of erecting an adeorganizations are to be built in the quate rural civilization in India is part future. If American people could pro- of a common world task for the Christian duce more of this sort of men, and Church. had the spirit to back them up with money and prayers, this work might Dr. Butterfield, with ready intuition, be advanced so as to uslrer in the marks the ·significance of the movekingdom of our Lord and Saviour. ment in India, where village uplift means the recovery of a lost ideal, the J.H. W. rebuilding of a broken village unity, and he finds in "reconstruction" the The Christian Mission ill Rural India. By fitting word. He is not unmindful, Kenyon L. Butterfield. Rs. 2. N.C.C. however, of the law of change and he Office, Nelson Square, Nagpur, C.P. sees little likelihood of the Indian vil- lage being refashioned according to This book is a permanent and read- the plan of a golden age; but he knows able record of an important piece of the beauty and value of community work faithfully done. In the grow- life and believes they can be restored. ing literature on rural reconstruction The "rural reconstruction unit," sums it will hold an influential place. The up the Butterfield rural philosophy. accuracy and balance of a state docu- Here is his own definition: ment are here allied to fine human feeling and informed by an unhesitat- A rural reconstruction unit is a group ing Christian view of life. Facts are of contiguous villages, perhaps ten to fifmarshalled by a scientific hand and teen in number, in which as full a proconclusions are drawn by a trained gram as possible of rural reconstruction observer. But the book is more than service shall be made available to all peoa storehouse of well sifted information ple. All agencies for educational, health, and accumulated wisdom, it is a con- economic, and social progress will be fession of faith on the part of a dis- urged to pool their efforts through some ciple who sees in the weather-beaten form of community council, in an at- Indian peasant the divinely appointed tempt to get the people to cooperate in steward of the soil and in every field building a new type of Indian rural coma temple of God. In this approach to munity. The Church must lead in the the rural problem lies the real sig- endeav·or to make the enterprise thornificance of the book. To Dr. Butter- oughly Christian in spirit. field village uplift is more than an attractive form of Christian philan- By serving the two great purposes thropy: it is an inevitable expression of demonstration and inspiration the of· the Spirit of Christ, a living rural reconstruction unit points the way to the building of a truly Chris- tian rural civilization. It is an en- deavor to bring to bear all the uplift- ing influences associated with the

Christian message on the life of the and that this Council should do everycountryside, and thereby opens the ~hing in its power to further such a polgates of the more abundant life to all the people, irrespective of caste, creed ICy.

J. Z. HODGE.* or social position. Among these up- Religion and Civilization in West Africa. lifting influences the primary place must be given to the Church, wherein A Missionary Survey of French Brit- resides the "strong central driving ish, Spanish and Portuguese' We8t force" which the Report of the Royal Africa, with Liberia. By J. J. Cooksey Commission on Agriculture holds to and Alexander McLeish. pp. 277. 58. be essential to the carrying through World Dominion Press. London. 1931. of schemes of village uplift. Allied to the Church must be the school, for The oft quoted words of David Liv- "education is the fundamental meth- ingstone: "The end of the geographod" and the schoolma,ster has a great ical feat is the beginning of the mispart to play in rebuilding rural India. sionary enterprise" could be applied But Church and school must not be to this and the other admirable surleft to fight the good fight alone, the veys prepared by the World Dominion home, the hospital and the cooperative Press. Some earlier volumes in the bank have a contribution of inesti- series have been criticised because of mable value to make. Unrelieved suf- inaccuracies, but this is of high charfering abounds and the hospital is acter, with excellent maps, statistical usually far away, an endeavor must tables, and carefully collected facts. therefore be made to provide a med- The foreword contains a list of names that inspire.g confidence in the reader.

ical and health service, and this the The whole survey covers twenty rural reconstruction unit sets out to colonies in West Africa and impresses do. A sufficiency of Christian homes one with the rapid occupation and the and a network of well-run cooperative stupendous changes that have taken banks together with the resources of place within a few decades. Railways, the rural church, the rural school and good roads, air routes, and better the rural hospital would turn these steamer connections are rapidly trans- debt and disease ridden villages into forming all West Africa. Its wealth "colonies of heaven." of natural resources is being poured Dr. Butterfield's heritage to India into the world markets. Christian is the rural reconstruction unit. It is missions have labored under grave a call to churches and missions to difficulties from the beginning. The enter unitedly and hopefully into a death roll has been great, and the great field of service. Guidance will average period of life service short.

be found in these pages for all who Furloughs are neces-sarily frequent, have a mind to serve rural India and but meanwhile a Christian Commuwe earnestly hope that the book will nity of 313,599 has grown up. The be widely read. Dr. Butterfield has story of the remarkable increase due given us a splendid lead. His plan to the "Prophet" Harris is told here has been endorsed by the National and reference is made to other Afri- Christian Council in these well- can leaders.

weighed words: The account of Liberia does not It is our considered judgment that the mention the recent drastic criticisms creation of Rural Reconstruction Units of the Government as to slavery. The having their roots in the great human in- conclusions at the end of the Survey terests of the Church, the school, home, speak of missionary waste and overthe hospital and the bank, and reaching lapping, because of sectarianism. The out in the spirit of Christ through co- following criticism of educational op.eration ~o serve. the religious, educational, medIcal, SOCIal and economic needs * From The National Christian OounciZ Reof all the rural people should be the view. united policy of missions and churches

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missions in West Afr{ca may not meet knowledge, or even of performance- which may be divorced from real inwith universal approval. terest-but also and perhaps su- premely a matter of appreciation, of In view of the fact that such serious identifying self with the thing known objections can be urged against the na- and done, the author tells of his perture of much of the secular education, ·sonal experience wi th the Lincoln also that Christian education is so very monument, the facts about which he inadequately done, that three-quarters of knew and to which he paid an initial the missionaries are now engaged in edu- visit. The monument so won his cational undertakings, that Government whole self, that on his next visit to now controls the educational policy and Washington he spent his spare time will more and more direct it, a reconsid- in lying on the grass on the lawn in eration of the wh{)le educational activi- front, drinking in the beauty and meaning of it. s. ties of missions is called for. Prof. Fleming's work is thoroughly M. Z. modern. He emphasizes the newest ideas regarding education and psy- Education for World-Mindedness. By Al- chology. The mathematics teacher, bert John Murphy. Abingdon Reli- in order to teach John geometry, must gious Education Texts, College Series. not only know geometry, but even 366 pp. $2.50. Abingdon Press. 1931. more he must know John. He stresses response and initiative and "doing" This is presumably a manual for on the part of the pupil, or of the National in the mission field. college classes, and particularly for He contrasts those who from the teachers. Its title is descriptive of beginning have developed or promoted or waited for the initiative, the planits scope. Among other phases of its ning and the execution of needed tasks by the Nationals, with those who, by subject, it deals with missions. The the help of authority and funds have author acknowledges his indebt~dness carried the tasks through, or have at- tempted so to do. The results seem to Professor John Dewey, and his edu- to justify the former method.

cational point of view is that of this Running through the book is a very profound respect for the sanctity of well-known teacher and philosopher. each individual, however weak or ig- norant or suppressed such a person His approach to missions is of the may be. Thus in dealing with com- pulsory Bible teaching in mission distinctly liberal type and is indicated schools, 'our author says: "There are two sides to this big question of reby the characterization of the "demo- quired Bible teaching in mission schools, and it will therefore be absurd cratic concept of missions" as "shared to try to settle the question in a few paragraphs. In hosts of places it does religious values," as against "the un- not have the atmosphere of coercion, and little harm, if any, is done from social concept of missions" as "uncom- that aspect of the matter. But what we are here pointing out is that it is promlsmg attitudes toward other incontestable that in many places it does have all the characteristics of a religions, ror example, 'Give up Bud- coercion experience, and that in every place where Bible classes and chapel dhism and accept Christianity.''' The book is more adapted to teachers than to students. While there is much that is commendable about it, the author apparently does not know missions sufficiently to have made his volume particularly useful in introducing stu- dents to the subject. K. S. L.

Helping People Grow. An Application of Educational Principles to Christian Work Abroad. By Daniel J. Fleming. 208 pp. $2.50. Association Press. New York. 1931.

This book applies the principle teachings of modern psychology and education to the problems of foreign missions with lucidity, helpfulness and objectivity. Some of the illustrations are very happy. In driving home the fact that education is not only a matter of understanding, of acquiring

are required for students of another China's Revolution from the Inside. By religion and race, those responsible should be most alert to know what is R. Y. Lo, Ph.D. 370 pp. $2. Abingactually going on within the minds don Press. New York. and hearts of the students." There are numerous books on China The writer of this review, questions some of the author',s modern principles by foreigners, but comparatively few as not going to the roots of human by the Chinese themselves. This one life. Prof. Fleming seems to say that if one knew all that the modern edu- is doubly welcome. The author is one cators of America had to say about human nature and educational prin- of the influential and constructive ciples, one could go out and always do Christian leaders of China. Educated the right thing and always apply the right principle. But human nature is first at a missionary college and afterfar too subtle and environment is far too complex and changeable for any ward in America, a Doctor of Philossuch intellectual or educational solu- ophy of Syracuse University, he has tion of the intricate problems of hu- been editor of the Chtnese Christian man growth. Advocate at Shanghai for the last ten years. He is a member of several in- In the book there throbs no supreme terdenominational Christian bodies, passion for righteousness, justice, mercy and self-immolating suffering and is chairman of the National Antifor others-without which there is no helping people grow. The major Opium Association .of China. thesis of the book is that if you put the Nationals always as supreme, and He gives a birds-eye view of the Revolution, and then discusses the various movements that are surging in present-day China, closing with the WomAn's Movement and the Christian Movement. The book is written in excellent English, and is character- ized by ability, soundness of judgment and Christian spirit. A. J. B.

if you glorify the native church, you Guinness of Honan. By Mrs. Howard will be right, but that if you promote Taylor. 322 pp. $1.75. China Inland anything foreign you will be wrong. Mission. Philadelphia.

This whole contrast tends to run with Missionary biography is enriched the modern mania for Nationalism. by this interesting and attractive There is much to be said for this volume. The beloved medical missi:::m- trend, but if Christianity ever loses ary whose life story is recorded .in the certain knowledge that Christ is its pages opened, with Dr. Sydney supreme above nations and National- Carr, the first hospital in the Province ism, that one can never be an Ameri- of Honan, China, and for thirty years can first and a Christian afterwards, he toiled there with indefatigable then indeed Christianity and Christian energy, professional skill, humanita- missions are done for. rian sympathy, and Christ-like dev.o- The book does not go deep enough; tion. He was a man of faith and it accepts uncritically all of modern prayer, eager to help in saving the thought with little discrimination. It souls as well as the bodies of his nu- treats superficially the whole problem merous patients. His hospital at Kai- of evil in relation to the growth of feng was not only a place of physical personality. By this time we ,should healing but of spiritual power. The have some very eminent examples of hardships of life in the interior of living from these American theorists, China were many and the peril some- were the deepest truths contained in times great, but all were cheerfully this volume. The book should be read met "for Jesus sake" and the people by Christian workers, because it pre- for whom He died. The preparation sents one aspect of the truth that we of this biography was a labor of love all need to understand. by his sister. A. J. B.

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1931

ONARY

Nearly Seven MiDion LET YOUR GIfT Dollars in to Foreign Missions Annuity Agreements ·PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME Issued By You can make a generous gift to foreign mis- The Mission Boards of the sions and have a needed income for yourself Methodist Episcopal Church and others from the money you give by the WHY? Annuity Gift Plan Because the Annuity Plan Provides: This plan relieves you of uncertainty and worry caused by changing values of invested A sound investment funds and assures yoU a fixed income of A guaranteed income for life A gift to Home and Foreign Missions 4!% to 9% per year For further information write: for the rest of your life W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer, Board of A reserve fund of over $1,500.000 guarantees the prompt payment of annuities to you. Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Protect yourself against loss through St., Philadelphia, Pa., or un wise i"1vestmentsand at the same time MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board help s~nd the gospel to all the wurld. of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New For full 1·n./ormation write York, N. Y. Erne.t F. Hall» Secretary.. Dept. of Annuiti•• BOARD -OF FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

IS6 Fifth Avenue, New York "No One Loves a Leper"

groaned the blind leper, Durdeshi, who had been cruelly driven from home by family and friends, and had traveled 60 weary miles in a rickety cart over rough roads, to reach a Leper Mission Hospital.

"There are many who love you-and God loves you, too," was the kind reply.

"Vho is this God and who are these people who can love a poor blind leper?"

he asked.

****** vVeeks passed; Durdeshi's pain-racked body was eased. He attended the Mission church services to find out about the strange God who had told his followers to "Cleanse the lepers."

Soon he decl..red his eagerness to be a fotIower of this loving Christ. Now his face shines -not alone with the bright tropical sun-but with joy and peace and health. All because Christ taught his followers to love and care for the 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – l lepers! At 150 Leper Colonies in 40 countries, the I AMERICAN MISSION TO LEPERS, Inc. Mission to Lepers is giving physical and Room 1119 K, 156 Fifth Ave., New York spiritual aid to these sufferers. But I I enclose $………… to show that some one I loves a leper.

BECAUSE OF LACK OF FUNDS I MANY MUST BE TURNED AWAY I Name …………………•.•…..••..•…..

-still believing as Durdeshi did, that "No I one loves a leper:' I Address ………….•………•….•••.••. I IJleasp IlWIltion THE lIISHIO~.RY IOJVIEW or.' THE ~ORL]) in writing- to uc1'~('rtisf'rs. COMING EVENTS REVIEW OF THE WORLD June 3-8-NoRTHERN BAPTIST CONVEN- TION, Kansas City, Mo. DELAYAN L. PIERSON, Editor June 4-GENERAL SYNOD, REFORMED CONTENTS-June, 1931 CHURCH IN AMERICA, Asbury Park, N. J. Page IS EVANGELISM OUT OF DATE ….. . June 8-20-INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS. Under the joint auspices ………•……… ROBERT E. SPEER 405 of the American Friends Service Committee and one of the Friends' MEET THESE AFRICAN GRANNIES .. Colleges near Philadelphia. For in- formation write to American Friends . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . • MRS. DONAI,D h~RASER 409 Service Committee, 20 South 12th St., Philadelphia. ARE OUR MISSIONARY METHODS WRONG? …..•.. PAUL W. HARRISON 415 June 19-23–CONVENTION, WOMEN'S GEN- ERAL MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF THE WHEN CUBA "FELL AMONG THIEVES" UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH at …………… HUGH THOlllSON KERR 421 Everett, Wash.

FOLLOWING STANLEY AFTER FIFTY June 20-30-THE DECENNIAL CONFER- YEARS ….. MRS. .JOHN M. SPRINGER 426 ENCE OF FOREIGN MISSIONS, Hotch- kiss School, Lakeville, Connecticut. SIAM-THE LAND OF KING PRAJAD· HIPOK ….. : …… GEORGE T. SCOTT 431 June 22-25-INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AFRICAN CHILDREN, Geneva, THE PRESENT CRISIS IN MISSION Switzerland. LANDS …………….. THE EDITOR 435 June 22-26 – WORLD CONFERENCE ON AN UNHOLY FESTIVAL IN INDIA .,. STEWARDSHIP. For information com- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IVA M. FISH 444 municate with the Rev. John A. Ingham, D.D., Progress Council, 25 MISS SUSIE SORAB.JI OF POONA …. 445 East 22d Street, New York City. METHODS FOR WORKERS ……… . June 25-July 3-GENERAL CONVENTION, . . . . " EDITED RY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON 447 CONGREGATIONAL AND CHRISTIAN WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MIS- CHURCHES, Seattle, Wash• SI()N BULLETIN ……………… 455 June 26-July 6-M. E. M. CONFERENCE, Silver Bay, N. Y. WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ………… 461 BOOKS WORTH READINC' ……….. 477 June 29-July 6 – GENEVA SUMMER •SCHOOL OF MISSIONS at Geneva, Wisc. For information address: Mrs. George P. Lottich, 3253 Wilson Ave., Chicago, ID.

TERMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs 01 WANTED-AN ORGAN FOR TAIKU five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, "Do you know of someone who can give an organ to the Nam San church 1931, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMp at Taiku 1" writes Rev. Henry M. Bruen, of the Presbyterian Mission in Korea. PANY, INC. All rights reserved. This congregation has recently completed a new church building and just before THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING Christmas raised 1,800 yen, which repre- COMPANY, INC. sents much sacrificial gi'ling, and they still need yen 1,700 to wipe out the defi- RonmaT E. SP:BlBlB} President cit. Pastor Yi and his people are very eager to have a good organ to help with 'WILLIAlII I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vlce-Pre.Ment the music-one that has been in use will be best as such a gift can be entered free DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary of duty. If you can make such a gift or WALTER McDOUGALlJ, Treasurer know of someone who will, please write to the Rev. Henry M. Bruen, and send Publication Office. lid & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, the organ to The American Presbyterian Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. Mission, Taiku, Chosen. Mark "gift" and used, or not new. It may be for- Editorial and Business Omce, 156 Fifth Avenue, warded through The Presbyterian Board New York City of Foreign Missions, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. Entered as second·class matter lit the Post Omce, Harrisburg, PII., under Act of March 3, 1879. PERSONALS time in Africa and in India, also making a brief visit to the Philippines, China, MRS. AIJA LEE, at the age of seventy- Korea and Japan. . five still carries on her loving work for * ,. .. the children of India. With her husband, the Rev. D. H. Lee, she established the MISS VICTORIA E. MACARTHUR, M.D., Lee Memorial Mission in Calcutta in memory of their six children who were Presbyterian missionary in India since killed when a mountainside gave way in 1899, has been awarded the Kaiser-I. Darjeling. Hind medal.· Dr. MacArthur is in charge *** of the Mary Wanless Hospital- MR. W. J. W. ROOME, recently left ,. * … London for Africa which he has crossed from east to west and back ten or twelve of RKEVr?.oACNDoaMstRDS.isWtrAicLtT, EaRreBr.eWtuIrLnLiInAgMtS~ times. He was born in Birmingilam, Amenca because of disturbed conditions England, on April 16, 1865, son of the in Liberia. Rev. W. J. B. Roome. Since he retired from business as an architect, at the * * .. age of fifty, he has made many mission- DR. RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER, correary journeys on behalf of the British sponding secretary of the Methodist and Foreign Bible Society. He has now gone out as an advance guard for a party Episcopal Board of Fmeign Missions, of missionary pioneers on behalf of the Heart of Africa Mission. who has been in Asia as consultant to the Laymen's Missionary Inquiry, re- turned to the United States on April 8.

OBITUARY *** MISS SUSIE SORABJI, Principal of the THE REV. WILLIAM H. MCCANCE, for- St. Helena High School, Poona, India, merly a missionary in India under the died on March 15th. She was the daugh- American Board of Commissioners, has been elected Associate Secretary of the ter of Rev. Sorabji Kharsedji, a famous Committee of Reference and Counsel of Christian converted Parsee. the Foreign Missions Conference. * .. * MISS EMILY N. FORMAN, a missionary of the Board of Missions of the Presby- *** terian Church in India, died on April MR. GEORGE AZARIAH, the second son of the Bishop of Dornakal, was one of 11th in Louisville, Ky. She was on furtwenty-one men who were ordained to the order of deacon recently in India. lough from the mission field and since He is going to work in the TinneveJly 1892 had been principal of the Presby- Diocese, where his grandfather lived and terian mission school at Fatehgarh, In- dia. .. ,. … .. .. worked some years ago. THE REV. F. A. STEVEN, who went to '" China in 1883 and had given forty-eight DR. J. H. RITSON, after 31 years as years of his life in service f{)r the evan- gelization of the Chinese, died recently. Secretary of the British and Foreign A few weeks before Mr. Steven passed Bible Society, has resigned because of away, the Rev. Stanley Smith, who went out to China in 1885 with Mr. D. E. illness. *~ * Hoste, W. W. Cassels and other members of the famous "Cambridge Seven," died. DR. IDA B. S. SCUDDER, niece of Dr. Mr. Smith had severed his connection with the China Inland Mission about Ida Scudder, has joined the staff of the twenty-five years ago.

Woman's Medical College at Vellore, India. This makes fifteen Scudders in the mission fields of India.

** *** Mit. J. MERLE DAVIS, Secretary of the MRS. FREDERICK G. BOWIE, of the Scotrecently created Department of Social tish Mission at Tangoa, New Hebrides, and Industrial Research and Counsel, died January 19th, as the result of blood under the International Missionary poisoning. Council, was pre!!ent at a meeting of the Committee on Reference and Counsel and * explained the work and plans of the Department in considerable detail. He has A CORRECTION returned to Geneva. Dr. Melvin Grove Kyle, the well-known archreologist, calls our attention to an *** error in our February number (pages 130 to 131) referring to an ancient lamp MR. LESLIE B. Moss, Secretary of the and an alleged discovery of a tablet with Committee of Reference and Counsel has an inscription to show that these were been authorized to visit some of the mis- foot lamps. Dr. Kyle says that this story sion fields. Suggestions regarding work is an absolute fabrication, containing no that ought to be studied on such a trip truth so far as he is concerned. The will be heartily welcomed. He anticipates spending a major portion of the statement was quoted from "The Banner."

"ORANNIES" AT HOME-(SEE PAGE

HET,PING TO MAKE RETTER AFUTCANS AT 'rHE I,QUnON MTSfHON HOSPTTAl,

LIV, No.6 June

THE'MISSIONARY 1f,eWO .. ~~ IS EVANGELISM OUT OF DATE BY ROBERT E. SPEER, D.D., New York Author of "Some Lit'ing Issucs/' Etc.

T HAT depends on what we pose of true open conversion as a mean by evangelism. If we definite part of the missionary aim mean some particular method but there are others who have no of making the Gospel known and zeal to do so. They say that it is of trying to win men to Christian no part of their effort to get Hill- faith, undoubtedly that method dus to give up Hinduism and to may become ineffective and anti- become Christians, or Buddhists to quated. But if we mean not some abandon Buddhism and become particular method but the thing it- Christians, but that their desire is self, then it will never become out to see men become better men and of date. Men who believe the Gos- to find God where they are. They pel will proclaim it, and will do so wish to see Hinduism and Budwith a view to leading other men dhism christianized and not to see deliberately to accept Jesus Christ Hindus and Buddhists made Chrisas their Lord and Saviour and to tians.

become His disciples. Mr. Gandhi has of late carried It is not to be denied, however, this idea to the limit. He declares that conversion from one religion that there are many in the church to another is wrong and he is esand out of the church today who pecially critical of Christian misdisavow or discredit the idea of sions and of their schools and evangelism and who do regard it hospitals because they are trying as out of date, meaning by evan- to convert men to the Christian gelism the effort to make men faith. The Indian Social Reformer Christian, to get them to accept has published a number of articles and confess Christ and to join the maintaining this position and its Christian church. A recent mis- editor, Mr. Natarajan, one of the sionary magazine article declares best men in India, has gone so far of missionary policy in India, "Our as to appeal for political prohibiprimary aim is not to bring Indians tion of religious proselytism. Here to outward conformity to a rite or to membership in the visible are his very words in his issue of church." Probably the writer of this particular article would give March 29, 1930: a meaning to the word "primary" The conception of sovereignty in a which would still retain the pur- monarchy is not a wholly secular one, 405

and there must be something in the cause all these religions had a beconditions attaching to it to indicate ginning. If there can be no cona spiritual contact between the sov- version from an old faith to a new, ereign and the subject. It is against what warrant was there for Islam the immemorial tradition of India to or Buddhism or all modern forms impose a disability on any religion. of Hinduism in the first instance? We cannot ask that the King of the Indian Dominion should not profess As a matter of fact the issue the Christian faith. But we think really turns on what we conceive India may and should ask that the Christianity to be and whether we Coronation Oath should contain a sol- believe that we have in Christ emn undertaking on the part of the something that every man ought sovereign to be the protector of the to have. If we conceive Christianancient religious faiths of this coun- ity to be the universal and unique try. The present principle of religious and indispensable message of the neutrality must be replaced by a prin- salvation wrought for the world in ciple of active and appreciative pro- Christ and in Him alone, and if we tection. The most important conse- see in Christ the only way to the quence of the change will be that Father, the only Light of the world, organized religious pro·selytism, hav- the Way, the Truth and the Life, ing for its purpose the seduction of then we cannot help ourselves. We his majesty's subjects from their an- must make Him known with the urgent desire to have Him accepted cestral faiths will be barred, as the by all men and to have all men King being the protector of all reli- unite themselves to Him and to gions, cannot let one of them wage one another in Him. war against another. This is the missionary aim. As But the principles involved in several of our foreign mission this view are untenable. In the boards have put it in their manfirst place such a view freezes hu- uals: man thought. There can be no change. What one has believed or The supreme and controlling aim of what one's fathers have believed Foreign Missions is to make the Lord we must continue to believe. In Jesus Christ known to all men as their the second place, if it is replied Divine Saviour and to persuade them that only religion is in mind, one to become His disciples; to gather answers that religious truth is not these disciples into Chri·stian churches different from other truth. If we which shall be self-propagating, selfare bound to give up what is er- supporting, self-governing; to cooproneous in our ideas of physics or erate, so long as neces·sary, with these geography or philosophy when we churches in the evangelizing of their find the truth, we are bound like- countrymen, and in bringing to bear wise to exchange error for truth in on all human life the spirit and prinreligion. In the third place, if it ciples of Christ. is said that religious truth is unattainable or unprovable, we reply And this ideal includes the defithat our conviction is otherwise, nite association of men in the open but that if it is so then there can and declared fellowship of the surely be no warrant for holding Christian church. All permeation fast to our old religion just be- of life and thought by the Chriscause it is old. In the fourth place tian spirit, all movement of the this view is self contradictory, be- national mind toward Christ and acceptance of His ideals is to the

IS EVANGELISM OUT OF DATE

good. All development of person- disembodied national influence.

alities Christward, whether they Well, it cannot. Alas! this kind separate themselves from old loy- of religious genius is not confined alties and follow Christ openly and to China. It has been one of the alone or not, is hopeful. But these hindrances and obstacles in the are not enough. Some think they way of the church always and are. In some mission fields one everywhere.

meets with the idea that Christian- Albert Schweitzer deals with ity can exist without any organized this idea of a partial evangelism in a striking passage in "On the Edge body and especially without any of the Primeval Forest." He is local congregational organization. contrasting the Protestant and Ro- There are some indeed who think man Catholic missionary policies that this idea is to be one of the and says: contributions of the "Chinese religious genius," which as one Chi- If I had to distinguish between the nese writer says, "insists that aims which the two keep before them, I should say the Protestant mission religion should be left to individual puts in the first place the building up inclination and achievement with- of Christian personalities, while the out organized propaganda and pub- Catholic has in mind before all else lic worship of any sort."" The the establishment on solid foundations preface to the "China Christian of a church. The former object is the Year Book" for 1926 calls atten- higher one, but it does not take suf· tion to this tendency in the Chi- nese Christian mind. Summariz- ficient account of realities. To make ing the main features of the the work of training permanently sucpresent situation in the survey of cessful, a firmly established church, the year, it says: which grows in a natural way with the increase in the number of Christian The chief note struck with re- families, is necessary. gards to Christianity, where there is articulation at least, is the desire to If we cannot be satisfied with a understand and follow Christ's way of conception of evangelism, which life. This includes another promising stops with open Christian personsign that, in spite of the comparative alities and does not go on to the lack of cohesion in the Christian Move- church, still less can we be satisment as a whole, there Is a slowly fied with a view which stops short growing desire and effort to promote of open Christian personalities and Christian fellowship as distinct from is content with the permeation of and above the claims and efforts of society with Christian ideals, deecclesiastical, denominational or the- ological unity. It is felt by some that sirable as that is. It is desirable this higher and freer Christian fel- but it is not first and it cannot be lowship is possible even though intel- enough.

lectual and ecclesiastical unity is It may indeed be that in some hardly a practical question at the pres- lands we shall have to wait for ent time. large open accessions to the church According to this view local self- until there has been a deeper seep- supporting churches are not nec- age of Christian truth into the naessary; the church can exist as a tional thought and life. Sir Charles .. The China Christian Year Book, 1926, p. Trevelyan, who lived long in In- 276. dia, thought that this would be the

method of India's evangelization. ments of evangelism which are di- He says: rected primarily at the winning of individuals to Christian faith and Many persons mistake the way in discipleship. These churches are which the conversion of India will be not content to remain in old nubrought about. I believe it will take merical trenches. On the other place at last wholesale, just as our own hand they are making it their priancestors were converted. The coun- mary aim to bring Chinese and try will have Christian instruction in- Japanese "to membership in the fused into it in every way by direct visible church." They are not conmissionary education, and indirectly tent to "pervade and transform by books of various sorts, through the present-day interpretations of Conpublic newspapers, through conversa- fucianism and Buddhism" or to tion with Europeans, and in all the pervade society with Christian conconceivable ways in which knowledge ceptions. These things indeed they is communicated. Then at last when rejoice to see. But they are drivsociety is completely saturated with ing straight at the conversion of Christian knowledge, and public opin- men and women to Christ, believion has taken a decided turn that way, ing that this will be the most efthey will come over by thousands. fective way to permeate and uplift the life and thought of the land. It may be so. But our approach is by person to person. Let all the Methods of evangelism come and general influences operate and be go. Whitefield and the Wesleys operated that can suffuse national found the methods that were ef- 'and racial minds with Christian fective in their time; Finney and truth and the Spirit of Christ. But Moody in theirs. We must find at the beginning and throughout those that are effective in our own the centuries and today the pri- time. But the essential thing is the mary and effective mIssIOnary same. And we need today in the method at home and abroad is the church at home, as well as in all contact of individual with indi- our missions at home and abroad, vidual. This is the evangelism of to see this, and to go after men and the New Testament and it never women, one by one, or in the has been and never will be out of groups and companies in which date. they are accessible, and to relate them to Christ and Christ to them On the contrary, this is the su- in the elemental reality of the Gospreme need everywhere today. The pel of the New Testament and of national churches in China and all time. Japan have discerned this and have launched their own move- THE MISSIONARY o matchless honor all unsought, High privilege surpassing thought, That Thou shouldst call me, Lord, to be Linked in work-fellowship with Thee; To carry out Thy wondrous plan, To bear Thy messages to man; In trust with Christ's own word of grace To every soul of the human race.

-Selected.

A WASHING LESSON IN A M01'TTJ1JR CTLT"l' SCHOOL, CJ1JNTRAI. AF'RfCA

MEET THESE AFRICAN GRANNIES BY MRS. DONALD FRASER, Edinburgh, Scotland /l or 'l'h irt /J l'Cu.r8 {I M-i8siunarl/ iu the {,i.1'inn~ to"i(l. M18Hion of the Ut1 itnl Free P-r p.shytt:ria tl. C hu rch of SCOtlWllU T HE sound of a gentle artificial ing; on mine, news of my children cough coming from the veran- in far away Scotland, with a gram- dah announces visitors. I go ophone entertainment possibly and out to greet two or three old ladies a parting gift of a handful of salt who have settled comfortably down to each. Then with friendly fareon the floor and announce that they wells we part. have come to gossip with their mother. The gossip is very inno- As I watch them going down the cent on their part, news of the path the memory comes of a day crops and their neighbors, of sick- when, as a newcomer, I sat on anness in the village and tax gather- other verandah in Central Africa and listened to a discussion going 40Q

on between two missionaries about Her native name being difficult to the difficulty of reforming some of waster, she was called and rethe tribal customs. The blame was mained through life, Mrs. Pettilaid at the doors of the older wom- grew, after a Scottish friend whom en. "You'll never get things she resembled. changed till you hang all the old women first!" emphatically an- Mrs. Pettigrew and a few others nounced one of the men. A vital formed the first women's class truth underlay the hyperbolic lan- taught by their dona (white womguage. None were so determined an). The dona's language was in their opposition to progress, doubtless very poor but so was the their rigid adherence to old cus- intelligence displayed by the class. toms and taboos. I had to admit A parable was carefully gone over how unlovely I had found it pos- each week but no trace of the lessible for old age to be, as I had son seemed to remain in their watched some unattractive faces minds by the following week. They upon which the passing years had cheerfully explained that they were left traces of stupidity and evil women and therefore stupid and mindedness, bestiality and cruelty. unable to learn or remember what In others, ·with less evidence of they were taught. Almost in deevil, the hopelessness and dejection spair one day I insisted that surely were almost as saddening. Least something had stuck to them "No, attractive of all I had found the mama," said Mrs. Pettigrew, shakgreedy begging heathen widows of ing her head "it's all gone. Satana chiefs, whose visits to the mission has come and picked up all the were actuated by the desire for seeds sown last week." This statesalt, soap and calico for which they ment brought unexpected cheer, shamelessly clamored. On the oth- for it revealed that something after hand some old friendless slave er all had been absorbed. The parwomen, pathetically grateful for able of the previous week having any little kindness shown, embar- been that of the sower who sowed rassed the white woman terribly by the wayside. by the way they rolled over and over in the dust at her feet in Their First Prayers thanks for some trifling gift. Old and past work and able to bring no That class was the nucleus of return present, it astonished them the Christian women's class which that they should receive anything. in later years was a regular part of the Sunday program. It always In delightful contrast to these contained a good proportion of old was the motherly friendliness of women, more free than the young an elderly Christian woman who mothers to attend, and their progused to turn up at the mission ress, collective and individual, house in time for family prayers on though slow, was interesting to Sunday. She used to kiss the white watch. When they first took part woman's hands in a way you never in prayer their words were strongsee done in Africa except to babies. ly reminiscent of prayers uttered She would admire her clothes, turn- in public worship by the men. One ing her round for inspection. She woman echoed faithfully her huswould taste a sample of European band's invariable beginning "0 cooking and smile benignantly. God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob. You are the all-knowing.

MEET THESE AFRICAN GRANNIES

You know the things of the past, "But," I protested, "you yourand of the future, the things of selves all said this was clean and above and the things of earth," and white." "Ah, but mama, we hadn't so on. But gradually as their reli- seen the really beautiful white gion became better understood, a cloth then. Now we see that the simpler and a more personal thing, other one is dirty. Before, it looked their prayers developed the same clean because we had been looking note: at the very dirty one."

"Father God," prayed one of I pressed home the lesson and them, "we are surprised at ourselves. When we are here in the finally a woman prayed "Truly, a class we know quite well you are here too, and want to be with us all God, did we ever know before that the time. And then we go home we were so soiled? But we have after church and forget all about been looking at the whiteness of you in our village." J esu Kristu and we want you to wash us white like Him." Another used to pray for their teacher "that God would give her The women of the Gospel narrastrength to cook for them Sunday tive interested the Africans greatly by Sunday, that their souls might -Mary, Elizabeth and that home be fed." (strange to Africans) where two sisters lived with their brother and The lessons had to be very simple rejoiced in the friendship of Jesus. so that the old women, as well as We went over the women of the some of the more intelligent young- Old Testament too and one realized er ones, might take them in. We that they entered into and underused eye gate, as well as ear gate to stood their lives better perhaps impress on them the necessity for than we of more advanced civilizataking Jesus Christ as our stand- tion. Very human and deserving ard, and not be content to compare of sympathy to them were the ourselves with our heathen neigh- childless women, and over their bors. I went to the class with a faces passed expressions of relief dish cloth which an African table and delight when they heard that boy would assert to be clean, and at last a child came and the reanother which I had wet and proach of barrenness had been rerubbed in the dirt. I asked which moved. They knew all about the was clean. Everyone pointed to the scornful contempt of the rival wife first. "But is it really clean?" Oh with children and too rare were yes, mama and they drew my at- husbands, like Hannah'S, who tried tention to its contrast to the other. to comfort instead of neglecting her. That God should concern Him- Then you would call this a white self with the choice and manner of cloth ?" life of the woman chosen to become the mother of one of His great They all assented. servants astonished and encour- "Well now, what about this?" I aged them. asked, as I drew from my bag a square of spotless white nainsook. The old ladies were frequent at- "That! 0 that's a beautiful white tenders at hospital and knowing cloth." their poverty we often exempted "Like this?" I inquired holding them from the small fee patients up the dishcloth. "No, that's dirty. were supposed to pay. Yet, again This last is really white." and again, when they had been let

off fees-sometimes because of Changora," I would protest, "It is their protests-they would turn up my hospital. I am hostess, there- at our dwelling house with a fowl fore I should greet my guests."

or a basket of food and present it "No," she would patiently ex- to me-"a gift, not fees"-for the plain "You don't sleep here. I do, Africans' loyalty and gratitude therefore it is my house; therefore centers round persons rather than I greet. You-the guest. When I institutions. But as an institution come to your house then you can the hospital was popular with them greet me."

-where else could you get such I had frequent opportunities of luxuries as two meals a day regu- so doing. She used to arrive, ask lar and sufficient, a supply of salt, for the family, slip an egg into the and a blanket at night? The con- hands of each and present any that trast with their hand to mouth ex- were left to me. She would never istence in the village sometimes sell eggs to me-wherein she was made it a struggle to prevent the unconsciously wise, for I might hospital from becoming an old have tested and rejected them as ladies' home, especially in times of not fresh. As it was, I had always scarcity. What they saw and ex- to thank her politely and give a re- perienced there shook their faith turn present of salt. Sometimes in the old native regime. before our great communion gath- For several years an old woman erings she would arrive to consult named Changora acted as cook, me as to what she should wear. As mother or matron there. Engaged her entire wardrobe consisted of a first to attend to a friendless epi- tattered cloth she wore around her, leptic girl who was badly burned, the advice inevitably took the form she was later initiated into the of a present of a new cloth-given mysteries of bringing up a mother- with the injunction not to tell any- less grandchild by bottle feeding one where she had got it. Chan- and proudly she used to display gora would not and knowingly this miraculously reared Wendy to stuck her present securely out of admiring and almost incredulous sight, somewhere beneath her rags.

friends. Later she posed as an ex- She would turn up looking respec- pert on rearing orphan infants, table for the services but too often while superintending the efforts of afterwards I would see the new others who came for the same pur- cloth adorning one of the grand- pose. While the doctor tried to en- children to whom she was devoted.

lighten the ignorance of the people Still, an occasional cloth was a on medical matters, Changora cheap form of pension for a retired strove to improve the doctor's hospital matron.

shocking neglect of social etiquette. During the first great "Flu" epi- When I entered the hospital in the demic that penetrated into Central morning I distressed her by greet- Africa I heard that she was ill and ing my waiting patients. She went to see her, bringing bovril would follow me into my consulting and fruit and a warm flannel jack- room, shutting the door that her et. I found her lying on a mat on reproof might not be overheard, the floor and realized she was seri- and say to me, "It is not your place ously ill, but I refrained from to say good morning to us. You speaking till she opened her eyes wait till we greet you." "But, and greeted me and I half thought

there was a humorous twinkle in When I used to slip along from the her eyes at my having learned the hospital to her house to get a reetiquette prescribed in visiting. freshing cup of tea, Makachibene When I gave her the jacket she in- was often about. Occasionally quired (recognizing it as a hospital there would be an interval when one) whether it was a loan or a we heard she had an angry fit on. present. I assured her it was her But I think the sense of being loved own, knowing no one would after- and cared for by God and His peowards wear what had been worn ple brought peace and healing to by those who died. But she shook her spirit for these attacks became her head when I wanted to help milder and finally stopped, leaving her to put it on. "I am going to her affectionate and childlike with our Father God," she w~ispered. a shy, happy smile flitting across I suggested it might not be at that her face whenever one spoke to time and said I would return next her. day. But on the morrow I was met by a Christian woman who had When in the less busy time of been with her when she had passed the year we used to have a school away half an hour before. In the for women, this old lady was one village her little grandchild was of the most regular attendants. wearing the jacket (it reached to She sat in the lowest class-where his ankles, the sleeves engulfed his the pupils were mostly the oldest arms) which his unselfish granny -and never managed to learn her had put aside for him, considering syllables. When the teacher it too good to waste on a dying pointed to the board her eyes folwoman. lowed the pointer hopefully, but failing to recognize the mysterious As I left the village, I remem- sign it indicated, she would glance bered a time when the poor, tired round the class to see what sound cld woman had begged to be re- their lips were forming and just a lieved of the task of looking after perceptible interval after the othan orphan. But she was indispen- ers, she said it too and then glanced sable and it had to be pointed out at me for approbation. But though to her that her "holiday from nurs- years of attendance failed to make ing babies" might mean the death her a reader, she enjoyed the lesof the little one and in as much as sons in Bible stories, cooking, talks she was doing this service for it, about health and the upbringing of she was doing it for Christ. And children. loyalty to Him had won and she resumed her task, asking only for the Is It Worth While ~ assurance that when she died and passed beyond He would greet her A visitor to the mission school with the words "Come in Chan- once suggested that it was futile gora. It was you who looked after to spend time on these hopeless old babies for me at Loudon." women who would never learn to read. Why not concentrate on the Another Devoted Friend younger intelligent women? I re- member how it hurt to hear them Another friend was Makachi- called duds. Besides, they were bene, a wee thin slip of a woman really tremendously important. who conceived a great devotion for Attending the school meant that one of our women missionaries. they were allying themselves with

all the progress and reform that corncobs or some other simple gift.

the Christian teaching stood for What endless reminiscences one and when some young woman in could write of them,-the way they their village wanted to test some used to escort their dona home of the new suggestions about in- from church on Sunday, each so fant feeding or some such subject, anxious to carry something for her it would help her greatly that she that after distributing bag, Testa- was backed by one or two old wom- ment, hymn book, roll back she en instead of meeting unanimous sometimes had to eke out her lim- opposition. ited resources by handing over her And these old people were re- handkerchief too; of visits to their spected because of their Christian villages when she would return life and character. There was no ashamed of being laden with gifts class of women who showed such of foodstuffs she dare not offend evidence of the difference the Gos- them by refusing; of a time of pel had made in their lives as those famine when she doled them out old grannies. The world had al- scanty rations of rice barely suffi- tered for them and become a cient to keep them alive and so friendly, safe place full of love and won the delightful new name of help such, as they had had no ex- Msoro (honey bird) because she perience of in the old heathen days. found food for them; of a Christ- God as Father had brought them mas party for the grey haired only, into friendship with people of which ended in an impromptu whom they had never heard of dance "to show God how happy we when they were young-white peo- are"; of a time when the dona's ple over the seas who had sent life was in danger, and one of the help to their black sisters. The old bodies sat without moving from church was a society that did not the verandah for twelve hours till despise and neglect them, but rath- better news sent her home tired er honored and helped them. This and hungry but happy; of the won- was a day of good tidings which derful day when their first little had followed their long night of white sister arrived in their midst fear and their very faces, as well instead of coming like the other as lives, reflected the change. The Bazungu (white people) from old unlovely type with all that was across the sea, and the queues that human and kindly obliterated, is waited to get their first glimpse of giving place in many instances to her; of the last sad days when happy, kindly, more intelligent their white mother sometimes fled faces in which sometimes lines of out of the back door into the bush real beauty and refinement can be when she saw a mournful little traced. And the pastors and elders group of them coming up the road, of the church could tell that none because she COUldn't face their are more faithful in their attend- tears without breaking down her- ance at worship, or more liberal- self at the thought of the coming out of their great poverty-in their separation. These and many other regular contributions when the memories, tender and cheering, deacons make their village rounds, pass through my mind as I write and the people respond by produc- of our gossips-our God-rib-those ing a copper or two, a basket of to whom we have become related in flour or beans, or a little bundle of the service of God. BY PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia* Mi88ionary oJ the Reformed Church In America Men who have unselfishly devoted their lives to a great cause have a right to be heard as to their convictions on the principle on which the success of that cause is based. Dr. Paul W. Harrison has spent twenty years in Arabia as a medical missionary under the Reformed Church in America. His experience in medical and evangelistic work in Bahrein, Muscat and other stations has brought him into close contact with the needs of the people and the problems of the work. His studies and travels in India and his contacts with leaders in many lands have given him a wide range of sympathy and information. His study of the Bible and his service have formulated his ideals and given him the courage of his convictions.

In February Dr. Harrison delivered a series of five lectures at Princeton Theological Seminary which were so fresh, so earnest and so startling in some of their positions and recommendations that they have aroused much interest and some criticism. We have secured permission to print these lectures, slightly abbreviated, and will welcome the comments of other Christian workers on the amended missionary program suggested by Dr. Harrison.-EDITOR.

I N KALAMAZOO a few weeks sionaries are sent to Japan today ago my missionary talk had because Japan is able to take care been preceded by an address of that work herself. It would be by a mission convert who was a better if we should realize that our director in the educational enter- educational work is essentially as prise of India. He intimated that temporary as our medical mission- the missionary enterprise was ary work.

gradually evolving from the stage Let us remember the very wide- of evangelistic work and was right- spread, almost universal increase ly becoming more and more an edu- in the spirit of nationalism. China, cational enterprise to train the during the last few years, has been native church. That idea is wide- convulsed from one end to the spread, but, as I hope to show, is other because she has gained a new false and dangerous to the mission- spirit of racial self-consciousness.

ary cause. Her nationalistic spirit has extend- We all recognize that one branch ed until it includes all the different of our institutional work is essen- strata of society, and all the prov- tially temporary. No medical mis- inces, and it is perhaps now almost • I introduce these lectures with great dif· the major passion of the Chinese. fidence. on three accounts: First, because The significant fact is that this Princeton is known for its scholarship, and I do not pretend to be a scholar. Second, because particular phenomenon is practi- I expect to bring to your attention ideas that cally universal. In India the spirit are quite at variance with many of the con- of nationalism has penetrated from ventional ideas regarding missionary work and the top to the bottom. It has come behind such new ideas there fs no authority whatever except the impressions gained by one to include all sections, the native individual in twentf years of missionary work. states as well as British India. The r am especially anxIOUS that you do not ascribe same thing is true in Turkey and to what r say the authority of any commission in Persia. or church or board. The third reason is, of course, the importance of the group here as- Wherever we go we find that the sembled. It becomes a grave responsibility when one attempts to assert that the compass of tbe conrse ongbt to be replotted, and that we ought to be ruled by different ideas.

p, W. H.

415 spirit of racial self-consciousness culture. India is not primarily in- is strong, and is steadily growing. terested in financial or commercial And we ought to note that this is progress, but India is supremely a permanent change. There will be interested in her own racial self- no return to the situation of fifty development. She believes, and years ago. We have only seen the rightly, that she has certain pecu- beginning of this change in nation- liar racial endowments. The same al consciousness. From now on is true of China, and of Arabia, there is going to be a more and and of America. India has certain more intense patriotism. Here is a r a cia I endowments which are factor of very great importance unique, and, therefore, she is anx- that we must consider in relation ious to direct her destiny along the to the missionary enterprise. lines of those endowments. That The Educational Program is exactly the attitude that the In- dian leaders ought to take. The Now notice the effect that this only weapon that the leaders of has upon the national educational India possess for the accomplish- programs. In India, for example, ment of her supreme aim is educa- there are now in the colleges and tion. India, therefore, is coming to the professional schools, some 84,- ask, as China and Persia and Japan 000 students; there are 12,000,000 have asked, for the complete con- students in the secondary and ele- trol of all the schools.

mentary schools. The students in One of the most serious problems those schools are going to shape before every missionary board to- the future of India. We direct the day is the problem of adjusting the destinies of all our nations by missionary schools to this demand means of schools. of the national leaders. The Amer- It is not, therefore, remarkable ican Board is troubled because the to find that in all of these countries Turkish government has demanded where the spirit of national con- not only the control of general edu- sciousness has grown there has cation but of the religious instruc- also developed a determination to tion in Mission schools. Thesame control all the schools. That is in- demand has come from Persia and evitable and natural and should be China, and will probably come from welcomed by the missionary en- India as soon as the Indians gain terprise. control of the government.

This particular tendency has This thing is inevitable, it is nat- sometimes manifested itself in very ural, and it ought to be welcomed disagreeable ways. Turkey has de- because in all of these nations, a manded that she have complete large part of the educational pro- control of all the schools in Turkey. gram has been carried on by for- The same demand has come from eigners. The missionaries entered Persia. The only hope that the backward countries that had prac- leaders of a country have for build- tically no educational systems and, ing up the kind of nation they want as a matter of Christian charity is by control of the schools. they organized schools, just as hos- In India, where I have spent a pitals have been planted in these good deal of time, Mr. Gandhi and countries because they had no ade- the Indian people fear nothing so quate medical work. But now these much as the imposition of western nations, having attained racial selfconsciousness, wit h a national the enterprise and less to its edu- spirit, naturally demand the con- cational side.

trol of the whole educational enter- The prevailing view that mis- prise. sionary work is going to become In the past the missionary so- more educational is dangerous becieties have paid for these mission cause, in so far as we are obschools, assisted in some countries sessed with that false idea, we will more or less by native money. They find ourselves pitted against the have done a very creditable and irresistible current of the time. If outstanding piece of philanthropic we do not recognize the nationaliswork, but nevertheless, as sQon as tic demand for control of the the nation attains to national self- schools, we are doomed to hinder consciousness, it is inevitable that the whole enterprise. The surrenthe leaders shall demand the con- der of our general educational work trol of the education upon which is natural and inevitable.

rests the destiny of those countries. Some will say that this view of Since the spirit of nationalism educational work overlooks entireis here to stay, by the same token ly the evangelistic possibilities of this demand for control of all the the school, if we can include relischools is also going to grow until gious education. There is an incomplete control is secure. So}Ve creasing emphasis on religious come to this situation: The mis- education in America and it is right sionary enterprise is going to be- that we should stress religious educome less and less a general educa- cation abroad. The records of the tional enterprise, and many of us past are against that idea. I remay live to see the educational arm member two very interesting asof missions disappear in many of sistants that I had in the hospital these countries. work in Muttra twenty years ago. They were converted Afghans that When India attains to self-gov- resulted from Dr. Pennell's work ernment, the first thing she will in North India. We used to sit wish to do, When she can manage down and talk by the hour,and her finances well enough, is to from them I learned a great deal make elementary education com- about the missionary enterprise pulsory. When this is done, India that I had not known before. They will wish to take over all of the told me that in north India when elementary mission school work. they went out to do itinerary evan- gelistic work, the opponents whom Then, you see unquestionably the they dreaded most to meet were the whole missionary enterprise will graduates of mission schools who had been trained in compulsory become more and more purely Bible classes. Such graduates know evangelistic. That is not a criticism against the missionaries of the past, but it is recognizing the the Bible extraordinarily well, for significance of the movements of there is one thing that an Indian the present. The present form of can do, and that is he can rememmissionary work is now different ber what is taught him to a degree from the past to some extent, and that is simply uncanny. These mis- the future is going to be still more sion school gradUates had been different. The future undoubtedly compelled to take courses in the belongs to the evangelistic side of Bible but not more than one in 2 a thousand becomes a Christian. This is inevitable because of the These itiJlerant evangelists are ear- rise of the nationalistic spirit.

nest-minded and sincere Chris- An Individual or a Social Gospel tians, but they are not yet well educated and they rneet in these Conclusion number two, which I college graduates who. have been will state in advance, is that our trained in the Bible, men who can evangelistic enterprise must be the tie them up in knots when it comes carrying of an individual rather to religious controversy. than what we usually call the social I recognize that in saying this I Gospel. This is closely related to am a heretic of the very first order what I have been saying. In India and that most of the church boards are utterly at variance with what they are anxious to develop along I am saying; but in my opinion it the lines of their own peculiar racial endowment and, therefore, would be far better in Christian they do not want mission schools colleges in India, or China for all which embody our western civili- I know, if the Hindus and the Mo- zation. By the same token they hammedans were forbidden to do not want our western social come to the Bible classes, unless gospel. they are sincerely interested in I am a great believer in the really following Christ, once they Christian social gospel, because as can see their way clear. Sincere a citizen, it is the duty of every inquirers should be we1co.med but Christian to carry responsibility the average students should be for- for political and social and eco- bidden entry, to say nothing of nomic advance. But in so far as compelling them to come. the Arab or Indian mind works Educational work in the past along lines different from yours has not always been a great evan- and mine, by so much it is dangelistic agency but it has been gerous for us to attempt to carry necessary. By means of it we have over into Arabia or India our petrained the native church and by culiar civilization. When westernour mission scho.ols we have con- ers vociferously shout for a social tributed enormously to the advance gospel I marvel that they do not of the backward nations. It has realize the contradiction. In one been one of the finest things we breath they say, "Let us not carry have ever done, but it has not been our western civilization; let us as effective as we wish in evangel- only take Christ over there," and izing those people. In some cases in another breath they say, "Let us it has been carried on in a way that not carry an antiquated individualhas done actual damage. There istic gospel but let us carry the is no reason why we should hesi- finer message of the social gospel." tate to turn over our educational work to the native governments as The social gospel, as' we underrapidly as we can. stand it, is really nothing but an effort to carryover into Arabia or The first conclusion, then, to elsewhere some part of the civili- zation that we know, and that we which we come is that the mission- think will be good for those people. ary enterprise is to become more There are, unquestionably, many and more an evangelistic and less things in our western civilization and less an educational enterprise. that are splendid, and we think that it is the part of Christian com- astonished to see the splendid enpassion to teach them to the people tertainment that you would reover thel'e. ceive. There would be a roasted chicken for each separate guest, Perhaps we would say that the and a splendid outlay of boiled rice simplest and most fundamental and various condiments. Moreover, thing in our civilization, that would on feast days these people are be a universal boon to everyone, dressed in gorgeous clothes. Their is security of life and property. economic situation is so good that This might be said to characterize it is hard to believe that they are western civilization, as opposed to not the owners of those gardens the chaotic situation that we find but only tenants who cultivate in many places abroad. In our them. Christian message we will not only put in the roots but we will also Now let us visit ThaI, in another show some of the fruits of the so- part of Arabia. There we will be cial gospel. At least as Christians entertained by date cultivators we want security of life and prop- again, and the land around ThaI is erty. Is there anyone that would far richer than the date gardens of dispute that as a fundamental, uni- Hassa or Katif. The general sysversal and invariable boon? In tem is the same in that the land is Arabia I think I can show you that owned by one set of men and culthis is not always true. tivated by others. The men who entertain us at ThaI can set before Life and Property in Arabia us only a miserable little dish of boiled rice with a few tough pieces I could take you as a visitor to of meat-and that is the best meal Katif or Hassa, places under the they have had for a month. They rule of Ibn Saud. The characteris- have almost no clothes, are half tic of his rule is that life and prop- starved and one-third clothed, and erty are distinctly not sec u r e live a dog's life. The contrast is according to our western notions. painful. In this community the The chief of Katif, or Ibn Saud date cultivators have been ground himself, can cut off any man's down under the heel of the owners. head, and no cabinet, no legislature and no laws can stop him. A few What is the difference between years ago, the richest man in Katif, the Hassa people who cultivate a Bin J umaa, was arrested by Ibn comparatively barren strip of land Saud's agents and put in prison and are wonderfully well off, and and he has never been seen again. this group at ThaI who cultivate an His property was confiscated, and extraordinarily rich piece of land, thereby the royal exchequer was growing the same crop as our put into order again. In Katif and friends over here but are on the in Hassa, life and property are not ragged edge of starvation all the secure according to any western time? The difference is that life standards. Bin Jumaa's death was and property are more secure in not as a punishment for any crime Thal than in Hassa and Katif. he had committed, but it was the rulers' will that he should die. I will try in a word to show you that this is literally true. That man If we were entertained in the Bin Jumaa in Katif, who was exehome of one of the date cultivators cuted, was a high-handed pirate of in Hassa or Katif, you would be the first order and ought to have died years before he did. In that reduced to the last stage of human country they boil some of their misery. In this particular instance dates in enormous kettles. Bin the laws guaranteeing security of Jumaa came home one night and life and property are not a blessing found that his wife had not pre- to the community. pared supper quite on time, so he pitched her bodily into the boiling There is often an extraordinary kettle. He oppressed the date cul- amount of lip service given to the tivators under him. Debtors had idea that we must carry Christ, to pay their debts absolutely on the His message and His teaching to day. Beggars were not fed in his these people, and not carry our house. Thereby, he became so un- western civilizatio.n. That is true, popular that his death was wel- but that means that we cannot comed by the whole community, carry out what we term our social and his life expectancy sank down gospel-according to our western to zero. ideas. It is not for us to define the outworkings of eternal life in There is no way to replenish the the hearts and lives of all men. We royal treasury quite so easily as by cannot try to revise the social order assassinating a rich man and con- over in Arabia. That will have to fiscating his -property, but if the be revised, but it can only be recommunity still thinks highly of vised safely by the Arab. Every him, the ruler does not do that. If intelligent Indian knows that the he did that two or three times, the social order in India needs a great ruler would lose his head. He must deal of revision but he also knows, maintain his popularity in the com- what we are not so willing to conmunity; otherwise his life is in cede, that that revision is safe only danger. If he oppresses his date in Indian hands when they have cultivators, if he pinches every learned to apply the teachings of debtor, if he kicks beggars off the Christ to daily life. place, the community wishes he would die, and he does die. There- In the rise of nationalism we fore these Katif owners of gardens have a phenomenon that is groware, as a rule, extraordinarily gen- ing and that is going to be the erous in the contracts which they governing factor in practically all arrange with their cultivators. of these mission fields. This means that the missionary enterprise will Over in ThaI, there is security increasingly be evangelistic and of life and property. Nobody is less educational, and that the evangoing to confiscate a date land- gelistic message we carry must of owner's property and cut off his necessity be more and more of a personal Gospel, relating the inhead, no matter how much of a dividual to Christ, rather than a pirate he is. He can starve his date social gospel, as we in the West cultivators to death and nobody is interpret it. going to cut off his head or confiscate his property. Therefore, The second lecture deals with certain impliunder him the date cultivators are cations of the Evangelical Missionary Enter- prise.

"3ff I!!:fJri~t ba~ rtaIl!' taktn up .i~ abobt in a buman btad, ofttn JJt will bt Sttn looking out of tbt winbows!"

A PROTESTANT CHURCH SU NDAY SCHOOL. CAMAJIANI

WHEN CUBA "FELL AMONG THIEVES"

Th e Impressions of a Moderator of the Presbyterian Church BY THE REV. HUGH THOMSON KERR, D.D., Pittsburgh, Pa.

,If oaerator oj th e Presbyteda " Ohu reh. U. S. A.-1980- l 931 ASHORT visit may be better these unsympathetic dignitaries than a long one in leaving in belonged. Then came the Good one's mind clear cut impres- Samaritan-also easily r ecogniz- sions. The danger is that the im- able–who, after beating back the pressions may be too clear cut. thieves, carried the wounded man Certainly the week spent in Cuba to safety, nursed him back to health left in my mind certain well de- and promised "whatsoever thou fined pictures and one of the c1ear- spendest more, when I come again, est is the applicability of the I will repay thee." parable of the Good Samaritan to the past and present of that very It was one of the most gracious acts one nation ever did for an- near and very interesting people other-to set Cuba free, give to and land. her a charter of liberty and send Cuba is the man who fell among her on her way. That act is not forgotten. The anniversary of the thieves who wounded him, stripped blowing up of the "Maine" is still him, and left him half dead beside the roadway. The robbers can observed in Havana with flowers easily be identified. The priest and and music and messages of peace the Levite, who came and saw and goodwill. Yet there is much where he was and passed by on to be desired that is left undone. the other side, are not hard to In the minds of many Cubans the name. There is not much difficulty thought arises that her Good in giving the name of the ancient Samaritan has forgotten. They ecclesiastical organization to which think that the promise "whatso- 421

ever thou spendest more, when I concerned in the deeper issues income again, I will repay thee" has not been adequately fulfilled and volved. . was perhaps after all only an euphemism. The sense of contrast is every- where. The old and the new meet There is restlessness and agita- and mingle. We traveled over one tion in CUba. If there is business of the finest concrete highways in depression in America, there are the world, miles and miles of it, industrial and financial crises in and at the same time we saw men Cuba. The American tariff shut plowing with the ancient instruout Cuba's largest trade-sugar. ment of a far-away ancestry and "The Dance of the Millions" when driving, across soggy fields, wagsugar sold for more than twenty ons with high wheels drawn by cents a pound is now only a mem- oxen, great beasts of the field, two ory. Many sugar mills are silent teams, three teams, four teams. and there now is little sale for Cuba has three and a half million sugar even at one or one and one- people but it could have ten milhalf cents a pound; and "the lions if modern methods in inmourners go about the streets." dustry and agriculture were in use and if education were made a uni- The first impression of Cuba un- versal opportunity. der martial law is far from pleasant. To be asked on every street It was not, however, as an excorner and out in the villages to pert on transportation and sugar purchase a ticket for a lottery sup- and industry that led me to Cuba, ported by the government makes an easy and a pleasant trip only one catch his breath. Emerson two hours distance from America said, "Weak men believe in luck. by air and four or five hours by sea. Strong men believe in cause and effect." If the same law is applied Cuba is an important mission to government then it is a sign of field of the Presbyterian Church weakness on the part of Cuba to in the U. S. A. Its occupancy by distribute every month more than the Board of National Missions half a million dollars and it is a dates back to the freedom of .the sign of weakness in a people who island. If one wishes to have his are taught to think that a chance faith established, his hope inturn of the wheel, a lucky casting spired, and his love fed, let him of the lot, may turn poverty into visit the mission work which makes luxury. Little wonder that there glad the whole island. is social unrest and political agitation. An economic and govern- There is no race question in the mental situation that necessitates Cuban Church. One is soon conthe closing of the schools while new scious of this. Here the black and knowledge is knocking at the door white, the Spaniard and the Cuban, of youth is charged with some sort the Mexican and the Chinese meet of high explosive. America has and mingle, and the Lord is the some responsibility here and that maker of them all. A fine negro responsibility lies not merely in minister and his wife guide one of the economic realm. One can be our finest Spanish-speaking Sunamused in Cuba only if he is un- day-schools and churches. In a re- cent book of fiction it is stated that it takes nine thousand years to make a black man think white and

1931J WHEN CUBA "FELL AMONG THIEVES"

A PROTESTAN'f CUBAN PA!'TOR AND HI!' FAMILY ten thousand centuries to make a Cuban people what should have Chinese think in western terms. been done. That is nonsense. There may be no reason why a black man should Three things especially imthink white or a Chinese think in pressed me as I surveyed the work western terms but one can easily of evangelical Christianity in Hafind black and brown and yellow vana, Matanzas, Cardenas, Cabaifolk in Cuba thinking Christ and guan, Placetas, and Sancti Spirthat is far better. itus.

Christianity has a free field in First of all I was impressed by Cuba and that is all that the church the youth, the devotion, the earasks. Freedom in religion is guar- nestness, and the spiritual and moranteed and that offers a fine oppor- al passion of the Cuban ministry. tunity for evangelical Christianity. Late into the night, in conference The Roman Catholic Church had with these young men, one could centuries of opportunity among the not fail to be impressed with the Cuban people with all the field to seriousness and the spiritual initself. There should now be tensity of the leaders of this young throughout the island schools and church. They are facing a great colleges and hospitals, but the responsibility with a fine construc- Spanish Church gave Cuba no such tive program. The church means gifts and, as far as a fast traveling everything to them and their abidobserver can see, the long estab- ing loyalty to the evangelical Goslished church failed to do for the pel is a joy and a delight. The minister's home is the lighthouse

and the rendezvous of the village lem. It would seem the path of and is the center of light and life. wisdom to train students of the The minister's family mingles with ministry so that they may read the life of the community and cre- English readily and then make ates an atmosphere of cheer and available for the Cuban ministers hope. Here is a letter from the books that will enable them to sat- daughter of one of these pastors, isfy their intellectual cravings.

a young girl of sixteen: The mission boards would do well Many days ago I was thinking to to think out some way by which write to you but I did not know when pastors in isolated fields may be you were going to get home. I hope supplied with Christian literature. someday we can see you again. We Second, I was impressed with the never can forget you anymore and will multitude of children and youth in be very glad if you could come back all the congregations and schools and stay. We thanks the Lord He visited. One could almost say that gives so many blessings· to us and know all the members of the church the Cuban Church is a young peomeet together every night to pray and ple's church. This may be because we can see the Lord's presence with us. Our services are being better of the close association of the every day and' more people are learn- school and the Church. Perhaps it ing about our Lord Jesus Christ and grows out of the fact that many of be saved, Please remember us, always the ministers of the Cuban Church when you are in prair. Last Sunday we are yfuungand keep vitar"conhad in the principal church two hun- tacts with childhood and youth. Perhaps it grows out of the fact dred and ·sixty. In the Sunday-school that the Church offers an outlet of Mission we had two hundred and six, hope and joy for youth. Certainly so all together were fourth hundred one is impressed by the interested and sixty-six that heared the Sunday- multitudes of children and young school leesson just one time. Excuse people who look up from their my mistakes they are many but you places in the Church and school, know I can't do it very well, but you alert and eager and intensely recan't understand Spanish, and this is sponsive. This speaks well for the a practice for me too. Church. Already sufficient interest This speaks for itself regarding in these young people has been the spiritual atmosphere of the aroused that one of the churches minister's home out of which power at home has provided funds for a comes. Probably the most press- conference for young people after ing issue of these young men who the order of the summer confer- are laying the foundations of the ences which have meant so much evangelical Church in Cuba is their to the young people of the churches hunger for books. Many of them in North America. This confer- do not read English; some read it ence for young people ought to with difficulty and only a few with mark a forward step in the life and ease. The proper religious litera- training of the youth of the Chris- ature is hard to find in Spanish. tian Church in Cuba.

Translations are slow and expen- The third thing that lives in my sive and many of these young men memory is the radiancy of the re- long for the key that will open the ligion of the Christian people of door to a larger intellectual world. the Cuban Church. Youth has We must help them solve this prob- something to do with it. Perhaps

WHEN-CUBA "FELL AMONG THIEVES"

the singing soul of the people dis- There are some four thousand English-speaking people in the city covers a ready expression ·in the of Havana. . They come from all music of the Gospel but certainly parts of the world; from the one finds a sense of joy, or uplift, United States, Canada, Great Britof kindly humor that makes fellow- ain, Australia. A fine piece of land ship easy and worship a delight. has been bought on the boulevard I brought back from Cuba more and there is hope that when more than I took; pictures and photo- prosperous days return tha.t a suitgraphs, lizard skins and snake belts,flowers and memories and able new edifice will ·· be erected enduring friendships. If a singing thereon. Behind this Union .Church SOME MODERN CUBAN CHRTS'l'lANS-PRESBYTERIAN WORKERS army is a victorious army, then a there are consecrated men and singing Church also is a trium- women who not only help forward phant Church, and it would be well the Gospel message among the peofor the home Church to listen in ple of all denominations but who, to the Hallelujah Chorus of the by their contributions, prayers and young Church in Cuba. Well done, sympathy, undergird and support mission boards, arise and enter in- the splendid program of the misto a fuller occupancy! sion churches. To strengthen this Union Church will be to strengthen A word should be spoken con- the whole cause of Christ in Cuba. cerning the Union Church in Cuba.

Every mason in the quarry, every builder on the shore, Every woodman in the forest, every boatman at the oar, Hewing wood and drawing water, splitting stones and clearing sod; All the dusty ranks of labor in the regiment of God, March togetlier toward His temple, do the task His hands prepare; Honest toil is holy service; faithful work is praise and prayer.

-Henry Van Dyke.

STANLEY SAW AFRICAN WOUANHOOD AXD THE AFRICAN

FOLLOWING STANLEY AFTER FIFTY YEARS BY MRS. JOHN M. SPRINGER, Likasi, Central Africa ConfJO .Mission of th e .jffethodi~t Episcop(fl Ohurch STANLEYl Livingstone! Mag- intimate companionship with Liv- ic names. Stranger by far ingstone, "As to the report of his than the tales in Arabian African marriage, it is unneces- Nights, is Stanley's account of sary to say more than that it is "How I Found Livingstone." untrue, and it is utterly beneath a Stranger even than the fingers on gentleman even to hint of such a the wall in ancient Babylon was thing in connection with the name that interview of Stanley's with of Dr. Livingstone."

James Gordon Bennett. Who but That commission to find Livinga character like that of the great stone was the making of Stanley. journalist would have given such The crude war correspondent beterse instructions: "Find Uving- came another man from the day stone." that he stiffly removed his hat and How we used to thrill over Stan- greeted the man for whom he had ley's travels! We came across this been searching for more than two testimony of Stanley which ought years. Livingstone did not preach to be published widely owing to to Stanley in words but his life slander recently broadcasted in a changed Stanley's life completely.

popular volume. Stanley had heard We have read and reread those rumors and writes after weeks of heavy tomes: "How I found Liv- 426

FOLLOWING STANLEY AFTER FIFTY YEARS

ingstone," "Through Darkest Af- Stanley and Livingstone! The rica," "Through the Dark Conti- two names will always be coupled nent" and the accounts of his together. Those two men more founding the Congo Free State and than any others turned the eyes of the final search for Emin Pasha. the whole world to Central Africa We wept with him over the unnec- and through them was brought the essary death of Frank, brought on cure for "the open sore of the by his own daring and self-confi- world." It is not yet healed. The dence that refused the advice of a cure will not be in the governments native. The canoe carrying him which have done much, nor in the was swept into that caldron of large concessions to commercial boiling waters below the fatal falls. companies whose methods are of- We saw Stanley fighting .his way ten more irritating than soothing down to the mouth of the Congo and healing, but it is the Spirit and alone, a sallow, walking skeleton Gospel of Jesus Christ. and we have come to appreciate the shock of how ghastly the faces The Congo Jubilee Conference at of our own race can seem after Kinshasa in September, 1928, months of seeing only the rich, brought us to Stanley Pool for the chocolate faces of the natives. We first time. There we met men who can also understand how the sight had seen Stanley himself-men of his own white face struck terror like the Rev. Joseph Clark and the into the hearts of the brown- Rev. Ross Phillips. We sat one skinned Bantus. No wonder they day on the beautiful grounds of thought him a ghost. the Swedish Mission on the French side of the pool, and listened won- CHRISTIAN WOMANHOOD IN A~'RICA TODAY-AT LOVEDALE

deringly at the account by Dr. went to the conference, had been Clark of how Stanley first came to completed to their station. Until that very spot. We looked at the recently they had never dreamed gentle, refined face of the delicate of a motor road. Now it was done, man before us and tried to recast but alas! they had no car. A little the scene of forty-eight years pre- hand car that had been sent for viously, looking down on the beau- Mrs. Bowskill reminded us of the tiful pool and the magnificent rap- backaches we had had riding over ids roaring and surging into the many a hundred miles in the same narrow confines of the hills below. kind of pousse-pousse. It would take them two days of walking, so Youth today often imagines that we decided to offer to drive them heroism is born for the first time over. It was a rough road but it in them. But here was this intrep- only took us a little over two hours id youth surrounded by some of to drive there. the fiercest savages, with his life hanging in the balance. On the As we honked our way into the other side of the pool were the mission station which, with its white tents of Stanley's camp but Eucalyptus trees, looked like an it was no plan of the wicked chief oasis in the desert, crowds of Banto let these two white men meet tu boys and girls, young men and each other. It is evident that he maidens poured out of the buildplanned at first to kill the youth ings and surrounded the car, all who had corne into his territory. talking at once. What a contrast The young man saw the plotting of these students were to the savage the chief and felt that the end was hordes whose canoes shot from the near. He found all his own car- shore with the cannibal yell, "Nyriers taken over to the other side ama, Nyama" (meat, meat), when and himself surrounded by these Stanley came in sight. bloodthirsty men. Neither he nor anyone else wiH ever know why the It was worth the extra time and chief finally let him go. gas consumed to see the very wheels that Stanley had used for The Ground That Stanley Trod hauling his iron boats around the roaring rapids in the mighty river. Once more we stood on ground Stanley had an army of men with Stanley had trod when we visited him when he made those roads the English Baptist Mission Sta- through the jungle and it took two tion at Wathen. We had sent our hundred menta haul the bOats Ford car down by train to Thys- overland. ville as there was no motor Toad between Thysville and Kinshasa. Mr. Bowskill stood on tlie very A trainload of missionaries got off spot where the agreements were the train at Thysville to spend the signed that inaugurated the Congo night for that dinky little narrow Free State. Free ! Who was free? gauge road is dangerous for run- Not the natives for many years as ning in the dark. We got the car they slaved to supply Leopold's deoff the trucks and ready for the mand for rubber. Yet under all horne trip, and the Bowskills, who the cruelty of foreign domination, had followed closely in Stanley's there was another group of heroic steps, learned that the motor road men and women who brought to which had been started before they them the real freedom which

breaks the yoke of Satan and the ploit the natives. These same shackles of sin. young men and women, the mis- sionary youth of yesterday, neither Before the coming of the white feared the cannibals to whom they man these Africans had had free- went first nor the corrupt men of dom to fight and kill and eat each their own race who came next. other and had used that freedom to Fever stalked abroad hand in hand the limit. No life was safe. Witch- with dysentery but no one left his craft helped in the killing process. post on account of either, unless Terrors of men and devils kept the carried away by main force. unfortunates in a seething caldron of fear day and night. It was a welcome day for all when the government of that great After Stanley had left the coun- section of Central Africa, one of try and the Government was in the the richest spots in the world in hands of Leopold and his group, AFRICANS INSPECTING THE MISSION FORD AT THYSVILLIll another woe was sounded. Men indigenous resources, passed out of and women went to the swamps Leopold's hands into that of the and staggered over the mountain Belgian Government and became a trails either for or with red rub- Belgian Colony. It was a far call ber. I am inclined to believe, from from that spot where Stanley what I heard and saw myself that signed his agreements with the the pictures of suffering entailed chiefs and the Wathen Mission Stawere not overdrawn. tion and the Congo BeIge of today.

Now the missionary is no longer The Belgian Congo is not Utopia surrounded by hostile natives. even yet. The fight between right Sometimes the hostilities are now and wrong, between freedom and from those of his own race for he oppression, between the weak and is emphatically a meddling· nui- the strong, between sin and rightsance in the eyes of those who ex- eousness is still on and, while con-

ditions have changed outwardly, at Likasi by motor car, the first to the missionaries must battle with come through that way. The road and for their people. had only been finished two weeks before we passed over some sec- Wathen Station, with its hun- tions of it. But Africa will not be dreds of bright youths, can be dup- redeemed and freed by motor licated by hundreds of similar roads. The redemption must come centers all over the Congo today. from within through Jesus Christ and the knowledge of that redemp- In addition to them there are the tion is to come through the thouthousands of village schools and sands of little churches and schools churches under native teachers and preachers. Many of these churches ONE WAY Ole RF.T.TEVTNG THE SUFFERINGS OF AFRICAN TOILERS are already self-propagating, self- and from the larger training cengoverning and self-supporting. ters where the youth of Africa is in training for leadership. One of Those who have known the free- the greatest needs is for more misdom that is to be found in Christ sionaries to train these native men Jesus now number hundreds of and women so that larger numbers, thousands in the Congo. with far more effectiveness, may go out into the highways and by- The railroads and motor roads ways and bring their own people are a great help in opening Cen- to the feet of the Master. tral Africa. We traveled 2,000 miles and returned to our station The present difficult circumstance, which presses so hard against us (if surrendered to Christ), is the well shaped tool in the Father's hand to shape us for eternity. Let us trust him, then, and not push away the instrument lest we lose the glorious effect of His work.

– THE LAND OF KING

A TRAVEL LETTER BY DR. GEORGE T. SCOTT ASHooiute /·,'CCf·ctfWU I)f tile l'n'Hbyt('tian B(J(lr([ of Foreign iJli88iotl8 King Prajadhipok and Queen Ramabaibarni, the genial and enlightened rulers of Siam, are now visiting America, where the king has been successfully operated upon for the removal of a cataract. King Prajadhipok is a graduate of Oxford University, England, and has proved an efficient ruler of almost the only absolute monarchy left in the world. Dr. Scott visited Siam recently and has given his impressions here.-EDITOR.

T HIS little land of about eleven monarchy left in the world. For- million people seems simple, tunately the king, like hili two and yet it eludes definite char- predecessors, is a highly enlightacterization and analysis. The ened, progressive and benevolent Siamese may be described as pleas- ruler. He and his corps of apant, friendly, complacent or satis- pointed Ministers and Councilors fied, easy-going, relaxed or unam- of State (mostly princes of blood bitious. They impress a visitor as royal) are industrious, intelligent being contented. For this there are leaders of their loyal subjects. A many reasons, e. g., the warm sun typical tale is told of the king visitand rich soil; the ubiquitous, thor- ing in a foreign land. ough-going Buddhism seeking the annihilation of desire and avoiding "We have one of your princes liv- ing here," he was informed.'

all acts that might possibly retard "What does he do?" inquired the the individual's progress upward king. in the scale of reincarnations; the wide-spread malaria and hook- "Nothing!" was the reply. worm, which sap vitality, physical "Then he does not belong to us," His Majesty rejoined. "We work."

and mental. The Presbyterian All the royal family work for the Mission cooperated with the Gov- welfare and advancement of their ernment and the Rockefeller Foun- country. The heir-apparent, Prince dation in the study of hookworm, Songkla, brother of the king, over· looking toward its eradication. One worked at his medical studies in physician had one hundred persons America and untimely death preselected at random to test; ninety- vented his service in relieving hu- seven showed unmistakable hook- man suffering in Siam. worm and the other three de- "American mIsSIOnaries have camped! It is said that the army as a whole showed more than done more for the advancement of eighty-five per cent infected. The my people than any other foreign Government is trying to overcome influence," was the public statethe prevalent diseases (which ex- ment of King Chulalongkorn, the act a very heavy toll of infants and great leader of Siam's renaissance. children) and thus to counteract This is typical of the high regard the resultant defects in life and in which, from the early begincharacter, and to lead the nation nings a century ago, missionaries forward. have been held by both rulers and people. Probably in no other coun- Siam is about the only absolute try has there been such friendIi- 431

ness of feeling, intimacy of contact lined a course of training girls to and desire of cooperation between develop the finest kind of women government and mISSIOns. Al- to lead home and family and to though Siam is frankly a Buddhist make the highest sort of State. The land with no separation of religion government aims to avoid what from State, there is freedom of appears to be an excess of higher conscience with no official effort to education for both men and women make Buddhism the exclusive reli- in many other countries. Now the gion. Christianity is free to ex- Government is inaugurating two tend by every fair means. In many years of junior college work of a pieces of missionary educational, professional and pre-professional medical and welfare work, the nature. highest officials of the government generously cooperate with gifts and Through these and other chanenthusiastic commendation, and nels of meeting human needs the the institutions are unrestricted in religious instruction and worship. great message of Christ's spiritual Gospel is practised and proclaimed. The Government must realize Direct preaching is a very vital that the Christian missionaries are part of the mission program. The the best and truest foreign friends fruitage of evangelism in recent that the people have, and that to years, as measured by the common them is due much of the impetus but insufficient scale of church and program of the great national membership, has not been large. reforms. Not only has there been To become a Christian openly is the indirect influence of institu- not easy in a Buddhist family and tions and processes which serve as state, and in the eyes of the new suggestions and models but also nationalism, Christianity still apmissionaries and their sons have pears foreign and adherence to it acted frequently as unofficial or of- unpatriotic. The s e inhibitions ficial advisers of Government. would be largely removed if the Church were to become ecclesiasti- Among the many things intro- cally independent of the Church duced by the missionary, and which in America. While the numerical Siam is increasingly developing as strength of the Siamese Church is her own, are modern medicine and not large, it has well-trained public health in which the country younger leaders (lay and clerical) is making steady strides forward, who are coming into places of insegregation and care of lepers of fluence and are beginning to feel a whom there are a large number, group consciousness and responsiproper obstetrics and care of chil- bility which are moving them out dren, both .of which are sadly de- into an aggressive campaign for fective, the equality of women (to Christ. The future looks bright for whom Buddhism offers next to progress. nothing) who must build the new homes of a renewed nation, and Myriads of yellow-robed priests modern education in which the walk the streets and the hundreds Government is purposely proceed- of temples (called Wats) dot the ing slowly and carefully along lines landscape. The lands of the Orient suited to the needs of the people. are very religious and none more Prince Damrong, uncle of the king and his close counselor, has out- so than Siam. An occidental is amazed, appalled and shamed by the oriental's devotion to and sac-

SIAM-THE LAND 01<' KING PRAJADHIPOK

rifice for his spiritual belief. The from the present-day world of strenuous affairs. The great mass priests are noticeably young, par- of her people are blandly uncon- scious of the complexities and perticularly thase that walk the streets plexities of this twentieth century. Another reason may be that the at dawn with their bowls present- Government has placed prohibitive import duties upon movements that ing to the faithful the privilege of disturb other lands. There seems to be no trouble over capital and making an offering to the support labor, scale of living, over-produc- tion, collapse of markets, military of holy men, which offering will budgets, threats of war, unemploy- ment, partisan politics and similar "make merit" to offset sins and to commotions common in other coun- tries. The great question is Chiadvance along the almost endless nese immigration; almost half the people in Bangkok are Chinese and generations to "Enlightment." they form a large part of every city and town. They control Siam's They do not beg for food but commerce and trade, which they have patiently earned by intellimerely offer opportunity for im- gent, unremitting industry, work- ing early and late with a mental provement in the next transmigra- and physical vigor that defies com- petition by the nationals. tion. Most of these youths are Royalty and Missions in Siam neophytes under instruction in the King Prajadhipok, of Siam, who Wat schools and may remain in the is now visiting America, has be- stowed his favor upon the Presby- . priesthood only a few years. Thou- terian Mission work there. His predecessor on the throne gave his sands of priests walk or stand and own title to the Mission College at Chiengmai, naming it the Prince stare, chanting prayers in archaic Royal College. King Prajadhipok is not a Christian but he attendlanguage; but I could not find one ed the Centennial Celebration of Christian work in Siam in 1928 or learn of one who was doing any- and spoke appreciatively concern- ing it. This year the queen invited thing to help humanity in any the entire Jane Hays Memorial School of Bangkok (a branch of practical way; priests are above, the Presbyterian Mission) to join in her birthday celebration, prebeyond and outside of the mundane sented prizes to four of the girls, and gave a year's tuition to the one realm and think and live in the who won the highest number of points in the games. sphere of detached spirit. One's Prince Dhani, Minister of Eduheart goes out to those thousands of youths with their expressionless faces viewing the world as illusion but with their evident potentiality for constructive contact with the world of reality.

The temples a:re of all sorts and conditions. In the court of the Wat of the Emerald Buddha at the Royal Palace in Bangkok are ex- Quisite multi – colored structures glistening in iridescent sunlight.

Many, perhaps most, Wats show their age, with buildings in need of repair and grounds neglected.

This may be because the priests are indifferent to their physical surroundings.

The aloof separateness of the Wat, the indifferent complacency of the ever-present priest, the sheer other-worldiness of Bud- dhistic philosophy, may account at least in part for Siam's detachment 3 .

cation, has also visited several mis- Luke in every home that could be sion schools, and praised the work. reached. About 11,000 copies of An official visitor to the leper home Luke in Siamese and 1,000 in at Sritamarat made himself re- Malay and Chinese were distrib- sponsible for the complete furnish- uted. In another section 5,000 ing of the operating room in the copies of the Gospel of John were hospital. used. This was followed up by Large liberty is enjoyed in reli- mimeograph monthly let t e r s. gious teaching, though students are Bangkok workers report that not the least of the year's results was often from the princely classes. the revival of evangelism. At Chi- The now venerable Prince Dam- engrai Siamese leaders have organrong, the long-time friend of ized a Gospel Team. American missionaries, is continu- ing his kindly interest in the mis- The two advanced schools for sion. girls, Wattana Wittaya at Bang- No national Siam church exists kok and Dara Wittaya at Chiengas yet, but more national respon- mai, report a good year. Siam is sibility is being assumed by Sia- waking up to the fact that girls mese and Chinese. The semicen- need an education, hence the tennial celebration of the founding schools are crowded. Both schools of Lampang church was carried on report an active religious life solely by the Siamese believers. among the students.

Schools at Sritamarat, Pitsanuloke, Mission hospitals are operated Chiengmai, Nan and elsewhere re- at each of the 10 stations of the port excellent service from Siamese Presbyterian Mission. Tn Bangkok principals and the large majority other medical provision is avail- of teachers are nationals. able, but an important maternity An increasing number of nation- center is maintained, together with al Christians are accepting the re- a medical health service and a medsponsibility of governing and car- ical clinic. Two important leper inrying on the established work of stitutions are maintained with the Chiengmai. This gives the mis- cooperation of the American Missionary an opportunity to devote sion to Lepers. Both institutions time to advance phases of the work need further equipment, inexpeninstead of holding only that which sive but essential.

has already been won. In many The first meeting of the Nation- ways, the national constituency is al Christian Council of Siam brings showing not only its ability, but its this land into closer fellowship desire to assume more and more of with others. As a result of the vis- the financial responsibility. A true it of Dr. John R. Mott for the or- indigenous or national church is ganization of this Council, the Y.

well on its way to realization in M. C. A. has entered Bangkok.

Siam. The Presbyterian Mission is al- Touring evangelism was carried most the only Protestant Chrisian on dUring the past year from Srita- work among the 11,000,000 sub- marat by train, motor lorry, pa- jects of King Prajadhipok, who is nies, boats, coolies, on foot and one of the world's few remaining even by swimming flooded streams. absolute monarchs in this country The aim was to place a Gospel of of 200,000 square miles.

PRESENT CRISIS IN MISSION

BY THE EDITOR REMARKABLE changes have extend its life to the "uttermost taken place since the days part of the earth"; or would the when William Carey and infant enterprise languish and die twelve fellow ministers formed the for want of vitality and nourish- first English "Society for Propo- ment at home? Gradually the gating the Gospel Among the Church was aroused and responded Heathen." That was a time of feebly. Pioneers went forth in crisis for the Church and for the faith, like Abraham, not knowing world. Christ had come on His whither they went. They wrote life-giving mission nearly nineteen home stories that stirred the hearts hundred years before. He had of Christians – reports of adven- given the command to His disciples ture, of hardship, of ignorance and to evangelize the world; He had superstition, of dangers encoun- promised His presence and His tered and fierce opposition to their powers to those who obeyed. Still message. In those days practically five whole continents and the is- all of the nonChristian lands were lands of the sea were almost in not only unevangelized, but un- total ignorance of His message of occupied. Many representatives of life and love. A few Roman Cath- the Church of Rome had traveled olic missionaries had gone on the in distant fields, but almost no at- great adventure; the Dutch had tempt had been made by Protestant colonized South Africa; Christian Christians to reach Moslems, Hin- Europeans had settled in parts of dus, Buddhists, Shintoists, Taoists America; Moravians had opened and Animists. The Christians in stations in Greenland, Iceland and Europe and America were for the the West Indies; some Danish most part ignorant and indifferent Lutherans had founded a mission as to the condition and fate of these in India-but that was all. The millions whom Christ came to save.

world was far from evangelized. Some church leaders even argued The missionary enterprise was that it was not our business to born through the moving of the interfere with God's plans for the Spirit of God in the hearts of His heathen.

servants, but the infant enterprise It was a time of crisis. The faced many difficulties and dan- Church had come to a fork in the gers. In the Church there was road; the life of the missionary strong opposition to such a pre- enterprise was in the balance.

sumptuous and impossible under- Would the Church respond to the taking. There were also countless call? Would men volunteer to go?

enemies to be met in the fields Could missionaries gain a foot- where missionaries sought to win hold among these hostile heathen?

converts for their Master. Could Would they survive the dangers to the new-born project of the Church health? Could the pagans be truly survive such tests of vitality? converted and built up into a Here was the crisis of infancy. strong church? It waS a crisis due Could the Christian Church over- to apparently closed doors, to pre- come opposition and dangers and vailing ignorance at home, to un- 435

certainity and to inaction. History ized; the Laymen's and Young has shown how the Christians of People's missionary movements Europe and America responded followed. Missionary societies of and how the promise of Christ was all denominations came together to fulfilled-by the opening of doors, study the whole world problem and the enlistment of workers, the to cooperate in seeking a solution. breaking down of opposition, the The Ecumenical Conference in conversion of individuals and the 1900 gave the enterprise a new transformation of communities. standing and silenced many critics. Ten years later came the Edin- About a half century ago there burgh Conference that developed came another crisis in missionary the study of the science of mishistory. The infant enterprise had sions. The Jerusalem Conference survived and had grown. Much of followed to emphasize the developthe pioneering had been accom- ment of national churches in misplished. The Church at home had sion lands. International and ingiven evidence of new vitality and terdenominational cooperation has opportunities abroad had enlarged. been promoted by the International Women had entered the mission Missionary Council, and the Nafield to minister to women and chil- tional Christian Councils in the dren. The power of the Gospel to mission fields, to study problems transform people of every race and and policies and to advance with condition had been proved. But a united program. The crisis of the missionary work was largely youth has passed, with thanksgivindividualistic and wholly inade- ing to God for His direction and quate. There was danger lest the the evidence of His power to overgreatness of the opportunity might come. weaken the enterprise. Here was the crisis of youth. Would the The Crisis of Maturity Christians of Europe and America take advantage of the enlarged op- Today we face a new crisis in portunity? W 0 u I d unfriendly Nle history of the Church and in critics of missions discourage the the work of missions. It is the churches or would the critics be crisis of maturity. The adventures silenced ? Would Christians study of pioneering days have almost disthe fields and the methods of ap- appeared. All doors are openproach more earnestly and intellic with the exception of Tibet and gently so as to discover the needs Afghanistan. The unenlightened and how to meet them ? Would the critics have been put to shame and Christian youth volunteer with even nonChristian governments their lives and would Christian lay- have testified to the beneficial inmen respond with their substance fluence of Christianity on the inadequately to meet the situation? tellectual, social and moral life of their people. Mission hospitals and Again this crisis was success- schools have brought blessing to fully passed. The churches were millions that would otherwise have aroused and responded. The Stu- continued in ignorance and sufferdent Volunteer Movement was ing. Four million living converts formed that has enlisted for the are now enrolled in the churches in foreign fields over 12,000 workers. nonChristian lands and these in- Missionary literature grew; many clude some world renowned Ieadnew sending societies were organ-

THE PRJ<::SENT CRISIS IN MISSION LANDS

ers. Churches in the homelands 3. The Crisis in the Churches in have been brought together in a Mission Lands.

united missionary program; books 4. The Crisis in the Home Base and newspapers, students from Churches. abroad and travelers visiting mis- sion lands have made us familiar The Crisis in Mission Lands with world conditions and have de- Any traveler or student of world veloped an understanding of the conditions needs no argument to other man's point of view. The Christian Church has become in- prove that the world itself is at a diginous in the mission fields. crisis.

But today is a day of awakening 1. There is, today, a world-wide youth, a day of scientific investiga- awakening. The ignorance, lethtion, of realism, of skepticism, of argy, and subjection of the masses revision and revolt. The mission- to the favored few or to things as ary enterprise has survived the they have been, is a thing of the threatened dangers of infancy and past. Our recent world journey of youth. revealed everywhere this spirit of What are the dangers that unrest and a desire for change.

threaten its' further development, 1. This is almost universally perchance its very life, in this day true in the political world and is of maturity? The questions arise- no doubt traceable to the influence Shall we retreat or advance? Shall of the World War, to the progress we revise our misisonary ideals, of education, to the rising spirit of our main purpose, our policies, democarcy and to the desire of all our methods? Some are asking people to share in the benefits enanew if the world after all needs joyed in the most favored classes the Gospel of Christ. Is the Gos- or nations. In Egypt and the Sudan, pel effective as a world force to riots are suppressed only with a bring enlightenment, peace, justice strong hand; in Syria the spirit and satisfaction? The World War of revolt against French control has taken the scales from many s I urn be r s but is not quenched; eyes and has revised standards of Palestine is a caldron where Arab life. The crisis of maturity comes oil and Jewish water refuse to mix; from a temptation to complacency; Arabia is in revolt against the Sulfrom an inclination to question the tan, Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud; India need for such sacrifice. Men are is still seething with revolt against inclined to cast aside all beliefs and British rule and insistently destandards and to try new theories mands self-government; Moslems of life and liberty. and Hindus vie with each other for In this day of change and re- supremacy; Burma has recently vision we see Christian missions been the scene of riots and rebelfaced by a fourfold crisis. It is a lion; China is torn in all directions time when the enterprise is again by civil war and is the hotbed of in the balance, or at a fork in the pirates, bandits and communists; roads. Let us consider this four- revolution has recently changed fold crisis and how it is to be met. the governments of Turkey, Ger- 1. The Crisis in Mission Land.~. many, Italy, Greece, Serbia, Ire- 2. The Crisis in Missionary Pol· land and Spain. Russia is the icies. Esau among the nations-her hand

against every natioH and every na- cult. This is true in Japan and tion's hand against her. The Latin China, in India and Burma, in American republics are the scenes Persia and Europe. The financial of continued political revolution; depression in lands from which the seeds of rebellion are not ab- missionaries come increases the sent from the United States of problem of adequate support for America and are growing in Great the work. Australia is threatened Brit3,in and the nations of Europe. with bankruptcy, due largely to This universal political unrest prodigal spending. The unemploymay not be wholly evil, but it di- ment problems in England and verts attention from the pursuits North America have 'caused much of peace and makes missionary suffering and have helped to bring work more difficult. In China, for a great decrease in gifts to mis- example, the civil war, riots and sions. The economic depression banditry have resulted in the re- also offers opportunity for worldcent murder of ten or more mis- wide communistic propaganda.

sionaries, in the capture of some 3. The social upheaval in mis- twenty-five others held for ransom, sion lands is another element in the in the looting or destruction of crISIS. Not only has the revolu- churches, schools, and residences tion in Russia elevated the pro- and in the defiling of many of the letariat at the expense of the mission buildings by ruthless sol- intelligentsia but throughout Asia diers. The Chinese pastors, stu- the depressed classes are looking dents and other Christians have with disfavor on the unequal dis- been molested and some of them tribution of wealth and are de- have been killed. It is a critical manding their rights. The social time in every disturbed land. order in India that has for cen- World-Wide Depression turies prevailed, is being chal- lenged. While villages still observe 2. There is also a crisis in mis- caste restrictions, with the advance sion lands due to world-wide eco- of education and the increase of nomic depression. This is the intercommunication, these caste result of war and national debts, rules are difficult to enforce in of drought and floods, of over-pro- cities. At the Round Table Con- duction and selfish competition, of ference in London, caste was dis- unemployment and foolish extrava- regarded by Indian delegates who gance. Korea, for example, is be- agreed to work for its abolition ing materially developed by the when India obtains self-govern- Japanese while the Koreans are ment. This involves many difficul- being impoverished by taxation ties for education is required to and by the introduction of ma- train outcastes in habits of cleanli- chinery which makes hand labor ness and the present social system less in demand. This condition of India requires sweepers to clean makes the development of self- latrines and do similar disagree- supporting churches very difficult. able duties before modern sanita- In all Asiatic lands the masses are tion is generally introduced. Many held down under grinding poverty. social reforms have been intro- While the economic life of some is duced in all mission fields-includ- being raised, that of a still larger ing new marriage laws and the number is being made more diffi- rights of women. But with new

THE PRESENT CRISIS IN MISSION LANDS

liberty to women, without old so- "lose face." Youth is in the saddle.

cial restrictions, there come also Will the result be a dash for liberty many dangers. and a fall, or will the situation 4. The intellectual crisis in mis- come under wise control and evension lands is due to the growth of tuate in intelligent leadership?

education and the introduction of The Present Religious Crisis new ideas from the West. This increased enlightenment has led to 5. The religious crisis in these the breaking down of superstition, mission lands is even more immi- the acceptance of modern science, nent and important. With the in- and the growth of literacy with all troduction of modern education, that it involves. Children are be- the old religious superstitions and coming more sophisticated than customs are bound to go. Idolatry their parents and are breaking must be discarded. The obscene away from parental control. The symbolism and songs and the mor- growth and adoption of new ideas al evils associated with the temples is seen in every mission field, es- in India stand discredited; the pecially perhaps in such lands as ceremony of bathing in filthy Turkey where the whole order and temple tanks and rivers, is already ideal of education have changed. disapproved as breeding disease; Formerly it was illegal to translate the support of parasitic priests in the Koran which was the chief Hindu and Buddhist lands cannot textbook in the schools. N ow it is continue indefinitely. A Ire a d y discarded and the sacred Arabic many temples in India are losing script is replaced by the Roman patronage; hundreds of temples in alphabet, thus closing the door on China are falling into decay or are the past while opening wide the being used for secular purposes; door to modern literature-much in Japan, Shinto worship is being of which is corrupting and athe- accepted as a patriotic rite and istic. Buddhists are imitating Christian The effect of this 'intellectual songs and methods. Even among crisis is seen in a marked degree Moslems the old fanaticism is dein China, where the old Confucian creasing, confidence in the perfecstandards of education have been tion of Mohammed and in the final discarded in favor of modern phil- authority of the Koran is passing, osophy and science. As a result, and reform sects are declaring that everything old and formerly re- while Islam is supreme, all religions vered is being relegated to the are really one. In Africa and the scrap-heap. Students of modern- Pacific Isles, ignorant spirit worism have become self-confident and ship and witchcraft break down aggressive and take delight in under the influence of modern eduiconoclasm. Student strikes are cation.

common in both government and Not only are old beliefs dying mission schools. Resignations of out, and with them many evil cus- presidents and professors are de- toms, but there are passing also manded ; scholastic degrees are many safeguards and regulations considered more desirable than for conduct. There is danger that character or intelligence; faculties all religion may be discarded for are asked to pass students who do a rationalistic and materialistic not meet requirements, less they philosophy of life. This tendency

is seen in an extreme form in Rus- be laid in truth and will more abidsia where Communistic leaders ing and satisfactory superstruchave come out for atheism and tures be built according to "the anti-God societies h a v e bee n pattern in the mount"? Will the formed. Religion is declared to basis of the new structure be mire be a tool of imperialistic capitalism and quicksand rather than rock, and an "opiate of the people." Not and will buildings of wood, hay only is the teaching of religion to and stubble rise instead of stone children forbidden, but the youth and steel? are trained to break down faith in Christ and in all Christian beliefs II. This crisis in mission lands and customs. The results are is also affected by the new and shown in the disregard for truth more intimate contacts of all naand for parental authority, in the tions, races and religions. Isolalight value placed on life, in the tion is a thing of the past. breaking down of morality and the Whether we will or no, each man rejection of all ethical standards is, in some degree, his brother's for life other than those imposed keeper. Where one hundred years by the State. Russia proclaims ago it required seven months to itself a union of Soviet Socialist reach a distant field, today the Republics, but is in reality a des- whole globe can be circled in three potism, and anarchy is controlled weeks in a zeppelin. Where it only by force. In China, India, formerly took a year for letters to Japan, Moslem lands and else- travel, the radio and cable can where, the Christian missionary bring news to the most remote outtoday not only faces the antago- stations in a few minutes. Stanley nism of false religions, but must took three years to find Livingmeet the bitter attacks of anti-re- stone, but today a wireless is set ligious forces. Many young people up in Central Africa and a convereducated in modern colleges at sation is held with Chicago. As a home and in foreign lands have result we not only know what is discarded all religion and now use happening in remote lands almost their intellectual training to fight before it occurs, but the influence Christianity and the missionary of of a battle, a market depression, a Christ. China and Turkey have change in government or a disrequired the exclusion of all reli- aster is felt almost immediately gion from mission schools and col- around the world. If the women leges; Japan and Persia have in America stop wearing silk, it passed laws for the same purpose causes suffering in the villages of and In d i a may discriminate Japan. World-wide travel and disagainst Christianity when self-rule semination of news increases the senses of friendliness or of fricis established. tion. The exclusion law passed in All mission lands, and particu- Washington immediately c au sed anti-American demonstrations in larly the peoples of Asia and Africa, Japan while friendly acts, as in the time of the earthquake, open are in a state of unrest and trans- wide the doors. ition. New forces are coming into play. Old things are passing These closer contacts also help away; an things are becoming to spread disease. It is said that new. Will the new civilizations be the deadI;v influenza epidemic of ynstabl!, or will better foundations

THE PRESENT CRISIS IN MISSION LANDS

1918, which wrought such world- as painted. Books written to show wide havoc, started in central Asia. the b e aut i e s of nonChristian The spread of leprosy and plague faiths, and advocating eclecticism, must be guarded against by rigid have also had an effect of weaken- quarantine; atheistic or commu- ing the conviction of some as to the nistic propaganda e a s i I y and need for Christian missions. Many rapidly spreads from east to west books, magazine articles and lec- and north to south. As in days of tures, written to entertain, show old the same ship carried to Africa only the picturesque side of non- strong drink and Bibles, so today Christian peoples and overlook the the same post carries truth and sordid, the false elements in their falsehood, C h r i s t ian and anti- religions and their lack of power Christian influences. to save men from sin and death.

The Mixture of Faiths For those who accept this view, the nerve of missions is cut at home III. Another factor in this and the people in mission lands are crisis in mission lands, due to the often told that Americans and closer contacts and the interchange British are accepting Hinduism, of ideas, is the mingling of differ- Islam or other cults in place of ent faiths and philosophies and the Christianity. Many, like Mahatma breaking down of religious bar- Gandhi, attempt to add Jesus to riers. the Oriental Pantheon, as merely The people of China and India another honored teacher of morals no longer judge America by the and truth. The clearcut line of missionaries they meet. The World demarkation between the followers War, the coming of students and of Christ and those who reject other travelers to Europe and Him is becoming more faint and America, the spread of the cinema less distinguishable in many cases.

and the work of news gathering Truly there is a modern crisis agencies have raised the question: in mission lands due to the univer- Is the civilization of the Occident sal unrest, to the closer contact be- desirable for Oriental peoples? The tween Orient and Occident, to stories and pictures of murder, distorted views of Christianity and robbery, adultery, unbridled pas- of nonChristian religions, and to sion and other evils, exploited in the weakening of conviction as to the Orient, give as unsavory a view the unique and supreme place of of "Christian" lands from which Christ as the only Saviour of man they come, as does Miss Mayo's and the true revelation of God.

book of the life in India. Natur- Effects and Dangers ally the question is asked by these "heathen": Will we better our con- The effects of this crisis in mis- ditions by becoming Christians? sion lands is most evident today On the other hand, the propa- in an extreme form in Russia.

ganda of Mrs. Annie Besant, the There political unrest has resulted visits to America and Europe by in revolution and the establishment such men as Tagore and the lec- of the "dictatorship of the prole- tures of devotees of Hinduism, tariat"-in reality a despotism in Bahaism and other religions, have the hands of a small committee.

raised doubts in many Occidental Economic revolution has over- minps if these religions are as bad thrown private ownership and man-

agement of industries based on ex- a tory? Jesus Christ faced similar perience, has established nationalized enterprises and done away situation in Palestine in His day, with private ownership. The so- though there was then less power cial upheaval has submerged the in the revolutionary party. That bourgeoise (or upper classes) and was also a time of unrest and a has put the laborers in authority. desire for change. The Jews were Blood has given place to brawn as restive under the rule of Rome so a passport to preferment. Palaces that a class of patriots arose, called are turned into tenements and the zealots. Poverty and wealth were only privileged classes (theoreti- in severe contrast, as is seen in the cally) are those who submerge story of the rich man and Lazarus. individuality in the social mass This caused bitter enmity and disand submit absolutely to the Soviet satisfaction. Sharp social lines regime. The intellectual revolu- were drawn, even among the Jews tion has resulted in the deposition themselves, between pharisees and of intelligentsia, the discarding of publicans, between master and all tradition, the adoption of ma- slave. Intellectual awakening was terialism as the foundation of life, promoted through the influence of and rationalism as the philosophy Greek culture and philosophy. Heof the land. Prurient and blas- brew religious beliefs and practices phemous literature is given free were influenced by those of Egypt, circulation in Russia while the Greece, Babylonia and Rome. publication and distribution of the Bible is banned. The religious up- How did Christ and His apostles heaval has been expressed in icono- turn the unrest and the crisis of clasm and a persistent effort to that day into victory? destroy faith in God, in human responsibility to any power outside First, they made no compromise of the State and in a. denial of with evil or with political forces immortality. Liberty of conscience out of harmony with God and his and freedom to teach religion is program. They fearlesSly and denied. Class hatred is promoted rather than brotherly love. Perse- consistently preached the Kingdom cution and death is the· fate of of God and His righteousness. those who put God first. Man is God and his will came first in their conceived of as a transient and thought and program. intellectual animal without a soul, rather than as a spiritual being Second, they asked no special made in the image of God, with protection or privileges in the dis- Godlike possibilities and destiny. charge of their mission. Jesus In spite of the good elements in the Soviet program of social justice, suffered and died without resistnations that adopt the philosophy ance, though He might have called and program of atheistic commun- on the Father for twelve legions ism start on the road to destruc- of angels to defend Him against tion. His enemies. The apostles fol- lowed His example. How Meet This Crisis Third, they trusted the truth of How is this crisis in mission God, constantly and consistently lands to be met and turned to vic- proclaimed to work a revolution in men's minds and hearts, by the power of the Holy Spirit.

Fourth, they manifested the life and power of God by pure living and loving service without thought

THE PRESENT CRISIS IN MISSION LANDS

of selfish gain or earthly reward. says in his recent book "China's They followed the way of the Cross Rev 0 I uti 0 n from the Inside,"

to victory. though "antiChristian movements We know the result. It required are popular among certain classes time and patience, fidelity and there are no attacks against the suffering, but a small united group person of Jesus" or against His of men and women under the teachings. Spiritua1 forces are leadership of Christ were used to greatest. Mahatma Gandhi, per- transform Europe – politically, haps the finest example of non- economically, socially, intellectually Christian leaders, acknowledges and religiously. Men of different the power of the principles of races came into closer contact and Christ and seeks to follow His ex- into a fuller understanding, but the ample and teachings. Toyohiko standards of the Word of God were Kagawa, the notable Japanese not lowered and the strength of Christian, has won a unique posi- pagan religions was not permitted tion of leadership by sacrificial to dilute the Gospel of Christ. The service and seeks to correct the sovereignty of God was put first evils of the day and to transform and the Spirit of God was the society by love as revealed in Jesus power on which the apostles de- Christ.

pended to carry out the program Spiritual forces must be de- af God. pended upon to turn the crisis in This method of meeting the mission lands into victory. The crisis in mission lands is not out of Church and the representatives of date. The power of God has not Christ must present united forces, waned and is manifest today. The not a divided army, we must ad- dead religion of the Czarist regime vance on our knees, bearing the caused faith to be discarded, but Cross, in the spirit of sacrificial evangelical Christians are exerting service, if the Kingdom of God is a strong influence in Russia in to come and the standard of Christ spite of persecution. Missionaries is to wave supreme over every in China and other lands have re- land. The day wi1l come when nounced protection and special "every knee shall bow and every privileges from secular govern- tongue confess that Jesus Christ is ments. The failure of Christians Lord to the glory of God the to follow fully the teachings of Father"-the day when Christ Christ has caused misunderstand- Himself will return in power to ing and has brought discredit on reign and will subdue all things the Church but, as Dr. R. Y. La unto Himself.

(Next Month-THE CRISIS IN MISSIONARY POLICY) THE WORLD'S NEED-It is not worth while to cross the street to give India a new religious philosophy. India already has more religions and more philosophy than its people can und,erstand.

It would be a waste {jf time to give China a new code of ethics. Confucius gave the Chinese a vastly better code than they have ever practiced.

There is no need to go across the sea to give Japan a better system of education for the Japanese have all that the West can give them.

But it is worth the sacrifice of money, of comforts, of life itself to carry to India, to China, to Japan, to Africa and other lands the Good News that Jesus Christ came into the world to save sinners and to reveal God, the Heavenly Father, and to make possible God's way of life for men.

UNHOLY "HOLI" FESTIVAL IN

FROM MISS IVA M. FISH The following private letter has recently come from a missionary friend in India with whom we stayed last year. It expresses a deep need.

T HIS is the big day of that Last Monday when I was visiting disgusting Hindu hoi ida y in one of the Hindu homes, the "Holi." Because of this re- women said, "Do you see the pic- ligious festival I am not able to go tures on that calendar in front of into the city to teach this week. you? They killed a Sahib." It Yesterday we went in a motor was a picture of two young Indian lorry to a small place about sixty men dressed in European clothes.

miles from here. In the jungle we "But why do you have the pic- ran out of gas and had to wait ture of murderers in your house?"

there for two hours. It was the I asked. The reply came smilingly night when Hindus light the big and rather proudly, "They killed a bonfire which is part of this cele- white man."

bration. Another woman and I had "Why'!" I asked.

to wait at a crossroads alone for a "Gandhi Ji," was all she would time and as we sat on a stone by say.

the wayside, people from the vil- One morning I was coming lage came into the jungle, hunting along a narrow city street, and anything that would burn. Their just ahead of me saw a young man, shouts, as they found cow-dung with his head turned in the other or other inflammable material, direction, just finishing his toilette sounded like a mob of fiends. It on the front verandah. He was made the chills run down my back tying his dhoties (loose trousers).

to hear them. He put his hand inside the door We were thankful to reach home and brought out a terrible looking safely, but since midnight crowds knife, full twelve inches long, of men, covered with red color, which he stuck in the side of his have passed our house beating dhoties at the waist. He pulled drums and singing vile songs. I down his long shirt and walked am told that at this festival time away. One, who had not seen what the women sing and repeat to one had hapened would have thought another such obscene things that he was an innocent, peaceful young if they did it at any other time of man. I wondered how many of the the year, their husbands would kill men whom I pass every day are them! The very beat of the drums thus prepared for eventualities.

indicate that the songs are evil. Poor India.

The educated young men claim Pray for the Indian Church.

that they do not take part in this Next week is a week of evangel- festival, but it seems impossible ism. From the indifference of that all are uneducated who are the many Indian Christians, it passing our house today, This is seems that unless missionaries do a horrible curse of Hinduism! most of the work, the week will not The religion of these people be very fruitful. The time has sanctions murder and obscenity. come when these Indian Christians 444

MISS SUSIE SORABJI, OF POONA

should evangelize their own coun- wasted in thinking of authority, try, but too often they seem to money and honors. Until foreign think most about the money which and Indian Christian ideals and the West sends to this land, and desires harmonize and are the who is to have the spending of it. same as those of our Master, to bring men and women out of dark- We all need to be fired by the ness into His glorious light, we Holy Spirit with a zeal for Christ. cannot walk together. Why should Last Sunday I felt intensely the not all the members of the Indian pain and burden of it all. The Church learn to look upon it as a Christian women in my Bible class duty and privilege to tell the story agreed that they should be wit- of the love of Christ? In my ears nesses for Christ, but they quite I hear, "Ye must be born again" calmly acknowledged they did not and I know that when we have a have enough love for the Lord. Church made up wholly of "born- How greatly we need a revival! If again Christians" then it will be Christians truly know their Sav- a witnessing Church and a Church iour there will be much more time with power. May God hasten the spent in bringing others to a day! knowledge of Him, and less time MISS SUSIE SORABJI, OF POONA T HE Rev. Sorabji Kharsedji Helena's is a co-educational and in- and his wife were pioneers of ternational school, meant chiefly progress and education in the Bombay Presidency. He was one of for Parsees, but in which seven difthat famous group of Parsee stu- ferent nationalities are repredents who many years ago became Christians in Bombay. Susie was sented. the sixth daughter, and the son was The children come as babies to a well-known barrister of North India. All the daughters were un- the Kindergarten and grow up tousually brilliant and their activi- gether, which has made co-educaties brought them into touch with tion a success. St. Helena's is a English and American life. One corporation of friends, and looks of them is a Christian woman bar- upon differences as new species of rister who recently toured Amer- gifts to be contributed to the servica, and another is Mrs. Pennell, ice of the world in the name of the the widow of the famous mission- "family." Some leave St. Helena's ary physician of the Afghan fron- for university or professional life tier. Susie Sorabji had travelled in India or overseas; some to sit extensively in England and Amer- on the gadis of some Hindu or Mosica. She was a very well educated lem State; many to marry and and capable teacher, giving un- send the second generation to regrudgingly honorary service, first vive old memories and uphold the to the Victoria High School, traditions of the school. founded by her mother, and later to St. Helena's, Poona, which is The Saint Helena High School her great gift to the world. St. was one of the great educational institutions in Poona, where there are seven colleges and the same number of high schools. The insti- tution ministers to a large number

of the higher classes-some of by ill-health; was almost blind due them the children of chiefs and to an operation for glaucoma in rajas. With the help of American 1909; she had a weak heart; had and Canadian friends Miss Sorabji four attacks of pneumonia in a purchased the valuable property, year, and in 1927 faced a major opand put up the buildings. The de- eration which few in her state of velopment of this work was in a health ever survive. Her faith was great measure due to the generos- unshakable, and she was a triumity of Miss Helen Gould (now Mrs. phant Christian. Finley J. Shepard) who met Miss Sorabji in America. This is why During her illness the people it is called the Saint Helena High who poured into her gates to say, School. "This and this she did for me," said also, "We have never seen such love Miss Sorabji was a wonderfully fine personality. There was some- and such nobility." "We love her thing queenly about her-a tal- and we want to do something for ented, gracious personality consecrated to the great work of bring- her." Old boys and girls came ing Christ to his Indian throne. from all distances to see her once more. N ow her pupils, past and Miss Sorabji not only shared in present, desire to enlarge the Scithe teaching of the High School, ence Building in her memory, and but she superintended also and con- to help carryon her work and her trolled two vernacular schools, one ideals as far as they may. for Hindu and one for Moslem children, to which schools also she Miss Sarabji was a member of gave appropriate buildings. And the Church of England and to that in addition the Women's Council, church the responsibility for mainthe Y. W. C. A., the Soldier's taining the school has been as- Home, the Women's Prison, the signed. Poor House, the Asylum, Scouts and Guides and Blue Birds, and min- Throughout her life Miss Sorabji istering to children, the Kaiser-i- exerted a decided Christian influ- Hind Chapter of the Canadian Daughters of the Empire, of which ence in her Bible classes, in her she was Regent-every kind of public addresses and in her perwork for women and children had sonal contacts. When Mrs. Naidu her cooperation and sympathy. was detained in the Poona jail, Miss Sorabji visited her several She was utterly unsparing of times, presented her with a Bible, herself. She poured out love on and evidently got near the heart of everyone around her. No one in that great Indian woman leader. trouble ever lacked sympathy when It was a thrilling moment at the she knew of the trouble. In the busiest of weeks, not long before funeral service when Canon she died, she found time to call and sympathize with a Parsee ex-pupil Butcher announced to the great about the death of a beloved dog. gathering of Parsees, Hindus, Mo- Miss Sorabji was handicapped hammedans and Christians that the fine cultured Parsee lady-Miss Sorabji's right hand and fellow worker in the Saint Helena School -had just resolved to give herself to Christ.

fTHODS fOR WO……_a

Edited BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK The editor of this Department de- hands remain clasped on breast while sires to g;ve credit to Mrs. Frank face is lifted heavenward, but at the Rector of 80 Clyde St., Pawtucket, R. words "earthly night," droops again I., for the fine methods contributed by on breast through remainder of the her to the November and December stanza and remains so until the end issues. The devotional aervice in the of the line, "More than thy tongue can November issue is particularly usable. tell." At beginning of line, "To bring ALL FOR CHRIST my wandering sheep," the clasped hands are slowly stretched out to ex- By MAMIE GLASSBURNER OF CHINA treme front and unclasped, and palms (This is a very effective program for turned upward. With a sweeping mo- tion the hands move apart to extreme use either in home or foreign mission right and left, when the palms become fields. It can. be adapted to any church horizontal, and then with an enclosing audience.) On the platform should be erected gesture, cross handa upon the breast, either a large white or a large remaining to end of the stanza.

rustic cross, the crosspiece of which At words "And I have brought to should be at least a foot above the thee" face and eyes are lifted toward head of the tallest participant in the heaven. At "Salvation full and free,"

pageant. The background should be both arms are extended upward in a covered with dark blue hangings or receiving gesture. At "What hast with branches of trees. The "Disci- thou brought to me" hands are again ples" ·should be seated in various parts pressed upon the breast, while eyes of the audience and approach as continue to gaze heavenward.

though in spontaneous response to the At the words "I consecrate my life,"

appeal. the eyes rest upon the crosspiece and As the organist begins to play "I both hands are extended toward the gave my life for thee," Evangelist foot of the cross in a gesture of sur- takes her place on the plat:f'orm near render, which is held through the the cross. After the prelude the choir remainder of the stanza, when Evan- begins to sing. At the words, "I gave gelist clasps her hands upon her my life for thee," she clasps her hands breast, and lifts face and eyes toward on a level with her breast and about heaven and prays: a foot in front of her, lifts her head "Our Lord, how matchless is thy and gazes intently at the middle of grace! You were rich but for our the crosspiece, remaining in this at- sakes you became poor that we, titude until the end of the first stanza. through your poverty, might be made With the line "I labored many years rich. You left the glory of heaven; for thee" the clasped hands rest upon you toiled through weary years; you the breast. The head droops low and suffered scoffing and insult; you were moves slowly from straight front po- nailed to the cross to purchase for us sition to extreme left, then slowly to the gift unspeakable. Yet shall we extreme right, and again to straight take thy gifts and nothing to thee front, and droops on breast through bring? Awaken us! Forgive our cold- remainder of stanza. ness! Show us what we may bring At the words "My Father's house" to thee! Amen."

447

(Hands are dropped to sides and self involves much. The members of face is turned to audience.) one'·s body, one's thoughts, one's powers, and one's purposes are all in- "Fellow Christians, our Lord Jesus cluded and should all be fully yielded Christ came to earth to establish to His perfect will. Lips that are God's Kingdom of Righteousnes·s; to given to Him not only should refrain preach deliverance to the captives; from evil and untrue speaking; they and recovering of sight to the blind; should comfort the sad, encourage the to set at liberty them that are bruised. disheartened, and dissuade them bent on wrongdoing; and they should ever "To carry out this program, our be bearing witness to the goodness Lord depended on no other force than and power of God. Hands and feet the transforming power of sacificial that belong to Him should not only love. He himself loved and sacrificed keep themselves from actual sin; they to the uttermost and then turned over should labor to relieve the need of the accomplishment of his great pur- others; they should help the weak; pose to his followers, and that trust they should run on errands of mercy. has at last been passed on to you and to me. In Christ we have found for- "The disciple who has given himself giveness of sin; in Him we have wholly to Christ will not use his Godgained a peace and joy that the world given mental powers for selfish gain. can neither give nor take away. In His eloquence will be spent in explain- Him we have found true freedom. In ing the truth and exposing error and Him we have' found light upon our superstition; his memory will recall way and the hope of eternal life. But the labors and sufferings and necessihow many of our brothers and sisters ties of others; his imagination wiIl still are strangers to Him and to his find new ways to uplift society and to grace! Is this because of our careless- abolish its inj ustices and inequalities. ness and our selfishness? When on the His thoughts will not dwell on vain cross He cried, "I thirst," it was not ·sensualities but on whatsoever things the physical distress but the symbol are true, whatsoever things are honof His unquenchable yearning for the est, whatsoever things are just, whatsalvation of the world and for the con- soever things are lovely, whatsoever summation of the Kingdom of Right- things are of good report. eousness. "Are you willing to give yourself to "To be saved the world must believe Him?" on Him of whom they have not heard; how shall they hear without a First Disciple: "This is indeed my preacher; and how shall they preach purpose; but only as His Spirit a·ssists unle·ss they be sent? To go, to preach, me can 1 hope to reach the high ideal and to send, requirEs the sacrifice of which you have set before me." (Lays time, of money, and of life. Who then her flag at the foot of the cross and is willing to consecrate his service this kneels while the choir sings, "Take day unto the Lord?" my life and let it be consecrated Lord bo thee" first, second, fourth, and fifth (Choir again sings softly the first stanzas.) stanza of "I gave my life for thee." First Disciple approaches carrying the Evangel.ist: "Disciple arise!" (She red flag of personality.) hands back the flag) "Christ has ac- cepted your gift. He now gives it Evangelist greets her: "Disciple, back to you to use for Him as He shall what gift do you bring to our Lord 1" direct." (Gives her a lighted candle.) "This is the symbol of your consecra- First Disciple answers: "Evangel- tion. From henceforth your acts of ist, as I think of the grace of our kindness, your holy example, your Lord Jesu·s Christ 1 deeply desire to constructive thoughts, and the tes.tigive myself to Him; but I do not mony of your lips will be as a light to clearly apprehend how this is done."

Evangelist: "Consecration of one-

19311 M~THObs t6R W6RKERS

those about you. Guard your light enough to provide the necessities of and let it not grow dim." life, he will not enrich himself from profit 'on their toil. Moreover, as God (Choir sings first stanza and chorus has directed in His Word, He will of, "We'll walk in the Light." During give the tithe of his income to the supsinging second Disciple appear·s.) port of the church and its manifold forms of social service. Disciple, are Evangelist greets her: "Welcome you ready to accept this solemn refriend! Have you something to con- sponsibility?" secrate to the service of Jesus Christ?" Second Disr:iple: "I am ready. May God help me to be a faithful steward Second Disciple: "Once I craved the of that which He has given to me." wealth of the world. All my strength (Lays his golden treasure box at the and thought have gone to the acquisi- foot of the cross and kneels while the tion of silver and gold and the things choir sing·s, "Take my silver and my that silver and gold could purchase, gold: Not a mite would I withhold." houses, land, food, and clothes. Now, E1Jangelist lays his hand on the dissaved by His great love, I gladly bring ciple's shoulder, Disciple. arises. my wealth to Him. One thing however troubles me; the Lord whom we Evangelist hands him the golden worship is an unseen spirit. How can box and says: "Christ accepts the of- He use my wealth? How can I give it fering you have brought. He now to Him?" returns it to you, trusting you to re- member that it is no longer yours but Evangelist: "At the last great day, His. As you use it for Him it will the King of kings shall say to His bring joy toO the sad and hope to the faithful servants, 'Come, ye blessed of disheartened. It will enable those now my Father, inherit the kingdom pre- crushed in poverty to live a more pared for you from the foundation of abundant life, and it will bring the Gospel of Christ to those who have the world: for l was an hungered, and never heard it. So I give toO you this candle as the badge of your stewardye gave me meat: I was thirsty, and ship. Now it is required of stewards ye gave me drink: I was a stranger, that a man be found faithful, so keep and ye took me in: naked, and ye your light burning." clothed me: I Was sick and ye visited me: I was in prison, and ye came (Second Disciple takes her place by unto me. the cross while the choir sings the second stanza and chorus of "We'll "'Then shall the righteous answer walk in the light." Third Disciple aphim, saying, Lord, when saw we thee proaches, carrying a small clock or a an hungered and fed thee? or thirsty large dial clearly marked, so as toO be and gave thee drink? … or naked and seen by the entire aUdience.) clothed thee? or when saw we thee sick or in prison, and came unto thee?' Evangelist: "Friend, what offering dD you bring to the cause .of Christ?" "'And the King shall answer and say unto them, "Verily I say unto you, Third Disciple: "I am naturally in- Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one dolent and fond of pleasure. I have of the least of these my brethren, ye wasted many hours, and days, and have done it unto me.'" years. Today I woOuld bring my time toO Christ. Will you tell me how I may "Disciple, do you not know that all offer it to Him?" of the poor of the earth, the helpless widows, the fatherless children, are Evangelist: "Friend, our Lord is the brothers and sisters of our Lord. indeed pleased with this offering of Therefore to give one's wealth to Him yours. His righteous kingdom has is to administer it for others. While been hindered in its progress nDt only others are hungry the true disciple by lack of men and money, but also cannot eat and drink extravagantly. because there are so many kinds of While others have no place of shelter, he cannot live in luxury. While the wages of the laboring man are not 4

kingdom services that no one has time other six days to glorify Christ and to perform. How many mothers work advance His Kingdom. all day al!d far into the night, they have no time to read their Bibles no "Disciple, do you renounce leisure opportunity to go to church, no time and vain pleasure to use your time for recreation, because the young peo- a-s your Lord shall direct?" ple 'of the family thoughtlessly spend their time for pleasure instead of us- Disciple: "I renounce them: my ing it to help lighten the burdens of God strengthen my purpose." (Lays others, which is one of the simplest the clock at the foot of the cross and ways of giving it to Christ. kneels.) "How many illiterate people there Choir sings: are! They have no money to enter school; and they cannot leave their "Take my moments and my days families or their daily tasks. If some- Let them flow in ceaseless praise one would give of his leisure to teach B~es.sing others as I go, them an hour each evening after the LIftmg loads, returning woe." day's work is done, they would in time become able to read and to write and Evangelist draws near and speaks: tQ gather truth for themselves from the Word of God which is now sealed "Disciple ari-se! Your prayer of conto them. A good way to give your time to Christ is to teach those who secration has been heard. Your time are untaught. is hencefonth His; but He trusts you "Think how many sick there are with no one to bring them a refresh- to use it for Him." (Hands her the ing draught when they are thirsty; no one to bathe them when they are in clock) "Used for Him it will bring fever; no .one to wash and change their clothes and bedding. To use cheer to the disconsolate, relief to the one's time to comfort and care for those who are suffering in weakness overburdened, and light to those who and pain is another way to give it to Christ. now sit in darkness. Therefore, I give "Again, the true disciple should you this lighted candle as the fitting strive for a constantly enriching personality. His learning and his knowl- emblem of your trust. His light will edge of the truth should be ever on the increase: so another method of shine upon your way, and as you consecrating one's time to the Master is to set apart a portion of it for the faithfully walk in its radiance it will study of the Bible and the reading of other helpful books. grow brighter and brighter unto the "The first step in the consecration perfect day." (Hands her the candle of time is the keeping of the Sabbath as Chri-st kept it; refraining from and choir sings "We'll walk in the one's ordinary tasks; meeting with other disciples for praise, prayer, and Ii g h t." The Fourth Disciple apinstruction in the things of the Spirit; and engaging in special acts proaches wearing a carpenter's apron 'of mercy and religious service. He, who thus sanctifies one day in seven, in the pocket of which is a plane and will not easily forget that all of his time is holy, and he will not fail to square. Evangelist greets her.) find guidance as to how to use the Fourth Disciple: "EvangeJi.s.t, I too, love the Lord and realize something of the depths of His grace. I, too, long for the coming of His Kingdom and of righteousness; but what have I to offer Him 1 I have no time no money, no learning." '

Evangelist: "Friend, what have you in your pocket?"

(Disciple draws out plane and square.) "These are my carpenter's plane and square,"

Evangelist: "Why do you not give them to Christ 1"

Disciple: "Do I dare offer such coarse and common things to Him?"

Evangelist: "The plane and square are the emblems of your toil. Do you not know that toil is honorable in the sight of God? Our Lord Jesus grew

METHODS FOR WORKERS

up in the family of a laborer. He nance will illumine your heart and Himself was a carpenter but His work life. Take then this light as the was good and true. symbol of your consecrated labor; keep it burning until you hear His "In establishing His KingdQm of final 'well done, gO<Jd and faithful Love, our Lord needs, not only the servant.' " (Disciple takes the plane personality, the wealth, and the time and square and the lighted candle.) of His followers, but also their fine, true labor. To give our labor to Him Choir sings: "We'!I walk in the not only means that we will not slight light." (lilr work nor seek for undue profit from it, it also means that we will Fifth Disciple advances bringing do it with His joy and with His heart with him his elderly mother, his of love. The house built by the Chris- grown-up son, his daughter-in-law, tian carpenter sh()uld be m<Jre endur- and his younger daughter. The daughmg than <Jthers, that men may dwell ter-in-Iaw should lead by the hand a in comfort. The field worked by the small granddaughter four or five years Christian farmer should yield more of age. than others, that the world's hunger may be fed. The home of the Chris- Evangelist greets Disciple and says: tian housekeeper should be cleaner "Disciple, who are these with you? Have you anything to consecrate to lie than others, that the health of the the ~ervice of the Lord?"

village may promoted. The burden Disciple: "This is my family" carried by the Christian loadman and (pointing to each) "my mother, my the boats rowed by the Christian boat- son, my daughter-in-law, my little men should reach their destination daughter, my grandchild. My family sooner than others, that the commu- is the m<Jst precious thing that I have. nications of the country may be mQre I would bring it to Christ." effective. Moreover, the Christian workman should be constantly finding Evangelist: "Disciple, your purpose new and better methods of work that gives me great joy. If all the folcivilization may be advanced. lowers of Christ had but brought their families to Him, His Kingdom would "Disciple will you consecrate your have come long ago. Since you have labor to the service <Jf Christ?" this thought in your heart, it is im- portant that you should understand Disciple: "I will," (Lays his im- the real character of the Christian plements at foot Qf cross and kneels home." in prayer.) Disciple: "Say on, Sir." Choir sings: Evangelist: "Marriage, which is "Take my work as done for Thee the foundation of the family, should May each task completed be, be, in the Christian home, a holy fel- Faithful, earnest, wrought in love. lowship. This young couple" (indicat- That Thy sway may onward move." ing) "should love, chefi.sh, and trust each other, through joy and sorrow, Evangelist: "Disciple arise and through life and death. The spiritual hear the word of the Lord! 'Whatso- life of the home should be carefully ever thy hand findeth to do, do it with nurtured; and each day the entire thy might, not slothful in business; family should gather for united fervent in spirit; serving the Lord.' prayer and study of God's Word. The Lord has accepted and sanctified This is indeed, the prerequisite of your plane and square. All the work true piety and virtue. All the memthat you do with them is to be His bers of the Christian family should work. It will make your fellow men be able to read. Is this true of happy; it will cause those who do not yours?" yet recognize Christ as Lord, to glorify Him on your account; and Disciple: "My son reads but my as you work the light of His counte- daughter-in-law does not."

Evan.rrelist: "Your mother?" represents labor, often inadequately Disciple: "She had no opportunity compensated, on the part of others, to study when she was young." and to be extravagant or wasteful of Evangelist: "Your little daughter?" food and clothing is a wrong against Disciple: "She has not yet begun to society as a whole. study." Evangelist: "Each evening, after "Moreover, the Christian family is the work is done you should all' as- not content to dwell in peace and love semble for an hour or two of study. itself. Its thought goes out to the Begin with this" (draws a book of weak and unfortunate, and out of its "Probationer's lessons" from his own thrift each member gives regupocket) "It is called the 'Learner's larly and systematically to missionary Handbook' and is just the thing for and philanthropic enterprises. beginners." (Disciple receives it with thanks.) "Disciple, the standard for a Chris- "The Christian home, should be tian home is high. It is not easily sanitary, clothing, food, floors, and reached, but those who determine to furniture should be clean; and every attain the goal not only gain a new room should be open to the fresh air joy and richness of life for themand sunlight. selves and their dear ones; they also "In the Christian home, the father mightily advance the Kingdom of and mother 'should be gentle and lov- God on earth. Are you fully pering and the children should be filial suaded?" and obedient. All should have times of play together, that no barriers of Disciple: "My decisi~n is made. misunderstanding may grow up be- May God assist my weakness and may tween parents and children. They His Spirit touch the heart of each of should go together to church and to these, my loved ones." (Turning to Sunday school to gain instruction in them.) "Will you come with me?" the truth and also to gain the benefit (Kneels while choir sings "The Home of fellowship with other Christians in Transfnrmed by Christ." As these prayer and praise. stanzas are sung, the daughter kneels "Have you any hired help in your on one side of the disciple, the son on the other side. Later the mother and home?" little granddaughter kneel at the side Disciple: "We have a young wom- of the son. Last of all the daughter- in-law speaks to the work woman, and an who helps my daughter-in-law with together they kneel beside the daugh- ter. At the words, "Filled with joy the housework." like that above," all stand and sing EvangeUst.· "Why did you not bring the chorus. At the close of the chorus EvangeUst gives a lighted candle to her with you?" Disciple.) Disciple: "I did not realize that she Evangelist: "The Christian Home should be included." is a lighthouse in the darkness of the Evangelist: "Of course she is in- present social order. Take this as a parable of your high calling in Christ cluded: In Christ there are no class Jesus and may each member of your distinctions; all should be treated as family circle be a light bearer to brothers and sisters. Her work neighbors and friends." (Gives Disshould not be too heavy and her hours ciple a candle for each member of the not too long." family. After Disciple has given each one his candle, each one lights Daughter-in-law: "I will call her." his from Disciple's candle, after which (Goes out and returns with work all sing with the choir, "We'll walk in woman. Evangelist greets her and the light.") The Sixth Disciple adcontinues.) vances carrying the banner of the Chinese Republic. "The Christian home should be thrifty. All should be taught to remember that each grain of rice, and each thread of cotton, wool, or silk,

Evangelist: "Welc'Ome, my y'Oung (Gives the flag back to Disciple and friend! What gift d'O you bring t'O continues.) our Christ?" "YDur l'Ove of country is a gift frDm Disciple: "My heart's desire and G'Od Himself. May its sacrificial prayer t'O G'Od f'Or my c'Ountrymen is flame, like the light 'Of this candle, that they might be saved. On every m'Ount higher and higher. Let it never side I see my own people in peril and grow dim." (Gives her the light.) distress. In what pr'Ovince is the Choir sings: "We'll Walk in the sound of battle not heard? In what Light." (Seventh Disciple comes f'Or- country is there not strife and oppres- ward with a large key in her hand.

siGn? In what city do~s not the terr'Or Evangelist welcDmes her: "Disciple, 'Of plague stalk rampant? In which what 'Offering dD Y'OU bring tD y'Our village are the larger part 'Of the Saviour?"

populace n'Ot illiterate and supersti- Disciple: "When I began tD f'OlI'Ow tious? A£ I have bro'Oded 'Over these Christ, He gave me this key with the things I have c'Ome t'O the realizati'On c'Ommand t'O use it 'Often and the that apart fr'Om Christ's law 'Of love, promise that as I did so I w'Ould find there is n'O hope for China. I w'Ould grace t'O help in time 'Of need, p'Ower bring my CDuntry to Christ, but I f'Or service, and blessing for 'Others: kn'Ow n'Ot h'Ow it is done. Can y'OU but as I was busy ab'Out many things help me?" I f'OrgDt the c'Ommand and the prom- Evangelist: "My friend, y'Our dream ise, and neglected the key till, as YDU is a noble 'One. China is the largest see, it has bec'Ome old and rusty and and m'Ost p'Opul'Ous c'Ountry in the difficult to use: yet, since He gave it w'Orld. China for Christ means the t'O me, it must be of value and I bring world for Christ. When the Kingdom it t'O find how I may c'Onsecrate it t'O 'Of G'Od is established in China it will His service." surely be quickly established in all the earth. But to save 'One's countrymen Evangelist takes the key, examines is n'Ot an easy task. He who cherishes it and says: "Ah! this is the key 'Of this ambition must ren'Ounce vain prayer. The p'Ower 'Of prayer is the pleasure and luxury. He must sacri- m'Ost mysteri'Ous and precious gift fice time and money and the comf'Orts granted to the Christians. Prayer is of h'Ome t'O proclaim Christ'£ way 'Of talking with G'Od. Prayer heals the life. He must be prepared to endure sick and casts out dem'Ons. Prayer scorn and persecution. Paul, t'O save brings the fullness of the Spirit. In his c'Ountrymen, suffered impris'On- 'Ourselves we have nD strength t'O help ment and death. Christ's passi'On for 'Our faculty and friends. We have n'O the salvati'On of his own nation led p'Ower t'O reform society 'Or save 'Our him to Calvary and the shameful c'Ountry. G'Od'·s grace and power are cr'Oss. If y'OU can walk in His £teps, limitless. He waits t'O give them t'O regardless 'Of pain and toil, He wi1l all who need: but that n'One may use use you t'O brlng China t'O Himself: them wr'Ongfully 'Or lightly, he has laid but remember that no man having put d'Own the simple restricti'On that they his hand to the pi'Ow and lo'Oking back are given only t'O thDse wh'O pray in is fit f'Or the Kingd'Om of G'Od." Jesus' name and f'Or His sake.

Disciple: "I have already put my "In all'Owing y'Our key 'Of prayer t'O hand to the plow, I d'O not intend t'O rest in idleness, y'Ou have l'Ost many turn back. My heart's desire and priceless blessings for y'Ourself and prayer is China for Christ." (He for 'Others. In establishing His Kingkneels and lays his flag at the f'O'Ot 'Of d'Om 'On earth, 'Our L'Ord must use the the crDss.) pers'Onality, the wealth, the time, and the lab'Or 'Of His f'OIlDwers. He needs Choir sings: "China f'Or Christ." their families and their l'Ove 'Of c'Oun- try. But if he has all 'Of these with- Evangelist: "D i sci pie arise!" 'Out their persistent, believing prayer,

He is ·still hindered and restricted in is still on the platform the pastor the carrying out of His great prog- should make a plea for consecration, ress. If you really plan to further and an opportunity should be given the interests of His Kingdom by your for those who are already Christians intercession, you must say farewell to manifest their purpose, and f'Or to worldliness and selfish desires, and nonChristians to decide f'Or Christ.

seek constantly to enter into His thought and plans. Begin by setting HYMNS USED apart an early morning hour for "Fr'Om Ocean Unto Ocean" and "0 prayer. Each day your key will be- Happy Home" will be found in come brighter and the door to His "Hymns for the Living Age." The storeroom of grace will open more two hymns "I Gave My Life for Thee" easily until you reach the goal of and "Take My Life" are familiar to all program builders. constant communion with Him so that no matter when or where, you can ask and receive whatever you and ALL FOR JESUS others need for the progress of His Kingdom." (Hands back the k€y,) All for Jesus, all for Jesus, all my be- "He waits and longs for intercessor·s. ing's ransomed power Will you be one?" All my thoughts and words and doings, Disciple: "I will. May he forgive all my dars and all my hours my indifference." (Disciple lays key at foot of cross and kneels while choir All for Jesus, al for Jesus, all for Jesus, sings "What various hindrances we all for Jesus meet.") All my being's ransomed p'Ower, all my Evangelist: "Disciple arise, Take days and all my hours.

up the key that He gave to you and Let my hands perform His bidding, let use it faithfully till His blessed King- my feet run in His ways dom come. Prayer is not only a key; Let my eyes see Jesus only. Let my lips it is an altar flame and a cloud of in- speak forth His praise cense rising heavenward. This candle All for Jesus, all for Jesus, all f'Or Jesus, all for Jesus Let my feet run in His ways, Let my lips speak forth His praise.

is the seal of your stewardship of JESUS THE LIGHT OF THE WORLD intercession, guard it with zealous (Sing one stanza after each Disciple care." (Gives her the candle.) lights his candle.) Choir with disciples sing: "We'll walk in the light" after which Evan- Hark the herald angels sing, Jesus the gelist lifts face heavenward and prays: Light of the wDrld.

"Our Lord, Thy sacrificial love has Gl'Ory t'O the new-born King, Jesus the moved us to bring to Thee our all. Light 'Of the w'Orld.

We believe thou hast accepted the We'll walk in the light, beautiful light gift and made us stewards of thy manifold grace. Help us to be faith- Come where the dewdrops of mercy are ful, that, through the constant en- bright Shine all around us by day and by night Jesus the Light of the world.

richment of personality, through the J 'Oyful all ye nations rise, Jesus the Light unselfish administration of wealth and of the w'Orld time, through joyful and creative labor through unceasing intercession, Join the triumphs of the skies, Jesus the Light 'Of the world.

thY' Name may be glorified and thy Christ by highest heaven adored. Jesus righteous Kingdom may fully come. the Light 'Of the w'Orld Amen." Christ the everlasting Lord, .Jesus the (As E van gel i s t concludEs the Light of the world.

prayer, all turn slightly toward the Hail the heaven-born Prince 'Of Peace, cross and join the choir in singing. Jesus the Light of the w'Orld. "All for Jesus, all for Jesus.") Hail the Sun 'Of Righteousness, Jesus the At the close of this, while the group Light 'Of the world.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York Council 01 Women lor Home Missions FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions 01 North America PROMOTING WORLD PEAQE program meetings. This list is 5 cents. One of the methods for interesting A TRIP TO ALASKA people in World Peace is the small Books are keys to wisdom's treasure; stamp picturing a white dove hover- Books are gates to lands of pleasure; Books are paths that upward lead; ing in a blue sky over the earth, to be Books are friends. Come, let us read.

used on personal and official corre- If you cannot go in physical person to "The Great Country," let your mind spondence in the same way as the Red and spirit be refreshed and invigor- ated by reading the three breezy, Cross seals and World Day of Prayer graphic books by Mary Lee Davis that most delightfully take you there and seals. These W.arld Peace stamps are let you see the land and the people, and feel the general atmosphere. They 1 cent each and may be are full of interesting information charmingly presented and authenti- Ig procured from any wom- cally accurate. They ,should be read . en's denominatio'nal board in the following order; . or from the Council of . Women for Home Mis- "Uncle Sam's Attic."t About the land. : ~C 416 pages; 53 illustrations; $3.50. sions in sheets of 25 or "Alaska, the Great Bear's Cub."t 100. They have been About the wild life; 314 pages; 27 illus- gotten out by the Coun- trations; $2.00.

cil and that organization "We Are Alaskans."! About the peo- ple. Ready in July. will place the proceeds in the Eva The announcement t r u I y says; Clark Waid Memorial Fund for World "Here is an all Alaskan tour, person- ally conducted by an Alaskan 'Sour- Peace. dough' !

Besides the book, "The Turn To- "Alaska is not a fish pond but a colony -of Americans shaping with ward Peace," by Mr,s. Boeckel, spoken their bare hands a new empire over- seas for Uncle Sam. Alaska is not an about elsewhere in this BULLETIN, ice-land but a green-land-and not a land of cold and gold so much as a the r e is the printed program,* land of wheat and heat! This is the new dramatic picture drawn by Mary "Blessed Are the Peacemakers," pre- Lee Davis in telling of her own eight intimate years aloft in Uncle Sam's pared by the Federation and Council, Attic. Drawn to the High North by a love of great adventure, she has here in distribution of which the National drawn the High North as a land of great beauty-watomly, in pers-on, and Council of Federated Church Women with deep affection and understand- ing." also shares. This program takes an hour and a half and is suitable for a women's society, young people's group, or any denominational or interdenomi- national group interested in interna- tional relations. It is priced at 2 cents, $1.75 per 100 and is procurable from any women's denominational headquarters.

There is also the mimeographed, carefully selected bibliography and list of study coursest including short discussion courses (some in the form of questions and answers) suitable for •Appeared in Reptember. 1930, issue. t By ~lary L{)e Dayis. PulJlishNl h;y ,,~. A. tAppeared In February, 1931, Issue. Wilde Co., Boston.

455

MISSIONARY EDUCATION course offers suggestions for use of the report of the North American Home Missions Home Missions Congress, and a lim- ited number of other sources that will The home mi·ssion study program be valuable for reference in a study for 1931-32 includes two most inter- of the whole home mission enterprise. esting themes: "The Call to the Themes for devotional periods and Churches from the North American guides for discussion are included. Home Missions Congress" for adults and older young people; "Christianity God and the. Census,' by Robert N. and Rural Life in America" for In- McLean of the Board of National Mistermediates and children. sions, Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.; author of That Mexican, Jump- In preparation for the North Ameri- ing Beans, etc. In this interesting can Home Missions Congress which book Dr. McLean tells how the home met at Washington in December, 1930, missionaries for more than a century commissions were appointed which un- have been working at great cost in an dertook thoroughgoing studies of effort to make sure that God was beevery phase of home missions. The ing counted in the life of every dediscussions and findings of the con- veloping community on our advancing gress based on these studies have frontiers. The book is rich in stories brought before the churches a new of daring men and women who have outlook and a new challenge in regard been pioneers of the Gospel in every to the Christian task in America. part of America and in new and dif- ficult areas of our national life today. It has been the purpose of the au- In concrete terms Dr. McLean has thors treating this subject to bring shown what the home mission enterout some of the practical, outstanding prise has come to be and the many i·ssues which the congress faced in a phases of its task as revealed by the frank study of conditions in our coun- Washington Congress. try. Leader's Manual to Accompany God The home mission publications are and the Census: by Sue Weddell, Exprepared and published jointly by the ecutive Secretary, Young Women's Council of Women for Home Missions Department, Reformed Church in and the Missionary Education Move- America. This pamphlet presents ment. practical and interesting plans for ac- tivities in study, discussion, and serv- ADULTS AND YOUNG PEOPLE ice which will combine to make a well- rounded course on home missions. The Challenge of Change: What Is Happening in Home Missions,' by John MIGRANTS; PEACE Milton Moore, from 1926 to 1931 General Secretary of the Federal Council Roving with the Migrants: by Adela of the Churches of Christ in America; J. Ballard, Western Supervisor of Miauthor of Things that Matter Most. grant Work, Council of Women for Dr. Moore, who has had long experi- Home Missions. A short reading book ence in the pastorate, in home mis·sion which pictures the migrating procesadministration and in the cooperative sion roaming over the states, harvestagencies of the churches, has given in ing the crops and working in other this book a fresh and comprehensive seasonal labor fields. The presence of interpretation of the home mission these people is in many places the enterprise as it was reappraised and major home mission responsibility. restated at Washington. The Turn Toward Peace; by Flor- Leader's Manual to Accompany the ence Brewer Boeckel, Educational Sec- Challenge of Change,' by Arthur V. retary, National Council for the Pre- Casselman, Secretary for Missionary vention of War, author of Between Education, Reformed Church in the War and Peace, etc. A book for read- United States. While based primarily upon the book by Dr. Moore, this

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

ing or for study by groups wishing test in their lives." The rural life of another topic in addition to the themes the world represents one of the of the year. A short and interesting greatest unoccupied opportunities for statement of the problems of world Christian missions. It presents a tre- peace by one of America's leading au- mendously challenging and vitally in- thorities. Written especially for use teresting study for Christian people by church groups and has been en- everywhere. "Not since Jesus Christ thusiastically received. There is a taught his first disciples to pray 'Thy Leader's Manual.' Kingdom come, thy will be done,' has Foreign Missions there been such an hour to voice and to help give answer to the prayer for The themes are "Christianity and a holy earth."

the Rural Life of the World" and Central Committee on the United "Korea." Study of Foreign Missions and the "The one inclusive purpose of the Missionary Education Movement have missionary enterprise is to present together worked out the program on Jesus Christ to men and women the the rural theme, each group being world over as their Redeemer and to responsible for the publication of spe- win them for entrance into the joy cific books. A complete program cov- of His discipleship …… We desire to ering all age groups is therefore bring home emphatically the neces- presented.

sity of a comprehensive program for ADULTS AND YOUNG PEOPLE those larger sections of the population …… who labor for mankind in field Christ Comes to the Village: edited and factory and who are without many by Mary SchaufHer Platt, author of of the conditions necessary for that The Child in the Midst and A Straight abundant life which our God and Fa- Way Toward Tomorrow. A study of ther desires for all His children."* the rural life of women and children This pronouncement of the Jeru-sa- in non-Christian lands. The different lem Conference has led to the careful chapters have been written by such consideration of the rural problems well-known author-s as Eleanor T. Calof the world by the Christian forces verley, M.D. (Arabia), Mabel Ruth and to the selection of this theme for Nowlin (China), Alice B. Van Doren the foreign mission study this year. (India), E. Stanley Jones, D.D. (In- Secular books, magazines, papers are dia). A fascinating study of the way full of consideration of rural prob- Christ is touching the life of village lems from every angle. Rural surveys women and bringing to them "full- are being made. Programs are being ness of life." Written especially for worked out for rural education, for women and young women for study, better health, for improved methods, for programs, for reading.t etc. The whole world is interested in The Rural Billion; by Charles M.

these village folk, a billion strong, McConnell, Professor of Town and who feed and clothe the whole world. Country Church, Boston University The church of Jesus Christ is vitally School of Theology and Newton The- interested in bringing His message of ological Institution. Of the world's fullness of life to the women as they total population of nearly two billion, gather at the village well, to the men more than one half are living on farms as they plow the fields, to the children and in villages. What are the condi- as they help to reap the harvests. tions of rural life today throughout Christ spent most of His earthly life the world and what are the churches in the villages, in the fields; "His re- and their missions doing to extend ligion you can take right among the and enrich Christian service among people of the earth and put it to the the rural peoples? Mr. McConnell has * Vul. VI. Missions and Rural Problems. t Published by Central Committee.

had long experience as a rural min- eral theme of Christian missions ister and teacher of rural church prob- among rural peoples. lems, and for a year he has served in Japan, Korea and China as advisor KOREA regarding the Christian mission program among rural peoples of the Ori- Korea is predominantly an agriculent. He has written a unique, stimu- tural country, her population is 80% lating book which brings together the rural. Therefore the study of Korea stories of men and women the world becomes a logical part of the rural over who are preaching and teaching program. Few books have been writthe Gospel as they help to remake ten of the thrilling development of rural life. Christianity in Korea; this new book is received with deep interest. Leade,r's Manual for Adult Groups Studying Christianity and the Rural Korea: Land of the Dawn,' by Life of the World,' by Ralph S. Adams, James D. Van Buskirk, M.D., Vicemember of the staff, Interseminary President, Severence Union Medical Commission for Training for the College, Seoul. A new and long-needed Rural Ministry in New England. Pri- book on a country which illustrates marily based on The Rural BiUion. better than any other country in the Mr. Adams has had long experience in world, perhaps, how Christianity is dealing with the problems of rural approaching a people living under pre- Christianity' and in teaching the sub- dominantly rural conditions. Dr. Van ject in the churches. His course sug- Buskirk has had many years of exgests practical methods and cites perience not only as a physician but helpful source material. as an outstanding leader in the Chris- tian movement. His book presents Agricultural Missions: by Benjamin vividly the backgrounds of contem- H. Hunnicutt, School of Agriculture, porary Korean life and interprets the Lavras, Brazil. A reading book by a Christian task among the Korean peopioneer in the field of agricultural ple to the North American churches. mISSIOns. The first comprehensive treatment of this comparatively recent For Children a.nd Youth phase of Christian missions. As a founder of the International Associa- The theme is "Christianity and tion of Agricultural Missions Mr. Rural Life Around the World." Ow- Hunnicutt has had a wide acquaintance ing to the very close interrelation beamong leaders of the movement in tween the home and foreign materials many countries and commands, as do for children and youth these publicafew men in the world, a knowledge of tions are here grouped in one section. conditions among rural peoples and The home mission books deal with the what Christian agencies have been do- work of Christian missions in rural ing to show the farmer a better way America; the foreign books with simof life and of work. ilar work in the Orient, Africa and Latin America.

A Young People's Course on Chris- INTERMEDIATE tianity and the Rural Life. of the World,' by Roy E. Burt, Secretary for Treasures in the Earth,' by Fred Epworth League and Young People's Hamlin, journalist and traveler. In- Work, Department of Missionary Edu- teresting stories about Christian leadcation, Methodist Episcopal Church. ers, both missionaries and nationals, Based primarily upon The Rural Bil- who have helped the rural peoples of lion, this course suggests methods, the Orient, Africa and Latin America discussion topics, reference materials, in improving conditions of their lands activities, and accompanying devo- and villages and who at the same time tional programs for young people's have brought them the Christian Gosclasses and societies studying the gen- pel.

The Church and the World's Farm- prises, comprise a very important part ers,' by Mary Jenness, author of Out of this course. of YesterdQ,y Into Tomorrow, Meet Your United States, etc. For leaders Out in the Country; by Hazel V. of intermediate groups studying Orton, Secretary of Elementary Work, Christianity and the rural life of the Missionary Education Movement. A world. Suggestions for six sessions, Friendship Press text on rural life in including topics and questions for dis- America. Stories dealing with some cussion, activities, devotional pro- of the problems of farm children. grams, and background material for Possible teaching procedures containthe leader. ing background material,' suggested activities and enterprises, will be help- The Adventures of Mr. Friend; by ful to the leader. The material and Harold B. Hunting, author of Pioneers activities forming the basis for this of Goodwin, Stories of Brotherhood, course were used with a group of The Story of Our Bible, etc. Short, country children who met in a farmengaging stories all based on the work house every day for a week in the of real persons who through the middle of winter. church and its allied agencies have brought happiness and larger oppor- PRIMARY tunities into the lives of country boys and girls an.d their families through- The World on a Farm: by Gertrude out America. Chandler Warner, author of The World in a Barn, Windows Into Alas- A Short Course for Leaders of In- ka, etc. A runaway pig and a swimte'fmediate Gmups studying Christi- ming race, together with delightful anity and rural life in America is be- experiences in world friendship, coming planned, detailed announcement plete the adventures of the Friendly to be made later. Farmers at Pleasant Valley Farm. A charming story book. Illustrations JUNIOR children will love. Attractively bound. Contains part of the stories used in Open Windows,' by Mary Entwistle, The Friendly Farmers and several adauthor of Children of the Chief, etc. ditional stories. Delightful stories by the well-loved English writer. Through Open Win- The Friendly Farmers; by Gertrude dows which look out into the world we Chandler Warner, teacher and author, see boys and girls in India, China, and Elizabeth Harris, Associate Pro- Equatorial Africa, Egypt, Afghan- fessor of Elementary Religious Eduistan, Japan and Borneo. Stories of cation, Boston University; formerly their lives and adventures are told so Secretary of Elementary Work, Misvividly that it is not hard to feel that sionary Education Movement. we really see them through Open Stories tell of Janet, Polly, and Ted Windows. * at Pleasant Valley Farm as they be- came friends with some other farmers Wheat Magic; by Marguerite Har- of the world. Possible teaching promon Bro, formerly a missionary in cedures containing background ma- China, Ruth E. Murphy, Director of terial and suggested activities make Religious Education, First Presbyte- this course book invaluable for the rian Church, Englewood, N. J., Adah leader. For use by both horne and Kieffer, specialist in Missionary Edu- foreign groups. cation, and associates. A Friendship Press text on rural life in other lands. BEGINNERS Contains stories of farm life in various countries. Practical suggestions Babo:' A South Seas Boy, by May to leaders, such as background ma- Pateman. The most recent addition terial, suggested activities and enter- to the very popular "Nursery Series." The other titles are Ah Fu: a Chinese … llultlished by Central CUlllmittee.

River Boy; Kembo: a Little Girl of Teaching Pictures, the first of a new Africa; The Three Came.ls: a Story series of pictures selected to accomof India; Esa: a Little Boy of Naza- pany the course books. A.set of eight reth; Mitsu: a Little Girl of Japan.' pic,tures averaging nine by twelve inches. MAPS AND PICTURES Friendship Paper DoUs.' Like real Picture Map of the World.' An- children of Korea, China, Japan and other of the Picture Map series. In India. Four dolls, eight inches high, outline form to be completed by the in three colors, with a change of coschildren. tume for each.

Farmers in Many Lands.' A picture 1 Cloth $1.00; paper 60 cents. ~ Cloth 75 cents; paper 50 cents. sheet folder containing twelve pages • Cloth $1.00; paper 75 cents. of pictures on farm life around the • Cloth $1.00. world. Invaluable for use with the li Paper 50 cents. course books. 6 Paper 35 cents, 7 Boards 50 cents each. Rural Life Amund the World.' s Paper 25 cents. I Paper 20 cents.

RELIGIOUS MEMBERSHIP OF THE WORLD Prom 'l'he 'World Almmwo, 1031 North I South I I!I Total America America I Europe I Asia. Africa: oceania, – – – I —(J-h,-r-is-t-ia-n-s– I- – – – – 1—–;—- —- Roman Catholics …….. 40,000,00061,000,0001220,000,0001 7,000,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 331,500,000 Orthodox O'atholic8 .. _.. 1,000,000 . ," ……. ! 120,000,000 20,000,000 3,000,000, ………. : 144:,000,000 Protestants ………….. _~, 000,000 900,0001_1_15_,_000_,0_00 _ _347_,'_000_000_,' 000000- 83 "0000000,'000001,' 76,,000 ,'000000 200, 9OIJ, 000 Total Christians …. 116,000,000 61,900,0001455,000,000 500 682,400,000 Non-Ohristians , !

Jews ……………. …… 4,000,0001 l00,OOO! 10,000,000: 1,000,000 500,000 80,000 15,630,000 Mohammedans …. _….. 20,000 ………. : 5,000,000 160,000,000 44,000,000 .. _…. __ 200,000,000 &ygg~!st~.. :::::::::.:. :::: i~::l&:I1::::::::: :[1::::::::::::11 ……… ~~g'~':l" 352~:'OOOOOO:,000000 ·1 ………. 1 150,180,000 2W,I50, 000 SChoinnftuocisiatsnis.t.s.,..'r.o..o.i.s.t.o.."……..6.0.0.'0..0.0 …………."……………"……….. " '.':.:.:.:. '.':.:••: '.':. :.1:..: .:.::.:.:.:..: :.1 350,000,000 20,000,000 Animists ……………. 50,000 ………. ………… 45,000,000 1)0,500,000 IGQ,()()o.1 1:35,650,000 Miscellaneous ….. ……. 25,000,000 2,000,000 5,000,000 18,000,000 ………… 1 870,0001 50,870,000 ——- —-1— Total Non Christian. _ 30,000,0001~()(),OOOI 20,000,000' 979,000,000 135,OOO,000:-.!:~~,OOO, 1,167,100,000 Grand Total ……… 146,000,000164,000,0001 475,000,000 1,013,000,000 143,000,000 8,000,00011,849,500,000 1 1 PRAYER FOR SPIRITUAL UNION Arouse in the whole body of the people an adventurous willingness, as they War has failed to end war; diplomacy sacrificed greatly for war, so, also, for has failed to end war; only ties of the international goodwill, to dare bravely, spirit infallibly unite; therefore we think wisely, decide resolutely and to pray for the divine alliance of nations, achieve triumphantly. Amen. for the spiritual union of mankind. -Harry Emerson Fosdick. Eternal God, Father of all souls, grant unto us such clear vision of the sin of TWELVE THINGS TO REMEMBER war, that we may earnestly seek that cooperation between nations which alone 1. The value of time. can make war impossible. As man by his 2. The pleasure of working. inventions has made the whole world into 3. The dignity of simplicity. one neighborhood, grant that he may, by 4. The success of perseverance. his cooperations, make the whole world 5. The worth of character. into one brotherhood. Help us to break 6. The power of kindness. down all race prejudice, stay the greed 7. The influence of example. of those who profit by war, and the am- 8, The obligation of duty. bitions of those who seek an imperialistic 9. The wisdom of economy. conquest, drenched in blood. Guide all 10. The virtue of patience. statesmen to seek a just basis for inter- 11. The improvement of talent. national action in the interests of Peace. 12. The joy of originating.

-Mar8hall Field.

DItto-WIDE

AFRICA The noi,se and the clattering, the clink- ing and the howling, suddenly ceased. Ethiopia Sends a Bible to America "Immediately I stepped out and ABible, covered with gold and silver, asked for one of the clattering gourds. and an elaborately fashioned cross, both of native craftsmanship, "Then picking up another one I have been sent by the emperor of handed them to my boy with an ex- Ethiopia to the Washington Cathedral. clamation of surprise that they should The Abyssinian ruler, who claims de- put them to such a use. The tinkling scent from Solomon, sends these as a bells then came off the poor man's leg thank offering for prayers at the ca- and were handed over as a sort of thedral at the time of his ooronation. trophy in our war to save these poor The Bible is in Amharic, court lan- people from their witchcraft. Then guage of Ethiopia. The text is hand came a cow's tail, securely fastened lettered in t:ed and black, on white to a strip of cowhide, which is supvellum, with illuminations in brilliant posed to be efficacious in drawing out colors at the beginning of each Gospel, disease. I was also permitted to take after the style of medireval manu- the 'king' ?f all the charms, hung scripts. The two gifts were forwarded about the slCk man's neck and comfrom Addis Ababa by the American posed of various odd coins and shells, Minister.-The Living Churck. supposed to possess great power in appeasing the spirit Jok. It was be- Witchcraft lieved that this superstitious practice would save the man from death by FRED LASSE, of the Africa Inland bronchial pneumonia." Mission, relates the following ex· perience of intimate contact with Modern Apostles witchcraft: WHEN a number of native evan- "One evening, as I was returning gelists in the Cameroun returned from a trip to the villages, I heard from a vacation, they were asked to strange sounds coming from an en- relate what they had done while away. closure just ahead. I asked my boys Here are a few of the replies: what it was about and they said it "I found a lame woman covered with was the song of Jok, the great evil spirit that they worship. We turned boils, just like Job. 1 helped her all 1 down the lantern and crept up to the house. on tiptoe, entering unobserved, could. 1 cut posts in the forest so the and lIstened to the fiendish music as work of building our new chapel could it rose and fell, accompanied by the rattle of dried gourd shells filled with gO"oInhefalpsetdero. ldIwvoimsietendbsyicckarpreyoinplge.w" ater beans, and the tinkling of rudely for them, and cutting firewood in the for- est and bringing it to them. I helped ;so~m~~en!!oildghtmebne to cut their gardens so cleared before the rains shaped bells tied on the legs of the "I bought twenty-five long nails to hold man for whom they were praying. down the split-log seats we are mak- "As I stood in the dim light of the itnhegmfotrootuhrenetewacchhearp. el Iscahlosool, haenldpegdavtoe fire smouldering in the center of the make thatch and put it on the roof of hut, a boy SUddenly said in a hoarse the chapel. I helped the teacher with fear-laden whisper, 'Bwana! Bwana!' hi~, meetings all dll;y ~nd in his work." (The White Man.1 The Wh1·te man.I) schoTohl,eyso wI ehreelpebdUIilndmthge wa ornke.w I cfhoaupnedl 461

an old widow and helped her with work, Every Sunday an average of 113,820 people gather to hear the Word of so she would know that we Christians God at the preaching services. help .with hands aud not only mouths."

"I 'helped a cripple. His roof was bad and leaky. I helped get leaves for 'mals'

Ithatch] from the raffia swamp and Good Roads and Missions T helped make roof-thatch for his house." HE opening of motor roads is "Each day I called together the people bringing about great changes in of my town and told them the things of God." . the Belgian Congo. Whereas only a few years ago, home-going mission- Out of Their Poverty aries had most difficult journeys, T HROUGHOUT the year that is through dense fvrests and often tak- past, 74,250 worshippers of Christ ing weeks to accomplish, the same in Cameroun opened their treasuries journeys can now be made in a few and presented unto Him gifts. In gold days. These roads also present tre- these amounted to $25,779, but trans- mendous opportunities. for evangel- lated into the terms of the jungle ism. The Government is gradually . they are: compelling the natives to leave the One egg ………………. $0.01 interior of the forest, and to build Seven ears of corn ………. .01 new villages along motor routes. Thus, not only can they be more easily Seven kank ……………. .01 supervised, but each village is respon- sible for the maintenance of a certain Pound of peanuts … . . . . . . . . .05 Two sugar .cane ………… .01 Bunch of bananas ………. .15 Bunch of platain ……….. .20 part of the road. Many chiefs have Chicken……………….. .80 constructed motor roads from their One goat ……………… 3.00 villages to the main roads, and many mission stations are connected in the An average day laborer receives same manner. Itinerating and week- $1.50 per month, while the highest end visits to outstations is made pospaid teacher receives $8.00 a month.

sible. Bicycles are in common use, A Century in West Africa and motor t rucks greatly facilitate the NOVEMBER 9, 1831, the Executive transportation of goods. Committee of the Western Foreign Mission Society, (the forerunner A Supl'eme Achievement A of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign T LUKUNGA, in the Congo, the recently completed church is a Missions, U. S. A.) approved of establishing a mission in Africa. In monument to the native Christians'

January, 1833, the first foreign mis- industry, and their interest in God's sionary of the church sailed for Li- work. Since the founding of the mis- beria. Later this mission was turned sion, meetings had been held in the over to the Methodists and a new open, but in 1927, a group of Chris- work was taken over from the Ameri- tians asked permission to erect, on can Board in French Gaboon, and mission property, a building for wor- was later transferred to French Prot- ship which would protect from the estants. In 1892, after years of sun's heat. The size of the building hardship, opposition, sacrifice and dis- needed, help in making plans, ma- couragement, a new mission was terials required and supervision of opened in Cameroun, West Africa, in. construction were serious problems.

entirely untouched territory filled with Rev. F. G. Leasure, of the A. B. F.

ignorant and degraded savages. To- M. S., visited Lukunga in 1927 and day this m1SSlon reports ninety drew a plan for the building. The American Presbyterian missionaries natives had then made 20,000 bricks with over 1,500 African Christian and had Frs. 12,000 in their treasury.

teachers and preachers, more than 30,- The following year was spent in mak- 000 communicant church members and ing brick and colIecting material for 31,000 children in mission schools. foundations. The sawing of timber

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK 46~

was divided among the villages. In classes of readers are represented: stu- 1929 the walls were erected, teachers dents of secondary schools, university and children spending free hours in students, officers, teachers, etc. carrying mortar and brick. The roof was added in 1930 and the church is Good Turkish literature in the new now complete. characters is one of the needs which the American Board would like to sup- T,o make 30,000 bricks by hand, cut ply in much larger measure, for an and plane all the timbers by hand, unquenchable thirst for reading is carryall materials on their heads or being created on a far wider scale backs for a church 39 feet by 52 feet than ever before.-MissionaTY Herald. means heroism. In four years 19,000 headloads of rock, mortar, bricks, tim- Changing Persia ber, cement, lime, galvanized iron and hardware, have been carried for dis- THE Persia of ten, or even of five, tances varying from 300 yards to three years ago, no longer exists, says days away (three days going and Miss E. N. Aidin, a C. M. S. missionthree returning). Not even a wheel- ary. The construction of roads has barrow was used. The work has had brought far-off villages into close cona vital part in their spiritual life and tact with the central Government in has provided much in the way of Teheran. The country has been flooded training for young and old who have with gramophones, and picture theahad a part in it.-Congo Mission ters are appearing everywhere. Islam News. is rapidly losing its hold in the larger towns and a new national conscious- WESTERN ASIA ness is all that is offered to take its place. The situation is full of both What Turks Are Reading dangers and possibilities, and as the mis·sionaries watch these changes they THE amazing exchange of the Ara- feel that the situation presents a mag- bic alphabet, used by Turkey for nificent challenge to go up and possess hundreds of years, to a romanized the land in the name of Christ. alphabet has in the two years so greatly simplified the task of learning Request for a Christian Doctor to read Turkish that many formerly illiterate are now no longer so. AMERCHANT prince of Per,sia, Haji Moeen-e-Tojar el Bouchiri The awakened interest in reading of Teheran, known far and wide as has led one of the leading dailies of an upright man and given to good Istanbul, the Vakit (Time), to make works, a ,sincere and devout Moslem, a study of the question, "What are has made an offer to the Presbyterian we reading?" A special writer ex- Mission in Persia to support, at his amined a few reading rooms and li- own expense, a Christian doctor in braries in the city and the results of Najaf, one of the "Holy Cities" of his observations were published. Islam in Mesopotamia. This merchant prince has supplied water to the city Of the reading room, which for of Najaf-free to all who come and several years has been one of the get it with their own jugs and for projects of the American Board, he one-half anna per skinful to profeswrote: sional water sellers-and the receipts from its sale amount to about 1,500 The American Reading Room today tomans (about $1,300) a month. He ranks second among all the Istanbul li- has conceived the idea of using the braries in point of daily average attend- receipts to pay for the support of a ance. Since it is one of the poorest in- small hospital and has asked that a stitutions in the number of books in the Christian doctor be found to take library, we found it necessary to discover charge of it.-Presbyterian Advance. the reason for the extraordinary use made of it. The books for the most part relate to modern literature, science, art, travel, history, fiction, etc. . The average daily attendance is 525. All

INDIA, BURMA, SIAM teamwork which should mean great things in days to come. We have Baptism of (laste Hindus been allowed to witness things for which decades of missionaries in this AMASS movement towards Chris- place have longed and prayed and tianity is developing among the WQrked.-W. E. S. Holland, in John's Bhils, an aboriginal tribe found in College. Western India. There is every hope that the whole of the Bhil community An All-India Women's College in this area will become Christian if the work among them can be de- T ADY IRWIN, the wife of the reveloped. L tiring vicerQY, was acting presi- On October 31, last year, eighty-six Bhil men, women, and children were dent of the All-India Women's Educabaptized in the C. M. S. Mission in tiQn Fund Association, which has been Western India. Never before in that considering the advisability .of estabmission had a group of caste Hindus lishing a central college for women at been received into the Church. The Agra. This will require thirteen lakhs baptisms took place in the River God- of rupees-abGut $450,000–a part of avari, at a spot where for centuries which has already been subscribed. millions of Hindu pilgrims had bathed It is proposed not toO duplicate fQreign to be ceremonially cleansed from their institutions of learning, but to offer sins. The -baptismal service lasted in this college the branches most esnearly two hours, and then the con- sential toO Indian women in their own verts marched in procession back to special sphere of life. One of the the village, and as they passed their principle branches suggested is Indian (lId Hindu temples they raised the Home Science, including sanitation, shout: "Christ Maharai ki iai" (Vic- health, cooking and care .of children. tory to Christ). Let us hope it will include lectures .on morals, ethic,s, sex relations, indus- Gospel Team at Agra College trial justice and sQcial service.

THE visit of the Burmese Gospel Disturbance in Burma Team to the College at Agra has opened a new chapter in our college FOR some months there has been a history. Throughout my thirty years serious uprising .of bandits, or dain India I have never yet witnessed coits, in the districts in Burma in such a manifest working of the Spirit which American Baptist mission staof ~d. Out of 420 stUdents, 100 are tions are lQcated. Tharrawaddy and Moslems and 220 are Hindus. The ThQnze, with lesser outbreaks in the Burmans gave both Christians and vicinity .of Pyapon, Pyinmana, HennGnChristians, .only one – eighth is zada, and ToungQo. These disturb- Christian by name, an entirely new ances have been the result .of the invision of what free, joyous, natural tense NatiQnalism and general unrest Christian devotion means, and .of prevalent in the East; in part, .of the what it is to be living in a Chris- general lawlessness in that sectiQn of tian fellowship. Every day since they Burma; and, in part, .of the eCQnQmic left, something fresh, something defi- pressure caused by general hard times nite, has happened. Many nonChris- and the slump in the price .of rice. tian students are coming privately to One British official has been killed, ask how they may knGw Jesus Christ several Karen Christian villages have for themselves. AmGng our Christian been wiped out, and many Burmans students there has been formed a and Karens have been killed· by the group of six .or seven who have bandits. The Burma Rifles, composed stepped Gut into quite a new life of principally .of Karen and Kachin ,sol- diers, have been sent to Tharrawaddy. Christian liberty and fellowship and and have taken a large part in the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

capture of the leaders and the quell- the Karen. The villagers, in token of ing of the disturbance. appreciation, contributed towards our This uprising of bandits, involving Gospel Team funds Rs. 194, besides the destruction of one or two village entertaining all to the very best of churches, has made it difficult for mis- their ability. Sixteen young people sionaries to tour in the Tharrawaddy of the Insein church had their first and Thonze district. Gospel Team experience and it put new life into them and their Christian BurDla for Christ MoveDlent Endeavor. These young people are mostly clerks and business people. A NEW Forward Evangelistic Move- The greatest results were in the ment has been endorsed by the things not seen, renewed prayer life, Burma Baptist Missionary Conven- deepened consecration, fresh vision of tion. The Christian Council Evan- reality and an increased passion for gelistic Committee plans to make this winning others. Whenever the cama movement for a deepening of the paigns themselves are real spiritual spiritual life of all Christians, and events, then some people say that the through them of the churches. To greatest results are to be found in the accomplish this all must have a new campaigners themselves. – Saw Chit realization of what Christ means to Maung, in the News (Rangoon). them personally, and what Chris- tianity means to Burma. The Christian Council Evangelistic Committee Church for Lepers Dedicated A is planning special literature in Bur- FINE new church was dedicated on December 28th at the Moulmese and Karen and other languages. In spite of, or may be because of, mein Leper Home, Lower Burma.

rebellion, dacoities and hard times "It was very impressive to see the Burmans are especially susceptible to Lepers, more than 100 out of 110 in- the Gospel at present, but they will mates in the home with their new not become Christians until the Bur- clothing given them at Christmas man and Karen and other Christians time, in the body of the church, while are aroused to bring to them the the pulpit platform was crowded with blessings they themselves have re- friends; many others were sitting in ceived. motor buses because they could not get inside the church. Mr. J. J. An- Gospel Teallls in BurDla derson, a friend of the Lepers, pre- ONE hundred and eighty-eight, sided. seventeen of whom were mission- The Lepers themselves requested aries, formed themselves into seven- the privilege of having a part in the teen Gospel Teams for campaigns in service, and they sang in Telugu, Burfifty-three villages of Burma during mese and in English.

Christmas week. It was a real demon- It Was wonderful when one con- stration of what cooperation means in siders their condition, to hear them evangelism! If we can have enough sing: "Brighten the Corner Where of that kind of cooperation that they Y,ou Are"-to their fellow lepers.

had at Pentecost, we shall have in During the year they have been tak- Burma a Pentecost. For immediate re- ing offerings at their church service sults there were 436 public confessions and though they get only One Anna offaith in Jesus Christ. Nineteen were (2 cents) a day. Here is real sacri- baptized and many more will follow ficial giving and as a result for the later. <Among the participants were past year the Leper Church has made six high school teachers and twenty- contributions to the Mission Hospital, six students from school and college, Moulmein, whose doctors and nurses besides some Bible School girls. The have been caring for them; to the rest were from the seminaries, chiefly All-Burma Baptist Orphanage, Moul– 5

mein ; the MissiQn tQ the Blind 'Of "As it is the first time in the his- Burma; the MissiQn t'O Lepers in In- tQry 'Of China that educated men and dia; and alsQ tQ their new church WQmen have gone to live with and buiIding.-Wm. G. Evans. wQrk fGr the cDuntry people, we have arDused cDnsiderable comment among CHINA thDse who know 'Of 'Our WDrk. Even SDme educatDrs charge political mo- Captured Missionaries Released tives, but a steadily grDwing grGUp of -suppDrters believe that by identifying 1'HE Rev. Allie GQdfrey LindhQlm, 'Ourselves with the peDple, learning American Scandanavian Alliance their needs and the best ways 'Of meetmissiQnary 'Of Kalgan, whQ was cap- ing them, we are taking the essential tured by bandits last April and taken first steps fDr the recDnstructiQn 'Of tG the OrdGs district, was released a 'Our cDuntry. week later 'On the payment 'Of $2,500 Mexican (abGut $600) ranSQm. "While seeking tQ raise the stand- ards 'Of living.in rural districts, we The Rev. K. N. Tvedt, 'Of St. Paul, must aVQid the fatal errQr of assum- American Lutheran United MissiQn ing a patrDnizing! attitude tQwards missi'Onary 'Of KwangchDw, HDnan, the peDple, and secDnd, the danger, who had been held captive by Chinese as we say in Chinese, ''Of 'raising the CDmmunists since last October, was level of c'OnsumptiQn without raising released 'On April 19th 'On payment 'Of the level 'Of production.' We cannot, ranSQm. and would not if we could, lower 'Our standards tQ those of the backward The Rev. Bert NelsQn, 'Of Minne- villages and yet we want in every way apQlis, another Lutheran missiQnary possible to merge our life with the of Kwangshan, HDnan PrDvince, cap- village life, and avoid widening the turned last OctDber and detained at already existing gap between our- Hwangan with Mr. Tvedt, was held selves and the country people. A -sane fQr a ranSDm 'Of $10,000 Mexican sDlution to this problem is the key (abDut $2,400). He is repQrted tQ to the whDle reconstructiDn pr'Oject." have been released. The ten-year project is to be di- It is a rule that missions dQ nGt vided intD three units: Literacy and ranSQm their representatives, but the education; agriculture and eCDnomic rule was mGdified in the cases 'Of these reconstruction; and self-government missiQnaries at the request 'Of Ameri- and citizenship training. can 'Officials, as the tWQ men were being tortured. Threat to Close St. John's College Miss Esther NQrdlund, 'Of ChicagQ, ST. JOHN'S UNIVERSITY, EpisCG- Miss Augusta Nelson and Oscar An- pal college in Shanghai, has rederson, all of the Scandinavian Al- ceived an ultimatum frDm the gDvernliance MissiQn, were captured by ment 'Of Greater Shanghai (the CQmmunists at Kingchowfu, Hupeh Chinese city in which the missionary PrQvince, and were held fQr ranSGm school is situated) that it must combut Miss NelsQn and Miss NQrdlund plete its registration under the nawere repQrted released on April 23d. tional ministry 'Of education befDre September or it will not be permitted Uplifting the Masses to 'Open. This institution is the 'Only outstanding mission college in China A SIGNIFICANT educatiQnal move- that remains unregistered. Its stu- ment 'Of mQdern times is the 'One dents may nDt transfer to any regfQr mass educatiQn in China, made istered college or university and its possible by simplified methods of graduates do not receive government teaching. A recent development is an certificates with their diplomas. They intensive ten-year campaign fGr rural areas. Mr. James Yen, director of the mQvement, writes:

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

are therefore ineligible t'O take civil newcomer is taught to pray, and many service examinations or to receive ap- realize at once the powe'r of prayer. pointments to any institution under A large number marry, some have bethe control or supervision of the gov- come pastors' wives. Others remain ernment. A large proportion of its and enter the industrial department students have been sons of Shanghai and begin lives of financial independmerchants, wh'O enter their fathers' ence. business upon graduation. A Chinese General's Appeal The local authorities are now insisting that upon registration all re- GENERAL CHANG TSE-CHIANG, ligious activities upon the' campus a former ,subordinate of Marshal must cease. Other registered mission Feng Yu-hsiang, has been appointed colleges are prevented from requiring Commissioner for the Suppression of students to attend chapel and other Banditry and Communism in North services of worship, and from having Kiangsu. Recently, addressing a meetany required courses in religion. ing of over seven hundred persons in Yanchow, he pled with them to get It is reported that St. J.ohn's pro- rid of their prejudices and ignorance posed to the ministry that they be and to investigate Christianity sinpermitted to register under conditions cerely. He said that the Three Prinsimilar to those obtaining for mission ciples of Sun Yat-sen were intended schools in Japan,. namely, that they to make China a strong country, but have authority to require that every that 'Only Christianity could save her. student either attend Christian wor- He urged the Christians to witness ship or ethical lectures. Chinese edu- to the faith that was in them not cational authorities have admitted merely with their lips, but in consethat the serious weakness of their crated lives. present rules and regulations are that no provision is made for definite char- It is no small thing for such an acter-building activities in colleges important official to champion the and universities. Lord's cause so boldly in these days ·in China! But·it is an indication of For many months President Chiang a new turn of events in this land.- Kai-shek has been serving concurrently E. H. Foster. as acting minister of educati'On. His assumption of this portfoUo so soon Dr. T. T. Lew on the Bible after his conversion to Christianity naturally has caused a great deal of THE Bible is a living book in China. speculation. Dr. T. T. Lew, of Peking, address- ing the British and Foreign Bible So- "Door of Hope" ciety, said that Chinese authors use Bible terms freely and occasionally EACH year since its founding in use Biblical quotations as titles f'Or 1901, the "Door of Hope," a res- their writings. He expressed the cue home for women and girls in sentiment of Chinese Christians on Shanghai, has shown ,steady progress. the following three points: A children's home, sanitarium and preaching hall have been added, and (1) Chinese Christians are grateful in 1922 another work-the Children's for translations of the Bible; (2) Refuge, was opened, adding 65 more they accept the Bible as God's Word, to be cared for. At present, there are believing that it has more than lit- 240 in the Refuge and 116 in the erary value; and (3) they look for- Door of Hope. In the Sanitarium are ward to the day when Chinese Wy- 44 patients. To the Receiving Home cliffes, Tyndales and Luthers will give a day school is attached, with 75 boys the people versions peculiarly their in attendance. own.

Immediately upon arriving, the

JAPAN-CHOSEN ings and there were many decisions American Movies for Christ, or for a better Christian life. NINETY American residents of Tokyo appealed some months ago A Bible class in EngJi.sh was started to the United States Senate to control for the boys in the Government Midthe shipment of American films to J a- dle School in North Kyung Sung.- pan. Now the National Christian Coun- Korean Echoes.

cil of Japan-the body which coordi- The Printed Page nates the work of all the Protestant churches in the empire-has written ELEVEN thousand copies of the the Federal Council of Churches beg- Kingdom of God Newspaper have ging it to "take every step possible been used since its beginning. At the to prevent the continued influx of present time we are using 300 copies undesirable American films into J a- a week and have 232 paid subscrippan." The Japanese Council tells of tions. Holders have been placed in a visit by its social welfare commit- each of the fifty-eight barber shops in tee, composed entirely of Japanese, to Fukushima City and these papers the Tokyo police department, discuss- are being delivered to each shop by ing the destructive moral effects of members of the Barbers' Union who the movies in the Japanese capital. volunteered their services. Without The chief censor of the police, a non- exception the paper was welcomed in Christian, stated that their "greatest every shop and the results have justiproblem was with the films which fied the experiment which we hope to come from America. Many of these extend to hospitals, doctors' offices and films are highly detrimental to the other places where people have time morals of the Japanese." It is time to read while they wait.-Ira D. that the State Department is granted Crewdson.

power over such traffic.-The Chris- The Bible and a Shinto Priest tian Century. MR. ENDO, a Japanese Christian, who sells Bibles on the streets Revival in Pyengyang of Japan, recently approached a well ABOUT three hundred new believers dressed man to whom he quickly sold are reported attending the vari- an expensive copy. Surprised at theous churches in Pyengyang as a re- purchaser's readiness to buy, Mr.

sult of the recent revival meetings. Endo heard the following story: Immediately following the union meet- "I am the priest of the Shinto ings held in the College Auditorium, shrine here. Recently the young men's a series specially for students was con- and young women'.g associations de- ducted by the Asbury College Band, cided to call a speaker to address them three consecrated young graduates of on some helpful subjects. The Bud- Asbury College, California, with their dhist priest was first asked, but about former fellow-student, Mr. Robert two times finished him. The principal Chung, as interpreter. They carried of the high school, next invited, re- out a strenuous program in the high plied that he had nothing they would schools, the foreign school, college, care ror. Then they asked me. I was- and seminary, in addition to three nonplussed, but went for advice to a.

united meetings daily in the audito- relative of mine, a Christian. He sug- rium. Each evening, the large build- gested I read the Sermon on the- ing was packed with about five Mount and give them those teachings, thousand, mostly students and young not saying it was Christianity. He people, who listened with breathless gave me a portion containing those attention to strong, forceful presenta- words and I have since wished to have tions of the Gospel. Large numbers the complete Bible." – Woman's Mis- remained for prayer at the after meet- sionary Friend.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Christianity in Ohosen of security, knowing that medical skill may be had within a few hours when BUDDHISM has prevailed in Korea necessity arises. With this relief for hundreds of years. Chris- work is a system for sending religious tianity came less than fifty years ago. and general literature to isolated set- tiers; and a few itinerant preachers Of Korea's twenty millions, less now travel by airplane. – AustraUan than four in every hundred are affili- Christian World. ated with the Christian Church, and yet the head of the Department of Youth Movement in the Philippines Religions of the Government-general recently said that Christianity oper- THE Third Biennial Convention of ates 82 per cent of the church schools, the Philippine Christian youth 90 per cent of the Sunday Schools, 87 Monument, was h e I d recently in per cent of the places of religious Union Seminary building, Manila. worship, and enrolls 85 per cent of all The convention theme was "Highways the religious workers. to National Righteousness." Stand- ards of profound spiritual value were Christianity preserved and made set forth in a responsive reading enpopular the native Korean script titled "The Decalogue of Protestant which the old type scholars looked up- Youth." Three statements are, on as too easy for a learned man. "We accept Jesus as the Son of the Christianity brought to Korea the living God and as our personal Savfirst school for girls, and at, present iour"; maintains the- only college for girls. "We believe the Holy Bible to be Christianity established the first the inspired word of God and the modern school for boys in Korea. supreme authority for all Christians in matters of faith and life"; Christianity has made it possible for the women of Korea to be freed "We believe Christ is calling to from the prison of the inner yard youth t·o lead in the building of His of the home. kingdom in these islands."

Christianity is the leader in the Thirty-two years ago there was not fight against the evils of drink, social a Protestant church or Sunday School vice, intemperance! in the Islands. Today, there are 100,- 000 in the 1,000 Sunday Schools. In Christianity is the religion that spite of the fact that the Philippine does things !-Charles A. Sauer. Legislature only a few months ago decided that the time had not arrived ISLANDS OF THE PAOIFIO for the national prohibition of the cockpit with its open gambling, the Aerial Medical Service Protestant Youth Movement voted, "We will enter into an aggressive FOUNDED by the Presbyterian struggle against all vice, ignorance, Church of Australia in 1912 for social wrong, including political corthe white population scattered over ruption, usury, the exploitation of the lonely places of the continent, the the poor, intolerance, superstition, Australia Inland Mission has become cockfighting, gambling, cabarets, the one of the most practical religious social evil, the double standard of forces in the Australian frontiers. morality, and the use of intoxicating beverages." These same youths will Twelve nursing homes are main- be elected to the Legislature in a comtained and staffed by twenty-four paratively few years, and will then nurses. These have become religious make the laws in accord with present and social, as well as healing centers. resolutions of' the Christian Youth An aerial ambulance service is now Movement. in operation and each year about 50 major calls are made. Twelve sets of wireless instruments are in constant use to summon a doctor when telegraph or telephone is not available. Thus the bushmen have a new -sense

Changes in New Guinea after my first visit, I returned to the NEAR the f·ormer mission station village Bogadjim and visited the an- of Bogadjim, New Guinea, back cient Asa place. The old giant tree of a large native village named Born, was still there, but it was grown around with underbrush. The hut stands a great wild rubber tree, about that used to be there was destroyed. 150 feet high. It overtops all other A good road led close to the former trees and exceeds them greatly in the terrible place, and now men, women spread of its branches. As recently and children walk there without fear. as twenty~s.ve years ago, the inhabi- The place has lost its terrors. Near tants of the near-by villages regarded by is a well-kept, Christian cemetery this old tree as tabu, (sacred). The and the graves are well cared for. space under its branches was kept On all there are neat crosses, on clean, since it was the place where which are the names of those buried all festivals were celebrated connected there, and Bible verses. The Gospel with the Asa, the secret cult of the has been victorious! Papuans. If a woman or child had approached the place during a fes- "The ancient magic is gone for ever.

tival, they would have been put to In the villages of this region there death. This secret cult of the Pap- were only two people left who were uans was related to spirit belief and still heathen while all the rest have the worship of ancestors. become Christian. The younger gen- At festivals weird music was played eration knew nothing of the mystery on strange instruments, long bamboo of the giant tree monster and the rods, calabashes and rattles made of older men were ashamed. Whenever hard shells. As soon as the music a new grave is dug in the cemetery a was heard, all the village folk knew native pastor gives joyful testimony that Asa had come and they were kept of the living hope of Christians.

in fear and trembling as long as the "Hundreds of thousands of Papuans celebrations lasted. in New Guinea still live in awe of Under this tree the ceremonies con- such terrors as are connected with their ancient religion. They still nected with circumcision took place practice the horrors of that ancient when the boys of the village reached religion. The Gospel will help to free the age of manhood. For months the them from such terrors !"-A. Hoffdull sound of the tom-toms and the mann, in Mi88ionsnachrichten. other nerve racking music resounded.

Magic articles were kept and the ma- gicians practiced their dark arts NORTH AMERICA there. Many a raid on di·stant villages was planned and natives anx- The Christian Endeavor'. Jubilee iously strove to guard the secrets of pFTY years of Christian Endeavor the tree. .l' service and growth will be cele- The Asa cult has been the greatest brated July 11 to 16 in the Interna- obstacle to the Gospel. Great orgies tional Christian Endeavor Convention, led to most shameless acts. If a in San Franciseo, Calif. Exposition missionary tried to raise his voice Auditorium, seating 14.000 persons, against these pra.ctices he was si- has been secured for the main seslenced by fierce threats. Many an sions and in the ·same building are older missionary wondered in sorrow, fourteen other halls in which meetwhether the time would ever come, ings will be held to consider all phases when the power of darkness would be of young people's religious activities broken. and interests.

Now Rev. A. Hoffman of the Dutch Dr. Daniel A. Poling, president of Mission, writes: the International Society of Christian "In 1929, a quarter of a century Endeavor, will give the keynote ad-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

dress of the c'Onvention 'On Saturday Negro race in America is not far re- evening at the 'Opening sessi'On and moved from the centuries of their each n'O'On will speak over a nati'On- b'Ondage t'O pagan idolatry in Africa. wide network of radi'O stations. If his confidence in the white man and his religion is gone, he will drift Mrs. Francis E. Clark, wh'O joined rapidly from his faith. And when with Dr. Clark in f'Ounding the first the drift gains momentum, Negroes Christian Endeav'Or S'Ociety at Port- will turn upon their own Christian land, Maine, will be a guest speaker lealers as but imitators 'Of the "white in the San Francisc'O Conventi'On at man's" religion. It will then be tou some 'Of the main sessions and in the late tu talk about the "evangelizatiun junior c'Onvention of children under 'Of the Negr'Oes 'Of America." The thirteen. work Will be hard indeed.

Dr. William Hiram Foulkes, 'Of Secund, this drift fr'Om their Chris- Newark, New Jersey, vice-president tian faith comes from the leadership of the International S'Ociety 'Of Chris- 'Of those who have been· educated in tian Endeavor, will be another speak- large universities which are n'Ow sater and the music will be in charge urated with rationalism and with a of Homer R'Odeheaver and Percy S. pagan philosophy 'Of human life and F'Oster, America's f'Orem'Ost leaders 'Of human destiny. Pagan education in song, with a ch'Orus of 800 v'Oices. America is thus ruining the highest prospects 'Of the Negro in America President H'O'Over, who assisted in by setting him adrift and destroying 'Organizing a; Christian Endeavor S'O- the world objectives that were beciety in Oregon many years ago, may ginning to dawn bef'Ore him as an attend this c'Onvention in his h'Ome evangelical Christian people.-Charles state, provided his official responsi- T. Alexander. bilities make the trip possible. How Mormonism Grows N'Orth America counts 3,000,000 young people who are members of eeMORMONISM has become a dead Christian Endeavor Societies, and in issue," said one wh'O spent a addition the plans and activities of the youth of the churches at large few h'Ours in Salt Lake City. have frequently been guided by the "Mormonism is stronger and more objectives ad'Opted by Christian Endeavor. The 'Other c'Ontinents have a aggressive than ever," is another obt'Otal membership 'Of more than 1,000,- servation nearer the truth. Morm'Ons 000 young people, who are members puint with pride to a growth from 6 'Of the Society, making this the largest members in 1830 tu 600,000 in 1930. y'Oung pe'Ople's organizati'On in the By proselyting it keeps alive and world. It is significant that this grows, as well as by making family y'Outh movement for training and increase the greatest c'Ommand 'Of G'Od service is evangelically Christian. t'O man. It has usually about 2,100 emissaries 'Out fr'Om the Utah region, The Negro'. Religion t'O which number re'Organized M'Or- m'Onism adds perhaps 200 m'Ore. I N SOME places the American Mormons are knit t'Ogether by isola- Negr'O is drifting away fr'Om the ti'On, discipline, intermarriage and Christian religi'On. Many are bec'Om- cooperative interests. The organizaing Mohammedans. At present there ti'On is systematic. There is a duty are approximately 300,000 Moham- fur everyone. Visitation of the sick, medan Negroes in America. and relief 'Of the needy are carried 'On through well 'Organized agencies. He is breakin.g fr'Om the old moor- L'Oyalty to the church is fostered more ings of his hist'Oric Christian faith as effectively by a system 'Of thDr'Ough given him by evangelical people. It indDctrinati'On than thrDugh any 'Other took many centuries to free the He- single fact'Or. The meth'Od 'Of calling brew race from pagan idolatry. The

young men to serve the church at without fDOd. Sleeping in snowbanks their own expense, outside of the at night, he staved off severe frost home territory, for a period extend- bites. It was five days later that an ing over at least two years is un- Eskimo discovered him and took him paralleled. A force comprising about back to safety. 1,200 in the States and about 900 outside the States are continually work- This incident illustrates the dangers ing in the ir,terest of their cause. and the courage of those engaged in These missions are said to represent extending the KingdDm in the frozen an annual cost of two million dollars, north.-The Living Church. and the property is valued at two million more. Verm.ont Chnrch Union "Restoration Fund" AFEDERATION of churches in Vermont succeeded by close coop- THE United Presbyterian Foreign eratiDn between the officials .of the Board repDrts the success .of their three leading denDminatiDns, Baptist, "RestDration Fund," which makes it CDngregational and MethDd·ist, to propDssible for the Board to send back tD duce excellent results thrDugh nuthe field all .of the 20 missiDnaries WhD merDUS "exchanges .of fields" and had been retired from lack of funds, the cultivation .of fellowship amDng except thDse who were unable to re- these denDminations. A few years turn fDr one reason or another. Not ago leading laymen and ministers only is this return made possible, but gathered to hear the results of a support for these missiDnaries is guar- study of 15 years .of comity between anteed for five years. the Protestant denominations and to study every community in the state, Hardships in the Arctic where missiDnary money was spent. A motion was made by a Methodist SEVERE hardships were undergDne district superintendent, and adopted by the Rev. J. H. Webster, one of unanimously, that thDse present were the Church of England missionaries ready for organic union of the three among the Eskimos, WhD was lDst fDr denominatiDns. The effects of that almost a week in the CorDnatiDn Gulf meeting are still felt in the eliminaregiDn .of the Arctic. In weather that tion of cDmpetitiDn between the deranged from 30 to 40 degrees belDw nominations. zero, the missionary wandered, lost, until finally discovered by a native LATIN AMERICA Eskimo when he was nearly prostrated frDm starvation and exposure. For Baptist Work in Nica.ragna five days he had no fDDd; his dDgS had brDken lo.ose or had separated from MANAGUA, the capital of Nicarahim. He is recuperating at the gov- gua, recently destrDyed by an ernment radio station at Coronation earthquake, has bee n the head- Gulf, and is reported to be on the way quarters of the Baptist MissiDn in to recovery. Nicaragua since 1917. The Baptist church of two hundred and fifty mem- On January 24th, the missionary bers was led by an able Nicaraguan left Coronati.on Gulf, where he has a pastor, and the attendance at Sunday small church, tD visit scattered bands SChODl was over four hundred. There .of EskimDs in the sealing camps. was also a Baptist SChODl with an en- rDllment of about four hundred. The He missed the Eskimo camp and, Evelyn Briggs Cranska Memorial when his sled encountered particular- HDspital cDntained thirty beds. "Buildly rDugh ice on Sunday, his lead dog ings total lDSs; missionaries safe," broke IDose. He then set .out to catch was the message after the earthquake. the dog, but became lost. From then If the disaster had happened when until Thursday night he wandered the -school was in session, many chiI-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

dren would probably have lost their sions, at least 50,000 children and lives. young people are receiving regular in- struction in the hundreds of Sunday The American Baptist Home Mis- Schools and Young People's Societies sion Society and the Woman's Ameri- scattered over Cuba. The Roman can Baptist Home Mission Society are Catholic Church in c.onsequence has taking steps to rebnild the school been stimulated to more efficient methbuildings and the hospital, but the ods in religious and secular instrucinsurance will be far from sufficient tion. The archbishop went so far as to provide new earthquake proof to issue a public statement urging buildings. their people to read the Bible.- American Friend. A large part of the population of Managua has taken refuge 'in neigh- Revolution in Honduras boring towns and cities. It is hoped that the same thing will happen as r ATIN American countries, like the is recorded in the eighth chapter of the Acts: "They that were scattered L Balkan States of Europe, are in abroad went everywhere preaching the Word." The next advance step the political volcanic belt. The defor the Baptist Mission ought toO be structive earthquake in Nicaragua the opening of work on the Atlantic has been followed (April 19th) by a Coast, where there is nD mission con- new revolution in Honduras, its cenducting work in Spanish. The Mo- tral American neighbor. The storm ravian Church of the United States centers seem to be Tela and Ceiba Dn for eighty years has evangelized the the north coast, where the Episcopal Indians here and has a membership of Diocese of British Honduras carries more than twelve thousand. Inasmuch on a small evangelical work. Blueas the Spanish-speaking population is fields, Nicaragua, where the Moincreasing the Moravians have urged ravians have a well established misthe Baptist Mission to extend its min- sion, is also the scene of revolutionary istry to the Atlantic Coast where some activity. Nicaraguan Baptists havesettled.- Chas. S. Detweiler. Missionary Murdered, Station Burned Children in Cuba ON MARCH 31st the Sandinistas attacked the Moravian Mission BEFORE the Spanish – American station .of Musawas, in the Wangks War there were no schools in River District of Nicaragua, mur- Cuba, except a very few for the boys dered the missionary, the Rev. Karl of the wealthier families. Later, a Bregenzer, and burned the new $4,000 public school system was inaugurated mission building. Mrs. Bregenzer, which, with all its weaknesses, re- with her two little children and her duced the percentage of illiteracy mother escaped. from 75 per cent to 27 per cent. Over half the first grade drop out before The Moravian missionaries care for the second grade, and ,successively 13,000 Creoles and Indians at 58 staeach grade is about one-half the pre- tions, outstations and preaching places ceding grade. in Nicaragua. They do not work among the Spanish-speaking people. The Government theoretically pro- They have nothing to fear from the vides elementary education for chil- Indians, all of whom are their friends, dren and has a compulsory attendance but any American Mis,sion is exposed law, although it cannot be enforced to the enmity of the Sandinistas. with the present facilities. In the c.ountry the provisions are meager, As the United States Government indeed. Secondary schools are largely has announced that it cannot underleft to private initiative. Since the take to protect American lives and coming of Protestant Christian mis- prDperty in the interior, where the majority of the Moravian mission sta-

tions are, these stations are at the the world. An Executive Committee mercy of the Sandinistas who consider has been selected to draft a constitu- the pronouncement practically an in- tion.

vitation to attack them. As the Nic- araguan National Guard cannot cope New Alllerican Church in Paris T with the situation, missionaries have HE first American institution in Paris was a church. It was founded been ordered to the port towns, where American warships are stationed. in 1857. The American Church of Paris will dedicate a new $800,000 Campaign in South Alllerica edifice this coming July. It is a Union REV. HARRY STRACHAN is visit- Church and "Jesus Hominum Salva- ing South America to confer with tor" is its only creed. All evangelical missionaries regarding future evan- denominations in Paris sink minor gelistic work. He will collaborate in differences in order to unite for hold- Peru with missionaries, of the Free ing high the Cross of Chri,st.

Church of Scotland. His first stop is When the Franco-Prussian War to be in Ecuador. The most neglected broke out, Dr. Josiah G. Holland, the part of Brazil is the state of Ceara. poet and essayist, was the superin- It has 1,500,000 inhabitants without tendent of the. Sunday Sch{)ol.

a single mis·sionary. Distinguished worshippers have in- cluded Ulysses S. Grant, Theodore Mr. Strachan's journey will occupy Roosevelt, Herbert Hoover, and Woodthe rest 'of' this year.-Latin Ameri- row Wilson. Each of these U. S. can Evangelist.

Presidents belonged to a different de- Chilean Leaders List Bible First nomination. Additional proof of unity I N SANITAGO, Chile, the editor of is to be found in the fifteen different a leading daily newspaper, El Mer- sects at the Thanksgiving dinner for curio, asked, from leaders of thought students.

in that country, a list of the twenty- Permission to conduct the American five books that a person ought to read Chapel was first granted provided that if he desired to be looked upon as edu- the services be held in the English cated. For two months, 'on alternate language only, but the French Gov- days, these lists were published. ernment later decided to ignore it Sometimes the Gospels were men- and forget it.

tioned and sometimes the New Testa- Dr. Joseph W. Cochran, the present ment, but in the majority of the lists pastor also aids Protestant mission the Bible took first place I-Alliance work among the French lower classes.

Weekly. The new church building on the Quai d'orsay is in modified Gothic; EUROPE it is also a practical, seven-day-a-week League of Colored People church, where every aspect of life will ALEAGUE of colored peoples has be touched for the Church House is been established in the central a modern community center, includ- Y. M. C. A. of London. The main ing a gymnasium, kindergarten, liobjects of the League are provision- brary, lecture hall, sociaf rooms.-J. ally stated as follows: 1. To promote R. Montague.

the economic, educational, civic and social interests of colored peoples; 2. Mussolini and the Waldenses To assist colored peoples in distress; 3. To improve relations between As THE Waldensians are the strong- est group of evangelicals in Italy, races; 4. To cooperate with organi- many have interpreted the Pope's re- zations sympathetic to colored people; cent comment on Protestant aggres- 5. To encourage interest in the wel- siveness in Rome as especially directed fare of colored people in all parts of against them. The pastor of the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

largest Waldensian Church in Rome remarked that: "Spain was oppressed makes the following statement: by a dead body lying on her, and that is the Church of Rome."-The Chris- In February the Moderator of the tian. Waldensian Church of Italy, Dr. V. A. Costabel, was received by the Premier Religious Education in the Balkans of Italy in Rome. The Moderator wanted to inform the Duce concerning the schools DELEGATES representing the Or- of the Waldenses and the religious in- thodox Churches and Christian struction of their children. The Premier Youth Work in the Balkans met at a listened with great interest to all the conference to consider questions relat- Moderator told him about the work of ing to the religious education of the Waldensian Church in Italy, and youth. Several Protestant members several times expressed his profound of world Christian associations of personal admiration for the Waldenses, young people took part in the proceed- assuring the Moderator that they would ings. always enjoy liberty of conscience in Italy.-Presbyterian Advance. The conference reviewed the situa- tion among young people in Greece Protestant Revival in Flanders and Bulgaria, and in the Russian emi- grant circles in Central and Western THE xx Siecle reports that a group Europe. Youth has fallen away from of very active Fronters, with head- religious tradition and from the quarters in Dendermonde, is usefully Church but there has been a rekinengaged in creating a people'·s move- dling of spiritual life which has ment in favor of Protestantism. shown itself particularly among young Seven Protestant missions are travel- Russians of the exile. A delegate who ling from village to village and the sent his impressions to the Journal reports ·of the reception afforded are, de Geneve, writes: "One of the most as a rule, favorable. It is proposed striking things was the frankness of to build an Evangelical church at St. the discussion, the emphasi.s laid on Gilles, near Dendermonde. Some are modern methods of teaching, and the already speaking of a Flemish loose- frank admission of the Church that from-Rome movement. she had held herself aloof from the social, moral and intellectual life of Wayside Sowing in Spain those whose souls were committed to her." The conference recommended SOME years ago a Gospel tract was that groups of workers among youth dropped into a market basket car- should be formed in every Orthodox ried on a woman's head. The woman (Greek) country to study questions of could not read but her husband read religions education. the tract again and again and sought the Lord of whose love the tract spoke. A Christian College in Greeee Asking who had tossed the tract into his wife's basket, he was directed to ANATOLIA COLLEGE was forced Mr. Thomas Blamire's home in Marin. out of Turkey in the World War There the hungry soul was instructed and many students died in the strugand, returning home, preached Christ gle; othel's fled to different parts of to his household and neighbors. . the earth; a few reached Greece, who opened friendly doors. Sen. Jose Maria, of Arcade, soon became known as a valiant Protestant Dr. George E. White and his assobeliever, and a fearless follower of ciates began building the college anew Christ. He was a rich farmer, and in Greece. They had to start in a owned vineyards and lands. A little rambling, old building, formerly a church was formed, and there Jose gambling den. The work has not Maria shepherded a body of believers been easy; it has taken an amazing until his homecall in 1930. Over forty courage and persistency. Greece has years he faithfully followed Christ.

Spain cries out for liberty of conscience. One of her politi<:ians lately

not the money to give for the neces- President Paul von Hindenburg's desary buildings that will rise on this cree, issued under dictatorial powers new campus on the hill, but ,she is giVen him by Article 48 of the Constihelping. Recently the graduates gave tution, 'Of severe penalties fDr persons several hundred dollars; and two 'Or societies ridiculing the Church. gifts totalling $600 have been given by them toward a professorship. Throughout Holy Week police re- peatedly suppressed public meetings The new site for the college campus 'Of free thought organizations. Socommands a superb view of Salonika cialist free thinkers' associatiDns have and the JEgean Sea. 2,000 branches in Germany and 500,- 000 members. Similar organizations Greece is one of the chief countries among Communists have a memberof the Near East world. ship of 130,000 and carry 'On energetic anti-religious propaganda through 600 Anatolia College is an investment branches. The Socialists have slightly in youth. With a background of modified their anti-religious activities knowledge and experience this college recently in view of cDllaboration with will continue to give boys an oppor- the Catholic Party of Prussia. tunity for education and development, and will share in providing Christian It is estimated that 2,500,000 perleadership for the Near East.-The sons, including approximately 2,000,- Congregationalist. 000 Protestants, have abandoned their church affiliations in Germany since A New Seet·in Russia the World War. Government figures are not available, but reliable statis- T HE Ecclesia, published at Geneva, tics reveal that approximately 65,000 reports the appearance of a new residents 'Of Berlin withdrew from sect in Russia, known as the "Eu- churches during 1930, compared with nuchs," which is increasing rapidly. 31,000 in 1925. As the name implies, the sect bears the character of religious fanaticism Church taxes, collected by the Gerand the Soviets are taking measures man states, amount from 10 to 12 per to repress it. In 1930, thirty-nine cent of the state income taxes and the adherents were c'Ondemned at Lenin- churches derive large sums annually grad and another trial was held at from tax revenues. Reluctance to pay Saratov. Now a new center has been church taxes, especially during the discovered in the outskirts of Moscow. present econoOmic crisis, explains, in In this sect a veterinary surgeon and some measure, the mass exodus of his wife play the principle role and church members. perform the necessary operations. Twelve of this peculiar sect have been Agnostic grDups have enlarged their sent for trial but its adherents are following by combining membership said to number thousands. in free thinkers' societies with an in- surance scheme for free cremation. Germany Fights Atheists The anti-religious movement is con- sidered an outgrowth of the class ADRAST):C government campaign struggle and thus the actioOn of Presi- against anti-religious organiza- dent von Hindenburg and Chancellor tions believed responsible f·or a grow- Heinrich Bruening in shielding the ing exodus from German churches Church from agnostIc movements will coincided with the observance of bring the government indirectly int'O Easter in Germany. conflict with the Socialists and Com- munists, who are backing the free Decreasing attendance at churches thinkers.-The United Press. and a growing tendency to ridicule religion resulted in the inclusion in

WORTH

Any books mentioned i'n these columns will be forwarded by us O'n receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Invisible Christ. By Ricardo Rojas. able, the adorable Christ. A strange 336 pp. $2.50. Abingdon Press, New but fascinating book. As Dr. Robert York. E. Speer remarks in the introduction. Doctor Rojas is an Argentinian, the "If one asks what kind of books Latinson of a senator and governor, lately American authors are producing, this rector of the University of Buenos volume will answer for the nobler and Aires, a historian and a distinguished higher mind of the Continent. The fasman of letters. His book consists of cination of the book to most readers will three dialogues between a Bishop and be its revelation of the reaction of the his guest on the greatest character of highest Latin culture of our day to the history, Jesus Christ. It is a que·at religious inheritance of Latin Anierica, for the true. image of Christ, the true to Christianity itself and its historical word of Christ, and the true spirit of and mystical elements."

Christ. The book has had a remarkable sale In the first dialogue the discussion in its original form. The translatilm centers on the Christ of art—–{)ften conflicting, fantastic and purely imagi- is forceful and attractive in style. nary portraits. "The corporeal reality of Jesus is not defined in the contra- Where there are so many striking dictory imagery which the Church reference·s to the art and literature of Europe, the reader will regret the absence of an index. S. M. Z.

allows to crowd its altars." Christ The Challenge of Russia. By Sherwood is beyond all human artistic concep- Eddy. 278 pp. $2.50. Farrar and tion, neither of the East nor the West, Rinehart, New York. 1931.

the Son of man and the Son of God. A great experiment is being tried "The Cross of Christ, distinct from out in Russia, an experiment affecting the Swastika and the Tau, which not only the political but the social, other religions worship, is the figure economic, industrial and religious life made by a shadow projected on the of a hundred and sixty millions of earth, beneath the light of heaven, by people, and of portentious significance the body of a Man with arms out- of many more millions in other lands. spread for the sacrifice of love." Such There is a confused welter of inforis the mystical conclusion of part one. mation about it. The enthusiastic ac- The second part discusses the Word counts of Soviet advocates are not to of Christ and His spiritual image. be trusted, and foreign observers dis- Here the discusston turns on the Gos- agree. Dr. Sherwood Eddy has had pel record as distinct from tradition an opportunity to study the subject and apocrypha. "Scientific criticism having visited Russia .six times, twice so far from invalidating the text of during the regime of the Czar and the Gospels has made them more hu- four times since the establishment of man and forceful." the Soviet Government. He travelled The third dialogue is the climax of widely, asked many questions and has the trilogy-art, music, the compara- studied the whole situation. In this tive study of other religions, the book he has given his experiences and Church, the Gospels all lead to the conclusions. He rightly says that transcendent, the mystical, the invisi- "both the friends and foes of the 477

Soviet Union will probably object to in a Person and in a life-in Jesus some of the statements here made." Christ …… Christianity, then, is not a We cannot take his sympathetic view law enforced but a Life …… and the of the Russian experiment but he has Life is the Light of men …… Where written clearly, evidently with a pur- that Life is present, there is the King- dom of God on earth.

pose to be fair. It is his conviction Mr. Mathews not only presents an that Russia constitutes a challenge important and arresting array of dis- turbing facts but reveals an equally to America and the world. The lack important and more reassuring harof an index is a defect, which should monizing Power to bring order and be remedied in any further printing. reconstruction out of "The Clash of A. J. B.

The Clash of World Forces. By Basil W-orld Forces."

Mathews. 8vo. 174 pp. $1.50. Abing- The Land of Behest. By Constance E. don Press, New York. 1931. Padwick. 145 pp. Is. 6d. Church Missionary Society, London. 1930. Any student of world conditions must recognize that there is going on Those who have followed the gifted today a fierce conflict that is both pen of this author will take up her national and international. We have little book with much pleasurable anthe conflict between imperialism and ticipation, and will not be disapdemocracy; between capital and la- pointed. bar; between advocates of war and the promoters of arbitration as a "The Lands of Behest," the lands means of settling disputes; there is a conflict between racketeers and busi- that we are commanded to enter and ness; between law and crime; between social order and communistic possess for the Master, are the mission dis-order; between ignorant prejudice and intelligent judgment; between fields of the Church Missionary Soselfish immorality and high social standards. All these are summed up ciety, – Africa, India, China, Japan in the conflict between good and evil, between the material and the spirit- and the Moslem World. The backual, the Satanic and the Christ way of life. ground is the Congress in London in Mr. Mathews here discusses, with 1930. This is not a history, neither intelligence and Christian idealism, some of the forces now in conflict in a description of that gathering. The' international relations as seen in the Russian program, in India's effort to Archbishop of Canterbury says in the secure self-rule, and in China's -struggle to establish a democracy. He con- Foreword: It is "a picture drawn by cludes his volume with a study of, "The Clash of Values," in which he a skilled hand and a vivid and glowing presents the Christian solution for these problems and for the way of imagination of the whole field now so wonderfully open to missionary en- terprise." Here and there are given a few living, stirring words from the hearts of leading workers in the sev- eral fields, followed and commented upon by the author in her own in- imitable way. When -our zeal for the coming of the kingdom weakens, when our enthusiasm in fulfilling our Lord's command lessens, then this book should be within reach. J. C.

peace. He says: Albert Schweitzer: The Man and His Every category of human life is not Work. John Dickinson Regester. 145 pp. $1.50. Abingdon, New York. 1931. simply challenged but is reshaping under our eyes …… It is, in an even deeper "On the Edge of the Primeval and more revolutionary sense, a crisis Forest," the story of Dr. Schweitzer's in the individual lives of men and women work in West Africa, will lead many of every race …… In Christianity we to read with deep interest this sketch have, we believe, the ultimate values of of the man and his work as musician, the universe, expressed not in rules, or law, or creed, or commandments but

BOOKS WORTH READING

theologian, philosopher, and mission- An English journalist describes pic- tures he saw in the parts of London ary. Abundant quotations from his where officers of the Salvation Army are working. Already the book has own writings makes this, in a sense, reached an edition of 150,000 in Eng- land and America. These stories, an autobiography. He was born in which remind us of "Twice Born Men" and "Down ill Water Street," 1875 in Upper Alsace. His father was tell of men and women, downtrodden and despoiled, shattered by evil and a minister and his home was a center by economic hardship; of women led astray by human demons, of men of culture and religion. His musical ruined by drink and sin, of devilish deeds and filthy hovels. Such rectalent seems to have been inherited ords are truly "Annals of Hell." But Mr. Redwood also reports wombut in his theology he wandered far en reclaimed and men redeemed; he describes angelic ministries and from the evangelical position, but cleansed homes. These are the "An- nals of Heaven." "the quest of the historical Jesus has Cold and formal Christians will be resulted in a mystical finding of his stirred to warmth and vitality as they read of the life and light and joy that Lord and Master." The story of his Christ brings through such ministries as those of the Salvation Army among love for and proficiency in music is the outcastes.

fascinating; that of his hospital work The Pacillc Islands. A Missionary Sur- vey by J. W. Burton, M.A. Two maps. in Africa is heroic. The brief biog- 8 vo. 124 pp. 3s. 6d. World Do- minion Press. London. 1930. raphy is a fitting introduction to one In spite -of the large number of of the most distinguished men of our islands that have been evangelized, there remains ·still a great unfinished day. S.M.Z. task. The total area of the Pacific Is- lands is estimated at 383,228 square Stewardship Parable of Jesus. By Ros- miles with a population of 2,009,784. The Christian population is only 627,- well C. Long'. 230 pp. $1.00. Cokes- 903, nearly one-half of whom are Ro- man Catholics (252,792). The wholly bury Press, Nashville. 1931. unevangelized section covers only one thirty-seventh of the whole but three- The need of immediate increase of fourths of the population (one and a half mill~on) are not Christiansstewardship study becomes more and largely in Papua and the New Hebri- des. more apparent as the returns from This illuminating survey describes the old methods of casual, emotional the general conditions, the problems, the questions affecting governments appeals for bene'l'olences continue to and comity of missions, and the mis- sionary situation. There are two exdecrease year by year. cellent maps and some useful tables of statistics. Some helpful sugges- The Stewardship Secretary of the tions for mission study groups are also included. Presbyterian Church in the United States has brought out in six very helpful Bible studies the stewardship content -of six parables – The Good Samaritan, The Talents, Ten Virgins, Rich Fool, Laborers in the Vineyard, The Tower and Waging War. They will be a practical help to those wish- ing to teach stewardship by present- ing a new approach to the principles and practice.

Dr. Long makes clear that the hope for mission support lies, not in more emotionalization of money appeals but in solid stewardship understanding and practice. G. L. M.

God in the Slums. By Hugh Redwood. 12 mo. 167 pp. $1.25. Revell. 1931.

One-half the world does not want to know how the other half lives, but it would be well if those who are slipping down the gilded way of sin could SE1e these pictures of the pit that lies beyond.

The Fellowship of Toil. By John Mc- The Vision or Light at Evening Time. By Adelaide Addison Pollard. Pamphlet, Dowell. lmo. 150 pp. $1.25. Revell. 1s. British Jews Society. London.

1930. This very excellent and stirring epic poem relates the story of a Jew Industrial relationships constitute who came into contact with Christ. the social foundation of national life. It is worth reading and circulating. If these relationships are according to Christian principles we will have no Helps for the Quiet Hour. By Wilson repetition of the atheistic communism Cash. Pamphlet, C. M. S. London. that is devastating Russia and threat- 1931. ening the world. These daily meditations for one Dr. McDowell has been intimately month, with Scripture verses and familiar with industrial conditions blank pages for prayer topics, are since his boyhood. As worker, pastor, compact. nourishing, practical and student, Home Mission secretary and stimulating. committee man, he has become familiar with the warp and the woof The Jesus I Know. English Edition of of the problem. He gives us the re- a Chinese book prepared by Y. T. sults of his studies and his conclu- Wu, T. Z. Koo and E. R. Hughes. sions as to work and workers; the Paper, 40 cents. Shanghai, China. mission .of the church in industry; 1930. Christ's commands and labors' needs; the road to economic emancipation. Nine Chinese writer,s present their This last Dr. McDowell finds in the personal views of Christ. The testiacceptance of Christ's ideals of broth- monies are intended particularly for erly love and justice, and service to unbelievers but Christians will find mankind. J eSlls' standard of values some faint light ani truth in them. is life not things; His purpose is The witnesses are teachers, students service of society not of self; His and Christian workers. Not all show motive is charity not greed; His prin- a clear knowledge of Jesus as Divine ciple is fraternal not individualistic; Lord and Saviour. He is presented democratic not autocratic; His power by them as an ideal tea<:her and leader is divine not human. Loyalty to these rather than as the Son of God. ideals will solve the industrial labor problem. We need stronger Christians than those presented here, if the Church Direotory of Protestant Missions in China in China is to remain true to New Testament teachings. -1930. Edited by Charles L. Boynton. Tailum J'an-A Christian Widow in the 8 vo. 217 pp. Kwang Hsueh Publish- Wild Mountains of Upper Burma. By ing House, Shanghai. 1930. A. T. Houghton. 114 pp. 28. 6d. Marshall, Morgan and Scott. London. This enlarged and improved directory contains a list of missionaries Miracles are not limited to one age and missionary societies arranged al- or one land or one race. Here is a phabetically, by stations and by so- true story of Tailum Jan, an ignorant cities. There is also a list of union Burmese woman, until she heard the and interdenominational officials, and Gospel of Christ and heard the call of medical schools and hospitaIs. Al- of God. She responded and the comtogether there are one hundred and pleteness of her transformation was eighty foreign missionary societies at as wonderful as any recorded in fairy work in China, and about 6,000 mis- tales-and more complete and permasionaries listed. Seventy-two stations nent. The sketch of Tailum Jan in- -out of I,lOO-are listed as vacant cludes a background of Burmese life and s.ome twenty – five others are and customs and beliefs. It shows the manned only by Chinese Christians. power of the Gospel among primitive people.

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1931

NOT ETERNAL – WORSHIPING CHRIST IN TIlE MISSION I10)1E IN

June 22-25-INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE •• • iD the Dew ON AFRICAN CHILDREN, Geneva, Switzerland. £ABIN £LASS June 22-26-WORLD CONFERENCE ON Trans-Pacific travel now has an STEWARDSHIP. For information com- impressive new type of low-cost accommo- municate with the Rev. John A. dation … ffEmpress" Cabin. Its spacious- Ingham, D.D., Progress Council, 25 ness and comfort will appeal to the experi- East 22d Street, New York City. enced traveler. So will its true "Empress" cuisine and service. June 25-July 3-GENERAL CONVENTION, CONGREGATIONAL AND CHRISTIAN The white Empress fleet, comprising the CHURCHES, Seattle, Wash. largest, fastest liners to the Orient, also hrings to the Pacific transatlantic size, June 26-July 6-M. E. M. CONFERENCE. speed and luxury. Silver Bay, N. Y. Empress of Russia and Empress of Asia June 29-July 6-GENEVA SUMMER ply the lO-day Speedway, direct to Yoko- SCHOOL OF MISSIONS AT GENEVA, hama. The huge Empress of Canada and WISC. This is an Interdenomina- the new 23.knot Empress of Japan sail via tional school and among the first to Honolulu. Both routes from Vancouver give International Religious Educa- and Victoria. All Empresses offer, ofcour.e, tion credits. It offers courses, under lnxurious First Class. Also "Tourist" and outstanding instructors, in Bible uThird." and Mission Study, Methods, Hand- craft and Parliamentary Law. For Independent travel·touring round the information address: Mrs. George world and Orient conducted tours with P. Lottich, 3253 Wilson Ave., Chi- Canadian Pacific's veteran "know-how." cago, Ill. N ….. Lo…-co..t S ….."…r F ..,…..! "** Fir..t Cl…… and C ….in Cl…… Ro..nd trip••. /ro". 8450 PERSONALS Information, reservationsfrom your Agent DR. S. H. WAINRIGHT, for forty years or Canadian Pacific, New York, Chicago, an American Methodist missionary in Montreal, and 32 other cities in U. S. and Japan, was recently decorated by the Canada. Emperor "for distinguished service to the Empire." That service consisted in CANADIAN giving a Christian literature to Japan. Dr. Wainright is supported by the Fran- PACIFIC .. TO TIlE cis Street Methodist church, in St. Joseph, Missouri. ORiEnT *** Wo.ld'. G••••••• T ••v.1 ,,……

CHARLES N. WONACOTT of Portland, Oregon, has been elected Treasurer of the Presbyterian Board of National Missions.

Mr. Wonacott served as associate general secretary of the New Era Movement for two years and since 1924 has acted as corporation advisor.

**"

MISS M. JOSEPHINE PETRIE has resigned as Director of Specific Work of the Presbyterian Board of National Missions. Over thirty-two years ago she became secretary of young people's work and was responsible for the promotion of home missions in Christian Endeavor Societies and Sunday schools.

*** REV. HENRY C. McDOWELL of Galangue, Angola, Portuguese West Africa, a missionary of the American Board, has been awarded a gold medal and an honorarium of four hundred dollars by the Harmon Foundation, which makes annual awards to Negroes who have done outstanding creative work.

*** DR. SAMUEL GUY INMAN, Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, was operated on for hernia in Callao, Peru, on April 10th. He is expected home in New York early in May.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writ in&' to advertisers. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor TABLE OF CONTENTS May, 1931 FRONTISPIECE–LlVES OVERSHADOW"D BY LEPROSY. Payo THE STORY OF A HINDU PILGRIM ……………….•.•..••. .J. Ohadwick Jacks"" 325 The history oj how a hif.lh caste Hindu pilurim wu-s h'd to Ohrist·-an empcrience both in the change oj name and change 0/ nature.

THE BRIGHT SIDE OF WORK FOR LEPERS …………………… Wm. M. Danner 32~ A record of Christian service in behalf oj sufferers in 'ill-any land8.

"! DON'T BELIEVE IN FOREIGN MISSIONS" ..•..•…..•………. Henry A. Perkins 33l"i The case for foreign 11t188icms presented by a fwo/essor of p},ysiC8 a.t Trin-ity aoUege, HMtJord~ ana copied by permission from THE' AMERICAN MERCURY.

THE CALL OF BORNEO AND THE CELEBES .•..••..•••.•……..•..•.. . R. A. Jal!roll 341 The report 01 a tour oj mi8si()lluwy eu;ploratiOtl to discover the needs oJ unoccupied fieZds in Malaya.

ana MOSLEMS UNDER THE AlIIERICAN FLAG …………………….. Frank Laubaen 343 A 'I11Iissionarll working wmong th(l M()hamrnwdans in the Philippines asks seeks to answer some pertinent questions.

RELIGIOUS TRAINING FOR RURAL YOU~'H …………………….. Jay fl. fltowell 349 An in.teresting account of wltat is beino done to t(~((,ch the Bible and ChdsNan truth to da·y school pupils in rural districts untouched by churches.

WORLD MISSIONS AT CHATTANOOGA ………………………. David M. Sweets 355 The sto-ry of a notable congn~x8 hrld flY the Presbyteria'n Ohurch (~"outh) to present the claim8 and progress of foreiyn 1nissionary work.

WHEN IS YOUR BrnTHDAY ………………..•………. . Emma BeHc D. PiersO'n 361 A brief d.cscription of what hag been called ('the most remarka.ble mi8sionary enter- prise" in the world.. 8turtcd by a school boy in Australia.

THE FORWAnD MOVE~IENT IN SCOTLAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Donald Fraser 363 A. report 01 an enet'getic and spirUual mission to awaken the ~'c(Jtch to a keener Benae of their reBpOt'lsibHity to carry out the great commission 01 Christ.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES ………………..•••••••••••….••..•……………… 365 How lIUCH Is A MISSIONARY ","ORTH INDIA'S DEMAND FOR FREEDOM ENCOURAGIllMENT IN CHINA METHODS FOR WORKERS ………………………. EIHTEIl BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNsoN 371 WUMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN ………………………• 376 WORLD·WIDIiJ OUTLOOK.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 BOOKS WORTH READING ……………………………………… . 399 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1931, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONAHY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

ROBERT E. SPBl~R, PYf'sidf'nt W}.I. 1. CH.u,fnERl.AIN, Vice-Prcsident DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Seoretar'1l Publication Office, 3d & Reily Rts., IInrrtshnrg, WAf,TER McDoDQ,J,I" Tr{'nRun'T Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. Editorial and Business Olllce, 156 Fiftb Avenue, New York City Eutered itS second-class matter at the Post Offi(>e, Harrlsburg, Pa., under Act of }.~arch 3, lS79. OBITUARY DR. K. T. PAUL; an outstanding native 1 Chriftian of India, died on April 12th at the. age of·fifty-five. He had recently I _• returned from the Round Table Conference in London. LET YOUR GIFT Dr. Paul became an influential Indian to Foreign Missions leader as secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association of India, Burma PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME llnd Ceylon. He traveled widely in the United States and Great Britain and You can make a generous gift to foreign mislater served as president of the All-In- sions and have a needed income for yourself dia Christian Conference. and others from the money you give by the Dr. Paul resigned from the Y. M. C. Annuity Gift Plan A. in order to devote himself to the political uplift of India as a representative This plan relieves you of uncertainty and of Christian Communities. At the Round WOrry caused by changing values of invested Table Conference in London, he was funds and assures you a fixed income of trusted by Hindus and Moslems alike, and declared himself willing to have 4t% to 9% per year Christians in India merged in a general electorate. for the rest of your life ** A reserve fund of over $1.500.000 guarante~s the prompt payment of annuities to yOU_ ~ LEONARD WOOLSEY CRONKHITE, D.D., for many years a missionary to the Pwo Protect yourself against 1nss through Karen people of Burma, passed away on unwise inV'~stment~and at the sl'lme time February 28, 1931, at his home in Green- help send the gospel to all the world. wich, New York. For full information write ** * Erne.t F.. HoIl, Secretary, Dept. 01 Ann.atiea REV. A. E. SEAGRAVE, Baptist mission- BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS ary to the Karens since 1889, died at of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. Rangoon, February 6, 1931. Mr. Seagrave lived to see a remarkable expan- 156 Fifth Avenue. New York sion in the Sgaw Karen Mission, with its 200 churches and a membership of AVOID THIS 15,000. All of his four children re- MISFORTUNE turned to Burma for missionary service. "I know of no one more deserving *** of sympathy than a woman with limited resources, with.out ch.ildren to advise DR. EDWARD FIELD PARSON died March her, without business experience, sud- 8th, of pneumonia, in Peiping, North denly left a widow and compelled to China. He was thirty-three years old. settle an estate."

Dr. Parsons and his wife, Marion Who will be her advisor? Tucker Parsons, were commissioned as Who will share her troubles and rethe representatives in China of the First sponsibilities? Congregational Church, Washington, in Who will provide for her in case of 1925, at services attended by Mr. and loss of principal? Mrs. Calvin Coolidge. This can all be avoided by investing **• your savings in Annuity Agreements of the Methodist Mission Boards. MRS. IRA HARRIS, formerly of the Syria Mission, was for thirty.five years a F or further information write: missionary in Syria. She was honorably retired by the Board of Foreign Missions MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board of the Presbyterian Church in 1919. A of Foreign Missions of the Methodist daughter, Mrs. B. T. Schuyler, has been Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue. New for sixteen years in the Punjab Mission York, N. Y., or in India. Mrs. Harris died in Lansdowne, Pa., the home of a son, on No- W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer, Board of vember 28, 1930. Home Missions and Church Extension of *** .1_ the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch . St., Philadelphia Pa. THE REV. EDWARD ASHLEY, D.D., LL.D., Missionary of the Protestant Episcopal Church among the Indians in South Dakota, died March 30th. He labored fifty-eight years among the Indians, translating the prayer book, many hymns and other writings into the Indian tongue.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY RIIIVIIIlW OF THm WORLD in writin~ to advertisers. This mission hosl)itnl. J-Hni-En (<:lardf'n of COmf(H'O, IlWllk~nf'(1 the Jnpnnf>sc goyern- ment to care for l('p~rs .

LEPROSY N01' IlEReDITARY – UNTAINTED CHILDR~;N CARED FOR IN A CHRIS'fIAN MISSION HO~fE IN INDIA GLEAMS OF LIGHT FOR LIVES OVERSHADOWED BY LEPROSY

LIV, No. 😉 May

THE STORY OF A HINDU PILGRIM BY THE REV. J. CHADWICK JACKSON, Benares, India T HE Rev. and Mrs. J. Chadwick Jackson are conducting the Kashi Khristiya Sangha or Benares Christian Union, a city mission work especially for the milliorrs of Hindu pilgrims who visit Benares yearly. They come from all parts of India to the many temples; to bathe in the sacred Ganges i to gain merit by walking the sacred way; to listen to the holy gurus,' or to bring their dead to be burned on the ghats by the riverside, so that their ashes may be strewn on the waters of the sacred river and many reincarnations may be avoided.

Mr. Jackson, the superintendent of this United Mission, is a Scotch- man, formerly a missionary of the London Missionary Society and has witnessed for Christ in India for thirty-five years. Mrs. Jackson is also a devoted missionary who has labored with her husband in villages, living in native houses and living the Christ-life among the people. She dons the garb of a pilgrim to work among pilgrims on the river front.

The mission compound at Ram Katora, where the Editor and Mrs. Pier- son visited Mr. and Mrs. Jackson last year, borders on the road over which hundreds of thousands of pilgrims pass every year. They have opened a reading room and Bible shops facing this road and there wel- come weary pilgrims and tell them of Him who gives rest and offers to them the way of Life.

Five missionary societies unite in this mission to pilgrims-the Wesleyan Methodist and Wesleyan Reform Union, The London Mis- sionary Society, the Zenana Bible and Medical Mission and the Chris- tian Literature Society. Mr. Jackson is not only an earnest evangelical missionary but he is active in the life of Benares, being for some years a member of the city council, a lecturer at the university and a member of the Committee for the Enforcement of Opium Laws.

This mission and these missionaries are worthy of the sympathetic and active support of every Christian interested in the evangelization of India. EDITOR.

He is a Brahman, a young man In his wanderings he has visited of medium height, with a face rath- every famous shrine in India and er deeply lined for one of his years, has picked up some knowledge of but with sparkling eyes and a brisk several languages, including Engmanner that is earnest and grave. lish. His mother tongue is Oriya 325

but he speaks Hindi fluently and sionary seemed to be an excellent it was in this language that he re- man of noble character, but he lated the following interesting handed me over to the care and story. teaching of one of his Indian work- ers whose conduct and character My parents are both dead. I made his company extremely dishave an elder brother who is a tasteful to me. I therefore rehousehold priest in my native turned to my guru in no way town. My ancestors were Kash- helped spiritually by my experimiri Brahmans. Very few of us ence, and feeling that in Christianlive so far South and it is a rule ity there was no hope of spiritual of cur caste that we shall marry help for me. So I went on discussonly brides from the distant State ing with the few Christians I met, of Kashmir. My brother, and the in a spirit of controversy and op- Raja who is our patron and who position. In a second-hand market gave me a scholarship, desired me in Calcutta, on one occasion, I saw to finish my studies before mar- a liuge pile of old books which riage, hence I am not married. Aft- were being sold by weight at a er I had reached the matriculation very cheap price. I picked out two standard in school, I was put un- -one a huge tome which was ender the care Of a guru (teacher), titled "A Commentary." Not a very learned man, a master of knowing what a Commentary was, arts, himself an eloquent lecturer, I opened it and found most interspeaking fourteen languages, and esting explanations of Bible texts. very much in demand everywhere The other was a dictionary. I for religious orations. Besides my- threw these twa into the scales and self, he had nearly a dozen young paid the price-a few annas only. disciples whom he taught and who The dictionary I sold at a great accompanied him in his travels profit, for three rupees, but the from one sacred shrine to another. Commentary I kept and read it con- We visited all the important bath- stantly, finding it most helpful in ing places and sacred temples in understanding the Bible. From India-Benares, Hardwar, Dwar- this time I read the Bible regularkanath, Puri, Ajodhya and Ra- ly, carrying the three versions meshwaram. along with me, but secretly, as I feared that my guru might know. A Hindu sadhu whom I met on Gradually my mind was changed. our journeys gave me a copy of the New Testament in Hindi, and One incident in South India I read it mainly with the desire to made a great impression on me. I find points of argument with was down by the burning-ghat Christians. Afterwards I obtained reading and meditating, when a copies in Oriya and English and poor widow brought the corpse of became much interested. I felt her son for bUrning. I saw her some desire to meet and associate great grief and felt real pity for with Christians to see their manner her. The officiating Mahabrahman of life. Once in a sacred city I left -a coarse man-came along and our party with the excuse to the said to her "Give me a go-dan (a guru that I was going to Gorakh- gift of a cow) and I will promise pur to worship Gorakhnath. In- that your son shall be born again stead, I joined myself to a Mission as a cow." as a seeker after truth. The mis-

THE STORY OF A HINDU PILGRIM

I was indignant and caught hold boys returned and wanted to enter, of his hand, saying: "Shame on but I was resolved to be alone in you! Have you no pity for the my mental struggles, and asked poor mother in her sorrow. Is this them to go away and sleep else- all the comfort you can give her to where. At about two in the morn- tell her the lie about her son's re- ing, when I was so weighed down birth? You know that you cannot that I couldn't rest, I suddenly saw control that. You are trying to a brilliant light in the room, as make profit out of her grief and though someone had turned on a are torturing her further. How flashlight. I turned to see from dare you say that a human soul whence it came, but it seemed to shall be imprisoned in an animal fill the room. As I gazed there body. Shame on you." appeared in the light the form of He repulsed me angrily. The a person, the most beautiful I have impression on my mind was very ever seen or imagined. I could not painful, showing the futility of recognize him at all, but as we Hinduism in the presence of death. were worshipers of Shiva, I won- This thought remained with me dered whether this divine being and I more earnestly read the Bi- had graciously disclosed himself to ble. resolve my doubts. But on looking A Message From God longer and more intently I saw the While I was full of these sad form of a cross on his shoulder thoughts, I sat down and placing and above it the word mukti (salthe Bible before me I allowed it to vation). Then I realized that it fall open of itself to see if I should was a vision of Christ, bearing the be guided to any special "word." It opened at the Twenty-third cross for me. Immediately I saw Psalm. How helpful and blessed what it implied, namely that what was that word of God spoken I had so often read was true. through His servant and prophet There are two crosses, the one David. It was a real message to which He bore and one which I my soul at that time of need. must bear. At that moment I de- cided that I would leave all the old My guru was called to give a life and b~ His follower. I rememseries of lectures in N—. I bered the word of God to Abrawould get away whenever possible, ham: "Get thee out of …… thy keeping my Bible tied close to my father's house, unto the land that body with my sacred thread, even I will show thee." I thought that, out to the place reserved for pri- as I had read in the Bible, having vacy, though reflecting that the become by faith one of the sons of place was impure. I often went to Abraham, I ought to walk in the the lonesome burning-ghat, to read steps of faith and leave all for and meditate, but the thought of Christ.

death and the results of sin op- In the morning I did not bathe, pressed me. We were all invited and when, as our custom was all to go to a natak (play) one eve- gathered to repeat in unison our ning, but I was distressed in mind morning chant "The Gayatri," it and excused myself. I could not was seen that I was absent. Later even eat and was left fasting alone they asked me: "Why have you in the room. I lay down to rest not bathed and why do you not but could not sleep. Very late the come to the worship?"

"I will say and do nothing until Christian man who would tell me I can have an interview with the where to go and what to do. At guru," 1 replied. last I saw a man whose dress seemed to indicate that he might Soon he called me, and 1 told be a Christian. He was a canvasshim all in the presence of the oth- er and to him I told something of ers, of my search for peace and my story. He refused to believe assurance; of my Bible reading and would not trust me at all at and of my last night's wonderful first. But when he saw my eyes full of tears he asked me if 1 had vision. taken food. I told him that for "Oh," said the guru, "It was only two days I had not broken my fast.

a dream." Then I could see that he began "No," said I, "I was not asleep. to believe me. I said: "I want nothing from you-no money, only 1 was wide awake and in my full direct me to some Christian or mis- sionary who will tell me how I may senses. I know what I saw." become a follower of Christ." "Let us discuss the matter to- "There is a very good man, a gether," he said, "you may present London Mission Pastor at – – – " your arguments and 1 will try to he replied. "His name is Aaron. meet them. We may thus arrive Go to him. 1 will speak to the guard and he will allow you to at the truth." travel without a ticket. So I went "Sir," 1 said, "how can I argue and found Pastor Aaron, a very good man in full sympathy but not with you. You are my guru and knowing a word of any of my lan- I am a learner. Between your pro- guages. So I returned by train, found learning and my ignorance, and was directed to go to Miss what a gulf there is. But to me F– at G– who knows Hindi. the vision I have seen, confirming She had, however, gone away the the Bible I have read, puts the mat- previous day. 1 then went on to ter beyond argument. 1 know what Bangalore where 1 was welcomed and very much helped by Mr. and I saw." Mrs. Marler and Mr. Small of the "Where is the Bible," he said. Theological College. On their rec- When I showed it to him, he ommendation 1 went to Benares which I had formerly visited as a took it and tore up part of it and pilgrim. 1 am happy in the Ashthrew it on one side. Then he ram of the Kashi Khristiya Sangha kicked me. preparing for baptism and training for service. The boys were enjoying the dialogue and all started making fun On Janu,arlj #, 1931 the young man, of me. whose story is here given, was bap- tized in the River Ganges at Benares, "Will you become a padri 1" taking the. name of Khristo Mitra. "Will you preach?" Since then he. has been progressing "Will you wear a suit and very well and is a great joy to US.- boots?" etc. J. C. J. I could only repeat that I would be a follower of Christ. From that moment my every movement was watched lest I should leave them. I could take no food for two days but at the end of the second day I managed to escape and went straight to the railway station, searching everywhere for some

LEPER PATIEN'l'S – A HLINn mU;A:-:[f;T AND TilE

AT 'J'U),;GKlIN, Clll:-:A THE BRIGHT SIDE OF WORK FOR LEPERS BY WM. M. DANNER, New YO"k S CC1°ctar1/ oJ th e A m cl"ica.n ~Mi88ion to Lepers I NA LARGE church in an east- lepers, cast out evil spirits. Freely ern city I told the story of the ye have received, freely give." needs of the lepers. After- Five specific things the disciples wards the minister arose and said, were told to do in connection with "I want to apologize to my congre- preaching. The lepers of the world gation this morning." I thought claim our attention because our he was going to apologize for the Master said-"Cleanse the lepers." length of my address, but he looked into the faces of his congregation Not long ago a friend in Caliand said: "To the best of my fornia told me that he didn't know knowledge, I have never even there were twenty-five lepers in prayed for a leper in my life. I the world. He had never given have never asked God's blessing on them much consideration. He was a leper, nor directed my congrega- surprised when he heard that there tion to pray for a leper. I apolo- were over five hundred in the Unit- gize for it and mean to do differ- ed States.

ently in the future." Many have never given much Jesus said to His disciples "As thought to the leper and scarcely ye go, preach, saying, the kingdom think of him as a human being.

of heaven is at hand." People of- But he needs and deserves our symten stop there, under the impres- pathy because he is in a class by sion that they are fulfilling this himself. What hotel would be open command when they "preach" or to him? What can he do to earn a hear the preacher. The next words living? When our Master said are: "Heal the sick, cleanse the "Heal the sick" he meant all sick 329

people but He specified "don't for- all over the world. In the Louisiget the lepers." ana hospital a canvass was taken of the patients about the kind of Dr. Victor G. Heiser, a leading Christmas gifts desired. They deleprosy expert connected with the cided that they would like to have Rcckefeller Foundation, estimates the money sent to the Red Cross, the number of lepers in the world for they thought others needed it at two million. This means that more than they did. They were one person out of every 800 on the thinking not about themselves, but earth today is a leper. The disease about others. is found all over the world, especially in hot climates. In some vil- The best advertised leper colony lages practically every person is a in the world is under "the Stars leper. and Stripes" in Hawaii. Five thou- A MODEL LEPER MISSION COLONY AT CHIENGMAI, SIAM The Congress of the United sand acres of Molokai are given States has provided a great nation- over to the lepers. Their hospital al leprosarium at Carville, Louisi- is built on a section of the island ana. Three hundred and thirty shut off by a very high mountain. live in comfortable little cottage In this colony there are 625 lepers. homes and eat in common dining There ate two Protestant churches rooms. Through the good offices of for them under the Hawaiian the American Mission to Lepers a Evangelical Board, with a resident resident Protestant chaplain min- pastor and other ministers making isters to the Protestant patients. regular visits. A church has been built for them and Billy Sunday sent them a sup- When I visited the island the ply of his song books. "Brighten lepers gave me an informal recepthe Corner Where You Are" was tion and hundreds of them were framed and now hangs over the on hand. There were two bands pulpit. These people are doing of stringed instruments, for the their best to live up to that senti- Hawaiians are famous for their ment. music. When I looked into their faces, I said, "If you people can Every year our mission sends sing as well as your bands can play, Christmas gifts to leper patients I would rather hear you sing than

THE BRIGHT SIDE OF WORK FOR LEPERS

make a speech." Everyone smiled. 5,000. The policy of segregation The leader of the orchestra started is an important factor in stopping to play and they all joined heartily the spread of leprosy. in singing "Saviour Like a Shepherd Lead Us." They sang three In 1874 the Mission to Lepers vers~s from memory and with in- was founded with three objectives: creasing fervor. (1) to preach the Gospel to the lepers, (2) to relieve their terrJqle Tl1e largest leper colony in the sufferings, (3) to supply theIr world, also under "the Stars and simple wants. Now a fourth has Stripes," is at Culion in the Phil- been added-to rid the world of ippine Islands. There are over leprosy. 5,000 at this well-managed colony. It is a municipality managed by In modern leper colonies the pacouncillors elected to represent the tients are taught self-support. The native tribes. The resident physi- women sew, cook, and perform cian is mayor and has the veto other housekeeping duties; while power, which he rarely uses. A the men do the gardening, weaving, minister who had been licensed to tinsmithing and carpentry, even preach in the Manila district be- building their own homes, churches fore he contracted leprosy, was for and schools. Such physical and some years pastor of the leper mental activity are important elechurch. I walked for miles along ments in the cure. streets clean and well kept-a credit to those in charge. Twenty Progress is being made in disyears ago there were 10,000 lepers covering a cure for leprosy. Chaulin the Philippines – now about moogra oil, known for hundreds of years as beneficial to sufferers from leprosy, is now given hypo- SELF-IHJLP FOR LEPER PATIENTS – WOMEN A'l' WORK IN A nICE I"IE[,n

TIIFl MISSION HO)IE FOR LEPER rA'I'IFlNTS AT F'USAN. CHOSEN dermically with encouraging re- sand dollars to apply to work in sults. Many who have been treated the Orient, it will show a much in this way have lost all trace of the larger purchasing power there disease and been free from any than in America. At Taiku that symptom of it for a period of more sum will provide permanent housthan two years. From the Carville ing for 80 lepers. Leper Colony seventy-five lepers have been discharged. Other treat- A typical Korean leper colments have been discovered that ony is not a doleful place-its ocmay help to blot out this awful dis- cupants are seemingly happy. One which we visited had games and ease. afterwards we saw the little' fields Nearly forty years ago a mission where they raise rice and fruit and vegetables, and keep themselves hospital was opened for lepers in ilsefullyoccupied. We saw samples Japan. Seventy lepers were cared of the school work they were doing, for in such an excellent manner as well as some of their industrial that the Japanese Government has work. They use a big black board established six Japanese Govern- music scale in learning to sing by ment Leper Asylums, where the note. They are being taught to lepers are given humane treatment. read, write and count. In the chap- One of the Japanese doctors, Dr. K. el the missionary gave us a dem- Mitsuda, said to me through an onstration of their proficiency in interpreter, "We are doing every- Scripture recitation. They recited thing we can to treat these lepers the Twenty-third Psalm, the Ninelike human beings." At one of the ty-first Psalm, the Beatitudes, and government asylums there was a the Ten Commandments. Some service when eight men and three can recite the entire shorter catewomen were baptized. Five of the chism and others can quote Scripleper women stood together and ture for two hours without any fervently sang, "Fade, fade, each appreciable error. earthly joy, Jesus is mine." Since leprosy is not hereditary, In Korea there are three leper it is a privilege to help care for stations under our American Mis- untainted children of the lepers in sion. When one offers five thou-

THE BRIGHT SIDE OF WORK FO~ LEPERS

separate homes. There are thirty sian to Lepers will, on request, furspecial stations for untainted chil- nish free material for such a prodren of lepers where the hand of gram. rescue is outstretched in their behalf. In every church there should be a representative who will give out The missionaries of the Church information and be the connecting of Jesus Christ are joined in a link with the Mission to Lepers, working in harmony with the con- stituted authorities of the church, and seeing that the lepers are not forgotten.

Order a metal pig bank and feed him currency, so that funds may be secured from a host of peo- ple who do not now have a part in this branch of the missionary work of the church. Over seventy thou- ~I1YAKE SAN o~' JAPAN Christiull missionarips were stollt'd away from the Oshima Colony until this .1aJ)~Ulf>8e leper callie (lnn hroll,ght from the Mission IIospitnl the Uo:spel of Chri:st:.

federation or effort, as representa- AX IlDLlN CURED OF LEPROSY tives of some thirty-three American and Foreign Mission Societies 'l'his boy faced a life of suffering or Boards, to do this work. The until he came to the Mission Hos- Mission to Lepers is the tie that pital, received treatment. was trained binds them together in the world- for Christian service, and returned wide work for lepers and their chil- cured to his home in southern India. dren. The Mission aids one hundred and fifty leper hospitals in sand of these banks have already forty countries, but the world-wide been sent out. work is made possible only by the help of those who stand back of Pray for the lepers. these missionaries and this organi- It is our opportunity thus to zation. share in the modern fulfillment of Christ's command. One way to help this work is to use a program to tell the story Oifts may be sent to the American Mission to your own church or to other to Lepers (Fleming H. Revell, Treasurer) 156 churches where you may be speak- Fifth Ave., NIJW York. . ing. If people become interested, they will help. The American Mis-

FROM ASIA*

Opportunities in Persia tieth anniversary of the School for U NHEARD-OF-CROWDS are the Blind. Voluntary Bible study attending evangelistic meet- in boys' middle school is increas- ings. This is a new develop- ing. Chinese leaders and missionment in a Moslem country. There aries are rejoicing in working tois increased demand for schools gether at common tasks in momenfor young women. Dormitories tous days.-Rev. E. E. WaUine.

at Men's College, Teheran, are Tension in China Relieved crowded. One new building imperative. Hospitals are under- Nanking conditions much imstaffed.-Cablegram from Rev. W. proved over last year. Future A. Groves, Ph.D. Christian work hopeful. Conver- sion President Chiang relieving From Syria anti-religious tension. Time ripe for strong advance to win China More pupils than ever! Mos- for Christ. Only possible home lems request J.iission schools. Med- Church continues support with ical work Deir-ez-zore opens up prayer and money. Any retracdistrict along Euphrates. Direct tion now would cripple work, jeopevangelism entering Moslem terri- ardize success. Depending on your tory Sidon Presbytery. School and loyalty.-Rev. J. Russell Chandler. book store stir youth of Aleppo.

Hama with 85,000 unmanned. Punjab Mission Faces New India Send reinforcements. Insure ex- In the midst of the gigantic turpansion. Come. Give. Pray yeo moil of India in 1930 our schools, -Rev. R. C. Byerly. hospitals, bazaar chapels, our vis- Greater Freedom in Iraq iting in zenanas and homes, our colleges and theological seminary Iraq open to Gospel as never b~­ and our preaching of Christ have fore. Word of life preached dI- gone steadily forward. There have rectly to Arab Moslems in Bagh- been baptisms among the higher dad; Mosul, Hillah, Kirkuk, to classes-more numerous and prom- Kurds in Dohuk. Pray that the ising than in any year since the Holy Spirit will apply the message pioneer era of missions. A new of life through crucified and risen sense of the reality, the immediacy Saviour to hearts of these people and the total inadequacy of merewho are lost without Christ.- ly human means in making India United Mission in Mesopotamia, by safe for her new freedom has Rev. A. G. Edwards. opened the hearts and minds of Message from South China men and women as never be- fore. May God stir the American Today in South China: Marked churches until the man in the pews evangelistic opportunity. People gets the vision of this unparalare uniformly friendly. Disorder leled opportunity. Never has there is decreasing. Christians are rais- been a more open door to Christ in ing endowment to celebrate for- India than now.-Rev. E. D. Lucas, • From the Pre/51Jyterirm lYorld Ne'll}8. Ph.D .

334

"1 DON'T BELIEVE IN FOREIGN MlSS10NS"*

BY PROF. HENRY A. PERKINS, Hartford, Conn.

Proie880r of PhY8ios in Trinity Oollege. Recently Returned PrQ'm a World Tour (' T .1 DON'T believe in Foreign ability and character as the rest pf Missions. The heathen are a us, though, considering the altru- lot better off left to their istic purpose of their job, they are own ways, and their own religions as a whole somewhat more unself- suit them best." ish than we are, and as they must Thus the man who also says that learn, and learn thoroughly, one or it is a mistake to educate the Ne- more difficult foreign languages, gro, that America can keep out of they may average a little higher in world affairs, that the French are intelligence than those whose only a frivolous people and the Japanese speech is American. The best type dishonest. He believes such things is made up of the kind of person just as he believes billboards. He who, when he has found something has of course never visited a mis- good, is possessed of a consuming sion, and probably never even met desire to pass it along. There really a missionary. If he has travelled, are such people, and the best mis.

his opinio·ns have been formed by sionaries have gone out to China, other tourists like himself, or by India and Africa because they actu- the remarks of some chance ac- ally want to share the best things quaintance doing business in the of our civilization with those who Orient. His impressions of mis- haven't got them; they are old sionaries, who usually travel sec- fashioned enough to believe that ond-class, are derived from observ- child marriage, exposing superflu- ing them from the serene altitude ous infants to die, devil worship of the first-class deck. and so on, do not oontribute to the Though foreign missions had a happiness of a people.

very respectable beginning with Of course, there are many sorts St. Paul, though we owe to mis- of missionaries. Some are eminent sions much of the early exploration scholars whose work on the lan- and development of the continent, guages, literature and religions of and though we have been a great the people they live among has been missionary people, one hears that of large value. Dr. John Chandler, missions are harmful-first, be- of Madras, is such a one, and his cause they unsettle the lower class- work on the dictionary ,of the Tamil es; second, because they introduce language, under the auspices of customs and diseases which are the Indian government, is of great destructive of primitive peoples; importance. Everyone recognizes third, because they give the native his value as a philologist, at any a religion to which he is not suited; rate. Other missionaries are men and fourth, because missionaries of such intimate knowledge of na- live luxurious lives, not in harmony tive peoples and their ways that with the ideals of a religion of governments consult them with re- self-sacrifice. gard to colonial policies; such were Missionaries are as varied in the Humes of Bombay and Ahmad- nagar. Still others are great teachoa~c~':.~~':.~~~ ~~b,!'.:'~~:··;~~l.from The Ame"';- ers like the late Dr. W. A. P. Mar- 335

tin, of China, who adapted the Dr. Raman, of Calcutta, is one of Chinese characters to· the demands the world's ablest physicists. So of modern chemistry. China may some day tell us how to unlock the energy within the atom, At the other end of the scale or make some {)ther discovery of there are ignorant missionaries, vital importance. The Chinese are bigoted missionaries, unkempt and fully our equals in intellectual powunsavory missionaries, who were er, and to withhold our learning perhaps failures at home, or would from them, or from other highly have been if they had stayed there. intelligent peoples, would be as- They form a most unattractive suming a serious responsibility. minority, corresponding to similar minorities among politicians and Nobody denies the value of eleteachers, let us say. They may even mentary education for all, and the do harm, though considering that missions are doing what they can they usually find their own level to provide it, even in the jungles of among the much more hopeless out- Africa. In India, and even in China, casts of lands of poverty and mis- it might seem as if this was the ery, it is hard to see how a desire government's job, and that misto improve conditions-which even sionary effort was superfluous. But they must ·have-can be wholly to educate an almost wholly illiterwithout some benefit to the com- ate people numbering hundreds of munity. Even a worm can elevate millions is a Gargantuan task, and a lump of dirt if he puts his mind the Indian government has only to it. scratched the surface so far. If a province needs a thousand schools As to the missions, as organiza- and the government provides but tions, their purpoges and methods ten, ten more supported by the misare as varied as the churches they sions represent 100% gain. . . . represent, and the individuals who compose them. They all want to Other forms of education fosconvert the heathen. That goes tered by missions are training without saying, but they do much women in improving conditions in more than that-very much more- their homes, in the care of their and their ways of approaching the children, and in all forms of hycommon goal are as different as giene. Such work is not spectacis to be expected, and perhaps de- ular but when the result is seen to sired. be good by other women, the new ideas spread ·of their own accord The Missionary Purpose with ever-increasing momentum.

Conversion is far from being the It is a curious fact that everyone, only purpose of most missions. even the most banal objector, They aim at educating the people. seems to believe in medical mis- There are countless schools, col- sions. Hospitals in a city which leges and even great universities have had none before, doctors in founded and supported by mission- lonely outposts where only native ary effort. Whether it is worth medicine men have hitherto pracwhile educating the Chinese, for ticed, seem like rather obvious huexample, in the theories of modern manitarian activities for the folscience may seem debatable to lowers of the Good Physician. The some, but Japan has certainly pro- appalling diseases of the tropics duced eminent men of science, and and orient, and the advanced stages

"I DON'T BELIEVE IN FOREIGN MISSIONS"

to which they have usually devel- are sometimes reproached for usnped before the doctor sees them, ing healing as a means to converwould be a stimulus to the most sion. Well, what of it? The Foundblase medical man. Moreover, even er of Christianity seems to have those who hold that idol worship given His sanction to this practice. is as good for the heathen as Chris- A fourth activity of modern mistianity is f.or us will hardly argue sionary enterprise is agricultural that native medicine is as good as and industrial enlightenment. This ours in curing the natives' diseases. is not yet as common as the other branches I have discussed, but Such medicine is either magic many missions are beginning to pure and simple, with spells and help the farmers in improving incantations to drive out the devils their methods of cultivating the who are supposed to cause all ills, soil, in securing better seed and in or else it is a pseudo-science of breeding better live stock, while strange drugs and crude surgery. others are very active in teaching A root that happens to look like a the natives how to make and sell man has curative powers; tigers' articles of their own handicraft, claws, ground-up pebbles (any peb- thus helping to preserve beautiful ble will do), and other equally ab- designs and forms which are besurd remedies make up the phar- ginning to disappear in competition macopceia. A few valuable herbs with our own machine-made prodknown to native doctors have in- ucts. The University of Nanking, deed been discovered in Asia and in and some branches of the Y. M. C. the tropics, and have been gladly A., as in Hyderabad, India, offer accepted by our physicians, but in good examples of agricultural eduthe main their medicine is worth- cation and research, while such less compared to ours. Their sur- schools as the Congregational Misgery is even worse, for they haven't sions of Sholapur and Madura in the faintest inkling of aseptic India illustrate industrial training. methods, and it is common to encounter such perverted ideas as the What Are the Objections one prevalent in China, where the pus from a boil or other form of Now we come to the objections. infection is deliberately forced back Do missions unsettle the lower into the body. classes? Of course they do. They make the ignorant eager for know- Medical missions, with all their ledge, and knowledge is always unbeneficent activities, are the direct settling. They make them want result of the evangelistic spirit. better homes, with more pay to Very few doctors, qua doctor, provide for them. To prefer cleanwould have felt the impulse to liness to dirt, wholesome food and practice healing in distant and be- enough of it to a few beans or a nighted lands. They are more apt handful of rice, is awfully disturbto crowd into cities already well ing to the status quo. Small wonder cared for, so that even our own that those who employ native labor rural districts are beginning to suf- in China or India, Java or Angola fer. But doctors imbued with the complain bitterly of the evil inmissionary spirit go where the need fluence of the missions! It makes is greatest, and many are as able all the difference whether you want practitioners as those who prefer a to get something out of the native more remunerative practice. They 2

at the I{),west possible cost, or that seems good in Ohio was also whether you want to give him a mistake, because both our cloth- something that is going to make ing and our homes are inimical to him better, regardless of cost. their health. But one should for- Of course, if one really believes give something to those pioneers that people who are used to grind- who longed for homelike surround- ing poverty, pestilence and famine ings, and remember that they gave are better off as they are, then all they had, even life itself, for an there is nothing further to be said. ideal. It was wrong to lay violent But if one admits that these things hands upon such of the native ways'

are always and everywhere evils, as were innocent, but they did not then one must regard the dissatis- understand, any more than anyone faction which results from a desire else at that time understood, that for better living conditions, better clothes may sometimes be harmful, food and better health as a neces- and that nudity may be more mod- sary consequence, though more or est than an evening gown.

less temporary, ·of a justifiable ef- The Impact of the West fort to create a self-respecting peo- ple, able to take its proper place The mISSIOnaries cannot be among the brotherhood of nations. blamed for the disastrous impact The objection that missions have of Western civilization upon the introduced ways of living out of blissful islands where, if we are to harmony with the native environ- trust the novelist, child-like happi- ment and that they kill off the ness once prevailed. Nor can we aborigines by giving them our dis- lay at their door the rapidly dimin- eases is undoubtedly true in some ishing birth rate among pe{Jples cases, notably in the South Sea doomed to extinction because they Islands. But it is only a half truth. have lost all zest for living. This The manners and practices of our is one of the inevitable tragedies of civilization would, of course, have progress, like the fate of the Amer- reached these islands through trad- ican Indian under the "protection"

ers in any case, and their worst of the American nation.

features, disease, strong drink and Today the enlightened mission- various kinds of depravity, have ary recognizes all these considera- been actually introduced in this tions and modifies his early preju- way. So, since the worst features dices to meet the true needs of his of our culture were inevitable, the flock, even to the extent of dis- importation of a few of our better couraging clothes where they are standards and ideas through the harmful.

missionary was the least that could The relative merits of the great be done by way of recompense. religions of the world is too large A New England meetinghouse a subject to enter upon here. All amo·ng the palms of a tropical is- have claims upon our respect. . . .

land is certainly incongruous and But the fad remains that, lofty a fit subject for the mirth of the as these religions may be in their ungodly, but it is a relatively harm- primitive purity, they lack one or less misfit. Making naked savages more essential features of an ideal dress in the styles of New England religion. Buddha's teachings were was a grave mistake, and teaching atheistic. Confucianism is really them to live in the kind of house not a religion at all, but a system of

morals. Hinduism is grossly poly- much to be desired. So even Mo- theistic, and Mohammedanism is hammedans are a proper field for obviously lacking in the higher Christian missionary enterprise, forms of spirituality. Even with and, a fortiori, the adherents of such limitations these creeds at other religions, increasingly so as their best can produce fine qualities we descend the scale of ignorance.

of character and conduct and true If the converts from these non- beauty of soul among some of their Christian religions did not gain in adherents. But these form a mea- self-respect, peace of soul and gen- ger religious aristocracy in contrast eral intelligence after their con- to Christianity, with its power over version, one might still argue that all grades of intelligence and all so- degradation and fear are best for cial strata. the degraded and fearful, but such There are countless millions of is not the case, as anyone must ad- adherents to the great religions mit who has compared the converts just named, and to others less im- of almost any foreign mission with portant, . . . but an overwhelming their unconverted neighbors. The majority of these millions are ut- converts seem awakened and alert terly ignorant and the victims of by contrast, and when they are either degrading or terrifying su- members of the downtrodden, de- perstitions. Fear of all sorts of spised, untouchable outcasts of In- devils, quite undreamed of by the dia, the contrast is striking indeed.

founders of their religions, is their Luxurious Living only strong religious emotion, and the influence of that fear is appar- What of the luxuries with which ent on every hand in their daily the Christian missionary is said to lives. surround himself? Luxury is a While Buddhism, probably at its very relative term. A fur coat is best in Japan, numbers many de- a superfluity in the tropics, a luxvout and learned priests, in China, ury in New York, and a necessity at any rate, it seems to have sadly in Alaska. Noone accuses Dr. degenerated. . . . Grenfell of luxurious living because As to India, it is only necessary he wears furs when ministering to to visit the Golden Temple at Be- the needs of the fishing folk of nares, the Kali Ghat in Calcutta, Newfoundland and Labrador. The or the Great Temple of Siva and nature of one's occupation also dehis consort in Madura to see what the Hindu religion is like; reading termines what ceases to be a luxury one of the more temperate books and becomes a necessity. Formerly treating of child marriage, the evils a horse, as now an automobile, was associated with purdah, and the a necessity for a country doctor, terrible curse of caste, enables us though a luxury for most of us. to judge Hinduism by its fruits … What seem like luxuries in Amer- ica may be grim necessities in Chi- Even Islam is somewhat overlaid na, especially for a missionary with with superstitious corruptions of a family….

what its founder really taught. It The missionary family is a won- is too fatalistic and too material- derful object lesson to the native.

istic, while if it is to be judged by It shows him the respect and con- its fruits, certainly the Turks, its sideration with which we treat our leading exponents, seem to leave women, it gives him new light on

the upbringing of children, on sani- educated at great expense, trained tation in the home, and on all that in foreign language schools and goes to make for domestic happi- sent out into the field at more exness, not to mention the work pense, should incur the same risks among native women which the as those they seek to help. We do wife is able to accomplish. not put an army surgeon in the front line trenches, to share all the Granted, the value of women and dangers of the men whose wounds children in the mission, we must he is to heal. . . . revise our idea of what are luxuries for missionaries. The most obvious The home of the missionary has, "luxury" they enjoy is that of moreover, other uses than for the household servants. . . . A family missionary alone. Classes of mothliving in an American apartment ers and children, parties for old and young, musical gatherings with no servant still has numerous about the piano or the little reed mechanical servants at its disposal, organ, an occasional garden party, such as the water supply, the steam may all take place in this home, so heat, the gas and electricity, while its charm has a real social value in a cafeteria around the corner sup- elevating the standards and tastes plies occasional meals, a telephone of the people whom we believers in brings supplies to the door, and a Foreign Missions desire to help. trolley, or even an automobile, is available to shorten the time con- The Underlying Motive sumed in necessary shopping. This desire to help China or In- Deprived of these conveniences, dia, or any other great but backthe missionary and his wife would ward nation, is too complex in its have very little time to devote to underlying motives to discuss here. their real business unless they were Perhaps, after all, the desire to help replaced by native servants. Such really needs no explanation. It is a perverted use of effort would self sufficient, a deep-seated imnever be tolerated in any business pulse which we dare not disobey. concern. Moreover, half a dozen It is a very trite remark that the servants may be had for the price nations are bound closer and closer of one at home. . . . together daily as means of rapid inter-communication mUltiply. So Other "luxuries" are a comfort- that what becomes of a backward able house, an attractive garden, nation in the future is of tremencheerfully decorated rooms, good dously vital concern to us all, or beds, screens for the windows, a will be to our posterity. China's convenient kitchen, and a bath tub. ultimate destiny, with her more Some of these mean all the differ- than four hundred million souls, is ence between health and sickness. perhaps the most important, and The fact is that few Occidentals, we cannot look on with indifference especially women and children, can at her upward struggle. In this live as the natives live and keep struggle the missions are playing well, even if there were not the ter- an important part, and the kind of rible risk of such scourges as amre· civilization which that great people bic dysentery, malaria, cholera and will achieve depends a great deal the bubonic plague. If the natives on whether or not they absorb the die like flies because of such dis- best we have to offer them, or the eases, that is no good reason why worst.. men and women who have been of SOUTH CHINA. INDO _CHINA, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS ShQwiOIi trevel route af recent trip of R. A Jaffray OKE 01<' ~IR. .TAF'FRAT'R JOURKRYS IN I'lBARCII 01<' U:-;OCCUPIRD FIBLDS THE CALL OF BORNEO AND THE CELEBES BY REV. R. A. JAFFRAY, Wuchow, South China A TR1P to Borneo and the Cele- thought was: "Lord teach me what bes has not been a missionary this means." At once this Scrip- picnic, for these lands are in ture came to mind :-HSon of man, the "uttermost parts of the earth," I have made thee a watchman unto and are dark places without a ray the house of Israel: therefore hear of Gospel Light. the word of my mouth, and give I was feeling glad, after two them warning from me. When I months' absence, to be returning say unto the wicked, Thou shalt home to settle down again to work surely die; and thou give him not in Wuchow, and leave to others warning, nor speakest to warn the the respcnsibility of the perishing wicked of his wicked way, to save souls in these uttermost parts. his life; the same wicked man shall Then the Lord gave me a most die in his inqiuity: but his blood vivid and horrible dream. I thought will I require at thine hand." that I was at home and was a (Ezekiel 3: 17, 18.) I saw the fugitive from justice. It seemed meaning of the blood spots on my that the Lord Jesus was pursuing hands, the blood of immortal souls. me and that I had stains of human What could I do to pay my debt blood on my hands. The pure white and preach the Gospel to them?

snow was on the ground and I All these days I have heard the stopped to wash away the stains. cry of the man of Borneo-"Come Then, as I ran on, I awoke. My first over and help us!" I have had ring- 341 ing in my ears by day and by night In the streets of these cities the the names of "Balik-papan! Balik- darkness that can be felt depressed papan 1 Samarinda 1 Samarinda 1" my soul. It can be dispelled only Satan's complete thraldom over the by the Light of His Word.

souls of men in these parts has Now I hear the call of great never yet been challenged by the cities like Makassar and Surabaya, preaching of the Gospel. names new to me. They ring in I hear the voice of the Great my ears all day and are in my Shepherd saying, "Other sheep I dreams at night. "Makassar!

have ….. them also must I bring." Makassar 1 Surabaya! Surabaya 1"

And again, "Whom shall I send, They represent places of midnight darkness. Thousands of Chinese are in these cities as sheep without a shepherd. The little flocks have no leader. If we can supply Chi- nese Christian workers to help save these dying churches, and to open work in new cities before long we may have a score of self-support- ing Chinese churches here.

We must also send missionaries to the interior of Borneo and the Celebes, where wild head-hunters still live in the jungle. Some day they will hear the glad sound of the Gospel, see the great Light, and be saved. We are debtors to the Chinese, the Malay, the Javanese, the Indian, the Arab of these parts, and to the pagan wild men of the interior. We must not only warn them, but we owe them a debt that we must pay. It is our duty to give them the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ. To fulfil this obli- gation some one must go, and some A NATIVE OF THE CELEBES one will have to send. "How shall they call on Him in whom they and who will go for us?" Who have not believed? And how shall will open a Gospel hall in Balik- they believe in Him of whom they papan and Samarinda? There are have not heard? And hew shall Mohammedan mosques at these they hear without a preacher? And places and heathen Chinese tem- how shall they preach except they ples. The devil is worshipped be sent?" (Rom. 10: 14, 15.) there. Theatres, gambling hells, It will require sacrifice; it will and worse places, all in full swing, cost tears and blood; but it is are thronged with people of many worth while. What a joy to go races – Malays, Javanese, Boegis, with Him, to preach His Gospel Chinese, and "the wild man of "where Christ has not been n a m e d ." Borneo" from the interior.

UNDER THE AMERICAN

What Shall We Do With the Moros of Mindanao?

BY THE REV. FRANK LAUBACH, D.D.

Missionary of the A. B. O. F. M., Mindanao" Philippine [slanas I MAGINE a globe, across which for food. Columbus ventured to is flung an American flag, seek India across the Atlantic in reaching from Maine to the the face of the common superstifurthest island of the distant Phil- tion that he would fall off the edge ippines. On the opposite side of of the world. He struck America the globe paint a huge green stock- but could not get around it. Maing stretching from Spain across gellan, with incredible doggedness, Northern Africa and Southern drove southward until he pene- Asia to the Southern end of the trated the stormy, churning straits Philippines. The heel of the green at the lower extremity of South stocking and the tip of the red, America; and then crossed ten white and blue, overlap in Min- thousand miles of open sea in his danao, for here are a half million little sail boats-on and on, and Mohammedans, the famous Moro on-tearing the leather from the pirates who kept the Pacific in ter- masts, and soaking it in the sea ror for centuries. We now hold and gnawing at it for food-on and those Moros because we took them on for a hundred days. When at from Spain. How Spain came into last he and his crew did reach possession of them is a strange land-it happened to. be Mindanao tale. It begins with Mohammed -they fell down weakly upon their himself. faces and gave thanks to God that Beginning his ministry in 610, they had found a way past their this marvellously electric person- Moslem foes. Then they started ality succeeded in galvanizing his out to explore and, did ever fate followers into "the most violent play so cruel a trick I-found the explosion of human energy in his- Moslems or "Mnros," who· had tory." His cheering throngs come around the world the other pushed across Northern Africa, way and swarmed all over the and by the year 732 were in South- Southern Philippines.

ern France. If they had won the This is how it came about that battle ·of Tours, probably all Eu- twenty-nine years after the Moors rope and America would have be- were hurled from Spain, the piticome Moslem. But they lost that ful struggle began again between battle, and began a very slow re- the "Moros" and the Spaniards in treat. It required 760 years to far-off Mindanao. Spain waited push them out of Spain! The very only long enough to become rooted year Columbus discovered Ameri- in the Northern Philippines, and ca, at the battle of Granada the then she equipped a fleet and sailed last Moors ("Morns" in the Span- to Mindanao to exterminate her ish tongue) were forced across ancient foes. The extermination Gibralter into Africa. went the other way, for scarcelJ They had now become a complete a Spaniard escaped to tell what had bar to all caravans to India. Men, happened.

like animals, will dare anything The triumphant Moros were 343

hungry for more blood. When the annihilate the Moros or even to southwest monsoon began to blow, convert them. All they asked was they sent a great fleet northward peace and obedience to the law. to wreak vengeance. They swooped They never attacked first, but if down upon village after unfortu- the Moros attacked, the recoil was nate village, captured Filipinos and as quick and as terrible as possible. Spaniards, set them to cutting the It was not a flattering reputation crops of rice and corn and piling that preceded the soldiers in some them into the Mora vintas, and areas. My teacher, Data Pambaya, then, by way of reward, they cut tells me that when his grandmother off the heads of the men and first set eyes on an American solcarried off the good-looking women dier, she ran home exclaiming, for theh wives, and the children "Why they are not beasts at all; as slaves. Vengeance proved ex- they walk on two feet like we do, citing and profitable, so when the but they are tall and white I" monsoon blew northward the following year the escapade was re- General Wood made a scientific peated. For two centuries the study of Mora psychology. He Moro guns proved superior to those bought all the books on Mohammeof the Spaniards. danism, the Moros, and the Orient that he regarded as having value- The Filipinos came to expect he had a room full of them-and this scourge as a regular part of what is more he read them. Then, their yearly life. Watch tower~ instead of going directly to Minwere built, where vigilant eyes danao, General Wood spent several scanned the seas by night and day, months in Borneo, Java, Sumatra, ready to sound the alarm that the and Singapore, learning all he Moros were coming so that every could from the Dutch and English living soul might flee to the moun- rulers and from the natives, about tains. Manila had a wall around the prejudices and habits of Malay the entire city. During the nine- Moslems. When he did reach the teenth century, the Spaniards, in Moros he was able to win their common with all Europe, gained a hearts and enlist their loyalty in a tremendous advantage by driving remarkably short time. The Motheir ships with steam, and were ros, for all their bloodthirsty hisable to chase the Moro vintas from tory, are real men. If they worship the seas, but to all intents and pur- physical strength and courage, poses these Moslem pirates were they admire mental astuteness even free from all real control by Spain more; and in General Wood they to, the very last. recognized one of the keenest minds of his day. When America arrived in the Philippines in 1898, the Moros met One Way of Making Friends their masters. Our War Department, realizing that here was a It happened that the Sultan of delicate and difficult region, sent Sulu was absent when General strong men to deal with the situ- Wood landed in Jolo, but Rajah ation-Wood, Pershing, Bullard, Mudah was acting in his place, Davis, Baldwin, Bliss, Sumner. and General Wood invited the These and others not so well known Rajah to pay him a visit. The were not only soldiers, but also Rajah replied that he was ill, so statesmen. They had no desire to Wood sent a company of soldiers

MOSLEMS UNDER THE AMERICAN FLAG

to inquire after his health. When personal prowess could command.

the Rajah saw the soldiers stand- It is a perfect example of feudal- ing at attention before the house, ism. When the American troops he made a quick recovery and ac- arrived, these tribes were in a state cepted the invitation. General of continual warfare, and men Wood received him cordially, never thought of eating, working showed him about the camp, and or sleeping without their weapons.

inquired whether he would be in- Wives or children who ventured terested in seeing a machine gun out of sight without close guard work. After the gun had mowed were likely to be stolen and carried down a few trees, the Rajah be- into slavery. Life in Lanao in came a fast and faithful friend of those days was not good for weak the American army. nerves.

S i mil a r treatment won the A scourge of cholera broke out friendship of the other chieftains, about the time that the American and all went well until they were soldiers arrived, and the Moros requested to free their slaves. naturally supposed that the sol- Then they all threatened civil war. diers had brought it. They rea- Datu Ali, the most powerful of the soned that the way to be rid of the Jolo Datos', shut himself in his cholera was to kill the soldiers, so cota, or bamboo fort, which is more they watched in ambush and picked formidable than it may sound. Six on any small group that ventured feet above the ground the rocts of out of camp.

living bamboo are tightly woven One old Mora named Alandug together and covered with mud-a paid several visits to the Camp and wall six feet or more in thickness, talked with Captain Bullard.

and from this wall rise thousands Noticing that the Americans did of huge hard bamboos to a height not die of cholera, he inquired the of ten or twenty feet, covered with reason, and was told that the men thorns. Such a fort is impregnable boiled the water before drinking it by direct infantry attack, but is not to destroy the cholera germs. The proof against modern field guns. old Mora spread the news that the Wood, who was always sparing of Americans had good Mohammedan the lives of his soldiers, was prof- doctrine for they chased the devils ligate wit h ammunition. He out of the water before drinking it.

smothered this Mora fort with In a short time Moros began to artillery fire, and when he had come from all directions for medi- finished, nobody was alive save cine. Many of them drank a cup those who had fled from the fort. of boiled water in the morning- Captain Bullard has written a and drank anything they wished delightful account of his experi- the rest of the day!

ences at Lake Lanao, where he The Moros are overflowing with sought to bring order out of chaos. surplus energy, and they want Around the lake are about ninety money more than anything else in thousand Moros, divided into "an the world. So Bullard set to work infinity of" small tribelets, each building a road from the coast to more or less ruled by small chief- Lake Lanao, thirty miles inland, tains having pompous titles like and paid what seemed to them "Sultan" or "Rajah" or "Data," enormous wages. Old Alandug yet with no more power than their came first "with a handful of ugly

fellows whom we treated like kings 1906, and the tears sprang to the and handled like infernal machines eyes of the young man, "That," he ready to go off at any moment." cried, "was my father. Oh, I want The number of workers increased to write and tell General Bullard daiIy-"armed, a I way s armed, about it!" And he interpreted the stuck all over with daggers and account excitedly to his brother krises." Even bitter enemies, who, who was sitting with us. "My if they had met anywhere else father was a very good Moslem, would have fought on sight, buried and wanted all the people to obey their deadly hatred for a time, and God. And the most ardent desire worked side by side. The love of of my life is to carry out his money, instead of being a root of wishes." It was one of the tensest evil, in this case worked for peace moments in my life. I took the and progress. hand of young Adbul Gani Moor, and said: "Gani, we shall be Tackling Their Religion friends and co-workers for life, for the most ardent desire of my Now Bullard tackled their re- heart is that the Moros and all the ligion. He studied into the night world shall learn to do the will of until he could talk fluently about God." the Koran, .and then invited the priests to visit him, and amazed Among the Moros life was held them with his knowledge of the very cheaply, one's own as well as sacred book. Although they knew that of another. In Jolo (but not little about it themselves, they pre- in Lanao) a Moro who was tired tended to know everything. From of life and wanted to take the that time the Governor had no shortest road to heaven would "run trouble whatever with the religia.us amuck," or juramentado as the problem, which had always proven Spaniards called it. He would the chief stumbling block of the bathe in a sacred spring, shave off Spaniards. Bullard became such his eyebrows, dress in white, and a close friend of Hadji Mohamad present himself before the' priests Noor, the most reverend Moslem to whom he would take a solemn scholar of them all, that this priest oath to die fighting the enemies of arose in Mora. Assembly and an- the faith. Then, hiding weapons nounced that it was the will of under his clothes, he would go to "Allah hoo ta Allah" that the the nearest Christian town, snatch Americans should rule over the his weapon from concealment and Moros and tax them to one-fifth of proceed to kill every person in all their goods! Never before in sight until he himself was killed. history had a Mora paid a cent of Simply injuring this fanatic would tax to anybody! The triumph of not stop him, for he would fight so Bullard's diplomacy was complete. long as there was any life left in him. If bayonetted, he would The best educated young Moro often seize the barrel of the rifle in Lanao has become my fast and push the bayonet farther into friend and my assistant editor. himself in an effort to get nearer "My father," he told me, "was the to the soldier at the other end. very first man to urge the Moros When at last the Moro perished, to obey America." So I read Cap- the news would be carried to his tain Bullard's account which ap- relatives who would then hold a peared in the Atlantic Monthly in

celebration. As night was coming ought to see Washington, the capon, some of them always saw him itol of the United States!" riding on a white horse bound for the abode of the blessed. Ten years after Carpenter began his work, one of the great round People who esteem life as cheap- the world boats was advertising, ly as that are not safe with fire- "See Zamboanga, the most beautiarms. Gathering up all the guns fullittle city in the world !" in the Moro country proved far the most difficult task undertaken by The result of this demonstration American soldiers. The Moros was that the Moros, especially the prize their guns more than any school children, went to work other of their possessions. At planting flowers around their present every Moro who desires to homes, and tried their hand at carry a gun must have a govern- rustic paths and fountains. Govment license. It is a privilege ernor Carpenter scoured the world which all important men prize also for new ideas in agriculture. highly, so they keep the law as Plots of ground were selected carefully as possible for fear their where the Moros could see what license may be taken away from was going on, and commercial them. plants of all kinds were raised for distribution. Seeds were distrib- New Ideas for Old uted free of charge, a specialist even going with the Moros to. show Clearly the chief need of the them how to plant and care for Moros was new ideas to take the the new crops. Coffee, rubber, tree place of their petty feuds and their cotton, avacarda pears and many narrow outlook; and all governors other articles are now permanently of the Moro country have been established. wracking their brains and scouring libraries for such ideas. Gov- The most wonderful tale in ernor Carpenter of Zamboanga Mindanao is this: For the first was the most original. He secured time in the history of Islam, a Moa landscape gardener from Wash- hammedan nation is going to school ington and set him to work beauti- to Christian teachers. The Moros fying Zamboanga. Beautiful little of Lanao are eager for their boys parks began to appear like magic. to have an education, for they see Fountains, charming waterfalls, that there is no other way in which and glorious flower gardens caught they can protect themselves from the eyes of the Moros, who had oppression and exploitation on the always loved color in their clothes part of unscrupulous people. but had not thought of putting it into their landscape. Numerous Even a few of the girls are atcanals, that once had been ugly tending school. But there are mud holes, began to shimmer with many hindrances in their way. An exquisite water lilies. Splendid Indian Moslem visiting the Moros concrete buildings arose along said: "The place of woman is to clean streets, and a great beautiful be subservient to man, and if she pier crept out into the bay, bril- becomes educated she talks back liantly lighted by dozens of gilded and wants too much money, and electric lamps. When the en- you cannot keep her in her place. thralled Moros asked the reason No, it will never do to educate for all this, they were told: "You women!" Then the educated girls tell the Moros that they intend to

marry Christians because they do the beginnings of an experiment in not like the easy divorce customs adult education, rather different of Islam, and they will not tolerate from anything of which I have a second wife. For these and other read elsewhere. Old and young reasons the Bureau of Education alike pile into our schoolroom is worried about the girls whom it whenever we open the doors, and educates, and is actually refusing study how to read our paper until to accept some who apply as stu- we have to invite them to go home dents in the schools. A profound for luncheon or until darkness social change results in these girls, prevents fUrther seeing. It seems and the Bureau wishes to be sure easy to prepare Moros teachers that it is not a change for the who can extend this "folk school" worse, or perhaps lead to a war idea all through the Province, and of the sexes! so teach the Moros how to become acquainted with the events of the A Great Danger in Lanao world around them.

The danger in Lanao is not that America owes a large debt to the Moros will refuse to drop their these Moros. We made them religion, but that they will take a promises which thus far we have cynical attitude toward religion left unfulfilled. They surrendered and morals in general. Those who to America, because they trusted have been in contact with "Chris- her. We deprived them of their tian" civilization are as a rule not means of self-defense. We owe it so good as those who have been to them to see that they are not wholly free from the contact. crushed and even exterminated in the pathway of greed. If we can- Bishop Brent, while in the not help them by peaceful meth- Philippines, became so greatly im- ods, they constantly tell me they pressed with the need of the Moros will resort again to arms, and if that three wealthy society women, they do they will bring misfortune infected with his zeal, went to J 010, upon themselves and all the Philipestablished a fine agricultural pines. They still remain the one school, and almost transformed the menace to Philippine Independence spirit of that once dangerous Is- which most worries many of us. land. On the other hand, if we give Four months ago, the Rev. them the aid they need they can Donato Galia and I opened our new become mighty leaders in this part station in Lanao Province among of the world. Nobody questions some hundred thousand Moros. their innate qualities. Personally We have found them friendly be- I believe that we shall see Moros yond all expectation. We began a driving down into Borneo and Java little newspaper in the Maranao and Sumatra and the Straits with dialect, which has been well re- their boundless energy, carrying ceived and is proving a channel for the new vision of what Christ can ideas of all sorts. It is published do for the enrichment of Islam. in Maranao with Arabic letters, and with Roman letters, and in These ancient pirates of the English. Perhaps half the men of Pacific can become the key tn the Lanao can read one of these three Moslem problem in The Far East. columns, and they all wish they They have it in their blood to do it. could read the other two. We have But what will America do?

RELIG IOU:;; RIHiCNI'ION CLASS IN A COUNTRY DAY

RELIGIOUS TRAINING FOR RURAL YOUTH BY THE REV. JAY S. STOWELL, Philadelphia, Pa.

Director of i'lt lJ licitlf, Board of l1U1nc Mi.'fsions a,1id Church R:.rtcnsion oj the ilIf;thutiist f,;pis("o}Jul ellul'clt OUT in Wyoming a certain A small but growing army of young woman had a "flat" trained young women are today at at a rather inconvenient work in rural areas on a new promoment, for a group of boys and gram which promises to revolugirls was awaiting her arrival at tionize religious procedure for a rural schoolhouse some miles these districts. It holds out to the away. After some tribulations the boys and girls in rural areas new damaged tire was repaired but the and better opportunities in relitraveler was so belated that it gious nurture than they have ever seemed almost foolish to proceed. before had. The plan, if extended, However, her habit of persistence will bring religious nurture to milhad its reward when she met the lions of youth attending rural pubentire group of bays and girls, lic schools, but who, for the most mostly Japanese and Scotch, at a part, have no regular contact with point a mile and a half from the any church or Sllnday-sclwol. It schoolhouse. They had come to will make possible religious train- meet their teacher, both because ing for other millions of boys and they were curious to know what girls who have had only the rather had happened to her and also be- sketchy aid of untrained volunteer cause they were determined not to Sunday-school teachers for twenty miss what she had to offer. That minutes a week when teacher and thing was not any part of the or- pupil have both found it convendinary public school curriculum ient to be present. Perhaps we but was instruction in religion and can best explain by citing the exlife. periences of one day with one of 349

these modern teachers of religion. promise to rural religion. No two One morning I was met at lessons had been alike, but each one' had fitted into a consecutive series. Ithaca by Miss Viola Schuldt, a I had seen small children cut, fold, college-trained young woman with and color their own paper "winpostgraduate w 0 r k in religious dows" which were then held closely education. After an early break- against the glass of the real winfast we headed for the country, dow while the pupils named the hustled for some miles over hard things which they could see for roads, swung onto a narrow, wind- which they wished to thank Gcd. ing, dirt road, and finally reached Afterward these lists were copied the top of a hill, where we found on the paper windows. The items an ancient one-room school. A ranged from trees and flowers to group of children were awaiting cows and people. Those carefully the opening of school, and a teacher made and colored windows, with was approaching from a distance. their list of blessings, wculd be faithfully preserved and would The bell rang and for sixty teach their own lessons during the minutes I listened to a thoroughly days that the teacher was away. prepared teacher presenting, according to approved pedagogical There were drills in the use of methods, a 'very effective lesson on the Bible, for the teacher provides God as the Heavenly Father. The Bibles at small cost. One group pupils belonged to no church and learned an evening prayer. Anattended no Sunday-school; some other discussed and planned in deof them were from homes of pov- tail a Thanksgiving party to be erty. During that hour they re- given at the schoolhouse for their ceived an impression which will mothers. They gave the reasons stay with them through life. They why the items which they sugwere so intent upon the lesson that, gested should be included in the when a huge threshing machine program. lumbered past over the country road in full view of the window, One school presented a simple, scarcely an eye was turned. These but carefully planned, religious farm youth here learned something dramatization, in which practically that will make them better citizens every member of the school parand will permanently enrich their ticipated. The One Hundredth lives. Psalm was used as memory work for one group, and notebook work At ten o'clock we sped on to an- formed a part of the program for other school where a still larger all the groups. Questions as to group of pupils awaited a lesson on what constitutes religious living Thanksgiving, of e qua II y high were discussed. merit; four o'clock found us on another hilltop, completing the Millions of Americans have resixth lesson for the day, this time ceived all the religious training upon the meaning of the Kingdom they ever had in church services or of Heaven. It was one of the most Sunday schools held in some schoolinteresting days I have ever spent, house. These new rural teachers for I had been watching an out- of religion are able to carryon standing representative of a new their work in conjunction with profession putting into practical public school authorities only beoperation a program of amazing cause of the provision of New York

RELIGIOUS TRAINING FOR RURAL YOUTH

State law making possible the re- of the salaries of the workers. lease of pupils one hour each week Methodists, Presbyterians, Bapfor religious instruction. After tists, Episcopalians and others several years of experience, the have joined and have produced the cash to make this new venture work has so commended itself to possible. parents that they sign written requests that their children shall be Rural teachers of religion are alreleased for it. Other states have ready at work in states as widely similar provisions and the number separated as New York, Pennsylseems likely to increase. In states vania, Arizona, Connecticut, Idaho, where laws are different the work Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, is frequently carried on b e for e Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Michschool hours, during recess or after school. igan, Oregon, California, Montana, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, INDIAN PUPILS IN A MOUNTAIN SCHOOr. AND 'J'HEIR BIBLE TEACHER In Tompkins C 0 u n t y, Miss Oklahoma, Tennessee, West Vir- Schuldt reaches each week 284 gInIa, Wyoming, and probably pupils between Monday and Fri- other states from which no reday. She is one of five such work- ports are at hand. ers giving their time to this work. Tompkins County is, in fact, one In one county in Michigan one of the outstanding counties in the trained girl was now reaching United States in the development more boys and girls each week of this ministry to rural youth. through the public schools than all It has been made possible largely the churches of all denominations by the vision and patient per- in the same territory had reached sistence of Professor Ralph Felton through the Sunday-school at any of the Rural Extension Depart- one time in the past fifteen years. ment of Cornell University, and by the generosity of the churches of In Lane County, Oregon, the Ithaca, which have provided most work was begun three years ago under the personal direction of Miss Mary C. Harding, and was

later taken over by the Lane In one school a mother reported that County Council of Religious Edu- it was the first time her little boy had cation. The first year fifteen attended a religious service, and the first classes were organized with 329 time she and her husband had attended pupils; the next year the work "church" since they were married. In grew to twenty-five classes with another district the school was made up of Czechoslovakian, Polish, Hungarian, Welsh and Scotch children, only one 508 pupils. The present plans call American family being included. Many for fifty classes with an enrolment of the children in the kindergarten could of nearly one thousand. The work speak no English, and the mothers spoke is done on released school time and only brokenly but attended a class or- ganized to teach English.

reaches legging camps and lumber These are brief glimpses of a towns as well as agricultural com- movement that is s pre a din g munities. through rural America much faster These new rural teachers of re- than many imagine. It is bringing ligion are not limited to one meth- into existence a new profession for od of work. During the summer college and normal school grad- months they promote hundreds of uates who have taken time to daily vacation schools of religion. specialize in the work of religious One worker in Illinois reported education. The field is so full of twelve such schools under her di- promise and the method of work rection, with fifty-three volunteer so economical that men of wealth teachers and nearly six hundred would do well to set aside some pupils. Seventeen of these volun- millions of dollars with which to teer workers were public school challenge communities to achieve- teachers with normal training, ment along this line of religious nine college-trained high school nurture for rural youth. The teachers, two college-trained pas- movement might then be stim- tors' wives, three pastors with col- ulated somewhat as Andrew Car- lege training, two other college negie stimulated the loan library graduates, one undergraduate, and or as Julius Rosenwald has stim- nineteen with high school training. ulated the work of elementary edu- Without such trained leadership cation among Negroes.

probably not one of the schools Thus far the churches of Ithaca would have been held and six hun- have led the country in their will- dred boys and girls would have ingness to assume the salaries of missed several weeks of consecu- these rural teachers of religion, tive training in matters of religion. while the communities in which the During last summer Miss Esther work is done have been challenged B. Cutler, a worker in Wyoming, to provide a budget for traveling had charge of eight such vacation expenses and for educational ma- schools of religion with a total en- terials. In Lane County, Oregon, rolment of 240 pupils, ranging the teaching is done largely by stu- from four to twelve years of age. dents on part time. The communi- Of her experiences Miss Cutler ties served are expected to pay the writes: salary of the teacher, while travel- Many of the children are not connected ing expenses are provided by a with any church or church school and financial campaign. In some cases their parents have no church connec- Rural Religious Education Societion. Many of the boys and girls came a long distance on horseback or in car- ties with a membership fee have riages…… . been organized among rural and

town dwellers to support this rural over, but it does mean that we canprogram of religious nurture. Na- not depend upon it exclusively to tional agencies, both denomina- provide religious training for the tional and interdenominational, boys and girls in America. The have also made direct appropria- public school is the only agency tions for this religious ministry. which reaches ninety per cent of All of these methods of support American youth, so that any comhelp, but the field is enormous and prehensive system of religious nuris ripe unto harvest. ture shculd be worked out in terms of school districts and school It has become increasingly clear groups. that the Sunday-school cannot be DRAMATIZING A BIBI,E STORY IN A CLASS IN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION depended upon to fill the needs of These new workers in religious the boys and girls of America for education are blazing a new trail full religious nurture. It has for a more comprehensive plan of reached only a fraction of Amer- religious nurture for rural youth. ican youth and it labors under the Our rural regions are crying out handicaps of the "peak-load-at-a- for a great army of well qualified single-hour," the limitations of un- religious teachers, as well trained, trained teachers, and irregularity as well paid, and as sure of an opof attendance on the part of both portunity for service as are public teachers and pupils. The latest re- school teachers. The way is beligious census shows that only 44.1 ginning to open. State legislatures per cent of the children of the are breaking down some of the bar- United States are even enrolled in riers; boys and girls of our rural Sunday-school – an actual decline areas are finely responsive, and a of more than four per cent in a crowd of enthusiastic coli e g edecade. This does not mean that trained workers are crying out, the day of the Sunday-school is "Let's go!"

3

FROM THE FRONT*

Siam Christians Accept Responsibilities crease in enrollment. Reinforce- Na~ionals willingly accepting in- ments and adequate appropriacreasmg responsibility for work tions urgently needed and call for but urgently asking for more train- the earnest prayers of the home ing. All churches in South Siam Church.-Rev. T. E. Barber.

Presbytery united in supporting Guatemala Sends Greetings work in East Siam.-Rev. Herbert Lord's work advances spite erup- W. Stewart. tion, earthquakes, drought, finan- Pray for Japan's Spiritual Advance cial crisis, revolution. Believers Hokkaido, Japan, a land of un- growing in grace, volunteer servlimited opportunities for Christ. ice, giving. Marvelous opportuni- Cities of over 60,000 and 70,000 ties. Force undermanned. Mediwith no resident foreigner demand cal work extended to unserved dismission~ries immediately. North- tricts. Home needed to replace ern Star Girls' School, with every shack for missionaries at boys' teacher a Christian, had over school. New school building Queeighty baptisms last year. You at zaltenango great asset. Praise, home please study, pray and give pray, sustain budget, send best that Japan may advance spiritu- young people.-Rev. L. P. Sullenally as she has materially.-Rev. berger. Leo C. Lake. :Brazil Plans Expansion Venezuela Asks Open Door Presbyterian Missions in Brazil have produced one of strongest National Church and Mission national churches in the world, carrying on in spite of exclusion but vast interior regions still un- of foreign clergy. We unitedly touched by Gospel. Missions plan- ask interest and help in forward ning expansion Amazon Basin movement in Venezuela. Remem- and Indians Upper Xingu. More ber our building program in your prayer, money and reinforcements offerings. Pray for deepened spir- from home churches urgently itual life for Venezuela Church and needed for advance. Confident that God may open way for en- you will not fail us.-Rev. Philip trance of much-needed mission- S. Landes.

aries.-Rev. C. A. Phillips. From West Africa Colombian Government Sympathetic To the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.: Much progress is being New Colombian government by made in the old fields of Cameroun fair election is sympathetic to all and fine opportunities are opening our work. Great opportunities for in unoccupied or partially occupied the spread of the Gospel. Young regions. The church here is men and women offering them- marching forward and no insurselves for service require prepara- mountable obstacles are visible. tion. Critical financial crisis causes Continued support is urgently much distress. Schools greatly in- needed to man properly the line • From the PresblftPT-ian IVorld New8. of occupation.-Rev. R. H. Evans.

354

'J'HE WORLD CONGRESS {W CHRISTIAK }lISSIONS AT

WORLD MISSIONS AT CHATTANOOGA The Story of the Notable CO'/1,gress Held in Tennessee BY DAVID M. SWEETS, Louisville, Kentucky Ewit(lr of The Cltr~N«-'H Observer ; BOUT 1,800 registered dele- the report. The Findings Commit- tee brought in its report at the last £". gates attended the Congress session.

on World Missions in Chat- Great enthusiasm was manitanooga in addition to several hun- fested by those attending the Condred unofficial delegates and visi- gress. tors. The large auditorium, with a seating capacity of over 5,009 Dr. J. P. McCallie, of Chattapersons, was comfortably filled at nooga, and the local committee on the night meetings. A magnificent arrangements had made adequate pageant was presented by repre- preparation for the comfort and sentatives of the Chattanooga convenience of all the delegates. churches, portraying the seventy The program had been carefully years of missionary work of the prepared under the direction of Dr. Presbyterian Church in the United C. Darby Fulton. States. Rev. James 1. Vance, D.D., chair- Each afternoon, one of the re- man of the Executive Committee ports* of the six commissions ap- of Foreign Missions, at the openpointed a year ago was read and ing session outlined the task of the immediately the Congress divided church as follows: up into thirty groups-ten in the Men's Division, ten in the Women's Has the church of the twentieth Division, and ten in the Young Peo- century enough character for its task? ple's Division-for discussion of Can it shake off its entanglements with politics, with industry and capi- • The reports of tile Commissions were pub· tal, with civic reforms and credal big- otries, and emancipate itself for its ~~s~ege i~e:u~;~kfo~f i5"2cfnat~e~y c~;1t'n~f t,;h~~~ supreme undertaking which is spir- itual? Can it clothe itself with salva- ~30~1~:;.h~li~,m¥:~~,.of Foreign Missions, Box 355

tion, and flaming with a new passion OOO,OQ() in the next eighteen for Calvary, and bearing the marks of months."

the Cross in its hands and feet, get Dr. James Endicott gave a conto its work? We are here to see. This vincing address, proving that for- Congress will mean next to nothing eign missions is of the very warp unless there issues from it a church and woof of the New Testament. born again, The report of Commission I, of The opening address of the Con- which Dr. Walter L. Lingle was gress was made by Rev. Mark A. chairman, contained the following Matthews, D.D., pastor of the First section on "Missionary Obligation Presbyterian church of Seattle. He and Motive": asserted that the answer to the question, "Why is not our ;cphrch Christ the Only. Foundation more interested in contributing In dealing with the obligations of its ,mdney and its sons and daugh- the Christian church to carry the Gos- ters to missionary work?" was to pel to the nonChristian lands we are be found in the fact that "there touching the crux of the whole prob- are 63,000,000 pagans in America, lem today. Why is it that the interest and it is harder to bring American in foreign missions is everywhere lagpagans to Christ than it is to con- ging and that gifts are faIling off? It is because the Chri·stian people are vert the heathen ….. . no longer gipped by a burning con- "I am standing on the terms of viction that men everywhere are lost without Christ. The sense of urgency, command and by the authority of of immediate danger, of a crisis in Christ, who is absolute in power salvation has largely disappeared. in heaven and earth. Christ is the Many of our preachers no longer only incarnation; there never has been one before and there never preach as dying men to dying men.

will be another. That doctrine Our forefathers believed that men would change America today in everywhere without Christ were in imminent danger of facing the wrath fifteen minutes if the materialistic .of God. Our modern world has largely crowd who are hoarding the wealth lost this urgent note in salvation. We need to restore it. We need to learn would realize it." that we are in danger not only of the Contributions to mission have wrath of God hereafter, but that here and now a world without Christ faces been decreased because "we have immediate disaster in its economic, been spending our money on our- social and international relationships. selves," Dr. Matthews said.

"The organized forces of the antichrist are doing more today to Our age is not primarily interested in weaken the arm of Christianity what it conceives to be a mere figment and to thwart its aim than ever of the theological imagination, but it before," he declared. "Communis- is vitally concerned in present losses tic theories and policies are sweep- and disasters. It is this loss of a ing the world. One billion four mighty conviction about salvation and hundred million people yet unsaved of both a present and a future disaster are lying out before us, presenting to the soul and to modern civilization a field white for the harvest. If without Christ that has cut the nerve Christians were to do the hand- of missionary obligation and enthusi- asm. picked personal work that was What has destroyed this burning done in the first century of the conviction that the nonChristian world church we could touch those 1,400,- is lost without Christ? The problem

1931J WORLD MISSIONS AT CHATTANOOGA

here is very little different on the for- Jesus Christ. He loved us and gave eign field from what it is at home. Himself for us. All that we are to- The disease has only come to a head day, and all that we hope to be through a little more quickly on the frontier the eternal age·s to come we owe to lines. What has destroyed the Chris- Him. He wants us to tell all the world tian conviction both at home and the story of His redeeming love. He abroad is the rising tide of secularism. has made His heart's desire known to This, more than the heathen religions, us in many ways. He has even com- is the subtle foe that we must meet manded us to go and preach the Gos- abroad. In fact, the heathen religions pel to every creature. His love should are being undermined by this same be a constraining motive. His com- naturalism ….. . mand should be final with those who At one time all departments of hu- love Him. We have a longing to be man endeavor were built on a churchly Christ-like. If we really want to be foundation. But, one by one, each has like Him, we must share His desire asserted its independence of ecclesi- that all men should be saved ….. . astical control and built its superstructure anew on Ii basis of pure God's ideal for the individual is that naturalism …… Science was once a he should become perfectly like Jesus child of the church; but she has raised Christ. "Whom He did foreknow them the standard 'of revolt, and desires not did He also predestinate to be cononly to rule her own household with- formed to the image of His Son." out outside help, but also to build all His ideal for the world is that it moral and spiritual values on a secu- should become perfectly like heaven. lar foundation. Today the new reli- "Thy Kingdom come. Thy will be gion of Humanism would do without done on earth as it is in heaven." ….. the church, her sacraments and her These ideals can be realized only as supernatural revelation. Such is the men everywhere learn to know and revolt of secularism. It is Christian- love the Christ, and crown Him Lord ity's greatest enemy both at home and of all in their lives ….. . abroad. It has largely taken the nerve out of missionary obligation to a lost An appealing statement was made and dying world. by the Jerusalem Council: Since Christ is the motive, the end of Chris- If this abiding missionary convic- tian missions fits in with that motive. tion and obligation is to be restored, Its end is nothing Jess than the prothen we must show to the world, both duction of Christ-like character in inat home and abYoad, that personality dividuals and societies and nations and modern civilization will perish un- through faith and fellowship with less they are built upon the Rock Christ, the living Saviour, and through Christ Jesus. For other foundati~n corporate sharing of life in a divine can no man lay-not science, philoso- society. Christ is our motive and phy, secularism or humanism-than Chri·st is our end. We must give noththat is laid, which is Jesus Christ. We ing less, and we can give nothing more.

need to show to the world anew the Dr. S. M. Zwemer gave an admeaning of sin both in its individual and in its social aspects, to make clear dress in which he said that the that all secular foundations for the church has lost its sense of the ursoul and for society will ultimately gency of missions, its sense of the fail, to present attractively and con- adequacy of the Gospel and its vincingly the unchanging Christ as sense of the supremacy of Christ. the solution of the world's problems, and as bringing salvation both here Two gripping messages were brought by Dr. Robert E. Speer.

and hereafter. In one he dwelt particularly on the We are under eternal obligation to present day objections that are be-

ing advanced, without and within and who are groping around for the church, concerning foreign mis- the new. sions-objections no different from those which the first Christian had The scope of the Congress can to confront. be seen from the subjects assigned to the six Commissions that pre- In another address he said : "We pared and presented comprehenare facing the same problems with sive reports as follows: which Christianity was confronted at its beginning-problems dealing I. The Missionary Message and with the destiny of the human soul, Obligation-Christianity and the Nonthe personality of Jesus and the Christian Religions. Rev. W. L. relationship of Christianity with Lingle, D.D., chairman. the other religions of the world. The relationship of religion to the II. The Foreign Field-Our Misstate, to politics, to war, to mar- sionary Responsibility. Rev. D. W. riage and to citizenship, also is the Richardson, D.D., chairman. problem of Christianity now as in the beginning." III. The Church at Home-How Can It Meet This Responsibility? Dr. Speer referred to fallacious Rev. H. W. DuBose, D.D., chairman. educational ideas and said: "An idea has been evolved that educa- IV. The Pastor and Missions-His tion must not transmit anything, Place of Leadership. Rev. Wm. M. but must be evocative. We are told Anderson," D.D., chairman. that the experience of mankind in all the years of its existence must V. The Offering of Possessionsnot be transmitted through educa- Adequately Financing the Enterprise. tion. Are we to refrain from teach- Rev. A. S. Johnson, D.D., chairman. ing a language to children until they become eighteen, so that they V. The Offering of Life-The will be able to choose what lan- Missionary Recruits, Past, Present guage they shall learn? Must and Future. Rev. W. Taliaferro everyone start at the beginning of Thompson, D.D., chairman. the human race and learn all its experiences for himself? The Findings things that in the past twenty years the antichristian forces have The facts set forth in the report been attacking are the secondary of Commission I on "The Missionagencies of the church, which we ary Message and Obligation" conhad been told were what the world stitute a ringing appeal to the wanted-the schools and the hos- church. pitals. The need of the world for Jesus "It is sad to see men tearing is as great today as it was when down the old gods before they have He ascended the Cross on Calvary. found the true God, but it gives the The imperative of the Great Com- Christian church an opportunity to mission, "Go ye into all the world replace the old half truths with the and preach the Gospel to every full truth of the living God. The creature," has lost none of its old fanaticisms are dying down, force. He is still saying, "If ye and all over the world one sees men love me, keep my commandments," who have forsaken the old gods "As the Father hath sent me, even so send I you."

In dealing with the obligation of the Christian church to carry the Gospel to the nonChristian lands we are touching the crux of the whole problem today. Why is it that the interest in foreign mis-

WORLD MISSIONS AT CHATTANOOGA

sions is everywhere lagging and more be placed upon the native that gifts are falling off? It is be- church for support and direction.

cause the Christian people are no Schools which are only secondary longer gripped by a burning con- should not be continued. Recog- viction that men everywhere are nizing the evangelistic value of lost without Christ. these institutions, however, we be- The sense of urgency, of imme- lieve that the church should be diate danger, of a crisis in salva- slow to adopt a policy of establish- tion, has largely disappeared. ing no more schools and hospitals, Many of our preachers no longer but should at present strengthen preach as dying men to dying men. those in existence and be guided Our forefathers believed that men by conditions on the fields in fu- everywhere without Christ were in ture policy.

imminent danger of facing the It should be our missi()nary pro- wrath of God. Our modern world gram to develop in all our fields has largely lost this urgent note self-supporting, self-governing, and in salvation. We need to restore self-propagating native churches, it …… We need to show to the and the church at home should world anew the meaning of sin, supply all that is necessary to real- both in its individual and in its ize this end.

social aspect's, to make clear that To meet these needs there shOUld all secular foundations for the soul be an increase both in missionary and for society will ultimately fail, force and financial support. The to present attractively and con- commission estimates that a twen- vincingly the unchanging Christ ty per cent increase in number of as the solution of the world's prob- missionaries during the next ten lems and as bringing salvation both or fifteen years and an annual in- here and hereafter. crease of five per cent in mission- Our church has not undertaken ery offerings during the same too great a missionary task, and period seems to be a reasonable that we should press on to its com- estimate.

pletion as rapidly as the church Under the guidance of God a furnishes the means for advance. call should be made to all churches Conditions in the world and on our for confession of our inadequate mission fields emphasize the ur- faith, and of our lack of genuine gency of the task and call the self-denial and of devotion to our church to renewed energy and con- Lord and to His service …… The centration to the task. budget should be considered the The effective accomplishment of minimum and that churches should our missionary task means that we be called upon for additional spe- should first establish and strength- cial sacrificial gifts to meet the en the work already under way, great needs of the world as the op- then press on as rapidly as pos- portunityoffers.

sible into unoccupied areas. Direct We strongly endorse the grow- evangelistic work should be ing practice of schools of missions stressed. Institutional work, as and missionary libraries in the represented by scho()ls and hospi- Church, and we especially com- tals should be made subordinate mend schools of missions for men.

and contributory to the evangelistic We believe that there should be objective. They should more and worked Ol,lt some original plan for

the education of the Church in all sound physical condition in order its causes ….. . that the percentage of return be lessened. In the period of prep- The appeal for foreign mission aration, they be encouraged to culsupport should be grounded more tivate a balanced mental attitude largely in a portrayal of the tri- toward life, including participaumphs of the Gospel of Christ and tion in recreational activities, and that the note of defeatism should the cultivation of necessary periods not be so often sounded. of relaxation from their work. They should also be men and wom- The Pastor and Missions en of good general ability. Above all, a missionary must have a sound The pastor, being the divinely moral character and an intense deappointed overseer of the individ- votion for the Master. ual church and the recognized key to all forward movements, should In addition to trying to make the assume the responsibility of mis- missionary spirit permeate all our sionary leadership. It is the judg- homes and institutions, the Church ment of the groups that the pas- has the right to call to particular tor's leadership in missions can be fields such representatives as are made more effective if elders, dea- deemed suitable and desirable. The cons and members of our churches Church through its Foreign Miswould recognize and assume their sion Committee should have the Christ – appointed obligation to power to call a man or woman to a carry out the purpose and program field, but that individual must in of the Great Commission. How- no way be constrained beyond ever, the missionary enthusiasm in what he interprets to be the call of any church, including officers and God to that work. This is not to members, is almost directly pro- be construed to discourage volunportionate to the faithfulness and teering for the field. effectiveness with which the pastor gives missionary information and Our missionary representatives inspiration. should receive the best possible training before being sent out: It There should be greater em- was emphasized again and again phasis on consecration of self and that this training should begin in means, through leadership by pre- Christian homes. This training cept and example of pastor and should, if possible, include the obofficers of every church with firm taining of a college degree because conviction that the tithe is a debt of the necessity for recognition on to the Lord and that gifts come the foreign field. However, the afterward. main emphasis in training should be to secure a real spiritual experi- The Offering of Life ence in the candidate, since the Congress finds the main motive for Missionaries are wanted and are securing, training and sending out needed, and are being sent out to- or going as missionaries "the need day, but that there is a particular and sacrifice of Christ:' need for securing the very best possible type of men and women. These missionaries should be of

IS YOUR BIRTHDAY?

Birthday Bands and Their Remarkable World Wide Mission " H BY EMMA BELLE D. PIERSON, Montclair, New Jersey AVE you ever heard of the Gather Up the Fragments. The most remarkable mission- happy company of 6,000 donors ary enterprise in the now belonging to this Band sent world?" last year over £1300 ($6,500) in This question by a Christian lay- thank offerings of birthday shil- man in Australia was interjected lings.

into a conversation as we sat on a They work through existing mishillside overlooking the city of sionary organizations, helping mis- Brisbane, Queensland. The super- sionaries in tight places when there lative adjective caught our atten- is no money available to meet tion. Then he told us a story of a some peculiarly urgent need. Last world-wide ministry founded by a year the gifts touched twenty-four missionary minded mother and an different countries, supported impressionable lad in Australia twenty-six native Christians, ac- who became interested in working tive messengers for Christ to their and saving and giving to educate own people, and kept in Christian a boy in India. It was in the days homes and schools forty-five boys of paper shaving balls, and the and girls who had been rescued son's willing little hands made doz- from opium dens, idol temples and ens and dozens of these balls and slavery of all kinds. The original sold them, sending a goodly sum Band has increased to eighty-four, on his birthday each year to India with eighty-four prayerful volun- to educate his little brown skinned teer secretaries who send personal brother in a Christian school. Then greetings and missionaries news- the World War came and took this letters to each member as each earnest young Australian boy, birthday comes around. The sec- whose life might have been spent retary's other joyful duty is to for- in the service of Christ in the mis- ward to the central office the "love sion field. The bereaved mother gifts" that come in response to conceived the thought of perpetu- these greetings. There are no paid ating his work, by forming a Mis- officers, (postage stamps are al- sionary Birthday Band to which most their only over-head ex- everyone having a birthday might penses), but such real links are be eligible. being forged between the givers There are missionary enterprises and the needy in far off mission you can visit and see, there are lands that the work is an effective others you cannot. No buildings education.

of stone, no elaborate organiza- One outgrowth from this Mis- tions represent them at home or sionary Birthday Band is as interon the field, but they are neverthe- esting as the Band itself. One less truly adventures for God in member, a retired missionary from the realm of service. Such is the China, appreciating the cheery Missionary Birthday Band formed birthday letter received with news twelve years ago, with the motto: of the one his love gift was help- 361

ing, thought of a bedridden friend little widows who are proteges.

whom he might enroll and thus We stopped at desolate Thursday bring a new outside interest into Island where a tiny girl named his life. The invalid was Mr. Rob- "Little Lovely" is being educated ert A. Byers of Melbourne, for for God's service, enduring there thirty years a helpless paralytic, the hottest average temperature in tc tally blind and partially deaf, and all the world. In the Kwato Mis- hopelessly lock-jawed. With the sion, Papua, we saw how the gifts first birthday greeting to this inva- of the Band are being multiplied lid came a booklet telling of a little a hundredfold in the hands of the blind orphan in India whom the devoted missionaries. In Sydney Band was helping. As a visiting we met Miss Florence Young of friend read to him the story the the Solomon Islands Mission and blind paralytic was filled with a heard of several fine Christian boys longing to do something for the who are being cared for by big countless number of friendless brothers of the Band. In Kobe, blind folk the world over. He spoke Japan, we saw dear old Mrs. Jo to ten friends who joined the who carries on her work for des- Birthday Mission Band, they in pairing women; and in Shanghai turn became leaders of other bands, we visited the Door of Hope, that and eight years later this bedrid- haven for ill-treated child wives den Christian formed his birthday and street girls. All these count the Mission Band into a Mission to the Birthday Bands among their help- Blind, ministering in Bible lands ful friends.

and Far East. When God called Considering the distant out· this brave sufferer to higher serv- reaches of the Band, there is a reice four years ago, the mission in markable family feeling, a touch its seven years had raised over $21,000 and was supporting eight between the needy children and the blind evangelists, five blind Bible parent organization so close that women, and eighty sightless chil- the children themselves show in- terest in each other. Last year the dren, besides publishing Braille blind girls in China felt concern literature in many lands. for the leper children in India and Probably one secret of the suc- undertook to weave a bale of cloth cess of the Birthday Mission Band for them.

lies in its large number of organ- Mr. Byers, founder of the misized prayful volunteer workers. sion to the blind, has been called There is an immense amount of home and ill health has caused Mrs. work entailed in keeping track of Garrett, the mother of the Birthsix thousand birthdays and sup- day Mission Band, to withdraw plying tid-bits of missionary infor- from active service, but friends mation to keep alive a desire to will not permit the rare and lovely cooperate further. work to droop and fade for lack of watering with prayers and gen- On our recent missionary tour we visited several places where the erous gifts. * Band has a loving interest in the work. The Ramabai Mission, near • Jj"or fu['thcl' information write to lIr. W .

Poona, India, includes one or two .J. Tunlpy. 26 Brisbane Arcade, Brisbane, QueellslllllQ.

FORWARD MOVEMENT IN

BY THE REV. DONALD FRASER, D.D., Edinburgh, Scotland T HE leaders of the newly show a Christ-like character, and united Church of Scotland attract to Him the million souls in believe that this Church has our own land who are without the now an unrivalled opportunity for Church. influencing the life of Scotland and of the whole world. Since the "The world overseas needs that Union wherever the Church is at we do so. In these days of rapid work there is a spirit of expect- change, when the forces of science, ancy that a forward movement, commerce and nationality are so with a great spiritual dynamic, profoundly influencing the world, will be undertaken by all depart- we who have most to give to shape ments at home and abroad. and guide the nations must see to it that these forces are permeated Such a forward movement has by the spirit of Jesus Christ.

been started and the preliminary "We thank God for all the ac- announcement says: tive efforts of the Church today to "We have the instruments ready overtake its task, yet we must for such a movement. We have a recognize that we have not yet Gospel of the crucified and living proved our adequacy for the enor- Lord, which centuries have proved mous undertakings to which we to be the greatest regenerative are committed. The proposed Formessage of the world. We have ward Movement is a plan by which organizations formed to meet the we may draw more fully upon our needs of the age and to carry this immense resources, by making ourmessage to all classes and races of selves more aware of the task to men. We have our own personali- which we are summoned, and the ties which, if dedicated to the power available to accomplish it.

Kingdom of God, can provide the "The method we would use is to service of men, money and prayer, issue a carefully considered Call to which will make these organiza- the whole Church. This we are tions freely active. preparing through commissions which are reviewing our respon- "What more is required? Only sibilities, and commitments and that the Church should now claim what response these demand of us. and draw upon the unlimited re- The result of their study will be sources of power which are in her embodied in a volume which will membership, and in God the Holy take the form of 'A Call to the Spirit. Service of the Kingdom.' The Call will be conveyed to the Church by "Scotland needs that we do so. a Congress to be held in Glasgow, Our religious habits and faith are October 26 to 30, 1931, at which apt to be merely a heritage from 2,000 to 3,000 delegates from all the past. They must become our the Presbyteries in Scotland will own through deep religious con- be present. Thereafter it has victions, till Christ the Lord of all been suggested that provincial con- Life, so triumphs in our personal gresses of shorter duration should and social life and controls all our relationships, that the Church shall 363

be held. These will be followed by bring definitely before the various a series of Missions of the King- meetings of their Church the purdom from town to town, and Pres- pose and value of the Forward bytery to Presbytery, when there Movement. will be presented to the Church and the whole community the call "Our hope lies in the spirit of to personal and congregational prayer which may be roused and dedication to Christ and the serv- maintained throughout the Church. ice of His Kingdom. In addition We would have the preparation of to, and in preparation for these the Call so directed by the prayers more local efforts, directed and of the Church that when it appears, prayerful study of the Call in the and is conveyed to the Congress at congregations will be essential, in Glasgow, it shall be as the voice of order to reap the maximum of ben- God to His Church. efit and stimulus. "We ask that in the pUlpit serv- "Meanwhile it is necessary that ices, and in all meetings of the a spirit of expectation and of congregation prayers may go unprayer he created and nurtured. ceasingly to God. We suggest that Already many forms of a forward prayer groups should be formed of movement are visible. In some those who shall study the. pamcases it appears in a house to house phlets and pray for the Holy Spirvisitation, which has now become more possible under a plan of ter- it, and that in the family and in ritorial responsibility: in others private devotions the Call and the in united evangelistic services, and Congress he remembered. in meetings for the quickening of spiritual life. "If all bear their part in creat- ing and stimulating this atmos- "A series of papers dealing with phere of prayer and expectation, the Church's task, its message, and we shall see such a Forward Movethe Divine Power necessary, will ment as will change Scotland, and be circulated first to ministers, and influence the whole world." afterwards to the public. Their object is to enable ministers to Are there not valuable sugges- tions here for a world-wide spir- itual revival in every Church and in every land?

THE CHURCH IN A CHANGED WORLD The Church today finds itself in a vastly different world from the one of a few years ago. Modern discoveries, new inventions, the scientific spirit, and the enlarged knowledge of the world in all its aspects have had their effect not only on the world in general but especially on religion and the work of the Church. New problems and new difficulties stand in her path. The whole world has been changed. Mission lands have also felt this impact and, although backward and static for centuries, are now changing rapidly, giving the Church the opportunity of laying Christian principles in the foundations of the new nations that seem destined to exert a mighty influence on the whole family of nations….. .

The world has changed, but the outstanding human needs remain as of yore. The world is poor, and sick, and ignorant, and sinful. Man needs a God who is Christ-like and who makes Christ·like men. The Church knows that God. She has that kind of men. The Church is the human agent by which men may come to iknow Jesus Christ, and may be led into that transformed Life.

-C. H. STAUFFACHER in The Evo.,ngelico.,/ Messenger.

Much Is a Missionary to less than one half its normal

VVorth? Chinese workers are paid in this de- preciated currency and suffer hard- Who can rightly estimate the worth ship from the present higher prices.

of a man-as a unit in society, as a Most missionaries are paid in foreign laborer, as a leader of men, as a fa- currency (gold) and receive the bene- ther, as a prophet of God? In some fit of present exchange rates. (One parts of the world a man's life is gold dollar now buys $4.50 in Chinese worth less than that of a beast-even donars in place of $2.00 at the normal before the law. On the other hand, rate.) If missionaries are paid a fixed some officers of the Bethlehem Steel rate in Chinese dollars they suffer Corporation have received over one when paying foreign obligations in million dollars a year each as a bonus gold.

in addition to salaries. The ground The general cost of living in most on which these huge payments were mission lands has advanced from 25 made was the value of these men from to 100 per cent. Since more responsi- a business point of view. The worth bilities are being placed in the hands of some men and women cannot be of the Nationals in these mission estimated in dollars and "they are fields, they are being taken into the not for sale." councils of the missions and have a Questions have been raised in for- voice in the allocation of mission eign fields and even in home circles funds. Some of them complain of a in regard to salaries paid to mission- lack of Christian justice in the dis- aries and secretaries of some mission tribution of the funds available. They boards. Some clergymen in small par- claim that since all Christians of ishes, with salaries of $500 to $1,500 whatever race are brothers, they a year on which to care for large fam- should share either poverty or wealth mes, look critically on the salaries of with fellow servants of Christ. The from $10,000 to $15,000 a year paid trouble is accentuated in fields where to pastors of wealthy city churches, students have been sent to America even where they have no large family for study, have become accustomed to to support. Self-sacrificing givers to American standards of living and on mission funds sometimes question the return to their home lands have been payment of comparatively large sal- asked to accept service in a mission aries to secretaries and treasurers of with the salary of a native worker. boards supported by these gifts. One They are not ready to return to the mission board at home will pay two standard of living they accepted be- to three times the salary paid to a fore going abroad. This issue has similar officer in another board. become accute in the Peking Union From China and other mission fields Medical College-which is not truly similar questions are raised as to sal- a mission institution and where the aries. Chinese Christian workers, policy is to replace foreign doctors with large families and small incomes and teachers with Chinese. The col- ask why missionaries should receive lege has felt it necessary to offer salaries four to five times as large. high salaries in competition with uni- The problem is aggravated by the fact versities abroad. Naturally the dis- that Chinese currency has depreciated parity between such salaries and those 365

paid to both Chinese and foreigners these plans seem to be impractical for by mission hospitals is very great. If general adoption. If God calls a Chris- Chinese mission doctors, trained in tian, like D. L. Moody or George MUl- Peking or abroad, are paid large sal- ler, to live and work without a definite aries what shall be done about the and regular salary or promised insalaries of equally well trained pro- come then He will provide for his fessors in mission colleges and pas- needs. tors of mission churches? Many Chine.se are adopting the western slo- Noone can estimate what a Godgan "Equal pay for equal work"-at called mission secretary, missionary least in proportion to living expenses. or other Christian worker is worth. Value is not measured in dollars, or Obviously the raising of the sal- we might estimate what a man should aries of nationals in various fields to be willing to take in exchange for his equal or practically equal the mis.sion- soul. Some of the practical Christian aries' salaries from foreign funds principles are however involved in dewould be impossible from the funds termining the salary basis for Chrisavailable, and foreigners' salaries tian service. could not be reduced to the standard of native workers without endanger- 1. The income for living expenses, ing health and life itself. from whatever source or sources, should be based on actual needs-for Most missionaries have no inde- health, progress, effective service and pendent resources. Experience has family responsibilities. On this basis taught that they require enough in- salaries should be adjusted to circumcome to enable them to live so that stances; those with independent inhealth may be preserved in a foreign comes would accept proportionately environment; so that they may have less-a,s some do. occasional furloughs at home and periods of recuperation; so that their 2. No missionary worker-at home children may be properly educated and or abroad-living on mission funds is so that they may be relieved of many justified in luxurious spending-or responsibilities that interfere with living on a scale that hinders testitheir mission work. A foreigner can- mony or shows a lack of Christ-like not, as a rule, live as cheaply as a na- self-sacri5.ce in the interest of His tional and maintain efficiency. Kingdom. There is a great divergence in the scale of living among mission- Foreign and Native Workers aries, even in the same field, but we are convinced that most missionaries We return to the question-How live sacrificially. As at home, so much is a man worth? How much is abroad, some Christians do not know a missionary worth? How large a the meaning of the word sacrifice, essalary should be paid for Christian pecially in physical comforts. service? What should be the ratio of salaries paid to foreign and native 3. Christian testimony and efficient workers; and to whom should native spiritual service are of first impor- Christian workers look for their liv- tance. These come before the probing expenses? lems of saving expen.se in travel, in servants, in equipment or in rest pe- It might be ideal if every Christian riods. But spiritual efficiency and could follow the Apostle Paul's exam- fruitage in service are fortunately or ple and be self-supporting while carry- unfortunately not in proportion to the ing on their mission or if they could, money spent on salaries or equipment. like Christ Himself, live on the hos- These depend on the spiritual life and pitality and free will offerings of those power. who sympathize with His mi.ssion. Some Christian workers are able to 4. To bring the churches on the do this but in this complex age both of mission fields to independence or to dependence on God their eyes must

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

be turned away from America as their Much progress has been made almoner. The sooner these national through the first Round Table Con- workers can receive their support ference and the agreement between from their own people the better it Mr. Gandhi and Lord Irwin. Now the will be. This will not hinder their All-India National Congress has met securing help according to their need at Karachi and Mahatma Gandhi has from fellow Christians in any land. shown his strength by winning the In the days of famine or other troubles delegates over to acceptance of his it is a privilege for Christians to bear constitutional program. He calls not one anothers burdens. It is important, only for Indian political independence however, not to encourage a standard but for the control of the Indian army, of living above what is possible or the national finances, the management desirable for the majority in a given of foreign affair.s and demands com- locality and not to pauperize Chris- mercial and social equality with the tian workers by making them depend- British. He still stands for nonvio- ent on foreign contributions. It is lence and passive resistance. By vote not healthy for a man to feel inde- of the Congres.s, Mr. Gandhi demands pendent of God. a constitution containing the follow- In the early days of missionary ef- ing twenty-four articles: fort, the heroic Christlike self-denial 1. Freedom of association and combiand self-sacrifice of missionaries like Paton, Gih~our, Judson and Hudson nation. Taylor, had a great effect on the 2. Freedom of speech and press. 3. Freedom of conscience and free pro- Church at home and on the natives to whom they witnessed. The same prin- fession and practice of religion. ciple holds good today-for it follows 4. No disability to attach to any perthe example set by Christ Himself. son by reason of religion, caste or creed regarding public employment in office of power or in any trade or calling.

5. Equal rights and obligations of all citizens, with no civic bar on account of India's Demand for Freedom sex.

6. Equal rights of all citizens in use Liberty and independence are quite of public roads, public wells and public distinct. A boy may, like the Prodi- resorts. gal Son, demand and secure independ- 7. The right to keep and bear arms ence only to become a slave. The Philippines might gain independence in accordance with such regulations as of America only to enter a period of may be required for public safety. economic slavery, civil strife or to become the prey of pirates and bandits. 8. Religious neutrality on the part of The most complete liberty is often en- the state. joyed in conjunction with economic and political dependence. As a mat- 9. A living wage for industrial workter of fact, none of us are in reality ers, limited hours of labor, healthy conindependent. Human relations are ditions for work, and protection against too closely intertwined and all are de- economic consequences of old age, sickpendent on God and His laws. ness and unemployment.

In India many radicals desire com- 10. Labor to be freed from conditions plete political independence, even of serfdom. though this may involve "financial and economic ruin and social slavery for 11. Protection of women workers, with multitudes. True Indian statesmen adequate provisions for leave during madesire only such freedom from im- ternity periods. posed control as will give liberty and promote national and racial progress. 12. Prohibition against employment of This liberty Great Britain is ready children of school age in factories.

to grant. 13. Right of labor to form unions. 14. Substantial reduction of land rev- enue and rents. 15. Adult suffrage.

16. Free primary education.

17. Military expenditures cut in half. 18. Civil department expenditures and salaries to be substantially reduced, with no state servant to be paid over the In- dian equivalent of $200 monthly. 19. Protection of native cloth by ex- clusion of foreia-n cloth and foreign yarn.

20. Total prohibition of intoxicating Hindus; a way to uplift the masses drinks and drugs. of India's outcastes; the release of 21. No duty on salt. women from the purdah; laws to pro- 22. Regulation of the exchange ratio tect children; the abolition of obso as to help Indian industries. scenities from religious temples and 23. Control by the state of key indus- rites; greater protection against epitries and mineral resources. demic·s due to temple tanks and lack 24. Control of usury, direct or indirect. of sanitation; and full religious lib- The congress adopted additional res- erty, so far as it is in harmony with olutions deploring the recent communal justice, and morality and does not inriots in Cawnpore and other cities, urg- terfere with the welfare of individuals ing that the northwest frontier province or subvert the authority of the' State. have the same form of government as other provinces; condemning the "for- Encouragement in Cbina ward" policy of the British in the northwest territory; advocating intensifica- In spite of many difficulties the Chition of the picketing of stores sellin~ nese National Government is makforeign goods; appealing to the govern- ing progress. One of the most ments of South Africa and East Africa encouraging signs is the recent acto give Indian settlers in those countries knowledgment of the failures and the same measure of justice they wouI!1 sins of prominent government leaders. claim for their own nationals in -a "Free They are ready to "lose face" to save India," and urging the right of Burma the country. A cable message to the to claim separation from India or to re- New York Times reports: "The fourth main an autonomous partner without plenary session of the Central Execuinterference from the British Govern- tive Committee of the Kuomintang ment. . party reported astonishing public con- fessions of nepotism, corruption, tyr- The justice and advantage of most anny and other abuses, together with of these demands is readily admitted admonitions and orders that there so that they should enli.st the support must be a basic reform in the conduct of every lover of India. Some of the of the government and of the party articles do away with ca~te restric- organization. From General Chiang tions (articles 4, 5, 6 and 10). Others, Kai-shek down, the Nanking leaders if observed, will radically change the made speeches and issued manifestoes religious .situation, will stop persecu- denouncing the failure of the Kuomintion and give protection to these who tang, as an organization, to carry out wish to be baptized as Christians (ar- the principles upon which it was ticles 3, 4, and 8). There are provi- founded. Dire threats of punishment sions against intoxicants and drugs were made against those who in the and to provide for free primary edu- future betray public trusts. cation. Nothing is included, however, to prohibit child marriage and polyg- "General Chiang Kai-shek, at a meamy, or to promote social purity. It morial service for Dr. Sun Yat-sen, is thought that Great Britain will es- made the following admissions: pecially object to the reduction of the army, the curtailment of official sal- " 'The Manchus were overthrown bearies, and the giving to the State full cause they constituted a special caste. control of key industries. But it is a But now we who staged the revolution much easier matter to put provisions for the overthrow of the Manchus into the Constitution than to put them have ourselves come to be regarded into practice. People must be edu- by the people as a privileged caste. cated to enjoy liberty or it becomes They are now cherishing toward us unwholesome license. True personal the same hatred and repugnance with freedom does not interfere with the which they looked upon the Manchus. rights of others. " 'It is all of us party members who There is world-wide interest in In- are responsible for the virulence of dia's struggle for self-government but no lasting peace or true prosperity can come until a remedy is found for_ the antagonism between Moslems and

the Communist menace in this coun- Kai-shek, as acting Minister of Edu- try. The fact that the Communists are cation, is now approaching Chinese rife bears witness to the weakness of Christian leaders to discover their the Kuomintang. That the Kuomin- view of what religious liberty would tang members should have failed to involve in Education.

prevent the people from supporting communism in certain places consti- Home Mission Convictions tutes perhaps the most serious dis- I have just returned from a month's work in the western states deeply imgrace of the party.' . pressed with the importance and value of national missions. This experience "The manner in which the Nanking has deepened in me the following conleaders are facing their tremendous victions: First, the value and imperaproblems is arousing in China a con- tive necessity of national missions; siderable measure of admiration and second, the invaluable service national approval. Even Chinese and foreign missions is rendering today· to the naobservers who have been unsparing tion; third, the increasing demand for in their criticisms of the Nanking wise and efficient Christian leadership; Government now admit that there is fourth, the absolute necessity of evidence of a new sincedty of pur- hearty cooperation on the part of the pose among the leaders. churches and other allied organiza- tions, presbyteries and presbyterials, "The Kuomintang's unpopularity synods and synodicals, headqua :ters with the masses has arisen from facts staff and field staff. There is no subnow frankly admitted by the Nanking stitute for cooperation in promoting leaders-namely, that local city and national missions. provincial Kuomintang organizations have 'insolently usurped power' and The "ambassadors of Christ" are the interfe:ed with civil and even military pioneers of our national progress, the administration. creator-s of our national ideals, the builders of our national institutions, "The Central Executive Committee the inspiration of our national spirit, now proposes a rigid control over the and the incarnation of our national activities of the Kuomintang and faith. They, more than any other men warns the local party organization to in the nation, are converting the spirit confine their efforts and activities to of suspicion into the spirit of faith, educating the people and not to med- the spirit of greed into the spirit of dling with politics or government in the future.

"Reform proposals formally adopted at Nanking as a result of the Plenary giving, the spirit of hatred into the Session may be summarized as fol- spirit of love, the spirit of selfishness lows: into the spirit of sacrifice, the spirit "All branch Kuomintang offices are of America into the spirit of Christ.

to be explicitly instructed against any Wherever the representatives 'of the encroachment upon the rights of the Church go, the home is proteEted, the people. Administrative and judicial school is established, the church is authorities are enjoined against mak- promoted, the hospital is supported, ing arrests or appropriating property the community house is encouraged, except by due process of law. Officials the court is fostered, and the state is and Kuomintang membe.'s violating defended. Let us, then, go at the task these instructions will be punished not with a renewed determination to work only under the Criminal Code but a1so together, work to win, and to make by heavier punishments, especially whatever sacrL'ice is necessary to win prescribed." America for Christ.

It is stated that General Chiang JOHN McDOWELL. 4

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~l # ~ ttt' ~ ~ '"C" t ~ ;l.t- ?I I ~ . ~I ffi :fi !t ~ trJ.

~ PROTE CT YOUR F'OOD ~'ROM ~' LIES KILL INS~JC'l'S THAT SPREAD DIShJAShJ j8iJkmJ ~m ~~2.I~WDH …,.-, •I II NEVER WASH VEGETABLES IN A RATHE YOUR CHILD AT REGULAR TIMES DIWl'Y BROOK GOOD HEALTH POSTICRS FRO",,! KOREA Mrs. F. 1. Johnson, who has .been visit- These Health Posters are now also used ing the mission fields in Asia, has sent a in China and Japan. They illustrate how number of posters which the Korean disea se is carried by the fly and mosquito school children made under the direction and how this may be prevented. They of the Child Welfare Department of the illustrate lessons in the care of children Evangelistic Social Center of Seoul. and in personal hygiene.

370 EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK Usable methods for missionary which sets off the heavy rice diets of workers in Child Welfare and Child- these countries. It is also quite rich Health Centers all over the world, in in fat and mineral matter, and last, America as well as elsewhere. The but not least, it is much cheaper. A bean milk recipe referred to later wa,s bottle of cow's milk costs ten sen given in the June, 1930, issue of this whereas a bottle of Soy Bean Milk Department and the fact mentioned oosts two sen. that it was secured in China. Later, Miss Rosenberger of the Social Evan- It has been used very largely in gelistic Center in Seoul, Korea, our work at the Social Evangelistic adopted it. ,From Persia and other Center, Seoul, Korea, as a supplemenfields letters are coming asking for tary feeding, and also as an entire spedfic information concerning its food. For the latter it must be modiuse. To know that little starving fied, and this modification will be given "tummies" are being filled and little with the recipe at the end of this feedbodies are being relieved of suffering ing method. We have even fed one because of this simple method of world case of marasmus on the Soy Bean communication, gives joy to this De- Milk. partment. The picture of before and after us- THE SOY BEAN MILK AS A FOOD ing it will illustrate the success. This baby was brought from an extremely By E. T. ROSENBERGER, R.N. poor home where there were five chil- dren-the father totally blind, the Child Welfare Dept., Social Evangelistic mother half blind. It was a case of Center, Seoul, Korea giving the baby the Bean Milk or let- Having received letters from dif- ting it starve, so we immediately comferent countries regarding Soy Bean menced feeding it and watching it Milk I am giving in these columns a very closely. It gained a pound the full explanation of the p·eparation, first month and the second month likeuses and benefits of it. wise. Then for a time during the winter there was a standstill, but the In the first place it is a fact that pictures will show the results of this the diets of Oriental countries are not attempt after one year's Bean Milk suited to the proper nutrition of young children because of the lack of milk feeding. in them. Milk has been found to be The Soy Bean as an important food the foundation of all foods f.or growing children in all countries. How- dates back to remote history. It is ever, cow's milk is not available in all said that it appears in the Chinese of these countries, and it behooves us Materia Medica of Shen Nung in the to find a substitute. This substitute year 2838 B. C. China to this day has been found in the Soy Bean Milk uses very little dairy or meat products, which has been perfected by Dr. Er- but they have lived for centuries on nest Tso of the Peking Union Medical a diet remarkably well balanced by College. It takes its place so highly the use of the Soy Bean. It is said because it is so very rich in protein that Buddhist monks consecrated at birth to the priesthood are carried 371

through the entire period of childhood add 20 grams of starch either from on the diet of the Soy Bean curd. rice or corn. This is cooked in the same way as you would prepare corn- We feel that it is one food which starch pudding. Also add 60 grams we should encourage to be used for of sugar and 1% grams of calcium small children in Korea where the lactate and one gram of table salt to mortality rate is high and the chil- this mixture. The calcium lactate is dren have such an inadequate diet. It BEFORE FEEDING SAME BABY A FEW MO~THS LATER TIlE EFFECT OF FEEDING A KOUV,AN BABY f;OY BEA:, )fILK is one food that we can safely advo- best added while the milk is cold or cate, make and use because the price else after the mixture is boiled or it is not prohibitive. might curdle. It should be first mixed with a little cold milk and then added. Soy Bean Milk About the same quantity of this 1. One part beans well washed mixture as cow's milk is use::! to feed the babies-according to their caloric 2. Eight parts of pure tap water requirements. No child should have more than 1000 or 1100 c. c. a day of 3. Soak over night this milk. In a little baby it may pro- duce frequent stools, which should be 4. Grind through native mill well watched under a doctor's care. Cod liver oil should be part of the 5. Boil whole quantity five minutes. feeding from the beginning of the use of Soy Bean Milk-at first 6 to 8 6. Put through sieve-the result is c. c. per day and gradually increased milk . to 15-20 a day.

Beans should be half milled and skins removed, if possible.

Additional rwte: To each liter of Soy Bean Milk (1000 c. c. or 32 oz.)

METHODS FOR WORKERS

(We have rece.ived at least seventy- first few times she had grown calfive requests to publish the following loused. That, and the stupor that effe.ctive China pwylet.) came from exhaustion and starvation, dulled the quiver and the hurt of be- "NOBODY WANTS" CHANGES HER ing "Nobody Wants."

NAME PART 2 By MARY BREWSTER HOLLISTER She shivered, drew her ragged gun- ny sacking coat around her and re- PART 1 marked to brother, "The winds of the Southland must have come from our A family of Chinese famine refu- own North Country." gees from the far, frozen, starving North Country struggled around the "And who but you would be bringcorner into Stone Arches Street that ing them, the one Nobody Wants, inled past the Loving Heart School. deed!" he answered scornfully. Their torn padded garments were patched with gunny sacking, their feet But some one was passing by just bled through the straw sandals tied then and the little girl knew it beon with rags. The father and mother, hooved her to bring some coppers into gaunt and worn, each carried a staff the family exchequer or she would and a begging bowl which they held have to be moving along again. out to passers-by on the cobbled street. With a grace the rest of the children "Nobody Wants" was a bit thinner somehow could not achieve, she began and more ragged than the rest of them her little begging dance, running bebecause she didn't belong to them at side the passer-by with sliding side all. She had been following them for steps, one, two, three, and a kneeling a few days as she had followed one curtsy, with her hands held together after another' group of just such wan- in petition, repeating this dance movederers as these, in the long wearisome ment to the accompaniment of her trek from the North Country where little pleading chant: famine had stalked them, and the bitter winter had hounded them to the Some coppers, please, Southland where winter was not so Rich scholar of ease! unkind, and where the rice fields did Your blessings will grow, not fail to feed the fortunate South- Your merit increase, ern Chinese folk. Thus happiness sow, Some coppers, please. Her own father and mother and laughing baby brother the cruel fam- Brother pounced upon the coppers ine had taken those months ago that that the passing gentleman threw her, seemed so many years. When father but "Nobody Wants" scarcely noticed at last had not answered her call, she it. For suddenly, she heard from fled in terror from the tiny house that within the big black door opposite her had once been so happy, but was now the sounds of children's laughter. so still and cold and haunted. Stum- She stopped while the rest of them bling along a frozen road she had wandered on down the street. Quietly joined her first band of refugees she crept to the gate, and cautiously southward. pushed it open a crack so that she could see inside. Of course they had not wanted her. You could not blame them. They al- Children, within a grassy yard, such ready had too many mouths to feed, happy children! and all of them were hungry. So before long she had joined another "Ai! They are playing 'Cat catch group of wanderers, carrying with the mouse.''' she explained, old memher from one band to another, the ories stirring. only name she had heard these many months, "Nobody Wants." After the They were laughing like she and baby brother used to laugh. She dropped down on the stone step to watch them better.

A child put her head outside the her and sat down beside her on the gate, and cried in surprise, "Why, step. look who's here 1" "But where are your big people?" "Nobody Wants" instinctively asked another child. dragged her tired little body from those comfortble steps and began her "Nobody Wants" shook her head little dance and song. and her eyes filled with tears. "The great hunger took them. And so all Some coppers, please, the other 'big people' I follow call me Rich lady of ease- 'Nobody Wants.'''

"I'm not a rich lady," laughed the "Ai, ai," all the children crooned in girl gaily, "but, oh, how pretty you the sympathetic Chinese way, and do it! Love Pearl, Bright Flower, gathered close around her. "We're so Virtue Gold, and all the rest," she Borry." raised her voice delightedly, "come, come quickly!" "It must be that she is hungry, since she has no 'big people:" Love "Nobody Wants" kept on with her Pearl cried, "How could we not think fetching wee dance and tuneless little of it?" song, as the other children gathered and opened wide the gate to watch "She can have a bowl of my rice," her! said one.

"Ai, ai!" they clapped their hands. "And one of my bowls," echoed an- "How pretty!" other.

"It's prettier even than any our "Mine too," cried another and an- Kindergarten Sister-Teacher teaches other. the tiny ones," said one. "If she has no 'big people' she has "Teach us how," Love Pearl cried, no place to go," Bright Flower said. all enthusiasm. "Oh, stay with us," several of them "Yes, yes, do, please, little sister," chorused. "Our school is such a happy they all echoed and gathered around place." "Nobody Wants" patting her and welcoming her. "See," they pointed to the words over the gate. "Its name is the School Their affectionate welcome had of the Loving Heart. It is a Jesus made her f.orget to be shy. She began school you know," as if that explained to do her steps very slowly so that it all. they might see how she did it, chanting her little song the while. They "She can share my bed and my all tried to imitate her, with more or downy comfort," said one very pracless Buccess, laughing over their awk- tically. ward attempts, until finally they did it quite well and in unison with their "No, no, I want her to sleep with little chant. me," said Love Pearl.

Very suddenly "Nobody Wants" sat "No, not every night. She must down and the children noticed that take turns," cried another girl. she was faint. They gathered about her solicitously. "You come from the "See, little sister," Virtue Gold North Country, don't you?" they aBked turned her face about withgenUe her as she rested. "We know from hands. You aren't "Nobody Wants" your speech." any more. You are "Everybody Wants." '''Nobody Wants," nodded her head. "Yes, everybody wants 'Everybody "What's your name?" asked one of Wants,''' the rest of the children them. danced about her, saying the words delightedly. "Nobody Wants," said the little refugee. "But your 'big people' may not want me," the old te "ror coming back Virtue Gold put her arm around to the little refugee.

"Oh, but you do not know how lov- ing they are, the other country teach-

er, and our Big Sister Teacher!" Love Persons required, 2 tall 'teen age boys, 3 'teen age girls, 1 junior boy Pearl assured her. (Dr 2) at least 6 junior girls. "They will love you and teach and Famine Re/ugee.s-Father, mother, care for you just as they do for us,"

said Bright Flower. "You see they at least two children, a boy and small have the Jesus-love in their hearts." girl with a large doll strapped to "Yes, and didn't they tell us about mother's back. "Nobody Wants," a the famine? We've been saving our girl of about 10. This group dress in coppers to send to the North Country, ragged gunny sacking, much patched for oh, such a long time!" coats, worn over overalls tied about "And now the N·orth Country and at ankles with rags.

the famine come to us," the rest of Passer-by in the long coat of a Chi- them finished for Virtue Gold. "Please nese scholar, a young Chinese student, stay with us, Everybody Wants." in khaki or regular Western suit.

"Yes, everybody wants you." They SchooL chiLd7'en in light colored made a little song of it. coats, worn over trousers. Here over- alls will serve but left free at the Then they all noticed suddenly the ankle. Young American and the young Chinese women teachers standing arm in American missionU7CY teacher in orarm in the doorway where they had dinary clothes. been listening to the conversation and nodding to 'each other, smilingly as Chinese teacher in a dark skirt, and light colored Chinese jacket.

they listened. . Setting-A double door between Love Pearl jumped to her feet, and two rooms could be used to represent giving a signal to the other children, the school gate that opens upon the they joined her in the little dance they street, with high compound walls on had just learned, singing as they each side. The doors should open in, danced. with at least one step constructed per- Everybody want her, haps from a long low box. If actual Dear teachers, please. doors are not possible in the center back of the stage, then screens may Your blessings will groW, be placed to represent compound wall, Your merit increase. with a double door made of hinged screens for the gate before which the Thus happiness sow, action takes place. Everybody wants her! A simpler form of the pantomime "Yes, indeed r Everybody wants could dispense with all of the refugees except brother and "Nobody Wants" her," the other country teacher and with Part 1 read as a prologue, the the Chinese sister teacher said to- action beginning with Part 2. gether. 3. As a play, with children taking They stooped down and helped the part in the dialog as well as the action. little refugee to her feet, and the Here, too, Part 1 might be read as a children gathered about her, affection- prologue with children taking the diately leading her inside the gate. As alog and action in Part 2. Or proit closed after them, they were sing- logue and reader may be dispensed ing, with entirely, and the children work out their own dramatization after they She changed her name, have mastered the story, which is the Everybody wants her approved pedogogic method. The very Everybody wants her! simple dance and tunele·ss little song This story may be presented in three ways, 1. As a story told simply, but dramatically. Time required 10 minutes.

2. As a pantomime, with the story which can be a pretty feature should told or read by a reader, while the be mastered but should not take long action is enacted as described. to learn.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York Council of Women for Home Missions FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America BOOKS FOR THE EMERGING EAST in Gujerati, Marathi, Hindi, Tamil and Urdu. Each copy was eagerly By HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY passed around to reach a large group of happy children. Within the last The Christian Literature Society year a new expansion has taken place in its circulation. An Indian pub- The Christian Literature Committee lisher has been found who is willing of the Federation of Woman's Boards to take over the publishing and disof Foreign Missions came into being tribution of various editions if the in response to a great need about fif- Committee will simply pay for the teen years ago. The Foreign Mission cost of translation. We now have ar- Boards were faced by the need of rap- ranged for a Telugu and a Burmese idly growing Christian Literature edition and are in process of arrangcommunities 'throughout m iss ion ing for one in Bengali. lands for books, good books, adapted to different ages. We had taught boys Romance of Finance and girls to read but after they had learned the art they had nothing to Through a Memorial Gift of $500 read. As a result, not infrequently given by the delegates at Northfield they lapsed back into illiteracy. it was made possible to begin a maga- zine for children in Burmese; a When the demand for Christian widow gave enough to establish as a books adapted to the use of women Memorial to her husband and daughand children became vocal, the Wom- ter an edition in Gujerati; a misan's Foreign Mission Boards moved sionary society in memory of two dethrough their Federation to supply voted member·s, mother and daughter, the need. The first Chairman of the furnished the money for the first year newly organized Committee was Miss of the Telugu edition; a devoted Epis- Alice M. Kyle of Boston, a woman of copal woman, in memory of her mothvision and faith who continued to di- er, provided for a translation of the rect the affairs of the Committee un- Tamil edition in the country of Bishop til her death in 1930 and who. ·saw the Azariah; a local Federation provided funds for this work increase from for the furnishing of a Christmas proabout $400 to $10,000 annually. gram for all the Sunday Schools in China. Children's Periodicals A Christian Magazine for Africa The Committee decided to publish monthly magazines for children and the home. Happy Childhood, a chil- Soon after the Jerusalem Conferdyen's magazine was the first to be ence an International Committee was published in China. There followed organized to study the situation of a magazine in Japan-Shoshoki. Then Africa in regard to the supply of The Treasure Chest was established to Christian books. As a result the Exbe published in English for India. AI- ecutive Secretary, Miss Margaret most as .goon as it was published the Wrong, came over from England in demand arOse for its publication in the intere·st of the Committee. She the various languages of India. was able to persuade that great mis- Quickly it was expanded to be issued sionary and wonderful writer, Jean 376 Mackenzie, to undertake to edit what was expected at first to be a bi-lingual magazine, half of each page in Eng- lish and half in French, but it was later found that the French wanted the magazine in their own language in the French and Belgian colonies and in West Africa, so Miss Mackenzie will edit the magazine in English for circulation in British East Africa and other British African colonies. The financing of the French magazine and its publication will be arranged for in Paris. "HAPPY CHILDHOOD" COMES TO The Committee on Christian Litera- THE MISSION ture was asked by this International of devout women were abundantly Committee if it would stand behind worthy of our support. The Comtheir venture. The Committee decided mittee took action, and the needed to venture out in faith on this new support is to be sent on. enterprise, and pledged itself to give $1000 toward it during the first year. The case of the Antorcha Missionera in Mexico was likewise investigated.

A Providential Preparation It was found that by incredible cour- age and enterprise the Evangelical The hand of God was so clearly group had brought their magazine for seen in thus providing funds for the the Christian home almost to the point Committee to make this new venture of self support, and that a little help of faith. It has been not less clear in would put it on its feet. This money other forward steps. A year ago last was sent-and so the story goes. July there came a request from the Everywhere there are opening doors, Christian Literature Committee of everywhere clamant needs. Korea for help in establishing a magazine for children which should do for Book Translation the children of Korea what Happy In various fields the way has opened Childhood was doing for the children to p~ovide, often by special gifts, for of China. The resources of the Com- the translation and publication of mis- mittee did not justify our attempting sionary books. The Young Adven- this unless fresh sources of income turers was translated into Chinese as were found. This was explained at a Memorial to Mrs. Cronk, the author.

Northfield, and at once a lady gave The translation of A Straight Way $500, another $300, another $100 and Towa1'd Tomor1"Ow was financed by the the remainder of the $1000 needed to Central Committee for the United underwrite the magazine for three Study of Foreign Missions. A transla- years was raised. The magazine, en- tion into Chinese of From Jerusalem to titled The Child World, began publi- J enlsalem was made possible by the cation in July, 1930. personal gift of the young lady who In Buenos Aire·s. Argentina, a little for more than twenty years has man- group called the Women's Evangelical aged the office of the Central Commit- League was formed, which among tee. Another gift made possible a other things published a Christian Japanese translation. The Adventure magazine for the home. The earnest of Prayer has gone into Chinese and enthusiastic little paper, glowing with Burmese. One Girl's Influence by .Rob- spiritual power, needed a small sub- ert E. Speer, after going through num- sidy to widen its sphere of usefulness berless editions in English, has been about $300. After consultation with translated into Japanese, and has al- Dr. Inman we found that this group ready gone through nine editions.

Plans for Expansion THE OHUROH ON THE MARCH With all these opportunities for ex- Florida Chain of Missionary pansion facing the Committee it was Assemblies decided that more money must be had. A campaign was arranged that shaull By MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY plan for parlor meetings and lunch- "Ye shall be my witnesses." In ac- eons in as many centers as possible in cordance with this, a group of fourteen order to bring before the public needs witnesses, missionaries from the ends for Christian lite "ature. The National of the earth, and Christian leaders, Christian Literature Committees in started on a three-week campaign in the different mission lands were ap- Florida, beginning January 16th in pealed to for the names of books, na- West Palm Beach, proceeding to Mi- tive or translated, which were geatly ami, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Clearwa- needed by their countries. These lists ter, Orlando and DeLand, with various have already been received. They are one-day stops in important centers.

appealing, overwhelming. They range The entire expense was met by $1.00 all the way from books on the nursing registrations in each center and vol- and care of children through books untary offerings. There were approx- about the cooperative farm movement imately four thousand registered, and in Denmark, translations of The at least one hundred thousand were Greatest Thin.g in the World, The Life reached by approximately nine hun- of Booker T. Washington, The Story dred missionary addresses. In addi- of Invention, The Teaching of Primary tion, there were radio addresses in Arithmetic, An Introduction to the larger centers, and talks before col- Bible, Life of Christ for Children, leges and public schools, with thoupackets of colored Bible pictu "es, pro- sands of students.

grams for Easter and Chri-stmas, Pil- Among the speakers were: the Rev.

grim's Progress, village booklets and Robert H. Glover, M.D., F.R.C.S., head all sorts of brief tracts. The most am- of the China Inland Mission; Dr.

bitious request comes from Mexico for Royal J. Dye, of the Christian Board, The Prodigal Son in large cisar type from one thousand miles up the Con- for children, using the pictures of an go, at Bolenge; Rev. Harper Brady, Egyptian edition. They can print ten Presbyterian Board South, and of the thousand of these in a first edition Kingdom of God Movement with Kag- for $1000, also a book of stories from awa, of Japan; Mrs. Induk Kim, of the Bible with colored pictu'-es which Korea, and Miss Abellera, of the Phil- will cost $2000. ippine Islands, exemplified in their The prices of these various projects own personalities the power of Christ run all the way down from $2000 to in the Oriental woman; Rev. McCoy $500, $300 and $100, also to leaflets Franklin, of Crossnore School in the that can be printed for $10, $25, or mountains of North Carolina, also $50. brought bird songs which he whistled The Committee plans to have a list to the delight of the young and old; of these special gifts printed for use Helen Barrett Montgomery conducted at the luncheons, where sample copies the study on the women's textbook f()r of the various magazines, books and the coming year, "Christ Comes to the leaflets will be displayed. Village"; Dr. Walter Lingle, Presi- It is hoped that in addition to adopt- dent of Davidson College, North Car- ing these various personal project:;: olina, and Dr. Glover gave the morning many will sign the cards making them- Bible lessons.

selves annual, special, sustaining, or In addition to the hour for the chil- life members of the Committee fer dren in the assembly, Mrs. Henry W.

providing Christian Literature to Peabody conducted a forum in each Women and Children in Mission center, on "The United States Senate: Lands. Diagnosis and Remedy," showing the

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

reasons for lack of enforcement. An- ship listen, and begin in every state other interesting forum discussion was and city a new pragram,-not af lis- led by Miss Ann McIlvaine, of New tening, but of witnessing?

York, assisted by Dr. Rosalie Morton and the Rev. Mr. Joroszewicz, of Po- INSTITUTES AT CHAUTAUQUA land and Russia. The World Court Home Missions, August 16-21 received attention, and twenty thousand names were signed to petitions The Home Missions Institute at to be sent to various senators, urging Chautauqua is this year. coming af its adoption. The World Court and age. It shauld be the best so far. Law Enforcement are not only prab- The twenty-first session will be held lems at home, but, with the "shocking from Sunday, August 16th thraugh moving pictures exported from this Friday, August 21st. Arrangements country, make a problem for foreign for the pragram are rapidly nea '"ing mIssIOnaries. Resalutians endo'sing completion.

President Hoover for his layal and The opening address an Sunday firm stand on the Eighteenth Amend- afternoon will be made in the Amphi- ment and its enfarcement were sent theater by Rev. John M. Moore, D.D., from every center. a former General Secretary af the The public press gave first-page Federal Council of Churches and au- news and pictures. Local committees, thor of this year's major home mis- of outstanding representatives of sion textbaok. He will remain through wamen's organizations, made each the week to conduct the 3: 45 forum center a delightful experience. The hour in the Hall of Philosophy. Amonj!

morning prayer hour, with faculty and the well-known speakers who will ap- city committees, added to the power pear at this hour are Rev. Charles of these meetings. Farty-five states Stelzle and Dean Lucy Slowe of Ho- were represented, furnishing a crass- ward University.

sectian of America. Chambers of Com- Mrs. Dan B. Brummitt will again merce and Men's Clubs, with organiza- lead the home missian study hour in tions of women, welcomed the speakers Smith-Wilkes Hall at 8: 45, using Dr.

at their luncheons, and business men Moore's book, "The Challenge of have testi5.ed that this has been ·a Change." The class in juniar meth- great ble·ssing to Florida. The larg- ods, again in charge of Mrs. Ethel est auditoriums have been taxed with Holmes Munsey, will meet the second great audiences of men and women; period in the Hall of Missions.

the outdoor forum in St. Petersburg, The literature display, which last with three or fuur thousand on the year evoked expres·sions af warm ap- park benches, listened eagerly. At preciation, will be assembled by Miss the dramatizatiun in St. Petersburg Sarah E. Bitner.

.of the hearing before the Congres- The hour immediately following sional Judiciary, of the Woman's lunch proved last year to be quite sur- National Committee for Law Enforce- prisingly popular and well attended.

ment, the auditorium was filled to. ca-' It will be devoted this year to in- pacity, and as many turned away. formal discussion of some of the vital Business men declared that this dram- topics of the present day and to ad- atization should be given in every city dresses by missionaries. Special fea- and town for its educational value. tures of the week include daily chape1 When the church begins to witness, talks, denominational rallies, the re- as Christ commanded, instead of sit- ception at the Hotel AthemEum and ting in pews and listening critically other opportunities to meet with the to sermons, we shall see the great re- missionaries visiting on the grounds.

vival, which will be missionary. Other Circulars announcing the Institute states are asking for a chain af as- may be secured from the office of the semblies. Will not our church leader- Council of Women for Home Missions,

105 East 22d Street, New York City. There will be classes in methods and story telling, with exceptional oppor- These may be used in letters or f.or tunities for preparation for the work of the coming year. distribution in churches to stimulate FLORENCE G. TYLER. interest and invite attendance. The CONFERENCES AND SCHOOLS OF most effective publicity, however, con- MISSIONS sists in the personal commendation Afflliated with Federlltion of Woman'. Boards of .Foreign Missions and Council of Women and invitation of those who have at- for Home Missions.

tended the institute in other years All without symbol are afflliated with both Federation and Council. and who realize the exceptional op- 'Baltimore, Maryland-October 13-15. portunity it affords for the training Mrs. Arthur C. Day, 542 Radnor Ave., Govans, Baltimore, Maryland. of leaders in the local church. It can- Bethesda, Ohio-July 13-17. not be too emphatically stated that Miss Mary 1. Scott, 310 Tomlinson Ave., Moundsville, West Virginia. churches within a reasonable traveling 1 Beaumont, Texas-August 12-20. distance should carry in their budgets Mrs. W. A. Nichols, 2240 McFaddin, Beaumont, Texas. an item providing for one or more Boulder, Colorado-June 16-24. member·s this week of leadership train- Mrs. J. Roy Smith, 1045 South Uni- versity Blvd., Denver, Colorado. ing. Class work is relieved by ample • Chautauqua, New York (Home)-Aurecreational facilities for swimming, gust 16-21.

boating, fishing, tennis, golf and auto- Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, 234 Washington Ave., Brooklyn, New York. ing. The best artists in the country 1 Chautauqua, New York (Foreign)- appear at the amphitheater concerts August 23-28.

in the evening. Honorary Chairman, Mrs. W. A. Montgomery, 144 Dartmouth St., Above all, the atmosphere of Chau- Rochester, New York. Acting Chairman, Mrs. F. I. Johnson, tauqua is av.owedly Christian. The 150 Fifth Ave., New York, N; Y.

fellowship is inspiring, and from a Dallas, Texas- Mrs. George A. Brewer, 4301 Edbrief stay may result lasting friend- mondson, Dallas, Texas.

ships. MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD. 'Dallas, Texas (Negro)-September 28- October 2. Foreign Missions, August 23-28 Mrs. C. R. Boswell, 1719 Allen St., In planning for the Foreign Mis- Dallas, Texas. sions Institute at Chautaqua this coming summer several outstanding speak- De Land, Florida-February 3-6, 1932. ers have already been secured. Dr. Mrs. William J. Harkness, 415 East Oscar Buck of Drew Seminary, Madi- New York Ave., De Land, Florida. son, New Jersey, who is at present taking part in one of the mission sur- Houston, Texas-October 12-16. veys in India will deliver a series of Mrs. W. E. Ferguson, 1519 Hawlectures on India, giving special em- thorne, Houston, Texas. phasis to rural reconstruction and the work of the Rural Reconstruction 1 Kerrville, Texas- Units. Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgom- Mrs. W. A. Nichols, 2240 McFaddin ery, Honorary Chairman of the Insti- Ave., Beaumont, Texas. tute, will lecture on the- woman's textbook, Christ Comes to the Village, Lake Geneva, Wisconsin–June 29-July by Mary Schauffler Platt, and Mrs. F. 6. I. Johnson, who is at the present time touring the mission stations of the Mrs. J. A. Leas, 3731 Clifton Ave., Orient, will be the presiding officer, Chicago, Ill. and will bring to the institute a varied program with dramatic presentations, and a number of speeches by nationals of different Oriental countries. Missionary women will find it a great advantage to spend the week of August 23d at Chautauqua.

Minnesota (Minneapolis, St. Paul)- Seabeck, Washington-July 20-31. June 1-5. Rev. Fred Grey, Sixth and University Streets, Seattle, Washington, or Miss Mrs. W. C. A. Wallar, 304Q Dupont Faye A. Steinmetz, 310 Y. M. C. A. Ave., S., Minneapolis, Minn. Building, Portland, Oregon.

Mountain Lake Park, Maryland–Au- Silver Bay, New York–June 26-July 6. gust 1-6. Rev. Walter Getty, 150 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. Mrs. B. H. Sincell, 103 2d St., Oak- land, Maryland.

Mount He1'mon, Cali/ornia–July 4-11. All include home and foreign missions except Mrs. W. E. Crouser, 1128 Lincoln Northfield, Chautauqua and the Florida Schools. Ave., San Jose, California. 1 Affiliated with the Federation only. New Orleans, Louisiana-Some time in • Affiliated with the Council only. Autumn. • Conducted by the Council.

Mrs. L. D. Chaffee, 1920 Audubon RAOIAL MINORITY SOHOLARSHIP St., New Orleans, Louisiana. Mount Holyoke College is offering 'Northfield, Massachusetts (Home–July a Racial Minority Competitive Schol- 6-13. arship of one thousand dollars ($1,- 000) for the year 1931-1932, to a Mrs. Frelon Eugene Bolster, Ham- Negro girl, preferably a student ap- mondsport, New York. plying for admission to the Junior Class. Award will be made on the 'Northfield, Massachusetts (Foreign)- basis of scholarship and personality. July 13-21. . Letter of application should be Mrs. James M. Pratt, 135 East 74th handwritten, and should contain state- St., New York, N. Y. ments in regard to age, educational experience, and special interest. Ap- Oklahoma City, Oklahoma- plications for this scholarship should be made by May 1, 1931 to Miss Har- St. Petersburg, Florida-February 1-6, riet Newhall, Executive Secretary to 1932. the Board of Admission, Mount Holy- oke College, South Hadley, Mass. Miss B. Louise Woodford, 930 23d Ave., St. Petersburg, Florida.

Southern California (Los Angeles)- September 21-25.

Mrs. W. S. Dysinger, 1419 6th Ave., Los Angeles, California.

1 Warren, Ohio-September 22-23. FOR TRIPPERS Mrs. George Konold, 314 Scott St., N. E., Warren, Ohio. Trips around the world are being planned by travel bureaus which have Wilson College, Chanwersburg, Penn- as their special interest Wo"ld Friend- sylvania–June 29-July 7. ship. There are trips to Europe which Miss Martha C. Hartman, 233 S. 44th include the unusual privilege of meet- St., West Philadelphia, Pa. ing church women there who hold important positions of leadership. Winona Lake, Indiana–June 24-July 1. There are trips to the Orient, to Mrs. Frank Jensen, 1114 West 81st Africa, and to South America which St., Chicago, Illinois. include visits to many interesting mis- sion stations and points of interest The Florida Chain of Institutes, be- not seen by the average tourist. If sides St. Petersburg and Deland, includes you would be interested in taking a Miami, Tampa, Orlando and Clearwater. trip and finding out first-hand what Mrs. Henry W. Peabody is chairman; the church is doing in industrial, Miss B. Louise Woodford, state chair- international and interracial improveman. All will probably be held between ment, or in making a trip abroad count January 15th and February 8th. for WorId Friendship and Under- standing, write to the Federation of Missionary Education Movcmcnt Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions for further information on this sub- Asilomar, Cali/ornia–July 6-15. ject. Mrs. Clara L. Walberg, 1501 St. Al- bans Road, San Marino, California.

Blue Ridge, North Carolina–July 29- August 7.

Dr. W. Knighton Bloom, 933 Wood- ward Building, Washington, D. C.

ORLD.WlDE

ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC visitor to Honolulu often must, through the throngs of clean, pretty, Strange Cults ot the South Seas bright-faced oriental children on their way to or from school, any prejudice CURIOUS beliefs and cults still ex- he may have is disarmed. ist in the South Sea Islands. A man who had killed his eighth victim Nevertheless, they have brought by an intricate process of magic was their religions with them. Shintoism discovered by the people in a village is there, and Buddhism. The task of not long ago, says the Southern CT088 the Hawaiian Board of Missions grows Lo.q· of the Melanesian Mission with this influx of non-Christians from (Church of England). The mission- the Orient. aries testify that in some cases lin inexplicable evil power is exerted and Union High School ot Manila the victims die from no observable cause. Before the missionaries came, A YOUNG missionary made the the people would have killed the ma- statement that during his four gician when they discovered him. In years' acquaintance with the Union this case, they bound him and sent High School he had come to believe him aboard a labor recruiting ship that no greater opportunity of helpthat came along, with instructions ing students to form Christian charnever to let him return to that island. acter and right attitudes toward life presented itself than is to be found in Dr. C. E. Fox, principal of a Melane- the life of the Union High School. sian Mis,sion school at Ugi, has found survivals of an ancient cult of shark Union High School was started in worship on some of these islands. 1919 in connection with the Union Among other customs, the people bury Theological Seminary-a natural detheir dead in the sea, weighting the velopment resulting from the demand feet with stones. The sharks are be- for higher education in every profeslieved not to touch them. sion. There has been a steady growth from fifty students in the first year The fear of vengeful ghosts, evil to over 450 at present. To meet the spirits, and other powers of evil, is a demands of splendid young men and very active influence among these peo- women who are working during the ple who await the power of Christ to daytime, a night school was opened set them free. in 1923 and has at present 150 stu- dents. The Melanesian Mission has a printing press, operated by an Englishman The school seeks to produce men with native helpers. In the course of and women of character, and to this a year they turn out hundreds of little end it has introduced course,s in the Prayer Books, hymn books, and other Bible into the regular curriculum. In religious material, in three or four addition there is a chapel service three tribal languages. times a week.

The Lovely Hawaiian Islands As its name implies, the Union High School is a union enterprise having H AWAII teems with the life of all as its cooperating missions the Pres- . the races except the African. No- byterians, the United Brethren, and where else is there so little of race the Disciples. The student body is prejudice. When one wades, as the very cosmopolitan. Statistics of a 382 year ago reveal that there were in at- for the summary volume of the 1926 tendance 172 Catholics, 92 Presby- Census of Religious Bodies, shows terians, 38 Methodists, 23 Christians that at least 62 of every hundred adult or Disciples, 14 Aglipayans, with a church members belong to a Protes- sprinkling of adherents from other tant church, while 30 are Roman Cath- Protestant churches, while 60 reported olics, and six are Jews. Women pre- no affiliations at all. The school is dominate in church membership; 48 very cosmopolitan in another way for per cent of the males of the country its students are drawn from nearly over 13 years of age, and 63 per cent all the provinces of the Philippines.- of the females being members.

Donald Dean Parker, in The Philip- There is no state in which either pine Presbyterian. Jews or Roman Catholics constitute a Changing Formosa majority, but there are nine southern states in which the Protestants make ABOUT ~ixty years ago Formosa's up more than half the population. In fi 'st four converts were baptized Utah more than 82 per cent of the and one of the four, Ko Tiong, be- people are members of the Mormon came a pioneer preacher. He married Church. a Christian aboriginal; two sons became Christian doctors, one a devoted Sunday-school enrollments have not minister. A nephew, born in China, been increasing as much as formerly. In 1906 the pupils in Sunday-schools and bearing' an appropriate name, were equivalent to 40 per cent of the Kimseng-meaning "Golden Voice," youth population under 19 years of is now a brilliant church leader. He, age. By 1916 this per cent had too, married a Christian aboriginal. reached 48, but is now 44 per cent.

Of their sons one has recently com- The Roman Catholic Church has de- pleted his medical· studies in Japan, clined in the number of Sunday-school and has settled in Tainan City, For- scholars, but there has been a large mosa. increase in enrollment in parochial The church in Formosa is still schools.

small, but its growth is marvelous. Within recent years there has been Twenty years ago all the men of influ- a tendency for Protestant bodies to ence and wealth were heathen. Today combine. Between 1916 and 1926 no the leading men, the men of letters fewer than 18 denominatIons were in- and of means, are Christians.-Pres- volved in mergers.

byterian Messenger. The Church and the Liquor TraJlic NORTH AMERICA rJ'HE Presbyterian Church has gone Facts About American Churches 1. officially on record with a declara- OUT of every hundred persons over tion that the saloon must never come 13 years of age, in the United back; that the United States Govern- States (according to the Census Bu- ment must not go into the liquor busi- reau), there are today 55 church ness; that the liquor traffic has al- members, (of all sects-Christian and ways been lawless and corrupt; that non-Christian) as there were ten and the liquor situation before prohibition twenty years ago. Only 52 per cent was intolerable; that the prohibition of the rural population belongs to law still has the support of the ma- church as compared with 58 per cent jority of the voters of the United of those in cities. Forty per cent of States; that the church supports the the Protestant ministe"s are not Eighteenth Amendment in the interest graduates of either college or sem- of childhood and youth; that there are inary-most of them in the south and no youth anti-prohibition movements; west. that prohibition has aided the cause Dr. C. Luther Fry, who prepared of social well being; that prohibition the official analysis of church figures has not been the chief cause of law-

lessness; that the law is not religious times that for benevolences. The per but economic; that, all law restricts capita for benevolences had decreased and limits personal liberty; that it during those seven years by thirty- is difficult in the light of the cross to six per cent, and the per capita for talk about personal liberty; that the current expenses had increased by church cannot see at present any sub- thirty per cent. Many objects classed stitute for prohibition which will as benevolences are not missionary so- make for a better solution of a traf- cieties, but "service agencies," phil- fic that has always refused to obey anthropies and cultural or educational any law that has sought to put it un- agencies. How much of our giving der social control; that government to the church is really for others, and control as in Canada is not a success how much for ourselves?

and is not acceptable to the people of the United States, who do not look Tuskegee Jubilee T with favor upon government control HE fiftieth anniversary of the founding of Tuskegee Normal and f.or even legitimate business; that a return to state control would be but Industrial Institutes by Booker T.

a return to the old lawless conditions Washington was observed in Tuskegee which made the Eighteenth Amend- April 10th to 15th. Dr. M. Ashly ment inevitable; that the church is Jones, whose father was chaplain to willing to listen to proposals for a General R{)bert E. Lee, spoke to a large better substitute for prohibition, but audience, comprising both Negroes that so long as no adequate substitute and whites, his text being "The Car- is available the church must set itself penter's Son." Dr. R. R. Moton, is as a flint against any weakening of principal of the institute.

the present law. The Rev. Ben Brave, a South Da- The declaration was adopted unan- kota Indian, who was president at imously by the Administration Com- Hampton of the Wigwam of which mittee of the Presbyterian Board of Booker T. Washington was house fa- Christian Education in executive ses- ther, put a wreath on Dr. Washing- sion in Philadelphia. ton's Tomb.

Self-Support and Giving to Others Other addresses were given by Bish- op R. E. Jones of the Methodist T HE Institute of Social and Reli- Church of New Orleans; Mrs. Vir- gious Research has issued a report ginia Adams Driver, the first graduon "Trends in Protestant: Giving," ate of Tuskegee and Thomas Elsa from carefully collected statistics. In Jones, president of Fisk University. 1913 and 1914 the gifts for local ex- penses in the churches of eleven de- Berea College T nominations were about three and HIS unique institution, with over 2,500 students, stands at the gatethree quarters times the gifts for benevolences. During the war period way of the Appalachian Mountains the amount for benevolences increased, where live 3,000,000 hardy descend- so that gifts for local expenses were ents of pioneer Scotch-Americans.

less than twice those for benevolences. The campus, farm and forest land Since 1920 the ratio has tended stead- comprise 5,600 acres and the college ily back to that of 1913-14. The includes 82 departments with over 200 "benevolence,s" include many gifts for workers. Free tuition is given to the educational and other philanthropic impoverished but earnest students, all objects which do not depend on the of whom contribute to their support missionary boards of the churches. In by working at least ten hours a week.

1920 per capita for current expenses Furnished rooms, with light and heat was two and a half times that for cost 65 cents a week per student and benevolences. In 1927 the amount for food at the rate of 11 cents a meal-a current expenses had risen to five total of $150 a year per student. Berea

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

gives a Christian, but nonsectarian 1914, in accordance with the plan to training, with daily chapel and Bible form one Union Seminary. The numstudy. The president, Dr. Wm. J. ber opposed to the plan increased un- Hutchins, is just returning from In- til in July, 1930, the General Synod dia, whither he went with a commit- of Mexico, ordered the reopening of tee to investigate the missionary the Presbyterian Seminary on Febeducational work. ruary 4, 1931, in order that the synod might have full control over the The Oriental Probleln training of its 'candidates for the min- it;ltry. Since the reopening, presby- ORIENT ALS are our greatest racial teries have placed it on their budgets. problem on the Pacific seaboard. -Christian Observer. There are about 35,000 Japanese in the City of Los Angeles alone, and Earthquake in Nicaragua 50,000 in Southern California. Chinese are decreasing, there being only I N SIX seconds on March 31st a about 3,000 in Los Angeles. Filipinos, violent earthquake .destroyed Manon the other hand, have increased from agua, the capital of Nicaragua. Over 116 in the state in 1910 to about 70,- 1,000 were reported kijIed and thou- 000 in 1930, and about 7,000 of them sands more were injured; the proplive in Los Angeles. With all of these erty damage is estimated at thirty races the disproportion of sexes cre- million dollars. Fire followed the ates a grave social problem. Especially quake and the city was cut off from is this true of the Filipinos, there be- the outside world except for radio ing less than five per cent women messages. The American Government among the 70,000. They live mostly directed that immediate help be given in labor camps and work long hours the sufferers by the army and nav~ for small pay. This is the chief cause and the Red Cross. Only a small group> for the hatred which has precipitated of missionaries were stationed at Manseveral race riots in the past year or agua, members of the American Baptwo. Very little church or social serv- tist Home Mission Society and the ice work is yet being done among Central American Mission; the neighthem. boring town of Masaya was also oc- cupied by these missions. On the other hand, there is a great deal of church and social service work New Evangelical Churches among the Chinese and Japanese. The Chinese are rapidly decreasing owing DR. S. G. INMAN, Executive Secreto the rigid immigration laws, and tary of the Committee on Coopthere is really no Chinese problem. eration in Latin America, summarizes The Japanese are increasing and also events of the past year: becoming more and more Americanized. The second generation of The year stands out as marking the- "Americans of Japanese ancestry" is organization of additional independent coming to the fore, and they are de- evangelical churches in Mexico and sirous of living up to their birthright. Brazil. The union of the Congregational, They are the chief problem in this Christian and United Brethren Churches race.-The Churchman. in Puerto Rico, and the meeting in Puerto Rico of the officers of the com- LATIN AMERICA mission to organize the Latin American Federation of Evangelical Churches are Selninary ReopeD.8 in Mexico other marks of progress.

THE reopening of the Presbyterian Last July, representatives of the Theological Seminary in Mexico on Northern and Southern Methodist February 4, 1931, was significant for Churches, both in Mexico and the United the evangelical movement in Mexico. States, approved the basis for a united The institution had been closed since Methodist Church of Mexico. The first General Conference was held in Mexico 5 City in September, resulting in the elec- tion of Rev. Juan Pascoe as bishop. With

the approval of the Annual Conference two languages. In 1912, there were ()f the Southern Methodist Church at 9,415 corps, or evangelistic posts: now Dallas, last May, a delegation from the there are 15,113. As against 15,988 United States went to Brazil and helped commissioned officers in 1912, there 'organize the Methodist Church of Brazil. are now 25,658. The Army has 1,568 The Brazilians elected as their first social institutions and agencies. In Bishop Rev. J. W. Tarboux, a former its shelters and food depots 24,545,847 missionary, and adopted the Social Creed free or cheap meals were supplied dur- Qf the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America as their own.

ing the year, and 11,516,319 beds pro- Agitation in Brazil vided. In its men's industrial institu- SINCE the Provisional Government tions, houses and workshops, 214,074 of Brazil announced its intention men were found work, permanently of rewriting the Constitution, church or temporarily. At its labor bureau authorities have been campaigning in there were 407,506 applicants and favor of what they term a minimum situations were found for 238,234. In- program of Ciltholic action. This to its women's industrial homes last program demands that the new Con- year 6,416 girls and women were stitution bear the statement that it is received and 5,951 were passed out '!Written in the name of God, that it satisfactorily. At its ninety-two ma- ,declare the Catholic Church the State ternity homes 23,817 women were re- <Church of Brazil, that it make a re- ceived.-The Christian.

ligious marriage ceremony compul- sory, and that the Catholic faith be Religious Liberty in Italy T taught in the State schools. Catholic HE Roman Catholic Church au- thorities in Rome are doing all in clergy are conducting a vigorous campaign from the pulpit while Catholic their power to restrict Protestants laymen are just as busy through news- from enjoying liberty in religious papers and committees. Counter ac- work. The Vatican organ, Osservutore tivities are at work on the part of Romano, keeps up a demand for the nonCatholics. The strife reached a curbing of "Protestant propaganda," climax at a nonCatholic meeting of and the pope gives support to this deprotest in Pernambucco. A crowd of mand. They claim that the Roman Catholic sympathizers caused a riot Catholic Church is maligned and its when they succeeded in preventing the dogmas are misrepresented and they first speaker from addressing the large demand the right to censor the propacrowd of nonCathoIics. The police g and a. The Italian government, had to use force to restore order, and though friendly to the Roman Catholic the feeling is bitter on both sides.- Church and willing to treat it as the United Presbyterian. established church of the State, has EUROPE been insistent upon these principles; freedom of religious belief; freedom Sa.lvation ArD1Y Progress of religious worship; freedom of reli- T HE SalvaUon Army Yearbook far gious propaganda, and equality of civil 1931 is a record of vast operations, rights without regard to religious evangelistic and social, at home and connection.

abroad.

A statistical table is impressive as a Students a.nd the Christian Faith W record of advance since the death of HEN Dr. John R. Mott conducted a series of meetings for students the founder, William Booth. In that .;vear (1912) the Army was established of Oxford in 1905, the results were in fifty-two c{JUntries and colonies. At considered remarkable. From 300 to the opening of 1931, the Army's flag is 800 undergraduates attended. Re- :flying in eighty-two countries, and its cently, when the modern students are message being proclaimed in seventy- said to have no use for religion, 1,000

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and sometimes 2,000 members of the cently fifteen evangelical kindergaruniversity were present day after day tens in Breslau lost the government for eight days listening to the preach- subsidy. An institution for dumb and ing of Christ and learning the way of blind children which has existed for a prayer in meetings conducted by the hundred years was -sold out and the Archbishop of York. children turned over to a state in- stitution. The Blue Cross Society is "The change in the last few years," a useful organization for the rescue the Student Movement declares, "is of drunkards. The Govetnment is remarkable. Men are ready to listen seeking to make its existence imposand many more than some think are sible by regUlations concerning regisready to pray." tration and membership insurance. In Zurich, morning and evening From other companies of young prayers and grace at table have been people a marked response has also interdicted in the city asylum, much been made to the appeal of Christ. to the grief of the aged inmates. The There is a seething in the heart of Central School Commission of Zurich youth today, but there is a readine-ss has cut off from the free evangelical to try experiments. No real picture of school the privilege of free dental youth is presented which leaves out treatment for school children, and has the companies who have entered upon withdrawn the reduction of carfares the way of faith. formerly allowed.-The Sunday-School Times. Christian Progress in Belgium Protest Against Soviet Persecution AMONG Belgium's eight million people, only 50,000 are Protes- T HE Christian Protest Movement tant. Besides the state-supported against Soviet Persecution of Re- Union of Evangelical Churches and ligion, established in Great Britain, the Free Christian Missionary church, has held 270 meetings during the past there are several smaller groups, but year, with the support of all religious Belgium is a Romanist stronghold, organizations. There is now evidence though many are indifferent and many that the protest has reached Russia, merely formal. One secret of Catho- and has brought about some slight lic power in Belgium is its thorough modification. This has changed the organization of education from school policy of the Movement from one of age onwards, and the Protestant' demand to an appeal to the Russian churches cannot compete in this field Government to abandon religious perwith their weak schools and lack of secution.-The Christian. resources. Neverthele-ss, good work is done by colporteurs and the print- Atheism and Christianity in Russia ing press, and the work advances, however slowly. There is no question I N RUSSIA the war between atheof mas-s conversions. New converts ism and Christianity is on, and in are gained one by one, but the labor spite of the great power the atheists is not in vain.-Pastor Buse. exercise, the current is not wholly their way. In Dein Reich Komme we Socialists in Germany are given a remarkable account of the manner in which the Evangelicals and CHRISTIAN institutions in Ger- Baptists are progressing. In the many have been attacked by the Ukraine, according to Pravda, "the Socialists quietly but persistently. sects are no longer sects but great Catholic institutions are spared be- churches or even parties." In the cause of the political alliance between governments of Po!towa, Kherson, and Center and Socialist parties. It is Tver there are whole counties which, proposed to supplant the Protestant according to the Communist papers, nursing sisters and deaconesses with secular nurses and attendants. Re-

are drenched with this Christian and singing them well; black health propaganda. In the Soviet factories workers who, unsupervised, can and do the .sectarians win victory after vic- produce admirable malaria surveys and tory. Thus in the textile factory maps …. In Zanzibar I saw a native Chalturin there are two thousand medical orderly demonstrating hookworkmen who belong to the evangel- worms and hookworm eggs to the chilical societies against less than five dren in a little out-school; and their hundred Communists. The school answers to his questions showed that youth who come under the influence the village schoolmaster had already of the sectarians offer obstinate re- made the hookworm story quite clear to sistance to the Communist pioneers their minds." and draw to their ranks leading members of the Communist young people -The Congregationalist. organizations. The religious situation in Russia is no doubt dark enough, but Welcomed by Tribal Ohiefs the darkness seems to be that which precedes dawn. THE following letter bears the sig- nature of forty chiefs and tribal The Evangelicals of Russia are, ac- rulers of Menderland, Sierra Leone, and was addres·sed to the newly arcording to the American secretary of rived workers at the "Ward United Methodist church" at Bandajuma, esthe All-Russian Evangelical Christian tablished last year: Union, very 'active in improving the general life of Russia. We, the paramount Chief and Tribal Rulers, of Sowa Chiefdom, do hereby AFRIOA meet to welcome you, and we regard this first visit to our Chiefdom as a genuine Oan Blacks be Educated1 red-letter day.

JULIAN HUXLEY, in a recent num- Weare highly proud of the love and ber of the Atla,nticMonthly, dis- respect that you good people are showing cusse.s the possibilities: of "African to us since you started this Mission on Education." The educability of the the 13th of April, 1928. Other missions African and his capacity for intel- have come and failed, and for many lectual and creative work depends years we have been left alone, before it upon the proper opportunity and stim- pleased God to put it into the hearts of ulous. Biology has relatively little to good people in England to send our do with it. Huxley agrees with schol- friend, Rev. A. C. Lamb, to come and ars like Franz Boas, who are con- open the Mission here again. Everyone vinced that variations of mental of us here feels very glad to have the capacity within a race are much Mission here, to teach us and our chilgreater than between races, and that dren. .Although we are Mohammedans, racial capacities overlap very consider- yet we feel that there is one God ·who is ably. It is impossible to say that the both for white and black. capacity of one race is definitely higher than another. Mr. Huxley We wrote some time ago about having says: a white man here and also a hospital, but we have not heard anything from "I have seen dressers in charge of dis- our friend as regards what the good pensaries, clerks keeping the records of people in England will do for us…. We native courts, girls running maternity hope to hear good news. and infant-welfare stations with white inspection only once a month, men in We are ready to help the Mission on charge of a power station on a big whatever we are asked to do. It is our estate, schoolmasters who taught well wish and prayer that God may guide and had their heart in their job, fore- you both in your ruling, and that you men who could be trusted in sole control may prove a blessing to all the other of building operations-all blacks . . . . churches and schools in Sierra Leone Black students who were dissecting a and to the public in general.-Missioncadaver with commendable thorough- wry Echo. ness; a black choir singing Bach motetS', Testing Time. in Bafla SEVERAL fa c tor s are causing troublous times in the Cameroun. A letter from C. E. Whittier, of the Presbyterian Mission in Bafia, gives as one factor the new laws regarding the age of boys and girls allowed in

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK 3B9

school, the maximum age being twelve Church Growth in Nigeria to fourteen years. This has meant putting out 125 of the two hundred TWENTY-ONE years ago the Church boys of the French school, and several Missionary Society began missiongirls of marriageable age will not be ary work in the Isoko dIstrict of Niallowed to return. geria, West Africa. The results have been wonderful, the numblJr of Chris- Boys and girls put out of school tian adherents now numbering more can return to their parents, but wilf than 8,000 in the 120 towns having a not want to. Why? If they start a Christian church. It is estimated that cocoa garden or gather palm nuts, as sixty per cent of the Christians are soon as the garden has food ready women, though no organized women's to harvest the chief will send his work was attempted until a year ago police to get it, to supply the amount when two women missionaries were the government asks of him. The assigned to the village of Bethel. The chief may be paid for it, but the boy missionaries are hoping to establish will receive nothing. His labor is welfare centres and small maternity useless. Who can even counsel him homes in six towns in the district, to be industrious, when along every each centre to have a trained woman line of industry his labors will only midwife in charge.-The Christian. enrich his chief, not himself? Thanks From Abyssinia As for the girls, a real trial of faith is experienced when the native Mo- T HE Emperor of Abyssinia issued hammedan chief takes them by force a statement thanking all the Govinto his harem to be his wives. ernments of the world for the interest they have manifested in connection Notable Improvement with the event of his coronation, and for the practical aid given by Euro- MANY changes may be noted as pean and American people toward evidence of improved ·social con- realizing his hope of spreading civiliditions in West Africa. Cannibalism zation in his realm. He also said: is nearly extinct. Slavery is waning. Fetishism is greatly decreased. Most "In this hour in which my heart is of the harmful secret ·societies are lifted up to God, I must offer my heartpractically dead. Tribal wars may be felt thanks for all the good that Amerisaid to be at an end. Murder is very can missions have done for us. They rare, as compared with its frequency have helped to spread the Word of God in the United States. Polygamy is and Christian teaching in all parts of the very greatly decreased. The language country, and we especially thank the has been reduced to writing and the doctors, not only for their great services New Testament, portions of the Old to the members of the Emperor's family, Testament and' many textbooks have but because they have given the blessings been printed. The majority of the of health and strength to thousands of young men and boys, and some thou- my poor people." sands of women and girls can read and write. Young women have more Abyssinia is four times the size of freedom as to school and marriage, Great Britain. At present only seven and some are taking nurses' training of its forty-three provinces are occucourses; some become teachers, and pied by missionaries. Eight societies others dre·ssmakers. Time was when with 71 workers occupy ten stations. all day·s were alike. The introduction There are 72 native workers. The of the Sabbath was a novelty to these Province of Shoa with its capital of people, and has proven a great bless- Addis Ababa is fairly well occupied, ing. Last year's statistics showed having 36 missionaries, or about half that the attendance at Sunday-school the entire mission force. The rest of averaged 94,000. the country is practically untouched. A recent article in World Dominion speaks of the present emperor as a progressive whose desire is to awaken

the soul of the old Church of his coun- Ferment in Persto.

try for the uplift of the nation. It DR. E. M. DODD, writing from is estimated that a quarter of the Persia, says: "Sixteen years ago, adult population of the empire are while here, I heard the remark, 'Persia priests, deacons, or monks in the is a corpse with no one to bury her.' old Aby-ssinia Church. The Church Since then the national attitude has possesses one-third of the land. changed. There is a feeling that all -Woman's Missionary Magazine. things are possible." The country is WESTERN ASIA gradually being emancipated; is A Christian Monthly in Turkey awake to the fact that it is in the march of progress, even though hun- ONE of the daily Turkish papers dreds of miles behind. Education is Son Posta, representing the new making long strides, the most signifpolitical party, criticised the support icant fact being that the new program given by the Government to the maga- includes girls. Many new schools zine Muhit. We translate this as in- have been opened.

dicating the appreciation of the maga- "Hospitals and public health activ- zine ,on the part of the Ministry of ities are moving with only slightly less Education. momentum. Doctors must now be li- "In Istanbul, a monthly magazine censed for the fir.st time. A few cities under the title of Muhit is issued by have municipal hospitals, while in the Bible House, namely the Gospel Teheran, a small medical fraternity Home, whose purpose is to extend meets periodically. In Meshed there Christianity. This Christian Institu- is something similar.

tion prints the Gospel, circulates it, "After all is said, the picture ha's and makes propaganda of Christianity shadows, as well as high-lights. Many all over the country. It has some cross currents are at work; national- schools also in Istanbul and some other ism at times runs riot, and economic cities, where Christianity is taught. conditions are bad. With the Mullahs The Bible House has taken steps to losing their hold, irreligioOn is on the extend its activities, and has begun increase."

to publish missionary books. At the head of this magazine Muhit, is the INDIA, BURMA, SIAM director of the Literature Department Self-Gove1'1lment and Communalism of the Bible House. THE Methodist Episcopal Central "Very well! A missionary organiza- Conference in India, at its recent meeting, declared in favor of Domin. tion has been publishing a magazine. ion Status for India, and pledged help We shall not read it. That finishes in making this status a .success. The the matter! But the matter is not greatest obstacle they declared to be finished in that way. Since the change "communalism"-or the policy of sepin our script, many Turkish magazines arating Indians into distinct classes have been obliged to close, and none dependent on religion, race Ill' social of them has received a grant from the class. It was resolved "that we Department of Education. The Min- (Christians) have no intention of istry of Education has discovered only creating a separate political entity, this magazine to support, and has called the Christian Community . . . decided to buy 2,000 copies every We have no desire to build up around month. Surely it is not reasonable that the Ministry of Education should the Christian Church a separate social use its appropriation for the purpose and political entity … We desire of the extension of the new script to passionately a united India . . . If support a missionary institution; but those who desired to give their spirit- this is a fact, and a most grievous fact ual allegiance to Christ had been al- too!" lowed to stay in their homes and be

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

frank, open baptized Christians then been putting emphasis upon evangelthis communalism would not have been ism, but there is a call for more earbuilt up. Even now if those who de- nest and more united efforts. sire to follow Christ should be allowed to stay in their homes without In several of the Provinces a special social or political penalty then we are week of evangelism was set for March willing to see the Christian commu- 8th to 15th. In the United Provinces nity as a political entity fade out, a number of objectives have been set leaving the Christian Church as a for a month of evangelistic effort. moral and spiritual organization con- Here are the objectives: tributing its power to the uplift and regeneration of this land." 1. Every Christian taking part by definite prayer and definite witness- Thirty Million More in India ing; with the aim to sell at least ten Gospel portions-a hundred if pos- I NDIA'S population has increased sible. 30,000,000 during the last decade, according to the estimate in the pre- 2. Special visits in zenanas by liminary census returns. The census Christian women. of 1921 put the figure at 318,000,000, but figures now available show that 3. Public preaching, singing and during the last ten years there has Gospel selling in bazaars by bands of been an increase in population exceed- laymen and ministers. ing all estimates. 4. A rousing Christian procession Freedom from pestilence and fam- at some time during the week. ine, sanitation, medical facilities and more enlightened living generally have These objectives, if carried out, contributed to the increase which ap- wherever possible, will show the pears certain throughout India. earnestness M Christiims to win others to Christ. Burma's population has risen probably 12 per cent. Bikanir State takes Kalighat Ashram the lead, however, with an increase of 41.7 per cent, largely due to the com- BROTHER CHAKRAVARTY, a pletion of a large irrigation project converted Bengali of Calcutta, and the consequent immigration. makes daily visits to the Kalighat temple, where he talks with pilgrims Population increased 35 per cent in and priests. Having retained his the Ahmednagar district and 32 per Bengali name and dre'ss he can move cent in the adjoining Poona district above in such places without attractperhaps because 'Of similar new irri- ing much special attention…. gation works. But there was no decrease elsewhere, showing such gen- This is a purely Indian method and eral pressure of population that the Indians are doing the work. There is people immediately flow into the areas no preaching, no magic lantern lecproviding support far fresh inhabit- ture, no Gospel singing band. The ants. Guru sits in contemplation and the enquirers gather about him. Then he A Month of Evangelism reads a verse from the Word of God, followed by a verse, perhaps, from the I N CHINA, Japan, Korea and else- Bhagavadgita. Then he shows the where, Christian churches are more effective drawing power of the carrying forward definite united evan- Bible to bring men to God. Perhaps gelistic programs. In India such a one from the audience puts a question united plan has not yet been made, and either the Guru, or some member but the National Christian Council has of the audience answers it. The been asked to consider calling the "audience" may consist of two besides Churches of India to unite in such an our missionary or there may be as effort. The Churches of India have many as fifteen in the little room.

Pray that our missionary and his wife may be given strength of body, of mind, and of heart, that they may

be divinely guided in all that they at- finally reach the millions beyond.

tempt for the Kingdom.-V. M. [lahi- Each Church will be free to follow baksh. whatever methods it chooses. 2. The. n.t0vement ai~~ at emphasizing Methodists and the Madura Incident C~rIshan responsIbIlity for positive wltness and sharing with others our T HE recent central conference of experience in Christ. the Methodist Episcopal Church in Southern Asia, at its quadrennial ses- 3. The movement must seek to touch all sion in Cawnpore, India, put that denomination clearly on record as re- !aces, ,,:or)dng in all areas, employ- Ing varIetIes of method, and aiming at establishing the Kingdom of God in all relationships of life. The move- jecting the interpretation of mission- n.tent should be a searching examinaary "neutrality" which the British tIon of our social and industrial conauthorities set up in the case of the d}tions, t? see how far they are con- American Board Mission in Madura. SIstent WIth Christian principles. While recognizing that American missionarie-s "can take no part in political A definite objective may -spur the movements as such," the Methodists Church on to greater efforts of sacriwent on record as holding that "the fice and service. The Council suggests church cannot give itself over to or that "we aim at doubling the number ally itself with any government or of Christians within five years." Such political party or group." It was this a venture calls for great faith, but which the now famous letter of Magis- "All things are po-ssible to him that trate Hall told the American Board believeth." missionaries at Madura the British Government expected of them. The The Evangelistic Committee is Methodists upheld the rights of Chris- praying and working, surveying the tian Indians, Anglo-Indians and field, examining social and industrial Britons to engage in politics as their conditions, planning the pUblication consciences dictate. of direct evangelistic literature in va- rious languages, working out bold and daring methods, with a view to in- auguratng the movement at the annual A BurlUa for Ohrist Movement* meeting of the Council in July. "For T HE Burma Christian Council calls the next six months, the need is to the Church of Christ in Burma to catch the vision of God's purpose, to a movement to make Burma Christian. sanctify ourselves to be the agents of It calls for a fresh outlook and motive, that purpose, and by believing prayer, which begun in penitence and prayer, create an atmosphere in which a great continued in faith, joy and persever- forward movement may be born and ence, -shall regenerate in the Church set going with such momentum that of Burma that spirit which thrills no power can stop the coming of the through the pages of the Acts. The Kingdom of God in Burma."

call is primarily to prayer and peni- The Day of Opportunity in Burma tence, through Communion with God, to realize the greatness of His love, THIS is a day of great opportunity and the magnificence of His purpose. to lead the Burmese to know Christ. "This realization should express itself Returning through Mandalay from in a deepening spiritual life, a grow- the Aungpinle Association at Sagaing ing Christlikeness, a radiant joy, and a the Wesleyan preachers said: "Manpassion for bringing others to Christ." dalay is not like what it was before. They used to hate the Christians; There are three general principles, now they go out of their way to make on which, the movement ought to be friends with us. They may not acbased: cept our religion, but they want to know us." At Sagaing a group of 1. The "Burma for Christ" movement about fifty Buddhist elders came out should extend to every Christian, and in response to an invitation.

'" Condensed from The News" Rangoon, Burma, February, 1931.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

From Bassein, Henzada, Pegu and greater success than that reported in Moulmein come similar reports. The the press has been attained by the Buddhist people have listened with a Nanking Government in the struggle new eagerness and confessed their with rebellious hordes of Communists hunger for someone to trust. Burma and bandits. Some relief from finan- is weary of the doctrine of hate which cial calamity has also been secured has been so industriously preached through increased import duties.

from all sides during the past number The Manchurian leader, Chang of years and wants a gospel of love. Hsueh Liang, has not lost his hold on The economic distress resulting from the Northeastern provinces while low prices, the political risings and maintaining peace in Hopei, Shansi rumors of risings, robberies, murders, and the Northwest and gradually dis- ,sects and parties hating each other in banding the excessive armies in those the villages, have all made the Bur- provinces. Shantung has been more mans look with fear and distrust on peaceful than for several years.

one another, till they do not know As the result of reading the Bible where to turn. After nights of anx- and observance of the fruits of Chrisiety when they meet Christians in the tianity in his home, his social and povillages or bazaars, their faces bright- litical circle and in other relations the en with gladness because they know President, Chiang Kai Shek, has pro- Christians can be trusted and are claimed his C'onviction that for himbearers of love and help. In a world self and for his country, the Saviour of enemies, here are friends. Shout it out to the Christians all over Bur- and the hope is Jesus Christ. After confessing his faith and receiving ma. This is the day of opportunity baptism, he went back to his place of to show Christians love Buddhists.- peril and responsibility in the councils B. C. Case, in The News. of State to make clear, by deeds more News from Siam than by words, his belief that only the AN OUTSTANDING event of the truth can make China free and strong 1'l. year in Siam was the eighth meet- and "equal."-Courtney H. Fenn.

ing of the Far Eastern Association of Strong Leadership Needed Tropical Medicine, continuing for one week in Bangkok. One hundred and T HE Rev: George T. Scott, one of sixty delegates from abroad were pres- the Secretaries of the Presbyterian ent. Board, writes from Shantung: About two years ago the Interna- "In the eleven years since my pre- tional Missionary Council was asked vious visit to China, the most obvious to send a competent man to Siam for outward changes are (1) improved rural economic survey, in the hope roads and motor cars; (2) the well- that a scientific study of the rural informed and disciplined Chinese solpopulation and their problems would diers and police everywhere, in the assist the missions to make wiser and cities and towns, on the railways, drill- more far-reaching, plans. The Siamese ing on parade grounds and over rough Government is facing serious eco- terrain; (3) the many men of all ages nomic problems in connection with the in western dress, and practicaliy all rural situation, and is therefore eager girls and young women "bobbed," with a new independence of life and manto cooperate.-Station Letter. ners; (4) the shops filled with goods CHINA imported from America and Europe; Progress in China (5) and everywhere, at station plat- MORE progress has been made in forms and docks, on buildings and China in the last six months than fences and walls are pasted or painted in any previous similar period since large and small posters and signs to the revolution of 1911-12. Much inspire and to teach patriotism, na-

tionalism, anti-imperialism, popular nese Mission to Lepers decided to and party government. undertake. Shanghai is cursed with some 300 lepers most of whom are "In the present period of readjust- found in Chapei. These affiicted are ment among the most difficult has to not seen in the daytime, but appear do with Christian schools and colleges. on the streets at night. Some live Government regulations are unduly with normal persons, apparently unarestrictive, with a special bent against ware of the danger which lurks in religious worship and instruction. In them, while others even peddle food middle schools and higher institutions without the least interference by the voluntary religious exercises are per- police. There is no ruling that lepers mitted, but not in schools of lower cannot walk in public or engage in grade. The entire Christian move- petty trade, and consequently the most ment, missionary and national, con- dreaded disease of mankind is suffered tinually protests against these in- to victimize the innocent. The Chinese fringements of the liberty of private Mission has at its disposal funds for institutions. During this disturbed the erection and equipping of a home transition period, schools are being for these leper,s in the vicinity of continued and Christianity is being Shanghai. Unfortunately a site which conveyed to the students in many it obtained in Kiangwan was not apways, even where direct precept in the proved of by the Chinese municipal classroom is forbidden; often reli- authorities, neither was a second site gious worship and classes are held in in the Western District. a building adjoining the campus. At present, Christian schools are over- The work of the mission is undercrowded, largely because so many gov- taken by Chinese and foreign physiernment institutions are closed for cians free of charge. These volunteers lack of funds." have their regular duties, and as a consequence, cannot afford to go out Missionaries Murdered of the civic centers to render service to the lepers. It would hardly be fair THE murder of two American wom- to add physical hardship to their vol- en missionaries in the southern untary service which in most counprovince of Yunnan was reported in tries is provided by the government dispatches from there, March 18th. itself. The present deadlock between They were Mrs. Vera M. White and the mission and the Chinese authori- Mr·s. Victoria M. Miller, Seventh Day ties leaves the public only one choice: Adventists. to let the lepers run loose in its midst, or to house them under one roof rea- The crime is believed to have been sonably secluded from the congested committed by or upon the instigation sections.-The China Critic. of revengeful servants who were lately discharged under suspicion of being Standing Firm in Changsha. thieves. ~~NEVER was Christianity less like- The husbands of the women were ly to be stamped out in Changon their way from TaHfu to Yunnanfu, a 150-mile journey, and had been tele- sha," writes Rev. W. H. Clark of the graphed to hasten their return. Mrs. Hun a n Presbyterian Mis s ion. White's two children, Ardyth Marie "Though more than half the congreand Lorena Jean were uninjured and gation have been forced by imminent are being cared for by V. D. Parker, danger of a second communist occuof the Young Men's Christian Associ- pation to leave the city, the fire of ation.-Herald-Tribune. faith burns even the brighter in those who are here. In the humble little A Home for Lepers chapel of the primary school, 110 met for worship on Sunday. While the THE difficulty in selecting a site for hordes of Reds under Peng, Chu and a home for lepers has been retarding humanitarian work which the Chi-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Mao were hammering at our defense A. student secretary, and Dr. T. Z.

lines not over a mile and a half away, Koo, national student secretary of the and while the hills were ringing to Y. M. C. A.-Christian Advocate.

the sound of rifle and machine gun fire, even there a dozen Christians Finnish Missions in China dared to come to my looted home and T HE Finnish Missions in China are spend an hour in prayer. One Yale passing through great difficulties. boy, just two days before the fiercest In 1927 the greater number of their attacks, said: 'I am not afraid, I am missionaries were compelled to leave in the will of God,' and went off smil- China for many months. Some were ing. The next night his village was never to return to their stations. captured by the Red army and only Those who remained in Hunan were after three weeks did the government in danger of death daily for more troops reenter it. We have no news than half a year. The congregations of him, but I am confident he has were scattered, the churches desestood firm. That which we came to crated, the Chinese pastor,s and teach- China to give, the message of Christ, ers were persecuted, so that they had is a commodity which cannot be looted, to seek seclusion. destroyed, nor burned. We may have lost well over a hundred thousand dol- In February, 1930, three women lars; but there is a 'fellowship of missionaries in Kiangsi were mursuffering' worth infinitely more. Christ dered by Communists. They are the reigns in hundreds of hearts here; he first Finnish martyrs in the Chinese cannot be dislodged whatever comes; field. many a Christian is living the faith: 'Though he slay me, yet will I trust Nothwithstanding all these difficulhim.'" ties only 5% of the Christians gave up their faith. The work has been resumed and the missionaries and Chinese workers have gone long dis- Fifty Years of Service tances on tour and have found many T HE Anglo-Chinese College in Foo- open hearts. The work in the schools chow, under the Methodist Board, has been rendered generally imposwill soon complete fifty years of serv- sible on account of Government reice to China. Plans had been made strictions.

for only 400 stUdents, but when nearly 200 new boys applied for admission A Conference Under Difficulties U in September, acting President S. H. p TO within one week of meeting, it looked as if a conference this Lin arranged to take half of these applicants making an enrollment of year in Central China of the Christian 437 boys. The religious spirit among Alliance would be impos.sible. In July, the students has deepened becau,se of the rising tide of militant bolshevism the unusual activity of the school Y. swept over Changsha and threatened M. C. A. The school, through its six- the Wuhan Center, causing the Con- teen delegates, was host to the Joint suls to forbid their nationals residing Y. M. C. A.-Y. W. C. A. Summer Stu- in Wuchang.

dent Conference last September. The However, on September 2, the Con- boys, who carried on five Daily Vaca- suls lifted the ban and the conference tion Bible Schools during the summer was called. Many experienced trials, vacation, have brought the same spir- but the conference afforded new it of service into the Y. M. C. A. work. encouragement and inspiration. A Recently, over a hundred boys paid dominant note was praise for divine their own expenses to spend the week- protection amid warfare, lawlessness, end in the large Buddhist Monastery and opposition. In spite of the anti- on Kushau Mountain in a conference Christian agitation, one hundred and with Miss Kwaan, national Y. W. C. ten baptisms were reported. War-

fare, banditry, and communism had Whereas today, after seventy years been widespread, and yet evangelism of endeavor, the Christian churches had been carried on everywhere. have no more than 300,000 enrolled Many reported revival, some having members, or about one-half of one per been blessed with a week's meetings cent of the population, two modern held by four Chinese workers from sects of Shinto, not yet fifty years Bethel Mission, Shanghai. old, both incorporating in their tenets and practices features closely resem- The appointment of several "travel- bling those of Christianity, number ing evangelists"-who are really dis- over five million adherents, or nearly trict or provincial pastors-has been ten per cent of the population of modamply justified by their good workin ern Japan. Hunan and Anhwei. The spirit of love and unity and the competent way These sects are not in any real in which some Chinese brethren con- sense Christian; they are obviously ducted the business of conference, subChristian, and any crystallization greatly encouraged us concerning the of the process of development at the future of the church.-Rev. Howard present stage would leave Japan's lead- Van Dyck. ing religious movements manifestly pagan in spirit and rite. Yet these JAPAN AND CHOSEN trends chart the course over which Japan's religious development is mov- Bibles in Jq.panese Hotels ing.-T. T. Brumbaugh.

ABOUT four years ago the "Gid- Empress Aids Leper Work eons" applied for permis·sion to place Bibles in the Imperial Hotel at ST. BARNABAS' MISSION TO Tokyo, but without success. Other LEPERS, Kusatsu, is rejoicing in attempts were made later but met with a gift of seven thousand yen from refusal. However, one of the Chris- the Dowager Empress of Japan. For tians in the management kept the re- many years she has been accumulatquest in mind, and recently word came ing funds for the benefit of the lepers that the management had decided to of Japan by setting aside a certain accept the offer. part of her annual income. On No- vember 10, 1930, this fund was dis- Sunday, November 2d, was set for tributed to the various leper charities, the dedicatory service in the banquet Imperial, Roman Catholic, Anglican, hall of the hotel. Notice of the serv- and Buddhist. With the exception of ice was put in the main lobby. Short the Government Asylum, this Episcoaddresses were delivered by a mis- pal Mission received the largest sionary and by the representative of amount. With this fund it is hoped the Gideons, Captain Swinehart. The to establish a leper settlement suffimanager expressed his appreciation ciently attractive to draw lepers in and the hope that those Bibles would large numbers from all parts of the be helpful to many guests. No doubt, country for voluntary segregation.- that was the first time the Bible was Spirit of Missions. read and prayer offered in that banquet hall.-Bible Society Record.

A Christianized Buddhist Sect Purity Campaign THE Shin sect of Buddhism has THE campaign against licensed adopted so much of obviously prostitution has been called to the Christian thought-forms and method- attention of the Japanese public ology in Japan as to change the very through petitions presented to eleven character and spirit of Buddhism. meetings of the prefectural assemblies. This sect more than any other chal- Two of these passed biHs abolishing lenges the imaginations and commands licensed vice, making seven assemblies the loyalty of modern Japanese. which have recently declared for aboli-

1931J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

tion. In one prefecture the victory graduates will enter the Theological came as the result of a well-organized Seminary in Pyengyang. Others seven-year fight, during which 135,000 have gone out to start new churches individual petitions, one long petition and win others to Christ. Rev. W. J. containing 60,000 names, and petitions Anderson, the principal writes: "We from over 650 organizations were pre- have some very fine men. Many peosented. The leadership of this move- ple have told me of the great blessing ment is in Christian hands but it ha·s the Bible school students are bringswept far beyond the limits of the ing to territory around Seoul thr,ough church and appeals to the best thought revival meetings and Sunday services of the nation. The medical associa- they are conducting. One student who tions and patriotic societies are coop- was not able to continue his work on erating and purity leagues are organ- account of lack of funds has been used ized in many parts of the country to to start a revival in a village ten miles back up the campaign.-WiUis Lamott. from Seoul. One graduate spent sev- enty days last summer in prayer and Sai Nai Reforms Bible study alone on an island. He returned in power and has been won- SAl NAI, on a river island near derfully used." Seoul, was a notoriously rowdy town. Village feuds played havoc with Christ and Apples the Christian school, interest lagged in church work. Following a week of PUKCHUDONG is a country village revival meetings, and a visit by the whose ·life has been enriched by missionary in charge of the group, Christ and apples. Luscious "red about thirty young men of the village jade" and "light of the nation" are organized a School Boosters Associa- grown in great abundance, because tion, assumed full responsibility for Christian elders have gone at the apall finances of church and school, ple industry with the same thoroughagreed to send more students, started ness as they conduct their church. The a night school, pledged themselves not more apples produced, the more conto touch liquor or tobacco, or gamble, verts secured, it would seem; and the and made it so clear to the head of better Christians they become, the betthe village that things must be dif- ter apples they strive to grow. "And ferent that he resigned. The village so the Lord be thankit," writes Rev. people met and decided that whoever William Scott. was chosen to succeed him must be a Christian.-Korean Broadcasts. The headman of the village is a non- Christian, who once gave much trouble Bible Training in Seoul by his opposition. Reporting on his community at a district meeting of SEVENTEEN Korean young men headmen he said: "It may seem like were graduated on March 18th from boasting, but I believe I have the best The Pierson Memorial Bible School community in the township. Our peoat Seoul. This is the largest class in ple are sober and industrious. There some years and the students have is no carousing, no wrangling, no had a systematic course of study, in thieving. Our folk are of specially the Bible, church work, preaching and good stock." Another village headpersonal evangelism. The week ends man, also a nonChristian, broke in and summer vacations have been spent with the retort: "Good stock, nothing! in teaching, preaching, and personal Your people are the Bame breed as work and most encouraging reports mine. Everybody knows what makes have come of reviva}.s and churches the difference. Take the Christian strengthened. Most of the under church out of your district and you graduates are planning to spend their will be back where we are."-Korean vacation in this work. Some of the Echoes.

~~Tithing Storehouse" While Christian in character and pur- K ONGJU, Korea, has a "Tithing pose, it is not designed to further the Storehouse" as a feature of its special interests of any church 'Or Christian program. This storehouse, other institution. The officers of the association are: 12×12 feet, was erected at the same Rufus M. Jones, president; Mary time as the church, and is probably E. Woolley, vice-president; Paul Wilthe only one of its kind. Christians liam Alexander, recording secretary; bring in the tithe of their rice and Charles J. Ewald, exe.cutive secretary; barley crop, and from this the pas- Robert A. Doan, chairman, Executive tor's food is supplied. Committee.

The pastor, while not a medical graduate, is widely read in medicine; RlLce Prejudice in Great Britain his father is a doctor of the old school, his brother a practitioner of the new. I NSPIRED by movements in the He keeps on hand simple medicines United States and South Africa, and ointments; has healed many mi- the Society of Friends in London has nor ailments and sent many serious instituted a "Joint Council to Promote cases to the Christian doctor in Kong- Understanding Between White and ju. He makes no charge for treat- Colored People in Great Britain," ments, thus avoiding any complications which is described in The Spectator (London) for February 14. "Among with government officials, and local its aims are the study of the misunpolice and government officials are derstandings arising from color prejamong his regular patients.-Chris- udice; an attempt to deal wisely with tian Advocate. cases of the 'color bar' as they arise, GENERAL the encouragement of personal con- tacts and the encouragement 'Of an ap- Association for Christian Cooperation preciation in Great Britain of the T HIS association will seek through contributions of colored people to hu- correspondence, exchange of visits, man welfare." lectureships, public forums, discussion The need for this organization in centers and by any other suitable Great Britain, with its 300,000,000 col- means to stimulate fellowship among ored subjects, is emphasized because those in the United States and other "color prejudice ……cannot be re- countries who are of like mind in the garded as the hallmark of civilization, desire to produce a Christian culture for some of the most civilized peoples with no circumscribed limits. No do not possess it. France has ap- elaborate or standardized organiza- pointed Diagne, a native of Senegal, tion is desired. Except for the modest to the post of Under-Secretary of State expense of maintaining a small office for the Colonies in M. Laval's Cabi- and conducting its meetings, the asso- net."

ciation will operate strictly on the "Much of the ill feeling toward basis of projects and in harmony with Great Britain in India today arises, the following principles: not from a sense of political griev- Projects will not be initiated or ad- ance, but from some personal slight, ministered by the Corporation. imagined or real. At a moment when Projects will be supported by the vot- we are straining every nerve to bring ing of a fixed total amount or by annual about a permanent understanding begrant for a fixed and usually limited tween the peoples of India and ourperiod. ·selves, based on friendship …… can we afford 'to send home (to India) No financial commitments shall be every year hundreds of embittered made unless funds shall have been pro- and disillusioned students, with nothvided in cash, negotiable paper or pledges from responsible Foundations.

The association is incorporated un- ing but unhappy memories of their der the laws of the State of Ohio. stay in England?' "

WORTH

SE3ll~ Any books mentioned in these columns wilt be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Young J. Allen, "the Man Who Seeded It affords a classified index to multi- China." By Warren A. Candler, D.D., farious needs, and gives striking evi- LL.D. 245 pp. $1.50. Cokesbury Press, dence of the many American agencies Nashville. 1!)31. now at work for the needy. "The Year Book is not an encyclopredia of Dr. Timothy Richard once said that social problems or social conditions; "the books of Allen have hurled the Chinese gods from their pedestals." it is a record of organized efforts in The record of this noble life, if con- the United States to deal with such densed and put into more modern problems. The problems themselves form, would win youth to. the great are discussed only to the extent that adventure. The style of thiS old fash- is necessary for an understanding of ioned missionary biography is apt to the forms of social work related to alienate the' sophisticated. In speak- them. No problem or social condition ing of Dr. Allen's oratorical powers is described unless some agency exists we have this sentence: "I searched for its control, prevention or study."

his eye, which was clear as his The topical articles which constitute thought, saw that once or twice dur- Part I are arranged alphabetically, ing the hour it was softened by a and there is a classified index under tear like a dew drop, held in its place such headings as Child Welfare, Menby the self-restraint of a kingly will." tal Hygiene, Health, Industry, Crime, Dr. Allen was distinguished for his Recreation, Church Social Work, etc. literary work which includes nearly The contributors have been carefully one hundred and fifty volumes, orig- selected but some of the articles are inal or translated. provokingly brief. In Part II we have He went out as a pioneer mission- a complete list of national agencies ary of the Southern Methodist Epis- engaged in social work, arranged al- copal Church, during the trying days phabetically and later classified under of reconstruction. He mastered the Protestant, Jewish, Roman Catholic, Chinese language and script, founded Y. M. C. A., etc. The article on Ima newspaper and engaged in evangel- migrants and Foreign Communities ism. In forty years of work, battling contributed by Edith Terry Bremer against ·superstition and idolatry, he is illuminating. All of the entries are is said to have had only a week's sick- accompanied by select bibliographies.

ness and then "he fell dead in his Altogether it is a work worthy of the harness," May 30, 1907. The book Russell Sage Foundation. S. M. Z.

contains some noble tributes from his.

fellow missionaries and an excellent The X Y Z of Communism. By Ethan T.

portrait. S. M. Z. Colton. Illustrated. 8 VO. 423 pp. $3.00. Macmillan. New York.

Social Work Year Book. By Fred S. Hall. The author is one of the secretaries 600 pp. $4.00. Russell Sage Founda- of the International Committee of the tion. New York. 1930. Y. M. C. A. and spent some years in Those interested in national mis- Russia. He has a vital message in sions or in the social uplift of the un- this volume which bears a striking fortunate and neglected in our country title. It represents an effort to make will welcome this excellent handbook. clear the results in Russia of the theo- 399

ries expounded in "The A. B. C. of of purpose, beside which our Chris- Communism," one of the propagandist tian missionary organizations seem documents is·sued by present-day Bol- feeble and lukewarm. The volume is shevists. After defining and describ- well documented, and contains a num- ing the "class war," the author ber of illustrations from the Soviet explains .the dictatorship of the pro- press. The Glossary is excellent but letariat of the industrial workers as the index is incomplete. The judg- an instrument for the conquest of so- ments expressed are sincere, well bal- ciety by Communism. He then shows anced, and convincing. Our conviction how this differs from all other forms is that the only hope for Russia is of socialism. Jesus Christ. S. M. Z.

But Russia has not attained a real "dictatorship of the proletariat." It The Good Earth. By Pearl S. Buck. 375 is ruled rather by a dictatorship of pp. $2.50. John Day Co. New York. the Communist party. Mr. Colton describes their principles, their aims, and 1931. their program. The First International (1864-1872), laid the founda- Many missionaries have written tions for Socialism. The Second good novels but it is not often that a International (begun in 1889 and still missionary's story is selected as "the continuing) was supplanted by the book of the month." This means a Third International (1919), which very large assured sale and a reading threw overboard all restrictions and by nonmissionary minded folk. proclaimed "the Communist Revolution can be victorious only as a World Mrs. Buck was herself a Presbytee Revolution." rian missionary in China and married Dr. J. Lossing Buck of Nanking Uni- Mr. Colton fearlessly describes the versity so that she has inhaled the effect of Communism on marriage and atmosphere of China that her novel breathes out. Her first novel "East Wind, West Wind" also deals with the home life, and the restrictions laid Chinese life and her interpretation of upon religious organizations. The her adopted country has been com- hostility to all religion proves that pared with that of Lafcardio Hearn the root of this hatred is not because for Japan.

of the "Orthodox Church," nor is it "The Good Earth" is not a mission- due to the hostility of the Jews. The ary story and on the surface seems purpose in the minds of the leaders unrelated to missions or to Christian- is to extirpate religion in every form. ity. It is a somewhat surprising novel Their own testimony to this effect is to come from a missionary's pen.

monotonously uniform and convincing. With great literary merit, a true to "Created and constituted to make ag- life Chinese atmosphere, a realism gressive and effective this aggregate that is sometimes raw, the story de- army of man, woman, and child-power scribes vividly the life of a Chinese for the eradication of religion, is the farmer who rises from deep poverty Society of the Militant Godless-the to wealth and at the same time sinks tireless, pitiless, presiding mind of from honest independence and simple the propaganda and the persecution. strength to self-indulgence and a slav- Its head is Yaroslavsky, Secretary of ery to material things. While the the Party Control Commission (the story is not altogether pleasant read- Inquisition of Communism), an in- ing it is of absorbing interest and strument of power second only to the deeply impresses both the strength Political Bureau of the Party and the and the weaknesses of Chinese char- O. G. P. U." This chapter is a star- acter and customs. Without pointing tling revelation of the effectiveness of a moral the picture here given shows an agency for the propagation of anti- vividly the need of the Chinese for Christian beliefs and practices; it the truth, the ideals, the joy and the shows an intensity of zeal and a unity power that come from Christ.

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1931

BEVELLS ANN&aCI: '

AVOID THIS ~. MISFORTUNE LET YOUR GIFT "I know of no one more deserving to Foreign Missions of sympathy than a woman with limited I resources, without children to advise PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME her, without business experience, sud- denly left a widow and compelled to You can make a generoUS gift to foreign mis- settle an estate." sions and have a needed income for yourself and others from the money you give by the Who will be her advisor? Who will share her troubles and re- Annuity Gift Plan sponsibilities? Who will provide for her in case of This plan relieves you of uncertain ty and loss of principal? worry caused by changing va]ues of invested funds and assures you a fixed income of This can all be avoided by investing your savings in Annuity Agreement. 4t% to 9% per year of the Methodist Mission Boards. for the rest of your life For furilier illformation write: A reserve fund of over $1.500.000 guarantees MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board I the prompt payment of annuities to you.

of Foreign llissiolls of the Methodist Protect yourself against loss through unwise investments and at the same time E Yor,kl, _N'. YC.h,"cocrh. ISO Fl"h A"""" Ncw I help send the gospel to all the world.

W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer, Board of For .lull in/ormation wrz"te Erne.t F. Hall~ Secretary~ Dept. of Annuiti•• Home :Missions and Church ExtenslOn of the ~ ethochst Episcopal Church, 170 Arch BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS St, Philadelphia Pa. of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

156 Fifth Avenue. New York – – – – – – – —–~ ~ — PERSONALS School of Missions at Mount Hermon, THE REV. HERBERT F. LAFLAMME has California, has been reelected chairman recently become promotion secretary for and has plans under way for the next the New York area for The American school, July 4-11, which will be the Mission to Lepers. He will be associated .. ..'" twenty-fifth session of the school.

with the General Secretary, Mr. Wm. M. DR. S. H. CHESTER, for some years the Danner, with headquarters at 156 Fifth honored and beloved secretary of the Avenue. For eighteen years Mr. La- Executive Committee for Foreign Mis- flamme served as a Baptist missionary sions of the Presbyterian Church in the in India. For three and a half years United States, celebrated his eightieth he was Traveling Secretary for the Stu- birthday on January seventeenth at the dent Volunteer Movement for Foreign home of his daughter in Passaic, New Missions, for ten years he was one of Jersey. … … …

the Field Secretaries of the Laymen's Missionary Movement, and for the last DR. JOHN M. MOORE has resigned as general secretary of the Federal Counten years he has been Field Secretary cil in charge of the development of state and local federation. The direction of the Greater New York Federation of of these features of the Federal Council is now to be in the hands of Dr. Roy B. Churches. '" … Guild, with headquarters in Chicago.

Upon THE REV. DR. J. A. MOREHEAD, THE REV. AND* M*RS*. JONATHAN Go- president of the Executive Committee of FORTH, of China, have started back for their difficult field in Manchuria, leaving the Lutheran World Convention, the Toronto on December 26th.

King of Denmark and Iceland has be- THE REV. C. R*AN*KIN* BARNES, rector stowed knighthood in the Order of of St. James' Church, South Pasadena, Calif., has been elected assistant secre- Dannebrog. The honor was conferred tary of the Department of Christian So- cial Service of the National Council of for relief service in Europe as commis- the Protestant Episcopal Church, sioner of the National Lutheran Council and distinguished service to the churches and to the. nations through leadership in the Lutheran World Convention move- … … . ment.

MRS. W. E. CROUSER, who successfully guided the 1930 session of the Federate Please mention THE MISSIONARY RIIlVIIIlW OF THill WORLD In wrltlnl: to advertisers. Missionary Society J. P. BUNTER, B.A., L.L.B., of Poona, Workers and Members India, died on November 25th at the age of 58. He was a strong Christian and was WiliWeleome Government Pleader and Public Prose- cutor at Poona. Though a lawyer by This 8-Section 20-Lesson Course by profession, which involved great pres- sure of legal work, he took the keenest Rev. R. H. Grover, M. D., F. R. G. S. interest in Christian work, and for nearly 40 years was a pillar of strength O~p~~~le~r~a;w~i~~i°:tefi~~e~e~~;ma~3e O{aSl~ to the C. M. S. Church at Poona. He was a member of the All-India Council opportunities for further missionary effort~ of the National Missionary Society rep- What and how much of it can you conscientiously resenting the Bombay Presidency. His say that you know? zeal for the preaching of the Gospel was great and he found in the Bible the In every church, in every missionary society, whole inspiration of his devoted life and in the life and experience of every church worker worship. Last year he was chosen as -there comes a time when only specific facts wi]] the president of the Bombay Representserve. For these reasons this 20-Lesson Course ative Council of missions. One of the becomes living monuments of his self-sacrificing achievements is the development of an a Real Help and Inspiration to educational institution at Hadapsar, five Every Student 01 Missions miles from Poona, for the education of the agricultural classes. The Govern- Eager to know this Special Field ment recognized his merits and nomi- nated him a member of the Bombay If you are not alreadY enroJled 8S a Correspondence Legislative Council. In 1928 he was Student. why not start with this course of Home awarded the Kaiser-i-hind medal. Study with the view of becoming the missionary authority in your ch urch or foreign mission circle? By ** the MOOdy Bible lnstitute method YOU may acquire the necessary knowledge in the quiet privacy of your RAJA SIR HARNAM SINGH, K.C.I.E., own home through a c:ourse of inspiring. stimulating the veteran Indian Christian leader and home study lessons prepared by a leading authority. first president of the National Mission- ary Society of India, died last year. Especially suitable'for classes. Greatly reduced fees Born in a princely family his conversion for classes of ten or more. was romantic and entailed a stupen- dous sacrifice of power and prestige. Sign and mail the coupon below and let us send full Deeply interested in the welfare of the information concerning this training for Christian Indian Christian community, his maniworkers. fold activities reveal the greatness of the departed soul. He gave over half MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE a lakh of rupees for the benefit of Indian Christian scholars. The King recognized CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL the services of the Raja to the Empire by making him a K.C.I.E. He was a Dep. 4684-··153 In.tit.t. PllCe CHICAGO member of the Chamber of Princes, and was a Moderator of the General As- – – – I~h;~:i~~e~n:;i;::—– sembly of the United Church of India, North. I Dept. 4684. 153 Institute Place. Chicago. W. I Send me further particulars regarding your World ** I W[de Missions Course of Home Study. REV. WILLIAM EDWARD GOWARD, a I Name…. ……………………………………… missionary of the London Missionary Society, for over thirty years in Samoa L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I I Address………………………. ,…………… ,…………………………..~ , and the Gilbert Islands, died in Worth- ing, England, on February 16th. Mr. OBITUARY Goward was born at Market Har- borough in 1860, and went out to Samoa DR. EUGENE S. BOOTH, who went to in 1888. From 1899 until their retire- Japan in 1879, as a missionary of the ment in 1910 Mr. and Mrs. Goward Reformed Church in America, died in worked under the trying climatic and New York on February 9th. He was isolated conditions of the Gilbert Islands. born on August 16, 1850, in Trumbull, Their Central Trading Station at Rongo- Connecticut, and was graduated from Rongo was a model of order and organ- Rutgers College in 1876. For thirty ization, a settlement of 320 people with years he was President of Ferris Sem- neat houses, spacious church and school inary, Yokohama, retiring in 1922. buildings for the separate grades of students, printing and other workshops; ** boathouses, stores, and two airy houses for Europeans, exactly suited to the THE REV. S. B. ROBOLD, well-known breathless climate. principal of tbe Mount Carmel Bible School, Haifa, Palestine, died in February. He was a converted Hebrew and formed a wonderful link between Judaism and Christianity. For some years he supplied the notes on mission work among Jews for the REVlEW. Last January the Editor of the REVIEW and Mrs. Pierson visited Mr. and Mrs. Robold in Haifa and saw evidences of their remarkable work.

Plt~fise m('lltion 'rJ1E MISSIONARY REVlEW Oil' THE WORl.D in writing- to ailvertisel's. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD P)I;I.ALN I,. PIP:;RSON, Edltur CONTENTS-April, 1931 Cblaese Twice-Bora By Charles E. Scott Page Studies of spiritual tragedies and triumphs in the FHO.'TISPIECE ….•…•….•.••.••• 244 lives of Chinese Christians, by the author of WONDERS AlIIOl>G CASTE PEOPLE .. · . . • . . . . • . • . • • • CHARI,ES -V. POSNETT 245 "China from Within." $1.50 A HEVIVAL IN HYDERABAD •.•••••• Gods 01 Wealth aad War • ••••••••••••••• CHARLES R. MANLEY 249 By James Livingstone Stewart TRENDS IN TIlE NON-CHRISTIAN WORLD •..•.•… SAMUEL M. ZWEMEB 251 A tale of Modern China by the author of "The lIAS CHRISTIANITY CHANGED? …•. Laughing Buddha." Grim, gripping, romantic, • •••••.••.••.•.•.•• "'". Y. l!""ULLERTON 251 yet over ninety per cent history. $2,00 PRAYER AND COOPERATION IN CHINA ……………. C. Y. CHENG 259 A UNITED CHURCH IN PUERTO RICO Korea: Tbe Old aad the New • •…•.. }l'REI)ERICK LESLIE BaOWNJ..EE 263 'fnE TRAGEDY OF THE INDIAN STU- DENTS ………..•.•……..••••• 266 YOUNG PEOPLE AND THE CHURCH •• By Ellasue Wagner ……………• : …• RALPH McAFEE 267 HOW GIVE THE GOSPEl, TO MOSLEMS A picture of present-day Korea in a day of radi- •….•••••.. 111. A. QAYYUM DASKAWIE 270 cal change and transition, including a study of A GLDIPSE OF HAMLET LIFE IN Il>DIA . . . • . . . . • . • • . JAMES 111. BAKER 273 the heritage of the past, and the problem of ~'HE CRISIS IN PALESTINE •.••••••.• Korea's future. Illustrated, $1.50 …………………. S. B. ROHOLP 276 Alrican Stories IlELIGIOUS INTERESTS IN JAPAN .. By Albert D. Helser, M.A .. • •••••••••••••••••• GORDON CHAPMAN 279 Introduction by Franz Boas, Columbia University TOPICS OF THE TIMES ••••••.••.••• 281 Upwards of eighty stories dealing with every "'HY NOT MORE PROGRESS? conceivable phase of native life and culture ']~HE BATTLE AGAINST CHRIST among the Buras of Northeastern Nigeria.

THE VORLD AND THE REVIEW Illustrated. $1.75 METHODS FOR WORKERS .•..••.••• Where Day Dawns · . . . . . . EDITED HY MRS. ~'. I. JOHNSON 285 A Japanese Reader WOMAN'S HO~fE AND FOIlEIGN BUL- LETIN …•…•..••.••.•..•.•••••• 292 By Maude Whitmore Madden WO)(LD·WIDE OUTLOOK .•….••.•.. 298 nOOKS WORTH READING……….. 311 TER.MS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 In clubs of Author of "Young Hearts in Old Japan" five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, Stories, legends, poem. old and new, scraps of 25 cents. Published montbly. ~opyrlgbted. verse. proverbs. translations and ancient folk lore concerning the Sunri.e Kingdom. 1931, by lIrSSIONARY REVIEW PUBL.ISHING COM- PANY, I~c. All rights reserved. 'f> Illustrated, $1.50 The Pool "1 Sacrilice THE MISSIONARY REVIEW. PUBLISHING A story of Central America CO;);IPANY, INc. By Josephine Hope Westervelt UOHERT E. SPEER, President 'V'lLLIAlI I. CHAM8ERLAIN, Vice-PreBident The young adventurers of Mr.. Westervelt's DELAVAN L. PIERSON, SecretMY story make their way through almost impene- VALTER McDOUGALL, TrefUlurer trable jungles and along swampy trails to meet Puhlication OID.ce, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa.. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. up with thrilling experiences. $1.50 Editorial and Business Olllce, 156 Fiftb Avenue, FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY New York City New York: 158 Fifth Avenue Entered as second·claBs matter at tbe Post 01Hee, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of l!rfarch Chicago: 851 Cass Street 3, 1879.

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CASTE GlRLS ARE CARRIED 'I'O SCHOOL IN NOR'l'H

They are taken into the Dlission school compound in this closely covered, improvised sedan chair, that no mun may sce their faces by NORTH INDIA MISSION SCHOOL GIRLS WITH THEIR WRITING TABLE'l'S

LIV, No.4 April,1931

THE MISSIONARY %eWO..-~ WONDERS AMONG CASTE PEOPLE BY REV. CHARLES W. POSNETT, Medak, Nizam's Dominions, India Mi88ionary of the lVe81eyan Methodfst Mi88iQnaru Society} 1899- PERSECUTION is very bitter it, but the villagers united together here, but on the whole it is less and dug another well, and u'ntil determined. Our people have that was ready they fetched water been dragged' to the courts time from a lake where all the cattle after time and have lost time and drink and wallow, where clothes money and much of their harvest are washed and the holy Brahmins by the bitter persecution of the vil- always bathe, wash their teeth and lage chiefs. Still, their patience then drink. Everywhere I am try- and courage is winning. One chief ing to persuade them to dig wells stopped the road by cutting down so that they may have a pure water trees across the public way thus supply and escape the scourge of hoping to stop my coming to his plague .and cholera and smallpox village. They hate the idea of the which are constantly breaking out people becoming Christians because in the villages of Hyderabad. These they know that it means that the stagnant lakes which are found day of injustice and forced labor near every village are a constant and cruelty will have to pass away. danger as long as the people use In another village, where people this foul water for drinking.

are determined to be baptised and One of our best men, John, has where they beg for a teacher, the taken charge of a new village called village chief had one of the elders Lakmashantha. He and his wife put in prison on some paltry and children are living in one little charge. The charge was dismissed, tiny grass hut, 9 feet wide by 12 but he was kept in prison waiting feet long, as big as an English scul- for trial eleven days on account of lery, in terrible heat. We have holidays. In such ways these ene- neither a house or a well for them, mies try to do everything to dis- and every day he fetches water courage young beginners but they half a mile from the village lake.

have not succeeded. In this very 1. am amazed at the bravery and village our evangelist has been patience of John and his wife. The given part of the house of one of walls are full of holes where snakes the caste people in spite of all the and scorpions abound. This little threats of the village chief. shed gets full of mosquitoes and In another village the chief hat! other insects and it is hard for the polluted the caste well so that our children to sleep in this hot weath- would-be Christians could not use er. No wonder they have been iII.

245

Surely the patience and the brav- and inspired them to keep themery of such men and women puts selves and their homes clean. She us all to shame. was determined to teach them the stories of Jesus. She proposed that In Khanapur the hatred and op- they should act the story of the five position of the village chief was Virgins but their husbands said, very bitter. At last we were given "You are not dancing girls to do a small grass thatched shed belong- this sort of thing." Ruth was not ing to one of the caste enquirers. to be beaten and said, "I will do it Benjamin had only been there a with you and we will act it tofew days, and when he went out gether, and then your husbands early in the morning to bathe and will say nothing if I am doing it returned he found all his boxes, also." Last week we saw these clothes and everything put out on women telling the story of the Virthe road and the whole of his little gins. They had ten improvised hut had been pulled down to the torches and they had brought their ground. This village is so far away own little brass vessels, five of them that the hands of the Government had oil and five of them none. The are not strong. Many would have whole village gathered to see them given up in despair but this man tell the story and it was a perfect is holding 'on and making friends. joy. They were so clean and so changed in appearance. They evi- I was greatly cheered with some dently love and adore Ruth. The of the village women. Wherever story was simple and they had we have a good evangelist's wife made everything with their own hands. The whole village followed there the women are clean and the story with breathless interest. eager for service and gather every I was delighted because I feel that night at the evangelist's house. One we must get hold of the women of of our best teachers, called Rat- these caste villages, otherwise they nam, had been teaching her women will never cease from secret longto make their children's clothes. ing after idolatry. We must get They prepared the thread and then them out of their zenana homes and they engage the village tailor to get them accustomed to taking part make the little garments. Ratnam in services. Ruth's example has beis one of the best of our teachers, come an inspiration to all the Bible she gets all the women together women in the District. while they are making thread from the cotton flowers with their The other day one of our pastor's little hand machines and she teach- wives was taken ill, and though she es them stories. The elders were was well known as an outcaste eager and the women learned a lot woman by birth, the caste women about the life of Christ. We have of the village came and cooked for an old Brahmin in this village, her and cleaned up her house. What who is also an eager Christian, and a miracle this is! It is the more is not ashamed to have the out- wonderful because 30 years she castes come to a prayer meeting in was a devil priestess, standing his house. naked on the streets of that very village, her hair had never been Another of our best women, washed or cut or combed. She had called Ruth, is doing wonders in such a beautiful face that my sister Sonipet. She found the women most indifferent and dirty, but by kindness she won them to her home

llJ31] WONDERS AMONG CASTE PEOPLE

could not bear to think of her be- until I promised to send them an coming a public prostitute and evangelist. They told me they had devil priestess, and we rescued her. been ten times to Nirmal to plead Now she is the minister's wife in with our Indian minister but he that village and the caste people had neither the man nor the money love her enough to come and cook to send one.

for her. Testimonies of Caste Hindus At our Summer School for Caste Hindus in Medak, we planned to One of the remarkable features receive 250, but every day mes- of our meetings has been the testi- sages came that more were begging monies of these Caste Hindus.

to come. On Thursday they were (1) Narsimha Rao John is the coming all through the night, and village chief of Adivi KowtIa. It is at the opening service on Friday seven years ago since I baptised a morning there were 640 Caste Hin- few families of caste and outcastes dus-men and women from all over in that village. At the baptism Hyderabad. Many were already service in the river, this old chief baptised, but about 250 were still came to watch. While I was exhesitating on the brink of decision. amining them he listened carefully, They had learned a good deal about Christ and many had been giving and when they vowed their lives regularly to the Church, but the to Christ I asked him what he final public confession stood in the thought. He hesitated and then way. They came to hear more Df said, "They are doing right, your Jesus, and during that first service Jesus is the true God." I never they behaved as if they had been thought this man would himself accustomed to reverent public wor- soon come to the feet of our Lord. ship for years. It is almost unbe- Three years· ago he came to the lievable that all these caste people, Summer School, and begged for baptism. In our Church he stood who twenty years ago would not up before them all and said, "I have even come into our compound be- searched all the Hindu holy books, cause it was the home of "out- but there is no story in the world castes" and who would not drink like the story of Yesu Swami and the water from our wells because I am going to give my life to Him." outcastes were drawing water. Now they stayed with us, drank For three years he has been one our water and ate the food that of our most enthusiastic voluntary was prepared for them. It is a evangelists. Wherever he has gone miracle when you think of the posi- he has witnessed for His Master. This year he came again, and tion only five years ago. standing up before the whole Another remarkable feature of crowd he said, "No pressure from this Summer School is that no less the missionaries or from the Indian than 70 women turned up having padries would ever have made me walked 30, 40 and even 60 miles to be baptised, but I 'tasted' Jesus to the station, and many of them in my heart and the sweetness of having paid their own fare on the His 'taste' filled my whole life. Now railway. One band of men came wherever I am I feel the 'taste' of 135 miles begging for a teacher. Jesus and I must tell everyone They had heard of the Summer about Him."

School and they would not leave (2) Samuel Veeriah is a young

man who comes from Siddipett, ing that they could cure his daughwhich is the hardest and most un- ter, and every time she was taken fruitful ground in the District. He ill they tried to come into his house had read the life of Sadhu Sunder to cure her, but he would not al- Singh and the Gospels, and though low them to cross his door step. He he was the son of a village chief called the village evangelist and he could not resist the call of they prayed with the girl. At last Christ, and for months he has been she is better, and he brought her telling his family that he must be- and her mother with him to the come a Christian. He has been Summer School. On Sunday mornturned out of his home and has lost ing they knelt together and were everything, but he stood up and baptised into the name of Jesus. said, "Though they have turned me For a year past, though he was not from my home and though I have baptised he has been giving this lost all my relatives I could not brave witness and we felt no hesibear to lose Jesus." His sincerity tation in giving him baptism. has been so well proved that I could not resist his appeal for bap- Gumeralla, the Tiger's Village tism, and on Sunday morning he brought with him ten young men The fight with the Tiger is over whom he has been leading for and I have received the final judgmonths, and all of them openly con- ment of the Prime Minister. In fessed Jesus and were baptised. this the Tiger is told that his posi- What this will mean to Siddipett no tion of village chief is taken away one can tell. It is the most hopeful and that never again will he be althing that has happened there in lowed to exercise any authority in the 35 years that I have been in this village. We had hoped that India. I cannot help believing that some of the land that he has stolen this is going to be the beginning would be returned to our people, of a great movement towards but it would have been such a long- Christ among the caste Hindus of and costly process to secure this judgment that we gave it up. He Siddipett. has fought us in every court and has spent at least £2,000 in the (3) Rajanna Abraham, of EI- fight. It has been a terrible strain lukatoor, was baptised a year ago and anxiety for nearly three years, and has had to pay a terrible price but at last it is settled and we for his confession. He has been thank God. The Government has dragged to the court and persecut- appointed a Christian villager to be chief in his place and this man and ed, his land has been stolen and his Christian wife came to our everything has been done to make Summer School and stood up and testified saying, "From the day him turn back from the narrow that I gave my heart to Jesus I path. He stood up and said, "They have been full of happiness and can take my land, my home and all now though I do not want this posithat I have, they can tear my flesh tion I am glad to serve my Master from my bones, but they shall in Gumeralla and I want to be a never tear me away from Jesus." servant of my Lord."

(4) Peter, of Kondapuram, gave The Sunday morning service was a beautiful testimony. His daugh- one that everyone will remember. ter had been suffering from fits. The village sorcerers and magicians constantly worried him say-

A REVIVAL IN HYDERABAD

There were a thousand people pres- little Indian drums and violin. ent, and of the newcomers 140 Everyone held the sugar and coheads of families had given in coanut in his hand until all were their names for baptism. They ready, and the elders had come were all men whom we could trust, back and stood before the communmen who had been long prepared ion rail putting down their trays but had hesitated over the final con- and each one taking a little sugar fession. During these days of wait- and cocoanut for himself. Then ing upon God they had heard His the whole congregation repeating voice and they confessed one after after me said, "Lord Jesus, I take another that they had seen Jesus this food in memory of Thy love to and wanted to give their lives to me." And all quietly ate the sugar Him. After the baptisms a hundred and cocoanut while our singers people came up to the communion sang again. In a few moments one rail bringing their offerings, the to- of our Indian ministers started the tal value of which was about £10. hymn of triumph "Victory, victory, victory to Jesus, Hallelujah," and At the conclusion of the service at the end of each verse he cried we started the Great Indian Love "Yesu Swami, glory be to Thee," Feast. The elders from each section and.the whole congregation lifting brought up trays of sugar and their hands shouted, "Glory to God broken cocoanut which they had in the highest." It was a wonderalready prepared and cut into small ful triumph, and no one who ever pieces. These were publicly blessed, saw and heard will forget it. God and then they went round to dis- has been wonderfully near us and tribute to the thousand people in indeed those last words are what the congregation. While it was we are all feeling, "Glory to God in going on we had some beautiful the highest." Indian music-a singer and the A REVIVAL IN HYDERABAD FOR some time Dr. and Mrs. they themselves had found in Manley, of the American Bap- Jesus. tist Mission, have been praying for a revival in Hanamakonda, "From Saturday to Wednesday Hyderabad. C. H. Bhanamurti, of the subject was sin, its consethe Cocanada Theological Semina- quences, repentance, and confesry and Mr. Prakasham, pastor of sion. Burdened hearts were laid the J agannaikapuram Church, held bare before the Lord day by day. a series of meetings for a week, Joy and peace Christ brought to with the workers and the church their hearts. Thursday was largely members. Pastor Mathews of Bim- given up to experience and confeslipatam Church and Rev. E.L. sion. The Spirit of God moved us Quirk also held a series of meet- to make confessions. On Friday ings lasting ten days. and Saturday consecration meet- ings were held, leading us to sur- Emphasis was laid on the fact render completely to the Lord. that the missionaries had come to Friday morning's meeting ended share with the Christians of what with the phenomenon common to

many revival meetings in India, in sin that they had lost the con- when all were praying at once, sciousness of it. In many cases pouring out their sins before God. the confessions were startling, yet On Saturday, only one meeting they were followed by making was held. All were expectant. amends and restitution.

Large numbers had been cleansed "From two standpoints, we have and awaited the infilling of the not seen the like of this revival be- Holy Spirit. There was a dead fore. In the first place, the grip silence, a pause, a waiting. The of sin was so tremendous, and the people were still unsatisfied. It confessions in consequence were must have been a time of further startling. From the grip of sin, heart searching. In the middle of they emerged into the light and the night, Dr. Manley was awak- freedom of Jesus. Secondly, the ened by some one on the compound, settling of quarrels and misunder- praying in agony. standings was on an enormous "The Sunday morning meeting scale, and the consequent love and we shall never forget. After short fellowship which followed was a addresses, the meeting was thrown great joy. We thank the Lord for open. At eight o'clock the meeting this great experience, and for the started. For hours one person fol- newfound friends and blood-rel- lowed another in quick succession; atives in Christ in that place, and arising, going to those whom they the love that they poured out."

had wronged, they begged forgive- ERIC L. QUIRK. ness, many with tears streaming The work of revival has just bedown their faces. At one o'clock, we saw that we would yet have gun and we believe that as each hours to wait, and so we asked worker goes into his own village those who still wished to ask par- again he will take the fire of the don of their brethren to arise and Holy Spirit with him and that that do so without waiting one for the fire will burn down barriers and other. For ten minutes there was obstacles that have held back the confusion, and then – "Victory, work of Christ in this field for Victory, Hallelujah t" poured forth many years and that we will have from two hundred throats. The a great general revival throughout Holy Spirit had come to reign. the whole field.

"Sunday afternoon, twenty-three In order to get folks to work at were baptized in Hanamakonda, once, and thus keep what they and the Lord's Supper was cele- have gained, we have gathered brated. them together in groups and have "In the past many Indian Chris- formed Sunday-schools in three tians have failed to appreciate and near-by places. We have plans for to understand missionary motives, four more Sunday-schools as fast yet fundamentally the difficulty as it is practical to establish them.

Was their own sin. Once that was We missionaries feel that no one cleansed the way was paved for received a greater blessing through the clearing up of misunderstand- these revival services than we did.

ings which had accumulated for a God make us worthy stewards for long time. There was an extraor- the great work He has entrusted dinary condition prevailing. In to us here.

many cases the people were so deep CHARLES R. MANLEY.

IN THE NON-CHRISTIAN

BY THE REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Princeton, N. J.

E di tor of til e Mod em l1'oda .WHAT ails India, China, Per- This is typical of the situation in sia, Egypt, Turkey, and the non-Christian world. The times Arabia? Economic, social, are out of joint, as is evident from political and intellectual move- the newspapers. There is great ments are stirring the peoples of spiritual unrest, as is revealed these lands and there probably never was a time when currents of thought ran so swiftly and in such opposite di- rections. A whirlpool of conflicting ideas and ideals, a strange medley of tendencies tow a r d syncretism, ' agnosticism or hero-worship.

There is a story about an obscure character, Micha, in the book of Judges, which affords an illustration, if not a parallel, to the present situation in Asia and North Africa. That an- cient day, too, was a time of transition; political, social and moral 1ife were deeply disturbed.

The story occurs in one of the most barbaric chapters of the book and tells of murder, arson, kidnapping, a n arc h y, idolatry. "In those days there was no king in Israel." Micah explains his desperate plight. He has lost his gods; he has T IIlD NE W INDIAN NATIONAL 'l'lUNITY lost his priest; he has (For e:JJpl""ation Bee pago ~55) lost his faith; "Ye have taken away my gods which I made from the missionary reports. One and the priest and are going away, hesitates to attempt any< interpre- and what have I more? And how tation. But a master-missionary, then say ye unto me, What aileth Dr. Edwards, the editor of Dnya- thee?" nodaya, the leading Marathi Chris- 251

tian weekly of West India, says: system of the Devadasis against (October 23, 1930) "There are which Indian reformers are so three strands one can pick up out ceaselessly making their construc- of the tangled skein: The current tive protest. Hinduism may be in idealization of Hinduism; the external revival by its building of growing revolt against the idea of new temples for the untouchables, God; and the exalting of politics but inwardly it is marked either by and patriotism into a religion." decay or borrowing from other These three currents or trends faiths.

are found not only in India but in "The other characteristic mark- China, and in the Near East. The ing what we have called the ideal.

idealization of the old religions by izing going on in present-day Hin- efforts at reform or rehabilitation; duism is the marvellous power of the exaltation of nationalism into assimilation Hinduism displays in a new religion, in which patriotism relation to truth, by its being able becomes hero-worship; the repu- to absorb Christian principles up diation of all religion as mere folly to a certain point and shedding the and superstition-all three of these remainder like a snake shedding trends are due directly or indirect- its skin. Indeed, so great is the ly to the impact of the West (its power of Hinduism to absorb from missions and its secularism) on the other faiths and yet to remain Hin- East. The disintegration of the old duism at the core that we need to religious life manifests itself in be on our guard against this par- these three ways everywhere. The ticular Hindu tendency which is all tragedy of the situation is that all the more dangerous, because so of them seem to lead away from flattering to those systems from Christ-the Christ of the Indian which it borrows."

road and of every road. The peril of syncretism, especial- 1. The Idealization of the Old ly in South India, is real. In North Religions. "When we speak of the India, Islam and converts from idealization of Hinduism," says Dr. Islam act as a strong bulwark for Edwards, "we are largely thinking theism, but in South India the of the educated section of India. leaven of Pantheism can with dif- This idealization is marked by a ficulty be kept out even from Chris- double characteristic; the first is tian thought and life. This present- what the late Dr. Farquhar meant day idealization of Hinduism is when he spoke of an outward re- evident in rose-colored views of vival of modern Hinduism accom- caste, and the repudiation of its panied by a deepening internal de- evil influence, in a growing defense cay. None who studies modern of idolatry, as mere symbolism, and Hinduism can have any doubt, in putting Krishna on a parallel either about the external revival as with Christ as one of the world's seen in the observing of all festi- Saviours. Some Hindu writers vals with a punctiliousness which compare the Bhagavadgita with the only Hindus can show, or about the New Testament and profess to find internal decay which is spreading better and higher teaching in the like a canker to every part of the former book. In Islam there are Hindu system: to mention only nne evidences of the game general tend- feature, for example, the foul ency to idealize. It began with abomination represented by the Seyyid Amir Ali's life of Moham-

TRENDS IN THE NON-CHRISTIAN WORLD

med and received impetus from the into new tongues. These transla- Western apologists for Islam or Lions are not free from idealizatioll perverts to Islam, Sheldrake, Lord for they de-code the original into Headley, Pickthall, and the latest terms suitable for the present state convert Philby. The unscrupulous of society and eliminate the blots efforts of the Ahmadiya Movement that stain the life and character of in Qadian, Lahore and London have the founder of Islam. Compare the broadcasted and emphasized all recent translations by Mohammed that could be gleaned from these Ali, Sarwar and Pickthall. They writers. Islam, they say, never go so far as to praise Mohammed used the sword, save in self-de- as the champion of women's rights, fense. They claim that it is the re- to assert that he was a monogamist ligion of peace and good-will, of and that toleration was the chief tolerance and brotherhood; that characteristic of early Islam! One Mohammed's character and life could give similar instances of at- were ideal in every respect. In a tempts to idealize Shintoism and recent review of Lippman's Pref- Buddhism, from Japan and China.

ace to Morals, an aducated Moslem Everywhere the non-Christian says: "Jesus, the center of West- world is super-sensitive to any ern religion'is revealed in the avail- criticism of heathen idolatry or able records of his life, as only a ethics.

partial embodiment of human II. The Repudiation of All Re- ideals. A good character, no doubt, ligion. This is shown in the drift but one which fails to exhibit the toward atheism, secularism and perfection of which the multifari- humanism. The Jerusalem Council ous capacities of man are capable. Meeting recognized the serious and It is certain that philosophy cannot widespread character of this drift save morality. If it could, our in its deliberations and findings.

civilization would have solved its Our godless civilization and the moral problems long ago. Only re- neo-Paganism of the West is win- ligion can. And religion itself ning disciples in the East. The would fail to do so except in so atheistic or materialistic philos- far as it can offer a human ex- ophies of Europe and America have emplar who embraces in his per- captivated many of the educated fection one and all the different classes. Russian Communism has sides of human nature; who tow- extended to all lands. The fool no ers above all others yet strikes longer says only in his heart, there everybody as his kith and kin- is no God,-he shouts it on the only such a religion can save mo- radio.

rality. Nowhere but in the person Take India as an example: of the Holy Founder of Islam do "Early in 1928 Dr. Paranjpye, of we have a historic and human ex- Poona, a distinguished member of ample of this ideal character." the India Council in London, speak- ANew Portrait of Mohammed ing to Indian students in London, advised them to 'relegate religion They then proceed to paint a new to the scrap heap.' The new po- portrait of Mohammed with colors litical Constitution for India draft- taken from a Christian paint-box. ed by Pandit Motilal Nehru, and The Koran is called "Holy" and so- accepted by a Convention of all the cieties are formed to translate it political parties in January, 1929,

aims at a secular state, and puts the proofs of the existence of one religion outside the concern of the God, but this was done in order to State. 'Pandit Jawaharial Nehru dhlcover if I knew the proofs given openly stated that India's greatest in the Moslem textbooks or to let "enemy was religion," and that the student proclaim them to me.

their aim must be "to free India Now one meets young men who ask from religion." '* proof of the existence of God be- "In the autumn of 1928 a weekly cause they personally have no con- paper was started in South India, viction of it themselves."

bearing the title Revolt, one of its III. The Exaltation of Nationalacknowledged tenets being rank ism and Patriotism into aNew Reatheism. During the summer of ligion. This third tendency is very 1928 a discussion took place in the old. When paganism was disinte- Bombay University Senate con- grating in Rome, Emperor-worship cerning a resolution on 'the advis- began. In Japan we have a close ability of inculcating a theistic at- parallel in the latest development titude' in university education. of Shintoism. "Nature-worship The resolution was passed by twen- married to the worship of the Imty-three votes to seventeen, but a perial House." The Japanese are great storm burst the Indian press. taught at school that their reign- One leading Indian educationist de- ing Emperor is the direct descendscribed the resolution as 'sheer ant of the sun-goddess. Patriotism perverseness' and an 'exhibition of has become religion. In India imbecility.' Another wrote: 'The "Gandhi-worship," is almost a naexiled God is to be smuggled back tional cult. In Turkey, Mustapha to His throne, and our young men Kemal has received his apotheosis and women are to be inoculated as the creator of a new nation, and with strong doses of the "divine," , Zaglool Pasha in Egypt is the idol though 'it has been the proud priv- of those who worship only at the ilege of man to fight against that shrine of nationalism. There is baneful thing called God'; and, good in nationalism, no doubt, but roost significantly of all, he added: there is also the possibility of evil. 'We Indians have had too much of Nationalism and hero-worship canreligion, too much of God, and too not satisfy the human heart as a much of futile philosophy; that ac- substitute for religion. The latest counts for our position today as a illustration of this tendency is Inbankrupt nation.' " dia. Islam also is suffering from this An American missionary writes: leaven of the Sadducees. The stu- (Dnyanodaya, Nov. 6, 1930). "In dents at the universities of Bei- a copy of the Bombay Chronicle rut, Cairo, and Constantinople af- there appeared on the front page ford an illustration. The sons of some weeks ago a full-page illusfathers who were fanatic Moslems tration of the Hindu idol, Ganesch, are now asking; is there a God? or Ganpati. The image was of an Have we need of prayer? Is life elephant-headed man with four beyond the grave more than a pious hands, and always represented as dream? A missionary from Tuni- riding on a mouse, which was sia says: "I used to be asked for mythologically correct. In this case * Dr. J. F. Edwards-",]~he Foreign Ficld"- the idol was shown seated On a Non (the British Lion, of course, MaYt Hl30.

which scowled awfully), while a stripes, white, green and red, with Gandhi cap surmounted the head a handloom across the center), and of the elephant." He goes on to with the other hand holding the say: "But the most surprising evi- tuft of cotton from which the dence of the present attempt to thread passes in front of the group enlist the Hindu religion for the to the elder Nehru. Here is an Rake of political ends has been a amazing attempt to ring to the supnew 'Trinity,'* that has been cre- port of the political struggle for ated by some Hindu leaders. 'A few independence even so sacred a matdays after my return to India there ter as the Christian conception of was handed to me the picture of a the Trinity." three-headed man, with only one body. When I looked at the face The Situation in China that confronted me, I instantly recognized Gandhiji's portrait, The situation in China is dewhile to the left is the face of the scribed by T. C. Chao in The Chielder Nehru (Motilal) and to the nese RecoTdeT (Nov., 1930) ; "Reliright that of the younger Nehru gion in China may be considered at (Jawaharlal) . Underneath I read its lowest ebb today. Of the three in amazement, 'National Trinity.' traditional religions none is virile Under that I found the words, today. Taoism has suffered the 'Father, SOill and Holy Spirit,' most crushing defeat." Buddhism while the third line read 'Motilal is still active, yet we can almost say Nehru, Mahatma Gandhi, Jawa- that China is today a nation withharlal Nehru.' At the bottom is out a religion. The Nationalist the date, July, 1930. All this was Party has adopted as its slogan "to in the leading vernacular of West- govern the nation by the party," ern India, Marathi. Looking once therefore the party has the power more at the picture you note the to do anything it pleases. But no sacred cow standing behind this matter how this works out, it seems 'Trinity,' and on it written 'Moth- to some people that a nation should er India.' Four dogs guard this have some religion. At least it group, each with a label on the col- should have a faith which could lar: Boycott, Liquor, Forest, Salt. take the place of religion. Perhaps it is due to this fact, namely the The last three referred of course necessity of creating a new nationto the exhortation to break the gov- al soul, that all organizations and ernment laws relating to these. The institutions are required to observe elder Nehru (Father) holds a sa- the civic "eremony prescribed by cred conch shell, used in Hindu the party at all their formal meettemple-worship, in one hand and a ings, to bow three times before the distaff in the other. In the center picture of Dr. Sun Yat Sen and the is Gandhiji (Holy Spirit!!) who, national and party standards, read with spectacles on, and the sacred the last testament of Dr. Sun and marks of Hinduism on the fore- remain standing in silence for head, stands on wooden sandals, his three minutes. The Nationalist hands folded in adoration. On the Party claims that the authority of right is the younger Nehru (Son), the party is above everything else with one hand supporting the na- in the nation. Therefore, the party tionalist flag (three horizontal is above the nation and the party is above religion and above God! * ~p-e illustration page 251.

Aut Czsar aut Nullus. That is of the Third International, nor by the re:mlt. "We have no king but the road of violent Nationalism will Clesar!" Was foIlawed by the cry: Asia come to true life and liberty "Crucify Him, crucify Him." Not and power ;-but through Christ through any revival of old idola- and the little wicket-gate of repenttries and religions, not by the way ance that leads to Calvary.

ONE LIFE IN SOUTH AFRICA Elizabeth Hepburn, for Sixty Years a Missionary of the L. M. S.

SITTING in a Bulawayo garden, enjoying the warmth of the sun, I have time to think. I see the constant traffic in the streets, motor cars, steam rollers and troIleys, cycles, motor cycles, and hundreds of Matebele youths hurrying to and from their work.

Memory carries me back to the time (not very long ago) when the older brothers and fathers of these youths might have been sitting round Lobengula's courtyard-eat- ing, and drinking beer. They were eagerly waiting to know the Chief's orders, to watch where his spear would be thrown, in what direc- tion-when they would clutch their spears and assagais and with hell- ish shouts start off on the devil's work-making for a little kraal or village-killing the men, and the old people, gathering the young women and children and returning MRS. J. D. HEPBURN to Lobengula for his approval.

I remembered how in Shoshong, the constant progress of the glor- King Khama's country, the dread ious Gospel of Christ through of a vistation from the Matebele Africa and the part our Society has soldiers caused us and our Bam- had in it all, cause tears of grati- angwato people sleepless nights. tude to flow, and I thank Him for During my life in Africa I have the part which He had permitted seen miracles. When we arrived my husband and myself to share in Bechuanaland there was on the in it.

map one mission–our Society's We had the pleasure of helping station at Inyati. On the map to- the Coillards to reach the Zambezi day North and South Rhodesia are -Barotseland-Fred A r not to almost covered with mission sta- reach the Mashukulumbi – and tions. As I go back in thought to ourselves the Lake Ngami people.

1870, the wonderful change and -The Chronicle of the L. M. S.

CHRISTIANITY CHANGED'?

BY THE REV. W. Y. FULLERTON, D.D.

"H Secr('tnrll of the BaptfRt Mi,..ionar1! SOcietv, London AS the mission, the mes- evangelize it, and to find God's sage, the aim, and the pow- scattered "sheep" in its midst. If er of Christianity changed we apprehend that, it will save us in the past nineteen centuries?" from the idea that we must "not go In trying to answer these ques- to the heathen abroad because there tions we must first seek to establish are heathen at home." We may in- what these were in the beginning. deed, and must, seek to Christian- Even then we shall need to be care- ize a nation, but we cannot hope to ful for we are outside other ages convert it. While we plant the and are within our own, and it is Church, like a tree, in any country, impossible to compare an exterior the Gospel will of itself also work with an interior. quickly as leaven, changing the But the mission, the message, whole people. But our business is and the aim of the Gospel have to separate a people from among been quite clear all along the ages. the nation that shall be as distinct, Before we compare them let us see that, like the people in Antioch, it what they were at the start. By the will be necessary to find a new term Christianity we mean the re- name for them, and call them ligion of Jesus Christ as set forth "Christian." In China they debated in the New Testament, not all that whether they should seek to estab- goes by the name today. lish a National Church, and they The mission of Christianity was saw it would not do, but they sang to spread the revelation of Himself the doxology when they hit upon that God gave through Jesus the term "nation-wide" to express Christ; to let all men see the mys- their purpose. It is now as at the tery that had been hid from the be- beginning.

ginning that the Gentiles should be The message of Christianity at fellow heirs with Israel and "of the beginning is set forth by the the same body and partakers of his , Apostles to the Gentiles in 1 Corin- promise in Christ by the Gospel." thians XV. He tells us the things Paul fought the battle in Jerusalem on which all the Apostles were and saved Christianity from being agreed, things that were also ac- merely a Jewish sect, and the cording to the Scriptures which Church at Jerusalem discovered they had in their hands. All of and declared that the world-wide them were related to Christ-He appeal of the Gospel was no after- died, was buried, rose from the thought on God's part, for James, dead. Of this there is abundant evi- as its spokesman, said that, "It was dence, and this is how the grace of God's original concern to visit the God reaches sinful men. "That is Gentiles and to take out of them a what we preached," he says, "and people for His name." that is what we believed." So, evi- That is still the mission of Chris- dently, the saving grace of God de- tianity. It is still Eclectic; our pends on our faith, and quite as task is not to win a nation but to evidently it is possible for us to 2 257

get away from that faith to "an- a people for the Name, its aim is other gospel," which is not an- that "those who name the Name other; for to the Corinthians he should depart from all iniquity."

puts their belief in the past tense The holy God desires sainthood.

-"ye believed." The faith of Christ all along the Have we drifted from that faith ages has been both ethical and today? Each man must answer for philanthropic. Christ saves people himself. Dr. MacEwen put the an- from themselves as well as from swer for the church in memorable the world and the devil. And the words at the Edinburgh Mission- more saints there are in a com- ary Conference when he said, "If munity, the higher will be the level in any mind the thought arises that of all life. That the principles of our faith is not the same as the Christ should be applied to the faith of the early centuries, we whole life is no new discovery; that have before us an answer which no the nation should be approximately man can gainsay. Out of the heart Christian is the inevitable result of these centuries there emerged of the fact that a great many of its one statement of beliefs. Noone citizens are Christian in reality.

knows by whom it was drafted, or Always the aim has been, and the when it first appeared. We find it aim still is, to make saints, to bring in Africa, in Gaul, in Italy, on the men to see and to say Danube, and in Asia Minor with He wills that I shaH holy be; slight variations, but identical in Naught can withstand His will; its essence and almost in its form- The purpose of His grace in men, a statement so Scriptural and evan- He surely shall fulfill.

gelical that it is ascribed to the There remains but one other Apostles. In the Conference Re- question. Has the power of Chrisports you will discover an item, tianty changed? As in all the other simple but grand, reported by cases the answer is decidedly no, many missionaries-Episcopalian, Wesleyan, Baptist, Presbyterian- no, no, ten thousand noes! The that the statement of faith which Spirit remaineih among us, so we they find to have most value, and need not fear. The Gospel is still on which they lay most stress, is the power of God to salvation to the Apostles Creed. In the seven- . everyone that believeth. When we teen centuries that have passed are tempted to doubt it, let us re- since it was shaped, the Holy Spirit member Lord Kelvin's great sen- has taught the Church much. He tence, when in attempting to make will teach us more if we listen to an experiment in Glasgow Uni- His Voice, but the foundations of versity, he failed. Drawing himself the Kingdom stand, although the up with dignity before his students, things that were shaken have been he did not apologize, but knowing removed." There is the answer- the power of God he said, "Gentle- the message of Christianity is the men, always remember that when same. you are face to face with a diffi- What then of its aim? If the mis- culty, you are on the verge of a dis- sion of Christianity is to take out covery."

AND COOPERATION IN

A Call to Christians and a Manifesto from the Chinese Church T HE Church of Christ in China strengthened and that hitherto un- is facing a situation which is discovered pathways may be found challenging because of the whereby the separated Christian unusual difficulties as well as the communions can arrive at com- unparalleled opportunities p r e- plete spiritual and organic unity.

sented. As never before must we (f) That Christian youth of the lay hold on all available spiritual West with a positive Christian resources. Fortunately neither faith and with a passion for Chris- time nor space nor language are a tian service may in large number barrier to the spiritual cooperation find it the will of God for them of Christians of the West and the to come to China to cooperate with Church in China covets American the Chinese Church in the task of cooperation in adventurous, im- creating a Christian China.

portunate intercession: (g) That the Five Year Move- (a) That our Christian youth in ment may continue to grow inten- large numbers may recognize the sively and extensively in the might call and give heed to the challenge and strength of the spirit of God, of the ministry as the most profit- to the end that all the resources of able investment of their lives. our Chinese Church may be uti- (b) That our Christians may in lized to achieve the objectives of a larger measure discover and this Movement, namely, the deep- manifest the radiance of our re- ening of the spiritual life of our ligion, and make their Christian Christians and the doubling of our faith contagious. church membership.

(c) That our leadership may be We ask the fellowship of the responsive to divine guidance and Christians and Churches of the be given courage joyously to follow West in this ministry of interces- the will of God as they discern it sion.

concerning the perplexing prob- This Call was adopted by the lems they are facing, such as General Assembly of the Church Christian education in view of of Christ in China, which met in government restriction on worship Canton, last November.

and religious instruction, and other problems of a similar character A Manifesto which naturally follow where a The following manifesto to coop- mighty nation is in the process of erating older Churches of the West radical reconstruction. was also adopted by the General (d) For the Chinese Govern- Assembly of the Church of Christ ment, especially for those Chris- in China: tians who are serving the Govern- "The General Assembly has ment :-that vital religion may be given its proper place in the new given considerable time and earemerging state. nest thought to the question of the relationship between the Church (e) That the will to Christian of Christ in China and the coopu nit y may be fostered and erating missions, and wishes to 259

place on record the following state- Chinese Church consciousness has ment regarding the attitude of the developed to the point of desiring General Assembly to this vitally the responsibility for administerimportant subject. ing its own affairs, and for con- ducting and directing the various "We desire first to express again activities which aim at the evanour deep sense of gratitude to the gelization of the people of China. older Churches of the West for the help, both spiritual and material, The General Assembly rejoices which has been afforded by them that members of the Church, both to the work in China. Chinese and the foreign mission- aries associated with it, are of one "We are conscious that our mind in applying this principle in gratitude can best be shown by our the actual conduct of the affairs definite endeavor to develop as and work of the Church. We speedily as possible the spirit of fully recognize the fact that the stewardship and self-support in churches connected wit h the the Church in China. Weare glad Church of Christ in China are not to report that about twenty-five equally developed, and so it is difper cent of our organized churches are self-supporting. But we realize ficult to secure uniformity in the that this percentage should be in- application of this principle. A creased as rapidly as possible. considerable time must elapse be- fore our high ideal can be realized, "You in the West are informed and much wisdom and patience as to the present political disturb- will be required in the prosecution ances in China, and the resulting of this great task. We must, howeconomic depression. These rep- ever, emphasize the fact that this resent great obstacles to be over- church-centric ideal includes most come, if our desire for the increase definitely the idea of continued coin self-support is to be gained. operation between the Church in You also have heard of the diffi- China and the various missionary culties which the spread of com- organizations from the West. In munistic ideas, the organization of this sense it is not to be interthe anti-Christian movement and preted as an entirely independent the like, have created for our movement of the Church. Church. These are all matters in which we beseech your full sym- The General Assembly further pathy, as we know they have ex- wishes to make clear our position cited your concern. It is because with regard to our relations with of these difficulties and hindrances the missions associated with us. that the General Assembly wishes We definitely stand for cooperato make clear its position with re- tion between the Church and the gard to the relationship of the mISSlOns. The Church of Christ Church of Christ in China and the in China desires the Church and missions which are cooperating the Mission to work together as with it. we face the common problems that are confronting the Christian On the one hand we feel it neces- Movement in China. We wish to sary to reaffirm our conviction that state positively that the services it is a matter of the greatest im- of missionaries from the Older portance for the Church in China Churches of the West are both to adopt a definite church-centric greatly needed and ardently depolicy. By that we mean that the

THE RIVAL OF CHRISTIANITY IN CHINA

sired. We wish to go further by larly two qUalifications for missaying that the need for mission- sionaries in the days to come: (1) aries today is even greater than they should possess the spirit of before. In the past, missionary cooperation with their fellow workwork was primarily in behalf of ers in the Church, willing to share the non-Christian people in China. with them the tasks that they have Several hundred million of our peo- before them, and (2) they should ple are still unreached by the Gos- come with warm evangelistic ferpel of Christ. These millions must vor, no matter in what capacity still present as great an appeal they seek to serve Christ in connecas ever to the stronger Older tion with the Church in China, Churches of the West. They pre- whether evangelistic, educational, sent to our Young Church our medical, social or administrative. greatest opportunity and responsi- While they need to have all the bility for service. technical qualifications befitting the high calling of a missionary, The need for missionary help is we regard these two points as of now intensified by the fact that the special importance, without which Young Church, which is still in its their work cannot yield the largest early stages of development, is be- measure of result. ginning to undertake its rightful and proper responsibilities. Being We ask for your prayers and still in its childhood, our Church continued cooperation to the end can be greatly helped by the wis- that with the blessing of the Great dom, experience and religious back- Head of the Church, our efforts to ground of our missionary friends deepen the spiritual life of the from abroad. In considering the Christians and to win the fealty of present development of the work the unevangelized masses of our in China, we feel that all types of people to Christ as their Lord and missionaries are still necessary, Saviour, will be most fruitful. whether they be regular missionaries who come to China for life (Signed) service or special workers who come for a particular phase of the C. Y. CHENG, work in China for a limited time. Moderator.

We wish to emphasize particu- A. R. KEPLER, General Secretary.

THE RIVAL OF CHRISTIANITY IN CHINA* C OMMUNISM is Christian- youth as the friend of democracy ity's competitor in China. and the rallying ground for the en- The reasons for this are the thusiastic devotion of youth which radical, adventurous nature of the it held twenty years ago. The time Communist movement, its readiness to experiment, its clear aim has come for a revaluation of and definite program, and its pro- Christian work and for readiness fessed championship of "the poor to take a bold step forward. and the oppressed." Christianity takes direct issue Christianity appears to have lost the place of leadership among with Communism on three lines, as pointed out recently by a leader ~ 'l'he Ohinese Recorder. of the Chinese Church.

(1) Communism favors the use

of violence-we are followers of is outspoken in opposition to war the Prince of Peace. The time has and militarism, calls for open alcome for the Chinese Church to legiance to Christ and the living take a clearcut stand against war of Christ in all relationship of life, and the militaristic method. There it can win the devoted enthusiasm are indications that show a readi- of young people who will be as ness on the part of some of the ready to preach Christianity as foremost Christian leaders to do their fellows have been to preach this. Communism during recent years.

(2) Communism aims to pro- Communism has been especially duce the mass-mind and the mass- successful in the use of the printed soul, which often lead to the de- page. Christianity must be just struction of the individual. Chris- as aggressive in presenting its tianity insists on the persons as case. There is need for the pro- duction of new literature and the an end. translation of western books, set- (3) Communism produces a ting forth what Christianity is and the kind of men and society it atparty mind by prohibiting freedom tempts to create. But possibly the of speech. Christianity liberates. greatest failure on the part of the Church is the failure to get into The Christian forces should be circulation the material which it in a position to challenge directly does print. One is sometimes the philosophy of Communism on struck with the number of good these points. Would it not be well things printed which do not reach to invite prominent speakers from the general public. Cannot more abroad to meet the Communist attractive editions be put out? propaganda? But what is even How can Christian pUblications be more important is a program for offered for sale in the book stalls the farmers and working classes and public markets of our big that will command the respect of cities-places where the students thinking people. Through mass and young people are buying the education, agricultural experi- books they read? ments, proper recreation, community uplift and regeneration, At the Wofossu Regional Conthe Church must meet the needs of the "poor and oppressed." The ference in 1929, Dr. John R. Mott, in a brief address, said, "The idealism of youth will respond to a Church must learn to trust youth. call for help in such constructive Youth without responsibility is dangerous. If given heavy reendeavor. sponsibility you do not need to There is evidence of a growth fear young people."

out of a narrow nationalism into a Have we jobs that will consume larger brotherhood. A Christian the zeal of young people and are youth mo,vement will rally to the we ready to use them? It is high time that the Church in China surcause of Christian international- veyed and revaluated its work in the light of the need and opporism. tunity for enlisting youth in a Communism has made headway radical program of real Chris- tianity! ROWLAND M. CROSS. in China through propaganda. The Church can well take a leaf from the Communist notebook of method. If the Church is ready for experiment, has an adventurous program of social reconstruction,

ASSEMBLY OF THE EVANG~JLICAL CHURCH OF PUERTO

(.January 27-20, 11131.) A UNITED CHURCH IN PUERTO RICO BY THE REV. FREDERICK LESLIE BROWNLEE, NEW YORK . ElJ ec utiv6 8c(,"retur]J o/thc Amcdcun Mi8iJiu1WFY Assuciation FOR several years the Protes- so apparent, however, to the mis- tant Churches of Puerto Rico sionary boards and the churches have been discussing the values at home. Here tradition, pride, and possibilities of a single Prot- theology, creed and vested inter- estant Church for the island. The ests loom large. It seemed there- values are obvious. The island is fore that organic union in Puerto small and compact. The people are Rico was destined to spend itself homogeneous. The experiences of in talk and resolutions. Everyone the various denominations at work appeared to be for union but no on the island are almost too new to two denominations dared to unite.

have become traditions. Practically Some thought that no denomina- from the beginning the churches tions ought to unite until all de- have been united in common ob- nominations were ready to unite.

jectives, a common evangelical Some denominations on the island fellowship, a common theological were ready but the missionary seminary, a sin g I e evangelical boards back home could not agree.

press and in the support of a Preachers on the island were single missionary enterprise in fearful lest during the transition Santo Domingo. These facts to- period while the united church was gether with the nationalist move- winning its spurs they would lose ments abroad, the emphasis on their ecclesiastical standing and comity, federation and union at special annuity and insurance home, and the reasonableness of privileges.

the proposition encouraged some So the movement dragged along in the hope that the organic union until something over a year ago of all the churches of Puerto Rico when the United Brethren, Chris- might come easily and rapidly. tians and Congregationalists pro- The weakness and foolishness of posed to unite in the formation of denominationalism are not always the Iglesia Evangelica de Puerto 263

Rico. The Missionary Boards 1. Mohler. The treasurer of the sponsoring these denominations Council is the resident representaagreed and January 28, 1931, was tive of the Board of Foreign set for the "wedding" ceremony in Missions of the United Brethren the church at Fajardo. Two days Church, Rev. Philo Drury. All preceding were spent in discussing business with the church boards and adopting a constitution and and the disbursement of all funds by-laws. Two days following were provided by them will be handled spent in setting up the new ma- unitedly through these officers and chinery and starting things going. the Executive Council, who in turn On the night of the celebration are responsible to the Assembly. the Fajardo church was packed. The president of the Assembly and All the preachers and missionary other officers are Puerto Ricans. representatives of the three denom- Since the churches are located in inations were present. Greetings two distinct sections of the island were presented by representatives two regional committees were set of some of the denominations that up by the Council. These commitmay come into the union later. tees will meet monthly. A member Almost two dozen speeches were of one of these committees is the made. The'listeners who knew no former representative of the Chris- Spanish pronounced the proceed- tian Churches, the Rev. D. P. Baring an oratorical contest. But near rett ; the other members of the eleven o'clock the organist began committees are natives. In fact, to play the wedding march. Three only three Americans belong to representatives from each of the the entire Assembly. In the States denominations came to the altar there will be an Administrative and united their eighteen hands. A Committee composed of representgroup of small flower boys and atives from the missionary boards girls encircled them. The minister whose business it shall be to replaced his hand on the nine united view policies suggested by the Aspairs of hands and pronounced the sembly and Executive Council, to new united body "La Iglesia Evan- consider requests for financial aid gelica de Puerto Rico." (The Evan- and to make such recommendations gelical Church of Puerto Rico.) as they may decide upon to their The congregation joined hands and respective directors. sang "Blest be the tie that binds." While the statistics of the United The organization of the United Church are not quite so pretentious Church is not unlike the customary as those of the Baptist Church ecclesiastical bodies. There is a alone, nevertheless, they are highly general representative assembly significant. There are thirty-six which will meet annually, with its native church organizations with president and other usual officers. church buildings in sixteen dif- An executive council consisting of erent municipalities, with thirtysome fourteen persons elected by nine ordained pastors and thirtythe Assembly will conduct the com- three additional p aid workers. mon business of the churches ad Radiating as it were from these interim. The executive secretary thirty-six churches are seventyof this council is the resident rep- four rural parishes, most of which resentative of the American Mis- have small chapels. The total sionary Association, Rev. Charles membership is 3,518 of whom 405

1[131] A UNITED CHURCH IN PUERTO RICO

represent new members received transacted reveals good, practical in 1930, with 636 candidates for sense. Many difficulties doubtless membership awaiting the com- lie ahead and it will be a generapletion of their instruction. In tion at least before the churches the seventy-seven Sunday-schools will have become self-supporting there are 4,354 pupils. Young peo- -Puerto Ricans are poor, miserples societies report 857 members. ably poor-but hopes are high and 'IHE CHURCH AT FAJARDO, WHERE THE PRO'l'JJ;STAN'l' ASSEMBLY MET Church property is valued at courage is strong. The natives are $457,300. The annual budget is conscious of the responsibility $70,416, of which amount the na- which now rests upon their shoultive churches provide $13,416. ders. They are grateful for the opportunities before them. They The Executive Council of the crave the continued fellowship, United Church has had its first council and financial support of formal meeting. The themes dis- the churches in the States. cussed show vision. The business Count Zinzindorf said: "I have one passion and that is Christ. He only." James Calvert, missionary to the Fiji Islands declared: "Where Christ commands and directs, I cheerfully go. I only desire what He approves and to do what He requires for the remainder of my life." David Brainerd, the apostle to the American Indians, said: "When a soul loves God with a supreme love, God's interests and his are become one. It is no matter when or where or how Christ should send me, nor what trials He should exercise me with, if I may be prepared for His work and will." Henry Martyn, ere he died in Persia: "I am born for God only. Christ is nearer to me than father or mother or sister-a nearer relation, a more affectionate friend; and I rejoice to follow Him and to love Him. Blessed Jesus. Thou art all I want; a forerunner to me in all I ever shall go through as a Christian, a minister or a missionary." The immortal Livingstone, in a dark hour in darkest Africa, exclaimed: "Noth- ing earthly will make me give up my work in despair: I encourage myself in the Lord my God, and go forward." His African followers found his dead body upon its knees, in the gray dawn of that memorable fourth of May, 1873. The great missionary had died, as he had lived. in prayer. This touching entry was found in his journal, written on the next to the last birthday of his life, "My Jesus, my King, my Life, my All, I again dedicate my whole self to thee."

TRAGEDY OF THE INDIAN STUDENTS*

T HIS is the true story of a all three of them dipping with their young Indian girl born on the fingers into the one pan of stew. Mescalero Reservation in a Into her mind flashed the picture tepee. She spent her early years of the dining room at school, the playing with the other little chil- table set daintily, the food served dren under the pines. As soon as graciously, surrounded by the smilshe was old enough she went to the ing faces of friends. And then government school in the town of came days when she was torn be- Mescalero, where she studied until tween the strong family loyalty she reached the fifth grade. She which is the heritage of the Indian had always shown an unusual abil- and the feeling that she could not ity and desire to learn. A friend go back to the old way of living took an interest in her and sent and fall so far below the standards her to the Presbyterian mission that had been taught her for years. school through the grades. At that time she had developed into such At last she went to the mission a fine girl that they took care of and sobbing bitterly she asked: her until she finished high school, from which she graduated with "What shall I do? I ought not honors. Now she could sew, she to leave my father and mother, and had learned to play the piano, she I can't live like this? There is loved to read and had become nothing for me to do. My parents aware of the beauty and inspira- are old-fashioned, they don't want tion of good literatUre. She could any changes. Why, it is impossible appreciate the niceties of life. for me to even keep clean! I can't bear it!" But school days were over and she must go back to the Reserva- She finally decided to leave the tion. That first night at home was Reservation and find work someone of bitter unhappiness. "Home" where so that she might help her was a tepee with absolutely noth- parents by sending them money. ing inside except a pile of dirty She has a position in the home of rags and goat-skins flung in a cor- Christian people in Phoenix, Ariner to sleep on. As she pulled one zona, which gives her a chance to of these over her she thought of live in a clean, wholesome environthe clean white sheets of her bed ment and be self-supporting. at the dormitory and the clean blankets that had covered her. This is the tragedy of the transi- That first meal with her mother tion of the younger generation and father had been eaten squat- from the old life to the new. "Our ting in front of the fire outside the responsibility for these boys and tent, the old battered coffeepot girls does not end with giving them boiling over into the flames, and an education. Even more is it nec- essary that with that education • Told at the meeting of the Woman's Board they shall be assisted in making ~~ ~~ii~~: Missions of the Reformed Church an adjustment to life away from the Reservation and their own peo- pIe-to life as Christian American citizens."

266

PEOPLE AND THE ·CHURCH

BY THE REV. RALPH McAFEE, D.D., Detroit, Michigan E:rcoutit:e Secretary at tile Detroit CfJUJ1(:iZ oj ClIf,o>chc8 T HE relation of America's people now active in young people's youth to the churches is a organizations. Of sixteen secre- matter of vital concern not taries replying, six believed that only to the churches but to the fu- the calibre of those now active in ture of America herself. young people's work is as high as it was ten years ago; eight be- The National Association of lieved it is higher than ten years Executive Secretaries of State and ago; and two, who are fast ap- Local Councils and Federations of proaching the end of their active Churches has for some years been Kingdom service, believe the calistudying the relationship of young people to the church and has been bre is lower than ten years ago. endeavoring to influence young Some correspondents note the people's organizations toward a marked increase in the number of more effective contribution to the college bred men and women who work of the· Kingdom of God. At are now in training for service as the recent meeting of this Associa- religious education and social servtion held in Chicago, a special Com- ice directors. mittee on Young People's work presented a report on some of the It appears certain that our promore important phases of the work grams are strongly feminized, failof modern young people in the ing to attract many of the best of church. This report dealt with five our young men. The proportion major questions: of women to men is probably about 60 to 40, corresponding in the main 1. What is the caliber of those now to the general church proportion. active in young people's organizations in your city? A third question inquired as to the main points of strength and 2. Which sex is more active and the major difficulties in the local influential in your programs? church young people's program. The points of strength noted are: 3. What are the main points of strength and the major difficulties in 1. Recognition of the importance of the local church young people's pro- youth. gram? 2. Democracy in conceiving and de- 4. What are the major points of veloping programs. strength and the major weaknesses in the most successful denominational 3. Adequate and sympathetic leaderyoung people's programs? ship.

5. What are the outstanding suc- 4. Use of forum and discussion cesses and weaknesses of our inter- group ideas. denominational programs? 5. A completely unified local church In the preparation of their re- program. port, the special committee pur- The major weaknesses noted sued four lines of investigation in are: nineteen cities. 1. Adult and ministerial monopoly.

The first questions dealt with the 2. Lack vision beyond local church calibre and the sex of -the young walls.

267

3. Inadequate leadership and equip- machinery. It limits vision to ment. denominational boundaries. It ab- sorbs all the time of the young 4. Distractions of college, i. e., ab- people with denominational activ- sence of young people in college and ity, leaving no margin for the unsettlement of the religious faith of larger Kingdom interests. It ex- those who return. alts itself above Christian living.

5. Distractions of the mating pe- The final question deals with the riod. successes and weaknesses of our interdenominational pro g ram s. 6. Misunderstanding of young peo- Young People's Councils related ple by the pastor. for the most part to Councils of Religious Education, are declared As an illustration of this mis- to be the most successful organi- understanding we quote from a zations in the field, but the Y. P. letter from a corresponding secre- S. C. E. are running them a close tary of a young people's Union in second and in some cities easily America's third largest city- outdistancing them. Philadelphia: The standard achievements re- In most cases in the local church the ported are: young people's work is given slight or no attention by the pastor and mem- 1. Serie·s of addresses-as by Miss bers of the official board. The pastor, Slattery and Dr. Poling. in many cases, i·s too busy to devote much time to his young people. Mem- 2. Easter and Pentecost Sunrise bers of the official board in most case~ Services. don't have the ambition to lead the youth of the church or, with some very 3. Help in financial campaigns. few exceptions, are too busy. 4. Rallies.

A fourth question asked for an 5. Pageants. . analysis of the strength and the 6. Conferences. 7. Recreation-Athletic Leagues. weakness of the most successful 8. Training schooJ.s for leadership. denominational young people's pro- 9. Good Friday Three Hour Serv- ·grams. Replies indicate that the ices. strength of denominational pro- grams lies in denominational pride The weaknesses of the interde- and overpowering loyalty to it. nominational young peoples pro- This loyalty produces trained and grams and the difficulties they face able leadership, programs which are legion: fundamental among are clearly defined, coordinated, them however are: promoted and understood, through summer conferences and wisely de- 1. Absence of adequate leadership. vised devotional material. Among 2. The fact that there is as yet no others, Methodists and Presbyte- agreement on the place and function rians are mentioned as developing of interdenominational young people's strong programs. work. 3. The lack of correlation between The weaknesses of the denomi- young people's programs in the local national programs centered around church, in the denominational and in the fact of denominational loyalty. the interdenominational fields. It is too autocratic, self-centered, 4. Constantly changing personnel conservative, lacking in social vi- and leaders. sion, and has no particular objec- 5. Lack of pastoral sympathy and tives beyond strengthening its own cooperation.

FIFTY YEARS IN CEYLON

6. Lack of persons who visualize need to face the fact that they the importance of the interdellomina- ought to uverate a::; detillite part::; tional young people's program. of the all-inclusive program of the modern church. It was agreed The Executives of the Councils that since the major part of the of Churches throughout the coun- leadership of our young people's try are convinced that the young organizations now resides and people's organizations of America probably should continue to reside need a carefully ·coordinated program of yearly activities. It is ap- in our Directors of Religious Eduparent on all sides that the young cation, these specialists together people's organizations are fritter- with representatives of other siming away too large a share of their ilar organizatiuns mig h t well capacities and of their influence merge into a nation-wide combecause of this fundamental lack of coordination. It is likewise mittee on the field and function of clear that young people's societies young people's work, both denomi- national and interdenominational.

FIFTY YEARS IN CEYLON M Iss SUSAN R. HOWLAND MISS HOWLAND TWENTY-~'IVE YEARS entered missionary service in Ceylon, in 1873, under AGO the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. She ful a missionary service. Certainly was the daughter of veteran mis- few have been so well loved. By sionaries, the Rev. W. W. Howland request of her fellow workers she and Susan Reed Howland, inherit- remained on the field a few years ing the love of the Christian com- after her retirement, but recently munity and winning her own place she came to America to live with in their hearts. For some years she her brother, Rev. John Howland, a was an associate of Eliza Agnew in missionary in Mexico for nearly the old Oodooville Female Semi- half a century. nary, and followed her in charge of this oldest of girls' boarding schools in foreign mission fields. For more than thirty years she continued teaching the daughters and granddaughters of her early pupils, but about twenty years ago she gave the responsibilities of the school into other hands. She then turned to evangelistic work, and in every village found "daughters" and their homes wide open to her. Her ripened ministry in the homes and in the hospital at Inuvil, proved of untold value to the whole community. Few persons in any land or time have had so long or so fruit-

GIVE THE GOSPEL TO MOSLEMS?*

BY MOHAMMED ABDUL QAYYUM DASKAWIE, Rawalpindi, Panjab Projes,wr in Gordon College since 1928 I SLAM is a pre-Reformation dents at their desks. It puts non- Protestantism gone awry. It Christian agencies at our disposal was a movement in the ancient and in this age of the power of the Syrio-Arabian world which aimed press is probably the most powerat re-discovering and re-instating ful instrument of evangelism, if the truth of the unity and spiritual- rightly used and if adapted to the ity of God. It was in no sense either needs of those to whom it goes. The a new or an original movement but wonder is that we do not use it as it was needed for the land where it much as we should. A business man arose, as a corrective for Judiasm will spend thousands of dollars to and Christianity as they existed advertise candy or chewing gum there. It was a protest against the but we who have an urgent mes- Mariolatry and saint-worship in sage do not put it to its full use.

the Church of that day and against In India alone there are over 70,- the exclusiveness of the Jewish re- 000,000 Moslems whom it is our ligion. The founder of Islam was duty to reach with the Gospel of convinced of the divine origin of Life. There are very few well writthe two great faiths that had pre- ten books which could be put into ceded it but had now lost, for a the hands of those who do not read time, their original mission and the English language. Most of the spirituality. Had the Church of Christian books for Moslems were Christ in the sixth and seventh cen- written in the past century or early tury been loyal to the New Testa- in this century. Two or three that ment teaching of Christ and His have appeared during the last few disciples there never would have years are controversial and are inbeen any need for an ant8gonistic adequate for those who are not inand rival faith like Islam. terested in religious controversies. Moreover, the day that is dawning Be that as it may, we today are in the world of Islam is not of conconfronted with the task of carry- troversy but of sympathetic aping the life-giving Gospel of Jesus proach. The younger generation Christ to those who do not truly is not enthusiastic about learning know Him. How can we as Chris- the Koran and most of them do not tians better accomplish our labor of even read it. We need to give them, love for our Master? Many meth- therefore, not a pamphlet controods of evangelism have been tried verting the truth of a particular and found successful in bringing sura, but something that will meet the Gospel of Christ to Moslems; their changing conditions. one of them, the printed page, finds its way to places and persons un- There is no Christian book today thought of and maybe unheard of that we could give to our Moslem before. It finds readers among the college students. In Gordon College, women in the zenanas and the stu- where I have been working for • An address given at the annnal meetlng some years, we have some very of The American Christian Llteratl"e Society keen, active and alert minds, yet for Moslems, Jannary 24, 1931.

270 there is no attempt made to pro- know the dreadfulness of the dis- vide anything suitable for them. ease. The loathing of sin arises These students are the representa- through a moral conception of the tives of the educated classes among holiness of God. The Moslem the Moslems, and we must provide thinks that sin can be removed by the contact with Christian truth money and atoned for by fastings through suitable literature. and prayers. He takes a mercenary There is a still larger class of view of sin. He does not feel its those who are only half educated or ravages upon the human soul but who can read only the vernaculars. considers only the displeasure of These people are highly sensitive God at his disobedience. His idea and most of them have never been of outweighing sin by goodness in under Christian influence. A sym- its literal sense is familiar to all.

pathetic approach and a sound Yet there are spiritually minded argument-simple and yet keen- souls who do see that sin is more is what wins their approbation. I than a mere mistake. We need to know of nothing suitable that we show the Moslem that sin is not could put into their hands. only disobedience to a far-off God, Another large class is made up of but that it is corruption. Not a few the women who are locked up in the of my fellow-converts have testified zenanas. Many of them can read a to the growing consciousness of the little today, which was not true ten sinfulness of sin as they have tried years ago. The woman missionary to live the Christian life.

can give them Gospel portions but Another feature of our message the Gospel background needs to be for the Moslems is the message of understood and explained. These God's love in Christ-the heart of women need to see the glory of the Christian Bible. No one who Christ, His love, and His esteem has ever seen the love of God as re- for womanhood. They enjoy the vealed in Jesus Christ can forget fruits of His spirit and teachings that God or refuse to yield to Him.

without acknowledging Him. Orthodox Islam has no place for May I make bold to suggest a mysticism; it had to import it from few lines along which we could the Grecian and Hindu thought. The confession of George Matheson make an approach to the Moslem is not the confession of one man mind in presenting the message of only but of what men and women Christ? There are a number of have felt from the earliest dawn of things that the Moslem holds in Christianity: common with the Christians and we should be ready to make use of 0, Love, that will not let me go, them. I rest my weary soul in Thee; The first thing that the Christian I give Thee back the life lowe, message must do is to emphasize That in Thine ocean's depth its flow May richer, fuller be.

the ethical side of the Christian The love of God is the message message. The Moslem believes in which brings the proud and the the presence of sin in the world but haughty to their knees before his view of sin is very superficial. Christ who is King because He is Many people do not see the need of Love incarnate.

a Saviour because they do not see We often forget that Christ was the heinousness of sin. They seek a great hero and that the human no remedy because they do not heart is at core a hero-worshipper.

We fail to adequately impress upon having slain the enmity thereby." the Moslems the moral perfection -(Eph. 2: 14-16.) and the sheer manliness of the hu- 'man Jesus. We should do greater When the mother of Jesus came justice to this side of our Lord's to see Him, and they told Him that life. We forget that it takes more His mother and brothers were courage to be kind than to cross the standing outside calling Him, our Atlantic Ocean in an aeroplane; es- Lord asserted the superiority of pecially when it means being kind the spiritual brotherhood over the to the type of people whom every- kinship of the flesh. The Christian body despises. It is all very well to brotherhood must be so presented be kind to one another if that and we must in the name of Christ means being kind to our own so- either remove or at least minimize ciety and those on a par with us, the denominations and counter-debut when it comes to being kind to nominations that exist among us. the publican and the sinners, then We must not let our Christian souls . . .? It takes more courage to be be cramped and dwarfed by these faithful to one's ideals in face of distinctions. We must become one death than it takes to conquer the body of Christ if we are to evanworld. It is far nobler to pray for gelize the world and to bring all one's enemies than it is to hit back men into the flock of the Great and demand a tooth for a tooth. Shepherd. Our brotherhood must Jesus Christ was a great hero and be demonstrated as it is, a higher He was a perfect Man. When men and a more spiritual kinship than and women are brought face to that of any other religion or cult. face with Him they find themselves acknowledging His more than hu- Another feature of our message man origin. must be the preservation of a rev- e1'ential attitude toward things The Moslem belongs to a great spiritual. We are prone to forget brotherhood but the Christian the reverence that the Moslem has brotherhood is more spiritual and for God. In the growth of knowl- edge and Christian freedom we should be greater. This brother- must not forget the reverence that hood is founded on a surer and holier basis than any other broth- is due to God. Perfect love casteth erhood in the wOil"ld, because it is out fear until love takes the place founded on the blood of our Lord of fear something should be re- Himself. The Christians of vari- tained to help life flow in right ous races and countries were united when Christ died on the Cross. In channels. Other features might be the letter to the Ephesians we are mentioned but this is by no means told that "He is our peace, who intended to be an exhaustive treatmade both one, and brake down the ment of the subject. These sugmiddle wall of partition, having gestions have been made to point abolished in His flesh the enmity, out the great need for suitable even the law of commandments Christian literature for Moslems contained in ordinances; that he and the enormity and difficulty of might create in himself of the two the task that God has given to us. one new man, so making peace; and The signs of encouragement are might reconcile them both in one numerous. A harvest is ready to body unto God through the cross, be reaped if only we have the cour- age and skill under God to reap it.

by F. C

AN EVANGELISTIC SFJRVICEJ TN A HAMLEJ'r IN NORTH INDIA A GLIMPSE OF HAMLET LIFE IN INDIA BY JAMES M. BAKER, Ongale, Guntur, India Amcrica,n Baptist TelufJu Mi88i01l-J 1895- n .; BOUT eighty-five per cent of outcaste the hamlet the more com- the people of India live in plex its life. The missionary or small villages, the life of Indian leader who seeks to eSwhich is decidedly rural. Even in tablish Christian church life in these small villages people do not such a hamlet has to 'understand live unitedly. Caste distinctions and partially, at least, to overcome and family quarrels have divided this complexity. If he seeks to them into small residential sec- establish a church for a number of tions, many of which are quite hamlets his problem is still greater. isolated. These sections are called hamlets. Some castes and un- Some of these complexities are friendly families would not be al- directly or indirectly connected lowed to live promiscuously in with poverty; some are due to the hamlets, even if they chose to do teachings of the Hindu religion; so. some result from certain customs which have grown up, some arise All hamlet life in India, although from superstitions, and some are it. does not at first seem so, is very theeffed of perverse notionsrecomplex. The poorer and more garding' sanitation. Among the 3 273

passive causes are-failure to Poverty and hunger leads natur- ally honest people to steal. In know or to observe the ten com- famine times, the troubles of hammandments, the two comman!!. let life blaze up glaringly. Onements given by Christ, and the third of India is always hungry, golden rule. but doubly so in famine.

It is wonderful what a little in· The Hindu religion does not struction along all these lines can help improve the daily life of the do toward ironing out the wrinkles hamlet. It has a positive tendency in hamlet life. The average house to make it worse. Its fatalistic and ground is about 20 by 20 feet. teaching lulls men to sleep until a No wall separates these lots, most pending calamity actually falls of the houses are without doors, upon them. This fills the mind full there being only a passageway two of fear over what imagined demons feet wide, through which to enter. are going to do. It permits steal- All the hamlet houses are placed ing in case of necessity. It makes in family groups with certain rela- trying to learn appear to the lower tions one to another. This con- caste hamlets to be sinful. This gestion, together with fixed notions is important because only one of relative location, causes endless quarter of the population are of friction and the doorless houses the higher castes. Hinduism asadd to the mixup. sumes no responsibility whatever for the secular or religious instruc- This condition makes necessary tion of the lower castes. It punalmost unlimited trust in neighbors ishes no wrong except the breaking in a country where there is little of caste rules. It approves of the absolute trust in anyone. marriage of children and even al- lows baby girls to be married to The marriage of close relatives old men. is intended to minimise complications, but it seems to act the other There is much in Hinduism that way and very often creates family is fine and beautiful, but it is about feuds. The close proximity of as useful to the masses as a big houses makes the family dog, buf- dish of rice and curry mixed with falo, and chickens, a problem to a little arsenic. solve in relation to the other family's dog, buffalo, and chickens. The idea of fate is so deeply in- The houses too, are constructed culcated by Hinduism that no secwith mud walls and with thatched ular or religious teaching can filter roofs. They are, at best, only down from the top layer of society. temporary shelters and require If the "Seventy-five percent" are constant attention to keep them to learn anything, some other refrom collapsing. They are almost ligion must undertake to teach valueless as a security. them.

This lack of valuable property The civilization of the land is so brings in its train a long line of old that many strange and inconcomplications. For instance, a sistent customs have taken deep man may desert his wife and chil- root and added much to the intridren. The law can do little with cate network of hamlet life. For him for he has nothing that the instance, even the outcaste, if he law can take. If all such were put touches the dead body of his father in jail, the prhlOns would soon be or mother, must spenil days going full.

J931] A GLIMPSE OF HAMLET LIFE IN INDIA

through various ceremonies of ning. It has stopped short. On purification. But without any pol- close examination he finds that lution in the eyes of his own people a community superstition has he may take off the hide of an ani- jumped into the cog wheel. mal which has died and cut up for distribution its meat and eat of it Just how much the lack of sanihimself. tation has added to the melting pot of hamlet sufferings has never been A middle caste hamlet may build figured out. The Government has a shrine to anyone of the gods- done more than missions, but even for example "Ramaswamy." The the fringe of the need has not yet neighboring lower caste builds a been met. shrine in their hamlet to the same god. If anyone from the lower There are nO latrines or sewer caste hamlet should enter that of systems in the viIlages. Men and the higher caste he must keep a women bathe at night in the street proper distance from the shrine, under the cover of darkness. The but if a higher caste man visits the adults go to relieve nature into the lower caste hamlet he may sit on fields or lanes; the little children the shrine and pollute it without sit down anywhere and the scavany objection· either from himself enger service is rendered by dogs, or from the hamlet people. hogs, chickens and crows. Dung heaps and cesspools are unregu- When the missionary attempts lated. Wells and tanks are guarded to plant the simple principles of from the next lower caste but not from pollution by filthy members Jesus in such a soil, he loses all of the same caste. influence and becomes a laughing stock if he rides over rough shod When an epidemic touches one their customs. family in the crowded hamlet, im- mediate steps are taken to propiti- Among all the castes, supersti- ate some demon, but isolation is tion has taken a firmer hold of the seldom if ever attempted. Before Indian imagination than Hinduism civilization can be established in itself. The new missionary won- India, the principles of Christ and the laws of physical, mental and ders what is wrong. The machin- social health must be observed. ery he has set up on western models simply will not go on run- WORLD'S SUNDAY SCHOOL STATISTICS Tabulation is made of the Sunday-school membership throughout the world every four years by the World Sunday School Association. Since current figures for the United States and Canada were submitted at the convention of the International Council of Religious Education, held in Toronto last June, it is possible to give the following corrected tabulation for the world: Grand Divisions No. of No. of O!fice·rs No. of Total S. S. and Teachers Scholars Enrolment North America ………….. . Central America ………… . 159,817 2,179,312 21,851,027 24,030,339 South America ………….. . 381 1,832 19,098 20,930 West Indies …………….. . Europe ………………… . 2,976 11,695 159,160 170,855 Asia ………………….. ,. 1,930 17,364 171,330 188,694 Africa …………………. . 90,621 854,905 8,462,845 9,317.750 Malaysia ……………….. . 1,567,382 Oceania ………………… . 37,427 96,564 1,470,818 789,658 13,148 63,477 726,181 108,624 100,463 880,430 1,422 8,161 790,710 12,898 89,720 320,620 S,323,030 S3,751,632 37,074,66.?

CRISIS IN PALESTINE'"

BY THE LATE REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F.R.G.S., HAIFA, PALESTINE jLL eyes have been turned to of the efforts of the Government £l.. the Holy Land during the to battle against this pest.

past year. For Jew and Gen- (d) The Mice Plague. However tile 1930 has proved a time of trial great the damage done by the lo- and stress. Weare in the midst custs, the mice accomplished the of the people who have made the rest, and this plague is still con- personal sacrifices, and have been tinuing.

literally bearing the burden, and (e) The £100,000 to compensate been broiling under the burning those who suffered from the riots sun of Megiddo, J ezreel and Lower has proved a great failure, for the Galilee. In these parts the actual Arabs claimed compensation and redemption of the land has taken got it, and the result was no one place, and it is here that the ma- received adequate compensation.

jority of the Zionist Colonies have (f) The adverse report of the been established, and where over Shaw Commission.

forty thousand Zionist Halutzim (g) The so-called temporary are still continuing the struggle stoppage of immigration.

against the climatic conditions. (h) The Wailing Wall Commis- In coming in contact with these sion.

people, whom we can truly call the All these were enough to break "rebuilders" of Zion, and who are the spirit of the strongest and quite different from those who staunchest people, but the Jew still have shown their interest merely went on, hopeful and undaunted.

by sending money to Palestine, we Then came the White Paper, stop- have learned much, and are in a ping the immigration for ten position to give a true estimate of years, and prohibiting the sale of the result of the tragedy. land for ten years. This is prac- The year 1929-30 has been a tically the "last straw to break the record year of severe blows meted camel's back."

out to the Jewish people in the I have met with some of the Land of the Redeemer, and I am leaders and many of the Zionist afraid that they are taking this Halutzim the last few days. Every- last blow as almost a final one. where we hear the words: "We There prevails a tragic hopeless- have been betrayed." Now they ness, which I have never witnessed say the last blow is to come, and before among these people. that will be an adverse report (a) There were the atrocities of from the Wailing Wall Commis- 1929. sion.

(b) The Shaw Commission-in One dare not comment on all itself, and in the way it was con- this, but at the same time we can ducted, was disappointing ?ond dis- see and read the signs of the times.

'heartening. At least here in Haifa it is (c) The Locust Scourge which broken. A quarrel which took devastated crops and tree!>, in spite place here between the Christians "From The E1'angelical Ohristian. and the Moslems with regards to a 276 small old cemetery was so serious The French Consulate is in disthat one Christian, Mr. Barhari, favor because it has been maneuan editor of a newspaper, was vering and creating favorable killed, and some were wounded. If propaganda for France, and for it were not for the prompt and the Mandate to go to France. strong measures taken by the France is jealous of the profitable British military authorities not balance in the Palestine Finance, many Christians would have been as against the deficits in their own left, especially of those who took Mandatory State of S),ria. Italy part in the quarrel. The result says that she will be more profit- WITH THE MISSIONARIES TO THE JEWS AT HAIFA (Dec. 1929) From left to right-~lr8. Christie, Dr. Chrjstie, Mrs. D. L. Pierson, Mrs. Rohold and the late S. B. Rohold was that there is hatred prevailing able to the Jews than anyone else all over Haifa and the district. to carry out the Mandate, as she has not the large Moslem popula- When Dr. Drummond Sheils- tions to whom she has to cater, as Secretary to the Colonies-was in Great Britain and France must do. Palestine, the Christians of Haifa sent him a petition that they did A high British official admitted not want to be any more united that the Government had always with the Moslems. The political had warning from the Indian papers have been trying to patch it Government, not to offend the up, but it is not so easy. The Ro- Moslems. man Catholic Metropolitan, Archbishop Hajjar, who has always While I do not minimize the been a leader in anti-Jewish things, blow the Jewish people have rehas now turned otherwise. ceived, yet I believe it may prove to be a blessing.

(a) The Jewish people will now but there is a definite "Christ have to give up relying on the movement." strength and promises of man, and will turn to God and His promises. On October 20th, when the blow of the White Paper fell on the (b) They will give themselves to Jews, we learned that in the fill up all the gaps, and make every schools here they had started to effort to cultivate all the land they teach the children "The Life of have, and settle it properly, mak- Jesus." On that very day, in our ing secure.their possessions. Haifa Bible Depot, we sold over fifty Hebrew New Testaments to When the Spirit of God moves, Jewish boys. When we asked why then there are sure to be results. they wanted Greek New Testa- The past few years the attitude of ments, those young boys have said: the nominal Christians here was "We must study it in the original." anything but good. They were the Here is a definite movement, for which we return thanks to God, leaders in all the anti-Jewish agi- and for which we ask God's people tations. Yet the attitude of the to unite in earnest prayer. Jewish people towards the Lord Jesus has not only vastly improved, CHRIST OR ANTI-CHRIST-WHICH?

T HE teachings and power of Christ offer the most fundamental obstacle to communism," says Stanley High, Editor of the Chris- tian Herald. "Do we want the rising side of self-consciousness among the non-white people directed by Christianity or by Russia? There was a time when it was so dangerous to become a Christian that to become one meant to become a missionary, The zeal that characterized Christianity of old is found today in communism, whose ranks are examined· and purged yearly of the unworthy. On my recent trip around the world I started out with the idea that perhaps a synthesis of the world's great faiths was needed. But when I saw what is happening in the Far East, I came to believe that there is no other name under heaven by which men are changed and saved except by the name of Jesus Christ. It is the only way in which the world can walk in the way of peace. General Smuts, speaking of the rising tide of race-consciousness in Africa said: 'For this awakening, Christianity and the missionaries are responsible.' Christianity provides an awakening principle, it provides also a conserving force, enabling people to live as God's children should. That is what Christianity is doing around the world."

We face the alternative of the rule of Christ or the rule of Anti- Christ in the world today.

INTEREST IN

BY THE REV. GORDON CHAPMAN, SUMIYOSHI KU, OSAKA, JAPAN MifS8ioow.ry oJ the l'rcsuJjtcrirm Church, U. S. A., 1921– WH I L E Japan is passing jected to considerable trouble be- through a serious economic cause they n;fused to submit to a crisis with unemployment local custom w hi c h compelled and other evils on the increase, the school children to worship at a cercountry is particularly open to the tain Shinto shrine.

Gospel, so that it is difficult to take The Christian Council of Japan advantage of all the open doors. has petitioned "the Commission to A united effort on the part of the investigate the System of Shrine Christian Churches is being made Worship" to settle definitely the to take advantage of the present status of Shrine-Shinto as to opportunity and thus afford a whether it is a religion or not; widespread preaching of the Gos- that if it is finally decided that it pel to the masses. "The Kingdom is outside the religious sphere that of God Movement," dominated by all religious practices at shrines Toyohiko Kagawa, has suffered cease; on the other hand if it is somewhat from an over depend- placed within the religious realm, ence upon human organization, but that its religious functions shall those concerned in the leadership not be made compulsory; that in are now awake to this danger and the effort to uplift the moral life there has been a much fuller em- of the children care be taken to phasis upon divine resources. protect their right of religious One of the issues which has be- freedom and that such problems as come increasingly acute of late is those created by compulsory worthat of Christianity and Shrine- ship on the part of school children Shinto. For many years the Gov- at shrines and before god-shelves ernment has divided Shinto into be avoided; that the provision two sections, Sect-Shinto, which is made in the Imperial Constituregarded as a religion, and Shrine- tion for the freedom of religious Shinto, which is regarded as a cult belief be made the keynote in the for the development of patriotism. solution of the problem. When It is unreasonable to assert that one considers this situation in con- Shrine-Shinto is non-religious when nection with the fact that a perthe Shrines are engaged in reli- sistant effort has been made for gious functions. The fact that the some years to enact a "Religions Government has promoted worship Law" which would put the Chris- at the shrines of Shrine-Shinto, tian Church under Government and even made it compulsory, has control, it is rather ominous to say in certain situations seriously in- the least. Pray for the Christian terfered with the freedom of re- Church in Japan in this crisis.

ligious belief granted by the Con- In the year of the anniversary stitution o,f the Empire, and has of Pentecost there was manifest even resulted in persecution. Re- everywhere a deep desire that the cently the Christians of a church power of the Holy Spirit may be in a country town have been sub- realized in real fulness. God has 279

put the burden for revival upon meeting which lasted for four days His children and this is being ex- and yet there was never a slack pressed in fervent prayer. During moment. All was wondrous liberty. the last half year we have seen evidences of at least a touch of re- The reality of an experience vival, both among missionaries and such as this has been witnessed to in the Japanese churches. Last over and over again by the fact spring about forty missionaries, that those experiencing it have representing at least half a dozen been more greatly used as channels denominations, were gathered in of blessing to others. One of the a retreat. All felt the need for a missionaries immediately after the fresh touch from God, that the retreat felt led to go to a Japanese Lord Jesus might be manifested Christian worker who had been esmore fully through us. The Lord tranged from his mission for a took the program in His own hands period of years, and after humand we were given a fresh vision bling himself seek reconciliation. of Himself and as He is repre- This being accomplished, the Japsented in His Body, which consists anese pastor was invited to speak of those of all denominations and at the annual conference of the sects. We realized anew our own Mission. weakness, and the criticism and lovelessness which too often filled At a Conference for the Deepenour lives. He enabled us to get right ing of the Spiritual Life at one of in regard to these things. He gave the mountain resorts four days us a wonderful revelation of the were set aside for prayer and the unity of the Body of Christ and the seeking of whatever God had for overwhelming need of a heart filled us. During the two weeks precedwith perfect love. We were led to ing the conference there were daily give ourselves to whole-hearted in- prayer meetings, both in the morntercession for the Body oil' Christ ing and the afternoon. During the and it was wonderful to hear the conference itself prayer meetings prayers for all kinds of denomina- were held each morning at 6: 30 o'clock and were attended by a tions, societies, countries and re- large proportion of the community. ligious leaders. Very often the one Then there was a daily Bible Readwho prayed had been critical to- ing at 10: 30 a. m. and an evening ward denominations or individuals session at 7: 30 o'clock. A large for whom he prayed and it took number of denominations were but the acknowledgment of this represented, including Anglican, to turn the prayer into victory. It Episcopalian, Christian Missionary came over us again and again that Alliance, Methodist, Presbyterian, the greatest hindrance to revival Lutheran, Baptist in their various branches. A large number testiis the friction and strife between fied to having received special the various members and branches blessing. A significant feature of of the Body; that it is only as we such testimonies was that most get right here that the Life could often the hindrance to blessing had flow to the members. The great been in wrong attitudes, such as lesson which we learned was that criticism and lack of love toward the Fire of the Spirit is Love. other m€mbers of the Body of There was no human leader in the Christ.

Not More Progress? opposition of priests, mullahs

"What is the greatest hindrance to "holy men," whose living and leadereffective missionary work 7" was a ship are dependent on their followers' question asked of many missionaries rejection of Christian teaching. It in our journey around the world. was so in the first century.

The answer,s were many and varied- 5. The failure of so-called Chris- some were superficial and inadequate; tians to live up to Christ's teaching is others showed experience and insight. a still greater obstacle. This includes We summarize a few: the evil influences emanating from 1. The lack of adequate financial nominal Christian countries of Europe sttpport was stressed in many places. and America. Degenerating movies, It was evident in such places as Ked- false and degrading literature, foreign gaon where the work that Pandita residents, and materialistic, agnostic Ramabai founded is being faithfully or atheistic teachings of some teach- and cheerfully carried on under diffi- ers from the Occident spread ideas culties-with a chapel never yet com- that often lead educated Hindus, Mos- pleted, sore need for a dispensary and lems, Chinese and Japanese not only a bookroom and with other depriva- to give up their traditional faith but tions in equipment and support. to reject all religion.

2. The lack of sufficient workers is 6. False ideas of God that come seriously felt as a real handicap and from false interpretations and views has been since the first missionaries of Christ and the Bible offer another were sent out. How few the workers hindrance that can scarcely be over- there are for such a great task! Iso- estimated. Wrong conceptions of the lated stations, like Hillah in Mesopo- deity of Christ lead Moslems to tamia and Muscat in Arabia, usually stumble. We heard Buddhist- and feel it most. Even the few evangel- Hindu priests misquoting and misin- istic workers are too often overcrowded terpreting the Scriptures, holding with educational, administrative or fi- Christianity up to ridicule and saying, nancial responsibilitie,s. One man or "This is the Christian idea of God and woman is thus called upon to do the of life." The ,same mistaken argu- work of three or four. As a result ment is popular in America among health and efficiency-and at times atheists.

spiritual life-suffer. 7. Similarly, the mistaken idea that 3. Inherited religious faiths and Christians, to be fair minded and to customs, imbedded in men's minds and gain a hearing, must praise all that is controling their lives, offer an almost good in non-Christian religions has insurmountable barrier to an accept- proved a reactionary influence. There ance of the Gospel of Christ. This is are truths and beauties in other re- seen particularly in Islam, Hinduism, ligions but they are not vital nor are Buddhism and other ethnic religions. they excluded from Christianity. Hin- Ignorance, superstition and prejudice dus and other non-Christians, hearing make the ground hard and unfruitful. their religions praised, are sometimes Family tradition and pride forbid a surprised to find in them excellences change of faith. that they had not suspected and are 4. Closely linked to this difficulty is wont to say: "Since our religion is the fanatical, and often wholly selfish, so good and true, why change." Thi,s 281

was one great mistake of the Chicago liefs and practices prevail? The fact Parliament of Religions and it has that in spite of these opposing forces been repeated in many volumes writ- men and women are being won to ten by Christian writers since that Christ and that lives are being transday. formed at the rate of 200,000 a year in these mission lands is a sure evi- 8. The growing unbelief and ration- dence of the power of God working in alism in the Church at home has also and through the missionaries. God is a widespread and detrimental influence honoring His Word where it is faithin the non-Christian lands. There, fully practiced; where Christ is truly educated leaders declare that Chris- lifted up He is drawing men to Himtians are themselves giving up their self. faith in Christ and the Bible-so why accept what others are rejecting. But the need of men for the life Non-Christian rationalism is also re- that Christ offers and the difficulties flected, if not always propagated, by that face His messengers form an insome of the young men and young centive and a call to the Church at women sent out to teach in mis.sion home to constant prayer in behalf of schools and colleges. A Christian these faithful workers at the front. In faith that is not vital, strong and face of these difficulties should we send positive is powerless-it is even anti- out any but the best? Only those di- Christian. vinely called, fully consecrated and spiritually equipped are ambassadors 9. One of tne most difficult influ- worthy to represent the Son of God in ences to combat abroad is that of these most difficult fields today. Asiatic students returning from America and Europe with reports that The Rattle Against Christ Christianity has failed to produce observance of law,' chastity, brotherly The whole contest against Christ love and other virtues in the lands and His way of life is not only being from which the missionaries come. carried on in foreign, non-Christian The contacts and {)bservations of these lands, and in Russia. Today in Amerstudents have often been unfortunate ica there are too many college and and have given them warped views. university profes-sors, and many They may have expected too much. papers and magazines that are spread- ing atheism and unbelief. Univer- 10. But the most devoted and Christ- sities that would not countenance false like missionaries of whom this ques- teachings and harmful speculations on tion was asked, did not hesitate to science, do not hesitate to give free say: "The greatest obstacle to the reign to professors who scout the idea progress of Christianity in our field of a God who has revealed Himself to is our own lack of spiritual power. man and of a code of morals that har- Many confessed to a failure to live monizes with the character and laws up to their own ideals, to a neglect of of a wise and holy God. Some editors prayer and Bible study, and to absorp- of periodicals and managers of pubtion in secondary pursuits. They lishing houses seem to think that their longed for more evidence of Christ in whole responsibility ts to produce their own lives and for complete c{)n- articles and stories and books that will trol by the Spirit of God. sell, regardless of their truth, whole- some or degenerating influence. One In Spite of Hindrances well known, and formerly highly hon- ored magazine, recently advertised an In face of these and other diffi- article by an atheist to prove that culties, including the natural hardness Christ and His atonement for sin is of the human heart and the human an incredible myth and that the Christendency to follow the down hill road tian God is non-existent. Another in the way of foolishness and sin, is it to be wondered at that progress is slow in lands where anti-Christian be-

TOPICS 01<' 'l'HE TIMES

magazine of equal reputation pub- the necessary absence of Dr. Arthur lished an article on "The Disappear- J. Brown, who acted as secretary of ance of God." Still other popular the Board and editor of THE REVIEW periodicals have printed papers on most acceptably for the year 1930.

such subjects as "Stoicism, a Substi- Sympathy was extended to Professor tute for God:' the "Failure of Chris- H. P. Beach and Fleming H. Revell, tian Missions," and similar topics members of the Board since its organ- aiming to de·stroy faith in Christ and ization, and detained on account of ill- His teachings as set forth in the Bible. ness. During the year one of the most Not content with thi·s, publishers generous and devoted friends of THE even print stories and essays against REVIEW, Mrs. John S. Kennedy, has a high standard of ethics and morals. entered into the Life Beyond; as have Many evils follow because leaders of also two other warm friends and suppublic opinion, who provide reading ports, Mrs. W. H. Woolverton and for our young people and for all Miss Emily H. Wheeler. classes, undertake to undermine the On account of the economic situabasis of morality and belief in God. tion we cannot report a large increase In non-Christian lands we deplore the in the number of subscribers, but ignorance and low or perverted stand- we give thanks that the financial deficit ards of life. Are we not too com- was made up through gifts received placent in o.ur attitude toward false from fourteen mission boards, and and harmful teaching in the schools from twenty-four individual givers. and colleges to which we send our Fifteen Boards and societies also children, toward the theatricals and helped materially by sending subscripmovies which we permit them to see tions to their missionaries. The one and toward the books and periodicals hundred and eighty authors of articles, which they are reading? How can we the Board of Directors, members of expect to raise up a new generation the Editorial Council, THE REVIEW of Christians who will purify and staff, the Foreign Missions Conferstrengthen church and state and busi- ence, the Federation of Women's ness, and who will be living witnesses Boards, the Home Missions Council, to Christ and His Gospel, if we are and the Council of Women for Home not determined to fight against what Missions have cooperated to make the is false and evil and fail to surround work effective. The Foreign Mi·ssion them with influences that will develop Conference appointed the following as Christ-like faith, character and life? members of the Editorial Council for the present year: Dr. William Ban- The World and the Review crdt Hill, Mrs. F. I. Johnson, Rev. Henry Smith Leiper, Mr. William B. The annual meeting of the Mis·sion- Lipphard, Dr. William P. Schell, and ary Review Publishing Company, was Dr. Mills J. Taylor. held in the Assembly Room, 156 Fifth Avenue, on Friday, February 27th, at The Home Missions Council ap- 3: 30 p. m. Dr. Robert E. Speer, pointed the following: Dr. William presiding. The meeting was opened R. King, Dr. John McDowell, Dr. with prayer by Dr. C. Luther Fry. Charles H. Sears, and the Rev. Jay S. Stowell. There were about one hundred and The company also publishes the fifty friends present including stock- Moslem World, but without assuming holders representing 69 votes and 191 financial responsibility for it. This proxies, making a quorum for the quarterly reports 20% increase in Bub- transaction of business. scribers. THE REVIEW received 1,492 The Minutes of the Annual Meeting new subscribers during the year; an for 1930 were approved as mailed to average of over four a day; about 70% stockholders. of our subscribers renew each year.

The secretary expressed regret at These are unfortunately not enough

to offset the losses which were, almost The Nominating Committee re- without exception, due to financial ported nominations for directors for difficulties. the coming year and the following were unanimously elected: Professor The editor of THE REVIEW had the Harlan P. Beach, Dr.. Samuel McCrea privilege of a world tour of missions Cavert, Dr. William 1. Chamberlain, last year and this year the Editor of Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, Dr. P. H. Lerrigo, the Best Methods Department, Mrs. Mr. Walter McDougall, Dr. Eric M. F. I. Johnson, is on a similar tour. North, Mr. Fleming H. Revell, Dr. Both of these journeys were independ- Robert E. Speer, and Mr. Delavan L. ently financed. Pierson and Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer. It was with ,sincere regret that the THE REVIEW is steadfast to the pur- declination of Dr. William Bancroft pose for which it was inaugurated- Hill was received. namely to present the world-wide need for the Gospel and the world- Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, editor of wide work of the Church of Christ The Moslem World, spoke of the inin all lands as carried on by all evan- debtedness of the quarterly to the gelical workers. We maintain ab- company for publishing the magazine solute loyalty to Christ and the New for the past fourteen years; and he Testament standards of faith and then gave an address on some of the practice. This is the only missionary present facts relating to Christian interdenominational review published work in Moslem lands. in America representing evangelical work in all lands. We believe that Dr. Speer, the president, delivered there is as real a need and as large his annual address calling attention to a place for THE REVIEW as ever. In- the need for clear, unequivocal and cluding all expenses it costs on the courageous ·stand for the New Testaaverage about four dollars a subscrip- ment Christian ideals and message to tion to publish the magazine and sub- be proclaimed in all lands, even though scribers pay less than half the ex- this may mean persecution, suffering pense. Consequently it is necessary and death to the messenger. to make up the difference by gifts from those who believe in this educa- The editor also made a brief adtional and missionary work. The dress, giving stereopticon views of hi.s Board of Directors hope that large recent world tour. The meeting closed hearted friends will count it a privi- with prayer by the president. lege to make up this financial deficit and to enable us to increase the use- ~ourage. btotber! bo not fulness of the REVIEW. Suggestions are invited from friends of THE RE- ~tumble VIEW as to improvements in the magazine and ways of enlarging its circle mbougb tbp patb be bark of readers. a~ nigbt The treasurer, Mr. Walter Mc- mbere's a ~tar to guibe tbt Dougall, presented the annual report bumblt which showed total receipts of $27,- 300.02 and expenditures amounting to "~ru~t in ~ob. anb bo tbt $27,335.84, leaving a small deficit. rigbt." The net current assets on December 31st amounted to $30,565.47 and fixed m:bouglJ tbt roab be long anb assets, $2,142.49. brtarp The audit committee, Dr. Eric M. ~nb it~ tnbing out of ~igbt North, chairman, reported that the ..11oot it brabtlp-~trong or books of the company have been audited for the years 1929 and 1930, wearp and were found correct. On motion, Hmru~t in ~ob. anti bo tbe these reports were accepted for filing. rigbt."

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

AROUND THE WORLD WITH God will send her a good husband, for CUPID the great event of her life is her mar- (A demonstration for college groups) riage. By MRS. H. M. LE SOURD When the husband at last appears, there is feasting and music for a This little demonstration was de- week. He comes in the garb of an signed to set forth some marriage cus- ascetic with a wreath of white flowers toms in several mission lands. The around his neck. He has passed the bridal costumes of these countries day in worship and prayer for the de- may be obtained at a small rental fee parted spirits of his ancestors begging from most Board headquarter.s. How- twin blessings on himself and the girl ever, you will not find it difficult to he is about to marry. The bride too, make your .own. has passed the day in fasting and Music appropriate to the country prayer. Face to face the young couple represented should be played as each sit, their clothes tied together, his bride enters and takes her place. hand placed on hers. The reverend As a background for the demonstra- priest, bronze statue in orange robes, tion plain velvet portiers will give the lifts the garland and slips it over both best eifect, although more elaborate heads, and the ceremony is ended.

decorations may be used. The bride goes to her husband's You will find only two rehearsals home, but she is not alone, she is part necessary. The charm of this little of the great composite family of per- play is its simplicity not only in prep- haps over a hundred being·s. Every- aration but execution. You will find one watches her.

it easy to stage either in a church or When she and the bridegroom at home. last find themselves alone together, it INDIA is not the meeting of two lovers in (Given by a good reader, after the ardent embrace and kisses. All is bride has appeared) prayer. They must lie side by side for two nights in divine communion. Perhaps the most inhuman wrong practiced on the women of India is It would be impossible to exaggerate child marriage. Every Hindu girl is the evils of child-marriage. Physicala wife or widow at 14 and in many ly, it leads to torture, deformity, conparts of India, much younger. Girls stitutional ill-health and even to death have actually been married before by violence. It is pitiable for the child they were a year old, and when from wife to be obliged to submit herself 4 to 6 years of age, they very common- to the temper and often tyranny of ly cease to be single. her husband, but when the despotism and cruelty of several elderly women They are frequently married to is added to this, her lot may better be child husbands, but there are hundreds imagined than described. of cases where the husband is a man of forty, fifty or even sixty, and the PHILIPPINE ISLANDS child wife may be his fourth or fifth.

In the prayers that the Hindu girl The manner of wooing is rather pe- lifts with her mother, they both pray culiar. The man who wishes to pay 285

his addresses to a woman gets the combat in which he is always victori- consent of her mother and father. He ous, he enters. The other guests fol- is received by the entire family, when low and each one is presented with a he calls but is never allowed, in any cup or cigar by the family of the bride.

way, to show her any special favor or No one must be omitted or the mar- attention. He must devote himself to riage will be unlucky. The dowry is the family. If he wishes to take her paid to the mother.

to the theatre or concert he must take The bridegroom is then seated on the entire family. The proposal must a pile of mattresses and cushions in come from the man's parents and then company with his friends. Dancing the Captain of the Ship of the Mar- is going on in the center. The bride riage Broker sets a day on which the is in a private room making her toilet.

suitor may procure a number of tooth Before all the guests, the groom picks each one representing a dollar dons first a pair of gauze trousers for the purpose of buying a wife. The several sizes too large. Then a skirt modern stock market scene follows. that is far too small, made of rich The broker tries to beat the price up silk. Two long ribbons of gold and and the bridegroom wants it low. A silver cross over his breast and tie in fight follows, but the groom always the back. wins out. For a week or more before the marriage the bride elect is car- The bridegroom is squatted on the ried about iri a sort of wicker bamboo floor and a saucer of live coals is set hammock, borne on the shoulders of before him. The priest places five two young men and she goes about large rings upon the right hand of paying visits to her intimate friends. the bridegroom and recites a l.ong She is not allowed to put her foot to rigmarole. A Philippine pendita the ground or do any manual labor. begins to sing louder and louder which is a signal for six bridesmaids to en- The trousseau of a rich Philippine ter and seat themselves among the girl consists of dozens and dozens of cushions. They have false finger nails rich dresses. No other article is of of silver two inches long. Their faces interest. Marriage is not a question of affection, seemingly. The only are painted with rice paste and their thing necessary is money enough to eyebrows are artificially broadened pay the priest. Very often all rites and their front hair banged. The are set aside. The man chooses his bride then enters and turns her back on the groom as the latter makes a companion, the two live together and pilgrimage to her side. After being probably rear a large family. repulsed, he gazes disconsolately at The marriage ceremony is quite a her back. The crowd extends its sym- complicated affair. At the proper pathy and urges the bride to relent.

time, the suitor goes to a place pre- Finally after many entreaties, she viously decided upon, and sends a mes- turns and faces the bridegroom and senger to the bride's house to ask, the ceremony is ended.

"Can the ship come to anchor 1" The A dance follows, and no one may future bride sends a messenger to refuse to dance. After the dancing, reply in the affirmative. A second comes a feast furnished by the bride. message from the groom says, "We Dancing and feasting alternate until have anchored." The bride's family the food supply is exhausted. While then send the toothpicks, each of the guests are eating, the second time, which represents a dollar in value, and the door is opened, and the bride and the suitor thus learns how much dow- groom appear. They eat alone, to the ry is demanded for the bride. accompaniment of music, and then When necessary preparations are dance together. This completes the concluded, the groom goes to the home ceremony, but the festivities usually of the bride's parents. After a mock last until the following morning.

19311 METHODS FOR WORKERS

AFRICA slaves, losing our individuality, and almost our identity. (Given by the bride hcr::;clf) CHINA I am Naga, a bride from Africa and I come to tell you of the marriage (Given by a good reader) customs of my land. Weddings in China are celebrated When I was but twelve years of with a great deal of formality and age, a man from the next town came expense. Betrothals are generally conto my father asking to marry me. tracted at a very early age. Initiative is almost always made by a woman He was willing to pay a sheet of called a "go-between." She is acbrass for me. quainted with all the families of the neighborhood. She suggests to par- After bargaining one way and the ents a desirable match for their son. other, my father decided to accept the She forms the medium for carrying sheet of brass, but he must also have on communication between the two two tusks of ivory in payment. families, as it is regarded as improper and indelicate for parents of either Sometimes in my country the bride- family to see the other or for parents groom pays for his bride in goats, or to arrange marriage without the "godogs or dog collars, exchange of wom- between." en, the father securing a new wife for himself at the same time that he Idea of courtship, love-letters, etc., gives his daughter in marriage. are quite shocking to right-minded Chinese persons. While the' bridegroom and my father were bargaining, I brought them Betrothal is consummated by exthings to eat, which my mother had change of presents and the making prepared. I then saw how old and over to the parents of the groom a ugly the man who was to be my hus- formal document. The relation of band was, and I cried out that I hated husband and wife is thus constituted him, and stamped my feet; but every- and the engagement i·s regarded as one except my mother laughed at me, sacred and binding as if the marriage for it was. quite the custom for the had been performed.

husband of a young girl to be old and Chinese women sometimes live as widows for life because their husbands ugly. We grow accustomed to it after died when very young boys. These a while. widows who have never been married spend their lives with the parents of The bartering is then completed and deceased husbands and devote them- I am the property of my husband. selves to caring for them.

All the next day there is feasting Previous to the wedding day, the and dancing in my father's village bride has her eyebrows pulled out so and at sundown, I am taken in a cara- that she is ever afterward recognized van of my husband's people to his as a married woman. town, only my mother and a few of my friends accompanying me. O~ the m.orning of her wedding day, she IS carfled to the home of her fu- When we arrive at my husband's ture husband in a beautiful and highly village, I am encircled by women of ornamental bridal chair. Red is the his household, who dance around me color of bridal chamber and costume. singing songs of ridicule and scorn. They worship together the spirit tab- My mother responds to them with an- lets of the ancestors of the brideother song, which is a plea that they groom. Parties first see each other's care for me and provide enough food faces when seated by the bridal bed. for my body. Then, weeping my moth- The bride's veil is removed and the er and I part and she goes back to my two parties drink wine from the same father's people, while I am left among strangers as the unhappy slave of my husband. For we brides of Africa are seldom happy and are sold from one husband to another until we are mere

cup. Then they receive congratula- timating each other's personal appeartions and the groom and guests feast, ance and character. but the bride does not eat at the wedding feast. As filial duty is a prominent element in Confucian morality, it is very sel- NOTE: IIu ve four coolies em'ry briUe in on dom that children object to their pararm chair supported by two poles, Bride car· ents' choice. Under the influence of ries umbrella over which is thrown a bright Western customs the young people, in red c10th which completely hides her face. Sbe recent years, have raised objections lifts this as she steps out and starts to speak. and the marriage broker has to begin all over again until he finds a suitable JAPAN mate.

(Given by a good reader) After the first meeting the bride- groom sends gifts of clothes and food Japanese women seldom have ca- to the lady, and if these are accepted reers, for they are always expected to they are considered engaged. A lucky marry. One rarely meets a spinster day is chosen before which time the over twenty in Japan, for they are bridegroom makes a formal visit to considered a discredit to their family the bride's home and meets all the and are kept in close seclusion. It was family. On the wedding day the bride a custom for the married women to is dressed entirely in white, the blacken their teeth when they went mourning garb of the country, and is upon the street, but the spinsters also carried to the home of the bridegroom, often did this rather than admit they where she changes her dress to a more were single, ana so the custom dropped festive one. As the feast is in proginto disuse. The marriage tie is a ress, the bride and groom and two loose one and can be dissolved without servants withdraw to another room legal procedure. Divorce can be ob- and pledge each other three times with tained for disobedience to the husband three cups of wine, exchange rings, or the husband's relatives, for talka- and join hands, which makes them tiveness or jealousy. The mother-in- man and wife. They then change law usually has absolute dominion clothes and return to the feast to reover the daughter-in-law. In the lower ceive congratulations. Again leaving classes, a wife may be divorced if she the feast, they return to the private cannot keep her husband's business room and go through pledging again. accounts. Religion plays no part in it, and it all takes place at night, with no press Personal attraction or preference announcement and no honeymoon. At plays no part in the Japanese mar- the end of the feast the guests leave. riage. It is entirely a matter of busi- The names of the couple are entered nes-s, the affair and the terms made at the Registry Office and the marby a marriage broker or middleman. riage ceremony is completed. If the daughter has no brothers the bridegroom must take the bride's fam- MOSLEM ily name in order to have a succession. As it is hard to persuade a man to (Given by a good reader) do this the marriage broker has to use special diplomacy in arranging From the standpoint of humanity such a marriage. and civilization the most glaring evil of Islam, next to the exultation of war, Women of Japan enjoy more free- is the practice of child marriage. Mardom than in other Oriental countries. riage among children is common, as The marriage age is fifteen for girls is also the marriage of little girls to and seventeen for men. Each must older and old men. It is written in the have the consent of both families. Koran, that he whose daughter reaches twelve years of age and has not been A betrothal feast is held, shared by giVen in marriage and falls into sin, all the members of both families and the young couple for the first time in their lives have an opportunity of eS-

METHODS FOR WORKERS

he is responsible for that sin. The be at home or in the church. There saddest case·s Christian physicians is absolutely only one variation. It have to treat are those of little girls makes no difference whether the girl who ought to be enjoying games and is young or old, maid or widow, rich school life, seriously injured, if not or poor, exquisitely beautiful or hidmaimed for life, as a result of this eously ugly, the only thing that varies horrible practice. is the trousseau of clothes which is given by the man to his bride, and the Young or old, the wife is an inferi- quality of this depends on his means. or, a plaything, or a slave. A father can dispose as he pleases of the hand A Moslem woman i·s the property of his daughter without asking her of her husband. She exists to give consent, whatever her age may be. him pleasure and bear his children. Men marry at sixteen, and girls from If she fails in this because of ill nine to twelve years of age. So a girl health, he may cast her aside, neglect of eleven has often been married and her, leave her to die, divorce her, or divorced several times. A Mohamme- at best allow her to lead a colorless dan marriage is a contract, rather existence in the household presided than a sacrament. A man makes his over by another wife. If, after marchoice of a female and then the law riage, she is' disobedient, she is given allows him to see her first, if he solitary confinement. Repeated acts wishes, but the majority never take of disobedience call for corporal punthat much trouble. Accompanied by ishment, which the husband is allowed friends, he goes to the house of an to inflict. The Mohammedan is alagent and there settles the amount of lowed four wives, but must treat them the dowry, which is paid to the girl's with strict impartiality. mother. The Moslem law appoints no specific religious sacrament to be ob- AMERICA served on the occasion of marriage. Mutual consent in the presence of wit- (Given by a good reader) nesses is sufficient to make marriage valid. It is hardly necessary for me to go into detail regarding American cus- On the day appointed for the mar- toms of marriage for the audience no riage, the bridegroom, accompanied by doubt is composed of has-beens, and some friends, goes to the place agreed would-be-brides-to-be. In every womupon. Two trustworthy witnesses an's heart there is the desire to somemust be present. All persons then re- time marry. American women have cite the first chapter of the Koran, careers and marry later in life, or they and the bridegroom then delivers the may marry and then have careers. dowry. The bridegroom and the agent The girl may have many suitors and of the bride sit upon the ground face she is priviledged to make her choice. to face and grasp each other's right It is best, however, for her to have hand, raising the thumbs and press- the consent of her parents, though no ing them against each other. Having hardship is brought to bear if she passed a handkerchief over their marries without. hands, the guardian says, "I marry to thee my daughter, for a dowry of such The marriage ceremony is regarded and such an amount." The bridegroom as most sacred and binding upon both then says, "I accept from thee her parties. The only part not regarded marriage with myself and take her so is the throwing of rice, old shoes, under my care and engage myself to hats, cane,s and the like, and this part afford her protection, and ye who are is rapidly falling into disuse. The present bear witness to this." ceremony is always performed by a minister, priest, or justice of the There is no discussion among Mo- peace. Sometimes the wedding may hammedans whether the wedding will be quite an elaborate affair. Parties, dinners, and showers being given a 4

month or two preceding the wedding yellow, with tissue paper, or bunting, day by friends of the bride as well as and two members of the group be sethe family. Hundreds of guests may lected to have charge of this, just inbe invited to witness the ceremony, or side the door, and to place carefully it may be a simple wedding with the in it all the eggs that are brought to bride, bridegroom, and two witnesses the party. The disposal of the eggs, completing the party. after the party, may be left to the leader, but the children should be in- The two are priviledged to establish formed of their destination and should a home if they so desire and the girl it be possible that one or two (or as may be the master of her own house- a group), could take part in the delivhold. ery of the eggs, that would add to the interest. Freedom is the outstanding feature in American ideals and customs and The singing of Easter songs and the American girl has the freedom of the playing of one or two games in marrying or not marrying: freedom which the tiny egg-shaped candies of choice, freedom of ceremony and could be used or a chocolate egg or freedom of establishing a home. bunny given as a prize to the winner, would help make it a real party. Or- NOT": You may want to change the above. dinary white beans may take the place Have this bride In a real wedding dre.s, a bou- of little eggs and when hidden in variquet may be obtained for the occasion from " ous places about the room make good photographer, material for an Easter-egg hunt, in which all the children present may A HOME MISSIONARY EASTER join. The prize might go, as a con- solation, to the child finding the least. EGG PARTY After the singing of some such A party would not be a real party hymn as "Jesus Christ Is Risen Towithout something to eat, but this day" the following prayer could be retime most of the things to eat will not peated in unison, (the leader having be used at the party but be carried to printed it on a blackboard or large someone shut in, or to someone who is sheet of paper where all may read) : not able to have many parties or good things to eat at any time. On slips of Dear Jesus, who died on the cross for colored paper, cut in the shape of an our sins, egg, if desired, the following invitation might be printed or written and And who now dwells in heaven sent to other children in the church above, or community who would be interested in coming to the party: Please bless our small efforts to bring Easter joy To a little Easter party that we're giv- ing (day of week) next To sad hearts, and to thus show Thy love.-Amen. We'd like to have you come at three, and hope you'll not be vexed NEGRO MEETING If we ask that you will bring an egg I asked the pastor of a negro Bap- or two, or three, or more- ti~t Church to send us his choir to sing spirituals at an evening meeting. To place within the basket that you'll The cooperation was splendid and find inside the door. ended by their supplying the whole program. A cultured young colored And then on Easter morning, with stenographer gave a splendid paper some other girl or boy, on, "The Literature of the Negroes." Another girl recited, and the choir Who is sick or sad or lonely, we may sang. They had refreshments with share our Easter joy. us. Two at least of our "Missionary Women" refused to come, but the re- (The time, "three" mentioned above, can of course be changed to any hour desired.) The leader should have in readiness a large basket decorated in mauve and

suIt was an increase in racial under- is a dramatization, personalization or Ht.anding. program thought out and prepared by the Juniors themselves. This is a real Later, however, when I tried to demonstration of the spirit of the bring a colored woman, a graduate of children and will bring the parents to Yale Music School, wife of a gradu- a realization of the value of the mis- ate of Ohio University, and a Y. M. sionary spirit as nothing else will. C. A. worker, as a guest singer, I was not permitted to do so as the pastor's Public programs by the children's wife said we had to "be careful." organization should be carried out at least once or twice a year and all SIMPLE RECREATIONAL METHOD parents, including fathers and grand- fathers, should be invited. Write names, stations, and countries, of half as many missionaries of It is not possible, however, to reach your own Board as you have women the uninterested parents who do not in your meeting. send their children to the missionary organization meetings through their Separate names from stations and programs. They must be reached countries, pass out names and corres- through the Sunday-school, or some ponding stations and countries. adult organization which they attend. Put boys and girls on the programs of Let the women who have the names your adult societies and have missionfind the stations and reseat name and ary demonstrations in the Sundaystation together, the leader carefully school as frequently as possible. A adjusting any misfits. simple recitation or song by a child may interest all or many members of It breaks up formality, brings wom- a household. A very simple exercise en together who should know each for a Sunday-school, or adult organizaother better, fixes names and stations tion meeting, may be "The Stairway in mind. to Success." Have any number of chil- dren, each of a different size, from the A MEN'S MEETING smallest child possible reaching up to the adult standing in a row on the We asked the men of our Society to platform to form a stairway. take full charge of an evening meeting, not a woman's voice was to be The adult may be the Sunday-school heard! superintendent or the president of an adult organization. Without words The husband of the President was this exercise illustrates the thought in the chair and the husband of every of the success of the adult activity other officer took her duties. depending upon the training of the children. A picture of such a stair- They chose "Missions and Peace" way may convey the lesson in the form for their subject. A professor led the of a poster under which are the words devotionals; a lawyer, popular as a speaker, gave the main address; a WATCH YOUR STEP man was at the piano; a bass sang a solo. or A large offering was demanded and new members were insisted upon. The men entered into the spirit of the thing and many considered the meeting one of the finest ever offered.

REACHING THE PARENT KEEP THE CHILDREN THROUGH THE CHILD We live in deeds, not words; Perhaps the best way to reach a In thoughts, not breaths; parent's heart is through programs in In feelings, not in figures on the dial. which his child takes part. All of the Life counts time by heart throbs Boards are publishing splendid pro- He lives most who thinks most, grams for boys and girls. Best of all Feels the noblest, acts the best.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York, and FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Exe.cutive SecretaTies of the Council of Women for Home Missions and Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS Mrs. L. R. Rounds, Mrs. Lewis L. Anewalt. Secretary-Mrs. John C. Shover. Treasurer- Mrs. Frank Gaylord Cook. Assistant Treasurer- Mrs. Philip M. Rossman. Executive, Secretary-Miss Florence G. Tyler.

MRS. HOWARD MISS FLORENCE Committees and Chairmen "VAYNE SlfI'fTl O. tl'YLER Administrative-Mrs. Howard Wayne President Executive Becretat'V Smith.

Officers By-Laws-Mrs. Clayton D. Eulette. Foreign Students-Mrs. Leslie E. President – Mrs. Howard Wayne Smith. Swain. Home Base-Miss Amelia D. Kemp. Honorary Vice-President-Mrs. Henry Industrial-Miss Lucy Kent. W. Peabody. International Relations-Mrs. E. H.

First Vice-Preside.nt-Miss Margaret Silverthorn. E. Hodge. Missionary Prepal·ation-Mrs. Agnes Vice-Presidents-Mrs. DeWitt Knox, C. L. Donohugh. Mrs. William Edgar Geil, Miss'ions and Governments~Mrs. Wil- Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn, Mrs. F. 1. Johnson, liam L. Darby. Mrs. H. A. Lavell, St1lde.nt Work-Miss Jean Dayton. Mrs. James C. Colgate, Nominating-Miss Carrie M. Kersch- Mrs. D. J. Fleming, Mrs. William L. Darby, ner. Mrs. Ernest A. Evans, Interdenominational Institutions on the Foreign Field-Miss Margaret E. Hodge. ConfeTences a,nd Schools of Mission.s -Miss Carrie M. Kerschner. World Day of Prayer-Mrs. S. S. Hough.

COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS Officers Thil'd Vice-President~Mrs. Fred S. Bennett. President-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. Honora1'Y PTesident-Mrs. George W. Recording SecretaTy-Miss Julia Flor- ance. Coleman (President, 1908-1915). First Vice-P1·esident-Mrs. Philip M. Treasureri—Mrs. Edwin W. Lentz.

Rossman. Executive Officers Second Vice-P1·esident-Mrs. Millard Executive SecretaTy-Miss Florence L. Robinson. E. Quinlan (until April 1).

292 MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD HRs. PHILIP M. ROSS{AN ~rRS. M. L. ROnTNSO~ MRS. FRED S. BENNE'l'T Prc8idc11 t Fir8t Vice-Pre8ident Second rice-Prcside1J t 'l'htra Yice-President Director, Ind'ian Work-Miss Helen JOINT STANDING M. Brickman. With Federation of Woman's Boards Sec1'etary for Migrant Work-Miss of Foreign Missions Edith E. Lowry. World Day of Prayer-Mrs. S. S. Western S1tpervisor, Migrant Work- Hough. Miss Adela J. BalTard, 228 McAllis- ter Street, San Francisco, Califor- W'ith MissionU11} Education Movement nia. Joint Committee on Home Mission Assistant Treasnrer-Miss G. Evelyn Lite1'Uture>–Miss E. Jessie Ogg. Morse. With Federation and Movement Conlmittees and Cl1airlllen Conferences and Schools of Missions- STANDING Miss Carrie IVr. Kerschner. Leadership Training-Mrs. Orrin R. .4dministrative-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. ChautauqurIr-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. Judd . Finance-Miss Ruth B. Rule. International Relations-Miss Elinor With Home Missions Council K. Purves. Joint Administrative-Mrs. Orrin R. Legislative MatteI's – Mrs. Samuel Judd.

Semple. AlaskrIr-Dr. Edward D. Kohlstedt. Migrant Work – Mrs. Kenneth D. City and New Americans-Dr. Charles Miller. H. Sears. Student Work-Miss Muriel Day. Indian Work-Dr. Frank A. Smith. Study Courses~Miss May Huston. SPECIAL Annual Meeting – Miss Amelia D.

Kemp. – Eva Clark Waid Metnorial Fund for Woyld Peace- Mrs. F. W. Wilcox.

Nominating~Mrs. J. J. Pearsall.

Office Administmtion- Mrs. F. W. Wilcox.

Study of Litemtnre-Mrs. Edwin W. Lentz.

S-u,1'vey a:nd Pol.icy-Mrs. Fred S. Ben- nett.

Mas. EDWIN W. LENTZ ~Ba(hTa(h) 'rhe }]el,L ln~H, Hf1:vn:w htld flichH'I'~ of "'Irs. COlelllUll. )[i~8 QuiulalL lind :':Jix~ Bl'i(~klllan; 7'rea8U1"f~r MISS JULIA FLORANCE October, 192U, pictlwes of :Jliss Lmvry und Miss Ballard; ::Ha;YI 1930 , group pictllres in which ReoortJing Seoretwrll Miss Morse and Miss Kaiser appear.

JOINT SPECIAL The Origin of Good Will Day With Federation and National Council In the little neutral country of Hol- of Federated Church Women land, in a great hall in the Queen's palace, the delegates sat for three Relationships-Mrs. Fred S. Bennett. months in secret session, wrestling futilely with the problem of arma- With Home Missions Council and ments, but making great progress in Federal Council planning for mediation and arbitra- tion. Finally, the German delegates Comity and Five-Year Program of balked and disaster seemed imminent. Survey and Adjustment-Dr. Her- But our great ambassador, Andrew D. White, sent an envoy to Berlin showmann N. Morse. ing documents to the skeptical Hohen- lohe and Von Bulow proving that Other Personnel America cared tremendously. Thirty- one Baptist clergymen in Oregon had Office Secretary – Miss Virginia cabled a petitior.; a bishop in Texas Kaiser. had written a prayer offered every Sunday by thousands for the success Directors of Religious Edncation of the Conference. These and similar demonstrations had weight. The Kaiser Government Indian Schoob removed the objections and the work went on. Half a dozen men of hope Albuquerque and Santa Fe, New Mex- and courage saved the day. ico—-Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Ross. The Hague Tribunal of Internation- Flandreau, South Dakota and Pipe- al Arbitration was established; a stone, Minnesotar-Mr. Isaac Grey- panel of judges of four from each earth. country was chosen and the legal ma- chinery set up whereby mediation by Genoa, Nebraskar-Rev. J. M. Hinds. neutrals could be urged when war Haskell Institute, Lawrence, Kansas- threatened, and arbitration be carried out. In six years, as a result of this Rev. A. A. Van Sickle. beginning in international cooperation, Sherman Institute, Riverside, Califor- looking toward world organization, one portentous war had been prevented, nia!—–Rev. Floyd O. Burnett, Miss another great war ended and the Veva Wight. United States had carried the first Theodore Roosevelt School, For t case to the Tribunal and others fol- Apache, A r i Z 0 n a—Miss Pearl lowed. This body of jurists now nomi- Fletcher. nates the judges of the World Court. ORGANIZE THE WORLD A second Conference was held in By MRS. LUCIA AMES MEAD 1907 with 44 member nations. Had the proposals then of Secretary Elihu Reprinted by permission from June, 1930, Root been accepted by all and lived up Facts and Factors} published by the Massa· to, the World War could have been prechusetts Federation of Churches and Council vented; 30,000,000 would not have of Religious Education. suffered death, or wounds, or starva- tion and we would not have lost Fifty- In August, 1898, 26 nations having One Thousand Million Dollars in a ambassadors at St. Petersburg re- war that did not end war or make the ceived from the Tsar's minister a world safe for democracy. The lesson startling rescript inviting them to of May 18th is that Good Will must be meet and consider the limitation of organized. Organize the World! armaments. Most of these nations were skeptical, but strong men in many nations recognized a great call and hope. William T. Stead, the noted British publicist, earnestly welcomed it, started a new organ, established a center in London sending out speakers for months all over England. He sent young Ramsay Macdonald over here to strengthen our interest in the coming conference to be opened on the Tsar's birthday, May 18, 1899.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

APPEAL OF WOMEN TO THE charge of national honor and the safe- guard of humanity. WORLD'S STATESMEN The International Council of Women, Geneva, September, 1930 Ishbel Aberdeen & Temair.

The undersigned organizations, rep- Women's International League for resenting more than forty millions of Peace and Freedom, Jane Addams. women working in various ways in fifty-six different countries of the The World's Young Women's Chrisworld to forward international under- tian Association, C. M. Van Asch standing and cooperation, feel im- Van Wyck. pelled to call attention to an increasing and ominous tendency of the The International Alliance of Women press, the general public and even for Suffrage and Equal Citizenship, governmental circles to discuss, or ad- M. 1. Corbett Ashby. mit in discussion, the possibility of another war; this in utter disregard The World Union of Women for Inof the sacred Pact formally renouncing ternational Concord, Clara Guthrie war, which has just been signed by D'Arcis. fifty-seven civilized nations. The International Federation of Uni- This constitutes a flagrant slur on versity Women, Winifred Cullis. the national honor of the signatories of the Briand-Kellogg Pact, a direct TOKYO JOSHI DAIGAKU menace to the youth of the world and to humanity in general. It cannot and (Woman'. Ohristian Oollege) must not be tolerated! By DR. A. K. REISCHAUER We stagger under an unprecedented burden of armaments in the midst of Executive Secretary of the College commercial depression and economic warfare. We have come to a critical Life on the campus is humming this moment of upheaval and unrest and year. The business depression, keenly we demand the energetic action of felt in Japan, has reduced the number every constructive force. of students from 496 to 465, but there is no feeling of depression in the col- We declare the work for peace to be lege atmosphere. The handsome new the most urgent task before the world Library and Administration Building today. We appeal, therefore, to every is rising in the center of the quadranright-thinking person and, in particu- gle and the pouring of concrete and lar, to women, who pay the first cost beating of hammers makes music in of human life, to realize their respon- our ears. This building, entirely paid sibility and power. We ask every for before completed, with the Library single individual to use his active in- section a gift from an independent fluence to combat the idea of a re- woman missionary of Japan through course to violence as the solution of the Methodist Board, is the first opany problem; to work by word and portunity afforded us to go beyond the deed for the eradication of the psy- purely practical and necessary, and chological causes of war-fear, igno- embody some of the beauty and idealrance and greed; and to promote by ism of education in architecture. every means the recognition of the oneness of humanity and the interde- The practical has not been lost sight pendence of nations. of for there is ample provision for the business staff on the first floor, and a We demand of our statesmen, elect- cafeteria and school supply store on ed by the people-if they value their the ground floor. Both of these are privilege of service-to increase their managed by the Alumnre Association efforts and henceforward to make the who wish to guide the diet of these whole-hearted 0 b s e r van c e of the young women along new and more Briand-Kellogg Pact the supreme wholesome lines, and add a steady in- come to their growing endowment fund. The spacious Library and read- ing rooms, the alcoves of bllOks on

special subject,s to which the students lege; two are Y. W. C. A. workers; will have access, and the well-equipped one an officer in the National W. C. stock rooms will provide one of the T. U., in the white slave traffic definest libraries in Japan. The attrac- partment; two are living in social tive lounge with its comfortable settlement houses in the ,slums of chairs, warm coloring, and decorative Tokyo managing a children's Chrispalms will give a sense of welcome to tian library and girls' clubs; while all who come on business; while up- the daughter of the popular General stairs two pleasantly furnished con- Yamamuro of the Salvation Army is ference rooms offer a homey atmos- principal of the Officers' Training phere in which human members of the School of this outstandinl!' Christian family may meet in friendly conver- organization. This spirit of sacrificial sation with any girl who has need of service ("Service and Sacrifice" is the sympathy or advice. school motto), is growing steadily in the student body as is evidenced by Written across the front of the the conducting of a Sunday school for building is the ideal of our college the children of the neighborhood and education,-"W HAT S 0 EVE R the entertaining of a working girls' THINGS ARE TRUE" :-from the club in this suburb, as well as by the peak of the center roof flames a torch, voluntary work of the girls in helping catching the rays of the sun by day to beautify the campus, and their large and of artificial light by night-this, contributions towards buying equipthe emblem of the school, embodying ment for future generations of stuthe hope that goes out with each dents to enjoy. graduate. Japan needs educated women, with the courage that goodness There are still two great needs in and self-respect give, to lead the na- the line of building before this Womtion through her womanhood to the an's Christian College is equipped to abundant life free to all. The produc- serve the best interests of this largest ing of Christian leadership in the body of college-grade women in a home, the classroom, the office, in the Christian institution in the Orient. political and social life of the people, Another dormitory unit in order that is the aim of this Woman's Christian at least 50% of the students may live College. on the campus and receive all the ben- efits of extra-curricular activities and To what extent has this hope been have more personal contact with the realized in the one decade past? Quite staff of Western teachers; and a sufficiently to give courage and renew building combining a chapel and audiefforts for the future. As would be torium for cultivating the spiritual expected in the Orient, the great ma- and !esthetic life of the ,students. The jority of the girls are married by desire is for a chapel small enough to their families soon after leaving col- house comfortably the definitely Chrislege. Of the relatively ·small remain- tian group on the campus amid surder, who are allowed temporarily to roundings beautiful and creative of go into some kind of work or are ex- the spirit of reverence and wor·ship, pected to earn a living, many are car- and under the same roof to have an rying the torch. In the college itself auditorium where the entire student there are thirteen in positions of re- body, their families and the surroundsponsibility on the faculty, among the ing community, may come regularly administrative staff, in charge of the for religious services and various Alumnre Association 8tore and cafe- gatherings that enrich and ennoble teria, and as housemothers in the dor- life. Who can fail to imagine the hold mitories. Each year several are ·such a place would have on the lives engaged to teach in missionary sec- of those attending? May Christian ondary schools for girls. At present women catch the vision of such an three are studying in the States in influence in moulding the character of Ann Arbor. Well~sley and Wilson Col-

this large and eager group of their 3. You will not profiteer. You will younger sisters in Japan, and having not raise the prices of native caught the vision, make it a reality! goods because the people are now showing a greater interest in THE CAPA SCHOOL them.

The Capa School of Stamboul is not 4. You will strive to learn how to buy only interested in preparing girls for your goods as cheaply as possible the teaching profession, but in pre- so that, in turn, you may sell paring women for various practical them as reasonably as you can. professions. At the present time 150 students are taking the normal course The duties of Turkish factory owners: in home economics. Five specialists from Belgium and France are direct- 1. Great success is made by large ing the school. The first two classes stocks, so you must try to save are devoted to general secondary edu- and collect money to increase cation. During the last three, speeial- your stocks. ty is given in various subjects. Cooking, millinery, dressmaking, and other 2. You must try in every way to insubjects a domestic science course will crease the number of articles provide. which can be manufactured in Turkey and to improve the This year. the school has enlarged quality of all manufactured goods, its work to include night classes for so that Turkish-made articles may working women. The practical side of soon be the equal of all importadomestic science is given. These tions. courses are designed not so much to produce specialists or teachers as to FOR OFFICERS AND STAFFS prepare women to be better housewives. Give me, 0 Lord, that quietness of heart that makes the most of labor and DUTIES OF A TURKISH CITIZEN rest. Save me from passionate excite- AND A TURKISH MERCHANT ment, petulant fretfulness and idle fear, keeping me in the restful presence of Much is being written in the papers Thy love. Teach me to be alert in all these days about the duties of loyal responsibilities, without hurry and with- Turks in supporting native-made out neglect. Tame Thou and rule my products. The following points were tongue that I may not transgress Thy published in a leading Stamboul paper law of love. When others censure may as indicative of the highest type of I seek Thine image in each fellowman, Turkish citizen in his various rOles as judging with charity as one who shall buyer, producer and middleman. be judged. Banish envy from my thoughts and hatred from my lips. Help The duties of a Turkish citizen: me to be content, amid the strife of 1. You will try to save as much as you tongues, with my unspoken thought. spend. When anxious cares threaten my peace, 2. You will choose native materials help me to run to Thee, that I may find whether or not they are in style my rest, and be strong for endurance at present. and service.-Selected. 3. You will not mix foreign foods with native products at your dinners. WHOEVER ALLOWS HIMSELF TO 4. You will not spend your money for luxuries such as beads and neck- GET OUT OF PATIENCE laces. Whoever allows himself to get out of The duties of a Turkish merchant: patience comes to the falling-off place 1. You will not import materials that before he is aware of it. By indulging are made or could be made in in temper and saying cruel words a man Turkey. loses control of himself, and his tongue 2. You will sell materials of the best grows keener and more bitter and he ef- quality that are manufactured fects nothing an(l hurts forever the man locally. he attacks. Do not turn friendship into hatred by hasty speech. "By conquering yourself you have conquered me," were the words accompanying the capitulation of a great Indian chief to one of our Colonilll governors. Think it over.

-John Wanamaker.

~RLD-1nDEOUrLOO~~1

INDIA Lord Irwin, has declared that Mr. Gandhi and the British Agree Gandhi, the man he imprisoned only nine months ago f.or defying British A REPORT from Delhi on March authority, not only was an able peace 3, announces that an agreement negotiator, but had established a had been reached between Mahatma record for endurance, patience and Gandhi, leader of the Indian Nation- perseverance which men of greater alist party, and the British Govern- physique and ·strength could scarcely ment of India. Just twelve months equal. after Gandhi and his lieutenants of the Congress party initiated their Mr. Gandhi and Narcotics campaign of civil disobedience, the stormy petrel of Indian politics and OPIUM is a curse to India-espethe Viceroy, Lord Irwin, reached a cially to mothers and children. compromise. . This means that the One of Mahatma Gandhi's demands is Indian Nationalists will have seats at that the British do all in their power the round table conference. The Con- to block the sale of intoxicants and gress party's campaign of civil dis- narcotics. The Indian Government licenses the sale of opium and intoxi. obedience, which included defiance of cants throughout India-in spite of the salt laws, non-payment of taxes, the protest of many leading natives. holding of illegal as·semblies and mass Ignorant mothers are among the largpicketing of factories and shops sell- est purchasers of narcotic£ which ing British goods, will be called off. they use to quiet fretting children. Such drugs and intoxicants are sap- It is understood that the Indian Gov- ping the life of India. One .of Mr. ernment made conces·sions and that Gandhi's demands prior to accepting the British program for dominion henceforth the natives will be per- government is that this traffic shall be mitted to manufacture salt by the discouraged and that opium and liquor pr.ocess of evaporation on the sea- shops be closed throughout the length coasts, the government monopoly, and breadth of India. however, maintaining control of its All-Asia Women'. Conference manufacture and distribution in in- land areas. Political prisoners are expected to be released and Gandhi will no longer I press his demand for an inquiry into N JANUARY, Lahore was the scene alleged police excesses. Property con- of an historic conference, being the fiscated from Congress members found first All-Asia Conference of Women.

guilty of law-breaking will be restored Delegates were present from most of with their release from jail. the countries in Asia including Pales- Much credit for the achievement of tine, Syria, Iraq, Persia, Afghanistan, peace in India will be accorded the Nepal, Burma, Ceylon, Java and Viceroy, Lord Irwin. Almost single- Japan. In a number of these countries handed and in the face of opposition women have had up to recent times, a of some members of the Indian Civil very small part in the public life. The Service, Lord Irwin has fought Eng- absence of the Chinese representative land's battle for a peaceful settlement does not indicate any lack of interest of the tangled political situation in on the part of the Chinese to cooper- India. ate.

298 The Rani (Queen) of Mandi opened The New Indian Bishop the Conference. This was called to pro- THE General Conference of the mote cultural unity among the women Methodist Episcopal Church in of Asia and to place at the service of 1928 empowered the several Central humanity the qualities which are pe- Conferences to elect bishops. culiar to the Orient, to join in an effort to do away with evils that are This was a far-reaching step and in present, to encourage the wider adop- the recent election of J ashwant Rao tion of those elements that have been Chitambar to the episcopacy, India beneficial in the West, and to benefit all by the exchange of experiences honored not only herself but the whole among the countries of the East. In Church. Bishop Chitambar has been her concluding remarks she said: "Let recognized for a long time as one of us disregard customs and traditions the outstanding men of all India. He which have been strangling our do- is recognized by all of the Christian mestic life." forces of India, and by leading non- Christians as one of the outstanding forces for righteousness in all that An Important Indian Conference great country. Look at what the election means to THE Central Indian Conference of the 500,000 Methodists in India. The the Methodist Episcopal Church, Indians will feel, in a very real sense, held at Cawnpore, December 27 to that the Church in India is indeed January 6, was an epoch-making their own church. It will bring new event. First: There was elected their life and hope and determination. In first Indian Bishop, the Rev. Jashwant a more real. sense the Church will R. Chitambar, principal of the Luck- become indigenous. The whole organ- now College. He is widely known in ization will have to be readjusted to India and in America and was the Indian ways-ways that are Buited to Indian delegate to the General Confer- India, the people of India, the reli- ence in the United States a few years gious life and thought of India.

ago. He will reside at Jubbulpore, This step will give the non-Chris- C. P. tians a new concept concerning the Second: A new emphasis was placed Church. They have looked upon by the Conference on the Indian Christianity as a "western" religion Church as the agency for evangeliz- run by "western" men. It has been ing India. Henceforth the chief linked up with the British Empire, emphasis is to be placed on the train- and has been thought of as one of the ing of laymen and of self-supporting agencies of those who were running it.

and church-supported Indian min- In a very real way the Church will isters. make a larger appeal to the great non- Third: The movement toward Christian communities.-DR. BENSON Church union received a strong im- BAKER.

petus. The Conference declared it to be their desire and purpose that there An Indian Laymen's Association A shall be a United Church. METHODIST Laymen's Associa- Fourth: There was a prevailing tion was formed in India on Jan- and increasing passion for a great uary 2 with Prof. E. Ahmad Shah of forward movement in evangelism. Lucknow University as president and Bishop Chitambar was made chair- T. B. Franklyn of Delhi as secretary.

man of the Council on Aggressive The purpose is to bring about closer Evangelism and Dr. E. Stanley Jones fellowship among Methodist laymen of was asked to request the National Southern Asia, to enlist their support Christian Council to launch a wide in church affairs, both social and eco- .

·evangelistic movement similar to those nomic, and to organize similar associa- in China and Japan. tions in every conference and church.

They hope in the near future to draw Indian venture, financed and directed up practical schemes for solving prob- by Indian Christians. In its first year lems affecting the work of the Church of work, the society received an inby infusing a new spirit into the lay- come of only about Rs. 2,500 (about men and leading them to assume a $810). Today its annual income is larger share of responsibility. about Rs. 80,000 coming in small amounts from Indian Christians of all Social Purity in India provinces and all denominations. It carries on work in some of the most H w. BRYANT, general secretary neglected districts, including two • of the Bombay Y. M. C. A., regions where foreign missionaries writes in Young Men of India: have no access. One of these is Nepal on the borders of which the society "All workers among young men started two years ago a medical misrealize how terrible are the conse- sion which is meeting with much enquence,s of lax morals in an Eastern couragement and success.-Christian city. The problem confronting the Century. Y. M. C. A. is how to counteract the evil influences, to educate public opin- CHINA ion, and to secure acceptance of a single standard of morality. In 1923 A False Educational Policy the Vigilance Association was formed, and after a survey a definite policy THE reply of the Chinese ministry was outlined, one of the objects being of education to the united appeal a suppression of brothels. Now after of all Christian bodies for a repeal of seven years' work, the Government the restrictions upon religious educaintroduced a bill not only to suppress tion and worship in Christian schools brothels, but to make it an offence for closed with this sentence, "This is anyone to live on the earnings of final; let the matter be accepted by prostitution." all as settled." In a communication to the North China Daily N eW8 of An All-India Vigilance Association Shanghai, Dr. John C. Ferguson says, has been formed with local associa- "May I bl' allowed to remind the Mintions at Rangoon, Colombo, Calcutta, istry that no question is ever settled Madras and Bombay. It is hoped that until it is ~ettled right." the movement will spread widely and that it will be possible to agitate for Dr. Ferguson was the first president All-India legislation on this matter. of the University of Nanking. He founded and was for over 30 years the Indian Missionary Society Jubilee chief owner of the Sin Wan Pao, Shanghai, a Chinese daily newspaper THE NATIONAL MISSIONARY with the largest circualtion in China. SOCIETY of India, recently cele- He was advisor to the National Govbrated its silver jubilee at Allahabad. ernment for a long period. Twenty-five years ago a group of earnest Indian Christians organized The letter, with a Chinese translathis society as an interdenominational tion, has been given wide private cireffort for evangelizing the areas of culation by Dr. Ferguson who states India, not yet reached by any Chris- that he would go beyond the petition tian agency. While the content of the of the churches and permit all private phrase "unoccupied areas" has been schools to establish their own rules extended and enriched, the National as to religious instruction and reli- Missionary Society has still as its main gious exercises. objective evangelizing some of the most neglected parts of India. What Naturally the author distinguishes makes this society distinctive among between schools maintained at public all other missionary societies working expense and others. Religious liberty in India is the fact that it is a purely requires that parents who wish to send their children to Christian

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

schools should be allowed to do so. Dr. and social welfare literature which Ferguson's seconrl point is that sound uses a vocabulary compl'ehellsible by educational policy will permit full the lIew literates. freedom of experimentation in private schools. The action of the Govern- Kiangsu Self-Support ment will imperil the support of westerners in Chinese projects. The A SPECIAL meeting of the Synod decrease of interest in China's wel- of Kiangsu (Protestant Episcopal fare among many former friends, Missionary district of Shanghai) was which has been noticeable during the held at St. John's University to conlast three years, has been due to the sider self-support. The Chinese clergy attitude of the Government toward and laity are heartily behind this private schools and other philanthropic movement and passed resolutions proenterprises more than to any other viding for a sustentation fund to single cause." which all parishes will contribute. "The aim shall be to increase the local General Education Movement church income until such time as help from abroad shall be unnecessary." THE Mass Education Movement in The standing committee is to admin- China having demonstrated the ister the ·sustentation fund, deciding on the amount and nature of the suppracticability of adult education by port to be given to individual congremeans of its I,OOO-character lessons gations and gradually decreasing the and seeing' the efforts for the wiping grants-in-aid to stimulate self-support. out of illiteracy going ahead irresistibly, has moved its headquarters to Missions and Communism Tinghsien, a city about 100 miles southwest of Peiping. A staff of THE Liebenzell Mission in Hunan, workers under Dr. Jame·s Y. C. Yen China, has suffered severely from is seeking to learn by the laboratory the terrorism of the communists. method and to demonstrate methods Their stations were plundered and set for the enlargement and enrichment on fire, their gardens were desolated of the lives of the masses of the and Bibles and Christian books were people. trodden upon and torn. The mission- aries were obliged to take flight. Special interest in the project is Missionary Seliger in Siang-Siang being shown by Christian Missions. writes: "The communists consider The American Board and the Ameri- the Christian missions to be their can Presbyterians are within Ting worst opponents. For this reason they County. The work of Hugh Hubbard are trying to exterminate them. A is the outstanding piece of literacy number of missionaries have been work done under mission auspices in killed, others have been kept captive China. Mr. Hubbard was released by for long periods and only got free his Board to work for a year under after the payment of huge sums of the National Christian Council in the ransom, generally with their health promotion of mass education within broken down. We all are living here the churches. as it were, at the crater of a volcano."

Literacy leads to a wider reading Basel Missionaries Liberated of the Scriptures and thereby advances the evangelistic work of the MI S S ION A R I E S Walter and missions. The Paotingfu station of Fleischle have been released the American Board in the last six from the long captivity in which they years has had 30,000 students of all had been held for nearly sixteen ages enrolled in mass ~ducation months in the government of Fungclasses. In that same period, member- shun, in the mountains between ship in the churches has increased 70 Kayintshu and Swatow where comper cent. The work is being paralleled by the production of Christian

munistic bandits had held them. Their been much said about Marxism, So- capture by the bandits gave rise to cialism and the necessity of develop- many questions concerning the pay- ing civilization by the will, this year ment of ransom. The missionaries the students are urging dependence declared against the payment and upon spiritual forces. The depression even their families had heroically sec- so keenly felt in Japan is probably to onded this advice. There was no other some extent responsible for this recourse than that of prayer which change. On the other hand the King- arose incessantly to the throne of God. dom of God Movement is having a At last Government soldiers brought wholesome influence.-The Messenger.

them back, after enduring endless hardships and suffering from illness The Kingdom of God Newspaper A and insufficient food. The Chinese N ILLUSTRATED paper with this title is issued weekly in Japan, official did all in his power to help them recuperate. for a halfpenny. Although this in- PioneeJling in Chinese Turkestan volves a considerable loss, at this price it can make its way everywhere, and LAST winter H. F. Ridley took a has an enormous circulation. Chris- journey from his station in Urum- tians and inquirers in Tsukishima, a tsi or Sinkiang to Kashgar and back, district of Tokyo, go forth to sell the making the circuit of the Takla-Makan paper and find purchasers in the Desert-a feat performed by only two streets and shops. Children rush to other Europeans, Sir Aurel Stein and it for their own page. Miss Henty Sven Hedin. The purpose of Mr. writes of one reader: Ridley's trip was to visit the cities on She had not even a farthing. the edge of this desert and to pro- She looked poor, ill, and disappointed, claim to them by word of mouth and so the seller gave her the paper. through the printed page the "glad Ever since that night she has come tidings of great joy." The journey regularly to our meetings. We inwas made in 111 stages, and Mr. troduced her to the free clinic at Ridley was received with kindness St. Luke',s Hospital, and she is getting everywhere. The tracts and Gospel stronger. The Kingdom of God Newsportions were bought and read with paper brought a message she half keen interest. What a tremendous learned long ago; she believed, and task lies before us in the occupation of is now trusting everything to Christ. those cities for Christ-what an oppor- She has brought her brother-in-law tunity! Who will go out to these cities to the meetings, and he too is now and strengthen the hands of those earnestly studying.-Church Mission- who have for many years borne the ary Outlook. burden and are even now pioneering in this new world? Who will hear this Votes for Women call, take up this challenge and go out to this unoccupied field-Spend and A BILL introduced in the Japanese be spent in His Service?-Friends of Diet by the Hamaguchi Govern- Moslems, China. ment indicated it was prepared to give the women of Japan a small taste of JAPAN-CHOSEN political power, the right to vote in Changing Student Thought municipal elections. The sample was accompanied by the implicit promise I N AN annual all Japan High School that if it were taken with no ill effects, oratorical contest held in Osaka in within a few years the full feast of November, the speakers revealed politics, equal rights with men to vote something of the change in the and to hold office, should be spread thought life of the students. Where- before the 15,500,000 female subjects as in the past years there has always of the Mikado.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The Y. M. C. A. and Golgotha bers, not including the 1,000 students AT THE recent jubilee of the Tokyo in school and college associations. Association, Dr. Toyohiko Kag- Upon being a·sked what are the chief awa, the well-known author and Christian social reformer, made a vig- problems of the cities, the Osaka staff orous and inspiring speech on his con- replied: "Communism, unemployment, ception of what the Y. M. C. A. should cafes, bars (old American style), lack be. He said that he would like it to of lay Christian leadership, lack of go out in the villages and help the stewardship among Christians, lack of Japanese peasants to fight for a better church work for boys, and lack of eflife. He warned the association fort by church members to Christian- ize the city."

against institutionalism: "A building AJobnry College Team in Chosen may seem necessary to you," he said, "but to have a building you must bow A GOSPEL TEAM of three young your heads and ask money from rich men is touring the Orient. It is capitalists and there comes the weak- called "The Asbury College Foreign ness." He urged the association to Missionary Team" and is composed of return to the spirit which promllted Messrs. V. Kirkpatrick, Byron Crouse its founder, the spirit which was in- and Eugene Erny. Their headdeed the spirit of Christ: "Let us quarters are at 4961 Lemon Grove forever hold on to the spirit of the Ave., Los Angeles, California. While young Man Christ, Who at the age of the team comes from a Methodist thirty-three breathed His last on Gol- college the work is nondenominationgotha. . .. The mission of the Y. M. al, undertaken by faith, with large C. A. is to revive such young man- dependence on prayer. A letter from Dr. James Hirst of Chosen says that hood." their visit to Seoul last October was Communism and the "Y" very fruitful and that they were warmly received. The report says: GEORGE GLEASON, Y. M. C. A. "The meetings in Seoul were union secretary, reports a growing fear meetings of all denominations and of communism in every large city of each night one of the native pastors Japan. With over a half-million peo- presided. There was a fine spirit of ple out of employment, with hundreds unity and cooperation throughout.

shelterless, sleeping at night in city Great crowds came and filled the large parks, with more than 50 per cent of tent that the evangelists took with the university and college graduates them and they started singing fifteen of the last two years unable to find or twenty minutes before the meeting jobs, Japan, like China, is proving a began. Much was made of Gospel ripe field for Russian propaganda. music and one of the team played a Many Japanese students and laborers trombone. Crowds came who could are seriously suggesting that the over- not get into the tent but stood outside turn of the present society is the and listened. For ten days there were quickest road to economic betterment early morning services devoted to for the common people. The Govern- prayer and Bible study and the eve- ment, even army officers, are looking to ning services were for non-Christians.

Christianity as the most promising Large numbers came forward as in- antidote. Grave problems confront quirers and some who were said to be the nation. Educational processes are demon possessed were cured. Many not sufficiently creative. The people Koreans walked for ten miles to attend are poor, discouraged. the services and some slept all night In the larger cities the Y. M. C. A. on the floor so as to be on time for the has a strong hold. Tokyo has a six- 5 a. m. service."

story building and 3,000 members; in The team works in some places in Osaka, a new building and 1,200 mem- cooperation with the Oriental Mission-

ary Society. They came to Korea Methodist Church back of the Y. M. from meetings in China and Japan C. A. every Sunday. Do you rememand held campaigns for four months ber that picture of Christ for which in Chosen. From there they went to I asked you? I have that in my room Manchuria and North China and plan at home, and it is a constant help to to proceed to the Philippines, India, me.' Here was something definite in Egypt, Palestine, Europe and Great the way of results. One young man Britain. Their one purpose, as stated, like that won for Christ each year is "to preach the Gospel of Christ to during my week in the Hospital would those who are hungry for the Words be worth while." of Life." ROSCOE E. COEN.

Seed by the Wayside ISLANDS OF THE SEA "AT THE opening night of a district Bibles for Northwest Australia Bible class for men I was cor- THE publication of new versions of dially greeted by a middle-aged man Scripture shows no signs of failwhose face looked familiar to me, but ing. The 636th langauge on the list whom I did not know. Seeing my puz- is Worrora, spoken near Broome in zled look, the man said, 'Don't you re- Northwest Australia. Though the peomember me? I am the man who rode ple only number 300, their language in the public automobile with you be- is understood by other tribes living tween Soowon and Kimyang about a to the south, east and northeast of year ago.' Like a flash, I remembered. them, and also by a smaller tribe called Upon that occasion he had told me Yaujibai living on the Montgomery that he was a Seventh-day Adventist Islands. In all there are only about a and had asked me to explain to him thousand people who speak Worrora; why we Presbyerians kept Sunday in- yet for these thousand Australian stead of the Sabbath, for our day of aborigines the Bible Society has pubrest and worship. I had told him lished a Gospel. The least significant simply and briefly for I had no desire member of the human family is a child to argue with him c·oncerning. his be- of God, and has a divine right to those lief. But 10! here he was beaming Holy Scriptures which are committed with joy at meeting me again, and to our trust. The Worrora language intending to remain a week to study is evidently most complicated, having at this Bible class. no fewer than 171 forms of the verb "to be." The translation has been "For two years now I have given one made by the Rev. J. R. B. Love, of the week in January to special evangelistic Port George IV Presbyterian Mission, work among the Korean patients in Northwest Australia, by three Worrothe Severance Hospital in Seoul. The ra men: Nyimundum, Barungga and results are not always apparent. Wond6onmoia. Apart from the comfort given, one often wonders just what definite re- Here is one verse in the new transsults he has obtained. When I was lation-Mark 3: 35 : unusually depressed by the query re- Gehwoonya aua picha wondi-ehwu garding results, I left the hospital to ngumma God koonjiri, aia ngauomali, go home on the street car. It was ngauomalinya, karunya. nearly empty and before I could sit down, a young man rose, took my -Bible in the World. hand and asked, 'Are you not Mr. Coen?' I confessed my identity, say- Protecting Formosan Morals ing, 'Yes. But who are you?' "pUBLIC DANCING," reads a re- .. 'Don't you remember me? I am cent decision by the Department Mr. So-and-so who was at Severance Hospital last year. I now attend the of Social Affairs of the Japanese Colonial Administration, "is an im- moral pastime, and should not be en-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

couraged among the youth of For- dancing partners, being amateurs, mosa." paid nothing.-EDGAR SNOW, "The "Indulgence in such an exhibition," Consolidated Press" in China Weekly this document continues, "tends to Review.

excite the young men and women thus brought into unaccustomed proximity, Filipinizing Missions T and arouses the wrong sort of pas- HE Presbyterian Mission met in Manila, in November and out of sions. Moreover, it has been 'proved that dancing is an unhealthful form of 65 missionaries, 34 attended the meet- entertainment, since it causes loss of ing, representing all of their ten sta- sleep and leads to drinking and gen- tions and the International Leper eral carousing. The practice of per- Mission of Culion. Filipinization is a mitting waitresses and young girls subject no mission in these islands hired for the purpose, to act as danc- can long evade, even if it desires. It ing partners in teahouses and caba- was voted to have Filipino physicians rets, has been found to cultivate arti- assist the American doctor in charge ficial and unwholesome social contacts. of each of the four Presbyterian hos- "For these reasons the Government pitals, instead of having a second mis- has decided to p 'ohibit dancing in all sionary doctor in each. One Filipino, public places, including hotels, tea- Rev. Leonardo G. Dia, was appointed houses, restaurants, cabarets and bars. with three missionaries to represent In private gatherings where guests the Philippine churches at the de- wish to indulge in dancing, a permit centennial conference of the Pres- must first be secured from the Depart- byterian Board of Missions and ment of Social Affairs." representatives of national churches, Proprietors of local eating and to be held in America in June, 1931.

drinking establishments are much dis- A program of withdrawal of mission turbed by the ruling. Their prosperity funds, at the rate of ten per cent a in the past has been due largely to year, was worked out for the Manila the novel "night life" which they of- Conference, the funds thus released fered to students and young bloods of to go into new work, and the whole Formosa interested in becoming so- project to be administered by the mis- phisticated. Their chief attractions sion and the churches cooperatively.

were the young Japanese and Chinese girls employed to act as companions in Progress in Dutch New Guinea O wine, song and dance. UTSIDE of the Batak Counties in Despite opposition, the prohibition Central Sumatra, the progress of remains. Dancing is taboo in For- Christianity is most marked in Dutch mosa. Even a group of foreigners, New Guinea. From the Sea of Sen- including some quasi-diplomats, who tani in the extreme east to the Gulf of wished to give a dance at the only McCluer in the west, a great move- European hotel on the island, have ment has set in among the natives been refused a permit. No restric- along the coast and also on the islands.

tions, however, have as yet been placed The number of missionaries (the upon the patronage of Chinese sing- Dutch Society, Utrecht Mission Un- song girls and Japanese geisha. Re- ion), as well as of. native teachers sorts operated by hundreds of young must be increased considerably in the ladies in this ancient profession ap- near future if the harvest which has parently are regarded with official been hoped for so long is to be brought equanimity. It has been suggested in. This mission which was carried that the Government may have been on in tears for so many years, cele- somewhat influenced in its decision by brated its 75th anniversary last sum- the fact that geisha and sing-song mer with much rejoicing over this girls pay a fat license as "trained great blessing which has at last entertainers"-whereas the teahouse crowned its labors.

5

Earthquake in New Zealand in many fields, where local support has AN EARTHQUAKE on February 3, failed. In many of the drought- 1"1. accompanied by landslides, tidal stricken churches, ministers have re- ceived only a small part of the salaries waves, and fire, claimed a large toll of promised them locally. lives and caused immense property damage in the seaport of Napier and Loyalty Crusades a surrounding area of hundreds of square miles, in New Zealand. Fire LAST year throughout the Presbyprevented rescuers from saving those terian Church, U. S. A., there was who might have been alive in the a net los·s in membership of 20,359. houses that had collapsed; and as the Of the six largest presbyteries in the tremors c·ontinued, the government Assembly, Chicago was the only one ordered a complete evacuation of the that did not show a loss. It is sigcity. Refugees fled to the south as nificant that of the eight presbyteries fast as disrupted roads and debris showing net gains nearly aU of them from landslides permitted. Not a have within recent years had some stone building was left standing in kind of Loyalty Campaign, and in Napier, a town of nearly 20,000. This nearly every case a campaign for is the wor·st disaster in the history of Presbytery Extension work. Appar- New Zealand, and Red Cross officials ently these organized campaigns for place the number of dead above one the progress of the whole work in thousand. the Presbytery quicken the efforts NORTH AMERICA along spiritual and evangelistic Jines. ~The Presbyterian Advance.

Help for National Mission Churches 1'HERE is danger that the financial Fifty Years of Christian Endeavor distress in America will mean great loss to the Gospel ministry and THE fiftieth anniversary of the the closing of churches in the United first Society of Christian Endeavor was celebrated in Bo-ston on January States. Dr. E. Graham Wilson, of 28. The movement has helped to de- New York, general secretary of the velop strong lives in the past, as was Presbyterian Board of National Mis- proved by an appreciative telegram sions, states that the income of th~ from a former Endeavorer, President Board "will probably suffer a loss this Herbert Hoover, and by personal testi- fiscal year, ending March 31, of over mony Of ex-Gov. Alvin T. Fuller, $150,000 which threatens the employ- former president of a Malden C. E.

ment of 200 ministers. One of the Society. Mrs. F, E. Clark, received missionaries in the Ozarks writes: expressions of grateful affection from "My bank, the largest in the State, young people all over the world, both failed and closed its doors. My for her own sake and for her husband, month's salary was there; also my "Father Endeavor Clark." The mes- wife's savings. What the churches sage of Prof. Amos R. Wells, recorded of drought-stricken Arkansas are to "Fifty Years in Verse." President do I do not know. In many of our Dan Poling described the four restless small churches everything has liter- boys on the front seat, of whom he ally burned up. Since August 1, more was one, who decades ago joined a than 95 banks in this area have closed. Junior C. E. on the Pacific Coast. He Many of our best men are ruined. I also gave an account of the world con- am going day and night trying to keep vention, held in Germany last summer, up the morale. What we shall do where national feuds were at last for- until the people can raise another g·otten, and the fIag-s of forty-two nacrop, I do not know." tions were waved together and youths became the ardent standardbearers of The Board has been called upon to former foes. give additional supplemental grants

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Protestant l:pbcopal Finances C. M. Yocum, head of Foreign De- partment; Jesse M. Bader, head of THE Domestic and Foreign Mis- Home Department; Roy G. Ross, head sionary Society closed the year of Religious Education Department: with a balance on the right side .of the Mrs. Aida R. Teachout, head of Misledger to help meet the budget for sionary Organizations Department: Miss this year. Joy Taylor, head of Missionary Educa- tion Department: F. M. Rogers, head of Out of $2,910,484 estimated budget Benevolence Department: John H. there was collected $2,884,420, or Booth, head of Church Erection Depart- 99.1%. ment: C. O. Hawley, head of Promo- tional Department. Out of ninety-eight dioceses and missionary dist.ricts, thirty-eight paid These, with associates, were elected 100% of their quotas and seventy-four paid 100% Or over of what they noti- for a period of four years in accordfied the N aHonal Council to expect. ance with the provision in the revised constitution.

Unofficial Ambassadors The president and two vice-presi- dents of the Society were elected at "THE Unofficial Ambassadors" from the Washington Convention for the foreign lands to America are the four-year period.-Stephen J. Corey, as president, I. J. Cahill, first vice- 10,478 young students who have come president, and Miss Mary Campbell, to the United States in pursuit of -second vice-president. higher education. Canada supplied 1,410, with China next highest, con- tributing 1,336. Japan is third with Training for Alaskans 1,004, while our Philippines sent 905. The South American republics have T HREE young men, graduates of sent some 4,000, studying engineering the Sheldon Jackson School, Alasand commerCe. A large number take ka, met with Rev. Jackson L. Webster, theological courses and 237 are listed missionary to Sitka, recently to oras at Harvard. The University of ganize the first sch'Ool for native re- California is instructing 595 and New ligious workers in the territory. The York University 611. Institutions in purpose of the school is to train Sunevery state in the union are shown to day-school superintendents, interprethave students from afar. This should ers, native helpers and ministers who make the "unofficial ambassadors" will take charge of native churches. qualified to represent America fairly The course includes a study of the when they return home, if they make Bible, pastoral work and preaching. right Christian contacts while here. After two or three years the men so The Committee on Friendly Relations trained will come before Presbytery among Foreign Students (347 Madi- for examination and if found qualified son Ave., New York), is doing much for a full theological course will be in this direction. given a scholarship in the States.

The Secretaries Elected Negroes after E:mancipation T HE United Christian Missionary ON JANUARY 1, Negroes through- Society at the Washington Conven- out the United States held tion, was given a revised Constitu- exercises commemorating the Bixtytion and as a result the Executive eighth anniversary of Lincoln's Eman- Committee of the Society, at its meet- cipation Proclamation. Most signifiing on November 11, elected treasurer, cant of all the progress noted was recorder and secretaries. C. W. that in education. In 1860, nine- Plopper was reelected treasurer and tenths of the Negro population was Miss Hazel Scott, recorder. The sec- illiterate. Twenty years later only retaries elected to Berve in the va- thirty per cent could read and write. rious departments are: In 1931, ninety per cent are literate,

the illiterate 10 per cent residing LATIN AMERICA largely in the southern states. In less than the proverbial three score and Earthquake in Mexico ten years more than 10,000 Negroes have been graduated from universities AVIOLENT earthquake in Oaxaca, and colleges. The degree of doctor of with less extreme tremors in Mexphilosophy has been conferred on more ico City, was reported in the daily than thirty. The number to receive press, January 14th. the degree of master of arts is increasing yearly. Of the ·sixty-eight The state of Oaxaca is in the south- Negroe colleges and universities all western part of Mexico and is a but four are under religious denom- mountainous region, populated chiefly inational control. Some 50,000 Ne- by Mixteco and Zapateco Indians. The groes are engaged in the profession capital city has a population of about of teaching. The Bible and the church 50,000. The responsibility for evanwere the pioneers in producing this gelistic work under the Presbyterian result.-Tuskegee Messenger. Board, was turned over to the native leaders in Oaxaca City in 1929. One Westminster College, Utah Presbyterian missionary, Miss Ethel R. Doctor, remained in the city to help DEFINITE steps are being taken in the work of Christian women there, to make Westminster College, and an affiliated missionary, Mr. Utah, an interdenominational institu- Verne Bruce, is carrying on pioneer tion, as it has been for some years work among the Indians in Yatzachi, with respect to its working policy. about 100 miles from Oaxaca city. Some fifteen years ago representative·s of other denominations were placed Miss Doctor reported that condion the board of trustees. tions were very grave. The Oaxaca c h u r c h building and manse are Westminster is Utah's only institu- ruined; Miss Doctor's rented house is tion of college grade not under Mor- uninhabitable, but the property in mon control, with the exception of a Yatzachi is not badly damaged. Rev. small Roman Catholic college for wom- W. L. Miller, a missionary from Mexen. In a state like Utah, where the ico City, visiting Yatzachi at the time Mormon population is overwhelming of the earthquake, reports that propand there are only a few thousand erties in the city and valley of Oaxaca evangelical Christians of all kinds, it in wide areas are in ruins, and that would be folly to attempt to build up it will take a long time for the city various denominational colleges. On and state to recover. the other hand, there is vital need of one strong, standard, evangelical, Mr. Van Slyke wrote on Jan. 18th: Christian college. Westminster has "One of the effects will be on the selfwon the respect of both Mormons and support of the churches. With this Gentiles as a standard educational in- 'quake added to the bad times, selfstitution of its type and it has ren- support will be still more reduced. dered tremendous service to the Our whole church is passing through Christian cause in that state. For a real testing in this sense. But we years Methodists, Baptists, Congrega- have much to be thankful for in that tionalists, Disciples and Episcopalians none of our missionaries were hurt have cooperated with Presbyterians at and no workers were lost."-W. Reg- Westminster College, though under inald Wheeler. the form of organization they had to be formally elected by the Synod of Agitation in Brazil Utah. SINCE the new provisional govern- ment of Brazil has announced its intention of rewriting the Constitu- tion, the officials of the Roman Catho- lic Church have been actively cam- paigning in favor of what they term

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

a minimum program of Catholic ac- tory, should be developed as extensively tion. This program demands that the as possible. It is planned to make this new Constitution bear the statement experiment in a lowland section of that it is written in the name of God; Central America during this year over that the Catholic Church is the State sixteen thousand square miles of un- Church of Brazil; that it make a re- evangelized territory. Missionaries ligious marriage ceremony compul- and native workers will be located by sory; and that the Catholic faith be plane at strategic points along the taught in the State Schools. rivers and lakes where they can es- The clergy are conducting a vigor- tablish themselves and begin work ous campaign from the pulpit while among the Spanish-speaking peoples Roman Catholic laymen are busy and semi-civilized Indians. An out- through newspapers and committees. post will be opened up among a wild This activity has set up counter ac- tribe. The airplane will serve to carry tivities on the part of non-Catholics. supplies to the missionaries and to The Roman Catholic campaign is succor them in case of illness or other being carried on throughout Brazil, emergencies.-Christ Life.

but there is small probability that the agitation will succeed in reestablish- Church Conflict in Venezuela ing a state church in Brazil. AMISSIONARY writes: "There have been various points of dif- Rebellion in Pern ferance between the Government and the authorities of the Roman Catholic SOUTHERN rebels in Peru recently Church in Venezuela. The crisis was seized the city of Arequipa and precipitated by the expulsion of the have set up an independent govern- Bishop of Valencia for his refusal to ment under the name of "Southern withdraw his published statements Junta." The troops garrisoned at against the validity of civil marriage. Cuzco have joined the revolution. The The hierarchy demanded his return Arequipa forces are said to have re- but the civil authorities refused perbelled because the provisional Presi- mission until he should retract. While dent, Lius Sanchez Cerro, has fliiled the church is not a state church in the to carry out the principles of his true sense of the term, she is subsimanifesto, in which he promised the dized by the Government, and in this constitutional election of a president.

The Protestant missions in Peru in- way is very effectively controlled. Folclude the Evangelical Union of South lowing the episode of the Bishop of America at Arequipa, Calea,' Cuzco Valencia the Government decreed that and Lima; the Free Church of Scot- only Venezuelan priests could be re- land at Cajamarca and Lima; the cipients of government subsidies, and Methodist Episcopal Church at Huan- that all foreign priests must either coyo and Lima-also the Salvation nationalize or give up their parishes.

Army, Seventh-Day A d ve n t i 's t s, In order to enforce this regulation an Church of the Nazarene, Y. M. C. A. earlier law was 'made effective for- and independents. bidding the entrance of foreign clergy without special permission from the Tile Gospel by Airplane Department of the Interior.

PLANS are under way to use the Although directed at the clergy of airplane to carry the Gospel to the the Roman Catholic Church, Evanthousands of wild Indians in the heart gelical (Protestant) foreign mission- of South America. A number of aries are also affected. The "Law of Christian leaders have become inter- Foreigners" does not unconditionally ested and feel that the plan .should be forbid the entrance of foreign clergy, tried on a small scale in some favor- but does state that special permission able territory, and, if found satisfac- shall be secured in each case. The

missionaries of the Protestant Mis- self, then the French mission fields, sion Boards have complied with the where the knowledge of French is inlaw and have not become involved in creasing greatly. They are now shippolitics. It is hoped that the Govern- ping to Istanbul several hundreas of ment will give the special permission French Bibles and New Testaments, in each case for the return of an or- ordered by the American Bible Sodained foreign missionary, and that a ciety for the Near East. solution may be reached along the lines already put into effect in Mexico Dutch Auto-Mission and in other Latin American countries. AN EVANGELICAL auto-mission EUROPE has recently been started in Hol- land. The Rev. Van der Zee, Re- Religious Interest in Gerlllany formed, preacher in Amsterdam-West, is the president and Mr. D. Schot- AT A recent meeting of the Pres- vanger, 32 de Ruiterweg, Amsterdam, byterian Alliance in Edinburgh, the secretary. The object of the So- Prof. Hugh Mackintosh reported that ciety, which has already been in oper- Germany seems ripe for a religious re- ation some time, is to tour the Nethvival. This is evidenced by three erlands with an evangelical auto. things: (1) Germany has suffered During the ,summer it arranges meetfor past sins and has been humbled so ings in the open air and during the that there is no self-sufficiency left. winter months indoor meetings at (2) The rationalistic theology has which lantern slides are shown. The proved ineffective and the people are van has visited several cities in the turning to a simpler faith in God and Netherlands and everywhere has met His Word. (3) Positive notes of with great success. Christian faith on a sound basis has been sounded forth by German re- ANew Mission Society ligious leaders. T HE Evangelical Czech Church in New Mi••ion Problems in Paris Czecho-Slovakia has recently or- ganized its own mission society, which EUROPEAN mission periodicals call will for the present work in coopera- attention to the fact that the task tion with the Evangelical Mission of of foreign missions in many instances France. is undergoing a new orientation. The most recent example is that of the Morals in Italy North Africans, mostly Kabyls who are coming in such numbers to France POP& Pius X in a Lenten address, that already there are 110,000 of them caIls attention to present conditions • there. The Kabyls Mission of Djemaa in Rome which, he says, are extremely Sarij has been working for the last immoral. He especially condemns "the 50 years among these Berbers in the immoral press which is indecent and Atlas region. Now it is ,seeking its sacrilegious to an extreme degree. objects in the streets of Paris and is Similarly the motion picture shows there carrying on a toilsome, although and vaudeville are often unspeakably not hopeless, work in trying to protect offensive to morals. The profanation these brown Africans from the dan- of the Sabbath (including Sunday milgers of the modern city and to bring itary drill for students ) is practiced them the Gospel. on an extensive scale. The toleration of such evils is contrary to Christian French Bible Distribution teaching and to the promises of the Italian Government." T HE French Bible Society during the year 1929, distributed 1,909 The Pope also protests against the Bibles, 4,624 New Testaments and 4,- way in which the Italian Government 179 parts. The field is first France it- permits Protestants to continue their propaganda in Italy.

lfi31] WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Russia Wireless Propaganda reduced, forcing eventual self-support; in France the work will be liquidated T HE Russian Radio, which is lately and members will be urged to join sending out international trans- other Protestant Churches; in Italy missions in several European lan- appropriations will be reduced and guages, will extend the,se transmis- congregations urged to attain self-supsions on a larger scale. According to port or affiliate with other Protestant the scheme of the Soviet Government, groups; in Jugoslavia support of the there will be erected eleven radio sta- work will be turned over to the Methtions each of 100 Kilowatt and 38 odists of Switzerland; in Bulgaria, smaller stations of 10 Kilowatt each. church members will be asked to At Moscow it is proposed to build a unite with the Congregationalists; and radio station of 500 Kilowatt, as well in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, as a relay station for the ,short wave American Methodist churches are givof 60 Kilowatt. The cost of the entire en six, seven and eight years respecbuilding group will come to about 90 tively in which to prepare for a total million rubels. withdrawal of financial subsidy. It is predicted that all American Methodist "Foreign Mllssions" to Lutherans! bishops will eventually be withdrawn from Europe. Lutherans are quite THE Lutheran News Bulletin of strong enough to care for the work in New York publishes the following Scandinavian countries. In Sweden, remonstrance: "Lutherans heard with there are 6,051,000 Lutherans, and 16,- disgust and' indignation, the news 475 Methodists; in Norway, 2,596,- some ten years ago of the inclusion 917 Lutherans, and 7,567 Methodists; by a large southern Protestant denom- in Denmark, 3,364,500 Lutherans, and ination in a special compaign budget 4,201 Methodists. of an item of seven million dollars to "preach the Gospel to the benighted Church of the Czech Brethren Lutherans of Europe." This denomination was not the only one which T HE strong religious movement of appropriated money in those times of the past eight years in Czechoprosperity for missionary activities in Slovakia has abated but has not Christian land!? Lutherans in Europe ceased. Thousands of new members have had cause to complain of the lack are still joining the Czech Brethren of Christian brotherliness shown by every year-3,720 last year and 104,- the zealous missionaries of several 000 in the last eight Years. Member- American denominations, particularly ship has doubled since 1920. They the Baptists, Method1sts, Congrega- have 110 full charges and 373 preachtionalists, Presbyterians and Quakers. ing places, and have to leave many calls unheeded for lack of minister·s The Board of Foreign Missions of and money. They have only 120 pasthe Methodist Episcopal Church, has tors, and the fine theological faculty reluctantly been forced by a decreased in Prague cannot equip men quickly income to abandon some of its For- or numerously enough for the need, eign Mission work. A three hundred even with assistance from their misthousand dollar cut in appropriations sion school at Olomouc. And the need for overseas work calls for withdrawal with regard to places of worship is as from South Fukien Province, China, great. Since 1920 they have built 50 for turning over Methodist work in churches-whereby they groan under Burma to the Baptists; in Costa Rica an unbearable weight of debt-but to the Methodist Church in Mexico; still more urgently need at least 30 in Panama to an interdenominational more. Each congregation has more Committee on Religio~s Work and in than enough to do to keep going, and North Africa reduction of the work the will to self-sacrifice on behalf of among Moslems. In Europe, the most others in need tortures them all. drastic cuts will be made. In Germany, appropriations to conferences will be

Should they then refuse to receive and church affairs are regulated ac- people for whom they cannot provide cording to a constitution printed in into their Church? Preaching, Sun- Thorn in 1637.

day-schools, youth work, etc., are in Lithuania is a strongly Roman strong activity in the Reformed Catholic country, where the Roman Churches of Czecho-Slovakia, and Catholic Church is being more and there is a rising missionary sense in more powerfully organized. The Cath- the church. They hope soon to have olic Church is striving to control all a place in the Foreign Missionary en- branches of national life, and has suc- terprise. They have also philanthrop- ceeded in this (except in politics) ic works-four orphanages, old folks' during the last four years. There are home, girls' institute, etc.-Mr. Prud- few cases of conversion to the Roman ky, in the Quarterly Register of the Catholic Church, while about a hun- Alliance of Reformed Churches. dred a year come over to the Re- Atheism Taught in Russi.. formed Church from Rome. Among the Catholic populati{)n there is a APOWERFUL drive has been di- strong inclination towards the Gospel, rected against religion by the fac- and the educated Catholics, especially ulty of the anti-religious department in the capital, Kaunas, show much of the Historical-Linguistic Institute sympathy to the Reformed Church- of the Leningrad State university and Pastor Jakabenas, in the Quarterly of the Workers' Atheistic university Register of the Alliance of Reformed in the same city. Professors teach the Churches.

best methods for undermining popular belief in Christ and Christmas. The AFRIOA students disperse to their homes in Barber Shop Missions A various parts of Russia and use the N EVANGELIST in Egypt writes, occasion for an active educational cam- in The Moslem World, of his ex- paign against the Christmas idea. periences distributing the Bible in They try to show that the Christmas Cairo. He usualy meets a good re- legend is founded upon a myth, and ception in barber shops, where people that the Christmas idea is supersti- sit waiting. Even if the barber does tion which should be eradicated from not read himself, he often buys a copy the popular mind. This scientific ex- and leaves it f.or his customers.

planation is said to be based largely In one such shop, which was actual- upon the book of Arthur Drews, "The ly more like a club, the hairdresser Christus Myth," which appeared in produced a well-worn copy of St.

Germany some twenty or more years Luke's Gospel. It was a favorite prac- ago.-George M. Day. tice in that shop, he said, for one man Protestants in Lithuania to read aloud a story from the Gospel to the rest of the group. A shiekh THE Reformed Church of Lithu- who came to get his hair cut had told ania, which in the sixteenth cen- them they were infidels and tried to tury was a flourishing Church em- stop them, but they continued. Here bracing the whole Lithuanian nation, waa a Bible class, regularly held by is now only a small remnant of what men, who were all Moslems, in a it was. It numbers about 13,000 souls, strong Moslem district where there and is divided into 6 congregations, was no resident missionary.

of from 4,500 to 500 members, and four mission stations. Three of the Bible in Abyssinia T targer congregations are situated close HE new Emperor of Abyssinia is a warm friend of the Bible Society, together; all the others are scattered. The Church was founded under the and has printed St. John's Gospel in direct influence of Calvin, whose spirit two languages-Amharic and GaIla- is "still alive in it. Congregational life on his own private press, not to make

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK Jll3

money, but to help the Society in dis- There is force in the statement of tributing the Scriptures. Mr. T. P. the woman missionary who submitted Beaven; the Society's agent in Abys- the answers of the black boy, that the sinia, states that, on the morning he time may yet come when Africa will called at the palace by appointment at have to send Sunday-school teachers 7 o'clock, he found that the Emperor to teach the youth of America.

had been at work since 6 o'clock. In course of conversation the Emperor Slavery in Liberia T expressed his keen interest in the work HE International Commi,ssion of Inquiry, reporting at Geneva in of the Society, and his delight to be associated with it.-The Ch'l'istian. January, reveals a condition in Liberia scarcely distinguishable from slavery.

Will Africa Evangelize America1 It appears that Vice-President T HE Moody Monthly gives an inter- Yancey, with relatives of President esting comparison of the answers King, was connected with a syndicate given by a modern American boy and which raided villages and with beata native African boy to Bible ques- ing and torture, recruited laborers to tions. The black boy was employed as be shipped to the cocoa plantations of cook to a missionary and had only the Spanish colony of Fernando Po. been six years converted from hea- For each laborer recruited the syndithenism; the. other was a high school cate got' $45 with a bonus of $5,000 boy who had attended Sunday-school for 1,500 laborers. The workers found for ten years in the United States. themselves in virtual slavery, and Here are the questions and answers. rarely were allowed to return home. The "I" represents the answers of the Another common practice discov- American boy; the "2" those of the ered in Liberia was the pawning of individuals-usually children-in re- African boy. turn for a payment of money, the When was the Bible written? pawned persons becoming domestic 1. "After the birth of Cbrist." ,slaves. 2. "Part before and part after Christ. The United States is involved in God told Moses to write the laws and this situation, not only because of its put them in the ark." historic relations with Liberia, but also because the financial control of By whom was the Bible written? the country is in American hands. 1. "Paul." "The twelve apostles." 2. "Good men of long ago chosen by the Holy Spirit."

Who delivered Israel from Egyptian Secretary of State Stimson has sent bondage? several letters to the Liberian Gov- ernment demanding that this slavery 1. "David." be wiped out and that guilty officials 2. HMo~es and Aaron."

How long did Israel wander in the wil- derness? be dismissed. He has secured prom- 1. "Ten years." "Two years." ises of reforms, but these have been 2. "Forty." so qualified that it is doubtful whether Name one Old Testament Prophet. fundamental changes will be made un- 1. "Leviticus." "John the Baptist." 2. "Isaiah." Who was the greatest missionary of all less much greater pressure is exerted on Liberia. time? 1. "David Livingstone." The Firestone Rubber Company is 2. "Paul." said to be involved in the use of forced How are we saved? labor recruited by the government. 1. "By joining the church." "By becoming a member of some house of God." 2. "By faith and acceptance of the Jubilee in Angola blood of Christ shed for us." THE year 1930 marked the 50th an- What is meant by the Christian's hope? niversary of American Board work in Angola. The Jubilee celebration 1. "Everyone can be saved." "The wa·s made the occasion for contrasting hope of being saved." "To live a clean conditions then and now-all except life."

2. "Christ's coming."

the dirt, for missionaries refused to modern scientific methods. Kemal revive that memory. Development of Pasha has ordered that large loud- schools was portrayed-first the evan- speakers be placed on all minarets gelist in a heathen village, then a through the whole of Turkey, connect- school where a Dondi graduate taught ed on to a' central transmission station from a chart hung on a tree. Lights from which the muezzins will broad- were turned on a carpenter shop. As cast their musical cries at regular each department appeared out of the hours. This would do away with the darkness one saw what Dondi School old custom and, if it proves to be true, had done for its hundreds of pupils, would make it possible to hear the call -blacksmithing, tailoring, ,shoemak- all over the country at the same time. ing, building, typing, agriculture, or- gan playing, printing and medicine. Turkey Forward Looking Means School had a similar display. NEW ideas are gaining a hold in Pounding rocks are shown where Turkey. Formerly autocratic dic- women come to pound their corn into tatorship and military force directed meal and to gossip. A Dondi girl, who the country. Today education is being has come with her Dondi graduate emphasized in place of physical force husband to begin work in the village, and Turkey is urged to learn from joins the pounding group and tells Protestant Christian lands. The Mil– them about her school. As she names liyet (Constantinople) says in its is- each kind of work it appears olit of sue of January 7, 1,931: the darkness behind. A symbolic scene follows, Dondi girls lighting their Everybody knows that it is the British lamps at the lamps of faith and knowl- education that sustains the British Em- edge and going out to light others. pire. All supremacies on the earth be- An enormous alabaster cross shone long to the northern nations. The forth, and from the darkness came creative power is seen only in the north- marching boys and girls from both ern energy, not only in their own en- schools singing, as they climbed, "Be- vironments but in foreign environments neath the cross of Jesus I fain would also. take my stand," until all had gathered about the foot of the symbol. The Look at North America. There you climax came in the place where hea- will see a single republic formed by the then women of countless generations northern peoples, whereas South Amer- had wailed their dead in hopeless de- ica is divided into thousands of pieces. , spair, all sang the Hallelujah Chorus Go through Europe from north to south, from the Me,ssiah. All this in fifty and you will see that it is foolishness for years.-S. S. Times. Turkey to enter the Western civilization by the southern gate instead of the Ras Tafari's Gift to Bible Society northern …

RAS TAFARI, recently crowned em- It is pitiful to see in a country like peror of Ethiopia, made a gift of Turkey, which is in such need of culti- $500 and a gold medal to the British vation, almost all educated persons seek- and Foreign Bible Society as an ex- ing the bread of the government because pression of his appreciation of the they cannot find other employment. The work done in his kingdom. Great War and the armistice have left deep traces on our character. We have WESTERN ASIA no patience, and a struggle of five or ten years in life seems to us too long and Muezzins Loudspeakers troublesome. As soon as we finish our education we look for government sal- ACCORDING to the Dutch journal ary. In the school our minds are opened. the Gelderlander, the age old cus- Our p'ower of observation is developed. tom of the call of the muezzins to But we do not learn to sweat. No nation prayer in Turkey, is to give way to can be led into the path of civilization in this way. We need other ways and methods.

New Education ill Turkey THE MinIster of Education has given the following items with re- gard to the schools in Turkey;

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

This year the pupils in the pri- The inhabitants of the desert are nomary schools are over 550,000. In mad sections of the Al Kahir and Al towns and villages 110 new schools Murra tribes who live chiefly on have been built, and 250 new school camels' milk. rooms have been opened. There are 13,700 teachers in these primary The Christian mission stations nearschools, half of whom are graduates est to this part of Arabia are Muscat, of normal schools. in Oman, and Bahrein on the Per·sian Gulf, both occupied by missionaries of There are now 1,624 reading rooms the Reformed Church in America. in the country, for which local governments are buying books and maga- The Go"pel in Per"ia. zines. The Ministry of Education has bought 60,000 books, costing 11,500 WHEN Dr. Carr and Dr. Stuart liras, for these reading rooms. went to Shiraz, Persia, seven years ago to reopen the C. M. S. sta- Visiting teachers have been appoint- tion after it had been closed for some ed for the villages which have no years, they found not a single Chrisschools. We have also arranged for tian left. Today, there are forty-five, movable libraries for the benefit of 17 being converts from Islam. the teachers. Bishop Linton recently spent a week Eight hundred new students have in Shiraz, and describes a visit to a been admitted to the normal school mountain village, 30 miles away. "Forthis year. merly, preaching and medical work were carried on amid uproar and tu- Last year 622 pupils were gradu- mult, and with a good deal of personal ated from the Lycees, and 3,559 from risk. One night they had a meeting the secondary schools. for converts and inquirers after the general lantern meeting, lasting till A specialist has been called from after midnight, and at 1 a. m., three Germany to reorganize our technical converts were' baptized bringing the schools. For the Industrial School 12 number of Christians in the village to teacher·s will come from Austria.- five. Very different are conditions Translated from Politika. now. When our car arrived at the foot of the hill a stream of people Over the Arabian Desert came out to meet us. We made our way to the house of one of the' con- ABRITISH explorer, B e r t ram verts and had hardly got seated when Thomas, crossed the desert of a number of men, Moslems and Ba- Southeastern Arabia in January and hais, came in and began to ply us with February. The traveler wore Arab cos- questions. . . . Before we left two tume but otherwise was undisguised. men who were listening confessed His journey was from Dhofar in Had- Christ and asked to be prepared for rumaut on the Arabia Sea, northward baptism. At six o'clock in the mornthrough the sandy desert of Ruba-el- ing, before the rest of the vHlage was khaIi to Dohah, near Bahrein, on the about, three men and one woman were Persian Gulf. Mr. Thomas, who is confirmed, claiming the power and fulthe first European to cross the desert, ness of the Holy Spirit."-The Christraveled by camel 900 miles in fifty- tian. eight days, halting thirteen days en route. Thirteen of the thirty Arabs MISCELLANEOUS who started on the journey carried on to the end. They pas.sed through hos- More Recruits Needed tile Arab tribes, through the frankincense country of the Bible, over the THE Secretary of the Student Vol- Oara Mountains 3000 feet high, over unteer Movement tells us that the 100 miles of waterless desert, discov- peak years of student interest in ering a large salt lake, passing near missions were 1920 and 1921. As a the site of "Ubar, the buried legend- result, 1,731 new missionaries went ary city of the prehistoric Addites."

out from the United States and Can- This is said by President Buswell ada in 1920, and 1,620 in 1921. Since to be the most significant spiritual then there has been a decline to 558 movement ever started on the Wheaton in 1927. During the same period the campus. It is something new to find number of Student Volunteers de- from twenty-five to seventy-five stucreased from 2,783 to 388! During dents putting Gospels into circulathis period mISSIOnary emphasis tion at football games, after earnest dropped out of many Student Chris- prayer. As the result of an appeal in tian Association programs on local chapel, cash and pledges totaling more campuses, and in week-end and sum- than $600 were received from the stumer conferences. Recently there has dents and faculty. been a slight recovery, 667 new missionaries having been sent out in 1928. These students now plan to carry Yet this is below the replacement level on the work in shops, prisons, homes, by more than 300. and schools, especially among thou- sands of fellow students attending col- The Gospel and Football leges and universities where the Bible is not honored. Other Christian ,AST autumn some students of schools, too, may share the responsi- LWheaton College, Illinois, formed bility of helping the great mass of a prayer group that met each morning less fortunate college students. from six to 'seven for Bible study and prayer. One of the older students had Hymn Translations a vision of the lost multitudes outside of church influence swarming the fields T HE Lutheran Church Herald pubof great football games and "he was lishes a list of hymns which have moved with compassion." As a result been translated from English into of this vision and of the prayer group, other languages. Following are those a number of students started out to which have been translated into fifty give the Gospel to the football crowds. or more languages. It is interesting At one high school game in Chicago, to note that the majorHy contain the they distributed nearly two thousand Gospel message. The list includes the Gospels of John. During the ensuing number of languages into which each five weeks over thirty-five thousand hymn has been translated. Gospels were distributed, covering the more important high- school games and Hymns Languages several college games within a radius of thirty mile·s of Wheaton. Each Sat- A Mighty Fortress Is Our God .. 171 urday fifty students and several fac- Rock of Ages …………….. 130 ulty members set out in cars heavily Just As I Am …………….. 106 laden with Gospels which were given Ade,ste FideIis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 to the crowds either as they entered Nearer, My God, to Thee ……. 101 or as they left the fields. Jesus, Still Lead On ……….. 93 Each Gospel has been enclosed in a Holy, Holy, Holy ………….. 81 blue envelope resembling a bank book, on which the great football coach of a Sacred Head Now Wounded .. 80 the University of Chicago, Alonzo Stagg, has written, "This little book Jesus, Lover of My Soul …….. 78 will help us all to win in the game of life." Guide Me, a Thou Great Jehovah 75 A detachable flyleaf pasted in the All Hail the Power ………… 65 Gospels invited the reader to send for Abide with Me ……………. 66 another Scripture portion. Many slips Hark, the Herald Angels Sing … 64 were returned and the follow-up com- What a Friend We Have in Jesus 70 mittee improved every contact. I Heard the Voice of Jesus Say .. 62 Jesus Shall Reign …………. 51 Sun of My Soul ……………. 50 VVhen I Survey the VVondrous Cross ………………….. 50 Lead, Kindly Light ………… 50 -Alliance Weekly.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by U8 on 'receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Morals of Tomorrow. By Ralph W. strength from the Word of God. Each Sockman. 331 pp. $2.50. Harpers. month has a blank page on which to New York. record anniversaries. The pastor of the Madison Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church of New Amazon and Andes. By Kenneth G. York is one of the brilliant preachers Grubb. 308 pp. $5.00. Dial Press, of the younger generation. He is a New York. 1931.

popular speaker before college stu- This deeply interesting and beauti- dents, and his magazine articles and ful volume of missionary experiences books have attracted wide notice. In in comparatively little known parts of this volume he discusses urgent ques- South America, is a book of pioneer tions of present-day morals, the forces travel and -stirring adventure. It that are guiding them, the direction in abounds in fine descriptions of scenery which they aye moving, and the oppor- and of primitive peoples, few of whom tunity and duty of the Church in deal- had ever heard of the Gospel of ing with them. It is a practical and Christ. It manifests keen observation wholesome discussion, clear, able, well and warm sympathy with untutored abreast of modern thought, and in- human nature. The author journeyed cludes a bibliography of recent books from the lower Amazon southwest- and periodicals dealing with the sub- ward, clear across the continent to iect. A. J. B. Bolivia and the Pacific Ocean, then northward, by sea and by land to Living with the Bible. Arranged and Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and Vene- edited by Mary Schauffier Platt. 16 mo. 365 pp. $1.00. M. H. Leavis, zuela. A map of the wanderings, and Box 4. North Cambridge, Mass. 1930. many exceptionally fine illustrations, Our greatest need today, in the face lend charm aJJd vividness to the deof many needs, is for spiritual inspiration and nourishment. Many scription of the country and people. Christians feel this need, but do not know how to feed themselves. They The volume is a notable addition to the growing literature on South America and the urgent importance of e~angelizing it. A. J. B.

are at a loss for -some simple method Evolution. C. F. Hogg. Pickering and for daily devotional Bible reading. Inglis. 3d.

Mrs. Platt, who was for some years a This pamphlet of 32 pages, dealing missionary in Persia, and who is the with the subject of Evolution from author of several stimulating and in- the Christian standpoint, is a recent spirational missionary books, has pre- addition to the growing literature on pared the.se daily Bible readings from this much discussed theme. It con- the Old and New Testament, but tains within this small compass a sur- majoring on the life of Christ. Many prising amount and variety of inter- will welcome these careful selections esting and instructive material, the as a guide to personal devotions and winnowed result of extended philo- for family worship. They require sophical and scientific readings. It only two minutes each, but enable one is one of the most useful discussions to start the day with light and on this theme in brief form we have 317

seen and a valuable addition to tract Miss Lorenzana was educated in the literature. H. R. M. public schools and the Union Theo- logical Seminary in Manila. She ha-s The New Handbook of the Churches. been active in Sunday-school work, was the only woman among the seven Edited by Charles Stehle. 305 .pp. Filipino delegates to the World's $1.50. Federal Council of Churches, Sunday-school Convention in Los New York. Angeles in 1928, took postgraduate work at the Northwestern University Many who speak on what the church in Evanston and Boston University, is doing in America are long on opin- and was one of the representatives of ions and short on facts. Here is a the Philippines in the International book of up-to-date facts concerning Convention on Religious Education in the various Evangelical Christians Toronto in 1930. and other religious church bodies in America. The general articles are of Such authors -should have prompt real value for they include statements and sympathetic reading in America. by Dr. S. Parkes Cadman, Bishop Their book is an admirable presenta- Francis J. McConnell, Dr. S. M. tion of conditions in the Philippine Cavert, Dr. Wm. R. King and fourteen Islands from the Christian viewpoint. other church leaders. They have written on Church Union, the Church A.J. B. and the State, the Community Church, Home Mission Outlook, Immigrants, Rural and Race Problems, World-Wide Akbar Ashram or Hindu-Moslem Unity. Mission Progress, etc. There follows If Truth at Last Be Told.

the directory of religious bodies (very These two attractively printed tracts useful for reference), religious sta- from Karachi, India, are strikingly tistics of all churches, and a bibliog- indicative of the new spirit which is raphy of the Federal Council. Every abroad.

editor and church leader will find the A small number of well educated volume invaluable and others will find Hindus and Mohammedans in Karachi here much interesting and helpful in- hav!! become alarmed at the great information. crease of bad feeling between Hindus Evangelical Christianity in the Philip- and Mohammedans throughout India, and wish to create avenues by means pines. By Camilo Osias and Avelina of which the more liberal spirits on Lorenzana. 240 pages. $1.50. United both sides may get together on a Brethren Publishing House, Dayton, common platform. The claim is made Ohio.

It is an encouraging feature of the that Krishna, Rama, Buddha, Christ development of Christian churches in and Mohammed all taught the same the mis-sion field that native leaders essential truths of love for God and are writing books and articles which devoted service to mankind. It is are influencing their fellow Christians interesting to see that these truths are and are helping people in the home the basic teaching of the New Testa- churches to a better understanding of ment.

the religious situation abroad. Mr. Akbar, the greatest Moslem Em- Osias came to America to complete his peror of India, attempted to weld Hin- education, was graduated from Co- dus and Moslems together by pro- lumbia University, and then returned moting inter-communal marz:jages, by to the Philippines where he became placing capable Hindus in the highest president of the National University posts and rewarding merit wherever with over 6,000 students, a member of found-in short, by a policy of ex- the Philippine Senate and then a resi- treme tolerance and a creed of great dent commis-sioner at Washington. elasticity. His attempt soon ran He has become internationally known against the hard facts of human na- as an educator, statesman and author. ture and left hardly a trace behind.

BOOKS WORTH READING

His spirit is, if possible, to be revived Buddhism." In this lighter volume he in members of the Akbar Ashram. deals with present-day substitutes for These tracts ,speak plainly of the dualistic philosophy. In a series of decay of morals, of the sad lack of delightful imaginary dialogues be- the vitality of the old religions and tween Socrates, Dr. Idealist, Dr. Beof the appalling need of India for a haviorist, Prof. Pragmatist, and new dynamic. The general spirit of others, he submits their opinions to the tracts reveals a burning desire for the keen test of question and an- truth and a wish to follow it even at swer, with the result that they are great personal sacrifice. Surely India shown to be incapable of offering is out on a new quest. any adequate substitute for the more The second tract attacks without ,spiritual doctrine which they seek gloves, (1) the religious cant, hypoc- to displace by monistic philosophy.

risy and greed rampant in the land; The aim of the book is essentially the sloth, impurity and formalism; serious, but the spirit of good humor (2) the purdah system; (3) the does not hinder the author from being entire institution of caste; (4) the brutally frank in exposing the fallacies joint family system; and (5) it advo- of some contemporary schools. Here cates marriage by choice on a basis is an example: of earned livelihood by both men and "Socrates: 'And what is emotion?

women, with the ,strict limitation of What is love, aspiration, the appreci- issue. ation of beauty?'"

The tracts give no evidence of pro- "Dr. Behaviorist: 'Just the behavfound thinking, or of any agony of ior of the gut. Or, if you object to soul, or of any great personal sacrifice plain talk, you may call emotion, visas yet made, and therefore are not of ceral reverberation. That's all any permanent significance. They are emotion is.' " signs of future movements of a pro- Only those who have studied modern founder nature. . Such tracts, how- philosophical theories will appreciate ever, create in the mind and heart the keen, thrusts in this first chapter. of the writer a profund disquietude The second describes Mr. Layman's regarding the present state of mind Adventures in the New Theology, also and heart of the Christian Church in in dialogue form. Three shorter chap- America. We have not begun to ex- ters follow, in one of which we have a plore the unsearchable riches which di,scussion on missions held in a Chiare in Christ. Our petty denomina- nese temple, by a monk, a missionary, tional differences, the large expend- and a promoter. The brief final iture on church conferenecs and as- chapter is a translation of a long-lost semblies, with so little accomplished; Buddhist Pali Sutta which, if authenour niggardly gifts in the great causes tic, would seem to indicate that the and our self-complacency should keep present Buddhist canon "gives a far us humble in the face of those who too monkish picture of the teaching of differ from us. the Founder." S. M. Z.

Christ is sufficient for the ills both of India and America-but His Word "So Send I You." A Series of Missionary Studies by Oswald Chambers. 176 pp. must live within us. E. D. L. Simpkin Marshall, Ltd. London.

Adventures in Philosophy and Religion. The author has opened to us his By James Bissett Pratt. 263 pp. own deep experience of the Bible and Price, $2.00. Macmillan. New York. God's own Spirit in this timely and almost startling call to unqualified The author, professor of philosophy personal devotion to Jesus Christ. at Williams and vice-president of the Mr. Chambers fir,st describes God's American Philosophical Association, voice which the soul can hear only is well-known in mission circles from when it is attuned to Him. Then folbis recent book "The Pilgrimage of

lows a searching scrutiny of insidious Directory of Protestant Missions in China, mistakes that prevent full allegiance 1930. Edited by Chas. L. Boynton for to Christ with a positive exposition of the National Christian Council.' 8 vo. what this fellowship means. "The 217 pp. 14 Peking Road, Shanghai. reason we do not make disciples is that 1930. we are not disciples ourselve·s, we are out for our own ends." The magnitude but not the vitality of the missionary enterprise in China The second half of the book carries is revealed in this small but very usethis same rigid analysis into the or- ful volume. They have listed the 200 ganized missiona y enterprise with societies and officers, the thousand 01" the same stirring reiteration that un- mo e m:ssion stations ge~grJ.phb"l'y deviating obedience to God is the only arranged, the names and addresses of effedive purpose and method. 6,000 missionaries and information as to interdenominational and national Missionary enterprise on the line of committees and organizations. A sumeducation and healing and social amelio- mary of missionary statistics would be ration is magnificent, but it is secondary a valuable addition to the Directory. and the danger is to give it the first place. The temptation is more subtle O.tasien Jahrbuch, 1931 is the tenth today than ever it has been, ~ecause the annual Yearbook of the Ostasien Miscountries of the world are bemg opened sion (Allgemeiner Ev.-Protestantup as never before … it is putting men's ischer missionsverein). Dr. Devarneeds first, and that is the very heart anne edits this Yearbook which is deand kernel of the temptation Satan voted to the work of the society which brought to our Lord. Our Lord's first it represents. It contains very useful obedience was not to the needs of men, articles by different contributor·s. but to the will of His Father . . . The introduction of civilization, without the IPLAYS and II emphasis on living the life hid with Christ in God,. tends to increase the power of evil because it covers it with a veil of refinement.

One wishes the tenderness under- lying it all might have been more HANDWORK fully expressed and also that the Of special value for use in expanded sessions,week day orvacation schools, phraseology were such as to appeal to or in regular Sunday sessions.

a wider group of students and modern readers. M. W. H. H.

The Japan Mission Year Book. Edited by PLAYS Paul S. Mayer. 8 vo. 391 pp. Kyo Bun Kwan, Ginsa, Tokyo. 1930. HIS BOOK, a story of the Biblein Mexico. 10 cents. AMELIDA. work of a Sunday .school missionary Thirty authors lend the weight of their study and experience to this among immig-rants. ~~ eellts. valuable annual. Japan is a land of PEPITA'S ADVENTURE IN FRIENDSHIP. the influence of a mission in the lives of Mexicans in the U. S. 21 cents.

'Vrite for free list of other plays.

intricate problems and vast possibili- HANDWORK ties. The general survey here presented gives us an insight into these Home cut outs: JRoanese. African. Chinese9 Alaska Eskimo. 25 cents each.

problems–economic, educational, so- PICTURE MAPS cial, political and religious. Mr. Ka- Lar/!:,e decorative maps (S'lx50 inches) in bold outgawa writes of the Labor Movement line to be colored, wittI a sheet of twenty or and Dr. Axling of the Kindom of God more pi(·turt!s to be cut ont, eolared and pasted Campaign. Formosa is in the Direc- on the map. llaps are now ready for the foltory and surveys but Korea now pub- lowing ('ouDides: lishes a separate Year Book. The reports are encouraging and are worth Africa. Caribbean Islands. Philippine Islands, North reading. The statistics and directory Americ-a. India, Latin America, The World. 50 cents each.

FRIENDSHJP PRESS 150 Fifth Ave., New York make it of added value for reference.

Please mention THlD MISSIONARY REVIEW 011' THlII WORLD in writing to advertisers.

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1931

ABORIGINES OF WESTERN CHINA WORTH

Leader's Handbook Series Four books, on the religious education of important age groups with special attention to the use of missionary material in the education process. Each volume by a recognized authority.

The Missionary Education of Beginners By ."'''RH: EJ.h:ANOR MOORI': The Missionary Educntion of Primary Children By "VILIII':UIINA STOOKIlR The Missionary Education of Juniors By J. GlmTRlJIlI, HUTTON The Missionary Education of Intermediates By MAllleL GARDXER K.:RsrHN.;R $1.00 Each MISSIONARY EDUCATION MOVEMENT (Thp FriPndship Press) 150 Fifth Avenue New York I .• ASK. ANY METHODIST WHO LET YOUR GIFT OWNS to Foreign Missions An Annuity Agreement of either PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME Mission Board You can make a generous gift to foreign mis- Why he knows it is safe sions and have a needed income for yourself Whether he receives his Annuity and oth-ers from the money you give by the regularly Annuity Gift Plan Does his Annuity shrink during This plan relieves you of uncertain ty and hard times worry caused by changing values of invested If he enjoys relief from reinvest- funds and assures you a fixed income of ment problems 4~% to 9% per year How he is reassured of a future for the rest of your life income When he expects to secure an- A r~eTve fund of over $1.500.000 guarantees the prompt payment of annuities to you. other Annuity Agreement Protect yourself against loss through Tor furtlier illformatioll 1uritc: unwise investmentRand at the same time help send the gospel to all the world. MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist For full information write Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y., or Erne.t F. Hpl'. Secretary. Dept. ofAnnuitie. W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer, Board of BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. Home Missions and Church Extensiou of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch 156 Fifth AveDue. New York St., Philadelphia Pa.

Please mention THE MISAIOSARY REVIEW OF THE "~oRr.D ill writing to ad'11rtis(Iors. THE MISSIONARY OBITUARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD THE REV. WILLIAM BISHOP BOOMER, a retired missionary under the Presbyte- DIILAVAN L. PIIIB.ON, Editor rian Board of Foreign Missions, who had worked for thirty-eight years in Chile, CONTENT5L-February, 1931 died Nov. 14th at Columbia, S. C. He cODJpleted a Spanish hymn book which he began in Chile before his retirement.

* … ..

Page MR. H. W. MA, the first Chinese Prin- FRONTISPIECE-CHIKasa ABORIGINES cipal of the Christian College, Mukden, DOES BIBLE WORK IN CHINA PAY? died suddenly on October 3rd. In August G. ••••••1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . CAIILTO" LACY 85 he had gone to the National Conference IN'l'ERESTING ABORIGINES IN WEST of Christian leaders and had come under CHINA ……•.••••••••• HY PAllS""" 87 the spell of Mr. Kagawa, of Japan. THE CHRISTIAN MESSAGE FOR MOD- Everyone in the college noted how since ERN JAPAN •.•••••• WILl.IAM AXLIKG 91 then he lost no opportunity of bringing RELIGION IN CHINESE SCHOOLS ••.. 98 MISSIONS SUFFER IN HUNAN •…•. 95 the direct Christian challenge before the AN INDIAN VIEW OF CHRISTIAN MIS- young men. He impressed everyone as SIONS …………. B. C. ISHWAIIDAS V7 a man with a lofty and very decided MANU'ESTO ON CHURCH UNION IN sense of the Christian vocation. INDIA …•..••…….•………..•• 100 * * .. 'rHE NEXT STEPS IN HOME MISSIONS 101 THE REV. WILBUR B. STOVER of the THE NEED OF THE CHURCH TODAY Church of the Brethren, died on October • ••..•…. '.' …. CHARJ~ES L. GOODELL 106 31. The Rev. and Mrs. Stover were the CRIME PREVENTION THROUGH lIiOR- pioneer missionaries of that Church in AI, AND RELIGIOUS EDUCATION " 109 India, having arrived at Bulsar in No- BURMESE GOSPEL TEAM •••••••…. 113 vember, 1894. They returned to America A JllISSIONARY JOURNEY IN ITALY in 1920. * * … · . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . STEFANO I~. 'rEST.-. 115 PROTESTANTISM IN BRAZIL •••…•• 117 MISS ELIZABETH B. VERMILYE, for JlIODERN SI,AVERY ••••••••..•.•••••• 120 UNLOOSING GOD'S WORD IN PERSIA many years a member of the Women's Board of Domestic Missions of the Re- • •….•…•…. Wn.LIAM M. WYSIIAM 121 A VENTURE IN MISSIONARY TRAIN- formed Church in America, died Decem- ING . . J. f••••••••••• • LOVELL MURRAY 123 ber 10 at Asb ury… Park , N. J. PROGRESS IN THE SOUTH SEAS •••• 126 … METHODS FOR WORKERS ..•.••..•• …

••••••. • EDITED BY MB~. F. 1. JOHNSON 128 THE REV. DR. CHARLES ALVIN BROOKS, WOMAN'S nOME AND FOREIGN BUL· secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, who had been an official LETIN ……… EDITED BY FLORENCE of Baptist organizations for twenty- E. QUINLAN AND b"LORENCE G. ~l'YLER 135 three years, died at his home in Tarry- WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK •.•..•.. _. " 141 BOOKS WORTH READING …•…••.• 156 town, N. Y., on January eleventh. Dr. Brooks was born at Watkins, N. TERMS.-,2.50 a year. ($2.00 In clnbs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 centl. Single "opleB, Y., on January 7, 1870, and was thus 25 cent.. Publisbed monthly. Copyrighted, sixty years of age. A large part of his 1931, by M,SSIONARY RaVIIlW PUBI.ISHING COM- career was spent in various Ohio pas- PANY, INC. All rights reserved. torates and in Chicago and later he served as executive secretary of the Cleveland Baptist Association, secretary of the City and Foreign Speaking Mis- sions, as well as secretary of the Social Service Division of the American Bap- tist Home Mission Society. Last March he was elected to succeed Dr. Charles L. White as executive secretary of the Home Missions Society.

THE MISSIONARY Rill VIEW PUBLISHING A CORRECTION-LUTHERAN COMPANY, INC. • PIONEERS ROBBa1' III. SP..IlR, ProBi<l…t By an oversight, the article on "Yes- WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President terdays in Home Missions" by Dr. Wm. R. King, omitted reference to the impor- D……y.lN L. PIIIRBOJl, 8ecretarll tant work Lutherans have done in Home W.lL1'.. McDouoALL, I'reIJBVrer Missions in America. During the First Period (page 886) German Lutkerans publication 01llce, 3d &. Re!17 St., Harrisburg, should have been mentioned as among Pa. 2l1e a cop,.. ,2.50 a year. the settlers in Pennsylvania and in the Second Period (page 886) Muhlenberg Editorial and BUline.. 01llCl!, 11i6 Fifth AYenue, (1742) should have been designated as Nell' Yorl< Cit,. a Lutkeran pioneer in Pennsylvania.

Entered a8 neond-cla.. matter at the Pe.t 01llce, Harrl8burlr, Pa., under Act of March a, 18T8. American Colony Stores FROM: THE HOLY LAND of Jeru••lem Those who have been to Jerusalem and those inter- (VESTER /Jl COMPANY) ested in Bibical history will 26 E. 55th St., New York be fascinated by our col- lecti<;>n of gift articles sym- ho!k of (he f:!'oly Land. COLns of the BIble, Testa- ments bound in Olive. wood, Maps, Shepherds' Costumes and Pressed Wild Flowers are a few of these unusual objects. All are reasonably priced.

P';ce Lilt Snit 1m t'tqll'u.

LIP READING for the DEAFENED Thousands surmounting their handicap. Kinzie Method of Graded instru ction 1!1sures h igh est r esult ot which ind ividea] is ca pable. Su mmer Ress;ion in London.

KINZIE INSTITUTE OF SPEECH·READING, 347 M.clio•• An., N. Y.

PERSONALS COMING EVENTS REV. E. A. ODELL, of the Board of Na- February 1-6-FLORIDA MISSIONARY Astional Missions of the Presbyterian SEMBLIES in Orlando, Haines City, Church, U. S. A., will accompany the Deland, Sa nford. Daily Lectures Caribbean cruise sailing from New York and Rallies. Fourteen speakers. Mrs. February 14 and returning March 4, Henry W. Peabody, Chairman, Oras specal lecturer, interpreter, and guide lando. for the land trips, for thoSe members of the party engaging passage for the pur- February 14-March 4-CARIBBEAN SEMpose of seeing the missionary work being INAR, West Indian Tour. done on the Islands. Mr. Odell has lived in the West Indies, both Porto Rico and February 16-19-THE PRESBYTERIAN Cuba , for over 25 years and speaks CHURCH (South) is planning to hold Spanish fluently. a Presbyterian Congress of World Missions in Chattanooga , Tennessee. *•• They plan to make this the greatest and most inspiring and far-reaching MR. C. T. STUDD, the former famous in power of any congress or conven- Cambridge cricketer and founder of the tion ever held. World Evangelization CrusadE!, recently celebrated his 70th anniversary (Dec. 2, F ebruary 20-WORLD DAY OF PRAYER. 1930) in Africa. His story is 'told in a For local churches and missionary small book by Thos. B. Walter s. The groups in all countries. For further past seventeen years of his life have been information write to denominational spent in the Belgian Congo. headquarters of the Women's Home and Foreign Mission Boa rds. *** February 24-26-WESTERN SECTION OF DR. J . A. GRAHAM of Kalimpong, In- WORLD ALLIANCE OF REFORMED dia, has been elected to be Moderator of CHURCHES, Washington, D. C. the Church of Scotland for 1931. This is the first time that the old Church of June 22-26-A WORLD CONFERENCE ON Scotland (now a part of the united Scot- STEWARDSHIP AND CHURCH FINANCE tish Church) , has had a missionary Mod- is to be held in Edinburgh, Scotland. erator. Dr. Graham, has spent 41 years Five representatives from each of in the misison field, and in 1900 started t he 25 denominations which constithe St. Andrews Homes for Anglo-Indian tute the United Stewardship Counorphans. He has the love and respect of cil, in the United States and Canada, Indians and European officials alike, and and one for each 100,000 members has been awarded the Kaisar-i-Hind will comprise the delegation from Medal and has received the C. I. E. these countries. Entertainment will be extended to accredited delegates, (Concluded on third cover.) though the conference will be open to all visitors.

PIea.e mention TEll MISSIONABt'"R.,vl&W OF TEll WORLD In writlnll: t o ad vertis ers.

LIV, No.2 February

THE MISSIONARY 16eWO..,–~ DOES BIBLE WORK IN CHINA PAY?

BY THE REV. G. CARLETON LACY, D.D.

Seeretrwy, Ohima Agency, American Bible Somety YESTERDAY a prominent min- teers shared in the distribution of ister said to me: "Until re- more than five million copies of cently I did not believe in the Scripture in China. All but 65 of work the Bible Societies are doing these were in Chinese. in the widespread distribution of In Yuncheng, Shansi, a band of Chinese Gospel portions at a nomi- twenty Christians go out regularly nal price. But I have been con- in the winter months to sell the verted by the experience of one of Scripture portions and a number our highest provincial officials, who of people are brought to Christ. in the days of Yuan Shih-k'ai fell Many times these volunteers are under that powerful ruler's dis- greeted with scorn and even with pleasure. It became necessary for violent attack. During the past him to flee from Peiping (Peking) year, however, the Book was rewith nothing but what he could ceived more frequently with signs carry in a small hand bag. In his of eagerness. A missionary phydestitution and loneliness he threw sician who for sixteen years has open his bag. On the top lay a persistently distributed the Gospels little book which he had bought among the passengers whenever he from a despised peddler on the travels on a river steamer did not train. He began to read the Gos- meet with a single rejection last pel story. It laid hold of his heart. year. The message met his need. He The Chinese Church has become sought a church and a Christian increasingly conscious of its opporpastor and now he is known every- tunity in the distribution of the where as an earnest Christian." Scriptures. The steady cultivation Yearly millions of copies of the through recent years is showing Scriptures are distributed. Much its effects. The number of foreign of the seed falls by the wayside, missionaries in China is twenty but so long as the harvest con- per cent less than three years ago tinues it is worth while to use but the circulation of Scripture every means available to sow the portions is thirty per cent greater.

seed. Hundreds of faithful men All over China there is evident and women are ready to help and a widening field of thought and acduring the past year 1,225 volun- tivity. Newspapers are more nu- 85

merous and popular. Means of not tell the half of what the people communication have been greatly of China are enduring under the improved. The stirring events of heel of the military chieftians and the past two or three years have their mercenary armies, and under shaken loose men's thought proc- the bloody sword and fiery torch esses and even those who are most of brigands and outlaws, many of pessimistic with regard to the Rev- whom are the product of recent olution are forced to admit that wars and rebellions. Nor do they tell how widespread and deadly has THE GOSPEL IN CHINESE been the famine in several of the (Literal rrranslation): The True God so provinces, or how many faithful missionaries and Chinese business f~Si!k~at(~s{O~~1y b~~~lt~~ s~e:, 6~sf~:;i:: men and children of the wealthy have fall e n into the hands of Him upon them in order to cause all who bandits to be held for high ransom, believe on Him, not to reach to destruction, or of continued attacks on Chris- but to certainly obtain eternal life. John tian gatherings and some success- 3: 16. ful efforts to break up or close Christian schools. the stolid peasant has been introduced to a bigger world than he We know of the heart-break of knew before. The s e awakened many humble followers of the Man minds are receptive and the Book of Nazareth, who, like Him, have of Truth has a new appeal. been c rue II y misunderstood by those closest and dearest in the On the other hand a glance over home or in the circle of intimate the. nine years past shows the pa- friends and have been rejected by thetic details of China's suffering those to whom they came with the -suffering fro m famine, flood, Word of Light. "He is despised warfare, hatred, and wickedness of and rejected of men" may be writevery description. The reports do ten of many a faithful Christian- Chinese or foreigner – who con- tinues loyal to his Redeemer, tell- ing the Gospel story, distributing the Gospel portions where he goes, and living sacrificially and trium- phantly.

GOD'S HANDWRITING By JOHN OXENHAM He writes in characters too grand For our short sight to understand; We catch but broken strokes, and try To fathom all the mystery Of withered hopes, of death, of life, The endless war, the useless strife- But there, with larger, clearer sight, We shall see this-His way was right

DISTI:-lCTIVE DRESS OF WEST CHINA

ABORIGINES IN WEST CHINA 0' BY THE REV. HY PARSONS, Shimenkan, Kwei, Yunnan, China M/88ion(J.t'jf the United M ethodi8t MI8lrion, 1905 T HE Ko-pu, a branch of the the more crafty Celestial. Most of great No-su family, may be the best land has already passed referred to as aborigines of into his hands, and today, by theft Yunnan, although there are stories and otherwise, the aborigines are of their having been invaders in slowly but surely being disposthe shadowy past, and of their hav- sessed of their country. Ko-pu ing pushed back the "real origi- land has been "borrowed" by Chinals" to the mountain recesses. neseneighbors, "just for inspec- This is true of the Miao (Flowery tion," and after a year or so a Sprouts) who were the victims of demand for rent is made. This the stronger tribe. History has being refused, a lawsUit follows, been repeating itself, for the policy and almost invariably the Chinaof "push" was adopted most suc- man's possession of the deeds and cessfully by the Chinese. The vari- of the longer purse wins the day. ous branches of the No-su family have steadily given ground before The aborigine is no match for the Chinese. This fact has been 87

stamped upon the mind of the Ko- rant of all book learning, the Ko-pu pu and has given birth to mistrust, have nevertheless a due apprecia- fear and racial hatred. tion of the advantages of being We have a strong suspicion that able to read an agreement in the the recognition by the Ko-pu of Chinese character. "Teach us to their. ,?wn inab}Iity to withstand recognize Chinese writing, that the the forward Chmese has been one Han will not then so readily hood- factor in their movement toward wink us."

Christianity, or rather toward the The Ko-pu are grouped in vil- real or fancied security, which as- lages and hamlets containing from sociation with the foreign teacher five to sixty families congregating has brought. for mutual protection against wild Mr. Arthur Nicholls, of the animals and more dreaded thieves.

China Inland Mission, writes: "At Their village life is based upon the a Ko-pu village I was requested, at communistic principle – a Mutual the point of the knife, to assist in Help Society. The land, such of a matter which might involve send- it as remains in Ko-pu hands, is ing to the magistrate. I refused, divided among the several families and on receiving their ultimatum, forming the village. As a family 'Help us or' we will not believe,' increases in size, its land is divided I saddled my horse intending to and sub-divided, until many of the leave. The Ko-pu immediately plots are insufficient to support the gave way, blaming some absent persons dependent u pan them.

member of the community." These, then, support themselves by Physically, the Ko-pu are be- working for their more wealthy tween the Miao and the Chinese. neighbors.

They exceed the stature and the The people are clannish, but powers of endurance of the for- feuds often break out between dif- mer, but do not attain to tho s e ferent families and villages. Forays of the latter. Socially the Ko-pu and blows follow and internecine rank higher than the Miao, but are strife continues for generations.

inferior to the No-su and Chinese. A lamentable Qutcome of these There is some ground for believing quarrels is the large amount of that formerly they were the serfs litigation which ensues. The Chi- of the stronger half of the No-su nese officials bleed both parties to tribe. Heartily dispised and ex- the disputes, and are naturally ploited by the Chinese, the Ko-pu pleased with this fruitful source of do not fail to reciprocate the feel- income. Justice is as often a mat- ing of hatred. Long years of op- ter of chance as of judgment. The pression and loss have generated a Mandarin language spoken by the deep sense of wrong and resent- aborigines is, to say the least, not ment. distinct, and the official not infre- The Ko-pu are endowed with a quently has difficulty in arriving large share of deceit, self-love and at the facts of the case.

a capacity for looking after them- There is surprisingly little inter- selves. They are much less trust- course between villages. Folks liv- ful and responsive to the Truth ing in hamlets divided by a deep than the Miao; but seem to be valley only, are sometimes un- more easily persuaded than the known to each other. The result Yunnanese Chinese. Though igno- of this isolation shows itself in

ABORIGINES IN WEST CHINA

quite distinct types of dress, and It is a lamentable thing that con- marked variations in language, tact with the Chinese seems al- and even in facial differences. This most invariably to lower the charaloofness and reluctance to gather acter and conduct of the Ko-pu.

at any common center makes mis- Like all children of nature, they sion work among the Ko-pu more are very superstitious; greatly difficult t han among the Miao. terrified at the thought of devils Each Ko-pu village demands its and what these demons are sup- own teacher and preacher and will posed to be able to perform, while not readily send its boys to school wizards and medicine men hold the in a village even a short distance people in thraldom. All forms of away. Hence a whole regiment of sickness are believed to be the evil men would be required if every re- expression of demon thought. Sac- quest for a teacher or worker was rifices of cattle are sometimes regranted. Weare seeking to break sorted to in order to propitiate the down these barriers by organizing spirits of the dead. district festivals with competitions The ancestral tablet—e 0 pie d among the various schools. from the Chinese-has been gener- The people are fond of sports, ally set up in the homes, but idols especially bull fighting. Two bulls of prayer, wood and stone do not are placed in a ring and excited to seem to have been worshiped. push each other with their horns. Trees are held sacred, and the evil The owner of the vanquished one spirits supposedly residing in them has to treat the company with sacrificed to. It is all a religion wine, so that drunken brawls often of fear; an existence without hope follow. for the future; a darkness hang- Morals and Drink ing around the people which can The state of the people's morals almost be felt. Yet, above all, the leaves very much to be desired. Ko-pu acknowledge One who is su- The drink habit has a tremen- preme, all-powerful and uncreated.

dously strong hold upon the people. They named him Ya-so-mu. How Many of them part with it very they worship him we have not yet reluctantly. It has enabled the been able to ascertain.

Chinese to cheat the aborigine The people are very musical.

easily, and is often a great stumbl- They delight in songs of their own ing block to the full acceptance composition. More Gospel truth of the Gospel. The brothel stands, has been inculcated by the method or has stood in most villages. Im- of hymn-singing than in any other morality among the unmarried- way. Whenever a teacher arrives an elastic term-is not considered at a village, the people will sit and improper; nor does any sense of sing by the hour. They never seem shame or wrong disturb the par- better pleased than when given a ticipants. "Just old tribal cus- new tune.

toms," the people say, adding "Our Missions to the Ko·pu fathers fro m time immemorial have done the same; and why may Our introduction to the Ko-pu not we?" was through the medium of a vil- A few of the Ko-pu copied the lage of Christian Miao, living to Chinese in opium smoking, and the north of Tong Chuan City.

quantities of poppies were grown. The Ko-pu came to service, were

received kindly, and invited us to sistance of the British and Foreign come again. The movement spread Bible Society. The people readily rapily. Village after village opened grasp the script (the same as its doors to the Miao preachers; adopted for the Miao) , which has indeed, invitations from the Ko-pu been used in reducing the lan- poured in. The trained Flowery guage to writing. There are a Sprouts from the Stone Gateway few gutterals and a tantalizing district gave themselves splendidly range of "tones" decidedly difficult to the work. They traveled among to a Westerner. Generally speak- the people, stayed in their homes, ing, Mandarin is not serviceable in daily teaching them to sing and teaching the Ko-pu, for 0 n I y a pray. Week after week this itiner- small percentage of the men under- ation continued. Week-night and stand it, and fewer women.

Sunday services were arranged, The people appreciate the inter- and the movement placed on a est manifested in them and the ef- working basis, a I m 0 s t entirely fort made to teach and help them through the agency of the Miao. in their sicknesses. It is an inter- Without the aid of these Flowering esting sight to see the decayed Sprouts only the barest fraction of tooth brigade, inviting an applica- the work could have been under- tion of the forceps. In one village taken. Chapels sprang up-there only, in the course of two visits, I are -a score of them now–erected have extracted nearly 70 teeth.

entirely by the people themselves, It is both unwise and impossible without cost to the Mission. These to be dogmatic respecting numbers mud-built chapels are of lit tie -there are, however, several thou- worth but their value lies in that sand Ko-pu aborigines c a II i n g they represent a sacrificing and themselves Christians. There are worshipping spirit. Schools have signs of the movement spreading been opened, trained Miao teachers to other peoples, neighbors of the are engaged in teaching companies Ko-pu.

of intelligent Ko-pu scholars. We are only at the beginning of Members of the same tribe scat- the evangelization of the tribe; tered in other districts are con- many difficulties confront us; very stantly asking for boo k sand much spade work waits to be done.

instruction. We supply their needs We see many signs of encourage- as quickly as we can. A hymn- ment, and anticipate the day. when book and Mark's Gospel have been the whole Ko-pu p e 0 pIe shall, printed in dialect, the latter being through Grace, be found praising made possible by the generous as- God.

Be prayerful and thou shalt have strength equal to thy day; Prayer clasps the Hand that guides the world- Oh, make it then thy stay: Ask largely, and thy God will be A Kingly Giver unto thee.

-From "Prayer and the Promises."

CHRISTIAN MESSAGE FOR

JAPAN BY THE REV. WILLIAM AXLING, D.D., Tokyo, Japan Mis8ionary oj the American Bu.ptist Foreign Mission Society T HE early messengers of the the past year has gone like a flam- Gospel to the Japanese people ing torch across Japan preaching proclaimed it to a mind which the Gospel to the masses. Under was largely environed in simple, his leadership the "Kingdom of serene surroundings. For cen- God Campaign" has been launched turies, custom and courtesy had de- with the goal of a million souls in creed that it was a teacher's pre- Japan for Christ in the next three rogative to teach and the pupil's years. Recently, however, he surplace to listen. In the Meiji era, the students developed an inquir- prised his friends and fellow work- ers in this campaign by accepting ing attitude, but the mind of the the post of Honorary Head of the masses was still cast in an uncriti- Social Welfare Bureau of the City cal mould. Today, however, the of Tokyo with the understanding mind of Japan is alert and active; that he will give ten days a month it is critical and questioning, and to this work. To a group of friends immersed in all the problems which who protested, he replied: "I have harass modern man. preached too much during the past year. I must practice more. This The Gospel of Christ is still the position offers me an opportunity Gospel. The Jerusalem Conference sounded no truer note than when it to demonstrate the Gospel on a declared: "Our message is Jesus large scale and is an integral part Christ. He is the revelation of of the 'Kingdom of God Camwhat God is and of what we may paign.' " through Him become. In Him we Christianity singles out the indi- come face to face with the ultimate vidual and saves him, but its mes- reality of the universal." However, sage and mission reach out beyond we proclaim this Gospel today to the individual and encircle all life.

men with changed minds and liv- Today ours must be a message and ing in a changed world. There a demonstration which comes to must, therefore, necessarily be new grip with the hard, harsh realities emphasis, new applications, and of modern life, and point the way broader and deeper interpretations spiritually, tirst of all, but also eco- of its meaning. Christianity in nomically, industrial and socially Japan today must be a venture in to a tiner and fairer industrial, life. Christian missions, as a prop- social, and world order. Modern aganda, no longer appeal to the man refuses to postpone the rela- Japanese people. Christian mis- tion of his dreams until he passes sions as a practical illustration of on to the great unknown. Con- Jesus' way of life still challenge sciously and unconsciously he and grip them. Preaching is still prays: "Thy kingdom come. Thy necessary but preaching alone is will be done as in heaven so in not enough. earth." And in his thinking he Kagawa, the inimitable, during underscores So in earth, and yearns 91

to see the Kingdom come and pre- tion and race, the disentangled vail in all the life around him. Christ of the Gospels.

Moreover, the ethnic faiths have Christianity in Japan today must elaborate systems of ethics and keep its feet on the ground and morals and a philosophy of life come to grips with life in all its vicariously and laboriously worked ramifying phases, but its head and out across centuries of intense heart must lay hold of the unseen. mental struggle and soul-agonizing It must never be so absorbed in the things of this world that it drifts experiences. These faiths are to- out of touch with the other world, day sponsored by some of the best loses the vision of the unseen and minds and the purest spirits in Ja- fails to grip the things which are pan and the Orient. They cannot be ignored. Christianity must meet ultimate and eternal. In their these cultures on their own ground heart of hearts the Japanese are and demonstrate its supremacy, mystical, and no religion which its sufficiency and its uniqueness in misses the mystical in its message the realm of reality, life and pres- and experience will win them. ent day needs. It is the Christ of Calvary that Furthermore, Japan wants a dis- moves the Japanese heart. The cross still challenges and captures entangled Christianity. Across the the human heart for God. But it years Western Christianity has is not the cross which is pictured formed entangling alliances which in art with clinging vines and paralyze it in this land as a pioneering, conquering faith. Compromis- smiling flowers. It is a cross ruging entanglements with capitalism, ged and rough hewn. It is a cross secularism, denominationalism and aflame with the passion of His nationalism raise high barriers to great soul and crimson with His its progress among this thoughtful, discriminating people. Japan and rich, red blood-the cruel, climatic the Orient want Christianity but cross of Calvary. they want a Christianity stripped of these robings, and disentangled What was true of Christ is true from these hindering, crippling al- of us. An easy-going, passionless, liances. sacrificeless, bloodless service will never win Japan for Christ. The Not long ago the writer listened call is for something of sterner and to a veteran Japanese pastor mak- sturdier stuff. The call is that our ing a passionate plea for a "naked preaching and teaching and serv- Christ." He pled for a Christ un- ing shall be backed by a personaladorned with the wrappings and ity consciously centered in God and labellings of sect and class, of na- shot through with high heroism and the spirit of bleeding sacrifice.

GIFT What can I give Him Poor as I am?

If I were a shepherd I would bring Him a lamb; If I were a wise man I would do my part; Yet what I can I give Him, Give my heart.

-Rosetti.

IN CHINESE

Chinese Christians Petition Their Government for Greater Religious Liberty SUPPORTERS of missions in article as prohibiting voluntary re- China have watched with ligious instruction in schools lower growing concern the demands than senior middle, we are bound to of the Nationalist Government that feel that these restrictions are of such religion should be excluded from a nature as to make it necessary for all Christian schools. We have re- the majority or our church schools ceived from the Rev. A. R. Kepler, to discontinue . . . It is unanimously D.D., General Secretary of the felt that the circumstances compel us General Assembly of The Church to protest and to submit the following of Christ in China, the text of the reasons for our position for your con- sideration.

Petition which the General Coun- First, the purpose of the Church in cil of the Church, upon recommen- conducting schools is to nurture dation of its Board of Education, Christ-like personality, to serve soci- addressed to the National Govern- ety and state . . . This can be realized ment, protesting against the regu- to the highest degree, we believe, only lations promulgated by the Min- through the gateway of religion. We istry of Education forbidding also are of the firm conviction that the religion in church schools. The religion of Jesus Christ, His teachings Petition is a memorable document, of love, liberty and equality, and His stating the case for religious lib- vIcarious sacrifice, are such as can inerty with such mingled dignity and spire and enable the students to cogency that it is of historic in- achieve the ultimate aim of education terest. We therefore cite its prin- -namely, the development of healthy cipal points, assured of our 'read- and perfect personality. er's recognition of its importance. Se.cond. There has been a strong A. J. B. movement during the last few years in educational circles for the "separation We, the undersigned, are herewith of religion from education" . . .

submitting to you a petition for your But when we consider the real value consideration. The purpose of this of education, we cannot conclude that petition is to request your honorable education without religion is complete.

Ministry to allow all grades of church A full-rounded personality is a per- schools to have elective religious sonality mentally sound and emotion- courses and to permit the primary ally sane. Reason and feeling cannot grades to have the privilege of wor- well be divorced.

ship. Third. In a country like ours, we But when we make a careful study cannot afford to discontinue educa- of the Regulations stating that tional activities. . . .

A private school founded by a religious We believe that religious liberty is body is not permitted to give religion as essential to one's own conscience. In a required subject, nor is religious propa- matters of faith, students have perfect gIfandthaepreermaritetedaniny threelicgliaosussinsetxreurcctiisoens., freedom. We have never trl'ed to "enstudents shall not be compelled or enticed to participate. No religious exer- tice" students in our schools to becises shall be allowed in primary schools; come members of the church. The reason we have religious education is and in view of the official interpreta- to guide the students to get a right tion put on the first sentence of said start in their lives. To share such re- 93

sponsibilities with the Government, church primary schools to have the we maintain, is the duty of patriotic privilege of worship. citizens and should not be prohibited . . . We have religious instruction (Signed) Church of Christ in China, and worship in our schools, because Methodist Episcopal Church, Ameriwe are of the conviction that a full- can Baptist Society. Protestant Episrounded personality cannot be fully copal Church, United Lutheran developed apart from religious ex- Church, Swedish Missionary Union. perience and religious influences . . . Evangelical Church. Church of the Brethren, Rhenish Missionary Society. In short, our church schools have Methodist Protestant Church. Basel religious instruction and worship be- Mission, Unitea Methodist Society. cause we firmly believe that education without religion is incomplete. The Shanghai, China, July 1, 1930. religion of Jesus Christ helps a student to give expression to the things most The Ministry of Education sent beautiful and most idealistic. It does its reply to the foregoing Petition not close the mind of an intelligent on July 24, and a translation was student, but guides him to understand received a month later. the true meaning of life, a life that is for the well-being of others. • . . Your petition requesting that all grades of church and mi&sion schools Dr. Sun fought a good fight for our be permitted to have elective religious country for over forty years. He was courses and primary schools to have educated in church schools, and even the privilege of worship. has been reon his deathbed he proclaimed that ceived. Upon consideration of the he was a Christian. He did not re- points raised in your petition. we find gard religion as something which would make one blind to knowledg£. them not free from misunderstand- He did not suspect church schools as ing. Let us consider these points seriinstitutions to drug youth and make them apathetic. Because he knew the atim … essence of the religion of Jesus Christ and the functions of church schools, To sum up: There is not only one he whole-heartedly supported Chris- religion. If we allow each religion in tian institutions to even the last mo- the name of education to vie one with ment when he was in this world. Why the other to propagate religion. the should his followers act contrary to natural tendency will be to create di- visions and strife. The Ministry. of his intention? Education. in order to guard against It is deemed necessary and our duty such a possible future calamity, is obliged to impose these restrictions to call the attention of your honorable which do not apply only to Christi- Ministry to all these facts and reasons as above stated. The consequences anity but to the other religions as of the Regulations and of the official well. . interpretation thereof will mean education exclusively without religion, Hence to have elective religious the closing down of a majority of our courses in junior middle schools and schools, and the loss of opportunity to have the privilege of worship in for an education to thousands of chil- primary schools embodies obstacles too dren and young people. Can our coun- difficult to permit the Ministry to try afford such consequences at the grant the request. Moreover, we hope present moment? We, therefore, sin- that you will consider in a sympathetic cerely hope that your honorable Min- way this our humble opinion regardistry will reconsider the whole matter ing the restriction upon propagation and so modify the article in question of religion in schools. Let this be conas to allow all grades of church schools sidered final and not subject to further to have religious instruction and review.

(Signed) MOLING TSIANG, Minister of Education.

SUFFER IN

BY AN OLD WORKER IN HUNAN PROVINCE T HIS large and important city Karakan, the Russian or Red Am- of Changsha, the capital of bassador at Peking, and was dili- Hunan Province wit h its gently spread all over the land. It twenty-two million population, the was brought violently into Central city itself having some half mil- China, and especially Hunan, Hu- lion, has been through a terrifying peh and Kiangsi Provinces, in experience in the hands of a small 1926, when the Southern Army army of Reds. came fro m Canton, headed by The opposing army of regular Tsiang Kai Shik, and officered by soldiers was too small, only 6,000, Russians, principally Borodin and against 20,000 well armed Reds, Galen. Later, after Nanking had who ring the changes heavily on been raided, and captured, the Rusthe word qinu-tenu or "equal- sian faction was cast off, but the ity," and lure many to their net. evil seed had been sown widely and This city has fifteen Christian we have since that time seen the institutions, the first of which bad harvests. The "Reds" have came a year or so after the Boxer taken and held the small border Uprising of 1900 – China Inland cities of three provinces, and have Mission, since turned over to the been in Ping-kiang and Liu-yang, Liebenzeller Mission (the German for a period. Taking advantage of branch); Christian and Mission- this time, when so many of the ary Alliance, since turned over to Hunan soldiers were north fighting the Evangelical Mission; the Lon- against the coalition of older gen- don Mission, taken over by the erals north of the Yangtze River, Presbyterian Mission after the they made an effort to get into this home call of Griffith John; Nor- larger city, take ransom, and se- wegian Mission; Swedish Mission; cure arms, so much needed.

Wesleyan Mission; American Epis- They broke through the small copal Mission; and the Hunan opposing army, and on July 27th, Bible Institute, a branch of the In- entered this city on the eastern stitute at Los Angeles; B lin d side. Their awful presence was Girls' School, a branch of the soon noted by burnings all over the Liebenzeller Mission; Norwegian entire city.

Mission Hospital; Yale Hospital, All yamens and official places, residences and chapel; Faith Or- and records were burned, the many phanage, and the Broadcast Tract prisoners were released, to become Press, largely supported by the handy agents of the Reds. Later Galilee Baptist Church of Denver, the foreign hongs and residences, and supplying Gospel tracts in the and many of the missions, were eighteen provinces. either looted, burned, or given to There is also the cathedral and the mob for their pleasure.

orphanage work of the Italian Ro- The mission suffering the most man Catholics, and the Seventh was the China Inland Mission Day Adventists. where eighteen foreigners were 10- Communism came into China cated, ten being absent at the time.

some twenty-five years ago, through All lost their entire personal effects 95

and homes, except Dr. and Mrs. wrecked, and foreigners (absent at Eitel, and Miss E. Fischer, of the the time) lost all they had there. Hospital. The explanation of this, and the sparing of the Yale Hos- The Roman Catholic cathedral pital, seems to have been that the and orphanage were b rut a II y Reds needed doctors and medicine. treated, the "father" in charge Superintendent and Mrs. Witt and taken captive, but soon released children, Mr. and Mrs. Wohlleber, for a small money payment, and Mr. and Mrs. Steybe and children, the 190 orphan girls there were R. Hildenbrand and wife, Mr. O. L. also robbed of all they had. So far Fuhrmann and Misses C. C. Den- we can learn of no particular misninghoff and H. S. Roller lost all treatment of women and girls, but they had. much news is still uncertain.

By the looting of the Blind The Bible Institute, being large School, Dr. E. E. Witt and wife, and cool, was made the head- Misses Valsel and Fortsmeier lost quarters of the Reds, and so, with all, and the blind children, some the valuable Scofield books of Pasforty in number, were robbed of tor Cheng Chi Kuei, escaped ruin, everything, even to basins and and their flight was so hasty on toothbrushes. The Inland Mission the entrance, early August 5th of church building, a large structure, the army, that they did not fire the was entirely stripped, even to the buildings. woodwork of windows and doors. Missions escaping this time were The Evangelical Mission lost all the Institute, the Taylor Hospital, contents of buildings and chapel the Yale Hospital, though damaged on the new Dr. Sun Road, but their slightly, the Wesleyan Mission, the Tong-pai Leo property was only Faith Orphanage and the Broaddamaged on the outside. cast Tract Press. These latter are located in the far southeast corner Mr. Lingle, of the Presbyterian of the city, in a quiet spot, away Mission, was the last to escape the from main roads or old city gates, city, getting away Sunday at mid- and principally owe their escape to night. His home, and the two large the smallness and plainness of the school buildings near, are either buildings, mostly Chinese in style, burned or wrecked. This was par- and to the fact that Chinese Costicularly sad, as a "send off" to our tume has been adhered to rigidly veteran worker, for Mr. Lingle will all these years. be seventy next year. He escaped The superintendents were able to to Hankow with a mere hand bag! stay through the entire nerve rack- The Norwegian Mission on the ing nine days, and none of the chil- dren are lost, the tract printing Main Sou t h Gate Street was and Miao booklet work went on all wrecked by the local populace, but two days, and it is a cause of egged on by the Red sentinels at great praise and gratitude to God the door. The Swedish Mission, located three blocks further north, that so much is saved. Some for- eigners are now reentering the was passed by. city, the Reds being driven out by The Wesleyan Mission had their a large Nationalist army. The rains fell in time to allow nine gunsafe rifled, but the large Episcopal boats of four nations to assemble Mission, with its foreign cut stone here. We hope for better times. church building, on the Main Nor t h Gate street, was badly

INDIAN VIEW OF CHRISTIAN

BY THE REV. B. C. ISHWARDAS, Ludhiana, India W HEN speaking in different India"; and this new creation, as churches in America during it is growing in age, experience the last six weeks, I have and vitality, is demanding equal been asked such questions as the rights, better treatment, and freefollowing: "What is the future of dom of action. Similarly – the the Foreign Mission work in In- foreign missionary, through Chrisdia? tian message and influence, has created a "Christian India." This "Has the time come when the too as it is growing in size, life, Foreign Mission enterprise should and experience, is demanding come to an end?

"Is the Indigenous C h u r c h strong enough to take the work into its own hands?"

These questions have been asked with a desire to know the real situation. I therefore undertake to give some personal experiences and facts that will give a fairly wellbalanced viewpoint of the things as they s tan d in India today. There are some Indians in America who undertake to misinterpret and undermine the Foreign Mission enterprise.

At times individual missionaries have committed serious mistakes, but the wonder is that, being for- eign, they have not made greater TIlE HEV. E. C. IRIIWARDAS hI unders. 0 n the 0 ther hand they An Indian Christian Studying at Princeton have done a yoeman service in the creation of a "New India." Their greater scope for self-development services in the realm of education, and self-expression wit h i n the breaking down of caste, abolishing Church. This is a period of transi- untouchability, and instilling a tion and a time of devolution and democratic spirit into the Indian readjustment. A new church conpeople, are very real. They have sciousness is in evidence all over been pioneer fighters in battles the country and particularly in against moral, social and religious large centers. The Indian wants evils which have been great ene- to change his mode of worship, mies of India's happiness and style of church architecture and progress. But the greatest of all methods of evangelization. He be- these services is the establishment lieves in what he calls an Indian of the Church of Christ in India. approach to India. The British Government, through This state of affairs has at times western influence. education, and created unpleasantness between culture, has created the "Modern the foreign and the national work- 2 ~

er, but let it be said to the credit The work of Christianizing India of the missionary that in many is not completed. Foreign Miscases he has shown a magnani- sions are entering a new tract mous spirit, and given evidence of which so far they have not covered broad vision and outlook by giving -a new scene in this great drama. the nationals more responsible po- The audience has changed, and now sitions and greater scope for de- the drama is to be performed bevelopment. Recently the North fore a crowd which intellectually, India Presbyterian Mission passed morally and spiritually is awaka resolution to the effect that it is ened. It is "New India." "Old prepared to work under the direc- things are passed away, behold all tion of the North India Synod of things are become new." Therefore the United Indian Church. These what kind of missionary is lleeded forward steps should make us lift to cope with this new situation? I our eyes to God in praise and cannot describe him better than in thanksgiving that a strong Indian the words of a great Indian Chrisleadership is springing up to shoul- tian leader: "He should be ac- quainted with the religious books der the evangelistic responsibilities and literature of the people among in India. The time is coming when whom he works. We should raise the mantle' of the foreign Elijah workers of this grade in India as will fall on the Indian Elisha. This well as in the West. England and is well since the objective before America and other "sending" coun- Foreign Missions is to found a tries should send us workers with strong indigenous Church which deep scholarship backed by deep ultimately will undertake the evan- religious experience; this will be gelization of India. a potent force in permeating the mass. I plead for consecrated men Has that time come? Should the and women for our work. What foreign missionaries in India pack we need today is emphasis, not on up and buy their ticket for London Western culture, but on Jesus and New York? Emphatically No! Christ as the divine Saviour and Foreign Missions are entering Satisfier of all our spiritual needs upon a new era in India. India and longings. We need to emphahas just begun to appreciate Jesus size Jesus as a living reality. Edu- cation makes the educated Indians Christ. He who was a Melick (un- lose their faith in their ancestral touchable) to a Hindu forty years religion. Unless Christian workers ago has taken the highest place in supply this void, these classes will India's life and thought. He today is being secretly worshipped by drift." thousands of India's sons and There wall a time in India when daughters. He who was once despised and hated, because of his as- Christ was despised and hat e d. sociation with western race and Then came a time when India becivilization, is rising above all ra- gan to understand him better and cial, cultural and national barriers and is appearing in India in true tolerate him. Today we are in the colors-the Christ, the Son of the midst of an India which admires Living God. India has begun to Christ, and the eye of faith sees realize the matchless beauty and how this esteem may eventually the 8aving power of the divine lead India to accept Him as Lord. Nazm'ene. I strongly believe that India is

AN INDIAN VIEW OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS

passing through the cross-experi- Chr-ist in a foreign country and ence which will lead her to the among a foreign people. Some of Crucified One. them are camping in the villages Here is a challenge and an op- these cold winter months, and pass portunity. Will those who have on words of cheer and comfort to been supporting Foreign Mission the Indian villagers. In spite of work in India close their fists and separation from the i rhome, decline to give any more? No, friends, and civilization, there is a there is yet a second mile to be glow on their faces because they covered. It is a great opportunity have the joy of telling the old, old and a rare privilege to share in story to the masses of India. I the establishment of God's king- think of one who has now been the dom on earth. If you have given head of that great college in North less in the past, give more now be- India for the last twelve years, cause you see very definite results pouring out his life to influence on the field. India does need more the youth of the Punjab for Christ.

missionaries but of the type de- I think of another, old in years but scribed. Men and women are called young in spirit, sitting at his desk who are especially prepared to late hours in the night in an effort meet the new situation and who to solve some of the pressing prob- go to India not as superiors but lems of the mission and the Church equals; not as patrons but broth- today. I think of another, young ers; not as teachers only, but as in years but old in wisdom and un- learners too; not obsessed with derstanding~a teacher in a theo- their own cultural and national logical college – inspiring candi- ideas but seeing goodness and dates preparing for the ministry.

beauty wherever it is found; not I can never forget the words of his preachers of a civilization but of mother in whose home I stayed in Jesus, the Son of God and His America: "I have two boys and teachings; not merely as destroy- both are missionaries in India. My ers but as builders. Such men and heart is there. I love India and her women will accomplish a great deal people."

for the Master in India. In the I am reminded of another woman words of Bishop Bradley; "He who who is gloriously laboring for the would live in India must love deep- Master, a leader, an exemplary ly; he who would work here must character, and a skilful surgeon- toil patiently; he who would suc- taking young girls from the towns ceed here must do so humbly." and villages of India and molding We praise God for all that has them into women of character, been done for Christ in India vision and usefulness. These are a through the missionaries. Let this few of my many faithful servants be an incentive to remobilize our of the Cross who are proclaiming Christian forces and keep march- Christ to India's millions. We In- ing on until we have conquered all dians thank God for these lives.

the unoccupied territory and have The home Church, may well be established a strong indigenous faithful to these messengers who Indian Church. are obeying the last commandment As I write I think of those heroic of the Master Who said, "Go ye men and women who have gone into all the world and preach the out from America to witness for Gospel to every nation."

ON CHURCH UNION IN

T HE following manifesto on difference towards them. The exist- Church Union issued over the ence of denominations tends to retard signatures of nearly 170 lead- the growth of Christian experience ing Indian Christian clergy and and limit the scope of its expression laymen in India, will be read with in those ways of thought and life much interest: which are more normal to the peo- ple. The Indian has always stressed The divisions of Christendom have "Bhakti" and feels that through faith been a great stumbling block to many. in God his highe£t feelings can best They have stood in the way of the be expressed rather than through effective spread of the Gospel. In the dogma. A United Church, free from providence of God, South India has the bonds of the present separated de- been called to lead in the matter of nominations, will provide a congenial Church Union. Already some earnest atmosphere for the Indian expression men have spent considerable time and of Christianity.

toil in thinking over the problem and We have further to remember that a we pray and hope that as the result the United Church of South India of this toil definite step forward must form an integral part of the will be taken. Universal Church and whatever is of Even as early as 1892, Kali Charan abiding value in her must be con- Banerji, of Calcutta, urged in the De- served here.

cennial Missionary Conference, Bom- In the absence of any other scheme bay, that immediate steps should be and in view of the fact that the pres- taken for church union. There was ent scheme provides ample room for considerable opposition from mission- development and also the possibility aries at the conference and his at- of Union with other churches, we tempt fell through. urge our fellow Christians in South This urge for union has become India to accept the present scheme deeper and stronger with time as all as early as possible for further nego- over India in all the fields of life tiation. The present scheme, whether there is a marked longing to compose perfect or nllt, certainly affords a differences, such as those between dif- working basis and such changes as ferent communities. It is felt by all are felt to be absolutely necessary can that the attainment of unity is funda- be introduced.-National Missionary mental for India's progress. This de- InteZligencer, Madras.

sire vigorously expresses itself in the Indian Church as a movement for COMMISSIONED church union. It may also be said that the desire for union is in keeping Out from the realm of the glory-light with the snirit of tolerance of differ- Into the far-away land of night, ent forms- of belief that has been Out from the bliss of worshipful Son characteristic of the people of India. Into the pain of hatred and wrong, Further, Christians in India are free Out from the holy rapture above from those memories of historical Into the grief of rejected love, struggles which the Christians of the Out from the life of the Father's side west have inherited from their past. Into the death of the crucified, Out of high honour and into shame, The theological dogmas accepted by The Master willingly, gladly came: western Churche£ have not dominated And now, since He may not suffer anew, the Indian mind as they have not been As the Father sent Him, so sendeth He indigenous, and the attitude of the Indian Christian has been one of in- you. -Henry W. Frost, D.D.

100

NEXT STEPS IN HOME

Recommendations of the Home Missions Congress that Met in Washington, D. C., December 1-5, 1930 IN TOWN AND COUNTRY-Home We request the cooperation of Missions Boards should be urged to the Publication agencies, both de- make wider use, in rural home mis- nominational and interdenomina- sion fields, of college and seminary tional, on this important task in students for summer service, as a the field of religious education.

sound and effective method of re- We recommend that the South- cruiting for the rural ministry ern Mountain problem be consid- and other full-time Christian life ered as an integral part of the ru- service. ral problem, the difference being Theological seminaries and Bible in degree and not in kind.

schools, not now offering such op- Because of the rapid changing portunity, should be urged to pro- conditions which are bringing the vide in their curriculum courses modern world into the mountains for training pastors for rural with all the perplexing adjust- leadership. ments to be made, the need of the State Universities and agricul- Southern Mountains is more im- tural colleges should be encouraged portant and urgent today than ever to follow the example of the Uni- before. versity of California in inviting the pastors of the state to be the The principles of comity and co- guests of the university or college operation already r e cog n i zed for several days at the experimen- among the constituent boards of tal farm, for the purpose of becom- the Home Missions Council should ing better acquainted with the be especially observed in the ad- problems and needs of agriculture ministration of our mountain pro- and country life. gram and that steps be taken im- We request the Home Missions mediately to adjust the situations Council to consider the feasibility where such principles are not al- of preparing a report or statement, ready in operation.

in pamphlet form, for all denomi. The Home Missions Council nations, covering the spiritual, so- should again urge upon its constit- cial, educational and economic con- uent boards favorable considera- ditions obtaining in American tion of the larger parish type of country life, for use in seminary organization, both on a denomina- classes, discussion groups, schools tional and on an interdenomina- for town and country ministers, tional basis, as one practical meth- and in other chvrch groups con- od of solving the church situation cerned with the rural situation. in many rural fields.

Rural people find it very difficult We recommend that the Home to adapt the complex large-scale Missions Council add to its staff a system of religious education to person qualified for interdenomi· the small-scale churches, and are national service to town and coun- not receiving adequate assistance try churches, especially for denom- and guidance at this point. inations whose size and resources 101

do not warrant full-time rural life Resolved, That the purpose of departments and secretaries. the Home Missions Council and the VVhereas there are large areas Council of Women for Home Mis- of the country with tens of thou- sions to provide religious educa- sands of people whose spiritual tion directors in all government welfare is sadly neglected and for reservation and nonreservation whose Christian welfare no re- schools is hereby commended; that sponsibility is now assumed, we they be requested to work out a urgently request the Home Mis- suggested course of religious in- sions Council to use its services for struction for these schools; and furnishing ministry to such areas. that the boards represented in THE INDIANS-Our task is pre- these two Councils be asked to eminently spiritual-the bringing finance this cooperative piece of of every Indian into allegiance work.

with our Lord and Saviour for Resolved, That the question of worship and service in His King- overlapping and unreached areas dom, that with Christians of other be referred to the Joint Committee races they may interpret and ac- on Indian Work, and that all miscept the full meaning of His Lord- sion boards be urged to face courship in their' lives. ageously the steps necessary to consolidate the work on certain Those who work among Indians should be urged and aided to study fields, to reinforce that on others, their cultural, religious and eco- and to begin the new pieces of nomic background; their present status and future possibilities; and work needed. that they be equipped with at least a conversational knowledge of the THE NEGROES-This group of language of the tribes among Americans number twelve million whom they minister. souls. They have wrapped in them powers and possibilities which, if Conferences of mISSIOnaries wisely directed, will be numbered among Indians should be arranged, among America's most valued and bringing the various missionaries dependable assets in the years together for the better formulae ahead. tion of a comprehensive missionary program. To deny justice and fair play to an American because of color or As Christian workers, who seek race is as pagan as the caste dishis highest good, we should use tinctions of India are un-Christian.

our utmost endeavors to discour- The Church must take a proage all exploitation and commer- nounced stand on the question of cializing of the Indian as a curious fairness and justice to the Negro as an American citizen. Unless relic of barbarism. Resolved, That this Congress this step be taken it is now plainly cannot favor any permanent policy evident that the more intelligent of segregation for Indians. We Negro will lose confidence in the advocate the use of mission funds type of Christianity which Amerifor the training of promising In- can Protestantism seeks to prodian youths for Christian service mote.

in the various professions and call- We recommend that the Mission ings that demand higher educa- Boards continue to strengthen and tion. develop their colleges and second-

THE NEXT STEPS IN HOME MISSIONS

ary schools as needed for Negroes unitedly face the question as to how they can render assistance to in the South. Haiti. We note with deep regret that We call attention to the areas the young people who are in train- unoccupied by any evangelical ing in Negro colleges are not turning in large numbers to the gospel church in Cuba, the Dominican Reministry. While it requires more public, Haiti, and to a lesser extent than 1,600 new men annually to in Porto Rico. fill Negro pulpits, yet there are not more than 100 college and semi- We believe that the greatest need nary men annually graduated to of our evangelical schools in these fill these vacancies. Immediate countries is to shift their emphasis steps should be taken to get into from classical training to a curricthe thinking of our Negro young men the claims of the gospel min- ulum which will definitely train istry, its marvelous opportunities students to meet the great probfor the exercise of the best talents lems which are holding back the with which God has endowed them development of their countries. and the unparalleled openings for We register our profound conservice for Christ and humanity. viction concerning the necessity of THE WEST INDIES-It is a source a larger program for Christian literature in the West Indies, apof satisfaction to find that after pealing to each one of the Boards some thirty years of work in Cuba to definitely provide in their budgand Porto Rico the national ele- ets for this work, especially along ments have developed to such an cooperative lines which have alextent that Mission Boards are ready been established. now able to find their superintendents from among the national ele- OUR JEWISH AND CHRISTIAN REments from which come practically LATIONSHIps-The fact that there is a larger number of Jews in all the pastors of churches. Porto Rico has one of the best America than in any other land and that the pressure of secular cooperative missionary programs civilization has withdrawn the main any part of the world. It has jority of them from the religious been in operation for thirty years life of Judaism, creates a situation of great responsibility for all who and now includes a splendid Union are concerned with the spiritual- Theological Seminary, Union Press life of our people and especially for those who believe, as we do, and Union Paper, an annual con- that for the individual as well as ference of workers and, in fact, a for the nation, Christ holds the continued working together of keys of life. evangelical forces along all lines. The development of cooperation in We desire to put on record our Cuba is an essential need of the goodwill and friendly feeling towork in making Cuba Christian. ward the Jewish people; we de- Now that the Haitian people plore the long record of injustice are about to assume the whole re- and ill-usage of the Jews on the sponsibility for developing them- part of professedly Christian peoselves educationally, economically, pIe; we declare such conduct to be socially, as well as politically, it a violation of the teaching and seems to be of special importance spirit of Christ. It is Our privi. that the evangelical forces should lege to present Christ to our Jew-

ish brethren and to share with We are convinced that there is them the riches which we have an overwhelming need for Social found in Him Who loved us and Service Centres, as well as for suitgave Himself for us. We reaffirm ably equipped churches, with adethe declaration of the Jerusalem quately trained leadership, and in meeting in its application to the some cases Mission Schools among Jew as to all men: "In this world, the Mexicans, and a vast field for bewildered and groping for its work among the Migrant Groups. way . . . we proclaim our message. Our message is Jesus We recommend that our Home Christ." The aim of the Church Agencies make a careful reevaluamust be to interpret Christ to the tion of the various projects com- Jew in all the splendor of His char- posing the Home Mission task with acter, His teaching, and His work. the view of adjusting budget ap- But this involves not only words propriations in a way that will but the whole life. more adequately meet the challenge in Mexican and Spanish-speaking In this realm of relations be- work.

tween Jews and Christians we rec- Since race prejudice is the great- est obstacle to our Home Mission ognize the need and importance of work and very seriously retards our efforts to evangelize the Spana new literature to interpret the ish-speaking peoples in our midst, we most urgently call upon our Jewish people and their religion American churches to manifest a greater Christian spirit in their to Christians and Christ and Chris- personal contacts with the Mexi- can immigrant. tianity to the Jews. Such litera- Migrant Groups. We recommend ture must be positive, scholarly, a larger Interdenominational Coand mellowed by the spirit of sym- operation with special emphasis pathetic understanding. We rec- upon Promotional work through ommend that the Home Missions the various Boards to local denomi- Council endeavor to secure the co- national units, such as local supoperation of related agencies in port of migrant projects through the production and circulation of evangelistic effort, housing and sosuch literature. cial contacts for workers and vol- unteer service. THE MEXICANS, MIGRANTS AND ORIENTALS – Among the foreign- We recommend federal, state speaking peoples within the bor- and community cooperation in ders of this country the Mexicans service through boards of health, and Spanish-speaking p e 0 pIe s education, labor, agriculture and stand among the first as constitut- other existing organizations. ing the outstanding challenge and opportunity for Home Mission We suggest that special atten- Work. Mexicans are best reached tion be given to the health, housby those types of work which have ing and sanitation of these migrant proved successful in evangelization groups seeking to improve said of other races, and the results of conditions. We suggest a survey such work are truly surprising as of employment agencies with a seen in the 375 Mexican Evangeli- view to securing the establishment cal churches in the. United States, with more than 26,000 members whose total offerings exceed $150,- 000 annually.

of federal agencies for the em- munities are without the regular ployment of the groups with local preaching of the gospel. Colpor- cooperation with said agencies. teurs and Sunday-school mission- We heartily endorse the ideals of aries should be sent into the un- the recent White House Conference churched regions of Mormondom relative to migratory child labor with a loving, Gospel message.

and education. We recommend that the denomi- Orientals. There is need of a national superintendents in Utah nation-wide program for Christian be constituted a steering commit- contacts with Chinese, Japanese tee to formulate plans and policies and Filipinos as well organized to be presented to the Home Mis- and effectively carried on as that sion Boards interested in Utah.

on the Pacific Coast where the Christian academies now operat- councils of superintendents have ing in Utah should be permanently attained a very successful coopera- maintained and a d e qua; tel y tion and a fairly adequate cover- equipped for the Christian train- ing of the field. ing of both Gentile and Mormon In our judgment the denomina- young people.

tional boards may well continue FOR ALASKA – We recommend their separate work in centers of that the Joint Committee on Alaska large Oriental population while in of the Home Missions Council and smaller centers the responsibility the Council of Women for Home might well be allocated to a single Missions be instructed to complete board but the large number of its study of the unreached and widely scattered small groups neglected portions of Alaska with could wisely be cared for by a cen- a view to assigning to mission tral unified administration employ- boards now operating in Alaska ing a traveling evangelist. responsibility for such areas.

It is our strong conviction that We recommend the tentative the discriminatory legislation in plans of the Joint Committee to our Immigration Law, which is a hold several conferences with great hindrance to our Christian Christian workers in Alaska next work and an obstacle to interna- summer and we express the hope tional peace, be changed so that that these conferences may result equal and just treatment be ex- in a better understanding of the tended to all the peoples of the work and a fresh approach to- world. We respectfully request ward the evangelization of the that Congress give this matter im- whole territory.

mediate and sympathetic consid- Having learned that there is eration. danger that large commercial in- MORMONISM TODAY-The Protes- terests may secure virtual control tant Church should recognize that of the reindeer herds of Alaska, it has a very definite responsibility thereby depriving the Eskimos of within Mormon territory. It is their economic independence, and twofold-to care for the growing of the cultural and salutary effects Gentile constituency and to preach of native ownership, we urge the the gospel to the Mormon people. Federal Government to take every Seven large counties in Utah re- possible step to protect these de- main without a single Protestant fenseless natives in the ownership church and several hundred com- of the deer,

NEED OF THE CHURCH

BY THE REV. CHARLES L. GOODELL, D.D., New York EzeouUve Secretary of the OommUS1011. on Evangelism a.nd Life Servioe. Fe4era~ Council at Ohurches at Ohri.t in America I F ONE were sailing leisurely you call it, is the mightiest thing over a smooth sea, resting at in moving human life and effort. his ease in a cushioned deck But if the pulpit has ceased to chair on the deck of the Corsair, dwell upon sin, its place has been or amid the elegance of any other taken by other agencies which one multi-millionaire's yacht, and some would think might be less seriously ocean steamer should come along concerned. Scientists have been and the Captain cry frantically, showing us that sin is an ancient "Dive into the sea and we will pick heritage which must be fought by you up I" one would probably an- tooth and nail. 0 n e so-called swer, "Thank you, but I am very "modernist" has affirmed t hat comfortable where I am, and see "novelists have written no great no reason to risk life or limb or novel that does not swirl around clothes in such an episode." If, on some central sin." And now the the other hand, you had been drift- psychologists dig down into the ing for days clinging to a slippery unremembered thoughts of men to mast, famished and thirsty, likely bring into the light the origins of to drop at any moment into the our spiritual miseries in frustrated buffeting sea, you would use every and suppressed desire. power of your feeble breath to We do not need artificially to claim attention of the passing ship conjure up a sense of sin. All we that you might yet be saved. need is to open our eyes to facts.

If, as some tell us, the sense of Since sin is the most ubiquitous sin as well as the fact of it, has thing in the universe and has lost disappeared, and sin itself is only none of its power or venom since righteousness in the making; that Cain saw it crouching like a wild good men are not as good as they heast at his door; since Oedipus think they are, and the bad men and Samson realized the ruin it are not as bad as they might be, wrought, and since the last man there seems little reason why one who sinned against "the nature of should concern himself about Him things," which is another name for of whom it was said, "His name God, cried out, "Oh wretched man shall be called Jesus for He shall that I am, who shall deliver me save His people from their sins." from the body of this death," it Were the old affirmations which would rather look as though the were thundered from the pulpits biggest thing with w h i c h the in our boyhood false alarms? We Church could concern itself would do not hear as much as we once did be the eradication of this terrific from our preachers concerning the catastrophe and the salvation of dread reality of sin. Indeed, Mat- those who are its victims.

thew Arnold years ago took Emer- Men are not satisfied with platison to task because he paid little tudes. Cold theologies are not attention to that great fact in hu- enough. Jesus said, "The words man life, which, by whatever name that I speak unto you, they are 106 spirit and they are life." And it The first thing is to have some re- is for that Spirit and Life that ligion that can be applied. It is people are waiting. the changed heart that makes the In his latest book, "Pathways to changed life. It is the life from Certainty," Professor Will i a m above which transforms the life Adams Brown has a chapter on which is "of the earth earthy," and "The Christian Way of Dealing makes it something divine and With Sin." He says, "By its suc- mighty for good. This is the mes- cess in dealing with evil every re- sage which must go forth from the ligion must in the last analysis be pulpit. There are many things judged. The great religions have which ministers are discussing to- been religions of redemption. It day which are interesting from a is in the cross that Christians of speculative standpoint but there is every age have found the ground nothing at the end of them. The of their brightest hope, for in the preacher marches up the hill and cross they have seen God dealing the n marches down again, but with evil and overcoming it." there is no victory. There is no The Evangel of Christ thrilling sense of spiritual tri- umph. There is no awakening of The Evangel of the Son of God such impulses as moved out from has long been proclaimed to the the day of Pentecost until the world. It is the Good News of whole world felt their power and salvation from sin and, as good Rome itself gave way before a news, it is as true now as it ever force which she did not understand was. It is a comfort to know that and which she could not overthrow.

amid all human mutations there We have been talking abo u t are great abiding facts and experi- truth but in academic fashion. The ences which never change. Over only kind of truth that amounts to against a religion that some men anything is truth which lays hold strive night and day to bring "up- upon the soul. That is something to-date," there is another Religion more than a speCUlation. It is a that is as changeless as its Author, certainty and the world today is Who is "the same yesterday, today seeking religious certainty. When and forever." The same power the man who knows most does the that conquered sin in Cresar's time least, every sensible man says that, conquers it now. The evangelism if necessary, he would better know for to day is the evangelism of less and do more. Because we have Jesus Christ that bears fruit in not made truth evangelistic, be- changed lives. Those persistent cause life is not struck through convictions which have recurred and dripping with spiritual power, from age to age mark its evangel we are lamenting the dearth of as a vital experience. conversions in America, the pau- We need to realize that the city of both numerical and spir- w 0 r d Evangelism connotes some- itual results. W hat is true in t h i n g more than an emotional America is true around the world.

experience. Home training, Chris- It is only where the missionary ac- tian education-all that help make cent is thrilling with the same character-are a part of evangel- power that the first missionaries ism. knew that dark continents are en- We talk about "applied religion." lightened and darkened souls be-

hold Him Who is the Light of the to face the cares and denials and world. When it comes to mystic sorrows of life and to conquer them speculation, the religionists of the through a wisdom and power East are more than our match. In greater than their own. The res- the midst of fears and question- thetic may minister to the sense of ings which f air 1y stagger the beauty, but it ministers to the world, shall we fail to bring forth soul's development only when it is that blessed evangel of light and the shrine and mouthpiece of life which Jesus said would meet spiritual consecration.

every human need and overthrow Perhaps there was never a time evils which had smitten the world when the ministry of America had for ages with a blasting force? a broader training in human wis- The Message of the Pulpit dom. It is familiar with history, philosophy and theology; but our We must recast the message of schools of the prophets must be the pulpit, and recast the life of the center of a spiritual devotion the churches, if we are to lead our if they are to make mighty the generation up to God. In the last messages of human wisdom. Our few months, I have seen a score of ministers must he something other churches whose cost was in the t han "pickers~up of philosophic aggregate more than a million dol- trifles," or expert promoters and lars each. What is the value of organizers and money getters. Is ecclesiastical architecture if there it not time for the prophetic note is within it no Shekinah, if the fires which only can unfold the glorious upon those altars have gone out evangel?

and men stand shivering in doubt Long ago an earnest prophet and fear, whereas, by humbler al- cried, "Woe is me for I am undone, tars, their fathers glowed with because I am a man of unclean warmth in the triumphs of faith? lips, and dwell in the midst of a When marble stands in the way of people of unclean lips; for mine men, the marble must go. When eyes have seen the King, the Lord form has become powerless, forms of Hosts." When the prophet had must go to the scrap heap. seen that vision something was We pass across England, we see sure to happen. It was then that the ruin of a stately cathedral. Its there came the touch of a live coal towers are crumbling, its roof has from off the altar and the voice fallen in, its walls are mossgrown, of the Lord saying, "Whom shall and its rose window is emptied I send, and who will go for us 1"

of beauty and color. Near by is It would mean the bringing in of a humble chapel. Its structure a new day if from every manse breaks all the laws of architecture and from every pulpit the cry of and, as a building, it ministers to a new devotion should thrill the resthetic mortification instead of lips of every pastor-"Here am I, satisfaction, but on its homely send me." It is such a commit- altars spiritual fires are ablaze; ment on the part of the ministry humble men and women on their and laity that will bring us the knees catch there a new inspira- glorious evangel which the Church tion and from thence they go out so needs today.

PREVENTIONaTHROUGH

AND RELIGIOUS..EDUCATION The Church League, an interchurch than six times the total sum given and international organization with by all churches. headquarters in New York has issued a pronouncement which deals with Lack of Religious Training such a vital subject and contains such Many judges, prison wardens, interesting inf'ormation that we pub- chaplains and others in close touch lish it herewith.-A. J. B. with delinquents and criminals de- Cost of Crime clare that the vast bulk of crime is committed by young men whose C RIME steals 6V2% of the en- home influences have not been tire income of every Ameri- helpful or whose moral and reli- can. "The total annual in- gious training has been neglected.

come of the American people is Of 34 millions of youth in America ninety billion dollars, and a very between five and eighteen years of conservative estimate of the an- age, only about one-half are now nual cost of crime is six billion receiving religious training, either dollars," writes Vincent Cullen, Catholic, Protestant or Jewish.

Vice-President of the National This is a seed-plot of enormous Surety Co., New York. "Half of proportions out of which criminals this $6,000,000,000 annual crime may naturally develop.

waste," says Mr. Cullen, "is lost In a study of this situation, the through theft, burglary, larceny, General Committee of the Church stock frauds, credit frauds, mer- League, decided to appoint a cantile frauds, insurance frauds National Commission on Crime and a thousand and one other Prevention Through Moral and swindles and confidence games. Religious Education. It is not in- The other half is paid in taxes for tended that this Commission should the prevention, prosecution and duplicate any work being done by punishment of crime, including po- other agencies but to supplement lice, prisons, courts, district at- and cooperate with them. The torneys, sheriffs. This anti-crime primary purpose is to enlist and taxation in New York City alone use more fully the religious forces is $60,000,000.00 a year." The in building moral character and enormity of these losses can be thus prevent youth from evil as better understood in contrast with well as criminal careers. Building other costs. The churches of moral character among all youth is America contribute to all purposes the controlling objective. Not only less than one billion dollars an- the prevalence of youthful delin- nually. Public school education quency and crime but all low moral costs just over two billions a year. standards of thought and conduct The budget of the Federal Govern- constitute a challenge to religion.

ment is about four billions of dol- And vital religion must accept the lars. Crime costs as much as the challenge.

public school system and the Fed- After a preliminary study of the eral budget combined, and more situation, this Commission on 109

Crime Prevention presents the fol- it would probably be the most sig- lowing constructive policy and pro- nificant thing accomplished during gram as important steps in meet- that period.

ing this national need and peril. II. Character Education in the I. Religious Education Should Public Schools Should be Encour- Supplement All Public School Edu- aged in every way possible. In cation. As it is not the function Australia there is systematic moral of the State to teach morals and instruction of a non-sectarian religion, and since a knowledge of character given in the public both is essential to the State as schools with the approval of the well as to the home and to the in- various groups, Catholic, Protes- dividual, the different moral and tant and Jewish. It is likely that religious agencies should take steps much more of this can be done in to supplement public school educa- this country than has yet been tion with moral and religious edu- wrought out in actual practice.

cation. Many communities have One of the purposes of this Com- already proved this to be practical, mission is to study with experi- and it should be made universal. enced educators how this can best Public school education is now be done.

costing about $100 per pupil per III. Education of Parents and year. In many communities a sys- Prospective Parents ShOUld be tem of week-day religious educa- Seriously Undertaken to help them tion is now being provided at a cost in the training of their chiidren.

of not over $5.00 per pupil per This should be a regular feature year. It is easily within the power of the program of religious educa- of religious groups to provide such tion in each community. Special education for all youth of the na- immediate influences should also tion. .There are over twenty-four be brought to bear upon all homes millions of pupils enrolled in our from which retarded or delinquent public schools. Even if as many children come. Properly con- as twenty millions of them could ducted work of this type has al- be led to elect religious education ready proved highly successful in in any single year at an average many communities and should be cost of $5.00 per pupil per year, made universal. Special training this would be an annual total cost should be given to workers in this of only one hundred million dol- field.

lars. Religious groups are now IV. Extend Supervised Play and giving nearly ten times this sum Recreation Privileges to All Youth, annually to their present work. Under Trained Leaders. The Weare persuaded that they can churches are only beginning to ap- be led to add from five to ten per preciate the moral value of directed cent to their present gifts in order play and recreation under leaders to provide the youth of the nation of high character and moral pur- with this absolutely essential ele- pose. Play is a universal instinct.

ment in comprehensive education. It is an invaluable outlet for youth- It will require a nation-wide awak- ful energies. It should also be ening to bring this about, but it used to bring boys and girls into should be undertaken seriously. natural friendly personal fellow- Even if it requires ten years to get ship with young men and women the plan into universal operation, whose influence can be of the

1931J CRIME PREVENTION THROUGH RELIGIOUS EDUCATION

greatest value in shaping ideals an expanding program of week- and helping to make personal ad- day religious instruction, the Sun- justments. Through an organized day-schools should become still "youth movement," an effort should more powerful forces than they be made to enlist and train an have ever been in the past, in the army of perhaps one million of the interpretation to youth of the deep- best young men and women of the est problems and possibilities of nation to provide this essential life. The leaders of the Sunday- volunteer leadership and super- school m 0 v e men t deserve and vision to younger boys and girls. should have the fullest possible This should include leaders for Boy sympathy and cooperation of all and Girl Scout Troops, boys and who are concerned in a program of girls clubs of all kinds, as well as universal religious education.

all kinds of public recreation. It should also include tens of thou- Working Program of the Commission sands of Sunday-school teachers As a practical means toward who prepare themselves to give reaching these objectives, the Comtheir classes leadership in recrea- mission adopts the following Worktion and play, as well as in reli- ing Program: gious education. These two features of leadership should be combined 1. To invite every national reliwherever possible. Many thou- gious denomination, Catholic, sands of churches should add play Jewish and Protestant, to apand recreation facilities to their point a Cooperating Committee present equipment. Leaders of the to work with this Commission, Playground and Recreation Associ- and name one of its own memation of America are prepared to bers as a full member of the give expert counsel and training to Commission, in cases where large numbers of persons willing they have a membership of 50,- to qualify for leadership in these 000 or more; otherwise a "Corfields. responding Member."

2. To invite the fullest help of all Support to Sunday·Schools and the these Cooperating Committees: Sunday-School Agencies (1) in improving the general policy outlined in this "Pro- In addition to the foregoing ob- nouncement," (2) in securing jectives, the Commission would the adoption of the policy by its lend its largest support to the own organization, and (3) in churches and their agencies for putting the policy into practical religious education. The Sunday- operation in every community.

schools of America have rendered 3. To prepare a series of brief, a service too vast to be measured. condensed, convenient manuals They deserve far more generous of information and suggested support than they have yet re- method, covering each of the ceived. In view of the fact that at four main features of the policy.

least three-fourths of the entire 4. To build up gradually a strong church membership has come from national committee of experi- the Sunday-schools, these agencies enced men and women on each deserve the best thought of all one of the four features of the leaders as to how they can be made program, who will be ready to most attractive and effective. With represent the Commission and

its program in every state and every American youth re- in local meetings of all kinds. ceiving moral and religious 5. To build up an Associate Mem- training and to study care- bership of the Commission con- fully each of the four sisting of some hundreds of features of the program of men and women, competent and the Commission in its pos- willing to lend their personal sible application to the services to reaching the objec- local community.

tives in mind. (6) to keep sending an increas- 6. To invite all churches, pastors, ing stream of information associations and religious fed- to the Commission headerations or associations in each quarters showing how vital community in the United States religious teaching pro – to cooperate with the Commis- foundly affects hum a n sion, ideals, convictions, c h a r – acter and daily conduct, (1) by making a survey of their that this information may own community to discover be made available to the and locate all youth not largest possible number of having moral and religious people. instruction and make plans to reach them in some way. The Commission on Crime Pre- (2) to take suitable advantage vention Through Moral and Reli- of all the literature, speak- gious Education believes that much ers and other helps made can be done to carry into practical available by the Commis- effect the above policy and pro- sion, gram. The rapidity with which it (3) to be a fact-finding and re- can be done must depend largely porting agency for the upon the cooperation of the most Commission to report prog- devoted and competent men and ress made and methods women of aU religious faiths in found most useful. each community, as well as upon (4) to work with juvenile the amount of funds made avail- courts, visiting teachers, able for the promotion of the work.

delinquency officers and What is needed is a detailed and others in bringing moral continuous study of the entire sit- and religious influences to uation, together with a national bear upon all retarded and campaign of education and direc- delinquent children and tion, through a period of years, also in helping their par- with the clear objective of making ents in every way possible moral and religious education uni- in the wisest handling of versal among the youth.

their children. The "Man- No educational institution has uals" to be prepared will ever been able to deal with stu- include information and dents by the million. But here is suggestions on this vitally an educational process that can do important phase of the so. This Commission feels that it work. would be difficult to conceive of a (5) to cooperate with the na- greater service than this to be tional commission in reach- rendered, either to youth or to ing its main objective of America or to God.

GOSPEL TEAM IN SIAM*

T HE Burmese Gospel Tea m what appeared an impossible road first met with suspicion and straight through the jungle. This dislike because the y came brought them finally to Pitsanu- from Siam's hereditary en em y 10k, 350 miles north of Bangkok.

across the mountains. The Gospel A Testimony from Siam Team, however, soon allayed ill- will and made its way into the One of the young missionaries at hearts of all races alike. They had Bangkok Christian College gives a come to conquer by love. picture of campaign methods in a How came the Gospel Team to go round-robin to America. so far afield as Siam which, though "The Burma students were very a neighbor on the map, is separated from Burma by high moun- successful in their campaign at the tains with no good road between? Bangkok Christian College and At the All-India Student Confer- other schools. Their campaign was ence, which met in Madras in De- based on a complete surrender of cember, 1928, the party of students one's self, with but one dominant from Burma (more than 30) felt desire, a life in Christ. These boys like foreigners. No place had been were visible proof that their plan given on the program to problems works and they have stirred up the arising from Buddhism and other Siamese people as no other evanconditions in Burma. Dr. John R. gelist has done. Matt suggested that the Baptist students of Burma get in touch "Their campaign plan is like with those of Siam, a land of sim- this: First a meeting to make ilar races and religion, and ar- friends with the students. Then ranged with the American Presby- two days spent mostly in a study terian Mission in that country to receive a group sent from Burma of one of the Gospels, the school for that purpose. divided up into classes taught by different members of the team. Following this plan, one hot There was time also for songs, morning toward the end of April, games, pageants, all these things saw a group of eleven set forth, working up to a decision meeting five Burmans, four Karens and two at the end of the second day. missionaries, Mr. Dyer and Dr. Where full cooperation was given Marshall. One of the Karens had them, the results in conversions lived many years in Siam and by his knowledge of the language and were a matter of satisfaction and customs he was able to smooth out there is also an influence for good many of the difficulties of travel in that will last for years even with a foreign country. those who have not yet given them- selves to Christ. As a result of A motor took them to the border, their visit old fires have been rethen came three days of hiking kindled within missionaries and eighty miles over the mountains; older Christians, and we pray that then another 100 miles by bus over this fire will never go out."

The team held meetings in four m iss ion stations, Pitsanulok, Bangkok, Nakom Pathom, and *F'rotll '1'118 BUrma Baptist Bulletin. Chiengmai. At the last two named 3 113

places, the Karen members of the carriers and so had to sleep withteam were glad to look up their out food or bedding. Karen brethren who are scattered throughout Siam and among whom The greatest achievement of the the Karens of Burma are doing trip was the second campaign car- ried on by Peter and John (one Christian work. might imagine himself back in At Bangkok Christian College Apostolic times!) in the large girls' school of Wattana Withyya they spent a week and although the in Bangkok. These two young men missionaries in charge had little returned to Bangkok and gathered faith that anything could be ac- together a group picked from the complished among the Buddhist Bible School and the Siamese students, they were happily sur- church in Bangkok, twenty-two in prised by having 40 boys decide for all. They gave a day's intensive Christ. A missionary member of training and with much prayer and the staff wrote: "We can never ex- some misgiving started off for a press our gratitude for all the good two-days' campaign in the school. you were able to do here at the Much to their joy thirty girls from college and in Bangkok as a whole. Buddhist homes decided for Christ, You will be happy to hear that last while another group of twenty was Sunday three of our finest boys made public confession and were formed into a class for further inbaptized, the first fruits of your struction. Some of these were work. There's no doubt they have later baptized. . seen the vision and experienced a change of heart." The marvel of this second cam- paign was that it was carried From Bangkok the team jour- through entirely by these two neyed northward 600 miles, 25 young theologues without missionhours by train, toChiengmai, the ary leadership. capital of the north, where the American Presbyterian Mission From many words of appreciahas a large work. Here they also had a successful campaign espe- tion there is only space to cull from cially at the large girls' school, two. Dr. Clark, senior missionary Dara Academy, where fullest coop- at Nakom Pathom, wrote in Auperation was obtained. At the eve- gust, three months after the visit, ning meetings at the church in "The effects of your visit are town, from seven to eight hundred stronger than ever in the aroused were in attendance nightly. desire of our folk to accomplish something war t h while in the The rains had already begun be- Kingdom of Christ." fore they left and in spite of remonstrances that it would be im- Another testimony came in a letpossible to return over the moun- ter written by a Karen in Chiengtains at that season, the team maio He says-HI feel as if I had started on their 140 mile hike to been sifted and obtained great Papun in eastern Burma. help. This group has gone away but if you go on the roads of For ten days they tramped over Chiengmai, you will hear the songs the hills-"-four of these days walk- which they taught sung by everying in the bed of jungle streams for. there was no road. One night one, Siamese, Chinese, Shans, Inthey were separated from their dians and Karens. We find groups of people talking about them and asking who were these people."

A MISSIONARY JOURNEY IN

BY REV. STEFANO L. TESTA, Brooklyn, N. Y.

O N MY recent journey to Italy, forms of worship and the most my aim was to see whether democratic government. Non-li- Protestant mission work turgical churches make a greater was possible under Fascist laws, appeal to the Italians who leave especially after the Concordat with the gorgeous services of the Ro- the Vatican. This Concordat re- man Catholic Church. In Rome I affirms the first article of the Con- visited a great congregation of stitution, that the Catholic Church Pentecostalists, packed in an ill- is the State Church and holds a ventilated sub-cellar, like a cata- position of privilege, because of its comb excavated under a building.

preponderance. But the non-Cath- Seven baptisms took place that olic cults are now admitted into night. One of the converts was an the state and are officially recog- engineer who last year rebuilt the nized as on equal footing before campanile of the Catholic Church the law. of St. Lorenzo and collected the Though the Catholic Church in money for the work among his Italy has acquired new impetus friends. Some congregations in and increased prestige because of Sicily march to the brook near the Conciliation, the Protestants their towns, singing hymns, to also now have legal standing and baptize their new converts.

religious liberty. Clericals com- One of the remarkable things I plain that too much liberty has noted was the small number of been granted the Protestants. Italians who attend mass. Roman The Government now gives of- Catholics in America attend their ficial authorization to regularly churches in greater numbers than ordained Protestant ministers who Italians in Italy. Even in St.

are Italian citizens and who are Peter's Cathedral in Rome, I saw recommended by the Boards of a priest saying mass with only five their denominations, and they are people present. In Palermo, on recognized as officers of the State Pentecost Sunday, at 9 A. M., I when they celebrate marriages. entered the Catholic Church of The Judge in the Ministry of Jus- Santi Zita, and there was only one tice, who has to do with the giving woman attending, the janitress.

of these authorizations, is a Prot- At 10 A. M. I entered a Greek Or- estant, an elder in the Waldensian thodox church, where there were Church in Rome. twelve ecclesiastics chanting mass, AU the Protestant churches are with only fifteen people in attend- progressing, though against tre- ance, including children.

mendous odds with the very mea- At the Protestant Waldensian ger means at their disposal, and church that same day at 11 A. M., opposed at every turn by the there were 200 people present and Roman hierarchy, which is sup- at 12: 15 in the Evangelical Prot- ported by the State. The most estant chureh over 100 were pres- active and enthusiastic Protestants ent, and eleven new members are those having the simplest joined the church.

115

In Rome a remarkable union cannot be induced to read the Bible service was held on July 20th in itself for fear of the church. So the largest Protestant church in we printed a series of religious the city, the Kennedy Memorial. "letters" or messages, the words of The vast temple was filled to the which were taken entirely from doors. I was told that the services the Bible. The titles are: were always crowded since the new A Message From Jesus Christ to laws. You.

The Roman Hierarchy does its A Message From Saint Peter.

best to encourage its people to at- A Message From Saint Paul. tend their services and promises A Message From Saint John. many indulgences for the faithful. Life and Words of the Virgin Mary.

Many churches have an inscription Forty-five thousand of these on the front door that anyone en- messages were printed and .distering will receive a plenary iIidul- tributed throughout Italy in a few gence and an indulgence of one weeks. These messages were sent hundred days is promised to any free to anyone who requested one kissing a certain image. them, to be handed or mailed to By the aid of the Rev. Lorenzo relatives and friends. Each reader Palmieri, of Bari, who wrote the in turn becomes a "Messenger of booklet, "One Hundred Questions Christ" or a voluntary "letter car- on Romanism," 5,300 copies of the rier" to continue and enlarge the booklet have been mailed to Gov- chain. Religious papers and Evan- ernment officials in Italy. The gelical ministers hailed the novel booklet shows where the Evangel- idea. The agent of the Scotch icals agree and where we differ Bible Society in Rome requested from the doctrinal positions of the 5000 copies of the "Message from Roman Catholic Church. As Mr. Jesus Christ to You," to be distrib- Palmieri is well known and well uted by colporteurs as the best in- connected in Fascist circles, he troduction and foretaste of the mailed the book to all the prefects Bible. Even a Roman Catholic of the kingdom, police commission- priest, president of the Sacred ers, federal secretaries, judges and Heart Society, sent an urgent re- magistrates, to the mayors of many quest for 2000 copies of the "Mes- cities and towns, and even to the sage from Jesus Christ," "for dis- daughter of Mussolini, Countess tribution among the victims of the Ciano. Few of the booklets were earthquake in the province of Avel- refused. Many even asked for a lino, who had lost all in that dire Bible, and some were soundly con- catastrophe, and to whom the com- verted and united with Evangel- forting words of Jesus Christ ical churches. . would be a heavenly balm."

We IlRde a discovery in Italy Some sent for the entire New this summer-that the Roman Testament, a few requesting the Catholics in general, and Italians Catholic version. This has proven in particular, will read the Word the most practical and successful of God in letter form, when ad- method of propagating the Word dressed to them even when they of God among the people.

PROTESTANTISM IN

BY THE REV. PROFESSOR C. THEODORE BENZE, Mt. Airy Seminary, Phila.

T HE July number of the Zeit- not yet been reached by the Chris- schrift fuer Missionswissen- tian message in any form. The schaff contains an informing lower populace is held in superstiarticle on this subject by the Rev. tion, and the Negroes especially R. Becker, Rio Grande do SuI, from have not freed themselves from which we quote the following facts. their African habits. The edu- When Pedro Alvares Cabral dis- cated people belong either to the covered Brazil, April 22, 1500, the Free Maso~s who oppose the Ro- Roman Catholic Church began its man Cathohc Church, or to French missionary work in the newly Positivism, or believe in spiritism.

found land. The first mass was This means that the Roman Cathread immediately upon his landing. olic Church has only a superficial The first Jesuits arrived in 1549 hold on the people. The priests are recruited from and devoted themselves primarily foreign countries, principally Holto missions among the Indians. land, Italy, Germany and Spain. There is one priest for every 50,- The following year the first bishop 000 inhabitants. In the northern part 11 dioceses have no seminary set sail for Bexrearzciil~' ebhuitshfeunwcatsionnos.t for the training of priests. One destined to seminary had to be closed because there ~ere no students;. in one His ship was wrecked on the north- large dIOcese only one prIest was ern coast and the bishop and others who had reached the shore were slain (and the legend says, eaten up) by the Indians. .

Brazil is usually considered a ordained in 1926. The Luso-Bra- Roman Catholic country. But in zilian element furnishes very few 1891 the constitution of the Re- priests. Out of 307 priests in the public effected a separation be- archdiocese of St. Paulo, 216 were tween Church and State, intro- foreigners and only 91 natives.

duced civilian marriage, and In recent years the competition banished religion from the public of the Protestants has caused the schools. However, in some of the older Church to exert itself more states the founding of new sees was actively. Protestantism exists in aided by state monies. In 1929, Brazil in two large groups, Ger- the President of the State of Minas man and Anglo-Saxon, the latter Geraes permitted religious instruc- mainly American. tion three times a week for fifty German Protestantism did not minutes a period, and only when come through missions for the Protestants objected was the de- greater part, until the era of Ger- cree extended to include non-Cath- man home missions began. The imolics. Other such instances might perial Government since 1824 perbe mentioned. mitted the entry of evangelical immigrants and even paid the sal- Of the 40,000,000 inhabitants, ary of the first ministers until 30,000,000 are counted as Roman some Germans in Rio Grande do Catholics; but in the interior there SuI got mixed up in the political are thousands of Indians who have 117

controversies which lasted from tavus Adolphus Society, and 70 1835-1845. But the Government women's societies. A beginning allowed the German Evangelical has been made in young people's congregations to enjoy the fullest work and in missions among the liberty in establishing and main- Indians. taining their congregations, except The Evangelischer Gemeindever- that these churches were not al- band, working in Santa Catarina, lowed to have steeples or bells. the Evangelical Lutheran Synod During the century that has extending over Santa Catarina, passed since the arrival of the first Parana, Sao Paulo and Espirito Germans, an extensive German Santo, and the Synod of Central Evangelical Church activity has Brazil, which is scattered over S. taken place, particularly in the Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Ger- southern states of Rio Grande do aes and Espirito Santo, are all SuI, Santa Catarina and Parana, much smaller and not so well or- where the Germans are most nu- ganized.

merously settled. But there are also Of these three, the first has 17 many German Protestants in the pastors, 102 congregations and States of S., Paulo, Minas Geraes 8,128' members. The last (Central and Espirito Santo. The latter Brazil) has 15 pastors. The Luhave increased greatly since the theran Synod in 1928 had 33 paspost-war days. There are also tors, 92 congregations formally German congregations in the coast connected and 2 cooperating, 6,899 cities from Rio de Janeiro up to voting members, and 40,781 souls. Bahia and Pernambuco (Recife). For synodical expenses it raised At present most of these con- 3,402 milreis. The rest was congregations are connected with four tributed by the Lutheran Gotteslarge organizations. The largest kasten and the State Church of of these is the Rio Grande Synod Bavaria. These contributions durin Rio Grande do SuI. It was ing the last three years amounted founded in 1886, has 90 pastors, to 101,158,000 milreis. From this 25,000 families, and 148,000 souls it can be seen that this Synod is in all. It is the only one of the itself a mission church and still German synods that has a theo- largely dependent upon contribu- logical seminary of its own; but tions from the homeland. The the training is not complete and four synods together are composed the candidates have to finish in of 270,000 members served by 155 Stettin. It owns a pension fund ministers and assistants.

of 109,000 milreis, and the congre- These synods have their own gations raised 40,000 milreis (1 pUblication houses which publish milreis this year equals 121;2 cents) monthly, weekly and daily papers, for the expenses of the Synod in as well as a number of parish pa- 1928. Since 1922, following the pers and a widely circulated church example of the Missouri Synod, almanac. As a matter of fact this they are divided into 10 districts. church work largely resembles They also maintain a teachers' what we are accustomed to call training school (the only one of its Home Missions; but they themkind in all Brazil), an orphanage, selves. are not doing very much as a home for the aged, a girls' high yet for Foreign Missions. school, a teachers' union, a Gus- The Anglo-Saxon churches have

PROTESTANTISM IN BRAZIL

developed a different aspect. Like at self-support, and a closer union the Germans, they began with Eng- among the several Protestant de- lish and American immigration. nominations. There is a Union The new-comers in Rio and other Theological Seminary at Rio de port cities soon united in congre- Janeiro. Several of the larger de- gations of their own faith. But nominations also conduct their own their pastors, as soon as they had training schools for ministers.

mastered the language of the coun- Each of the denominations runs a try, began to work among the theological seminary, maintains Brazilians. Thus notable mission- various schools and conducts spe- ary beginnings were made by the cial courses for the training of Presbyterian minister, Simonton helpers of all kinds. While the Ro- and the Baptist Bagby, who were man Church has never succeeded soon followed by others equally in gaining enough natiyes for its zealous. priesthood, the American Protes- The first Protestant congrega- tants have never had any difficulty tion-not to mention ear lie r in this line and the majority of preaching efforts by the Methodists their pastors are natives of Brazil.

-was founded by the Congrega- The financial contributions are tional minister, KaIley, in 1858, in really great. The Independent Rio de Janeiro. In 1862 Simonton Presbyterians, founded in 1903, in founded a Presbyterian Church in 1929 raised among their 11,301 Rio also. The first Baptist Church me m b e r s, 363,519,000 milreis.

was started by Mr. Bagby in Bahia Such gifts prove what a live Chris- in 1882 and he is still active there. tian consciousness is at work The Methodists made their perma- among these people. But withal nent beginning in 1876. In 1888 even the great sums raised on the the Episcopalians began their mis- field are not equal to the work that sion in Rio Grande do SuI, and in is being done and large contribu- 1900 the Missouri Synod began its tions are sent from the mother work in Rio Grande do SuI. churches in America.

With the exception of the Con- Among the interdenominational gregationalists, who received their efforts we might mention the Com- first inspiration from England, all missao Brazileira de Cooperacao, the other churches are the result which constitutes a sort of Nation- of American missionary endeavor. al Council; the Seminario Unido The Catholics have made this the in Rio de Janeiro, which is a union basis of the accusation that the seminary supported by several American missionaries are the ad- denominations; an Indian mission vance agents of American capital, in Matto Grosso; a Protestant but unjustly so. These accusations hospital in Rio; a convalescent have perhaps helped to make the home for pastors; a sort of hospice Americans stress the nationalistic in St. Paulo for poorer people; a element in their organizations. Christian Boy Scout development; They aim very decidedly to nation- Bible colporteuring; Union Sun- alize the churches. This is done in day-school conferences; and the three directions: the education of Week of Prayer of the Evangelical native helpers making themselves Alliance.

more and more independent of These Protestant churches are foreign influence, increased efforts doing a very notable work.

SLAVERY*

T HOSE not acquainted with declared free from January 1,1928. China are dismayed to dis- Liberia has denied at Geneva cover that slavery, or some- that there is slavery anywhere thing indistinguishable fro mit, within its boundaries, whereas the persists in Hong Kong, a British truth is that slave-owning is wide- colony, decades after it was made spread and Liberian and American illegal on British territory. The negroes are exploiting the indige- mui tsai or child domestics, who nous natives under forms not dis- are bought and sold as other prop- tinguishable fro m the slavery erty, number abo u t 100,000 in against which the name of the Hong Kong alone. country is a standing protest.

In her book Slavery, Lady Simon In China slavery has been tech- reminds the public that the battle nically abolished, yet -the sale of is far from finished; there are still children is winked at and no steps abuses to be fought, but her record are taken to protect them against includes some bright spots. The the brutality of their owners.

Maharajah of Nepal took courage- When the fourth assembly of the ous and enlightened action; in a League of Nations unanimously few months he overcame the force accepted Sir Arthur Steel-Maitof centuries of tradition and freed land's motion callin~ for inquiry and report on slavery throughout the slaves of that country. There the world, the new struggle began; is also a chapter on recent succes- as Sir John Simon writes, Wilberses in BUrma. But there is sad force and his friends were conreading about many lands-Abys- cerned so to change British law that slavery would not be recogsinia, the Sudan, Sierra Leone and nized by British Courts, whereas China. (Abyssinia abolished slav- the modern problem is not national ery at the recent coronation of the Emperor.) The King of the Hedjaz is under but international. "The new task treaty with the British Govern- is not to convince enlightened men ment to cooperate in suppressing and women that slavery is a mon- the slave trade; not a word has strous and hideous thing, but that been said about the abolition of it still prevails over large portions slavery. of the earth. Unfortunately the League of Nations, under the in- In Sierra Leone, the Protector- spiration of France, has refused to ate not the British colony, the accept the British proposal regard- Courts decided only four years ing slave traffic as an international ago that an owner could retake a runaway slave, a doctrine that crime like piracy.

caused a ferment in England and When all that can be said in deevoked instructions from the Co- fence of slavery has been said lonial Office to amend the position there is something about the by legislation. That was done and ownership of fellow-men that first 214,000 slaves found themselves debases and then brings out the "very devil" in the nature of the °From The State8man. London. owner, whatever his race or color.

120

GOD'S WORD IN PERSIA"

BY REV. WILLIAM M. WYSHAM, Teheran, Persia Mi88ionaf'1/ of the Pre8byterian Ohuroh, U. 8. A.

N EXT to'the birth of a human great advance in literature distri- soul, what event can give bution during the past year has re- one a greater thrill than the moved this danger entirely.

birth of a book? A good book, like To what extent literature should a soul, is immortal, and even one be sold and how much of it may be edition can influence generations. given away is a moot question in Our Literature Committe is now some fields, but most missionaries revising a Persian Christian book in Persia are definitely committed, of which the first edition appeared for the present at least, to the nearly a century ago. Only God policy of free distribution of cheap can measure the influence of that tracts if it is done wisely. In many book for Jesus Christ. So the places the rule is that such tracts chairman of this "factory" has should be given only to those who many a thrill as ,one book and tract are literate and wherever possible after another are born into the to young men and women. Persia world of Christian literature to be- is thirsty for information of all gin a useful life. sorts. Drop a tract from a speed- The "factory" is a busy place ing automobile, as the writer has these days, Two earnest Christian sometimes done, and pedestrians Persian associates help make the will race one another to pick it up chairman's t ask a pleasant one. and read it. Practically never is a Proofs to be read come in con- tract refused and it is often read stantly from two presses in Tehe- by many people. One missionary ran, from Cairo by air, from Beirut tells of a single copy of "The Perby transdesert post, and from Ger- fect Law" which a Persian Chris. many across Russia and the Cas- tian loaned to fifty men one by one pian Sea. Back they go by the in the bazaar. It seems unwise to next post if possible. We know haggle over a few pennies in inthat fine work will not only honor sisting on selling tracts to eager Christ but will set a standard for readers such as this, and one misall Persian literature in its coming sionary feels that we should "plasnew era. ter" Persia with Christian tracts The great fear of the managers while our great opportunity offers.

of every efficient enterprise is that He reports that last year in his its product may not reach con- own populous province about 25,- sumers after it is ready for use. 000 copies of Christian literature When the Intermission Committee were distributed, first began its work in 1925, distribution of Christian literature in The greatest aid to our free dis- Persia was negligible and there tribution program is through the was grave danger that the commit- Scripture Gift Mission. This sotee might "glut the market" with ciety has provided in Persia three unused books and tracts. But the beautifully printed Scripture por- tions, with cover pictures in color, 'From The Pre8byterian Advance. and requires that these be distrib- 121

uted free of charge. The commit- was the cause of the conversion of tee cannot sufficiently express its a well educated gentleman in an gratitude to that organization for inaccessible city. He had called all that it has done to further lit- himself an atheist, but the reading erature distribution in Persia. of this book and the conversations with an evangelist which followed One of the greatest distributors brought him to a full belief in God of tracts is a "Christian dervish." and in Christ.

Last year it was stated that he had The methods of distribution in worked his way clear across Persia Persia are many, but all can be efin his double capacity of itinerant fective if the heart of the Chris- "dentist" and scatterer of "seed," tian is in his task. Even the most as he calls his tracts. After a year unpromising places yield results. has elapsed he is still on the same Some months ago an educated Artour. From northwest Persia he menian Christian young man was went south to Kermanshah through drafted i n t 0 Persia's conscript Kurdistan, whE!re he was in danger army. Instead of bemoaning his of death several times, and from fate, he threw himself into his new there found his way via Hamadan work and soon won the respect of to Isfahan, .to Shiraz, to Kerman, his officers and fellow soldiers. He to Yezd, and again to Isfahan, vis- did a lot of reading and studying iting many hundreds of villages himself, and found others eager besides these larger centers. He to do likewise. So he began to give passed through Teheran on his them tracts, and soon, as his ofway to his headquarters in Meshed. ficer remarked, he had a reading Everywhere he has sow n his room in full swing each evening. "seed," and the committee has sent Through his efforts scores of Chrissupplies of tracts to him at each tian books and tracts were read by large city. No one knows how these rough Persian soldiers, and many teeth he has pulled or how it was not long before the young many tracts he has distributed. Armenian borrowed an English Missionaries in every center have Koran in order to prepare himself spoken warmly of his work and his better for the religious discussions help to them, and from Shiraz resulting from his literature discomes a striking story of how he tribution. brought a highwayman to Christ. Paul's catalogue of hardships and EPIGRAMS dangers would apply almost ex- So long as we emphasize the cross and actly to him, but on he goes plot- the empty tomb, we shall go forward toting his own course, always happy gether.-W. J. McGlothlin. in his chosen work. We do not need a new gospel; but we Interested friends 0 f ten ask do need the Gospel anew.-S. M. Lindsay. whether conversions can be traced to individual tracts and books. The Church is a living organism, vital- Sometimes this can be done, but ized by the indwelling life of Christ.- more often it is the cumulative W. B. Riley. e f f e c t of literature distribution which is so powerful. Very re- People think spiritually more easily in cently, the chairman heard of a adversity than in prosperity.-A. W. definite case where the reading of Beaven. Kanamori's "Three Hour Sermon" The world says that men exist for things; Jesus says that things exist for men.-Harold C. Phillips.

A VENTURE IN MISSIONARY TRAINING·

BY THE REV. J. LOVELL MURRAY, D.D.

Director 01 the OanalUrm School oj Missions, Toronto, Canada T HE Canadian School of Mis- of missionaries of American and . sions presents features which British Boards are admitted to the are unusual, and perhaps in lectures and other privileges of the some cases unique, in the field of School. The yearly registration is missionary training. about one hundred and fifty.

The School represents a partner- The base line in the program of ship of Churches, which was in- instruction is the directing of mis- augurated nine years ago by the sionaries and candidates i n t 0 Mission Boards of Canada for the courses which are available in the preparation of their candidates classrooms of other institutions in and the post-graduate studies of the city. Missionaries who wish missionaries on furlough. Toronto courses in theology are referred to contains the. national offices of all the theological colleges; others en- the Canadian churches and at the roll as graduate or undergraduate same time offers the facilities of students in the University of To- a great university center. Eight ronto and some find their require- Mission Boards, representing the ments met in the Technical School.

five communions h a v i n g head- Those making their furlough head- quarters in Canada – Anglican, quarters elsewhere than in Toronto Baptist, Disciples, Presbyterian are helped by correspondence to and United Church-unite in finan- find a solution for their academic cing and directing the School. Five problems in some neighboring coltheological colleges located in To- lege center or, where this is not ronto are also officially related to possible, by courses of reading.

it, with appointed representatives The curriculum of the School on its governing body. These col- covers a wide area, upwards of leges and the three national train- thirty courses being offered each ing institutions for women of the year. Some courses, such as an- Anglican, Presbyterian and United thropology, religions, phonetics, Churches all accept several of the science of missions, history of mis- School's courses as electives in sions, philosophy of religion, nurs- their own curricula. ing (given in the Toronto General The primary purpose of the in- Hospital), personal hygiene, public stitution is, of course, academic. health, the missionary message, The student body consists of can- hymnody, account keeping and didates and furloughed mission- moral hygiene, are standard. Otharies of the e i g h t cooperating ers vary according to opportunity Boards. Members of the Boards and demand. Last year a desire was are eligible and frequently attend discovered on the part of two or classes. Each year, also, a number three for a course in the historical geography of the Holy Land. One "A visit to the Canadian School of Missions week later, a class of twenty was ~~ ~~r::igo~h~fa~f~!to:~:~o1r:I~Pn:ht'h:i'I;:: taking notes on the first lecture of asked Dr. Mnrray to write this article about the course.

it.-A. J. B.

123

Other courses in last year's cur- the School. "Sharing" is its watch- riculum which had a large popu- word.

larity were the teaching of reli- In many cases, instruction in a gion, kindergarten principles and certain subject is desired by only methods, girls' work, journalism, one missionary, and some subjects present conditions in mission fields can best be taught individually, so and the Christian mission and that the School arranges for pri- other international contacts. Many vate tuition in voice, piano, organ, courses are grouped in two inten- violin, and other branches at the sive sessions, one lasting six weeks Toronto Conservatory of Music.

and the other one week. Fre- Anaesthesia, X-ray, house building, quently lecturers from outside of poultry raising, loom weaving, hos- the city are enlisted for lectures. pital management, compounding of Last year short courses were given drugs, cartooning, library cata- by the Rev. William Paton, of Lon- loguing, the pedagogics of manual don, Secretary of the International training and many branches of Missionary Council; Professor D. medicine and surgery are a few of J. Fleming, of Union Theological the other subjects taught in this Seminary, New York; and Dr. way. Every year upwards of forty Arthur J. Brown, Secretary Emer- instructors are coaching our mis- i tus of the Presbyterian Board, sionaries privately in a wide vari- New York, and at that time Acting ety of subjects, bringing the teach- Editor of THE REVIEW, besides the ing staff of the School to a total of annual course in Phonetics by Pro- four or five score persons. And all fessor T. F. Cummings of the Bib- without pay!

lical Seminary, New York. There is a carefully selected and A six-year syllabus of theolog- growing library of books and mag- ical instruction for medical mis- azines in which the aim is to pro- sionary candidates is meeting with vide a good working collection of considerable success. Each year material on every phase of mis- from ten to fifteen of these stu- sions. Another activity of the dents are registered in two twenty- School is the periodical prepara- hour courses, given usually by pro- tion of a list of the best recent fessors of theology. This part of pUblications on the following sub- the School's curriculum makes it jects: anthropology, history and possible for a stUdent to receive biography, sociology and econom- 240 hours of theological instruc- ics, fiction, essays and poetry, re- tion during his six-years' medical ligious education, missions and course. theology. The titles are selected To provide the curriculum of the by experts and the lists are then School from forty to fifty lecturers sent out to all missionaries of the are drafted yearly. The policy has Canadian Boards.

been to invite only persons who The other side of the School's are foremost in their respective life is fellowship. The building is fields of study. Almost everyone a Club (non-residential) as well as of these requests has been granted an academic institution. It is a and all of this service is given general headquarters and rendez- without financial recompense. No vous for Canadian missionaries fees of any sort are received for and candidates and the secretaries the academic or other privileges of and members of their Boards. The

A VENTURE IN MISSIONARY TRAINING

weekly p ray e r service provides modious, and at the same time is comradeship in worship. Observa- most comfortably and artistically tion visits to centers of interest, furnished. including courts, playgrounds, hos- Perhaps no other undertaking pitals, schools of various types, in- or agency in the Dominion visualdustrial plants, the Ontario Parlia- izes in so striking a way the esment Buildings, the Royal Ontario sential oneness of the Christian Museum and the Toronto Art Gal- Churches and the possibility of lery have a decided social as well groups which differ in many of as educational value. Conferences their views on doctrine and polity dealing with some of the central working together as an absolutely and timely issues in the world mis- harmonious unit in a common sionary movement not only give Kingdom enterprise. opportunity for the interchange of Recently a missionary about to ideas and experience, but also de- return to Chi n a wrote: "The velop a recognition that the major School has been for me a place of interests and problems of mission- intellectual delight, of spiritual ary service are common to workers strengthening and a refuge from of churches ,in every field. These loneliness. It has been 'home' for activities center in the new build- me in a sense that no other place ing of the School, which is com- has been."

STATISTICS OF NATIONAL CHURCHES The Outgrowth of Mission Work in Various Countries Other No. of Communi, Evangelistic Name of Church Churches cants Pastors Worker8 Church of Christ in China 795 107,936 357 1,767 Presbyterian Church of Chosen. , 2,013 91,756 505 832 United Church of India ……… 914 66,698 1,883 Church of Christ in Japan ….. , 283 44,762 215 220 National Church of Brazil. . . . . .. 177 24,132 97 National Church of Mexico. . . . . . 49 3,593 28 23 United Church of Philippines. . . .. (1st yr. of orgn.-Figs. Incomplete) UNION AND COOPERATIVE WORK National Foroe Communicants Students Patients China …………………. . 568 4,926 59,168 37,500 Chosen ………………… . 202 1,025 10,931 India ……………. , ….. . 65 1,539 Japan …………………. . 2,380 Latin America ……… , …. . 37 97 Philippines …………….. . 598 Mesopotamia ……………. . 4 505 874 Totals 876 505 11,439 107,599 Report of Presbyterian Board, 1980.

NEW CENTENARY CHURCH AT SAPARILLTI. SA,,'OA

PROGRESS IN THE SOUTH SEAS Encouragement in the London Missionary Society Work A Great Day in the Gilbert Islands village they came. Some had red T HE London MissiQnary Society sashes :md collars, others mauve, and Ship John WiUiams IV made a the people from the other end of the successful visitation of the is- island where the church is called "The lands of the Gilbert group last Sum- Morning Star" each wore a red star.

mer. Delegates were taken from all The conference was the first {In 80 parts of the group and conveyed to the large a scale in the Gilbert Islands southernmost island of Arorae, where and was of great value to the group the first United Conference of the as a whole. There was a sense of Protestant Church in the Gilberts was unity throughout the whole proceed- held. Never until now has it been pos- ings to an extent which would have sible for delegates from every island been impossible only a few years ago.

to be present. The interest of the Con- There was ample evidence of the fast ference this year was greatly increased growing sense of the need for coopera- by the fact that it coincided with the tion in church life in place of the old opening of a beautiful new church at idea that each village must fight its the village of Tamaroa on Arorae Is- battles alone.

land. The la'st day of the meetings was Under the leaderahip of one of the Sunday, with a timely sermon on 1… M. S. Samoan Pastors, the local United Effort in World-Wide Work band led a big procession of people to for Christ, and a Communion Service.

their appointed places outside the In the afternoon, various delegates church. All were dressed in white, spoke of the progress of Christianity with certain decorations for the na- and wane of paganism during recent tives of Arorae to indicate from which times on the i r particular islands.

126

PROGRESS IN THE SOUTH SEAS

Christian truth has made great strides sea. The church has cost £7,000 but in recent years and is rapidly gaining was opened entirely free of debt. ground.-L. M. S. Chronicle. On August 24th the people marched The Samoan Centenary to Sapapalii to unveil the memorial stone to John Williams. The proces- One hundred years ago, in August, sion was over three miles long. Some John Williams landed in Samoa, and were in modern clothes and some were began the work of the L. M. S. in dressed in the mode of living when those islands. Recent celebrations the first missionaries arrived. The have commemorated this historic mo- Williams memorial stone will be sevenment. teen feet high and will stand on a base thirty-five feet high, on the spot On the island of Savaii, the guests where John Williams first landed in arrived in Faasaleleaga on Thursday, Samoa. August 21st. Some came in the long boats, forty of which brought no less Later many thousands of Samoans than 3,000 people. His Excellency the were present at a service, several Administrator, came on his govern- hours long, which was held in the ment vessel, and was met by the mis- huge open-air church at Malua. This sionaries, pastors and teachers. church was made by covering a cocoa- nut paddock with a roof of palm The Centenary Church of Savaii leaves. The thanksgiving offering was opened in the presence of many amounted to £5,000 (nearly $25,000). thousands of 'people. The church is A pageant was produced entitled "The almost on the scale of a cathedral, and Coming of the Light." Sunday was a it is lighted by stained glass windows which have beautiful soft shades of great day with a Communion Service color and is visible for miles from the and other meetings.-The Chronicle.

OPENING THE NEW L. M. S. MISSION CHURCH A'r TAMAROA, GILBERT ISLANDS

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

President of the Federation of Woman's Boards for Foreign Missions INTERESTING ADULTS IN Do You Think It Is Enough 7 CHILDREN'S WORK If not, the Light Brigade is ready (Given by Mrs. C. K. Lippard at to help you do more. Mountain Lake Park School of Mis- F~ee Literature on how to organsions.) ize a Light Brigade may be had for SCRIPTURE-Story of Eunice, Lois the asking fro m Literature Headand Timothy. 2 Timothy 1: 5-9. quarters, Women's Missionary So- ciety. Key verse-five. Will you help us by sending your EXERCISE-The Fountain of Youth. boy or girl to (name of missionary or- Author, Mrs. Milton Fish. (Published ganization.) by Literature Headquarters, 723 Muhlenberg Building, Philadelphia, EXERCISE-Four Parables. Each of Pa.) these stories is to be read by a junior age child or woman. After the stories, This exercise requires seven adult the words found on the back of leaflet characters and a baby or a large doll. -"The Remedy Is the Children Now" to be repeated by all four readers and Leaflet-''What Are You Doing?"

Do They Go to Sunday-School again by entire audience.

Regularly The Garden If so, their religious education gains There was once a lady who owned about 24 hours, or 2 days of waking a garden. The gardener was young hours out of 365 in a year. and handsome. Every morning he brought bright, beautiful blossoms to Where Sunday-School sessions are the door, and the lady of the house discontinued during the summer the rejoiced as she arranged them. Her time is shortened. garden was a mass of beauty and every evening as she walked there she How much of this period is devoted saw strong, big plants and shrubs well to Bible teaching and missionary pruned and watered and cared for. training? "He doesn't have those cluttery lit- Figure It Out for Yourself tle beds of seedlings and slips about, either," she said. "His garden is al- 52 Sundays in the year. ways neat and trim." The young gardener too hated the cluttery, messy 5 Sundays subtracted for special serv- beds of new seedlings and slips. "They are so small and make no ices as Rally Day, Christmas, show," he said.

Easter- But when the winter had worked her will upon the big, strong shrubs 47 divided by 3 (where the lesson and plants and the spring had come, period is 20 minutes) or 47 divided by 2 (where the lesson period is 30 minutes).

3)47 2)47 Allows 15* hours or 2312 hours the lady walked in a garden sear and of actual Bible and Missionary bare. "Where are the new plants and training. flowers of spring?" she asked.

128

METHODS FOR WORKERS

"There are none," the young gar- members were energetic and intelli- dener said. "I hated to work with gent. They had Women's Missionary seeds and to train new plants. I did Societies and Luther Leagues and not know all the strong, big ones Brotherhoods. The social side was not would die." forgotten and their contributions to all causes were exceptional. So that garden remained without beauty, and always bare. But no one had time to work for the children. Their Sunday School The Forest was poorly attended and they never had a Light Brigade. Upon a mountain side there was once a deep, strong forest. The trees After a while the old people were were all tall and straight and beau- gone. The young people became old. tifully matched. The forester had And they looked about in the church planted new young trees upon the and -said, "Where are the active ones edge vf the deep woods, where the to take our places? What ails the sun could touch them. young people of today?"

But after he planted them he for- The young people were all out in got them. The rains came and washed the world, away from the church. The the earth from their roots. Cruel church was dead. winds beat them down and pulled them from the ground. THE REMEDY is The Children Now!

The old trees were gradually chopped PLAYLET~House of Do What You down and carried away and none grew Can. (Literature Headquarters, 723 up to take their place. Here and there Muhlenberg Building, Philadelphia, a wild seedling struggled to grow, but Pa.) soon withered away. ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL FOR Now there is only a bare and stumpy field where once the beautiful DEVOTIONAL SERVICE forest waved and offered shade. Insistent demands have been com- The Home ing in asking for fresh illustrative help in connection with the devotional There was once a father who was service. We have used the following rich and great. He had three sons and we believe, profitably: who were his pride and joy. They were strong and beautiful. "In the Beginn.ing God"

"I have not time to love them now," During the French Revolution it he said, "but I shall work hard and was determined to abolish all religion grow richer so that when they are and everything that reminded people grown we may be companions and of God. Some one was loudly profriends." claiming this to a poor quiet country- man one fine clear night. "Every- So he put them from him in in- thing," he said, "will be abolishedfancy. He hired people to care for churches, Bibles, priests, even the them and they never saw their father. word 'God'; we shall remove every- He enjoyed his home and his business thing that speaks of religion and without them. And when they were God." The countryman gave a quiet grown he brought them home, and 10, chuckle. "Why do you laugh?" said they knew him not. They were stran- the other. The countryman pointed to gers to him and he to them. Their the stars, replied, "I was just wondertastes and ideals were different. The ing how you would manage to get sons went their own way, and all his them down!"-J. E. Feasey. life the father was left alone.

The Ohnreh What III "Ellongh"1 There was once a church that was Rev. George B. Scott's little book, active, prosperous and happy. Its "Work and Rest," which years ago 4

was a favorite with Christian readers, on the amount. Here is a check for g i v e s the following illustration: $600, to pay the first year's interest." "When I was a lad, an old gentleman, The clerk was doubly gratified. The taking some trouble to teach me, asked prospect of the legacy was good news, me 'When does a man think himself and the interest in hand rendered the rich enough'? I replied: 'When he has prospect a reality. a thousand pounds, perhaps.' He said: 'N0.' 'Two thousand'? 'No.' 'Ten This is, in a far higher sense, the thousand'? 'No.' 'Well, a hundred believer's position. He does not have thousand'? But he gravely replied: to wait for death to receive his in- 'Man is content when he has a little heritance, though the principal does more than he has, and that is never.' come then, but daily grace is the in- And is this all that comes of 'seeking terest and promise of an exceeding rest' in this world? It is."-The and eternal weight of glory.-S. S. Christian. Times.

The Longest Candle Needy Souls, Afar and Near An evangelist was talking to a meet- It is reported that during the Tiing of children. He brought out a tanic disaster a vessel equipped with row of candles on a board; a very the Marconi system of wireless teleglong candle was at one end, a very raphy passed within a few miles of short one at the other. Between the the ill-fated ship. It was near enough long one and the short one were can- to have rescued every passenger dles of various heights. He said that aboard but passed on all unmindful by these candles he wanted to repre- of the lives going down within easy sent the grandfather, father and reach. We ask, why was it? The mother, boy-s and girls and the baby answer comes that the passing vesof a family who never heard of Christ sel's instrument for receiving mesuntil a missionary came-whom he sages was so keyed as to receive only represented by a lighted candle-and calls from distances of one hundred they all gave their hearts to Jesus, miles or more. and from that day loved and served Him. He then asked which candle It is a pathetic illustration of what they thought represented the grand- is taking place every day in the Lord's father, the mother, and so on. They work. all thought that the tallest candle would be the grandfather, but he told How many are there who really feel them: "No, that stands for the baby, interested in world-wide missions, but the youngest member in the family." whooe hearts are so keyed as to re- Presently one boy said, "I know why; ceive only calls from afar while hunhe has the chance to shine the longest." dreds and thousands of our fellow be- ~Children's Quarterly. ings within the limits of our own state are passing through the bitter Bene:8ts of an Inheritance Now experience of life-wreck and soul-dis- aster without response or seeming A confidential clerk in Wall Street, care from us, though we are so near? New York, had an agreeable surprise -Selected. a few days ago, according to the Times. One of the large stock opera- Foot Lamps tors caIled the clerk into his private room and said to him: "I have put For many years archreologists kept your name in my will, and you will digging up in Bible lands what seemed get $10,000 when I die. Now, I am to be tiny lamps. Many of them found in good health, and don't intend to their way into museums, but no one die snon, and so I will help in the could explain how these lamps were meantime by paying you legal interest used. They were rounded on the bot- tom and attached to the bottom were three rings – one large one in the center, and two small ones on either side. There was no way to place the

METHODS FOR WORKERS

lamp on a table or flat surface, nor family includes the whole world and were there any rings on top by which all the races of the world.

they might be suspended from above. Through the stories of Jesus, the That they were lamps there could be real nature of God is revealed to the no question, for there on the top was child, and there is developed within a spout for the wick. Therefore these the child the desire to share his knowl- lamps were a great mystery. edge of the goodness and love of God Some months ago Dr. Melvin Grove with the world. As the child hears Kyle deciphered some tablets on which stories of Jesus and other stories of were references to "foot lamps." Like helpfulness and sharing, he too wants a flash it came to Dr. Kyle that these to share and to be helpful-he wants tiny lamps were worn on the feet. to practice the Jesus Way of living The large ring fitted over one of the with all people. The stOry affects the toes, while a cord attached to (me conduct of the child and stimulates small ring went around the foot and him to action. tied into the other. It has been said that, "Missions is Doubtless this is what suggested to the spirit of Christ in the human David the thought: "Thy word is a heart." This is the great value of lamp unto my feet, and a light unto the story; it awakens the spirit of my path," CPs. 119: 195) .-The Ban- Christ within the human heart. ner. The story introduces the child to the world; it broadens his outlook.

THE "WHy" AND THE "HOW" OF Through the story the child learns the STORY-TELLING IN MISSIONARY habits and customs 6f the people of the world, and because of this knowl- EDUCATION edge there arises within the child a sympathetic understanding of these MAUD F. ROBY, Riverdale, Maryland Of what value is the story in mis- people. sionary educati()n? It takes time and A little seven year old once said to perseverance to master the art of his teacher: "I don't like Abraham story-telling. Is it worth while? Has Lincoln. He set the 'niggers' free, and they should be slaves." The it any real value in attaining those ob- teacher later discovered that the child jectives which are most important in had heard his father make this sta.te- ment. Race prejudice on the part of missionary education? adults finds fertile soil in the mind of the child. Undoubtedly, the story has a definite and outstanding place in missionary The story deepens the child's apeducation. Story-telling is one of the preciation of other people and other ()ldest arts in the world, and the story races. Let us tell him stories of what grips the imagination, especially of other races contribute to American the child, as no other form of art can. life. Who mines our coal? Who works Tests have again and again proved in our lumber camps? Where do our that the part of teaching which is first bananas, dates, pineapples, etc., come recalled, longest retained, and most from? surely acted upon is the part that was conveyed through the telling of a Perhaps the greatest value of the story. story in missionary education is that Through the story the child comes it helps to secure right attitudes. Cer- to know God, his heavenly Father. tainly we are concerned that our The child begins to understand that children gain knowledge of other peo- he is a member of God's great family, ples, but our teaching concerns itself and that God's family does not mean mainly with the securing of attitudes.

just his own family, not only his own We do not want our children to neighborhood, nor his own country, have an attitude of race superiority, not even his own race; but that God's neither do we want them as they share

with others to possess any feeling of Fully convinced of the value of the condescension. We do want them to story in missionary education, perhaps have an attitude of love, friendliness, you are asking, "How shall I prepare and sympathetic understanding. It is a .story to tell?" First of all, select our desire to develop those attitudes a story with great care. Be sure that which will bring about world brother- it meets the needs of your group and hood, w 0 rId friendship and world that it is suited to the age group for peace. which you wish to use it. (A sug- gested Jist of stories may be found "In hearts too young for enmity at the close of this article.) There lies the way to make men free, When chHdren's friendships are world- Analyze the story, and, if necessary, adapt it for telling. wide New ages wm be glorified. Every properly constructed story is Let child love child and strife will cease. composed of four distinct parts, (1) Disarm the heart, for that is peace." the beginning; (2) succession of events; (3) climax, and (4) ending. -ETHEL BLAIR JORDAN, from the You may make an outline of the story Junior Red Cross News. dividing it into these parts and use it as a help in preparing to tell it. In our ·stories, let us dwell upon It may be necessary to adapt the story those things in which we are alike for telling. If so, it will be essential rather than the things in which we for you to know something of these are different. component parts of the story.

These points concerning the value The beginning is very important. of the story in missionary education It is like the first impression of a have been discussed from the stand- person upon strangers he meets. Bepoint of the child, but they are equally gin interestingly, for interest must be true of young people and adults. The gained the moment the story begins. story will grip the interest and stir The characters should be brought on the heart of young people and adults the stage immediately that the curtain when other forms of missionary teach- is lifted, and action must start at once. ing fail. For our young people the A suggestion that something is going story is invaluable as a call to con- to happen supplies that element of secration and service. (Stories of interest and suspense essential to a service are suggested below.) go.od beginning.

Who can measure the influence of Following the rising of the curtain, a purposeful story when told at the there should be a series of pictorial right time and in the right way? It scenes that carry the events that go was the story of the Indian at St. to make up the story plot, strung upon Louis that sent Marcus Whitman to a slender thread of curiosity, and save the great Northwest; it was the giving the element of suspense to the story of Scutari that sent Florence story. One event must follow on the Nightingale to her great work; it heels of another, and each event must was the story of the deep-sea fisher- be filled with action. The events men that sent Wilfred Grenfell to should be planned to hold suspense to Labrador. the very end of the story.

Through the story, young people Something must be happening all and adults may come to truly pray the time until suspense reaches its that prayer that the children love to apex in the climax, which some aupray: thors prefer to class, not as a separate part of the story, but rather as the Our Father, you have given me last event in the succession of events. So much of love and joy today The scenes leading to the climax must be so clear and concise that the hearers That I am thinking joy and love will forget where they are, what time To my brothers and sisters far away.

Wherever they lie down to sleep, Happy and tired with work and play, YeHow and brown and black and white, Our Father, bless them all tonight.

-AMELIA J. BURR, (4th line adapted.)

METHODS FOR WORKERS

it is, who the atory-teller is, and fol- they were being reflected on the movlow only the events of the story. In ing picture screen. the climax the truth or message of the story is revealed. It is the turn- Read the story several times again, ing point of the story. now not only seeing each event but feeling and experiencing the story as The curtain must faIl at last before if you had actuaIly been present and the eyes of the listener, and the clos- lived the story yourself. ing of the story drama should be as mind-stimulating a,s was its begin- Practice telling the story aloud, rening. The ending should be short, ferring to the book when it is necesbut not abrupt, jus,t enough words to sary to clear up any pam that may get the characters off stage in a man- be hazy. If possible, go into a room, ner that seems logical and otherwise close the door, and practice the story satisfactory to the hearer. The cur- aloud, first, to yourself and then to tain goes down on the scene as soon the inanimate objects of your room. as possible after the climax is reached. Then, practice your story on someone When the end of the story is reached, else. There isn't anything that gives stop. A good beginning begin8 with you the confidence that a real audience action and a good ending ends when gives you. Practice on your family, the action is over. children in your neighborhood, anyone you can get to listen to you. Let us not be guilty of moralizing at the end of the story. The story, Criticize yourself and seek the critiif carefuIly selected and well told, will cism of those who listen. Be opencarry its own message. minded and profit by kindly and con- structive criticism. After you have analyzed the story, go through it and eliminate any un- Love your story and live its mesnecessary descriptian or other parts sage in your daily life and the story not needed to the development of the will speak through you in a vital way. story. "That which does not help When we tell of something through hinders," is a sentence every story- which we have lived, we cannot fail teller should have constantly before to interest those who hear. him. Change all conversation from indirect to direct discourse. Make If you are sure that you know your the characters speak for themselves, story, see your story, feel your story, for direct discourse makes a stronger love your story, and are living your appeal to the imagination and makes stOry, you are ready to tell it. Tell the characters seem more real and it to your group, but do not be conalive. Direct discourse gives action tent with telling it on just one occaand life to the story. sion. Use the story over and over again to different audiences whenever Read 80mething of the historical this is possible. background of the story. If it should be the story of Jimmy Standby (listed As you come before your audience, below), look up Labrador and Dr. the first thing you need is confidence. Grenfell in an encyclopedia to get an You must feel with confidence that appreciation of the background of the you have something worth while to story. If you are going to teIl an give. Think to yourself, "I have a African or Chinese story, you need to message in this story-it is a great know the manners and customs of life message-which I wish to share these people and their mode of ex- with my audience." Then speak with pressing themselves. assurance and wi,th authority.

Read the story over several times, Avoid apology. Deliver the story in aloud if possible. As you read it an emphatic way. A story-teller once over, picture each event. See the said before the beginning of the story, events of the story as clearly as if "I don't know this story very well." Your audience will find that out sooner or later.

Be sure to tell your principal events ence of God, and as his hearers lis- just as they occur. Do not be guilty tened to Him they knew that He had of saying, "Oh, I forgot to tell YOu." truly been with God.

If you do forget a part, weave it into the story so that your hearers will not Suggested List of Home and Foreign know it has been omitted. Missionary Stories and Story Books Be natural, be yourself, and look The Gift. By Anita B. Ferris, in December, your best. Be yourself at your best 1928, Everyland, M. H. Leavis, North Camand look yourself at your best. If bridge, Mass. (Many other splendid stories you are ill or tired and must go in old issues of Everyland may be also sethrough with the story, never let your cured.) audience suspect it. They have a All God'. Children. By Julius F. Seebach, Women's Missionary Society, United Lu- theran Church in America, Philadelphia.

right to the best you can give them. Primary Picture Stories. Missjonary Educa- They don't want to Hsten to nor look tion Movement, New York. Each Bet conat a half sick or tired story-teller. sists of a pamphlet of four to 8ix short The story-teller should be neat and stories suitable for telling, accompanied by attractive in appearance and never illustrative pIctures. Africa, China, India, Italy, Japan, Latin America. Little Neigh- bors, Negro, Playing Together, Young Amerl· cans, Alaska Picture Stories.

wear anything that will detract from Nine Home Mission Stories. M. E. M., New the story. York_ Remember that your audience sees They Love Him Too. Pamphlet of six stories you before it nears your story. Strive for primary children. M. Ill. M., New York. to appear at ease. Seek to possess a voice that has purity of tone, clear- Book of Missionary Heroes. By Basil Mathews. ness, and distinct enunciation. Use correct English and as beautiful Eng- Tell Me a Hero Story. By Mary Stewart.

Book. of Goodwill. Vol. I and Vol. II. Pub· lished by National Council for the Prevention of War, 532 Seventeenth St., N. W., Wash- ington, D. C.

lish as you know, provided it is simple Friends of Ours. By Elizabeth Colson.

enough for your age group. Stories of Brotherhood. By Hunting.

Avoid mannerisms. Do not play Love Stories of Great Missionaries. By Belle with your beads ()r set the wave in M. Brain.

your hair as you talk. We are all Jimmy Standby (True Story Told by Dr. Gren· fell). Story WorShip Services for the Jnnlor very apt to have a mannerism of some Chnrch. By Mary Kirkpatrick Berg.

kind, and the difficulty is that we do Our Porto Rican Neighbors. By Charles W. not see our own mannerism as others St. John. see it. Mannerisms detract from the Great Missionaries for Young People, By Jeanne M. Serrell.

story by calling attention to the man- Missionary Stories for Little Folks. Second nerism rather than to what the speak- Series–Junior. By Margaret Applegarth.

er is saying. Stories of Service for Young People Remember that you speak through The Boy Who Decided to Follow Christ. By your body, your voice, and your lan- 1-fargaret Eggleston, in Use of Story in Re· guage. Seek to make each one of ligious Education. these agencies always at its best. A Cluster of American Beauties. By Mrs. E. Jesus was the Master Story-teller C. Cronk. Published by Women's Mission· and He used the story for much of ary Societies of the Lutheran Church, 844 His teaching. Let u.s look to Him for Drexel Bldg.• Philadelphia, Pa. our example. Jesus spoke with au- The Two Searcher$ alId Marked for a Mast, and other stories. By Margaret Eggleston, in Fireside Storie. for Girls in Their Teens.

thority; He always kept the way open The First Christmas Tree. By Field, adapted between His mind and God's: He for telling in "Youth and Story Telling." knew the will of His Father; He be- By C. P. Maus, pamphlet No. 10, Internalieved in His work; He believed in tional Council of Religious Education, ~ S. His class; He believed in the possi- Wabash Ave., Chicago, Ill. Also contains m~tbod in story-telling and excellent bibll· ography of stories for young people.

bility of the disciples; He saw the No one can dispose of Christianity possibility of the group. Jesus gave with bon mot. No one can read the Gosall that He had for His c1as·s; He pel without feeling the real presence of gave His life for His people. Jesus Jesus. His personality pulsates in every carried with Him a sense of the pres- word.-Einstein.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 22nd Street, New York, and FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Exe,cutive Secretaries of the Council of Women for Home Missions and Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America World Day of Prayer 1,484 places in 1930. The figures for Offerings for Home Missions' Foreign Missions are not available but are doubtless approximately similar, a Er9.g[!!ll Number of Places and Amounts Dollar. total of almost $20,000 in 1930. Gifts from the 1930 observance are still ar- 260.00 26,000 riving. 250,00 Z5.000 In 1931-What1 24OJ)0 24.000 230.00 23,000 We approach the 1931 observance 220.00 22,000 with keen anticipation. How many 210.000 21,000 more participants will be using the 200.00 20.000 program, and the topic·s for prayer 190,00 IS,OOO on the "Call"? How many young peo- IBO.oo B,OOO ple's groups will join the circle of 170.00 7,000 intercession? How many Children's 160.00 6,000 Hours will be held? How many sta- ISo,OO 5.000 tions, community centers, schools, 140.00 4,000 homes, hospitals conducted by the boards will observe the day? How 130.00 3.000 much advance will be made possible for the four projects through free 120.000 2,000 will offerings? 110,00 1,000 100.000 0.000 It is recommended that the entire 90,000 ,DOD offering be sent undesignated either ,DOD to the Federation of Woman's Boards 80,000 ,000 of Foreign Missions, 419 Fourth Ave- 70,00 nue, New York City or Council of 6.000 Women for Home Missions, 105 East 60.00 ,000 22nd Street, New York City; it will 50,000 then be equally divided between home ,000 and foreign work. It is not necessary 40.000 ,000 to send two checks; there is a recip- 30.000 ,000 rocal arrangement between the two 20.000 ,000 offices. 10.000 "ALL ONE BODY WE" 1910 19111922 1923 1914 1915 1926 1917 1918 1919 1930 It is an inspiration to have a share This graph was in the Exhibit of in the four projects presented for inthe North American Home Missions terest and gifts on the World Day of Congress held in December in Wash- Prayer. It is equally an inspiration ington, D. C. So many expressed in- to have those among whom the projterest that it is here reproduced. ects are conducted participate in the In 1920 for the first united observance of the World Day of Prayer, 50,- 000 programs were used. Each year has shown increase. In 1926 the number had reached 111,900; the next year 179,800, and in 1930 it was 254,- 900.

The contributions for Home Mission work have climbed from $162 from 25 places in 1922 to $3,509 from 629 places in 1926, and to $9,915 from World Day of Prayer, February 20, 1931 Intercession is the putting forth of the vital energy of the Ch.urch.

135

observance-women and children for Europe Switzerland whom a plea for Christian literature is Greece Italy made, girls in the union colleges in Bulgaria France the Orient, migrant families who Hungary Denmark travel hither and yon in the United Norway States following the crops, American Austria England Indian boys and girls in the govern- Poland Scotland ment schools having religious work Germany Wales directors-uniting with the other Netherlands women and young people all around Were one to cite the various provthe globe. inces or states within each country, Indian students attending Sherman the list would indeed suggest a voyage of geographical discovery. In China Institute, Riverside, California, joined the observance has reached even to in the great world-wide observance on Tibet, in India from Assam to the March 7, 1930, an Indian student pre- western frontier. Doubtless there are siding at the meeting. An offering countries and districts from which we was taken for "migrant boys and girls have not heard. If you know of any who do not have the same opportunity not included in the above list, will you for schooling that Indian .students at not send us word? Sherman Institute have." In closing, Indian stUdents, white friends and PRAYING, WITNESSING- Mexican children together voiced the TOGETHER "World Family Prayer." "Together still! E'en though we part, At the government schools in Al- Our life is one in prayer; buquerque and Sante Fe, New Mexico, the Indian students also held meet- Our hearts are ever where Thou art, And Thou art everywhere. ings. Indian students tangibly expressing About the world Thy servants stand: With them one song we sing, interest in migrant work-older Indians, including those in Canada and Thy conquering love in every land, Alaska making their contributions- Thy triumph, Christ, our King!" the Netherlands sending a financial gift to the work carried on by Amer- -FRANK MASON NORTH. ica-silver links of friendship in the forging! SOME OF YOUTH'S "LONG THOUGHTS" TRiTLY WORLD-WIDE By JANE GILBERT Word has reached us directly or indirectly that the World Day of Prayer In the life of the church at home and abroad young people are vitally is observed in the fonowing: important, and are recognized as such. They are not only the hope of the Asm Cuba future; they are the indispensable Porto Rico need of the present. Eager as they Japan British Guiana are for responsibility, for the chance Korea Venezuela to pioneer, young people expect and China Colombia welcome friendly cooperation from Siam Brazil older people-cooperation of the right Burma Ar![entina sort, not too closely linked with "super- India Chlle vision" or "guidance." Young people Persia are not always convinced they need Syria Oceanm that. How to blend the energy of Turkey youth with the experience of – well, New Zealand not age exactly, but let's say, middle The Americas Australia age-for satisfactory results is a prob- Philippine Islands lem which deserves today all the open- Alaska Hawaii minded study it receives and more. Canada United States Afriea A group of young people's secre- Mexico taries came together recently through Guatemala Congo BeIge mutual interest in the responsibility Nicaragua Cameroun Sierra Leone

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

of the church to make Christ known people themselves are not responsible to the whole world. They discussed have had something to do with in- "some of the outstanding problems of fluencing their views. Why have there mission work which especially concern been more volunteers than there has the young people of the churches and been money to send? Some needed which are of the greatest import to contacts have not been made if any the adults who have on their hearts young person has an antiquated idea the future of the foreign mission of what a missionary really is. The enterprise." The quotation is from sixth statement will be recognized as the published findings of the discus- one which, however it may affect our sion group.* missionary force abroad, has its de- cidedly bright side. Our own hemi- One question which received pro- sphere has its non-Christian areas, too. longed discussion was: Why are not young people volunteering for foreign Having advanced potent reasons for service in as great numbers as for- the decrease in volunteers for difficult merly, and why is it hard to secure places abroad, those present were not workers for the difficult places abroad? without ideas as to remedial measures. Fifteen reasons, reflecting the frank About a dozen suggestions came from opinions of young people, were ad- the group. Two of these are proposivanced with varying degrees of em- tions which have been deep-rooted in phasis. All of them are worthy of the thought of Christian education: thoughtful attention on the part of missionary leaders. Certain of the More missionary education should be fifteen come home with special force presented in children's groups. to the average worker in church and missionary circles. . They indicate There should be an integration of mischanged conditions and changed view- sionary education and the program of points. Christian education in the local church.

Note these reasons as stated; the A suggestion that naturally followed order of the statements has no rela- was that the "programs of missionary tion to their relative importance. societies should be more broadly pre- pared in order to interest young peo- 1. Some are questioning whether or ple," and also that "there needs to be not we have a right to carry our religion an attractive presentation of missions, to other countries. dwelling on the larger implications." A valuable hint for effective presenta- 2. Young people are loath to give up tion of the subject is found in the idea a good financial position at home for one that young people are interested in the which brings smaller financial returns. testimony of nationals. We would all agree that the simple witnessing to 3. Many are not willing to spend the the abundance of life brought to nonlonger time in preparation now neces- Christians by Jesus Christ is more sary, and others cannot, because of the convincing than many eloquent adreal financial problem involved. dresses.

4. Antiquated and inadequate idea of Here is a reasonable and far-reachwhat a missionary really is. ing thought: 6. The fact that there have been more There should be representation of volunteers than there has been money to young women directly associated with send has resulted in discouraging volun- young people on the denominational misteers and prospective volunteers. sion boards.

6. The opening to young women of so many fields of service in Christian education in addition to those of minister, missionary and deaconess.

A careful consideration of these six Another challenging suggestion had out of the fifteen reasons will show to do with phraseology: that conditions for which the young The word "missions" must be re- • A fuller report of the Findings was pub- claimed in all its beauty and meaning lished on pages 373-375 of May. 193(). REVImW. for youth.

That the honorable word "missions" DfTERl'IATIONAL RELATIONS has fallen into disrepute has been a matter of frequent discussion. What Co~~iti~!!.o~'ni~:~at"ioe::l w:fa~r~~. b,rr 8:: pale cast of dull meetings or inconsistent action has dimmed that word Federation and Counell. Mimeographed cople. which should sparkle and glow with may be secured from either organization, Ii cents truth and love and life, and all the each. brave deeds that have borne rich gifts across the world? What attitude of A printed program, iiBlessed Are the Peacepatronage, what superiority complex Makers," has also b~en prepared by these has done this despite to a word so Committees and may be procured from any denoble? And how may the harm be nominational headquarters for 2 cents, $1.75 undone so that the beauty and mean- per 100. ing of the word "missions" may be Courses for Study restored? Basil Mathews, in his book on the • Courses starred are especially reeom~ mended. Jerusalem Meeting, Roads to tke City of God, sees great significance in the *1. The Turn Toward Peace. Florchanged phraseology of our day. He ence Brewer Boeckel has pre- pared this study book for womcontrasts the lists of subjects chosen en and young people. Pubfor "Jerusalem 1928" with those for lished by Friendship Press of "Edinburgh 1910." "Underlying that Council of Women for Horne whole list," he writes, "is a profound Missions and Missionary Edu- cation Movement. Leaders' revolutionary change." helps are available. Southern For the subject of 1910, "The Mis- Methodist women are using it in study classes. 60c. sionary Message in relation to non- Christian Religions," we have in 1928 "'II. On Earth Peace. Very usable "The Christian Life and Message in course of six lessons. A symrelation to non-Christian systems." posium; published by the Cen- "Today," Mr. Mathews points out, tral Committee on the United Study of Foreign Missions for " 'Christian' has replaced 'Missionary,' the Federation of Woman's 'Life' precedes 'Message,' and 'Non- Boards of Foreign Missions Christian Systems' replaces 'Religions.' and Council of Women for Some of the profound implications of Home Missions. Order from this change of missionary attitude we Mission Boards or Miss M. H. shall see. ….. What they ultimately Leavis, P. O. Box 4, North involve we can only now, however, be- Cambridge, Mass. 2Oc. gin to grasp. It will be the fascinating To this should be added material and often baffling task of the new on the Root Protocol of the generation to work them out in World Court and also on the thought and action in their bearing on Pact of Paris (Kellogg Peace the whole leavening and transforming Pact). relation of Christianity to the world community of human life." "'III. The New World Road Guide. Excellent six chapter course. Can we make the one word "mis- Brief, but may be made more sions" stand for "The Christian Life comprehensive. League of Naand Message in relation to non-Chris- tions Association, 6 East 39th tian Systems?" Can we make it real St., New York. lOco by a faithful living of the life, un- IV. Adventuring in World Cooperadaunted delivery of the message? Who tion by Jerome Davis and Danknows but that in the carrying out of iel A. Poling. Helpful outlines this "fascinating and often baffling for discussion, divided into task" by the young people of today four parts: Our World Conand tomorrow, the word "missions" tacts; Our Misunderstandings; Our Conflicts; Friendship as may come again into its own? an Inst:rument. Published by the United Society of Christian Endeavor, 41 Mt. Vernon St., Boston, Mass. 25c.

*V. Thinking It Through by Evelyn Riley Nicholson. Discussion on World Peace; very good. Methodist Book Concern, New York. 40c.

VI. World Peace Primer by Mrs. E. K. Bowman, Helena, Montana. Series of 21 simple lessons. 25c.

VII. General Study Course on the Home Missions and Missionary Educa- Way to Peace. 6 lessons. based tion Movement, New York. 60c. on Between War and Peace. National Council for Preven- tBetween War and Peace by Florence tion of War, 532 17th St., N. Brewer Boeckel. Macmillan, New York. W., Washington, D. C. Sent $2.50. free on request to those who order the book. On Eartk Peace. Central Committee. Order from Mission Boards or Miss M. ·VIII. The Ckurckes and World Peace. H. Leavis, P. O. Box 4, North Cambridge, Syllabus. Federal Council of Mass. 20c. Churches, 105 East 22d St., New York. 25c. Educating for Peace by John L. and Elizabeth M. Lobingier. Pilgrim Press, *IX. Working for World Peace Boston. $2.00. Through Organized Justice and Goodwill. Commission on The World Talks It Over by Burr International Relations, Na- Price. Rae D. HankIe, Inc., 425 Fourth tional Council of Congrega- Ave., New York. $1.75. tional Churches, 287 Fourth Ave., New York. 10c. Building International Goodwill. Sym- posium. Macmillan, New York. $1.50. X. A World Outlook. Discussion course by Y. M. C. A., 10 South Christianity and International Peace La Salle St., Chicago, TIl. In by Charles E. Jefferson. Crowell, New quantities of 10 or more, 15c. York. $1.25.

Short Discussion Programs Women at the World's Crossroads by Maude Royden. Woman's Press. New Could be developed In one meeting York. $1.25.

I. Ask Me Anotker. Questions and War: Its Causes, Consequence8 and II. answers on International Af- Cure by Kirby Page. Doran, New York. III. fairs. National League of Wom- $1:50. IV. en Voters, 1015 Grand Central V. Terminal Bldg., New York. 10c. International Friendship Through Ck-il- dren's Books by Clara W. Hunt. Book VI. Is the United States Cooperating lists. League of Nations Association, 6 VII. to Build Permanent Peace? The East 39th St., New York. 5c. Inquiry, 129 East 52d St., New York. Free. Disarmament by Salvado de Madari- aga. Comprehensive, witty study of the Thinking Peace: A Quiz. Wom- international movement to limit armies en's Missionary Society, Re- and navies. Coward-McCann, 425 formed Church in the U. S., Fourth Ave., New York. $5.00. 1505 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa. Sttrvey of Foreign Relations by Charles 10c. P. Howland. Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn., $5.00. Is America Blocking tke Way to World Peace? N. Y. League of America's Naval Challenge by Fred- Women Voters, 420 Lexington erick Moore. Explodes arguments for a Ave., New York. 25c. larger Navy. Macmillan, New York. $1.50. Arbitration, the Only Substitute for War. 150 Questions and Highways to International Goodwill Answers. National Committee by Walter Van Kirk. Abingdon Press, on the Cause and Cure of War. New York. $1.00. 1116 Grand Central Terminal Bldg., New York. 15c. Dr…….atizatioDs Our Foreign Policy. Discussion in The Nations Talk About Peace. Round form of questions and answers. Table Discussion. Very good on League N. Y. Federation of Progressive of Nations. League of Nations Associa- Women, 15 East 40th St., New tion, 6 East 39th St., New York. Mimeo- York. 15c. graphed. lOco Know Your Foreign Policy. Series Bigger and Better Wars by J. Clyde of 6 pamphlets. Nat ion a 1 Keegan. Presents causes of war and League of Women Voters, 1015 sentiment on folly of war. Powell and Grand Central Terminal Bldg., White, Edwards Bldg., Cincinnati, Ohio. New York. 20c. 50c.

Bibliography A Pageam.t of Peace by Beula.h Ma.rie The Turn Toward Peace by Florence Dix. Depicts War and his followers and Brewer Boeckel. Council of Women for Peace and his follOWers. American School Citizenship League, 295 Common- wealth Ave., Boston. 12c.

t Ha. comprehensive Bibliography on Peace and International Problem•.

They Juat Won't Talk by Mary Kath- busy men and women. Federal Council erine Reely. Short. Impresses need for of Churches, 105 East 22d St., New abolition of war toys. Reprint from York. Free. (Many other helpful The Virginia, Teacher. To be secured pamphlets are prepared by the Federal from E. Estelle Downing, Michigan State Council.) Normal School, Ypsilanti, Mich. 10c. What Do You Know About Disarma- Other dramatizations and pageants ment? National League of Women may M obtained from National Council Voters, 1015 Grand Central Terminal for Prevention of War, 532 17 St., N. W., Bldg., New York. 5c. Washington, D. C. and from League of Nations Association, 6 East 39th St., Essential Facts in Regard to The New York, and from The Commission on League of Nations, The World Court and Missions (Congregational), 14 Beacon the International Labor Organizatlion. St., Boston, Mass. 5c. A study course is also based on this pamphlet. League of Nations Associa- Pamphlets tion, 6 East 39th St., New York.

A PracticaJ Program for the Promo- International Concilia,tion. Monthly tion of International Goodwill. Bureau except July and August. 25c for one of Education, U. S. Department of In- year, $1.00 for five years. Carnegie Enterior, Washington, D. C. (Write for dowment for International Peace, 405 other leaflets also.) Free. West 117th St., New York.

The Moral Damage of War to the GEORGE WASHINGTON SAID School Child by Walter Walsh. American Peace Society, Washington, D. C. From The World Almanac, 1931 5c. Our Constitution enjoins that the will The Multilateral Treaty. National of the majority shall prevail. League of Women Voters, 1015 Grand Central Terminal Bldg., New York. 5c. No man can with propriety or good conscience correct others for a fault he The Renunciation of War by Kirby is guilty of himself. Page. Doubleday Doran Co., New York. 10c. Virtue or morality is a necessary spring of popular government. The WM'ld Co'urt by George Mc- Kesham. Workers Education Press, 476 Truth will ultimately prevail where W. 24th St., New York. 25c. there is pains taken to bring it to light.

The World Court by Manley O. Hud- Teach the people themselves to know son. World Peace Foundation, Boston, and to value their own rights. Mass. 30e. The propitious smiles of Heaven can The Root Formula and the W M'ld never be expected on a nation that dis- Court. National League of Women regards the eternal rules of order and Voters, 1015 Grand Central Terminal right which Heaven itself has ordained. Bldg., New York. 10e. The very idea of the power and right ChristirLnity's Supreme Rival by Harry of the people to establish government Emerson Fosdick. Riverside Church, presupposes the duty of every individ- New York. 10e. ual to obey the established goverriment.

Let Us Have No More War by Ruth Every attempt to alienate any portion Boyce. Good Housekeeping, New York. of our country from the rest should be 25c. indignantly frowned upon.

The Way to a Warle8s World by Let us impart all the blessings we pos- Evelyn Riley Nicholson. Abingdon Press, sess, or ask for ourselves, to the whole New York. 25c. family of mankind.

War, Its Causes, Consequences and My public al.d private sentiments are Cure by Kirby Page. Doran, New York. at all times alike. 15c. If I have faltered more or less Reports of the Conferences on the In my great task of happiness; Cause and Cure of War. 4 vols., each If I have moved among my race 50c. Vol. 1930 Conference, $1. National And shown no glorious morning face; Committee on the Cailse and Cure of If beams from happy human eyes War, 1511 Grand Central Terminal Have moved me not; if morning skies, Bldg., New York. Books, and my food, and summer rain Knocked on my sullen heart in vain- A Ten-Year Review of the League of Lord, thy most pointed pleasure take, Nations. League of Nations Associa- And stab my spirit broad awake; tion, 6 East 3!Jth Street, New York. 15c. Or Lord, if too obdurate I, Choose Thou, before that spirit die, International Relations of the United A piercing pain, a killing sin, States. Series of brief summaries for And to my dead heart run them in!

-Robert Louis Stevenson, in The Celestial Surgeon.

inundation of her province

this decided answer to the question: Freedom for the Gospel "Why not wait till China is settled?"

T HE Chinese Nationalist Govern- "There is much need just now, and ment has not thus far put any you can scarcely imagine us giving legal restraint upon the preaching of the Chinese a few texts and departthe Christian Gospel in churches, ing, saying we will be back when the chapels, markets or homes. On the country becomes peaceful. That sort contrary, reports from China show a of thing is not done in decent circles great and general receptiveness to the at home, and surely we are above such Gospel and its missionaries eve n things in the Master's service out am 0 n g -students of government here." schools. Though the Lord allows some to The Board of Foreign Missions of suffer, His power and protection are the Presbyterian Church says in a re- manifest. But let prayer continue, for cent report: "the weapons of ·our warfare are not carnal, but mighty through God to In view of the fact that our evan- the pulling down of strongholds."- gelistic missionaries are fewer by 15 China's Millions. per cent than in 1925, the Board would cooperate to the fullest degree possible Public Education Program with the Chinese Church's present evangelistic movement by calling and ap- T HE National Educational Conferpointing to this work China's full usual ence at Nanking, with over a share of the accepted candidates of the hundred delegates from twenty-one current year, by making at least the provinces, urged a program of deusual provision for theological schools velopment, within twenty years, of and Bible training institutes, and by facilities for elementary education for urging all missionaries whose activities forty million children of school age, in other directions are hindered to de- to require 1,400,000 teachers, one milvote themselves to enthusiastic evan- lion schoolrooms and an annual budget gelism with their Chinese associates. of $280,000,000; also facilities within the same time for adult education for Missionaries in China two hundred million adults ranging from 16 to 60 years, using the public T HE Rev. Charles L. Boynton, edi- school facilities and an additional tor of the Directory of Protestant budget of $250,OOO,OOO.-The Congre- Missions in China for the year 1930 re- gationalist. ports that there were 6,346 Protestant missionaries on April I, 1930, as com- Persecution in China pared with approximately 8,250 on January I, 1927. Of these, 5,496 are CHRISTIANITY has never in its reported as in China and 950 absent history been as severely perseon furlough, making a net increase cuted as it is now being per.secuted in of 811 in China as compared with the Russia and in parts of China. The corresponding date in 1929 and an in- present persecution is subtle in its crease of 1,183 over 1928.-Chinese Recorder.

A Time to Go Forward ONE of the China Inland mission- methods and inspired by hatred. Yet aries who has been forced from the persecutors are by no means her station by the present military wholly bad, in fact their interest in 141

and sympathy for the downtrodden reported ravaged and the majority of man has probably been indirectly in- Chinese slain. The bodies were left spired (and unknown to them) by the unburied, scattered over the country- Christian Gospel. side. Leader·s of the despoilers were China has a larger border on Rus- identified as military generals, sworn sia than any other country, and it is enemies of the Chinese and the Na- inevitable that there must be much tionalist Government. Russian influence there. Today there For more than half a century the are perhaps 100,000 military men un- Moslems have battled against their der Soviet orders in China. Chinese overlords in this scantily pop- We ask you to pray that we may be ulated and wild area.

faithful witnesses and delivered from Before the Christian era bands of evil. For a long time Christian mis- Tartars surged from Turkestan into sionaries have been welcomed in Northwest China. Mohammedans to- China, and pOBBibly our work has been day make up a third of the population, too easy. Now it is difficult and we and since they are ethnically distinct must be faithful. The registration of from the Chinese and maintain their ·schools creates a problem, but the own customs, hatred is bitter between Nanking Government has not forbid- the two groups. The most serious up- den voluntary Christian teaching, and rising occurred between 1861 and our most imp'ortant task is to keep 1877. One of the most recent con- the Christian teachers in touch with flicts was on September 24th last year, the Chinese boys and girls. To close with 3,000 Mohammedans reported the schools would defeat this end. We slain by Chinese.

must be faithful witnesses to Christ.

-Bishop Roots, of Hankow. Oontinued 7'rouble in Ohina Moslem Uprising HONAN, Hunan, Hupeh, Kiangsi and Chekiang Provinces-all in ADISPATCH to the New York East Central China – are still the Times from Shanghai, dated Dec. Bcenes of violent "Red" activity. These 28, reports that at least 30,000 Chi- Communists are reported to have cap- nese in Northwestern Kansu Province tured a number of towns, destroying had been massacred during the last property, looting and killing.

two months by roving armies of Mo- Kanchow, Southern Kiangsi Prov- hammedans attempting to start a ince, center of Communist disturb- revolution against the Nationalist ances for more than a year, which is Government. The Mohammedans were one of the towns reported captured, is massacring, burning towns and laying the station of the China Inland Mis- waste the countryside. Two years ago sion.

the Mohammedans went on the war- Figures compiled by the vernacular path and pillaged, looted and murdered press indicated Communists and ban- thousands of Chinese. dits in Kiangsi Province had slain The Nationalist Government has 130,000 persons and destroyed prop- been asked to send troops to oppose erty valued at approximately $100,- the Mohammedans, "otherwise every 000,000 during the past year.

living Chinese of Northwest Kansu, These figures, while considered ex- where Mohammedan authority now cessive, present evidence of the de- reigns supreme, will be slain." struction of life and property by out- Dispatches report that an army of laws roaming the Yangtse Valley, Mohammedans, "entered one wwn of whose depredations continue daily.

20,000 inhabitants, looted everything The Nationalist Government i.s do- and then killed every person before ing its utmost to eliminate the bandit- burning the town with its streets piled Communist menace.

high with corpses." Two missionaries from Basle, Er- Many districts near Liangchow were nest Fischel and Edward Walters,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

have been released, upon payment of come their authorized parent. The ransom, by bandits who held them same law stipUlates that the parent captive for sixteen months in the in- has within the conformity to laws of terior of Kwangtung. the country almost absolute power over their children until they reach JAPAN-KOREA maturity.

112,000 Pla.ees of Wo….hip The heart of Christ must yearn for these little victims who are murdered, FACTS of startling significance as speedily or slowly. Christians must . to the attendance and offerings at pray and also act to lift this curse some of the ancient shrines and tem- which rests upon the millions of J apples of Japan are revealed in an in- anese children.-The Friend of Japan. vestigation by the Shrine Bureau of the Japanese Home Office. Are Japanese Teachers Progressive!

The report states that there are AFEW days ago I was a guest at a 112,000 shrines, temples and other dinner given by thirty-five teachplaces of worship in Japan today, but ers of the Academy Department of daily offerings at the various shrines, Meiji Gakuin, our boys' school in which up to a few yeanl ago were Tokyo. At least three of these men more than enough to support the have studied theology abroad. Ansacred places, have dwindled to such other has written a large volume on an extent that they scarcely suffice to the fifty years' history of Meiji Gakuin keep the priests in the barest neces- and was a collaborator in producing a sities of life.-Outlook of Missions. recent commentary on the Gospel of John. Another has just completed a' Ill-Used Japanese Children commentary on Galatians, and is now seeking translation rights on one of JAPAN is known as the "paradise of the recent publications of the British children" but it is also a hell for theologian Moffatt. Still another is many little ones. A Japanese news- the editor of a magazine for Sundaypaper reveals the shocking conditions school workers, and contributes arexisting among thousands of children ticles for children to one of the in Japan. This paper reports 200,000 leading church weeklies. illegitimate children ate born annually in Japan; that half-a-milUon little This is a glimpse of the inside life ones are destroyed in various ways of our mission school in Tokyo. Conevery year. Over 1,000 babie,s an- stantly the quality of the corps of innually are forsaken on the streets by structors is improving, and a constant those who are supposed to be their effort is being made to exert a strong guardians. The leading acts in the Christian influence on our 1,600 stu- Japanese circus are dangerous feats dents.-H. V. E. Stegeman, in Chrisperformed by hesitant little children, tian InteUigencer. uncertain and afraid. Babies are purchased at different prices from the Methodism United in Korea brokers by greedy people who hope to develop their purchases into merchan- ACABLEGRAM received fro m dise of great value. There are also Bishop James C. Baker states that numerous "Homes" all over Japan the Korean missions of the Methodist where little girls are being trained to Episcopal Church and of the Methodist become licensed prostitutes. The same Episcopal Church, South, were united paper (Tokyo Nicki-Nichi) reports into an independent Korea Methodist that 4,000,000 children (presumably Church on Mbnday, December 8. The little girls) under the age of 15, are Rev. Ju-Sam Ryang, a Korean, who engaged in slavish toil. The Civil Law has for six years served as superinof Japan provides that anybody with tendent of the Siberian-Korea Misindependent status may adopt chil- sion, the organization of the Church, dren, no matter how many, and be- South, was elected the first bishop of

the new church. Bishop Ryang is a mountain peak down to the court in graduate of Vanderbilt University and Seoul. How like its functions to those of Yale Divinity School (B.D., '14). He of churches. North, east, south and is also chairman of the Korea National west from these centers the Gospel Christian Council, and was a delegate has gone and is giving out Gospel to the ,ferusalem Meeting of the In- light.-Charles AUen Clark.

ternational Christian Council in 1928.

The new Methodist Church in.Korea THE ISLANDS OF THE SEA starts with a total membership of New Situation in Dutch East Indies T about 25,000; an -ordained Korean HE missions of the Netherland-s are confined principally to the ministry of 125; and will have some 800 churches and chapels. Dutch East Indies, which have a pop- Sunday School Institute ulation of about sixty millions. It is possible for their missionaries to get AFIVE-DAY Sunday School Teach- along with their own language, which ers Institute was conducted in is taught in many of the schools, and Anju, Korea, last summer. Matricula- with the Malay. The work is carried tion fees were paid by 165, about 500 on in two large areas, Java, with Ma- attended each evening and at least dura and the other islands which are 1,500 participated in the open air rally termed the "outer districts." Java has and parade.. Work was presented for a popUlation of 35,000,000, mostly Mo- leaders of three different age groups. hammedan. Islam is said to be more Delegates came from as far as 80 fanatical in the west than in the east.

miles distant and probably one-half It has started a new movement, which journeyed an average of 30 miles, and has come over from British India and mostly on foot. The motto was "Thy from Egypt. It is seen in two asso- Kingdom Come" and each day the ciations, the Sarikat Islam and the chapel talk followed some phase of Mohammedyah, which seem to embody that slogan. the Mohammedan sentiment. Their "Anju is an ancient city, possibly activity is exerted mainly in erecting over 1,000 years old. The old crum- schools for teaching Mohammedanism bling walls are still left and two of the and establishing hospitals and poor ancient gates beside -several of the houses. At the same time Islam lookout pavilions. All of the houses -strives to adapt itself to the newer of the inner city were destroyed in education. This has created a new the Chinese-Japanese War of 1895. situation for missions. Christians are There was a battle here in the J ap- now frequently asked as to their mes- anese-Russian War in 1904, and there sage about God. In Java, where for- are Russian and Japanese graves up merly baptisms could be counted by on the hill above the town. In 1903 tens, they now occur by the hundreds.

there wasn't a Christian within ten Self-supporting congregations are be- miles. Today there are 1,200 in the ing formed and the training of Javan town and large churches in the vil- pastors and evangelists has become a lages in all directions, all self-support- live problem.

ing and under their own pastors. In Equally good reports come from the 1903 the whole wall of the city was "outer districts." Some regions are lined with little spirit shrines and already entirely Christianized. The there were high altars on the hills. most important of the Molucca Islands Now we do not find one shrine though are Christian. In the Sangi and Ta- we may hear the boom of the sor- laut Islands the largest part of the ceress' drum. Up in the hill near the population is Christian. Two ques- town is one of those ancient 'fire tions there agitate the minds, one, how mountains' where they used to build to make the church self-supporting, fires as signals of danger, ,signals that the other, how to teach the Christian were relayed from mountain peak to religion to those of the third genera-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

tion. In New Guinea apparently the Cardinals, vice-president of Men's population is becoming Christian in Work Commission, Methodist Episcomass movements. The mission work pal Church; Herbert L. Willett, Chithere is now 75 years old. At first cago; J. T. Henderson, Knoxville; progress was slow. Even twenty-five Myers Y. Cooper, Governor of Ohio; years ago there were only 500 Papuan G. L. Morelock, Nashville; and Ray- Christians. Today there are more mond Rvbins, New York. In recent than 151,000. years there have been numerous men's conventions, as,sembled by certain Oriental-ADlericBllS in Hawaii groups enthusiastic for a forward THESE new Oriental-Americans are march among the men of the church, making a place for themselves. but this is the first gathering that has This is strikingly true of the J apa- been formed by authorized represennese, who now number 137,000 out of tatives of the constituent denominaa total population of 357,000, and who tions. outnumber' the pure Hawaiian stock on a ratio of nearly seven to one. The purpoae of the convention was These Japanese came as plantation six-fold: laborera, yet a recent report shows that only 9,197 Japanese are now em- 1. To make men see the place of the ployed in plantation labor, while of Church in our modern world. the 63,000 Filipinos on the islands, 34,345 are working on sugar planta- 2. To evaluate and vitalize religious tions. The Filipinos are today sup- mvvements among men. plying the labor which was provided by the Japanese a generation ago, 3. To develop in men loyalty to dewhile the Japanese have built them- nominational agencies and programs. selves permanently into the business and social fabric of Hawaii. 4. To promote among men interde- nominational fellowship and coopera- It would be difficult to find under tion.

5. To construct better programs for men in local churches.

6. To lead men to know the mean- ing ,of Christ in their lives.

the American flag a group of school children cleaner, better behaved, mvre Federal Council Convictions W attractive in appearance, or more HAT is the attitude of the Prot- estant Churches of America with eager and able to learn than the 70,- 000 boys and girls attending the pub- reference to unemployment, the world lic schools of Hawaii. With these Court, conscience and citizenship, the American boys and girls of Asiatic control of the liquor traffic, inter- origin, the future of Hawaii rests, and racial relations, social justice, evan- with them is the great opportunity of gelism? How are Christian principles the Christian church.-Jay S. Stowell. to be applied to live issues of the day in The Christian Advocate. and the Christian s p i r i t extended among our people?

NORTH AMERICA Such were the questions faced by Men's Congress in Cincinnati the annual meeting of the Executive ON DECEMBER 11 and 12, the Committee of the Federal Council of churchmen's (longress was held in Churches meeting in Washington, De- Cincinnati, famed for soap and beer cember 2 and 3, and the Council exand formerly for bad government. pressed firmly and clearly the Chris- More than 600 men gathered from ,tian conviction on such subjects. Two twenty-two denominations and all hundred delegates were present, repparts of the United States. The rep- resenting twenty-seven evangelical resentative speakers included Branch churches. Rickey, St. Louis, vice-president and Thl'oughout the meeting much em- general manager of the St. Louis phasis was placed on evangelism and 5

the deeper concerns of the spiritual ing on the life of children, present or life. A ringing message on evangel- future, has been neglected. Mea,sures ism was adopted unanimously. will be suggested and attempted for the protection, conservation and im- The Council did not hesitate to provement of the young lives whose speak plainly and emphatically what is course will coincide with that of the undoubtedly the dominant, if not Nation in coming years. The thirtyunanimous, conviction of the churches five million normal children will be on important national and interna- given consideration as well as the ten tional questions of the day. It urged million variously deficient through imimmediate ratification of the WorId proper nourishment, physical handi- Court protocols now before the Senate. caps or twisted minds. In this latter It also took hearty action advising group are 14,400 blind children, 50,- against building up the navy to the 000 who partially see, and who should full limit allowed. be in sight-saving classes; 342,000 so hard of hearing that they should be On the question of "Conscience and taught lip-reading; 1,000,000 so de- Citizenship" the Executive Committee fective in speech that they require held that "our country is benefited by treatment; 300,000 cripples; 382,000 having as citizens those who unswerv- tuberculosis victims; 850,000 more ingly foHow the dictates of their con- with a trend toward tuberculosis; science and who put allegiance to God 1,000,000 with we a k or damaged above every o.ther consideration." hearts; 675,000 presenting serious behavior problems; and 450,000 men- Religion in the United States tally retarded.

T HE 1926 Federal Census of Re- First Annual Youth Meet ligious Bodies in the United States presents interesting statistics on re- OF OUTSTANDING interest has ligion in this country: Fifty-five per been Colorado's first ann u a I cent of the adult population of the "Youth Conference" under the leader- United States are church members. ship of Rev. Harold M. Gilmore, di- Of the church membership, 61.5 per rector of the Colorado Council of Recent is Protestant, 30 per cent is Ro- ligious Education. It met December man Catholic, 6.6 per cent is Jewish. 5-7, in Denver. There were 425 paid Other bodies, including Mormons and registrations, from more than a dozen Eastern Orthodox, total 1.9 per cent. denominations. There are 232,000 churches in the country, maintained by voluntary The conference was divided into gifts, as against 256,000 public school six commissions each with an adult buildings, maintained by public taxa- leader and each group studied one of tion. It would be interesting to dis- the following subjects: (1) Personal cover the real abiding results, in char- Power of Jesus; (2) Worship and acter building and service, that come Prayer; (3) Christian Conduct; (4) from the money and effort expended Christian Unity; (5) Christian Soon churches and on schools. ciety; (6) Other Youths. A report from each commission was presented Children Who Need Help at the final session.

T HREE thousand leaders from many A permanent organization was parts of the United States, sum- formed with a representative from moned by President Hoover, met each denomination, each section of the in the White House Conference on state, and each type of young people's Child Health and Protection in No- organization. Willard Bozet of Denvember. A thousand specialists from ver was elected president. The genmany fields of child welfare work have eral subject of the conference was been gathering facts in preparation "The Jesus Way of Life." for this conference. No influence bear-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Prohibition on the Bowery Two hundred and fifty Japanese fam- COMMANDER EVANGELINE ilies are living in and around New BUUTH Qf the Salvation Army York. The New York Japanese Chrissaid recently that in the days before tian Alliance, which receives some aid Prohibition, a corps of stretcher-bear- from Congregational churches, has in ers sent out by the Army on Saturday its three centers of religious work a nights in New York City used to col- Sunday-school for Japanese children, lect from 1,200 to 1,300 intoxicated church services and a very effective inmen and women from the streets and stitutional and "welcome work" for take care of them until they had unmarried men and visitors to the sobered up. SQmetimes they were city.-Congregationalist.

()bliged even to hire wagons to load Oanadian Baptist RODle Missions the "drunks" and take them to the mission to care for them. After Pro- I N THE past ten years, says The hibition came in, the number was Canadian Baptist:- reduced to 400 almost immediately. Pastors-368 have been stationed Now the average is about seven in all on fields, an average of about 37 a for a Saturday night. year.

Students-A yearly average of 50 Japanese in New York student pastors has been supported, NOT less than 3,000 Japanese trav- thereby supplying the needs of the elers, well-to-do men, often with stUdents, as well as of many churches. their wives, pass through New York Churches Organized – 27 churches City each year. Also about 500 pro- have been organized, an average of fessiQnal, official and business men nearly three a year.

from Japan are living in the city. Missionaries Ordained – 63 h a v e Seventy per cent are less than thirty- been ordained, an average of over six five years old. The very cream of a year.

Japanese young men are being sent Mission Churches Become Self-Sup- here by government agencies, banks, porting-About 60 churches have be- steamship lines and industrial ,firms. come self-supporting, an average of They stay a year or two, then gQ to six per year.

London or some other European city, Chapels Opened-65 church edifices and finally return to become leaders in have been completed, an average of .Japanese commercial life. Aoout a six and a half a year.

thousand Japanese young men are en- BaptIsms – 6,293 candidates have gaged in domestic service in and been baptized, an average of 629 per around New York. Many of them year.

came as students and Qn account of New Missions Established-30 new financial reasons were unable to con- missions have been opened, 10 in New tinue their studies. They include in- Ontario, 10 New-Canadian and 10 dividuals of the finest type. Some have English-speaking in Old Ontario and renewed their studies and completed Quebec, an average of three per year.

their education_ Among these latter is TOYQhiko Kagawa, Japan's foremost Pioneer Work in Alaska T social reformer, who worked as a serv- HE Rev. Dr_ John W. Chapman, of the Protestant EpiscQpal Church, ant for two summers in New York City. Existing immigration regula- is retiring from service in Alaska tions prevent the recruiting of new after forty-three years.

servants even from the students. Only Known as the pioneer miSSionary students financially independent are of the Episcopal Church in the Yukon now admitted. This has reduced the Vall e y, Dr. Chapman established number in New York, so that instead Christ Mission at Anvik, where he has of between four and five hundred, ministered to Alaskan Indians and there are now less than one hundred. Eskimos, 400 miles up the Yukon

River. He has been succeeded in the 1892 and was a principal hOllpital in a work by his son, the Rev. Henry H. chain of institutions 150 miles apart.

Chapman, who was the first white boy to be born in the Yukon Valley. LATIN AMERICA Describing conditions when he first New Days in Mexico arrived at Anvik, he said: "MEXICO is in better condition "The people were absolutely unin- than it has been since I first structed, and were living in practically saw it, a quarter of a century ago,"

the same condition and according to writes Dr. Samuel Guy Inman, Secre- the same ideas and habits of life as tary of the Committee on Cooperation their ancestors. They were clothed in Latin America.

mostly in skins and were getting along "The recent celebration of the nine- almost wholly by hunting and fishing. teen hundredth anniversary of Pen- They were I i vi n g in underground tecost has brought s 0 me splendid houses, dark, dismal and filthy, and spiritual results to Protestantism in they knew no English and we didn't Mexico. One cannot enter an evangeli- know their language. cal church, talk with the evangelical "This situati'on has changed en- workers, or attend interdenomination- tirely. The people are now living in al meetings without appreciating this decent log houses; they have learned influence. All of the churches had our language; they have come into special retreats, sunrise meetings and our church; they and their children Bible studies for weeks before the have been educated in our schools; day itself, and a month after the they have cultivated habits of cleanli- celebration many of these meetings ness, order and industry. They have were continued -as revival services.

learned self-respect. They have even Large numbers of people were brought learned self-government, for at Anvik into church membeI1ship and ministers the few officials are elected. Long and members alike have had profound before you adopted prohibition here, religious experiences. This was par- we imposed it upon ourselves up there. ticularly apparent in interdenomina- We also enforce it. The natives and tional affairs and relationships between the traders aljke drive the bootleggers foreign and national workers.

out as fast as they appear."-The The Committee on Cooperation in Churchman. Mexico and the National Christian Council recently held profitable ses- Grenfell Hospital Burned sions and the Committee -on Coopera- T HE Grenfell Hospital at BattIe tion in Mexico was merged with the Harbor, Labrador, was destroyed National Christian Council, which is by fire on November 3d. ready to organize seriously and take The Grenfell building was unoccu- on real responsibilities. The Mexicans pied, as the mission was moved into requested that missionaries be mem- winter quarters further inland at the bers of the Council. The Boards will end of October. The hospital was designate a missionary who will rep- equipped with twenty beds and was in resent their viewpoint in the Council.

charge of Dr. Moret. It brings deep j.oy to see how much Battle Harbor, a village north of has been accomplished in cooperation Bell e Isle Strait, contains eighty in Mexico in the last fifteen years.

families. Here Sir Wilfred Grenfell Then we had no territorial distribu- has done some of his most notable tion of responsibility, no union insti- work in giving aid through his mis- tutions. Our difficulties have not all sion to the fisher folk of this n~n-thern disappeared yet. Undoubtedly these territory. have come because we have trusted The hospital at Battle Harbor was more in machinery than in the Holy the first one built in Labrador by Doc- Spirit. Spiritual things can not be tor Grenfell. It was constructed in forced. Cooperation must be spiritual

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

or it is nonexistent. In the face of Further information may be ob- Mexico's great challenge today, in the tained from the secretary of the assopresence of the nineteen hundredth ciation, Mr. Robert A. Doan, 50 West anniversary of Pentecost, we ought to Broad Street, Columbus, Ohio. advance into a new era of cooperation, and victory for the Gospel." Feeding Porto Rican Children A Religions Center in Buenos Aires J AST March a school census revealed L that 201,000 children of Porto T HE Association for Christian Co- operation, organized in September Rico· were suffering from malnutriwith Rufus M. Jones as president and tion. Dr. J. S. Crumbine of the Charles J. Ewald as executive secre- American Health Association, who ditary, is offering help in the spiritual rected the survey, found the schools renaissance of Latin America, "where were "filled with underfed, stunted, North American religious forms and diseased children" and declared their institutions are neither appropriate condition to be "a matter for national nor congenial." concern."

The association has offered assist- F'ollowing this survey there was ance to a "Cultural Center for Reli- formed the Porto Rico Child Feeding gious Investigation" in Buenos Aires. Committee of which Governor Theo- The leader of this center is Julhl Na- dore Roosevelt is the honorary chairvarro Monzo, a journalist who has man. This committee is asking the associated with him a group of pro- American public for $500,000 to professional people, university students vide a ,supplementary meal for 50,000 and others who are intere.sted in the of the most seriously undernourished quest for fuller religious truth. Dr. school children. Every cent contributed Monzo plans to open his center to in the United States will be spent for people of all points of view, the only food. Other expenses will be met by qualifications necessary being an open funds of the insular government, unmind and a questing spirit. Art, sci- der the direction of the Commissioner ence, philosophy, history, psychology of Education. and sociology are all to have their place along with spiritual retreats and If a constructive health program is meetings for meditation and prayer. to be carried out and the menacing diseases of the island reduced there This venture is not to be regarded must be insistence on adequate. feedas competing with the missionary pro- ing vf the children, thousands of gram of the Churches, but rather as whom have been accustomed to but supplementing them" where a nonde- one meal a day. nominational approach i,s more effective. EUROPE The association issues the following A Forward Movement in Scotland statement: THIS is not a financial drive.. Nor "The purpose of the Association for is it a new piece of machinery Christian Cooperation ,shall be, in non- which has been created in the very ecclesiastical ways, to strengthen the elaborated workshop of the Church of bond of fellowship and cooperation be- Scotland. Its aim is not to claim tween groups in various countries who Scotland and the world for Presbyare seeking to further appreciation of terianism, but for our Lord Jesus Jesus Christ and to encourage fresh Christ. approaches to the problems of their respective peoples with a view to mak- The movement is an attempt to ing their life and culture more nearly bring to every member· and every conin accord with the spirit and quality gregation of the Church of Scotland of his life." a deeper and more informed sense of the service which we are all called to give, that the spirit of Christ may

penetrate and control the life of Scot- menced work. He was twice elected land and of all the world. It will seek moderator of the Free Church. There to create a new awarene,ss of our com- is a Duff Hall in Calcutta, also a Me- mitments and opportunities, and of morial Celtic Cross in Pitlochry in the infinite resources in God which honor of this distinguished Scot.

are available for us that we may ful- fil our 'Obligations. It is an attempt Protestantism in Spain S to appropriate and realize Acts 1: 8.IXTY years ago the doors of Spain There are two main methods by were opened to Evangelical Chris- which the Forward Movement will tianity. The Revolution of September, seek to express itself: (1) Through a 1868, deservedly known as "la Gl'Ori- call to the service of the Kingdom; osa," put an end to absolutism, and (2) Through local missions of the brought, with other modern rights, re- Kingdom.-Dr. Donald Fraser. ligious liberty. Up to that date a Spaniard could not profess any other Changes in the Salvatio~ Army religion than the Roman Catholic. As T HE High Council of the Salvation late as 1860 a 'group of Spanish gen- Army in London agreed upon two tlemen were prosecuted and sentenced important principles: (1) That any- to seven years of enforced labor for one holding the office of General shall meeting in private houses to read the retire at the age of seventy, without Bible and pray. And only through in- any option of extension; and (2) That sistent foreign influences, the sentence appointment to the office 'Of General was changed to banishment.

shall be by election, and not by the Today many Protestant denomina- per,sonal nomination of the retiring tions are represented in Spain. Scotch leader. The responsibilities of the and Irish Presbyterians started work General are such as to drain the in Andalucia. British and Irish Epis- energies even of a robust person in copalians help the Spanish Reformed the prime of life, and this burden is Church in Madrid, Seville, and other too heavy to be carried beyond sev- towns. German Lutherans and Re- enty. The second provision will give formed support Pastor Frederic Flied- to the Salvation Army a comprehen- ner, who founded the Colegio de E~ sively democratic constitution such as Porvenir, and established work in is best fitted for an international or- other places. Plymouth Brethren have ganization. There is every cause to a flourishing work in Galicia, and hope and to believe that 1930 will be other parts. British Methodists have regarded in the future as a historic churches and schools at Catalufia and year in the Army's history, and all the Balearic Islands. Lately the Meth- its members and their multitudes of odist Episcopal and the Baptist, South, Christian friends will pray that it of America, have come also to help.

may go on from strength to strength These denominations maintain gener- in the service of the Lord Jesus ally fraternal relati'Ons. There are Christ. many Evangelical Spaniards who la- ment the multiplicity of names and Alexander Duff Honored would have a single Evangelical PITLOCHRY in Perthshire observed, Church for all Spain. The American in December, the centenary of the Congregationalists have been working sending out of Alexander Duff as the in Spain since 1871 and now have six first missionary of the Church of ·stations.

Scotland. This town was the birth- No complete ,statistics have ever been place of this pioneer of educational made. The total Evangelical Spaniards missions in India. He sailed from is reckoned by some as about 10,000, Scotland in 1829, but he was twice others go much further and say 20,- shipwrecked enroute, so that it was 000. But the progress made by the the following year in which he com- Evangelical work cannot be measured

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

by statistics. Protestants are a very was arrested 'On April 14, accused of small minority. Still, the mere fact making attacks upon Islam in a public of their existence is an incalculable meeting. The charges were false but benefit for Spain, and their influence the government and court were pre- is immensely out ·of proportion with dominantly Moslem, and it looked for their numerical strength.-C. Aranjo a time as though he might be con- Garcia, in The Congregationalist. victed. Since the time of his arrest there has been much earnest prayer Rediscovery in Germany offered for him by the Christians 'Of T AST year was the 400th anniver- Egypt and America. His acquittal L sary of the Augsburg Confessi'On, means a great deal for the cause of the creed 'Of Lutheranism, the central religious liberty in the Moslem world.

article 'Of which is justification by faith. There is reported t'O be a re- A Railway Church B vival 'Of this great Christian d'Octrine ISHOP Gwynne of Egypt and the Sudan, already po·ssesses a "railin present-day G e r man preaching. Dr. Erich Strange describes it as "a way church" as a means 'Of ministerveritable flood from God. The redis- ing to the little groups of English 'Ofcovery of the old Reformation mes- ficials, engineers and other workers sage by the younger people in the wh'O are to be found at or near various church, and especially by its future points on the Sudan railway. To quote leaders, is even more c'Omplete. Again the Bishop: "It is like an 'Ordinary in the pulpits 'Of Germany the justifi- railway carriage, but inside we have cation 'Of the sinner by faith is being an altar table, a combined reading preached with a new joy. This refor- desk and pulpit, the altar rail, and mation teaching has became the vital twenty-five f'Olding chairs. Then there object 'Of theological discussion. The are the chaplain's quarters, with a Bong 'Of the Reformation has entered bedroom, a dressing-room, and a bath- 'On a course so overpowering that one room, and right at the back is the of our most venerated theol'Ogical servant's room and the kitchen." The teachers lately declared it to be ·one carriage is attached to any train which of the greatest hopes of the Church. is going in the desired direction and The message 'Of the justiiication 'Of run into a siding. Word is sent round the sinner has left its old and safe to the resident British or other Engplace in the system 'Of orthodox lish-speaking people, and they came to a service. Then the carriage moves preaching and has come 'Once more .on. It journeys 3,000 miles and gets like a sharp, two-edged sword into the great conflict of the century whose round to all the stations in a month. children we are. This teaching has The Bishop believes his railway church again became the sign that divides to be unique, but we believe something spirits. Because this has come to pass like it used to be employed on the among 'the younger generation, the South African Railways.-Chronicle Confession of Augsburg is a living of the L. M. S.

creed and one that is w'Orthy 'Of c'On- Eritrea. Missions sideration today." THE oldest missionary work carried AFRICA on by Swedish Christians in Eri- Acquitted in Cairo trea is being sy.stematically throttled by the Italian government. For the SHEIKH KAMIL EFFENDI MAN- last ten years Swedish societies are SUR, the Christian convert from f.orbidden to send out new mission- Islam in Cairo, has been acquitted. aries to thi·s Italian colony in East This Egyptian evangelist, a scholarly Africa. Even old missionaries who convert from Islam and ·one of the go home on furlough are not allowed most earnest and eloquent preachers, to return. The only relief came when

a few Waldensian missionaries from raised to emphasize the words. At Italy were permitted to work in this the close of the service two hundred field. went into the inquiry room and for days after they come confessing their Good New8 FroDl Kikuyu sins and seeking salvation.

REPORTS from the various Kikuyu This mission is now carried on un- stations show that the fierce op- der the Church of God, whose headposition fanned by political agitators quarters are at Anderson, Indiana. has begun to diminish. At Tumu- They have in this field sixty schools Tumu nearly 200 members have re- with 2,300 pupils taught by Africans; turned to Communion during the last also a hospital, and a Dorcas Society. two years. At Kikuyu, at a baptismal The work has extended to the Abaservice in August, the congregation Kisa and Aba-Sot-so Tribes. The peonumbered 1,400, while 31 were bap- ple themselves have built several stone tized into the Church and 48 were ac- churches, holding four to five hundred cepted as inquirers. Every Sunday, each. All are filled each Sabbath. writes'Dr. Arthur, sees 5, 10, 15 peo- They are building a new church at the ple stand up for Christ before their main station, 112 feet long by 72 feet fellows by taking the vow to be done wide. The Christians are earnest and with evil practices. The local income exceedingly liberal in their giving. of churches aNd ,schools has been affected, and the Mission Council and WESTERN ASIA Church have appealed for special help to enable the African Church to main~ New ArDlenian Refuge"," tain its stand against the powers of darkness. I T IS estimated that -since November, 1929, between five and six thou- Changes in Central Africa sand Armenian refugees have been forced to leave Turkey, most of whom MR. A. W. BAKER, of the S'outh are now living in a camp at Der-El- African Compounds and Interior Zor. Others are located in camps in Mission, writes of the transforma- Beirut and Aleppo. A representative tions noted on a recent tour into the of the "Friends of Armenia" states interior, among the Ba-Ngori people that "while no fresh massacres have near the Equator. The change in the occurred in Turkey, the Armenians modes of travel, from caravan, canoe are still made to feel that their presand oxcart to railroad ,steamers and ence in that country is as unwelcome automobile, is not so great as the as ever, and the pressure which conchange in the once savage Africans. tinues to be put upon them makes it Twenty-five years ago a mission was impossible for them to remain. A planted by Mr. Wilson about twenty- short time ago it was reported in the two miles north of Kisumu, a port on daily newspapers that Turkey has a Lake Victoria. The people were wholly population of between 30,000 and 40,- pagan and naked, except the married 000 Armenians, and that they are all women who wore a narrow belt of likely to be expelled very shortly." skin around the waist. Drunkenness, licentiousness and witchcraft abounded. Ten Yean at Aleppo On his recent visit to the station Mr. Baker stood on a table in a plantation T HE Rev. L. M. Witherspoon of the and looked upon a crowd of over 1,000 Syria Mi-ssion of the Presbyterian Africans, all decently clothed, and was Church sends the following account thrilled to hear them sing: "I have on the tenth anniVersary of that misthe joy of Jesus down in my heart, sion: glory to His name." As the last line was sung, a thousand right arms were Of far greater worth to us than mag- nificent buildings, is the satisfaction that young men and women are interested in the Church and Christian service; that there are Arabs who have learned some-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

thing of Christian love as expressed in remainder ·of the Iraq kingdom and the clinic at Deir-ez-Zor; that in the make it an independent territory unfanatical city of Hamath, because of the der the League of Nations. influence of a missionary family there, young men have been led to see the In this Mosul area are about 350,000 beauty and power of Christ and are people, including 60,000 Assyrian ready to follow Him; that in one town Christians, about 60,000 Uniat Chrisnortheast of Aleppo there is a Christian tians, and thousands of J acobites, Arwho gathers the people in his home for menians, Jews, Yezidis, and Sabreans, prayer, a man whose word is to be representing men, women and children trusted by Moslems, Jews and Christians threatened with persecution and exabove that of any other man of the town. termination if turned over to a fa- natic Arab government. When Aleppo station was opened, one missionary family represented the Mis- With the land lying between Turkey sion in this large northern section of and Arabia, through all the centuries, Syria. There was a school, primarily the continued existence of the little for Jewish children, conducted by the Christian groups is a wonderful evi- English Mission to the Jew. Also an dence of their faithfulness to their unorganized group of Syrian Protestants ancient Church. In spite of persecuwere meeting for worship under the di- tion, they have not succumbed to rection of the English Mission. The Islam. Presbyterian Mission had no church, school or any other organized work in INDIA-BURMA or near Aleppo. That missionary family, though giving only part time to the work The LayDlen's Inquiry of the Mission, found time to give lectures, encourage the services of Protes- THE Field Staff of the Laymen's tants and form helpful contacts with Foreign Missions Inquiry for India individuals. In 1921 the Aleppo church reached Bombay, October 31st. Six was organized with 34 charter members. American mission boards are coop- In the autumn of 1923 the mission began erating in the Inquiry – Baptist, educational work by the opening of a Congregational, Methodist, Episcopal, school for boys and girls of primary and Presbyterian, Reformed Church in intermediate grades. From that time on America and United Presbyterian. the work has prospered. The Field Staff for India is C. Lu- Government Problems in Iraq ther Fry, Ph.D., Institute of Social and Religious Research, (Sociology T HIS country is now a British man- and General Background); Paul F. date, but Great Britain expects to Cressey, Ph.D., Dept. of Sociology, University of Chicago, (Urban Sociask the League of Nations to release ology); Prof. D. J. Fleming, Ph.D., Union Theological Seminary, formerly the mandate obligation and establish of India, (Religious Education); Pres. E. L. Hendricks, Ph.D., Central Mis- Iraq as an independent state in 1932. souri State Teachers College, (Gen- eral Education); Prof. J. L. Hypes, The difficulties are that Iraq would Ph.D., Connecticut Agricultural Col- lege, (Rural Sociology); Orville A. be a Moslem state and the rights of Petty, Ph.D., Former President of Arnold College, Pastor, (Church); its non-Moslem minorities, especially Fennell P. Turner, B.A., Secretary, Methodist Epi·scopal Church South, the Christians, would be fatally jeop- S. S. Board, (Personnel); Prof. Fred J. Wampler, M.D., Medical College of ardized. The danger of wholesale Virginia, Formerly Missionary in China, (Medicine and Public Health) ; massacre is real; even with no mas- Miss Ruth F. Woodsmall, M.A., Exec- utive Secretary of Y. W. C. A. in Near sacres, there is a strong probability that Christian children would be forced to attend Moslem schools, and -Christian women to contract Moslem marriages. All legal procedure W()uld be in Moslem courts. The non-M·oslem minorities are largely concentrated in the region 'around Mosul which is not historicai1y .a part of the Arab kingdom but was included' in the mandated territory.

If Great Britain does not retain the mandate, a suggested solution is to :separate the Mosul region from the

East, (Women's Situation and Dis- pie listening through the windows so tinctive Activities). that we moved the night meetings in- Dr. Ralph E. Diffendorfer, Secre- to our school compound. There have tary of the Methodi,st Episcopal Board been many conversions, and there is a of Foreign Missions will act as con- longing in the hearts of the people sultant. that reminds us of outbreaks of re- vival in times past. There are pros- Missionaries Support Indian Desires pects 'Of great things."

BRITISH missionaries in India sent to the Round Table Conference Burmese Team in India T in London, a memorial which con- HE Student Gospel Team from Burma has been touring north Intained these moving words: dia and visited Lucknow and Allaha- "As Christian men and women we feel bad. There were fourteen on the that we cannot remain silent in regard team including the Rev. Mr. Dyer and to issues which have caused such wide- Miss Teale, American missionaries. spread and deep disturbance in the lives Of the Burmese six were women and of men. We have to face a situation six men and Chinese, Tamil and that is marked by misunderstanding, Karens were among the number. distrust and bitterness. We recognize They conducted religious services with that many explanations may be advanced the students and gave a popular conto account for this, but we would record cert at Lucknow. They impressed our conviction that the main cause is everyone with their sincerity and their to be found ·in the growing sense of abundant good nature. The team has. ignominy in the minds of the Indian d'One much good and has brought a people that the destiny of the nation lies new spiritual uplift wherever it has in the hands of another people. To us gone. the national awakening is a very real thing, and it is our belief that no settle- Centenary at Coimbatore ment will be satisfactory that does not respect Indian sentiment and make for THE London Missionary Society. the recovery of national self-respect. which opened work in Coimbatore, We, therefore, urge that the principle South India, October 20, 1830, reshould be fully and frankly recognized cently celebrated its one hundredth that the determining factor in laying anniversary. The first missionary, down the lines of India's future constitu- Rev. W. B. Addis, worked there for tion should be the wishes of the people over thirty years and witnessed in India." marked changes during his lifetime.

Such words may go far toward dis- Coimbat'Ore is a town of great an- ,sipating the idea, prevalent in India, that the missionaries are, in the main, opposed to Indian national aspira- tions.-The Christian Century.

tiquity and importance as the gateway EvangeUstic Meetings in Nellore to Mysore. It has now a population T HE Coles-Ackerman Memorial Boys of over 60,000 of whom 4,500 are High School, Nellore, recently was Christians, 4,000 Moslems and the the scene of a remarkable series of others Hindu,s. Christian services.

evangelistic meetings. Principal L. C. were first held in a thatched cottage.

Smith writes: "For twenty years I The first convert was a Hindu teacher.

have been working to get an evan- Others who followed this example in- gelistic spirit into our high school. cluded a village temple priest who The recent meetings were planned es- gave up his 'Office and supported him- pecially for the school hoys, but on self by manual labor, and another con- the very first day the people pressed nected with the Magistrate's office.

in, and the interest spread throughout The church continued to grow until the whole town. The Downie Memo- there is now a membership of 190, rial Hall was filled from bottom to top. with 380 more as baptized adherents.

Men were sitting in the windows, and Evangelistic work was conducted in the compound also was filled with peo- the surrounding districts, one of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

which now reports 9,000 Christians, which we believe, sent out through with churches, schools, and hospitals. our representatives to other people, In Coimbatore there are still practiced that they may believe, because they fire-walking, self-torture, idol proces- Bee what kind of people our beliefs sions with the temple car and other make us become." He went on to say: heathen ceremonies. The Christian "The frontier of missions today is not Christmas is yearly spreading and is in Africa or India or China; the gaining in its celebration. The L. M. frontier is here, here, where radical S. has now five large elementary boys conflicts deny brotherhood; here, schools with 1,200 pupils and 400 more where international sUflpicion make in village schools, ad 600 high school peace a joke; here, where attitudes pupils. There are also 550 girls un- are so blind sometimes in just such der instruction, though prejudice things as the Prohibition controver- against female education is still sy." This is not intended to exalt strong. The mission conducts a boy,s Christian work at home over the work home, a girls home, a book depot and of our missions in other lands. It reading room, a wayside pulpit, public means we cannot much longer main- health service, industrial training and tain the distinction between home and evangelistic work with Bible women foreign missions, for "the world is and evangelists. watching our words and our acts, and by them our words are judged."-The A Burma Conference With Power Congregationalist.

PRAYER and power characterized "W Giving Up Judaism the autumn conference of the HAT is the idea of asking the American Baptist Mission in Burma. Jew to give up his religion 1" The general subject was "Our Com- asked a young Jewish college student mission" and there was an earnest en- after hearing the message. deavor to confess hindrances to Power in life and work and to discover how "Nobody asked you to give up Judathey might be removed. Much time ism, but to enjoy it in its fulness as was Bpent in prayer rather than in revealed by Christ," replied a missionreports and academic discussions. ary, as related in the Jewish Mission- Two days were given to a conference ary Magazine. on Evangelism with Burman and Karen leaders. The subjects diBcussed "Christ? Christ gave up Judaism were: and became a Christian," commented the young Jew, who professed to have Preparing the Message. taken courses at the Union Theological Preparing the Messenger. Seminary. Presenting the Message. Perpetuating the Power. "Can you tell me just when that It was agreed, as Dr. W. E. Wiatt happened?" asked the preacher. pointed out, that the great need for No answer. better results is not more mission- "Did he not die on the cross under arie,s or better equipment but more of Pentecostal power such as enabled the the final accusation, 'Jesus of Nazaearly missionaries to "turn the world reth, King of the Jews'? When did He 'change his religion'?"

upside down." No answer.

"And furthermore," continued the GENERAL preacher, "What does Christ mean 7"

A Definition of Missions No answer.

REV. ALLAN KNIGHT CHAL- "Christ is the Greek word Christos, MERS, newly installed pastor of a translation of the Hebrew word Broadway Tabernacle, recently gave a Messiah, meaning the Anointed One."

new definition ,of missions: "That -Re.cord of Christian Work.

WORTH

Any books mrntioned in these columna will be forwarded by 'Us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The People and Politics of South America. -of more than forty-five years .of Mary Wilhelmina Williams. 845 Pl). $4.60. Ginn & Company. New York. skilful, loving, smiling devotion to The author intends this for use as the physical, intellectual and spiritual a school textbook. It is based on thorough study of the literature avail- uplift of the Chinese pe.ople. Its able and on two visits to Latin America. It is a substantial, fair-minded amazing record .of acc.omplishment is treatise and can be enjoyed by the .ordinary reader in spite of its text summed up as follows: book character. When so much ground is covered and so many historical "In 1881 Dr. Main found a small judgments passed there must needs be .occasion for difference of opinion, house with four rooms having 16 but so far as we have observed the author's views are generally sensible beds. When he left China in 1926 he and just. One misses some well-known names in the chapter on "Literature left 30 institutions," chief among and Art," like Gabriella Mistral, Ugarte, Rojas and others. And un- which are hospitaJ.s f.or men and womnamed men like Horace M. Lane, of Brazil, David Trumbull, of Chile, and en, maternity h.ospital, children's home, Morris, of Argentina, have meant much more to Latin America than medical, pharmacy and nursing trainmany of the North American politicians who have been remembered. But ing c.olleges, leper hospitals, isolation it is very hard in writing history, especially for schools, to get the pro- hospitals, tubercul.osis hospitals, homes portions right and to appraise personalities at their real worth, and Dr. of rest for pastors and medical work- Williams has done very well and set forth a reasonable view of the Latin ers, home for incurables and a ragged school. The book is quite as much a biography of Dr. Main's equally ef- ficient and devoted wife. The names of these fine representatives of the Church Missionary Society are well known, not .only throughout China but throughout Great Britain and Ameri- ca as well. To few has it been given to realize so fully the visions of achievement for Christ which brought them to China and became the passion of their lives. The book will encour- age optimism and inspire consecra- tion. C. H. FENN.

American peoples and their history. Religion in a Changing World. By Rabbi R. E. SPEER. Abba Hillel Silver, D.D. 204 pp. $2. Richard R. Smith. New York.

Dr. :Main of Hangchow. Kingston De Every religion today is feeling the Gruche. 242 pp. 68. Marshall, Mor- effects of secularism, atheism and ag- gan & Scott. London. nosticism have made inroads every- This is an expansion of an earlier where. It is not surprising, therefore, biography of Dr. D. Duncan Main, that with the present drift from the entitled "Dr. Apricot of Heaven Be- synagogue Rabbi Silver of Cleveland, low." Apricot being the meaning of Ohio, distinguished for his books on Dr. Main's Chinese name, Mei, and Jewish mysticism, gives an apology Heaven Below being a native designa- for. theism to the youth of today. He tion of Hangchow. It is an interest- stands firmly against the tendency of ing narrative-including many letters materialism and atheism, and holds 156

BOOKS WORTH READING

that the ·function of religion is to re- tire existence. Former President Calsist the tide of infidelity. The book vin Coolidge contributes a warmly consists of a series of brilliant ad- commendatory Introducthm in which dresses on such subjects as Science he characterizes the record as "unand Religion, the Church and Social precedented in this or any other coun- Justice, the Church and World Peace. try." The lack of an Index is a defect He uses the word church in its widest which should be remedied. A. J. B. sense and naturally does not consider Christ its head. For Jewish youth of The Preacher and His Missionary Message. today, however, the book should prove of great value, as it puts emphasis on By Stephen J. Corey. 221 pp. $1.50. the real value-s of life-holiness, not Cokesbury Press. Nashville. happiness as the goal of existence. Dr. Corey, for many years both at The author says that for .Moses, Jere- home and abroad, has been closely miah, Jesus, Angelo, Lincoln there was identified with the foreign missionary no visible relationship between mag- enterprise and writes whereof he nificent living and happiness. knows. The decreasing value of the old appeals for support with the pres- We can not endorse the statement ent-day challenge to justify the moof the writer that "one religion for tives of our missionary effort are the whole of mankind is neither neces- clearly set forth in this volume, and sary nor desirable." We believe that the proof of the need and of the the religion of Jesus Christ is neces- ability of our methods to meet that sary and sufficient for all men. need are presented in convincing de- tail. Stimulating to the average pas- S.M.Z. tor as its chapters will be, they will also find much practical help in the The Story of the Near East Relief (1915- "Aids, Outlines and Suggestions" of its valuable Appendix. For the pas- 1930). James L. Barton. 479 pp. tor who does or would undeI'stand- $2.50. Macmillan. New York. ingly believe in and preach missions This is an inspiring record of one this is the handbook for which he has of the most notable philanthropies in been looking for many years, and by history. Begun in 1915, by a few those who believe that a most vital men, most of whom were connected factor in the ultimate success of. miswith the missionary boards having sions is to be found in the homeland, work in Western Asia, and making it will be eagerly welcomed. J. C. their original call :for $100,000 to aid the starving Armenians, the organiza- China's Crucifixion. By Putnam Weale. tion developed until it became a na- 401 pp. $2.50. Macmillan. New tionwide agency, incorporated as a York. Board of Trustees under a special Act Sometimes a story helps one to a of Congress, employing a skilled executive staff, enlisting the cooperation better understanding of a historic of presidents, governors and hundreds period. The characters may be ficof other large minded men and women titious and the scenes de-scribed with in public and private life, collecting a novelist's freedom of imagination; and efficiently administering $116,- but the picture that the reader gets 000,000 besides vast supplies of food may be not only vivid but substantialand clothing, rescuing and training ly accurate. This is a novel of that 132,000 children, and saving myriads kind. The author, an Englishman of lives in Asia Minor, Syria, Pales- formerly in the Chinese Custom Servtine, Persia, Turkey, Greece and the ice and whose real ~ame is Lennox Caucasus. The story o:f this magnifi- Simpson, has spent many years in the cent philanthropy is well told by the Far East. He has written several man best qualified to tell it, Secre- books and numerous articles upon the tary Emeritus James L. Barton, of the various political phases of the situa- American Board, who was chairman Hon. Now he portrays the present of the committee throughout its en-

chaos in a novel with the sordid mo- second, a fearless recognition of the tives of the contending war lords and rising tide of nationalism and the con- the experiences of a party of Ameri- comitant desire for an increasing can tourists who were captured by transference of church control to the bandits. Africans; third, the speedy 'occupa- The Evangelization of Pagan Africa. By tion of unevangelized areas; and, J. DuPlessis. 408 pp. $6.00. Stechert. New York. fourth, the consolidation of the gains of evangelistic effort, especially in the It is almost two decades since Dr. Christian schools. A treatise by the DuPlessis wrote his "History of same author expanding the views South African Missions," which has given in this chapter would be widely since remained the authoritative work welcomed. The book closes on a ringon that subject. The present volume ing note 'of hope. is now produced as the complement to the earlier one, thus providing a The introduction explains that the complete survey of the Protestant oc- manuscript was finished some years cupation of Africa, with the excep- ago, but that pUblication was delayed tion of the Moslem countries on the by lack of funds. As a result of this, Mediterranean littoral and the Chris- some of the information is not up to tian kingdom of Abyssinia. date. Which leads one to realize, in turn, that the earlier book should be Dr. DuPlessis, who is a professor revised, for the past twenty years in the Dutch Reformed Theological have brought great changes in South Seminary in South Africa and a Africa. The two books must always scholar of high repute, has again be bracketed together. They form an proved himself a competent historian important unit in the front line of of missions. After a section devoted missionary literature and are alike the to a description of the African conti- product of wide experience, keen obnent and an account of the early his- servation, historical discernment and tory of the land and peoples within ripe scholarship. Special mention the purview of the volume, he treats should be made of the numerous and in turn West Africa, the Congo and valuable appendices, indices and maps. Angola, East Africa, tracing in each J. LOVELL MURRAY.

the course of the various Christianiz- Jumping Beans. By Robert N. McLean. ing efforts that have been and are now Illus. 12 mo. 115 pp. $1. Friend- being made and giving brief sketches ship Press. New York.

of the special contributions of note- These delightful stories of the worthy missionaries. Frank recogni- Sandoval family are true pictures of tion is given to past failures and Mexican life in the Southwest. They succeSfles, with suggestions of the mis- are well adapted for children and will taken or sound policies underlying interest adults. Dr. McLean is a misthem. The author recognizes that "the forces of Christianity and civi- sionary so that his stories have a purlization move forward, if not always pose and a meaning, but they are not hand in hand, then at least in concur- sermonettes. Give the book to your rent and interlacing paths." Conse- juniors, but first read it yourself.

quently, he adds to the faithfulness of Concise Critical Comments on the :Bible. his missionary narrative by continual By Robert Young. 8 yo. 800 pp. 6s. reference to political movements and Pickering & Inglis. London.

commercial und~akings. Dr. Robert Young is best known for Most valuable is the closing chapter his "Analytical Concordance to the which surveys "the present situation Bible." He is also author of a "Liter- and its demands." These demands al Translation" which is of great help are, first, close cooperation among the to students unfamiliar with the orig- Christianizing agencies now at work; inal languages in which the Old and

New Testaments were written. The The Pacific Basin. By Gordon L. Wood, present volume is of special value for F.R.G.S. lIlus. $4.50. 340 pp. Oxits low price, compact form and the ford University Press. New York. light thrown on the meaning of Hebrew and Greek words. It is not The great events of the ancient strictly a textual commentary or an world centered around the Mediterexposition, but is rather a verbal or ranean Sea; the great events of the concordance commentary endeavoring last two centuries centered around the to show the true meaning of the orig- Atlantic Ocean; but the great events inal text. The authority and inspira- of the twentieth century are develoption of the Scriptures are accepted ing around the Pacific Ocean. The and much light is thrown on difficult Institute of Pacific Relations has been passages. The cross references to making a special study of these mod- ern problems and its meetings and re- other places where the same word ports have aroused widespread interis used are practically illuminating. est. The author of this book says that Those having limited reference libra- it was the Institute "which made his personal acquaintance with the area ries will find it valuable. possible," and he has evidently pre- Hinduism Invades America. By Wendell pared his ml'terial with the Institute Thomas. 300 pp. $3. Beacon Press. in mind. The materials that he pre- The author states his purpose in the sents chiefly relate to the physical Foreword: "This work is not an at- geography of the lands bordering the tack on Hinduism. It is not meant to Pacific, and the island groups in it, inflame American citizens by pointing including Australia-their area, conto a foreign menace. Nor is· it a de- figuration, climate, resources and fense of Hinduism, or of Chri.stianity, population. The facts and figures are or anything else. It is simply a study succinctly stated and carefully inof the amazing adventure of an dexed, and each section closes with a eastern faith in a western land; an bibliography. There are some errors account of the serious impact on that are odd in an author who is de- American life of Hindu philosophy scribed as "Senior Lecturer in Ecoand culture, especially in the form of nomics and Economic Geography in organized religIon." the Univer,sity of Melbourne," for ex- ample, giving the population of Bang- We have a brief account of the es- kok, Siam, as 350,000 instead of 800,- sences of Hindu faith, followed by 000. The author has rendered an imsketches of Ramakrishna and Vivekan- portant service in assembling so much anda, both champions of Hinduism in data in a compact volume. A. J. B. America. The chief centers of propa- ganda are in twelve of our leading A Tamarisk Garden Blessed with Rain. cities, and the methods followed in l'he Autobiography of Pastor Ren. spreading the cults and philosophy of Translated and edited by Herbert the Yogis and Swamis include the Hudson Taylor and Marshall Broompress and the drawing-room meeting. hall. 228 pp. $1. China Inland Mis- sion. Philadelphia. 1930.

The book is startling evidence that the In this book we have something al- boundary line between Home and most unique in the literature of mis- Foreign Mis,sions no longer exists. It sions, a companion to "Pastor Hsi,"

is not sensational, but well-docu- an autobiography of a Chinese mented. Dr. Griswold, a leading San- "saint," who, like all true saints, is scrit scholar and an experienced mis- far from realizing hi,s own saintliness.

sionary says: "So far as I know, this Pastor Ren of Hangchow was picked is the first adequate treatment of the up in his early years by missionaries subject. The style is distinctly fresh of the China Inland Mission, and and vivid, and the work is marked by records in hi.s own charmingly Chinese genuine scholarship." S. M. Z. way his development from a little

superstitious pagan into a strong, The Coming Religion. By Nathaniel faith-filled Christian leader. Of a Schmidt. 262 pp. $2.25. Macmillan. New York. long life of seventy-seven years he Professor Schmidt, of Cornell Unicould write with Paul, "in labors more versity, speaks of religion as "devo- tion to the highest." The characterabundantly, in deaths oft, in journey- istic mark of any religion is its idea of the "highest." It is "scarcely conings often, in perils of rivers, in perils ceivable" that religion "should cease to operate so long as there is an upof r.obberies, in perils from my ward trend, a striving for perfection, in the human race." Religion is not countrymen, etc." An early convinced to be identified with any existing or historical form. All of these are to be advocate of self-support for the Chi- surpassed, Christianity inc Iud e d. though this is the highest form yet . nEse Church, he was consistent almost achieved, unless perhaps the "ethical culture" movement may mark advance. to his own undoing. In love with The chapters describe various mani- festations of devotion to the highest. the Word of God and with a child- from "animatism," the earliest and pre-animistic form, to recent expreslike confidence in the efficacy of sions alongside 1)f modern science, art.

prayer, his life story is a long succes- sion of testimonies to God's faithful- ness to His promises. The book pro- vides an unusual treat in its amusing and pathetic narrative of missions in China from early days until now, from the point .of view not of the mission- ary, but of !I: native convert and de- voted minister. C. H. F.

Realism in Romantic lapan. By Miriam morality and the state. The chief Beard. 521 pp. $5. Macmillan. value of this small volume to most New York. readers will be its presentation of This is a study of modern Japan generally accepted ideas of early or by an author who says that she has crude forms of religion, with the conrelied "less on libraries than on news- tinuation of these forms in later papers" and that her "sources, beside times. It has little prophetic value. personal experience, have been chiefly the columns, rich in colorful and other- CLELAND B. McAFEE.

wise unobtainable material, carried Death Valley. By Bourke Lee. 210 pp.

during the past ten years by the Eng- $4.00. Macmillan. New York.

lish edition of the Osaka Mainichi, Death Valley has a fearsome sound.

Tokyo Nicki Nichi, and The Japan It is the mystery region of America.

Advertiser." This candid foreword No other part of the United States gives the reader an idea of what to has such a reputation for heat, priva- expect-not so much a profound study tion and tragedy. This story about of Japan as an impressionist's account it includes the geologic history of the of a remarkable people who have re- Valley and a survey of its plant and cently passed out of age-old isolation, animal life, but the bulk of the tale stagnati·on and feudalism into the is about men-Indians, emigrants, and swirl and energy and influence of a miners who have known, toiled and world power. The author has written suffered on the Death Valley trails.

from the viewpoint of a keen observer It is an absorbingly interesting nar- of sympathetic appreciation of the rative, abounding in information, ac- Japanese-their characteristics, social counts of the struggles of the pioneers and religious customs, and economic in the gold rush of '49 with their and industrial problems. Thirty-three women and children, the rush of ex- fine illustrations add to the attractive- cited men when rumors of the mineral ness of this interesting v·olume, but deposits of the Valley flew about, the there is no map or index, as there sudden rise and equally sudden col- should be in a book of this kind. lapse of mining camps, and other stir- A.J.B. ring events.

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1931

IDEAL

PROVISION A LIFE Have you a wife, a husband, a friend, an employee who is dependent on you INCOME and who is not versed in business methods? FOR YOU Have you wondered how to provide Give generously to Foreign for this person in case he survives you? Missions. Your gift will Does this question trouble you espe- return you cially when you think of financial panics and hard times? 4%% to 9% PER YEAR You can provide a guaranteed income for the rest of your life for life for yourself and another through the ANNUITY PLAN and at the same under the Annuity Gift Plan, thus relieving you time help extend the Kingdom. of worry caused by changing values of ordinary investments. For further information write: A reserve fund of over $1,500,000 W, J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer, Board of guarantees the prompt payment of annuities to you. Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Protect yourself against loss through St., Philadelphia, Pa., or unwise investments and at the same time help send the gospel to all the MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board world. of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New For full information WTire York, N. Y. ERNEST F. HALL. Secretary, b Dept. of Annuities THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. 156 FIFTH A VENUE ' " NEW YORK 79he James H. Snowden PRESBYTERIRN Established Editor BRNNER 1814 AReligious JournaloflOday Editorials, Constructive and helpful. The Radio Pulpit, a sermon by Dr. Hugh Tho':;p. The World Today, a picture of the more impor- son Kerr of the Shadyside Presbyterian Chur~, tant events in the secular world. The Quiet Hour, by Dr. Robert MacGowan, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: . ,.

Pittsburgh. Contributions, by some of the most eminent writers in the Presbyterian Church, on themes of Sonday School Lessons, by Dr. George W. current interest and importance. Brown, New York. Church News, from all parts of the Church. Christian Endeavor Topic, by Dr. Kinley Mc- Millan, Pittsburgh. t:hieago and Vicinity, a news Department Departments, for the Home, Children and Young People.

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Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE VORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MlSSIONARY PERSONALS REVIEW OF THE WORLD (Concluded from second cover.) DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor REV. RICHARD E. SHIELDS, minister of the Community Church at Mountain CONTENTS-January, 1931 Lakes, N. J" has succeeded Mr. Har- greaves as Executive Secretary of the Page Community Church Workers, with head- FRONTISPIECE, HOME MISSION MAP quarters at 77 West Washington Street, Chicago. Mr. Shields is a graduate of THE OUTLOOK ON THE NEW YEAR the Moravian College at Bethlehem, Pa., · ……………….. ROBERT E. SPEER 5 and the Moravian Theological Seminary.

MEE'l'ING THE WORLD'S GREATEST .. .. * NEED… . …….. JOHN R. MOTT 10 COMMISSIONER YAMAMURO, head of the WHAT ME'l'HODS PRODUCE RESULTS Salvation Army in Japan, has received high recognition for his work among the · ….•……………… ROBERT LAWS 17 poor and outcast. The Emperor has raised him to court rank and decorated BUILDING A NEW KOREA ……..•.•• him with the Order of the Sacred Treas- ure; the Minister of Justice has pre- ••••••••••••••••• DELAVAN L. PIERSON 23 sented him with a gold cup and certificate of merit. In the old days he was thrown WHA'l' THE CHURCH OFFERS MEN .. 34 into prison for blocking the traffic in empty streets. Mr. Yamamuro is a w~.~ .~?~~?~~. ~?~~~ J~~SSl?~~owio~;, 35 powerful evangelist and has done much to help girls out of evil life. :::AN RELIGION STOP WAR? …..•. , .. ……….. ….. .. HENRY A. ATKINSON 37 * .. ..

CHRISTIAN STbESMEN MEET AT A. P. FITT, who is a son-in-law of D. WASHINGTON-Home Missions Con- L. Moody and has been associated with the Record of Christian Work for the gress ……………………….. . 41 past 11 years, has been elected editor of TOPICS OF THE TIMES 49 .. . . that publication.

The Outlook for 1931 KING PRAJA DHIPOK of Siam, with Queen Rambai Barni, is to visit America The Uplook lor 1931 this year. According to a recent report from Bangkok, Siam, they are to visit Dr. Arthur J. Brown the United States incognito. The king is coming for eye treatment as he has been Ten Months At the Front suffering from cataracts.

WOMAN'S HOllIE AND FOREIGN BUL- LETIN …..•… EDITED BY FLORENCE G. TYLER AND FLORE~CE E. QUINI~AN 53 METHODS FOR WORKERS ……….. . OBITUARY · . . . . . . . . EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON 59 REV. GEORGE ALEXANDER, D.D., former president of the Board of Foreign Mis- WORLD·WIDE OUTLOOK …………. 65 sions of the Presbyterian Church. U. S. BOOKS WORTH READING ………… 77 A., and pastor of the First Presbyterian church, New York, died Decembel; 12th TEIUIS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 In club. of at 87 years of age. Dr. Alexander had five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single eopies, been for 60 years in the Christian min- istry, was president of the Board of 25 cent.. Published monthly. Copyrighted, Trustees of McKenzie College, Brazil and 1931, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM- active in many other educational and PANY, INC. All rights reserved. philanthropic institutions.

'['IIE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING *** ~OMPANY, INC. DR. KARL H, KUMM, prominent in ROHERT E. SPBllCR, PrfuJ1.doot opening up the Sudan to missionary oc- cupation, recently passed away at Pa- Yn,I.IA:M 1. CnAMBERLAlN, Vice-President cific Beach, Calif., at the age of 56. Hav- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary ing already completed his university VALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer training, Kumm began exploring the depths of North Central Africa at the FubIlcation Ollice. 3d & Reily St., Harrisburg, age of twenty-five, and was the first white man to pass the great divide be- Pa. 2~c a copy. $2.~0 a year, tween the Congo and the Nile. Later he founded a Board for Medical Education ~;ditorl,,1 and Busine•• Ollice, 1116 Fifth Avenue. "and Research in Africa, and also the New York City Sudan United Mission, embodying twen- " ty-two different denominations. Entered 8S second·closs matter at the Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. A Golden Opportunity!

One book that you read this year should be the Life Story of Sir Wilfred Grenfell FortyYears on the Labrador By ERNEST H. HAYES THIS is a deeply interesting and ro- mantic story concerning the life and work of Sir Wilfred Grenfell, that famous doctor-missionary of the Labrador. Much has been written previously but this story of fascinating adventure gives the leading facts and events in this remarkable life, in chronological order.

It shows the development of the work and describes the Doctor's gallant service for Jesus Christ for forty years.

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A copy of the wall map used at the recent Home Missions Congress

Washington, D. C. A large four-color poster is being prepared by the Home Missions Council. Copies may be obtained through denominational Home Mission boards. This map, by Mr. K. R. Southard, is worthy of study as it pictures incidents in the advance of Christianity and civilization in North America.

LIV, No.1 January

THE MISSIONARY (IreWO.&,-~ THE OUTLOOK ON THE NEW YEAR BY ROBERT E. SPEER, D.D., New York Author of US ome Lit-"ing Issues.,'-' Etc.

n;S WE begin this new year, Gospel, and even the same moral 1931, we seem to be further issues which were alive in the conaway than ever from the tacts of the early Church with hu- simplicity of the times when our man nature and with society. And Lord was here and the Christian the political issues are taking on Church began. Palestine was a an equally close resemblance. One small land, no bigger than some reads a great, carefully document- American counties. Life moved ed study like Cadoux's "The Early slowly and at leisure. "And Jesus Church and the World" and real- walked in Galilee." That was the izes at once how many kinships speed to which human life was there are between that situation geared. We think of Paul's evan- and our own-in the relation of gelism and his wide itineration but Christianity to war, to inequality, he was no hurrier. He stayed for to ideals of marriage and the home, three years in Ephesus alone. We to the State.

travel to and from an evening It seems probable that we have meeting, a longer journey than ahead of us today a repetition of from Nazareth to Jerusalem, and the struggle which the early return. Those days of Christian- Church had to wage for religious ity's beginning seem very different liberty ana freedom of worship, and far away. education and diffusion. In Russia, And yet there are respects in Turkey and China what we had which our situation and problems come to regard as fundamental hu- today are taking on more and more man rights have been either in- the character of the conditions and vaded or denied and elsewhere issues which confronted the early there are tendencies which bid fair Church. We are facing many of to confront us in the West with the same apologetic questions-as the same issues. There are doc- to the being of God, the nature of trines of the State and of State His government of the world, the control of education and there are person of Christ, the meaning and academic theories of the nature of destiny of life, the foundations of liberty and of the rights of religion right, the relationship of Chris- which may raise for the Church in tianity and the non-Christian re- the near future the same problems ligions, the essential content of the which it faced at the beginning.

5

The Keithahn Case mining the political attitudes of an independent indigenous Church? The problems which are arising What policy should missions pracdo not spring wholly from so-called tice with regard to receiving govnon-Christian governments, as the ernment financial grants which are Keithahn case in Southern India made dependent upon political atshows. Mr. Keithahn was an Amer- titudes or activities? All these are ican Congregatio.nal mIssIOnary vital questions, independent of the who sympathized with the Nation- merits of a particular situation or alist Movement. There would seem the sympathies of missionaries in to be slight evidence that his sym- the present conflict in India. pathy found any excessive or illegitimate expression. At any rate And the issues are not confined there were many Englishmen in to one district in the Madras Pres- India whose support of the Nation- idency. The Government of Bomalist Movement went far beyond bay has issued the following order: his. But the Collector of the Madura District ordered him to leave Government desires to impress on India and required the Mission to the governing bodies of all recognised which he, belonged to dissociate institutions which are in receipt of itself' from him. When the Mis- grants under the grant-in-aid code that sion did this, the Collector went they are responsible for seeing that no further and demanded of it a unan- member of their staff or establishment imous declaration which seemed to is permitted to take part in political many to go beyond the principle agitation directed against the authorof neutrality and abstention in po- ity of Government or to incite opinions litical affairs to which the Mission tending to excite feelings of disloyalty was pledged. Beyond this, the Col- or disaffection whether inside or outlector required that the Mission side the institution under their conshould also compel the Indian trol. They also require that the manpreachers and teachers to array agers themselves should not allow their themselves against the nationalist views on current political questions to agitation and in support of Gov- affect their educational administration. ernment policy, and advised the If these conditions are not observed or Mission that otherwise the grants- if evidence is forthcoming that the in-aid, which it had been receiving students have been inspired with feelfrom the Government for its ings of disloyalty or di,saffection by schools, would be withdrawn. their teachers or that the standard of discipline or the educational efficiency It is obvious that many impor- of the institution have been impaired, tant issues are involved in this in- the grants-in-aid are liable to be recident. Is it competent for a duced or withdrawn. District Collector to exercise authority such as this or should it And this has been carried furbelong to the Provincial officials ther by the British Resident in the at least or be referable to the Gov- Native State of Kolhapur who has ernment of India? What is rightly requested members of the Mission involved for American missions in "to instruct preachers and teach- India in the principle of political ers, when preaching, not to bring neutrality and noninterventio.n? in or make use of the names of What influence is a foreign mission India's poEtical leaders." warranted in exercising in deter- These are not simple and easy questions. They cannot be resolved by the foolish advice of a weIl-

THE OUTLOOK ON THE NEW YEAR

known religious paper that mis- Indian Dominion should not profess sions must identify themselves the Christian faith. But we think with nationalist revolution, or with India may and -should ask that the the contrary advice that they are Coronation oath should contain a solbound actively to support every emn undertaking on the part of the existing government. Sovereign to be the Protector of the ancient religious faiths of this coun- Difficulties Faced by Missionary try. The present principle of religious neutrality must be replaced by a prin- Enterprise ciple of active and appreciative pro- tection. The most important conse- There is no gain in belittling the quence of the change will be that new difficulties which the mission- organized religious proselytism, havary enterprise is facing. One set ing for its purpose the seduction of of these difficulties springs from His Majesty's subjects from their anfalse ideas of nationalism. Presi- cestral faiths, will be barred, as the dent Wilson had no conception of King being the Protector of all rethe dynamite contained in the prin- ligions, cannot let one of them wage ciple of the self-determination of war against another. people. That principle is like the principle of self-expression. All And another set of difficulties depends upon what the "self" is has arisen from a false educational that is to express or determine it- philosophy taught the East in our self-whether or not it is a rea- Western schools. Its effect is seen sonable and righteous self. And in China and Russia in the attempt also much depends on what "na- to keep religious teaching away tionalism" means. In China these from the young. The Chinese Minlast few years some of the most ister of Education, trained in terrible anti-nationalistic, nation- America, is prohibiting all relially-suicidal ideas have paraded gious instruction and worship in under the name of "nationalism." primary and junior schools and it And now in India, in the interest is discouraged, though as yet alof nationalism, good men are advo- lowed as an optional study, in cating ideas which wiII immobilize higher schools. The Government society and freeze mental and mor- regulation reads: al progress. Mr. Gandhi is arguing against all changes of religious A private school founded by a rerelationships, denouncing all "con- ligious body is not permitted to give version," and Mr. Natarajan is religion as a required subject, nor is pleading for political protection in religious propaganda permitted in the behalf of religious immobility. In class instruction. If there are any rean editorial in the Indian Social ligious exercise, students shall not be Reformer of March 29, 1930, he compelled or enticed to participate. wrote: No religious exercises shall be allowed in primary schools.

The conception of Sovereignty in a To the protest of the Chinese monarchy is not a wholly secular one, churches the Minister of Educ!land there must be something in the tioD replied: conditions attaching to it to indicate a spiritual contact between the Sov- -If you propose to experiment in ereign and the subject. It is against education, basing your experiment on the immemorial tradition of India to projects related to science and social impose a disability on any religion. conditions, this is something which We cannot ask that the King of the the Government unquestionably ap-

proves and permits. Religion, how- of the current year, by making at least ever, is .one type of abstract intangible the usual provision for theological imagination, and is outside the cate- schools and Bible training institutes, gory of educational theories and there and by urging all missionaries, whose is therefore no reason for the Govern- activities in other directions are hinment to permit religion in schools for dered, to devote themselves to enthuthe purpose of experimentation. siastic evangelism with their Chinese associates. China will indeed face a problem a few years hence with a gen- The medical work is as needy and eration educated without religion as successful as ever, yet the number and without the morals and dy- of doctors and nurses is less by more namic and sanctions which only religion can supply. than 20 % than five years ago. This Facing Opportunities work is so highly appreciated by the Chinese for its tangible benefits, and But the missionary enterprise goes so hand-in-hand with direct evanfaces opportunities as well as dif- gelism that there should be no diminuficulties. The political opposition tion of the American Church's efforts which is met in many lands to the to man and maintain this beautiful instrumentalities and agencies ministry to body and soul. which missions have used, such as schools, hospitals, philanthropies, Never has there been greater need has not affected the openness of than now for high-grade Christian litattitude of the people. At this very erature in Chinese. Never a larger time the missionary schools and welcome accorded to it. The Bible and colleges in China are more crowd- Tract Societies are selling more books ed than ever. And even where and tracts than ever before, and the there has been political restriction new dignity acquired by the vernacuin these matters there has been lar as a literary medium, affords an none as yet with regard to direct unparalleled opportunity for Chinese evangelism. A statement recently writers and foreign translators. issued by the Presbyterian Board refers to this: In many lands old resistance has dissolved. Meshed, for example, is No evidence has come to hand that the most sacred city of Persia. any restraint has been placed by the Here are the shrines of Imam Reza Chinese Government upon the preach- and the mosque of Ganhar Shad. ing of the Gospel in churches, chapels, And behind the shrine there was markets or homes; but on the con- in 1922, a great cemetery. From trary, the almost universal report is all over the Shiah Mohammedan of an unparalleled receptiveness to the world, people had come to lay their Gospel and its messengers .on the part bones in this sacred place, and any of the Chinese people, and even among desecration of their graves would students of certain government schools. have led to riot and slaughter. In view of the fact that our evangel- One walked about with the utmost reverence and care. And now what istic mi,ssionaries are fewer by 15 % has happened? One of the mission- aries writes: than in 1925, the Board would cooperate to the fullest degree possible with You asked about the graveyard back the Chinese Church's present great of the shrine in Meshed and the dis- Evangelistic Movement by calling and posal made of the bodies. Bones excaappointing to this work China's full vated were ruthlessly thrown into carts usual share of the accepted candidates and wagons and hauled outside the city and dumped into pits where they were covered. Scarcely more respect was

shown for bones of animals. Mrs.– Silently it is finding its way into told me that she walked through the the stream of Japanese culture, cemetery while excavations were going Protestantism more apparently, on and that she saw the skeletoIl8 of Roman Catholicism not so evidentsix persons in as many shallow graves ly but solidly. All are reforming built one over the other. A dentist, society. Whether we openly con- I believe, asked for a skull and the fess Christianity or object to it, official replied that he could furnish still the New Testament is making two hundred if he desired. Had such its way into the innermost corners a desecration of these graves of de- of families, if not as a religion, vout Moslems, whose bodies had been then as a moral power. I have brought hundred.s arid even thousands evidence of this everywhere I travof miles for burial "under the shadow el in the country." of Imam Reza," been attempted some years ago it would have ended in a And what is true of Japan is most serIous riot. That there should now be no more than murmurs of op- true of the world. The ideals and position .shows that Persia is changing principles of Jesus are pervading inwardly as well as outwardly. the world. They are not dominant. And their steady extension is not This is a parable easily read. unchallenged. There are deadly Nat in Persia only are old stag- forces in opposition. Alas, the nancies and sterilities dying, and spread of the ideals and principles new forces seeping in. At the is not enough! There is need of other end of Asia the same things the deeper work·which only Christ are happening. A recent visitor to can do when He is recognized as Japan reports an interview with Saviour and Lord. The world Dr. Nitobe, for many years J apa- needs not the moderatist acceptnese representative on the Secre- ance of ideas only, but the moral tariat of the League of Nations. and spiritual deliverance and re- With regard to the influences now creation of the Cross and Resurmoulding the moral ideals of rection of Christ. It needs not the Japan, he said; "The chiefest of ethics of the Gospel only but new these influences is Christianity. life in and by the Son of God.

What of the night, 0 Watchman? What of the night, 0 Watchman? Turn to the East thine eyes, Rises to Thee our cry; And say is there any token Prophet divine of Nazareth, Of the dawning in the skies? Make to our hearts reply: Or do the shadows linger, Over the earth's wild warfare Thy lips, are they sad and dumb, Comes not a time more fair, With never a word of gladness Swords into ploughshares beaten, That the tarrying morn is come? Peace throned everywhere?

Then answered the patient Watchman "Wait," said the Heavenly Watchman, From the mountain's lonely height, "Let not thy spirit quail, To the waiting souls in the valley, Strife shall not be eternal, "I can see the breaking light; Harmony shall prevail; There's a glow on the far horizon Battle clouds all shall scatter, That is growing more wide and clear, Hatred shall be outcast, And soon shall the sun be flinging Love's ever broadening glory His splendors both far and near." Break on the world at last!" -Selected.

THE WORLD'S GREATEST NEED*

BY JOHN R. MOTT, LL.D., New York Ohait"ma,n 01 the InternationaZ Mis8ionar1J OouncH W HEN Jesus Christ said, of Christ. Sometimes He enters in "The Son of Man came not the most unexpected ways. That to be ministered unto, but to is what we have a right to expect minister, and to give his life a from a superhuman Christ.

ransom for many," He led us not Enlarged Opportunities only up into the presence of the world's greatest mystery, but like- I have been moving among na- wise into that of the world's great- tions for over forty years, on jourest reality. It is proved by every neys around the world again and test in -individual life; in social again, and on nearly all the battlelife and in international relations. fields of Christianity and I believe When He said, "I am come that that the present is a time of unthey might have life and that they doubtedly rising spiritual tide. It might have it more abundantly," is a time of the rising tide of opdid He not afford us a program portunity. and a platform and a message There have been times when in which makes possible meeting the certain parts of the world the deepest longings of the human donrs have been as wide open as they are now, but never has there heart and the deepest needs of the been a time when on every conhuman race? tinent and in every part of each continent the doors have been so When He said, in language that wide ajar for the penetrating inwould seem subject to no two in- fluence of Christ and His message, terpretations, "Ye shall be wit- as they are today. You and I are nesses unto me both in Jerusalem, living in a most wonderful moment and in all Judea, and in Samaria, in the unfolding plans of the Kingand unto the uttermost part of the earth," with matchless lucidity dom. summoning us into larger evangel- I include the Mohammedan world ism-how can it be that we miss in this statement. One of the conthe way? As we look round us and realize ferences I have been attending was how few, comparatively, are com- held in Turkey. I can best describe the situation when I say that the ing under the spell of our Lord, best experienced missionaries and and how few are yielding to this native Christians of Turkey conexpansive purpose, for the obvious sider the real opportunity has just reason that it is not being brought arrived. to bear, do we not hear the summons? May it never fall on deaf I am aware of the fact that cer- tain methods employed in other ears! fields cannot be freely employed in The whole world is open. It would be difficult to mention any Turkey. In schools and colleges door that we can honestly say is they cannot do today what they closed to the penetrating influence did and would like to do, but that does not close the doors. They can *Extracts from an address delivered at live Christ. Those who have an Northfield, Massachusetts, last summer.

10 opportunity to teach are at liberty tianity. Nothing has moved me to do work of a Christian charac- more than the discovery that peoter outside of the school room. ple are looking for something from Christianity which they have not The more intensive method has been finding in their own faith or brought the most multiplying re- lack of faith. sults. Weare going to see wonders as a result of intensive work in I am a constant reader of Mo- Turkey. hammedan, Jewish and other non- Christian magazines in English, It is a time of the rising tide of and keep informed as to the utteropportunity. I have made a spe- ances of leaders of thought and cialty of unoccupied fields and I action and I am more impressed by have yet to be convinced there is what is being said by non-Chrisany field where, if we advance we tian and nonreligious people than will not find the doors open before by many things said by Christians. we reach the place. God has more than one method of getting at un- Rising Tide of Inquiry occupied fields-not only geographical areas, but groups of people, The present is a time of rising areas of life, and human relation- tide spiritually, mostly of interest ships. We- are living in a time manifested by inquiry. when we can say that the doors are not closed to the penetrating All over the world people are deinfluence of the living Christ. bating, calling into question all standards and checking up all This is a time of the rising tide sanctions that have held people for. of expectation. It is a struggle eenturies. We have more opporeach one of us knows to keep vivid tunities for sharing peoples doubts the spiritual realities. As we grow as well as their hopes. How much older we may be more sensitive to better this is than the old indifthe leadings of the Spirit and lis- ference and apathy I met in my tening to the still small voice. earlier jourm>v" in fields like Latin America, Asia. Africa, not to speak I have been vividly aware in my of America! How people can relast journeys of a movement among gard with indifference this present the classes of every backward race, oay, how we can be contented with every oppressed people, every de- the plans we now have, is more pressed stratum of society-a ~;han I can see. more equal outreaching. It is sometimes vaguely expressed, but Visit the bookshops in all lands! it is a groping after something There is a flood of printed matter, higher, freer, better. Our loving, and a disproportionately large inheavenly Father is brooding over crease of literature dealing with His children just as an earthly religion-I might say, literature father is filled with a burning de- of reality. If you have doubts, sire to evoke in his children aspira- make your own tests by getting tions for something better and book lists and talking with world higher. The most discerning Chris- travelers! Enter into intimate contian leaders an over the world be. versation with those engaged in lieve that we are on the threshold the work of evangelism who travel of something that will far tran- over goodly areas! Form your own scend anything we have had behind impressions! They have told me us in the world mission of Chris- that they know of no time like

these present days in point of in- our Lord, that elemental faith quiry, with people willing to pay which nothing can daunt.

great prices, which means an un- Another illustration may be the mistakable desire to find truth. mass movement in India. Out of This has its promising implica- possibly 320 millions in India over tions. We ought to be thanking nine-tenths live in 700,000 villages.

God that we are permitted to live Over 50 million people in the ag- in days like these. gregate are among the most neg- Criticism and Objection lected people of the human race. You can't think it a reality! The This is also a time of the rising age-long enemies of man are work- tide of criticism and objection. ing in those villages-ignorance, I look upon that as not without poverty, disease, strife, and sin.

its tremendous advantages, advan- The occupations of these outcasts tages we may turn from stum- from the Hindu point of view is blingblocks i n to stepping-stones. most defiling. They are not per- Remember the words of St. Paul: mitted to use a main street. They "For a great door and effectual is are not permitted to go to the vil- opened unto me, and there are lage schools. They are not permit- many adversaries." Christianity ted to draw water at the village seeks out the impossible to make well; and it is only in a few scores possible its wonderful works. I of villages that they are permitted distrust whether I am in the right to go to the temple. Well are they • place if I am not in the place of called the untouchables. Gandhi things impossible. When every- did not originate that name: his thing looks easy I make up my religion originated it.

mind the omnipotent Clirist will The first time I went to India, not manifest Himself there. It nearly forty years ago, in only two takes impossible situations to re- districts was there anything being veal the meaning of Christ, the ne- done for the outcasts. Most mis- cessity and adequacy of Christ. sionaries were regarding with sus- Rising Tide of Faith picion the mass movement. Now, of two million Protestant members, This is a time of rising spiritual over 73% are products of the move- tide throughout the world in faith. ment among depressed classes. In My wife and I went through the the villages that have been most ex- jungle on Sumatra, and we pulled posed to this movement of the Spir- aside the tropical vines from a it of God, a movement that means monument that commemorates the uplift, improvement, I have found lives of the first two missionaries the economic and social lot so trans- who went there and were eaten by formed that you could see it. Vil- cannibals. As we went through lages were also transformed moral- that valley we saw evidences of ly.

Christianity that, if we had not The most marvelous result of seen others, would compel us to be- this work is that many of the caste lieve that Christ not only does, but people have become Christians as a 18. All over that island where can- result of the object lesson of the nibals had had the right of way, transformed life of the outcasts.

in crowded churches I found faith Bishop Whitehead told me that he in the wonder-working power of had just come back from India

MEETING THE WORLD'S GREATEST NEED

where he had visited a Wesleyan numbers, and he proposed to mission where they had 3,000 caste double that in five years. converts, and had about 3,000 more preparing for baptism. This'seems I could think of nothing in the almost incredible. There is a rising program of Christ, or the comtide of faith among these depressed mands of Christ, or the resources people-blind, hopeless, in despair, of Christ, or the example of Christ abandoned by others-and now which would negative that prothere is this rising tide of faith posal, and nothing in the welfare of among the caste people. the Chinese church that would not make it highly desirable that they There are 3,000 baptisms in In- lend themselves to that undertakdia every week. There would be ing. 30,000 every week if we had sufficient numbers of wise guides and In everyone of OUr conferences teachers. Great restraint is being in China, not by a majority but by exercised by the most trustworthy unanimous vote, the leading mismissionaries. We have made mis- sionaries and trusted leaders of the takes, due to lack of vision at the Chinese churches voted to put home base. The people are stand- themselves behind this prophet. ing before our open doors and we When the National Council meethave to say, "Stay back! It is not ing of officials was held, after days safe for you to come unless we have of debate they committed themenough teachers." selves to support his five-year pro- gram, which was as follows: Advance in China 1. The cultivation among Christians When I was in China there met of a deeper knowledge of Christ, of a me in Canton a delegation, among more intimate fellowship with Him, them Cheng Ching Yi whom I knew and a more gracious experience of Him first as a schoolboy in Peking. He in all phases of life. is a retiring man, though a great leader, executive head of the Na- 2. The carrying out of evangelistic tional Christian Council and mod- work m the hope that the number of erator of this new Church of Christ Christians at least be doubled. in China which includes one-third of the Chineses Protestant Chris- 3. The endeavor on the part. of all tians.' He came to me and said: "I cooperating in the five-year movement have had a vision, and I want time to improve the religious education of to share it with you. I want to the Church through the use of the pulknow whether the best way to meet pit, Sunday school and other societies. this chaos in China would be a summons to a Christian advance." 4. Definite steps to overcome iIIiter- This vision came after days and a..y among church members. nights of prayer. 5. Sustained efforts to make the Dr. Cheng wanted to start a cam- family to a large extent the unit of paign to double the number of Christian endeavor, so that the Chris- Protestant church members in tian family method would increase the China in the next five years an in- membership of the church; also every crease of four hundred thirty-five possible effort to Christianize family thousand. It took over a hundred life. years to build up a church of such 6. That far more serious thought and care be given on the part of the church t'O the pr'Oblems 'Of th'Ose who are not Christians, but are coming un- der Christian influence as in Christian schools.

7. A clearly increased emphasis on

Christian standards, so that the church dustry, among the students, and should become far more self-dependent among groups of fishermen. There than at the present time, and that is nothing more fascinating than Christians generally should be helped his actual experiences with the difto a clearer understanding of the serv- ferent groups. ice which is theirs because they are Christians. Mr. Kagawa was converted un- der the influence of a missionary. 8. Earnest efforts to extend to When a small boy he went to a others the benefits of the Christian re- Christian school and college in ligion through personal evangelism Kobe, and decided to enter Chrisand through such other methods as tian work. Realizing his need he may be found desirable in the hope .came to this country and studied that within five years the number of at Princeton. Then he went back Christians may be doubled. into the slums, where he has been living ever since. He rises at 4 It takes faith to advance in the o'clock every morning, and nothing midst of civil war and battle and cheats him out of an hour with God. chaos. I wonder if we would be His eyesight is failing, and he says preparing plans like this in Amer- he is able to do more thinking as a ica, if we were in those conditions? result of not reading so much now. He has written many books; one of The Program in Japan them has run through 300 editions. He preaches on an average of three In Japan the Japanese Christian times a day, and gives a lot of time leader Toyohiko Kagawa told me he to other work. He has three social had a heavy burden which he want- settlements, one leper colony, one ed me to help him bear. He had research bureau. When asked to been studying about the Protestant take a position by the mayor of church of France, which, though Tokyo he refused, but said, "I will small, has already become a nation- give you as much time as I can wide force in its ideals, its spirit, spare in an honorary capacity." its principles, its personality, its This was accepted. He was first program. He said: regarded with suspicion, but now he has the confidence of the whole "My burden is, after much city. Parliament has appropriated thought and prayer, that if we ten million dollars toward carrying could have a million Protestant out one of his plans involving six Christians in Japan we might permeate this nation of sixty-eight cities. millions." He wanted to call the campaign "How many Protestant Chris- "The Million Souls Movement," but tians have you now?" I asked they decided to call it "The King- dom of God Movement." The aim "Two hundred forty thousand." is in three years to increase from He had shared his burden, with one-quarter million to one million the heads of his denomination. Christians. The plan embraces:- Some had responded, but others were skeptical. As a result he had 1. Organization of a network of spent last year in trying out new prayer; early morning prayer meetmethods in order to meet criti- ings in every church and city to pray cisms, as a result he had had 15,- for a revival of faith; prayer with a 000 converts less fifteen in his new spirit in the 1800 churches in work. He had tried his methods among the farmers, in the centers of in-

Japan for a revival of faith; monthly me to do to spread the Christward united prayer meetings of all churches movement in India, I will do. When in eveyy city; an annual conference for special prayer and preparation for Christ saw the multitudes He was the above purpose. In other words, a moved with compassion, and then conference for prayer, and nothing He began to send out His disciples. else. Second, we must think not only 2. Personal evangelism on the needs of men, but we must 3. Evangelism through literature be in thought upon God Himself. 4. Educational evangelism This current humanistic discussion 5. Evangelism through service is stimUlating more thought on God 6. Rural evangelization than I have ever known. We must 7. Evangelization vf fishing folk desire more that He may be mani- 8. Evangelization in mining camps fested, that we may witness fresh 9. Evangelization of the labor demonstrations of His power, the classes desire to share what He has done 10. The training of real evangelists. for us with others. Better workers alone will not suffice. Five thousand preachers should be Other things will be realized, trained at once. when we have this desire: First: A larger comprehension Spirit of Evangelism of the field where we are placed, A precursor of every great spir- the people and their background, itual advance has been an outbreak- their antecedents, mentality, and ing of unselfish and triumphant de- interests; a larger comprehension sire. Evangelistic methods change, of their battlefields and soul strug- but the spirit is the same, because gles and unanswered questions, a Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, larger comprehension of the forces that oppose us, and a larger comtoday, and forever. Evangelism is prehension of the favoring condimore a spirit than a method. Christ tions there are. is not shut up to any method or medium. We want things old and Second: We must have larger new, but there is something in- plans. Our plans are pitifully in- congruous in a static church. The adequate in contrast with the repower of Christ, the fountain head, sources of our Lord. I have found is always flowing. That is the vital- it is a vastly easier thing to see a ity we ought to have, new experi- large thing achieved than a small thing. The reason is that it takes ences breaking out all the while. an impossible thing to draw out The methods may change but the the imagination, which is the least u~ed faculty we have. Christ put spirit is the same. How can this larger desire be a tremendous strain on our im- agination. When He taught the generated? Bishop Gore sums up Golden Rule He forced us to get the lack in two phrases: We do not our imagination into play, and think, and we do not pray. That when He taught the commandment generalization will unlock any of love He put a strain upon our problem anywhere.

One way to develop this desire is by meditation, thinking on the imagination. needs of men, women and children The advantage of an impossible now living. As a result of my medi- program is that it calls out all our tation one night in one of the In- hidden powers, and another advandian villages, anything God permits tage is that it takes a large plan

to arrest the attention and partici- hour costs $5,000, plus the cost of pation of men and women of large all the artists engaged. We have affairs. The reason is that they hardly begun to adjust ourselves are not giving their time to little to the possibility of such means plans, and we have to show them available for arresting attention, a plan that convinces them that it for making impressions, for creatis worth while. ing an atmosphere. . ImpGssible situations also drive us to God, draw us to God, deepen 6. There is the' matter of reour acquaintance with Him, make treats. I am glad to say that is possible the finding of His condi- spreading. Even more depends on tions, paying the price. Christ what we do before we evangelize taught us this lesson in the Garden and what we do after than what of Gethsemane. we do when we evangelize. If I had to live my life over again I But mostly there are two great would spend vastly more in what implications. One is that such precedes evangelistic work and in work is going to be costly: and if what follows than what takes place what we are doing is not costly we in between. It is here that we are must make up our mind we have not His meaning. The second im- weak. plication is that we are to count My last word is that we must the cost and be ready to pay it. have a greater accession of power. We must have a larger message. We must experience this on a Christ is the same yesterday, to- larger scale for this work of evanday, and forever, but we have a gelism. Let us yield ourselves to larger comprehension of Christ the gracious, loving, omnipotent, life-giving power of the Spirit that than we had. greater works may take place and We must have a larger and truer be of such convincing power that they will prove the much needed strategy. We are at a time when reality and wonder-working power we have to take all fronts and deal of God and the reality of our with the world as a unity. There faith! must be a larger adaptation of means to ends. If you ask for Jesus Christ summons us today methods I would mention some of to come out of the zone of com- promise and apathy and passivity these: into the aggressive activity of sac- 1. Larger recognition of times rificial love. Think how absorbed people are today in every sphere and seasons, for instance, Christ- of interest-in politics, in pleasure, mas and Easter. in money making, in the search for fame and power. Under these con- 2. Explanation of much that is ditions how can we arrest the atgoing on in certain groups, com- tention of these preoccupied men and women so that they will hear munities and fields. the summons of Christ. Let Him 3. Religious education. Weare speak the word: "I if I be lifted up. : …. will draw all men unto just on the edges of the greatest me." That Great Magnet will work the world has ever known in break people out of their setting religious education. and lift them up to God.

4. Another means is social evan- gelism. 5. Also newspaper evangelism. In the National Broadcasting Company studio broadcasting an

METHODS PRODUCE

Notes From the Experience of Fifty-two Years in Africa BY THE REV. ROBERT LAWS, D.D., LL.D., of Livingstonia T HE apostolic method, Saint wrote. For this special work God, Paul tells us, was to "preach (as in all special work He has to Christ crucified." As exam- do) prepared His special agent.

pIes of this preaching, we have the Born and brought up in a univer- sermons of Peter after Pentecost, sity city, in the strictest school of and of Paul to both Jews and Gen- Jewish Pharasaic thought, yet tiles in large assemblies and also to sharing in the culture surround- individuals, such as the Philippian ing him, and acquainted with the jailer. In every case the burden literature of his time, he later of their message was the same: prosecuted his studies under the the remission of sins through Jesus famous teachers of Jerusalem, and the Saviour, and faith in Him as so became thoroughly versed in the the means of appropriating this doctrines, prejudices and errors, salvation for' the individua1. which he was to overthrow ·when Since so much importance at- the new truth revealed to him taches to their methods, it is changed his life and made him the worthwhile to take account of the clear exponent of the way of sal~ character and training of these vation through Christ.

apostolic teachers. Peter and nine Following the history of the others of the eleven apostles were Church since then, we see that hardy fishermen of Galilee. Their when this simple message was ad- literary education had been that of hered to and the obedience to the the ordinary Jewish boy; of high- will of God implied in this faith er education they had acquired was exhibited, the Church was none. But for three years they strong and did the will of God by had been in the school of Christ, spreading the Gospel in new lands living with Him, learning from and among many peoples. On the Him, and, like many a pupil since other hand, when this simple mes- then, imbibing knowledge and sage was overlaid by outward truth the real significance of which forms, ceremonies and ritual, and they only understood later – in these externals came to take the their case after they had received place of the essential realities the Holy Spirit at Pentecost. 'which the apostles proclaimed, This teaching and the experience then the strength of the Church of life gave them a wider vision waned and the dark ages settled with a new intellectual grip and on the Christian world and con- outlook. The gospels and the tinued till the reawakening of the epistles prove this, and we read old truths supplied the strength of them with surprise at the intellec- the Reformation with the glorious tual grasp and literary ability they results that followed.

display. Turning to Paul, we find The Editor has asked me in him the greatest teacher not whether my fifty-two years of only of the world today, but of the work in Central Africa confirms intervening centuries since he the above methods, or whether, as 2 17

some hold, "work for world peace, hills, one party would go and at- ,social and industrial betterment, tack, rob and even kill some of the and intellectual and physical de- people at the lake shore who were velopment can replace these with the subjects of the other sept, thus better results." getting their revenge.

The first step towards answer- The old men among the Ngoni ing this question is to state what were, as a rule, desirous of living I found to be the facts of life as at peace with their neighbors, but concerned the people with whom I the restless youths who had heard have had to deal. of the exploits of their fathers in Warfare Fifty Years Ago their young days were keen to show their prowess and urged that In 1875, the slave trade was war raids should be undertaken in rampant in Nyasaland and inter- the dry season, after their harvests tribal war was such a recognized had been safely gathered. There condition, that as a protection, were no newspapers in the country there lay between each tribe and by means of which the wishes of its neighbor a "no man's land," those who had not access to or which took two or three days to shared in the councils of the para- cross' on fo'ot. In the case of a mount chief could make their war raid this gave a good chance wishes known to him. These of news of the impending attack sought to attain this object by reaching the other tribe and ena- means of their evening village bling its members to take meas- dance and song.

ures for the safety of themselves An example may be given. In and their dependents. the cool of the evening, and espe- The Ngoni tribe on the hills west cially on dry, moonlight nights, of Lake Nyasa were an offshoot the people of the village gathered from the war-like Zulus of South in the cattle kraal to dance and Africa. They had crossed the sing, the younger boys in particu- Zambesi as war raiders and incor- lar being carefully instructed what porated the youths of the tribes to do. At a distance it seemed as they conquered, training them as if a drum accompanied and timed warriors and teaching them their the dance, but in fact drums were methods of warfare. . Under des- not used, but instead a rythmic potic chiefs they became very thump of the foot on the ground powerful and the terror of their by every dancer produced the imi- neighbors. Septs of the Ngoni con- tative sound. The song consisted sidered parts of subject tribes liv- of a varying, extemporary recita- ing on the lake shore as their tive of a few notes and words by special property and from these a leader, followed by a chorus in they levied annually a tribute of which all joined. In the case re- a certain number of boys and girls ferred to, the chorus was: "The who had to be delivered to their cattle at the north end (of Lake conquerors on the hills; the boys Nyasa) are feeding on bananas, to be trained to fight, the girls to Mombera!" (Mombera was the be the slave wives of their captors. name of their chief.) The song When a quarrel arose between two pointed out to him that the cattle of these septs, instead of fighting at Karonga, at the north end of it out between themselves on the Lake Nyasa, were feeding on ba-

WHAT METHODS PRODUCE RESULTS

nanas which the Ngoni counted a fear of their lives. This was found delicacy they could not grow well in their religious beliefs and super- in their colder climate, and so they stition. The people believed in a thought it would be a good thing supreme being or creator concern- to organize a cattle raid on the ing whom their notions were very Konde living there and they took hazy, and whose goodwill had to this means of asking the chief to be sought. They believed in im- sanction their doing so. His con- mortality and that the spirits of sent obtained, a war party would their forefathers still took an in- be summoned together, but the terest, often a malign one, in the poiI).t of attack was carefully con- cealed. A journey of fifty to one hundred miles had to be under- taken and the necessary food car- ried with them.

Sometimes these raids were suc- cessful, but often severe fighting took place and by no means did all the attackers return home even alter what they counted a success- ful raid; Prisoners as well as cattle and other booty were carried off.

In raids on tribes nearer at hand, the actual killed and wounded usually proved the smallest part of the damage done. The gardens of the people were destroyed, vil- lages were burned, and the people were often afraid to remain in their villages and spent the nights in the bush. Food was very scarce and the people living in a half- starved condition soon had their vitality lowered, and scratches or bruises on their legs developed into large septic ulcers often perma- nently crippling the sufferers.

Women and children especially suf- AN AFRICAN WITCH DOCTOR fered under these conditions, and when young children were exposed affairs of their children. In addito them for any length of time tion to these there were many their growth was stunted f or life. other spirits whom they believed This intertribal warfare was not were unfriendly to them and who confined to the Ngoni and their had to be propitiated by prayers neighbors, but was the chronic con- and sacrifices.

dition between other tribes as well, Witchcraft when not joined in a confederacy to meet a common foe. Closely bound up with these War fear was the lot of all but ideas was their profound faith in was by no means the most deadly witchcraft, which kept them in

terror and dominated their lives. constant mental and spiritual ter- Any accident or untoward event ror under which they lived, both might be referred to evil spirits, men and women became premabut was almost universally counted turely aged in appearance and the as caused by some wizard or witch. faces of the men were lined, wrin- Anyone could be held to be such; kled and furrowed by them and by some indeed gave themselves out the lusts and passions of heathento be so, thus gaining a notoriety ism. which caused them to be feared. But to the ordinary man an acci- Ask any individual if he were dent or illness had only one sure a sinner, he would stoutly maintain cause–some person had an en- the opposite and assert his impecmity against him and had be- cability in unmeasured terms. Ask witched him. The person accused him if he knew if there was any might deny the charge, but the evil done in his village, and he had only recognized way of proving no hesitation in declaring that he his innocence was for him to de- did and indeed all the inhabitants mand the test of the ordeal. The of his village except himself had old English ordeals by boiling been guilty of some evil. Get closer water and' a red hot iron were to the man's conscience and ask known and practised, but the most him if he had not some time gone common method was that of drink- out at night if not by day, and ing the powdered bark of a tree, done something he did not wish which is poisonous, mixed with the anyone to see him do or know he water. If the accused vomited the had done, and sooner or later the deadly draught he had swallowed, man would admit that he was not he was accounted innocent; if he 80 immaculate as he would fain be did not, then death was the result considered. There is just as much and his guilt was proven. It was comfort to the heathen in Africa not always easy to fix on the sup- as to the heathen in America or posed culprit, and the help of the England, in being one of a lot of witch doctor was called in to find sinners. He is so ready to admit him. After certain incantations, this that only the power of the and consulting his oracle of bones, Holy Spirit can wring from him tortoise shell, etc., he would fasten the cry: "God be merciful to me on some one, usually a person un- the sinner." der general suspicion, or against whom a grudge existed, and this What does all this prove? Simindividual was compelled to drink ply the great fact of sin and the the ordeal to prove his innocence. sinner. The only check on these proceedings was that if the person accused Next, I have never met a man vomited, he might turn on his ac- who was not ready to admit that cuser and demand compensation sin deserved to be punished and or that he also should drink the should be punished. When a man ordeal. reaches the stage of admitting that he is a sinner and that he de- Recognizing Sin serves to be punished for his sin, he begins to see also the necessity No wonder that with these un- for a Saviour and asks the quescertainties of life, frequent priva- tion how salvation is to be found. tions arising from them, and the In answer to his inquiry as to how he can obtain salvation, heathen-

ism points to sacrifice. He brings apathy of hopeless despair which his offering of flour and beer, but has no anchor within the veil. soon realizes that this is not enough. Fowls are more valuable To persons in such a state, soand are next offered. cial or industrial betterment, how- e v e r advantageous outwardly, Still his conscience is not re- gives no help. World peace, though lieved, and sheep and goats are helpful to the body, brings no then resorted to by the sinner, but peace to the mind. Education may the burden is not taken away and help to dispel superstition but it oxen become a more costly sacri- cannot remove the load of sin. fice, only to find that the blood of This, only Jesus the Saviour can FUTURE CHRIS'l'IAN LEADERS IN TRAINING IN LIVINGSTONIA the ox avails as little. Yet it is take away, and He is ready to do the man's best in ordinary life. In it for all who believe in Him. This a crisis of life, as when a company is the glorious message the misin a canoe during a storm are like sionary has to proclaim and it is to be drowned or a tribal calamity the only infallible one the world is impending, a human victim is has ever heard. offered as the greatest sacrifice they can bring to appease the ma- When this great change has lign spirits seeking their ruin. taken place in the heart of a man, When this has proved ineffectual, and he is regenerated, then and the batHed soul knows not where to then only is he ready and fit to turn, if it still seeks relief and move towards social and intellecpeace. To most, the result is the tual benefit. I state this not as an opinion but as a scientific fact of

experience. Since its beginning in approximately correct for a min- 1875, education, industry, medi- ute or two, but soon, in disgust, I cine and other things have had gave up the futile task and learned their place in the work of the Liv- that without a mainspring in ingstonia Mission, with the result, working order even the famous that, though some responded to watch of Greenwich-the most these influences and reached a costly watch in the world-would higher standard while in the serv- be useless and all the precautions ice of Europeans, and even when to preserve the same temperature separated from these and amid and the same barometrical prestheir old heathen surroundings SUre could not make the hands of some retained a kindly respect for that watch agree with the God- given timekeeping spheres of the the civilization to which they had universe. been introduced, still it was only The parable is true. When a those on whom the spiritual man trusts in Christ as his Saviour change had taken place, who re- and Lord, he becomes a new creatained the advancement made and ture. Sin, the middle wall of parsought to propagate it to others. tition between him and God, is While fully convinced and having broken down, and instead of fear, seen it proved by experience, that the love of God floods his heart and Christianity alone can change the illumines his life. Then it is that individual and a peopie, and hav- all schemes of social betterment, ing seen this change in thousands, intellectual and industrial develop- I gladly acknowledge the assist- ment and world peace, have a ance, good government, legitimate chance of success and stable encommerce, industry and unbroken durance because they are dependpeace can give to the advancement ent for such on the love of man for of the Kin~dom of Christ. But his brother man-to olwedience to none of them, nor all of them to- the second commandment which gether, can ever take the place of only becomes effectual after and in Christ Himself, or the salvation from sin and the new spiritual life the measure by which the first which He offers. commandment is accepted and obeyed. For the highest Authority Once, when a boy, I received a has said: "Thou shalt love the present of a superior toy watch Lord thy God with all thy heart with moveable hands. The first day I made many adjustments of and with all thy soul and with all these hands to the face of the sol- thy mind. This is the first and emn-ticking grandfather's clock great commandment; and the secwhich had been timekeeper for ond is like unto it, thou shalt love three generations. My watch was thy neighbor as thyself."

"What we need is not to have Pentecost rationalized, but realized."

"Nothing short of Pervasion of Power could have made a Fellowship of the Spirit out of that bewildered, cringing company of disciples."

"When we talk of 'perpetuating Pentecost,' we are thinking not of high-pressure moments, but of high-powered motives."

"Too many of us are looking for a punier Pentecost at a moment when we stand sorely in need of a greater."-John M. Versteeg.

A TYPICAL UNIMPROVED KOREAN

BUILDING A NEW KOREA Glimpses of Progress and Forces at Work BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON T HE "Hermit Nation" has 500,000 Japanese have settled in passed into history, and a Korea in the last twenty-five years New Korea is being built out and Chinese coolie labor is tempoof the old. Even the familiar names rarily imported. The patronage of have been changed in maps and on foreign tourists and the benefits of signboards. Korea has become foreign commerce are eagerly Chosen; Pyengyang is now Heijo; sought. Syen Chun is Sen Sen; and Seoul, A party of eighteen American the capital, is Keijo. Generally editors and their wives preceded these are Japanese translations of us in China and Korea. They were Korean characters. As the Her- well-known journalists connected mit days passed with the advent of with influential periodicals. Durforeigners and the coming of ing their five days in Korea, as Christian missionaries, so now guests of the Japanese Tourist Buwith the advent of Japanese sover- reau, they visited the beautiful eignty the old life and institutions Diamond Mountains and the capiare gradually disappearing. Rail- tal city, Keijo. Naturally, their roads and motor roads are opening hosts made sure that they would the interior; steamship lines and see and hear the things that would airplanes are bringing in foreign make the most favorable imprestravelers and commerce; telephone sion on them and on their readers and telegraph are making commu- at hOIlie. Banquets and speeches nication quick and easy. Over and visits to palaces and shrines 23

gave them glimpses of the ex- upon as one of the most fruitful ternals of Korean scenery and and promising fields-in many re- development – fro m a Japanese spects the work being. comparable viewpoint. But life on railways, in to missions in Apostolic days. But hotels and at pleasure resorts, in while there is much to encourage, shops and temples, cannot be ex- there are also in Korea today, as pected to make one understand in Palestine and Asia Minor in the conditions in Korea. first century, many difficulties to In interviews and speeches, these be overcome. One need not look editors reported "Peaceful con- far beneath the surface to discover tentment and calm; prosperous them. But these are days (J,f build- farmers and wonderful progress in ing a new Korea out of the old; agricultural development; happy difficulties and conflicts may be ex- men, women and children in the pected; they are not causes for villages and on the city streets." discouragement but are a challenge These were, perhaps, natural con- to faith and more earnest en- clusions from seeing the hard deavor.

working, picturesque farmers, in In Pyengyang, I was invited to their wide-brimmed hats, at work a Korean banquet to meet a com- in the paddy' fields. The men arid pany of Korean gentlemen. I com- women in white starched clothing promised on a "tea" as offering a and old gentlemen in transparent better opportunity for informal horsehair hat s covering "top conference and fellowship. Twelve knots," are pictUresque and pleas- men of education and standing, all ing sights. But we must look be- deeply interested in the highest neath the surface if we would un- welfare of their country and peo~ derstand Korea or any land. Here pIe, made the two hours fruitful we find unrest and a dread D,f the and delightful. We were seated, future that are destroying the shoeless and cross-legged, on the "peaceful contentment" and that matted floor, around a long table threaten Korean farmers with about a foot high, in an attractive ruin. Korean home. By way of introduc- While in Korea, it was our priv- tion, I asked each one to indicate ilege to talk with Japanese and his occupation and special inter- Koreans, missionaries and business ests. Dr. Samuel Moffat, a mis- men, journalists and pastors, men sionary who has spent forty years and women, and to read news- in Korea, interpreted and asked papers and official reports. By what their reply to the question these means we gleaned some truth would have been twenty years ago.

as to the real conditions, the diffi- They laughed and said, "We would culties and the forces concerned in all have replied that we were gen- the building of a new Chosen out tlemen of leisure." In those days, of the old Korea. this was considered more in keep- After some months spent in ing Iwith dignity. Now they an- Moslem lands, in India, Burma and swered frankly. The host was a China, all with their unrest and landed proprietor, the father of vexing problems, it was refreshing one of the best surgeons in Chosen.

to visit a land which is not claimed Another, was himself a leading to be "the most difficult field in physician with modern education Asia." Korea has long been looked and a good practice. There was

BUILDING A NEW KOREA

Kim Moksa, the famous evangelist, with the political outlook and know now almost blind but still traveling not what the future offers. The hundreds of miles in Korea and older and wiser Koreans see no Manchuria, preaching the Gospel. hope for independence but are dis- There was Pyun Moksa, pastor of contented with present conditions. the large, self-supporting Central When any disturbance occurs, the Presbyterian church in Pyeng- Japanese police tirst arrest Korean yang-a church with over 2,000 suspects and then make inquiries. members and the mother of eight- Last year, when some Japanese een other churches. Other men students made objectionable represent included two successful marks to Korean girls, the Korean dry goods merchants, a dealer in students resented it and a tight sea products, a paper merchant followed in which Japanese used and a dealer in gold. Many of knives. The police arrested the , ,j KOREAN CHlIISTIAN BUSINESS MEN WHOM THE EDI'l' OR MET IN PYENGYANG Kim Moksa stands at the right of the center and Dr. Samuel Moffett at the right, second row these men had suffered severely Koreans only, put them in jail and for their faith and all had been sought by harsh means to extort tested and had proved their loyalty confessions. Some students, under torture, acknowledged faults which to Christ. later they denied. It was difficult "What," I asked, "are some of to discover the truth.

the difficulties that hinder the The present Governor-General, progress of the Korean Church to- Baron Saito, is highly respected day?" All took part freely in the by the Koreans who believe that discussions. The gist of their re- he is endeavoring to establish plies is as follows: peace and justice; but the police are hated as suspicious, harsh and First, there are the political dil- unfair. Their occasional mistreatjiculties. The patriotic youth are ment of Koreans keeps the people restless under the rule of a foreign government. They are dissatisfied

in a state of unrest and fear. despised as traitors. The Japanese Some months ago, when Kim Moksa schools and textbooks are used to was asked by the Christian En- "Japanize" Korea and school chil- deavorers to address a large meet- dren are forced to pay homage to ing on temperance, he made an im- the Emperor's picture and even passioned plea for total abstinence. Christians are compelled to wor- "Strong drink," he said, "is the ship at Shinto shrines.

cause of many evils in Korea- Many distasteful features of poverty, loss of property, sin and Japanese rule are necessary and degeneracy. If you would be true some are beneficial to Korea; but patriots and true men, leave strong the situation creates unrest and drink alone!" discontent. The Japanese are con- "Stop! Stop!" cried the Jap- querors by force of arms, but they anese police, who are always have not yet learned how to be watching f'o'r sedition in such an "more than conquerors" by win- audience. These remarks of the ning the confidence and friendship speaker were considered dangerous of the ~oreans. One result of these because the Japanese own the conditions is that the attention of breweries and distilleries. the people is drawn from worth- "Why should I stop?" cried Pas- while religious and spiritual mat- tor Kim. "What I have said is only ters. Some have the mistaken idea the truth." that patriotism demands their "Well, be careful," replied the more earnest devotion to temporal police. and material things even th()ugh The audience needed no strong- this is to their own loss and a det~ er endorsement of the speaker's riment to the Church.

words than the opposition of the A second obstacle to Christian police. The Koreans cried out and progress in Korea is economic.

beat their breasts, many broke From an Occidental standpoint, the their clay pipes and those who had Koreans have always been poor, bottles of strong drink emptied the but not paupers. They have had c'Ontents on the ground. They to work hard for a meagre sub- vowed to become total abstainers sistence, but their life has been and to use money formerly spent simple and their wants few. Mud for drink to buy cattle and farm walls with a thatched roof for a implements. Thus, indirectly, the home, rice and beans for food, and political feeling helped the cause a few yards of cloth for clothing, of temperance. have in the past sustained life.

Koreans complain that the J ap- Today, however, the standards of anese have not only taken their living have become more compli- country, but that they are endeav- cated and their expenses have in- oring to rob them of their lan- creased, without a corresponding guage and their literature; they increase in income. The material have substituted Japanese names progress of Korea, with enlarged for Korean to designate their cities commerce and manufactUre, re- and have introduced foreign coin- forestations and large irrigation age; they have brought in foreign schemes, has impr'oved the country soldiers and police and have made without directly benefiting Ko- subordinate hireling police of im- reans. In some instances the re- poverished Koreans. These are verse is true,

BUILDING A NEW KOREA

Take the great Japanese irriga- for their secular business. Physical tion projects. The average Korean needs are so insistant that spirit- farmer owns and cultivates but a ual things suffer neglect.

few tsubo (6 feet square) of land. A third difficulty is related to All his efforts have been required education. For the past forty to raise enough rice for his im- years, Christians in Chosen have mediate necessities. Now the Jap- stressed elementary education and anese propose to tax the farmers bef(we the coming of the Japanese whose land is irrigated to pay for most of the schools, especially in the irrigation projects in ten years. country districts, were in their And they must use the irrigation ditches whether they wish to or not. This taxation, the Koreans declare, will absorb all the profits from their farms and they will be Q·bliged to sell or mortgage them.

It is a confiscatory project. Jap- anese bankers and the Japanese Development Company are ready to loan money to Japanese but not to Koreans, except at excessive in- terest. Thus, the Koreans declare, two-thirds of the farm lands will be in the hands of the Japanese in a few years. If the payments eould be extended over a period of thirty years the farms might be saved- and the farmers also.

The Koreans also find it difficult to compete with Japanese in busi- ness for they have no modern methods or experience in foreign trade.

This e con 0 m i c situation is threatening the churches. The A BURDEN BEARER IN KOREA Christians have been taught to be thrifty and to give generously. hands. The Japanese have sought Most of their churches are self- to control the educational system supporting. Now parents find it and to secularize it. Mission difficult to educate their children, schools were required to make at- and church members to support tendance at religious exercises vol- their pastors. F'or some years untary and to take the Bible out of Christians have devoted much time the curriculum. Some missions to Bible study and Christian work, yielded to this demand, but the giving many days a year to per- Presbyterians declined to carryon sonal evangelism of their non- school work if the new regulations Christian neighbors. Now eco- were enforced. The Japanese nomic pressure makes this more wisely agreed not to press the let- difficult. There is also an increased ter of the law and most of the temptation to use the Lord's Day schools continue to teach the Bible

as before. Some are recognized by increased and an anti-Christian the government, but pupils in un- spirit is fostered.

recognized schools suffer handi- Forces for Building caps in preparing for go,vernment positions. All this directly affects the One of the chief complaints is growth and the health of the Chris- that Japanese schools discriminate tian Church, which at one time against Koreans-especially Chris- gave promise of being the dom- tians or any who have been con- inant influence in Korea. Truly nected wit h the Independence this is not the most difficult field Movement. While the Japanese in Asia, but there are still many have temporized in the matter of obstinate obstacles to be overcome religious education in missi{)n in the name and power of Christ.

schools, they are known to look These obstacles offer a challenge to with disfavor on Christian educa- the Christian Church for Korea is tion. Christian students from mis- a field of great opportunity and of sion schools find it difficult to gain rich promise. The people are un- admission to Japanese universities usually susceptable to the teach- and technical schools. Parents are ings and the Spirit of Christ and therefore tempted to send their the forces that are with us are children to government institu- stronger than those that are tions where they receive no Chris- against us.

tian instruction and may even be 1. To spend a Sunday in a city u n d e r anti-Christian influences. like Pyengyang is an inspiration.

There is danger that this may les- It was our privilege to make a sen the high respect which Ko- round of visits to many of the reans today hold for the Church Church and Sunday-school serv- and other Christian institutions. ices in this "Christian Capital" of A fourth difficulty is found in Korea. We could not even catch a the present general social and re- glimpse of all the services, for ligious situation. Intemperance, there are over twenty Presbyterian the social evil and other sins have churches alone, besides man y always been present in Korea-as strong Methodist congregations.

elsewhere–but they were growing At the West Gate church, it was less and less respectable under very impressive to see an audience Christian influence. Unfortunately, of five hundred men and women in with the advent of the Japanese, their white, yellow, pink or purple these evils have increased. More garments, looking like a field of intoxicants have I:leen imported lilies, daffodils, roses and hya- and licensed prostitute quarters cinths. All had removed their have been established in several shoes and were seated cross-legged cities. Added temptations have on the clean grass matting. The been put in the way of the youth women were on one side and the and many are not strong enough men on the other. Children and to resist. Imposing Shinto shrines young people meet at a separate have been established, like that on hour. No more reverent and at- the mountain overlooking Seoul; tentive audience could be found in ancestral worship is linked with any land. With bowed heads, they emperor worship; atheistic and joined in prayer; with open Bibles communistic literature has greatly they followed the Scripture read-

BUILDING A NEW KOREA

ing or exposition; with one accord prompted. New pupils from nonthey joined heartily in the songs Christian homes are placed in a of praise. separate class until they have at- tended four successive Sundays In the room below was gathered, and can be cle&ned and classified. at the same time, a junior audi- The earnest, reverent, Church-wide ence. The Presbyterian churches Bible work is one of the secrets of hold their preaching services in the strength and growth of Christhe afternoon, some of the congre- tianity in Korea. Among a popugations being so large as to neces- lation of 19,000,000, there are over sitate adults and young people 2,000 Presbyterian churches alone, besides almost as many Methodist meeting at different hours. In the mornings, the Presby- PART OF A SUNDAY MORNING AUDIENCE IN 'l'HE CENTRAL PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, PYENGYANG, KOREA terian churches hold their large and independent congregations. schools for Bible study in three The total number of Protestant sections. Men, women and young church members is over 300,000, people take their turns in filling with as many more adherents. the large churches and in caring for the home and small children. 2. Another sign of strength and The sight of these large Sunday- secret of growth of the Korean schools diligently engaged in Bible Church is the way in which Chrisstudy set an example to churches tians witness to their unbelieving in America. Many of the girls neighbors. Believers have been and women carried placid little taught that it is the duty and black-haired, olive-skinned babies privilege of every Christian to be strapped on tlieir backs, Korean a witness; one of the requirements fashion. These infants practically for Church membership is that never cried; they slept or nod- the candidate shall have already ded, smiled or nursed as nature sought to lead some unbeliever to Christ. Many new congregations

have been formed in towns and vil- tians. In Pyengyang and other lages never visited by an ordained cities and towns the shops of pastor, evangelist or missionary. Christians can be distinguished Some of the regular means used from those of non-Christians by to s pre a d the Gospel and to the fact that they are closed on strengthen the Church are: evan- Sunday and the shutters are up.

gelistic itineration and revival Non – attendance at church is a campaigns; Bible classes and in- cause for discipline, and if con- stitutes held for from two to ten tinued without good reason leads weeks in various churches; Chris- to suspension. In the present cam- tian work in schools, colleges and paign, some of those so disciplined hospitals; and special Bible courses have been restored to the church in higher Bible schools, theological and have expressed their joy in seminaries and medical schools. their return to the fold.

A special church-wide evangel- 3. Another source of strength to istic campaign is now in progress the Church in Korea is the fact throughout Korea. that pastors consider their congre- The objectives are: gations not merely their field for 1. To doubl,e church attendance. CUltivation, but their force for 2. To double church membership. service. Requirements for church 3. To increase the number of in- offices include not only a blameless quirers. life, but evidence that the candi- 4. To increase attendance at Sun- date rules well his own household; day-schools. that he knows the catechism and 5. To promote Bible classes and rules of church government; can Bible institutes. read Korean and Chinese and is able and ready to pray and preach 6. To promote family worship in acceptably. If the wife of a church the homes. officer becomes involved in a scan- dal or if one of his children mar- 7. The church-wide observance of ries an unbeliever, that is sufficient the Lord's Day. cause for his resignation. He 8. Every church member a witness for Christ.

9. Every Christian a Bible student.

10. To promote Christian steward- should be able to exert a stronger ship in the use of time, talents and influence in his o,wn household if money. he is worthy to rule lin the Church For the evangelistic meetings, of God. It would be interesting to cards were distributed to church apply these tests to church officers members. These are good for ad- in America!

mission only when the member is In the building of a new Korea accompanied by a non-Christian. out of the old there are many This insures an audience at least forces at work. Chiefly, they are 50 per cent unevangelized and en- two-as has been intimated-the lists Christians as personal work- Japanese government and the ers. Already many churches re- Christian Church. These should port a gain in all objectives and not be antagonistic but supplemen- some have already doubled or tary. The Japanese are develop- tripled their membership. ing the material resources, pro- Sunday observance and regular moting sanitation, he a I t hand church attendance are both strong- education. They are responsible ly stressed among Korean Chris- for peace and security, for justice

BUILDING A NEW KOREA

and laws, and for international re- of the Word of God. The Bible lations. In most of these directions must be studied and understood they are showing commendable and its teachings followed if a efficiency. Where they fall short Church is to live and grow. Ko- seems to be in their lack of sym- rean Christians accept it literally.

pathy and understanding of the They fully believe that the Lord Koreans. Most officials tend to today, in answer to the prayer of treat them as inferiors and seek to faith, heals the sick. They still transform them into Japanese too cast out demons in the Name and hastily and harshly. They show a Power of Christ; they follow New lack of appreciation for Korean Testament standards more closely history and institutions and over- than mnst western Churches in the look the value of religious teaching observance of the Lord's Day, in -especially the blessings that have the examination of candidates for come through Christ and His Gos- baptism, in the selection of church pel. officers, and in the rules for church The other great factnr in the discipline.

building of the new Korea is the If these standards are not to be mis8iooory movement. This has lowered and are to be intelligent- meant the establishment of schools ly followed and understood, the and colleges, h 0 s pit a I sand church leaders must be carefully churches, the distribution of Bibles trained as teachers and overseers and Christian literature, work fnr of the flock. Today, few of the lepers and the farmers. The Agri- pastors are college graduates. They cultural Institute under Mr. Dex- are assisted by "helpers" who have ter N. Lutz, a Presbyterian mis- had Bible training and evangelistic sionary at Pyengyang, conducts an experience. There is great need experimental farm, carries on ex- for a better educated ministry and periments in soil improvement, for more of these Bible trained fertilizers and seeds, provides agri- "helpers." Ordained pastors are cultural courses for students, holds trained in the Presbyterian Sem- institutes for farmers, and trains inary in Pengyang and in the picked men to go out and conduct Methodist Seminary in Sea u I .

similar institutes in their own dis- Helpers, Bible women and church tricts. Since 80 per cent of the officers are trained in short-term population is engaged in tilling the institutes and in Bible schools.

soil, this work is of far-reaching In the winter of 1911, Dr. Ar- importance. Indirectly, it is vitally thur T. Pierson visited Korea and related to the growth of a strong, was deeply impressed with the self-supporting, independent, mis- apostolic character of the work sionary Church. and the opportunity before the Perhaps the most characteristic Church. Conferences with mis- feature of the Korean Christianity sinnaries led him to desire earnest- has been its devotion to the Bible ly to help strengthen the Bible and whole hearted acceptance of training among people that were its teachings as the divinely given eager for it. Soon after he returned rule of faith and life. In every to America, he was called Home, Mission field, power and perma- but his family and friends united nence in. Christian life have been to carry out his purpose by estab- in proportion to such acceptance lishing the Pierson Memorial Bible

School in Seoul, the capital. This several traveled on foot to various school is based on Jesus Christ as parts of the country to do evanthe Son of God and Saviour of gelistic work. men, and the Bible as the inspired Word of God. The School has now As we studied the needs of the been in operation for over fifteen Korean Church for more trained years. In it are cooperating the Bible leaders, and learned of the Nor the r n Presbyterians, the opportunities for preaching the Northern and Southern Methodists Gospel, saw the earnestness of the and the Canadian Presbyterians Koreans in Bible study and the (now, United Church of Canada). eagerness of these young men to The Principal of the School is the prepare for Christian service, we Rev. Wallace J. Anderson, a Pres- were deeply convinced of the imbyterian missionary, and at the portant place that such a Bible time of our visit there were forty- school can fill in the program of three students. Eleven were grad- Christ, as a "School of the Prophuated last year, of whom three ets" in Korea. were Methodists and eleven Presbyterians. They came from eight It is not the purpose of this of the thirteen provinces and all Bible school, or that at Taiku, to planned to enter Christian service. fill the place of a theological semi- Two are now in the Theological nary. This need is at present sup- Seminary in Pyengyang, and their plied in Seoul by the Methodists and in Pyengyang by the Presbyconsecration and ability are highly terians. It is more in line with commended by the faculty. some Bible institutes in America and is designed; We were greatly impressed with the earnestness and high purpose 1. To train unordained church of the pupils of this Bible School. workers. Many are of high calibre as men and as Christians. Some had trav- 2. To give special Bible instructiQn eled long distances on foot, one and practical experience to students hundred miles or more, to attend not ready to enter the seminary. the School. Tl1ey could not afford the price of even a third-class rail- 3. To conduct short term classes way ticket. Most of them were and institutes for men and women of living on a minimum allowance for the Seoul Station. food and clothing, with none of the comforts–much less the lux- 4. To provide classes for laymen in uries–enjoyed by seminary and church leadership. Bible institute students in America. Yet they were cheerful and 5. To offer night classes for Sununcomplaining and were happy to day"school teachers and others. walk several miles to save carfare that had been given them, in order 6. To give practical courses in perto put the money in a fund for sonal evangelistic work. summer evangelism. Practically all of the students spend a part of 7. To offer musical instruction for their time in evangelistic work, choruses and leaders of church music. Bible teaching and preaching in This is a large program which the SeOUl district. Last summer is not now covered by any school in Korea. To carry it out will re- quire increased support from America and from Korea. The Church on the field is having a hard struggle to maintain its standard of self-support and pov- erty makes it impossihle for stu-

BUILDING A NEW KOREA

dents to meet the full cost of tui- training schools will be a great loss tion and board. None of the Chris- to the Church. tian colleges, seminaries or Bible institutes even in America are self- "T h i r d, the sympathy and supporting-much less can we ex- prayers of the Christians in Amerpect th~s today in Korea. The need ica." is vital and the opportunity is great. If the challenge is accepted, To the question "How can Chris- American Christians who believe tians at home be of greatest help to Christians in Korea?" some pas- tors in Taiku replied: THE FACULTY AND STUDENTS OF PIERSON MEMORIAL BIBLE SCHOOL, SEOUL Mr. Anderson, principal; is seated next to the ('dltor in the secolld row and Mrs. Anderson to t11e Jeft of Mrs. Pierson in evangelical biblical training for 1. "By considering Koreans as the Koreans must accept it and truly brothers and sisters in Christ provide additional support. and by giving brotherly help in this time of need. To the question: "What is the greatest need in Korea today?" the . 2. "By 'sending more mission- Christian laymen in Pyengyang aries, filled with the love of Christ answered: and faith in the word of God, to help train our church leaders. "First, fair and impartial treatnwnt; an opportunity to' earn an 3. "By prayerful andsympahonest living and to live an honest thetic support of our efforts to life. build up the Church of Christ in Korea." "Second, Christian education. For this, Koreans need contimted Will you accept this challenge help. Any decrease in the number and help to carry out this proof Christian schools or in the sup- gram? It is a program for building port of Christian colleges and aNew Chrisitan Korea.

3

THE CHURCH OFFERS MEN*

A Message to the People of the United States from One Hundred American Clergymen T HE Church of Jesus Christ offers to men an authentic message concerning God which leads to the secret of all worth-while living. It recognizes the universal human hunger for God, and the possibility of communion with Him. It reveals God as a living, Personal Force. It offers a partnership with God. . . .

The Church offers acquaintanceship with the great men of the past. In the lives of prophets and heroes and in the life of Jesus Christ, the Church holds up the ideals by which character and achievement may be measured. In the call to help build the Kingdom of God on earth, the· Church presents the purpose which gives deeper meaning to everything men do. It releases through human lives the transforming power of God. It gives men a long view of life. . . .

The Church offers a fellowship with the great host of believers throughout the world. It gives an opportunity to work with other men fo,r the cultivation of the spiritual life and for increasing the stock of goodness in the world. It offers membership in an organization which thinks in terms of world relations. It is the oldest and most honorable institution in existence. . . .

The Church offers a comradeship of worshippers. While it urges private devotion, it brings men together so that they may receive the inspiration which comes from united worship; and to this end it provides a vast storehouse of aids so that men may "practice the presence of God." This comradeship is the greatest brotherhood in existence. . .

The Church offers to men the most inspiring task in the world. It gives them a view of life which lifts them out of themselves and relates them to vast purposes. It has a world-wide program of social adjustment, sanctioned and empowered by religion. It offers modern men a fighting chance in the great struggle to improve the conditions of life here on earth. It asks men to devote their best talents, their keenest wisdom, and their highest genius in helping tOo make this world what it ought to be. . . .

The Church offers comradeship with Jesus Christ in all the affairs of life. It gives men a clear understanding of the mind of Christ. It is through Him that we come to know God. The steady discipline of intimate friendship with Jesus Christ results in men becoming like Him.

The Church offers to men a solution of the problem of sin. It gives comfort and strength when trials come and sorrows weigh upon the heart, an enlargement of life's meaning, guidance in life's endeavors, and an assurance of life's outcome. It offers a message of courage and hope, the gift of wisdom in times of pe:r,;plexity, the assura nce of perfect peace, emancipation from ignorance through the truth which makes all men free, and the power of eternal life.

• From the HFact Book" of the Home lfissions CongreHS, Wnshington, D. C.

34

SUPPORT HOME MISSIONS*

BY THE REV. JAY S. STOWELL, Philadelphia, Pa.

CHANGES in social and indus- fortunate result is the building up trial realms, changes in pub- in the minds of church constitulic thinking, changes in the encies of a thoroughly misleading home missionary program itself, idea of what the home missionary and the startling fact of an annual program is, with a consequent decline in missionary receipts in tendency to defeat the program it- an era of unprecedented national self. The sympathy motive is a prosperity and actual increase in dangerous motive to rely upon.

giving along certain other lines, are !FEAR-Another motive which factors in a situation which makes has been used is fear. We have it well-nigh mandatory for us to stated deliberately that unless we examine the motives undergirding Christianize certain groups they the home missionary enterprise would paganize us. There has and to consider those conditions in been and still is considerable truth the churches which help or hinder in such a statement and the appeal home missionary support. is an effective one. For example, SYMPATHY-The appeal to sym- can organized society continue to pathy is one which quickly brings exist in our great cities and will a response and that appeal has life or property be safe if we conbeen used widely. Few things tinue to raise up generations of have done more to stir the heart youth to become gangmen and gun- and reach the pocketbooks of men with thoroughly antisocial atchurch members than photographic titudes when adequate church pro- or verbal pictures of mountaineer grams might have built entirely log cabins, Negro shacks and con- different conceptions into the lives gested city tenements. Human erf the same individuals? The fear nature responds quickly to such motive is probably an unfortunate presentations. There is reason to motive to use when it refers to par- believe, however, that the sym- ticular racial or national groups pathyappeal has nearly served its since it does a marked injustice to day in home missions. To be sure, the members of that group who there are still plenty of poor peo- are taking their place in the com- ple in America but the proportion munity as purposeful and useful is much smaller than in the past Christians, and it creates wI-o·ng and to continue this appeal tends attitudes even toward less worthy to break down the self-respect of members of such groups. How- the people who might be included ever, it is well for our supporting in such groups or to prejudice constituencies to face frankly and them against the Church itself frequently the possible results of since they come to feel that they living in communities or in a na- are being exploited foro publicity tion where the work now done by purposes rather than assisted from national home-missionary agencies Christian motives. An equally un- is neglected.

*' From the Report ()f n committee of the SELF-INTEREST – Missions have Nntinnul Home Missions Congress. sometimes been promoted on the 35

assurance that the Christian re- of religion into the life of the ligion promotes community and young people of the nation. Much national well-being; it tends to in- of the appeal of the Near East pro- crease a person's wants, to build gram, which kept the attention of up reliability of character, to pro- American people for years, grew mote interest in community enter- out, not merely of the fact of hu- prises, and in general to make life man hunger, but of the fact that easier and more prosperous. Just the people who were hungry were as it is an advantage for an indi- boys and girls. Surely there is no vidual to purchase a home in a more legitimate appeal and pos- community supplied with churches, sibly no more effective appeal for so it is an advantage to live in a the promotion of home-missionary nation where other communities interest than the things which the are supplied with churches. This home-missionary enterprise has motive is not the most compelling. done, is doing, and ought to do for CHRISTIAN DUTy-It is quite boys and girls.

clear that Christ had a program of SOCIAL AND INDIVIDUAL SALVA- expansion for His followers and TION-The main motive on which that He sent His disciples out to the home missionary enterprise carryon this work of expansion. must depend is the abounding con- He had some very decided ideas fidence that only in Jesus Christ about the outreach of His kingdom can the individual and society es- and issued urgent exhortations to cape sin and degradation and find His followers for carrying on His complete fulfillment of life. In work. To many loyal Christians other words, the home missionary the conviction that the missionary enterprise is based upon a pro- enterprise is a continuation of the found conviction of the worth- program launched by Jesus him- whileness of the Christian religion self is sufficient warrant for their in the life of the individual and the participation in it. nation and of the effectiveness of LOVE OF CHILDREN-One of the the Christian Church as the media- most effective appeals which the tor of Jesus Christ and His re- home-missionary enterprise has to- ligion to the lives of men.

day is the challenge of the boys and THE CHALLENGE-To those of girls of America. An amazing us who believe that Jesus Christ, amount of home missionary work the founder and exponent of Chris- is actually done with boys and girls tianity, is man's chief need, that and the volume of such work is fullness of life can be found only steadily increasing. Almost every in Him, and that personal morality home missionary enterprise has its and social righteousness must find Sunday school or its classes, its its basis in the- religion which He clubs, its week-day religious in- taught, there can be no more in- struction, its daily vacation church spiring task than that of going out school, and other related activities. to enlist the wealth of the nation Much of the money which goes into and the rising flood of young life home missionary churches is for in the challenging task of making equipment to serve boys and girls available to all the communities of and there is no reason why the America the Christian privileges missionary enterprise cannot cap- which some communities now en- italize this appeal for the building joy.

RELIGION STOP WAR?*

BY DR. HENRY A. ATKINSON Secretary of the World Oon!crence !or International Peace ThrQugh ReUyian T HE eleven great religious religions and religious groupings systems – Christian, Jewish, of mankind. A World Conference Moslem, Buddhist, Confucian- is to be held. The purpose as ist, Shintoist, Taoist, Hindu, Zoras- agreed upon at the conference of trian, Sikh, and Jain-are organiz- 1928 states: ing themselves for a joint endeavor Purposes of Conference to establish world peace and outlaw war. Quietly under way since Peace is one of the loftiest positive 1924, the effort will reach the full aims of united human endeavor. Spirestate of a world movement in itual in its very nature and implicit 1932 when these faiths, and many in the teachings of all religions, it of the minor religions, will convene was this aim which inspired the in a World Conference for Interna- Church Peace Union to set on foot the tional Peace through Religion. movement that has now taken form in a resolve to hold a World Conference Can the reliirions of the world of all religions. Of this Conference prevent war? They have been used the sole purpose will be to rouse and to direct the religious impulses of huto make war, and certainly no one manity against war in a constructive who knows history or keeps up world-wide effort to achieve peace. with current events can dispute the statement that to seek to pre- The World Conference designs neivent war is one of the noblest en- ther to set up a formal league of reterprises into which the religious ligions, nor to compare the relative leadership of the world can enter. values of faith, nor to espouse any It seems a wild dream to try to political, ecclesiastical, or theological or social system. Its specific objects bring together the religious lead- will be: ers for such a purpose; but when, 1. To state the highest teachings in September, 1928, there came to of each religion on peace and the Geneva from the ends of the earth causes of war.

some 200 delegates representing 2. To record the efforts of religious the eleven major religions of hu- bodies in furtherance of peace. manity and five or six of the smaller religious groups, thousands of 3. To devise means by which men people began to say, "Perhaps this of all religious faiths may work tothing can be done after all." A gether to remove existing obstacles to program of action was agreed upon peace; to stimulate international coand efforts set on foot to form a operation for peace and the triumph World Committee of a thousand of right; to secure international jus- tice, to increase goodwill, and thus to bring about in all the world a fuller persons drawn from the various realization of the brotherhood of men.

4. To seek opportunities for con- "The Conference referred to in this I1rticle certed action among the adherents of Is not a conference of religions or on religion. all religions against the spirit of vio- It will not jnvolve comparisons or imply lence and the things that make for equality. No religion w!11 be officially repre- strife_ sented or be reapoDsiblf!: for anything that is said or done. It is not a conference of or for Per-suaded that this high purpose religion at all, but a conference for protest will move devoted hearts and minds against war and the adl"ocacy of international peace by individual men and women of all re~ ligious faiths.-A. J. B.

87

everywhere, the preliminary gathering Wadia; in China, Dr. Hu Shih and at Geneva has app'Ointed a c'Ommittee Dr. Chen Huan Chang; in Japan, t'O prepare f'Or the W'Orld C'Onference, Prof. Tomoeda and Dr. Anesaki, S'O that w'Orld-wide coordination 'Of re- and hundreds of others equally ligi'Ous endeav'Or may help t'Owards the well known. All have agreed to take full establishment 'Of peace among a place on the Committee and are men. working for this great purpose.

Four International Commissions If you ask the average man this have been set up: one to make a question: "Can religion prevent study of the influences in the world war?" he will say, "No." He that make for war, the second to knows religions better by their opmake a complete survey of the position than by their constructive spiritual resources of mankind agreements. To him religion is with which these influences can be a fighting force–Catholic and met, the third to make a survey of Protestant, Jew and Arab, Hindu the efforts now being made by the and Moslem, Lutheran and Calvinvarious religious agencies and their ist, Methodist and Baptist. These adherents throughout the world to very names signify opposing further interracial and interna- forces. How can you bring the tional understanding and peace, broken fragments of a fighting and the fourth to formulate a pro- army into a well-ordered regimentgram by which the spiritual re- ed movement for peace? sources of mankind can be set in motion, coordinated, and directed Religion's Warlike Past to bear upon the causes of war. The historian will agree with the Leaders 'Of M'Ovement average man in saying that religion cannot prevent war. Wars in the Men eminent in the field of eco- past have been largely fought nomics, education, science, sociol- either for religion or by the aid of ogy, literature, art, and religion religion. From the earliest time have accepted places as members man built his altar over against the of these Commissions. When the altar of his neighbor. Religion alreports are completed they will be ways has been a divisive factor in published and distributed, and be- human affairs. It is well known come the basis of discussion when that the troubles in Ireland were the World Conference meets. aggravated by the religion of the people. The same is true in India The Conference calls for a joint where every person has some kind presidency of six, of whom five of religion and everything is conhave already been appointed-Dr. nected in some way with religion; S. Parkes Cadman of the United where every act of life must con- States, Dr. Albert Einstein of Ger- form to some religious ceremony, many, Dr. Rabindranath Tagore custom or prejudice. The 320,000,- of India, Baron Saketani of Japan, 000 people in India represent not and the Lord Bishop of Liverpool, so many individuals but various England. Among the Vice-Presi- communities determined by their dents are leaders widely known religious beliefs and affiliations. from all the nations and all religious faiths: in India, Mahatma By its very definition religion Gandhi, Dr. Ansari, Prof. Rad- binds man back to his God, but in hakrishna, Teja Singh, and Prof. its activities it seems to divide him

CAN RELIGION STOP WAR?

from his fellow men. The Father- commercial advantages. Behind hood of God is a doctrine much the forcible conversion to Chriseasier to accept as an article of tianity of the nations and the faith than the universal brother- sword of the conquerors, was the hood of man, if one is to judge by grim figure of the Emperor who, practical results. Religion has al- through his priests, baptised in ways identified itself with race and the name of the Father, Son, and national aspirations. Every war the Holy Ghost and took over new that was every fought has had the lands in the name of the Imperial active support of religion and Crown. The cross erected over the many wars may be considered newly built church matched the purely religious. This is what the flag of the conqueror proudly flyhistorian will tell you. ing over the newly built garrison.

Few Purely Religious Wars The clash between Jew and Arab in Palestine and the recent de- However, in spite of common ex- plorable riots and savage slaughter perience and historical evidence, I are not the result of religious conam sure that a deeper study of his- troversy or rivalry. There is no tory will convince anyone that quarrel between the Arab and the there have been few purely reli- Jewish citizen. Zionism is not ingious wars; that is, wars fought terested in maintaining the synasolely for religion and in the in- gogue over against the mosque; in terests of religion. The Moslem fact, many of the Zionist colonies armies went out ostensibly to con- have no synagogue. The Wailing vert the Christian world to the Wall is merely incidental. The Moslem faith, but behind that clash is between a conquering movement was the desire and the minority gradually becoming domidetermination to build up a great nant and a static majority that world empire. It was national ag- feels its helplessness in Palestine gression using religious enthusi- and its kinship to the larger quesasm. The Crusades, pictured as a tion involved in a pan-Arab state. religious enterprise, was the Holy The interests of Arabia, Egypt, War par excellence. Christian na- Syria, Transylvania, and Iraq are tions joined forces to rescue the being fought out in Palestine. Holy Sepulchre from the hands of the Saracens. But behind this re- Religion Affects All Human Life ligious motive was a deeper onethe greed of the West and the belief The religions of the world reprethat a pathway could be opened up sent the one interest most nearly between its capitals and the great universal that affects human life. centers of wealth in the Far East. There are many forms of worship and practice, for no tribe has ever It was this restless movement been found, even in the most rethat lay at the beginning of the mote parts of the world, without Renaissance and was behind the some religious faith. Religion is great explorers. It was this that one of the most powerful influences sent adventurers out to the ends of upon people and one of the most the earth, and it was this same far reaching, for it penetrates to spirit that discovered America- every action of the individual. Can religion utilized for trade and gov- these religions be organized into ernmental enterprises as well as an effective instrument to fight

against those things that make for peace. Either the eleven living remisunderstanding and discord and ligions can cooperate to put an end cooperate in developing a sense to war, or else war will put an end of spiritual oneness, a world-wide to modern governments and the friendship that will make effective religions that now dominate huevery plan and effort toward the manity will be cast aside as the establishment of a warless world? useless appendages of an outgrown The Paris Peace Pact has by de- past. cree outlawed war. It now remains to be outlawed in fact. Legal pro- Can Religion Stop War? hibitions never accomplish more than the people are willing that This question was recently adthey should accomplish. dressed to the editor. He replied: War will not be outlawed until Yes, if it is the right kind of religion the men and women of all nations and if its followers truly understand it see to it that it is outlawed. The and intelligently apply it. One of the god of war is too strongly en- most hopeful signs of the times is the trenched to be driven from his fort- growing conviction that war and Christ ress by harsh words, nor will the are utterly incompatible. Briand-Kellogg Pact and the other instruments of peace, by making But the answer to the question cannot faces at him, give him any uneasi- stop here. How can religion stop war? ness. Just as long as diplomacy What method shall it adopt? At this follows the old lines of intrigue point there is wide difference of opinion. and self-interest and depends upon We need to realize more adequately that force to make right its demands, the elimination of war is a by product. whether they be just or not, wars Something else must be secured first, will continue. Until there is a and then the desired result will logically new spirit born in the hearts of and naturally follow. That something people and the spirit of peace else is the spirit of human brotherhood, an international friendship which will itself felt in the official govern- dispel the fears and suspicions and mental circles, the nations will con- prejudices and misunderstandings and tinue to arm and by their display hatreds from which wars spring. of force provoke the wars which they will then be compelled to fight. It is the specific function of religion The creation of such a spirit is a to create this spirit. Laws and treaties, real religious task. Never once up the World Court and the League of Nato the present has an effort been tions are indispensable to give effect to made to bring together the re- it. Religious men and women in .their ligions of the world to mould them capacity as citizens should support these into a weapon against war itself. agencies. But the special field in which religion should operate is not the ante- Religion can abolish war. The chambers of politicians but the pulpit, religions of the world can make the the platform, the press, and the consigning of the Briand-Kellogg Pact ference round table. Nations whose peo- ples respect and trust one another will the most significant event that has settle their differences by peaceful means. ever transpired in the history of But there will be no end to wars until the law of love supersedes the law of mankind. the jungle. Treaties cannot create that If the religious instincts of hu- love. They can only register its dic- tates after religion has created it. manity can be mobilized for war, surely they can be organized for A. J. B.

A PRAYER Lord God, of might inconceivable, of glory incomprehensible, of mercy im- measurable, of benignity ineffable, do Thou, 0 Master, look down upon us in Thy tender love, and show forth towards us and those who pray with us, Thy rich mercies and compassions.-St. Chrysos- tom.

STATESMEN MEET

WASHINGTON An Editorial Review of the Recent Home Missions Congress of North America T HE magnitude, importance general Home Missions Congress, and problems of the Home gathering together representatives Missions' task has never been of the whole Protestant Church and set forth so fully and so forcefully studying the task in its entirety. as at the Home Missions Congress It was not a popular gathering to which met in Calvary Baptist reach the uninterested but was a church, Washington, D. C., during deliberative conference of workers the first five days of December. It to study the situation-its needs, was important in its numbers and its faults, its methods and its rerepresentation. The. eight hun- sponsibilities. Some day soon dred or more delegates represented there should be a more popular twenty-eight Protestant bodies and more widely representative that include in their membership gathering to present home mistwo thirds of the Protestant Chris- sions in a way to compel attention tians of the United States and and enlist more general coopera- Canada. . The officers were Dr. tion-as was done for foreign mis- Charles L. White, President; Mrs. sians by the Ecumenical Confer- Orrin R. Judd and Rev. Walter L. ence in New York in 1900. Lingle, Vice-Presidents; Dr. Wil- The Congress was important, liam R. King, Executive Secretary, and should be epoch-making, beand Rev. Herman N. Morse, Coun- cause of the care and completeness selor. Leading home missionaries that marked the preparation and and executives, active pastors, lay- free, frank and factual discussions. men and women constituted the The Data Book, prepared in admembership of the Conference. vance, is a masterpiece in the clear- The Congress was held and the ness with which it sets forth the plans were made under the auspi- main facts and features of the ces of the Home Missions Council, home mission task. The Congress the Council of Women for Home was divided daily into groups for Missions, and the Federal Council the careful discussion of the subof Churches of Christ in America. divisions of the work-(l) scope, The chief lack noticeable was in :ftnances, equipment and administhe absence of any number of rep- tration; (2) promotion objectives, resentatives of young people who methods and means; (3) comity should be interested and trained and cooperation – its principles, for the task before the Church. failures and progress; (4) person- The Congress was important be- nel and recruiting, with the enlistcause of its uniqueness and pur- ment and training of workers; pose. The foreign mission enter- (5) the city and new Americansprise has had numerous great and their special problems and the inclusive gatherings – Liverpool, solution; (6) the town and coun- London, New York, Edinburgh, try, with suburban and rural Jerusalem-but this was the first churches, Southern Mountaineers 41

and their needs; (7) the American Council, in the clarion call-uNo Indians, their present and future; community neglected, no mission- (8) the Jews in America and how ary work duplicated, no mission- to win them to Christ; (9) the ary funds wasted; all studying the West Indies-Porto Rico, Cuba, work of each, each working for the Haiti, Dominican Republic and the success of all; progress by reci- Virgin Islands; (10) the Negroes procity; spiritual conquest through in America and the problem of Christian cooperation."

race-relations; (1:1) Spa n ish The findings of the Congress, as Americans, Asiatics and migrant reported and discussed in the last groups; (12) the Mormons today session, represent the best thought and what should be done for them; of the best minds engaged in the (13) Alaska and its missions. task of giving Christ and His Gos- Each of these topics was discussed pel to Americans. This document in separate group meetings led by may well form the basis for futUre those who have had experience plans and policies. If the facts and are leaders in their respective presented are accepted and the fields. Each group presented their program recommended is carried conclusions in "Findings" which out by all the Home Mission agen- may well be' taken as an inspiring cies, a new era will dawn for guide for future endeavors. America and for the world. Is it The Congress was remarkable too much to hope? It is not too for its spirit, definite purpose and much to attempt in the name and emphasis. Three things stood out spirit of Christ and in the Power clearly in practically every discus- of God.

sion-not only in general meetings EXTRACTS FROM THE FINDINGS guided by the officers, but in each For a century the church in sub-group. First, the prime im- America labored under the convicportance of presenting Christ and tion that it must expand and press His Gospel to every American and the hopelessness of any other on. If that sense of imperative Power for the saving of America; need has been lost we must recresecond, the need for closer, mote ate it in the Church.

perfect cooperation among all I. DEFINITION-The home mis- Christian forces in working with- sion task of the Church may be deout rivalry or waste of men and fined as the effort, in the spirit of money in every field and enter- Christ and in fulfilment of His prise; third, the need for fuller great commission, to win to Chrisconsecration of men and means~ tian discipleship the people of and more loyal and complete obedi- North America and to Christianize ence to Christ as the great Head of the life of our nations.

the Church. The emphasis on these More specifically, we conceive points was in itself a great encour- that the task of Home Missions in- agement and was helped forward cludes these objectives: by the daily devotional services led 1. To win men and women to by Dr. Henry C. Swearingen. discipleship of Jesus Christ, to The keynote of advance was unite them with other disciples in sounded at the opening service by the fellowship of the Christian Dr. Charles L. White, retiring Church, and to educate them for president of the Home Missions worship and service at home and

CHRISTIAN STATESMEN MEET IN WASHINGTON

abroad by helping them to discover ation and unity will be an empty and to accept for themselves and gain unless He vitalizes it.

for society at large the full conse- How shall this deeper experience quences of Christian discipleship. be attained? Just as the early dis- 2. To make the church available ciples attained it. They followed to those sections of America which Him. They learned from Him.

lack its ministry. " Their lives were a daily experi- 3. To supply adequate church mentation in His way of living. . .

leadership where the work of the In like manner we shall find that present church is unsuccessful or He saves us from disillusionment inadequate. and despair by giving us His own 4. In the case of handicapped or radiance and we, too, will dare to retarded areas or underprivileged take Him into every problem and groups, to assist -in providing those need that lies athwart the nations.

institutions and services which are III. GENERAL CONSlDERATIONS- the necessary elements of a Chris- The romance of Home Missions tian standard of living to the end should not be obscured and the self- that the Christian community life effacing spirit of the home mission- may be developed. ary and the dignity of his work 5. To bring the Christian im- should not remain unrecognized or pulse to bear upon the broad social unappreciated. Home m iss ion and civic "questions of our day. work today as in all the years that II. MESSAGE-Nineteen hundred have passed, demands qualities of years ago a band of men went out courage, patience and self-sacrifice and transformed the world under comparable to those exemplified in the conviction that "Neither is any other phases of Christian serv- there salvation in any other for ice.

there is none other name under The mission school has been de- heaven given among men whereby veloped to meet a particular need we must be saved." This convic- in . areas where adequate educa~ tion was born out of a great per- tional facilities were not available.

sonal experience. Christ had made . . . It is the intention of home their lives pageants of triumph in missions to supplement rather than Him. . . . to substitute for the responsibilities The conviction that Christ is suf- of the State in education.

ficient for meeting the problems of A similar criterion is involved in collective life in North America the valuation of institutions like must likewise come from a great the hospital and the community personal experience of Him. . . . house.

If He means enough to a sufficient The development of the church number of men and women in and of other agencies of religious North America, the entire life of nurture is a basic concern of home our nations can be changed and the missions.

problems that seem too overwhelm- In dealing with racial groups of ing can be solved. alien origin, while we would recog- Throughout this Congress there nize the importance of every effort has been manifest a deep yearning to bring such groups into accord for Christ and a feeling that in with the spirit of American insti- very truth we are thrown back tutions and traditions, we believe wholly on Him. . . . Even cooper- it to be the primary purpose of

home missions to bring these cial and racial relations. We urge groups into the discipleship of upon the churches their Christian Christ and the fellowship of the responsibility in this connection.

Christian Church. Church people should be as Chris- With respect to work in purely tian as they expect their mission- missionary fields there seems to be aries to be.

a need for frequent reevaluation We recommend that specially of such efforts. It should not be chosen missionaries be released by assumed that work once begun their boards to impart information must always be maintained. and awaken interest in home mis- The responsibility of a board sions among student groups.

for the support of a mission church Christian missionaries, in order is not fulfilled merely by extending to be leaders, should in general to it financial assistance. The fa- have at least a college education as cilities of the board should be avail- well as outstanding spiritual and able in frequent conference and personal character.

through other channels to foster in We recommend that the two each aided church a full-orbed life Home Missions Councils appoint a so as to bri;ng it to assume full re- standing committee on Personnel sponsibility in the general pro- to consider the salaries, conditions gram of the Church. of work, personnel management We believe that the National and recruiting for home mission- Home Missions Councils should aries.

establish relations of cooperation We recommend that the policy and counsel with national bodies already in practice by some boards operating in the field of religious of commissioning workers for a education. special service be more widely Home Missions has an inescap- adopted.

able responsibility in relation to V. THE CITY AND NEW AMERI- the application of Christianity to CANs-The city takes an increas- current life problems. The excep- ingly dominant place in American· tional difficulties under which life. The city as never before many of our fields are laboring in places its stamp on the life and this year of business depression thought of the nation.

accentuates the responsibility in The city is essentially a home the field of economic well-being. mission problem. With its polyglot Home Mission Boards should take populations it calls for a ministry the leadership in summoning all to varied racial groups. It has Christian people to shape the eco- great numbers of under-privileged nomic structure of American life who cannot out of their own re- in accordance with true Christian sources provide adequate religious ideals. facilities for themselves. It is the IV. PERSONNEL AND RECRUIT- center of an industrial life that ING-The successful enlisting of challenges Christianity. The sub- missionaries who are personally, urbs as a group constitute a vast spiritually and technically fitted for missionary field.

specific tasks of increasing diffi- The city is remaking human na- culty depends in large measure ture. The breakdown or weaken- upon the Christian attitude of ing of the old social bonds-in the church members on industrial, so- family group, the neighborhood

CHRISTIAN STATESMEN MEET IN WASHINGTON

group, and the racial group-tends known to all the people of North to social disintegration. The shift- America to the end that they may ing of trade groups, population become His followers and that His groups, and population centers on spirit and principles may be made the one hand, and the daily ebb and operative in every sphere and de- flow of the city's life on the other, partment of our human life and make for the adventurous charac- relationships.

ter of individual life … The fundamental appeal of home We urge that the denominational missions is the same today as it city societies of a given city be was one hundred years ago, that brought into closer working rela- is the winning of men and women tions with each other and with the to Jesus Christ and His Way of life, city Federation of Churches. but the methods by which this ap- To equalize religious privilege peal is made must change with changing conditions. The knowlwithin cities marked by such reli- edge that Home Mission Agencies gious destitution and crossed by are adjusting themselves to these such contrasts, requires that the changing conditions will bring conconception of home missions, in its local application to city mis- fidence in the minds of the constitsions, be deemed to comprehend uency.

the full task of the whole church. Some of the factors that enter The Restriction Law has largely into the new approach in home changed the immigrant situation in missions are ever new national the United States. It should be problems and consequent responsiremembered, however, that over bility; the growing complexity ten million people of foreign birth and intensity of the struggle for have made this country their per- life; the enlargement of the intelmanent home and are becoming lectual horizon of greater numbers more and more an integral and of people; and a vast spiritual unformative part of its political, so- rest.

cial and industrial life. Home mis- At the heart of any plan for de- sionary efforts among these people veloping missionary-mindedness in should be continued: Our foreign a local church, we would place a language churches are in a period thoroughly 0 r g ani zed church of transition and deserve the in- school of missions.

creased sympathy and loyalty of Since the pastors are our chief home mission agencies. fellow-workers, we suggest that Recognition is made of an in- Boards endeavor to keep in close creasing number of church projects and sympathetic touch with these supported and maintained jointly by various denominations. They men. We urge the value of passtand as a visible and tangible tes- tors' conferences in which, in a timony of a cooperative purpose spirit of real partnership repreon the part of the Christian Church sentatives of the boards, shall that goes the full length. study with the pastors the why and the how of missionary proce- XV. PROMOTION – Home mis- dures and administrative policies, sionary promotion signifies the and the methods of promotion.

means and the methods which may We urge our theological seminaries be used to advance our common to prepare candidates for the min- purpose to make Jesus Christ istry in the technique and under-

standing of our home missionary XVI. COMITY AND COOPERATION needs and motives. -We approve the purport and On account of the constant criti- method contained in the comity cism of home missionary agencies principles applicable to English- for expending money in so-called speaking Work in the Town and competitive fields and the conse- Country Field, as published in the quent loss in contributions, we Data Book, which have been previ- must express the judgment that, ously approved by the two Home from a promotional standpoint, the Missions Councils, the Cleveland Boards should immediately coop- Comity Conference, and various erate with the Home Missions Home Missions Boards. .

Council in pro'1iding information We approve the Detroit Find- that will silence or at least lessen ings of "The Church in the Chang- this criticism. ing City" (Data Book).

We believe that the Home Mis- We desire to call attention to sions Council will find itself as an communities having a population outcome of this Congress confront- of not less than 2,500 or more than ing a greatly enlarged opportunity 100,000, which are larger than the for leadership in the development town primarily associated with ru- of home mission sentiment and ac- ral territory but smaller than the tivity in the churches. And we large urban areas.

urge upon our respective denomi- Recognition is made of an in- nations such sympathetic response creasing number of church proj- to the plans of the Council as will ects supported and maintained make that leadership effective. jointly by various denominations.

Our study of the causes for the They stand as a visible and tan- apparent decreased interest in mis- gible testimony of a cooperative sions as evidenced by decreased purpose on the part of the Chris- contributions in very recent years tian Church that goes the full leads us to feel that while a num- length. The Home Missions Coun- ber of causes may be given, the cil should seek out such opportuni- fundamental cause is a weakened ties and promote participation.

conviction among our people of the Resolved, That in the making of eternal realities of our religion and church adjustments in communi- a correspondingly less desire to ties of 1,000 or less, the following share that religion with others. principles should be observed: What we need and what we be- (1) The primacy of the commu- lieve the Church at large needs is nity interests and the rights and a renewed and more vital conscious- affections of the smaller groups as ness of God; a sense that Jesus is well as of the larger.

Saviour and that there is none (2) That the church should be other either fnr the individual or so formed, and its affairs so con- for society, that without Him we ducted, that in all things local it can do nothing, that through Him will work towards a single church . we can do anything that needs to consciousness, while in its outside be done. We must strive to inter- affiliations it shall observe such pret these convictions of our Chris- missionary objectives and fellow- tian faith in life and in language ship interests as continue to enlist that will capture the attention and the affection of the membership.

allegiance of our fellow-Christians. (3) That it shall show sacred

CHRISTIAN STATESMEN MEET IN WASHINGTON

regard for the ceremonies, cus- the current Bulletins and reports toms, or sacrements through which of the Home Missions Council and the several groups have been wont given such wider publicity as the to express themselves, making suit- judgment of the Home Missions able arrangements for their con- Council may determine.

tinuance. The Home Missions Council hav- (4) That its affiliations shall be ing reviewed the past ten or twelve such, as, on the one hand, will not years of State Home Missions interfere with the development of Council history as given in reports a single church consciousness, and from representative men from all a new community ideal, and, on the states concerned, wishes hereby to other, will keep it in touch with put itself on record as heartily ap- the going order of Christendom proving the general trend and ad- and in harmony with those ideals vise such State Councils of and convictions which, through Churches and State Home Mis- the generations, have become con- sions Councils as have not had the tributions of world-wide value. desired success, that they study This Congress, representing offi- the work of neighboring State cial church boards, places itself on Councils in order to develop a more record as heartily approving inter- efficient instrument of cooperation.

denominational comity agreements We advise those states having no within individual States and for Councils of Churches to organize Nation as a whole, and urges the such bodies; if the way be not various denominations to prevent clear to organize a State Council the repetition of past experiences of Churches, we urge at least the in unnecessarily multiplying the organization of a State Home Mis- number of churches in communi- sions Council.

ties where one denomination is There are conspicuous examples satisfactorily serving the constitu- of cooperative success of various ency. types in the local community; an In order to make this policy increasing number of denomina- more effective, the Church Boards tional Boards are resolutely seek- be urged to set up within their re- ing to avoid all duplication of effort spective staff organizations a and to develop various lines of posi- Comity Committee to whom shall tive cooperative activity; and we be referred all cases where aid is have developed an imposing list of requested for a new church enter- functioning interdenominational prise in any community where an- organizations.

other evangelical church is main- On the other hand, statistical taining an organization, and to and research experts have declared study all competitive enterprises that too great a per cent of home now receiving aid. missionary money goes to fields of In all cases where the principles 1,000 population or less that have of comity, recognized by the Home more than one Protestant church Missions Council, are ignored by and that each of the denominations the representatives of any denomi- represented in the Home Missions nation, a full record of such cases Council participates in such dupli- be placed on file with the Home cation.

Missions Council with the under- We urge the Home Missions standing that they be reported in Council to check up with its con-

stituent boards the importance of local church groups for discussion making at once a careful analysis and action. of all their aided fields to determine to what extent these fields are The important consideration competitive. The results of these now in the development of comity studies should be reported to the and of the practice of cooperation Council for compilation and for is not organization, or technique, mutual study and conference of but is a question of attitude and the boards concerned. spirit. We do not underestimate the many real difficulties involved We are convinced that the time in the solution of these problems, has come to eliminate competition but we feel sure that no difficulties in home missions. Weare unequi- will prove serious enough, that no vocally opposed to the use of mis- obstacles will be sufficiently insursion funds for the maintenance of mountable to keep us from coopercompetitive enterprises. ation and unity when we all really want cooperation and unity. We urge that the Boards in cooperation with the Home Missions This conviction leads us to em- Council consider carefully what phasize as of fundamental importypes of service or specialized ac- tance the necessity of a wide scale tivity can best be done jointly and persistent campaign of educaeither mediately through the Home tion to be directed simultaneously Missions Council or directly at boards, field officials, church juthrough the cooperation of two or dicatories, both major and minor, more Boards. This consideration ministers and the rank and file of would include general services, as church people. church architecture, rural church promotion, etc., or mISSIOnary This campaign of education services for remote areas or dif- should proceed by emphasizing the ficult situations, etc. spiritual and practical advantages to be achieved through coopera- It is the conviction of this group tion and by emphasizing the need that the time has come and the op- to strengthen and extend the work portunity is at hand for passing of the church to the end that the from the "resolution stage" to the full purpose of Home Missions may "action stage" by an aggressive be accomplished. movement of concerted effort. To that end this group urges city and We commend every effort to state councils and local Home Mis- bring a divided Protestantism into sions Councils to project programs closer unity of thought as well as of adjustments as speedily as pos- into wider harmony of action. We sible; and recommends, where no therefore follow with prayerful such city or state councils exist, interest the efforts of several that the denominational Boards of closely related communions to ef- Home Missions set themselves the fect a closer union, and accept all task of discovering conditions that this as a token of the wider unity need adjustments and present the toward which this common Chrissame to a conference of the respon- tian experience and these united sible denominational officials and efforts clearly tend, all in fulfil- ment of the prayer of our Lord.

NOTE: The "Findings" adopted on Town and Country, Mountaineers, InAdlaiasnks~ Negroes, Jews, West Indies, Mexicans, Orientals, Migrants, Mormons and will appear in our February number.-EDITOR.

Of THE

The Outlook for 1931 but Egypt is the scene of frequent demonstrations by students and others No one can travel in non-Christian who are out of joint with the present lands with eyes, ears, mind and heart constitution. Japan reports an atat attention without being indelibly tempted assassination of the premier impressed, if not depressed, by the and student strikes. Korea is povertysorrows and suffering, the physical ,stricken and discouraged; China is and spiritual need, the helpless and harassed and torn by famine, bandits, hopeless condition of multitudes and pirates, revolution and anti-Christian by the apparently insurmountable dif- communists. India is a restless sea, ficulties that face representatives of disturbed by llQn-cooperation agita- Christ in all mission lands. And even tions, civil disobedience, strikes, and so-called Christian lands are not ex- warring tribesmen on the Northwest empt. Frontier. A desire for self-govern- ment _has made the people unmindful Was there "ever a more diflturbed, of the peace and security and oppordistracted and distressed world than tunity given under British control. that on which we look out today? We came back from our world tour realiz- Truly it is a restless world, a dising more than ever how general are turbed world, a hungry world. These the wars and rumors of wars, famines, are evidences that it is a living, and political earthquakes that are dis- breathing, sensitive, ambitious world. turbing the nations. North America is Men are conscious of a need for somesuffering from economic depression, thing better than they have. They unemployment, racketeers, bootleggers, know not what they need but are bandits, graft and bribery. Great reaching out to obtain if possible. But Britain is disturbed with strikes, un- this has always been true when men employment and a burden of }}Overty. have been aroused to a consciousness Australia faces bankruptcy and is of their god-given powers and their threatened with social revolution. In possible heritage. There have been Europe, we read of labor riots and lulls when men were exhausted or rumblings of revolution in Spain, and when nations were under the control political plots in Rumania and Italy of a dictator, but was there ever a and upheavals in Germany and Bul- time when warfare, murders, robbery, garia. Turkey haH had difficulties in political and social unrest, were not quelling a revolt of the Kurds; Pal- prevalent'! Were conditions any betestine is continually protesting; Rus- ter in the days of the Judges in Issia maintains a despotic government rael; or in the time of the Cresars, in and by wholesale executions ,seeks to the fir,st century of the Christian Era root out those who plot for the over- or in the Middle Ages'! The world throw of the Soviet dictators. conditions are better known today than ever before but they are not essential- Latin America has been harvesting ly worse. Education, financial prosa crop of strikes and revolutions-in perity, inventions, world-wide commu- Argentina, Brazil, Peru and Venezu- nication, peace agitathms and the ela; unrest in Bolivia, Uruguay and spread of democracy do not ,seem to Ecuador i Cuba is under military con- have insured stability, enlightened trol and Central America and Mexico government and brotherly kindness. are political volcanoes. What then is the way out?

Africa seems comparatively quiet 4 49

The Uplook for 1981- Islands of the Sea reveal this Power at work. They tell of lives being trans- As the late Dan Crawford of Africa formed in answer to prayer; of op- position overcome or nullified in once said, "The devil can hedge us in remarkable ways and of workers strengthened and encouraged by the but he cannot roof us in." There is a unseen Power. The outlook at the be- ginning of 1931 is not encouraging way out of failure, of turmoil, of dis- to those who look to human agencies couragement for those who will take for the solution of world problems and it. It is always the same way out. It the satisfaction of human needs. But is the way of God. All over the world the outlook is encouraging because of we found faithful men and women the up-look. The God who brought pointing out this way and walking ill Abraham out of idolatrous but prosit. They are not depending on a bet- perous Ur of the ChaIdeoo; who ter environment, or a more stable gov- brought Israel, the enslaved hordes, out ernment–though they desire these. of Egypt and made them a powerful They are not depending on secular ed- nation; the God who overcame politiucation, or better sanitation and medi- cal and religious opposition and estabcal care-though they seek to make lished the crucified Christ as the domthem available to all. They are not de- inant Power in Europe; who overcame pending on an increase in the number superstition and darkness of the Midof Christian adherents-though they dle Ages, is the same who can and will, work and pray for this. They are seek- in His own time, bring the nations of ing to lead men into a true spiritual the world to acknowledge His sway. But, as in the past, it will be, not by life thnmgh a full surrender to Jesus intellectual might, nor by an army, Christ. We have Been well-equipped but by His Spirit Working in the educational inlltitutions, hospitals, and hearts and lives of men. It is our deindustrial and other humanitarian en- sire in the pages of TIlE REVIEW to terprises that did not seem to bring show the need of men all over the world for spiritual life and the procmen and women nearer to God. We esses on which we must depend for have seen other work that was like a victory. There are remarkable evigrain of mustard seed in size but it dences of God's power at work in the showed the signs of spiritual vitality world today. and was bringing life out of death. We came back convinced more than Dr. Arthur J. Brown ever before that there is only one Message worth taking to men and women In taking up again his official reof all nations and tribes at home and sponsibilities, after the year's absence abroad-the message that God in from the office, the editor desires to Christ ill seeking to reconcile men to express his deep appreciation to Dr. Himself and that He has made that Arthur J. Brown, who has so devotedpossible through the life and death ly and efficiently carried on the ediand resurrection of Jesus Christ. In torial work during the year 1930. Dr. every land we saw evidences of the Brown brought to his delightful task power of God at work, that His is a his rich experience as pastor and mismiracle-working power and that He sionary secretary, his wide knowledge answers prayer. We came back con- of horne and foreign missions, his vinced that we may work in various abilities as author and speaker and his lines but that no work produces living extended contacts with workers at fruit that is not the work of the Spirit home and abroad. In TIlE REVIEW of God. It is the men and women who office, in his correspondence and in his know the reality of partnership with editorial work Dr. Brown won new God in prayer, in aims and in meth- friends and strengthened old ties. We ods, who are accomplishing things worth while in the transformation of men.

Letters from missionary friends with whom we stayed in Asia and the

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

regret that it is not possible to retain good weather and no air pockets I Al- his close editorial connection with THE together, we traveled over 40,000 REVIEW but he is now turning his at- miles; first by way of Madeira and tention to the important work of pre- Mediterranean ports to Egypt; then paring a hi,story of the first hundred to Baghdad and down through Iraq, years of the work of the Board of stopping at Hillah and ancient Baby- Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian lon, Ur of the Chaldees and Basrah.

Church, U. S. A.-a task that will oc- From there we sailed to India, stop- cupy two or three years. ping at Kerachi and landing at Bom- At a recent meeting of the Board bay. After ten weeks in that fascinat- of Directors of THE REVIEW, a resolu- ing, but disturbed and often depress- tion was passed expressing sincere ap- ing, country we went to Burma, the preciation of Dr. Brown's services, his Federated Malay States and Siam.

devotIon to the interests of THE RE- From Bangkok we sailed to Singapore, VIEW and the vision and skill that were went up to a conference at Kuala Lum- evident in his editorial management. pur and, returning to Singapore, took a steamer to Hongkong and Shanghai.

Ten Months at the Front Conditions in China were so unset- tled and our time was so limited that The privilege of ten months' visiting we were not able to go far into the the foreign mission fields is an experi- interior, but were able to visit Hongence that the Editor would like to kong, Canton, Shanghai, Soochow, share with every reader of THE RE- Nanking, Tsing Tau, Tientsin, Peiping VIEW. Only glimpses of what we saw can be given through these pages and and Mukden. Our three weeks in impressi'Ons can be passed on 'Only very China was, of course, far too short, inadequately. but the places and the people we saw made them worth while. The sad news We sailed from New York on De- of the sudden death of our very dear cember 2d, in a blizzard, and arrived friend and missionary partner, Rev.

home. on schedule time exactly ten Charles W. Abel, of Kwato, Papua, months later to a day, almost to an seemed to us a call of God to visit the hour. The whole experience now miss ron at Kwato, so that we might seems like a wonderful dream; but do what we could for the family and we are thankful that it is a reality; plan for the future of the work.

the photographs and memories that From Mukden, we traveled to Korea, we have brought back will not fade where we spent ten delightful days in away like a dream. We spent 130 days Pyengyang, Seoul and Taiku. From of our travel on the Seven Seas, be- Fusan we sailed to Shimonoseki, J a- sides many great gulfs and bays, and pan, and visited Kobe, Osaka, Kyoto, never had a bad storm during the Omi-Hachiman, Yokohama, T 0 k i 0 , whole journey. Generally we sailed Nikko and Nagasaki. From there, we over smooth waters and under clear sailed for Australia via Shanghai and skies. We traveled in all kinds and Hongkong, Manila and Davao in the sizes of boats, from the 21,OOO-ton Philippines; Menado in Dutch Cele- Empress of AustraHa, to small Chi- bes, and Thursday Island, Brisbane nese junks, sanpans in Siam, little and Sydney, Australia. From there, dugouts and outrigger canoes. Too we sailed to Samarai, Papua, to visit many of our 174 days on land were Kwato, Mr. Abel's mission station.

spent moving about in railway trains, After two wonderful weeks there, we good and bad, in bullock carts, tongas, returned to Australia by way of Port (pony carts), rickshas, sedan chairs Moresby, Cairns, Brisbane and Syd- and hammocks, on elephants and car- ney. On August 21 we left for home ried in men's arms. One day was spent by way of Auckland, New Zealand, in the air, traveling from Cairo to Fiji, and Honolulu. After six days Baghdad, a wonderful experience with in beautiful Hawaii, we sailed for San

Francisc.o, visited Los Angeles, the pan, and the disappointments experi- Grand Canyon, Wheaton, Illinois, enced by many missionaries. Mishawaka, Indiana, and Rochester, New York, arriving in New York on But these depressing c<mditions October 2 where we received a heart- acted n.ot to discourage, but to chalwarming welcome. lenge us, for what we saw and heard also showed that we have the remedy During our whole journey, experi- in our hands and that this remedy is encing many kinds of food, smells, being successfully applied in many temperature and insects, we were kept places and various ways. We were in wonderful health and were blessed thrilled and inspired by the misllionby many answers to prayer. We vis- aries whom we met who are true repited nearly one hundred mission cen- resentatives of Christ and who witness ters, and saw the work of over 40 to Him with courage, faith and unselsocieties. We were entertained in fish service. We were enheartened by seventy different missionary homes, what we saw of the results that follow made nearly one hundred addresses faithful and prayerful preaching of and received a most loving welcome the Gospel and living the Christ-life in everywhere. all those lands. Wernet many n.oble converts to Christ who are now going We have come back kopelessly in out as His evangelists and are helping debt-not on account of the fall .of to sow the good seed and to bring in stocks in the New York market or the harvest. We would be hopelessly other financial losses or expenditure. in debt if we had not this wealth of experience with which we are hoping We are in debt first to those who in some degree to make payments on helped to make this tour possible; account. second, to the loved ones in our families and the partners in THE MIS- Our journey around the world has, we hope, prepared us for better serv- SIONARY REVIEW office and on the ice at home. We have a clearer vision Boards wh.o carried on so effectively of the work and its needs, of the proband unselfishly during our absence. lems and the opportunities, of the We are also in debt to the host of character of our fell.ow servants in all friends who carried us in their hearts these lands, and of God's power t.o save and in their prayers and so were large- and to fit for service. It is our deepest ly responsible for many of the bless- conviction that Christ is THE ONLY ings that came to us. We are heavily HOPE for the solution of these probin debt to the missionaries who so gen- lems and for the rescue of these peoerously welcomed us into their homes ple from sin, suffering and turmoil. and hearts and made our visits worth We know that Christ is able to save while; we are more than ever in debt unto the uttermost for we have seen to God fur His protection, guidance the evidences of this power. We reand wonderful goodness to us all the joice in having partnership in this way. work with the missionaries and with Him. We would be ruined for life were it not that we also came back ricker than I know not by what methods rare, ever. The debts d.o not oppress but But this I know: God answers prayer. bless because of the rich experiences, I know not when He sends the word friendships and benefits that have That tells us fervent prayer is heard. I know it cometh, soon or late; filled our lives. Some of these experi- Theref()re we need to pray-and wait. ences were depressing because of the I know not if the blessing sought difficulties we saw, the ignorant or Will come in just the way I th.ought, bitter opposition to Christ and His I leave my prayers with Him alone, messengers; the blindness and hunger Whose will is wiser than my own.

and poverty, both physical and spiritual; the sin and suffering; the tur- moil, as in India and China, the materialism and indifference as in J a-

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York, and FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Executive Secretaries of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and Council of Women for Home Missions BOYS TOGETHER tains of southern California. Mr.

"How can we become more friendly Burnett wrote, "The camp trail wound with white people, and how can we around and around the high moun- make white people understand us tains, leaving the deserts and hot more 1" This searching question comes sands behind, and eventually coming from an American Indian school boy to large and tall pines, with flowing attending a large government board- mountain spring water. Needless to ing school. Government officia1,s, edu- say, our boy,s were at home in the cators and 'missionaries all agree that high mountains, among the rocks and the Indian people must more and more tall lonesome pines.

be brought into contact with white "Shortly after arrival, we had put people who are sympathetic with them, up our tepees, arranged pine bough in order that the Indians may become beds, our belongings were unpacked, accustomed to the ways of white peo- and we were ready to meet other ple and feel at ease and confident in scouts and to learn the rules of camp.

their ,society. Our boys had an ideal opportunity to At Sherman Institute, the large mingle in a natural, normal way with government boarding school located at other boys. We all ate at a common Riverside, California, the religious table, sat around camp fires together, work director, Rev. Floyd O. Burnett, and hiked over all the mountains.

has at the request 'of the school or- This experience gave the Indian boys ganized the first Boy Scout troups.* a most practical means of learning After several meetings he wrote, "We something of the ways and the ideals are all boys together. We make our of some of our fine white lads.

plans and carry them out together as "The entire Indian group worked pals. Several outstanding events in on their second-class tests and fifteen the year's work stand out. passed all requirements, recelvmg "On Saturday before Easter Sun- their official pins. It was a most im- day, the troop, along with others from pressive sight, to see this fine group Riverside, assisted in the Mt. Rubi- of Indian boys being admitted into doux Easter Sunrise Pilgrimage, and full membership of second-class scoutwere placed in charge of Trail No. 12, ing.

helping many of the aged people up "Before leaving the camp, the In- the narrow and winding pathway. It dian boys had achieved other suc- is said that twenty thousand people cesses. Every boy with the exception climbed the mountain to take part in of one, had earned the art of deep the Sunrise Service. The boys and I water swimming and diving. This feel it was a real joy to have had a was a real accomplishment for them.

part in this event." Over half of the group were admitted As a culmination of the year's work, into the camp secret fraternity, mem- twenty-one boys attended an eight bership in which is a special reward days' encampment during the summer. for good sportsmanship. They forgot The camp was situated in the moun- all bashfulness and joined in the stunt event evening, giving several very *.A. picture of these scouts is on the "Call clever stunts. Eighteen of our boys to Prayer to Young People" for the World Day of Prayer, February 20, 1931. won camp medallions for efficiency.

53

We were all mighty proud of this, as HOLLAND SENDS A GIFT were the superintendent and employees of the school. One of the most prominent and zealous promoter·s of the WorId Day "For my part, I was glad to have of Prayer during the past several my Indian boy·s realize that they could years has been the Baroness van Boetcompete with white boys in a friendly zelaer van Dubbledam, of Holland, a way and be successful, that they could vice-chairman of the International achieve successes even when difficul- Missionary Council. Last year she ties were great, and above all, I was translated the program and enlisted glad to see them enter whole-heartedly the Federation of Associations for into fine friendships with their white Women and Girls of Holland in the brothers. I believe the influences of promotion of the service. Meetings these camp days will mean more in were held all over Holland and more the lives of these Indian boys than we than 5,500 printed programs were can estimate at the present time." used.

A CALL TO PRAYER Following the Day of Prayer the secretary of this Federation, Mrs. Prepared by Baroness van Boetzelaer van Mary W. Barger, wrote a letter of ap- Dubbledam of "Sandwyck." de BUt, The Nether· preciation in behalf of the women and lands, girls in Holland and enclosed a finan- cial gift from the Holland Federation You are invited to join in prayer to the Federation and Council in the with Christians of all lands at the United States to assist in further prosunset hour each Sabbath,.and to join motion of the Day, and as she says, in a united service in your community "As a little sign that we are glad to on the have found this bond with your or- ganization. Many got a blessing out World Day of Prayer of these meetings. People like very milch this way of praying together." FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 1931 "Call unto me, and I will answer thee." A Call to Prayer goes out to all lands. "Ye -shall be my witnesses." Continue steadfastly in prayer. "Whatsoever ye shall ask in my name, that will I do."* Subjeets for Prayer WORLD DAY OF PRAYER POSTER MAKE Us FAITHFUL In Our Prayer For ourselves. For our own family and people. For the needs of the world.

In Our Witness By our words. By our ways (mode of life). By our works for God's kingdom.

In Our Love For Him who bought us with His blood. For those with whom we are in daily contact. For all the work that is done among men in the name of Christ. Amen!

* This Call is also to be used at sunset each Sabbath nntil the 1982 observance.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

We might add that women of many MISS KATHLEIlN BARONESS VAN nations are learning not only to pray MACARTHUR BOETZIILABR together, but also to understand and appreciate one another better and to twelve years a Missionary Consul in work together. In a recent letter the The Netherlands Indies, and the Bar- Baroness writes, "God has given oness is the mother of five children all America to the world to organize, to born in Java. She was a coopted memstimulate, to suggest and to inspire. ber of the Jerusalem Conference. That you may enrich and deepen your spiritual life with the treasures of Miss Jean Grigsby Paxton, A.B., European Christian thought is cer- author of the Service of Consecration, tainly true. The combination of both "Looking Unto Jesus," is a member trends is magnificent; therefore we of the staff, National Board, Young must work together wherever pos- Women's Christian Associations of sible." the United States, her chief responsi- bility being publicity and interpreta- -(MRS. S. S.) MARY R. HOUGH. tion of the work of the ninety-nine American Association secretaries in WORLD DAY OF PRAYER fourteen foreign countries. Born in Virginia,she secured her degree from The Authors Randolph-Macon Women's College. For three years she taught and was Miss Kathleen Walker MacArthur, principal in a southern girls' school, B.A., of the teaching staff, College of after which she was Y. W. C. A. stu- Churches of Christ in Canada and dent secretary at· Randolph-Macon for secretary to the College, is the author three years. of the program, "Ye Shall Be My Witnesses." Miss MacArthur's major Miss Paxton then went to Canton, responsibility is teaching New Testa- China, serving there four years as ment, Missions and Reli~ious Educa- foreign secretary, returning on action; she also does considerable_ field count of her health. Since 1921 she work throughout Canada in the inter- has been connected with the National est of extension courses in these sub- Board.* jects. During the summer she gives most of her time to teaching in de- The Artist nominational and cooperative camps for leaders and y'oung people. "I flee away just to be alone where I can think this 'World Day of Prayer' Miss MacArthur is a graduate of out. My effort will be to make good." the Japanese Language Training School in Tokyo, and for five years On a July day the editor of the was instructor in the Anglo-Oriental World Day of Prayer material re- Girls' High School in Tokyo. Before ceived this in a personal note from going to Japan she graduated from the artist to whom had, been given the the National Training School in To- commission to produce the poster. ronto-in Missions and Religious And so beside an Adirondack lake in Education, and after returning stud- the midst of the mighty forest, the ied at the University of Manitoba for work was wrought. four years, graduating in Arts. She came from there to her present posi- • A picture of Miss Paxton appeared in the tion in Toronto two years ago. November, 1929, RlIlVl.W.

Baroness van Boetzelaer, author of the Call to Prayer is a Vice-President of the International Missionary Council, of which her husband has been a member .from its beginning. He is a member of the Netherlands Parliament. Previous to 1919, he was for

Across Lake Pleasant is a summer Francisco, 10: 30 in the morning in camp of some six hundred religious Honolulu (all February 19). folk, and over the water at the beginning of each day floated hymns of If in Hawaii evening meetings are praise to God. To such accompani- held at 8: 30 P. M. on February 20, ment, amid such surroundings, the at that time February 21 will be just hand sketched, then chiseled the lino- starting in Chicago, it will be an hour leum blocks from which the poster was after midnight in Mexico City, 2: 30 A. M. in Porto Rico, an hour later in print~d. Rio de Janeiro, 4: 00 A. M. in Buenos Aires, time to get up in the Nether- Do you want a little line cut electro- lands, 8: 00 A. M. in South Africa, type of the poster design (1 x 114 mid-morning in Jerusalem, noon in inches) for your church bulletin or Calcutta, early afternoon in China, 4 to print on your letterhead? You may P. M. in Melbourne, 6 P. M. in New have one for 90 cents, or one 1% x 214 Zealand (all February 21). inches for $1.15, or 214 x 314 inches for $1.50. Write the Council of In order to calculate the actual num- Woman for Home Missions, 105 East ber of hours that transpire, let us take 22d Street, New York City, stating Toronto, Canada, the home of the size and sending money. author of the program. While the 6 : 00 A. M. meetings are being held Supplies in Japan on February 20, in Toronto it will be 3: 30 P. M., February 19; The supplies are the Program (2 and if the last meetings are in the cents, $1.75 per 100), Call (free), Call evening in Alaska and Honolulu, they to Young People (free), Service of will last until about 3: 30 A. M., Feb- Consecration (10 cents), poster (10 ruary 21, Toronto time, so the observcents), ,seals (25 cents per 100, $1.75 ance of the World Day of Prayer exper 1,000), Suggestions for Leaders tends over an entire day and a half, (free with order for Programs), Proj- pcssibly even more. ect Sheet (free), Visualizations (5 mimeographed copies for 20 cents), To know what hour it is in other History (single mimeographed copy land,s while meetings in the United free). Order early from denomina- States or Canada are in progress, taktional headquarters.-F. E. Q. ing 10: 30 A. M. in Denver, Colorado (1: 00 P.IVL in Nova Scotia), it will A DAY AND A HALF be 6: 00 A. M. in Samoa, 7: 00 in Hawaii, 8: 30 in Sitka, Alaska, noon Some de,sire to follow in thought in Havana, Cuba, between 12: 00 and the meetings held on the World Day 1: 00 in Peru and Colombia, 5: 00 of Prayer in different countries. The P. M. in Madrid, 5: 30 in Paris, 6: 00 following may help. in Rome, Berlin and Liberia, 7: 30 in Constantinople, Cairo, and Nyassa, in The date line being at the 180 0 Leningrad and Moscow, 8: 30 in meridian, possibly the sunrise meet- Tabriz, 10: 00 in Bombay, 10: 30 in ings in Japan and Korea start the ob- Ceylon, 1: 00 in Calcutta, after midservance of the World Day of Prayer, night in Bangkok and Singapore, beas Australia and New Zealand prob- tween 1: 00 and 2: 00 A. M. on Febably hold their meetings later in the ruary 21 in Peiping, Shanghai, and day. While some in Japan are meet- Manila, a little later in Seoul, 3: 00 ing at 6: 00 A. M. on Friday, Febru- A. M. in Tokyo, 3: 30 in Sydney and ary 10, 1981, it will still be February Papua, 5; 30 in New Zealand and New 19 in many places-ll: 00 P. M. in Hebrides. Uganda, 8: 30 P. M. in London, 3:30 P. M. in Santiago, Chile and New It will readily be seen what an in- York, noon in Vancouver and San teresting few minutes might be spent in your meeting visualizing each place

WOMAN'S ROME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

around the world, using a school globe, New York City Tournament. Since which many department stores carry then we have successively and successat a small price. fully had some six or seven other Negro girls and a couple ,of Jewish If you know how many hours differ- girls in the office for longer or shorter ence there is between your town and periods. The salary scale has been Halifax or Denver, you can do a bit according to position, training, exof arithmetic and from this list lo- perience and ability, race not entering cate the hour all around the world at into the matter at all. which your morning meeting is in session. For the afternoon meeting, just While we had tried out combining take the 3: 30 P. M. New York time different racea and religions, all had given above in the second paragraph been American, so next we essayed or 3: 30 P. M. Toronto in the third internationalism. We have had at paragraph and calculate from either. various times a Swedish, a Norwegian, Perhaps you will hang up a wall map a Russian, and two with Italian of the world, and as you travel a parentage, working happily with helper will place a cross on each coun- Anglo-Saxon and Negro-American try that observes the Day.* girls. Helene informed us of Russian ways, Solveig now writes to us from F. E. Q. Oslo. Was life not made more in- teresting for the rest because of the WHY NOT TRY IT? close contacts with those conversant with other customs and cultures? When I became secretary of the Council nearly a dozen year;!! ago, I Latest of all, we sallied forth into had some theories and standards I the Oriental group, and secured a wanted to try out. One was to have Japanese girl. A Chinese girl was her those of various races, nationalities succes,sor and since her marriage, a and religions work together in the Negro girl has filled that position. office. Many, without trying it, had Now we are cudgelling our brains for said it could not be done without fric- a new field for exploration. tion or uncomfortable situations. Our informal office devotional peri- Our first experience along this line ods and our "good times" togetherwas with a Jewish stenographer (not such as a birthday celebration or oc- Hebrew-Christian, but Jewish), who casional picnic-have been in no way served as my -secretary five years. disturbed by the international, inter- Ruth left five years ago to take a racial, inter-religious composition of more responsible position drawing a the office family, but rather enhanced. larger salary than we could offer; our The next generation comes to see us relationship now is that of close now; May married August and brings friends with mutual love. in little June once in a while-a white family; Jeanne married and little Ed- The next venture was to engage a ward, Jr., makes our acquaintance–a ~egro girl to have charge of litera- Negro family. ture sales. So then we had a representative of the Jewi,sh race and a As to efficiency, dependability, inirepresentative of the Negro race serv- tiative, resourcefulness – seemingly ing harmoniously with the Nordics. those of one race measure up as well This, too, worked perfectly until ill- as those of another, whether the poness in her family compelled Veola to sition filled be clerical or secretarial. go to another section of the country. This ten-year laboratory test indicates Incidentally, while with us, she came that characteristics and capability are out champion girl tennis player in the a matter of the individual person. Not every white girl-not every American * }""or 10 cents :you ('an buy a hox of 75 large -measurea up 100 per cent.

g'lUJllll4:'d rf'o. seals from which the crosses may Why not go on a voyage of disbe ('ut. Mimeographed Historv giving list of covery yourself, or get your husband forty-five countries from whic'h reports have been received will be sent free, 011 request, by the Federation or Council.

or brother to step off the beaten track by the British, and does it differ less to try it out in the office? Of course, than formerly? there should previously be careful consultation with those now working What is meant by the terms "free there, that the newcomers may not be ships, free goods"; "enemy ships, enemy made uncomfortable. How about head- goods"; "continuous voyage"; "contraquarters and the official positions, both band"; "conditional contraband"; "efsalaried and volunteer, in your de- fective blockade"? nomination – are they confined to white Americans? To what established principles of neutral rights did our Government con- Let's stop talking "goodwill and un- tend that the British should adhere in derstanding" unless we are willing to the World War? How did England modput them into operation in our own ify them? daily lives by opening the gates of opportunity. What use did England make of her sovereign right to -control her own ex- FLORENCE E. QUINLAN. ports to force on neutral nations a new interpretation of the principles of tne READING COURSE right of blockade?

Prepared by the National Committee on the What was our attitude when we be- Cause and Cure of War, Room 1116, Grand came one of the belligerents? Central Terminal Building, New York. What is the uncertain factor in the use of an economic blockade against an agressor nation on the part of the League of Nations? How could this weakness be remedied?

SECTION III· PLAN FOR ORGANIZED PEACE War for Profits, by Otto Lehmann- If war is honestly to be prevented, Russboldt (175 pp.). Published by there must be a right-about-face on Alfred H. King, 1930. $1.75. the part of the nations in their atti- Almost everybody is a loser in war. tude toward it; by some progressive agreement the manufacture and pur- The few exceptions are munition makers, chase of the munitions of war must some who profiteer on supplies other than be limited or stopped; while no po- munitions, and some military men who litical mechanism alone will insure gain reputation and promotion. This cooperation among the nations, there book gives a vivid picture of the gains must be some machinery of cooperaof the munition makers. tion if the will to CQoperate is to be A merican Neutrality and International made effective;. mutual counsel among the nations is the real hope for bring- Police, by Philip C. Jessup (170 pp.). ing about the disavowal of war by the Published by World Peace Founda- open avowal of its real causes and tion. $1.25. open discussion of them; there must Freedom of the Seas, by J. M. Ken- be some means of defining, recording, worthy and George Young (281 pp.). interpreting, and developing the law Published by Horace Liveright. $4.00. Maritime Trade in War, by Lord of nations.t Eustace Percy (114 pp.). Published by Yale University Press. $2.00. IMMANUEL The year's reading has been devoted to disarmament. In time of war conflict- o live in us this day, purpose yet again ing views have arisen on the question of o clothe Thyself, Thy freedom of the seas. Three books in In human clay. the above list are on that topic. Readers need not read all three, but are asked to Work, through our feebleness Thy choose one of them. "The Jessup is con- strength, densed, accurate, clear; the Kenworthy Work through our meaneS8 Thy nobility, is more discursive, has anecdotes, is Work through our helpless poverty of longer, but does not require the concen- soul tration which the Jessup does; the Thy grace, Thy glory and Thy love. Percy is a collection of addresses delivered at a Wmiamstown Institute of Poli- -J. S. Hoyland, The Fourfold Sacratics." ment.

QuestioDs t Dominant currents in the plan by Dr. Charles H. Levermore which Won The Amerl- Why has our interpretation of the cRn PeRce Award given by Edward W. Bok rights of neutrals differed from that heM in 1924.

• Section I appeared in the October REVIEW! Section II in December. The course for 1931 will be ready the latter part of January.

fOR WOR-ICE

EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK President of the Federation of Woman's Boards for Foreign Missions PEACEMAKERS cast to promote certain ideas. I want A Most Usable Program to know the truth so that I may set my influence for those matters which By MRS. J. C. SHOVER and the Editor of will make this a better world for our this Department in Collaboration children.

Arrange three tables in U shape, the The Representative for Mars jumps closed part away from the audience, up and the Representative of the Nfb- and the sides spread so that the nine tional Council rises quickly.

characters may be seen and heard. Pec,ce: I believe the Representative Seated, three at each table beginning of Mars was first.

at the left, are the representatives of Mans' Representative (Suavely) : the Church, Other Peace Associations What I want to say at this time is in in America, The National Council for answer to Average Citizen. Men al- Prevention of War, Average Citizen, ways have fought; and as long as Peace, Public Opinion, The League of there is human nature in the world, Nations, The WorW Court and Mars. men will continue to settle their quar- These may wear Grecian draped cos- rels by fighting.

tumes in colors with headbands and Peace: National Council, give us sashes bearing their names; but this your message.

is not necessary. Each stands while National Council: I am glad to rep- she speaks. The front of the table resent the National Council for Pre- may be hung with bunting or crepe vention of War. I came from Wash- paper. Drape flags on the wall in the ington to be at this conference. It is background. the task of my organization to educate Peace: We have assembled to learn the public to the truth about war. We what is being done to establish peace are a clearing house of peace aetivi- in a war-ridden world. As your chair- ties with three planks in our platform: man, I represent the spirit that longs Progressive World Organization, for peace in the hearts of people every- Worldwide Reduction of Armaments where. I shall ask each member in by International Agreement, and turn to introduce herself. (Turns to Worldwide Education for Peace. Our Average Citizen and motions for her goal is to strengthen a great World to rise.) Court and League of Nations which Average Citizen: My name is Av- shall be supported by world opinion erage Citizen. I represent the men and by the teachings of goodwill and and women of the world. I have come international understanding in the to inquire what is being done to bring schools of the world, and, by succes- about the time when we shall be free sive disarmament conferences, to re- from the fear of war. duce the armies of the world to police Peace: On all great matters of forces.

state, enlightened Public Opinion Peace: May we hear from the wields a mighty influence. Public League of Nations at this time.

Opinion, will you speak? Lec,gue: The League of Nations Public Opinion: Today we read and came into legal existence in January, hear so much that is purposely broad- 1920, with a membership of twenty- 59

four states. Its members now number ing to the Court agree to accept the thirty-four. The principal nations not Court's judgments. DUring its ;first in the League are Mexico, Brazil, seven years it rendered sixteen judg- Turkey, Soviet Russia, and the United ments.

States. Its headquarters are in Geneva, 2. By rendering advisory opinions where the work it accomplishes re- on such legal questions as may be sub- quires a staff of about seventy-five mitted by the League of Nations. The men and women in the central offices, "opinions" are strictly opinions. They and about four hundred more in the have no authority. But they are very offices dealing with International La- valuable in helping to decide compli- bor questions. cated questions. The Court has thus The purposes, clearly stated in the far rendered sixteen advisory opin- covenant, are "to promote internation- ions. Any nation may submit a case al cooperation and to achieve interna- whether it belongs to the Court or tional peace and security." The not.t nations which are members promise Avel'age Citizen: Does the United each other among other things "not States .of America have a judge in the to resort to war"; "to maintain justice World Court?

and a scrupulous respect for all treaty WOl1ld Court: Yes, former Secreobligations"; to reduce "national arm- tary of State, Mr. Kellogg was apaments to the lowest point consistent pointed September, 1930. Before him, with national 'safety"; to submit any the Honorable Charles Evans Hughes threatened dispute "either to arbitra- was the judge from our United States. tion or to judicial settlement or' to Peace: Thank you. May we now inquiry by the Council"; to carry out hear from Other Peace Associations in good faith "any award or decision" in America. and "not to resort to war against a member of the League which complies Other Peace Associations: Perhaps you will be surprised to learn how therewith," * many other agencies I represent. There are forty-two besides our Average Citizen: I have heard that friends here. (Ge.sture includes oththe League studies public health, in- ers.) You will agree that the list is dustrial problems, international trade too long to read, but anyone may seproblems, and similar matters as well cure names of these and other agencies as disputes between nations. with addresses and names of officers by writing to the National Council for League: To learn mare of my work Prevention of War, Washington, D. C. write to The League of Nations Asso- (Starts to sit down and jumps up ciation, National Headquarters, 6 again.) I would not have you think East 39th Street, New York City. that these forty-two are all the or- Pecwe: It seems fitting that we should now hear from the Representa- tive of the World Qourt. (Turn and ganizations for peace. These are nabows to World Court.) World Court: The first World Court tional societies, remember. State and local organizations formed primarily of justice came into existence soon to promote peace are forty-five in after the League of Nations. Its pur- number. (Sits down and jumps up pose is to serve the nations of the ' again.) I really must add to these world in two ways: eighty-seven the thirteen organiza- 1. By rendering judgments under tions that have Peace Committees.

the principles of International Law on Then you must add thirty-eight or- such contr.oversies as may be sub- ganizations engaged in activities that mitted for legal settlement by the na- promote international goodwill and tions concerned. The nations appeal- world peace. Churches are in this group but are listed as only one of 'Sidney Gulick. Leallet III. ~'ederal Coun- tSidney Gulick, Leaflet VII. cil of Churches. 105 East 22d Street. New York City.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

the thirty-eight. That puts the num- into all that concerns our lives. (Faces ber at one hundred and thirty-eight. the aUdience.) I have the pleasure of Representative of Mars (Interrupt- representing the Jewish, the Protes- ing cynically): And are there any tant and the Catholic faiths. If Other more? Agencies for Peace had the time to O. P. A.: Yes, indeed. There are name the religious organizations she eighteen foreign societies in the Unit- represents there would be the Catholic ed States designated to increase Association for International Peace, knowledge of other countries and to The Federal Council of Churches of develop friendly international rela- Christ in America, and the United tions. That makes one hundred fifty- Synagogue of America among them.

six. Many people said the Church had Public Opinion: Where does the failed when the Chri,stian nations Federation of Woman's Boards of went into the World War. That very Foreign Missions of North America criticism stirred the Church to re- come in? newed activity for peace. Since 1918 O. P. A.: That is listed in a group my voice has been strong in protesting having eleven such organizations rep- against greater armaments, larger resented. This group supports the navies, compulsory military training, peace movement by affiliation and co- and has pled for reduction of armies operation with Peace organizations. and navies, peace pacts with other A verage Citizen: I am not much of countries, and for international undera mathematician, but it looks to me 81'! standing and goodwill.

though there were here in the United Representative of Mars (jumping States one hundred sixty-seven simi- up): Evidently you are forgetting lar organizations. I am glad you told that we are never safe against the at- us where to get the list in detail. I tack of -other powers unless we are must write it down-National Council equally armed. It is our duty to de- for Prevention of War, Washington, fend ourselves. I represent the armies D. C. Now, I should like to hear what and navies of the world, and we have the church is doing about this subject. a hard enough time to get the money (Peace nods to Church, who arises.) to carry on. We often have to fright- Church: I am glad to represent the en the people into giving the money, Church. Through its schools, its but give they must. They must make young people's groups, its Sunday- these expenditures in time of peace in schools, it Religious Education courses, order to be ready for war.

its Boy Scouts and Camp Fire Girls, Average Citizen: Who will tell me its denominational foundations in what the costs of war are? state-supported institutions, it is helping to mold the minds of many mil- Representative of Mars: Now you are beside the main question. lions around the globe.* Church (Ignoring the interrup- We try to train our membership to tion): I have come prepared to do be world citizens. that. (Rises and holds up a large round disc representing a dollar. It Representative of Mars: The should be covered with silver paper Church should keep out of politics. and prepared so that with a large knife she can cut out a sector a little Church: So long as we believe in more than two-thirds of the disc to the Fatherhood of God and the Broth- show the amount spent for destructive erhood of man, we must take an active purposes.) President Hoover gave to interest in all that affects the wellbeing of our brothers and sisters. As long as politics affects government and the country on December 5, 1929, a government rules our lives, we must simplified budget for the fiscal year, do our part to put the spirit of love 1930. According to this statement the *Evelyn Riley Nicholson in "Thinking It taxpayer's dollar is divided thus: Through," page 132. (Cuts and holds up the large sector.)

National defense-17.5 cents, to vet- abolish war. However, the pacts that erans of former wars–19.1 cents, for you have heard most about are the the public debt-32 cents, and (laying results of three recent conferences; down the large and holding the smaller In 1922 there was an agreement repiece) 31.4 cents for ordinary civil garding capital ships signed at the functions. In other words, 68.6 cents Washington Conference on the Lim- go for past and future wars and only itation of Armament. 31.4 cents go for police protection, The Kellogg Pact is a general pact better roads, mother's pensions, farm for the renunciation of war. In Eu- relief and all other peace-time affairs rope it is called the Pact of Paris beof government. cause it was signed at Paris in In "Direct and Indirect Costs of the August, 1928, by 15 nations. Since World War" published by the Car- then, 62 nations have signed. All that negie Endowment for International the Pact asks is that the disputes be- Peace, Prof. Bogart says, "If we had tween nations will not lead to war. paid twenty thousand dollars an hour Another Pact called the Four Pow- from the birth of Christ until the end er Pact of the Pacific pledged Great of 1925, the World War would not be Britain, Japan, France and the United paid for …… We hurned up nine mil- States to bring serious disputes in the lion dollars an hour." Pacific region to a joint conference. One battleship costs forty million The Five Power Naval Conference dollars. That is enough money to in London in 1930 resulted in an open build a great university like the Uni- discussion by the countries, of their versity of Pennsylvania. The cost of navies, and, while there is some dis- firing a big gun just once, would pay appointment that there was not more the salary of a university professor accomplished, the date was set for an- for a whole year. other conference in 1935 for further National Council: Yes, more than efforts to reduce the expenditures for that. The sons of millions of mothers destructive purposes.

became gun fodder. They do the kill- Public Opinion: Have you, Oh ing and are killed. The nation loses Church, any plans for furthering this its strongest manhood. It has been good work?

well said that the first casualty of war Church: Yes, indeed. We work in is Truth, the next Love, then follows cooperation with all these othel' neces- Liberty and Justice. From every sary agencies. Here are a few things standpoint the people pay for war. that we as groups or individuals can Average Citizen: Public Opinion, do.

you are so powerful. Will you not (Counting them as mentioned on throw the weight of your influence on her fingers.) 1. We give special the side of World Peace? luncheons or dinners to distinguished Public Opinion: I want to do it, but strangers from other lands from am dependent upon you, Average Citi- whom messages of information and zen. You must gather facts, such as inspiration can be received. 2. We we have learned here, so that I may arrange pageants or musicales to cul- know what to think and say. Do you tivate international appreciation. 8.

realize that the histories which chil- We hold prize essay contests on the dren ,study in school largely determine subject of peace. 4. Hold suitable the way they think of people of other Armistice day services. 5. Put books nations? (Others nod assent.) on peace in the hands of young people.

Average Citizen: I have heard 6. Have lectures on international af- about some Peace Pacts of late. I fairs. 7. Ask librarians to recommend should like to know more about them. books on war and peace. 8. Help the Church: May I answer! I have had people in our parishes to know about much to do with urging their accept- all the organizations that are repre- ance by our government. We can go sented here. 9. Recommend to church far back in history and find efforts to people plays and films particularly

fitted to the cultivation of peace ideals that he was trying hard not to cry.

and purposes, urging attendance and "He's worse," he gulped. "Se burning support. 10. Urge and encourage our hot and he sleeps all the time. Mother representatives to vote for measurea can scarcely waken him, and then he that insure fair play, and for partici- only moans and we can't make him pation in movements that provide Ilwallow anything, theugh the herb means f.or peaceful settlements of dis- doctor left some bitter tea for him.

putes. And we've thrown an egg over the Public Opinion: It gives us courage roof, and killed a rooster."

to know that all these agencies are "Has Grandfather Nay used the working to outlaw destructive activi- needles yet? That let's out the fire, ties and to make the taxpayer's dollar they say."

count for better conditions. "He is coming tomorrow morning.

Average Citizen: An American Hai, that will be terrible." Ang-duang friend of mine fell into conversation could not keep back his tears, even with an old mother in Germany. The though he was a boy and not supposed old lady shook her head and repeated to cry. "He used the needles on me over and over again, "We must have once, and I had festering sores for no more war. We mUllt have no more months after. It gives me a chill to war." think of those needles that Nay Grand- Peace: In the words of General father never washes going into Ah- O'Ryan, "War cannot be successfully mee l but the priest says the idol com- abolished except through the cemplete mands needles."

mebilization of all peace powers fer Grandmother Clong nodded her old peace purpeses . . . . . . Let us wage head. "It makes me feel just that way, peace." (All except Mars rise and too, though they de say that they face Peace.) know where to put the needles se it All: We pledge yeu our support. will not puncture yeur vital parts.

But as I teld my daughter-in-law THE STRAW-BABY, MIDNIGHT, when she wanted to have the needles AND A CROSSROAD stuck into me, how did I or they know A Playlet my vital parts are located exactly like By MARY BREWSTER HOLLISTER everybody else's. "Ai l that bean-curd there reminds Part I me 'Of a sure cure fer a sick child- Ang-duang was coming down the why didn't I think of it before? I Chinese village street frem the bean- tried this once when my eldest son curd shep. The werried little pucker was a baby and a sick one he was too."

en his face was net all from trying to The 'Old woman closed her eyes, and keep the soft white square of bean- half chanted the age-old superstitious curd balanced on a section 'Of banana fermula. "Weave a little straw-doll, leaf. He almost ran into old Grandma tie it with five-oolor threads, stick a Cleng just as he got to his own door- flag inte it with the name of the evil step. spirit inside the straw. Take it with "Hai! and have you no eyes to see an egg, a square of bean-curd, and a who yeu're knecking down in your cup of wine, and carry it at midnight walks abroad," she scolded, and then to where two roads cross, and leave as she recevered, her dim kindly old it there."

eyes peered at him. "Ang-duang, Lit- "And then what happens 7" Ang- tle Brether, it's you, is it? And no duang was breathless from the wonder your face has not its every- thought 'Of a lonely crossroad at the day happy look! You have troubles fearsome hour of midnight.

indeed at your house. How i,g the "The evil spirit will leave the sick baby brother?" child, and be lured to that tempting Ang-duang choked and Iooked the array of things to eat, and it being a other way so that nobody could see crossroads and dark, the Unnameable

Thing will lose its way, and be unable Behind him he heard a faint sound! to return to the house where its evil "I will not look back," he told himpresence has brought illness." The self stoutly. "I will go right on. If old woman looked about fearfully lest I can just go fast enough to keep the mere whispered mention of the ahead!" Unnameable might bring her bad luck. As he hastened his pace, he dis- "I must be hurrying on," and she tinctly heard the steps behind him hobbled away, while Ang-duang stood also hasten their pace. a moment thinking very hard about "The Unnameable Thing," he what she had told him. groaned, as his blood ran cold, and his knees went weak. He too shivered from the fear that To add to his terror his lantern mention of that most dreaded of evil flickered out. He stumbled over a spirits arouses in Chinese hearts. loosened stone in the road and went "The Evil Thing must be horrible in- down, his basket and its contents scatdeed to make mother take us in be- tering. Even before he could collect fore dark every night and lock the himself enough to rise he heard the doors. But if-but if it would make steps running now toward him. In Ah-mee well, nothing would be too his fright he could not move. Nearer hard. Even midnight at a crossroad and nearer the footsteps came! The three li from home–even if-even if Awful Thing was almost on him! the Unnameable One should get me." He covered his head with his arms He looked down the street anxiously and screamed! before he turned and went hurriedly "Little Brother," he heard a kind inside the door and across the court- voice say. "Do not be frightened. It yard and tip-toed into the dark tightly is only another country person. I'm closed room where his sick baby broth- on my way back from the next village er lay, with his mother leaning her where they called me to doctor a poor agonized face above him. sick woman. I'm not at all dreadful." The voice was so comforting and Part II reassuring that Ang-duang's face ven- tured forth from its hiding, and It was several hours later in the peered up at a strange white face in black of a very dark night that the the light of a bright kerosene lantern. front door creaked on its hinges and The face was a kind and smiling one opened a crack to let Ang-duang slip that brought back quiet and confidence through it out upon the street. into the boy's shaken senses. "So you're not the Unnameable "Ai," he held his breath, "I hope Thing, after all," he heaved a long mother did not hear that squeak." sigh of relief. The other-country per,son put back He put down on the step his tray- his head and laughed. "I should hope like basket that held a tiny straw fig- not. And if you have been at all ure, the egg, the bean-curd and cup nervous, as I take it you were"-Angof rice wine, as he lighted the little duang had recovered enough to give round paper lantern he was carrying. an answering grin to this as the mis- He lifted it high and peered fearfully sionary doctor helped him to his feet down the street. -"it's a good thing you have me for company this dark night. Where are "Not that it's in front of me I need you going?" to be afraid of," he shivered. "The Unmentionable Thing will be follow- "To where the little road crosses ing me from behind, following these the big road," Ang-duang answered, things here to eat, all the way until and then remembered the mishap to I get to where the little road crosses his belongings. "Where is that straw- baby? And oh, that egg will surely the big road. Hai, I wish it were not be smashed, and all the other things I" three li nor quite as black as ink." Ang-duang had a moment of shrinking before he started out, and then he clung close to the high wall along the street.

prQve. 'What is needed, hQwever

that CQurteQus endQrsement be changed First Decade of The Le_ue of Nations intQ enthusiastic cQoperatiQn.

REGARDLESS .of the attitude .of And this shQuld be .of special CQncern individual Americans tQward tQ the friends .of the missiQnary enter- American membership in the League, prise. Peace, justice, health, sanitaa visit tQ Geneva satisfies .one that the tiQn, unexplQitatiQn, race harmQny, League is an accQmplished fact, a hQnest labQr under prQper cQnditiQns, serviceful, efficiently functiQning Qr- prQtectiQn .of weak and submerged peQganizatiQn, and an internatiQnal re- pies, mQrality-what are all these ality .of far-reaching influence and but .objectives bQth of the League .of value. This is especially evident nQW NatiQns and .of Christian missiQns. SQ that the League has cQmpleted its first Christianity fQr tWQ thQusand years decade. FQr the first time in histQry has been laying fQundatiQns .on which the WQrld has an annual assembly .of the League .of NatiQns is building 54 states, and a permanent interna- as a superstructure the PQlitical and tiQnal civil service .of nearly 500 per- eCQnQmic brQtherhood .of mankind.- SQns whQ wQrk cQnstantly .on the busi- William B. Lipphard, in Missions. ness .of the natiQns. Unreached Rural Areas of the World It becQmes increasingly evident that the League is a permanent and essen- THE missiQn study subject fQr 1931tial factQr in internatiQnal life. Were 32 is tQ be "The Unreached Rural it suddenly tQ disband the world would take an irretrievable step backward. Areas .of the WQrld." The interde- As Elihu RQQt said a few mQnths agQ: nQminatiQnal bQQks will develop the "FQr these ten years the League in study along topical rather than geothe PQlitical field and the CQurt in the graphical lines. In the wQman's bQQk, judicial field have been rendering the attentiQn is being centered .on the best service in the cause .of peace wQrk .of WQmen in rural areas, their known tQ the histQry .of civilization; homes, the questiQn .of health, rural incQmparably the best." educatiQn, and industry. Several Mis- If the League .of NatiQns is to suc- siQn Boards, plan the preparatiQn .of ceed and if real and lasting WQrld denQminational literature .on the subpeace is tQ be maintained, this inter- ject. It is suggested that the infQrnational QrganizatiQn and its high Qb- matiQn sent by missiQnarie,s be based jectives must have the enthusiastic .on: SCQpe .of the field; HQme life; support .of public QpiniQn. The League Health and sanitatiQn; Industries; is the wQrld's greatest adventure in EducatiQn; Evangelistic methQds; internatiQnal demQcracy. Whether .or Strength .of the Christian Church; nQt the United States ever jQins the The unreached field. This infQrma- League, Americans cannQt stand alQof tiQn shQuld nQt be encyclopedic in f!lQm the League and its wQrk. Cer- style. SQme will be able tQ put that tainly there is n.osingle achievement tQuch .of human interest and charm .of .of the League which an American can- style which will produce a readable, not CQmmend; nQ single .objective clear and understandable picture .of which he cannQt endQrse, nQ single the wQrk, the needs and the QPportuactivity which he cannQt heartily ap- nities.

5 M

Medical Work Sunday, January 4, 1931-World CHRISTIANITY'S healing record is Evangelism. without a rival in the world. Monday, January 5, 1931-Thanks- Protestant missions are estimated to giving and Confession. Tuesday, January 6, 1931-The own and control 858 hospitals with 31,- Church Universal. 264 beds. In these 389,712 patients receive medical attention, out of which Wednesday, January 7, 1931-In- 198,844 were operative cases. There ternational Cooperation. are 1,686 dispensaries in which last year 10,441,539 consultations were Thursday, January 8, 1931-Misheld, while there were also 137,152 sions and Missionaries. house visits. There are now 513 native male doctors and 99 female doctors Friday, January 9, 1931-Family, in the various fields, together with School, and University Life.

Saturday, January 10, 1931-Home Missions, and The Jews.

2,597 male assistants and 2,861 fe- Programs may be obtained from the male, besides 1,085 trained nurses. For Federal Council of Churches, 105 every 25 mission workers there is now East 22d Street, New York, or from one medical missionary. The World's Evangelical Alliance, 19 Russell Square, London, W. C. I., Eng- Week of Prayer land.

THE World's Evangelical Alliance NORTH AMERICA has issued an invitation for the 1931 Universal Week of Prayer (or- Presbyterian Union Voted on Novemganized by the Alliance since 1846). This continues from Sunday, January ber Twelfth 4th, to Sunday, January 11, 1931. Christian leaders and workers every- OFFICIAL representatives of five where are urged to Make Arrange- Presbyterian and Reformed bodments to bring Christians together for ies comprising 3,000,000 communicant United Prayer daily. Preachers are members met in Pittsburgh and voted asked to prepare special sermons for for organic union in one united January 4th on the texts suggested for Church. This union is to be based this purpose. They are also earnestly upon the following standards: Westrequested to urge their people to at- minster Confession of Faith, longer tend the local Meetings of this united and shorter catechisms, doctrinal Universal Week of Prayer. statement of the United Presbyterian Church, Heidelberg catechism, Canon In Foreign Fields, the growth of the of the Synod of Dort and the Belgis population far out-distances the in- confession. The denominations concrease of the Christian Church. In cerned are: The Presbyterian Church country after country, "from the ris- in the United States of America, Presing of the sun unto the going down byterian Church in the United States thereof," despite what has been ac- (Southern), Un i ted Presbyterian ccimpJi.shed in the preaching of the Church in North America, Reformed Gospel, comparatively little is known Church in America and Reformed of the significance of the Cross of Church in the United States.

Christ. The seventy delegates adopted the Let us endeavor to visualize some- following report: thing of the condition of more than We declare the union of the Re- half of the world's population! The formed churches holding the Presby~ unfini,shed task is tremendous. May terian system to be based on the teach- the burden of it be such as to bring ings of the Holy Scriptures as set us to our knees with a· c-oncern com- forth in those portions of their stand- mensurate with the need. ards which define the spirituality of The main topics suggested are as the Church . . .

f-ollows: The C'ommiUee on church polity

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

defines the governmental organization preservation ,of existing neighborof the Church: hoods by more careful zoning and by a consideration of community require- The Lord Jesus Christ is the su- ments in location of elementary preme and sole Head of the Church. ,schools, small parks and major streets and extension of the number of The Word of God is the ultimate planned residential districts through source and authority in Church gov- "the pressure of public opinion and ernment. the growth of enabling legislation."

The Church's nature, relation and How to Close the Jails function are spiritual and spiritual only. OF 4,000 boys who passed before a New York judge on their way to Witnessing for Christ is the con- jail, reformatory, or parole, only three tinuous business of the Church. had belonged to a Sunday-school. This is cited as powerful testimony for re- The evangelization and Christian- ligious training of the young. ization of the world is the aim of the Church. In a letter to Dr. George William Carter, general secretary of the New We accept and practice the Presby- York Bible Society, reprinted in The terian sy,stem as the method or form Christian Observer (Presbyterian), of church organization and govern- Judge Lewis L. Fawcett, of the State ment, believing it to be in harmony Supreme Court, gives his experience with the Scriptures. In creating a of twenty-three years on the bench: book of government for the united church we recommend that congrega- "My experience during twenty-three tions holding the consistorial form of years on the bench, in which time over organization (as in the Reformed 4,000 boys under the age of twenty- Church) shall have the right to retain one years were convicted of crime betheir present form of organization. fore me, of whom but three were members of a Sabbath-school, has sat- The conference voted to refer points isfied me of the value of Sabbathat issue to a special committee consist- ,schools to the community, in helping ing of the chairman of the separate safeguard it, to the extent to which denominational commissions to per- Sabbath-schools exist, from the growth fect and complete a harmonized report of criminals. to be submitted to the higher judicatories of the five denominations in- "In 1,902 cases of suspended crimvolved. This final report will probably inal sentences, in each of which a not be ready for several months. minister, priest, or rabbi became in- terested at my request, only sixty-two America's Crime Bill of the boys were brought back for sentence." EVERY criminal in the United States costs as much "as the wel- Shall we support our churches and fare influence in the lives of 160 nor- Sunday-schools and close our jails or mal boys." shall we allow our churches and Sun- day-schools to die and fill our jails This c,onclusion was reached by a with criminals? Youth Committee, preparing for a Child Welfare Conference, in Wash- Church Contributions in Canada ington. The annual crime bill is in excess of $16,000,000,000; annual THE business depression has been child welfare costs $5,000,000,000, the keenly felt in the United Church number of criminals at less than 1,- of Canada, yet the contributions for 000,000, and child welfare affects 50,- missionary work have been proportion- 000,000 youths. ately greater than in the previous year. In the five year period the people have City planning commission laws, like those of New York and New Jersey, to make the environment fit the child, were urged. The committee urged

given 16 per cent more than they were Macoris, Barahona and other commugiving in the period before union and nities there are organized churches. they have opened 600 new fields of In Santo Domingo there is a hospital, ministry. An additional 4 per cent in a small book shop and a Bible House contributions would yield a balanced of the Antilles agency. In the northbudget. A complete unified scheme of ern part, a number of missionaries of pensions and provision for minister's the Free Methodist Church are workwidows and orphans is now in success- ing with success. Everyone of these ful operation. Two of the colleges have centers of Christian work deserves during the past year added $2,000,000 mention. Everyone who visits our country is interested by some circumto their resources and $14,000,000 has stance in its spiritual development and leaves it hopeful of the beautiful fubeen expended in new church build- ture which is expected from the seed ings.-Ckristian Century. of the Gospel. The first eifort, we should say the first harvest, is already LATIN AMERICA giving most abundant fruits of bene- diction to the souls formerly lost and First Caribbean Seminar the hearts formerly in tribulation. The knowledge of the pure Gospel of AVENTURE, of high significance Christ has been the beginning of a and importance in international happy era for the Dominican Republic. relations, is being realized this coming That is our belief. February. The Committee on Cultural Relations With Latin America an- The political and economic condinounces the first annual session of the tions of the country tend to a proseminar in the Caribbean. Members gres,sive stability which will contribwill sail from New York February 14, ute no doubt to the people's peace of 1931, and will visit Puerto Rico, Santo mind.-Heraldo Cristiano. Domingo, Canal Zone, Jamaica, Haiti, and Cuba. They will return on March Bible Distribution in Latin Ameriea 4. The lecturers and leader.s of round table discussions are Dr. Ernest by Coaches Gruening, Dr. E . .C. Lindeman, Dr. Leland Jenks, Dr. Samuel Guy Inman, T HE Rev. Paul Penzotti, secretary Charles Thomson and Carleton Beals. of La Plata Agency of the Ameri- Distinguished Latin Americans, as can Bible Society, gives a most inter- Dr. Fernando Ortiz of Cuba and Dr. esting story of the work carried on by Moises Saenz of Mexico are expected the fifteen colporteur,s, three subto participate in some of the sessions. agents and the agent. The La Plata Seminar programs are being arranged Agency, which covers the countries of at the ports of call. There will be cOn- Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and ferences with the local leaders and Chile, has a constituency of 16,000,000 visits to educational institutions, so- in the territory. During 1929 this· cial agencies, etc. Over 400 men and group of workers distribut~d 177,222 women have participated in the sem- volumes of the Scripture. Of this inar sessions in Mexico since 1926. number 12,474 Bibles, 18,028 Testa- For further information address Hu- ments and 126,640 portions were sold bert C. Herring; 112 East Nineteenth and 80 Bibles and 20,000 Gospels were Street, New York. donated. To do this 71,300 miles were traveled. Bible coaches have helped Protestants in San Domingo greatly in this distribution.

I N THE southern part of Santo Do- Mr. Penzotti spent several weeks in . mingo the Evangelical Church has Uruguay last year, traveling in the a 'promising field of action and is sus- "F. G. Penzotti" Bible Coach. He tained by the help of four denomina- visited the Waldensian colonies and tions, Presbyterians, Methodists, found them much interested in the Northern Baptists and United Breth- circulation of the Scriptures and of ren. In Santo Domingo, San Pedro de

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

great a,ssistance in the work. The istered nurse from Chicago. Mrs. "best Bible Ooach in Uruguay" has Tylee was injured but is recovering. recently been purchased at a cost of $2,000 by the Mennonites. A number The Rev. and Mrs. Tylee sailed for of other missions have their own Juruena, where the attack occurred, coaches and by them the colporteurs for the second time in May, 1929. have been enabled to vIsit far-away Mrs. Tylee delivered a lecture on the places where heretofore it has been Nhambiquara Indians at the Moody impossible to reach. Bible Institute in Chicago and de- scribed them as "savage murderers." Methodbt Church of Brazil "We went to Juruena," ,she said, "led of God to reach a tribe of Indians, the THE first public statement of the Nhambiquaras, numbering fr,om ten newly organized Methodist Church t'o thirty thousand. A few months beof Brazil was made September 5, as fore, six members of the force at the follows: telegraph station had gone to an In- dian village in search of food. They First: That the Methodist Church of camped overnight and were murdered Brazil maintain an intense and vigorous by the Indians as they slept." campaign against all evils in order that the physicial, moral and intellectual EUROPE health of society may be protected. The Augsberg Confession and Foreign Second: That the Annual Conferences provide for the appointment of commit- Missions tees on temperance and social service in order that the campaign against alco- DURING the Four Hundredth Anholism, use of tobacco, profligacy, bad niversary celebrations attending living conditions, housing and hours of the commemoration of the Augsburg labor of the working classes, especially Confession in the city of its delivery, women and children working in shops a great historical pageant was held in and factories, be organized, planned and the streets of Augsburg on June 22. carried out. During its course the work of Prot- estant missions was made prominent Third: That the Methodist Church of in two places. The pageant was artis- Brazil, through the proper means, co- tically executed and reviewed the hisoperate with the public authorities and tory of Protestantism in Germany, beprivate organizations such as the League ginning with Luther's entrance into of Mental Hygiene, the Brazilian Tem- Augsburg for his defense against Caperance Union, the World League Against jetan in 1518 to present times. Alcoholism, in their efforts to stamp out the evils which 'affect our people. The first representation dealt with scenes from the life 'of Samuel Urls- Fourth: That the Methodist Church berger, the friend of August Herman of Brazil subscribe to the social creed Francke and the Father of the founder adopted by the Federal Council of of the German Christentumsgesell- Churches in America and that it can be schaft. The things for which he was printed in our new Discipline. celebrated in the pageant were his care of the orphans and his relief of Missionaries Murdered in Brazil the exiled Salzburgers that resulted in the establishment of Ebenezer Colony T WO American missionaries and the in Georgia. infant daughter of one of them were killed in an attack on an isolated The second motive in the pageant station near Juruena in the wilds of was to present the spread of the Augs- Brazil according to an As,sociated burg Confession in all the world. A Press dispatch to Alfred H. Vroom, gigantic globe, on which the countries treasurer of the Inland South Ameri- were marked in which there were Lucan Missionary Union. theran churches, was attended by marchers in the costumes of the sev- Probably the attack was perpetrated by Indians who are savages in that part of Brazil.

The missionaries killed are: Arthur S. Tylee, formerly of Worcester, Mass.; his two-year-old daughter and Miss Ethel Kratz, 26 years old, a reg-

era} countries and carrying the flags Christian staff. Rather than have 'Of the natiDns which they represented. larger SCh'ODls with several nDn-Chris- tian teachers, the size 'Of the schoDls French Protestant Missions shDuld be reduced. MissiDn activities which trade fDr prDfit may have seri- AT THE CDntinental MissiDnary 'Ous drawbacks and the L. M. S. has refused tD undertake respDnsibility 1"1 Conference recently, Direct'Or f'Or such w'Ork.

C'Ouve repDrted 'On the missiDnary It is admitted that prDbably tDD WDrk 'Of the French Pr'Otestant s'Ociety, many missi'Onaries live in urban areas, the Paris Missi'On. It has nine f'Or- since 80% 'Of the pe'Ople 'Of the East eign fields in Africa and the S'Outh live in villages. In China m'Ore than Seas manned by 260 missi'Onaries, 'One- 50% 'Of the SDciety's wDrkers live in third 'Of whDm are Swiss and Italians. f'Our great cities. In areas where Of the 'One milli'On French Pr'Otestants there ha.s been little respDnse, it may 100,000 supp'Ort the w'Ork 'Of missions be better tD cDncentrate effDrts where with an average annual contributi'On there is a shDrtage 'Of staff. Every 'Of abDut $16. There is ''One missi'Onary eff'Ort ShDUld be made tD see that the t'O every ten past'Ors in France. Great Christian church is nDt regarded as a demands are made in the educati'Onal foreign institutiDn. Everything shDuld • w'Ork at present. The natives are be done to encourage indigenous eager f'Or educatiDn and, 'On acc'Ount 'Of churches and self-suppDrt. Roman Cath'Olic and secular cDmpeti- tion, it is imperative that the quality "The BDard sh'Ould emphasize the of the sch'Ools be imprDved. In the impDrtance 'Of cheapness and simplicity CameroDns and in Madagascar the in the building 'Of missiDn institu- propaganda 'Of the Bolshevists has be- ti'Ons. Native church members feel CDme a menace. AnDther impDrtant mDre at hDme in simple buildings. WDrk is that 'Of cDunteracting the im- Ec'On'Omy is desirable in the cDnstruc- mDral literature which enters in floDds tiDn 'Of missionaries' hDuses." frDm France. There are attempts at self-gDvernment amDng the native ReinfDrcements are mDst needed in churches that are disturbing because India and China. NDne of the SDciety's they are cDming tDD ,goDn in the de- fields however ·sh'Ould be given up un- velDpment 'Of the Christian experience. less there is anDther sDciety willing and able tD carry 'On the work. The L. M. S. Survey The SDciety's first need 'Of all is fDr ACOMMITTEE set up by the £20,000 tD make incDme balance exist- LondDn Missionary SDciety two ing expenditure (which in 1929-30 years ago has made a survey 'Of its was £169,119). WDrk throughout the wDrld, and re- pDrts on present needs fDr men and Seen in Soviet Russia money. The C'Ommittee makes a criti- cal review 'Of the wDrk 'Of this society B ISHOP RaymDnd J. Wade appeals and pDints 'Out that great as are the t'O Meth'Odists tD rally in supp'Ort changes being wrDught in less-devel- 'Of the MethDdist Church work in 'Oped parts 'Of the w'Orld and amDng atheist Russia. ancient civilizatiDns by Western com- merce and industry, the impact 'Of new Bishop Wade, whD has recently ways 'Of th'Ought is creating even traveled in Russia, says: greater changes. In the East as in the West the challenge tD Christianity T'Dday Russia is a land 'Of strDng frDm a secular view 'Of life i$'..even cDntra.sts and strange contradictiDns. g~r!,~t> th~n . frDm 'Other r~ligiDns. Perhaps the first impressiDn upon .,til bfep01;ting 'On educatlOnal wDrk entering Russia is that 'Of the 'Old un- repaired, unpainted buildings, the e~h;W~s is"li:tid 'On the great need 'Of a primitive methDds, the dirt, the squa- lDr, patched 'Old clothes, big bDDts, etc. Nevertheless, in MDSCDW and vicinity are ,fDund new buildings, up-to-date

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

apartments for workers, modern fac- cording to a two-degree system, in the tories. first degree of which the suffrage will be universal; (5), Deputies must be The second impression is the mili- 30 years old and Senators 40; (6), tary aspect. Soldiers and officers are Parliamentary sessions shall last five everywhere. Of the twenty countries months; (7), the King has the power I visited, none gives you such an im- to dissolve Parliament and suspend pression of the dominance of the mili- sessions; (8), in legislative matters tary. Parliament has the last word; (9) , Islam is the religion of the State. The No country in the world is the vic- new electoral 'law gives voting power tim of such propaganda. Two chief to those capable of understanding the daily newspapers in Moscow represent significance of the right of suffrage the voice of the government; all other and its proper use. papers take their cue and their stories from this source. Everything is in- The main grounds for opposition to terpreted in terms of Soviet ideas. the new Constitution are that it re- duces the number of representatives The Soviet social theories imperil in the Chamber of Deputies from 230 the home as we know it and love it. to 150, with a proportionate reduction in the Senate, and gives the King prac- Sunday has been abolished. To be tically unlimited power in all branches seen going to church, if you are a of the government. The Wafd opposes worker for this government, subjects the electoral law because it abolishes you, if reported, to possible loss of job direct elections, imposing the two-deand perhaps to starvation through loss gree system instead. of the bread card. But people do go to church despite all this. Liberia Ends Slavery In Rus,sia atheism is alert and ram- T HE domestic slaVES of the native pant. Had there been in the past a tribes have been declared free by free, vital, humanity-serving Church, the Liberian Government, according to powerfully influential in Russia, the an official dispatch to the League of present condition would never have ob- Nations. Liberia also announces that taimid. it has abolished the system by which a tribesman pledged a member of his AFRICA family as security for a loan, and has ended forced recruiting for foreign New Constitution for Egypt labor contracts: ON OCTOBER 23, the new Con- The international inquiry commis- stitution for Egypt was put into sion found these forms of ,slavery still effect in the face of hostile demonstra- exi8ting in Liberia and this action is tion on the part of Mo,slem students. the result.

All the main streets and large Trouble in Kenya Colony squares of Cairo were heavily guarded by mounted police. The Wafdists I N THE Scotch Mission among the threaten "to make any sacrifice to pro- Kikuyu people there has been ditect the rights, liberty and independ- vision over an attempt of political agience of the people," which they con- tators to reintroduce heathen customs tend are trampled upon by the new in the Christian community. Those Constitution and electoral law. who would abandon the tribal cus- toms are stigmatized as traitors to The chief points of the Constitution patriotism. Among these customs is as revised are: (1), Egypt is a sover- the mutilation of girls when initiated eign State, free and independent; (2), into puberty. It results in a general the throne is hereditary to the de- deterioration of the moral nature and scendants of Mohammed Ali; (3), the such a physical weakening as to add Senate is to be composed of 100 member,s, sixty of whom will be appointed by the King, while the Chamber of Deputies is to consist of 150 elected members; (4), elections will be ac-

unnecessarily t'O the m'Ortality 'Of At the same time the Turkish aum'Others and infants in later life. The th'Orities have forbidden Turkish chilmembership of the church has been dren tD attend movies until after fifdecimated as a result 'Of this agitati'On teen years 'Of age, because of the c'Orand gr'Oups have started independent rupting character of these Americanchurches. Girls who have taken their manufactured movies. stand against the brutal and unclean ceremonies have been persecuted. Christ and Womanhood Some, while walking on the public highway, have been carried off against THE mag a z in e, Alam-i-Nesvan their will. (World of Women), printed re- cently an article by a young man who The Christian pastors and elders is a ,secretary of the Shah's court and have stood firm but some sch'Ools have who has written a number 'Of books. been deserted, and h'Ospitals have l'Ost His article was largely histDrical, dealpatronage. Dr. Irvine rep'Orts that ing with the position of women in so- "one great blessing has been a new ciety. He frankly stated that Jesus impetus t'O evangelistic w'Ork. The Christ had done more than anyone scho'Ol being S'O reduced it was resolved else to elevate womankind. The art'O close it and go throughout the vil- ticle was so significant as coming from lages preaching and healing. A band a MDslem that the Committee on Chrisof seventeen set 'Out with three tents tian Literature in Persia reprinted it tD visit the .northwest CDrner of the as a pamphlet.-Mrs. A. C. Boyce, area newly allocated to the Mission in Persia, in Women and Missions. the Meru district. The spirit of the camp was a joy, and it brought us Daughters of Damacus close together to be living, praying, tramping, preaching, together." SEVENTY years ago, Mrs. BDwen Thompson landed at Beirut, in or- WESTERN ASIA der to minister spiritual comfort to the distressed survivors of the MarD- Turkey Imitating America nite and 'Other communities, which had been decimated by fire and sword. T HE English language has been sug- What was intended as a temporary gested for use in Turkish scho'Ols, service became a permanent work, and superseding French. A friend 'Of was known later as the British Syrian Kemal Pasha and member of the Mission. Turkish parliament, Rafik Bey, says in the official paper Milliyet (quoted in The seventieth anniversary of the The Moslem World): "American civ- Mission was celebrated in London last ilization should be the foundati'On October. The hon'Orary General Secof our impr'Ovements. Imitati<)ll 'Of retary, Mr. J. D. Maitland-Kirwan, Eur'Ope is not g'Ood f'Or us. The Amer- stated that the majority of Syrians ican spirit 'Of initiative is just the op- are Mohammedans, with all the faposite t'O the spirit which has been naticism usually characteristic of taught us by 'Our dervishes and m'Ol- the followers of Islam. The Druzes lahs for centuries. We sh'Ould accept have many gDod qualities but are posthe American religion with all 'Our sess.ors of a peculiar and secret faith, heart, and knDw it as 'Our true religi'On, which aUows its devotees to make outfor the ideal of this religion is crea- ward prDfession of whatever religion tion and initiative. The God of an is dDminant around them. Roman American does not like people WhD, as Catholicism, also, is strongly enparasites, die on the ,streets from hun- trenched, and has sought to hinder ger but praises an individual who Gospel wDrk. In spite of such obworks and builds a palace fDr him- stacle,s, lives have been changed, and self." By the American religi'On Ra- c'Ompanies of believers united in felfik Bey pr'Obably means not Chris- lowship. tianity but the worship of ,success.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The principal stations of the Mis- armed they claim they will overcome sion are at Beirut, Damascus, Tyre, military power. The Government is Mount Lebanon, Mount Hermon, and going as far as any Government can Baalbec. The mission agencies in- be expected to g,o in refraining from clude a training college, schools, dis- the use of police or military power pensary work, industrial blind schools, even in the face of great provocation. in addition to ordinary evangelistic activities. The Bible is the chief text- We are particularly concerned with book, and from its inception the Mis- the picketing of educational institu'- sion, which is interdenominational, tions. Many of the colleges and unihas consistently sought to put first versities are being picketed by khadthings first. dar-clad, Gandhi-capped, national-flag- waving groups. If teachers and stu- INDIA AND BURMA dents stand for their rights and suc- ceed in breaking through the cordon Present Disturbances in India at the gate they are called traitors. If a teacher and a few students reach I T IS difficult to give a true picture a classroom, the picketers can easily of India. Rev,olution is here. Lord make enough noise to make a lecture Irwin is standing for the fulfillment inaudible. The majority of the stuof the pledges regarding responsible dents around Allahabad really want to government and Dominion Status. go 'on with their studies. Police pro- There is a group in England who still tection would probably be of no use look upon India as subordinate. The because public opinion is so strong India that can be forced into sub- against it and because the social boymis,sion is a thing of the past. Her cott is applied so rigorously to those temper today is that of men who have who call in the police. In one local made up their minds to be free and school the manager insisted on his who are prepared to pay the price, rights as a free Indian. The school with their lives, if need be. The force records and furniture were burned and that she uses today-for force it is- he was lucky to escape with his life. is the unarmed bodies of Indians. The students of the Allahabad Agri- When a mail train is ready to start cultural Institute have been greatly exfrom a station, it may see 200 to 300 cited, but except for one day have atkhadder-clad figures prostrate on the tended to their work. Several Univerpermanent way. Should the driver sity students have applied to take, spestart the train and run over them, it cial courses in practical farming and would add numbers to the movement. dairying while the University is forc- The chances are that the holding up ibly closed. I can give no guarantee of trains will become common practice. as to how long we can keep open, but Many are anxious to become martyrs. they reply the Congress has decided The aim of Mr. Gandhi's followers that we will not be closed, that "the seems to be to make all public business Institute is a nation-building instituand government impos,sible, as well as tion."-Dr. Sam Higginbottom, Allaprivate business of which they do not habad. approve. British goods are being boycotted. Indian mill owners and mer- Away with Purdah! chants have been financially ruined, often against their wishe,s, and many FOLLOWERS of Mahatma Gandhi thousands have been thrown out of in 'his civil disobedience campaign work. Social boycott is applied to proclaimed recently that "purdah," the those who do not obey the picketers- seclusion of women, is doomed, since personal services are withdrawn and women have entered into the struggle food supply is cut off. They claim for independence. They exulted in the that their policy, if carried out for a fact that Indian women, who fur censufficiently long time, will make gov- turies preferred the seclusion of their ernment impossible. Even though un- homes, have received a new world

status from the Simon commission, been a comparatively easy task to save which t()ok particular cognizance of a few thousand Christians, but when women's part in the struggle. you come to deal with the surr'Ound- ing millions only one here and there Gandhi's subalterns issued the fol- can be saved. lowing appeal: These famines are preventable. If "Away with ancient purdah! Come a hundredth part of the money wasted out of the kitchens quick! Fling the in civil war were applied to irrigapots and pans rattling into corners! tion schemes, these plains would be Tear the cloth from your eyes, and insured against famines. Meantime, see the new world! Let your hus- it must wait, perhaps for decades, till bands and brothers cook for them- a stable government is established and selves. There is much work to be an enlightened public spirit created. done to make India a nation!" Irrigation is Shensi's urgent need. Improved communications with the CHINA rest 'Of China W'Ould also help, for the relief societies have found transP'Ort Dangers in China their greatest obstacle.

T HE New York Times of November The soldiers and bandits ruthlessly 11 reported that all Americans, expl'Oit the people. When one 'Of 'Our other tlw,n missionaries, in Kiang,si missi'Onaries first came to Shensi and Honan had begun to evacuate twenty-five years ag'O there were n'Ot those provinces, fearing the rapid one th'Ousand soldiers in the whole spread of communism. province. Now we have three hun- dred thousand under arms. Carts, Kiangsi is the worst afflicted of all animals and men are conscripted withthe provinces, and except for a small out compensation, just when they are zone surrounding Nanchang, the cap- needed most on the fields, and trade ioB ital, that province is overrun by Com- strangled. Just before this famine bemunists or bandits. In September and fell Shensi, the military seized the October more than 2,500 Chinese in granaries in which reserves were Kiangsi were murdered by Reds and stored against bad seasons, confiscated more than 10,000 were kidnapped and all the grain, and carried it off for the held for ransom. use of the army.

A letter received at Catholic head- M'Ost of China's ills are man-made, quarters in Kiukiang from the Rev. and could be eliminated if 'Only her Father Thieffry, held captive with rulers made the welfare 'of her people thirteen other Catholic missionaries their first and chief concern.-E. W. by Communists at Kian, Kiangsi Prov- Burt, M.A. (B.M.S. China Secretary) ince, said the missionaries would be in World Dominion. released on payment of $200,000 Mexican [about $65,0001 Razing Mission Schools Six American, two British and four DR. WILLIAM C. WHITE, Angli- German mis,sionaries t l' a p p e d in can bish'OP of Honan, who had Kwangchow, Honan Province, China, 'Ordered the buildings of all schools of were unable to leave because of the his mission torn down "to prevent danger from Communist forces, and their falling into unfriendly hands," the American Oonsul General, F. D. gave the 'Orders after consultation with Lockhart, asked that an effort be made his mission in Canada. He gives the to bring them out by airplane. following reasons for his action: 1. Mission middle schools were estab- Christians, Soldiers, Bandits and lished to provide education in a Chris- tian environment. Government regu- Famine lations make this objective impossible. 2. It would be a breach of faith to use THE Chinese Christians are the salt of the earth, and we cannot be too thankful that most of them have been ,saved in the famine by the kindness of Christian friends at home. It has

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

such equipment for secular educa- rather a motley looking class in their tional work without the consent of working clothes and with the signs donors. 3. However, ill-advised such of honest toil on hands and faces as a (government) policy may be, the they come from work with masons, government has a legal right to is,sue carpenters, plumbers, electricians. In such regulations. 4. Empty buildings the shade of the building or of a tree, are a heavy liability. It is almost im- seated on piles of sand, bricks, or possible to prevent their occupation by stone, the class in building construc- the military or government bureaus.. tion is conducted, using as the text- For these reasons various mission book the structure beside them just school buildings have been pulled being erected.

down and rebuilt for different use in The students are taught to apply other locatIons. The bishop concl)ldes Christianity to their task-s, and thus his statement thus: "I am strongly of to make Christianity practical. There the opinion that for the interior .of is a shop evangelist and both he and China the church will not lose by re- the Christian students have wide op- linquishing mission schools, but will portunity to do personal Christian gain. . . . Our chief concern in an work among other workmen. When I educational line must now be, first, the was in Peiping, Mr. Dean was in the education 'of the children of Christians famine district with a number of his in a Christian environment; second, staff, foremen and students, superin- the special training of Church leaders; tending the work of a thousand men and, third, more systematic religious constructing a canal 42 miles long and education of the Christian constitu- 90 feet wide, to connect the Yellow ency. and Black Rivers, and to irrigate with its laterals a thousand square miles of Character Training in M i 8 8 ion land. Five thousand workmen were Schools engaged on the job, which serves three AUNIQUE piece of character-train- purposes – employment to famine- ing is being done by Mr. Samuel stricken people, irrigation of an area Dean, of the Presbyterian Mission in that will later be productive, and use the North China School of Engineer- of water that would otherwise cause ing Practice. An applicant must have flood in the lower course of the Yellow a good grounding in science, mathe- River.-Rev. George H. TrulL matics, English and Chinese and should be a Christian. He must be Shall We Withdraw Fron> China? ready to do hard manual work and to learn how to assume responsibility. T HE Rev. Victor Swenson, mission- He must be intere-sted in service to his ary of the Augustana Lutheran fellow men. "We want," says Mr. Synod, writes from China: Dean, "to make of them practical men, I believe anyone called of God, able who will not bend or break under pres- to learn a foreign language, and in ent hard Chinese conditions, but who good health, should be sent out as soon will go forward in spite of trouble. as possible. It takes time to prepare We wish to produce Christians of for the work even after you have ar- granite and steel and for this purpose rived. Mi.ssionaries may be in danger we choose boys who have that sort of on Kikungshan, but they are not in as material in them and work it up in the serious danger as we were right here fire of hard work." in Hsuchow a few days ago. Robbers Much of the class work instruction were shooting and killing and burning is given in connection with some job like mad beasts only a few miles away.

of construction. Word is sent to the We could hear the large and small technical students working on differ- guns thunder in the distance. But it ent jobs throughout the city to as- is not worse for us than for other semble at a particular place. They are missionaries. The China Inland Mi-s-

sion is sending out one company after meeting, a morning Bible study, aftanother. ernoon preaching from house to house, and evening service. "At five in the He also writes that, "the tent bands morning and often earlier still, Mr. have been bUllY scattering the Gospel Kim, the evangelist, was there surseed. The robbers have been very bad rounded by those eager to pray. At at times in certain places. When they six the regular prayer-meetings began. get furious, the tent workers move to This daybreak gathering numbered 1,- another place. There are plenty of 200 or more and at the closing meeting towns and villages tliat need to be a thank offering provided Yen 600 to given the Gospel-thousands upon send an evangelist to some needy field. thousands of them. By God's grace During the morning, after an hour they are going to have a chance to with college or academy boys, Mr. Kim hear and accept or reject the mes- conducted a two-hour Bible class with sage." an attendance of 800 or 900, using the book of Romans as a basis for study." JAPAN-CHOSE,N One building would not hold the eve- ning gatherings so two large churches Christmas in Japan were used and both auditoriums were filled. There were more than 900 of J APANESE people, who love festal personally led new believers who de- days and gay deoorations, easily clared themselves. All this happened adopt the picturesque customs of in one city. The word received from Christmas season, even though they the country was also "most encouragknow nothing of its real significance. ing. The eff'Ort is being made to have Merchants offer Christmas presents every church in the territory join in and decorations for sale. Decorated and already the response has gone be- Christmas trees and small Santa yond all expectations. Prayer for the Clauses appear in store windows. One work should be most earnest and conenterprising restaurant owner heard stant. All Christians are asked to of turkeys and plum puddings which choose and pray for three unbelieving grace Christmas tables, and advertised friends. Many are responding and the "an American Christmas dinner, movement is going forward." served December 25, 26 and 27." Oooperation in Seoul I longed to give not only the Christians, but all the people of the city, FRIENDS of Ewha College, Seoul, high and low alike, the message of the ~orea, will rejoice in the entrance Christ Child. Through the city W. C. of the third cooperating mission board T. U., we arranged a Christmas pa- into its work. The United Church of geant in the city auditorium. It was Canada has made an appropriation for unique in the history of Kanazawa, 1931 for the Home Economics Departbut the patience and perseverance and ment, assuring the continuance of this long hours of rehearsal were repaid. much needed service. All the cast entered into the spirit of the day. The audience was deeply The cooperation of this church moved, and some said afterwards, "It changes Ewha College from an allwas 80 beautiful that we wept."-M1's. Methodist (Northern and Southern) M. A. Tremaine, Japan, in Women and college into a union college, broaden- Missions. ing its appeal t'O those outside of Methodist circles. This help is par- A Revival in Chosen ticularly appreciated now when the college is raising $450,000 for new THE story of an evangelistic effort buildings. Almost $200,000 of this in the Presbyterian field in Pyeng- amount is already in sight.-W'Onwn's yang under the leadership of a Korean Missionary Friend. evangelist is enheartening. The daily program included a daybreak prayer-

WORTH

Any books mentioned in theBe columm will be forwarded b'/l 'Us on receipt of price.-TBE REVIEW.

Behind Mud Walls. By Charlotte Viall puzzles, diagrams, poems, stories with- Wiser and William H. Wiser. Illus. out words, buried names and other 8 vo. $1.50. Richard R. Smith. New devices will catch and hold the inter- York. est of children as well as the stories, several of which are fascinating as For five yea:r.s Mr. and Mrs. Wiser they are educational and inspiring. and their two boys lived much of the Here is an excellent gift for children time in a tent just outside of an Indian of six to twelve years of age. village near Mainpuri, studying the life and pvoblems of the people, learn- The Fight for Peace. By Devere Allen. ing to know them and winning their 8 vo. 740 pp. $5.00. Macmillan, friendship. This illuminating and New York. well-drawn picture of Indian village life is the result. The mis,sionaries "Fight" is a rather belligerent term endured many privations as to com- for an avowed pacifist to use in disfort, and at first were met with sus- cussing peace, but he has good spiritpICIOn. They overcame obstacles by ual precedent for it. Although only 39 their spirit of friendliness. The story years of age, he has been active and of how they did it and what they found influential in the movement against out about the men, the women, the war for more than twelve years, servchildren and the animals, is a fasci- ing as an officer or director in several nating narrative. It reveals not only peace organizations, and writing the difficulties of changing the life of voluminously for newspapers and Indian villagers, but suggests how this magazines, including The World Tomay be done by Christian tact, con- movrow of which he is the editor. In tact and patience. There is no better this volume, he goes deeply into the light on Indian village life for this subject in which his heart is so warmvolume is the outgrowth of personal ly enlisted. Scores of books deal with experience. The closing question is specific phases of the peace movement, one that we may all ask ourselves, but this monumental work covers its "Can we who have been permitted to entire history as no other book does. know the needs of the men and women, It gives an exhaustive account of the the youth and babies, and the animals various peace movements since 1815, of the village, 'pass by on the other surveys of the present day peace acside' and forget 1" tivities of societies, churches and labor 'organizations, the history of arbitra- Lands Across the Sea. 8 vo. 154 pp. tion treaties, world courts, the League 28 6d. Church Missionary Society, of Nations, Locarno, etc., arguments London. 1930. for the fundamental grounds of peace, Missionary life is full of adventure and rebuttal of contentions against the and incidents that are of interest to possibility of putting an end to war.

young people. This volume gather-s All this is thoroughly documented, the for children at home, the stories, references alone filling 15 closely rhymes, puzzles and games related to printed pages. Five appendices in- children in foreign lands. There are elude a chr-onological table of 252 wars also clever sketches and very attractive since 1792, and a full index makes the colored pictures that make the book vast store of material readily available interesting. The games, cross word for reference. It i,s a massive work, 77

not to be lightly read but thoughtfully nesburg. Here we see a backward peo- studied and used as a source book for ple bursting into civilization over a long time to come. Advocates of night, displaying qualities of leader- peace will here find an abundance of ship, and self-assertiveness, and com- facts and arguments in support of ing at once into sharp conflict with their position. A. J. B. the entrenched white races. And this D. L. Moody. By William R. Moody. 556 book tells the fascinating story of what is happening. Mr. Phillips has pp. IUus., $3.50. Macmillan Co. New resided as a missionary for twelve York. years in the midst of this environ- memo He not only has an intimate The son has given the world the knowledge of the people, but a deep sympathy for their suffering and faith fullest and most satisfactory life of in their future. He, therefore, speaks with authority and conviction on the his. father that has yet appeared, en- racial problem and the new task of the Christian Church. "The old ablmg the reader to know in his man- heathenism," he says, "is no joke. It's the most hopeless, deadening, damifold activities the greatest evangelist nable kind of life that mankind has evolved for itself. It's written plainly of the Christian world. We see the on the cruel, brazen, inhuman faces of millions who have reached middle age. lad at work and his ambitions for African heathenism is hell!" But the old religion is passing. The rapid wealth, looking to a maximum of changes, economic and social, cause severe strain in every department of $100,000 and gaining an income of native life. The future relationship of black and white is shrouded in mist. over $5,000 a year, won by Kimball to The only light that shines clearly is the light of the Gospel. Three hunhis Saviour and still later by two dred thousand men are drilling and blasting rock containing the yellow godly women· to the fulness of life and stuff, which ,seems to be the white man's god. The Gospel is the only unparalleled usefulness. His labors message that can get over the color line, and across the chasm of misuncovered all important cities in the derstanding. The book is interesting reading and in an appendix we have United States, Great Britain, Scotland the official statement of the Jerusalem Council Meeting on Race Relations. and Ireland, where he was heard by This is the program that challenges the churches of South Africa. uncounted millions, while printed re- S. M. ZWEMER. ports of his sermons were eagerly read by other millions. True converts num- bered untold hundreds of thousands and thousands were won as Christian workers.

That a self-educated man should have overcome the prejudices of high- browed students of Oxford, Cam- bri.dge, Edinburgh, Harvard, Yale and Prmceton and held spellbound scores of student conference,s is a wonderful story set fomh meticulously and faith- fully, and simply proves what a mloavn~ wholly given to God and full of for his fellow men, can do for the world, in sixty-two years of life.

When "Earth recedes; Heaven opens before me; G<ld is calling me and 1 must go"-"up and off" he had once Sindiga the Savage. By Eric A. Beavon. called it. Heaven was enriched by an 291 pp. $2. Harpers. New York. unequalled Christian laborer of the twentieth century. The subtitle is "A Tale of the Wilds," and the book justifies it. The HARLAN P. BEACH. author calls it "the first -East African Th~ Bantu !,re Coming. By Ray E. Phil- romance to be written in which the lIps. Rlc~ard R. Smith, Inc. New leading characters are natives of York. PrIce $2.00. 238 pp. Africa, and white people merely fig- The race problem in South Africa ures in the background." The old is nowhere more acute than in Johan- Africa is rapidly changing under the

BOOKS WORTH READING

influences that western nations are nized as an authority on India. In bringing to bear in a vast continent, this volume he gives the history of ten-elevenths of which are ruled by India agitation for self-government, European governments, or as in South culminating in the present revolt un- Africa, by men of European ancestry. der Gandhi, a thoughtful analysis of This story of a primitive tribe before India's problem, and his reasons for and after the white men came is well believing that dominion status in and vividly told. It is interesting as the British Empire is the only practi- a romance and incidentally valuable cable solution of this difficult problem.

for its account of an aboriginal life There are two maps, seven full-page that still exists but is destined soon portraits of outstanding personalities to pass away. A. J. B. from Clive to Gandhi, a chronological table ·of political events, and a copious Christians in China Before the Year 1550. index. It is a volume of first rate By A. C. Moule. 293 pp. 15s. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. importance. A. B. J. London. (Macmillan. New York.) The Case for India. By John S. Hoyland. Scores of books describe modern 173 pp. $2. Dutton. New York.

missions in China from the arrival of This volume is highly recommended the first Protestant missionary, Robert both f.or its content and for the Morrison, in 1807; but most of them thoroughly Christian spirit in which either say nothing about Christianity it is written. The author knows and in China prior to that date or give loves India, having served ilfteen only a scanty 'outline of it in a pre- years, in touch at different times with liminary chapter. This volume is the students, educated classes, villagers first one to present a full historical and industrialists.

account of Christians who were in The first part describes the growth that great country in the early and of the nationalistic feeling, the in- middle ages of the Christian era, and fluence of Gandhi, the two dominant to give in an English translation the religions (Hinduism and Islam), and actual words of the original authori- gives an appraisal of the British sys- ties, with necessary references and tem in India. It is the second part explanations in footnotes. The author of the book that readers will most has 'opened up to the English readers value, for here the author frankly a realm hitherto imperfectly explored tells us what is in the Indian's mind- and almo,st wholly unknown to the how he looks at the West, at India, at churches of today. We are inclined Swaraj, at religion, and at the future.

to think that the book will long be The reader will be impressed with the recognized as a classic authority in contrast of culture between India and its special field. There are many il- the West, and is grateful for this lustrations, a table of important dates, sympathetic insight into the inner life and a complete index. A. J. B. of India. D. J. F.

Reconstructing India. By Ed war d A Study of the Student Home of China. Thompson. 404 pp. $4. Dial Press. By Ava B. Milam. 98 pp. Bureau of New York. Publications of Teachers College, Co- One who desires an intelligent, ju- lumbia University. New York.

dicious and authoritative account of Five months of personal observation the situation in India-and who does of ·schools and student homes in Eastnot ?-will find it in this volume. The ern China together with collated reauthor knows his subject thoroughly plies to a questionnaire concerning the and at fir,st hand. He lived in India lives of 1,270 families form the basis as a child, was for a dozen years pro- for a SY8tem of home economics for fessor in a college in Bengal, and is China's schools. The book affords innow lecturer in Bengali at Oxford timate and interesting details as to University. He is everywhere recog-

the Chinese family, its standards of calendars for the year 1931 with ap- living, health conditions, the patriar- propriate daily Scripture texts.

chal system, child training, marriage, servants, etc. It concludes with a BRIEF MENTION chapter on China's need for the train- Junior Stewards of the Bible, by Helen Kinsbury Wallace, Field Speing of men as well as women in home cialist in the Stewardship Department of the Northern Baptist Convention, economics. Conferences held during is justly commended by Dr. David Mc- Conaughy as a book effectively pre- Dean Milam's sojourn in China to- senting to young people the lesson that our whole life is a sacred trust to be gether with other influences have led used in a working partnership with Christ. (Revell. 75c.) not merely to the establishment of a The Turn Toward Peace, by Flor- Department ·of Home Economics at ence Brewer Boeckel, is one of the best of the recent books on inter- Yenching University, but also to a re- national peace and friendship, by the Education Director of The National quirement by the Ministry of Edu- cation that the subject be taught in all middle schools for girls. Dr. T.

T. Lew in an Introductory commends the book as scholarly and meeting a need of the "changing 'changless'

Chinese family." C. H. FENN.

BOOKS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE Council for Prevention of War. It is just the book for individuals, <:lasses The following attractive books for and clubs that desire a sane discussion of war and peace. (Friendship Press. young people are on our desk: Two are from the Penn Publishing Cloth, $1; paper, GOc.) Co., Philadelphia: Toni of Grand Isle, Community Religion and the De- by Nelia Gardner White, ($2) and nominational Heritage, by J. R. Har- Wild Wind, by Temple Bailey ($2). greaves, Dr. Robert A. Ash, of the One is from the publishing house of Baptist Church; Dr. Albert W. Palm- Richard R. Smith, New York-Hands er, of the Congregational; Dr. Win- Around the World, by Archer Wallace, fred Ernest Garritson, of the Dis- ($1) and one from the Church Mis- ciples; Prof. Howard C. Robbins, of sionary Society, London-Tales of the Protestant Episcopal; Dr. War- India, contributed by five writers from ren Sweet, of the Methodist, and Dr. personal observation and experience. John T. McNeil, of the University of Eight are from the publishing house Chicago. These names are a guaranty of Pickering and Inglis, London, as of the excellence of this little book which discusses a pre·sent-day prob- t follows: Old Chickweed, (2s.) by E. A. lem of major importance. (Harpers. Bland; Norah's Victory, (2s. 6d.) by $1.00.) L. A. Barter-Snow; Ursula, (2s. Gd.) Rainbow Missionary Stories, by also by L. A. Barter-Snow; Briny's Stella M. Rudy is a collection of Hoy, (ls. Gd.) by Lily Watson; charming stories from true life, ad- Through Brazilian Jung/elands with mirably adopted to interest children the Book, (3s. Gd.) by F. C. Glass; in missionary work, written by a wom- Henry Martyn of Persia, (2s) by Jes- an who has spent years in China, who sie Page; David Elliott, (28.) by E. is affectionately known to children as Everett Green; and "Ma" The Her- "Aunt Stella," and who knows how to oine of Calabar, a biography of Mary tell a story in a captivating way. So Slessor, by Esther E. Enoch (ls.) competent a judge as Emily M. Schlu- All of these books are illustrated ensen, head of the Department of and will be of interest not only to School Management of the New York young people but to their elders. Training School for Teachers, com- Pickering and Inglis have also is- mends this book in an Introduction.

sued a handsomely illustrated series of (Revell. $1.50.)