The Missionary Review of the World — November 1938

1938

A New Survey of Neglected Arabia Samuel M. Zwemer Reality and Romance in Czechoslovakia Joseph Novotny The Universality of Christ E. Stanley Jones Problems of the Churches in Asia Akira Ebisawa Outlook for the Church in India B. L. Rallia Ram The Saintly Surgeon of India Margaret McKellar A New Children's Page Violet Wood 2S Cents a Copy $2.50 a YeaT

to Remember IPIRITUAL REVIVAL IN' FULL

N(lvember 1-3-Nationaf Stewardship The war in China has added greatly to our material burdens. It ha. greatly deepened Convention, Chicago, Ill. the spiritual life of all at the Home and also increased the number we are carinll for Your prayers and aid will now 110 further in winning souls for Christ than perha~ November 6-11-International Good- ever before. Let the appeal of hundreds who are helpless and hopeles. not be in .will Congress. San Francisco, Calif. vain. A little lloes a long way in China• November 20-Thanksgiving Sunday. HOME OJ: ONEJIPHORUJ D~ember 6-9-Biennial meeting of TAlAN, SHANTUNG, CHINA the Federal Council of Churches, . Buffalo, N. Y. This faith work is one of the largest Christian institutions in the Orient. It has been December 13-30-International Mis- consecrated for over twenty years to the rescue of the homeless.

sionary Council, Madras, India. Write today for FREE picture and story of Chinese girl shown in this ad • January 8-10, 1939 – Home Missions also receive "Helping China'. Helpless," telling how God led Rev. and Mrs: Anglin to open the Home and how He blessed the work. a thrilling story. Council, Baltimore, Md. January 23-February 18-Iowa School HOME OF ONESIPHORUS American Office for Missionaries. Iowa State College, 2811 North Racine Avenue Drawer 36 Chicago, nlinois Ames, Iowa. Personal Item. keget; Ins~itute, is convalescing after Obituary Notes a serIOUS Illness. Dr. Carver's discov- eries are known around the world. The Rev. David B. Schneder, D.D., Dr. W. Graham Scroggie, one of a missionary of the Reformed Church the Vice-Presidents of England's Na- Mrs. Prem N* at*h D*as, Vice-Presi- in the U. S. to Japan since 1887, died tional Young Life Council for some in Sendai, Japan, on October 4. Dr. years, now becomes the Free Church dent of Isabella Thoburn College in Schneder was one of the outstanding President of the Movement, to succeed Lucknow, has been chosen as sucees- missionaries and for many years was the late Carey Bonner. He will hold sor to Dr. Mary E. Shannon, Princi- president of the College of North the office jointly with Canon Rowland pal, who retires early in 1939. Mrs. Japan, retiring two years' ago. He Grant. Das is the first Indian to become head was de~orated by the Mikado with the of the first college for women in Asia. Fourth Order of the Rising Sun and *** the Third Order of Sacred Treasure. Dr. Rufus J*one*s *and Dr. Harry He was born in Bowmansville, Pa., Dr. W. A. Visser 't Hooft, of Ge- and was graduated from Franklin neva, has been elected president of the Silcock, representing Quaker Mis- and Marshall College and from Lan- World Student Christian Federation sions of the United States and Eng- caster Theological Seminary. at a meeting in Paris, attended by 120 land, have been visiting China, study- delegates from Australia, India, Java, ing the situation and gathering data, *** South Africa, Canada, United States, preparatory to sending a staff of and nearly all the European countries. workers to open headquarters in Miss Isabel K. MacDermott, ex- Shanghai for the administration of ecutive secretary of the Board of The Russian Student Movement in relief. The Quakers have proved their Trustees of Santiago College in Chile, Exile, having its headquarters in Par- efficiency in this line. died in the Post-Graduate Hospital, is, joined with the French Student New York City, August 12, following Christian Movement as hosts of the a major operation. Miss MacDermott conference. was a teacher in Santiago College Dr. Luther W*esl*ey *Smith, pastor of many years ago. *** the First Baptist Church of Syracuse, *** Rev. Saburo Imai, secretary of the N. Y., has been chosen as Executive Mrs. R. W. Porteous, of Shanghai, Board of Missions of the Japan Meth- Secretary of the American :tJaptist whose capture by communists in 1930 odist Church, is in America as a rep- Publication Society, succeeding Dr. will be remembered, died at Nanchang resentative of his church to the United Owen C. Brown, retired. May 5. Mrs. Porteous went to China Church of Canada. 44 years ago as Emma Forsberg, of Pennock, Minn. She married R. W. *** Dr. James A.*Gr*aha*m, founder and Porteous in 1908, and through their Dr. Robert Bond, president of the united efforts more than 50 outsta- Methodist Conference of Great Brit- director of the Presbyterian Mission . tions were opened in West Central ain, traveled 20,000 miles last year Hospital in Tagbilaran, Philippine Is- Kiangsi. When news was flashed without missing a single engagement. lands, has been declared an adopted around the world in March, 1930, of He attributes this in large measure to son of the Province of Bohol. The the capture of Mr. and Mrs. Porteous the prayers of the membership for declaration, printed on parchment, by communists, multitudes gathered their president. was presented to Dr. Graham in the' to pray for their deliverance. Mter presence of government authorities, being held for three months, they were *** members of Bohol Medical Society and released, having suffered untold hard- Dr. George Washington Carver, other prominent Boholanos. ships and indignities. distinguished Negro scientist of Tus- After a period of recuperation in America, they returned to China in The .Rev. J.*Le*on*Hooper, D.D., 1932 to reopen the Burrows Memorial of the Board of Foreign Missions, Bib~ School in Nanchang. Presbyterian Church, has been asked to extend his service as Acting Secre- *** tary for the portfolio which includes Japan, Korea, Siam and the Philip- Rev. Charles Phillips, of Johannes- pine Islands, for another period of burg, South Mrica, died June 6 at the three months. age of 85. He was a missionary of the London Missionary Society, and *** .later pastor of Ebenezer Congrega- tional Church in Johannesburg. Mrs. F. E. Shotwell has taken up the responsibilities of Western Super- visor of Migrant Work for the Coun- cil of Women for Home Missions. She comes to the Council with a training and experience that fits her peculiarly A practical, effective course in methods for these responsibilities, so ably car- of Chrisuan work and soul·winning. ried on by Miss Adela J. Ballard dur- ing the last ten years of her lifetime. Send 15c in stamp. for curreat iiau.. ' Mrs. Shotwell was a member of the Council staff in 1931-1932 in the Colo- PUBUCATIOMSJHG (Concluded on page 518.) Harrisburg, Pa.

MISSIONARY A missionary to West China voices The great white Empresses

REVIEW OF THE WORLD the view of many missionaries who every speed record to and from are at isolated stations and so are the Orient. 10 days direct to DBUVAN L. PmRBON, B4tto,. deprived of the rich privileges we en- Yokohama by Empress of Asia joy at home. A small living income, or Empress of Russia. Or only VOL. LXI Nov., 1938 No. 11 with heavy expenses, also makes it three days more via Hawaii by difficult for them to buy books and Empress of Japan, largest and Publication and Business 01llce– magazines and they have no public fastest on the Pacific, or Empress Third and Reily Ste., Harrisburg, Pa. libraries. The following letter sug- of Canada. Connect at Honolulu gests a field for loving service: from California ports. Editorial and Executive 01llce– From Vancouver and Victoria 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. "We have been so delighted with to Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, Entered as second-class matter at THE REVIEW . . . Please enter our Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila. subscription so that we will not miss Details from YOUR TRAVEL Post 01llce, Harrisburg, P •., under any issue. It is a source of spiritual AGENT or Canadian Pacific.: Act of March 3, 1879. power and an inspiration to us. 41 offices in U. S. and Canada.

25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. "R. H. THOMAS, Yunnan, China. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Published monthly, except August. * * .. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1938. British agents – Marshall, Morgan A leader in the church in America and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings. volunteers the following: London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy. 10 shillings a year. "There is no magazine which comes to my desk which'I read with more MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- intense interest than the REVIEW. You LISHING CO., INC. are doing a wonderful piece of work BOARD OF DIRECTORS in editing this magazine, and keep- ing the Christian world in touch with ROBERT E. SPEER, Pre,ident the whole realm of missionary ac- A. L. WA.RNBHUIB, Vioe-Pre,ident tivity. I thought the September num- WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer ber especially good." DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary PAUL J. BRAISTED JOHN TIMOTHY STONE, President of the Presbyterian SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT Theological Seminary, Chi- D. J. FANT cago.

MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD *** WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH We can never preach the Gospel SAMUEL M. ZWRMRR with power until we get over the caste spirit. If all Christian workers are Editorial Chat not cured of our spiritual aristocracy, God never will give us the power of The four hundred or more delegates the Holy Spirit in winning souls. to the International Missionary Coun- Peter could not go down to that housecil will soon meet in Madras, India, hold in Caesarea and preach the Gosfor two weeks' conference (December pel with power until he had learned 13 td 30). They, face a difficult situa- that any man, woman, or child in the tion at home and in many mission wide world to whom God sends His fields. The influence and pronounce- Gospel is on equality of right and ments of this conference of leaders privilege with the proudest nobles of should be far-reaching. THE REVIEW the earth. ARTHUR T. PIERSON. has asked a number of delegates to write impressions of the conference Personal Items and to secure papers from those who make the most important contributions (Concluded from second cover.) -especially native Christian leaders from each field. Among those who are rado migrant camps and during the to give our readers their views of the succeeding years as a teacher devoted situation and their reactions to the her summers to working in migrant conference discussions are: Dr. John projects in California, Oregon, and R. Mott (Chairman), Dr. Paul W. Washington. Harrison of Arabia, Dr. Frank W. Price of China, Mr. Kenneth Grubb of Dr. Mary E. *Sha*nn*on, Principal of the World Dominion Movement, Dr. H. Kerr Taylor of Nashville and Dr. Isabella Thoburn College at Lucknow, H. Kraemer of Holland. These are re- India, has been awarded the Kaiser-iquested to give us not only their own Hind medal, for conspicuous public views, but the views of Nationals service. Miss Shannon has presented from various lands. Later we will her resignation from the college, to announce the plans made to present take effect early in 1939. the most vital themes discussed at Madras before the churches in Amer- Americans are too prone to identify ica. Do not miss these reports. the Kingdom of God with democratic liberalism: There may be a place in *** the Kingdom of God for the Authori- tarian State; but there can be no N ow is the time to plan for Christ- place for the Totalitarian State.- mas. Nothing you can send to a mis- Rev. Howard Chandler Robbins, New sionary friend (at home or abroad) York. or to a pastor or other intelligent Christian friend will be of greater The Church has denied the univerinterest and value, to keep them in- sality of Christianity by its divisions formed on world conditions and the over doctrine, race and nationality. progress of Christianity, than a year's It has itself erected the barriers that subscription to THE REVIEW. (Note separate Christianity from Christ.- our special offer on the back cover of T. Z. Koo, Shanghai, China. this issue.) [ 513]

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AMERICAN-ARABIAN MISSION-MASON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, BAHRAIN NEGLECTED ARABIA-A STffEET SCENE IN HOFUF-HASA (see article by Dr. S. M. Zwemer-page 519) REVIB ORLD VOLUME LXI AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 11 NOVEMBER, 1938 Topics of the Times THE PRESENT CRISIS IN ASIA program for a representative government under About fifty years ago, a book was published an Indian parliament. Mr. Gandhi, Jawaharlal which greatly influenced the missionary thinking Nehru and other leaders cannot agree on a plan and activity of the Christian Church. It was fo~ effecti,:e cooperation. Suspicion and jealousy stir up strIfe among Moslems, Hindus Sikhs and called "The Crisis of Missions," * and was the re- Christians in the desire for a controlli'ng voice in the government. Proportionate representation in sult of a careful study of world conditions and the parliament is a great bone of contention. opportunity before the Christian Church. At that time doors long closed were opening to the mes- A year ago the political problem in China sengers of Christ in all lands. God was calling but seemed on the way to a satisfactory solution, with the Church was giving only a feeble response- Sun Yat Sen's "Principles" to guide the national not more than ten thousand missionaries to the program, and with strong unselfish Christian leadten hundred million unevangelized. One out of ership in the government. Then came the Japaevery 15,000 Protestants was a missionary and nese absorption of Manchuria and the cruel and the annual gifts for work abroad amounted to only unwarranted invasion of China by the Japanese about $10,000,000. In the next ten or fifteen war machine. Meanwhile Western nations look years the number of missionaries doubled and the supinely on, with disapproval but still supply gifts multiplied four fold. A spiritual awakening Japan with war materials for the murderous camalso came to Christians at home; prayer and mis- paign. In the midst of this agonizing strife China sionary training increased; the progress of the is more united than ever before. Gospel in many lands was rapid and transforming. Then came the World War which resulted But Japan too is passing through a political in a great slump in the spiritual life of the crisis. With the military dictatorship in control churches. Non-Christian nations became more and the fear of communism ever present; with the suspicious of outside influences and were more common people kept in ignorance of the real eager for self-determination in politics, education situation; with the theory of a "divine Emperor" and religion. But the seeds of Truth had been hanging in the balance, and with growing antagplanted; Christ had been preached and His life onism and distrust between Japan and most of the had been exemplified so that the work has con- countries of Europe and America-no one can tell what a day may bring forth. Korea has already tinued to grow. felt the evil effects of this political despotism and Today there is a new crisis in Asia. Anyone there everything is being Japanized by force.

even slightly informed can see the dangers and The social and economic crisis in Asia is also the opportunities, especially in Moslem lands, in appar~nt. India is continually fighting poverty, India, in China and in Japan. The turning of the but wIth some success under British guidance. The tide in one direction means retrogression or dis- caste system, which has been her bane, shows aster; turned Godward it means progress and signs of breaking down under the leadership of new life. The crisis in these lands is threefold- Dr. Ambedkar and through the preaching of the political, social and economic, educational and re- Gospel of Christ. Fifty years ago what is taking place today-with the opening of schools and publigious. lic wells and government positions to outcastes- The political crisis in India is due to the mlw * "The Crisis of Missions," by Arthur T, Pierson, published In would have been thought impossible.

1886, went through many editions, [ 515]

In China, the fear of communism has passed- who declares that although he was born a Hindu if Japanese aggression can be stopped. Public he will not die a Hindu.

improvements in roads and other means of com- Enough has been said to call attention to the munication; the development of natural resources present crisis in these great nations of Asia. It and trade, and the improvement in social ideals is a time of danger and of opportunity-of danger were showing great progress-and then came lest the people retrograde into confusion, depres- Japan as an instrument of destruction. But sion and opposition to Christ and His program; China's power to resist and to recuperate has been a time of opportunity when through vital union proved through the centuries. with Christ they may be brought through to true The social and economic situation in Japan and liberty and peace, to social and economic progress Korea is serious. The war is estimated to cost and to new spiritual life and power.

Japan $5,000,000 a day and the people are feeling The Way to Victory the depression more and more. They are being heavily taxed and are commanded to omit all lux- What is the way of victory? Politically it is not uries and many things considered necessities. the way of greater armies, navies and air bat- Hundreds of thousands of wage earners are being talions; it is not by accepting the supremacy of killed in China. Koreans also are suffering ac- communistic, fascist, or socialistic lead~rs; it is cutely from Japanese taxation and exploitation. not even through pacifism or a peaceful struggle The Educational and Spiritual Crisis for political control. Christ and the apostles lived in a time of political oppression and the de- The educational and spiritual crisis in Asia is pendence on armed force, but they sought peace intimately linked with the political and economic by obedience to laws that did not defy the laws situation. Materialism and atheism are strug- of God, by love that suffers long and is kind and gling against Christ and His principles of love, by preaching Christ as the Saviour and Lord of justice and freedom. all. "When the foundations are destroyed, what can the righteous do?" They can stilI be right- In Japan and Korea, Christian education is eous, trust God and stand true to Him-even unto threatened with extinction, as emperor worship death. and attendance at the Shinto shrines is being required of Christians and non-Christians alike. Socially and economically the way of victory is Japanese and Koreans were fast becoming edu- not by a new social setup or through the adoption cated in Christian truth, enlightened customs and of certain economic principles-for self-seeking ideals, but now the government is fast taking all men to disregard. In the time of Christ, social ineducation under its control and is depriving the justice was everywhere apparent, slavery and people of the religious liberty promised by the poverty prevailed and there was a great gulf beconstitution. The alternative is being offered- tween the rich and the poor. Christians met the Baal or Jehovah, Diana or Christ, God as re- crisis not by advocating 3 redistribution of wealth, vealed in the Bible or Shinto. or even the immediate liberation of slaves, but by proclaimIng the law of love, by preaching and In China, in the midst of political and economic practicing justice and by showing that God is no distress, there seems to be a spiritual awakening respector of persons. They revealed the truth that and greater religious freedom. Whereas Christian riches consist not in accumulated wealth but that teaching was excluded from the schools under re- character and contentment come from honest toil, cent laws, the loyalty of Christians and the sacri- brotherly dealings and an unselfish, wise steward- ficial service of missionaries in caring for the ship of time, talents and possessions.

wounded and destitute has now brought permis- The educational and spiritual needs were seen sion to make Christian teaching a part of school in the days of the early Church. These needs were and college curriculums. Spiritual revivals and met, not by great united campaigns or by the a new earnestness in prayer and new power in establishment of institutions, they were met by Christian testimony are reported from all over uplifting Christ and by teaching His truth to all China today. so that new desires and ambitions were awakened, India, too, is in a spiritual crisis. Hinduism new life and power were imparted and the call of seems to be making a desperate last stand. Evan- God was heard for the establishment of a new gelistic campaigns are spreading and several thou- order.

sands every month are coming forward to confess The secret of meeting every crisis effectively- Christ. The dissatisfaction of Depressed Classes be it political, social, economic, educational, spirit- with Hinduism may lead to a tremendous exodus ual, national, missionary or personal-is to take into the Christian or possibly into the Moslem God into account; it is to bring men and women fold. Many take the position of Dr. Ambedkar into such vital relation to God through Christ,

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

that new life will come to them, with new aims territory with over 15,000,000 inhabitants. These and energy, new intelligence and a keen desire include Czechs of Bohemia (Monrovia and Sefor knowledge; a new sense of justice; new love lesia) Slovaks, Germans, Poles, Jews, Russians, for God and man and new power to carry out His Hungarians and other races ,and nationalities. Twoprogram. Is there any other way? thirds are Czechoslovaks. The predominant re- ligion is Roman Catholic; they are reported to THE PLIGHT OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA number ten million. Under President Masaryk the country enjoyed prosperity for twenty years. Before 1918 there was no political division in Multitudes have left the Roman Catholic church to Europe named Czechoslovakia. The land and become Protestants who number about 1,130,000. people were a part of Austria-Hungary for three hundred years. Then came the Versailles Treaty What should be the attitude of Christians in and as a penalty for fighting a losing warfare such a crisis? What would be the attitude of Austria-Hungary was divided, part of the terri- Christ? While we have obligations to the govtory and people going to Rumania and Poland, ernment and the land in which we live, our true part to the new nations of Hungary and Yugo- dtizenship is not of this world. The basis for our slavia and part to Czechoslovakia. The people peace and welfare is not a human government of seemed satisfied with this allocation and Prof. our own choosing. Some of the greatest Chris- T. G. Masaryk, the high-minded and wise patriot tians have been developed under most unfavorwas elected the first president. All seemed to go able circumstances-in the ancient Roman Emwell while the nations were struggling to recover pire, in Russia, in France and Spain during days from the economic effects of the war and while of persecution, in Turkey under the Sultan, and Germany was weak and unarmed. Now, twenty in every mission field where Christianity has years after the war ended and peace treaties sought to gain a foothold. Christ Himself warned were signed, the provisions of the Treaty of His disciples that in this world they must ex- Versailles relating to Czechoslovakia are scrapped. pect hardship and persecution; He called Saul the Germany, under the dominating leadership of persecutor to become His missionary, showing Adolph Hitler, has rearmed in such a formidable him, not what a comfortable successful time he way that the Reich feels strong enough to disre- would have, but "how great things he must suffer" gard other European nations. After taking over for the sake of Christ. all of Austria, without a battle, he has demanded large sections of Czechoslovakia where "Sudeten Christians and the Christian Church are called Germans" are living, and has captured their ter- to work unfalteringly for a better world, to preach ritory under threat of a general European war. and practice peace; to feed the hungry, heal the Already he has marched in to take possession of sick, care for the fatherless and widows; to preach fortifications, cities, health resorts, natural re- and practice righteousness and brotherly love in sources, and many industrial plants on which the the name of Christ and in the power of the Holy Czechoslovakian Government has depended for Spirit. In Czechoslovakia, as in Spain and Ethieconomic and military strength. The end is not opia, in China and Korea, Christians pray for yet; while the four parties to the new agreement- courage as they face conflicts and ungodly human Germany, France, Great Britain and Italy-have dictators; they are not discouraged in the midst supposedly guaranteed the new boundaries of the of trials; true followers of Christ will witness to shrinking republic, Herr Hitler is not satisfied. Him and will resolve to love even their enemies He sees that the other nations fear modern war- and to pray for rulers and for those who "despitefare and its terrible results, as he does not, and fully use and persecute them." Czechoslovakia and therefore he stands ready to demand more conces- other lands may be ravaged by war and torn by sions to add to his territory in Europe-and fire, sword and pestilence but the life of the probably will demand a return of former German Christian is "hid with Christ in God." colonies. Poland and Hungary also are demanding slices of Czechoslovakia inhabited by some of War is a taste of hell on earth but there is sometheir people. It is as though Mexico were strong thing even worse than the mental and physical enough to demand United States territory in the horrors of warfare-namely the utter spiritual southwest, in which Mexicans have made their homes. The Czechoslovaks were ready to fight darkness of those whose lives are alienated from for their land but could not do it alone, when God. There is much that Christians can do for abandoned by their allies who had guaranteed the suffering people of Czechoslovakia, and of their boundaries. other stricken lands, in this hour of their dire Czechoslovakia has had 54,250 square miles of need. Christian love is not merely a pious senti- ment, it is a divine dynamic that operates for practical and Godlike ends.

SO THIS IS INDIA TODAY* strong even where the leaders themselves are not "The earthquakes that have rattled our bun- Christians. galow are as nothing compared with the movements which are changing the whole life of Agriculture and industry: India has resources, India," writes an experienced missionary in look- physical and spiritual, that are undeveloped by ing over the scene-political, social, and religious any of her old religions. These schools are a part -which now confronts Christian forces. "I have of the answer which missionaries are making to never seen the foundations of society shaken as the question, "How important are 700,000 villages they are today." and their inhabitants?"

India has a population three times that of the It is impossible to separate the work of the United States; 200 languages in use; climate Kingdom of God into given classifications. The ranging from tropical to subarctic; a rigid social doctor and the nurse, the industrial teacher and and religious system which is now giving way the rural expert, the minister and the woman: before modern conditions; five widespread re- evangelist, the teacher and the administrative ligions, besides innumerable minor faiths. In the officer, are but parts of the whole force of Chrismidst of all this we find that Christianity is in- tians who have put their gifts of trained and decreasing much more rapidly in proportion than voted lives at the service of Christ to make India a part of the Kingdom which shall not end.

the population! These few facts underly the cur- rent work in India. Behind the familiar state- THE CRISIS AMONG NEGROES ments are rapid changes in life and psychology such as have never before confronted India. According to President Mordecai Johnson of Howard University in Washington, D. C., the Christians set the standards for the education Negro is in a worse state today than he was beand training of women, and the women of India fore the depression, and in the most precarious are responding with zeal and unselfishness. Chris- position he has been since 1880. Dr. Johnson tians set standards for the improvement of village feels that his people are likely to lose in the next life; for lifting the level of rural millions above ten years the greater proportion of all they have the line of desperate poverty; for care of body gain~d, unless steps are taken to avert this disand soul in hospitals and clinics. Education is aster. This is an opinion to challenge the attenmore widespread, leadership for and by the mem- tion of every public-minded citizen, and every bers of the Depressed Classes is vigorous and friend of our Negro millions. The problem of vocal. The high percentage of illiteracy has made providing work for the vast reservoir of unemthe goal of Christian workers "Every Christian ployed Negro labor rising out of the maladjusta reader by 1941." "Never mind lunch," was the ments of the cotton plantation system in the South cry of a group of women. "We can get food later; is a colossal one to attack, and one far out of the we can't get a teacher when this meeting is over!" scope of anyone church to solve. The Church must be aware tha.t such a problem exists, else Medical work: Missionary doctors (men and how can it help to create a public opinion which women) and nurses, work with an Indian staff of will demand that some national attempt at a soludoctors and nurses in hospitals and dispensaries. tion be made? The problem resolves itself into a They treat tuberculosis and leprosy as well as the concern about educated young Negroes, willing more common ills of India. and eager to work at anything that will pay a liv- ing wage, unable to find a niche, rebuffed and hu- Schools and universities: Union and denomina- miliated frequently in the search for honest work, tional colleges and schools are scattered over all India.

Evangelistic work is conducted in evangelistic and excluded from most of the opportunities to meetings, in churches, schools and hospitals. earn a decent living. Many possibilities are auto- Mass movements are again in progress as they matically closed to the young Negro and he starts were a generation ago. Political as well as social out with a defeatist attitude, knowing that he will influence is largely against these movements, ow- be lucky to work into some elevator or service'

ing to the fact that voters are registered by reli- job; that there are not even too many of these, gion. If means were at hand to train them, the and that he will automatically get less money for missions could use many more Indian evangelistic his work than his white neighbor.

workers to help to seize so great an opportunity. What the Church can do is problematic; what Women's work: Women are making history in individuals can do is just as complicated; but India, from political leaders to village workers. there is one thing all can do-we can become in- Some are Christians but the Christian influence is formed and interested. Each person can examine his own practical Christianity.

• Extracts from Monday Morning, a weekly paper for Presbyterian -Virginia Ray, in the Presbyterian Tribune. pastors.

A New Survey of Neglected Arabia*

By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Princeton, New Jersey -.~ Author of "Arabia, the Cradle of Islam," etc., etc., one of the ~- Founders of the Arabian Mission of the Reformed Church in America FIFTY years ago the tragic death of Ian Keith- The backward s·tate of the "As·ir highlands, intended Falconer at Aden called the attention of the by nature to be a paradise, is the inevitable result of world to Arabia. His memorable words man's inability to live at peace with his neighbors." Yet stirred the student world of his day: "While vast here nature and man h.ave cer.tainly combined to create a continents are shrouded in almost utter darkness scene of astonishing beauty, and it seemed to me that man had actually outdone nature in their friendly rivalry.

and hundreds of millions suffer the horrors of Imagine a great tableland thrust up to a height of 9000heathenism and Islam, the burden of proof rests 9500 feet, towering above the tumbled mountains and upon you to show that the circumstances in which valleys of the Tihama on one side and the endless expanse God has placed you were meant by Him to keep of mountains and desert on the other. The surface of the p·lateau, plunging steeply down on one side in a series of you out of the foreign field." splendid buttresses, slopes gently on th.e other in the The burden of the unoccupied areas of the curves of graceful valleys, forming huge theaters, for world rested on the Edinburgh Missionary Con- which man has provided the seats in terrace after terference nearly thirty years later. (Witness the race of cornfields. In the middle of Jurie the corn was ripe, and I shall never forget that scene of golden ears report and the literature on the subject at that soughing and howing under the gentle· breeze, terrace time.) The subject was practically shelved at the after terrace, down the mighty flanks of those moun- Jerusalem Council Meeting in 1928, and the sur- tains, whose steeper slopes nature had reserved for her vey by Charles H. Fahs was not even printed in own planting-a dense forest of junipers and other trees the eight-volume report. Now the World Domin- extending down to the 7500-foot level. And in the fields and forest the !birds rejoiced.

ion Movement, in its series of Survey Volumes, The natural boundaries of Arabia are not in has laid emphasis not only on what the Christian degrees of lattitude or longitude. The great "Is- Church has done and is doing, but especially upon land of the Arabs," as they themselves call it, has the vast unfinished task and the great unoccupied its geographical and historical area accurately areas. Their latest volmne deals with Arabia- expressed in the thrice repeated promise of the long neglected and now the hardest battleground Old Testament "from sea to sea and from the in the spiritual conflict with Islam. Dr. Harold I. Storm (who is chiefly respon- river unto the ends of the earth." Iraq and sible for the Survey and has written all of the Transjordania are of Arab speech, race and trachapters except one, which is by Mrs. Storm) dition; the great northern desert has been the has probably traveled more widely across the tenting ground of the Arab since the dawn of Arabian peninsula than any other missionary. history.

His recent tour took him across the peninsula Dr. Storm's survey is the first complete survey from east to west and inland to Asir, Yemen, and of Arabia today as a mission field. Until the year the cities of Hadramaut. The beautiful photo- 1889, this vast area was considered a closed land. graphic illustrations in this volume reveal some- Dr. Eugene Stock, then Secretary of the Church thing of the variety of Arabian landscape. Missionary Society, in an address at the Ecu- Arabia is not all desert. It has fertility and menical Missionary Conference held in New York beauty. H. St. John Philby has recently made an in 1900, said: "The greatest of all these unen- extensive journey to the Land of Sheba (Geo- tered countries, which is very rarely mentioned graphical Journal, July, 1938) through the great in missionary accounts, is Arabia. There is that Wady of Nejran, where Christians died martyrs great Arab race, the children of Abraham as before the days of Mohammed. Here is his pic- much as are the Jews, waiting for the Gospel; ture of one unoccupied province of Arabia. Does but we cannot get in to preach it. The Lord will it not come as a challenge?: open that door when we have entered the doors • "Whither Arabia?" By Harold Storm, M.D., IIlus. $1.50. Pub- already open." Why did this missionary stateslished by the World Dominion Movement, New York and London. man and historian consider Arabia "the great- [ 519]

est" of all the unoccupied fields and speak of «the Dr. Storm shows that the Arabs are a great great Arab race"? race in origin and destiny, and are capable of great achievement. Physically they are undoU'bt- Of all the lands comparable to Arabia in size, edly one of the strongest races of the world, a and of all the peoples who in any way approach survival of the fittest in an environment that kills the Arabs in historical interest and influence, no off the weaklings. The character, influence and country and no nationality (as Prof. Hitti re- literature of the Arabic language witnesses to the .marks) has received "so little consideration and genius of the people and of their prophet Moham- study in modern times as have Arabia and the med, through his book. A certain degree of sim- Arahs." Arabia is one of the great Bible lands, ilarity in human character, and an even greater has an area of a million square miles and is the similarity of language and custom and religion, probable cradle of the Semitic race which has prevails over the entire area where Arab migra- given the world its three great theistic faiths: tion brought Islam in its early conquest. Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Who can say whether what happened in the The Arabs have been world-conquerors and ex- seventh century may not occur again in the twen- plorers. They traveled from the Pillars of Her- tieth, if Christ should capture the Arab heart and cules (Gibraltar) to the coasts of China and in Arabs become messengers of the Gospel as, they the period of their greatest expansion "assim- once were of the Koran? ilated to their creed, speech and even physical type more aliens than any stock before or since, The exploration and mapping of the Arabian not excepting the Hellenic, the Roman, the Anglo- peninsula has made vast strides during and since Saxon or the Russian." Israel's tradition in the the World War. When Hogarth wrote his book, "The Penetration of Arabia," there were still A GORGE IN THE TUWAIG MOUNTAINS, ARABIA large areas unexplored and unmapped. Since the time of Doughty, the work of men like Lawrence, Old Testament reveals most intimate relations Shakespeare, Cheeseman, Rutter, Philby, Freya with Arabia and Arab life, both on their eastern Stark, Vander Meulen, and last but not least, frontier and on the south, even to distant Ha- Bertram Thomas, have given us a picture of dramaut; The Hebrew literary genius, as Dr. Arabia and its inhabitants with very few gaps Macdonald has indicated, also shows kinship with remaining. But this latest survey by Dr. Storm Arabia. 'Their literature throughout all their his- is a missionary survey of the field. tory, and to this day, in its method of production and in its recorded forms is of Arab scheme and The new forces that have at last stirred it may type." An index of all the Scriptural references now arouse patriarchal and nomad Arabia from to Arabia and Arabian Bedouin life includes its stagnation. The tide of Western trade and twenty-five books of the Old and five of the New culture came after the earliest missionary occupa- _ Testaments. tion fifty years ago, and has made the task of evangelization at once easier and yet more dif- There is no land in the world and no people ficult. All Arabia faces a new future and this (with the exception of Palestine and the Jews) volume may well ask "whither?". which bear such close relation to the Theocratic covenants and Old Testament promises as do A recent British writer weighs the question: Arabia and the Arabs. The divine promises for "The desert is undoubtedly the clue to the history the final victory of the Kingdom of God in Arabia of the Arabs. Relentless yet free, it has made the are many, definite and glorious. These promises Arab what he is, essentially virile, essentially group themselves around seven names which have chivalrous, essentially spendthrift, essentially fa- from time immemorial been identified with the talistic. Critics have said that the Arab is so lazy peninsula of Arabia: Ishmael, Kedar, N ebaioth, that he has largely made his own deserts rather Sheba, Seba, Midian and Ephah. than that the deserts have made him. Such critics are uJikind and superficial." He goes on to point out that today the Arab has changed. He has a broader horizon and a new sense of nationalism. The Arab is potentially a traveler and has made history outside of Arabia. The excellent maps that accompany the Survey indicate at once the tribal disunity of Arabia and its religious, social and linguistic unity.

As Dr. Storm points out, every year the motor car is penetrating further into neglected Arabia. Communications between every part of the Penin- sula were never so rapid and universal. The

A NEW SURVEY OF NEGLECTED ARABIA

Arabic papers and books from Cairo, Beirut, station is a majority. Arithmetic fails when you Damascus, and Baghdad reach every part of the deal with spiritual realities. Yet it is the im- Peninsula. Surely all this is a challenge to hasten ponderable forces of the Spirit of God which will the work of Christian evangelization. Thirteen determine victory or defeat in Arabia. The three centuries of history prove that there is little hope principal missions in the peninsula are the Amerfor Arabia in Islam. ican Mission on the Persian Gulf, the United Church of Scotland at Aden, and the Danish REPLACING THE ARABIAN CAMEL Church Mission in Yemen. The number of Chris- Longest motor coach in the world-carrying passengers from tians connected with these missions is very small, but their faith and faithfulness is very great. Damascus to Baghdad. Here is a book that truly tells of "Faith" Mis- sions! What Islam has done and has not done for the land of its birth can be read in the fascinating Because we believe that the imponderables of bO.Qks of unprejudiced explorers who, from the the Kingdom of Light are on our side, we believe days of Burckhardt and Niebuhr until those of that "opportunity" is not the last word in mis- Philby and Freya Stark, penetrated the vast sions. The appeal of the closed door is often even peninsula and have portrayed not only the land greater than that of the one which is open. The but the people. Doughty's two volumes are an en- open door beckons; the closed door may be a chalcyclopedia on the effect of Islam in molding the lenge to God's authority. It is the strength of character of the desert Arab. There could be no these imponderable forces-that is to say the stranger indictment of Islam than the fruit of reality of the Invisible, which enables the misthat faith in the character and lives of the Arabs sionary beneath the walls of an Arabian city, or as Doughty portrays them. in its borderlands, to look upward with confidence and to see by faith the future result of his toil in The present Survey does not deal very largely "the great multitude which no man could numwith Islam as a religion but points out the suc- ber"-a world where statistics are inadequate to cess and the further urgent opportunity for express realities, where finance and budgets have Christian missions, especially medical missions. lost all significance and gold is used for paving Dr. and Mrs. Storm are very modest in pointing stones. out what has been achieved in the past five decades. One cannot measure success here by statis- Success is not always measured by numbers tics, although we have tables and figures of nor victory by majorities. "Not by might nor by schools, hospitals and dispensaries. The Arabian peninsula, seen from the back of a camel, is much MODERN AIRPLANE TRAVEL IN ARABIA larger than on the map. Here "one dot may represent 10,000 Moslems"; there, one Moslem power, but by my Spirit, saith the Lord." Here represents ten thousand difficulties in evangelism. is a new challenge to students in our colleges for Some things cannot be put into tables and figures. the great adventure. After you read this "New You cannot tabulate loneliness nor plot the curve Survey," help to pray through to a successful conof hope deferred which makes the heart sick. Yet clusion the task that God has set before His these are the things that make the difference be- Church in this great and still neglected peninsula. tween the shedding of ink and the shedding of blood. The end of the geographical and ethnological survey is only the beginning of the missionary enterprise. One man with God at a mission

and Romance in Czechoslovakia

By REV. JOSEPH NOVOTNY, D.D., International Baptist Seminary, East Orange, N. ,.

1'. DECENTLY the little democracy of central of the "Unitas Fratrum," and introduced believ- Europe, Czechoslovakia, has become front er's baptism into the Bohemian Brethren Church. page news. In spite of the general interest Count Tolstoy professed himself his admirer and aroused, few readers seem to be acquainted with disciple. The Bohemian Brethren Church of old the country, its problems and the present religious is sometimes called today "the most beautiful situation. blossom on the tree of Christianity since the time According to one of the best Czechoslovakian of the apostles." Comenius was the great religious leader of the "Unitas Fratrum," the teacher of historians, Dr. Kamil Krofta, the foreign minister nations, who was called to Harvard as president, of the Czechoslovakian Government, the Czecho- is a man who is not valued enough. We are only slovaks were already in the present countries beginning to understand what he meant, not only which form Czechoslovakia as early as the second, for the Czechoslovaks but for the culture of the or perhaps in the first, century of the Christian era. world. The Moravian Church of today has its In the fourth century, when people were seek- origin in the work of Chelcicky and Comenius.

ing new homes, and the Slavs, the most numerous Czechoslovaks are the only Slavs who adopted white race in the world who had their cradle in the Reformation and followed it for two hundred the south of Russia, divided into different groups. years. It was an eminently religious country, The Czechoslovaks, although comparatively few "The Land of Book and Cup." There is a proverb, in number, showed the greatest energy and went which has its origin in the time of Hus: "The furthest west of all the Slavs. A few who went Husitic woman knows the Bible better than the further were drowned in the German Sea. The priest." The Czechoslovaks printed the first Czechoslovak land looks like a finger of the great Bible in a living tongue-New Testament in 1475, Slav hand pointing other Slavs to Western culture the whole Bible in 1488, in Prague. For the man of which he became the interpreter. Being the who daily reads and meditates in the Bible they center of Europe, and having high mountains as a coined a word, pismak, which cannot be translated natural frontier, the Czechoslovak was able, dur- into any other language. Nowhere is the Lord's ing the many hundreds of years of Germanizing Supper held in higher esteem than among the efforts of his neighbors, to remain a Czechish Czechoslovaks. The old independent Protestant peninsula in the German Sea. His chief connec- Czech State was a land of liberty, with the kingtion with his Slav brethren has been the Poles to democrat, George of Podebrad, who was a Czechothe north. slovak citizen, chosen king because of his spiritual The Czechoslovaks accepted Christianity as nobility. This Reformation movement was transpreached to them by the two Greek brethren, planted into Slovakia so that half of the popula- Cyrill and Methodius. This fact is the reason tion became Protestants and they use the Czech why the Czechoslovaks, while for the most part Bible and hymnals today. Roman Catholics, have not been strong followers Another fact which shows the missionary spirit of Rome. of the Czechoslovaks in the dawn of the Reforma- The Protestant Reformation ideas took root in tion, is of spiritual interest to all Anglo-Saxons. Bohemia and in the other Czechoslovak territory. When Scotland was still Roman Catholic, but had The greatest man that the Czechoslovak nation some friends of Reformation ideas, they sent to produced, John Hus, was not the first or only re- Prague a message in which they asked for a former. He had many forerunners. His clever representation of the Reformation ideas in the colleague was Jerome of Prague, and his spiritual cradle of Reformation. The Czechs sent a whole successor, Peter Chelcicky, a man who was born expedition, the leader of which, Pavel Kravar, was too soon, an apostle of world peace and separation professor in the Prague University. In his adoptof State and Church. He was the spiritual father ed country he became known as Paul Crawer, or [522 ] LlTBUAN7A·…,~ R U S S I A i,i .,;•J • MOSCOW • "~L" .-….'r""'~-Y.""'-.., iI" uK RAI N.E .A·,. "• Scale of Miles 100 200 30, 0 40, 0 THE THEATER OF TUR'MOIL IN EUROPE TODAY A Herald-Tribu.ne map showing the portions of Czechoslovakia acquired by Germany. These areas comprise about 11,500 square miles (nearly the size of Belgium), with 3,500,000 inhabitants, living along the Western, Northern and Southern boundaries.

Craw; he preached the Gospel in Scotland for tants in Bohemia by Roman Catholic Austria. The three years, and was burned as a heretic at St, Andrews in 1433. Jesuits and soldiers entered the land and tried to Peter Paine, an early English Reformer, who "convert" the people with sword and fire. They was banned from his native country because of his "heretic" beliefs, found a refuge in the free beheaded twenty-seven Czech religious leaders country of Bohemia, and died there in peace, known as "Brother English." The center and spir- and passed a law that everybody who would not itual stronghold of the Reformation ideas was the Czech University of Prague, the oldest one in be Roman Catholic must leave the country or Central Europe, founded in 1348. die. Many died, many left the country without When America was discovered, and many left their homeland to seek gold, the Czechoslovaks their property, so that although Bohemia, before revealed a thirst after pure religion, and sent abroad an expedition to find the best Christians in the Thirty Years' war, had over three millions of the world and to bring home their experience. inhabitants, after the war there were left only Meanwhile the religious divisions were serious. When civil war broke out in 1618, the Austrians eight hundred thousand people. The property of invaded the land and the tragic battle near Prague was a precursor of the end of the inde- the Protestant Czechs (which amounted to five pendent Protestant Czechoslovak State. Emperor Ferdinand of Austria proclaimed that he would hundred million gold crowns, according to the rather see Czechoslovakia a desert than a Protestant country. Few pages of history show such a historian, Bilek) was given to the Roman Catholic dark record as those of the persecution of Protes- Church, nobility, and the Emperor. Three hun- dred years of persecution followed, the history of which a Czech can read only with a bleeding heart.

The Roman Catholic German-Austrians largely succeeded in turning the Czech Protestant land into a Roman Catholic country.

To make the nation forget their national hero, John Hus, the Jesuits brought out a fictitious John (Nepomuk), and named him the nation's patron saint in 1729. .

A dark period followed in Czech history. In

the forests and mountains remained the true out of three who were born in the last year of the pismaks, readers of the Bible, although the Bible war died because of the weakness of their mothwas proclaimed a forbidden book which the ers. In spite of this persecution, the nation kept Jesuits told the people not to read and many were the motto of John Hus: "Woe to those who, for a taken away by force. In order that Catholic serv- piece of bread, sell the truth." ants might not touch the "poisoned books," they carried them in chains, and the priests burned When the war was near at an end, the Czechothem in the churchyards. One Jesuit leader pro- slovaks couldwait no longerfor thearmistice. When claimed openly that he (Konias) had burned sixty they saw that their oppressor grew weaker and thousand Bohemian Bibles and Protestant re- the Allies stronger, they thought that the moment ligious books. In order to find hidden Bibles it is had arrived for their liberation. On the twentyrecorded that the Jesuits used to wear shoes with eighth of October, 1918, Prague was aroused to nails when they went to the fields where the peo- enthusiasm. Crowds crying, "Liberty! Hurrah ple were working barefoot. Trampling on their for the Allies!" were marching through the feet, they asked where they kept their Bibles. streets. People went about kissing and embracing People often went from one village where there each other. The Czechoslovaks are proud that was no Bible to a village where there still was a their greatest day in history was not stained by a Bible and offered a loaf of bread to be allowed to single drop of blood, even by the "enemy." The read and learn parts by heart, in order to share Austro-Germans feared the day of liberation its contents with their neighbors when they re- would be a day of vengence-therefore they turned. closed the doors and windows of their houses in fear. But the new government sent messengers In these dark th'ree hundred years the Protes- to the Germans to open their houses, with the tant Czechoslovaks had to fight Vienna and Rome, message that they need not be afraid as the nation that together tried to Germanize and to Roman- did not intend to persecute anybody in the new ize the nation. Therefore it came about that every State. Czechoslovak was filled with a" hatred against this dualism, and as he read history the antago- When Czechoslovakia was liberated, it seemed nism was doubled. only natural that the national liberation should be crowned by a religious liberation. The Czecho- The Effect of the World War slovak Government prescribed for the first time in the new state a" census, to record to what The third period of the Czechoslovak nation nationality each one belonged, and what religion starts at the moment with the great World War. he professed. It was natural that every Czechoslovak resolved to side with the Allies against Austria; their op- In the old Austria it was not easy to leave the pressor. The leader of the nation, Prof. T. G. Roman Catholic Church, but after the World War, Masaryk, wisely foresaw that a revolution would there was proclaimed complete religious liberty. mean suicide. Therefore he recommended that Many Czechoslovaks, even nominal Roman Cathsome of the leaders go abroad to cooperate with olics, were ashamed to say that they belonged to the Allies, and others stay at home to lead the the Church which had "burned the greatest people. Regiments were organized in Russia, Czechoslovak that ever lived," John Hus; the France, Italy, and America. As a result the Al- church which "robbed our greatest men of their lies recognized the right of the Czechoslovaks for property," and had either killed them or sent independence. them abroad as beggars.

Austria endeavored to punish the Czechoslovaks They said: "We cannot read the history of our for their thirst after freedom and the children nation without feeling ashamed that we besuffered especially. As one poet said: "Who saw long to those who destroyed the whole life of our the sufferings of men, did not see anything, he nation." must see the sufferings of the women; who saw the sufferings of women, did not see anything, Many people (perhaps one-third) left the Rohe must see the sufferings of children." The chil- man Catholic Church during this movement and dren sought for bits of food in ashes, or begged the process is not at an end. While two-thirds of on their knees at the door for a piece of bread. the population are still reported as Roman Cath- When the war was nearly at an end, the Austrian olics, according to the last census the capital minister for Foreign Affairs, Czernin, said to the city of Prague has only fifty-three per cent in Czechoslovak leaders, "When we are forced to that church. Great numbers are joining the new leave your country, we shall leave it a cemetery." Czechoslovak Church which has broken all ties After the armistice eighty-two per cent of the with Rome, recognizes the great men of our Refor- Czechoslovak children had consumption, and two mation as their spiritual leaders, uses the Czecho- slovak language in the church, has pictures of John Hus on the altars, and sings old Husitic

REALITY AND ROMANCE IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA

hymns; the priests marry, 'and the church is one Czechoslovak village where there were seven- growing in numbers as well as in spiritual life. ty-eight houses, over ninety American flags.

They are learning from the Protestant churches The Czechoslovaks are eager interpreters of new methods, such as the Sunday school and American culture, including religion. It is only Young People's Societies. stating a fact when the European nations call the Many join the different Protestant churches Czechoslovaks "the Yankees of Europe." The newwhich, in a short time, have admitted thousands. est Czechoslovak literature is full of American in- In the west of Bohemia, in a country town, where fluence. One of the youngest Professors of there was a Presybterian church with about one Philosophy of the Prague University, the successthousand members, today the same church has or of President Masaryk, returned from a trip to twenty thousand members. In the same district America and spoke and wrote enthusiastically is a country town where all the population left the about American life. The people were never more Roman Catholic church and joined the Protes- ready to accept the greatest treasure which Amertants, leaving only the priest, his housekeeper and ica possesses-the spiritual Christian religion. As to the problem of minorities which has the janitor in the Catholic church. caused the present crisis in Czechoslovakia, there In the Protestant churches many are seeking are such racial, national and religious minorities the deepening of spiritual life. Dogmatic bat- in every country of Europe. The crux of the tles are at an end; but many feel that real god- problem is not how many individuals or what perliness ought to follow the movement. The pastors centage of the whole population is found in a cerfrom the lukewarm churches are sent to those re- tain group, but how they are treated; how much gions where there is the greatest spiritual work, liberty they possess. in order that they may be influenced by that movement and "bring it home." It is touching to see In Czechoslovakia with more than 15 million how eager the young Protestants are to know inhabitants, the minorities reach 33.8 per cent of what they ought to do to be real "Bohemian the total population. These minorities came to Brethren." Many a lukewarm church has become Czechoslovakia as colonists. The historical dea living force because of the new opportunity. The velopment and natural frontier of high mountains greatest movem-ent was in the southwest of Bo- did not permit to draw the frontier any other hemia, where there was formerly the greatest way. These minorities are scattered all over stronghold of the Roman Church; it is the birth- the country. The Germans have numbered 22 place of John Hus, John Zizka, and Peter per cent of the entire population; the Magyars Chelcicky, and other Czechoslovak Reformers. As (Hungarians) 4.7 per cent, the Ruthenes 3.7 per in the Reformation time, people in the street, in cent, the Jews 1.29 per cent and the Poles 0.56 the railroad cars, in the public places, often spoke per cent.

about religious topics during this movement. How are the minorities treated in Czechoslo- vakia? The Germans have had seventy represent- America and Czechoslovakia atives in the Chamber of Deputies, thirty-six in It is interesting to know what part America the Senate; the Magyars (Hungarians) have played in the development of Czechoslovakia. eleven deputies and seven senators; the Ruthenes There are several external ties between America have nine deputies and senators; the Poles have and Czechoslovakia: their proclamation of inde- two deputies and the Jews two. There is absolute pendence was signed in the same place at the same liberty with regard to the use of the minority desk as the Declaration of Independence of Ameri- languages in the press. With regard to schools, ca, in Philadelphia; the first lady of Czechoslo. they can educate their children in schools provakia was an American, the Anglo-Saxon vided by government money where the minority American wife of the first President, Professor language is used and where the teachers belong to Masaryk. The Czechoslovaks will never forget the the minority and textbooks are printed in the American soldiers in Europe who helped to liber- minority language. The Germans in Czechosloate the nation: the proclamation of the American vakia have had two universities, two technical conditions of peace; the distribution of the institutes and are equipped with all types of ele- American bread, which saved multitudes from mentary and secondary schools. All these schools starvation; the coming of the American dollar, have been supported by government money.

which saved Europe from bankruptcy. The Germany, Italy and Hungary offer no political Czechoslovaks know of these things, and are deep- representation for the minorities. Poland offers ly thankful. In Prague they have the Wilson only partial political representation and bilingual monument, Wilson Central Station, American type of schools. Czechoslovakia is a democratic Street, and Hoover Avenue. One of the American country where the minorities have equal rights correspondents just after the armistice found in with the majority.

Universality of Christ*

~I .:; ;I===B=y=E=.=S=T=A=N=L=E=Y=J=O=N=E=S,=D=.=D=.,=I=od=ia==~-LII ~- SOMETHING more is involved in Christian at liberty them that are bruised, those who have missions than the question of whether we hurt themselves with their moral and spiritual will or will not send missionaries across the falls. His was a message to the hurt spirits of seas. The Christian Church is beginning to recog- men, and then He came to proclaim the Lord's nize the fact that if we cannot share our Christian Year of Jubilee. Every fifty years there was a faith with every man everywhere, in the end we fresh national beginning; all debts cancelled, all will not be able to hold it. That which is not uni- slaves freed, all land redistributed, and the na- versal is not true, for Truth by its very nature is tion began with a new beginning.

universal. Two and two make four in India, Jesus closed the book of the Prophet, and said, China, America, and around the world. The mo- "Today this program begins. Today this Scripment you discover the Truth, it rises above na- ture hath been fulfilled in your ears." tional boundaries and belongs to us as a race. If, therefore, what we have cannot be shared with In beginning our missionary program we can all men, it is not universal, and if it is not univer- do no better than to announce what Jesus said sal it is not true. was His program and make it our own-a Gospel for the poor, for the hungry millions of the earth. If we cannot give Christ and His Gospel to God wills a new distribution of the goods which every man everywhere, in the end we shall stand He has provided for every man. The missionary beside dead altars, we shall pray dead prayers enterprise, if it stands for anything, stands for and we shall have a faith that has let us down in redistribution of that which God, our Father, has our own emergencies. Therefore, this whole ques- willed that every man should have. tion is significant beyond the immediate influence of the missionary cause, and we must face it and Second, we would proclaim release to the capface it with a new sense of realism. tives. There are still multitudes of people who are not liberated. There are those who are still We do not apologize for things as they are and socially and politically captive. The missionary that are of interest to missions. Rather, we want enterprise comes with a great passion for human to be prophets of things as they ought to be. freedom, believing in the worthwhileness of every Christian missions are not sacrosanct save as they man. It would proclaim belief in the worthwhilerepresent truth and reality. We do not ask that ness of every nation. men should blindly take what we say. We ask that they submit it to the test of experience, of There are undeveloped races, but no permalife, of reality. No matter what we say or unsay, nently inferior people. We would also come with the last word is with the facts. a message to those who are physically disenfran- chised-the opening of the eyes of the blind. The We search with you to find reality if we can. missionary enterprise should go out with a pas- Our platform should fit the world's needs. When sion for health, for healing, to lift the burdens of Jesus stood in a little synagogue in Nazareth two suffering which are weighing upon the hearts, and thousand years ago He announced a program are crippling the lives of men. which seemed then of little significance save to that little group. But the world today, humbly The message must come also to those who are searching after something it has not, turns again bruised-men and women who are injured or to ask whether this Man of Galilee has a definite handicapped by their own falls. The man with word for us at this period in the world's history. the wounded conscience, the man who cannot look the world and himself squarely in the face. We Jesus said: "The spirit of the Lord is upon me, come with the Gospel of another chance, a new for He has naught in me to preach good tidings to beginning, a conversion, a regeneration. the poor." His program included the proclaim- ing of release to the captives, socially and politi- Then the missionary program sets the whole cally disenfranchised; the opening of the eyes of thing in God's Year of Jubilee and proclaims a the blind, the physically disenfranchised; to set fresh beginning for a race in all departments of * Condensed from an address delivered at the United Foreign human life, a fresh awakening for a world, a new Missions Campaign, Chicago, in 1933. start.

[ 526] These are some of the principles that underly they did, they would go back to a semi-savage, the missionary movement, but upon the thresh- roaming across Europe. Are we coming to that? old of our coming to proclaim these words certain things rise up and questions which we must Many of us are proud that we have English face. Whenever you face a question, face it in its blood in our veins. The English have made amazmore acute forms-answer it there, and then you ing contributions to the collective life of our race. have answered it all down the line. We would And yet at the time of the Roman ascendancy, a like to put this fresh, living, new Kingdom under Roman said, "The stupidest and ugliest slaves on the world problems today, and under the world the market are those from Britain." Had you situation today, but we are met with objections looked at those stupid and ugly slaves you would which we must face. have said, "Impossible barbarians! Nothing can come out of them." But someone else looked at When we talk about being missionaries we are them and said, "Angles; Angles. If they could be accused of a desire to manage other people. Men Christianized they would be angels." We are not say, first of all, that it is bound up with the polit- angels, but we are quite different from the stupid ical imperialisms of the West. No matter how and ugly slaves. And the thing that was at the pure its motive, missionary work gets entangled bottom of our rise was the fact of the impact of and alloys within itself disturb and destroy its the Gospel of Jesus Christ upon us. effect upon human life. Every movement needs constant criticism, constant readjustment, per- Those who have Scotch blood are prouder still. petual realignment, and a bringing back to orig- The Scotch have made amazing contributions to inal purposes. We want to bring back this move- human life. Some of the noblest souls have come ment to original purposes, to disentangle it from from the Scotch, and yet the Scotch have been every entangling alliance that would cripple its called "eaters of human flesh," who had plenty spirit and hurt its motive. We want it to stand of flocks but whose herdsmen would prefer a clear in its own right-compelling, and doing steak from the female breast as a rarity! The what God would have men do through this move- Scotch of the fourth century! Had you looked at ment. them you would have said, "Impossible barbar- ians!" But some looked at them with the eyes of Not Political Imperialism Jesus Christ, and there began the upward rise of a nation that has contributed largely to the col- First of all, then, men say that the missionary lective life. Everywhere the missionary movemovement is a species of political imperialism, ment goes with a passionate belief in the developthat it is the religious side of that western expan- ment of men into likeness to God as He is resion, and partakes of the spirit of that expansion. vealed in Jesus Christ. There is some truth in what the critics say. Again and again the movement has been cor- We don't believe that there is any nation good rupted by its contact with pushing imperialisms enough or wise enough to hold 'permanently anand has been used by the imperialisms of the other people against that people's will. There is West. It was said that when the white man went in every nation a birthright of freedom, and the to Africa the white man had the Bible and the Christian missionary movement should stand, not African had the land; later on the African had as the sponsor of white prestige and white rule, the Bible and the white man had the land. There but should stand for the brotherhood of men, and is just enough truth in that to make it sting. Un- present a Christ who stands alongside of the libjust treaties have been forced upon China because erties of men and who expresses those liberties of China's treatment of missionaries. This move- in His Gospel and in His kingdom. ment has been fused in the purposes of imperialism. We acknowledge it with sorrow. But that Retain All That Is Good and True period of entanglement with the political imperialisms is at an end. Never again will treaties We believe that each nation has something to be forced upon China because of China's treat- contribute to the collective life of our race. We ment of missionaries. Christian missions are un- go, then, to the nations of the earth, not trying to doing what has been done, and the whole pressure wipe out their culture, their past. Much of that of Christian enterprise is to give men liberties culture will pass away with the impact of fuller and freedom. It is the passionate belief that lies knowledge. What is false in those religions will at the heart of the missionary enterprise that be dissolved in the face of truth, but nothing every man is of infinite worth. good, nothing true, nothing beautiful shall perish if men and women accept Jesus Christ, for He If any people in these United States say that said, "I came not to destroy, but to fulfill." He they do not believe in Christian missions, they would gather up unto Himself all the beautiful should be willing to go back to where they were things, the splendid touches, the genius of each before Christian missions touched them. And if nation, gather up into Himself-not destroying,

but perfecting all that is good and true and beau- A church that has a living unity has authority tiful. We can go to the nations of the earth with in a world that is looking for unity. If we can't a new sense of friendship, and at the same time get together as denominations, how can we de- believing that we have a message to them that mand that the world get together as nations? We Jesus Christ completes everything good in any believe that the missionary enterprise comes to nation anywhere. you with a new passionate belief in the unity of the Christian world, and we would build up a I believe the last vestige of connection of the great sense of Christian solidarity that would missionary enterprise with political imperialism hold together every fine thing that each denomiwas severed at the Jerusalem Conference. For the nation can contribute to the whole, but bound tofirst two or three days we analyzed until we were gether with a broad Christian brotherhood that paralyzed. We were suffering from what some- transcends all of this. There is no denomination body has called "paralysis of analysis." But at that had any corner on the saints. God seems to the end of those two weeks, as we sat at the feet work through denominations-sometimes, in of Jesus Christ and looked into His thoughts, we spite of them. If that hurts your denominational concluded that we had a message the world could pride it may help your Christian humility. We not do without and live. No missionary move- are deeply grateful for the denominations which ment has set its face toward the rights of all men, have nurtured us and given us spiritual birth, but and the liberties of all men. we step out and say: "It may be that the Chris- tian missionaries will force us at the home base But somebody says: While the missionary to come together because we believe that the movement may not be political imperialism, isn't world is searching for real unity." it denominational imperialism? Isn't it marked by the desire to build up vast denominations? Is not spiritual imperialism desire to manage There is some truth in that alliance. Christian other people's minds and souls in their supposed missions grew up at the time when denominations interests? There is a good deal of that in Chrisexpanded greatly in the West, and they have tian missions at home and abroad, because of the sometimes used this movement for the purposes type of teaching we give our young people. We tell of statistics. our young people that they must go out and be- come leaders. Get a dozen people together, all of Christ Greater Than Sects But today in the East, Christianity is begin- whom have been taught to be leaders, and you ning to recognize that there is something bigger have the stage set for confusion and strife, and than the question of being a Baptist or a Meth- for position, and power. Jesus (according to odist or a Presbyterian or anything else. There Moffet) said, "Be ye not called leaders." The is the question of being a Christian! What great attitude of the leader is, "I lead; you follow." It advantage is it 'to you whether you are a Meth- is a selfish attitude, therefore cannot be Christian. odist or Episcopal or anything else, in the light of Jesus said, "Be ye called servants." The attitude the question as to whether Jesus Christ or Karl of the servant is that he loses himself in a cause Marx shall hold the destiny of China? As we outside of himself. Jesus said, "I can Christianize have dropped down beneath the level of organ- that attitude." The world is tired of leaders. ization, down to the level of experience, we have Again and again they plunge us into war to satisdiscovered that the true Christian Church is the fy their ambitions. The world is sick of the desire most united body on earth, if we only knew it. to be leaders. It is perishing for servants! Per- Weare united in the deepest thing in life-name- ishing for men and women who lose themselves in the needs of humanity, forgetting themselves ly, in life itself. We share in Jesus Christ a life as the Master did. He said, "I am among you as that overleaps the barriers of race and class and one who serves. I came not to be ministered unto, congregation and denomination, and holds us to but to minister and to give myself a ransom for the deepest brotherhood that this world knows many." anything about-the brotherhood of a new life in Christ. The Supremacy of the Servant It is a strange anomoly that people who are Then what happens? That Servant of all be- most united at the center are sometimes most comes the greatest of all. He rises up with a new divided at the circumference. We, therefore, say kind of leadership, out of hurt and pain, out of to the Christian Church: "Brothers, we are one. the Cross. On Easter morning He rises to a new Let's act and love as if we were one. Do away leadership. The Servant of all becomes the Great- with all. duplications, and all competitions, all est of all. If, therefore, you are sending out self- overlappmg, and face this whole world Christian appointed leaders, we don't want them. But if program with the sense of the solidarity of the you can send out men and women who will lose Christian forces of the world." themselves in the great needs of the East, in Heav-

THE UNIVERSALITY OF CHRIST

en's name send them! The East is perishing for in prayer, that we, too, might have more of Christ servants. in our lives. The very act of giving to others is a There is another thing working against this conscious or unconscious prayer that His Life motive. We have discovered by actual fact that may be more operative in our own lives. But the we cannot succeed in being missionaries unless man who makes that objection doesn't say to we succeed in becoming marginal. No longer at science, for instance, "Science, you dare not pass the center, managing affairs, but on the margin, your science to the rest of the world until the sum stimulating, spiritualizing, culturers and helpers total of the findings of science are operative in of the situation; always trying to produce men America." The fact of the matter is that the find- and women who will stand upon their own feet ings of science are far beyond the application of and succeed only as we succeed in producing science to our collective life. The science of med- Christ-conscious, Spirit-directed, self-supporting icine is far beyond the application of medicine to churches in the East. our collective life, yet we do not hesitate to give We need the kind of mentality at the home base our science to the rest of the world. There is al- that is willing to contribute, even where they ways a gap between the findings of a thing and can't manage. We want the kind of spirit God the application of that thing. There is a gap be- guided, at the home base that feels that it is true tween Jesus Christ and our collective manifesta- success when we succeed in producing the kind of tion of Jesus Christ. We do not ask the nations churches in the East that stand as living, vital of the earth to become American; all we ask centers, courageous and self-supporting. In other them to do is to become Christian, and maybe in words, the price of your support should not be becoming Christian they will help us to become that you manage the whole thing. Give liberties more Christian. That is what we crave.

to men and women, give them liberties sufficient The question is, Has Jesus Christ a supply to enable God to help them develop their own which is universally redemptive? Will men be recharacteristics and their own life; then it may deemed if they will give Him a chance? We bebe that outt>f that liberty shall come back to us a lieve He has that abundant supply of life, and great contribution. I do not want merely to go to that in Jesus Christ, wherever groups and nathe East, I want the East to come to us. tions and individuals have exposed themselves to There are multitudes of men and women in the Him, there will come a redemptive power that East who have caught the passion and victory of will lift, change, redeem and make new.

Christ. These men and women can give the Gos- Not Ourselves But Christ pel to help us complete the uncompleted work and task of evangelism of America, so that there will We preach not ourselves but Jesus Christ, and be no more distinction between a "giving coun- then we are your servants for Jesus' sake. But try" and "receiving country," but we will all be somebody says it may not be spiritual impergiving and we will all be receiving. Out of that tinence. Mahatma Gandhi raises an objection. process will rise a fuller, finer type of Christian He says that there should be no change in reli- manhood, out of the twain shall he become a new gion. In an interview with some American newsman in Jesus Christ. paper men he said, "If the missionaries were to Another objection is that somebody says that it use their hospitals and schools for the purpose of may not be spiritual imperialism, but spiritual proselytizing, then when we attain self-govern- impertinence to go to people of other lands, when ment we would ask them to withdraw." His last our task at home is uncomplete. A man said, word modified his first and he said: "Under self- "You never export a thing unless you have a sur- government the missionary would not be allowed plus of that thing. Do you mean to say that you to proselytize if we feel it is done in the wrong have a surplus of Christianity in America, that way." But we have no desire to proselytize. Pros- you dare export it?" We have no surplus of elytizm, or a mere outward change of association, Christianity in America, but unless we try to is unchristian. Jesus said to the religious lead- bring others to Christ our own Christianity will ers of His day, "You compass sea and land and die upon our hands. If the individual centers up- gain a proselyte, and when you have gained him on himself to Christianize himself, he will be de- you are twofold more a child of Hell than him- Christianized in the process. self."

If a group or church should center upon itself On the other hand, Jesus definitely and specif- to Christianize. itself, it would perish in the proc- ically demanded conversion. He said, "Except a ess. If a nation should center upon itself to Chris- man be born again he cannot see the Kingdom of tianize itself, it would dry up in the process. God." There is a distinction between conversion Our very stretched-out hands across the seas and proselytizm. Proselytizm is the coming over are in the end a putting of those hands together from one sect or group or opinion to another

group or sect or OpInIOn without any necessary the very nature of the Gospel which I hold. Freechange in heart allegiance or character. It is a ly did I receive, freely must I give. There is a change of label, not of life. We repudiate pros- deep discipline in the Gospel, a disCipline of the elytizm but we insist upon conversion, for con- love of Christ; but primarily it is the gift of version involves a change in character-a deep, God. The Gospel is not so much a demand as it fundamental, all-embracing change in life. is an offer, an offer of new life to man by the grace of God. The moment this life takes hold of One business of the Christian Church is to pro- a man he comes under a discipline so severe that duce conversion, and when the Christian Church it is far deeper than self-discipline. can no longer show conversions it has lost its right to live and its power to propagate. When Gandhi has another objection. This time, he it can no longer make a good man out of a bad says: "If you speak about your religion, don't man, and a weak man into a strong man, and a speak about it in words. Use the most perfect man without God-consciousness into a man ra- method of evangelism-let it come out of the life, diant with God, it has lost its function in human as the perfume comes from the rose. As missionsociety. The whole structure of human life is aries and as Christian workers draw people by resting upon that subtle, intangible thing called your deeds. But do not speak about it." character. And when the character breaks, the confidence breaks, and when the confidence breaks Witness of Lips and Life the country breaks. If the Christian Church cannot so present Jesus Chris,t and His Gospel so as There is something valuable in this suggestion. to make men and women of Christlike character, The West has organized religion too much around if any religion does not make bad men good, it words. Our places of worship are called "audihas lost its right to exist. We have, therefore, no toriums." Our services are services of song, prayapologies for trying to produce conversion. We er, speech-words. Somebody asked a Chinese believe that wherever men and women and in- what he thought of the Christian religion. He dividuals and nations expose themselves recep- said, "It is a very talkative religion." There is tively to Jesus Christ, their conversion does take something in what he says. Gandhi snid, "Let us place to the degree that He is received. have a moratorium on words." There is some- thing in his objections-but not everything. "We want to do something deeper and more fundamental than proselytizing." Conversion is Jesus Christ did use the rose-perfume method. not only the conversion of an individual-that "He went about doing good." He did good beconversion is as far extended as human need. cause men needed it, and the resources of His Just as' there can be sin in the individual will, heart were big enough to meet that need. He went there can be sin in the collective will. Shall we about doing good, but He did more than that. He rescue the wounded in war or strike at the war interpreted words by acts. The words of His lips system, too? Shall we pick up the drunkards or and the deeds of His life were one. They caJrne tostrike at the liquor traffic, too? The Christian gether like the words and music of a song. His Gospel reapplied would mean a conversion, not deeds were words and His words were deeds, and merely of the individual, but of the sum total of they all came together and became the Living human life. Conversion-the Kingdom of God Word. coming-replacing the present world order, founded as it is on exploitations and on unbroth- We would say to Mahatma Gandhi, If we are erliness-we could replace by an order founded true to Christ we will invest this message with on good will, the Brotherhood of Man under the the sum total of our lives, and that includes our Fatherhood of God. This is the conversion for words. It is only when our words are rooted in which the Kingdom of God stands. facts that we dare speak them.

The Christian life is primarily not an attain- A man came to' me in India and said, "Why do ment, but an obtainment. The gift of God came to you go after people to baptize them?" I replied, me when I had nothing to offer except my bank- "I don't. They come to ask me to baptize them. I ruptcy. I came to Jesus Christ hurt, confused, put no label on a man that does not correspond to bankrupt. I offered Him what I had, and to my an inward fact." The man who has the reality utter amazement and astonishment He took me, has a right to outwardly proclaim it and to enjoy forgave me, cleansed me, loosed me from the old any group where it will be cultivated. The inbonds, set my soul singing its way down these ward without the outward is also hypocrisy. The years. By His grace was I made whole. life, speaking one thing, has a right to live it out.

I dare to speak of that because I simply am lay- But somebody offers one final objection: ing at His feet the tribute of my gratitude and "Aren't they getting along well enough without my life. I could not keep silence without denying Jesus Christ?"

I can not find anyone anywhere getting along well enough without Jesus Christ in East or West.

1938J THE UNIVERSALITY OF CHRIST

I cannot do it. In fellowship with Him I truly thirsty and ye gave me drink; I was sick and ye live. I go to the nations of the East because they are a part of the world, not because they are not visited me; in prison, and ye came to me." most degraded but because they are brother men. "Lord," they say, "when saw we ye hungry or A man said to me, "How do you talk to theos- thirsty? Sick or in prison? We never saw Thee 6phists?" I don't-I talk to people. And I don't this way." And the Master says "Inasmuch as go to speak to Hindus and Mohammedans-I go to speak to men with the same inward needs that ye have done it unto one of the least of these, ye I have. I do not go to the people of the East be- 'cause they are the worst of the world, I go to have done it unto Me." . them because they are men for whom Christ died. That, it seems to me, is the legitimate reason for Who is it that is hungry in the hunger of the going. There are degradations in the East just as there are degradations in the West. As I have world? The Christ hungers again. Who is it that sat in round-table conferences and heard noble is bound with the shackles of custom and sin and men tell what religion was meaning or not mean- evil? In them Christ is still bound? At the Cross ing to them, I have come to the conclusion that not only any man at his worst needs Christ, but He gathered all up into His own heart, until every man at his finest and best needs Him. Christ and the human soul were made for each other just as man's trouble became His trouble, and every the lungs were made for air, the eyes for light, the man's pain His pain, and every man's sin His heart for love, and the esthetic nature for beauty. Jesus Christ and the human soul were made for sin. He bore it in His own body upon the Tree. each other, and when we find Him we find not There, it seems to me, is the meaning of the unionly the Way of Life, but Life itself. I desperately wish everyone to have that life. verse. There is the meaning of Life. We live in proportion as we respond with deeper and deeper The Cross and the Motive sensitiveness. This is the test by which we can If I were to point out the deepest places where my missionary motive is found, I would point to judge. a Cross. For the Cross, to me, is the place where I see deepest into the universe. There the uni- How much life is there in our churches? That verse turns redemptive, forgiving all, bearing all, is the great question that comes home to us. healing all, and turning the whole of life into tri- Judge by this standard. Many churches are about umph. It is at the Cross where we see the heart the spiritual level of the vegetable. Dead beets, of the missionary passion, for there is the place of the heartbreak of God. There is where love, pure, if you will. No sensitiveness beyond themselves, holy love, comes into contact with words, sign and need. There we begin to see love reaching and proud of that fact. The missionary moveout as far as the human need, and taking all into ment, with all its faults (and it has many) is the God's own heart bearing all and forgiving all. reaching up of arms and saying, "We are trying Someone has defined "Life" as "sensitiveness." to be Christian; we are trying to be sensitive on It is a great definition. The lower down the scale of living you go the less sensitiveness you find. a world scale, and in trying to do so we are be- The stone is numb; there is no life. The plant ginning to try to catch something of the passion has some sensitiveness, therefore some life. The animal has more, therefore more life. When you that our Lord and Master held." I cannot see come to Man you find the sensitiveness ranging out beyond itself, beyond its group, its nation, and how we can keep that passion in our hearts and to God and the larger life reaches out to man. The more sensitiveness, the more life. The high- not reach out to the last man everywhere. est, greatest life that has been lived upon our planet, is Jesus Christ. There we find the su- The moment I rose the day I was converted I preme sensitiveness. On the last day He will say, felt an impulse in my heart that I had never "Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundations of known before. Five minutes before I had had no the world. I was hungered and ye fed me; I was such impulse. The impulse was that I wanted to share with everybody, and put my arms around the world arid share the Gospel with everybody. My missionary motive today is that; deepened, broadened, but still there. I do not see any place to stop witnessing this side of the last human being. This desire should be held in the heart as a great consuming power. The center of the whole thing is the heart. I believe that such a passion shows the heartbeat of Jesus Christ. In Him is enough power to heal the individual, the social, the eco- nomic, the political needs of the world. I know no other power.

Jesus Christ stands and says, "Come unto Me and enter My Kingdom." Are you willing to make inward surrender of your whole self to Him -your money, your brain, your hand, your life? If so you will follow Him and your life will never be the same. You will have new joy and freedom and power.

of the Churches in

By REV. AKIRA EBISAW A, Tokyo, Japan ExecutitJe Secretary of the National Christian Council of Japan T HE Christian churches of Japan have made It may sound strange for us to speak of such striking progress in the brief time since the a radical change. But every living organism is opening of missions here in 1859. From the destined to grow and is subject to vital changes. very early days these churches have been charac- We believe in the God of Creation, who works terized by a self-governing church polity, pro- even today. We cannot measure the creative moted under the leadership of missionary and work of God in terms of the status quo or hold Japanese leaders. the idea that there can be no development of new We realize, however, that the Christian Church features in the realm of the Church. We should in Japan is not yet fully established. It is only hope and expect that a newly emerging Christian partially represented by the communions trans- Church will develop new forms in a new environplanted to Japanese soil from the Western World. ment.

While the various denominational churches The organization, methodology, and functions represent very important branches of the Body of of the churches in the field must be defined in the Christ, with their historic characteristics, yet light of their environment, they should be rethese divisions often seem meaningless and are a organized so as to accord with the national trastumbling block to the Oriental mind. Japanese dition and be adapted to their indigenous cultural do not understand why the Christian churches are heritage. thus divided. Many things need to be re-examined. For in- Very serious problems are confronting the stance in Japan, the custom of religious congrechurches in the Japan field at present. The en- gational public worship never existed until the vironment of these churches, influenced by the Christian church service was introduced. Our cultural heritage of the nation, is necessarily in- forefathers were accustomed to individual worfluencing their inner life. ship ·and to occasional festivals. Thus the Roman Catholic form of worship seems better adapted to The age-long struggle of the Western churches our people than the Protestant congregational of Europe against the Greco-Roman materialistic services. Moreover, offerings in connection with humanism is being repeated to some extent even public worship have been alien to our people. in Japan. Bushido emphasized the virtue of righteousness Generally speaking, churches in the Orient are and sacrifice and disdained utilitarianism. It placed in an environment characterized by vari- looked with contempt upon the motive of personal ous forms of culture and by the presence of the profit and gain. Little wonder that even in this other great ethnic religions. This brings new fea- highly economic-minded age there are people who tures into the struggle which the Oriental young- think that it is not pious nor Christian to speak er churches are experiencing. This presents a of monetary matters during a religious service or new problem to the churches in this field and right even to take the purse to the house of wor- gives hope and promise that the outcome will be ship.

the enrichment of their inner life. Although gradually the Western industrial These considerations suggest that some intrin- order is affecting and destroying the old social sic value must be developed on the part of these system and is replacing it with an individualistic churches that will adapt them to the cultural mode of life, the family system still has a strong heritage and social environment in their native hold on the life of the Japanese. This makes it fields, without losing anything of their Christian customary for only the head of the family to en- character. joy economic independence, the other members It must be admitted that we should re-examine all being dependent. As a result the system of and re-evaluate our church organization, its meth- offerings by individual members of a church is ods of activity and its relationships, in the light almost meaningless.

of the national cultural tradition and the chang- Creative imagination on the part of Western ing environment. people, inspired by religious insight, has erected [532 ] such wonderful structures as St. Paul's Cathedral lives. This often makes the distinction between and Notre Dame. But why should Christian Christians and non-Christians obscure and insigchurch architecture throughout the world con- nificant. form to Gothic forms or wholly Western style? The New Testament conception of the church The lack of a strong devotional motive makes does not indicate such patterns. It rather sug- many feel that it is a burden to bear the respongests that the Church universal is composed of sibility of rendering service and giving in supsmall units, meeting in the homes of the believers. port of the Church. Another excuse, which has some truth in it, is that the Church at present is The Church universal, as an ideal spiritual so- dealing with things that are too trifling as comciety, must be made clear to the mind of con- pared with the momentous matters which are agitemporary Christians, especially of the younger tating humanity. This does not appeal to the imchurches. This is well defined by Dr. Wm. A. agination nor sound the depths of life for minds Brown, as follows: that are alert.

It must never be suffered to obscure the fact that the In view of these unhealthy tendencies, we are Church of Christ exists today as definite body in the per- endeavoring to promote an interest on the part sons of the men and women who have been touched by of church members in the training of the laity for His spirit, and who live for the ends which He approves. voluntary evangelism and in Christian steward- This spiritual society, creating institutions, but not it- ship as features of our Nation-Wide Union Evanself perfectly comprehended or expressed by any, is the gelistic Campaign. true Church of Christ. (Brown: "Christian Theology in Outline," Ch. V. p. 59.) Self-Support and Self-Government The members of the Re-Thinking Missions Self-support and self-government on the part Commission define the Church in a way which of the churches have usually been taken as synwill help to clarify the conception of the Chris- onymous among Christian people throughout the tians in the field regarding it. world. A clear distinction should be made be- tween them. A Christian's property belongs to The Church is to be thought of as a spiritual fellow- God and God's money may be used anywhere for ship and communion of those who have found a new His Kingdom without reference to racial or naspring of life and power by the impact of the Christian tional differences. message, who are eager to join together as a living, growing body of believers through whom the ideals and the A policy of self-government is imperative for spirit of Christ can be transmitted and His principles of the churches in the field if we wish them to devellife promoted, then that type of Church will always have op as the Church of Christ. But the problem of a function in the work of building the Kingdom of God self-support must be considered in the light of the whether on the mission field or at home. ("Re-Thinking activities and functions of the church. Some Missions," Ch. V. p. 109.) churches tend to overemphasize self-support, with the result that the local churches crystallize Owing to the lack of proper training in such a into small-sized organizations, with no possibility fundamental conception of the Church, the young- of an expanding life and influence necessary for er churches are facing a grave danger at present. self-propagation. It is a pity to see dwarfed or That danger is the general trend among the crippled local churches losing their activities Christians of growing indifference toward the and ceasing to appeal to the general public. organized churches. Forced self-support does not prove to be self- Among the causes that have contributed to this support at all. It often means that the pastor is tendency, we mention a few for which we should obliged to support himself by some form of side feel responsibility. The Japanese have a feeling work. It is a mistake to demand self-support of distaste for the too highly institutionalized without considering the real strength of the local church life which tends to give the impression church as related to its environment. The church, that it is too conventional and has an artificiality in the New Testament meaning, should be organwhich bears a secular flavor. ized in every small town and village and even in the homes of the believers. This tendency may also be due to the fact that the churches are losing their strong leaders in Owing to an overemphasis on self-support on the ministry. This may seem partly inevitable in the one hand, and to a lack of the conception of these days because of the greatly changed social Christian stewardship-the training for which is environment as compared with the pioneer days quite new among the younger churches-on the when the missionary and indigenous leaders were other, many local churches are suffering greatly conspicuous figures. It must be admitted that because of the economic problem. The result is consciously or unconsciously contemporary Chris- that churches tend to be governed by the motive tians are influenced by the secular, materialistic, of group egoism while the individual church individual thought, and are losing the idealistic, self-forgetting, sacrificial motive in their daily

members themselves are likewise influenced by activities necessary to meet the needs of the compersonal egoism. munity at large and can fulfill their responsibility as witnessing churches. We must continually re- Many economic problems are at present con- mind Christians of the fundamental unified charfronting the younger churches. In Oriental acter of the churches of the different communions homes, where the traditional family system pre- in accordance with the conception of the Church vails, the father, as the wage earner, usually defined by Dr. William Adams Brown. holds the purse and other members of the family get money from him. Yet the Protestant As the religious society which finds its bond of union Churches, in spite of this traditional Japanese in Jesus of Nazareth, the Church is one. . . . Beneath custom are supported on the basis of individual the outward divisions and misunderstandings which sepcontributions, in accordance with the custom in arate different bodies of Christians there is a common Western lands. religious experience which is shared by all whose lives are lived under the influence of the Master, and which Another problem perplexing city churches is unites in sympathy, labor, and prayer, good men in every the fact that, owing to changes in the environ- branch of the Church. It is ,this common religious life, ment, members are moving to the suburbs and it uniting in spiritual fellowship men of different ecclesiasis becoming increasingly difficult to bring the tical names and of none, which is the real foundation of family to the mother church every Sunday be- the unity of the Church. (Brown: "Christian Theology cause of the transportation costs and other ex- in Outline," p. 59.) penses. Notwithstanding these difficulties, it is an encouraging fact that the annual giving of the There is also the problem of church union. churches in Japan in recent years. amounts to "Divided churches cannot conquer the unified about 2,500,000 yen, or 12.50 yen per capita. This world." The way to win the world is to consoliis a good ratio when compared with the reported date the Church's divided forces, under the leadgiving of New York church members last year. ership and power of the Spirit of God.

Another problem is the question as to what con- In Japan we have been carrying forward a stitutes real cooperation between older and study regarding a basis for union ever since 1925. younger churches? Of course cooperation, through We have been swung back and forth over the fellowship or in conferences, does not begin problem of a creed. Our people now seem to realwhere financial support from the church at the ize that to begin by planning for organic union home base is cut off. Real f!'lllowship and cooper- will get us nowhere. There must first be spiritation can be established without regard to finan- ual unity in Christ. We are now inclined to start cial relations. Younger churches can not be said with a federated union as has been the case with to cooperate satisfactorily with the older churches the Church of Christ in China. Dr. Stanley Jones at the home base as long as they exist on a poor has suggested a similar procedure. economic level and with a crippled independence. Real cooperation should begin when the younger We see a possibility for the realization of churches on th~ field are able to maintain the Christian union if we proceed along this line for the coming ten-year period by uniting in work which has no direct concern with a creed.

GOD CHOOSES BUSY MEN FOR HIS WORK When God has work to be done we notice that He almost always goes to those who are al- ready at work. Both his,tory and the Bible attest this truth.

Moses was tending his flocks at Horeb when God called him to deliver the people of Is- rael from bondage in Egypt.

Gideon was threshing wheat by the wine press when God called him to deliver Israel from the Midianites.

David was caring for his father's sheep w hen he was called to succeed Saul as king.

Elisha was plowing with twelve yoke of oxen when he was called to succeed Elijah as prophet of God in Israel. .

Nehemiah was bearing the king's cup when he was called to go to rebuild Jerusalem.

Amos was attending the flock when he was summoned to be a prophet of God.

Peter and Andrew were casting a net into the sea when Christ called them to become fishers of men.

Matthew was collecting customs when he was called to be a disciple.

Saul was persecuting the church when he was commissioned to be a missionary of Christ.

William Carey was mending shoes when he heard the call to be a foreign missionary.

for the Church in India*

By B. L. RALLIA RAM, ESQ.

Secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association, Lahore CHRISTIAN influence has streamed into In- the word "church" in this article refers to the dia in four different channels: sum-total of all the "churches," for, with all the First: According to the traditions of divergent doctrines, traditions and practices, they the Syrian Church Christianity was originally do owe allegiance to one Lord and Master and preached in India, by the Apostle St. Thomas, in unitedly proclaim His name. In spite of the ex- the states of Travancore and Cochin, early in the istence of many "churches," there is yet an entity, Christian Era. The Church thus established, how- intangible though it may seem, which may be ever, was not alive to its missionary obligations. called "The Church of Christ in India."

It was handicapped by the political situation and The "Christian Community" consists of mem- by lack of communications so that its influence bers of the Christian churches and those who was confined to a small section of the country. nominally belong to the Christian community, Considerably weakened by divisions and internal having been born in homes known as Christian. disputes, in some respects it followed too closely According to the present political constitution of some of the painfully dark episodes in the history India, "The Christian Community" is a separate of the Church elsewhere. political entity with rights of special representa- tion in the national and provincial legislatures Second: In the Sixteenth Century the Portu- through voting constituencies of its own. This gese Roman Catholics inaugurated an era of rapid implies that in many places it is also a separate Christianization of India. Under their influence social entity. the work of St. Francis Xavier and the Jesuites in South India met with an apparent success. The This system leads to unfortunate results. It is, means used to convert people were not, however, however, gratifying to note that there are many always fair and honest. The Church in India un- Christian leaders who regret this political isolatil recently was preponderatingly Roman Cath- tion imposed by the award of the government. olic, but the Protestant influence has been There is an increasing number of Indian Chrissteadily increasing. and the Protestant Christians tians who are working shoulder to shoulder with now are numerically more than the Roman Cath- their countrymen for general social, political and olics. moral improvement. Raj Kumari Amrit Kaur, the talented daughter of the late Sir Raja Harnam Third: Early in the Eighteenth Century a Prot- Singh (a notable Christian convert from the famestant mission arrived in the South of India un- ily of a ruling chief), is the acknowledged leader der the inspiration of the King of Denmark, with of the Women's Movement in India. Two of the the financial help of an Anglican society. Its per- trusted lieutenants of Mahatma Gandhi, in charge sonnel was German. The large Lutheran Church of two of his important social and economic deof South India, the United Church of South India, partments, are Indian Christians. From this it the Anglican Church with its several dioceses will be seen that in common usage the term "Inare the direct result of this pioneering mission. dian Church" is sometimes applied to the com- munity known to the political and social life as Fourth: A century later groups of Protestant "The Indian Christians." missionaries were sent at short intervals by the English Baptists, the Church Missionary Society, Here we are mainly concerned with the organand the London Missionary Society. They were ized Christian Churches, though the second consoon reinforced by Americans and others. Thus ception associated with the term "Indian Church" there are now several Evangelical Christian cannot altogether be avoided. churches deeply rooted in the soil of India.

Technically there is no one Christian CHURCH Characteristics of the Church in India in India, but a large number of "churches." But It is impossible to deal here adequately with the • Mr. Basil Mathew gives a significant title to one of his recent CsauhbfuJe'rewccht .aosfpeCchtsrisotf in India. We can refer only to books "The Church Takes Root in India." This happy phrase aptly a very large and complicated describes the present position of the Christian Church in India.

B. L. R. A.

[ 5351

Except for the church in Malabar, the Church agating Churches." It is essential, therefore, that of Christ in India owes its existence to the labors the help from abroad should be so used as to of missionaries sent out by the churches of the achieve this ideal as speedily as possible. It is West. These "sending churches" have been main- universally recognized now that the ultimate suc- ly responsible for the nourishment and the devel- cess in Christianizing India must depend upon the opment of the Church in India. Each church is efforts of the indigenous Church itself. It alone dependant still upon their "mother" church for can be a truly effective witness to the Indians of help. Missionaries play an important role in the the saving power of Christ. Its life of witness life of the Church. Financial help is given to will win India for Christ. The most important maintain its indigenous ministry and its institu- aspect, therefore, of the development of the tions and forms of service. The different churches Church is its response to the challenge to evan- are in various stages of development. gelism.

In main there are two kinds of church organ- The Church and Evangelism izations: Some churches have already become When the missions were first started it was autonomous, though not fully self-supporting. In considered necessary to employ paid Indian evan- the South, a strong "South India United Church" gelists, and to keep them under their own control. includes the Presbyterian and Congregational. This system may have been necessary in the ear- Corresponding to it there is a similar "United lier stages, but its continued and prolonged ex- Church of North India." The Church of India, Burma and Ceylon, which is in fellowship with istence is likely to mitigate against the fulfilment of the legitimate work of the Church itself. the World-wide Anglican Communion, has attained its independence by an Act of the British In some places, the mission is separately organ- , Parliament. These and several other churches are ized as an evangelistic agency, with its own Inautonomous; they are in full communion with dian workers, while the Church is left with the the corresponding churches of the West and are pastoral work. While missionaries can exert receiving help from them. their influence (and sometimes unduly large in- fluence) in the matters left to the Church, the Other churches are exemplified by the Meth- mission policy remains the sole concern of the odist Episcopal Church and the United Presby- mission. This often creates a strain, acting adterian Church. They still form a part of the versely on the spiritual life of the Church, and American churches and their highest court is out- consequently weakens the sense of evangelistic side India. These churches are being given an responsibility. But there is an increasing realizaincreased measure of responsibility, without the tion of this danger and the systems are being final authority. We do not seek to evaluate the overhauled and adjusted so as to throw the rerelative merits of these two systems. sponsibility of evangelization upon all the lay membership of the Church, where it rightfully Christianity in India reflects the character of belongs. the churches of the West, to which the churches in India owe an everlasting debt, not only for their existence, but also for support and guidance. Next in importance to evangelization, is the This dependence of the Church in India on the responsibility of the Church for its own life and Western churches has also been responsible for the administration of its own institutions as a many difficult problems. In some ways it has "self-propagating and self-governing" Church. handicapped the Church, and it has retarded The responsibility for administration is somehealthy growth. This was inevitable. On the one times related to the financial support it can prohand the Church in India could not have reached vide for the maintenance of the enterprise, and it its present stage without help; on the other hand is mistakenly contended that self-government and it has grown under the shadow of a large tree self-support are inter-dependent. Such a mechanwith an apparent loss of spontaneity. This has ical system tends to make the Church dependent upon material resources rather than upon spiritstunted its stature. The danger has lain and still lies in the way ual realities.

this help is given. Very often an undue stress is A recent conference held on "Self-Support" at laid on the financial relationship between the Nagpur, under the auspices of the National Chris- Churches of India and the Western Churches. tian Council, provides a Iseful study for those While this relationship is of great importance, in who are interested in this problem.

the last analysis it is not the vital factor. There The Churches of Christ in the world must al- has been considerable progress in "self-support" ways be interdependant and, therefore, depend- of the Churches of India. ence of the Church in India upon other Churches, From the early stages of their work, missions in itself is not wrong provided care is taken that have set before themselves the goal of creating this dependence does not inflict a moral injury "self-governing, self-supporting, and self-prop- and stunt the growth of a healthy normal plant.

OUTLOOK FOR THE CHURCH IN INDIA

There are some dangers to which the Church India. Recently surveys have been made into the of India is exposed at the present time: economic conditions of the Christian community in several parts of the country. Some of these There is a danger that the Church may in fu- surveys have been undertaken at the initiative of ture be entirely in the hands of an hierachy of the National Missionary Society. A study of these the clergy and other paid workers. While it is is most instructive. Dr. E. D. Lucas and Mr. the privilege of the ministry of the Church to Frank Thakur Dass made an economic enquiry teach, to guide and to serve, the spiritual driving into the conditions of the community in Pasrur power must come through spirit-filled laity; un- Tehsil in the Punjab and discovered that the avertil the lay element are given their due share in age income of a Christian family of five is about the government of the Church, and in the forma- $40 a year, or $3.50 a month. It is the glory of tion of its ideals, the Church can never achieve its the Christian Church that it has brought the mesobject. sage of release from the bondage to these poor people. That the Church in India is poor is not Business and professional men are not exerting a reproach, but is a matter for thankfulness. the degree of influence in affairs of the Church to Problems arising out of this fact, however, must which they are entitled. This needs to be cor- be courageously faced. Is economic poverty in acrected. cordance with the mind of Christ? Is not this problem of the extreme poverty of Christian vil- It is possible that the help of men and women lage communities a challenge to the Church? from abroad may be used in such a way as to hamper rather than help the emergence of a truly The Church in India Is a Growing Church independent Church. It is a significant fact that there have been no heresies developed in the India is one of those countries where populachurches of India. This probably means that tion is increasing rapidly. This creates a national there has been no independent thinking in the problem. Every community, in a natural way, is Church itself. The Church has produced many increasing. In 10 years (1921-1931) the poppersons who by their ability and spiritual leader- ulation of India increased by 14 per cent, but ship have taken their places in the front rank; but the Christian community and the membership of there is an urgent call for more leaders who are the Christian Church is increasing much faster. able to think and act independently in accordance During the decade 1921-31, the increase of the with the highest principles. The best way that Indian Christian community, according to the help from abroad can be given is to train and re- natural process, should have been 157,355, but it lease Christian personalities who will take the actually was 1,542,684. This has been true in responsibility of guiding the Church in India. every census report.

The life and work of men 'like the Bishop of Since 1931 reports from the churches reveal the Dornakal and the late Mr. K. T. Paul have done fact that a large number of people are continuing more to establish the Christian Church in India to turn to Christ through mass movements. These than the work of many a foreign worker. movements, well described by Bishop Pickett, are no longer from the lowest strata of society only, New Challenge but in certain sections, particularly in the diocese of Dornakal and the Nizam's Dominion, groups The Church in India may become exclusively from the highest castes of Hinduism are also ennational and conservative. The Church in the tering in the Christian Church. This welcome en- West is being confronted with a new challenge by largement of the Church in India must bring new the problems of the modern world. It is being challenges and many new problems. forced to rethink and relive, and to rededicate. The Church in India is, to a considerable extent, Conversion to Christianity in this way of large outside the currents of new thoughts. Its con- groups is fraught with many dangers and if the tact with <Ecumenical movements of the present Church in India does not have the resources to age is meager. If it is to fulfill its destiny, and if give adequate teaching and to provide essential it is to discharge its God-given responsibility, its opportunities for the nourishment and developgrowth must be harmonious and not lopsided. In ment of their Christian life, the Indian Church true and unwaning fidelity to Christ and His may well sink into lower depths. It might easily teaching it must assimilate all that is best and become another religious system. Thus while the challenging in its great heritage of the history of mass movements are providing great encouragethe Church throughout the ages, the spiritual ment they are potentially also the source of great heritage of India, and also the stirring of the danger. spirit in modern times. At the present time the Christian community in The Church of India is poor in comparison with India is only one per cent of the total population. the churches of other countries. It is poor in There is still a vast field to be evangelized by the comparison with other religious communities in

Christian enterprise, but its greatest opportunity greatest opportunity it will be a tragedy. On the does not come from that side alone. As a result of other hand if the Church is faithful to its message the recent world forces a new nation has been and can serve its country with the spirit and zeal born in India pulsating with life and anxiously of the Master, then India will make a contribudesirous to make its contribution to world civil- tion to the world whose importance cannot be exization and world culture. India is beginning to aggerated. There are tremendous possibilities for think in world terms and looks upon itself in the the future. setting of a new world. In India the Christian Church is face to face with three or four virile, The World Conference at Tambaram (Madras) aggressive religious systems with their conflict- comes at one of the critical periods of the history ing doctrines of life and action. Will the future of mankind. It is to be hoped that this ingatherof India be guided and moulded by these philos- ing of the leaders of the Christian enterprise from ophies or will the life-giving principles of Christ all the world will release a new Spiritual force give to her a new way of life and action? The which will not only give to the Church in India answer to this question must depend upon the a new vision and new power but we pray that its work and witness of the Churches in India. If clarion call for advance in the name of Christ the Church fails its motherland in the hour of her will penetrate effectively the harassed countries of the Western as well as the Eastern world.

A Saintly Surgeon of India The Story of Sir William Wanless of Mira; By MARGARET McKELLAR, M.D., LL.D.

Toronto, Ontario Missionary to India under the United Church of Canada SOMEONE has said: "If the Taj Mahal is a times Dr. Wanless was decorated by the British dream in marble the Wanless Hospital is a Government, in 1913 receiving the silver Kaiser- dream in the art of healing." Affection for i-hind medal, in 1920 the gold medal and in 1928 a royal spouse was the incentive for the one; love the late King George V conferred upon him the for the Lord Jesus Christ and suffering humanity rank and title of Knight Bachelor of the British was the incentive of the other. Empire, (K.B.E.). These honors were conferred for his distinguished services and humanitarian Multitudes of people traveled thousands of work for the people of India. miles to reach this Mecca of healing. They came not only from India, but from Iran, Iraq, and I landed in India shortly after Dr. Wanless first other countries. arrived. After forty years of medical service, we both left our respective stations within a few Wanless was a household word in many parts months of each other. We worked together in the of India. It is said that more Indian people knew All-India Christian Medical Association, of which the name of the Saintly Surgeon of Miraj than he was the organizer and secretary, then presknew even the name of the Viceroy. If a fellow ident for seventeen years. One day I found mytraveler said that he was going to Miraj you could self in his home, with the late Dr. Arthur Neve of assume that he was going to "Wanless" for the Kashmir and Dame Edith Brown of Ludhiananames were synonymous. both famous surgeons. They were discussing with Sir William the respective merits of certain opera- Sir William James Wanless is a name destined tions, e.g., Colonel Smith's cataract extraction for to live among the names of the world's great sur- which Sir William himself had designed an ingeons, not only in India, where he worked out his strument for extracting .the lens. Today this is on earthly life's purpose with a heavenly meaning, the market as the "Wanless extractor." It was but in the Hall of Fame, established by the Uni- apparent that Sir William had a thorough familversity of New York. He received his medical iarity with the technique of the different varieties degree from that University in 1889, shortly be- of operations. Other members of the medical profore he went to India. In 1916 he became a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons. Three

A SAINTLY SURGEON OF INDIA

fession, British medical service men and mission- Although Dr. Wanless and I were stationed aries, all had confidence in his wisdom and skill. some six hundred miles apart, I took many Euro- pean patients to Miraj for operations. These In response to my question as to how he kept were 100 per cent successful. his surgical instruments from rusting, Sir William answered: "I use them"; and he did to At Miraj operations were the order of the day, splendid purpose. For his skill in surgery he was usually from noon until hours after lamplight, called the "Wizard of India." Even non-Christians when all the cases were finished, with no break except for afternoon tea, served in the operating STAFF AND STUDENTS OF THE MEDWAL SCHOOL, MIRAJ room annex. Foreign staft, seated. Left to Right: Dr. Vail, Dr. Inglis Frost, In the operating theater, Sir William was Rev. R. C. Richardson, Dr. W. J. Wanless. scrupulously observant of antiseptic precautions and would brook no carelessness on the part of recognized his Christlike example and called him his medical assistants or of visiting doctors. I "The Saintly Surgeon." saw him ruffled only twice. Once when defective forceps were flung on the floor and the other time One Indian patient, on being asked why he had when a visiting doctor placed on the tray of sterpassed by Bombay where there are many good ilized instruments an instrument that had been in hospitals and physicians, replied: "Because I was touch with an infected area. told that Dr. Wanless prays before he operates." There is no cemetery for surgical patients at- Once I saw a grateful patient, a mother, whose tached to Miraj Hospital! life he had saved when there was "no hope" for her, kiss him much to his surprise. Often Hindus Like D. L. Moody, our beloved Saintly Surgeon endeavored to kneel and kiss his feet. was a general. He was quick to grasp the situa- tion. He was a man of few words-many deeds. Sir William was not a surgeon who specialized on one organ-the whole body was his field of After one critical operation, an aggrieved nurse operation. He was equally successful in cataract asked him, "Why did you shout at me when you extractions, and in abdominal surgery, hence wanted that instrument? I feel very badly about there flocked to his hospital patients from far i.t. " and near; princes and paupers, high and low caste-for he did not discriminate; their need of "Did I shout?" he gently replied, "I am very his skill was their passport. The low-castes and sorry. All I thought about was to save that womuntouchables received the same care as did Ma- an's life!" hatma Gandhi or the rajahs. One of the 400 missionaries, who had been his Even children recognized and trusted his skill. patients, said to me: "I had to take my turn on Two mission-school children were overheard in a heated quarrel. When one could not have things CLINIC BUILDING AT THE MIRAJ HOSPITAL as she wanted, she said: "I'll cut your head off!" To this the other answered, "I don't care if you the operating table but with the greatest assurdo; I'll go to Dr. Wanless and he will put it on ance, knowing that I had for my surgeon one of again !" international fame. Night after night, as I lay in the cottage which had been built as a memorial People had such confidence in him that they to Mary Wanless, I would hear the brisk step of came without fear of the surgical knife. A poor the doctor and could see the flicker of light from village man, who could not understand that his his small lantern cross my window and my door. was an inoperable case, came to the doctor's bun- It was eleven o'clock, and he was returning home .galow and with tears streaming down his face said, "Doctor-saheb says he won't operate on me. Please, memsaheb, tell the doctor to do operation on me."

after making his bedtime rounds at the hospital. When the message reached me, the one day There had been many patients to see, just fresh train had already left for Miraj and there would that day from the operating table. He had done be no other for hours. Miraj was 30 miles distant his best and we knew that he prayed for them, and the road, in those days, was atrocious. The commending them to the One who slumbers not only missionary car in town was an old decrepit nor sleeps. They were committed to the keeping affair and could not be depended on to make the of the Great Physician. journey. I went in search of another car that I thought might be borrowed from the State. I Sir William won the warm friendship of His went first to get the antitoxin and then drove on Highness Shahu Maharajah of Kolhapur, who to the large State bungalow used by His Highness was ever ready to further the Miraj medical work as an office. by his generous gifts of land and money. Dr. Mary Stewart Marshall tells the following story A sepoy patrol with his gun paced in front of the State bungalow. He saluted and stepped up to SHRISHAHU CHHATROPATI MAHARAJA OF KOLHAPUR the car to ask my errand. I explained that Dr. Wanless was critically ill and that a request had of Royalty voluntarily running errands for a mis- come for medicine. I would like to ask His Highsionary. During the "cold season" of 1916-17 ness to send it as soon as possible by a State car. word reached Kolhapur of the serious illness of The guard left me and went to tell the Maharajah. Dr. Wanless. None of us could remember his ever In a few minutes he returned with His Highness, before having been more than slightly incapaci- bareheaded and barefooted, wearing the thin tated. His only American colleague was a young white cotton clothing that comprised his usual medical man who had come out as a short-term costume. With the genial smile that characterized assistant. Naturally, he felt keenly the serious- him, he asked what he might do for me. As I reness of the situation and the heavy responsibility peated the explanation his Highness listened, and resting on his shoulders. A critical throat condi- at once exclaimed: "Dr. Wanless ill? I shall go tion had developed and the younger doctor sent a myself!" With that I gladly handed over the messenger by train to Kolhapur asking me to packet of antitoxin. send at once two tubes of diphtheria antitoxin from the Mary Wanless Hospital, given by the It was office hours for the Maharajah, and the Maharajah because of services rendered by Sir grounds surrounding his office building were William. swarming with State officers and their peons (clerks) wearing the scarlet badge of office. Many no doubt had State business to transact with His Highness. Office hours came to a sudden close that day, and many disappointed politicians no doubt returned home to ponder on the strange ways of their Maharajah. He himself wore many coveted decorations conferred by the British Gov- ernment, including the Grand Commander of the Indian Empire and the Grand Commander of the Star of India, but he was never more kingly than when, with utmost spontaneity, he volunteered to go as messenger for his missionary friend and physician.

Dr. Wanless, after he had recovered, told with a smile of the Maharajah's arrival. He would en- trust the packet to no servant or medical attend- ant, but walked into the sick room with it. The patient was more than a little surprised to see his royal visitor and to hear him say, "Doctor, I my- self have brought you the medicine."

The Maharajah frequently came to witness operations. On one occasion a new nurse, who had not met him before, was on duty and in her vigilence refused him admission, unless (for anti-. septic reasons), he would don a surgical cap and gown. He meekly submitted, but as he was a man six feet tall and weighing 350 pounds, the gown covered a very small area, and the cap looked like

an inverted cup on his large head! The Mahara- In a letter to the Presbyterian Board of Forjah was known as very kind-hearted and as the eign Missions, written during his early years of patient, who was a low-caste man, was being service, Dr. Wanless bemoaned the fact that he wheeled from the room, he pulled from his pocket had closed the year with a $15.00 deficit. He a ten-rupee note and told the attendant to give it added: "Although you have announced a 50 per to the patient. The next patient for operation was cent cut for next year I will try not to let this hapa white man, and when he in turn was being pen again and am praying that friends in this wheeled from the room, the Maharajah asked, "Is country may rise up to help and not let the work he a poor man too?" "Yes," said the doctor with suffer." The prayers were answered! The hosa laugh, "He is just a missionary." pital soon became self-supporting and later al- though it was a Christian mission hospital, it The Maharaja of Kolhapur acknowledged again was supported entirely by Indian money and and again, in public addresses and State papers, three-fourths of its buildings were given by his indebtedness to the mission for benefits con- wealthy non-Christian Indians as memorial buildferred upon his State. The following quotation ings. Such a large gift is unique in mission an- (translated) from a Kolhapur State Public No- nals. tice, issued September, 1919, will illustrate: It is difficult to give an adequate idea of the Be informed that, at all public buildings, charity rest scope of what Sir William accomplished. His was houses, state houses, public government inns, etc., and an heroic adventure, but the end of his endeavor river watering places, public wells, etc., no defilement on justifies his faith in his own conception of what account of any human being is to be taken account of. could be done. He never forgot that he was first Just as in Christian public buildings and public wells, and last and at all times a missionary of Christ. and as Doctor Wanless, in the American Mission, treats He was dedicated soul and body to serve the peoall with the same love, so also here, they are to be treated ple of India and never allowed anything to conas not esteeming any unclean. flict with that career. He believed the work of healing to be a demonstration of the Gospel of Thus he endeavored to raise the status of the Christ's love. He did not talk of the institutions Untouchables of his State. which he had built, but he told of the communities of Christians in the towns where there had been William J. Wanless was born on the edge of a no Christians when he arrived in India. These forest in Ontario, Canada. Twenty-four years lat- towns were medical outstations where work was er this hardy young son of Scotch pioneers was started by graduates of his school, trained in the paving the way for medical missions in the prim- art of healing both soul and body. These dispenitive native Indian state of Miraj. Contrast the saries, in the districts eighteen to sixty miles dishumble beginnings in his medical work-a shack tant, developed into hospitals and churches with used as a dispensary and an operating table of growing Christian communities. Sir William rough boards made by the doctor himself-with often spoke of the joy in serving communion in the present! On his retirement his great heart one of these on the last Sabbath before his retireand skillful hands left the largest medical plant ment. of all missions in India. It consisted of four great institutions-a hospital with six branch hospitals, In an address, delivered at one of the many a medical school, a leper asylum, and a tubercu- farewells, in his honor, a non-Christian said: losis sanitarium. One and a half million patients had passed through the doors of hospital and dis- You have been a missionary in the truest sense of the pensary, and thousands of operations performed word and have ennobled the traditions of that high callannually. In the Miraj Medical School scores of ing. Your work of healing has always been subordinate Christian young men have been trained to practice to the Gospel message and you have rejoiced far more medicine and to preach the Gospel of Christ and over a regenerated soul than a regenerated body. India are working in mission hospitals in various parts needs saintly surgeons like you, who can lead her away of the country. It is the only mission medical from the whirlpools of political strife to the quiet waters school for men in all India. Being affiliated with of spiritual development and useful service in the cause the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Bom- of humanity. bay, the degrees are conferred by that institution. While those skillful hands are at rest, the soul The Leper Asylum cares for 250 lepers annual- of Sir William goes marching on. "His works do ly and 50 per cent of them have become Christians. follow him." "This great medical plant," writes They have their own organized church. The Sir a Board Secretary, "stands as a permanent me- William Wanless Tuberculosis Sanitarium was morial of an eminently useful service for Christ given its name by Sir Leslie Wilson, then Gover- and the people of India. This is his monument." nor of Bombay. Funds for site and buildings were raised entirely in India by. Sir William and was Small wonder that Britain knighted the Saintly opened by him in 1931. Surgeon, or that India mourned when he was called to his reward.

Children's Page; Tomi Ko

By VIOLET WOOD, Missionary Education Movement TOMI KO SAN was a Japanese girl in an Mr. Finney took out his wallet and handed his American grammar school. All week she tennis permit to the clerk, saying: "I don't want studied hard in public school. On Saturdays to play on a tennis court that is closed to my litshe went to a Japanese Christian school and on tle friend, Tomi. I wish to return my permit."

Sundays attended an American Sunday school. Joseph, Julia and Mary looked at each other.

When Tomi's best friends-Joseph, Mary and They had waited so long for permits of their own, Julia-talked of getting tennis rackets she it seemed impossible to give them up.

wanted one, too, and persuaded her father, who "What could we do about it?" they thought.

kept an Oriental art shop, to buy one for her. Then Tomi said quietly: Then Tomi and her friends studied the rules of "Mr. Finney, you are doing what our Sunday- the game, and practiced in the back yard. When school teacher talked about last Sunday, loving the four of them thought they knew the game, your neighbor as yourself."

they went with Joseph's father to get permits to Joseph, too, had listened to that same lesson play on the public courts. and remembered how Jesus had always been The four children sat on the bench in the wait- ready to help people in trouble. Joseph began to ing room of the Town Hall while Mr. Finney wonder how he would feel if he were Tomi.

(Joseph's father) spoke to the clerk. They were Finally he gave his new permit back to the clerk.

very much excited. It seemed too good to be true When Tomi saw what he was doing, she cried that they were about to get permits to play on out, "No! No! Please, you must not do that for real tennis courts instead of in their backyards. me."

Joseph's turn came first. The clerk asked him "Joseph, I'm proud of you," said Mr. Finney.

such questions as: What is your name? Where "We shall get other permits to play on the 'Y'

do you live? and How old are you? After Joseph courts, even if they are not so near home."

had answered politely, tingling with excitement, "We want to give ours up, too," shouted Julia the clerk said: suddenly for herself and Mary.

"Will you sign your name here, Joseph?" The clerk looked in amazement at the little The clerk blotted the signature and, leaning group. "I'm going to see that this story is re- over his desk handed Joseph a pink card, and ported at the next Town Meeting. If everybody said: "That's your permit, young man, and I felt that way, something could be done."

hope you win lots of games." And something was done! It took time, but to- "Thank you, sir," answered Joseph, "I'm going day in that town every boy and girl, whether to try hard to be a good player." Japanese, Chinese or Filipino, can play on the Tomi, like most Oriental boys and girls, was so public tennis courts.

polite, that she insisted that Julia and Mary get Making Use of This Story their permits before her.

When Tomi's turn came, the clerk said: "I'm Ask the Children: sory but foreigners can't play on these tennis Do you think of putting into action what you learn at courts." Sunday school?

"But I am an American girl," responded Tomi Is calling Japanese and Chinese hoys and girls "Japs, smiling, sure that this would make everything Chinks and Chinamen" doing as you would have others right. "I was born in California." do to you?

If Americans truly followed Jesus' example would there -The clerk appealed to Mr. Finney, saying: "It's be people in our country who are looked down upon beagainst the rules to give Japs and Chinks per- cause they have different colored skin?

mits." Activities: The tears started in Tomi's eyes at the word, An interesting contest would be to see which child can "Japs." Many times she had been called that in name the most articles that Tomi's father might have the school yard and on the street, and did not like in his art shop. (For exam~le: rice, kimonos, tea, jade, it. But Tomi was brave and did not let herself vases, pottery, china, prints, candied ginger, spices, dolls, cry. lanterns, fans, lacquered objects, tableware, dish gardens, etc.) Joseph, Julia and Mary were astounded. They couldn't believe that anyone could ever think of If children are far from a museum, they might visit their dear friend as a foreigner or unfit to play an Oriental art shop or a Chinese or Japanese Sunday on the public courts. school. Stimulate their interest by photographs, stamp collections and illustrated books of Oriental flower ar- rangements and miniature gardens.

[ 542] I Effective Ways of Working 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MISS GRACE W. lVlcGAVRAN, 5718 OAK AVE.. INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA ~=====================l~ From a Treasurer's Notebook to let the group at headquarters one of them the Guild library have some idea of what they can and instituting a real system of (The following are actual notes count on from us. But we know issuance and check-up, with taken from the notebook of one of right now that our incomes will fines as in the case of the public the officers of a missionary organiza- be just about the same. Why library, the service rendered be- tion. The record was not completed can't we set our goal in June ing considered a direct contri- there; but a year later, without any and then have three months' bution and a small fee being money-raising dinner or bazaar or head-start? paid. Certain other possibilities similar device, that group reached its are open for work by which giving goal-and twenty dollars over. May 10th. A little figuring these members could obtain the . An educational exhibit and program with paper and pencil gives minimum 25 cents a month pay- of real value to the community was some curious results. We have ment. put on in cooperation with the Wom- 29 members. Our aim in giving en's Missionary Society. The aim -don't ask me why-is $410. May 11th. Further thought was to present the best features of That means an average of $34.00 suggests that any responsibility the year's study to a larger number each month. It is only a little which becomes delinquent for than is reached by the organizations over a dollar a month for each good cause at the end of each themselves; the Guild's share of the person, but we have some mem- three months' period, should be net receipts (from the 25-cent and bers who do not tithe and some made a joint responsibility, and 15-cent admission fees) was forty whose income would not permit some means devised for clearing dollars. that high giving in addition to it at once and for redistribution their other church obligations. of it for the future. Why not survey your own members' So a bit of uneven figuring giving goal in somewhat the same brings the following: May 12th. There are numbers way? Make a big chart with a place of women who are not having for each pledge, starting with the 2 pledges of $5.00 a month-$10.00 any share in the world-wide task larger ones and progressing down to 3 pledges of 3.00 a month- 9.00 of the church right in our con- the smaller gifts. Trace over with 3 pledges of 2.00 a month- 6.00 gregation. We wish they would red or blue or green as each is taken 3 pledges of 1.00 a month- 3.00 join in the fellowship of our up, giving no names, but indicating study and social life. But it is the amounts pledged or received.) $28.00 also quite possible for them to share in the responsibility. A May 8th. We had our meeting which means, you realize, that eleven canvass of the situation might of the Business Women's Mis- people will be carrying all but $6.00 be made. A financial approach sionary Guild last night. June of the responsibility each month. But should not be made unless it be- 30th closes the missionary year, it will be eleven who are able, pro- comes evident that they do not and we have turned in to the portionately, to give that much more. care to become members in full treasury just over half of the fellowship. amount of money we feel is 6 pledges of $0.50 a month-$3.00 what our group wants to con- 12 pledges of .25 a month- 3.00 Sacrifice1 tribute to the cause of missions this year. We have sold cards, $6.00 A Dialogue on Stewardship have had dinners, have had spe- cial gifts, have had entertain- will make up the total. 29 pledges of Scene: The corner of a living room. ments. Now we are trying to 29 members will equal $410.00 in the Two easy chairs, an occasional table arrange for a very attractive year! and a floor lamp so set that it lights entertainment which will inter- the characters from the side away est people other than those in May 10th. There are a few from the audience. the church whom we feel we members who, since the depres- have bled quite sufficiently in sion, have been without any in- Characters: Julia Farrell and her our cause this year. We are not come whatever. It might be pos- friend, Maurine Day. very happy over the situation. sible to turn over to them the Some of us feel we are giving responsibility of selling the Time: Late afternoon. until it hurts, but most of us Christmas cards which the Guild wonder if there isn't a better has sold for long enough to have The scene opens as Julia and Mau- way. had it become more or less of an rine come in from outdoors, C'oat~ institution and a service in the and hats on. May 9th. We've been think- community. There is also the ing. September is the time to possibility of turning over to 1 Book Rights Reserved. Grace w. Mc- "accept goals" or in other words, [ 543 ] Gavran.

Julia: Let me have your Julia (smiling a bit): Well, ber that poem-I can't say it all, things, dear. I'll pop them onto I don't. I tell you it's too hard. but two lines of it sing through my bed. Be back in a moment. You just said so yourself. my mind like a warning every (She departs with the wraps. time I plan to spend: Ma'/,lrine sinks into a chair, Maurine: But, -but – Well, yawns, picks up a magazine, I will ask it! Where did you get I have more clothes than I can wear. glances at it for a few moments that ten-dollar bill you put in? Their head and hands and feet are and then, with it still open be- I know it was a ten, even if you fore her, becomes absorbed in did try to fold it so it wouldn't bare. thought, looking absently at show. nothing and frowning a bit.) I can't sacrifice, Maurine, but I Julia: Oh, that! I don't mind can live with voluntary re- Julia (coming in again): Why telling you. I used to get all hot straint. That's what I've discov- and bothered when I heard ered. With those words ringing so solemn? You look as if all things like that today and feel in my heart, I can keep from the cares of the universe were as if I should make some tre- getting the more that will leave on your shoulders. (Smiles at mendous sacrifice. Once I tried me poverty-stricken when I Maurine and takes her own having subsistence meals twice most want to help. It's not sacchair. Picks up her knitting or a week. But Jack hadn't heard rifice. It's a way of living. It's fancy work.) the appeal and took to going to not a struggle. It's a contest in the restaurant those nights. So which I expect to win. There's Maurine: It's silly, I know, it didn't work. And then I tried no regret in it. Only content- but that woman's talk sort of doing without the next garment ment. haunts me. Makes me feel as if I was going to buy. But I'd have I ought to make some tremen- to get it eventually, so that Maurine (thoughtfully): It dous sacrifice and send a whole didn't work. I decided I wasn't sounds as if it might be a way pile of money. Of course, I cut out for sacrifice. out for me. (Pulls a shopping know it's silly to let her upset list from her purse.) "New flow- me so . . . ! Maurine: Then how do you er for blue dress." My present manage? flower is almost new. It isn't Julia (thoughtfully): I don't that I need a new one. I just think it's silly. We're pretty Julia: Once I decided sacri- saw a delicious new shade in well hardened in our generation fice was too heroic for a nature flowers at The Betty Shop. I to pleas of pity, but she wasn't like mine and gave it up, I be- suppose right there . . . your asking for pity exactly. gan to think. If I sacrificed two poem would come in, dresses it would give me twenty Maurine: That's what got me dollars to spend. Good dresses, . . . more than I can wear. down. The very fact that they not just everydays, of course. Their . . . feet are bare. are fighting to change things Well, when I came to plan my and expect to eliminate that con- clothes budget, I just cut it down I see, Julia. I can't get that dition, yet must have help to twenty dollars to start with and flower now. I don't need it. It save the children caught in it to- put in a flat twenty dollars for won't be any real sacrifice to day from utter ruin. emergency giving. That's a dol- give it up. (Folds up list and lar and sixty-six cents a month. puts it away.) Voluntary re- Julia: It's different, all right. I didn't leave out any dresses. I straint. I like that idea. A way Not just an endless chain. It's don't buy more than I need. But of living! (Glances at her . a present emergency. And so I found that I could cut out watch.) Mercy! My poor in- enough little things and make a fants will think they've lost close home no one else can be pair of stockings last a little their mother. responsible! longer by prompt or careful darning, and make one belt do (Both rise.) Maurine (gloomily): And I for two dresses, – oh, there were a hundred things I was Julia: I've been thinking of can't do a thing. Not a thing. spending from ten cents to a adding a verse to the Scriptures I've just spent every cent I have dollar on that I could do with- lately, Maurine. (Smiles mis- to spare on things I need. If it out! And there was my twenty! ! chievously.) "Justice is better had been last week, I might have than sacrifice; and the life of let that last dress go, and yet- Maurine: But you did have to restraint better than emotion." Julia, I don't have more clothes do without. Nice addition to Proverbs, eh? than I need. How can one sacri- fice a dress or a hat? I don't Julia: I never said I didn't. I (They go out, chatting inau- have a whole shelf of hats. I said I had quit sacrificing. It's dibly.) only get just the one I need for not sacrifice to plan carefully. each season. It's fun to beat your own budget. Why Hang On?

Julia (slowly): Well, if you Maurine: I'd mind having to Stewardship is not just a must know the truth, I've given cut down on little things. I hate question of what one gives. It up sacrificing. It's too hard. watching pennies. is often a question of that to which one hangs on. Maurine (startled): Why J ul- Julia: So would I if that were all there were to it. But there's *** ia! I might admit it's too hard more than that. Do you remem- for me. But you! You must sac- 1. If you can admit, "My rifice something! You always closet shelf holds a clock I shall seem to have a huge amount to hand in when things like this come up. You must sacrifice.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

never have mended because I Have you made any serious A Column of Horrors! now use electric clocks; an old attempt to persuade members of toaster that has been replaced your society to face the possibil- Miss X opened the large by a gleaming streamlined mod- ities of service with such things packet of scrapbooks to be sent el; some dishes that came to me to which they are hanging on? to the foreign mission field. Her with the purchase of a certain "It might come in handy" was unbelieving eyes were startled commodity, but which I shall an excellent watchword for fron- by an accumulation of the heroes likely never use; and by the tier living, but it is a drag upon and heroines of Hollywood. way there are a couple of old- us today. As a result of such Thousands of them! Assembled fashioned rockers up in the stor- hoarding our hours are filled with infinite care! Pasted painsage room," -if you can admit with storing and dusting, sort- takingly into Jumbo scrapbooks! that, you are hanging on. You ing and rearranging. This robs Carefully indexed! Miss X are not rendering account of us of power to give that which wilted. She decided to leave till what you have which should be will make life easier for our fel- a later day the writing of the in circulation. The Salvation low men. letter of acknowledgement to the Army, the Goodwill Industries donors. and other organizations can use Why not present this idea in those things to rehabilitate men. a dramatic form? Have a speak- The amount of customs duty . You are using them to accumu- er give the first paragraph. A which had to be paid on that late dust. second speaker, with arms package from home made the loaded with objects, give the missionary-on-the-Congo gasp. It *** second. A, third represent the must be paid from his own sal- third. A fourth may dramatize ary, though the package was for 2. If, hanging in your clothes the fourth. Then announce that the mission. It contained "25 closet, you can find unneeded or a committee of two with a car yards of silk," said the declaraunused dresses, out of style, and a list of possible articles will tion. "Silk! In Africa!" The slightly worn or faded and re- appear at the door of each mem- missionary was doubtful. When placed by something you like ber during the week, ready to the package was opened words better-if you can find them receive contributions, to discuss failed him; the yards of silk there, you are hanging on. The further the list of articles and (declared at retail) turned out charity organizations of your to help decide as to the possible to be scraps of taffeta cut into town can use those garments to usefulness of things that the quilt pieces! And taffeta, Genclothe the naked. You are using member has hung on to, and tle Reader, rots in a very short them to dry-rot! promising to return later if time on the banks of the mighty there will be a second donation Congo. *** ready. How welcome were those Vis- 3. If there are lying about Of course, your list of usable itors-from-Home. They wanted shoes, needing repair but which articles will be made after conyou have not bothered to take to sultation with organizations to see the work; were anxious the shoeman, shoes that pinch which can use them. A truck and so are seldom worn, shoes may be need if large articles are to know more of India. Yes, out of style that you do not care to be donated. The calling com- they would enjoy nothing more to wear, shoes that might come mittees will compile this list. in handy some time but never Perhaps the men of the church than a week at the Christian do-if you are keeping such, will contribute the use of a truck Mela or Camp-Retreat with the you are hanging on. They can to take things to a near-by town missionaries; they would take be used to enable others to walk if your own town cannot make life exactly as the missionaries the wet wintry streets dry-shod. use of them. did. The place was a lovely spot Why keep them to give you a far from railroad and still farsense of oppulence? Such a project can be carried ther from stores and shops. out once a year. It trains mem- Tents dotted the landscape. The *** bers of the society to be alert as Visitors-from-Home were de- to possibilities of giving rather lighted. The evening meal of 4. If you have stored away than hanging on. delicious curry and rice was scraps of new cloth with the served. "We don't eat any Inthought that some day you may If you have a group in your dian food," said the Visitorsquilt; old silk garments that society which sews, you may from-Home, sweetly but deteryou think you might make into want to retain some things, such minedly. The face of the misa hooked rug; pieces of cloth or as quilt pieces or pieces big sionary's wife was inscrutable as partly worn garments which you enough to make children's gar- she ordered soft-boiled eggs for plan to make over some day,- ments, for a service project of the Visitors-from-Home. In her if they are there, you are hang- your own. A committee should mind words began racing: ing on. Busy fingers at sewing decide after things are collected "Eggs for dinner? Eggs for clubs and settlement classes will just what goes where. Do not lunch?? Eggs for breakfast??? make use of them, while you will despise odds and ends. There's no way to get American only dream about it. food now. What shall I do?"

BULLETIN

Council of Women for Home Missions EDITED BY MISS EDITH E. LOWRY, 297 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y.

INDIAN AMERICAN YOUNG PEOPLE The Joint Committee on In- PART OF ONE CHURCH SCHOOL CLASS ON A HIKE TO THE HILLS. dian Work of the Home Mis- RIVERSIDE. CALIFORNIA. sions Councils (Council of Women for Home Missions and Home Religious Work Director said, "I whom she felt responsibility. Missions Council) presents such a united Christian approach to want to talk to you. I decided Their mother is dead and the Indian American young people in six United States Government tonight for sure that I want to two girls live with an aunt in boarding schools where young people coming from reservations go to a Christian training school ' a country community with no are in new surroundings and feel shy, homesick and strange. to become a nurse." Application church. Soon after Betty's re- The six schools being served blanks were filled out a few days turn home she wrote the Reliin this .way are reaching approximately 3,000 students and later for training at a Presby- gious Work Director at school, are located as follows: terian mission. · (This girl is 'We have in our house a little Albuquerque Indian School, Albuquerque, New Mexico. from a Presbyterian field. ) Word Sunday school. We have neigh- Flandreau Indian School, Flandreau, came back later that there was bors' children come in. Could South Dakota. no room for her. The girl then you help us in our community?' Has k e 11 Institute, Lawrence, Kansas. decided to take post-graduate The Director sent a package of Salem Indian School, Chemawa, work in high school in the mean- papers, pictures and cards. In Oregon. time. The following year she en- thanking the Director for the Sherman Institute, Riverside, California. tered the Presbyterian mission helps she added, 'We have a sing The sixth location is a fine place of and this fall graduates as a on Wednesday nights. We have rural community work being developed in Eastern Oklahoma, near Stillwell. trained nurse ready for work. more older people here then. Of There is no greater need today The Religious Work Directors course we have no piano, but– in missionary work than for follow the struggles of the stu- plays the guitar and that is good churches and denominations to work together in presenting the dents as they return to their enough. I am trying to learn to Christian message in a united reservations during the summer play one too. Here's hoping I way. or after graduation and by learn.' " The interdenominational Reli- friendly encouragement often The stories that follow, sent gious Work Director is willing have the satisfaction of seeing by the Directors, emphasize the to listen, no matter what the those students rise to positions need for more of this kind of problem. Individual lives are of leadership among their own follow-up, serving all denominaoften reshaped by this friendly people. guidance of the Religious Work tions freely but ministering to Director who ministers to them Here is the story of a girl who the student's need first of all: through worship services, social is making the best of her opporgatherings, games, choir 'prac- tunities: "A senior who grad- What the Church Is Doing tice, discussion groups and personal consultations. uated this spring went home "Nellie and Sam, graduates of a with her younger sister for few years ago, came to see us re- Let us consider the case of a girl, a senior in school, who, following a meeting of the Missionary Society in the home of the [ 5461

BULLETIN: COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

cently and upon invitation stayed to supper. Through most of the evening we visited and talked over experiences of school days. Toward the end of the evening Sam said they must go. They thanked us sincerely, and I walked out to the door to bid them good night. They started down the walk, then re- turned hesitantly. 'She's got something she wanted to say to you, Mr.

–' 'Well, I wonder what it could be!' I grinned. (Oh, I had a 'hunch'

all right, for I had talked over some personal plans with this boy weeks before.) " 'We've been married three weeks!' Nellie said, shyly but happily. Sam is a carpenter here in town. Both are Christian students, graduates of two years ago. And that's what they had come to tell me in the first 'Place!

How I love them for it, and for the friendship which has lasted and which has opened anew to the blessed coun- selling about plans for a new Christian home! They'll come often now- and the latch string's out!"

What Church People Can Do "Our most pressing need for the CHILDREN FROM HOMES LIKE THIS COME UNDER OUR INFLUENCE IN Chapel is a good resonant bell for the GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS. belfry. For several years we have discussed this. More and more each senior in-University. There will gets swellheaded because he's had year it takes on significance because surely be a place for him in the world some rare experience, or because he we live here with these boys and girls when he is ready. For he is deter- gets boosted to some office-well, it's as a community and they need some- mined to go back to his people in just too bad for his leadership.' thing to bring to mind and heart the eastern Oklahoma, and live before call of worship and Christian service. them the Christian life which he has "'I see what you mean . . . I'll Perhaps an individual or a group found so abundant. sure try to do this thing right,' and I might take this matter up as a proj- thought I caught a square set to his ect." *** jaw as he started putting on his foot- ball uniform to go out on the field to *** What the Indians Are Doing practice. Joe's an orphan. The first white man this Navajo ever saw he "Dorothy is one of our most pop- An Indian girl, about sixteen years ran from for dear life and hid among ular and finest students but one who old, meditating on the future has this the sheep-just another wild creature has a real problem in her future. She to say: "The preservation of the In- of the desert a few years ago. is a complete ward of the Government, dian race is necessary but, I think it her parents having died within a week must be done through the Indian "He waved his hand to me from the of each other, about five years ago. youth preparing themselves for re- field as I watched him at practice. They left six children; Harold, an sponsible positions and the more we He'll remember!" older son who is now working; Dor- prove ourselves the more responsible othy who is in school here in –; positions will be waiting for us. We *** and four smaller ones who are now cannot go on living in the past, dear being cared for by a family. They as it was to the hearts of our nature- "Our so-called sophistication also had all been separated until these ar- loving people. There is a future, appeals to the Indian, particularly the bright with dreams of happy homes, young person. They readily adopt rantrements were made. of positions well-filled, of friends our dress and manner and along with "Dorothv came here after her par- among all races and of better under- that the cigarette and liquor. I think standing of ourselves and others. We that too often all they see in us is the ent's death and has been here ever are proud to be Indian and we are outside and they follow our pattern." since. She has a pleasing personality glad to have a chance to make others and appearance and has been active proud of us too." *** in religious as well as school activities and is one that I would like to *** The Christian spirit finds exsee go back to her people as a Chris- pression in Indian life in service tian leader. Her parents were Chris- Joe, the captain of this year's foot- for others: tians and gave the children a good ball team has just returned from a beginning for that life. That hope for wonderful conference trip and tour "Two of our finest speakers among Dorothy needs the prayers and inter- which the religious work director the Indian girls–one a Navajo, one a est of Christian people." helped him attend. They are sitting Hopi, themselves inseparable pals on the cot in Joe's room. though their ancestors were bitter en- *** emies-gave earnest talks saying that "What shall I do for my life work?" "'Joe, the very fact that you have old emnities were dead and friendly We have all asked the question so had this privilege and that you have ties strengthened by Christian influ- many times. But to the Indian living been chosen football captain too has ences." in a white man's civilization it is one a little bit of danger in it for you, with especial sil4nificance. Few there did you know that?' Joe looked at his And at Christmas time Indian boys. are who face the matter as did this friend keenly, but a little puzzled. and girls at Sherman Institute pack young Indian man. Left an orphan at 'That's right, Joe. The really great boxes of toys which they send to the a very early age, handicapped most leaders are the ones who keep their Migrants in the cotton fields in Cali- of his life with a speech impediment, hearts and their sY'm.pathies right fornia. They have little to share, yet which he is successfully overcoming, close to the hearts of the people they they experience the feeling of inner with little or no money, he is now II. mix with in everyday life. If II. fellow happiness that comes from joyous giving.

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I Our World–wide Outlook A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ~'I======~EDI=TED=BY=MR=S. =HEN=RIE=TTA=H.=FE=RGU=SON=, X=ENI=A, O=HI=O ======= WESTERN ASIA in the constitution, calling Tur- tlements have welcomed visiting key a Moslem country, was de- mISSIOnaries of the Hebrew New Day in New Turkey leted ; then religious schools, Christian Fellowship, and Jews orders, and religious uniforms, are freely purchasing the Scrip- Hope for true religjous liberty were suppressed; Friday as a tures, although Christian work in Turkey, when Christian mis- holiday was abolished. Not only in Ute villages has had to be sionaries will be welcomed, is this, but there is distinct anti- largely discontinued. The Misseen in a bill before parliament religious teaching in many of sion to Mediterranean Garrisons to offer amnesty to the 150 polit- the schools. Not long ago the and the International Christian ical offenders, exiled from Tur- government ordered the sale of Police Association report enkey in the early days of the Re- 300 mosques in Istanbul. couraging work among British public. It is remarked all over soldiers and police. the country that a new day has -Alliance Weekly. dawned, when Turkey can for- -World Dominion Press. give and reinstate those who Since the Balfour Declaration fought to prevent its emancipa- Trans-Iranian Railway tion. One Turkish paper said: Changes in Palestine since the "This amnesty creates a new Jews were promised a national Last August construction of atmosphere throughout the whole home are reflected in the busi- the Trans-Iranian Railway was country … it will strengthen ness advertisements, such as completed. The line was begun the power, the stability, the those of the King Solomon Bank, in 1927, and fulfils a dream of honor and fame of the country Zerubbabel Bank, Judea Insur- Iranians. The ceremonies atand of the revolution, both at ance, Dead Sea Bath Salts, etc. tending the opening of the road home and abroad." There is a training ship the were most elaborate, with high Sarah I, for Jewish sailors, officials present. The station was Another editor commented: flying the blue and white Zion appropriately decorated and a "The movement toward a gen- flag, operated by the Zebu- ribbon was stretched across the eral amnesty for political of- lon Society (Zebulon was the line. The crown prince and the fenses means that the way is be- seashore tribe). shah each tightened a gold nut; ing prepared for freedom of dis- the shah cut the ribbon, formalcussion. In order that this free- Not the least interesting is ly opening the service. The road dom may widen, writers and the Palestine Symphony Orches- connects the Caspian Sea with critics should be positive and tra. The hounding of Jewish the Persian Gulf, and additional creative, recognizing unity and musicians out of Germany has lines connecting Tabriz and harmony as the highest values. made of it one of the greatest in Meshed are being surveyed. The Thus will be assured the condi- the world. In less than two people of Iran take great pride tions which will produce a move- months this orchestra of sev- in the fact that this gigantic ment toward a true demor.racy." enty-one virtuosos was assem- task was completed without bor- bled and developed into an har- rowing from abroad. The in- -World Dominion Press. monious whole. This occurred creased facilities of travel will in Palestine, an insecure and greatly extend the possibilities Turkey's Materialism troubled land, in a pioneering of missionary service. stage of national life. After the A writer in the Near East orchestra visited Egypt, enthu- -Press Translation Service. Christian Council's Bulletin be- siastic Egyptians organized a lieves that the future of religion Society of Friends of the Pales- Silent Ministry in Turkey is a part of the crit- tine Orchestra.-S. S. Times. ical problem of the religious life Dr. Frederick G. Coan, for 40 of the world. Since the abolition Palestine Problems years a missionary in Iran, of the Caliphate, Turkish leaders called one day on a bigoted, .have proceeded on the assump- Present disorders in Palestine fanatical ecclesiastic-the kind tion that religion had never done are having their effect on the who would be pleased to see anything but harm, and was not Christian Church in that trou- every Christian killed. Dr. Coan needed for the future. Religious bled land, where Christian unity describes his call: teaching in the schools was re- and love are assailed by racial duced, then dropped. A phrase bitterness and fear. Jewish set- As soon as I had entered the room, he ordered the servants to leave and [648 ]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

told them to see that no one was in er. This teacher then settles public, who are willing to perthe yard, and that the gates were down to a long process of educalocked. Then he turned to me and tion-two years or more-when form some kind of national servsaid, "You have left the New World he instructs the entire village and come all the way here to make me and prepares them for church ice. -The Guardian. a Christian; save yourself the trou- membership. By the end of this ble:" I thought he was simply trying time, no one needs to leave his Syrian "Servants of the Cross" to turn me off. Then to my astonish- home environment, or feel that ment he said, "I am already a Chris- he is an outcaste. This organization, a missiontian." I asked how he came to it. He ary and social brotherhood of then told me a helper had given him In one diocese reported by Mr. the Syrian Church, established the Gospel of St. John and asked him Higdon they are uniting with in 1924, is asking for funds to to read it carefully and with open the church at the rate of 10,000 carryon work among the Demind; and when he reached the last a month; and in all India more pressed Classes in India. The chapter he was at the feet of Christ than 100,000 have accepted aboriginal races of the native as His slave. He could not resist so Christianity annually during the states of Cochin and Travancore, winsome a character. Had it been past three years. The changes South India, are poverty-strickknown in that fanatical Kurdish city, observed by the upper classes in en, ill-clad and uneducated. the man's own sons would have asked the lives of the outcastes turned They live in miserable huts and the governor to behead him and throw Christian has resulted in a sim- carry worship of devils to a his body to the dogs. ilar movement among the higher point of extreme superstition. castes. Under the auspices of the an- INDIA AND SIAM cient Orthodox Syrian Church Community Appreciation of St. Thomas, the Apostle of Unhampered by Politics India, the order is making a The Frances Newton Hospital sincere effort to improve these Dr. C. H. Rice, of Allahabad in Ferozepur has been serving unfortunate people. Christian College, says: women and children of this dis- trict for 44 years. Appreciation There are a dozen members of India just now is one of the centers for this service is manifest in the order. They have no propof the world where the movement for the recently added operating erty, practise celibacy, and repeace and justice is most unhampered unit at a cost of 6,000 rupees, ceive no salary. They obtain by the politics of national fear, hatred raised by members of the Canal, their daily bread from the place and greed. There are radicals who Railway, Civil, Policy and Mili- in which they work, sometimes shout, and leaders who would foment tary Departments, and the mem- from the parish church and class war, but never has India had so bers of the Indian Christian sometimes by rice collections many sons and daughters ready to communities. The medical de- and the hospitality of friends. spend themselves for the liberation of partment of the Punjab Governtheir brothers from ignorance and ment promised Rs. 2,000 toward -The Living Church. disease, poverty and social oppression. this project. The Rajah of Fa- Surely the Spirit of Christ is alive. ridkot gave Rs. 1,000, and the Gains in Assam . . . One day he will be recognized above groups collected Rs. 3,500. and loved and worshiped as now he is Part of the money was used to The Baptist Missionary Requoted and admired. improve a ward in the hospital view of India tells of a piece of for tubercular patients. frontier work that shows real Dr. and Mrs. Rice are co-au- missionary progress. In the Ao thors of the chapter on Indian -Monday Morning. and Sema Naga Hills there were Christian colleges in the current 1,218 baptisms last year, and year's mission study book. Bihar Literacy Drive the church membership in those two tribes has now reached No Need to Leave Home A mass literacy campaign in 19,316. Nearly 500 boys and Bihar Province is an idea con- girls are under Christian in- E. K. Higdon, writing in The ceived by the Minister of Educa- struction at the station school in Churchman, says that time was tion, who planned that students Impur, the largest Baptist school when Indian Christians were be induced to spend their holi- in Assam. A total of 115 Sunthe real "men without a coun- days in voluntary teaching of day schools report an enrolment try"; and that at the Jerusalem adults. There was an enthusias- of about 17,000. How many par- Conference there was a strain tic response. Since the govern- ishes in India or the United of sadness through all that the ment had no funds to combat States show equal advance? Indian delegates said, because illiteracy, the Minister of Edu- Christians in India had to tear cation issued this call: "Let us Practical Christianity in Siam themselves up by the roots, leave try to make up our lack of finantheir families, their villages, cial resources by the earnest de- Bangkok has a large Chinese their communities. sire of our youth for national immigrant population. During service." He regards this as a the Chinese New Year's season, Now, whole villages are be- sort of personal tax. It is hoped it is the custom of the Swatow coming Christian at one time. that this example will be fol- Church workers and officers to The leaders hold a meeting, dis- lowed by the rest of the general make calls in the homes of all of cuss the matter and decide they the members and friends of the are willing to leave Hinduism or church. All firms and shops Mohammedanism and become stop their work, and an excellent Christians. Then they put it up to the community. If the decision is favorable, the next step is to go to the Christian head of the district and ask for a teach-

opportunity is at hand to give and friendless-I was forcibly er songs. Then came the kin- Christian greetings. To one reminded of a man who stood up dergarten with its play songs. humble home, the home of a in one of my meetings at home The popular movement under widow with three small children, and asked whether the Chinese Jimmy Yen early developed folk went a missionary in this call- had not religions of their own songs and taught children I:),nd ing season. The home was just just as good! A fortune teller the peasants to sing. Now the one room, with no furniture ex- had told this old woman that she national defense movement is cept a few boards on trestles to would die in the eighth moon enlisting movie stars, actors, colmake a bed, a stool or two, clay this year and her coffin is al- lege men and women to lead the stove and two or three cooking ready prepared. When asked whole country into a chorus that pans. The widow makes her liv- where her soul would go, she may tend to drown the sobs of ing by going out to cut hair, and replied: 'I don't know.' " those who mourn. -The Christian Century. must leave her children at home Christian Message for There Are J oshuas Today alone during the day. The mis- Wounded sionary expressed concern about the children, and she replied: The Chinese high command Rev. William Vander Meer of the Reformed Church in Amer- "When I go I always ask my sent out a circular letter to ica, last July, like a Joshua spy- Christian hospitals and churches, ing out the land, walked 60 miles Heavenly Father to watch over asking them to cooperate in them." -Siam Outlook.

bringing the Christian message up the valley of the Kuling Riv- to the wounded. The five er in Fukien, looking for fields CHINA churches in Changteh sent two or and houses where refugees in Her Religion "Just as Good" more workers each day to write Amoy could be relocated. He found places for 3,000. In every A writer in China's Millions letters, have personal talks, and village visited he received the tells of visiting an old devotee hold services for small groups. The work developed until it hearty cooperation of officials. of Confucianism, who had lived Amoy, distant from the prinin a temple many years attend- called for a full-time worker. cipal war areas, has its own sep- All the churches cooperated in arate relief work. ing the idols. For all these years providing the salary for the she has abstained from meat, fat and eggs, in the hope of at- right man, who was found Rehabilitation of those who taining salvation; now she is 94 among the refugees. Church will go up the Kuling valley will years old, wizened, dulled, with- women are sewing and provid- require seed, food and tools, unout hope in her face. Christian ing small comforts for the til they can harvest their first women tried to tell her of the wounded men. crop of vegetables. Old temples -Monday Morning. are to be repaired and made into love of Jesus Christ and the homes. The diet in these camps peace that He alone can give. Turning to Song calls for canned meat. Around One of the women, Mrs. Su, has an old Christian mother 93 The crash of bombs and the Amoy there is no longer a taste years old. As Mrs. Su looked at cries of the mangled continue to for fish, the reason being that this other old woman, tears so many dead bodies have been came to her eyes as she said, be heard, but above it all is "Oh, myoId mother is a hun- heard the voice of song. The washed out to sea. dred times better off than this! Chinese people are learning to -Church Committee for sing in chorus as they have China Relief.

She has the peace of God in her never done before. A training Refugee Children heart." Then she sat down by institute in Hankow has been the old lady and patiently tried turning out song leaders. Col- A letter from a Presbyterian to tell her about the peace of lege and middle-school students mission school, now being used God which passeth all under- in south, central and west China as a temporary home for tefstanding. The poor old woman have been teaching group and ugee children, indicates the nalooked absolutely blank, and mass singing. Folk songs, patri- ture of some of the problems. said she was too old to do any- otic songs, workers' songs are When youngsters were brought thing now. They assured her stirring the people's enthusiasm. in from the bombed areas, the that she need not do anything, Dr. T. T. Lew gives credit for teachers expected to see them but trust in Christ. They taught the beginning of this movement rejoice over the chance to live in her a simple prayer-"Lord to the Christian Church. In a safety, where there were play- Jesus, save me, and forgive my recent discussion group of dele- grounds, trees, food. Not at all! sins," which she repeated many gates-elect to Madras he said, Many of them had been living times. "The introduction of group sing- by their wits, and had grown "As we sat there," says the ing by the Church of China has cunning and combative. Fights, missionary, "with the idols meant a great deal to the life of greed, the notion that the school around us, and thought of this China." He went on to describe was a jail, were things to be poor old woman giving her life how children used to sing hymns dealt with. But little by little to them and fasting from meat while at play, regardless of their cleanliness, play, food, hand- and eggs-now weak and old, theme, because they had no oth- work and scout drill produced a

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

very different set of children. JAPAN -OHOSEN at home whose ideas and motives I When their school home was cannot follow nor condone. To dechanged for a more permanent State Oontrol of Religions nounce war and its perpetrators is one under the Children's Relief not enough. I must find a substitute Association sponsored by Mad- The draft of a proposed new for war. ame Chiang Kai-shek, there law affecting religious organizawere real regrets on both sides. tions has been made public. This How Peace Will Oome is the fourth time during the -Monday Morning. past 40 years that a law control- World Outlook contains the ling religion has been proposed, following letter of a Japanese Honan Mission Jubilee and each time it has been de- Christian minister in war serv- feated in the Diet. Heretofore, ice: This year marks the jubilee of the attempt has failed because the Honan Mission of the United of an article in the constitution There are many American and Eng- Church of Canada. Some of guaranteeing freedom of reli- lish missionaries everywhere in China, those who went to China in 1888 gious belief to the individual. but Japanese soldiers are not perare alive and well, and look with The proposed new law avoids mitted to call on them or go to church troubled hearts on the China of the dilemma by limiting itself to without special permission. This is 1938. The first period in the his- the regulation of the public cere- because we are very nervous to stir tory of this Mission with the ar- monies and the doctrinal prop- up international problems. As you rival in China of Dr. and Mrs. agation of the various religious know, most of the soldiers are rough Jonathan Goforth, Dr. McGil- organizations, not the personal and uneducated, and do not know forlivray and others; this phase of faith of the individual. Under eign manners. the work ended when the Boxer the present emergency it is aluprising overran all North Chi- most certain to become law. The The other day I called on Mr. and na in 1900. Two years later Christian churches, along with Mrs. H., the missionaries here, with work began anew on a larger all other religious bodies, will the permission of my officer. We had scale, but with the outbreak of then operate under a permit a long talk. They welcomed me heartthe Great War in 1914, the sup- issued by the minister of educa- fully. There were a few Chinese ply of new missionaries was cut tion, will be amenable to govern- Christians present. I was greatly enoff, but at the end of the war, ment inspection, and will have couraged and comforted by a touch of the Forward Movement Fund both doctrine and worship prac- real Christian brotherhood. I am sure made reinforcement once again tices subject to official control. that peace will come only through possible. The modern develop- Conversely there will be certain Christianity. Because of this I feel a ment of the Mission began with tax exemptions and other priv- great sense of mission. I think you the construction of Weihwei and ileges that have not hitherto must have some friends in China. Changte Hospitals. been extended to Christianity. Please send me their names and ad- It is possible that there will be dresses. Every night there is shoot- Events of July, 1937, changed no particular inconvenience ex- ing, but my heart is quite peaceful bethe whole picture, but members perienced under the new regula- cause of my faith in the Cross. I read of the Mission have not lost tions, though the churches my Bible every morning, and am courage. All the staff are re- would prefer to be free from praying all the time. maining at their posts. such governmental control. J apan Selling Out in India -United Church Record. -Charles Iglehart. As an indication of Japan's Kashgar Mission Closed Kagawa Proposes Peace desperate situation, one of Eng- land's leading papers prints the The Swedish Mission in Kash- It is reported that Kagawa following: gar, Chinese Turkestan (Sin- has laid proposals for peace kiang Province) was attacked with China before the Japanese A correspondent who is managing and burned by the Moslem lead- premier-without result. In a director of a famous firm of merer Mamud Sidjan. Governor- letter to friends in the United chants in Bombay gives news of some , General Sheng suppressed the States, Kagawa writes: interest. His letter reads:-"A sig- Moslem rising in September, nificant thing is happening here with 1937, but the local authorities Truly no group of Christians can be the quite large Japanese business subsequently closed the hospital isolated. Just in the measure that the community. They are selling off all and printing office and scattered links that bind these groups are their house and office properties, upthe Christians. The British Con- forged in love and understanding and country cotton factories, cotton mills sul-General in Kashgar rendered sympathy, will the influence and pow- here. It may be in order to get money help to the Mission, but even- er of Christianity continue. Though with which to buy cotton. For months tually the situation deteriorated you hear of individual Christians now they haven't had the money with and most of the missionaries wooed and won by the growing spirit which to buy a bale. .. . . They are were compelled to return to of nationalism, do not despair. In all obviously getting into a terrible mess Sweden. Forty years of efficient lands and in all ages, there have been financially, with a million men in the and devoted service in one of testing times for Christians and not field in China and the whole country the hardest fields of China has all have stood the test. . . . My own run by the fanatical army leaders, thus been tragically interrupted. personal views are well known. I and no money with which to buy the would be a disciple of love to all peo- raw materials for their vast indus- -World Dominion Press. ple, and this must include even those tries. Their exports, from which they get their money, have in recent months dwindled to nothing, and they have little raw cotton left."

The Kobe Cloudburst Kobe has a population of about 790,000. The city lies crescent shaped between the hills and the Inland Sea. Last July, a cloud-

burst caused the hill streams to would be seated beside me. I tion was given as to baptism, rush down into the city, carry- saw at once that it was the man the preparation and motive for ing trees and debris into the who had murdered my father, it, and what it involved, the in- streets until some sections were and I had sworn to drink his quirers withdrew sadly, and no buried six feet under. About blood. But as I withdrew down more has been heard from them.

150,000 people were made home- the church, a voice seemed to less; electric and water supply say to me, 'By this shall all men "Insurrectos" Become was cut off. An old well, un- know that ye are my disciples, Methodists used for many years, in the if ye have love one to another'; Enthusiasm, progress and ma- and as I sat down near the door, turity marked the 1938 sessions yard of a Presbyterian mission- a Man upon a cross rose before my eyes, and I heard Him say, of the Methodist annual conferary's home served the neighbor- 'Father, forgive them, for they ences in the Philippines. For know not what they do.' Then I the first time, these met in sephood; and this furnished the returned, and we took the Lord's arate places, and both were hon- Supper together." ored by the presence of goveropportunity to hand out Chris- nors and other officials of the -The Presbyterian. provinces where they were held. tian literature to all who came for water. In this crisis, some Japanese Christians opened a vacation Bible School to take responsibility for the children, Looking toward indigenous lead- ership, plans were discussed for while the adults dug themselves Bible Circles of Five out. -Monday Morning. "Circles of Five" have become electing a Filipino bishop in popular in Java. They are 1940. ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC g.roups of five young people in Although the year under re- view was marked by a series of Bridge Builders in Papua the higher classes of elementary earthquakes, typhoons, floods and secondary schools, who meet and fire, statistics show a de- Mr. C. F. Rich has served cided gain both in self-support nearly forty years in Papua un- to study the Bible under one of and in membership. In less than der the L. M. S., and is still full their number as leader. Each forty years Methodism in· the of plans for that island's future. circle becomes a sort of union of Philippines has grown to a He writes: secrecy and fidelity of uncom- mon strength, marked by per- church of more than 90,000 Once it was said of a patriarch, staunch members. "He digged us a well." In hot, wet sonal devotion. They become Papua, there would be scant praise brethren. They meet each week, -Christian Advocate. for a well digger, but in years to and attendance is a sacr(;)d duty, come they may be saying of their missionary: "He builded us a bridge." not to be missed. Printed out- National Hospital Day Why? On one of the main roads a lines of Bible study are sent to dangerous creek had to be crossed, and all efforts to bridge it had come each circle and these are dis- The Philippine Commonto naught whenever floods came. cussed at its meetings. Coordi- wealth celebrates an annual Na- Then the missionary, with the help of nation is effected by a monthly tional Hospital Day, when all villagers and his old automobile, set gathering of the leaders, most the hospitals of Manila are open to work. The old car hauled tons of of whom are under twenty years to the public for inspection, and sand, timber and cement; the people carried tons of stone with which to old. are rated by a committee headed raise the road approach to the bridge level. In a little over seven weeks of The number five was chosen by the Director of Public Welhard labor, the bridge was ready for use. "Quite interesting," some will because in Java it is a sacred fare. For the third successive say, "but hardly a missionary's job." But the bridge will stand for many number. It is the number of year, St. Luke's Hospital has years, not only to ensure safe crossing, but as a visible emblem of a fingers on one hand, and ex- won the highest award among bridge of understanding over which the Papuan may pass from ignorance presses unity. Also, it was the hospitals having a capacity of and darkness into freedom and light. number of the prayer circle in f'100 beds, or more. In announc- -L. M. S. Chronicle. Antioch, from which the Holy ing this award, Dr. Aguilar Revenge or Love? Spirit selected and commissioned Director of Public Welfare de: A missionary to New Zealand tells of a Maori Christian who PauL-World Dominion Press. clared this to be a model 'hoshad taken a front seat at the communion service. Suddenly, Requirement ~oo Hard pital, above competition. What he was seen withdrawing to the rear, then he came forward and a contrast to the days of Spanresumed his original place. Asked afterwards why he had The Protestant Episcopal Mis- ish rule forty years ago! done so, he replied: "When I sion tells of a group of people at -The Churchman. entered, I had no idea who Baguio, P. I., who recently came NORTH AMERICA to the Church to ask how much would be the charge for baptiz- Is America Christian? ing a young Chinese who wished to marry a Christian girl. It There is a strange mixture of was explained to them that there paganism and Christianity in was no charge, but that baptism America. Not long ago at To- was not just a routine conven- awnadocc, eCeoloofrfaicdioa,lsthareraloncgaeldWwPitAh ience for those who wished to marry. When further informa- the leaders of the Utes (In-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

dians) for a three-day season of already formally approved, at that attempts at law enforcesports events and bear dancing least in principle,· the constitu- ment are futile unless the moral at Easter time, culminating on tion of the proposed World sentiment of the people is back Easter Sunday. Wishing to have Council of Churches drafted at of it. -United Presbyterian. Easter observed in a manner Utrecht, Holland, last May. more fitting its significance, They are the following: Presby- Fresh Approach to World James Russell, local pastor, re- terian Church in the U. S. A.; Needs quested the official in charge of Presbyterian Church (South), the government agencies to post- Congregational, Northern Bap- Two Methodist missionaries pone the sports event, and allow tist, United Lutheran, Evangel- from Burma, Dewitt and Edna the Easter meetings to assume a ical Lutheran Augustana Synod, Baldwin, have created the "Lisle more religious aspect. This he Evangelical and Reformed, Re- Fellowship," a six-weeks "rerefused to do. Whereupon, Mr. formed Church in America, thinking" conference at "Happy Russell explained to the chief United Presbyterian, Protestant Valley," Lisle, N. Y. Sixty coland tribal council of the Utes Episcopal, Disciples of Christ lege men and women, members that throughout the United and Methodist Episcopal. of ten different races or nations, States, and the world people re- representing 13 churches and 26 gard Easter as a holy day, and Missionary News from Wall colleges, have been devoting celebrate then the rising from Street themselves to the theme of the dead of the Lord Jesus "World – mindedness," consider- Christ, just as at Christmas time Perhaps Wall Street, the finan- ing the meaning of Christianity they commemorate His birthday. cial center of New York, would as a solution for the new world's The Indians listened attentively least likely be expected to fur- needs, and the kind of individand then they asked the local nish missionary news, yet read- ual a world citizen ought to be. head of the WPA to postpone ers of the daily Wall Street the sports events: but he still Journal saw this heading in a The educational methods of persisted on having his program recent issue: "One Thousand this group are worth watching. carried out at the time set. Bible Translations." The follow- Instead of telling young people ing is a quotation from the ar- what to think, there is offered a The Indian leaders then de- ticle: whole series of projects by vised this plan. They would tell which students may learn to their people not to go to the In its headquarters in London the think for themselves, and arrive sports field until after services British and Foreign Bible Society at their own conclusions. Inhad been held in the church now has copies of the Scriptures pub- cluded in this is training in field from 9 until 10: 30 a. m., and lished in whole or in part in 1,000 dif- work. Four days each week, they would stop their bear dance ferent languages. The last two trans- after a preliminary week of at 5 p. 'ill. so that their people lations were of native tribal tongues training, the students go out by could have supper and attend in the Belgian Congo of Africa, themselves, taking full responchurch service again at night. known as the Ngwana and Sakapa sibility for their personal and As a result more people than tribes. This Bible Society was group relations, to work togethusual attended the church serv- founded in 1804 when copies of the er through churches in towns ices, both morning and evening. Bible were available in only 72 lan- and villages covering a radius of guages. The number increased to 100 125 miles of Lisle-most of cen- Paganism among many of the in 1824, to 200 in 1871, to 300 in 1892, tral New York and north cen- 200 Indian tribes in the United to 400 in 1906, to 500 in 1917, to 600 tral Pennsylvania. Careful ar- States is as degraded as that in 1928, to 712 in 1936 and to 1,000 rangements are made by Mr. found in central Africa. Their in 1937. Baldwin with pastors in adreverence for material objects is vance, interchurch hospitality as bad, their medicine men are Evidently, the Wall Street being arranged wherever posno different from the evil witch- Journal considered this of as sible. -Christian Century. doctors of the dark continent, much news value as dividend and their gross superstitions are announcements. Twenty-four Hour Service depressing. Obstacles to their evangelization include, not only "League of Decency" The First Methodist Church the character of the people, their of Hollywood, Calif., is like the language and nomadic habits, Because the alarming increase fire department and some resbut most discouraging of all the of vice and crime is preventing taurants in that it functions fact that the United States Gov- law enforcement and undermin- twenty-four hours a day, 365 ernment is actually trying to ing the efforts at character build- days a year. This service is preserve old pagan Indian cus- ing, the California Church Coun- rendered in the spirit of Christ toms. cil has formed a "League of and does not end with distribut- Decency" to enlist the churches ing baskets in the holiday sea- Approve World Council of in battling against these evils. son. A few of the things done Churches Last year, juvenile delinquency may be mentioned: over the entire state increased Twelve Evangelical Commun- from 10 to 15 per cent. The The chairman of the commitions in the United States have state authorities are becoming tee was called to a home where more and more lax in their the husband and father was out efforts to control liquor and gambling, and it is recognized

of work, a child sick, and the the Hotel Commodore. In 1836, would not claim to have orig- mother, discouraged and de- they supplied the old Hotel Astor inated it. It was Jesus Christ spondent, had purchased chloro- and there are now 426 hotels on who first said it," and opening form which she was about to use the list of those being served. his Bible the missionary showed to commit suicide. The chloro- It is interesting to know that the verse to the young Mexican.

form was taken away and the many of the Bibles disappear, so After reading it through three child given medical aid. Eventu- that the question of replacement times he exclaimed: "How wonally, the father found: a job and comes up about every third year. derful if everyone knew and the family is now on the road to As to definite results from this used that rule !" economic security. -Monday Morning. work letters received indicate Other services have been: great help in many instances. wheel chair furnished, medicine Hotel managers report that they Porto Ricans Meet Their bought, utility bills paid, helped are often asked for a Bible, if pay rent, helped find new homes, Quota helped keep young people in high one is not found in the room. Cases have been substantiated Bishop Colmore of Porto Rico school and college, furnished where the reading of a hotel is now in the 25th year of his layettes, secured employment, Bible has been the means of re- episcopate. He fee~s that spiritmade funeral arrangements- straining a person from suicide. ual life on the Island is becomthe church paying for the grave, This custom of Bible distribu- ing deeper and more vigorous settling a disputed doctor's bill, tion is now so widespread, settling an insurance claim for a through the New York Bible So- each year; this is indicated in widow. ciety and the Gideons, that a part by the 1,078 baptisms in hotel is not considered properly that diocese last year. Bishop A few more statistics may furnished unless each room con- Colmore challenges the maingive an idea of the magnitude of tains a Bible. land of the United States to this work: 6,233 miles have show a record equal to this. The been driven by one member of Church at Metlakatla, Alaska number of communicants inthe committee in making 1,373 creased by 263 or four per cent visits; 173 different families The Indian Church at Metla- as against an increase of one have been helped in which there katla, near Ketchigan, Alaska, are 339 adults, 337 children; was founded by William Duncan per cent for the whole Church. 1,019 of these visits were for seventy years ago. Its first carrying supplies, 354 for inves- twenty years were directed by Porto Rican Christians, in tigation and counsel. A total of the Episcopal Church of British spite of their terrible poverty, $3,165 in cash has been used. Columbia. It is now under local take pride in giving their full control, and has twelve elders. quota year by year, and as much Its newly installed pastor is a more as possible. Besides, they Congregationalist from Minne- sent gifts last year for flood re- One Result of Home Missions sota. Funds from William Dun- lief, and have contributed to the China Emergency Fund. Here is an illustration of what may be accomplished by home -Spirit of Missions.

mission work. Thirty-five years can's estate support the church, It's Training That Counts ago, the Lafayette Avenue Pres- which is independent. Duncan byterian Church of Brooklyn "My understanding of the sent a young man, Harry S. established a sawmill and can- principles of justice probably Murdock, to Buckhorn, Ken- ning factory which pay the cost differs somewhat from yours, tucky, to preach to the backward because I was trained in a people there. After thirty-two of city administration, and sup- Presbyterian Sunday school," years of service he died, leaving ply water and electric light, so said a prominent Porto Rican an entire presbytery of 37 lawyer to a member of the cabchurches which had their origin that every home has electricity, inet. Here is the cabinet mem- and there are no taxes.

-Presbyterian Tribune.

under his ministry. There is LATIN AMERICA ber's reply: "If your underalso at Buckhorn a school of 400 standing of justice differs from pupils, an orphanage, hospital, If Everyone Obeyed the mine, it is because the teachers mission farm and various other Golden Rule! in the Presbyterian Sunday institutions. "By the way," said a young school where I was trained were In honor of this founder, Ken- better than those who taught federal employee to a mission- you." -Dr. Angel Archilla. tucky has named a new state ary in Mexico, "I have been told road Murdock Trail. that in the United States they "Applied Meditation" in Cuba have a beautiful motto-per- More Bibles for Hotels haps a law or decree-some- At the close of a religious Placing Bibles in hotels is a thing about doing for others conference in Cardenas, Cuba, practice of more than 100 years' what you would like them to do the young. people in attendance standing with the New York for you. Can you tell me what agreed that the most helpful fea- Bible Society. Just before this is?" To which the mission- tUre had been the hour of "ap- Easter new Bibles went for the ary replied: "The government plied meditation" in the mornfirst time into the 1,956 rooms of officials know about this law, but ing, when each sought a place

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

of prayer. It was here they said widow and several children liv- of a permanent Bible Room in they found their place in future ing in surroundings not fit for the British Museum. The exhi- Christian work. Opportunities animals, undertook to clean bition at Sion College includes were offered to enlist in the dif- things up. She got clothing and some of the most famous ediferent activities of the Church. shoes for the most needy, and tions ever published, one being took one of the children to pub- the "Great Bible," printed in Among their practical under- lic health clinic. "She's really 1539, partly in London and parttakings was the pUblication of a ill-take her to the hospital," ly in Paris. In 1540, it was reweekly paper to be financed by said the clinic doctor, but at the printed in London as "Cranthe young people themselves, hospital there was no room. mer's Bible," and contained a and promoted through the activ- Back she had to go to her miser- preface by that ill-fated archities of their societies. This able home while the liguena con- bishop. Copies of the four polyweekly will take the place of the sulted the Red Cross. "Send her glot Bibles are in the exhibit. supplement in the monthly mag- to our clinic," they said, but on azine, Herald Cristiano. clinic day the child was too ill The Bible Room at the Mu- to be moved. So the League seum is designed to show the -Monday Morning. woman, not to be daunted, is history of the Scriptures in Eng- herself giving what treatment lish from earliest times. Half Indians Seeking aNew and help she can, teaching the the exhibits are in manuscript Religion mother at least the rudiments of form. The middle English period sanitation, and living up to the is represented by psalters. Then A group of Indians – the League motto, "Saved to Serve." there is a series of Wycliffe edi- Aymaras-who live behind the tions, which were forbidden unmountains that divide Lake Titi- -Presbyterian News til the 16th century, when one caca from the fertile lowlands Service. copy, here shown, was presented of Bolivia's interior, sent a few to Queen Elizabeth. soldiers to the war between Bo- New "Y" in Buenos Aires livia and Paraguay over the The printed editions began Chaco. One of them came with The Y. M. C. A. of Buenos with the only surviving fraga tale of a new religion, which Aires realized a dream of many ment of Tyndale's New Testahe began to tell his neighbors. years when it opened its new, ment. Cromwell's injunction is He told them that these evangel- modern building last June. It is shown beside the "Great Bible." icals did not lie or steal, that strategically located in the heart A woodcut on the title page they did not drink, not even at of the city and greatly extends shows Henry VIII handing the feast times, that they did not the service of the "Y." About Bible to Cromwell and Archbisquarrel with each other, and 5,000 people visited the building hop Cranmer; while below, a that they were happy because on the opening day, and some crowd of people have streamers God loved them. 1,000 made use of the athletic issuing from their mouths bear- department the first day it was ing the legend: "God Saue the Evidently the story made a available. Public confidence in Kyng." great impression on the Indians the Association's work is eviin this village, for they soon be- denced by a government grant Quakers in Spain gan to try to live according to of $92,000, of which the first inthe principles of the story, and stallment has been paid. Local It was a year last August left off drinking and stealing donations of $60,000 more have since the first group under the from one another. They have been received. Non-partisan Child Feeding Misrecently asked that a teacher be sion of the American Friends' sent to them. They have no reli- The Buenos Aires organiza- Service Committee went to gious guidance of any kind. tion dates from 1902, and since Spain to work on both sides of then it has constantly main- the conflict. The work is spon- -Christian Advocate. tained an all-round program of sored by the Federal Council, youth development by which and other religious and social How Chilean Women Work more than 40,000 young men organizations. In all, nine Amer- have profited. Its budget is icans have gone: four Friends, Chilean Christian women have raised entirely by fees and local two Mennonites, two Brethren a Liga, or League for Service. contributions. and one Methodist. Absolute Besides the work they do as a commitment to the way of peace group-sewing and knitting for -Christian Century. and spiritual sensitiveness have the poor, visiting jails, houses been regarded as essential qualiof correction, orphanages, asy- EUROPE fications, in addition to special lums, hospitals and homes-they training and general ability. Two lose few chances for individual "First" Bibles on Display of the American representatives service. A liguena offered to have been social workers, three take into her own home the child The 100th anniversary of the missionaries, one a peace workof a very poor woman who was setting up of the English Bible er, one a youth leader, one a stuto go to the hospital. Another in parish churches is being cele- dent and one an accountant. At set out to prevent the marriage brated in London this year by present three workers are in of a girl of fourteen to a man an historic exhibition at Sion much older. Another, finding a College, and t~e establishment

loyalist Spain, two in nationalist is lessened for those who have maintain a keen religious life in territory, as compared with the not been in this organization. each of its members, it organizes original one worker on each side. Those already in office are for- pilgrimages in Yugoslavia and bidden to send their children to Palestine and also "retreats." The first great need was found church schools. Its members undertake to pray to be for milk. Four milk sta- every day and to read religious tions have been established, and The above mentioned visitor books. Many villages have been women come as far as six miles, to Austria quotes verbatim one transformed, new churches have bringing undernourished babies of the leaflets which is being cir- been built. When a lecture was to these depots, the only places culated in Austria containing given on the organization and in that part of Spain where milk "50 points" directed against objectives of the Pilgrims, the is obtainable. Workshops for Christianity. This leaflet is one speaker ended with the quesrefugee women and girls were of a number that were issued to tion: "Do you believe that started and a boys' workshop the girls' section of the Hitler Christ will vanquish all difficulproduces alpargatos, or rope- Youth: ties and overcome all his adversoled sandals. The women sup- saries?" Fifteen thousand anply bedding for hospitals under Christianity is a religion for slaves swered with one voice: "Yes, the care of Friends which are and fools. For example, it says, we believe that."-Advance. run by English nurses. "The last shall be first" and "Blessed are the poor in spirit." New Oppression in Russia -Christian Century. Christianity is equivalent to Com- According to a recent news Protestant Committee in munism. bulletin, instruction in atheism Belgium will be required in all schools of German culture was on a high level Soviet Russia, beginning with In accordance with a recom- before Christianity, and has been an- 1939. A pedagogical institute mendation made last year by the nihilated by it. for instruction in atheism is to Congo Protestant Council, a be established to prepare teach- Committee has been formed in There is no Christian culture. ers for their new duties. Belgium, known as the Comite Christianity was nowhere desired, Consultati/ des Missions Prot- but pushed itself in everywhere. Jaroslavsky, head of the Soestantes du Congo Belge. Re- Christianity has corrupted the Ger- ciety of the Godless, has declared garding this Committee, the mans, acquainting them with concep- that atheism in Russia is now in Council suggested: tions, such as theft and adultery, the last stage of its struggle which were previously unknown to against religion. The year 1942', That its purpose be to create and them. he says, will mark the jubilee of maintain contacts between the Evan- How did Christ die? Whimpering the Soviet Union and the great gelical Churches in Belgium and the on the Cross. And how did Planetta festival of the victory of athe- Protestant Mission work in Congo. (the assassin of Dollfuss) die? He ism. By 1967, after half a cen- cried out, "Heil Hitler! Long live tury of communism, he predicts That it guide by its counsel Chris- Germany." that the 230,000,000 population tian men and women from the various The Ten Commandments are the of Russia will be completely godchurches in Belgium who offer them- expression of the lowest human in- less. Churches and cathedrals selves for missionary service in Con- stincts. will then be only a casual rego. A good people does not need a membrance of an early period. Saviour; only a bad people. There is one important omission That it make the Protestant work Nero was quite right to persecute in the plan: God is not taken inin Congo more widely known in Bel- the Christians. to account. gium, especially by the press, and defend its cause when required. Some of the "50 points," the AFRICA correspondent notes, are too ob- The Committee will work in scene to print; yet these leaflets Fellowship in Egypt cooperation with the Congo are issued to boys and girls at Council, and three of the larg- the most impressionable age. One of the most remarkable est and most important Belgian services of modern times was Protestant groups have appoint- Yugoslavia's Pilgrims held this year in the Anglican ed representatives to serve on Cathedral in Cairo. The service the Commission. Those who like to claim they was planned by the "Fellowship are descendants of the Pilgrims of Unity," which draws into its -Congo Mission News. will be interested to know of a ranks the Greek, Armenian, Cop- new development in the Ortho- tic and other Eastern Churches, Nazi Influence in Austria dox Church of Yugoslavia called as well as the Presbyterians, the "Pilgrim's Movement," Anglicans, French Evangelicals, Nazi authorities in Austria which is increasing in effective- GeI1man Lutherans, Methodists gain their point in a roundabout ness. Its influence is felt among and the Church of Sweden. way. One who has recently re- the country people as well as turned from that country re- among the intelligentsia, and its Seven languages were emports that no Catholic is ap- monthly periodical has a circula- ployed in the service. The openpointed to important office, and tion of 35,000. The aim of the this is the procedure; no church Movement is to promote a life trained boy may belong to "Hit- that is truly Christian, on the ler Youth," and only "Hitler basis of the Gospel. Its first Youths" can hold office; the principle is that all propagation prospect for other employment of Christianity must begin with a transformation of personal life. In additio~ to seeking to

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ing part was corporate thanks- Jesus Christ. Quietly and unobtru- fact that so many countries, giving in which the Greek, Ar- sively His command to preach that widely separated geographicalmenian and Coptic Churches joined with the Anglican, Pres- Gospel is being carried out in Dji- ly, have combined to send 6,000,000 doses of vaccine to bouti, by word of mouth, by the wit- ness of changed lives, and by the byterian, French and German circulation of the written Word. Dis- China to check the spread of communities. Another feature tribution of portions of Scripture and cholera. Australia and Ceylon of the service was the uniting of phamphlets is carried on, and Bibles have each sent to the Chinese in English, French, Italian, Arabic, Health Administration 500,000 the choir of the Cathedral with Amharic and Gujerati have been the Greek, Armenian and Coptic given to all those really interested. doses, the American Red Cross -Life of Faith. 3,000,000 doses, the Pasteur Inchoirs. A climax was reached when in English Psalm CI was stitute at Hanoi 500,000 doses, sung. It was a fitting culmina- Africa Christian Missions Rumania 1,000,000 doses, Jugo- tion to this great act of praise in The Africa Christian Missions slavia 500,000 doses, and Turso many tongues, and the Cathe- is an independent Baptist mis- key 1,000,000 doses. Gifts of dral rang with the familiar sion operating in French West cholera vaccines have also been words. received from the Serum Insti- Africa, with its center in the tute at Copenhagen, the Egyp- -Baptist Missionary Re- capital of the Niger Colony, a tian Ministry of Health, and the view (India). cosmopolitan town of about Institute of Bacteriology at 20,000, including Europeans and Buenos Aires. Sona Bata Medical School natives from every section of West Africa. It is on the main It would seem reasonable for Government diplomas were caravan route across the desert, governments and people to unite given for the first time to grad- and Arabs from Morocco, Al- as readily to stamp out the evils uates of the American Baptist giers and Tunisia are thus of war and class hatred, with all Medical School at Sona Bata, brought into the sphere of the their attendant suffering. Belgian Congo at their first com- Mission's influence. mencement last March. Govern- -The Christian. ment officials took part in the The work is mainly among the exercises, and those present in- Djerma tribe, which numbers Per Capita Giving cluded other state representa- about 250,000 – all Moslems. tives, members of near-by Prot- Preaching services in other than There has been an increase of 79 cents in the average per capestant and Catholic Missions; the mission's own buildings are ita giving of the members of the also, the American consul and forbidden by the government; 25 leading Protestant denomina- accordingly, every opportunity tions of the United States and his wife. The five .graduates is seized for making contacts with individuals, and these con- Canada for the past statistical have all taken places of Chris- versations attract many of the year, according to figures pubtian medical service for their lished by the Philadelphia Eveown people. curious, who also hear the Gos- ning Bulletin. The 79 cents in- – Watchman-Examiner. pel. crease a person means an aver- In French Somaliland Market day provides another age gift of $13.25 and a total opportunity. The same method gift increase of $14,602,188, Informal meetings for edu- is used-the curious listening in though there was at the same cated young Arabs and Somalis, as the claims of Christ are pre- time a decline of 412,148 in the for discussion and comparison sented to a single person. Por- combined membership of these of the Bible and the Koran, are tions of the Scripture are dis- denominations. proving worth while in the pro- tributed to those who prove gram of the Bible Churchmen's their ability to read either Testaments for Jews Missionary Society at Djibouti, French, Arabic or the native French Somaliland. The num- tongue. Medical work is under- The Alliance Weekly reports bers vary according to the de- taken in a small way, each pa- the launching of a campaign for gree of Moslem hostility, but ten tient thereby providing another the prayerful distribution of a or twelve men of different na- opportunity for the presentation quarter of a million New Testationalities are regular attend- of the way of salvation through ments among Jews in various ants. Several of these have ac- Christ. A school is maintained lands. A special Testament is cepted Christ as Saviour. In in which the Bible is the text- being prepared, in which verses view of the bitter opposition cer- book. Classes in reading, writ- that signify the fulfilment of Old tain to be met, the question of ing and Bible memory work are Testament prophecies appear in open testimony is a difficult one. held for the natives, and there bold face type, thus showing the are classes in doctrine and evan- Jews that the New Testament Summing up the work of the gelism for the believers. is the completion and fulfilment past twelve months, the leader of Old Testament revelation, and of the movement says: International Cooperation that Jesus is the true Messiah, and the Saviour of both Jews Of spiritual achievement there can Those who despair of ever and Gentiles. A great volume be no computation. A large number seeing cooperation among na- of intercessory prayer is being of people-running into hundreds- tions may take courage from the sought. have been touched in one way or another by the Gospel of our Lord

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~========~==============~=====I~ The Household of Faith. By Arthur The biography is brief and to destroy or degrade men and Emerson Harris. 232 pp. $2.00. largely factual. The author, who women, body and soul. This has Fleming H. Revell Company, New also wrote the life of the late F. been clearly evidenced since the York,1938. B. Meyer, gathered this mate- days of Noah and the evil effects rial during the subject's lifetime of alcohol are very far reaching. Dr. Harris, a professor in and then died before the book Miss Reed's leaflet is full of in- Eastern Baptist Theological was published. He tells the story teresting and important facts Seminary, discusses the author- of boyhood struggles, of fruitful that speak powerfully against ity and trustworthiness of the service in four important pas- the evils of intoxicating drinks. Bible, the person and second torates, of soul-stirring religious The medical accuracy of the coming of Jesus, the message of work among the soldiers in the statements is vouched for by the Gospel, the Church as "the World War, of wide-reaching eminent physicians and the spir- Household of Faith," the wit- influence as a secretary of the itual truth is endorsed by promnessing duty and privilege of its Board of National Missions, and inent clergymen. Here is a sane members, immortality, the tran- of nation-wide travel as moder- and convincing study of a great scendent call of Christ, and re- ator of the Presbyterian Church, evil. Missionaries and pastors lated subjects. The treatment is U.S. A. who wish to warn and fortify in a popular style which sug- their people against intoxicants gests that most of them were Dr. McDowell was the author will find here a great storehouse originally sermons or chapel of several books and of many of facts gathered from scientific talks. The viewpoint is that of important papers but only two investigation and from sad exa firm conservative in theology of his messages-"A Challenge perience. So Roger W. Babson and Biblical interpretation. to Loyalty" and "The Basis for says: "We ought to work des- Some statements will probably a Better World"-are given in perately for prohibition of any be challenged by those who in- the two appendices. We ,wish evil, like intoxicating drink, that terpret the Bible differently; there might have been more of is destroying and degrading our but the author's spirit is irenic his messages on Bible truths, on youth." and not controversial. the Christian solution of social problems, and on mission work The Case Against Japan. By Charles ARTHUR J. BROWN. for Jews and Gentiles. The R. Shepherd. 242 pp. $2.50. Daniel chapter on "The Closing Years" Ryerson, Inc., New York, 1938. The Life of John McDowell. By A. was written by Dr. Charles J. Chester Mann. Illus. 12 Mo. 139 Turck, a fellow worker with Dr. If, as is commonly believed, pp. $1.50. The Westminster Press, McDowell in the Board of Chris- Japanese bureaus of informa- Philadelphia, 1938. tian Education. Those who read tion in America send to Tokyo these brief chapters will be in- copies of all publications here True stories of personal spired with new courage in the that deal with Japan, one may heroism and sacrificial service face of difficulties, and new safely assume that this volume have a strong appeal for read- loyalty to high Christian ideals will not be permitted to go outers of all ages. Here is a re- and methods in social and eco- side beyond the censor's office. markable record of a young boy nomic life. It is exactly what its title sugwho overcame serious handicaps gests, and is a tremendously and became an honored Chris- Alcohol-Its Physiological and Psy- strong "Case against Japan." tian leader in America, receiv- chological Effects and Their Social The author has had ample oping the highest honors his Consequences. By Mary Lewis Reed, portunity to ascertain the facts Church could confer. Boys will R. N. 15 cents each. $10.00 per since he was formerly professor be interested to learn how he be- thousand. Published by the Author. of history in Graves Theological came proficient in tennis-with 468 Fourth Ave., New York. 193-7. Seminary, Canton. He has travone arm; preachers will be in- eled extensively in China and terested in his victory over Christian missions are an or- was there in 1936 when the J apa stammering tongue; social ganized endeavor to save men anese landed a large force of workers will find much to learn and women by the power of the marines and personally witin McDowell's ideas and ideals Spirit of God. Alcohol, as a bevas to economics and social jus- erage, is the devil's choice tool tice.

Any of the books noted In these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[ 5581 nessed their depredations. He uously to raise the standard of carryon this work to an unusual rightly considers that the con- degree. This book shows how flict now being waged is not the musical appreciation and to add this has been accomplished. Dr. beginning but rather the cul- Chisholm has made an outstandmination of a long series of ag- reverence and beauty to the ing record as a physician and gressions. He therefore devotes has been elected a Fellow of the the first part of his volume to a ministry of sacred song. American College of Surgeons concise survey of the historical but his chief interest is not the antecedents of the present situa- In a book of this limited com- curing of men's bodies, importion. He recounts the Japanese tant as that work is, but the occupation of Korea and Man- pass the treatment of historical healing of their souls through churia, the notorious Twenty- the preaching of the Gospel of one Demands, the attack on material must necessarily be out- the Lord Jesus Christ. To a stu- Shanghai in 1932, and other dent of missions the book is of . events. Then he proceeds to de- lined, yet the selection has been interest in showing how a misscribe the "undeclared war" now sion hospital can and should be, in progress. He vividly pictures made with unusual skill and not only closely united with the the ruthlessness of the Japanese, evangelistic work of the whole their indiscriminate slaughter of there is a valuable bibliography mission station but should itself helpless civilians, their abuse of become a center of active evanwomen, and the baselessness of for those who wish to make gelism, and the means of foundthe specious reasons they ad- ing new churches in hitherto unvance to justify their course. It more extended study. In com- reached districts through the is a gruesome story, and frank- contacts made with the patients. ly ex parte, but it is buttressed mon with most intelligent stu- The book reveals anew the possiby uncontrovertible facts, and bilities in personal work, even in by citations from official docu- dents in this field Mrs. Adams the most difficult conditions and ments that are of historic rec- it will furnish another link in ord. The indignant protest of deplores the flood of superficial the long and well tested chain of the author sometimes verges on evidence to the supernatural life the declamatory, and he uses too and transient hymns which and power inherent in the Word many lurid adjectives, but it is of God. hard to be moderate and judicial have appeared in recent popular in writing about the crowning This vivid record of a physiatrocity of this generation. collections and calls attention to cian's experiences deserves a wide circulation among young ARTHUR J. BROWN. the unquestioned fact that only people. They will be attracted by the well told narratives and Studies in Hymnology. By Mrs. hymns which are rooted in the it should arouse new interest in Crosby Adams. 96 pp. $1.00. the cause of Christian missions. Cokesbury Press. Nashville, Tenn., Scripture have permanence and Seeing souls reclaimed through 1938. the Gospel are the rich rewards spiritual value. of a life given to the proclama- An important contribution to tion of Christ in the non-Christhe growing literature on hym- A variety of settings of the tian lands. nology is this highly informing volume by Mrs. Adams. While Twenty-third Psalm used by the T. STANLEY SOLTAU. prepared as a textbook for study classes, it should have a wider Church during the centuries are "By Faith"-Henry W. Frost and the mission in broadening musical China Inland Mission. Dr. and intelligence among all Christian a striking feature of the book Mrs. Howard Taylor. Illus. 8 vo. groups. Pastors, choir leaders, 364 pp. $1.25. China Inland Mischurch officers and all who have and well illustrate the eternal sion. Philadelphia, Pa. 1938. to do with the service of worship will find here a wealth of vitality of the earliest manual of "There were grants in those valuable material-in fact, an in- days" when the China Inland troduction to Christian hymnol- praise. HUGH R. MONRO. Mission was born. Here is the ogy. The spiritual discernment story of fifty years of work of and sympathy with which Mrs. Vivid Experiences in Korea. By Dr. the Mission in North America, Adams deals with the great mu- W. Chisholm. IIlus. 146 pp. and of Henry W. Frost, for most sical heritage of the Church is $1.00. Bible Institute Colportage of that time the efficient Home the reflection of a lifetime of Assn., Chicago. 1938. Director for North America. It rich musical and cultural asso- is a remarkable, intimate story, ciations as author, composer, For fifteen years Dr. Chisholm well told, showing the rewards teacher and lecturer. She has has been a member of the Chosen of faith and courage, the labors won a high place in that devoted Mission of the Presbyterian of love and the reality of God's group who have labored assid- Church in the U. S. A. He has guidance and power. Much of been living in Syenchun, North this story is gathered from Dr. Chosen, where the work has seen such a remarkable development. The book is both a strong apolo- getic for medical missions and a splendid spiritual tonic as well.

Dr. Chisholm has written in a graphic conversational style which is easy reading and gives the reader many interesting glimpses of Korean country life, as well as some of the joys and discomforts which are the lot of any missionary engaged in coun- try itineration. The suggestive portrayals of various phases of native life and of Christian ac- tivities.

One of the outstanding fea- tures of the work of the Presby- terian Mission in Korea has been the emphasis placed upon per- sonal evangelism as the duty of every missionary and of every native Christian. All mission institutions, including hospitals and schools, have been used to

Frost's autobiographical notes, made by non-Catholics) that aids of coercion and punishment. letters and other records. . . . Far better is it to defend "the Protestants were as bad," the truth by loving, exploring, Henry W. Frost was born in declaring and obeying it, than Detroit, Michigan, of godly par- the writer demonstrates that by rousing against it, through ents; was graduated from the imposition of restraint, the Princeton; went into business persecution of Catholics by Prot- enmity of the rebel and the still and politics and then into work more subtle enmity of the cowfor God and the China Inland estants differed at vital points ard and the hypocrite." Mission. Here is a story of God's dealings. with the Mission from persecution the other way KENNETH J. FOREMAN. and the man; of the lessons he learned; of his growing faith about. Not only was persecu- Out of the East. India's Search for and courage and the fruitage in God. By Wm. A. Stanton. Illus. the work. It is a spiritual his- tion (where it existed) by Prot- 192 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell tory and is rich in spiritual les- Co. New York. 1938. sons to Mission Boards, to estants less severe than by churches and to individuals. Dr. With a knowledge of the In- Frost, and his wife as well, are Catholics, but it was evoked by dian people developed through shown in their quiet gentleness; forty years of missionary servtheir loving, sacrificial service, Catholic aggression, prompted ice in South India, a clear mind, their humble faith, and cheerful a warm heart and a graphic pen, obedience. The growth of the by Catholic example, was will- Dr. Stanton describes India's China Inland Mission has been search for God as he has witremarkable. Its record is in- ingly discontinued, and on prin- nessed it. The author and his spiring. There are rewarding wife went out under the Ameriglimpses of such men as J. Hud- ciple cannot be renewed. As to can Baptist Board in 1892 and son Taylor, D. L. Moody, Wm. J. settled among the Telugus where Erdman, and others. Those who past and present the evidence is there has been such a remarkread this history will find their able response to the Christian faith strengthened, their ideals irresistible. As to the future message. of service elevated, and their spiritual life stimulated. policies and probabilities, all as- Dr. Stanton sees the dire need of India for Christ and he notes Roman Catholicism and Freedom. sertions must naturally be a signs of the religious hunger of By Cecil John Cadoux, M.A.Oxon., the Hindus. He has seen the Hon. D. D. Edin, Professor of matter of opinion; but where great Christward movement of Church History at Mansfield Col- the Untouchables and its influ- lege, Oxford University. Third this is based solidly on the anal- ence on the Sudras. He is con- Edition with additional notes. 201 vinced of the fact that the only pages. 5 shillings net. Independ- ogy of past and present experi- abiding and transforming re- ent Press. London. sults in mission work come ence, and the likelihood that through the work of the spirit This is a book you will seldom of God. see advertised and very seldom basic principles will not be abanreviewed, for reasons which the After a general description of author himself points out. It is doned, the argument is sound. India and its modern progress, a frank warning against the Ro- Dr. Stanton gives the evidence man Catholic Church, not by And such a base this argument of India's search for God as seen some fanatical irresponsible in their Hindu sacred books and pamphleteer but by a professor has. Dr. Cadoux makes a strong in their religious worship. He of Church history in one of the tells of the awakening of the world's greatest universities. He case, virtually incontestable. His outcastes and among caste peogives a factual record of the Ro- ples, of the rescue of Indian man Catholic Church's deliber- thesis is that since Rome's the- womanhood and of the upheaval ate and official opinion, during in Bengal. Then he very effecthe nineteenth century, on the ory of infallibility and of the tively tells the stories of some subject of persecution; together Christian converts from Hinduwith the evidence of actual perse- right to persecute remain the ism-Dr. K. C. Banurji, Naracution practiced by that Church yan Vaman Tilak, Pandita Rain areas as widely scattered as same (except that the death pen- mabai and Sadhu Sundar Singh. Malta, Ireland and Madagascar. Here is an excellent book for No medireval bogies are resur- alty may not again be invoked), reading circles and for mission rected; the illustrations are con- study classes. temporary. Catholic propagan- wherever Rome gains power she da is likewise described, in many The difference of race contributes forms. Against the retort (often will again attempt to crush out to the richness of the world. There is no ground for assigning intrinsic all other forms of religious faith. superiority of one race over another. -Sir Walter Moberly, London. Notes bringthis third edition up to date, answering some of the criticisms leveled at earlier edi- tions,and paying attention to the relation of the Roman Church to events in Spain and Abyssinia.

While the writer's special inter- est is naturally in Great Britain, and although the Catholic popu- lation of the United States is still a minority, the warning is not less important for us. If the entire case is as mildly put as in the points where the writer crosses the reviewer's knowl- edge, the book is certainly an un- derstatement rather than an exaggeration. The basic and es- sential point however is not a matter of individual incidents but of fundamental principles.

The difference between Catholic and Protestant here is well ex- pressed (p. 123).: "If Catholics have in their dogmas the faith they profess, they ought to be willing to trust to the power of their truth to cthoenveinxcteranmeoeun~ without needing

Reed Honored The Printed Page is a

The name of Mary Reed of that never tires, never flinches, never grows disheartened. Chandag Heights, India, is high- It travels cheaply and works while others sleep. ly hOlored, especially among friends of the lepers. She will The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems be 84 years of age on December 4th, and her birthday will be cooperating with the Nile Mission Press and interdenominawidely celebrated. From many tional Committees on the field is subsidizing the production of lands messages of love and ap- Christian literature for many lands and in several languages. preciation for her fifty-five years of missionary service will come Will you help to meet the challenge of increasing opportunities to to this white-haired heroine who send the Gospel in print to Turkey, Egypt, Arabia, India, Iran? learned forty-eight years ago tliat she had contracted leprosy REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.O., President while serving as a missionary of MRS. WILLIAM BANCROFT HILL, Honorary Vice President the Methodist Episcopal Church. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, First Vice President Instead of bewailing her lot, REV. THOMAS S. DONOHUGH, Second Vice President Miss Reed returned to India to REV. JAMES CANTINE, D.O., Cor. Secretary serve the lepers. God answered MRS. JAMES M. MONTGOMERY, Treasurer her prayer and the disease was arrested so that she has been Make checks payable to the American Christian Literature Soable to spend nearly a half cen- ciety for Moslems, and send them to the Treasurer, Room 1019, tury in this service-and with- 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. out a furlough. In America there will be celebrations of the anni- lB. Lesson Books, Scholar's Read- Dannie and the Alabaster Box. Conversary at Lowell and other ing Book, 2d., Scholar's Questions, stance Savery. 62 pp. 9d. Picker- Ohio towns associated with Miss 1d. S. P. G. London. ing & Inglis. London. Reed. A commemorative tablet is to be placed on the site of her Everyday Life in India. Two Outline For This Cause. Inabelle Graves birthplace and home at Lowell. Friezes. 18. S. P. G. London. Coleman. 199 pp. Pamphlet. 25 A dramatization of episodes in cents. Boardman Press. Nashville. Miss Reed's life has been pre- Let Us Build. P. E. Burroughs. 154 pared by Miss Lulu Irwin, Mid- pp. 60 cents. Broadman Press. Gateway to Tibet. Robert E. Ekvall, west secretary of the American Nashville. F.R.G.S. 198 pp. Christian Publi- Mission to Lepers. Ganga Ram, cations. Harrisburg, Pa. one of Miss Reed's India boys, Himself. The Autobiography of a writes: "Miss Reed educated me Hindu Lady. From a Classic in Joe Lives in the City. Jeanette Perand taught me to trust and know Marathi. By Ramabai Ranade. kins Brown. 36 pp. 25 cents. IlIus. God, the Father of us all. My Translated by Katherine Van Akin Friendship Press. New York. daily life speaks of her good Gates. 252 pp. $2.00. Longmans, teaching and glorifies the name Green & Co. New York. Report of the Keswick Convention. of our Saviour." 1938. 308 pp. 28. 6d. paper, 48. Annual Report of the China Inland boards. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- New Books Mission. 1938. Edited by L. T. don. Lyall. 110 pp. C. I. M. Phila- Calendars-Young Folks Calendar; delphia. ' The Meaning of Moody. P. Whitwell Grace and Truth; Daily Manna; Wilson. 157 pp. $1.50. Revell. 18 ea.; Golden Grain Daily Medi- The Christ. A. Wendell Ross. A Ne,! York. 'tation, lB. 6d.; Golden Terx;t, lB. 3d. Harmonized Study of the Gospel Daily Light Almanac, 13hd.; Our Records. 222 pp. $2.00. Fleming No Speedier Way. Golden Jubilee of Home Almanac, 1d.; The Bible H. Revell Co. New York. the Christian Literature Society of Almanac, 2d. Pickering & Inglis. China, 1887-1937. 144 pp. $1.20. London. AdvlE'ntures of Service. Stories of Christian Literature Soc. Shanghai. modern Pioneers. D. M. Gill and The Directory of World Missions. A. M. Pullen. 127 pp. $1.00 cloth, Out of the East. India's Search for Edited by Joseph I. Parker. 255 pp. 50 cents paper. Friendship Press. God. William A. Stanton. 192 pp. $2.00. International Missionary! New York. $1.50. Revell. New York. Council. London and New York. Blue Skies. Louise Harrison McCraw. The Presbyterians. The Story of a Indian Uplands. Some Stories of the 262 pp. $1.00. Zondervan Pub. Staunch and Sturdy People. Wil- Church in Chota Nagpur. Edward House. Grand Rapids.' liam Thompson Hansche. 194 pp. H. Whitley. 67 pp. S. P. G. Lon- $1.25. Westminster Press. Phila. don. Bird 'Voices, ,sonnets, Battle-Dore. William Bacon Evans. 68 pp. 25 A Sari for Sita. Nina Millen. 36 pp. Indian Brothers. Story Lessons for cents. Friends Book Store. Phila. 25 cents. IlIus. Friendship Press. Little Children. Dorothy Meadows. New York. 31 pp. S. P. G. London. "By Faith"-Henry W. Frost and the China Inland – Mission. 364 pp. Tales from Many Lands. Stories for Conquest of the Jungle. Stories of $1.25. China Inland Mission. Phila. Juniors. IlIus. 127 pp. 50 cents. the Kingdom of God in Chota Morehouse-Gorham. New York. Nagpur. Dorothy Harris. 70 pp. A History of the Expansion of Chris- tianity. Vol. II. Kenneth Scott Tales from India. Basil Mathews. Latourette. 492 pp. $6.00. Har- 96 pp. 50 cents paper, $1.00 cloth. per & Bros. New York. IlIus. Friendship Press. New York.

~ ~bri~tma~ ~ift ~uggt~tfon

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The Missionary Review of the World — November 1936

1936

White Men and Missionaries Oscar Emil Emanuelson Pioneer Mission Work in Africa Herbert Smith A Church That Gives and Likes It George C. Southwell Hindrances to Mission Work in Africa c. S. Jenkins Islam and Christianity in Africa Today Samuel M. Zwemer More Africans on the Witness Stand Various Authors A Converted Priest in Venezuela By a Correspondent 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Yea1'

to Remember Obituary Note. of Asia several times and gave

November 15 – Men and Missions Mrs. O. R. Avison, a retired Pres- to the work of Christ both at home Sunday. byterian missionary to Korea, who and abroad. had served with her husband, Dr. November 23-24 – Stewardship Con- Avison, for forty-two years, died *** ference under the auspices of the September 15, in Cape Cod, Mass. United Stewardship Council, Day- Dr. and Mrs. Avison recently cele- Dr. Edmund B. Chaffee, Director ton, Ohio. brated their Golden Wedding. They of the Labor Temple of New York went to Korea in 1893, arriving nine City, died suddenly while making an November 23-25 – National Confer- years after Dr. Horace N. Allen, the address on September 15 at the Min- ence on the Rural Church, Ames, first Protestant missionary to enter nesota State Conference of Social Iowa. the "Hermit Kingdom." Dr. Avison Work in St. Paul, Minn. Dr. Chaffee became physician to the Korean Court was 49 years of age. He was born in December 9-11- Biennial meeting, and president of Severence Union Rose Center, Michigan, was graduated Federal Council of Churches, As- Medical College and was founder and from the University of Michigan in bury Park, N. J. president of Chosen Christian Col- 1909 and from Union Theological lege. Mrs. Avison visited hospitals, Seminary in 1916. Fifteen years ago January 11-14, 1937 – Annual Meet- trained women in Bible study, and he became director of the Labor ings, Home Missions Council and performed other missionary work. Temple which is conducted under the The Council of Women for Home auspices of the Presbytery of. New Missions. Asbury Park, N. J. Mrs. J. Livin*gsto*ne*Taylor (Sophia York. He has been a very active, liberal social reformer advocating free February S-13-International Council Strong Taylor), a very warm friend speech and taking the part of labor- of Religious Education, Executive of missions and one of the original ers and foreign-born Americans, many Committee and Associated Meetings. stockholders of THE REVIEW, died at of whom resided in his parish. He Chicago, Ill. her home in Cleveland, Ohio, on Sep- was editor of the newly established tember 25, at the age of 75 years. Presbyterian Tribune. NATIONAL PREACHING Mrs. Taylor has been very active in MISSION the business world, being the presi- **• dent of the department store of Wil- Nov. 1-4-Vancouver. liam Taylor Son & Co., of Cleveland, Dr. Jonathan Goforth, for forty- Nov. s-S-Portland. since the death of her husband in eight years a missionary in China and Nov. S-ll-San Francisco, Oakland. 1892. Mrs. Taylor took a very active recently retired, died on October 8 in Nov. 12-1S-Los Angeles. interest in the Y. W. C. A., standing Wallaceburg, Ontario, at the home of Nov. IS-IS-Dallas. strongly for the maintenance of a defi- his son, Rev. J. F. Goforth. He was Nov. 19-22-Chicago. nite Evangelical purpose and mes- 77 years of age, and went out to China Nov. 22-2s-Washington, D. C. sage. She visited the mission fields under the Presbyterian Church of Nov. 26-29-Raleigh. Canada in 1888. Mrs. Goforth, who Nov. 29-Dec. 2-Philadelphia. went to China with him, survives. Dec. 3-6-Boston. They accomplished a remarkably spir- Dec. 6-9-New York City. itual work in China and Manchuria.

DO NOT MISS THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Edil:or SOME ARTICLES IN THE OCTOBER NUMBER: SURAT AL·IKHLAS …………………………….. .Samuel M. Zwemer JESUS, THE WORD OF GOD ……………………….• .5. A. Morrison THE CRISIS IN ISLAM ………………………….. D. Van der Meulen TEMPORARY MARRIAGE IN IRAN ……………. Dwight M. Donaldson BLESSINGS ON THE PROPHET ………………………. James Robson WHY COPTS BECOME MOSLEMS ………………….. .Qummus Sergius CONTRASTS IN IRAN …………………………… .Herrick B. Young MOSLEM RELIGIOUS EDUCATION ………………….. Murray T. Titus PRE·ISLAMIC USE OF THE NAME MUHAMMAD …….. .Edward J. Jurii SUNDAY SCHOOL WORK IN THE NEAR EAST ……. .Ralph McLaughlin THE ADVANCE OF ISLAM IN NIGERIA …………………..L. Hickin CURRENT TOPICS-BOOK REVIEWS SURVEY OF PERIODICALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sue Molleson Foster INDEX FOR THE YEAR _.-~) SUBSCRIBE NOW ~o(-_.

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REVIEW OF THE WORLD subscription to your magazine. I have IMPBISS DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor let it lapse, thinking I could not af- ford it, but I need it, in the knowledge Real Comfort it gives and the inspiration I get from reading it." MRS. H. M. DElRONDE. by the VOL. LIX Nov., 1936 No. 11 Personal Items Fast Short Route publication and Business Office- Rev. Paul deSchweinitz, D.D., of Reach Yokohama in 10 Jays. It"s the Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. Bethlehem, Pa" treasurer of the mis- fastest, shortest Pacific crossing. Go sions of the Moravian Church in on the sister·ships, Empress of Asia Editorial and Executive Office— America, recently celeorated the fif- or Empress of Russia. Or take the 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. tieth anniversary of his ordination Paradise route via Honolulu. Only Entered as second-class matter at into the Christian ministry. Dr. de- 3 days longer. Go on the Empress of Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Schweinitz has not only rendered re- Japan (largest, fastest liner on the markable service as a Moravian min- Pacific) or the Empress of Canada. Ac2t 5ofceMntasrcah 3, 1879. a year. ister of the Gospel but has been a very copy-$2.50 effective worker for missions through Very low round-trip fares. Lux- Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. his executive work and as a counsel- urious First Class. Popular Tourist Published monthly, except August. lor. Twenty-two years ago it was he Class. Also, low-cost Third Class. who proposed the formation of the All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. Committee of Reference and Council Frequent sailings from Vancouver British agents – Marshall, Morgan of the Foreign Missions Conference, (trains to ship-side) and Victoria. and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, of which he has long been a member. Orient fares include passage to and London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, Of the original members of the com- from Seattle. California sailings mittee (1904-08), he only is still on connect with Empresses at Hono- 10 shillings a year. the committee. Dr. deSchweinitz has lulu. Orient ports-of-calI: Yoko- always been a warm friend and sup- hama, Kobe, Nagasaki, Shanghai, MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- porter of THE REVIEW as of every Hong Kong, (lnd Manila. LISHING CO., INC. other cause working effectively for • Also, Independmt World TOllrs the extension of Christ's Kingdom. as low as $579.90, Combination BOARD OF DIREC1'ORS of Classes. *** ROBERT E. SPEER, President Booklets, information from YOUR A. L. WARNBHUIB, Vice-president Miss Edith E. Lowry, director of OWN AGENT or Canadian Pacific: W ALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer the migrant work of the Council of New York, 344 Madison Ave.; DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary Women for Home Missions, has suc- Chicago, 71 E. Jackson Blvd.; San ceeded Dr. Anne Seesholtz as Execu- Francisco, 152 Geary St.; and 38 SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT tive Secretary of the Council. Miss other cities in U. S. and Canada. WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN Charlotte Mary Burnham, who has long experience in religious education ~@a4<: D. J. FANT and Christian social service, becomes Miss Lowry's associate. TO THB MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD *** OBIINT WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH Dr. Frank A. Smith has retired from his position as Secretary of the SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Department of Missions and Educa- tion of the American Baptist Home Editorial Chat Mission Society. In view'of his long experience in the interests of Negro Already a thousand extra copies of education, the Board has asked him to our October special number on Africa be its special representative in this have been sold and the demand still field. continues. It may soon be out of print as is the case with our June number. *** Better order now. Several articles on Africa appear in this issue and others Bi[hop Frederick Rogers Graves, may be expected in December. senior bishop of the Episcopal Church in China, has retired from active serv- *** ice. He has been one of the outstand- ing figures in the modern missionary Weare already planning the special movement. numbers of THE REVIEW for 1937. The Home Mission topic will be *** "Christ and Rural Life in America." It is a fruitful theme on a long-neg- Edward Hunter, M. D., of Wesley lected field which has recently been Hospital, Nigeria, has been made a receiving much attention from the native chief, the highest honor the Christian leaders in America. King of Ilesha, Nigeria, could confer. His title is "Oluawo, chief of native The Foreign Mission topic will be doctors." He is the only missionary "Christ and the Moslem Wodd To- to Nigeria, except Mary Slessor, to day." Great changes are taking place receive this honor. among the followers of Mohammed and the lands where Islam has long *** held sway are already yielding to the impact of Christianity and modern Dr. John R. Matt, Chairman of the civilization. This will be a very im- International Christian Council, has portant study which should attract the sailed for India to attend the Interattention of Christians everywhere. national Conference of the Y. M. C. A. Do you know where Islam is yielding This is the first meeting of this ormost to Christian influence and what ganization that has been held in the is the attitude of present-day Mos- Far East. It is expected that some lems of the younger generation to important decisions will be reached. Dr. Mott will later visit the Near Christ? East.

*** [513 ] It is time to think of Christmas and of Christmas gifts to missionaries and to friends at home. Note our special Christmas offer on the back cover of THE REVIEW. Make your Christmas remembrance of the birth of Christ one that is worthy of Him.

*** A recent letter enclosed with a subscription reads as follows:

A BIBLE STORY TO A GROUP OF WEST AFRICAN

Photograph by C. E. Whittier EVANGELISTS' CLASS, DUGER BIBLICAL SE'MINARY, CAMEROUN, WEST AFRICA PROGRESS IN TRAINING AFRICAN CHRISTIANS REVIB ORLD VOLUME LIX AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 11 NOVEMBER, 1936 Topics of the Times TURMOIL IN SPAIN through some desertions from the Loyalists.

War for mastery of other men's property and Observers declare that the contest for the control a desire to rule brings out the most cruel and of the country is likely to be prolonged. In the beastly elements in human nature. This has been meantime lives are being taken ruthlessly, valuevident in the World War, in Russia, and the Far able property is destroyed and normal life is dis- East, and now in Spain. It requires an almost rupted. The coming generations will pay a heavy superhuman leader and an unusually worthy price in taxes, poverty and moral degeneration. cause and noble spirit for combatants to resist the It is reported that already, after four months of temptations to lust and heartless murder and pil- fighting, 60,000 Loyalists and 80,000 Revolutionlage when the passion for conquest is unleashed. ists have been slain-many combatants and non- How slow ,men are to learn from past experience! combatants being cruelly slaughtered. Loyalists The more deadly the weapons of warfare the more are said to kill all "cowards" and plotters, and one inhuman is the conflict. rebel leader has declared: "My men take no pris- oners and leave behind no living men among the The news from Spain, where the fratricidal wounded." The effect on women is degrading. strife for mastery continues, brings a blush of They take their places with the men and are shame to every Christian. Both sides seem to be among the most fiendish fighters; on the Loyalist equally ferocious and heartless. The Spanish side many are bitter opponents of God and the Government forces – called Loyalists – include Church. Hundreds of priests and nuns have been Socialists, Communists and anarchists. They seek massacred and much church property pillaged and to maintain a government which will control cap- destroyed. ital and industry and will give the workers a better opportunity. They are opposed to the power Evangelical Christian work in Spain is natof the Roman Catholic Church and some are urally hindered by the conflict. The Life of Faith against all religion, therefore their cause is fa- (London) says in a recent issue: vored by Soviet Russia, by Mexico and by the ,From most of the stations of the Spanish Gospel M.ission Communists and Socialists in France. still under control of the Government all foreign workers have been ev~cuated. Meanwhile the work of the mission, The Revolutionists-or rebels as they are called so far as CIrcumstances permit, is being continued by -are fighting to establish a Fascist government Spanish evangelists and colporteurs. Where the Governwhich will be dictatorial and nationalistic. They m~n~ is in control Pro~estants have complete liberty for are friendly to the Catholic Church and have in Splr1tu~1 work. In SeVIlle, however, which is in the hands their ranks many Royalists who favor the return o~ t~e msurgents, one ~f the most promising of the misof the Spanish king. If the Revolutionists are vic- SIOn s younger evangelIsts was shot down with others torious a dictatorship is likely to be established. while standing in a bread line. This side is favored by Italy, Germany and Portugal, all of which are accused of supplying war Mr. Lawrence Elder, a representative of the mission materials to the Revolutionists. The rebel forces known as "Helpers Together" for Spain, was in Badajos seem to have the advantage in the conflict and of at the outbreak of t~e Civil War, and left the besieged forty-nine provinces only eighteen are counted town the day before It fell. He states: "Circumstances loyal to the present central government. The have changed since we left. The occupation of Badajos creirbcellisngocMcuapdyrids.eveTnhteeiern rapnrokvsinacrees baenindg asrweeIeIend- by the rebels was accompanied by fearful bloodshed. As the rebel movement is a militarist-clerical movement it is' probable that Protestants will suffer all over Spain."

estIannpt aprltasceosf othf ewcoorusnh~irpy,halvoeyaslutfofetrheed Gbuotvesrlingmhetlnyt., Prot- [ 515]

Evangelical forces are facing, on the Govern- teen hundred years they and the Turks have ment side, the communistic element that would do almost continuously controlled the land which God away with all religion, and on the rebel side, they gave to Abraham and his seed "forever." face the clerical party opposed to all Protestant religious activity. Since the close of the WorId War Palestine, while under a British Mandate, has been disturbed Spain, the home of the Moorish "Alhambra" by frequent conflicts between Jews and Moslems. and other historic buildings, is a land with a The latter have never shown ability to develop checkered history, beautiful scenery, and rich re- the land agriculturally or economically or to train sources. Most of its 23,000,000 inhabitants are their people educationally and socially and are still poor and illiterate but the past half-century now aroused because of the rapid influx of Jews, has been marked by an encouraging struggle for who dispute with them the right to develop the liberty and learning. The religious life and much land which is theirs by right of possession. On of the wealth, the political power and education the other hand the Hebrews claim that Palestine have been controlled by the Roman Catholic was given to their fathers Abraham, Isaac and Church. As in Mexico and other Latin American Jacob and their descendents by Divine Mandate. countries this control has not brought liberty and The Jews are being evicted from Germany and prosperity to the masses so that there has been a are unwelcome in many other lands. The Balfour revolt against the Papacy. Declaration promised them a home in Palestine and over three hundred thousand Jews have The Evangelical mission work today is carried settled there in the past eighteen years. They on by twenty-five missions, five of them American have bought property and have shown their pro- -the Congregational Board, the Methodist Epis- gressive spirit by building cities, developing copal Church, the Assemblies of God, the Southern farms, establishing schools and colleges and carry- Baptists and the Seventh-Day Adventists. Other ing on trade. Their increasing numbers and insocieties are British, German, Swedish, Dutch and fluence alarms their Moslem neighbors so that Spanish. The results of the work reported show the Palestinian Arabs have dynamited railroad an Evangelical community of only about 22,000 bridges and trains, bombed busses, destroyed or one in a thousand of the population. The Prot- farms and attacked Jewish residents, creating a estant Sunday schools enroll 7,000 and their day reign of terror. Italy is charged with helping to schools 7,500. The total number of Evangelical stir up strife in order to create trouble for the missionaries from outside of Spain is only 123, British who are determined to maintain order, reof whom eleven are American; most of these so- cently declaring marshall law. Many Moslems, cieties help only to support the Spanish Evan- Jews and some British soldiers have been killed. gelical Church. A National Committee for the Fortunately the Moslem "strike" has been called Propagation of the Gospel, representing the lead- off and conditions are becoming more normal. ing Evangelical forces, was formed in Madrid five years ago and has promoted Evangelism by many The sympathy of most travelers is with the public meetings. When peace is once more estab- Moslems who see their land occupied and business lished this Committee may be expected to take captured by Jews who are still coming at the rate steps to proclaim the Gospel more freely and vig- of 1,000 a month. On the other hand, the symorously. Spain needs the rule of Christ to bring pathy of most Bible students is with the Jews who peace and to establish liberty and justice, right- are not only driven out of Europe but who show eousness and prosperity. themselves better able than the Arabs to develop their ancient ancestral home. They are willing THE OUTLOOK IN PALESTINE to live at peace with their neighbors.

At the crossroads between Asia and Africa, and A recent visitor to Palestine, Rev. Walser H. next door to Europe, lies Palestine (the "Land of Allen of the Moravian Church in America, has Wanderers"), the birthplace of three great reli- this to say of the situation: gions and the theater for many religious, racial and political conflicts. Until the time of Joshua, About 750,000 Arabs live in Palestine (which is about about 1,400 years before Christ, the land was di- the size of the State Qf Vermont and much less fertile). vided between many pagan tribes, some of whom Three British Royal Commissions that have been sent out had reached a considerable degree of civilization. to study the situation have reported that Palestine is un- Then for a thousand years it was possessed and able to support more than the present population. It is peopled by the Hebrews. For the next thousand also claimed that tb.e late Colonel T. E. Lawrence promyears it was under Assyrian, Persian, Greek, ised the Arabs, as a reward for helping the British in the Roman or other foreign governments, but still World War, that an all-Arab Federation would be formed, was mostly peopled by Jews. Then came the including Palestine. As a result of the Balfour Declara- Moslem conquests and settlement, so that for thir- tion the Arabs are exceedingly bitter against both Jews and British. The Arabs admit that the Jews are smarter than they and have more wealth but they believe that if Jewish immigration continues the country will be com- pletely dominated by them.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

It is true that the Arabs have, for the most part, lived have become wearied of prospectuses and plans in old ruts for centuries, while Jewish colonists have, in and pleas. But now and then one comes into a few years, made the desert to blossom as a rose. Some existence because it is definitely needed. Remindof their accomplishments have been tremendous. The ers of the large percentage of unchurched chilgreat Hebrew university in Jerusalem is one of the finest dren in America have been common, but a movein the world. The problem is very complex. ment with a comprehensive plan for reaching them is still sufficiently new to attract attention The Moslems, in a recent conference of 350 and sufficiently important to demand the considerleaders, adopted seven resolutions with a view to ation of the whole Christian Church. If the maintaining their prestige: Church cannot evangelize the children and young people, on whom is it going to depend for its mem- 1. Boycott foreign materials and use homemade goods. bership in another generation? This question alone is enough to awaken a concern which the 2. Establish more Moslem schools to combat mission figures involved must greatly deepen. schools. The movement to meet the spiritual needs of 3. Prevent Jews from buying land and encourage Moslems America's unreached millions of children, from to cultivate their own holdings. whom our armies of atheists, criminals and dan- gerous radicals are chiefly recruited, has already 4. Establish a fighting fund, with contributions from enlisted at least six denominations, which have every Moslem. officially endorsed it. The International Council of Religious Education has also done so, giving it 5. Increase Moslem preachers and teachers in towns and the indirect endorsement of some forty other de- villages. nominations. The special committee on the Christ for Youth Movement, of the General Assembly of 6. Insist on only Moslem teachers for Moslem youth. the United Presbyterian Church of North Amer- ica, in its report presented last May went into the 7. Discourage all modern non-Moslem customs. subject very thoroughly. Its opening paragraphs furnish these sentences of value and interest, and They also demand of Great Britain, as a price show the genesis of this definitely organized effort, of peace: (1) that all Jewish immigration must which at once began to be taken up by other stop; (2) that sales of land to Jews must be churches: restricted; (3) that a national Palestinian government must be established. The past two years have witnessed the most significant movement among Protestant churches in America that has From a Christian viewpoint the present out- ever taken place, looking toward universal Christian teachlook in Palestine is not bright. A recent com- ing for children and youth. The startling fact is that mission, sent out by the Church of England, visited schools and hospitals and agricultural col- twenty million boys and girls are growing up in this counonies, with a view to promoting evangelism among try as practical agnostics. They are ignorant of God and the Jews, most of whom are materialistic and irreligious. The Commission reported great difficul- His laws and His help, because no one has taught them. ties facing Christian work and said that the most Crime is costing sixteen million dollars every day, or six effective way to solve the problem is to work billions annually. Ninety-five per cent of the crime is comthrough Christian friendliness, extending help to mitted by those who have not had Christian instruction. those in need. Christian communities should be The financial cost of crime is only a fraction of the real established, with homes and institutions that will offer an opportunity for all to earn an honorable cost. livelihood. Experience proves that these unchurched children are Christian missionaries and travelers agree that accessible. All that is needed is an awakened concern and Palestine today is, perhaps, the most difficult place purpose on the part of our Christian churches. Christian on earth for the Gospel of Christ to make real instruction can be given to the whole twenty millions not headway. Even Christian Arabs are alienated by receiving it for one per cent of what crime is costing in their feeling that a Christian government is giving their country to aliens and enemies. cash. It costs less than $3.00 a pupil per year to give such instruction to three hundred thousand children in four It is our conviction that the one hope for peace and prosperity in Palestine, as in other lands, is hundred communities that have undertaken it. for all classes to recognize in Christ the Son of God, the potential Saviour of all men, and the Back of the action of our General Assembly one year giver of peace on the basis of righteousness and ago in appointing this special committee on unchurched love. The return of the Jews to Palestine is children, lies a historical setting which helps to interpret stirring up Moslem opposition but the fulfilment of prophecy will ultimately establish the reign of its importance, and our Church's Providential relation to Christ. the whole national movement. On August 14, 1934, the FOR OUR UNEVANGELIZED YOUTH one who has been since appointed chairman of this special There are movements and movements, and there committee sent out an appeal for prayer for a nationare organizations and organizations, until we wide movement in behalf of the millions of unchurched children in America. So far as we can discover, this was the first definite proposal of this nature that has been made. R. M. K.

~1ll0 MANYAPPEALS~ and the sinister ministrations of the witch doctor. The missionary's message was life-changing, 'BLED WHITE!/ revolutionary. Life has been made worth living. ''CAN'T GIVE The loving Father God has been made the per- ANOTHER sonal friend of legions of His African children (thirty-four per cent of the native people in South CENT" Africa are members of Christian churches to- day). Individuals have been freed from slavery (Courtesy oj tb. Golden Rule FOllndatlOn) to enervating tradition and an ancestor-controlled social order, and have already risen high in vari- FACTS vs. FEELINGS ous vocations and professions. For all this the new African is gra1teful. If I could control my feelings I never would But he is frankly puzzled today at what is takhave any bad feelings, I would always have good ing place before his eyes. The white missionary and the church have followed him to the highly feelings. Satan may change our feelings fifty industrialized urban area. He had felt that he was joining a great body of people which repretimes a day, but he cannot change the Word of sented that brotherhood of men and women under a common Father God about which the Apostle God; and what we want is to build our hopes of Paul said so much.

Heaven upon the Word of God. When a sinner is "The Church refuses to face or is slow to try to meet the problems of the people. It preaches coming up out of the pit, and is just ready to get impractical maxims and does not seek to prove Christianity in the Monday struggles of the peohis feet upon the Rock of Ages, the devil sticks ple," says the principal of a school.

out a plank of feeling, and says, "Get on that," In South Africa there is an element of urgency about the problems facing the Christian Church and when the sinner puts his feet on that, down arising from the very large number of African youth who are being exposed to disturbing condihe goes again. Take one saying of Jesus, "Verily, tions. In no country in the world are so many individuals of a backward race meeting face to I say unto you, he that heareth my word and be- face with so many individuals of the white race and having personal dealings with them. lieveth on him that sent me, hath everlasting life, In no country in the world are so many native and shall not come into condemnation, but is Christians being put to quite so severe a test of their newly found faith. And in no country with passed from death unto life." That rock is more which the writer is familiar is there such a de- mand as in South Africa, and by native Chrisstable than my feeling. D. L. MOODY. tians, for a program of social action on the part of a united Christian Church. LOOKING AHEAD IN AFRICA In the next decade it will be a race between The new African, the product of missionary such action and such unity of endeavor by the schools and colleges, looks back and recalls the Christian Church and the relegation of the Church fearsome, deadening, spirit-controlled world of to the sidelines of interest-at least on the part his fathers, and he is grateful for the early work of educated African men and women who are of the missionary pioneers who liberated the peo- making the cities and towns their homes. ple from bondage to tribal and ancestral spirits RAY EDMUND PHILLIPS.

WHAT MISSIONARIES ARE SENT TO PREACH Not human experience, but divine redemption. Not economic de!!.ls, but the Gospel of Christ. Not culture, but conversion. Not personal reforms, but liberation from sin. Not laws of progress, but forgiveness for sin. Not social reform, but spiritual salvation. Not a new organization, but a new creation. Not the benefits of civilization, but the blessings of Christ. Weare ambassadors, not diplomats.

R. P. RICHARDSON, North Kiangsu, China.

Mission Work in

By HERBERT SMITH, D.D., Bolenge, Coquilhatville, Congo BeIge, Africa I F YOU are sent to do pioneer work at a new One learns that in Africa today most colonial missionary station, the very best thing that governments have a real concern for the village can happen to you is that you should forget people. Most missions have made a name for that you are in so elementary and yet so impor- themselves. They come not only to build a, church tant work. If you should begin to think that you where the Gospel will be preached, but they will were sent there because you were important, the have a school where the people will learn to read future will be much in doubt. The natives with and write and where other things will be taught. whom you must work would soon sense that you They will have a hospital and also some plan for regarded yourself as being of more consideration vocational work, in either agriculture or industry. than they, and such an attitude would be fatal. The colonial government usually welcomes a mis- These native people are good judges of character. sion that can look forward to a fully developed They can read the motives of many a man even work. The one-man mission is not now very popthough he and they speak different languages. ular with them because one man is unable to This does not mean that the native will not re- preach and do well all the work mentioned. Most spect you. They respect their elders and rulers, mission stations need several missionaries who but every newcomer is just a person to them, and have varied talents and can render different types you have to win them. When you have done so of servicp. in the Name of the Master. the way is open for the very best kind of future work. The Daily Problems Begin Obtaining a Mission Site The steamer landed us at the new station in the late afternoon. The natives gathered hur- Occasionally we hear of the missionary who riedly on the beach when the steamer whistled. goes among a people, settles in their village and What a strange group! They wore little clothing; almost forces his Gospel down their throats. In there was not a shirt among them; their bodies reality such a thing is impossible. In most Afri- were smeared with red powdered wood used as a can colonies, before a missionary can begin to live paint; their hair was matted, and had not been in any village, or even near one, he must obtain combed for months. Every man had some weapon permission twice over. He visits the place where in his hand, either a bow and arrows or spear he would like to settle. He asks the chief and the or large fighting knife. The women had babies on elders of the village if they will permit him to re- their hips and the bodies of the little children side near them. If they will, he then proceeds to were covered with yaw sores. Yet we learned to the administrative authority of the colony and love quite a few of that first crowd. Many have makes the same request. If the native people said become Christians, and we have seen them they did not want a missionary to live near them, clothed, have heard them pray, and have seen the matter is ended; he will not be allowed to them do deeds of kindness because of the Good force himself upon an unwilling people. But if News that comes with the Christian missionary. the villagers have agreed that he should come a In that village it would be almost impossible now government officer goes to see the site and holds to find a baby with yaws. a council meeting with the chiefs and elders to see if they understand what they have. done. If the Morning seemed to come too soon. The goats matter seems to be in accordance with the policy we took with us were tied outside the hut because of the government, permission may be given to there was no other place. The first male of the take certain portions of ground. This permission flock was dead. The steamer was getting ready for temporary residence can be confirmed later or to leave. Some of the natives, especially the old may be withdrawn. It must also be remembered chief and the women, had now got right near to that the government may not give permission, the steamer and were talking to the crew. They even though the native people have offered a site were quite interested in all they saw. The captain for residence. suddenly saw a chance to have some fun. Up went his arm and he blew a blast on the whistle. The [ 519 ]

women fled for their lives and the old chief just would say, "Where is the owner?" Then she about outran them. He explained later that he would have to admit that he was working in the was getting out of the way of the women. But forest or garden and that he might not be back the crowd was not going home and they were not for an hour or two, but that she would be glad to going to allow anything to keep them from satis- receive any gift they might want to give. To this fying their curiosity. the man would say, "You are a woman, what do you know about such things?" We took an American stove, which was set up in the open. The cook had an appreciative audi- The lady was always equal to such an occasion ence. He lighted the fire, having told them what and always said, "Thank you. Won't you sit would happen, so that all eyes were on the end of down and wait until the owner comes?" Then the stove pipe. Suddenly the smo.ke appeared and she would try to get the women to talk. Up until away went the women again, laughing and shout- now they had never said a word. Now they giging, half in fear and half in ridicule that the white gled and answered questions by shaking their man had to have a contraption like that to cook heads, wiggling their bare toes and putting their his food. The chief did not run that time. He hands over their mouths, but not a word would was getting wiser, making game of his wives and they say. Perhaps this lady with great guile would asking if they were babies that run at the sight entice these women into the house and let them of smoke. stand so they could see themselves in a large mir- ror. One would not recognize her own picture Ground had to be· cleared for a temporary at first but she would that of another wife. Then house. We opened a box of long knives known as there would be a roar. They would beat their matchets and used for clearing underbrush and breasts and slap one another on the back and from cutting smaller trees. The chief had never seen now on they would talk a streak. The old chief a boxful of knives before. He promptly put out who had been left out of this would stand it no his hand, expecting one as a present. Gifts that longer. He would want to come in and see what early in the morning were out of order, so he had it was all about. They would show him a picture to wait until later. We had taken a number of of himself in the looking glass and ask him if he workmen with us from one of our other stations. knew himself. After awhile he would realize he Like us, they were housed in huts of the village. was looking at himself and consent to smile, but We built our temporary houses as fast as we could. he would refuse to make the fuss the women did. In a week we had a roof over our heads. This After looking awhile he would say, "I wonder roof was made from palm leaves and was fine dur- where that road goes to?" With that he tried to ing quiet sunshine, but when a storm raged these get into the bedroom to find out. He thought the leaves would stand up on end, allowing the tropi- mirror was a path into some other house. These cal rain to pour into our bedroom. You then chiefs and their wives gave us many moments of pushed your bed over in the other corner, and humor as well as serious thought. It was neces~ hoped the sun would shine next day. It usually sary for them to know us as well as for our does do that most of the time. Such weather was tongues to begin to stammer out some of their very hard on books, clothes and the little furniture language. we had. When Christmas Came Native Hospitality Christmas came, and we invited a number of The natives soon wanted to show their hospital- chiefs and others to a service under the great tall ity. This consisted in bringing presents and mak- trees. Things went all right while we sang and ing speeches of welcome. Unfortunately we could told the Christmas story of the birth of Christ, not, at first, understand the speeches. The chiefs but when we tried to close the meeting with from miles around came to bring these gifts and prayer that was another matter. The native evanto make speeches. The chiefs always wanted the gelist said, "Now let everybody close his eyes man of the house to receive these gifts. In fact while we pray." The oldest chief, who was decked they refused to give them to his wife. They would out in a hat of feathers, refused to close his eyes ask her, "Where is the male?" She would look but he put his hand over his face and looked out of the door, and there standing was a man through his fingers. That would have been all with a spear in his hand, a loin cloth for clothing, right if some women had not seen him and begun and a monkey skin for a hat. Behind him were to giggle. Thinking to maintain his dignity he three or four women. Each of these women had called out in a loud voice, "You women, can't you a basket on her back which was filled with plan- stop laughing for just a short time? Aren't you tains and dried meat of the forest. Always five ashamed at spoiling the meeting of the white or six chickens dangled head downward from one man ?" The damage was done. Everybody knew of their hands. If the lady missionary greeted that he was afraid to shut his eyes in a public them without answering the question the man

PIONEER MISSION WORK IN AFRICA

meeting. He looked all around him to see that no was his own affair." "No it wasn't. If you had one was going to work a charm on him, and the not taken him to your house and if Mamma had whole crowd began to laugh. It was impossible not cooked for him we would have had to furnish to pray, so we said "Amen" and ended the meet- paddlers, and they would have been gone for days. ing. We would learn, however, how to handle a You helped us then." Because of this and similar crowd that could laugh and be serious at the most events almost all the villages there received the simple things, all inside of a couple of minutes. Gospel in due season. They tried hard to under- As soon as the meeting had broken up the head stand our broken language and when we failed to chief and others followed us to our mud hut and make things clear the native evangelist who was said, "White man, we have corne a long way to with us, in many eloquent speeches and sermons this meeting of yours. Now what is our pay for brought the beauty and salvation of the Gospel. coming?" We would learn things the longer we lived among these forest people. We did not pay The wives of the local chief received the Gospel them for coming to church. Years afterwards we one by one, with the permission arid consent of learned that our every action was noticed and their husband. He seemed to welcome the idea talked about in the village. The man missionary of having them become Christians. We then made the garden, and his wife did not. According found out that he thought there was hope for him to native custom the woman is the gardener. The in the faith of his wives. It was a shock to him missionary husband and wife ate together at when the matter was fully explained. He carne every meal; in fact, the wife was served first. If many times to talk it over with us, and all his they walked down a path they walked side by side wives carne too. He was most sincere in his quesand not as the native, with the man in front and tions regarding his obligation to these women and the woman behind. We did so many things in a how he should become a Christian. He was told way that was quite contrary to their customs. there was but one way. A chief, or any man or woman must receive the gracious salvation in just Meeting the State Officer the same way. One day he asked, "If I become a Christian which one of these women is to be my Steamers and canoes passed our village horne wife? I love all of them, and they all love me. very seldom in those days. One morning the drum What am I to do?" of a canoe was heard, and soon it was announced that a State officer was coming. He landed at This was a hard question, and I did not want the native village near by. We went to meet him, to decide for him. After many days of thought but before we reached the beach he had ordered he said, "My first wife has a child, and the others that the village furnish a number of paddlers to have no children. I will take that woman as my take him further on his journey. We invited him Christian wife, and the others can marry whom to our new home, which was not very much to they will in my family who are Christians, or relook at, but he seemed glad to accept the invita- turn to their own families, just as they wish." tion. He accepted also an invitation to dinner and That settled the matter. It was the happiest day stayed with us several hours. We asked him about in that man's life when he was baptized in the his journey and how the paddlers he had ordered water of the great Congo River. Other chiefs from the near by village would get back horne came to witness the service and marveled at his again. It was really none of our business, but he joy, but they shook their heads and said, "He is replied as best he could. We then accompanied quite happy, but he is a fool. Why, he gave up him to his canoe, and he announced to the sur- his wives to become a Christian." prise of the villagers that he would take no paddlers from that village, and in a moment was The Help of Palavers gone. We returned to our work and forgot the incident, but the natives did not and this is how they I spent many hours in palavers about their brought it up years afterwards. quarrels, and I did it by request. The main reason was to get to know the people. Usually it was "White man, we decided you were our friend a dispute about wives or debts or inheritances or long ago. Don't you remember the day the State hunting and fishing rights, and also adultery and officer came and asked for paddlers from our vil- thefts. The word palaver seems to belong to lage and you took him home to your house. You Africa. It usually means disputes and almost and Mamma were living in a mud house then. every man, woman and child has some kind of Mamma cooked some dinner for him and when he palaver, so one has plenty of practice trying to returned to our village he said he did not want straighten things out. During those early days, our paddlers." "Yes," I said, "I remember, but when people asked me to do this, I said, "Why do I never had anything to do with the State officer you come to me. I have no authority to carry out changing his mind about your paddlers. That a decision. If both parties will agree to the ar- bitration in advance I will see what I can do." I

have often wondered since how my recommenda- News, and you share it with no one. Here we live tions sounded to those native ears. I knew very in villages all around here, and none of you come little about native customs or native unwritten to visit and teach us. If we die as we are you law, but I tried to be fair in what I suggested. will be to blame." The listeners were quite stirred They usually attempted to follow out the decisions up and they excused themselves by saying, "The I made. Often one had to read between the white man has not sent us to you. If he will send speeches to get at what they intended you to know us we will come willingly. We will ask him about and what they intended to hide. Nor must you it at the next weekly meeting." suppose that these palavers were conducted without heat. Half a dozen wanted to talk at once, The next meeting found this subject the first and they would get to calling each other liars, topic. The blame for these other villagers being offering at the same time to fight it out right without Gospel teachers was now placed on the there. The rule was that no palaver should be missionary. They asked him, "Why do you refuse held until all weapons had been put aside, so most to allow these people the privilege of Gospel of the boasting was to get rid of steam. After teachers ?" awhile the facts of the case would emerge and a decision could be given that seemed fairly satis- "Now," we said, "wait a bit. We may share factory. this responsibility somewhat. But it seems to be your own affair before it is ours. These villagers After we got a permanent house built, with are your friends, are they not? Perhaps they are steps leading up to the porch, the old men had to your very own relatives, maybe mothers and falearn how to climb those steps. They came up the thers and brothers and sisters. If anyone should first time on their hands and knees, and we had be anxious for them to have the Gospel it surely to help them down. They liked to get up there, should be you yourselves." however, and to be given an old porch chair to sit on. One old man in particular came often. He "Do you mean to. say," they asked, "that if we brought little gifts of sugar cane, or perhaps an find someone to go you will send them?" "That egg or two. He wanted salt and tin spoons or tin is what I mean," I replied. "If there is someone forks in return. One day he said he was going to worthy and capable and can have the approval of church with me. He had often refused our in- both Christians and missionaries we will be glad vitation, but this time he was willing to go and to see that work start." asked if he could take the chair he was sitting on to church. He seemed to pay attention to the The work began in the near by villages inside of service and after the meeting I expected to see a week. As a ~esult of that weekly meeting hunhim return the chair, but he had other intentions. dreds have been sent out, and great numbers have A small boy came running saying the old man been won for Christ through that kind of cowas taking the chair home and telling everybody operation. I gave it to him. We asked him to return the chair to our porch, and explained to him that if he car- The missionary force was augmented through ried off that chair we would have great shame the the years by the educator, who taught the people next time he came to see us because we.would have to read the Holy Scriptures and gave them much no chair to offer him to sit on. He returned the general knowledge. When the doctor and nurse chair and came often, but in spite of our hope arrived a new day was surely at hand. Now there that he would one day understand the Gospel mes- were health studies and help to those in pain and sage he never did. He was held fast with his distress. Little children no longer suffered the heathenism. long painful scourge of yaws, but were healed in a couple of weeks. Helping to Carry the Message One of the finest things that has come to these It was one of the pleasures of the work that Christians is to discover that there are many other newly made converts were anxious to go out to people in Africa who are Christians too. Forvillages, both near and far, to tell the Gospel story. merly there was no means of travel. It was dan- It began in this way. We had a weekly custom of gerous to go very far from home; hence it was meeting with Christians to learn about their not possible to have friends very far away from growth in their new faith and also how the new the village in which you were born. Now these leaven was working in other places. Visitors con- newborn Christians read about other people who tinued to come to the village, some of them to are really of another tribe in the flesh, but who call on the missionaries, but many of them to see are of the same tribe in the Lord. This is a very the new Christian village that was slowly grow- great gain to the African. ing. One day some of these visitors said to the Christians: "This is not fair. You have this Good Native Christians are not yet ready to stand alone. They have come a long way in the brief time they have had a chance to hear the Gospel, but they will need more guidance and fellowship for a long time to come.

A Church that Gives and Likes

By REV. GEORGE C. SOUTHWELL, Cleveland, Ohio, Secretary of the Cleveland Office of the American Mission to Lepers W HEN the Rev. Herbert Mackenzie had Dr. McConaughy asked him what the church been pastor of the Gospel Church of spent on its local expenses, and he found that, Cleveland, Ohio, only six weeks, the church generous as the missionary gifts had been, the organist, a beautiful Christian girl, died suddenly. amount was much smaller than that contributed The young people's society, the Bible School, the for local expenses. Mr. Mackenzie felt a real jolt, church trustees, and several groups started funds when Dr. McConaughy said: "I don't believe you to purchase beautiful floral remembrances for the ought to boast about your missionary giving until funeral, but the pastor felt that a living gift you spend more on 'others' than upon yourselves.'?

would be better than flowers that perish. A short time after this Dr. Henry W. Frost, of With the consent of the family the announce- the China Inland Mission, remarked to Pastor Mackenzie that "a spiritual interpretation of ,the ment was made that "flowers should be omitted" Scriptures would make a church missionary conand, at the pastor's suggestion "The Hazel Cain scious more quickly than the telling of thrilling Fund" for the support of a Bible woman in China, was soon subscribed. missionary stories."

That was the first missionary project of the Gospel Church, and it has been maintained for many years.

The pastor's first missionary vision came to him in London, Ontario, ' where he was a mission church pastor, serving without stated salary. The first week he received $2.00, and the first year, $225.00; but when clothes were needed, or food, they came unsolicited, just as they were needed and not before. Pastor Mackenzie was reminded of Job, who said: "Have (I) eaten my morsel alone, and the fatherless have not eaten thereof." He desired to share his spiritual bread with the multitudes who were famishing. A missionary day was appointed, with a goal of $50.00 for missions. This seemed a large amount for his small and poor mission church. Prayer days were appointed and the gifts amounted to $296. In twelve months they raised $1,200.00 for missions, and the pastor's support was adequate for his needs. Next the mission moved out of the old building, and purchased a fine abandoned church structure.

From this fruitful Canadian pastorate Mr. Mac- kenzie was called to the Gospel (undenomina- tional) Church in Cleveland, Ohio. There, too, mission days and goals were set, preceded by days of prayer – not incidental prayers at a crowded midweek meeting, but all-day prayer meetings with men and women attending. Gifts to missions REV. HEmBERT MACKENZIE increased to such an extent that the pastor, being human, expressed his satisfaction to Dr. David McConaughy, one time as they walked together.

[523 ]

From the Lord's great commission: "Go ye money to open five stations at $1,000.00 each in into all the world and preach the gospel to every the last seven years. creature," and Solomon's proverb: "Where there is no vision, the people perish," the pastor found The Bible School has its own missionary with the texts which, with many others, became the in- whom it keeps in touch by regular correspondence. spiration for his famous expository sermons. The missionary cause is always before the people, These were the forerunners of the winter and for prominently displayed in the front of the summer Erieside Bible Conferences, and mission- church is a world map with little burning electric ary conventions, which have brought to Cleveland lights, each representing a missionary and his or some of the greatest Bible teachers of America. her field of service. Here is a literal version of the words: "Let your light so shine before men Sam Higginbottom, the well-known missionary that they may see your good works, and glorify of Allahabad, India, came to the Gospel Church, your Father which is in heaven." married a daughter of "Elder" Cody and they became the first missionaries of the church. Soon Some one of the many missionaries of this church is always at home on furlough, and is THE GOSPEL CHURCH, CLEVELAND invited into the homes of the members, so that the children grow up in a missionary atmosphere. other young people in the congregation volunteered for missionary service, and one by one, The church holds a missionary conference each were accepted by missionary boards and sent year, in addition to cooperating in the Erieside abroad. Bible Conferences, founded by the pastor. A four- page folder, containing pictures of its mission- The funds for transportation, outfits, and sup- aries and interesting facts about their work, is port came from the members and some outside published by the church. friends. Nigeria, Africa, called seven members; Argentina, South America, called two others; On invitation of the mission boards, Pastor Abyssinia called two; Rhodesia, one; and the Mackenzie has made visits to missions in Africa Chicago Hebrew Mission, another. Some mem- and South America and his personal reminiscences bers have assumed full support of certain mis- add to the missionary flame. sionaries. One supply teacher in the Sunday school, herself a school teacher, has provided the The Gospel Church has continued to grow and is occupying its third building in thirty years. Two other churches in, or near Cleveland, have also grown out of it.

Dr. Mackenzie has never had a stated salary, but depends on the free will offerings of his peo- ple. There are only 200 members but the pastor believes that for every ten members there should be one missionary on the foreign field and the church is now supporting eighteen. Four other young people are in training for mission work. Gifts to missions have increased from $200.00 to $10,000.00 per year. During the past twenty- six years these people, none of whom are rich, have contributed $200,000.00 for missionary work.

When Dr. Mackenzie was asked for the secret of the missionary achievements of this church he replied: "Consecration, vision, prayer, and faith." The Scriptures are the lamp that lights his leader- ship. In a recent issue of the Church Bulletin we read: "If ye shall ask … I will do" (John 14). Man, in his own strength, can do nothing constructive -"Power belongeth unto God." Our part is to ask. How? In faith (James t; 6). In great faith? No. Faith is more precious than gold that perisheth, and Christ said, "If ye have faith as a grain of mustard seed, ye shall say unto this mountain, Remove hence to yonder place and it shall remove" (Mat. 17: 21). Let us ask daily.

to Mission Work in

By REV. C. s. JENKINS, Manjacaze, Gaza, Portuguese East Africa .r-. AFRICA, with its 11,412,320 square miles of On the other hand we know that no living soul is territory, and its 170,000,000 people! Each really satisfied without communion with his Cre- section presents its peculiar difficulties. I ator. We know that he is not satisfied, but he think that, in pointing out the following hin- doesn't. He has to be made to see that Jesus is drances which I present for your consideration, I his need. The time required to do this varies, ac- am stating, more or less, the condition in Africa cording to the missionary and the section in which as a whole. he labors.

It has been my joy to give the past sixteen years Lack of appreciation: The religion of Jesus to service in this so-called Dark Continent. Per- causes His people to "do good unto all men." The haps I cannot speak with absolute authority, but missionary tries through ministering to the body I bring to you in this article the results of careful to reach the soul. These efforts have met varying and prayerful observation after these years of degrees of success. Many times, to our surprise, labor for the salvation of the African. After all, they have not been rewarded by the appreciation there is but one real hindrance, and that is the which we would expect. Not that the missionary presence in the world of the archenemy of God expects rewards in this life, but he is pained and all righteousness. In this article I am en- many times by this lack of response. And what deavoring to state, as I see them, a few of the missionary has not awakened to the fact that he many specific difficulties. It is not practical to is now expected to care for the bodily needs of try to give them in the order of their significance the people? Has not God sent him for this pur- as many are of much the same importance. pose, that is, as a convenience? It is a shock at I. Natural Propensities of the African first, but after prayer and commitment it does not become a check. I do not mean to imply that His superstitions: He is the personification of as a result of' cases of lack of appreciation the superstition. He was born in it as were his an- missionary ceases to minister to the body. No, cestors. It is in the fiber of his being. He is but he becomes much wiser in the administration taught that everything ill comes from evil spirits of temporal things. I would not leave the impres- which are always trying to do him harm. Crop sion that the African is not appreciative. We failures, sickness, death, all come through witch- have seen hundreds of evidences of appreciation craft. He is a fatalist in every sense of the word. and gratefulness among them. We find, however, If it were possible we could make a long article that this is when grace has touched their hearts on this point alone. and the eyes of their understanding have been The African is naturally suspicious: He is sus- opened.

picious of the missionary when he first makes his II. Missionaries appearance. The founder of our work in Swazi- land labored three years before the first convert You will no doubt be surprised at my stating was made. He had to break down this suspicion. that missionaries themselves can be a hindrance As a drawing card to get the children to come to to the work of evangelization in Africa. When I the mission station he gave out picture cards. say "missionaries" I mean some missionaries-a Upon seeing them the parents immediately burned very few missionaries. I hesitate to say this, but them, saying that the missionary was trying to I am sure that many of my fellow missionaries bewitch them. In some sections there isn't a doubt will agree.

that the native's suspicions of the white man are Missionaries who do not enter into native life: well grounded. To the shame of the white race There are missionaries in Africa, a few whom I this is true in some sections where the white man have met personally, who do not learn the lan- preceded the missionary. guage of the people with whom they labor. This Self-satisfaction: Sometimes it is stated that means that they cannot know the African. It is the African is waiting with outstretched hands impossible to enter into the native life without a for the Gospel. Most of us have not found this knowledge of his language. This acquisition to be fully true. He is generally quite satisfied makes the missionary one with his people as noth- with his condition; that is, he takes it for granted. ing else could. A native will seldom bring his [525 ]

private difficulties, doubts and fears to a mission- the work by himself. I am sure that I am safe ary with whom he must speak through an inter- in saying that scores of missionaries in Africa preter. As a rule when one unburdens his heart started missionary work in the wrong way. We he doesn't wish for a third person to be present. preached the Gospel and many believed. God Interpreters have sometimes not interpreted cor- called some as preachers, and we trained them rectly. We know of such a case. Often when the and sent them out. This was good, but where we missionary was preaching and touched upon made our mistake was that these preachers were things of which the interpreter was guilty he gave supported entirely from overseas. The preachers an interpretation to suit himself. A missionary did not ask whence came this support, and some may live in the midst of his people, but still live seemed to think that the supply was exhaustless. a long distance from them. That is, he shuts him- The depression came and cuts were made. It was self away from them either consciously or uncon- a shock, and in some instances the workers did sciously. not take too kindly to it. Some missionaries, the writer included, felt that this was the time to do Low standards of teaching and living: I am not what we had wanted to do for years, but had not speaking of immorality and other outright sins. known how, and in some instances had feared to I am referring to standards which are not Gospel do. The task of correcting mistakes at this point standards. Church forms may be followed very has not been easy, either for the missionary or the carefully, while very little change is wrought in native worker, but the results are gratifying. I the heart. This is a hindrance to the spread of am certain that if our founders (may God bless the Gospel. We have seen Africans educated to their memory) had started with the indigenous a very high degree-and we believe in education church in view we never would have had some of -but with a very little knowledge of the Lord. our present difficulties. The end of all missionary endeavor should be the changing of men's hearts. Anything short of this The free-lance missionary (so-called): I hesiis building with wood, hay, stubble. Was it not tate to discuss this subject for fear of being mis- Jerry McAuley who said, when referring to edu- understood. Will you allow me to make it clear cation without God, "An uneducated man will that I do not necessarily mean the so-called indesteal your watch, but an educated one will steal pendent missionary. The missionary to whom I your daughter." refer may either be independent or belong to a denomination. He is "independent" whether con- Pressing Western ways upon an Eastern peo- nected with a denominational mission, an interdeple: I doubt the wisdom of this policy. None of nominational mission, an undenominational misus would say that everything Western was so near sion or carrying on a work of his own. What I perfect that it would be desirable for an Eastern, want to say is, that this missionary will not work primitive people. Along some lines, no doubt, together with anyone. He will go in with his par- Eastern peoples can teach us some valuable les- ticular church where the field is already well ocsons. Naturally the native will adopt the customs cupied and sometimes overcrowded. In some which come from the land of the missionary, such cases he builds up this new church with those who as dress. He not only takes on the ways of the have been disciplined in other churches. This missionary, but unhappily he takes on too many kind of work makes it very difficult to administer of the ways of the white man whom he meets. He the discipline which will build up a strong body has to learn that there is a difference between the of believers. Only missionaries working on the missionary and many of the white settlers. We field know just what this means. are thankful to say that there are some godly settlers, but they are far too few. More especially III. Godless European Civilization would I emphasize the danger of the missionary trying to Westernize the native beyond what is It will be agreed by all missionaries that it is good for him. We are not called to Africa to make far easier to reach the African who is entirely unwhite folks out of the natives, but to make Chris- touch by so-called civilization than those whom it tians. A Christian African is a beautiful char- has reached. This is a shame and disgrace upon acter. How our Lord must rejoice over him! us as a white race. Some years ago as I was trek- king through a certain district, I greeted an old We come not to establish a Western church, be woman who was plowing in her garden. She an- . it ever so fine, but to Christianize the African and swered my greeting by saying, "Shewane, muthen let a church develop along African lines. lungu" (greetings, white man). I had a native Should it not be our purpose to build up an Afri- young man traveling with me, and upon hearing can church which will eventually be a self-govern- her greeting he said, "He is not a white man; he ing, self-supporting, self-propagating church? We is a missionary!" What he meant by this was should not build in such a way as practically to that there was too great a difference between the make it impossible for the African to carryon

HINDRANCES TO MISSION WORK IN AFRICA

missionary and the white man. This ought not not allow freedom of conscience. She will take to be so, but, sad to say, it is. We call ourselves any and every means to hinder the work of the a superior race, but in some cases the white man Gospel. In the section where the writer is workwill sink to lower levels than the native. The word ing we are now feeling this opposition. Children "ka/fir" comes from the Dutch and means dog. are forced in many instances to attend Roman Missionaries never use the word, speaking of the Catholic schools. When they do so they are no natives. Imagine the depths to which one white longer allowed to attend church services in any man had gone when he received from the natives other church, even though their parents are Protthe name of white "ka/fir!" It is not pleasant to estants. Even in sections of Africa where the dwell on this point, but in considering hindrances government is nominally Protestant the Roman it must be mentioned. Catholics are a hindrance to Protestant work. They readily accept the freedom which they re- IV. Native Movements fuse others.

The aim of all missionary work should be ulti- VI. Nationalism mately to establish an African church. To this we all agree. There are times when some native This may be expressed in various ways. For leaders, having more in their heads than in their instance, if mission work is being carried on in a hearts, break away from the Church governed by self-governing territory this may work as it does the white missionary and start a native move- in Mexico; that is, only nationals are allowed to ment. I am not referring to the African branches carryon the work. If the people are a subordiof the Church which have been set apart by sev- nate people this spirit may be manifested in aneral of the larger denominations working in this other way. Sometimes this nationalism means land. I am referring to the independent native Catholicism. In the territory where the writer churches which have been started by disgruntled labors the Roman Catholics are nationals and the native leaders. Very often they are simply racial Protestants are foreigners. One can easily see and political, with the slogan, "Africa for the the problems this presents. Church and State African." They go about spreading dissatisfac- have always been one; they are supposed to be tion among the believers and gather unto them- separated now, but the union is still apparent in selves kindred spirits. spirit. Therefore, it is believed, Protestants who are foreigners must of necessity represent a for- We have at least one notable case in Portuguese eign government. One can see that this line of East Africa. An ordained native minister of one reasoning is not conducive to missionary progress of the Church's great denominations, a denomina- in such countries. Then we have seen this nationtion which pioneered the work in a part of this alistic spirit manifested among the Africans colony, became dissatisfied and separated himself themselves. The slogan, "Mrica for the Afrifrom that church. He started a native movement cans," is no mere byword. In the religious realm and headed it as a self-appointed bishop. The these movements have manifested real hatred tonatives were told that this was God's way of de- ward the missionaries themselves, who were the liverance for them from the thralldom of the means in other years of bringing to them the glowhite supervision, and he promised them that this rious Gospel of emancipation. movement would sweep the country. The only sweeping it did was to sweep from some churches I realize that I have drawn rather a dark piccertain undesirable members. After a while the ture. The nature of my subject has rather neces- "bishop" was accused of immoral conduct. He sitated this. Thank the Lord, there is a brighter was brought to trial by the church which he had side. How mighty have been the triumphs of the started, when it was found that no provision had Gospel in Africa! Were it within the bounds of been made in the church rulings for the trial of a this article how my soul would revel in the privibishop! He had carefully seen to that. Then lege of recounting a few of these wonderful viccame a separation. And so it goes on. This sort tories wrought through the preaching of the Gosof thing is a serious hindrance. pel of the Son of God! I will have to forego this joy. Handicaps? Yes. Opposition? Yes. Vic- V. Roman Catholicism tories? Multitudes! Perhaps these very things which we have numbered as hindrances to the To those laboring in Roman Catholic countries progress of the Gospel have in reality been step- I need to say nothing more. Just to state the case ping stones to greater attainments than would would be sufficient. If the people are self-govern- otherwise have been possible. ing and are Roman Catholics the difficulties are of a certain character. If they are a subordinate God loves Africa; Jesus died for Africa; the people and ruled over by Roman Catholics then Holy Spirit works in Africa. Therefore, there is, the problem is different. If possible, Rome will and must be victory!

Men and

By OSCAR EMIL EMANUELSON,* New Haven, Conn.

I T WAS an old Zulu who once said: "There are day. The writer is restricting his remarks to the two kinds of foreigners in our country-white Union of South Africa, the area with which he is men and missionaries." This statement is sig- most familiar; but what follows would probably nificant for it points to the distinction which apply to Southern Rhodesia, Kenya, or any other every Mrican has sooner or later to discover, part of Africa where white settlement is permanamely, that the missionary does try to govern his nent. whole life by the teachings of Christ, while the average Christian layman is too often content to To the average native living near a mission stapractice his religion only on Sundays. tion in a rural area, the missionary is a person to go to in time of trouble, whatever the nature of The difficulty is a real one; for, to the Afri- that trouble. It may be that a loan is needed for cans, as to most so-called primitive peoples, re- the payment of overdue taxes, or for the purchase ligion is something that permeates the whole of of food at the stores where further credit is no life. For example, in the case of the Zulus, re- longer obtainable; it may be that a serious misligion plays an important part in tribal warfare, understanding has arisen between the native and in tribal first-fruit ceremonies, and in every crisis his white employer, or between the native and the in the life of the individual. The ancestral spirits government officials in connection with regulaare constantly looked to for help and guidance, tions for the control of epidemic animal diseases; and are propitiated with offerings. The ordinary or it may be that a child or a valuable ox or cow European in Africa, on the other hand, may open- is ill and in need of immediate attention. Of ly claim to have no time for religion; or he may course, the native in trouble often goes to his discuss Christian brotherhood in a very emotional white employer or an official and obtains both manner on Sundays and still use very questionable advice and assistance; but, as a general rule, it methods in dealing with his "brothers," particu- is still the missionary who is called on for help; larly his colored African brothers, in business and this is usually forthcoming, unless the mishours on week days. sionary's slender resources are quite unable to bear the strain placed upon them. Even non- The first permanent settlers came to the Cape Christian natives are frequently helped by misof Good Hope in 1652, more than one hundred and sionaries in circumstances like those just outfifty years after the Cape had been discovered; lined. Such is the position in the rural areas, to Natal the early settlers came in 1823, some where the so-called "raw" natives do definitely three hundred years after its discovery by the believe that missionary white men are different Portuguese; while the Transvaal and the Orange from, and superior to, ordinary white men. What Free State were settled by dissatisfied Dutch of the urban areas? farmers who started leaving the Cape as late as 1835. Missionaries were early on the scene in What the Africans Say each of these four territories, and they came in The distinction just outlined between "white the interests of the natives, to whom they wanted men" and "missionaries" seems perfectly natural to bring the Gospel of Christ; whereas the set- to some people; but beliefs are not held by everytlers entered these areas in their own interests. body for all time, and what seems axiomatic to This initial difference between settlers and mis- one person in one generation may stimulate doubt sionaries persists to a remarkable degree, even to- • Mr. Oscar Emil Emanuelson, the son of Swedish missionaries to and inquiry in another. It was in a spirit of in- qUI'ry that a qu-estl'onnal're was prepared and sent . the natives of Natal and Zululand, Is a district inspector of native out to representative natives in the largest urban schools in the service of the Natal Government Education Depart- area in South Africa. Among the questions asked were the following: "Are you a member of a ment. He secured the B.A. degree in 1919, and the M.En. degree in ChrI•s•tian church?. WhoICh one.? Are the ChrI'S- 1927, from the University of South Africa. Through the generosity tian churches losing or gaining influence among of the International Institute of African Languages and Cultures, urban native residents today? Why is this? he was enabled to spend the academic year 1934-35 in studying anthropology under Professor Malinowski at the University of London; and by the award of a Carnegie fellowship In Race Relations he was enabled to spend the academic year 1935-36 at Yale Univer- ~7. i~aa~::I~~~c~~o1b~~tt~~ ~f~i~YH°,;w~'au~~~o1:~~nRg;~e~~~a~l~~~ s~~~~t~~ri~~~ race relations In those countries before returning to [528 ]

WHITE MEN AND MISSIONARIES

Please let us have your honest opinion (perhaps enough already and should withdraw from mison a separate sheet of paper) of the work of the sion work among the natives; four thought that churches at the present time: their leadership, the missionaries were losing their influence bemethods, and value to the community." Three cause of the bad example set by the whites who of those who replied were sure that the churches did not attend church and who showed their inwere gaining influence, twelve were uncertain as difference to religion in other ways; four attribto what answer to give about the value of the uted the decrease in the influence of the missionmissionaries to the natives, and forty-two were aries to the counter attractions of liquor, dance sure that the missionaries were either useless or halls, and theaters; two explained matters by harmful to the native community. In other words, saying that the "educated" natives, especially of the missionaries of today in the urban areas do the younger generation, were indifferent to renot rank nearly so high in the opinion of the na- ligion; two thought that much could be accounted tives as did the early missionaries in the pioneer for by the presence of "formalism" in the mission days, before the building of large towns and cities. churches; while two complained of the absence of love from all churches and of bad treatment of From those who spoke definitely in favor of the natives by Christian whites. missionaries and their work, came the following comments: That the missionaries are on the Some Bantu Grievances whole good friends to the Africans, that the Christian mode of life is far superior to the heathen In connection with these adverse comments way of living, that the missionaries interest them- upon the missionaries and their influence, the conselves in both church and social questions, that sidered opinion of D. D. T. Jabavu is worthy of the missionaries do not keep all the best posts in close attention, for he is an Mrican author of sevthe church for themselves, that Christianity re- eral important books on a variety of native matduces the fears of the Africans, that the mission- ters. In his chapter on Bantu Grievances in a aries still do much more for native education than recent book, "Western Civilization and the Nathe government does, and that the churches are tives of South Africa" (edited by 1. Schapera; gaining more in influence than they are losing in Routledge, 1934), Jabavu says: "In religious numerical strength. circles, too, the color obsession is not wanting. In combined social functions, the Nordic races Twenty-six considered the missionaries to be fall far behind those of Southern Europe in soseekers of wealth, either for themselves or for ciability. Promotions to positions of responsibiltheir own denominational funds; sixteen believed ity due to our more advanced pastors are often that the churches were losing their influence, be- withheld because 'they are not yet fit for responsicause of the poor training which many of the mis- bility'; and it is odd to see our elderly ministers sionaries and other church workers had received; with ripe experience serving as underlings to very ten thought of the missionaries as plain hypo- young white ministers fresh from their theologicrites; ten felt that the missionaries were losing cal college. We see no progress made to enable their power, on account of their acquiescence in our men to qualify for this fitness, the determinacolor bars within the churches and the schools tion of which is left to the judgment of their under church control; ten maintained that em- white brethren." phasis on spiritual matters and neglect of social welfare work were reducing the efficiency of the Broadly speaking, the missionaries have been, churches; six believed that the missionaries could and still are, opposed to what are termed "repulnot become a power in the land until they were sive" heathen customs and beliefs; and in this prepared to sink denominational differences and the missionaries have the general white public abandon interdenominational strife to the point with them. To this extent, then, there is simiof amalgamating the churches; five could not see larity rather than difference; but the efforts of how the missionaries could have any influence the missionaries are also directed along another over the natives, when the churches followed pub- line, the replacement of faith in ancestral spirits lic opinion, instead of leading it and having a real by faith in Christ, and the general white public effect upon government legislation on native mat- is doing practically nothing to give direct help in ters; four accounted for the decreasing influence this task. For example, white farmers will ridiof the missionaries by the increasing unwilling- cule native belief in magic in the field of agriculness of the missionaries to trust and consult na- ture, but few of them will take any real interest tives in matters of church finance; four felt that in the adoption of Christianity by their servants; the missionaries had confused Christianity with yet the government and the general white public European culture, and had done their own cause are compelled to give support to the missions, harm by unnecessary interference with native especially when the lives of missionaries are in customs and the power of the native chiefs; four danger in periods of unrest. argued that the missionaries had stayed long

Criticism of this general tendency to condemn should be forthcoming locally if the natives are to native customs and beliefs comes from students be won for Christ. But that happy state of affairs of functional anthropology, who insist that these will not be realized in the near future, and the matters should be most carefully studied before mission societies will therefore continue to be dethey are interfered with in any way, lest the re- pendent upon support from overseas for some sults of such interference be far different from time to come. Local support will never become those anticipated. Missionaries have actively op- adequate without supervision and control of misposed the whole system of "bride price payments" sionary activity by the whites in Africa; and and the general practice of polygamy, even to the these will give neither the money for mission exextent of demanding that a native man should penses nor the time for mission supervision until keep only one of his wives and send the others they are persuaded, not forced, to follow the giveaway; while the anthropologists point out that and-take principle by giving a little more and takthe "bride price" is really a public seal to a con- ing a little less. It certainly seems futile to extract between the two families to which the bride pect the whites to follow in their daily lives a and bridegroom belong, and very similar to the philosophy which they do not whole-heartedly "dowry" so well known in some European coun- accept. Yet it might be objected that this is tries. The "bride price" usually takes the form exactly what the ruling whites expect the ruled of a small herd of cattle. natives to do.

As the natives of South Africa do believe in a In their attempts to do this persuading the mis- Supreme Being they do not oppose and resent the sionaries may be accused of "pussyfooting." In teaching of the missionaries concerning God. fact, they are being accused of that very practice. What they resent is interference with the old so- Witness the comments by natives quoted at the becial organization and the traditional practices and ginning of this paper. This matter calls for comcustoms; hence many of the Christian natives ment on the history of mission policy in South bring into their new religion the lack of sincerity Africa. At one time a certain group of missionand the stress on formalism which characterized aries, those who believed in the "noble savage" their old religion. At the same time, the mission- and stressed the struggle for political rights, aries have in a way become tribal officials who gained ascendancy over another group, those who worship "the unknown god" on behalf of the tribe. believed in the motto of ora et labora, and sought In other words, the missionaries get quite a great to secure spiritual and material development deal of recognition from the heathen members of rather than political and social status. This asthe tribe and even more recognition from the cendancy of the one group over the other is the Christian members, with the result that the aver- basis of much of the present unwillingness of the age missionary is an honored guest in the ordi- whites to "give" in matters affecting the natives. nary tribe. For this reason it might be argued that the mis- sionary "victory" of those early days is the cause Although many of the natives of South Africa of missionary "defeat" today-if the missionaries are still heathens, there can be very few natives are suffering defeat today, and that time alone who are absolutely unfamiliar with the main can show whether "pussyfooting" to secure willteachings of Christianity and also, unfortunately, ing and friendly consideration of native claims with the great difference between these and their will not prove more effective than direct attacks. general application in the daily life of the average white Christian. The natives realize only too well Even the worst enemies of the missionaries, that Christian pririciples apply better among the past and present, will agree that, however great Europeans themselves than they do between race may be the mistakes which have occurred, the and race, that Christianity as practiced by the missionaries have made valuable scientific conwhites does not help the weak of the land-the tributions to knowledge in the realms of ethnology native peoples, and that missionary effort is tol- and ethnography, and that, in spite of the apparerated by the whites in Africa so long as most of ently disruptive effects of missionary enterprise the money and the missionaries come from over- on native social organization, the work done by seas. missionaries to foster and preserve native lan- guages, reduced to written form by the mission- White Churches and Missions aries, is today -having an undoubted integrating. effect upon native society quite unlike anything In fact, the dualism between the white churches being done directly or indirectly by the general in South Africa and the mission societies there is white public. And the impartial observer would so glaringly apparent that it cannot be overlooked go further and say that the missionaries are still by even the most unobservant native. The white serving essential needs of the natives in the field churches should practice what the mission so- of religion itself. With this view the writer of cieties preach; the necessary sympathy and mis- this paper whole-heartedly agrees. sion workers and daily justice and mission funds

Christ Has Done for My

By BERNARD MOLABA, 1)1- Bantu Presbyterian Theological Student at the South African I Native College, Fort Hare, South Africa I T IS not easy within the compass of a brief ity and of the scientific treatment of disease will article to do justice to a wide subject like this completely disappear. -What Christ Has Done for My People-the Bantu of South Africa, and Africa's greatest need In a word, we can assuredly say that the Good of Him. It is indeed an attempt to reduce a News of the Man of Galilee is becoming effective whole book to a short article. But as I am limited among the Bantu. As He said, He came to preach, to this space I shall in passing only mention what teach, heal and free. Christ has already done, and I shall mention only The preaching of the Good News is being car- ried on every day and nearly everywhere among those needs which are of paramount importance. The state of affairs among the Bantu prior to the advent of Christianity is well known. True, the Bantu had religious ceremonies and observances, but these were accompanied by superstition and mystification, and were attempts to propitiate angry and fearful spirits. When Christianity with its cornerstone of love came, many of these mystical rites disappeared.

Three main things which have been definitely removed by Christ can be mentioned at the outset.

First, there were the intertribal wars, often accompanied by much bloodshed and misery.

Christ has now united these tribes which were at variance one with the other, and although they retain their separate totemistic clans they nevertheless feel that they belong to a wider racial circle which includes all the different little circles, BERNARD M'OLABA and that they are all one in spirit and purpose and need not destroy one another. The old destructive days have passed away.

Second, there were the tribal hatreds, spite, contempt, and disunion. All these destructive ele- ments have vanished. There was a time when a the Bantu. From the large cities to the remotest member of an alien tribe was your rightful foe, rural areas faithful worshipers of Christ gather but now we feel we are joined, not by those tan- to praise His Name for the salvation which is gible bonds of blood and flesh, but by eternal and theirs. They are called to worship by tower bells spiritual bonds of love and peace and good will in the cities, and in the villages by hand bells or and common purpose. We feel We are one in an old ploughshare struck by a hammer. They Christ. listen eagerly to the message, and thank the mis- sionaries who dared so much to bring Christianity Third, there were cruel and repugnant customs, like the slaying of twins, the sacrifice of children to them. It is true that we still have heathens, for the propitiation of angry spirits, and the but their numbers diminish with time. I am sure smelling out of witches. Through Christ these that even in old countries unbelievers are still have been removed, and where formerly was found. cruelty and bloodshed is now love, peace, and good Teaching has likewise been making progress.

will. Throughout South Africa, from the towns to the True it is that superstition still lingers in many lonely rural places, you find mission schools; and a village, but this with the progress of Christian- here secular education is based upon a solid foun- [531 ]

dation in Christ. Many heathens send their chil- is shown in various aspects of their lives. In agdren to mission schools, and these children in most riculture, education, literature, music and induscases refuse to go back to the old life. Generally try new ventures are being made. Some men say speaking every Bantu man realizes the benefits that the belief in witchcraft is still unshaken, but of education, and hence many children from hea- this is not entirely true. Young people now scorn then homes attend schools and ultimately become and ridicule this absurd belief, and it is no doubt followers of Christ. vanishing.

Within a short time education has made won- What Is Needed to Win Africa derful strides. Through missionary enterprise village schools have been founded, later institutes In the first place, some Africans cry out that and finally colleges. when the white man came to Africa he had the Bible and we had the land; now we have the Bible I am writing this article in the South African and he has the land. Weare crammed in a small Native College, at Fort Hare, which has a mar- piece of ground, here to perish with our cattle, velous history. Within the twenty-one years of but one European owns twice as much land as a its existence it has produced about sixty Bachelors whole village. They say that Christianity is a of Art and two Bachelors of Science, apart from drug to keep us silent and in hope of compensation eighty fully qualified doctors who completed their in the future world, that Europeans preach what courses overseas. No man who had not the Spirit they do not practice, and that they say, "Do as I of Christ could have convinced the government tell you and not as I do." These and many other that a native youth, given the opportunity, could complaints are voiced by discontented agitators, do any mental work which a European youth and, unless the Church wakes up definitely to face could do. We thank missionaries for dispelling them, Christianity may lose even the ground it by practical examples the idea of an inferior men- has. tality in the native. The idea that the native must be treated dif- The writer remembers well the time he spent ferently from the European is wrong. What is as a lad in the "cattle-posts." To have seen a good for the native is good for the European, and European then was a topic for weeks, to have vice versa. Christ treated all men alike, and spoken to him was a boast unbearable by other talked with the despised Samaritans. Our govfellows, and to have shaken hands with him was ernments are called Christian. One reads, for ina great honor; but within such a short time, stance, that the Union Government follows the through Christ, we do not only speak with them lead of the Almighty in all that it does. Can the and shake hands with them, but we have realized repressive legislation and color bars originate that black and white are brothers in Christ, and from God? These destructive measures are prothat there is a purpose for each here in South ducing a bitter attitude in the minds of Africans. Africa. White preservation and domination seem to be the main policy of our government, and these meas- We write the examinations in the same lan- ures are creating a new outlook in the minds of guages, and experience the same difficulties. All the Africans. This year, 1936, in South Africa a this has been done through Christ, in whom there most un-Christian act, which deprives the Bantu is "neither Greek nor Jew, bond nor free." of the rights of full citizenship, has been passed by a majority of 169 votes against 11. The Afri- Healing too is being fulfilled. Missionaries cans do not ask for social equality or indiscrimihave established hospitals, such as Lovedale, St. nate mixture; in all matters purely social we Matthew's, Lemana, Fraser Memorial, Jean would be as separate as fingers on the hand, yet Furse, and others. These are doing wonderful in principle united and with one purpose in view work to relieve pain and suffering among the -for Christ, for humanity, and for peace. Bantu. For long the government has left this work in the hands of the missionaries, and it is We see how memories of history are forgotten only now that it is waking up to its responsibility as far as white and white are concerned, but they and is providing clinics and hospitals. This has are ever green as far as the native is concerned. been wrought through the agitation of the Until the Spirit of the Master leads our legis- Church. lators, Africa will not be won for Him. His was' a method of love, of peace and of prayer, not of Christ came also to set free those who were in force, domination and punishment. bonds. Before He came among the Bantu, superstition was rife. This hindered progress in that The second need is union among the churches. men feared to make new ventures; it also hin- The African often wonders why, if we worship dered initiative because anything out of the ordi- one God, we should have different methods. And, nary and not traditional was viewed with fear and moreover, this denominational spirit is at times suspicion. But through Christ the Bantu are now breaking new and hitherto unknown ground. This

MORE AFRICANS ON THE WITNESS STAND

un-Christian. It is accompanied by rivalry, ha- the Abyssinians, and prayed on their behalf. They tred, spite and resentment. "Why," says an watched the events and marked how the League African, "these Christians are no better than our- of Nations kept on delaying and disagreeing in selves; they preach love, but they hate each other the application of sanctions which they had like fighting dogs." We pray for the time when agreed to apply to an aggressor. They read about union among the churches will be achieved. At the slaughter of women and children including present the Church is a divided house, and we all the sick in hospitals. No wonder some Africans know the fate of such a house. said that it was a war between black and white.

One cannot ignore the effect of the Italo- Africans, even the most illiterate, in the remot- Abyssinian war on the African mind. The war est corners of the African colonies, discussed has created a new outlook in him. From the be- these matters; no doubt these things have creginning of the war the Africans identified them- ated a new problem in seeking to win them to selves with the Abyssinians. They prayed with Christ.

More Africans on the Witness Stand THE Editor of THE REVIEW sent to several missionaries a request for articles by natives to show their views of the greatest needs of Africa and the value of missionary work, and to give their own reactions to the Gospel. The answers were translated by the missionaires, and from them we select for this number those below. The missionaries who so kindly secured this very original material are: Dr. James Dexter Taylor, Superintendent of Transvaal and Inhambane Districts of the American Board Mission in South Africa; Rev. R. H. W. Shepherd, Lovedale Institution Church, of the Bantu Presbyterian Church of South Africa; Rev. R. S. Roseberry, Chairman, French West Africa Mission of the Christian and Missionary Alliance; Rev. John T. Tucker, Missao de Dondi, Angola. These testimonies come from members of the Theological and Biblical class at Dondi Institute, Dondi, Angola.

1. How Christ has helped the Ovimbundu: We there are many districts where they have never recognize well that Christ has helped the Ovim- yet heard the word of the Gospel. Workers are bundu because in olden days our fathers knew needed. If you travel over all of Africa you will God only as they recognized Him through the find many countries where the people are like things He created, but they lacked the true knowl- sheep without a shepherd. They need the help of edge of His power. Now, however, we recognize the Word. The Umbundu Church is not strong Him because the Lord Jesus has shown Him to enough yet; it is still a child. us and has made us recognize by the Spirit all the good that God has done for us. Not only that, ANTONIO CHICO NUNDA. but He has raised us from the dust and shown us a true Way and has drawn together all the tribes 1. The Word of Christ has helped us in this of the Ovimbundu by His blood. Even though way, that we are now no longer as we were bethat union is not yet quite complete, still there is fore we believed. Of old we had no love for one much love and we expect that it will abound another, no joy or peace, between the tribes toamong the black peoples. ward the Coast and the Biheans upcountry. In those days we were always fighting, but when 2. What we expect that Christ will do for us: the missionaries brought us the word of Jesus Now that we are already on the path of salvation, there came love and peace, so that the tribes of what is now lacking is love among all the races the Ovimbundu became as one tribe, as we are toof the earth, so that white and black races may day here in Dondi. There are students from have one brotherhood. (John 15: 17.) And so if Bailundo, from Camundongo, from Chissamba all races have love one for another, they will be and Chilesso, from Chiyaka, from Galangue, from able to cooperate in things of the heart, because Hualondo Chilonda and other places, and we have our Leader, Jesus Chris~, goes before us and we all become brothers in Christ. shall all follow Him together in faith and will enter with Him into glory. (John 14: 1.) 2. Our hope is this, that God may help us now to enthrone Christ supreme in our Umbundu 3. What is lacking in Africa: The Word of God tribe. And that we who have already recognized is here, and there are some parts of the country Christ as the Living One who gives life, may which have believed, but they lack understanding carry to our comrades His word of salvation and of the Word of God and true faith in it. But grace.

3. There now remains to be done this, that with

one heart we pray to God, that even though we 1. In ancient days our forefathers knew indeed that there is a God, but they did not know what Ovimbundu have not yet made great progress, He was like. However, they named Him in all their big things. God's mercy is especially maniwe may yet be able to help together with our mis- fest in that He sent His own Son to bring us into His family. He has shown us God. He has desionaries to plan a way in which all of Africa livered us freely.

may be reached with the Gospel of Jesus and that 2. Our great hope is that God will enthrone Christ here. We ourselves cannot do this, but we may say, Lord, I am Thy servant; wherever our hope, set on God, is that Christ will reign supreme here. If He doesn't reign, we are as dead you send me, I will go. JOAO BATISTA. men. All true Christians look for Christ, that He will redeem His people from slavery. He alone 1. How Christ has helped the Umbundu tribe: is our hope. We can say that, even though other tribes have reason to give thanks for the help that Christ has 3. The things lacking in Africa are many: given them, our Umbundu tribe has greater reason for thankfulness. a. Those who have already believed should save others who are afar off and have not heard. a. Ever since ancient times we have been backward in everything; today because of Christ we b. All, missionaires and believers here, should have become able to come forward. be of one heart and mind to push forward the Word. b. Even our chiefs in olden times did not have knowledge of the best; today we have begun to c. We pray that God will send many more misknow the truth. sionaries to work among us. Many lands are quite untouched. All should be brought into the c. In olden times only the great and important fold of life; they are His sheep. people had joy and peace; today the Lord Jesus has brought joy to us all. JOAO KAPUKA CHITENDE.

2. What Christ can do for us in these days: 1. Christ has greatly helped our race. His sal- We pray this prayer, "Thy Kingdom come, Thy vation has come to us, hence the fear of death will be done in our country, in our hearts." We greatly desire that Christ may be made known, has been taken from us, even as He said, "He may be trusted, mllY be held in reverence and truly loved, and that we may no longer do our who believes on me shall not die any more." From own wills. ancient days the fear of death has been a night- 3. What yet remains to be done: a. That the missionaries and the Church should mare to our Umbundu family; today that fear work together, helping one another with one heart has gone. Christ has helped us too in that He and one mind. has brought us the blessing of being able to read b. We need love in order to spread abroad the Word of God to the many countries that lack the the Bible, and to write and to go ahead in things Gospel message. that help the body too. Our ancient chiefs, Katia- ALBERTO CANHANGA CATEMA.

1. The Word of Christ has greatly helped the vala and Ekongo, saw nothing of these things; Ovimbundu for originally we lacked cooperation. Now Christ has brought us the word of love with- we, their children, see them because of Christ. out stint. That love has bound us to Him and has taught us to help one another. Even those 2. Our hope is that our family will awake and who belong to another tribe we see are our brethren. will go ahead like other races. We know that 2. We trust Christ that He will stir up amongst Christ will do this for us because He has begun it. us Ovimbundu the desire to urge one another to go ahead and spread abroad His word among Looking back on what He has done gives us conthose who have never heard it. We trust that He will make us true workers for Him, helping, and fidence that He will continue to do it for us albeing helped by, our teachers from the foreign country. ways.

3. Here in Africa there is a lack of teachers 3. The greatest need of our country is that from abroad, as many lands have not the Gospel. Here in Angola untouched tribes are: Esele, the Word of God should be preached in all parts, Nyemba, Kuanyama, Luimbi, Gonzelo, Chilenge, Humbi, Luseke and many others. Let us work for there are many who as yet have never heard while there is light. it. Our prayer is that God will bless the churches RAUL KAMBISA MUKINDA. in the foreign country so that none will even think of reducing the number of missionaries who come here, but rather increase their numbers so that.

they and we may work together. Africa needs badly many teachers of the Word, also doctors.

The work is going forward rapidly now, but much remains to be done. We trust that God will put this thought into the hearts of the people in the foreign lands. ISRAEL C. CASSOMA.

A Converted Priest in Venezuela*

Transformed by the Power of God ELIECER FERNANDEZ was born and raised made director of the Sucre College and chaplain in the city of Cumana, the capital of the State of the town of Los Dos Caminos. He also held of Sucre, on the northern coast of Venezuela. conferences for the purpose of denouncing the This city has good federal schools and boasts of Protestants, edited two papers and a "Parish society and night life, and is quite a manufactur- Sheet," all dedicated to the destruction of the work ing town, as well as a busy seaport. His parents of the Gospel in Venezuela.

were Roman Catholics by birth, but as is generally Contending Against "Heretics" the case now in South America, neither went to church except on the great feast days. Being On the island of Margarita, just off the northern fairly well off financially, the parents sent Eliecer coast of Venezuela, Mr. and Mrs. Van V. Eddings, to the federal schools where he received a good the first resident Protestant missionaries had laid education. He studied also the Bible and philoso- the foundations and made plans for a chapel. In Puerto Fermin, a small fishing town on nthaetivceoabset~ phy and was altar boy in the Roman Church. this Gospel chapel had been built by the When he was fourteen years old, the Bishop lievers themselves, a native worker was in charge from Ciudad Bolivar visited Cumana and persuaded his parents to give Eliecer to the Church. and the work was spreading throughout the island. Thus, in blind faith he put on the black robes and became a "familiar" of the Bishop of Ciudad To this island came the young priest Fernandez, Bolivar. For two and a half years he was chaplain of the Cathedral Choir, where his work was then twenty-seven years old. Evidently news of so meritorious that he was then sent to Caracas and placed in the seminary by the Archbishop. He the Gospel work being done had reached the ears soon became head of the students and at twentyone years was ordained subdeacon. A year later of the bishops of Venezuela, for, after a conference the Nuncio (the Pope's personal representative) ordained him Deacon, and he showed such zeal at the capital, they made inquiry of Fernandez that when only twenty-three the Archbishop secured special permission from the Pope to ordain concerning the spread of Protestantism on the him as a priest. (The rule of the Roman Church does not permit ordination to the priesthood until island. As a result of his report they purchased the age of twenty-five.) for him, at the cost of some $720, the title of "Spe- At Caracas Fernandez won a scholarship in the Seminary at Rome, but he refused to go, because cial Missionary of the Holy See of Rome in Marhe could see no good resulting to other priests who had gone. His next office was that of Secretary garita against Protestantism." This title gave of the "Curia Arzobispal" (the Tribunal of the Church) which deals with the personal character him the privilege of speaking in any church on and reputation of the priests in all Venezuela, and thus he came to know personally all the priests of Margarita at any time and the priest made use of Rome in that country. He built the Church of Santa Rosa in Caracas and a chapel, "Capilla del ~t ze~lously, holding special services every night Carmen," and as a result was given a special two .years' course of lectures by the Archbishop and III dIfferent towns, warning against the deadly Nuncio, entirely devoted to opposition to Protestantism. The zealous priest began a vigorous min- heresy of Protestantism. Fernandez fired the peoistry against the Protestants, going first to Puerto Piritu, where he held conferences and built a ple with such hatred against the huneraentnicos~ntcheadt the chapel. Next in Miranda he founded a new par- Gospel services had to be held beish and was made Vicar of Ocumare del Tuy where he finished the church building and hind closed doors. With some one hundred and preached with such zeal that the Brethren missionaries from Caracas had to leave the town. fifty followers, he attacked the home of one of the The next year he was again called to Caracas and believers during a service, pelting the house with mud and stones. Being urged to more drastic steps by letters from his bishop, he decided to do away with everything Protestant in Margarita.

He had the Christians put in jail, forced them to work on the roads, carry his organ, bells, etc., in- cluding the images, as he went from place tkoepptlahcie~' taught the children to insult them and followers watching their every little act in order to find some cause for an attack.

Before the Protestants built their chapel in Puerto Fermin, the Roman priests had scarcely come to the town, but now Fernandez began to bu~ld a church there near the Gospel· Chape1.

PrIest Vasquez, vicar of the island and priest of "The Virgin of the Valley of the Holy Spirit"

(probably the best paying position in Venezuela) was made treasurer of the enterprise. One week the priest sent to the treasurer for money to pay • An article sent by a correspondent in Carupano. the men but the vicar claimed he had no money [535 ]

left in the treasury. Fernandez knew this could he immediately called together the eight men who not be true, so gave each workman an order on were his voluntary fellow-prisoners and swore be- the vicar for the amount due him. .These orders fore them that when he got out of jail he would were not honored and after much correspondence leave the Church of Rome, because she had failed between the priests and the bishop, the matter was to support him at this time. The remainder of his dropped, Fernandez deciding that it was simply a six weeks in jail were spent in reading the Bible personal grudge of the vicar. After the receipt of to the other men and writing twelve articles another letter from the bishop telling Fernandez against the infallibility of the pope and other Ro- that it was "now time to do away with Protestant- man doctrines.

ism on Margarita," the priest made plans to carry When taken ill, he was allowed to rent a house out his instructions literally if possible. Conse- in the town and stay there under guard. His fa- quently, on the fourth of July, 1921, aided by a ther came from Cumana to care for him and he company of people who had come from the adjoin- received many visitors, but absolutely refused to ing country to hear more about the errors of the see any priest or bishop. The bishop who had Gospel, he literally wrecked the little Gospel written him urging that the Protestants on the chapel, with clubs, picks, bars, etc., then set fire island be done away with, came to see him, but in to it, using every hymn book and Bible on the spite of his father's pleas, the priest refused to place. The little company of Christians fled to the see him. Soon after this he was at liberty and ac- hills where they spent the night. The next morn- cepted an invitation to spend a few weeks in a ing when Fernandez went to view the wreckage private home near Carupano, on the mainland.

he found a woman with the large pulpit Bible One year before the burning of the chapel on Mar- which had escaped the flames because of its heavy garita, the Orinoco River Mission had been estab- covers. She was just starting to burn it, but he lished, with headquarters in Carupano. Fernan- stopped her, saying that he wished to keep it as a dez was expecting to rest while in San Jose and remembrance of the occasion, and took it home, to consider the steps necessary for leaving the carelessly throwing it on the table where he kept priesthood. He was urged to serve the people as his writing materials. priest and did so, though he continued reading the Much to the surprise and chagrin of the young Bible and renounced alI" his titles. He visited his fanatic, about ten o'clock that morning special parents, informing them that he was going to take police came down from Asuncion to take him to off his robes and three times visited Rev. Van V.

jail. The people protested and would have mobbed Eddings, Director of the Orinoco River Mission, the police for taking the "padrecito" to j ail, but at Carupano. One afternoon Mr. Fernandez Fernandez quieted them with a word and accom- walked out of his house without his robes. Soon panied by eight men who volunteered to share his this was known all over the country. After this bonds started on the long, hot walk to Asuncion. he visited the mission at Carupano more fre- When they were quartered in the jail, Fernandez quently, even testifying in the Protestant pulpit realized that his stay might be prolonged so sent that he had left the Church of Rome because of its for the books on his table with the paper and ink. corruptness and was looking for the Way of sal- When the books came, with them was the pulpit vation. God was speaking to him but the priest Bible from the little Gospel chapel. He threw it was not yet truly converted.

into the corner and there it lay for two days. He Excommunicated called two lawyers to work on his case, but had no funds to pay them, so sent them to the Vicar Vas- Then followed a year of unrest, sorrow and sin- quez, who again refused him any funds. That fulliving. Upon refusing to return to the priest- afternoon, Fernandez sighted the Bible and began hood, he was excommunicated from the Church of out of curiosity to read it. Inside was a tract with Rome and banished from the State of Sucre for a list of Roman customs and practices, opposite one year. He went to a distant town, rented a each the Bible reference refuting it. After read- little house, furnished with three empty boxes, a'

ing and studying these for a few hours, he again native hammock and a Bible. He began to prac- threw the Bible down, but was rather frightened, tice law, living meanwhile illegally with a young for he now had his first doubts of the infallibility girl whom he could not marry because of the law of his Church. The lawyers returned with the forbidding a priest to marry. The girl died there report that the vicar had again refused to help and soon afterward Fernandez was allowed to re~ him but that the people of Fernandez' parish had turn home where he stayed for some months. Ac- paid the $120 necessary to start his defense. This cepting an opportunity to go to Trinidad, he found did not make the priest feel any too grateful to- employment in a department store, living mean- wards Rome. In this frame of mind he again read while a very worldly life. Some months later he the Bible, this time about the conversion of Saul was legally married to the sister-in-law of one of of Tarsus. Such was the effect upon his mind that the partners of the firm, a well educated woman

A CONVERTED PRIEST IN VENEZUELA

of much finer type than most Venezuelan women, of those listening went to the "society" with a rewhose father is an Englishman and mother a Ven- port that he had insulted them and had told what ezuelan. The young couple became constant read- they had confessed to him while a priest. The City ers of the Bible and soon gave evidence of changed Council took up the question and some wanted to arrest him but the Lord raised up two friends, lives. lawyers, who told the Council that they did not Later Mr. Eddings received a letter from Mr. believe he had told anything personal. Finally a committee went to the capital of the state and Fernandez, stating that he was assured of the tried to influence the governor with the help of the truth of the Gospel and wanted to return to those bishop. The governor would not listen to them. whom he once persecuted and reviled, in order Almighty God intervened in answer to prayer, or that he might preach the truth to them. Of his Satan would have caused serious trouble. own accord the expriest had given up drink, smoking, theater-going and spent all his spare time In due time both Mr. and Mrs. Fernandez were studying the Word of God. Broken by God's love, baptized. He began to preach in some of the they were truly saved by His grace, through faith small towns around Carupano. One night he in Jesus Christ. For months they studied dili- spoke in Playa Grande and some of the more fagently and through every testing time, proved natical men formed a committee and came to their real change of life and heart. Carupano, lodging a formal complaint against Fernandez. This resulted in two opportunities to Finally, without any promise of support or help, give the Gospel to those in high places. Mr. Fergiving up a good position, leaving friends and nandez demanded that his accusers meet him face relatives, Mr. and Mrs. Fernandez went to Caru- to face and again he was cleared of guilt and gave pano, to take up more definite study in order to be a powerful testimony. He knew the law better prepared for Christian service. They are living than those who were against him, and parted comin part of the mission home at Carupano, helping pany with them having made friends. in the daily work of the mission, and proving to all their changed hearts and lives. Mr. Fernandez Mr. Fernandez had continued his studies and is took charge of the day school and is making good a very energetic Christian, able to enthuse Chrisprogress with his young pupils, who otherwise tians to greater efforts for the Master. He has would have nQ opportunity for education. given many proofs of his desire to do the Lord's will and has been used for the spread of the King- The people of the town soon knew that Mr. dom. In September, 1927, they went to Piritu, in Fernandez was there at the mission and the next the State of Anzoategui, for a month's vacation. evening the chapel was crowded and the doorways While there he held several services, in one of packed with people. The midweek services were them there were 42 of his relatives present. Upon also well attended. He spoke to a respectful audi- their return they were stationed at Margarita, on ence and told in very simple language the story of the Gulf of Cariaco, to take up the work and build how God had touched his heart and of his deter- up a church. mination to follow Christ. Dangers lurk on every side, ready to attack this The following week he spoke of the evil pre- fearless follower of our Lord and Saviour Jesus vailing in society. He told how some of the "best" Christ. This man is a challenge to every praying people of Carupano used to come to him in the Christian. We must surround him and his faithconfessional, invited him to their banquets, and ful wife with a wall of prayer that nothing and no considered him almost a demigod, while all the one may hinder his public testimony and ministry time his priestly robes covered a multitude of sins. when the time is ripe for him to go forth with the Now that he had taken off the gown, and with it blessed Gospel of our Lord and Saviour Jesus had discarded the old life of hypocrisy, lying, evil Christ, throughout Venezuela, where he once deeds, many of those same people were calling helped to keep the people blinded and ignorant. him sin verguenza (without shame), almost the worst name that can be applied in Spanish. Some AN AFRICAN MESSAGE TO AMERICAN YOUTH An African woman in the Congo-BeIge sent this message to the youth of America: "Tell the young people of America that they came in the past and awakened our sleeping souls. Tell them we have peace but we also have unrest – unrest because multitudes of our people are lost. Tell the young people of America to come, not cringing and hopeless. Tell them to come without clouds in their eyes. Tell them to come looking at the light that is on the face of Jesus Christ and knowing how to laugh at impossibilities in His name."-Dawn.

and Christianity in Africa

By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Professor of Missions and the History of Religion t~o.- in Princeton Theological Seminary SOUTH AFRICA is the land of an established one dating from 622.A. D. and one from the birth Christian Church; Central Africa of an in- of our Saviour. Outside of Khartum, in the vast digenous church won from paganism; North Sudan, Islam still seems to be chiefly a veneer, and Africa has well been called the "land of the van- the Negro blood carries with it a characteristic ished church." Here is where Islam devastated jovial friendship and responsiveness to approach; the heritage of Christ and swept like a sirocco blast from the Nile to the Atlantic, wiping out churches-whose memory lingers in the names of Augustine, Cyprian and Tertullian.

Our Saviour found refuge in Egypt in his early childhood, and at the last an African from Cyrene bore His cross to Golgotha. But the work of the early Church is now only a memory. That Church disappeared for three reasons: The Scriptures were never given to the great Berber nation in their own tongue; the missionary spirit grad- RlLIGlOl,:S Cor-:Qlf….. r ually faded away; and the Church itself ceased to be truly indigenous and became dominated by _ l.ont" IJr ' I"N1mm.:tbn Con1)Oltd;uiun Greek and Latin theologians. Therefore it declined; at last the Moslem invasion of the seventh _ _ l.onl of ~I()hammedan Ad".lnc.: _ ' ….n" o{ ChrbtLlII AJv;mn."

_ "..II(":(,'Chri)t~lnt:lJo",,lIJ.tn..,"

century destroyed it. The Coptic Church of Egypt AFRICA which gave the people the Bible survives to this day. For twelve long centuries three religions .~h J<IC ~prno:nI' ~ !''''''UU1lI have struggled for the mastery in the Dark Con- oll"""n ""film h;i'm~ In ~…dtlh.r … :tl 1._10: .lno,' .omcriQn. Europr•• n.

.w_" ." "h".. Sc''l"h .-fri.,.", 1 • tinent. Three types of culture have striven for its inhabitants. THE RELIGIOU.S ADVANCE IN AFRICA The great Sudan is an example. Islam, Chris- North Africa-Moslem Consolidation; North Central-Moslem Ad- vance; South Central-Christian Advance ; South Africa-Christian tianity, and Paganism, and three races – the Consolidation. Dots represent Protestant missionary residences. Egypto-Arabian, the Sudanese, and the British- here have to live in harmony. Addressing a meet- but in Khartum and Omdurman Islam is stiffening of Arab notables in Omdurman at a tea-party ing and deepening its grip on the people. in the American Mission garden in 1926, I quoted Al Mutannabi's well-known lines: What is true of Northern Africa is, alas, true also south of the Sahara. Islam is everywhere I am known to the night and the wind and the steed, active. In Dahomey, on the West Coast, there are To the sword and the guest, to the paper and reed, no less than one hundred and fifty-four Koran schools, and Islam is rapidly winning its way and and added that these lines summarize the recent strengthening its grip. In Ethiopia the Gallas history of the Sudan: the night of pagan igno- and some other tribes have become Moslem and rance, the coming of the swift cavalry of the the inferior strata of the population seem more Arabian conquerors, the fire and sword of the and more ready to adopt the cult of the prophet.

Mahdi and his Khalifa, and finally the British Concerning the -province of Jimma Abagifar in "guests" with their new administration. Khartum Southern Ethiopia, Dr. T. A. Lambie wrote a few offers, as many another center in Africa, the con- years ago: "I saw something there that I never trast of two religions, that of the mosque and of heard of, namely, the Mohammedans sending out the church, of the Crescent and of the Cross, the actual mission colonies to the heathen Gallas."

standards of the prophet of Mecca and of our The conquest of Ethiopia by Italy has worked Saviour Jesus Christ. The city has two calendars, ill for the cause of Christian missions, for the new [538 ] rulers have given special legal privileges to Islam wholeheartedly by us. In compliance with this Declaraeverywhere. Arabic has been declared the official tion we solemnly sacrifice all our properties, real and perlanguage in Harar Province and schools and sonal, of whatever nature, even to the last penny in the mosques are being built in the chief centers, and cause of Ahmadiyyat. We further offer all our earthly special treaty rights given. connections, i. e., our dear wives, parents, children, male and female, our body and its life-blood, our honor and From Zanzibar, on the East Coast, the mission- above all our very souls, in the same holy cause. aries report a revival of active Moslem propaganda, enforced by many newcomers from Cairo From Southern Nigeria the Rev. L. C. Hickin writes (March, 1935) : AFRICANS READING THE MOSLEM OUTLOOK It comes as a real shock to hear that after eighty years of missionary effort Islam is still making headway in the south. It is to a certain extent accounted for by the activity of the Ahmadiya movement. They have copied our institutions and adopted much of our terminology.

The central mosque as Lagos is known as the "Cathe- dral" mosque (an indication of the way in which the building of our Cathedral has struck the African imagina- tion); it has a choir and "choir practices" take place on certain nights of the week just as at the Cathedral. A good example of this imitation of our methods is furnished uy the following notice taken from the Nigerian Daily Times of November 3, 1934: "In commemoration of the Lailatul-Israi-wal-Miraj, the Zumratul-Islamiyyah will hold a watchnight service at the Wasinmi Mosque tomorrow, Sunday, when Brother Abdul Ganiyi LawaI will deliver a lecture on the occasion, under the chairmanship of Mr. Alimi Baruwa, supported by notable Muslim savants and gentlemen. In continuation of the celebration, the Society will hold Revival Meetings . . . and The Clarion-Call of Islam will be the subject of the lecture at each centre."

who are trying to rouse the somewhat lethargic According to Dr. Julius Richter, Islam is pene- Mohammedans of Zanzibar into greater activity. trating with blighting influence through Tangan- In Liberia, on the West, the Government reports yika into the heart of Africa. Two millions of the that the Mohammedan Negroes are steadily pene- population are already nominally Moslems, "they trating into the hinterland. They cut down the represent an advancing host intent on occupying forests and take possession little by little, driving all the main roads and the main areas of the Terthe forest dwellers toward the interior. But espe- ritory." cially in the vast Anglo-Egyptian and the French Sudan, in Northern Nigeria and in West Africa, North Africa is now a highway to the Sudan Islam is the great problem. and motor traffic crosses the Sahara. The Niger valley, like that of the Nile and of the Shari, is We must turn to statistics to realize the serious- already an open road for the advance of Islam. ness of the situation. A recent study made by Only in Uganda and in Nyasaland are there ef- Monsieur A. Corman for the Bulletin de l'Union fective barriers for the continued spread of Islam Missionaire du Clerge Belge (July, 1936) gives in central Africa. There native Christian schools the total Moslem population of all Africa as fifty- have blocked its penetration. three millions, of which twenty-three millions belong to the Bantu races of what is generally con- The actual statistical situation can be studied in the accompanying table. But it is more imporsidered pagan Africa. That is, 34 % of the total tant to arouse the Church to the dynamic situa- tion. There are three factors that require empopulation of Africa is Mohammedan. In French phasis: West Africa alone, according to recent reports (June, 1936), there are 7,583 Koran schools w.ith 1. Islam has a carefully prepared program for the religious education of all Africa that has m59~v3e7m8epnutpsilusp. poOrntedthbeyGIonlddiaCnoMasotstlheme sAihsmalaadrlmya- never been investigated by a Phelps-St.okes Com- mission. At the important Le Zoute Conference ingly active. A remarkable letter appeared in only Pagan Africa had the right of way on the The Sunrise (August, 1936) written by a group program. In the popular mission study of Negroof new converts from Ashanti: Africa the textbooks generally ignore this factor. Yet to one who visits Khartum, Omdurman, Kano, We the undermentioned members of the Ahmadiyya Timbucktu, Capetown, or Johannesburg, it is clear community of Kumasi (Ashanti) do faithfully promise as the day that Islam is on trek into the Bantuand declare on our own accord that the great message speaking world. The Arabic-speaking area of the brought to us at Kumasi today from our Master, Hazrat Khalifatulmasih in India, through his accredited representative Alhaj Maulvi Nazir Ahmad, has been accepted

continent is expanding from the northeast toward always includes the Arabic speech and letters, the southwest. One is startled to learn that the which are spreading today in Africa. In Cape- base of this movement includes twelve countries town the Arabic character is used to print a Dutch where over ninety per cent of the population is (Afrikaans) commentary on the Koran!

Moslem: Morocco, Tunisia, Rio de Oro, Egypt, Islam's Advantages Libya, Tripoli, Mauritania, Zanzibar and British, French and Italian Somaliland. In these lands III. Islam has advantages because it offers the Islamic culture is dominant. Islamic ideals in- African entmnce into an exclusive cosmopolitan spire youth. The Koran has its way in primary brotherhood. education. In seven other countries fifty per cent The cosmopolitan character of the Islamic of the people are Moslem, namely, Algeria,Sene- brotherhood in Africa is emphasized by the use gal, Guinea, the Niger province, Northern Ni- of the same character in writing and the same geria, the Chad-district and Eritrea; while four speech in prayer and public worship. The wooden countries count over thirty-three per cent Moslem. slates in the hands of children at Fez, Timbuctu, The total Christian population of Africa both Mponda, Zanzibar,. Lagos, and Capetown, have Catholic and Protestant including Europeans, is the same copy and the same script: "Bismillahi- not over eleven million.* From these statistics ar-rahman-ar-rahim."

one can see that Moslem religious education, which Religious pride is the strength of Islam in begins with early childhood, has numerical advan- Africa, while racial pride is the peculiar weakness tage over the mission school. of Christianity in Africa. On these two state- II. The Arabic alphabet and language are still ments one could hang all the chapters of recent the vehicles of Islam in Africa. Louis Massignon religious unrest in the Dark Continent.

of the College de France points out that the so- The Mohammedan who witnesses for Islam has called close connection between "arabization and certain apparent advantages over the messenger islamization" is a false inference. The centers of of the Cross. He is in most cases a native of propaganda today in the world of Islam are in Africa and understands the language and habits non-Arabic-speaking lands. The Arab world is of its peoples. The ethnical gulf is not wide; and not exclusively Moslem, nor is the Moslem world the ethical gulf not deep. A government official specifically Arabic. Nevertheless, he admits that in Nigeria points out how the social ideals of in Africa, Arab influence is predominantly Mos- Islam help in winning native races to the accept- lem. And Cairo remains the center of this reli- ance of this new faith: gious propaganda. A letter just received states Polygamy has always been a rock, the wrecking rock, in that "eight of the best Arabic books published last the path of Christianity's advance amongst the native year were biographies of Mohammed and that the races in Africa. The pagans are polygamous, the Mohambroadcasting station of Cairo gives Koran selec- medans are polygamous, everybody accepts polygamy, entions twice a day and thrice on Sunday. Two dorses polygamy, practices polygamy-everybody, that is, thousand nominal Christians embraced Islam last except the Christians. year." The Moslem press was never more active and virulent toward Christianity in spite of its There are certain respects, indeed, in which own dissensions and disputes. Islam is a far better creed than Animism. Those who embrace its teaching make one great bound Tourists in Cairo seldom wander to what may forward and upward fr·om idolatry and its dark be called "Paternoster Row," the booksellers' degradation into the light of Islamic theism. In quarters. Here, near the Azhar University, piled some parts of Africa Islam has suppressed canhigh, you may see huge parcels of Arabic books nibalism and human sacrifice; it has removed addressed to Kordofan, Timbuctu, Capetown, some of the coarser features of priestcraft and Zanzibar, Sierra Leone, Mombasa, Madagascar. witchcraft. It has professed to enforce abstinence Islam pours out literature and extends the area of from strong drink and has generally succeeded. Arabic-literates every year! It has taught the sinfulness of gambling. It has inculcated the three positive duties of formal While at Zomba in Nyasaland, in 1925, I walked prayer, fasting, and almsgiving. some miles through the jungle to a Moslem village where I was expected to make an address through But on the negative side it produces a religious a Christian interpreter who spoke Yao. On ar- pride and arrogance that is characteristic of this rival, the courtyard before the mosque was faith everywhere. It has tolerated and encour.: crowded. I received a warm welcome, but never aged human slavery and worst of all by its theory used my Christian interpreter. The Imam and his and practice it has degraded womanhood. It also son had been to Mecca, spoke perfect Arabic, and gives a distorted view of Jesus and of Christianinterpreted for me into Yao. Islamic civilization ity. There is no hope for Africa in Islam; which is always a barrier and not a stepping stone to the • For detail see Zwemer's Across the World of Islam, pp. 188, 189. . Gospel message.

ISLAM AND CHRISTIANITY IN AFRICA TODAY

But today Christianity is gaining strength in A MOSLE"M MOSQUE" IN CAPE"TOWN every part of Africa. Islam is losing its former prestige and power; it no longer has the support Country Total Percentof Colonial governments it once had. Moreover Population Moslems age Islam only spreads but Christianity penetrates. French Guinea ……. . It creates new life and a new literature. Ivory Coast ………. . 2,095,988 1,600,000 70 Dahomey …………. . 1,724,545 The question is how can we develop a strong Haute Volta ………. . 189,699 11 Christian church on the border-marches of Islam? French Nigeria ……. . 979,609 Such a Church, indigenous to the soil, independent Liberia ………….. . 3,018,191 70,000 7 in its soul and awake to the call for immediate Gold Coast ……….. . 1,220,000 evangelism, would be irresistible. The Christian Togo ……………. . 1,700,000 444,000 15 Church of African birth already numbers nearly North Nigeria …….. . 1,500,000 four million and has peculiar qualities adapted to South Nigeria …….. . 1,032,000 952,000 78 this great task. What it needs is leadership. This Camerun …………. . 9,000,000 is especially true of the Coptic Christians. Oubangi-Chari …….. . 7,858,689 200,000 11 Among the special endowments of the Negro race Chad ……………. . 2,530,000 are a lively sense of God's personality and the ob- Nyasaland ……….. . 75,000 5 jective character of His manifestations; strong Union of South Africa 606,644 emotional experience; musical talent and the ex- Mozambique ………. . 1,271,371 30,000 3 pression of religion in song; social capacity and Madagascar ………. . • 1,218,238 sympathy; and an appreciation of authority. Reunion Island ……. . 5,973,394 Mauritius ………… . 3,120,000 If the Christian Church in Africa could be ZanziiJar …………. . 3,545,575 aroused to use these gifts in its present opportu- Tanganyika ………. . nity; be healed of its needless divisions (e. g., in Uganda ………….. . 173,000 South Africa); present a united front and pro- Kenya .. .. …. … …. . 385,000 claim a living Saviour, she would carry victory Italian Somaliland …. . 199,462 everywhere. Already ninety per cent of the edu- British Somaliland …. . 4,000,000 cational program for Africa south of the Sahara French Somaliland …. . 3,318,271 Eritrea ………….. . 2,500,000 IS in missionary hands. Every school produces Abyssinia ………… . 350,000 300,000 new readers; and they are all taught to read in 210,000 their own tongues the Book which is "as a hammer 406,000 and as a fire" to break down superstition and 8,000,000 kindle the flame of a new and purer life. The missionaries in Africa, and not Moslem dervishes, are laying the foundations of a literary education for the Negro races. In the schools of the Protestant missions in Africa there are nearly a million pupils – Christian, Pagan, Moslem children.

We must bring this glory and honor of all Africa into the New Jerusalem – the City of God.

5,855,000 64 Islam in Africa* 1,940,000 25 500,000 25 Total 25,000 5 Population country Percent- 920,000 72 6,063,496 Moslems age Algeria ………….. . 2,159,708 160,000 10 Tunisia …. . ……… . 4,750,000 5,174,872 82 Morocco ………….. . 1,932,184 93 45,842 1 Rio de Oro … …….. . 50,000 4,607,500 97 Egypt …………… . 14,186,898 60,000 2 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan . 50,000 100 Tripoli ………….. . 6,469,041 11,658,148 91 669,200 18 Barqa …………… . 569,093 Senussi Emirat ……. . 255,000 2,800,000 40 3,000 2 Mauritania ……….. . 20,000 553,081 91 Senegal ………….. . 261,000 252,450 99 44,955 11 French Sudan …….. . 20,000 100 1,318,287 254,000 99 199,462 100 2,737,119 915,000 68 684,280 25 400,000 10 600,000 20 1,000,000 40 350,000 100 300,000 . 100 210,000 100 • The following statistical summary is based on the best avail- 261,000 64 able sources. E"specially the Statesman's Year-Book and the "Anllualre du Monde Musulman" by Louis Ma88ignon, 1925 (E"rnest 3,000,000 37 Leroux, Paris) . The natural Increase of the population during the past ten years would make the total for all Africa over fifty-two 106,075,574 49,005,673 45 millions.

Ways of

'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home s. EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~,=,=============I~ AUTUMN GLEANINGS mated conversation about their ex- asking them to pick out all that per- periences on the field. Upon leaving tains to Africa – jewelry, automobile A tiny methods suggestion the train at Vacationland, strips of tires, dyes, ivory toilet articles and will often set your mind to work- items to be guessed are tacked on innumerable other items. ing to better purpose than a well rounded plan could do. Glance trees and shrubs, those guessing the Hold a combination home and forthrough these gleanings from greatest number aright being privi- eign meeting in which you consider many sources and find some- leged to sit in the Pullman section on "Africa in Africa and in America," thing which meets your mission the way oack. A variety of other feagroup's needs: showing how if you take "me" out of tures may be added. "America for Christ" you have "Af- List the new people in the autumn congregation. Invite them to your During the social period of a meet- rica for Christ" left. home for a "hobby party." After each tells what her pet avocation is, state ing, use African sayings as proverbs Sell "A Cure for the Blues" in pill that you have a friend whose hobby (see "Congo Crosses" for suitable or powder boxes, pricing them at $1.00 is missions and that you have asked quotations), shaking them out of a each and vending the wares either her to speak on the theme for a few among extension members (shut-ins minutes. Then reap a little harvest round box. of members for a missionary organization. One worker who tried this Have we any superstitions like those for various reasons) or at a public organized a young woman's mission- benighted Africans? Ask your audi- meeting. If the latter, have boxes ary society at the close. ence and hear their bombardment- opened simultaneously, but for the black cats, Friday, the thirteenth of former advise that they be not opened A unique birthday celebration is the month, throwing salt in the fire until an attack comes on. Sample furnished by having each member of after a "spill," seeing the new moon powder: "When you find yourself the missionary society bring in a new over the right shoulder, sitting 13 at getting blue, something for somebody member on her own birthday. As a else go do." In the open meeting, the wind-up, hold a birthday festival at table, etc., etc. leader announces after the opening, which such old members bring their new recruits and sit with them during Ask your librarian to let you consult "Now you are all cured of your 'blues.' an appropriate celebration. the National Geographic Magazine Here is a project list to choose your Don't allow offioes to become heredi- for June and July, 1935, when pre- work from." One organization netted tary. The speaker thus admonishing paring this year's foreign programs. $24.00 this way and doubtless hartold of a missionary society in which vested a goodly amount of fresh enan annual function was held wherein The numbers are full of maps and deavor besides. each officer had a candle lighted for pictures of Africa. everyone of her years of incumbency. (All the foregoing suggestions were One officer proudly stood in the glow Play the game of Who's Who, using of 35 candles! There was nothing in the names of Livingstone, Schweitzer, taken from methods .talks by Mrs. H. this organization for the younger etc., as found in current study books. M. Le Sourd at the Lakeside, Ohio, members to do. Death finally removed "Where's Where" may utilize geo- conference of Methodist Episcopal forthe president, but nothing ~uld re- graphical queries as, for instance, eign mission women of the Cincinnati move the others! "Lord, teach us to where is the only piece of African district.) resign !" land not held under a protectorate? The Men's Council of the Mondamin The late Mrs. Katherine Cronk said she had learned not to pray for more (Liberia.) "What's What" may deal Christian church, Des Moines, Iowa, is strength but for the ability to put 10 other people to work. with a 1936 model of something. A now three years old and has a mem- For a July meeting hold a train man and a woman may give a skit in bership of 60 men. It is divided into party for those who did not go away for a vacation. Arrange chairs with which the former says he is "not in- three sections, each of which holds a an aisle through the middle as in a railroad coach. Have missionary terested in missions." She may reply chapter meeting monthly. These men questions written on baggage or wrap checks. A fruit boy goes through the ruling out of his life all that comes cooperate with the Women's Council train, also a newsboy handling missionary magazines and other litera- from Africa, as material or finished in sponsoring an annual school of misture. Impersonators of missionaries sit as passengers and engage in ani- product-and he thus loses his tooth- sions. The men support home mis- brush, the piano keys, his auto which sion projects and have a budget for cannot run without rubber tires, his general missions. A similar Men's ring which containR hoth gold and a Council exists in the Osceola Christian diamond, his much-loved breakfast church at Osceola, Iowa. It holds cocoa and a hundred other items. monthly missionary meetings and sup- This is sure to affect the future mis- ports its definite piece of work on a sionary outlook. "How's How" may mission field. It was organized less deal with material on page 89 in "How than a year ago and has 20 members.

to Use" (booklet giving teaching- Thus are "the brethren" invading points for "Congo Crosses") – how some of the last territory formerly would you travel? etc. allocated to women!

"The Finding-Out Box," by Kath- "Sphinx" is the new game being erine Cronk, while written especially featured this year by northern Bap- for children, will give valuable ma- terial for the suggested skit. tists to combine missionary informa- tion and interest with entertainment Have a Newspaper Party, distrib- around the fireside, for Sunday after- uting newspapers to the members and noons at home, for Sunday school [542 ]

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

classes, young people's groups, schools brought from the lawn of each signed their responsibilities and of missions, ch arch socials, men's classes, women's circles-yes, and pas- home represented among the 25 spent several weeks in study for tors' conferences! Someone chosen as their parts. Two girls in costhe Reader first reads aloud very children and five teachers, to tume met the guests as they ar- these being added soil contribu- slowly a list of 52 questions so that all tions from Sugar Loaf-a prom- rived: two others told stories to others – known as Listeners – will know beforehand what they are ex- inent hill often used in cere- show customs of the land and pected to remember. Next the Reader monials and local gatherings, the help Christianity has brought gives a booklet, "Developing Africa's from several of the Denison to them: a demonstration Chi- Riches in Christ" clearly and delib- University fraternity houses and nese school was conducted to the erately, this requiring 21 minutes. Sheets of the questions are then dis- from the grade school attended amusement of all present: Chitributed among the Listeners and they by the children. There were fill out all the answers they can in 10 further imbedded with the roots nese games were supervised by another pair of girls, while the minutes, each working independently. a clam shell from Rhode Island, remainder of the group served On the check-up, each one making 50 bits of granite from Massachu- the "tea" (chocolate milk in tea points is counted a Good Listener. A score ranging from 50 to 75 points is setts, a Texas centenary stamp, cups) and puffed rice balls. This marked "A Very Good Listener." shell money and a stamp from work has thrilled the girls and Over 75 points is counted "An Excep- the Belgian Congo, Africa, a bit I am sure their interest in the tional Listener." Figures in paran- of writing from India, a letter rest of the world is more pertheses after each question indicate the from Burma, stones from East sonal than it would have been in number of points to be awarded for and West China and tiny pieces a more formal method of study. correct answers. The questions cover of pottery from Mexico. Then the continent, the region in which the planting was consummated. MRS. H. E. BLOUGH. Baptists are working, the specific Though others will call it a for- Clear Lake, Iowa. missions, evangelism, education, med- sythia bush, the children will alical work, personnel and general in- FROM OUR LIBRARY formation. Booklet, question and an- ways refer to it as "Our World swer sheets may be obtained from The TABLE Woman's American Baptist Foreign Friendship Tree." See America First (Home Mission Mission Society or the American Bap- MRS. HELEN LEACH, tist Foreign Mission Society, 152 Madison Ave., New York City, for 5 Junior Superintendent. study): Sketch or cut out picture of cents to cover mailing. young woman seated in comfortable Lesson outlines on "Consider Af- A PLAN FOR INTER- chair reading a book. Print: "Travrica," as taught by their author at a MEDIATES eling via Arm-Chair De luxe at (time, Leadership Training Class at the date, place)." Draw map of states Winona Summer School of Missions A group of intermediate girls included in territory under consideramay be obtained from Mrs. Garret have been studying world fellow- tion. Print: "Come, Clasp Hands Hondelink, 417 Alexander St., Roch- ship indirectly. Meeting twice a with Some of Our Home Missionester, N. Y. Price, 10 cents plus 6 month they prepare handwork aries," adding place and date, this to cents for postage. These outlines for the primary classes, have be under large sketch of hands cover appropriate Scripture, clear demonstration lessons of meth- clasped across the map. analyses of the text, devices such as ods in primary teaching and do "check tests," "opinion tests," "true individual research w 0 r k in In the program, aim to get across and false tests," etc., and assignments world fellowship. The latter the spirit of the theme as well as the such as: Who has gained the most consists of projects, individually subject matter. Put over to those who from Africo-Western relations – the and as a group. During vaca- are to take part that they are taking black or the white man? Prove your tion Bible school a map of our a trip "staying at home." '" Make point. missionary fields was placed on seven books any size out of paste- the bulletin board with "The board. Paste between covers extra Do the happiness and well being of Hope of the World" mounted pages for pictures of scenes and mis- Africa mean anything to the rest of sionaries. U sing black ink, print the world? "See America First" on all of them in as large type as the size will allow. What can we do to help solve the Have girls prepare to give biographindustrial problem in Africa? ical sketches in their own words.

What effect if any will our dealings The setting is simple. A large slipwith Africa have on the attitude of above it. As the girls told stories covered chair from home or a big one Asia toward Christianity? from the church platform, covered Is education a blessing or a curse of the various fields they placed with a sheet or any gay, cool material representative pictures around will do. On a small table by the chair to the African. the map. It now stands to keep have pitcher of ice' water or lemonade. What kind of education does he the children interested in the A foot stool completes the furnishings. world children they met in the You may have enough chairs to go need? stories. around and let the girls stay in com- fort instead of leaving them when AN ADVENTURE IN A Chinese party was the through talking. Use large map and HORTICULTURE largest group project. The invi- point out places as they are men- tations were written on a piece tioned. Have enough reserve lemonade A "Friendship Tree" was to go around after the program.

planted last spring on the parish of paper folded and cut to repre- Devotional may be on "Christ the house lawn at the Baptist church sent a Chinese tea cup. The Missionary," as follows: in Granville, Ohio, this being the outside cover was decorated with First girl says "Christ was a misclimax of a year's mission study Chinese characters and the in- sionary to the poor when he opened the eyes of the blind beggar." Second by the juniors of the Sunday side contained the invitation in girl reads John 9: 1-7. First girl: school. A bag of dirt was jingle form. The girls were as- "Christ was a city missionary when

he taught in Samaria." Second girl the salvation of our countrymen-yes, the Burlington District in the Iowareads John 4: 39-42. First girl: "Christ was a missionary to the rich for the whole world. Des Moines conference. Its topics when he opened the spiritual eyes of Zaccheus." Second girl reads Luke Tonight we resume our journey were developed under the heads of "A 19: 1-10. First girl: "Christ was a through Home Mission fields by way Look at Ourselves," "Our Work," missionary on the cross to the robber of the arm chair, knowing that intiand his last commission was the Mis- mate stories of the missionarv friends "Our Purse," "Our Youth," "A Look sionary Commission." Second girl can be found on the page of a book Together," and "A Backward Look reads Mat. 28: 19, 20. Prayer for when to unearth them on a hurried missionary zeal. visit would be impossible. We shall for Forward Thinking." A pene- meet three of these friends and trating "Look at Our Embarrassing Leader introduces topic by remarks glimpse their fields. on interest of Americans in travel; Heritage" was taken by the local pasthe large number of Christian tourists Girls enter as before, one bearing girdling the world for and with God, tor. The session closed with the disstill others having been equally zeal- trict superintendent's message, "Look ous in their globe trotting; a majority, however, resorting to the very to the Light." pleasant method of arm-chair traveling. Advantages of this method- book on "Cuba, Island Queen," in simple, easy dress, a footstool, accessibility to cooling lemonade simply by orange ink, another with "OF Man MOTIVES OUTRANK raising one's arm to a tall pitcher River and the Chinese," in yellow ink. METHODS (pours sip of lemonade), ease with which mind can embellish details and the third with the name of a noted where fancy wishes, etc. Therefore we shall visit some of our Home Mis- itinerant missionary preacher and or- There are many missionary sion fields from inviting depths of the ganizer of Sunday schools. methods and many minor moslip-covered arm chair. tives, but there is only one su- Leader sums up the high lights of First speaker enters here carrying the journey and asks girls to pray for cardboard book with subtitle, "Indian the work and the workers to which the preme and compelling mission- Reservations" (or any desired desig- journeys have introduced them. nation) printed in red ink. Settles ary motive-the dynamic wantherself in chair, opens book and -Adapted from "The Window speaks, turning its pages as she pro- of Y. W. A.," August issue. ing which all else is vain. The gresses, as if actually reading. Gives thing that has most impressed colorful, informal sketch in tourist terms (as in a diary or travel note- Through Eye-Gate. It is note- me in the widespread discussion book) of journey through fields in worthy how much of the plat- of the future and predicted fate which her denomination has mission form work is now being done by of foreign missions is the failure work. Seems to see illustrations as means of demonstrations, vis- to mention the basic missionary the "reading" progresses. "Now if I ualizations and picturesque, motive upon which the whole were traveling in the West in any imaginative imagery. The fol- enterprise depends. We have other manner than Arm-Chair De luxe lowing glimpses taken from the been told repeatedly that the pro- I should not have had this detailed gram and policies of foreign misstory about so-and-so." summer and September numbers of "Woman's Home Missions" sions must be radically recon- Second speaker comes in with book will enable others still devoted structed if the enterprise is to whose subtitle is "Leading Sights in to the "call- a – spade – a – spade" French Louisiana," in purple ink. method to shape up their presen- survive and succeed. The mass Similarly sips lemonade and tells her tations more attractively: of critical opinion, much of it story. pessimistic in tone, has caused At a North Carolina meeting the de- no little disturbance of mind and In like manner as many "books." partment secretaries presented all reeach titled in appropriate color of ink, ports in demonstration form, closing loss of confidence on the part of are introduced by their readers as the with a play, "More Than a Name." many who do not know what to program is designed to cover. think. . . . By far the most im- The theme, "A Year of Vision," portant part, to my mind, is the Leader closes with remarks on the was carried through the program of call for a new emphasis on the delight of this method of travel and anticipation of another meeting of the a convention at Cozad, the devotions too often neglected and obscured same character. being under the title "Looking Up," missionary motive. Jesus Christ implanted this in the Great Traveling Home Mission Trails, for the financial report featuring "Look- Commission, and it is equally the ensuing meeting, follows a like ing at Our Business," the organizaform. Its devotional is on "Jesus Sets Forth His Life Principle"-Luke 4: tional describing "Looking at Our De- 17-19. This was to give life to the partments," others being "Looking at imperishable – one changeless poor, hope to the broken hearted, free- Our District," "Looking at the World dom to the enslaved classes, sight to of Our Auxiliaries," "Looking at God's thing in a changing world. . . .. the blind, a rich, full life to all, here Little Ones," etc. The round table He (the missionary) makes and hereafter. (In each case apply discussion was on "Looking at Our known a Saviour such as no the objectives to modern conditions, Problems." The closing address was other religion can offer. For such as folk crushed by our economic on the main theme. system, slavery to machinery, blind- Christianity alone offers in Jesus ness to one's own moral state, etc.) Another picturesque annual meet- For all our progress, world in much ing was conducted in Brooklyn (N. Y.) Christ the one Redeemer and the same condition as to its needs as South District with the topics center- personal Friend who not only rewhen Christ came-selfishness, wars, veals the Way of Life but who immorality, worldliness. Do we be- ing upon "Building" – "P I a n sand gives His disciples power to lieve there is still sin? Then we Specifications," "Foundation," "First should adopt the proclamation of the good tidings as a life principle for Floor," "Second Floor," "Roof," "Cu- walk in it. . . . While I have pola," "Weather Vane," "Pillars," "Garden," "Tools" and "Prospective thus purposely centered atten- Building." tion upon a single point, I am "Through the Looking Glass" fea- _not unmindful of the many ques- tured various actual kinds of glasses tions raised concerning neces- with which to view past, present and sary changes to meet new mis- future. sionary conditions. But when "Kaleidoscopic Views" was the title under which a district president gave all has been said the pivotal our annual address. thing is the motive.

"Through the Window" was the HOWARD B. GROSE, in subject used at the annual meeting of "Missions" Magazine. The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~~I~~~~~~========================~ "Thou Art the Christ, use throughout the year but -Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii especially preceding February the Son of the 12, 1937. Around the world creased by the number of Chris- there is now a fellowship of tians who anticipate the Day Living God" prayer among Christians who and by flexibility in plans. The have agreed to pray on each local World Day of Prayer Com- In 1920 the first Fri- Monday throughout the year for mittees should plan and secure day in Lent was se- the World Day of Prayer and material several months before lected for the "Day of the brotherhood of man. Will February 12. They should se- Prayer for Missions" you join through prayer either cure the participation of men when man y church as an individual or with a group, and women, young and old, and women of many de- which you may form? should not forget the children, nominations in Canada for "of such is the Kingdom of and the United States The picture on the program Heaven." A poster in every joined in com m 0 n and the poster for February 12, church, and every church open prayer. The Call to 1937, is a photograph of "the for meditation throughout the Prayer was sent out Easter Morning Cross," on top Day! A program for everyone by the national wom- of Punchbowl, the extinct crater participating would make pos- in the heart of Honolulu where sible extension of the influence en's missionary organ- hundreds of nationalities gather of the prayers for more than a izations, hom e and for worship early Easter morn- day. foreign. The theme ing. The World Day of Prayer prowas "The World to The program this year is pre- gram is secured and published Christ We Bring," and pared both for young people and each year by the Foreign Mis- adults. The program is to be sions Conference of Nor t h the Call was for meet- adapted to the community and America, 156 Fifth Avenue, ings to be held "in the persons attending the inter- New York City, and the Council cities, towns and vil- church meetings. The effective- of Women for Home Missions, lages, morning, noon, or in the ness of the observance is in- 105 East 22d Street, New York, evening, to ask God's mercy N.Y. upon the troubled and confused [545 ] nations." The thought of a day of prayer spread until at the request of far-away friends, the World Day of Prayer was first observed in 1927.

For the observance of the World Day of Prayer on the first Friday in Lent, February 12, 1937, the program was written by Miss Mabel Shaw, founder of the Livingstone Memorial Girls' Boarding School at Mbereshi, Kawamba, Northern Rhodesia, Africa. Miss Shaw went to Central Africa in 1915. She is the author of "God's Candlelights" (1935).

The program, "Thou Art the Christ, the Son of the Living God" is being used on the same Day in various forms in more than fifty countries.

Of the Call to Prayer over 500,000 will be distributed in the United States. These are for "Neither Lost Nor Stayed" Inner Strength fulfillment here and beyond our The National Kagawa Coordi- In a recent editorial of The ken. nating Advisory Committee with New York Times, "I nne r "Now we see in a riddle, but present headquarters at 285 Schermerhorn Street, Brooklyn, Strength" was the heading of an then, face to face: now I know New York, has issued Discovery, article beginning wit h the in part; but then shall I know A Manual of Prayer for the fully even as also I was fully Kingdom of God. "That cause words, "In a jittery world." The can neither be lost nor stayed" content was a report of the "Sec- known. is a Danish hymn, included in the manual, which emphasizes retary of State, Mr. Hull's re- "Trinity in Midsummer" the truth that "each noble service that men have wrought was strained and thoughtful address Please turn to The New first conceived as a fruitful before the Good N e i g h b 0 r Yorker of August 29 and read thought" ; and "each worthy League." The purpose of this for yourself the eight-column recause with a future glorious, by statement is to indicate the sig- port of the Sunday morning quietly growing becomes vic- nificance to the country of "inner services on a midsummer day in torious." Hence no storm can strength" which was defined as old Trinity, Wall Street. You dismay one's faith in the harv- requisite in a people if their gov- will find that St. Clair McKelest, and the scattering of thou- ernment is to have a satisfactory way did not just go "look-see," sands of seeds, nor is any cause foreign policy. The qualities re- but he stayed through the servlost "which takes the course of quired are "patience, sympa- ices and describes the members what God has made." thetic understanding, s tea d y of congregation and reports the poise, and ass u red inner hymns and sermon and lingers Dr. Kagawa's vision of world- strength" which the editor said later to secure accurate inforwide economic reconstruction are demonstrated in Mr. Hulls mation, so that what he wrote through Christian brotherhood, own personality. or economic cooperatives rein- might be true. Though only forced by religious spirit, won the continuing interest and serv- eighty – five worshipers we r e ice of many Americans. The manual, Discovery, uses an ad- The Fellowship of Action present and not any "whom you dress of Dr. Kagawa which deals would call young," he makes with the way to put this plan Who are these that go about clear that "the services at Trininto action beginning with directed prayer. the streets of the city and upon ity Church are continued with- As a part of the follow-up pro- the paths of the world? The out interruption throughout all gram to conserve and further develop the impress of Kagawa Word of God is in their mouths, the months of the year, the only in this country, C h r i s t ian s should study courses, as Carl the bread in their hand, they change in the summer being the Hutchinson's Seeking a New World through Cooperatives. It share, they bind up the wounded omission of the sermon on Suncosts but twenty-five cents and is available at the Methodist and comfort them that mourn. day afternoons. There are five Book Concern, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York. Who are these? services every Sunday and four Literature and bibliographies These are the stewards of the every week-day, at all of which should be selected and placed at the disposal of church leaders. loving-kindness of God, and the everyone is welcome and the The best introductory pamphlet costs but ten cents; it is A day laborers in his Kingdom. pews are free. This church is Prayer for Consumers by Dr. B. Y. Landis, Association Pre s s. They are the harvesters of here to serve all those who have The Cooperative League, 167 children, the saviors of the sick, need of it." West 12th Street, New York City, has excellent material and theconsolers of the desperate, One of the mission children information concerning cooperatives. the friends of the prisoner and was baptized after the services.

Here is a call to Christian peo- the family of the poor. The curate knew the name of the ple everywhere to come alive to the possibilities at hand for a They are of every race and child, who was "from a family new world order, and a new interpretation of the Lor d's every tongue, and they are un- of the parish." The phrase, "a Prayer. destructibly one. mission for the people of the They are the pioneers of peace parish," catches the imagination.

and the fellows of Christ in ac- Surely that seems to be missions, tion. – Jean Kenyon Mackenzie, beginning at home. You may in "Women and Missions" (Pres- not enjoy all that you find in the byterian, U. S. A.), October, article but the moral of the tale 1930. is clear, if one wishes to find it.

Jean Kenyon Mackenzie, Ed- And the old couple who knelt mund B. Chaffee, Fred B. Smith, all during the service, the vestry- S. Parkes Cadman, and others of man with the large white mus- our fellowship, leaders in real- tache who attends almost every izing the Gospel of Jesus Christ, Sunday, the colored clergyman have recently joined the host of – pleased with his interview with God's children active in other the curate, the gentle-looking realms of the Kingdom of God. man dressed "g r a vel y – for Like the ascension of Jesus, our church," the boy sopranos, the Lord and Master, their going Japanese observer-all these in- from our midst leaves us griev- cluding the reporter himself ing and yet, wondering over the make a good company, for whom Glory of the Light shown in life's the Church exists.

i~'==========~===== l

OU£M!~r~~:!~:cu~~!~Ok I EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO ==================================~~~ WESTERN ASIA curing that native Christian that the "untouchable" exodus leadership which is the out- .from Hinduism has not "been Leper Home in Jerusalem standing need of every mission worked up but has grown out, The enmity between Jew and Arab in Palestine has not af- field. inspired by God. It is the outfected the Leper Home. But both nurses and patients keep as growth of Christian missions." much as possible within the boundaries of the home, on ac- INDIA, SIAM AND And a writer in the Indian Witcount of the danger of riots. CAMBODIA ness says: "God is in it. Let us Extensive building in suburban Jerusalem has led to an Plea for Unity be careful lest we thwart God's offer being made for the site of will and God's way of bringing the home, with the suggestion of a new site on the road from One of the strongest pleas for India to Himself by our fears, Jerusalem to Bethlehem. The union which has yet been voiced our hesitations, our delays." matter has not yet been decided. is the appeal of 163 missions in One significant outcome is a -Moravian Missions. India for some form of church "Youth Movement" among un- unity. Missionaries on the field touchables. In certain places, Changing Thought in Iran declare that only a united youth have collected and burned The Bishop of Iran writes in Church can hope to win India sacred books to show their con- The Life of Faith of radical for Christ. The appeal points to tempt of Hinduism. changes that had taken place during his year's absence. Most the slow progress which Chris- Without any knowledge that striking of all he found, upon tianity has made in India, where, this secession from Hinduism his return, women sharing in after two centuries of mission- was coming, Miss Clementina the family and social life of the ary effort less than two per cent Butler, a former Methodist miscountry almost as if it had been their normal habit from the be- of the population is Christian. sionary, had 18,000 prints of ginning. Husbands and wives "The Good Shepherd" ready for come together when invited to a The denominational differences distribution among these shephome. herdless people. Through her which may have significance to initiative a committee has been "Corresponding with these the Western churches are not changes one is conscious of a even understood by native Chris- formed in America to produce change of thought and attitude. tians, and serve only to confuse It is hard to define exactly what them. The presence of mission- the inexpensive chromo picture it is, but it is perhaps a sense of aries of the different denomina- -dear to the Indian heart-porfreedom and of satisfaction at tions raises the question in the traying scenes from the Gospels; accomplishment of what many mind of Indian Christians why evidence, as one of the workers of the more advanced and these groups worship the same said, that God has His own calthoughtful have for some time God, yet remain apart from each endar. felt to be a necessary reform. . . . I am full of admiration other. The break-up of Indian at the way in which these great religions and the mass movement Christian "Mela" Sets a Goal social reforms have been introduced." among the depressed classes who The annual Christian mela of are turning toward Christian In Teheran, the bishop sees missions for social and spiritual Belgaum District brought tosigns of a movement among the emancipation, the impatience of gether representatives from 21 more thoughtful, educated men Christian youth in India at what Christian villages of the district, to study Christianity. If this they consider narrow restricmovement spreads to other tions of official Christianity are who came filled with zeal to towns and is fostered and deep- make the mela a success. Reened it may prove a means of se- other arguments offered by the vival meetings were conducted missionaries who plead for per- by a young Christian sadhu, mission to form a union among with the result that many were themselves, without separating greatly strengthened. A magic from their various mot her churches in the West. lantern lecture was given on the Life of Christ, and pictures of -Christian Observer. prominent I n d ian Christian leaders and of village improve- Reaching the Untouchables ment schemes were shown. The following aims were set Dr. Murray Titus, a Methodist for next year: village Christians missionary in North India, says and the workers to become per- [ 5471

sonal soul-winJ?-ers; to sell.more uncanonical interpolations or er- mixed European and Singhalese or Indian parentage. His son, G.ospels; to buIld churches III the, roneous transcription, as in the Arnold Paynter, is continuing vIlI~ges, to see th~t regular o~- case of suttee. Meanwhile, as this task and now has about 80 gcoanmdzuecd~,edsyasttemevaetrIcy worshIp IS the legal approach is at best young people in the orphanage place with uncertain, Christian preaching and homes at Nuwara Eliya, solemmty and rev~renc~. Ceylon. Here the boys were and teaching on this evil must taught the building trade, while -Ind7an Wttness. continue. the . girls learned gardening, cookmg and domestic duties. Christian College Jubilee In the Kond Hills Such work cuts across a 200- year-old tradition, for hitherto Isabella Thoburn College, the A hundred years ago nothing it was an unheard-of thing for first college for women in all was known about the people in E.urasians to labor with their the Kond Hills, although they hands. Later, the problem arose Asia, is celebrating its fiftieth" as to the future of these young year. The enrolment this year were on the map, some 400 miles people and it was decided to is the largest in its history, but southwest of Calcutta. It was form a colony on the slopes of the fact that it is only 188 is in- only when the ruler of a small the Himalayas. Accordingly in dicative that only a small per native state, having refused to 1~32 Mr. Paynter set out, with cent of India's girlhood have as pay his taxes, took refuge among SIX young people between the yet the opportunities, or the the Konds, that these people ages of sixteen and eighteen, on a 2,000-mile journey to the expreparation for college. In fact came into notice. While seeking treme north of India, where they only 2% of India's women ove; the offending rajah, government have established themselves in a twenty can read or write. As six-roomed house, built by their yet it is difficult, however, to find officials learned the terrible con- own inexperienced hands. At ditions a~ong the Konds,-hu- first they subsisted on fish, game openings for the graduates aside man saCrIfice of the most ghast- and wild fruit. As more colofrom the teaching and medical ly sort, infanticide and degraded nists arrived the government professions. Some have mar- heathenism. The British Gov- granted additional land. Two ried men of wide influence. One ernment at once took steps to weddings have taken place, and of last year's graduates is Y. W. stop these inhuman customs thus the young people are set- and after some years succeeded tling down in their new homes, C. A. secretary in Calcutta. Sev- in doing so. But except in so far removed from their former eral graduates are full members far as they have come under the temptations and handicaps. All of the Lucknow Conference. influence of missionaries, these were won to Christ before going to the Himalayan colony. Fam- Child Marriage people are today much the same ily prayer is held morning and as they were a century ago. evening, and there is also a serv- ice on Sunday mornings. Spir- It is more than sixty years They are still animists, and ituality is a marked feature of therefore live in constant fear the life of the colony. The work since Malabari, Parsee reform- of evil spirits. has received the highest com- mendation from Government ofer, introduced a bill to deal with The British Missionary Soci- ficials, and from leaders of the ety is the only organization at chief missionary societies. The child marriages. When nearly work among them. In the very Secretary for Ceylon believes it grove where human sacrifices to be the solution to the problem accepted it had to be withdrawn were formerly offered there now of Eurasians in Ceylon, and stands a Christian church. There many Anglo-Indians in India. to placate Hindu opposition. A is the beginning of a Christian literature, including a hymn -The Christian. Miss Sorabji in a letter to the book. There are eleven schools Is Tibet Going Modern? London Times, sets forth some wit h twenty-nine Christian Even in Tibet conditions are of the grave difficulties that teachers, and over 700 scholars looking up. The town of Lhasa in attendance. G 0 v ern men t is now lig~ted by electricity, inwould arise even if amending gives grants-in-aid while at the stalled entIrely by Tibetan elec-" same time allowing absolute tricians. A not her recent legislation to make the 1929 Act freedom in regard to religious achievement is the completion teaching. A number of young of the whole Bible in the Tibetan effective were placed on the language, a task of thirty years' men trained in the mission are duration. It is the work of a statute book. The difficulties teaching in government schools. succession of missionary schol- At present there is a Christian embrace such points as these: community of over 2,000.

how could such legislation be en- -The Christian.

forced by police methods? How could reliable evidence of age be secured? How could evidence of intended marriages be ob- tained. Miss Sorabji considers that the only possible sound re- form must come hferocomopewriatthiion~ and that without t of the Hindu priests little can be done. She suggests that San- Eurasians in Ceylon skrit scholars should be set to work upon textual examination A few years after his arrival of the Hindu religious books in in India in 1882, a young Eng- the expectation that the doctri- lishman, Arthur Pay n t e r, nal sanction of child-marriage founded the India Christian Mis- can be found to be based upon sion on behalf of children of

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ars, with the invaluable aid of a and helps with the Bible teach- missionary careers in China was Tibetan Christian pastor of the ing in the schools. He has also that of Dr. Rosewell H. Graves, Moravian Church. made eighteen tours to more dis- of Baltimore, who reached Can- tant places with gratifying re- ton in 1856, and stayed by his Open Hearts in Cambodia sults. Trips to nearby places post for fifty-six years. He was out of the city are made regu- a physician by t r a i n i n g, a Though the doors are still larly with members of the VOl- preacher of note, a litterateur closed in Cambodia, the Holy unteers. They go out somewhere and translator of outstanding Spirit is at work. Last summer every week, and always have a ability, and laid the broad an elderly Cambodian came to good hearing. During the year foundations of the work in and the home of Rev. F. C. Peterson 5,553 Scripture portions have around Canton, w her e the in Kompong Trach, to learn been sold, the income being some Graves Theological Seminary about the Gospel. From his lit- seventy-five ticals. The "market and the Graves Memorial Church tle hut in the rice field he had chapel" is kept open as a read- are named in his honor. walked about four miles in the ing room, and attracts many hot sun, seeking peace of heart. young people. The Southern Baptist Board As a Buddhist priest, he had has extended its efforts into gone through all the rites of Work in the two schools has Shantung, Anhui and Honan, Buddhism, and now after nearly gone on most favorably. There and the Northern Baptist work seventy years spent in that reli- has been no trouble with the has reached out into far away gion, he still lacked what he new government regulations Szechuan. Baptist C h u r c h sought. A few years ago, he said, and the standard of work has members in more than half the his son had bought a "heart improved, as well as the attend- eighteen provinces of China, tract" in Takeo, and after read- ance. number not less than 70,000. ing this, he concluded it con- Two institutions have been fostained the message for which his Dr. Boon Itt was asked to tered jointly by the Northern heart was longing. It was no teach in an Institute for Doc- and Southern boards – the Unieasy matter to give up Buddhism tors which was held for fifteen versity of Shanghai and the as error, and turn to a new mas- days in Pitsanuloke. All the China Baptist Publication Soter. Finally the Holy Spirit won government doctors in the coun- ciety. The English Baptist Misthe victory. It was a joy to kneel try gathered for instruction. sion cooperates in the work of with him and point him to Christ Two high government medical Shantung Christian University, who takes away the sins of the officers have visited the hospital and the Northern Society in the world. and expressed satisfaction at West China Christian Univer- the work being done. Regular sity in Szechuan. It has been a joy to watch this days for visitors have been arman grow in the knowledge of ranged, and many have taken ARTHUR R. GALLIMORE. God. He sits down with his New advantage of this and given Testament and reads many chap- money to help in the work. The Government Asks for ters at a time. He witnesses hospital is full to overflowing, Missionaries faithfully in his village and ex- and the table of statistics for the pects many others there to turn medical work indicates an in- The National Christian Counto the Lord ere long. He is faith- crease along almost every line of cil of China asks for a hundred ful in walking the long distance treatment. -Siam Outlook. missionaries to work with boys to our home for prayer meeting and girls of the Government and Bible instruction. We were CHINA AND MANCHURIA schools. They are promised unhappily surprised the other day bounded opportunities outside of to hear him quote from memory Century of Baptist Missions school hours for guiding youth many verses from the Bible. Re- in their recreation, their adjustcently some Buddhist priests Baptists are this year com- ments and life. came to visit us while he was memorating the hundredth annihere; it did our hearts good to versary of the beginning of their Rural reconstruction has passhear him preach the Gospel to mission in Macao. It was in ed the experimental stage and them with no uncertain sound. reality an outgrowth of William has become a national movement. Carey's mission to India in The Christian Far mer has -Alliance Weekly. 1792, in the support of which 40,000 readers and 2,000,000 Baptists in America found an people come under its influence Work in Siam Goes Forward outlet for their missionary zeal. and mass education movement is Carey had felt, when his son preparing thousands to read. The Home Mission Committee went to Rangoon, Burma, that of the National Church of Siam this might be the precursor of an This Year's Famine now has the oversight of all entrance into China. Macao, in work done in Pitsanuloke sta- 1836, was a flourishing Portu- There is famine every year in tion. Aside from his regular guese Colony. Later, in 1843, some part of China. This year duties as pastor of the church, medical work under the Baptist it is affecting 30,000,000 people Rev. Seng Saa Chairatana does Board began in Ningpo. in Szechuan and Honan provreligious work in the hospital inces. Repeated floods and un- One of the most remarkable usually dry summers, and at-

tacks of Chinese Communist walls bare, so things suggestive JAPAN-CHOSEN soldiers bring about this condi- of the Christian life are substi- Nation-Wide Evangelism tion. Starving parents in some tuted. It is important that a cases have sold their children to Christian atmosphere be cre- A Commission on nation-wide buy food. Dogs and cats have ated in the home. After these evangelism has completed its orlong since been eaten, and it is preliminaries, an altar is set up ganization, and is asking Chrisreported that some of the na,tives in the guest room and a service tians throughout the empire to have resorted to cannibalism. is conducted, with an appropri- remember this movement in This section of China in previous ate talk to the family and their morning devotions, and years has had plentiful crops. friends who have assembled for also to organize groups which In some sections more than 70 the occasion. Bible women visit will undergird this evangelistic per cent of the towns and vil- in these homes as often as pos- effort with a volume of united lages have been destroyed by the sible and try to carryon a defi- prayer. A budget of 5,000 yen Chinese Communist soldiers, nite program of instruction for has been adopted for the present who are, themselves, starving the women. Families are urged year. It is hoped that during the since no government is back of to attend the short term schools, first year of the movement spethem. -Watchman-Examiner. to become familiar with Bible cial campaigns may be conducted ideals. -The Living Church. in the empire's six major cities "Normal Contagious" – Tokyo, Yokohama, Nagoya, Changsha reports an analysis Inspection Trip in Manchuria Kyoto, Osaka, Kobe-and in six of church membership wherein near-by cities. members are classified as "in- Rev. Charles Leonard of the active," "active but ineffective" Southern Baptist Mission, sta- -World Outlook. and "normal contagious." The tioned at Harbin, after a tour of church officials are working def- mISSIOns located at Mishan, Christianity on the Increase initely to bring a larger propor- Tungning, Suifenho, Lishuchen, tion into the "normal conta- and other points in the large Dr. Kagawa declares that gious" group. Inactive members area east of Harbin, reported Christianity is on the increase are sought out and followed up. that said area has suffered more in Japan. As proof he cites the For the "active but ineffective," than any other during these past doubling of the Christian comdirect challenge is made for few years from bandi.try. For munity in the last ten years, the deeper personal Christian liv- three hundred miles it is moun- phenomenal growth of the deing, with more time taken for tainous, wild country, in much mand for Christian literature, prayer and Bible study. Mean- of which roving bands of robbers the conversion of leading govwhile the "contagious" Chris- have held sway for many years. ernment officials, including memtians, perhaps simple country Following the change of govern- bers of the nobility, and the fact women, perhaps highly educated ment numerous trains we r e that the indigenous religions are university men, continue about wrecked and looted; villages increasingly influenced by Christheir Father's business of mak- burned, homes destroyed; thou- tianity. Buddhists have adopted ing Christ known to all with sands killed; garrisons, groups Christian hymns, frequently use whom they come in contact. and individuals kidnapped and the Bible and are introducing tortured. At present, however, the cross into their temples. -Monday Morning. conditions are improving. As re- gards Lishuchen, Rev. Leonard – Watchman-Examiner. "Cleansing Services" states that this coal-mining town Open Door Clubs Sixteen groups of students "When a family becomes in- has its own railway line, over have organized "Open Door terested in Christianity and which many have come these Clubs," each with its own offiwi she s to affiliate with the past several years to push their cers and staff. The regular pro- Church," writes an Episcopal way as settlers into the farthest gram includes a study of various missionary at Changshu-Ku, "we steppes of northeast Manchuria. phases of religion, prayer, Bible, go to the home and hold what During past years two Russian worship. Nearly every group we call a cleansing service. All Baptist families connected with meets once a week. Out of these the idols, superstitious pictures, the mines had assisted in raising meetings have come some sigetc., are carried out and burned, funds for purchase of a place for nificant and hopeful things. even the ancestral tablets are Chinese and Russian evangelistic Members spread the news and removed. In place of all these meetings at the coal-mine town. recently a new g r 0 U P was are installed things of a Chris- But as these Russians have left, formed. Twenty-six young men tian nature; a picture of Christ one family migrating to Brazil- came at once asking to be led in . occupies the most important with other Russian Protestant Bible study. Only two of the position on the wall; then there families, and the town proper, group had ever seen a Bible beare pictures illustrating family Lishuchen, having grown, it has fore, but all were eager to know unity, and attractive scrolls been decided to move the meet- its contents. Students and fac- with Scripture passages written ing place into the heart of said ulty members of the Imperial on them. We must not leave the town. -China Weekly. University are being reached

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and are becoming interested. men, unmarried, banded to- the other hand, if the bride is One recently came asking for help and saying that unless he gether in Francis of Assisi fash- lazy, or in other ways unsatiscould find the thing he needed in Christ, he would have to com- ion, supported by a peach factory, she may be sent back to mit suicide. He found what he sought and left with courage orchard, and preaching the Gos- her people; and the purchase great enough to face his problems. pel. A furniture factory was price must be refunded. Since, -The Presbyterian Banner. found unprofitable but they are however, the money has prob- Suicide "Specialist" now tearing away the earth ably been divided among many, Japan has a "Suicide Preven- from the side of a sheer preci- some ill-feeling is engendered tion Society," with a suicide clinic, under the direction of a pice and filling in a barren salt and the girl falls into disfavor. man known as "the suicide specialist." This new society seeks field, in the hope that when their' Responsible relatives train both the establishment of proper institutions for the prevention of arduous task is finished they youths and girls in the obligaself-destruction, to sponsor investigations, to publish litera- may raise rice, settle down and tions of marriage. ture on the subject, and show motion pictures. A memorial marry and preach the Gospel to -The Australian Missionservice for the young men and women who have committed that area of the Inland Sea as- ary R.eview. shiniu or love suicide together was held in July. It is estimated signed to Baptists. These men that 20,000 persons commit suicide annually in Japan. are not yet bapti~ed, but they are Sunday Schools in Fiji -Alliance Weekly. ready to enter the church at any Rev. H. Chambers, of Davui- time, and have been doing mis- levu, Fiji, says that this field has United Children's Service sionary work for a long time. the largest Missionary Training Christ Church, Yokohama, re- Anglican World Conference Institution in the South Pacific. cently held a united service for It comprises five institutions, Sunday school children. In addition to the children from this The first world conference of namely, the Theological Instituchurch, there were present more Anglican churchmen in Asia is tion, the Village Pastor Trainthan 200 children from Yoko- to be held in Tokyo in May, ing Institute, the Teacher-Trainhama Union Church, St. An- 1940. The date has been set to ing Institute, the District 'Boys' drew's Japanese Church, Yoko- coincide with the international Technical School, and the Prihama Chinese Church and the exposition now announced by mary School. Sunday school Kawasaki Anglican Church. At Japan to commemorate the must be written in the plural, one point in the service a Jap- 2,600th anniversary of the for- for the Sunday schools at Davuianese girl, a Chinese boy and an mation of the empire and to per- levu are as numerous as its insti- American girl read Gospel pas- mit attendance of about 200 tutions, with one in additionsages. The address by Bishop bishops of North and South the Kindergarten. A Prepara- Heaslett was given in alternate America who will be going to tion Class is held on Friday Japanese and English. London to attend the Lambeth nights, when the lesson is given Conference, called every ten verbally, after which the full The collection went toward years by the Archbishop of Can- notes which have been put up providing a place for Christian terbury. Plans are being made on the blackboards earlier in the worship in Sanjo. to accommodate 1,000 church- day, are copied by the teachers. men. -The Living Church. -The Australian Mission- Self-Supporting Evangelists ary Review. Rev. H. O. Sisson, writing for the Watchman-Examiner, gives ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC Bible Study in the Philippines a striking example of self-sacrificing leadership in Japan's In- Defense of a Native Custom Two or three years ago about land Sea where the barren hill- 210 high school students enrolled sides are so valuable that they Students of social customs in a six months' course Bible are terraced all the way to the among primitive peoples find study and 120 received the Suntop to produce what slim crops that some ideas, repellant to the day School Union diploma. This are possible. Here he found ten casual observer have a useful year three new features have purpose. For example, when a been introduced: the study is man buys his wife the "pur- made intensive by meeting from chase" is the very thing which three to five times a week; prevents his abusing her. The teachers went to the pupils' price is a guarantee of good homes, instead of asking them faith since, after marriage, if to come to the school, and gen- the young man is cruel to his eral courses have been offered in wife, she returns to her people; addition to technical stu d y. but the youth's relatives cannot, There were 300 students en- under the circumstances, de- rolled. About 225 completed mand the return of the payment. their studies and took the exam- Since economic sanctions make ination; 190 passed. Next year remarriage difficult for the di- it is planned to have four or five vorcee, the bridegroom is en- three-week periods of Bible couraged to behave with consid- study. eration towards his wife. On

Oannibals Learn Gospel Songs Interracial Relations; W 0 rId There are in the United States Relationships; the Church; and 8,676,000 Catholic youth under twenty- A group of cannibals heard the Church's Adult Program. five years of age, and of this number the Gospel for the first time on only 1,870,000 are enrolled in any a recent Sunday afternoon when The conference was called by parochial or other religious school three canoes arrived at the "Unevangelized Fields Mission" sta- the committee on religious edu- under the auspices of the Catholic tion in Papua, containing nearly cation of adults of the Interna- Church. So 78.4 per cent of the youth forty of these men, who ex- tional Council of Religious Edu- of the Catholic Church are not being plained by interpretation that cation. they had come to sell sago, and reached by the Church. There are in not to fight. They then told the -The Presbyterian Banner. missionary that they wanted a the United States 1,630,000 Jewish teacher, and were willing to children under twenty-five years of build a house if one would come. They remained one night, and age, of which number 1,543,000, or the opportunity was taken to 95.2 per cent, are not enrolled in any teach them some choruses, "Yes, Mobilizing Spiritual Forces Jewish synagogue or other educational Jesus loves me," and "All the way to Calvary, He went for The National Committee for agency under the auspices of the me." This tribe, living 200 miles Religion and Welfare Recovery Jewish Church. There are in the from the mission station, fre- United States 42,891,825 children who quently raids other villages for consists of more than four hun- are Protestant, or nominally Protheads and food. estant, under twenty-five years of age, dred leaders from the major re- and of this number 28,529,950, or 66.5 -The Christian. per cent, are not enrolled in any Sun- ligious faiths, and includes 61 day school. Netherlands Mission bishops, Catholic and non-Cath- olic, 65 pastors, priests and In twelve separate fields Gos- rabbis, 25 college presidents or Put this alongside the statepel work is being carried on by other educators and 143 national ment of Supreme Court Justice the Netherlands East Indies officers of church and benevolent Lewis L. Fawcett, of Brooklyn, Mission. Mr. R. A. J affray re- boards, in addition to a consider- with eighteen years of experiports great blessing in the four ence on the bench, that "Of 5,000 fields in Borneo, where no fewer able number of laymen. than 8,000 Dyaks have come to The program is educational boys less than twenty-one years Christ. Nearly 100 students and cooperative but not adminis- old who have been arraigned behave recently entered the Bible trative. Emphasis is placed fore me, only three were mem- School, and many are already upon the efficiency of existing bers of Sunday school at the occupied winning souls. The re- church and welfare agencies, time of committing their crime. maining eight fields of the mis- without any attempt to create a Of 1,092 boys who were sension present a more. difficult superorganization or federation. tenced to go to Sunday school problem, for Mohammedanism The Committee calls all church and bring a written attendance is strongly entrenched in them members and sympathetic citi- report from the minister, only all, and there are millions of peo- :?ens to rededicate both life and ninety-two of them ever apple in the islands to whom no substance to the service of God peared in court again; out of missionary has yet been sent. and their fellowmen, and to 1,092, 1,000 were cured by the recognize that the recovery of Sunday school treatment. -The Christian. material prosperity will avail Pioneers of Today NORTH AMERIOA little without sound foundations United Adult Movement of religious faith and unselfish A newly appointed worker in Over two hundred leaders in moral purpose. Idaho describes the situation he special fields of adult activity, pastors, religious education spe- A Ohallenge to Every found: cialists, and delegated lay work- Oommunity ers, assembled recently at Lake In the presbytery the population is Geneva, Wisconsin, to confer so scattered and so transient that in upon a proposed plan of work through nine commissions cov- "If you were to make a house- many large sections there are no minering: Personal ReI i g i 0 u s isters, no Sunday schools, and no re- Growth; Christian Home and to-house canvass of your com- ligious teaching of any kind. There Family Life; Education, Character and Community Life; Eco- munity," says a writer in the is only one resident minister in the nomic Life; Leisure Time and Christian Observer, "you would Cultural Life; Inter-Group and perhaps discover that the great large county of Owyhee, a Congrega- majority of the children of your tional minister with a small church. Every school in this county is a one- teacher school. In the county of own community were not in Sun- Boise there is but one resident min- day school." ister, and he is blind. There is no minister in the county seat. In the There is a challenge in the county of Elmore there are many towns with no Sunday school. statement that nineteen out of every twenty Jewish children under twenty-five years of age It is difficult to organize Sun- are not enrolled in any Jewish- day schools because the adults.

school; that three out of every have not had religious training, four Roman Catholics of the and are not prepared to fill places same age are not in any Catholic of leadership. Through leader- school; and two out of every ship-training co u r s e s in the three Protestants of the same points he can reach, this mis- age are not in any Sunday sionary hopes to develop leaders school. To go more into detail: who will become interested in

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Sunday school organization, and period of four years will be position to the ecclesiastical auhungry for a knowledge of the 1,000,000 such donors or a total Bible. -Presbyterian Banner. of $12,000,000 a year. thorities is unquestioned, do not Bible Society's New Home Methodists will seek to relate hesitate to deplore a system of the life of their church to social After occupying the old Bible and economic problems besetting education which ignores the res- House on Astor Place, New York modern civilization. They will City, for eighty-three years the also seek to deepen the personal thetic and spiritual needs of American Bible Society is now piety of Methodists. located in a new home at the humanity. corner of Park Avenue and -Presbyterian Tribune. Fifty-seventh Street. The six- A sign that the Government is story building, purchased in Staff Increased at Sage 1935, has been altered to pro- Hospital feeling secure in its position is vide for the Society's activities in supplying Scriptures through- Sage Memorial Hospital at the fact that President Cardenas out the world. It gives accom- Ganado, N. M., is the only Indian modations to the retail store of hospital in the Southwest fully has recently authorized the rethe Eastern Agency, as well as accredited this year by the offices and storage space. There American College of Surgeons. opening of certain Cat hoI i c is on exhibition a large illumi- The recent addition of two docnated world map showing the tors to the staff has made it pos- Churches which were closed by location of all the Society's home sible to add a regular full time and foreign agencies, a twenty- program to the pioneering field order of President Calles in one foot chart containing the work reported for the first time names of the 972 languages and a year ago. Each doctor in ro- 1934. -World Survey. dialects into which the Scrip- tation has spent his entire time tures have been translated, and for a month in field visitation, Christian Literature in Mexico electrically lighted dioramas pre- clinics and examination and senting the work of translation treatment of children in the In Mexico, crisis means, as the and distribution in for e i g n eight Government day schools Chinese say, "both danger and lands. The building will be for- within a twenty-five mile radius opportunity." Political movemally dedicated in November. of Ganado. This service is ex- ments are producing a wholly ceedingly important from the unexpected interest in the Chris- For the past eighty-three point of view of remedial and tian message in its bearing on years the output of Scriptures preventive health work. It gives social and economic problems. from the old Bible House has the mission contact with many In 1931, the Christian literature been enormous. The volumes families not reached through publishing interests were "at the printed, purchased or imported any other activities. Another bottom." Now the union pubthat passed through the Bible new service this year is a per- lishing agency under Baez Cam- House in the past eighty-three manent dental clinic. The School years to December 31, 1935, the of Nursing, the only training argo is meeting with remarkable grand total was 134,179,512, or school for Indian nurses in the success. The v 0 I u m e "Has at a rate of about three every country, continues to grow in Science Discovered God?" has minute, night and day. popularity and range of influ- been avidly read. Atheistic and ence. Started in 1930, and now communistic literature has flood- Methodists Seek $12,000,000 fully accredited by the American ed this and other Latin Amer- Medical Association and the Na- ican countries, but minds are Methodist leaders met in Evan- tional League of Nursing Edu- open, and there is a demand for ston, Ill., July 8th, for "The cation, it enrolled this year nine- such books as "Christ and Hu- WorId Is My Parish" movement, teen students from twelve dif- man Service," the "Life of Kaa special effort to continue ferent Indian tribes scattered gawa," "Science and the Invisible through four years for the ex- from Alaska to Arizona. World." Missions have been retension of the missionary and -P1"esbyterian Board News. stricted in some types of work, benevolence enterprises of the but are putting greater effort denomination. One part of the LATIN AMERICA into literature and social service. plan is the enrolment during the The people are eager for the first year of 500,000 persons, Wider Tolerance in Mexico Gospel. groups and organizations in local churches who will subscribe There are unmistakable evi- Youth in the Caribbean one dollar a month or twelve dences that there is a reaction dollars a year to the missionary among thinking Mexicans from The Church in the West Indies and benevolence program. The the extreme materialism so much is well on the way to being a goal sought for the first year is, in evidence during recent stages young people's church. The thus, $6,000,000. The goal for a of the Church and State con- young people's conferences, first flict. Educational writers of held in the three islands only a recognized standing, whose op- few years ago, have grown in- creasingly popular. The results of these summer conferences are making themselves felt in the communities to which the dele- gates return. A group of Cuban young people, for ins tan c e, wanting to put into practice some of the ideals inspired at the conference, organized for the purpose of serving their communities along material and

spiritual lines. Puerto Rican the Presbyterian Church in Misplaced Reverence pastors also reported that the Colombia, has formed a group Charles W. Clay, in World conferences inspired a higher of young men in his church into Outlook, tells some things he saw standard of work and a new will- a Bible school, and is training here and there. A shop selling ingness on the part of the young them to preach from notes he cheap perfume does business people to assume responsibility took in the Costa Rican school. under the sign, "Good Jesus." for church activities. Domingo Fernandez, class of In Para there is a restaurant, 1934, is evangelizing in Spanish called the "C a f e Baptista," -The Presbyterian Banner. villages. which displays a large sign showing John the Baptist, in Sunday Schools in West Indies A man and wife, both trained heaven surrounded by angels, in this Institute, started a little telephoning to the "Cafe Bap- The progress of Christian edu- school and have not only sup- tista" to send up one hundred cation in the sixteen islands and ported themselves, but gathered pounds of their coffee, for it is island groups of the West Indies together a group of people into the brand which has entrance to is shown by a net increase of 49 a thriving evangelical congrega- heaven! A further illustration per cent in Sunday school enrol- tion. Two young women grad- of gross irreverence in advertisment since 1932. The Bahamas, uates, working in different coun- ing is the following doggerel nowhich should benefit by direct tries, maintain themselves by ticed in a street car: and invigorating influences from taking children whose parents the United States, show, how- desire that they be taught the "Are you sad my dear? ever, a decrease of 7 per cent Bible. Have you a cough or bronchitis? over the same period. There are Institute students evangelize It's a law of our Saviour some troublesome impediments while studying. They carry The only cure is 'Contratosse.' "

to a general advance of the West packs with necessary belongings -World Outlook. Indian peoples which may only and Scripture portions. In one be removed by an indoctrination place the priest told the people of their youth with new think- that it would be no more sin to EUROPE ing. The lack of sensitiveness in the social conscience with re- kill them than to kill a dog. Evangelism in Spain and gard to an astounding ratio of Throughout the country are iso- Portugal illegitimacy in many of the lated believers, twos and threes, won by this itinerant method. Mr. H. Martyn Gooch, Generislands is an example to the al Secretary of the World's point. Youth, with an enthu- -So S. Times. Evangelical Alliance, has made siasm for doing the right thing an extended visit to Spain and Needy Colombia Portugal. He believes that poand a will to break from custom litical conditions in both councan alone change a discreditable Leaders of the missionary en- tries are helpful rather than a situation. terprise have not been as active The Islands have a Protestant in Colombia as are commercial hindrance to evangelical work, community of 1,873,216, a body interests. Colombia has vast and in reply to the question "Can which if united in purpose could potential wealth and produces Spain and Portugal Be Evangelachieve anything needing to be everything that is grown in tem- ized 7" says that the answer condone. They send only 277,680 perate and cold climates as well cerns the spiritual equipment of children to the Sunday schools, as all tropical fruits; Protestant forces, rather than although they have 468,400 of But there is as yet little effort Roman Catholic opposition. Althem under 14 years-a leakage to give the Gospel to the millions so, a united front is of supreme of nearly 200,000. Problems in Colombia who have no oppor- importance. Mr. Gooch adwhich are the despair of the tunity of hearing it. There are dressed many gatherings, and churches will only begin to show only about 90 Protestant mis- met with clergy, ministers and a solution when the importance sionaries in the whole country, other representatives of Protesof youth and the child is more with a mere handful of native tant organizations. His visit to clearly understood. workers. One missionary to one Madrid coincided with the visit of Professor Baez Camargo of -World Survey. hundred thousand p e 0 pIe is about the proportion but one- Mexico, and they shared in a One School's Work fourth of the total missionary warm welcome on the part of force is on furlough, and a fair the Committee of the Spanish The Latin American Bible In- proportion are new people stilt Evangelical Alliance at special stitute in Costa Rica has put struggling with the language. gatherings arranged in the two, seventy workers in the field. Four-fifths of the missionaries largest Evangelical churches. Alfredo Cardona, now preaching in Colombia, has raised up The Portuguese Evangelical Alseveral congregations of be- are along the Pacific Coast, leav- liance, the British and Foreign ing much of the country without Bible Society, the World Domin- any Gospel teacher. ion Movement and the United lievers i n t 0 self – supporting -Latin American Evan- Society for Christian Literature churches. Hernan Bautista, of gelist. all are at work on a cooperative

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

basis. Six evangelical churches steenberghe is known as an greatest historical importance- in the north of Spain are threat- eloquent speaker, and is hoping "A question whether the Chris- ened with extinction through the to visit America for deputation tian faith shall continue to have withdrawal of financial support work. The buildings owne.d by rights in Germany." Attacks hitherto available from Ameri- the Mission, covering among upon Evangelical beliefs and ca, and the help of the World's other places Brussels, Bruges, practices were exposed and de- Evangelical Alliance has been G hen t, Antwerp, Charleroi, nounced. The declaration af- sought in an endeavor to enable Tournai, are all free of debt. firms that "in the country of these churches to continue. Ro-· Workers, including wives, num- Martin L u the r, Evangelical man Catholic forces would re- ber 130. The two Bible Train- Christians are prevented from joice in their demise. ing Schools are guided by com- bearing witness to the Gospel in -The Christian. petent leaders and the various public meetings." A spiritual administrative posts are in the demand is made that "the inces- Paris Student Union hands of approved workers. sant interference" by the State While a student at the Sor- -The Christian. shall cease, and that liberty shall bonne, Miss Agnes D. Stoneham be granted to the people to atwho was formerly a North Afri- Beatenberg Conference tend Gospel services, and to the ca missionary, realized the need pastors to proclaim the truth as for an Evangelical Union to In one of the most beautiful it is in Christ Jesus. work among the students. Un- spots in Switzerland, at Beatenable to return to North Africa, berg, 150 people of about twenty The protest was made with she felt the call of God to estab- nationalities recently gathered full realization of what the cost lish such a work. In a little over to pray for world revival. The might be, for it concludes: "We two years young people from conference was divided into four call upon the servants of the twenty-three nationalities have groups, two speaking German, Church to bear witness to the been helped in their spiritual the others French and English. Gospel of Jesus Christ without life. It was urged that all Christians compromise and without fear of must know in their own experi- men. Many have been sent to The student population of ence victory over indwelling sin, prison and concentration camps, Paris numbers 50,000, of whom and fully understand the minis- have had to suffer expulsion and 8,000 are from overseas. The try of God the Holy Spirit. other trials. We do not know vice-president of the union is a what may still be in store for us. Japanese student. The story of Immediately following the But whatever this may be, we one member, an Armenian doc- Convention, a students' confer- are bound to be obedient to our tor, is stirring. A nominal ence was arranged under the heavenly Father." Christian, he was brought into auspices of the Intervarsity Felblessing through the Union. He lowship of Evangelical Unions, -The Life .of Faith. is now a keen soul-winner, and to consider how best to bring a looks forward to his return deep spiritual revival in Euro- Anatolia College Jubilee home to engage in evangelistic pean universities. There were work in his hospital and univer- representatives there from Brit- The Golden Jubilee of Anasity. Until recently, various dis- ish, French, German, S w iss, tolia College, Salonika, Greece, cussion groups and meetings Dutch and Hungarian univer- was celebrated on June 20th. were held in drawing rooms sities. Reports from Hungary An address was given by Dr. kindly lent by friends, but re- and other countries of Europe Wright, the new president of cently the Union has rented its indicate that this is a day of Robert College, Istanbul. The own ,room, admirably suitable great opportunities for reaching procession was led by Pastor for the work. students with the Gospel. This George Anastasiades of the first Beatenberg Conference did much Anatolia College Class, of 1887. -The Life of Faith. toward helping to unite Chris- Doctors, lawyers, teachers and tians throughout Europe. business men, graduates of the Belgian Gospel Mission college, gathered to pay tribute -The Christian. to their Alma Mater. King Future direction of the Bel- German Evangelical Manifesto George II of Greece was also gian Gospel Mission, since the present at the celebration and death of Mrs. Ralph C. Norton on July 19, devolves upon two The most courageous protest showed deep interest. The presable and experienced workers, yet heard in Germany against ident of the college is Rev. Er- Mr. John C. Winton and M. O. the repressive Nazi policy to- nest Riggs, a grandson of the Vansteenberghe. The former is ward the Evangelical Church famous Elias Riggs, for many a man of gracious personality was made in a manifesto which years an American Board misand unique administrative gifts, was read in every Evangelical s ion a r y at Constantinople. and M. Vansteenberghe is equal- Church acknowledging the Con- Among the pressing needs of the ly qualified to maintain the high fessional movement. This stated college are a boy's home, an standard of executive ability dis- that the German people are con- Alumni Hall, and a retirement played by Mr. Norton. M. Van- fronted with a decision of the fund for the college staff.

Christian Heroism entering Russia on the ground mIssIOn is that of the United that they are considered by the Presbyterian Church. In Soviet Russia 47 pastors Soviet authorities as enemies of have been suffering for years in B 0 Ish e vis m. Pastors and A large increase in Roman concentration camps, on the churches in Russia, in addition Catholic converts is anticipated White Sea, or in Siberia. Two to persecution and extinction, under Italian domination. In were recently condemned to are heavily taxed. This tax fact, the Catholic population death; others have been forced seems already to have gained by to stop their work. Probably money is furnished by free-will less than 20 evangelical pastors gifts. Recently two old men, 400,000, for Mussolini has anare still at work in Russia out of more than seventy years of age, the 300 who formerly preached nounced that 400,000 Italian solthe Gospel there. Two Christian were given a sentence of three diers and laborers would remain colporteurs not long ago were years in the penitentiary for preaching in a village. Suddenly having given money to the permanently to colonize Ethioone fell, shot through by a bul~ pia. let. His comrade immediately took the Bible from the mar~ church and not to the state. The Catholics Propose Conquest tyred man, and continued Soviet has issued a handbook en- of Ethiopia preaching to the frightened lis~ titled: "What Shall I Do in Case teners. His heroism made such My Parents Try to Force Me to The Vatican, which placed no an impression that a revival be~ Go to Church?" The advice giv- obstacle in the way of Mussogan in the village, and spread en includes the following: Re- lini's conquest of Ethiopia, is far beyond. port the case to the authorities; now pushing a religious con- -Church Missionary Gleaner. call the police, bring action be- quest there. Bands of Salesians fore the courts. The punishment and Capuchins, already known Russia and Religion is loss of work, starvation and in Ethiopia, are following close death. behind the Italian columns, as The dechristianizing of Rus- they proceed with the difficult sian school children goes stead- AFRIOA business of mopping up. These ily on, though still is far from being completed. At Saratov it Religious Outlook in Ethiopia missionaries are provided with is reported that 49 per cent of all the means they need to carry the children still live "in the old World-wide interest in Ethi- their message to the most disreligious superstition." Fifty opia draws attention to religious tant and primitive peoples. They per cent still pray at home. conditions there. The Indian Witness states that among the have the funds to open schools An order was issued on De- estimated Ethiopian population and hospitals. Other missioncember 1, 1 9 3 5, t hat all of slightly more than 10,000,000, aries are being trained by the churches, chapels and prayer there are 5,000,000 Coptic Chris- Sacred Congregation for the houses must report to the civil tians, 150,000 Jews, 3,000,000 propagation of the faith. But authorities or be closed. No new Mohammedans, 2,000,000 pa- anything that would suggest the buildings may be erected to gans, 16,000 Roman Catholics serve as churches, synagogues and 12,000 Evangelical Chris- imposition of Catholicism on the or mosques. An exception is tians. During the 300 years that Ethiopians by force is to be made for foreigners who speak followed the meeting of Philip English. They may have their with the eunuch a large part of avoided, in accordance with own churches and worship as Ethiopia b e cam e Christian. Mussolini's promise that there they please. Thus, an American Then came the long theological would be genuine religious free- Roman Catholic church is now being built in Moscow by Father dom under Italian rule. Brown. A Protestant church is -The Christian Advocate. also to be erected there for Eng- 1ish-speaking people. The work controversy over the question Medical Missions in Morocco of closing the churches is going steadily on. The Reformed whether Jesus had a single or Church at Odessa has been made a theater. The chapel at Pris- dual nature. For nearly 1,000 Morocco has always been one chib has been torn down. St. Michael's Cloister at Kiev is years the church in Ethiopia of the most difficult of Mohamabout to be sacrificed. Another cloister in that city has become was isolated from the rest of medan mission fields. F. J. a factory building. Christendom. About the year Scrimgeour writes of a visit he According to a new ruling, pastors from foreign lands from 1500 Catholic missionaries again has made to southern Morocco, now on will be prohibited from entered the country. In 1830 now a protectorate of France.

the Church Missionary Society Eight stations were visited, un- of England sent two mission- der the South Morocco Mission, aries. From that year may be established about fifty years ago, dated the modern work of mis- and the Bible Church Mission- sions. The Bible has been trans~ ary Society, which has opened lated and is now available in 20 – work in some of the larger vil- .

languages. Until the war com- lages during the last ten years.

pelled the evacuation of some Although motor roads cover the stations, Protestant missionaries country and educational train- totalled 184 at 35 stations, while ing is available, fanatical Moroc- Roman Catholics had a force of co continues much the same. 45 foreign priests and 30 native Legal restrictions and prohi~ priests. The largest American bitions of action imposed by the

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

French authorities have ham- The Message Refused leaders in the fight, and one of pered efforts at direct evangel- the Methodist black men adization, stopped all school work Mr. Jenkinson, of the Unevan- dressed the House of Assembly except classes of very elemen- for nearly an hour in executive tary teaching, and no~ t~reat~n gelized Fields Mission, at a re- session. to close all medical mISSIOn dISpensaries as they are at present cent meeting in London told how -Christian Ad'vocate. conducted. Under French administration an official medi~al he arrived in an African village Christian Council for service is being developed WhICh extends into all the cities, towns one afternoon and realized that South Africa and larger villages. R.egulatio~s have been issued whIch forbId much good might be accom- The first steps toward formmedical practice to those who ing a Christian Council in South are not legally qualified to prac- plished there. "The chief was Africa were taken in May, 1934. tice in their own country, be After two years, negotiations they British or of any other na- not sober, but came and sat are nearing completion. On tionality. This applies equally June 24, over sixty representato nurses, midwives and chem- down on the veranda of the rest- tives of churches and missionists, and the terms of the law are ary societies met at Bloemfonso worded that doctors may not house where I was staying. I tein to consider the proposed supply or dispense their. own constitution, which was finally prescriptions unle~s ~here IS .no talked to him for two or three adopted. The functions of the chemist's shop wlthm a mIle. new Council are: But H. M. Consul-General inter- hours, and by that time he ~as vened, and a concession ,,:as. ar- (a) To bring together for periodiranged whereby those mISSIOn- practically sober. Then he saId: cal conference and counsel representaaries who were actively engaged tives of the churches, mission sociein giving medical treatment to a"Wll eylOl~ white man, I have heard ties and other Christian agencies of the Moors in the year 1913 are have to say. I will have South Africa, particularly for consulpermitted to continue to do so tation upon matters bearing upon the until they retire. Dispensaries the drums beaten tonight to tell spiritual and general welfare of the more recently established-as non-European races. those of the B.C.M.S.-may also all my headmen to come and give medical relief with simple, (b) To promote, through commitnonpoisonous remedies; but. the hear this message, and they can tees, commissions or otherwise, study Consul-General deprecates the and investigation of the problem of extension of such work. decide whether they want to evangelizing and Christianizing the people of South Africa. -E. M. M. S. Quarterly. hear further, or whether they (c) To take joint action on any Seek to Evangelize Moslems would rather you go away." matters within the scope of the au- thority that may be given to the A recent development in the The drums were beaten, and Council by its constituent bodies. field of missions is the lively interest in the evangelization of early next morning the people (d) To promote cooperation in mis- Moslems in their North African sionary work, especially in evangelisterritories, shown by the Protes- began to arrive. The headmen tic, educational, medical and social tant youth of France. The work, and in the production of ver- Young Men's Christian Associa- came carrying their spears, nacular literature. tion, the Student Christian Federation, Association of Scouts their' wives walking behind. (e) To promote such fellowship and Guides and missionary among the churches as will create an groups have since 1932 been They talked for some time, but atmosphere of respect and confidence united in the "North African and will lead to united thinking, inter- Sheaf." A missionary camp is in the end their decision was: ceding, planning and action on the held in September at Constan- part of the Christian forces of the tine, Algiers, or Oran. There "We do not want you; we do not country. are also fifteen groups of the Young Women's Christian Asso- want your message." It seemed (f) To represent the Christian ciation in large centers like forces of South Africa in their rela- Tunis, Constantine, Algiers, as if the powers of evil were tions with the International Mission- Oran and Rabat, doing splendid ary Council and with national Chrismissionary and social work. loosed in that village. Mr. J en- tian organizations in other lands.

-World Survey Service. kinson continued: "I would ha,:,e -South African Outlook.

done anything to reverse theIr MISCELLANEOUS N decision but it could not be Promoting Race Harmony done. ext morning I went The History Society recently sadly away, and so far as.I know sponsored a contest on the sub- ject "How can youth develop co- the Gospel has never agam been operative and harmonious rela- tions among the races of the preached there. It is only earth ?" open to those under thirty living in Africa, Austra- prayer that can overcome these lia, Canada and New Zealand. The winner, Mr. Tsotsi, a twen- things." -The Life of Faith.

Race Question in Cape Colony In the Union of South Africa the race question is a burning issue. The Government has P!O- posed to abolis~ the Cap.e natIve franchise. ThIS met WIth s~ch opposition that the. premle.r withdrew the bill. HIS substI- tute measure does not recognize the right of the native to att.ain full citizenship. The Methodls~s of South Africa have made theIr influence felt in this controversy. The Conference declared, "The African people form an integral part of the Union, and they are entitled to the opportunities of attaining citizenship." Natives flocked to Capetown during the discussion. Methodists were

ty-one-year-old South African in Denmark, Norway, Rumania Too many times missionaries try to Negro, suggested the denuncia- reproduce their own parish life as they and Yugoslavia. Meanwhile, tion of all statements that inten- Tunisia has sent in 9,500 signa- knew it at home. Thus, we do not sify race feeling, the boycotting tures and in Ceylon the Wom- produce a native church but a trans- planted one. Under the circumstances of all books and films that preach en's Political Union has voted its we should not wonder why our conracial domination and the encouraging of all that demon- endorsement. verts show so little initiative and sense strate the advantages of cooper- -The Churchman. of responsibility for self-support and World Statistics self-propagation. The unity we main- The Statistical Institute of the tain is one of Western customs and League of Nations estimated the ative action. As if with one world population at approxi- practice. By maintaining this kind of voice, all the papers called for a mately two billion. The popula- uniformity we have avoided heresy fair system of government un- tion is increasing. annually at a and schism, but thereby we have also der which everyone would have little more than eighteen mil- prevented the creation of a native thean equal opportunity to learn lions or about 50,000 a day. Fig- ology. Because there has been so little and to serve. gures for the continents are as creative thought on the part of the follows: Asia, Russia not in- mission church, there has been little Mr. Tsotsi is of the Xhosa cluded, 1,710,000,000; Europe, missionary zeal and little sense of retribe and is a teacher at Blyths- fifth in size, 382,000,000; Rus- sponsibility for self-support…. wood Institution in Butterworth, sia, alone, 164,000,000; Africa, a town of 575 inhabitants. He both white and black, 143,000,- The early church was a Koinonia, traced many of the causes for 000; North America, 135,000,- a fellowship, before it was an ecclesiu, racial antagonism to the fact 000; United States, alone, 127,- an organized body. We must restore that in Asia, Africa and Ameri- 000,000; South America, 85,- to the <::hurch its primary duty of ca there was "the anomaly of 000,000; Central America, 35,- evangelization. Our task is one of white capital and colored labor." 000,000; Australia and Oceania, inspiration, not institutionalism. We He will receive $300 as his prize. 10,000,000. Population in Rus- need to rely more on the Holy Spirit. sia is increasing faster than any -New York Times. Faith Missions Mandates Against War A recently published pamphlet summarizes the service of pop- People's mandates against ularly called Faith Missions. war is an international move- The Interdenominational For- eign Mission Association of North America was formed in ment. In Hungary seven large place else on earth, 4,000,000 a 1917 by a group of foreign misassociations are collaborating. year or at the rate of 2 per cent. sionary societies that were not In Holland the text of the Man- denominationally related, but date was reprinted in 600 news- New Newspaper Evangelism which held identical doctrinal papers. In Sweden 100,000 peo- Newspaper evangelism, first convictions and adhered to simple signed the Mandate at 200 tried out in Japan, is steadily ilar missionary principles and reaching into other countries. practices. Prayer fellowship, peace meetings. In China, the movement is still conferences concerning mission- In Czechoslovakia 30 impor- new, although two Hankow ary policy, and united appeal for papers have carried daily adver- world evangelization are aims tant organizations are enlisted tisements about Christianity for of the organization. in this cause, while in Finland months, and a number of en- 16 groups are at work. Syria quiries have been received. In Listed in the order of their reports 18 groups with 30,000 India, a weekly article inserted inception, the sixteen societies in a Karachi paper has brought that are now members of the signers. enquiries from people of all Association are: The Woman's In Australia the text of the classes and faiths. An experi- Union Missionary Society of ment in Christian journalism is America, the China Inland Mismandate has been spread on also being carried on in Moham- sion, the India Christian Mispostal cards and in Greece six medan countries; while in Spain women's organizations are col- the editor of El Popular, a wide- sion, the South African General laborating. Work has also be- ly read paper, has agreed to P!lb- Mission, the Central American gun in Egypt and in Spain. lish a Christian article of 1,000 words every Sunday for a year. Mission, the Sudan Interior Mis- In France more than 30 organizations representing 600,- -Report. sion, the Ceylon and India Gen- 000 members, as well as 60,000 Missionary Institutionalism eral Mission, the Africa Inland other individuals, have voted for Mission, the Bible House of Los the Man d ate. Conspicuous In a most able and persuasiveamong the signers here are ex- address Bishop Ludlow, of the Angeles, the Inland South Amer- Protestant Episcopal Church, service men. made some far-reaching state- ica Missionary Union, the Bo- In Great Britain 28 societies ments concerning the conduct of livian Indian Mission, the North the church's missionary endeavand 1,027 meetings had signed or. He said in part: East India General Mission, the· up to last March. These meet- Evangelical Union of South ings were arranged by women's America, the American Euroassociations, the Labor Party, pean Fellowship, the Orinoco religious groups, the Society of River Mission, and the Latin Friends and by the Liberal America Evangelization Cam- Party. paign. The campaign has also begun Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information I ~,===========-=–,~ Puritans in the South Seas. By Louis and tireless-not the foolish and the daily life of the fellahin, the B. Wright and Mary Isabel Fray. selfish, uneducated and selfish Illustrated. 8 vo. 347 pp. $3.00. zealots here depicted. downward drag of Moslem en- Henry Holt & Co. New York. 1936. Some critics of missions fur- vironment and the trials of new The authors of this story of nish interesting and useful read- Christian missions in Tahiti, ing, for they write facts and de- converts. The book is very read- Raratonga and Hawaii cannot scribe scenes dramatically and hide their antipathy to the Puri- with a sense of humor. These able and will awaken interest tans, their disapproval of mis- authors are dry and give pracsions and their lack of sympathy tically no information of value and intercession. S. M. Z. with Christian standards and in regard to the islands and the ideals. While they claim to have people. They repeat the same The Story of the American Negro. written without prejudice, their cynical criticisms over and over By Corinne Brown. The Friendship whole attitude and the words again ad nausium-missionaries Press, New York. 208 pp. $1.00. they use reveal their lack of 'uneducated; seeking to create knowledge and their antagonism markets for European goods; Perhaps no better textbook to the whole enterprise: "Zeal- tempted by the easy morality of for the study of the racial prob- the South Sea women; super- lem in America has appeared ots" impose their religious and ficial in their work, etc., etc. from the press for a decade. It social points of view on a primi- is based on authoritative sources, tive people; "popish supplies to It is unfortunate that "Puri- it traces the story to its sources keep away scurvy"; "mission- tans in the South Seas" could and is unpartisan. It is brief aries had come to T,ahiti in the not have been written judicially but not scrappy and holds the expectation of turning an honest to reveal the mistakes and the reader's attention. The writer is penny"; "the work of the Lord achievements of the early mis- a recognized leader in the pres- sionaries and to show some of ent younger generation and by proceeded on a solid foundation the lessons learned and put into birth, training, wide travel and of real estate." These are some practice in later years – in the real sympathy is qualified for of the phrases that occur in the way of dress, education, the ap- her task. The ten chapters tell first few pages and similar ones preciation of native character us how and why the Negro came recur many times throughout and customs and the develop- to our shores, and what were the the book. In fact, the evident ment of Christian life and conditions in his ancestral home; aim of the authors is to hold mis- service. what the colonial pattern of sions in the South Seas up to slavery meant for master and ridicule. While they quote from The Soul of Egypt. By Allison slave; how it was modified by missionary letters and reports, it Douglas Boutros. Marshall, Morgan the industrial era followed by is to give unfavorable views of and Scott, London. Zondervan Pub- the breakdown of slavery and a lishing House, Grand Rapids, Mich- civil war which did not emancithe work and workers. When igan. 126 pp. 40 cents. pate in the tragic era of reconthey quote other authors, they struction. We learn of the never quote friendly and sym- A vivid portraiture of the land struggle for freedom, the Black of the Nile as a field for evan- Man's burden and the emergence pathetic reports like that of gelism by an independent mis- of "Brown America" with its Robert Louis Stevenson. sionary who through marriage chief problem – how to live to- and close contact with the gether or apart and to love each Honest, constructive criticism Egyptian people writes with other. A full bibliography, notes, of missions is welcomed. Mis- knowledge and sympathy. The references and a good index comtakes have been made in men note of personal experience is plete this unique study. and women sent out, in methods dominant and there is little used, and in aims held in view. about the work of other missions S. M. ZWEMER. The way missions were con- carried on for many decades, ducted a hundred years ago were nor much breadth of outlook on A Preface to Racial Understanding. different from the way they are the strategy of missionary occu- By Charles S. Johnson. Friendship pation and administration. Press, New York. 206 pp. $1.00. conducted today. The Puritans were strong but uncompromising There are telling chapters on The author is director of the and at times were without sym- Department of Social Science at pathetic understanding, but as a Fisk University. He has served rule they were brave and true as Director of Research and In- vestigation under the Carnegie Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[559 ] Foundation and is editor of the the development of personality. among the natives, but after all magazine Opportunity. This, . . . Only as men are regenerate it is only as men are delivered his most recent work on the can they build a regenerate so- from the "Power of Darkness, American Negro, bears a modest ciety." The author has never al- that Old Serpent, the Devil,"

title and covers an enormous lowed mere "story-telling" to ob- that we can hope to see the "new field of investigation. A recent scure the great spiritual burden order of life" which is "Christ in bibliography of the Negro in on his heart. He says also: you, the Hope of Glory."

Africa and America contains "The spiritual enters profoundly Second, the author might have 17,000 titles. The bibliography into the complex reactions of made more prominent, especially here selected suggests less than human life, in sickness as well in the appeal of his last chapter, threescore books, of which the as in health, and the physician that the missionary's endeavor gist can be found in these eight (the author is a physician) first, last, and always is to save chapters. They relate the story whose ministry is merely to the souls unto eternal glory. True, of the Negro, his social life, edu- body is rendering only a defec- eternal issues are being decided cation, contribution to American tive service." here and now, but this present civilization, and give examples Anyone not familiar with na- life is not The Life, that eternal of Negroes who attained in tive life in West Africa will find life. There should be not less church and state. The last chap- her e picturesque descriptions stress on cooperation, councils, ter is practical on the Conquest and information which gives a schools, etc., but more stress on of Racial Prejudice. The lit- clear understanding of the situa- the experience of the new birth; erary contributions of the Negro tion, together with folk tales and for thousands of natives who to American life and especially stories that relieve the common- have accepted Christ nominally, to music are described at some place. as yet know little or nothing of length. The author holds that It has been interesting, as a the "power of His resurrection." the greatest contribution of the fellow missionary, to observe dif- Dr. Lerrigo has addressed church to the Negro has been ferences in methods of work in. himself to a great problem, and the work of pioneer missionaries the Congo Mission and in the has tried to make other people since the days of reconstruction. Cameroun stations of another see what he has seen in his re- The Negro church today has a society but such details in no cent tour. He says, "The Chrismembership of over five million wise disturb the general sim- tian cannot assume that he is the and expended in one year for its ilarity of mission work. The only single-hearted person in the upkeep more than forty-three author shows himself intimately world. Other great idealistic million dollars. It is unfortunate acquainted with the main cur- movements have arisen in comthat even today less than twenty rents of life in the Congo, and petition, and the genuine comper cent of the Negro clergy hold its problems, government policies munist or even the socialist is academic or theological degrees. and projects, and the present de- likely to laugh at the mild ideal- The church of America is the termined effort of the Church of ism of the traditional Christian testing ground for the great Rome. Says he, "A few white who has taken his conviction moral issue of racial understand- folks coming with a great spir- second-handed, and whose reliing and the conquest of racial itual me s sag e have found gious habits are copies of a pre- S. M. ZWEMER. response, comradeship and af-. vailing type. This sort of Chrisprejudice. iection among these folks of tian experience does not get one Omwa? Are You Awake? By P. H. another race, and t h r 0 ugh very far." Dr. Lerrigo sees J. Lerrigo. self-effacing toil have released clearly that a time may come This book should accomplish springs of initiative and power when "for Thy sake we are killed its purpose to awaken the mis- which have already carried the all the day long" (Romans 8: sion-minded constituency of great Negro community far 36). Continuing, he says, "But churches in America to a new realization of what the mission- along the road to self-under- if it ever does come, I believe soary enterprise is about, and how standing, self-control and a new called Christian people will imperative it is to maintain the order of life and growth." quickly separate into three al- Christian message among the most equal classes: Those who unevangelized "while it is yet On two points I could wish promptly and cheerfully abanday." that the author had placed more don their religious profession to stress: First, the chapter on go with the tide; those who halt The reviewer, as a mission- "Worship : Outdoors and In" between two opinions and suffer ary for thirteen years in West should have included some de- profoundly in the process; and Africa, I can testify that the au- scription of the "principalities finally those whose Christian thor's descriptions are true to faith is steadied and quickened the original settings and the in- and powers" of the demon hosts until they are ready to die for ferences have been clearly de- against whom the missionary it" (page 170). All in the homeduced. must contend. All the accessory land, who name the name of enterprises of mission work, Christ as their veritable Master, such as schools, hospitals, agri- cultural institutes, etc., are Dr. Lerrigo says: "The mis- necessary to bring about "self- are urged to be "stripped and sionary contribution to Congo's understanding, self-control, and equipped for Christ's service." life has to do preeminently with a new order of life and growth" L. PAUL MOORE, JR.

Book. House. Press and Publications CALVERT'

Board. London. Valorous Adventures: A Record of "The School That Comes Sixty and Six Years of the Wom- Shaping the Future: A Study in To You" an's Foreign Missionary Society, World Revolution. Basil Mathews. Methodist Episcopal Church. Mary 160 pp. 2s. 6d. S. C. M. Press. No matter where you live, you can Isham. 446 pp. $1.25. Woman's London. give your child a superior education Foreign Missionary Society. Bos- from kindergarten to high school with ton. With Christ Into Tomorrow. Hun- Calvert school home study courses. ter B. Blakely. 160 pp. 50 cents. First, the Kingdom I The Story of Presbyterian Committee on Publica- Recommended by Mission Boards, Robert Fletcher Moorshead, Phy- tion. Richmond, Va. Educators, State Department and SICIan. H. V. Larcombe. Illus. Army and Navy Officials. 184 pp. 3s. 6d. Carey Press. Lon- The Dawn of Religion. Eric S. don. Waterhouse. (Great Religions of Daily lessons, selected books, station- the East.) 134 pp. 2s. 6d. Ep- ery, special materials and personal India. Part I, to 1837; Part II, worth Press. London. guidance . . • by mail . . • from our 1858-1936. H. H. Dodwell. (Mod- prominent and successful private day ern States Series Nos. 9 and 10.) Christianity and the Malays. Lawr- school in Baltimore. 131 and 274 pp. Each 3s. 6d. Ar- ence E. Browne. 78 pp. Is. S. P. rowsmith. London. G. in Foreign Parts. London. Write today for illustrated catalog.

Ten Africans. Edited with introduc- Children of Sunny Syria. Myrta H. Mrs. G. S. Rhoad•• tion by Margery Perham. Map. Dodds. 147 pp. $1.50. Crowell. Director of Home Instruction 356 pp. 15s. Faber and Faber. New York. London. CALVERT SCHOOL East Is East. Lessons on the Church Alien Americans: A Story of Race in Korea. Ruth Henrich and Elsie 1811 Tuscany Road Baltimore, Md. Relations. B. Schrieke. 208 pp. Fox. 60 pp. Is. S. P. G. in For- eign Parts. London. . $2.50. Viking Press. New York. Indian Thought and Its Develop- Okumeinscher Verlag. Stettin. The World Quest, 1936-1937: The ment. Albert Schweitzer. 265 pp. Germany. Fourth Unified Statement of the $2.50. Holt & Co. New York. Work of the Church Overseas, its The Story of the Bible. Edgar J. present position, opoprtunities and The Land of the Morning Calm. Goodspeed. $1.50. 150 pp. Univer- needs, in those areas which receive Ruth Henrich. 80 pp. Is. S. P. sity of Chicago Press. Chicago. help from the Church of England G. in Foreign Parts. London. and its Sister Churches in the Brit- Twelve Negro Americans. Mary Jen- ish Isles, together with a survey of The Medieval Missionary (World ness. 180 np. $1.00 cloth, 60 cents the response of the Church at home. Mission of Christianity Series) . paper. Friendship Press. New Illus. Maps. 131 pp. Is. Church James Thayer Addison. 175 pp. York. Cloth, $2.00; paper, $1.25. I. M. C., If you use New York.

PRINTING Stories of Korea: Lessons for Little JUST OFF THE PRESS! Children. K. O. Brightman. 28 pp. YOU will profit from an ac- quaintanceship with us. We S. P. G. in Foreign Parts. London. ~!,mn~ do the job complete in our own plant, whether it be large or Secrets at Sidleigh. Margaret P. small. Neill. 252 pp. 2s. Pickering & While our specialty is Books, Inglis. London. of tbt Mag~inu and Pamphlets, yet "I Am Jesus." And Other Evangel- we have a variety of modern istic Sermons. J. C. Massee. 117 equipment to meet all the re- pp. $1.00 cloth, 65 cents paper. ((bri~tian quirements of your particular Zondervan. Grand Rapids. job. You will find our service prompt, careful and courteous. The Living Christ. Will H. Hough- 1.ift ton. 133 pp. 75 cents. B. I. C. WU! you allow U8 to estimate Assn. Chicago. elf BOOK of worship in song, com- on your next printing? We be- bining a hymnal for general lieve you will be delighted with Preaching Christ in Corinth. Klaas church use, and a song book for evan- our product, price and service. Jacob Stratemeier. 114 pp. $1.00. ~tic purposes. Otily songs sound Zondervan. Grand Rapids. m the Faith and inspirational- in char- The EVANGELICAL PRESS Portraits of Christ in the Gospel of acter included—emphasizing Evangel- PrinteT. of John. Harold S. Laird. 126 pp. The Missionar,y ReOli…, of rile World 75 cents. B. I. C. Assn. Chicago. ism, Missions, and the Deeper Life.

PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE Southern Baptists in World Service. Many of the new–·the best of the old. third and Rally SIr.ets H.rrilbllfl. P.. E. P. Alldredge. 172 pp. 60 cents cloth, 40 cents paper. Sunday 504 Songs Responsive Readings School Board, Southern Baptist Convention, Nashville. T opicallndex Gold Embossed E Ming and E Rue: A Story of Child Published in round notes and Roxite cloth Life in Old Peking. Margaret Ros- siter White. 91 pp. $1.00. Revell. edition only at $65.00 per lOO-an especially New York. low price. Single copy, 85e. postpaid. • So Half Amerika-Die Auslandshilfe der Vereinigten Staaten. 1812-1930. IRI Write toda, for returnable sample coJ>:Y Hermann Stohr. 328 pp. 5.60M. CH!USTIAN PUBUCATIONS, INCORPORATED Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa.

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The Missionary Review of the World — October 1936

1936

THE AFRICA NUMBER Progress and Challenge in Africa Alexander Mcleish An African View of Indigenous African Religions Donald G. S. M'Timkulu The Gospel Among Primitive Peoples John S. Hall Revival in Central Africa Andrew MacBeath The Gospel and the Women of West Africa Jewel H. Schwab The Church of Christ in Uganda J. J. Willis Material Progress and the Africans John M. Springer The PrintedWord Among the Bantu Robert H. W. Shepherd A Medical Missionary on Tour Albert D. Helser The Unoccupied Fields John Steytler Africans on the Witness Stand Various Authors 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember executive secretary of promotion. He International Dollar

will serve as chairman of the joint October 12-18–International Con- staff of the missions council and pro- Approved by Women's Boards of For- vention of the Disciples of Christ. motional units of the American Board eign Missions to meet the Grave Emer- Kansas City, Mo. and the Home Boards in the Congre- gency caused by decreased appropriations gational Church. for Vellore Missionary Medical College October 14-15 – Annual Meeting, for Women. Unless friends will help American Mission to Lepers, New The Rev. Gr*ant* K*. Lewis, Secre- quickly through the York City. tary of the Home Department of the Good Samaritan Dollar Bonds October 21-24–National Council of United Christian Missionary Society Young Men's Christian Associa- of the Disciples Church, has resigned. Dr. Scudder must close some of the work tions, Cincinnati, Ohio. Dr. G. Orissa*Ta*ylo*r, born in India, and turn away eager Indian Christian stu- November 17-19 – National Confer- dents who long for training as doctors. ence on the Rural Church, Ames, has been appointed deputation travel- Already one Roadside Clinic is closed. Iowa. ing secretary of the Zenana Bible and Medical Mission. Dr. Taylor worked One Hundred Million Indian November 23-24 – United Steward- at Chittagong Hill, India, as a B. M. Women ship Council Meeting, Dayton, Ohio. S. medical missionary, was invalided ho~e, and for twenty years was su- will die without medical or spiritual aid CONFEREI'TCES AND SCHOOLS permtendent of the Islington Medical unless we meet the need quickly. Send OF MISSIONS Mission. Then, five years ago, he and for free literature and Bonds to Mrs. Mrs. Taylor went back to India again Henry W. Peabody, Chairman, Beverly, Affiliated with the Council of Women to work with the Nilgiri Medical Mis- Massachusetts. She will also send Prize for Home Missions and the Com- sion. Offer for those who will sell Bonds. mittee on Women's Work, For- eign Missions Conference Dr. Harold A*. M* oo*dy, of London, A Superior Education Houston, Te~a8 – September 28 – Oc- a Jamaican Negro, took office last Offered by Calvert Courses tober 2. month as president of the British Dean – Mrs. A. B. Hynes, 618 Christian Endeavor Un ion. Dr. FOR CHILDREN Highland, Houston, Texas. Moody is a practicing physician and founder and president of tbe League More than 50,000 children have ac- Warren, Okio–October 6-7. for Colored People of England. quired a superior elementary education Mrs. George Konold, 814 Scott . . . in their own homes • . . in this St., N. E., Warren, Ohio. Obituary Note. interesting and simple way. Recommended by Mission Boards, Edu- Baltimore, Md.-October 19-21. Fred B. Smith, author and former cators, State Department, and Army Mrs. David D. Baker, 410 N. Cal- moderator of the National Council of and Navy Officials. houn St., Baltimore, Md. Congregational Churches, died at his Daily lessons, selected books, stationery, home in White Plains, New York, on special materials and personal guidance Personal Items September 3d, at the age of seventy … by mail … from our prominent years. He was born in Lone Tree, and successful private day school in Dr. C. T. Wang, former Foreign Iowa, and spent one year at the State Baltimore. Minister, has been named Ambas- University of Iowa. After his con- Write today for illustrated catalog. sador to Washington to succeed Dr. version at the age of twenty-five he Sao-Ke Alfred Sze. Mr. Wang is a entered Y. M. C. A. work. He was M~!.~~~~~.!i~~~~~me , graduate of Yale, and was at one chairman of the World Alliance for Instruction time a Y. M. C. A. secretary. He is International Friendship and chair- 1810Tuscany Road, Baltimore, Md. now a member of the ruling Kuomin- man of the religious committee of the tang party's central executive commit- Y. M. C. A. during the World War. Planned along ad. tee. He is fifty-four years old. He is survived by his wife, two sons vanced peda;ogical Unes and three daughters. to provide both Home and Cia.. *** for the pupil. Varied (Continued on page 449.) such as Quizzes, Reading Tests, True Mr. John H. Reisner is spending False Test.. and Completion Tests, eight months in Africa under the LET YOUR GIFT the pupil to work out each lesson from auspices of the Agricultural Missions PAY YOU Bible for himself. Foundation and the Rural Missions Cooperating Committee. His itinerary A LIFE INCOME Interesting -:- Inspirational -:- In.hu"H",. includes Gold Coast, Nigeria, French Cameroons, Belgian Congo, Angola, I YOAUNR~UGJITfTY OPLNANTHE ~ SeM 8c in .bmp' lor curr_t in". Northern Rhodesia, Southern Rho- – will provide b you Sample. oj Oour S,.II'1d..y School pubhc.Uon••nd desia, Nyasaland, Portuguese East lind your dependeab Africa, Union of South Africa, Kenya Bible CO&rae.lor YCNRV People', Societi.. and Uganda. He expects to reach I.~' UlIChAanSau{unr8e aInd~ Mnt ft.. Oon ,,,,,,,••t. New York about January first. fully guaranteed by ~ serve funds required by EST.ISBS The Rev. W.*Y.*Ch*en has been ap- – New anYnourikt·ie"sjiIta.p.teromlaWptllloy All CHRISTIAN PUBLICATIONS.lN<! pointed General Secretary of the Na- paid "Inee 1876. tional Christian Council of China, By your CIft 700 Wlll 1502 N. Third St., Harrisburg, Pa. succeeding Dr. Cheng Ching-yi, who stiare tn world-wide resigned in 1984 to become General Christian work of the Secretary of the Church of Christ in ChurCh•. China. I'Dr ",,1 ialDriuIloII fWIu *** ~….:t~1~~ The Rev. Leonard M. Outerbridge, formerly a missionary of the American Board in North China and recently Associate Secretary of the American Board, has been appointed

MISSIONARY How African Evangelists are

REVIEW OF THE WORLD Trained, by L. Paul Moore, Jr. High Speed DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor What Christ Has Done for Afri- at Low Cost cans, by Bernard Molaba. VOL. LIX OCT., 1936 No. 10 Speed is often so important when Pioneering for Christ in Africa, crossing to the Orient. That's why Publication and Business Office– by Herbert Smith. busy travellers go by Empress. You Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. go faster … in maximum comfort The Greatest Need of Africa To- . .. and at surprisingly low cost. Editorial and Executive Office– day, by S. S. Tema. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Only lQ days to Yokohama by Entered as second-class matter at We deeply appreciate the general Empress of Asia or Empress of cooperation of missionaries and other Russia. Or via Honolulu in just 3 Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., unde, friends of Africa in the preparation days more by Empress of Japan Act of March 3, 1879. of this special number. Busy workers (largest, fastest liner on the Pa<:ific) have freely given of their valuable or Empress of Canada. 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. time to record the progress and prob- Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. lems of missions in Africa as they Low round-trip fares . . . First, Published monthly. except AUghst. have seen them. They throw much Tourist and Third Class. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. light on the Africans themselves, both British agents – Marshall, Morgan Christian and non-Christian and de- Regular sailings from Vancouver scribe the methods and difficulties met and Victoria in Canada's Evergreen t~~d~~~t~. 1~. p~te~~~~~~~ ~~;ld~~;:: in the work. Weare especially glad Playground. Orient fares include to have a large number of African passage from and to Seattle. If you 10 shillings a year. Christians contribute articles on what sail from California, connect with an Christ has done for them and for Empress at Honolulu. Orient ports- MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- Africa. This is a most fascinating of-call: Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, LISHING CO" INC. field, immense and varied in its ex- Shanghai, Hong Kong and Manila. BOARD OF DIRECTORS tent but very fruitful in the results • World Tours . .. $579.90 up, that have followed the faithful wit- Combination of Classes. Write for ROUERT E. SPEER. l'r" .•ident nessing for Christ. folder of six most popular routes. A. L. WARNBHUIB. Vi06-Pre8ident Vv· ALTl<~R MCDOUGALL, '1'rew.;urer Obituary Notes Booklets, information from YOUR DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary AGENT or Canadian Pacific: New (Continued from second cover.) York, 344 Madison Ave.; Chicago, SAMUEl. MCCREA CAVERT 71 E. Jackson Blvd.; San Francisco, Mrs. Calvin Mateer, who, fifty- 152 Geary St.; and 38 other cities WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN seven years ago, as Miss Haven, vol- in the United States and Canada. D. J. FANT unteered for missionary service in MRS, OHI<lN R. JUDD China, died in Peiping on August by WM. B. LIPPHARD first. She was born in Brookline, Mass., in 1850, and later married Dr. ~(fa4c ERIC M. NOR'fH Calvin Mateer, a missionary of the SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- EMPRESSES sions. Mrs. Mateer taught in mission Editorial Chat high schools, prepared textbooks, and translated a numoer of volumes into We would express our sincere grati- Chinese. Later she taught in the tude to Mr. Robert M. Kurtz for Women's Bible Training School in kindly undertaking to put through the Peiping, and after her honorary relast of the September number and for tirement in 1924 continued teaching his effective editorial work on the and writing. present issue of THE REVIEW. This is especially important as it is the mis- *** sion study number on Africa and will be widely used in mission study Missionary Muller, of the Hercircles. Already our extra edition of mannsburg Mission in Gallaland, the June American Negro Number West Abyssinia, lost his life at the has been entirely sold out. It will be hands of rioters and robbers who inwell for those who desire extra copies fest that section. He thus becomes the of the October REVIEW to send in their first martyr of this mission in that orders immediately so that they will area, which, because of its remoteness not be disappointed. from the capital, has not yet been placed under military law. *** *** Owing to limited space and to the failure of some promised articles to Miss Grace Stephens, Anglo-Indian reach us on time, a number of articles missionary, who began work among planned for the October number must the women and girls of India fifty be held over until later. Some of these years ago, passed away May 30, in the are very important and we expect to Ellen Thoburn COWen Hospital, Kolar, print them in November and Decem- India, at the age of eighty-five. At ber. They include the following: one of her zenana parties in 1892, where four hundred women had gath- Roman Catholic Activity in Pa- ered and were seated about on the gan Africa, by Kenneth G. floor, she stealthily sent for Bishop Grubb. Thoburn. When he appeared, many of them, purdah women and Brah- Hindrances to Christianity in mans, looked askance, but after a Africa, by C. S. Jenkins. time more than a dozen women pushed through the crowd at Miss Stephens' The Influence of White Men in invitation and shook hands with the Africa, by Oscar Emil Eman- bishop. It was a considered a great uelson. triumph and no unhappy results fol- lowed. The Progress of Islam in Africa, by Samuel M. Zwemer. (Concluded on page 512.) Missionary Work as Seen by an [449 ] African, by John L. Dube.

Achievements in West Africa, by R. S. Roseberry.

Some Results in Central Africa, by Virginia M. Clarke.

Missions in the Congo BeIge, by Thomas Moody.

q l ' "fJ~ ." ~~"- M8eizD erli f 2- ~

T&Il&,ie ..R.ut:i.j..a Or ~~ ..f '" s asta ane"tt& -.— usa f' ' ,. Casablan 0 SF.. '~A Con&ta"oBiskra I UNI _,,. eo <f A • M.kirl!l • L G E R I A. l.'T Sf" .~"..•'.'-''.y ", ._.thardaia,.. 0 MOROCCO Gabes • Morocro .r;' .. .' Agadlr – – -) Colomb • • ___ – Bechar ~:hadames ,._.J RlODEOJ !' . LIB Y A , . o Murzuk I Kh"gaO ) , .J. ,'— ~ ~. "' . , L'.-._.-.A-sw.a~,.. W.dyH,lfa ( " Oongof,o Port Sudan FRENCH WE S T AFRICA < "("'> Dakar Timbuklu O JI..::U "Kayes °Sinder • ."- "'."……–..~ ~< EIObel Kuka aBamako I i oW.gadugu 0 Abeshr. SUDAN Ko . " ,. _ . ,• J.:.. I. anD .Yakuba ( ..: 1 Kon~o i !? ,,' N I G E R I A " 0:: ·1-..I. JS ,.)' r I /GOLD . 🙁 IOHesha @B K l a . ~ …… /Kumassi Q • "'fbada" '.. '. (ETEI1 J'IA) • Cd'AST • oAsaba , "'sagmo _ _ _'!"'oo&..;A;;;k",k~~~~ ; ; Bangui . ___~ ~ ·(Bra~n·o~'~.~r<?~!¥' ~ .' 0 Upolo ~~.. ir '"– ._., .-) '·…. :~4J Ynd 0' ~ au ~~DA) " (.:.' ._. ~nteb~{>"~BRITISH ~" ,! StanleyvilleO * – Vir/orio ~ 4. J'/ BELGIAN . 'E'A0~ °l am, oKindu '

B"Z"'~ CON G O . TAGANYlKA ' I N DI A N ~a CABIXDAl • .wl~ A T LA N T I c ,'-'-''l Kongotoo • oc EA N EAN 0 0 ' ( . ~ ••…1•…, "-·'~.1 ~ loand. Cassani' j • ~ Matanle '> ' – – . "flit"ab.!.~Y/~eo · A No G 0 L A ,….,I' ~. ~E v ;''I f~.;z. 4J Bihe . 'l or-:: I NORTHEll~', "-c-~ .0;.. …B.la.nt~ yr,~.olombal).'" Mossamed •__. _ ~ . i il2M ' " , "" ~ I • .-…… …..,lSOUTHERN . v r ' – ' , RHODESIA ~ G,.,gtfont.in j " 'r' ' SOUTH WEST BECHUANALAND' 0 Bulawayo. 0"'l 01" r-s '!@.dh~ Palapye '~. o I O ~./ ;;; /. ~,{TRANSVAA~ I loh/a'n;l..l.e'.iy?~JI,'~~: '. ouren'" nhambane I" ~ ~q~ II ~ &..,.,," t… " _/'Gf.~"'r."'.p '",•..,' B..Kciomnbsefrt"eyl~~,~"~~"~.:N;" oLJdysm,ih oPrelirmantzbu'g o Paas,i o0~~Be~au'fco-rt"~.~~~~~'a/s.t;Londonurban ~~ CLEARTYPE ~oo,~ .., '1A/f'fd i'lizabeth II.. u.s. " •. 0#.

Principal Cities Map of *KEY TO POPULATION NOTICE Over 100,000 nlth ……¥~h.od_… n.. …. ~"" …. AFRICA S 20,000 to 100,000 ;::-:::::::::'COZ'"::t.":i.i;!;~ o Less than 20,000 MAP No. 966 Capitals of Countries (underscored) Scale of Miles COfJ)Tialu 200 Amuican Mao Company. '"e.• N .Y ..- 8392. . ORLD VOLUME LIX AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 10 OCTOBER, 1936 Topics of the Times WHY STUDY AFRICA One answer, or rectification rather, to that question is that no great human agency is any There appears to be a special opportunity and longer justified in attempting to maintain bounduty before the Christian Church to study Africa. daries between "home" and "foreign" needs. What is done about American race relations will In a sense, not true of any other great world profoundly affect Africa. What is done about unit, human or geographical, there is no one, any- African economic questions will continue greatly where, effectively to think and plan for Africa as to influence American living. And so throughout a whole. Africans cannot do it yet. Eight hun- the earth. dred languages, as many tribes, a millennium of almost complete tribal isolations prevent. The six But the basic reply to that question is that the European powers governing in Africa, and the problems in many of their aspects are universal, one striving to return there, will not do it. One and that Christianity has the answers to them need only name them-Britain, France, Italy, wherever they occur. They are by no means con- Portugal, Spain, Belgium, Germany-to make fined to America or to Africa and those nations clear the improbability of their presently agree- which have given themselves burdens in Africa. ing on anything, much less on the future of the They are universal. And the Church, by its very Africa which is so rich in raw materials and claim to universality, or better, by its very unihuman power as nearly to have precipitated an- versality, finds itself sharing those burdens. other great war this past year, when the world was crying out against all war. The "gratuitousness" of the Church's continued and increased intervention in African affairs is No, there is no prospect of unity of thinking thus also answered, with the added observation about Africa-unless it be that the Church shall that, in practical human relations, mere political do it. Therein lies a great challenge and oppor- control of a territory has seldom operated to pretunity, not only for performing a beneficent serv- vent ideas and pressures from nations other than ice for Africa and the world, but for exercising the one in authority entering and influencing the and strengthening within the Church those quali- country, sometimes very deeply indeed. ties of spiritual and moral leadership which remain so often latent and are. yet so sorely needed In the case of Africa, for example, where the in the world. United States has not a mile of territory and but relatively small financial investment, American Many American Christians may feel that it is education, American philanthropy, American gratuitous, even impossible for the Church, of medicine and methods of public sanitation, Amerwhich they are a part, to project its thinking and ican agricultural experience, American transporideals concerning a future Africa into those quar- tation material, American accounting devices, ters within and without Africa where that future American mineralogical engineering, Americanwill be determined. the list could be continued in a well-nigh exhaus- tive enumeration of human experience-have al- How can a church, some will ask, which has not ready affected fundamentally nearly every part yet achieved a common front on such "domestic" of Africa. The precedent is abundantly fixed for fields as race relations, cooperatives, public own- American participation in African matters. As ership, economic security, armaments, class ex- for the Christian Church, probably no single inploitations, hope to attain such on a "foreign" field?

[451 ]

fluence has thus far been greater in transforming strengthened. And, beyond the slightest doubt, the internal life of Africa. the animistic Africa of today can be transformed into the Christian Africa of tomorrow. What is now needed, besides the continuance of that internal transformation, and what is posted EMORY Ross. as a great challenge to the Christian international, is the forming and directing of world policy THE GODLESS MOVEMENT concerning Africa, and in Africa, so as best to aid Africa and the African to develop in both in- In this country until lately many remembered ternal and external relationships. World policy the atheist as one of the local "characters" of their is certainly not so directed now. Correctly speak- home town. He might make a professed convert ing, there is no world policy regarding Africa, now and then, but he seldom greatly disturbed the unless indeed it be expressed as universal white religious life of the community. But now atheism, domination. like all sorts of propaganda, has become an or- ganized and aggressive foree, not only national, In some respects it would be ruinous for Afri- but international, in scope, another of the world's ca, and in other respects it might well prove dis- great evil forces that challenge the right of the astrous in world relationships, for the sum of Church of Christ to live. One wonders at the present policies toward Africa to continue. singular mentality that can become so hostile to the preaching of the Gospel-which no one is Within Africa, they have already set up in many obliged to accept or even to consider-as to make places such strains, racially, economically, social- of him a monomaniac. Indeed, whether one bely and in some cases religiously, that the structure lieves in a personal devil or not, when he exbeing creakingly reared threatens even now to amines the activities and sacrifices of organized fall. anti-Christianity and hears or reads its blasphe- mous utterances, it seems as if the idea of Satanic Outside Africa, the world's attitude and actions leadership is the simplest and most logical. extouching Africa have on at least four occasions planation of these manifestations. The Presbybetween 1897 and 1935 nearly resulted in armed terian has republished this item, credited to I. C. European clash, plus the tragic African events of P. I. S., Geneva, which gives some idea of the zeal 1936 which appear to have resulted in the post- that is going into international atheistic work: ponement and increased preparation for war, rather than in averting it – just as in 1911 the The periodical, Antircligio'snik, published in the U. S. Agadir crisis was adjourned to 1914. . . . S. R. by the Central Council of the League of the Fight- ing Godless, includes in a recent issue an article on the There is in all this need the possibility of an then impending international congress held in Prague. unique and inestimable service to be rendered by In this article, the task of the Free Thinkers' Internathe Christian Church to Africa and the world. tional is put forward as that of fighting for democratic To render that service, or even intelligently to rights and freedom of conscience, for economic and culargue against the possibility of its being rendered, tural progress against clerical reaction, and for the cothe Church must study Africa. ordination of the godless all over the world. The article further states that in regard to the colla'Joration of the In America not without reason is Africa various Free Thinkers' Associations with the Godless thought of, more than any other continent, as Movement, and in relation to the struggle against Fascism, "mysterious," "darkest," "remotest," "unknown." war and clericalism, fundamental agreement has already It is unknown in many of its elements. We are been reached. Similar views have been expressed by the generally quite unaware of how profoundly Africa League of the Fighting Godless, in the A'pril issue (page already affects our life. Still less are we conscious 2) of Bcsbcschnik, published by the Soviet Union. In the of the inevitability with which it will continue meantime, the fusion of the Brussels Free Thinkers' Inand increase its influence in the whole range of ternational with the Proletarian Free Thinkers' Internahuman affairs. How widely is it realized, for ex- tional has taken place, thanks, not least (according to ample, that in certain important and real senses, "International Correspondence" of May), to the active Africa is the richest continent, the most produc- collaboration of the Soviet delegation, which was composed tive continent, the coming continent? of Professor Lutaschewsky, representing the League of the Fighting Godless in the U. S. S. R., and Professor Let us study this continent, not only during the Savadowsky, President of the Ukrainian Godless League. months just ahead of what we call mission study, The reports of these members of the congress "made an but in the days beyond that when Africa and its essential contribution to the clarifying of the basic quesneeds will continue to grow and its influence con- tions of the Free Thinkers' Movement." Professor Savatinue to mount, voluntarily and involuntarily, for dowsky, it is further stated, declared in his address that good or for evil in world relationships. "it is only today that it is possible, with the union of the two Internationals of Free Thinkers, to estimate the whole If we study, and are convinced, and act, the value of the assistance rendered by the liberated science "African problem" can be solved, and with it will of the U. S. S. R., to the ideological struggle of the Free be solved many other problems, now fearfully con- Thinkers against Fascism and clericalism." The merging fronting individuals, nations and the world. Our of the two Internationals of Free Thinkers is not to be own Christianity can thus be expanded and regarded as an aim in itself, but as a means of coordinat-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

ing "the best forces Qf progress and of science in the after commenting on harvest conditions as he had noticed them when crossing the country: struggle for Socialism." R. M. K.

MILLIONS OF SHEPHERDLESS SHEEP May r remind you of another kind of harvest which seems to have been shunted into the background? r am The anxious demand for economic security is speaking to you as a fellow American who during the at the bottom of the prevailing social unrest. This social conflict differs notably from the age-old last two decades has spent most of his time outside the struggle for political freedom. The latter was the concern of citizens within a nation. In one coun- borders of our country on duty in Europe and the Far try they might enjoy a high degree of political liberty, while those of a neighboring state were East. Each return to America reveals marked changes greatly oppressed. But now the world has been so brought into communication that the strife not only in the physical appearance of the country but over social and economic theories has overflowed boundaries between nations, and great interna- in the mental and moral climate which show now and tional groups are beginning to overshadow the old national parties. When the masses come to think, again a spiritual drought of wide areas of American life. and act, internationally the world has reached a critical point in its history, and one which the r find myself especially impressed by the fact that you Church cannot ignore. and others, who are my countrymen, are placing undue But the Christian Church will not meet its op- portunity and accomplish its appointed work by emphasis upon the lifting of the standards of economic entering any heated secular debate. It can fulfill its Great Commission only by bringing men to life. Weare being told on every hand that we need to realize that they live not by bread alone. It is quite evident, from the present emphasis upon the seek economic security and that when that is achieved all "social gospel," that the central Christian message . of redemption through the Cross is not very popu- will be well. I find myself definitely calling in question lar, but that is no reason for neglecting to press it upon men's attention. Rev. Dr. D: E. Hart- that conclusion. Davies, of Edinburgh, Scotland, in a sermon re- cently delivered in New York, put the situation in We have lifted the standard of economic security very these words: much in the last few decades, but we definitely lack ·that something which can bring peace, prosperity and happi- ness. There is need for much further planting of spiritual seed in the hearts of men so that along with the harvest in the fields there may be likewise the harvest of cultural and spiritual gifts and graces. This, and this only, will lead the people of America intQ that quest of real life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. R. M. K.

The world of humanity may be likened to a vast Oriental THE CHURCH AND THE YOUTH wilderness upon which millions of shepherdless sheep are MOVEMENT grazing. One of the phenomena-perhaps, rather, one of the symptoms-of our times is the prominence of I never go into a big city like London, Glasgow, Bir- youth, to the extent of almost making them a dis- tinct social class. This is very naturally leading mingham, Chicago or New York without feeling my own youth to take itself with exceptional seriousness, so that in its mass expression it is inclined to put helplessness as I look upon the masses of the people close in "a very large order." An instance is this stateup. Though their aims are manifold, there is an intensive ment from a declaration of rights adopted at the passion for leadership. Meanwhile, the Son of God has third American Youth Congress, held last July in Cleveland: appeared and made the great claim of the ages, "I am the light of the world. He that followeth me shall not walk "Our generation is rightfully entitled to a use- ful, creative, and happy life, the guarantees of in the darkness but shall have the light of life." which are full educational opportunities, steady employment at adequate wages, security in time Your eternal salvation and mine depend ultimately upon of need, civil rights, and peace."

this one simple thing: the personal appropriation of the Excepting infants, people of any age are right- fully entitled to much the same things. The sad Son of God as the shepherd of the soul. R. M. K. thing about this rather complacent claim upon life is, that it is stained with the blood and tears of OVEREMPHASIS ON ECONOMIC many generations of men who have demanded of STANDARDS life just such benefits, only to find that, taken to- gether, these boons spell Utopia, the undiscovered One who visits a country at intervals of years country. What life really gives is discipline, now has unusual opportunities to observe and appreci- more severe, now less, but discipline always. Beate various changes. They are presented to him cause youth is proverbially hopeful and the dewith a vividness that the citizen who has seen the pression has so blighted youthful hopes and gradual progress of things fails to sense. Such thwarted youthful ambition they need all the an observer is Bishop Edwin F. Lee, of the Meth- sympathy and help that their elders can offer. odist Episcopal Church, who has charge of its However, that does not mean that sound judgment work in Malaysia and the Philippines. In a ser- should give way to an emotional attitude that may mon delivered in New York last August he said, mislead considerable numbers of young people into thinking that somehow the working of eco-

nomic laws can be modified to suit their very real everywhere else, it will seek to win the youth, we needs. Of course, this is a weakness not confined to the young, but marks people of all ages who have an added incentive to bring young people the have never become mature enough mentally to save themselves from social and political dream- world over, as well as at home, to know their ers and false prophets. The truth is, that unnumbered thousands of youth, unknown and unsung, Lord and to see human life in all its interest as have always had to face such difficulties in their individual lives as trouble millions today who find He would have them see it. R. M. K. a bond in their common sorrows and their united efforts for betterment. NO MERE ACADEMIC MATTER The problems of these millions will be met much There is a disheartening amount of adverse as those of the thousands before them have been. Faith in God, patience, perseverance and the criticism of the present condition of the Churcn, other virtues can win comfort and peace-though some hopes will fade. But unsound theories, even from within, and it is to be feared that much radical mass movements and ill-advised revolutions are not going to change human nature or the of it is well founded. How can things be made underlying principles of things. Of course, we must recognize the evidence of a changing social right? They say that one of the best ways to order, apparent at home and abroad. To natures that are well-balanced this means a time for cau- learn is to teach, and that one of the best ways to tion and careful study. But it also means the great opportunity for the social and political ex- keep one's body in trim is to engage in active tremist, who finds valuable allies in discontent, discouragement, and despair. work. Teach and work. So, then, how can the But another serious factor is beginning to be Church renew her life and power in any better noticed among the more than six million unemployed Americans under twenty-five years of age, ways than by teaching-and so relearning-the and that is a disposition to refuse the responsibility for improving things. More than this, much basic truths of her faith, and by energetically radical propaganda that appeals powerfully to young people of unfavorable background, does not working to put them within reach of all men seriously seek real improvement of the economic order. Instead, it proposes the appropriation of everywhere who have never heard them? the best material advantages in the present order for the less fortunate. Hence the demands for In our generation there is an appalling lack the confiscation and redistribution of wealth. These disturbing tendencies are becoming more of knowledge, or else only the vaguest knowledge, and more evident in America, but they are present the world over wherever youth finds it~ way of the meaning of such mighty terms as "incarnablocked by general conditions. tKiionn~daotmonoefmGeondt,." redemption, regeneration and The Church cannot settle the economic prob': But knowledge of thel'le things lems the times present for youth. But it can and must boldly urge the high moral claims of Chris- will never come by sermons and study cOurses tianity which include the cultivation of that very sense of responsibility just referred to. It was and programs that deal with everything save the intended in the moral economy of God that men should regard themselves as their brothers' keep- Church's supreme concerns. If the Church has ~rs. It is this moral responsibility that is to be laid upon the hearts of youth. But the particular any great service to render to the world it is to political or social systems or methods or schemes by which this obligation is to manifest itself is deliver to all men everywhere the good news not the burden of the Church. the Lord has given her for them. What is more Now, since we are finding that such anti- Christian agencies as communism are invading necessary for the Church than to be made to realeven the great mission field of Africa, where, as ize her responsibility for obeying Him in this matter? How men can be lifted out of the selfish- ness that is threatening civilization is shown by contributions to this issue of THE REVIEW.

But the Church's lessened vitality, serious though it be, does not reveal how critical the situ- ation really is. Weare not experiencing merely an ecclesiastical depression; the Church is ap- proaching a great religious crisis, of profound im- portance to civilization itself. Dr. Samuel Henry Prince, Professor of Sociology at King Univer- sity, Halifax, N. S., while preaching in this coun- try last summer, observed that religion had "con- tributed mightily to the survival of the individual and the human race, and a failing Christianity will presage a decline of the West." And he con- tinued: "The decline of the West is no longer a matter of mere academic consideration, of interest to the followers of a Spengler. It raises the whole question of the factor of religion in social con- tinuity. Whether Christianity shall be allowed to collapse or shall reconquer the Western mind and redeem it of its secularism, megalomania and self- complacency is a greater issue than an American labor schism or a Spanish civil war." R. M. K.

and Challenge in

By REV. ALEXANDER McLEISH, London, England Survey Editor, World Dominion Movement T HE hope of the Church in Africa lies in its and medical work missions have also pioneered becoming a truly indigenous African Church. the way for governments which are rapidly tak- Let us glance at the Protestant occupation ing over these responsibilities. Evangelistic work of Africa in its main geographical divisions. carried on for more than fifty years has resulted Ohristians in the creation of the largest Christian community Mission- Per in any mission land, now numbering, according Population aries Ohristians Million 676 48,150 1,528 to the latest computation, 7,904,514.3 North Africa .. 31,503,298 East Africa … 25,935,548 824 172,302 6,643 The Moslem infiltration from the north con- West Africa .. , 44,463,884 1,140 1,130,529' 25,425 tinues, but has been held up by the Coptic Church Central or Equa- of Abyssinia, by the great progress of missions in 24,439,048 1,479 739,379 30,254 Uganda, and by the chain of mission stations torial Africa. 20,460,759 3,473 4,000,000' 173,408 stretching across the Sudan. Along the old slave South Africa ..

146,802,537 7,592 6,090,3612 38,448 route in Tanganyika, however, Islam is extending The slow progress in Moslem North Africa is its influence again as well as along the coast as far south as Lourenco Marques. at once apparent, and becomes more striking when Roman Catholicism has launched a new and it is remembered the Christians are drawn mainly vigorous campaign for the conquest of Equatorial Africa. The ambition of Cardinal Lavigerie has from the Copts of Egypt. been largely realized and one of the greatest con- solidated spheres of Catholic missions has been If this occupation be distributed under the vari- built up, stretching south from Anglo-Egyptian Sudan to Northern Rhodesia, and west from ous governments it appears as follows: Tanganyika through the Belgian Congo to French West Africa. Rome claims over four million Cath- Ohristians olics in Africa, more than half of whom are in Equatorial Africa. Mission- Per aries Christians Million Africa, however, has proved the most respon- Population sive to Protestant missions of the great world British …….. 4,820 4,564,602 ' 73,347 French …….. 56,225,671 720 933,930 24,359 38,351,128 Portuguese …. 342 285,000 33,290 Belgian ……. 8,561,545 Spanish …… . 13,328,601 1,012 221,000 16,582 .. Italian …….. 1,678,846 22 1,399 834 2,534,814 International 33 3,110 1,226 51,000 Independent … 26,070,932 16 20 392 627 81,300 3,310 fields. David Livingstone, dying upon his knees, 146,802,537 7,592 6,090,361 2 38,448 is forever the symbol of a church sustained in The impact of the European powers has had many an hour of persecution and difficulty by tremendous repercussions in Africa. The recent divine power. Madagascar, Nigeria, Uganda and centenary (1933) of the abolition of slavery in South Africa show the most remarkable progress. the British dominions is a reminder of a hundred The tragedy of North Africa is its vanished years of steady transformation. Native opinion Church. That Church was without an equal in in the south has been profoundly stirred over the Christendom from the second century to the fifth.

color bar legislation. In other parts of the conti- Even in the fifth century, though already in denent the years since the War have seen an increas- cline, it still numbered over 500 dioceses. Its decay ing sense of trusteeship among foreign govern- was due to three significant things: The Scrip- ments, which, however, has received a severe blow tures were never given to the great Berber nation in recent days. Governments have dealt more ade- in their own tongue, the missionary spirit graduquately with educational and social problems. ally faded away, and the Church itself ceased to Four-fifths, however, of the education of the Afri- be truly indigenous and became dominated by can is still in the hlmds of missions. In social Greek and Latin theologians. Therefore it de- clined, and the Moslem invasion of the seventh 1 The British (and the Dutch) have been the only Protestant colo- century completely destroyed it. The Coptic nizing powers in the continent, and it may be seen how predominantly the Protestant Church is established in those territories where 3 This does not include the Coptic Church of Abyssinia and Egypt they have held or still hold sway. Comment is needless. or European Christians scattered over Africa.

2 This number (1936) is now 7,904,514.

[ 455]

Church of Egypt, however, which had given the does the evangelization of the land of Simon of people the Bible, survives to this day. Cyrene hang!

Throughout the Dark Ages and until today the A few years ago, out of the population of thir- Moslem has been the religious dictator of North teen million in Egypt there were nearly a million Africa. The Crusades did not shake him, and Coptic Christians, 66,000 Protestants, and 117,000 almost the only missionary was the lonely but un- Roman Catholic and Uniat Christians. The daunted Raymond Lull, martyred in Algeria in Christian population chiefly resides in upper 1315, and who ever was true to his own motto, Egypt. Between Cairo and the Mediterranean, "He who loves not, lives not." The millions of among six million people, there are only one-quarthese regions still unevangelized remain a per- ter of the Protestant Christians. The Coptic petual challenge to the Christian Church. If to Church is one of the ancient Christian churches, this be added the other Moslem populations of very similar to the Greek Orthodox. Since the Africa, we are faced with almost half the total British occupation of Egypt (1914) the Copts population for the most part still unreached by have mingled much more freely with the Mosthe Evangel. lems, and not a few have gone over to Islam. The Coptic Church does not view with favor the work The partition of North Africa 4 began in 1830, of Protestant missionaries. The Moslems number when Algiers fell to the French, who today govern ninety-one per cent of the population of Egypt. Tunis and the Protectorate of Morocco also. Spanish Morocco is relatively small. Italian Trip- There are about 440 missionaires and 20 misoli and Cyrenaica are vast, but sparsely populated. sionary societies in the country. Forty per cent French administration has been enlightened and of the missionary force is in Cairo, and there are thorough, but it has not helped to solve the reli- 33 other missionary residential centers. Much gious problem. Illiteracy throughout North Africa evangelism' has been carried on among the Copts amounts to about ninety per cent among the men, since 1859, and a very large part of the Protestant and is almost universal among the women. Church has been built up from among them. Progress among Moslems' has been exceedingly Roman Catholic Christianity in North Africa slow, but the present situation is viewed hopefully. does not really assist the Moslem to accept Christ; Many social and educational reforms are being its ceremonies and images are foreign to him. carried out in the country today, but there are Protestant missions, most of which are interde- powerful elements which view with apprehension nominational, were started about fifty years ago. any weakening of the traditional Moslem position Their work is threefold: that among the Jews, and prestige. of whom in Tunis and Algiers alone there are over 200,000; that among the European colonists, Turning to East Africa,5 let us consider the French, Spanish and Italian, in some cases also situation in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.6 The numerous; and, finally, that among Moslems. River Nile is the unifying highway of the Sudan. The tribes have no affinity, either racially or tem- Work among Moslems has been, and is extraor- peramentally, with the peoples of Egypt. The dinarily difficult. The number of missionaries country is today experiencing a new development. considerably outnumber the number of converts. The future, in the material sense, would seem In Morocco, for example, out of six and one-half promising for the Sudanese. As for the Christian million persons, five and one-quarter million live Church, there are about 100 missionaries and sevoutside the centers of missionary occupation. eral thousand communicants. Six provinces with Evangelization does not really depend upon more a population of over 1,200,000 are practically unforeign missionaries, but upon the sacrificial touched. There has recently been considerable prayer of Christians everywhere and the emer- progress in numbers and influence, and in Bible gence of Spirit-filled indigenous evangelists. The translation, and in the pagan parts of the south work must be largely that of men, but at present many have been pressing into the Kingdom. Conwomen workers predominate. Of the total work- siderably more than half the population is pagan, ers in Morocco, three-quarters are women. For and only the few mission stations oppose the onthose who know the constitution of Moslem society ward march of Islam. The southern Sudan may this needs no comment. well be one of the desperate battlegrounds of the future between Christianity and Islam. The occupation of the field, too, is unequal. In all Tripoli and Cyrenaica there is only one medi- Abyssinia, or Ethiopia, has a population of from cal missionary-in Tripoli city. The Italian gov- eight to ten millions, of which probably one-half ernment had put severe restrictions on religious are pagan and the remainder equally divided beliberty. Two very small groups of Italian believers have been organized. On such small threads 6 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Abyssinia, Somaliland, Eritrea, Kenya, Tanganyika (area, 2,267,708 square miles; population, 25,727,684; 4 Modern Populations: Tangier, 51,000; Spanish Morocco, 720,273 ; density, 11.3). French Morocco, 4,500,000; Algeria, 6,553,451; Tunis, 2,410,692; Lybia, 719,663; E'gypt, 14,217,864. • Area, 1,008,100 square miles; population, 5,728,551.

PROGRESS AND CHALLENGE IN AFRICA

tween Islam and the Abyssinian Church. The over two million Moslems, but many think that the last few years saw a great advance in the work number of real disciples is not more than 300,000. of Protestant missions. A new spirit among the What is certain, however, is the rapid superficial priesthood, a general readiness to hear the Gos- increase. Roman Catholicism is represented by pel, and the printing and publishing of the New about 700 workers and 200,000 Catholics. It is Testament by the government press were out- pursuing an active and aggressive policy, greatly standing facts. This progress has been arrested hampering the work of Protestant missions. meanwhile, and it is not known what the future of Protestant missions will be. Missionary work There are 13 Protestant missions and a Chrisdates from 1830, and before the recent war there tian community of 125,826. The German miswere eight societies, with a staff of about 200 sions, excluded in the Great War, were permitted missionaries. to return in 1925. Probably the areas of least progress are in the Eastern and Western prov- This will remain for long a very needy area and inces. The former borders the Indian Ocean, must be included in the unevangelized area of and among its half million people there are under Africa. Missions may be able to continue their 1,500 Protestant Christians. The latter lies along work in cooperation with the Waldensian Prot- Lake Tanganyika. The Lake Province, the most estant Church of Italy, which views with sym- populous, contains a large number of unevangelpathy and concern the condition of the Evangeli- ized tribes. It is important to note that no defical Christian communities in Ethiopia today. nite steps have yet been taken for the evangeliza- tion of the Moslem populations. Eritrea (Italian) and the SomaIilands (British, French, and Italian) are grouped around Abys- The history of West Africa 10 has been marred sinia in the "horn" of Africa. The population, by slavery. Slavery is still said to survive in which is Moslem, is small.7 Moslem bigotry pre- Liberia. Missions and governments are now desents special difficulties in the way of missionary voting all their energies to native interests. Islam work. Only in Italian territory has evangelism has made great inroads from the North. In many actually been carried on by the National Evan- villages, formerly pagan, the call of the muezzin gelical Missionary Society of Sweden. This work floats from the minaret. Yet the Church has has now been suspended. made much progress, particularly in British ter- ritory. In British West African colonies there are Kenya 8 is a young country. Thirty years ago some 252,000 Christians, and in Nigeria nearly a Nairobi, the capital, was an experiment in tin million. All this ground has been won at great shacks; today it is an up-to-date city. Its high- sacrifice, in the loss of missionaries by sickness lands are suitable for white settlers. The difficul- and in the sufferings and persecutions of the naties between them and the natives have been tive Christians in the past. greatly exaggerated, and even the trouble with the natives over the discovery of gold in 1932-33 has The task of Africa's evangelization is not only been satisfactorily settled. There are eleven mis- that of the foreign missionary. The Church has sionary societies in the colony, and much progress not been without its own leaders, and in more rehas been made. The territory is fairly divided cent times "prophets" have arisen here and there. between these bodies, and the unoccupied fields Some of these have been men of little worth, but are to be found mainly in the north where, how- one deserves more than a passing reference. The ever, the population is not dense. Work has re- "prophet" Harris was a Liberian of the Grebo cently been begun in these regions. The unhealthy tribe. As a young man of twenty-one he felt the regions of the coast have still many neglected call of the Holy Spirit. Of his early years of groups. In the west the influence of the great ministry little is known; but in 1913, when he work that has been done among the tribes of was about sixty, he came to the Ivory Coast, and Uganda has been strongly felt. God began then to use him in a remarkable way. His message was simple, his life apostolic, and he Since 1920 Tanganyika Territory 9 has been ad- was undoubtedly taught of God. A Bible and a ministered by Great Britain under a mandate of bamboo cross were the insignia of his mission. the League. The administrative reconstruction of His converts on the Ivory Coast are variously the region has been carried out with special ref- reckoned up to a 100,000. Persecution fell on the erence to the welfare of the native peoples, and Christians, but the majority refused to comproseeks to stimulate native authority. A living issue mise. Harris himself was deported in 1915 to in the religious field is the progress of Islam. Liberia, where he later died. Zanzibar and the East African coast are almost completely Islamized. The last census records Nothing was known of this to the missionaries at this time. Strange stories came to them of a 7 Eritrea, 621,776; Somalilands: British, 344,70'0; French, 68,965; Italian, 1,010,815; Island of Socotra (British), 12,000, 10 French, British (InclUding Nigeria), Spanish and Portuguese territory and Liberia: Area, 2,458,745 square miles; population, 8 Area, 224,960 square miles; population, 3,091,064; density, 13,5. 42,432,017; density, 17.3.

o Area, 366,632 square miles; population, 5,022,640; density, 13.7.

work in the interior which passed human analysis, are only one or two stations. Most of the mission- of fetishes destroyed by thousands, of churches ary effort in the vast stretches of the interior is which had never seen a missionary. When in- very recent. The Christian and Missionary Alli- quiry was made it became clear "that right along ance has taken a considerable share in pioneering, the Ivory Coast, and up into the interior, there but the six societies in this large region today had been such a mass movement as had never been have only 30 stations. French West Africa is, to heard of in the history of modern missions." a large extent, still spiritually destitute.

With all its inadequacies-and they were many- Of the population of the interior fully forty per here was a stirring in the African soul which cent are Moslems. The most important tribes are came from God. In recent years the Methodist probably the Fulani and the Mosai, numbering Missionary Society has taken over the care of about two million. In the past the Fulani influ- large numbers of the "Harris Christians." ence has been the stronger, and they were the A few figures must suffice to describe the situa- chief bearers of Islamic culture. On the great tion in West Africa today. Let us take British bend of the Niger stands Timbuktu, long since territory first.ll Nigeria ranks third in popula- shorn of her former glories. West and north in tion in the Empire, after India and Great Britain. the desert live the Veiled Folk, the Tuaregs, once Of the 899,000 12 Christians of Nigeria, 188,000 perhaps a Christian people. Wide indeed is the are Roman Catholics. The enormous majority of field here and vast the task to be undertaken!

the Christian community is in the Southern prov- In Spanish 14 and Portuguese15 territory in inces, nearly 700,000 coming from the lbo, West Africa there is a small work on the Cape Yoruba, and Ibibio groups alone. The north is Verde Islands and a station is projected in Portu- less occupied, and here Islam is strong. Christian guese Guinea.

schools in the south enroll 176,886 scholars and The independent state of Liberia is about the in the north, 5,969. Moslem school enrollment in size of England, and is a member of the League the north is 183,374, and in the south nil. of Nations. It was founded in 1822 by liberated The Northern provinces are of great interest. slaves from the United States, who were assisted Roughly seven and one-half millions are Moslems by American philanthropists. Today there are and about four millions pagans. Up to 1901 there about 10,000 Americo-Liberians, 60,000 others was only one mission station established; now who are civilized and also use English, and about ten societies are at work, reaching over 160 tribes, 200,000 who are partly civilized. The remainder totaling some 3,000,000 souls. What is needed is of the estimated population of a million are il- not so much the advent of new bodies, but the ex- literate. Many missions, mostly American, have tension of existing work. The unreached popula- worked in the republic, and the Christian commu- tion is mostly in the Mohammedan emirates. For nity is over 30,000. This is practically confined a long time, evangelization was prohibited in these to the English-speaking population. Very little is areas by the government, but this prohibition is being done to reach the population of the interior, now removed. On the whole the outlook is en- and the state of many of the existing churches is couraging; in 1932 the whole Bible was published very low. One authority writes: "There is no in Hausa, one of the most widely spoken languages vision, no discipline, no authority in the churches."

of West Africa. Four stations have recently been opened in the As for other British territories: In Gambia hinterland, and the churches are being encour- there are some 2,000 Christians; in Sierra Leone, aged to support themselves and to evangelize their about 40,000; in the Gold Coast, 200,000; and in fellow countrymen.

British Togoland, about 10,000. The hinterlands The Union of South Africa presents many prob- of all these territories are still largely unoccupied lems. In the provisional census of 1936 there by missions. were over 6,529,784 Bantu, 755,282 "colored," and French West Africa 13 is an immense territory, 215,529 Asiatics. Europeans numbered 1,979,390.

equal in area to India. Of the 60,000 Christians, The native population has increased by thirty-nine 45,000 are in the Ivory Coast, the fruits of the per cent since 1921. Afrikaans has become the long unknown labors of the "prophet" Harris. common language.

Nearly all the remainder are in the coastal ter- The Bantu are unquestionably a people with a ritory of French Togoland and Dahomey. In great future, and today they are combining with.

Mauretania there is no work, and in Senegal there the "colored" folk in defense of their rights.

About 2,000,000 are still living the tribal life. The 11 Nigeria, 91,928,171; Gambia, 20'0,000; Sierra Leone, 1,768,479; present land policy, as seen in the allocation of re- Gold Coast, 3,040,446; Togoland, 293,714. 12 Census, 1931. serves to the natives, has not given very satisfac- 13 Population: Mauretania, 323,819; Senegal, 1,584,273; French 14 Rio de Oro and Adrar, 495,000; Ifni, 20,000. Sudan, 2,853,655; Upper Volta, 3,000,243; Niger Territory 15 Portuguese Guinea, 364,929; Cape Verde Islands, 153,70'0. 1.542,714; French Guinea, 2,236,968; Ivory Coast, 1,866,316: Togoland, 750,065; Dahomey, 1,112,000.

PROGRESS AND CHALLENGE IN AFRICA

tory results. Of the acute race problem and the of missions followed, and today there is a Protescolor bar legislation all that can be said here is, tant Christian community of over 120,000. The that nothing would so much contribute to its solu- Presbyterian work has grown steadily and has retion as a deep and widespread revival movement. sulted in the formation of a Central African Na- tive Presbyterian Synod. It is interesting to note The leading church among the whites is the that, in contrast with Rhodesia, Islam has spread Dutch Reformed, with nearly a million adherents. widely in Nyasaland, the Moslem population being A very large number of denominations and mis- reckoned at 73,000. sions work among the Bantu and colored peoples; and this "fragmentation" from abroad is outdone Portuguese East Africa 20 lies adjacent to by native enthusiasm. "Separatist" movements Nyasaland and South Africa. There are large are many and frequent. In Johannesburg alone stretches of entirely unoccupied territory in the there are said to be 121 denominations among North, for the missions are almost all in the South. African Christians, and in 1932 Professor Brookes Special conditions attend missionary work in these compiled a list of 326 native sects. Notwithstand- Portuguese colonies which need careful study being this, there has been much real progress. About fore new work is begun. There are about 20,000 2,500,000 Bantus are Christians, and there are Protestant Christians in the colony. some 40,000 Bantu workers. In some churches Bantus have a large share in church government.16 In the history of African missions few stories are so stirring as that of Madagascar. The Lon- A,r,eain Popula- Density Protes- don Missionary Society founded a station there in tion 1818, and the witness rapidly spread. By 1834 Sq. Miles 48.8 tants there were 30,000 pupils in its schools. Then ter- 571,600 0.5 rible persecutions fell upon the Christians. Mis- Basutoland ….. 11,716 160,000 140,000 sionaries were driven out. Men and women were Bechuanaland … 275,000 123,320 18.3 16,000 slain by the spear, hurled over precipices, sawn Swaziland …… 6,704 27,000 asunder, burned in the fire, or sold to slavery. And yet persecution stimulated the growth in Basutoland and Swaziland are, relatively speak- numbers, so that by 1861, on the death of the cruel ing, the most occupied regions of Africa, while queen, the Christians had increased tenfold. At substantial progress has been made in Bechuana- last in that year freedom was proclaimed.

land. The reconstruction began in 1861, and the work Southwest Africa 11 is administered by the has continued ever since. Difficulties have been many, but the triumphs have been an abundant Union under a mandate of the League of Nations. reward. Widespread and rapid church building Of vast size, but very sparsely populated, it is one has been a keynote of the work. In one period of of the most fully occupied mission fields of Africa. ten years since the war over a thousand new Christians number 85,000, of whom about 10,000 churches were organized. Today there are some are Roman Catholics. There are 381 missionaries 720,000 Protestant Christians.21 More than oneper million people, or 910 when Roman Catholics third of the total number of churches in Africa are found in this island. are included. Rhodesia 18 is a vast territory, as yet thinly Any reference to Central Africa may well begin with Uganda.22 A long line of remarkable names populated. The pacification and evangelization of marks the progress of the Gospel there. H. M. the natives, together with the colonization of the Stanley, the explorer; Alexander Mackay, the country, forms one of the romances of African pioneer; Hannington, the martyred bishop; Pildevelopment. Today the administration faces kington, the brilliant linguist; and many others questions of land, color, and industrialization, but are among them. When King M'tesa heard from it has the experiences of South Africa from which the first Church Missionary Society missionaries to learn. The number of African Christians in the name of Jesus, of whom Stanley had previ- Southern Rhodesia is only 86,000, of whom nearly ously spoken to him, he caused a salute to be fired 30,000 are Roman Catholics. In N·orthern Rhodesia the total is 142,000, and of these somewhat .0 Portuguese East Africa: Area, 297,657 square miles; populamore than half adhere to the Roman communion. As there are 14 missionary societies in the North tion, 3,995,831. and 15 in the South, there is no call for additional organizations. The evangelization of the country ., Roman Catholic adherents number 460,000. It is worth noting awaits the extension of the e~isting work and the that the Comoro Islands (population, 130,253), adjacent to Madagasgrowth of the missionary spirit among the Afri- car, are unoccupied.

can Christians. Reunion (French): Population, 197,933. The population Is Roman The land around Lake Nyasa 19 :was first ex- Catholic. There is no Protestant work.

plored by David Livingstone. The establishment Seychelles (British): Population, 27,786. Two missions are at work. 16 Basutoland, Bechuanaland and .swaziland are native protectorates. Mauritius (British): Population, 400,904. Christians number 122,836, of whom only 5,345 are Protestant. 11 Area, 322,394 square miles; population, 273,876; density, 0.8. 22 Uganda: Area, 94,204 square miles; population, 3,584,758. 18 Northern and Southern Rhodesia: Area, 438,744 square miles; 1.population, 2,502,340; denSity, 5.6. Nyasaland: Area, 37,596 square miles; population, 1,609,915.

for joy. Under M'wanga, his son, the Church was spiritual desert, and around them a thirsty land baptized with fire, but stood firm. The threat of where many tribes know nothing of the Light.26 Islam and tbe strife with Roman Catholicism were challenges she was called on increasingly to meet. Remarkable progress has been made in Angola27 But today the Church of Uganda is a mighty (Portuguese West Africa) jn the face of many Church. There are well over half a million Chris- difficulties. One mission alone witnessed 900 tians today, and, although there is some discrep- church members increase to 9,000 between 1921 ancy in statistics from different sources, they seem and 1931, and there are today eleven missions to be about equally divided between Evangelicals with 240 missionaries at work in 51 centers. and Roman Catholics. Catholics in the same decade increased from 77,000 to nearly 300,000. Yet both in the North- Belgian Congo23 is a vast territory, nearly east and South of the colony there are populous eighty times the area of the home country, but tribes and large areas still untouched. The Protwith a relatively small population. Its past has estant Christian community numbers 240,000, of been melancholy, but today roads traverse its ter- whom nearly 3,000 are Christian workers. ritory, mines penetrate its ground, and the government is making increasing provision for the The whole situation today in Africa may be welfare of its native peoples. The jubilee of Prot- summed up briefly. The Roman Catholic populaestant missions in the Congo was celebrated in tion of Africa amounts to about 4,304,222, in the 1928, and the picture was a very different one proportion of 4 to North Africa, 22 to Central from that of the days when George Grenfell con- and West, 8 to East, and 9 to South. The Protstructed his little steamer, the Peace, with his own estant population is 5,638,252, in the proportion hands, the two Scotch engineers having died be- of 0.5 to the North, 18 to Central and West, 2.5 fore reaching Kinshasa. Today there are some to East, and 35 to South Africa. From this it 43 societies with about 900 missionaires in this will be seen that the Catholics are strongest in the field, and between 1920 and 1930 church members Central, East and West, and the Protestants in increased from 55,000 to over 200,000. Many un- the South. The Christians number 10,000,000 or evangelized regions still remain, but they consti- about 7 per cent of the total population. This is tute a challenge to existing bodies rather than a 1 to every 14 people, which may be compared with call for new missions. Catholics are variously China proper, where there is 1 to 500 people, or estimated from half a million to two million, and India, where there is 1 to every 56 people. There the sudden growth and influence of Catholic mis- are over three times as many missionaries to every sions is seriously embarrassing the evangelization million people in Africa as compared with India, of the colony. but, owing to its large area, only one-seventh the number to each 1,000 square miles. Out of Ruanda Urundi/4 with its small area and dense Africa's 65 territories, 42 are inadequately occupopulation, became a mandated territory of Bel- pied, 23 are adequately occupied, but 15 of these gium after the War. A Belgian mission has taken are excessively occupied if 1 missionary to 20,000 up part of the former work of the German mis- people per 1,000 square miles be taken as the sions, and the Church Missionary Society has been standard. extending its work southwards from Uganda. With the addition of two or three small Protestant Whereas there are 15 missionaries to the milmissions this is the extent of Protestant effort in lion people north of 10° N., there are 148 south one of the least occupied areas of Africa. The of 10° S., and between 10° N. and 10° S. there Roman Catholic missions are making great prog- are 50. The missionary occupation is, therefore, ress and aim to capture the whole area. very unequal, being three times more in the South than in Equatorial Africa, about 10 times more in French Equatorial Africa and Cameroon 25 to- the South than in the North. gether comprise an enormous area of over a million square miles with a scattered population. It The same is true of the distribution of the stretches from the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan to Lake Christians, who are in the proportion of 146 in the Chad, from Libya to the Belgian Congo. Only South to 28 in equatorial regions and 1 in North in the south (Gabon and Cameroon) are missions Africa. at all well established, and even there much remains to be done. For the rest a few lonely pio- These facts reveal at a glance the regions of neer stations appear on the map as oases in the greatest need, and should determine all plans for the evangelizafion of Africa. 23 Belgian Congo: Area, 918;000 square miles; population, 9,485,091. 2. Rio Muni and F'ernando Po are Spanish colonies. Rio Muni: Area, 10,036 square miles; population, 140,000; 2< Ruanda Urundi: Area, 20,550 square miles; population, density, 13.9. 3,500,000. Fernando Po: Area, 795 square miles; population, 23,846; density, 29.9. 2r. Area, 1,078,538 square miles; population, 5,477,236. The Methodist mission works in Fernando Po and a live develop- ing work exists in Rio Muni under the American Presbyterians.

27 Angola: Area, 323,295 square miles; population, 4,141,730,

PROGRESS AND CHALLENGE IN AFRICA

South Africa is fully occupied, and for our pur- Sudan call for reinforcements, and on the West, pose has ceased to be a foreign mission field. The Belgian Congo and French West Africa, owing to activities of its 3,547,892 Christians should cover their large areas, are still very needy. the unreached sections of the population, which should be regarded as their home mission field. The great Moslem countries of North Africa must still be considered as the most needy part Basutoland and Swaziland, which fall within of Africa. this area, are excessively occupied as mission fields. The first has 67 missionaries to 571,600 British territory, owing to greater facilities people, of whom 136,332 are Christians; the sec- available, is now probably adequately occupied, ond has 80 missionaries to 123,320, of whom and attention should increasingly be given to the 25,818 are Christians. Southwest Africa is in territories of the French, Portuguese and Belgian much the same position with 105 missionaries to colonies till these also are evangelized. 267,905 people, of whom 73,412 are Christians. Bechuanaland, with 17 missionaries to 160,000, This in a word is a bird's-eye view of that great and 15,200 Christians is too well provided for. continent which only sixty years ago was indeed the Dark Continent, but which today is well on A move northwards of a large number of the its way to becoming the most enlightened of all. foreign missionaries to the unoccupied regions of The great cleavage at the heart of the enterprise Portuguese territory, East and West, to Ruanda between Roman Catholics and Protestants casts a Urundi seems called for. The Rhodesias, Mada- dark shadow over the landscape, but the virility gascar, and Nyasaland are probably as well occu- of African Christianity and its power to organize pied as the situatian calls for. On the East, itself along its own indigenous lines promises well Tanganyika, Abyssinia, and the Anglo-Egyptian for the future when Africa shall have become, as it certainly will, a Christian continent.

ST. PAUL'S CATHE'DRAL. MENGO, UGANDA, LOOKING EAST (See page 478)

African View of Indigenous

Religions * By DONALD G. S. M'TIMKULU New Haven, Conn.

To THE ordinary man who has heard about same way as I would behave to my own brothers . Africa the phrase, "African religions," con- and sisters. In this way the family circle is ex- jures up a confused mass of superstitions and ceedingly increased, and the kindred are bound curious beliefs which seem to him very childish, together in a very close and intimate way. In if not entirely foolish. To some it might even most African societies, however, preference is seem like straining the connotation of the term given to one set of kin at the expense of another; unduly to call this hotchpotch religion. It is not L e., either to the mother's people or to the fa- necessary here to prove that suclJ. opinions are ther's people. This is the basis of the clan, or sib, the results of generalizations based on very inade- which is a strong group of people claiming to be quate data. Those who have tried to understand intimately related either on the mother's side or the Africans and to see life as they see it have on the father's side.

found that they possess not only well developed The clan is not only the most important group religious systems, but a religion which enters far in the African kinship system, but also the pri- more into their day by day conduct than is the mary religious group. Since all members of the case among the peoples of the West. clan are linked together through their ancestors, In spite of the vast expanse of Africa and the the ancestors come to take a most important place variation in cultural features presented by its peo- in the life of the group. They founded the clan, pIes, it is still possible to speak of the country as gave it life and made it what it is. The present a whole, on account of a number of fundamental generation, therefore, owes all that it has to those principles which underlie the social structure of who have gone beyond. The ancestors are thus the whole of tribal Africa. This is particularly as much a part of the clan as the living; they. are true of the Bantu tribes, and it is with the religion as interested in its welfare as those who still walk of these peoples that I mean to concern myself in thIs earth. For, according to African belief, "the this paper. dead are not lost to society, they are merely in- A great part of the religious life of the African itiated into another part of the society, the spir- centers round the worship of ancestors, but such itual unseen part." Thus the clan with its begin- a statement needs some elucidation. To under- nings far in the dim past can only make secure stand truly what the cult of ancestors means to provision for the future by consulting and work- the African we must probe deeper into his social ing in harmony with those whose wisdom is un- background. The social and economic unit in doubted, and who now can tap sources of power Africa is the individual family. To bind the fami- which are not available to mortal man. The es- lies together in a larger social unit, the intimate sence of ancestor worship lies in the effort on the and binding family ties are extended outside the part of the living, by various acts of remem- immediate family. .For instance, my father's brance, to maintain friendly relations with those brothers are my fathers; I call them so, and I, who are now of the spirit world, and thus to se- behave to them in the same general way that I dq cure their help and guidance.

to my own father. Similarly, my mother's sisters True enough, fear enters into the worship of are my mothers, and their children are my sisters ancestors, the fear of consequences that will fol- and brothers; I behave to them in exactly tlie low any failure_ on the part of the living to per- • Donald G. S. M'Timkulu Is the son of a well-known Methodl'st form their pious duties. But we would be greatly' in error if we assumed that the religious motive in pastor in Durban, South Africa. He received his high school education at Adams Mission and at Lovedale before proceeding to Fort faenacre.stoTrhewoArfsrhicipanisreaallll ysupmutm' s ehdIS up in the word Hare College, where he received his B.A. in 1927, securing a "double trust in the anfirst" In English and ethics. On the strength of this he was awarded cest ors, and h"IS f al"th I"S a 1IV""lng everyday fal"th" a university scholarship (the first of his race) to read for his M.A. The Afr"Ican a1so be1 lev"es"In a great "Sp"lrItua1 (English), which he received in 1931. Since then he has been power, a Supreme Being, more or less personified, teaching at the Healdtown Missionary Institution in the Cape Province and at Adams College in Natal, where he is now head of the high school department. He was editor of the (Jape African Teach– e,rs' Association Journal until his resignation to come over to Yale University, where he now holds a FellOWShip in Race Relations.

[462 ] who made the world and created all living things, illness by manipulating the all pervasive "Pobut has since had no direct dealings with man. tence" against him. For the African believes that Now and again one may hear his angry mutter- some people are able by long training to make use ings in the roar of the thunderstorm, as he hurls of this spiritual power in the universe either for forth his thunderbolts at some individual who has good or for evil. This is the basis of the Afriangered him. can's belief in witchcraft and the efficacy of charms. For to protect myself against the machi- Among some of the southeastern tribes, how- nations of the wizard, I must have some object in ever, he is regarded as a great chief of the spirit which is concentrated a stronger power than that world, Unkulunkulu (the greatest of the great), which the wizard can direct against me. Without who is so great that ordinary men cannot ap- this I am at the mercy of my enemies. Thus the proach him for any favors. Amongst these tribes African has ever haunting him this fear of unseen the ancestral spirits have come to be regarded as powers working around him, and perhaps against mediators at the court of the Great Chief. Those him; for this reason he clings tenaciously to his who were great in this life, the chiefs, are much witch doctor, who is the only man who can give more likely to be in the inner circles of the Great him sufficient protection to make life worth living. One, and thus can do more for the people by pleading with the Great One in the traditional manner Let us next consider how far these beliefs and that marks the successful and polished councillor. practices are influencing the lives of native Chris- In times of calamity, therefore, the spirits of the tians in Africa. While it is no doubt true that the greatest chiefs of the tribe are invoked to help form that the Christian Church in Africa will ultheir children and save them from disaster. These timately take depends, in the last analysis, on ceremonies are always conducted by the para- what the Africans themselves make of it, it is mount chief of the tribe, in whom, by reason of none the less also true that Christian Africans his birth, is concentrated the highest spiritual must accept the fundamentals of Christianity unpower man can have, and who is the recognized diluted, as it were, if they are going to live Christintermediary between the people and their most like lives. As Archbishop Temple says, it is futile powerful spirits. The power of the chief, there- to consider whether the message of the Gospel fore, is based ultimately on religious sanctions. suits the African or not. If the Gospel is true, He is not merely the political head but the high then it is true for all men, be they black or white. priest of the tribe, and thus the dependence of the If one, however, is thinking of Christianity mere- African on his chief is a very real one. ly as a drug for the curing of social diseases, then one might well ask if it suits the African. If, on Apart, however, from this belief in a first cause, the other hand, Christianity is a Way of Life for the Africans believe in a Potence, an Energy, that all men, then we must recognize the fact that is imminent in all things, intangible and yet all- there are certain fundamental beliefs and points pervasive. While drawing itself into a focus in of view in African religion which are incompatible certain objects, it is, at the same time, sensitive with the Christian spirit. These must be shed, if to human conduct, so that irregularities in the Christianity is to mean anything for the African. world of men react immediately on the world of nature. In African societies, as Mrs. Hoernle While thousands of true and fervent Christians says, "events in the world of nature are inter- are to be found in most parts of Africa, it is neverpreted entirely from the point of view of their in- theless a fact that for many other thousands fluence on the life of the society; the world of Christianity is no more than a veneer, a top dressnature and the world of man are one, changes in ing, which peals off just when it is most needed. the world of man are inevitably accompanied by In the real crises of life they turn to their beloved changes in the world of nature, and vice versa, ancestors in whom they still have the utmost faith, and the laws governing the one world are con- although outwardly adopting the forms of the ceived of as being the same in the other." If, for Christian religion. Many a Christian family when instance, the harvest is poor, it is because the in trouble will secretly sacrifice a beast to appease proper rites have not been performed, or because the injured spirits, so that they may remove the someone has sinned or done wrong, and his wrong curse and establish friendly relations once more actions are somehow preventing things from tak- between the dead and the living. ing their proper course. There are other Christians, however, who have Because of this firm belief the African can definitely set their faces against the old tribal rites hardly conceive of anything happening naturally, and ceremonies; but this is about all they have i. e., uninfluenced by the actions of men, either liv- done. In these lives Christianity has only replaced ing or dead. If a man gets sick, for instance, his one set of taboos by another. This attitude has sickness is either the result of his neglect of some not been a little encouraged by the numerous customary ritual or some duty to the ancestors, "don'ts" which have formed the greater part of or else some evilly disposed person has caused the the "Christian message" of some missionaries.

The Christian in Africa has thus become a man the machinery of Western civilization, whose ex- who does not do a great number of things. The ponents are out to get as much as they can from African can understand such a religion, for it is the dark races.

just his old religion with the dire consequences On this account they have dubbed Christianity made a little less immediate. "the white man's religion," and they will have But the real persistent evil in the African Chris- none of it. This conviction is not lessened by the tian Church is that old belief in the powerful fact that many white missionaries identify their mystic forces of the universe which are ever ready strait-laced Christianity with Western civilization.

to do men harm at every turn. Accusations of The African is continually being told how lovely witchcraft and sorcery are not uncommon even in and beautiful everything is in the white man's our oldest mission stations. Venerable old preach- garden, and how weedy and ugly his own is in ers or deacons will tell you of one of their number comparison. The disillusionment that follows, of who keeps a baboon on which he rides out every course, is not very pleasant either for the mission- night to do his nefarious work. Many a fond ary or the African.

mother, for instance, will not dare to bring her The criticism of the unbrotherly attitude of the child to church for baptism, unless he has been white Christian gains more point when it is lev- thoroughly "doctored," lest the influence of some elled against the missionary himself. It is no other child who has been "doctored" cause a fis- doubt true that the spirit of Christian brother- sure in her child's skull which inevitably brings hood which characterized the life of the early mis- about his death. sionaries is slowly dying out. Social snobbery The old beliefs in witchcraft, therefore, are not and a certain irritating aloofness is not uncom- only still with us, but the practice of witchcraft mon among modern missionaries. In traveling is thriving under new forms showing an excellent round the mission stations one hears such signifi- adaptability to new conditions. Witch doctors cant remarks as this from the old people: "Oh, are doing a better trade today in the towns than we do not knock at the front door of the mission they ever did before. The old technique of try- house now, we have to go to the kitchen door."

ing to pooh-pooh these ideas and laugh them out One hears also of missionary teachers who fail to of court is futile. These beliefs are deep rooted recognize their fellow African teachers as soon as in the African, and now he not only feels he has they are outside the bounds of the mission station.

Biblical authority to support him, but also a fund These may seem like trivial considerations, but of anecdotes in which Christian ministers have they are just full of meaning for the African- been worsted in the fight against the wizard. The they are the straws in the wind. Is it any sur-, missionary, therefore, must concentrate on chang- prise, then, to find that the African in the older ing the African's unscientific view of the world. missionary fields is gradually losing his confidence "Nothing less will do than the gradual revelation in the white missionary?

of the complexity of the universe. Let the Afri- And yet all thinking Africans deplore this can once realize that the universe runs its course tendency; first, because it does not take into ac- by immutable laws which he cannot alter, and he count the great contribution that missionaries will be relieved of an incalculable burden of the have made and are making to African welfare.

spirit." Without this changed outlook the Chris- Second, and perhaps more important, is the fact tian missionary will be building his house on sand. that there is a danger that, with this loss of con- There is a new threat to the life of the Christian fidence in the white missionary, the African may Church in Africa, to which we now turn. In those also lose his hold on Christianity. For, as we parts of Africa where the natives come into very have sought to show, Christianity is still very close contact with the whites there is growing up, much of an exotic plant in Africa.

among some of the leaders of the people, a spirit The present tendency, therefore, among some of revolt against the Church. These men feel that missions to root Christianity in true native soil the Church is not living up to the spirit of Christ's has great possibilities for the future. For, it teaching in its attitude towards the race question. seems to me, the very highest ideal that missions They declare that color bars are rigidly enforced can hold for the future of Christianity in Africa even within the very precincts of God's house; in is the creation of a truly native church, "whose many churches the African clergy are merely the motivation will be emotional rather than mainly "boys" of their fellow white clergymen; some of intellectual, which will take cognizance of native the white men who stand high in the Church are psychic and mystic experience, whose forms and in no way different in their treatment of Afri- functions will be rooted in native life, background cans than any other white man. In these and in and environment, and whose leaders will be true many other ways, they declare, the Church has natives, integrally a part of the community and shown that even within its fold there is no broth- not mere preachers cut in the image of white mis- erhood for the black man. It is merely part of sionaries."

Gospel Among Primitive

By REV. JOHN S. HALL, I Sudan Interior Mission, Kaltungo, Nigeria 1)1- ~==========================~ THE country of the 40,000 Tangale-speaking to another man, that we may feast upon another people is in Nigeria, West Africa, inland one goat." Farthest reaching of baneful practices thousand miles northeast of Lagos, chief sea- was that of the parents, who threw the children of port of Nigeria, which is an important Protector- both sexes together for immoral purposes, all with ate of Great Britain and boasts a population of a view to enlisting the boys for labor on the farms twenty millions. The Tangales had their first of the girls' parents.

sight of the white man only thirty years ago, and A corresponding situation was to be found in their first contact with the Christian missionary the religious sphere. The Tangales' spiritual ten years later. The white ruler's advent ended heritage is cumbrous. Recognition is made of the a strange age-long cycle of seven years of inter- Supreme Being, Yamba, but no worship offered to tribal war alternating with seven years of peace, him. All shrines and altars are dedicated to other and ensured the gradual extirpation of cannibal- spiritual beings-demons, ancestors and haunting ism. Cloth was rare. Leaves sufficed for cover- human spirits. The primitives may not be so ing for the women, while the men used little cov- lacking in many things as superficial observers ering beyond occasionally wearing tanned hides say, claiming that they are without this, that and of animals hung by forelegs from the neck. the other, but omitting to observe that they have Their story is interesting, especially regarding powers that with us are dormant or dead. They Christian missions, and the fact that the condi- are, however, without the most satisfying and en- tions obtaining among them are typical of those nobling of human wants. For they have no hope among all primitive peoples. Illiteracy prevailed, and are "without God in the world." With no with the absence of books and the arts of reading books, they have not the Book, with its Messianic and writing. Their difficult and wonderful lan- light and life in prophecy and history. They are guage had only oral use. The world for them did without the dynamic of the preaching of the cross not exist beyond the extremities ofa fifty-mile and of the Spirit. The emotional reactions to the line, where heaven met earth and was upborne by spiritual environment are those of uncertainty strange, conveniently dwarfed beings around the and dread.

meeting line, holding sky-supporting sticks aloft. Sent by the Sudan Interior Mission, C. G.

With limited horizons of knowledge, the tribe Beacham and the writer settled among the Tan- moved as one man in a narrow orbit, unprogres- gales in February, 1917, and began to learn their sive, static. language. Three years later the Gospel of Luke There was that in their "moral" codes which, in Tangale was in print, published by the British without elevating or quickening the tribe, pre- and Foreign Bible Society. Successively, till served it as a unity, with a sturdy sense of iden- 1930, ten more books of the Old and New Testa- tity and independence. Marriage by uniform pur- ments were translated and in use in print, to- chase was recognized and was made honorable gether with the complete New Testament in by laws of legitimacy and inheritance. Laws ap- Tangale in manuscript. The British and Foreign plying to consanguinity and incest assisted in up- Bible Society undertook the cost of an edition of holding marriage and maintaining purity of tribal 2,000, so that the complete printed New Testa- stock. Over against these helpful things lay many ment in Tangale was in circulation in 1932. To antisocial habits. The bonds of marriage were date half of the edition has been sold, and as only uncertain, owing to the polygamous tendencies of readers, professing Christians, buy the book the men and women, and from easy temporary unions reading public in that once totally illiterate tribe and prevalent promiscuity. Illuminating is the amounts to a thousand, and the Lord's following prayer always made when the large goat from the reaches the same number.

bride-price payment was being eaten by the men School work, simply the teaching of reading of the maiden's hamlet in the sacred grove: "We and writing in the vernacular and of the Scrip- have just begun to eat her [i. e., the woman was tures, was begun only after two years. The en- an occasion of feasting]. Incline her soon to run rollment for a year thereafter was two. The next [465 ]

year it increased to three, and the following year by the young people themselves, who follow them. to eight. The enrollment now is 2,000. The first The Gospel was made for that kind of situation, seven years passed before any girls of the tribe where it can be trusted to be God's power unto came to school. Now the enrolled women and salvation. Moreover, the Africans can be trusted, girls nearly in number equal the men and boys. having "received Christ Jesus the Lord, to walk Of necessity at the first the teachers were the mis- in him, rooted and built up in him, and stablished sionaries. Now the teaching of reading and writ- in the faith, as … taught." To withhold from ing is left to the Christian natives, of whom one them that confidence or to make concessions to . hundred are 'under regular appointment to super- supposed weakness or peculiar wants injures and vise, in thirty-eight "schools," without remunera- slanders them and dishonors Christ and His Gos- tion. With a speeded-up farming schedule and a pel. The privilege and duty rather are, to uphold great saving of time formerly given to growing the New Testament demand and standard as re- much grain for beer, they follow their accus- gards purity and spirituality, together with an in- tomed farming, devote certain time to systematic tensive New Testament indoctrination. It is a Bible study and, with regulated substituting ar- senseless, heartless procedure to ask monogamy rangements, see to the manning of these teaching or one-until-death unions from people whose codes posts. . To evangelize farther outposts, ten mar- never included these conceptions, unless New ried couples in fellowship standing in the churches Testament doctrine and dynamic are intensively gave up home and farm and went where taking imparted and fully conveyed. Hence the Bible root afresh would be slow and toilsome, where schools, with their whole-church enrollment and privation would sometimes be their lot, and where systematic opening of the Scriptures. Hence the their only, but most glorious, reward would be magnifying of the church, the local assembly, as souls won for Christ. the school, the home of the saved community as a community, the sphere of mighty movings of God R. J. Campbell, in his Life of David Living- and the birthplace of saving outward movements stone, mentions the attraction his lantern lecture of wide reach. Hence, too, the simple and ex- was to the Africans, and adds that that was the clusive character of the mission's principles re- only Christian propaganda Livingstone was ever specting "education," with a nonsecular program asked to repeat. The Tangales have not yet seen and curriculum best fitting and generally lantern views. God's Word has been put into strengthening the believers for every spiritual their hands, and they have built two Bible schools and secular contact. where they gather to study the Scriptures. When we saw these buildings rise and asked, "What To an extent not always realized social pressure time will you give to the study?" the whole read- and safeguarding rules assist straight living any- ing, godly community of men and women enrolled where. In Tangale teaching is shaped and rules for regular attendance through nine months of framed to induce the right social pressure in the the year, every Monday and Tuesday mornings Christian society. Some of these rules are, that from 9 to 11, with daily sessions through a period boys may not meet with girls anywhere at night of four weeks twice a year. or in enclosed places, as huts, through the day; and that every Christian is responsible for rebuk- This spring we had the third of these four-week ing and reporting breaches of that rule and will periods in the two Bible schools, the average daily be held by the church as culpable as the offenders attendance being 525. The Epistle to the Hebrews if he does not meet this duty. Sense of personal was taught, with analytical outline, careful exe- and mutual responsibility and keenness of pergesis and application. Blackboard and notebooks sonal and social conscience are developed in this were used, and examinations given. The enthu- way. siasm and the mental and spiritual growth accom- panying that daily work within the cool, spacious In Tangale, as has been mentioned, the girls did grass-roofed buildings, with the high sun's heat not come to services or school until the seventh outside, cannot be computed or verbally conveyed. year of the work. The young men who came, Under what a spell the mystical Melchizedek held besides adjuring the practice of early sexual rela- these black students until, as they gave earnest tions, were taught to wait for domestic partners heed to argument, warning and entreaty, he to until they and the partners-to-be were baptized. their view dissolved into the Divine Prophet- Some did not wait; others did, and gave a noble Priest and they were strengthened and rejoiced lead. One of these first ones waited seven years to follow Him! "The Word to us is mother's from his first confessing Christ to gain a girl nurse," they cried. "Give us more; you stop too baptized one week before their marriage. An- soon! Hurry back!" other, a big muscular fellow who had waited five years from his first testimony, was similarly I have already alluded to the moral situation united then to a baptized Christian maiden. These created by parents in their handling of youth and

THE GOSPEL AMONG PRIMITIVE PEOPLES

weddings had profound effects; as from that time tian lives and their own Heaven-blessed home. the marrying age among believers advanced con- Then there is Shebu, who was living with an siderably, and the stability, security and satisfaction of marriages of baptized to baptized became unmarried woman and had a child by her. Both manifest. began to confess Christ through the testimony of a volunteer teacher. We said they should sepa- The case of one Shombo is interesting. He had rate and prove Christ singly, looking forward to two wives. They all heard the Gospel from an their Christian marriage duly. They stayed apart early convert. Shombo and his second wife, whom twenty months, were instructed and grew in grace he liked the better, came under conviction and and knowledge of Christ, then were baptized and began to confess Christ. They rightly reasoned came together through a Christian marriage. Shombo should have just one wife, and she the one first wedded, no matter that she seemed the THREE COUPLES IN CHRISTIAN MARRIAGE ON THEIR least attractive and had no heart for Christ. It WEDDING DAY. LAYUNGDUNG AND HER HUSBAND took a struggle, but they parted, and the young AT LEFT woman, Layungdung, went to live with her "problem" and her testimony at her brother's. After Glorious results followed in the domestic sphere. some days, finding her brother's wife vexatious, Shebu's mother, sister, two brothers, an aunt and she quarrelled with her, and she, her brother and a cousin all sought the Lord and were baptized. sister-in-law came together to us with their trou- The cousin and the sister have married Christian ble. We were from 7 p. m. till 1 a. m. smoothing men; the two brothers remain unmarried until it out. We counselled forbearance and forgive- they can be suited with baptized wives; Shebu's ness, which Layungdung thought too hard, but at boy, happily named Paul, is choosing wisdom's 12 : 45 a. m. we knelt together and praised God ways; a considerable group in Shebu's hamlet, for victorious grace. Layungdung returned and old and young, and among them an old blind lived with her brother and sister-in-law, till she woman, have been baptized. And Shebu and his saw them confessing Christ and, with herself, wife also serve Christ freely now in a needy out- post. baptized. Pagan men, who could not endure seeing a young woman unattached, pestered her for Christ's Gospel has given to a multitude in marriage, until all attempts ceased because it was Tangale newness of life, a new orientation of publicly known that they had failed. She was mind, soul, spirit and social life and habit. waiting God's time and for a baptized companion. God's time-though after two years-came, and also the companion, a young widower faithful in witness. And these two are one of the couples who, with their family, have sacrificially migrated with the Gospel to an outpost.

Shombo himself now loves his first little wife, who has received salvation and baptism. Both his mother, a former spiritist medium, and his influential seventy-five-year-old father are baptized and in the Church, as is also his younger brother. His children, also, two dear girls, are readers of the Word and happy confessors of Jesus. And in Shombo and his wife we have another couple who have given up all and have gone to an outpost, 20 miles distant, to serve souls with their Chris- A NATIVE EVANGELIST'S APPRECIATION "There are many things that tempt a servant have good chairs to sit on, not just boxes. As a of the Lord," said a native evangelist one Sunday rule they have good looking wives and children. in his preaching to the other evangelists. "For Often they have a horse or a bicycle, too, and yet us black people the spirit of pride is a great dan- with all this you cannot find any pride among ger. However, when I look at the white mission- them on this account. They are just as pleasant aries, then I can't help but thank God for them. and friendly. Yes, I have noticed that the more They may have two or three coats to put on and they have of such things, the more kind they are more than one pair of shoes. Sometimes they to share with us black natives."-Reported by L. have both a sun hat and an ordinary hat. They A. Tweiten, in The Missionary Broadcaster.

in Central

By REV. ANDREW MacBEATH, B.D. I Ii- Baptist Missionary Society, Bolobo, Belgian Congo THEY say that the darkest hour is just before locusts. We turned once again to the Book of the dawn. When things are at their very Joel and read of the locust hordes, and our read- worst we have the more reason to expect a ing took us on to the promise of the outpoured change for the better. January, 1935, certainly Spirit. Little did we realize how near the fulfilwas a dreary, almost a desperate, month in Bo- ment of the latter promise was. The floodtide of lobo, Belgian Congo. Our deacons had sought to blessing began to come in February. resign in a body, and the monthly communion service was suspended until some better under- A young carpenter in mission employ read a standing and confidence was established between little booklet, in the middle of 1934, which told of Sammy Morris, a Kru boy from Liberia, who the church members and their missionaries. Sus- traveled to America with a hungry, overmastering picion and bitter criticism were rife. How was desire to taste the full life that God offers in the it that things had reached this point of strain? Holy Spirit. The story of that boy's hunger for For several years our hearts were burdened the living God, and the brief but glorious course with the low spiritual level of our church fellow- he ran as a fervent evangelist to others, fired our ship. There were twelve hundred communicants, young carpenter's heart. He saw that God does but we felt that very little of sterling quality could not need to wait for worldly advantages of breedbe claimed for their Christian faith. Every ing, wealth or education. Wherever He finds a month a saddening list of names was read out, man ready to concentrate on God and give Him a the names of church members being suspended highway through his life, God has His chance. from fellowship because of some serious moral Our young carpenter brooded over giving God lapse. The white missionary who sought to know such a chance in his life.

the inner side of village life came to feel that there At Christmas a missionary pageant was prewas an impenetrable wall of secrecy which dea- pared by the school children, showing the condicons and deaconesses made it their business to tion of children in many lands. The lads from maintain in front of their white missionaries. At the Pastoral Traini:ng School represented scenes last, in October, 1934, a conference with native from the life of William Carey, showing his paschurch leaders was arranged. It was hoped that sion to take the Gospel to India. The theme song the frank interchange of opinion about the exist- around which the action was grouped was the ing state of things in the church would arouse missionary hymn, "Far, far away, in heathen them to a sense of their responsibility and fur- darkness dwelling." The effect of this missionary ther the cause of cooperation. From the very pageant on the soul of the young artisan dreaming beginning of that conference, the indigenous lead- dreams of serving God with all his powers was to ers met their missionaries in a spirit of antago- bring him to the point of crisis. During the weeks nism. A questionnaire had been prepared to of January an intense inward conflict developed.

stimulate their reflection on some of the unsatis- He dreamed of making Christ known to the farfactory elements in our church life, elements of off heathen, but God told him first to be reconciled evil which quite paralyzed the effectiveness of our to his own father. The struggle robbed him of witness among the heathen. Instead of giving sleep, but he could get no peace until, down on his calm or prayerful thought to the questions at face with tears he promised to buy his father a issue, church leaders and church members turned blanket as a reconciliation present as soon as dayround and told their missionaries some of their light came. The flood of joy that burst over the outstanding failings. young man's heart, once he had given up his con- After that conference three more months troversy with God, knew no bounds. passed, the road winding "uphill all the way." Meanwhile the situation in the church had been Then in January came the ultimatum of resignation from the deacons in a body. And in the end growing almost desperate. To make confusion worse confounded, swarms of locusts were all of January our district was invaded by hordes of around us, wearing us out with the effort to keep [468 ] them from alighting on our gardens. And then The preacher, exhibiting the dinner knives and the young carpenter asked permission to speak in later showing the absurdity of toiling away with public. He was given permission, but the experi- a mere ax head in the hands, showing too the long ence of which he tried to tell was too great for wooden handle inserted in the ax head that enhim. He could not articulate the story. At his sures swift and powerful strokes, was that mornsecond telling of it, he began an exposure of the ing convincing the reason and firing the imaginasecret sins that were destroying the church's life tion of his audience. They saw the truth. And and sapping the vitality of the community. the climax came when he used a pictorial phrase which put his closing appeal in a nutshell. "God A few young men gathered round him in pri- gave each of us two legs," he said, "but we have vate to learn more of what had happened to him. been stupid enough to suppose that with two legs Older men were skeptical and superior. They de- we could travel at the same time on two roads. rided him, especially because his new walk with We church members have had one leg on the way God made it necessary for him to do his daily Heavenward, and with the other leg we have been work conscientiously. Many declared that his traveling the world's way." brain was decaying or that sleeping sickness had him in its grip. Long ingrained habits of secrecy One could almost hear the strokes of a scythe and deceit made our people construe as madness that was gathering in golden sheaves for God's any willingness to admit a fault and confess it. granary. There were over thirty young people One deacon thought he had effectively vanquished who went forward at the close to occupy these the young man's crusade when he showed, as a empty forms on the platform, to signify that they stalwart Protestant, that confession of sin was a were out for the consecrated life that has given peculiarly Roman error! up half-measures and hypocrisy.

But the ferment had been thrown into Bolobo's From that moment we knew that harvest time life. The unheard of began to happen. People had come. We had heard the sound of a going in were disturbed in their dreams or kept from the tops of the mulberry trees, and we knew to sleep by the accusing voices of their sins. Young bestir ourselves. When the men gathered in large men, gathering round our splendid native pastor, numbers in their afternoon service, the appeal were looking up in the New Testament what God was made to the older men and deacons to range had to say about their sins, and the way of release themselves alongside the eager young men who that He offers. On February 24, the church was were pressing forward, and the question was put packed when the morning service began, and we in this form: "Shall the Isaacs offer themselves noticed that the native pastor had arranged some willingly and go up the Moriah road, but shall forms behind him on the platform. These forms Abraham hold back?" The older men explain that remained vacant during the service, and we real- the putting of that question roused them from ized that they were not placed there simply for sleep. At first it puzzled them. What more reuse in case of overcrowding. We had never dared mained for them to do? Were they not church to try an upstanding appeal amid an African members? Had they not been baptized? audience, nor had they ever seen a penitent form. Yet the pastor's inner ear had been prepared to They remained to an aftermeeting, and after hear, and he had come to preach that morning that the group went to the preacher's house, resure of results. Had he himself not come through questing that it be made plain to them what furthe Holy Spirit's searching scrutiny, and found ther gift God was offering them and what further how He burns up all our refuges of lies? Never claim He was making on them. At last hearts did anyone wield more effectively the rapier of were open and ready to take in the truth. God's the Spirit than he did that day. It pierced to the gift of fulness of life in the Holy Spirit was set dividing asunder of joints and marrow. It dis- forth. From that time onward never a day passed cerned the thoughts and intents of many hearts. but souls were coming through crises and conflict to freedom and fulness of joy. Their faces told Showing in one hand a rust-corroded knife and the story before they reached the missionary's' in the other a shining knife of stainless make, the presence. Going to the hospital that night, one pastor asked his audience what kind of Christians heard the sound of weeping in the doctor's private they wanted to be. Bringing out an ax head from room. One of the native male nurses had come under his table, he asked the woodcutters present to confess that he had pilfered medicines from the if, when they felled giants of the forest, they dispensary, and he had brought 25 francs in paywent at their work merely clutching the iron ax ment. People who had been living in enmity were head between their hands; "Hasn't God in His humbling themselves in seeking reconciliation and Holy Spirit offered us a helve for our ax head forgiveness. Stolen articles began to come back which will put force into all our labor in the in a stream. tangled forest of sin that we are to clear away?" A testimony meeting was held Monda.y evening,

and there the thoughts of many hearts were re- transformed by the love of Christ and sitting bevealed. The truth was out, told by black people fore His table to partake of their first communion, themselves. Their sins were finding them out. was to feel that Heaven had come down to earth, Meanwhile prayer and supplication became a and that grace had swallowed up sin and death mighty stream. All who had realized the ending in victory. One could not but think of the aged of life's discord began to pour out their hearts in Simeon and his satisfied request for removal; he intercession for their friends. One knew at last could depart in peace, for his eyes had seen God's what God-inspired prayer is, and how irresistible salvation. With a score of such new-born souls in its sweep. Two missionaries had met with the before us, we realized anew what it means to "denative pastor every morning for two years to pray part in peace." For them Jesus has robbed death for revival, but they were amazed to see how, of its darkness and robbed it of its sting. when revival came, they themselves were carried along as on a mighty stream of prayer. Much more remains to be told. Other mission- aries would learn much if one told of the prob- The evangelistic and missionary passion of the lems and difficulties that the revival created, as young carpenter's heart was communicated to all well as of the marvelous doors it opened and the who tasted the Heavenly gift, and folks in the opportunities it brought. Yet mention must be villages of the hinterland became aware that made of one result which will prove of far-reachsomething had happened because, as they them- ing importance. The revival brought out the censelves put it, young fellows who had formerly trality of the cross as the core of our message. been chiefly interested in swaggering about town It made prayer and Bible study the very breath on a Sunday afternoon in showy clothes and were and daily nourishment of Christians. It brought quite incapacitated for'life by their own conceit, the promise of the Holy Spirit out of the dim and suddenly seemed to feel concern for other people hazy background of truth right into the center of and took the trouble to walk through the forest life as a throbbing reality. And, quite decisively, to other villages to proclaim the good tidings..The it made the triumph of the Resurrection stand out impression was immediate and widespread. There as the corner stone of a Christian message that is was a common impulse to relieve the burdened to win Africa. conscience and the uneasy mind by public confession, and the crowds frequenting the services In the early days of the revival a Christian made it necessary everywhere to enlarge the vil- died, and the way in which the Christians made lage chapels. that funeral a triumph will never be effaced from memory. The problem had hitherto been to per- One of the most wonderful events of all has just suade church members to cut adrift the old had its sequel, a year later. Once the church heathen mourning customs, and we had failed. members cleared their lives of deceit and sham, Wailing and noise and confusion seemed inevitathe heathen became uneasy and stirred in their ble, till on one glorious day the Christians rose sleep, and awoke. The old people, the people most as one man and said, "Never again." That tristeeped in heathenism, began to "ask the way to umphant funeral of a believer has set its seal on Zion with their faces thitherward." Once they the community's life. Now the women gather in had seen fellow villagers who had been reputed to their, brightest clothes, sit in rows around the be Christians really making a clean break with house and sing hymns. Some stay to uphold the witchcraft by bringing out and casting away their chief mourner when the corpse is removed, and secret fetishes, the heathen opened their eyes and all the others follow to the place of burial singing opened their hearts. The story of their awaken- hymns. Who told them to do this? "They shall ing is a constant source of wonder to us. It was be all taught of God." Things we had labored marvelous to see great-grandfathers and great- to .instill into public opinion by preaching and grandmothers in inquirers' classes where the teaching became a public possession overnight. story of Jesus was told to them "simply as to a We who had formerly felt so conscious of labor little child." and sorrow, who had called ourselves workers for God, realized that we were but spectators. "What On Sunday, March 1, the first of these aged hath God wrought!" folks from the town of Bolobo itself were baptized and received into the fellowship of the Into Africa went the Christ twenty centuries ago, when' Church. They numbered twenty. A great crowd gathered on the beach when they were baptized, his own folk sought to slay him. for it was a wonder of wonders to the natives. To see the women who had been most prominent Out of Africa came the Christ, sheltered and safe, to at all heathen funerals and the most adept in all mourning orgies and dances, and well acquainted live his mission and die his death, that the world might with palm wine or sugar cane beer drinking, be saved.

Into Africa may he go again, proclaimed by eager and impelling disciples.

Out of Africa-may Christ come, with a continent fol- lowing after. EMORY Ross.

on the Witness

WHAT CHRIST HAS DONE FOR ME are set forth on a new path of righteousness and By REV. JAMES J. R. JOLOBE, B.A., devotion to higher things.

A survey of the influence of Christ in Africa Presbyterian Church of South Africa cannot, however, be complete without mentioning PERHAPS to one born in a Christian home it education. We owe a debt of gratitude to the may be a little difficult to appreciate fully missionary enterprise for the enlightenment what Christ has done for one; but the life which is rapidly helping us adjust ourselves to from which the Christian religion has helped us modern conditions and to civilized standards of to emerge may help one to realize in some meas- living. It is true there are some who would have us develop along our own lines. If this means ure the gains brought to Africans by embracing preserving all that is good in our past we welcome the Gospel. In the primitive stage of our exist- it. But if it means that we should be content with ence, neutralizing the good things which were a the old primitive life, in other words to be misfits blessing and should be preserved, were attendant in an advancing world, inefficient in an efficient evils ingrained in the social system which, though in a way supporting it, threatened to undermine the vitality of the race mentally and morally.

Among these was superstition. It is only when one actually comes into contact with those en- thralled by this evil that he can appreciate fully what Christ has done and is doing for our people in connection with superstition. The constant fear of imaginary harm, the suspicion engendered against innocent people, and the unwarranted hate against supposed agents of witchcraftthese and many others were the things which were not conducive to the growth of personality.

Christ has liberated us from this bondage and set Africa free to develop to the highest degree with- in her reach.

Again, Christianity has enhanced the value of human personality. On the whole, among our peo- ple life was sacred and the individual had a cer- tain amount of value as a member of a tribe, but REV. JAMES J. R. JOLOBE, B.A. this new religion intensified and widened this conception. In a practical way this was achieved by denouncing polygamy and proclaiming in no un- society-if it means this, we emphatically refuse certain voice that a man should have only one to accept the idea of developing on our own lines. wife. With us, in some cases, several women We feel we have benefited by the assistance of were permitted to one man. This new teaching Christianity, which has helped us, through edu- not only raised the status of woman, but it was cation, to emerge from primitive ideas to a civi- also a blessing to a people who were soon to be lized outlook. We are told, and we see it for ourlaunched into a whirl of economic conditions selves, that it is the fittest that survive under under which a man with a very large family, as modern conditions, and to be fit our race must in polygamous society, would succumb. avail itself of all the best, materially, mentally Africans are human, and being so have their and morally, which mankind has gained down the full quota of the frailties which bring guilt to the ages. Education is doing this for the African, soul, which guilt can only be removed by the for- and we thank the missionaries upon whom this giveness offered man by God, in giving His Son duty devolved for many years past. Even if the to be a propitiation for our sins. Christ has met idea of developing in our own lines were taken in the supreme need of Africa-a Saviour. By the its best sense, we claim that we have a right to cross many are being raised from a low life and know first the universal standards in order that [471 ]

even what is distinctly African may be governed ences, and most unfortunately Africa has im. by them in order to be recognized by the world. proved upon the original. This has resulted in arresting the real work of evangelization, while a I believe the summary of the influence of Christ great deal of energy is being wasted in petty camin Africa is after all a summary of individual ex- paigns of mutual proselyting. Church loyalties periences. If there is an indigenous church grow- are taking the place of loyalty to the Founder of ing up in Africa it is because individual souls the Church. A united church would, I believe, have been touched by the healing hand of Christ. eliminate this, and besides would have greater May I give this witness? I recognize Christ as power and prestige in the eyes of the still nonmy Saviour. He has given me a purpose in life Christian Africa. Moreover, by pooling its reand strength to struggle towards the attainment sources it would be better able to meet the extenof that purpose. Moreover, I am of that class of sion of the rule of Christ. our people which is in the transition stage. These people have inevitably severed their connection But, great as is the need for extensive work, I with many of the old customs and traditions and think the need is greatest for intensive cultivation consequently have lost the salutary restraints de- in church work. The victories won must be solidirived from these, because they were upheld by fied. It grieves one to find that sometimes in old unconvincing sanctions. It was therefore oppor- mission stations, after the second or third gentune that, when these restraints were beginning eration of Christians, a reaction to the old life to be shaken, Christ came and furnished us with sets in. This seems to point to the need of more restraints supported by higher and better sanc- intensive work. To gain this end I think Sunday tions. This saved us from drifting aimlessly. school facilities must be exploited to the full in The best of our people realize more than ever to- Africa. The preparation of candidates for the day that our only salvation as a race and our only full membership of the Church must be long and condition of progress lies in accepting the new thorough, and in the services the preaching must restraint-Christ. In one word, therefore, Christ be more instructive in tone. When people have is my anchor, and not only that, but also my been converted their question naturally is, "What haven, and the wind to help me sail toward that must we do?" The preaching in the churches haven. must seek to answer these questions intelligently and convincingly. From this we can see that, But when we have mentioned all that Christ though it is true that Africa must be evangelized has done for Africa, we find that a great deal still by Africans, she needs a fully trained and well remains to be done. It is true that in Africa educated ministry. Christianity has produced some men of sterling Christian character and women of outstanding In closing may I say that the period we are witness, but the gains registered must be multi- passing through as a people is a difficult one, and plied throughout the whole race. Vast numbers it will take a strong and efficient church to tide of our people live and die without Christ, and this us over it. Our people are rapidly leaving behind points to the need of more extensive evangeliza- the old primitive life. Christianity, education, tion. As the result of missionary activities in- and contact with civilized races are responsible digenous churches are rising up in Africa, but the for this change, and we welcome it. We, however, work still to be done is greater than these bodies regret that with the old order go also the recan accomplish without outside assistance. I be- straints which were furnished by old customs and lieve there is still room for the mother churches traditions. Under these circumstances, therefore, to work among us by guiding the infant churches our hope lies with the Church of Christ. The and by continuing financial help to maintain full- task is big, but we believe that if she addresses time workers in heathen areas. It is just here that herself to it with faith, courage and intelligence our indigenous churches fail. Their funds are she can cope with it. Christ, the Redeemer of the sufficient only to keep going what has already world, is equal to any situation, in any race, and been done, and that with difficulty. They lack the in any age, as He is the same yesterday, today surplus funds for launching aggressive campaigns and forever. of evangelization. Whatever work of this nature is done by them is only on the fringes of their WHAT CHRIST MEANS TO ME pastoral charges. – By BOKARI SABA, However, even with sufficient funds, I believe that the task of evangelizing Africa is beyond a Sangha pres Bandiagara, French Sudan, divided church. The need for union is urgent in French West Africa this country. Europe has rendered us great service by bringing us the Gospel, and we are thankful I AM a fisherman. For years I walked in darkfor this; but with this she has bequeathed to us ness, offering sacrifices to the Water God and a bitter legacy in the form of religious differ- praying Mohammedan prayers, but that did not help me to get rid of my load of sin. One day

AFRICANS ON THE WITNESS STAND

I heard the Word of God-one cannot accept Saviour of the world. Whosoever believeth in God's Word until he hears. I believed that Jesus Him shall not be destroyed, but whosoever does Christ was my Saviour. My load of sin fell off, not believe Him the wrath of God abideth upon and I entered into light. During the first year, him." however, I did not have much strength and still continued to fight with people. Because of this I The commander asked me who was my witness. fasted and prayed. God filled me with the Holy I did not have anyone with me, so I replied, "Com- Spirit and gave me power in my life. mander, I am doing the will of God. I have no witness here, but God is my witness. He sees my I returned to my father's house, and my people work." The commander bowed his head for a wanted me to join in sacrificing a black goat to time and then replied: "I do not see any lie in the Water God as is their custom. I told them you, but I cannot let you go as you have two witthat Jesus gave His life for the world and we nesses against you. I will give you five days in should not offer sacrifices any more. They said I prison." I prayed to God that He might give me would not gain any fish. I replied that I knew wisdom to look to Jesus, and He helped me in a that He whom I follow would help me. However, wonderful way. Good food was sent in for me, my heart was burdened as I had been away from and He caused the guard to trust me, putting me my country for some time and was no longer over several other men during the working hours. skilled in spearing fish and drawing in the net. But best of all I was able to preach to the other We began to fish. I fell into the water three times, prisoners, and two accepted Christ. I was reand they all laughed. I prayed to God and asked leased after five days, but returned once more to Him to give me sense. I did not fall into the the prison to further testify about Jesus to those water again, and before morning my boat was full who had accepted Him. of fish. Everybody was astonished, as I had gained more than they all. I went back to my father's house during the rice harvesting season, and while there received a My arm became swollen, and everybody said it letter asking me to come to Sangha. From the was because I had not made a sacrifice. I said, beginning of my life I had always been near the "Jesus, Thou art my doctor. Here is my arm." water and now I was asked to go away from the It healed quickly and did not hinder me from river, to the rocks of Sangha. I said, "God, let working at all. Thus God strengthened my faith Thy will be done," but Satan tempted me, saying, in Him. "How will you, a fisherman, live if you do not get any fresh fish." When I prayed, God said to me, One day I received a letter requesting me to go "Look at the cross of Jesus, how He died for you." to the San district to tell others about Jesus. I At that time I worshiped God for thus showing prayed for three days and God showed me that me the love of Jesus, and my heart was at rest. He had work for me there. With my wife, Pali, Here at Sangha I do not get any fresh fish, but and two children I went to San, about 250 miles joy is in my heart always. God has blessed me from my home. There my little boy, Mousa, be- among the rocks and in the plains. In numbers came very ill. I prayed and said, "Lord, let Thy of villages there are those who have now heard will be done, not mine." We took the child to the the message of salvation and have repented, burndoctor and he treated him, but the third day the ing their Mohammedan and fetish charms. I child died. The tears flowed, but God lifted the thank God that He helped me, in the Name of the burden so that I could say, "Thank God, Thou Lord Jesus. who has given hast taken away. Bernde am woyi konno bernde am dyalli." (My heart cried, but At Sangha, too, we have had our testings, but my heart laughed). I knew that my Lord had God has given deliverance time after time. One given His life for me. My heart was sweet for I day a Mohammedan teacher from Mecca, and knew God was the rewarder. To this day the greatly revered, passed by our house. When he Lord is blessing mightily in that district, and saw that my wife was pregnant he said, "Take s,cores of souls have found Christ as their Sav- out a sacrifice and give it to me or your wife will iour. I know it was not by my power or thought, 'die." I replied, "I will never take out a sacrifice but by the power of the Holy Spirit. Before I again, for the Lord Jesus is my sacrifice." Anleft this place God had given me another child. other Mohammedan teacher came, and in my ab- sence gave a charm and holy water to PalL When Later I was sent to the Dedougou Circle to I came home she showed them to me and I said, testify. Here Satan caused two men to tell lies "This is Satan's work." I tore the writing and about me to the French commander. One Sunday broke the bottle. I prayed to God to give me while I was preaching a guard came and seized power over Satan. I called the Mohammedan and me. I did not know what I had done and was talked with him, and the next day he left the coundeeply burdened, but I was conscious that Jesus try. One Sunday morning while I was preaching was with me. The commander asked me what I I asked the people to pray for PalL Before the was teaching, and I said: "Jesus is the Lord, the

service closed a Christian woman came with the At the time of my birth my father and mother news, "Praise God, Pali is delivered." All were were in the Catholic religion. I was also baptized surprised, saying, "Even before we finished in that faith and received the name Augustine.

speaking God worked." All the town who knew When I grew up and saw their works I perceived about the prophecy of the big Mohammedan that they had very many objects of worship, teacher marveled and came to greet Pali. Thank Jesus, Mary, Peter and many like them. They do God, I know that His blessing is with me at not give God's Word to men. And also, I was Sangha, and this increased our faith in Him. taught that one can give money to "the father,"

The Habbe people of Sangha as a tribe are who is able to grant him a period of time in fetish worshipers, and they too tempt us. Last which he may commit any sin he likes and he will month, as their big yearly celebration drew near, pray for him. A religion like that does not save their representative, Antando, met me on the one. I forsook that forever.

path. He said, "Bokari Saba, I have come to ask After that I entered Mohammedanism and re- you something hard, but something easy." mained in it for seven years. I saw in that also I said, "Is it peace?" that one could commit any sin he liked, just as He replied: "Peace. We have inquired from long as he was faithful in doing the salaams five the sacred fox, and he says that a fisherman is times a day, facing the East. Why? Because to open our celebration this year. If you will kill there is a stone in Mecca which is the big Moham- the chicken as a sacrifice and walk around our medan object of worship, and Mohammed's grave.

idol three times we will give you grain and They give one a charm called lisimoun, to put on chickens. " for a protection. When I heard the Word of Light I said: "Antando, if I could I would break and took account of my ways, I saw that we wor- down your idol to say nothing of worshiping it. shiped nothing less than Satan and idols, and bur- Do not talk to me again about this matter. I am dened ourselves with much we could not carry.

a fisherman, you a Habbe. Weare sister tribes. Mohammedan teachers also say that we must not Anything in my house that you want you can observe their works, but believe the word of the come and take, but do not speak to me about hon- Koran only. Why? Because their works are evil.

oring your idol. If I have my way, I will destroy There is no end to secret matters with them in it." such a religion of deception. I forsook that for- Praise God, I will not approach a fetish again ever. It does not save one.

with a sacrifice, for I know that Jesus Christ, I saw truth and love in Jesus, which are not in whom I love, is my sacrifice. I need chickens any other road. What is God's will? "And this and grain, but God gave me strength to refuse is the will of my Father, that everyone that be- them when offered in this manner. holdeth the Son, and believeth on him, should Pray much for me that I may not look at the have eternal life; and I will raise him up at the things of the world. I do not have any strength last day" (John 6: 40). I also saw that trouble of myself, but I know God will give it to me as I and persecution were with Jesus on earth.

pray to Him. He has given me His promise that "Verily, verily, I say unto you, that ye shall weep whatsoever I ask in the Name of the Lord Jesus and lament, but the world shall rejoice: and ye I shall gain. The promise stands true. God has shall be sorrowful, but your sorrow shall be given me the witness in my heart. Praise God turned into joy. A woman when she is in travail because of the blood of Jesus, for the blood of hath sorrow, because her hour is come; but when Jesus took off the old garment of sin from my she is delivered of the child, she remembereth no neck and gave me a new garment of righteous- more the anguish, for the joy that a man is born ness. I want to go forward doing His will till into the world" (John 16: 20-21).

He come. Amen. I saw another thing on the Jesus road which is not in any other road. If a person says to you, WHY I ACCEPTED CHRIST "Throwaway your coat," but does not give you By JEAN KEITA, a new one, will you not take the old one again? But if he gives you a new one, you will have no Siguiri, French West Africa use for the old one. Praise the Lord because He THE first thing I saw in Jesus was a revela- gives His own a new spirit and helps him to con- tion of myself. I saw that Jesus is the light, quer himself, Satan and the world, and enables· myself a sinner. The works of darkness him to walk with God. Otherwise none of us filled my heart; I did not know that I was so could walk God's road. "But ye are not in the wicked until Jesus showed me myself. After I flesh but in the Spirit, if so be that the Spirit of saw His love and goodness I earnestly desired God dwelleth in you. But if any man hath not Him, but I could not have Him until I forsook my the Spirit of Christ, he is none of his" (Romans own will and the love of the world. 8: 9). SOME TYPES OF WEST AFRICAN WOMEN The Gospel and the Women of West Africa By JEWEL H. SCHWAB Presbyterian Mission, Cameroun, West Africa I N ORDER to appreciate the changes the Gos- fear of malignant spirits always hovering about pel has wrought in the lives of the women of at the stream or in the forest at sundown, or at that part of West Africa with which we are midnight in the hamlet, waiting to seize her or familiar, a brief survey of their state before the her children; fear of childlessness, that she be "Words of God" came to them is essential. without anyone to care for her in her advancing years-fear might be said to have been the Zeit Significant are these words spoken by the at- motif of their lives. Also significant is the sobritendants when a girl child is born, U tan u tora, quet applied to a girl child in contrast to that of ba koba we u hemle, which translated means, a boy. The latter is known kek Ii njok, the molar "Deny, deceive, but if they catch you in the act, confess." A woman must always be on the de- tooth of an elephant-a prized possession; a girl, fensive, and so as one of her weapons she is ad- kop ba sem-a fowl to be sold or sacrificed.

vised by her sex from birth to admit nothing un- Thus was bred in Basa womankind an inferior- less actually found out. Fear of what might fol- ity complex, a secretiveness and a suspicion mak- Iowa confession of being the host of a witch, thus ing for a conservatism that has in the past acted unwittingly causing the sickness or death of hus- as a barrier to their acceptance of the Gospel. It band, relative or child; fear of consequences, such was youth, their sons, those prized possessions as wounds inflicted, being hung over the fire by who attended mission schools, who first success- the thumbs, if angering her husband; fear of be- fully broke down the barriers and won them to ing killed or buried alive if her husband died; the hearing of the Gospel and later the surrender- [475 ] ing of their hearts. A Basa boy's best friend is stretched, preventing them from going on. Her his mother; as the Basa proverb has it, "A son husband said to the apparition, "Are you blocking does not exchange his mother for the most beauti- the path because of my sins? If so, then let my ful girl," and so he wishes to share his "pearl of wife pass; her heart is cleaner." She went on, great price" with her particularly. As the "Good and the beauty of that better life was unfolded to News of the Words of God" became more widely her and the time when she would inherit it was known and accepted, women of their own volition revealed. Some time later Ngo Tjomp's husband began to follow the "path of God," making their died and was given a Christian burial, but the choice deliberately, confessing their sins openly fact that both she and her husband had been and fearlessly that they might begin their jour- Christians for many years did not prevent some ney with a clean heart, putting their trust in God of his relatives and friends from taunting her. that He would sustain them. A friend came to sit with her one day, as is cus- One such woman was cruelly beaten by her hus- tom during the nine-day period immediately folband. "Are you sorry you confessed?" she was lowing death, but instead of speaking words of asked. She replied, "My body is sorry because it comfort she accused Ngo Tjomp of desiring the is full of pain, but my heart is glad because for death of her husband, and even of being the cause the first time I have found peace." Her husband of it. Ngo Tjomp sat with bowed head, silent continued for a month or more to beat her each under the abuse, missing her husband, who altime she returned from attending service in the ways had been her helpmeet on the farm, and little chapel built on the outskirts of their village. shared the burden of carrying firewood and food over the long narrow path back to their hamlet. AFRICAN WOMEN ON THEIR WAY TO MARKET Months passed; then late one afternoon Ngo Tjomp appeared, her face radiating a new-found Daily he picked up the earthen pot containing tid- peace. "0 mother," she said, addressing her misbits she had prepared for him and smashed it to sionary friend, "Christ says, 'Bless those who perbits on the floor. He expected her to become secute you'; He has given me strength to follow angry, to refuse to bring him his daily food, but this teaching. Ngo Ngaga [the one who had she was silent and respectful always, each day taunted her] has an ulcer on her foot. She canbringing another pot or dish of well cooked food not leave her house. I gave her a copper to buy for him. Finally he succumbed. If her Christ medicine for it and prayed with her that God was able to· inspire such endurance and love in would bless and heal her." His disciples He must be worth knowing. Today this man may be seen coming out from under the Tjega stood tall beside his buxom little wife at overhanging eaves of his little brown hut, when the altar, each with a child in arm, a boy and a the call drum's clipped tones break the hushed girl, to consecrate the twins to the Lord. "We silence of grey dawn, together with his wife and have named the boy Moses," beamed the mother, children, to join the line of worshipers filing along "for we are giving him to God that he may lead the path on their way to morning prayers. Woman his people on the path that goes to our Father's is not only becoming emancipated from her fears town." Eight years previously Ngo MbOt had and developing a will and ideas of her own, but mothered another little lad, not her own, but a in this new freedom that is hers the heart of the weazened six-month-old starveling that had been Christian woman, bathed in the warm sunshine nourished on palm wine since the death of its of Divine love, is slowly unfolding, developing into mother. When he was brought to the mission staa sweet scented flower of wondrous beauty. tion a wet nurse was sought for the child in vain. Noone was willing to risk illness or death for her- Ngo Tjomp had a dream. She and her husband self or children, which is believed to be meted out were walking along a lovely level, grassy clearing to the foster mother by the angered spirit of the in the forest when suddenly an arm appeared, out- dead mother. Finally Ngo MbOt was approached. She replied, "I am in the Lord's hands. I do not fear. With His help I will care for the child as my own," and she took the child. A few months after this she became quite ill. Her neighbors predicted her death, and it was ,suggested that she return the child or refuse to nurse it. To all this. advice she merely said with unshaken faith, "God has put this child in my care. He will take care of all of us." And He did.

"I am going down to my son's town to die," as she hobbled along the forest path under giant trees, meaning she would stay for the rest of her

THE GOSPEL AND THE WOMEN OF WEST AFRICA

life. Her only child, a boy, she had left many girls sell food they have raised and prepare and years ago in the town to which she was now so carry palm oil and palm kernels to trading cen- eagerly hastening, when she ran off with another ters. man to his hamlet. So many years had rolled by since then that she had forgotten her misdeed and This new found freedom for women is a bless- thought only of the fact that she had a son, flesh ing only in so far as it is a controlled freedom, of her flesh and bone of her bone, who would care consecrated to the Lord. Only those whose lives for her in her last years. How her heart sang as have been given direction and an ideal for which she thought of the greeting awaiting her after to strive are going to be benefited by it. A girl this long separation! In anticipation she was from one of our Eastern colleges remarked that warming her stiffening joints at the comfortable she would like to go to Africa to do welfare work fire under the roof of her boy's home. How she among the women and girls, but it must be solely strained her eyes as she neared the town for a welfare work entirely divorced from religion. possible glimpse of him! At last she saw him in There has been a tendency to consider social servthe court of his hamlet. "0 my heart, my son, my son, your mother has come! Your own Courtesy of The Missionary Herald. mother who bore you, she has come! Myself, it is she !" Her son, grown to manhood, made sure he ice as sufficient to raise a people to a higher level had heard aright and then turned his back on the of living; but it has been our experience, and the approaching woman and entered his palaver experience of others who have lived and worked house. She had deserted him when he needed with African women, that it is the woman who her, now let her suffer. has been won for Christ first who is susceptible to suggestions and willing to improve her living Heartbroken, she threw her old wrinkled body conditions. Without the stimulation which comes on the ground and sobbed forth her disappoint- from a changed and purified inner spiritual life ment and humiliation. Soon a crowd gathered. she is not willing to defy age old customs and The son forbade anyone to take her home to care habits, be they ever so unhygienic. The African for her, threatening them with a heavy fine if they woman must first be led to the feet of the Master, did so. The Christian women in the community who alone can set all captives free, before she can tried to intercede for her. He was deaf to all en- help to win Africa for Christ. treaties. Finally they told him that, if he refused to care for her, they as Christians could not let her suffer. Suiting action to word they built a little house for her, carried firewood and food to her daily, succeeding at length in lighting the fires of another love, a greater love, in this African woman's heart.

Economically there have also been great changes. Laws governing marriage and divorce, the opening up of roads giving free communication and the establishing of courts with the final appeal to the European officer, who tries to decide cases justly, has made for a measure of freedom for womankind. But this freedom, unless controlled by inner promptings of the heart, is not entirely beneficial, as is indicated by the flocking of girls and young women to trade centers to become "company women"-prostitutes now licensed and inspected by the government. The young woman running away from home and husband, who greeted Miss Mackenize on the path one day with, "Mornin' Matches, I am flee!" was one of the many who are turning this freedom into license-freedom to flee from home and responsibilities. As women must pay a government tax as well as men, those whose husbands do not provide for them-and they are manymust earn money to pay it, as well as buy the clothes necessary for themselves and sometimes for their children. To do this the women and

Church of Christ in

By RT. REV. J. J. WILLIS Recently Bishop of Uganda; Assistant Bishop of Leicester THE story of Christian missions in Uganda is It was through the influence of Stanley that one of the best known of all the romances of Mutesa's famous appeal to Christian England the mission field. Few missions have, in their came to be written. The appeal, published in the early days, come nearer to disastrous failure; few Daily Telegraph in 1876, led to the sending out by have, in so short a time, achieved a more con- the Church Missionary Society, in 1877, of the spicuous success; few have exhibited on so large first missionary party, to be followed two years a scale the perils of an easy triumph; and none, later by the first representatives of the Roman perhaps, have shown more clearly the hand of God Catholic White Fathers' Mission. Himself guiding, preserving, and out of weakness making strong. The early effort came perilously near to dis- aster. Of the eight men who formed the original To Krapf and the pioneer German missionaries party at one time only one was left in Uganda. in East Africa, in the early half of last century, Under pressure from the Arab traders and his must betraced the impetus which led to the dis- own pagan and Moslem chiefs, Mutesa again and covery of the Victoria Nyanza, and, on its north- again wavered in his loyalty to the mission which western shores, the kingdom of Buganda. The had come to the country on his invitation and as first European traveler to enter Buganda was his guests; he remained on the whole friendly, Speke, in 1861. He was followed in 1875 by H. but never himself joined the Christian Church. M. Stanley. Both men were impressed with the When he died, and his son, Mwanga, reversed his outstanding qualities of the people of Buganda father's policy, and turned savagely on the deand the possibilities of their country. Brave, in- fenseless infant Church, when the missionaries telligent, highly organized and disciplined, they were expelled from the country, and the Chrishad long since passed from the patriarchal stage tians scattered and in hiding, it looked as if the to the monarchical. Clothed from head to foot, Christian effort were doomed to failure. If the clean, and with perfect manners, they presented hand of God may be seen in the discovery of a striking contrast to the surrounding tribes. Uganda and in the visit, at the critical moment Speke saw at once the possibilities of such a peo- of Stanley, it is seen even more clearly in the surple from the point of view of civilization; but vival of the Church, when, without European Stanley realized the possibilities of this dominant leaders, and with nothing more than a single Gosrace, led by a progressive and all-powerful king, pel, St. Matthew, to inspire, it passed through the from the point of view of the Kingdom of God. fires of persecution, and emerged a larger and a Such a people, brought under the obedience of stronger Church than at the beginning. "The Christ, would, he saw, be an incalculable influence bush burned with fire, and the bush was not conthroughout central Africa. sumed," because God Himself was in it.

Buganda, or in its Anglicized form, Uganda, Since those early days of persecution the was at heart pagan. But at the time of Stanley's Church in Uganda has passed through many vavisit a thin veneer of Mohammedanism had been ried experiences. Three religions have struggled, laid :<,)Ver the country. Arab traders had influenced as in so many parts of Africa, for supremacy, and the King, or Kabaka, Mutesa, and under his the victory of Christianity over its rivals has, to orders chiefs and people had hastened to declare all appearances, been complete. In Buganda today themselves Moslem. But all was as yet superficial; paganism is almost out of sight, and Moham- Uganda was still malleable, and had not yet hard- medans are a small minority. Christianity has ened into the bigoted hostility of a Moslem state; been divided as-a house against itself; Protestants but had Stanley come later, or had he been a man and Roman Catholics have fought one another in of a different type, the whole future of the coun- a war which was at least as much political as retry would have been strangely different. Stanley ligious. Again the "French" party, the Roman arrived at the right psychological moment, and, Catholics, have combined with the "English" by sheer personal influence turned the tide and set party, the Protestants, in common hostility to the it in the direction of Christianity. Mohammedan and pagan parties. At one time a [478 ] Moslem king, at another a pagan and at another missions are working independently over the same a Christian, has sat on the throne. ground. There are three strong Roman Catholic But steadily and increasingly Christianity has missions, a French mission, an English mission, won its way, and no one could question the domi- and an Italian mission. These divide up the coun- nant position it now occupies in the thought and try between them; but the native Anglican life of the people, not only of Buganda but of all Church organization covers the whole area, and the surrounding tribes, for a radius of hundreds the Synod of the Church is representative of every of miles. The first two bishops of Eastern Equa- part of the Protectorate.

torial Africa died before reaching Uganda. Bishop Hannington was murdered, in the time of the per- secution, in 1885, within sight of Uganda; Bishop Parker died of fever on his way to the country.

When the third bishop, Tucker, reached Uganda, in 1890, the adherents of the Church Missionary Society mission numbered a bare 200; when he retired in 1911 they numbered 70,000.

For years the work was confined to the imme- diate vicinity of the capital, Mengo (or Kam- pala) ; today the furthest occupied stations lie 600 miles away, in Belgian Ruanda and Urundi, and the whole intervening country is covered with a network of churches, schools, hospitals, dispen- saries and welfare centers. Great cathedrals, Anglican and Roman Catholic, crown the hill tops in the capital; Christian teaching permeates the thousands of schools which have brought educa- tion within the reach of practically every child in the country; Christian homes are beginning to make their influence felt in the new world which has been created. It is difficult to realize that Christianity is still such a new thing in Uganda and that men and women are still living who themselves passed through the furnace of perse- cution in the days of Mwanga.

It is worth while considering what it is to which, under God, this very remarkable change is due, for to Uganda has been given a success out- ward and visible not ordinarily given to missions.

1. The Kingdom of Uganda occupies a strategic position in Africa. Its people are a people of out- standing natural intelligence, a dominant race.

The seed was sown on fertile ground. TEACHING CHILDREN IN AFRICA 2. Christianity in Uganda was first in the field.

Western civilization, with its more materialistic 5. British rule, again, has created conditions al- outlook, followed later. European and African most ideally favorable to missionary work. Doubt- first met on the higher spiritual plane, a fact less Christians missions would have survived and which has colored all their subsequent relation- in the end would have won their way, but it would ships. have been impossible for the Gospel to advance 3. The Christian appeal was first made, as in with anything like the same rapidity had there England, to the king and chiefs. Missions en- been no British administration in the country.

tered Uganda on the invitation of Mutesa, and the Law and order, communications with the outside missionaries were there as his guests. Christian world by railway, internal communications by chiefs have been from the first the acknowledged road, active cooperation in education, the sympa- leaders and whole-hearted supporters of the thetic attitude of officials, general prosperity and Church in Uganda. Their influence among their industrial development have all contributed to- people has been a decisive factor in evangeliza- wards the progress of the Gospel. What the Ro- tion, in education and in medical development. man government meant to Christianity in the first 4. Uganda has been kept from those difficult century, as it swept along the highways of com- problems which arise when a variety of different merce and captured the strategic centers of civi-

lization, that, and much more, has British admin- of the Church. Indeed the whole history of that istration meant to the Church in Uganda. Church might be written around the names of its 6. The Bible has from the first held a pre-emi- leaders, some of them men of outstanding ability, nent place in the life of the native Church. It some men of no obvious importance, yet made was Stanley who first brought before Mutesa the great by the Spirit who dwelt in and inspired Book on which his own faith rested. Mutesa's them. And in that succession of leaders not the first question to the first missionary party to ar- least have been those saints and humble men of rive was, "Have you brought the Book?" Chris- God, as Apolo Kivebulaya, of the Pygmy Forest, tian converts have always been known in Uganda whose simple faith and utter devotion have been as "readers." From the time of Pilkington, in the very life blood of the Church.

1897, the Baganda have had the whole Bible in The natural advantages of the country, the con- their own vernacular. It has been translated in ditions created by a strong and sympathetic gov- whole or in part into at least ten languages in the ernment, the personality of the leaders, the policy Protectorate. No adult convert may be baptized adopted, all these have had their place in the prog- (unless manifestly too old to learn) unless he is ress of the Gospel in Uganda, but above all there able to read the Gospels in his own language. The has been the hand of God Himself, and few mis- Bible, read in the homes and taught in all the sions in the world have called forth more interest schools, is molding the character of the rising and sympathy and prayer than has Uganda; to generation. The voluntary abolition of slavery, that prayer is due whatever of the seeming suc- the social uplift of the women, the eager evangel- cess proves to be real and permanent.

ization of hitherto hostile tribes, the devotion and But rapid success carries with it inevitably its self-sacrifice shown in medical service, have all own dangers. An East African Bishop, visiting been inspired directly by the study of the Book. Uganda, summed up his impressions in the words The place given to the Bible goes far to explain of the Queen of Sheba: "'The half was not told the decisive influence of the Church Missionary me'; the best and the worst exceed all that I had Society in Uganda. heard." It is fatally easy, in our appreciation of 7. The Church in Uganda is essentially a native the success, to lose sight of the other side of the church. Very early in its history, when it was account. But when Christianity has become popu- still in its infancy, European leadership was per- lar, when a mass movement, led by Christian force withdrawn, and all through the dark days chiefs, is sweeping over the country like a prairie of persecution the Church had to depend, under fire, when a Christian name is almost necessary to God, on itself. Church councils have played a con- any social status; and Christian education is the spicuous part all through its history-parochial highway to promotion, it would be strange indeed councils, diocesan councils, synods, in all of which if Christianity kept pure. Like weeds, springing natives form an overwhelming majority. The al- up with the first rains, old superstitions and old ready existing native political organization, with immoral practices that had seemed dead spring its system of native courts and native chiefs, made again to life. Converts who have endured without the organization of a self-governing church a com- flinching the ordeal of persecution fail and dis- paratively easy matter; and Bishop Tucker's,,·su- appoint under the harder test of popularity and preme contribution was the organization of a prosperity. Familiarity with holy things may Church which was entrusted with real responsi- easily breed contempt, and a generation arises bility and was, to a marked degree, "self-sup- which is Christian not by conviction but by birth.

porting, self-governing, and self-extending." The further the boundaries of the Church are 8. The Uganda Mission has been blessed with a extended the more difficult becomes the task of succession of missionary leaders whose names effective shepherding. And, with the introduction have become household words; Bishop Hanning- of Western civilization, counter attractions mul- ton, the martyr bishop, who by his tragic death tiply, and temptations become inevitably greater.

on the threshold of his life work accomplished A church in its adolescent stage needs perhaps more perhaps than might have been effected in a not less, but more, care than a church in its early long life; Alexander Mackay, the Scottish mis- childhood; it is less interesting, but its position sionary, who was the life and inspiration of the is more dangerous.

Church in the days of its martyrdom, who worked A great work has been done in Uganda. The for fourteen years without once returning home Gospel has proyed its power in the face of bitter and died at his post; George Pilkington, who in opposition; it is left to us, in our day and genera-'

seven short years gave the Baganda the Bible in tion, to see that the ground so hardly won is not their own language, and when his life work was lost, and that the Church in Uganda is so trained done was killed in his thirty-third year; and many and equipped that it may fulfill in Africa the great another lesser known man and woman whose per- task that now lies before it, that the purpose of sonalities inspired and molded the growing life God in it and through it may be realized.

Progress and the

By REV. JOHN M. SPRINGER, D.D.

Bishop for Africa of the Methodist Episcopal Church I s MODERN material progress a bane or a into cloth, and molded clay into pots for cooking blessing to the African? Like so many other and for containers. The more skilful blacksmiths questions, the answer cannot be a mere un- attained the making of razors, needles and other qualified yes or no. Losses of one sort are bal- fine tools. Cotton was quite widely found and was anced by gains of another, and gains are balanced spun into thread, and here and there looms were by losses. A brief consideration of the typical vil- fashioned to make cotton cloth. Many different lage and economic life of the African is necessary musical instruments were made to express the inin order to come to a right judgment of the ques- nate melody of African souls to while away the tedium of the journey or of idle hours and to give tion. rhythm to the dance. But, nevertheless, the life The African maintained a fairly uniform and of the African was simple in the extreme. He sat on the ground, he slept on the ground, he ate from unchanged status of existence for undetermined the ground. His cattle, when he had any, were of generations. His was a self-contained economic little or no industrial use. They supplied meat for order; he needed no intercontinental or international commerce to supply his few necessities; they were obtained locally. The neighboring tribe in most cases was as far as he needed to go to barter for things he required. If no trader from outside his own community came his way, it usually did not matter much. His necessary tools were few, a hoe, an axe, a knife, the latter length- ened to a spear. His ancestors had come to a continent where iron ore is found in nearly all parts and in high and low grades. If some tribe chanced to settle where not even the low grade iron was to be found, necessity for tools would drive them to a tribe more fortunately situated. Or members of that more fortunate tribe or else professional traders would be stirred by the commercial in- stinct to wander afield with their wares. In the NATIVE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS village spaces. or at the recognized market centers Three primitive "pianGs" – marimbas with wooden keys and or by the wayside there would be dickering and gourds of various sizes bargaining, and the trader in due time would depart with a few goats or chickens, or with mats, his feasts and constituted units of value for marpots, and so on, made by local artisans. But to riage portions, to pay fines or to purchase articles. affect this exchange it was necessary as a rule to contact only a neighboring tribe. Was the African content with his mode of Africa is widely and, as a whole, abundantly existence? To many a passing visitor who saw supplied with raw materials, thus constituting a him in his casual, lighter moods and chanting in rich prize that Europe covets, has sought for and his moonlight dances he has seemed to be happy. is still haggling over. The African, though more But to those that have penetrated below the sur- or less belated in industrial development, has the face and have seen his response to a fuller life, rudiments of all the arts and industries in his ele- it has been revealed that deep down there was a mentary life. With his primitive tools, hoe, axe great restlessness and discontent. As a result, and knife, he has gotten his food from the ground with the early trader who penetrated Africa, bear- -not forgetting that in Africa it is the woman ing articles of trade – cloth, blankets, beads for with the hoe-his meat from the veldt, his honey ornament, mirrors, soaps, scents, modern hoes and from the hollow tree; he constructed his home, guns of wonderful power – there came to the vil- • prepared grass and other fibers and wove them lagers an urge to possess these things that started [481 ]

a procession of youths out from the villages. This grass or harsh bark cloth, and wanting clothing, change has come to be so widespread that it is the not only for comfort and utility, but for ornament rare village that has not contributed its quota to as well. The supporters of the second thesis of the modern army of industrial workers in Africa. the old time debate as to whether man first wore And it was not merely to secure these new articles clothing for utility or for ornament would in that Africans left the old life. In the cases of Africa find much to sustain his contention that very many there was an attraction and a holding the vanity of man has more than a little to do with power in the employment he found with the Euro- determining his attire. pean, in kitchen, on trek, on farm, in shop, that So there has been an enlarging number and held him through years of service. The dull and variety of articles of foreign manufacture de- nonprogressive round of village life had no fur- manded by the African, and notably by his wife, ther fascination for him. until today they are customers, not only in the Has the new day brought with it more of bane "Kaffir Store," the store for natives, but also in or of blessing? We need to consider this subject the stores kept primarily for Europeans, and the as it concerns not only the stay-at-home villager range, quality and extent of their purchases of arand the village life, but also the natives, including ticles of world production are limited only by the the women, that join the urban mining and indus- amount of cash in hand or by the credit they can obtain. As to tools, from using almost exclusively crude homemade ones, today in many villages it is hard to find any homemade tools, and the sub- stitution of imported ones is extending across the continent.

The sons of the Lomani blacksmiths who used to win their iron from bog deposits, transform it into steel in their crude furnaces and turn out from their very simply equipped smithies well wrought tools and implements are mainly the ones who are tending the blast furnaces at Lubumbashi and Panda. They are skilled in handling daily hundreds of tons of ore, instead of making the few simple articles that rewarded their labor of many OLD POTTERY, WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THE BASIN, days as they toiled with their fathers. The clay IN WHICH THE DAMP POT RESTS cooking pot has given way to the aluminum one, the earthen water jar is superseded by the enamel trial group. The two cannot be wholly separated bucket or pitcher, the grass basket is being rebecause of the constant movement back and forth placed by the wide enamel basin. And so has disof the individuals and of groups. appeared the demand for one native article after another. A missionary living close to the people Consider the village life first of all. The articles and who was keenly alive to what was happening of daily use have changed almost completely with- in village life stated that one art and industry in a generation. Europe not only wants raw ma- after another was rapidly being dropped and disterials for the factories manned by her teeming appearing entirely from the life of the people. populations, but she wants markets, and she seeks these markets keenly. To have these markets dis- Dame Fashion also steps in and holds sway in turbed and lost brings consternation, and some- Africa as among all other humans. When one times decisive action. For decades Italy supplied woman in a village becomes possessed of one of the larger portion of the fabrics purchased by these new and more desirable articles, a spirit of Abyssinians. A few years ago Japan invaded that envy is at once awakened in that community and market and largely captured it, as she has done continues until everyone has the same article. in other parts of Africa, to go no farther afield. Blue beads of a certain sort once ruled the day. Who will say to what extent the loss of this There was a change of style, and we not only market may have been a factor leading to Italy's found our stock useless for barter, but the dames recent decision and policy and the course she pur- and damsels of those interior villages, so remote sued? Think of a market such as Africa offers, that they were-"back of beyond," disdained to do' a hundred million and more people scantily more than glance at them and refused to accept clothed at best, many not clothed at all, but all them even as gifts. wanting clothing and blankets, and a goodly supply of all, and preferring to purchase the imported Not only in the industrial realm has life changed, but also in the tribal and social. The article as against the homemade fabric of coarse old primitive life was not wholly bad by a good

MATERIAL PROGRESS AND THE AFRICANS

deal. It is the rare tribe that has not had some edge and by the experiential mastery of forces good traditions and customs which were definitely and causes, will not do it. The instance is known taught to the youth, male and female. There was of a native who, unchanged as many are from an initiation which took place usually no later their old animistic beliefs, but skilled in detecting than during the age of puberty. Some features faults and frictions in very complicated machinof it were good, some decidedly bad. During re- ery and used to applying scientific tests all day cent decades it has been the rare youth who was to locate the trouble, returned to his hut one night in his village during this period, so, on his return to find his wife ill. What was causing her sickfrom industrial centers, he has been in no small ness? Not having accepted the Christian faith sense a stranger, unrelated to the community life he was stilI gripped by the old idea of spirit posand interests. So he has often made light of the session and, disregarding the medical service proold ways and customs and displayed his knowl- vided by his company, he sought out a witch docedge of the new ways of the town to advertise his tor, practicing secretly now, to smell out the witch own self-importance. In the old life there were that was causing the trouble. That is but a typirestraints generated by the fear of evil spirits, it cal case. is true. With those fears lessened or eliminated by new associations the individuals violated old The native woman joining the industrial group customs and codes. So was lost, in measure, re- is placed in particular temptation through the spect for elders, devotion to tribal affairs and in- transition from an economic order, in which she terest in tradition. Formerly thieving from strangers was approved, particularly if done so OLD S TAMPING MORTARS AND BASKETS. NOTE BICYCLE cleverly that the thief was not caught; but fear AND MODERN CLOTHES of known charms of alleged potency used by neighbors and the desire to live at peace in the was the main tiller of the soil, needing to grow home village largely worked for the protection of food for herself, for her children, and more or less property in the community. for her husband according to the number of wives he had, to the conditions obtaining in the Euro- As regards material blessings of this new age pean centers. Here, if married, she needs only to of industrial penetration of Africa, until the de- cook the meal, meat and other food rationed out . pression took away so largely, at least for a time, for her husband and his family. The firewood, the markets for labor and for produce, the Afri- formerly gathered mostly by herself, is generally cans were moving steadily toward a more abun- provided. Water is piped to near-by faucets, and dant life. The people, even the children, were she has a minimum of general work to do. "Satan being clothed quite generally, some of them elabo- still finds mischief for idle hands to do." And rately. There was developed a sense of ability mischief aplenty abounds in these centers. As for to do things, as the rawest villagers became with- the unmarried girl or woman, tired of the monotin a few years chauffeurs and machinists, clerks ony of village life, especially with so many of and telegraphers, engineers and medical assist- the men gone, and attracted to the garish centers, ants. That Divine discontent that drives men on where she becomes the concubine of a white man, to better and greater things has taken hold on with usually every want supplied, or plies her Africa. There is a growing and intense desire trade among men of her own color, she is a sad for education, and, on the part of many, for the object, at best, especially after a few short years highest. The educational value of work, of learn- when her charms are gone and venereal diseases ing to do skilled and more highly paid work, is have left their marks on her body. The natural seen to be a stimulus to general education. heart of the African man, and woman, as of un- The dead level of native life is being broken up and individuals no longer need fear to go ahead, to emerge above the crowd. The intermingling, through industrial life and wider travel, of the different cultures developed in the various tribes is producing new standards. Evil, too, travels and spreads as well as good and creates new problems. While lessening the old tribal control, the total process is .gradually cementing the different tribes into a new oneness and into a consciousness of being a common African people.

What will eliminate the gripping fear that controls so generally in native life? The scientific factor alone, as represented by the greater knowl-

regenerated man generally, is desperately wicked, control of enlightened, well disposed government, whether in the isolated village of the backwoods as in most parts of Africa today, and accompanied or in the pulsing industrial centers. Changes of by a presentation of the Gospel of God's love and geography do not effect changes of heart and life salvation from sin, it can be and actually is a great in Africa any more than elsewhere. benefit to the African.

What modern industry does to the African de- But it is not a case now whether modern induspends not a little on what sort of African is in- try shall invade Africa. That decision, whether volved, whether he is still gripped by the fears for good or for bad, was taken decades ago, and that have ruled society there for generations, or such a development was inevitable in a rapidly whether, having been delivered from that thrall- shrinking world. The entire continent of Africa dom by the new birth, he has now gained a knowl- is in the process of industrial transformation. edge of the Great Good Spirit that made the world Governmental activities control well nigh the full as being love, a faith in Jesus Christ and a heart one hundred per cent of the peoples of the contiso filled with love that fear has been cast out. If nent, all but the one million people of Liberia behe has had this new spiritual experience he faces ing under European governments. Industry dithe world and life with confidence and with a rectly or indirectly reaches on toward approxikeener outreach for increased knowledge. Indus- mating the same percentage. The Christian try in and of itself is not a spiritually transform- Church has enrolled approximately five per cent ing agency. It never was the Divine intent that only of the population and constantly or occasionit should operate alone. It is but one of the three ally contacts perhaps up to twenty-five per cent. major factors of religion, government and indus- When we shall discharge our obligation in reachtry found in every group of people the world ing effectively anywhere near the total group we around. Conducted alone, modern industry may believe that the modern industrial penetration of be and undoubtedly would be more a bane than a Africa, instead of being a bane, may and will be blessing to the African. Carried on under the a real blessing to the Africans.

The Printed Word Among the Bantu By ROBERT H. W. SHEPHERD Director of Publications, Lovedale, South Africa JUST over one hundred years ago the eastern nothing could be done, and after a stay of a little portion of Cape Colony in South Africa was in more than a year he withdrew. Some fifteen years a ferment. The Bantu tribes had pushed down later there arrived, as Vanderkemp's successor, from Central Africa, had ousted the original in- Joseph Williams, who is notable as the first man habitants of the south, the Bushmen and Hotten- to give his life for the evangelization of the native tots, and had advanced as far as the southern sea- peoples of South Africa. Following two brief board of the continent on its eastern side. Being years of labor Williams died through ill-health stopped by the sea they turned to go west, but and disheartenment. When, however, some five soon found their progress blocked by the advance years after, the first converts among the Bantu guard of European civilization spreading over were baptized it was found that they had been from the Cape. War succeeded war. It'is inter- won for God through the instrumentality of Wilesting now to note that the two races faced each liams. Few pieces of Bantu literature existing other in territory which includes the land on today are more noteworthy than a hymn composed which the Lovedale Missionary Institution now by one of Williams' converts. It is perhaps the stands. noblest of all Xosa (Kaffir) hymns and has been sung for more than a century by Bantu congre- . Early Missionaries gations. A translation may be of interest: Toward the close of the eighteenth century Dr. He is the great God in heaven. John Vanderkemp, a Hollander, acting as a mis- Thou alone art the Shield of truth. sionary of the London Missionary Society, came Thou alone art the Refuge of truth. as the first bearer of the Gospel to the Bantu. So Thou alone art the Hiding-place of truth. unsettled were the tribes, however, that he felt Thou alone dwellest in the highest.

THE PRINTED WORD AMONG THE BANTU

THE BOOK STORE', LOVEDALE INSTITUTION He is the Creator of life, He created above. few days after Ross' arrival, December 16, 1823, This is the Creator Who created, He created the Heaven. "On the 17th we got our press together; on the This is the Maker of the stars and of the Pleiades. 18th the alphabet was set up; and yesterday The star shot forth. It spoke to us. (19th) we threw off fifty copies." It was inevita- This is the Maker of the blind also; He did it of purpose. ble that the missionaries should begin with the The trumpet spoke, it summoned us. alphabet, for the Amaxosa tribe of the Bantu, He is the Hunter, hunting for souls. among whom they had settled, although speaking He gathers together the flocks that do not agree. a wonderfully flexible and expressive language, He is the Leader; He led us. had absolutely no knowledge of writing. He is the great robe which covers us. Thy hands are wounded. This early determination to provide the printed Thy feet are wounded. Word has been a marked feature of South African Why didst Thy blood gush out? history. Soon after the setting up of the press at Thy blood wast shed for us. Gwali, later known as the Lovedale Press, the This great price have we called for it? Methodists were operating a press at Mount Coke, This village here have we summoned it? about fifty miles to the east. The Paris Evan- gelical Society, which entered Basutoland in 1833, The Fi'rst Printing Press has made a special feature of its publication work. Other societies, such as the American Board, have In the early twenties of last century the London shown similar diligence. Dr. Westermann has de- Missionary Society, the Engli-sh Methodist clared that the literature of many African tribes Church, and the Glasgow Missionary Society of can be carried in a lady's pocket handkerchief! Scotland almost simultaneously placed mission- The charge cannot be levelled at South African aries in the field. The coming of the third of the missions. In the valuable "Bibliography of Chris- Scottish band is one of the romances of modern tian African Literature," published in 1923, with missionary work on the literary side. The Rev. its supplement of 1927, something like one hun- John Ross brought with him a printing press dred publications each are listed in the Xosa, which, after the voyage of 6,000 miles by sea, he Zulu and Suto languages, and about fifty in conveyed by ox wagon a journey of 600 miles Chuana. These are the principal languages of the more from Cape Town to Gwali, ten miles from southern end of the continent. . the present site of Lovedale. John Bennie, a catechist, who had arrived two years before, wrote a

The Bible Translated ants; wherever they lead he must follow. If my son is willing to go, I make no objection, for no The aim of the pioneers was not merely to pro- harm can befall him even across the sea; he is as vide as soon as possible some printed word, but much in God's keeping there as near to me." Tiyo the printed Word. Rev. J. W. Appleyard, a Soga, one of thirty-nine children of a polygamist Methodist minister, early translated the Bible headman, afterwards became the earliest ordained single-handed into Xosa, and his translation is missionary to his own race and did magnificent popular even today. A board composed chiefly of work. His translation of the first part of "Pil- Scottish and German missionaries produced a grim's Progress" is acknowledged to be a masterscholarly version in the same language. As to the piece of Xosa prose. The second part of the same other South African languages a similar story can book was translated into Xosa a few years ago be told. The work of the American and British by one of Tiyo Soga's sons, who has followed in Bible Societies deserves hearty acknowledgment. his father's footsteps by devoting a large part of Largely because of this determination to put first his missionary service to the production of literathings first the Bible remains the best seller in ture for the Bantu. the various South African vernacular tongues. The Position Today It is also the best evangelist, for it carries within its covers the very Gospel message and brings Today the tide of literacy is rising among the Christ to men and men to Christ. The British Bantu, and with it have come increased opportuand Foreign Bible Society and the Scottish Na- nities for the ministry of the printed page. Untional Bible Society have in recent years made it fortunately literacy is bringing also increased oppossible for a book caravan to itinerate through- portunities for appeals of a different kind, so that out the district which was formerly the scene of the situation is becoming critical. For example, the wars between the Bantu and colonists. The to the writer's desk there comes every month the driver-colporteur is not content merely to sell magazine of the Communist party directed to the books, but conducts services in three languages. educated classes among the Bantu, a pUblication The Scripture Gift Mission of London and the altogether true to type. While the Christian Lovedale Press have also been publishing tracts agencies are teaching vast numbers to read, it is in South African vernaculars, solely in the words our duty also to see that it is not left to the nonof Scripture. Christian and even anti-Christian elements to sup- ply the reading matter. We must supply more Religious Classics and better books.

As in many other parts of Africa, Bunyan's Thousands of Christians would find their faith "Pilgrim's Progress" was early translated, and deepened, love increased, and service made more the spiritual life of multitudes of Bantu Chris- effective if wholesome reading became part of tians has been nourished on this book. The Xosa their daily life. And beyond these stand hundreds version was admirably rendered by the Rev. Tiyo of thousands still unwon. The day has dawned Soga, the first ordained minister among the Bantu, for a forward movement in good literature whose history has more than usual interest. In throughout southern Africa. The situation calls 1846 war once more broke out between the Bantu for action and not merely resolutions. The Jeand the colonists. The missions lost heavily in rusalem meeting of 1928 said of the production, property, and Lovedale Institution, which had publication and circulation of Christian literabeen opened five years before, was turned into a ture : "It is generally recognized and admitted fort. Among the Christian refugees at another that this is the most neglected part of the missionfort was a godly native woman named Nosutu, ary enterprise. There is possibly no other miswho came with her son, Tiyo Soga, a pupil at sionary subject on which so many resolutions have Lovedale when the war broke out. In the dreary been passed and so few put into effect." The prosurroundings of the fort the lad contrived to pur- duction and distribution of books must have an sue his studies. Since he had no means of pur- increasing place in the thought and work of the chasing even a taper his mother daily collected missionary forces, especially in view of the rising sneezewood splinters to burn so that her boy tide of education and the anti-Christian propamight see to read his books during the long win- ganda being c!irected towards the Bantu. ter nights. This fact has been realized in recent years and Later it was proposed to Nosutu that Tiyo ac- some steps taken to meet the new situation. Those company Rev. Williams Govan, the first principal leading in the movement have been greatly heartof Lovedale, to Scotland and there complete his ened by the visit of Dr. John R. Mott, under education. To this the mother replied, "My son whose leadership the subject received considerable is the property of God; wherever he goes God attention. A South African Christian Council is goes with him. He is the property of God's serv-

being brought into being, one of the secretaries and in the day of his extremity this man was forof which will have this matter as his special saken by kindred and friends. By means of a charge. Missionary societies, American, British trick he was finally cast into prison, but through and Continental, will be urged to cooperate and all his faith 'remained undimmed and his deterto make arrangements to assure the production of mination unshaken. Today, some ten years later, the best literary work. Meantime several presses he remains a flaming evangelist among his people, are seeking to cope with the situation. One mis- adorning the doctrine of God, his Saviour, by his sion press last year published and sold 70,000 daily life. The significant fact is, that when encopies of vernacular books, besides innumerable quiry was made as to what led him to be at the pamphlets and books in English. church door on that first Sabbath morning it was learned that it was the Book. At school a brother Pressing Needs had been presented with a Bible as a prize. The reading aloud of the sacred page in the dark, mud- Some of the most pressing needs of today are walled hut at home became for the elder brother vernacular commentaries, Bible dictionaries, daily a life-giving ministry of the Word. readings, and other helps to the study of the Scriptures, including helps for preachers, Sunday In the press we have one of the most powerful school teachers and other Christian workers, at- of Christian agencies; and as education spreads tractive Biblical literature for the young, tracts that agency will become mightier. The missionary and pamphlets for evangelistic work, translations as a personal factor, the living voice, must always of religious classics, the wider use of newspaper be a dominant influence, but the printed word has evangelism, good recreational literature, such as its peculiar power and function. As Dr. J. H. inspiring stories, high class pictures, literature Ritson has declared: "It can be read and reread suitable for youth movements and a Christian and pondered over; it can reach a vastly greater newspaper. congregation than is to be found within the sanc- tuary; it can accompany the hospital patient to One of the encouraging present-day features is his home; … it can travel forth as the pioneer that many Africans are offering manuscripts for where the climate is deadly and the population is publication. These deserve encouragement, and sparse and conditions are unfriendly and hostile. advantage should be taken of their efforts to pro- The printed page alone is the ubiquitous missionvide facilities whereby they may influence their ary." fellow Africans for God. A BLACK FISHER OF MEN The Supreme Need In one of our conferences a young man stood But in all efforts to carry out a more masterly up to testify to the saving grace of God, saying, and united plan we must never lose sight of the "I am not as well educated as some of the rest of fact that our dependence is on the Holy Spirit you, but I can read that Jesus Christ died for my working in the individual heart. The Saviour's sins. I can also read that Jesus said, 'If you folhope for a redeemed world is through individual low me, I will make you fishers of men.' By God's men and women. A printing office becomes trans- grace I will be a fisher of men." figured only when we see its products owned and used by the Spirit of God. One Lord's Day morn- One March evening in 1927, I stood before a ing the writer went to deClare the Word of God group of people with this young man by my side. at an outstation in a remote part of Tembuland. The spokesman for the group said, "We believe Sometimes it was difficult to prevail on two or the words you have spoken to us, but where shall three to enter the little church building in that we find Christ? Show us the way and we will district. On the morning iIi question a man, clad follow." only in a blanket, the badge of heathenism, was lying at the church door waiting for it to be Turning to the fisher of men I said, "This is to opened. As the service proceeded no listener be your work. Can you lead these people to could have been more eager than this man on Christ?" whose countenance was stamped generations of paganism. Within a few weeks he confessed a "By God's grace I can try," was the simple desire to follow Christ, and thereafter every Sun- reply. day morning, and on many week days, he could be seen coming down the valley and entering the Five years later, March, 1932, I was back in little church that he might, sometimes all alone, this same village and with me again was this same converse with God. black son of God. He had called me to dedicate their first church, only a thatched roof mud-build- So complete a break with the customs of a ing, but nevertheless a house built for God by grossly heathen district could not pass unnoticed. those that he had led to Christ.-Clarence E. Carl- Persecution sprang up as if out of the ground, son, in Gems of Cheer.

A Medical Missionary

By REV. ALBERT D. HELSER, Ph.D. Kano, Nigeria, British West Africa, Missionary in West Africa Since 1922 W E ARE just back from a medical preach- rotting flesh and dead bone she groaned and called ing tour, on which Mrs. Helser and David, on God to help her bear the pain. Several men aged four, accompanied me. We went by who had followed me urged me to leave her and Ford, horseback and on foot. A man named said repeatedly, "Save us from the curse of a liv- Dankandi had invited us to visit him and to sleep ing death." As I told of Christ's love for her and in his house. The way was longer than we had of His power to help, a smile softened her tight thought, and it was dark when we reached the mouth and she said, "Will He not help me?" As home of this seeker after God. We had never I was on my knees dressing the foot the mother seen him, but the Eternal Spirit had been working knelt by me and said, "If you will be patient and in his heart and he wanted to be in his house with help my child, I will give her to you that where God's messenger. Before the camp beds and our you go she may go so that she may be like you." few belongings were put away, he whispered to Each week I go to this area some twenty miles his new friend, "Come with me into the stable, I away and as the great open sore heals her little have something to tell you." At first I was tempted heart thrills to the story of Christ's love for helpto say that we could talk the next day, but when less children.

I thought of the great first work of the Church We would like to enlist prayer helpers in the and saw Dankandi's eager face, I went with him. battle for souls here in North Central Africa. We saluted one another, and then ever so· tenderly Hundreds of men, women and young people are this bearded African told me of his love for Jesus, dying every day who have never had a chance to his Saviour. All he knew was that Jesus died for hear the glorious message of redeeming love. They him, and his face was aglow even in that dark have never had a chance to hear how God's own stable as he pressed closer to me and told of how Son went to Calvary's cruel tree in their stead. a great peace had surged through him every day Somehow more and more we feel that God would since he surrendered his all to Christ. This simple have more prayer power brought to bear on sinblack man was not only himself at the gate of ners who have no consciousness of sin. We need Heaven, but he took me with him. prayer helpers who will pray that a consciousness of sin may come into these pagan hearts and make As I sat on the seat provided for the chief's them cry out for mercy. We need some friends guest in Gun Dutse, a child's voice kept calling, who know what Christ has done for them to give "Let me in, let me in." Friends were being greeted and medicines were being prepared for themselves to prayer. various ailments, and no one had time to pay any Kussari is a young man about seventeen. He attention to the slip of a girl though she was sick was desperately sick some weeks ago. Nobody unto death. Then as she was being ordered to be knew what was wrong with him. Some said that quiet and to hide herself, I caught these words, he had an evil spirit. Others said one thing and "Will he not help me?" My first thought was, another. We went to our knees for Kussari. As another beggar or another insane child, but I prayed a pagan nearby cursed and scoffed. Just Christ's love would not let it rest at that. The as surely as God brought down fire on Carmel He least of these need Him most. I left the impor- heard our prayer, and those wild eyes became tant men about me and went out and found a little steady, and that twitching body found rest and girl about eleven who needed loving care for her peace under God's mighty power. Praise God broken body, and especially as a great ulcer was with us for Kussari. rotting away her left ankle. She trembled as I examined her, and my mind went to our own little Take the case of a leper family. The father's girl, who is now eleven, and I loved this helpless hands are both off at the wrists, and his feet off one all the more. Her eyes kept asking, Will God's at the ankles. Leprosy has actually eaten them messenger help me? The mother said, "She is as away. The mother's hands and feet are partly gone already. The little girl, about seven years good as dead." When I began to pull away the old, seems well, but two leper spots show already.

[488 ] courtesy of Missions A BELGIAN CONGO BABY CLINIC AT LEOPOLDVILLE When she was born she was perfect, for leprosy noon and night. The Spirit of God moved on the is not inherited, but by living with her leprous people of Shapa. A man named Audu was saved, parents she has contracted this awful disease. A and the miracle God wrought on his body brought little girl about two and a half, with pearly teeth, others to their Saviour. Audu was left to die; is almost sure, unless we can do something soon, his body was swollen and his eyes would not close to get this same disease. Pray that some way may even when he seemed to sleep. The first four to be found to heal the father's painful, open sores, confess Christ, and other interested friends, went and not only help him to find Christ but also ren- with me to his lone hut. All other friends had der him noninfectious. Pray that some way may deserted him. As we prayed and administered be found to save what the mother has left of her medicine we felt Heaven's power in answer to our hands and feet before they slough off. (I can prayer-helpers' earnest intercession on our behalf. hardly bear to see those filthy hands taking up A prayer-helper had provided for the medicine that precious child.) Pray that some way may be and had backed each tablet and each drop of medifound to treat the seven-year-old girl, who some- cine with prayer. Each morning we went to the how tells me by her eager eyes that she expects us sick one for prayer, and many times during the to save her from the fate of her parents, who have day medicines were sent. Some of the believers given way to despair. Pray that some way may made chicken soup for the forsaken one. He said be found to rear the tiny tot for Jesus and away on the fourth day, after declaring each day that from the danger of contamination. he could not live another day, that he had found a new world with new pe.ople in it. What a change Our hearts overflow as we write. A policeman Christ makes when He saves a lost sinner. When by the name of Ali, who gladly testified both in we left Shapa he came to say good-bye. Several public and private and was baptized some time villagers said, "Under the power of Christ and ago, has since been dismissed from the service be- His servants' medicine the hopeless are given new cause of his stand for Christ. He goes on rejoic- hope, new bodies, new minds and new souls." ing. He laughs and says: "Christ is enough for "Born again" is what Christ says about such as me. Since He has taken possession of me I lack these. God has now given us a new post in Kano, nothing. He is my all in all." in the midst of 3,000,000 souls. Less than a hun- dred natives have accepted Christ. What a par- During a recent village preaching campaign we ish? By His grace and your help many of these held fifty-four services in fifteen days. God honored your prayers by saving twenty-seven souls. shall experience the power of the blood. We lived in their midst and preached morning,

Unoccupied

-<!III By JOHN STEYTLER* IIll- HISTORY tells us that the Christian Church, trade and the practices of the witch doctors. He established in North Africa during the first was followed later by Stanley, who also opened century, flourished until the sixth century, up fresh trails to the interior. Missionaries rewhen disaster overtook it, and it was destroyed by sponded to their appeal and followed them. Pio- Islam. These North African churches have lost neer missionaries moved into Nyasaland, Uganda, their vitality, some think, because they were more Congo, Kenya and Rhodesia. Gradually the mis- concerned with theological discussions than evan- sion movement gained momentum, and numerous gelizing the pagans. Whatever the reason may other mission stations were opened in the interior.

have been, the natural expansion of Christianity, These missions can be compared to shafts of radiating from its source, Palestine, through light penetrating far into the domain of darkness, North Africa southward, was cut short before it superstition and fear as they penetrated deeper penetrated far inland. and deeper, ever expanding and spreading their Afterward nothing was done for evangelizing influence over wider and wider areas, building Africa till the time of Henry the Navigator, when churches, schools, hospitals and trying to bind up the early Portuguese explorers began to feel their the terrible wounds of Africa. Today it is esti- way south along the African coasts. They car- mated that there are nearly 11,000 organized ried with them the cross, the emblem of Christian- Protestant churches and about 2,000,000 profess- ity, and planted it at various points on Africa's ing Christians. The achievement has been im- inhospitable shores, but no attempt at mission mense, considering the time in which it has been work was made. The Dutch colonists were the accomplished; and on the face of it, it would first to try to introduce the Gospel to the natives seem as if Africa has been occupied.

of southern Africa (1665). They were followed But if achievement be appraised from the by the Moravians (1737) and the London Mission- standpoint of the numbers of profes;ing Chris- ary Society (1789). In central Africa the Roman tians, it is very insignificant, for the Christian Catholics opened a mission near Tete on the communicants only form two per cent of the total Zambesi River (1750), but for the rest the in- population of the whole continent. It would there- digenous peoples of equatorial and southern fore appear that missions are only in their youth, Africa remained untouched by Christian influence. and have taken only a step, the first step. Though With the opening years of the nineteenth cen- millions live in the areas that can be considered tury there was a great awakening of missionary virtually occupied, there are still millions that are zeal in European countries, many mission societies as yet untouched by the Christian message. If were established, and pioneer missionaries were Christian missions and their spheres of influence sent in increasing numbers to all parts of the could be thought of as points of light, then view- globe, including Africa, but for half a century ing the map of Africa, it would resemble the pat- little beyond the coastline on the west and south tern of light and shade, which a leafy tree, stand- was reached. The unexplored hinterland, tribal ing in bright sunshine, might throw on the wars, the gloomy forests, the malarial swamps ground. The darker areas would represent those and the sun-scorched plains discouraged attempts areas where populations are still held in the thrall at occupation. of witchcraft and superstition, where disease is In 1852 the intrepid explorer, David Living- rampant and Jesus Christ is not known.

stone, braved the dangers of Africa and laid bare Even in the areas which are considered occu- the wounds of the Dark Continent. What he saw pied, the Christian influence is often very limited.

filled him with profound pity, especially the ter- In the northern parts of Nigeria there is one rible suffering and iniquity caused by the slave Christian to 20,000 people; in the southern dis- • Mr. John G. Steytler graduated from the University of Stellen- tricts of the same country, one Christian to 31,000 people; in French West Africa there are less than bosch, South Africa, in 1917. After teaching in the Cape Province a thousand Christians to 14,000,000 people; in for five years, he joined the staff of the Dutch Reformed Church the Provl·nce of Khartoum there are less than Mission in Nyasaland, East Africa., where he has been head of the twenty missionaries to 1,000,000 inhabitants; in yDeeapras.rtmTenhte ogfenEedruocsiattyionof wtihtheinCathrneegMieissCioonrpfoorratitohne hlaasst mthaidrteeeint ~f:~!b~~/~~llh~'r 1t~3~:Udy at the Graduate School, Yale University, [490 ] Tripoli one missionary to 1,000,000 people. These In the Tete district of Portuguese East Africa were the estimates in 1926, but the position would which adjoins Nyasaland, till 1907 no Christian be more or less the same today. work was done among the 150,000 people living in that area. There was one Roman Catholic mis- Leaving out of account these areas where there sion, which had been established on the Zambesi is definitely some Christian work being carried River about 300 years ago, but it did not try to on, however inadequate, there are others where extend its work beyond the borders of the mission nothi.ng is done at all. Mr. W. J. W. Roome, that station. The Dutch Reformed Church, which had indefatigable traveler, who has on behalf of the a mission in Nyasaland, just across the border, British and Foreign Bible Society traveled tens was repeatedly asked by the natives to extend its of thousands of miles in Africa, gives a list of work among them too, and attempts were made to these fields in his book, "Can Africa Be Won?" secure the permission of the Portuguese officials. From this I select the largest areas mentioned: Permission was consistently refused for several years, but constant dropping can wear away even 1. Abyssinia, which is largely an unreached land with the stony hardness of a Portuguese official, and eight to ten millions of people. permission was eventually given. While these ne- gotiations were proceeding, the government urged 2. Tanganyika, west of longitude 32 east to the shores the Roman Catholics to forestall the Dutch misof Lake Tanganyika, a distance of about 300 miles. sion, and survey parties were sent out to choose a site for a mission in the area where the Dutch 3. A very large area confined between the following mission intended going. The latter managed to boundaries: From the River Tana in Kenya to the Abys- secure from the Roman missionaires a written sinian border, west to Mount Eglon and then north as far agreement as to the boundaries of the spheres of as the Sobat River, a tributary of the White Nile, the field influence, and for a time all went well. lying between Abyssinia and the Nile. Then suddenly, like a bolt from the blue, all the 4. West of Uganda between Lake Albert and Lake Ed- teacher-evangelists of the Dutch mission, totaling ward and stretching 400 miles into the Congo. sixty-five, were arrested by the authorities on the grounds that they did not know Portuguese. Of 5. Another is to be found from the point where the three these teachers seventeen were already in possescQuntries, French Congo, Belgian Congo and Anglo-Sudan sion of Portuguese certificates, and all the others meet, northwards into the Umbangi Province in French were studying the language. Protests were of no territory. This area lies between 20° and 25° east longi- avail, and all were deported to Mozambique and tude and approximately 5° to 10° north latitude. This part were forced to work on sugar plantations. Some is aptly called the "heart of Africa." Its situation justi- managed to escape, others died of hardship, it is fies the title. said, and a few were deported to the Portuguese islands of Panjim and Timor in the West Indies. 6. The middle part of eastern Congo between 20° and After many years some returned to their waiting 24 ° east longitude and 1° to 4 ° south latitude. families, but in 1925 four were still missing, and in 1934 one returned from Panjim Island. 7. From the Lualaba River in the southeast corner of Belgian Congo northward and west of Lake Mweru to the It seemed as if the promising work was ruined shores of Lake Tanganyika. because churches, schools and dwelling houses were left to fall into ruins, but the natives who 8. Portuguese West Africa, especially the southern and had accepted Christianity during the short time northeastern regions. the mission operated, carried on the work of Christianizing their fellow tribesmen in secret. 9. All Portuguese East Africa excepting near the coast. Meetings were held, and are still being held, in 10. The Cameroons, all east of 12° longitude. secret in the leaders' huts at night, or during the 11. The northern territories of the Gold Coast, Togo- day in the bush. One leader was discovered, arland, Dahomey, including the bend of the Niger River. rested and jailed. His Bible and hymn book were 12. The northern section of Liberia, Portuguese Guinea destroyed and he was threatened with more severe and all the French territories of the Ivory Coast, French punishment if he continued his work as Christian Guinea, Senegal and south of that river and the Niger. teacher. This has had the effect of stimulating Christian endeavor, as is evidenced by the fact Within these areas there are 30,000,000 people that every few months scores of Portuguese naabsolutely beyond the reach of the effort of exist- tives who have been taught as described above, ing mission societies. The question arises, Why come across the border into Nyasaland to be exhave these areas not yet been occupied? There amined and taken up into the churches there. are to my mind four main reasons: A more or less similar experience has been the 1. Governments often restrain missions from entering certain fields. In northern Nigeria, for instance, missions have not been allowed to enter the emirates of Kano and Sokoto on the ground that the Mohammedan emirs were told that, when their countries were brought under administration, there would be no interference with their religion by the government. Such restrictions, probably for political reasons, apply with added force to the Portuguese territories. The writer has personal knowledge of the extreme and unreasonable lengths to which such restrictions have been pushed in Portuguese East Africa. The following bit of history will serve to illustrate this.

lot of the mission of the Church of Scotland work- formed which holds regular meetings, and plans ing among the Lomwe tribe in the Quelimane are being discussed for the occupation of Portudistrict further north. Since the European mis- guese East Africa through African evangelists. sionary· has been made to suffer all manner of Two Africans who have offered themselves for hardships and indignities and his work has been "foreign" service are at present studying Portuhampered as much as was possible within the law, guese at Lourenco Marques. One of them, Paulo the mission has been withdrawn temporarily. MiIoto, is a chief in Portuguese East Africa, and There are other missions working near the coast, he has voluntarily given up his chieftianship and and they seem to be less harried, but always they is going to devote his life to the evangelization of are confronted with a hostile government. The his fellow tribesmen in the present unoccupied result of all this has been that Portuguese Africa field of the Tete District. is today still a virtually unoccoupied field. The population is about 3,500,000. The writer does not know whether or not this has already been done in other parts of Africa. 2. Another reason why fields are often unoccu- He, however, feels convinced that that is the evenpied is malarial climate or the prevalence of sleep- tual solution of the problem of spreading the ing sickness. The European missionary is not as Gospel of Christ into areas which are today out resistant to these diseases as the native African. of reach of existing societies. If the history of Thousands of graves remind us of men and wom- the Church in Africa has a lesson to teach, it is en who have, in spite of the danger to which that the church that has no missionary zeal is they exposed themselves, consistently put service doomed to unfertility and eventual stagnation. before self and have given their lives for the The churches in the home lands have to be on Cause. This difficulty is being gradually overcome their guard against this danger, so have the inby the enormous advances made by medical sci- digenous churches in Africa. The ideal of all the ence. The medical missionary more than anybody churches of Christ, in America, Europe and in else has opened up Africa and has made it pos- Africa, is to spend themselves for the cause of sible for the white man to live where it would have making Christ known and regnant in the hearts, been impossible twenty to twenty-five years ago. not only of civilized peoples, but also of the mil- lions of Africa in the occupied as well as the un- 3. Opposition from the natives themselves has occupied fields. until recently kept missions from certain areas. This opposition is still active where Mohammedan CHANGING RACE DIRECTIONS influence is predominant. But this, too, is breaking down. Missionaries from all territories testify Once the missionary to Africa faced chiefly that the doors are open wider today than they pure native problems-superstition, sin, disease, have ever been before. ignorance. The coming of modern industry is so changing great regions that he faces a different 4. Lack of funds is increasingly becoming the race, struggling with the old adverse influences main reason why missions cannot extend their in- still and many new and complicated ones. Rose fluence in the areas where they already exist and Henderson, writing upon the subject, "Modern over the borders into the unoccupied fields. The Industry Changes Africa," in The Southern W orkserious reduction in the budgets of the home boards is endangering the mission enterprise in man, gives this glimpse of new conditions in the field after field. One wonders what the reason for this may be. To the writer it seems like an great copper mining region: act of Providence for bringing the missions to the situation where they will be forced to look more Lying 2,300 miles north of the Cape of Good Hope and to Africa than to Europe and America for help. at about equal distance uetween the Atlantic and Pacific The time has not yet come when the Africans can Oceans, the copper mines employ some 35,000 native workcarryon the work alone, and they will need th~ men and supply a third of the world's copper. Here in help and advice of the white missionary for many the midst of the bush jungle which, two 'or three decades many years. Yet the center of gravity must grad- ago, was hardly inhabited, millions of dollars have been ually shift to the indigenous church, and missions expended by white capitalists and thousands of Negroes will increasingly have to follow the policy of dev- have stepped from primitive jungle huts to modern mines olution. and machinery. Native villages have sprung up, along with hospitals, schools and recreation centers of the mine An encouraging beginning has been made by owners. Black men from ninety different tribes, speaking the Presbytery of Mkhoma, Nyasaland, where the ninety different languages and representing as many difindigenous church has begun its own foreign mis- ferent cultures have been brought together in the employ sion, which is organized, controlled and financed of white capitalists. The result of this industrial developby the Africans, with the help and advice of the ment, as complete as any of its kind in Europe or Amerwhite missionaries. A "home" board has been ica, is a realignment of peoples, a transformation of the continent. The balance of native life has been upset. The direction of human races has been changed. Roads and villages have shifted, customs and beliefs have been up- rooted, ancient cultures and ideals are being destroyed.

CALL

The Drums of Congo and the Gospel By VIRGINIA M. CLARKE, Bolenge, Africa A MONG the Bantu people living in theequa- In many mission stations a special house has .r.. torial forest of the Belgian Congo the been erected to hold a number of these drums signal drum is now being used as an aid which are used regularly to call the people to the to the spread of the Gospel. In a land where it Sunday school, the church services, elders' meetis impossible to see for long distances the only ings and mission school classes. Often it is the way to send a message without a messenger is by special pride and joy of the young boys in the sound. Formerly the chief purpose of the drum boys' boarding schools to beat the message on the was to call people together for fighting. What a big drums which will start old and young hurry- triumph for Christ is this new, peaceful use of ing along the village paths leading to God's the drum! house.

When a missionary is itinerating through the Among the Bankundo, who are found along the tropical forest his heart is gladdened as he wearily equator where the Congo River crosses it for the approaches a village to meet a band of villagers second time, a particular group of phrases is used singing Christian hymns. They come joyfully to to call people to a Protestant church service. In . greet him and to make him welcome. Usually the their language (Lonkundo) it is: "Ikongo ifonge evangelist is in the lead, followed by the Chris- kukola baseka enganbe ea njambola, lotakana, tians and inquirers seeking baptism. On asking lotakana. Tokende bonteke bolosambo bole nda the evangelist how he knew of his coming, the ikongo ifonge kukola." Translated rather freely missionary is told that the drum in the village this means: "Protestants, come together, come which he visited the preceding night had boomed together. Let us go to the church service which through several miles of jungle and swamp to ap- is where the white man is found." prise them of the arrival of the "man of God." Perhaps in the near future the Christian lead- While the missionary is resting before his hut the ers of Congo will find new ways to use their won- evangelist is beating out the call to all the Chris- derful drum language in telling the story of tians to gather for the evening service. Christ's love for all men.

[493 ]

Ways of

'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'=I======================~==~ A CLIMBING RACE of missionary interest and en- nominational headquarters. The deavor. value of united, sequential study Slow moves the pageant of a climb- need hardly be dwelt upon, with ing race; Toward this end your Depart- the abundance of helps and sug- ment Editor has striven earnest- gestions available in magazines Their footsteps drag far, far below ly to assemble worthful material in correlation with the themes. the height, from· many sources to supply If the world is ever to be won leaders of the several group in- for Christ it will be by united, And, unprevailing by their utmost terests with plans and sugges- synchronized effort, not random, might, tions for shaping up programs, individualistic attempts to obey studies, discussions and projects. the Great Commission. Seem faltering downward from each Space will admit of little more hard won place. than citations for these; but it INFORMATIVE MATERIAL may be taken for granted that No strange, swift-sprung exception although a number of different The volume of this is almost we; we trace denominations are involved, unlimited. Your Department nothing is mentioned herein Editor can mention only such A devious way thro' dim, uncertain which is specifically denomina- helps as have been sent in for light. tional. Such details as do appear her personal inspection, as fol- in a few may easily be elimi- lows: Our hope through the long vistaed nated or replaced with the de- years, a sight sired data. As classification ac- "A Course on Africa for Young cording to type of subject matter People" (P), 25c. Of that our Captain's soul sees face is most efficient and saves space, to face. please note that (B) stands for "West Africa Mission" (P), lOco Baptist, (C) for United Chris- "The Road to God's Town" (P), lOco Who, faithless, faltering that the road tian, (L) for Lutheran, (LE) "Africa Journey" (P), lOco is steep, for Miss Leavis, who is litera- "To Africa! To Africa" (for chil- ture secretary for the Central dren) (P), lOco Now raiseth up his drear, insistent Committee on the study of For- "The Pageant of a Climbing Race" cry? eign Missions, (M) for Meth- (C)-yearbook of Home and Foreign odist Episcopal, (P) for Pres- Programs, 5c; packet of activating Who stoppeth here to spend awhile in byterian, and (M.E.M) for material. 50c for either, or 75c for set. sleep Missionary Education Move- Not ready until January. The studies ment, all of whose headquarters for young people alone have been Or curseth that the storm obscures addresses appear at the close of changed to include only the foreign the sky? this article. Nearly all publica- theme. Packets covel' not only infor- tions from nondenominational mative material but dramatizations, Heed not the darkness round you, dull sources may be obtained from poetrv, discussions, etc. and deep; your denominational literature "Missionary Facts on Africa" (B) headquarters, as the "tools in -story material for use in opening The clouds grow thickest when the type" are in reciprocal, neigh- and closinl; exercises of S. S., 15c. summit's nigh. Ready in December. -Paul Laurence Dunbar. borly use. Booklet of Leader's Helps accom- panying each textbook, 15c. The current year's study of THE STUDY BOOKS "Africa View"-book by Julian "the climbing race," particularly Huxley, $2.50. in its foreign aspects, affords an It will not be necessary to take "Education of Primitive People," unusual opportunity to attract space to enumerate these, as by Albert D. Helser, $3.00. the uninterested and enlist the they have been mentioned many "The Remaking of Man in Africa," indifferent. The subject matter times in this and other mission- by J. H. Oldham and B. D. Gibson, is rarely colorful with its appeal ary magazines, and free cata- $1.25. to the exploring impulse; the logues inclusive of descriptive Other auxiliary material will qe universal use of the narrative material are available at de- listed later. form which is indigenous to the African whether in argument, [494 ] PROGRAMS description or instruction-the story is always dominant; the "African Palavers" – a program vivid settings and background plan book (M.), 20c. For young peomaterial; the warm human in- ple but easily adaptable for women's terest; the profound problems organizations. A complete year's outpertaining to development of lines beginning with "The Assembling primitive minds and native leadership, the raising of standards; and most of all the adj ustment of races in a perfect maze of conflicting interests, temperaments and political manipulations. Every wideawake church has its paramount chance to use Africa as a lure into the realm

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

of the Tribes" in September, continu- "Consider Africa" (M.E.M.), 25c. "How to Make an African Village" ing through chapter-by-chapter stud- ies of Margaret Wrong's "~he L~nd A course on Africa by Mrs. Margaret -patterns and directions for making and Life of Africa" and mcludI!lg and setting up; to be used by leaders "The Tribute Festival"-a specIal Holly Tuck. , of boys' and girls' groups (M.E.M.), thank offering program, "Jungle Jam- 25c. boree" for a missionary party, rally "'the Story of the American Negro' or banquet a special "June Palaver," "Pattern Sheets"-African wood an "Intern'ational Program" in July (M.E.M.), 25c. Young People's course carvings; flags of African prote~tor­ and an "Outdoor Safari" (expedition and mealie roast) for August. The by Ina C. Brown. ates; map of Africa for enlargmg; colorful programs are reple~e with African call drum sketch; nut or native nomenClature and storIes, cos- "A Preface to Racial Understand- tumes, rituals in African fashion, of- candy holders like African hl:1ts; ficial titles such as "keepers of the ing" (B), 15c. Programs by Mrs. wooden articles received from AfrIca; fires," "story tellers," etc., use of util- elephant; hibiscus; dance drum, etc. ities such as the call drum, games, Augusta Comstock. demonstrations, dramatizations etc. (M) 10c. Has the true African atmosphere. Other program s.eries, as s~nt in~o "The Healer"–colored poster, 21 x this Department, wIll ,oe mentIOned m "Six Missionary Programs and 28, showing doctor working with s0l!le Eight Teaching Outlines" (Anna Can- later numoers. native Africans with a shadowy PICada Swain) (B), 15c. Based on ture of Christ standing in the back- "Omwa? Are You Awake?" Pro- DRAMATICS ground. Very beautiful and impresgrams excellently adapted for both sive. (St. Philip's Society, 1664 Glenyounger and older folk and c.over the "Africa Gives Thanks" (L), 10c. worship period, abundant mforma- Pageant for thank offering meeting or mount Ave., Akron, Ohio), 85c, but a tional matter, visualization~ and oth~r study class; 11 characters;. simple work of art. entertaining features, natIve musIC, setting and costumes; symbohc. Very special set of 10 English postdiscussion topics, poetry etc. Topics "Robert and Mary" (M.E.M.), 25c. are: "A Treasure Hunt," "Listening Thirteen characters; true story of ers of African life in choice, natural Ears" "Bridges," "Call a Doctor," Moffats; one hour. colors size 15 x 20. These rc'l'ltarkable "Buiiders " and "Studies in Black and pictu';es are used in the schools in the White." 'The study outlines are for "Through the Dark" (M.E.M.), 15c. Congo and 'Were seen by Miss Marlocal church groups using the text- One-act play; 4 characters; medical garet Wong, who had them printedJri mission setting. book. They analyze the subject mat- quantity in England. .An expl.anattqn ter comprehensively. "Ordered South" (M.E.M.), 15c. written by Dr. Cathertne Mabte (mw- Project for enlistment for African sionary) will accompany the set. En- Six Programs on "Congo Crosses," mission work; 3 scenes; 6 adults-4 tire set $1.00, or 5 (not selected but by the same author (B), 15c. For men and 2 women. taken by rote) for 50c. Counting women's missionary societies, business postage, this is actual cost, as all and professional women's groups and "Kanjunda" (M.E.M.), 25c. Shows orders requiring more than 15c postsenior young women's societies. Titles: waning of witch doctor's power; 15 age will be sent at a loss. (LE) "Stop Look, Listen"; "Always Prob- characters; one hour. lems—-'-Even in Primitive Congo"; Attention is called again to the long "Do You Care?"; "Here Comes the "Livingstone Hero Plays" (M.E.M.), Bride"· "Fact Finders of 1937"; 15c. Four dramatizations of Living- list of African program materials aI?-d "On Their Knees." The discussion stone stories which may be used sepa- novelties given in this Department m topics are particularly suggestive and rately or consecutively; for juniors; heart-searching. 40-50 minutes. the July issue of THE REVIEw.a!ld ob- tainaule from LE. In addItIOn to "Lights Aglow in Congo"–outline "Alexander Mackay's Han d s" those mentioned previously, Miss for young people's programs (ready (M.E.M), 10c. Leavis adds a choice leaflet, "The in January) (C) . Titles: "ABo, Glowing Ember of Prayer," by Jea,n Congo!" – showing the importance, "In Our Land It Is Very Dark" position and potentialities of Africa Kenyon Mackenzie, priced at 2c. ThIS in the world today; "Paths in the (L")A,2ncn.a InspI.res a M"IssIOnary C·Irc1e" is a wonderful devotional reading. Dark"-presenting problems crea~ed (Powell and White, 528 Walnut St., by the industrial conquest of AfrIca Cincinnati, Ohio), 15c. Maps and charts, particularly the and the need for education; "Sinister picture maps of Africa with shee~s of Shadows" – social problems which "In Congo Land" (B), 15c. cut-outs to be pasted on progressIvely grow out of impact of Western civi- "Livingstone and Stanley Meet and as different features and regions are lization upon age-old customs; shows Part" 15c. that there must be a give-and-take or "Robert Moffat Returns with Afri- studied, may be purchased at pracsharing as a new world is built; caner," 10c. tically all the denominational head- "Lamplighters"-picture of mission- quarters. The usual price is 50c f.or ary work in Congo, showi~g. ~h~t the "The Teeth That Did Not Drop the map and 10c for the separate PIC- African has all the posslblhtles of Out" (L), 2c. tures. other human beings as well as a passion for developing them; "Around "Our Husband" (C), 25c. Don't try to teach with words only. the Camp Fire"-intended to create a "An African Village Trial" (P), 5c. Visualizations and project work are bond of fellowship between young peo- Sketch presenting the African Chr~s­ particularly fitted to elucidate African ple here and in Africa who have had tian Church and the problems of ItS studies. like experiences through summer con- young members. Six principals and ferences and "akitelos," and to im- 10 or 15 secondary characters. press others as to what that experience can mean to them; "Lights STORIES ADDRESSES FOR MATERIALS Aglow"-to help the young people see "Peter, the Chief's Son"; "A Li?,u Baptist: Baptist Board of Educatheir responsibility in industrial and Hunt"· "Captain John's Mother ; social relationships with their own "Malin'da"; "The Lamp in the Des- tioLn~t1h5e2raMn:adiWsoonmAenv'es.,MNiesswioYnaorryk.Soand other races and countries; to cast ert"; "Just Like Women"; "The Boy ciety, 723 Muhlenberg Bldg., Philadelout greed and prejudice and to pat- Who Won a Town"; "The House of tern their actions after Christ's. Their Hands"; "The Verses That phia, Pa. , Made Livingstone Brave" (L)-2c Methodist Episcopal: Women s For- each. eign Missionary Society, 420 Plum "Even Unto Death" (P), free. "The Congo Woman's Way" (B), 2c. St., Cincinnati, Ohio. .. A wealth of other narrative mate- rial may be obtained from denomina- Christian: The United ChrIstIan tional literature headquarters, some of which will be listed in our later Missionary Society, Missions Bldg., issues. Indianapolis, Ind. . VISUALIZATIONS AND Missionary EducatIOn M~vement: PROJECTS 150 Fifth Ave., New York CIty.

Picture Sheet of Africa, for use in Miss M. H. Leavis (designated scrap books, posters, and to paste on maps of Africa (M.E.M.), 25c. previously as LE) : 186 Massachusetts Ave., Boston, Mass. . Presbyterian: Board ?f ForeIgn Missions of the PresbyterIan Church, 156 Fifth Ave., New York.

Gleanings from the Editor's "Costumes – How to Make and New York, has been experiment- Notebook Wear Them" is a cover-all pamphlet ing with a new program which inclusive of detail from many foreign has some most attractive fea- Spending the entire summer fields, obtainable at the BaptIst Board tures. It is designed for chap- at Lakeside, Ohio, with its of Education at 25c. ters who wish to meet weekly wealth of summer conferences, instead of monthly. It extends the Department Editor's note- This board also handles a "Catalog the Hero Courses into projects book overflowed with sugges- of Plays and Pageants," which is a and is built on a Four Point tions for making current studies selected, classified list according to Project basis. The following ex- attractive and forcible. These country and subject, with names of ample using Livingstone as a will be doled out from issue to authors and publIshers. Its 24 pages subject is illustrative: issue during the year, but a few cover more than 400 plays and pagitems of miscellaneous but help- eants, lOco 1st week (Skill Meeting): ful character may be given here- Map-making project. with. Look these over, for you The play listed previously as "An may find just the methods African Village TrIal" illustrates the 2d week (Study Meeting): "gadget" that you need. way in whiCh an ordinary Sunday Hero Program – Life story of school class may change itself in a one whose success depended on Mrs. Kellersberger, author of moment into an African village by ability in map-making. "Congo Crosses," is giving her ~nt,ire shift of furnishings and play of honorarium to the Protestant MIssIon imagination, with no properties or cos- 3d week (Service Meeting): Council with headquarters at Leopold- tUming. Making map of Paul's journeys, ville, Africa, for work among the of missionary fields, of local women and children. She keeps not a Poetry and Music: Both ~re invalu- community, etc. single cent for herself. Isn't this an able in presenting essentIal Negro object lesson in devotion? character both in our land and Africa. 4th week (Inspirational Meet- While more expensive song books may ing): Ceremony of Maps, us- Incidents easy to dramatize are not be practical for the average ing Livingstone and Africa; found in abundance in the study group, "Southland Spirituals," ar- Paul and the Inland Sea; Chris- books "Consider Africa," "Christ in ranged by the Rodeheaver Co., and tianity and world map. the Great Forest," "We Sing Amer- sold by all denominational literature ica " and other Friendship Press books headquarters at 25c will serve the pur- With each missionary hero a on 'current studies. You may get help pose admirably. An abundance of in making your dramatizations in Negro poetry-mostly concerning th,e different project is introduced. "Meet Your United States," by Mary American Negro but true to the UnI- For example: Chalmers-Proj- J ennes (cloth, $1.00; pa~er,. 60c ~ ; versal type – may be found in, pal- ect in swimming and life-saving. and in "Informal DramatIzatIOn III verton's "Anthology of AmerIcan (He was a swimmer and saved Missionary Education," by Elizabeth Negro Literature," 95c; "Singers in boys from drowning); Grenfell Miller Lobingier (paper, 10c)-both the Dawn," compiled by R. E. Eleazor, – Boating and shipbuilding. from the Friendship Press. Scribner'S and sold at the Conference on Educa- (He was a builder); Ian Keith have a more ambitious work entitled tion and Race Relations, Atlanta, Ga., Falconer – Cycling. Paton- "Ventures in Dramatization," by for lOCi James Weldon Johnson's Farming. Whitman-First aid. Hulda Neibuhr ($1.75). "Book of American Negro Poetry," Morrison-Woodworking. $2.00; and "Caroling Dusk," edited Bear in mind a few pointers in pre- by Countee Cullen and sold at $2.5.0. -Missions Magazine. senting Negro dramatizations, how- Your own publishing company WIll ever. usually secure for you standard, books A Circulating Library like the expensive ones above CIted. Rigidly avoid caricature in costume, For a number of years the manner or "blacking up." Negroes Manner and Motivation of Negro Women's Department of the may be brown, their impersonatio~s Presentations: A leaflet by the M.E.M. Baptist State Convention has being taken by brunettes, or the skm of the United States and Canada says: operated a circulating library. may be left white rather than to elicit The work of circulating the the merriment caused by the "black- A program on the Negro should be books has been under the direct face." what any program should be. It supervision of the State Reading should tell something that is worth Contest Secretary. A definite Is it fair to show only the illiterate, passing on; something that one group amount is allowed each year for superstitious, ignorant types, the wants other people to know; some- the purchase of new books and "savages," as representative of Afri- thing that makes them think and feel postage incurred in mailing can population when picturing com- the way they wish them to feel. If them to the various churches. munities that have educational and the members of any group have The rule is that the church using intelligent industrial types also? drawn inspiration from Negro poetry the books should pay return and music, and have come to respect postage. There is no time limit While Negro spirituals are invalua- and admire Negroes as a race and as for keeping the books, as it has ble for atmosphere both with Ameri- indivduals, then it will be easy to pass been found by experience th~t can and African Negro studies, should on those facts and inspirations and at- it is better to allow each church they not be sung with true devotional titudes. . . . You may decide that the privilege of keeping the spirit, as they were originally sung, Negroes will fill Negro roles more ef- books as long as they are being rather than to create laughter by fectively than white persons made up. read. When no longer in cir~ "acting up"? And you will be right about this. , , . culation they are returned to the If your group has no Negro members State Secretary. An attempt at Negro dialect may but has Negro friends who would like lead to the same serious error. Never to help out, it would be wise to invite -Missions Magazine. betray your programs into the hands them to do so. But do not ask any of the "Amos and Andy" type of per- Negro to participate unless .you a!"e formers. If you do you will lose all sure that he will be treated WIth courmissionary effect. tesy and respect not only by the mem- bers of the group but also by the Dramatic Helps: Reasonable brown audience. skin effects may be obtained from Steain's Preparation for Theatrical ANew Educational Program Work available at drug stores or in mail order houses. Rev. Theodore L. Conklin, High Counsellor for Eastern

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BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK "WHERE MY POOR LIVE"

"Once, a long, long time ago, God feelin' tired, went to sleep an' had a nice wee nap on His throne. His head was in His han's an' a wee white cloud came down and covered Him up.'

Purty soon He wakes up an' says He: "'Where's Michael?'

"'Here 1 am, Father!' said Michael.

" 'Michael, me boy,' says God, '1 want a chariot and a chariot- eer!'

" 'Right ye are!' says he, and up comes the purtiest chariot in By courtesy of Art Exten&ion Press, Inc., Westport, Conn. the city of Heaven an' the finest charioteer. CRElATION OF FLOWERS – DRAWN BY AN AUST R I AN CHILD " 'Me boy,' says God, 'take a Prayer for Slum Clearance* the special strains and irritations, and million tons of th' choicest seeds the moral exposures of crowded quar- of th' flowers of Heaven an' take Father of all mankind, who hast ters; by our pleasure in the joyous signally blessed the human family as play of our happy children in God's a trip around th' world wi' them. the cradle of divinity, and hast out-of-doors, do Thou lay upon our Scatther them,' says He, 'be th' granted to us the security and conscience the plight of countless roadsides an' th' wild places of strength, the joy and comfort, and the families whose lives are cramped and th' earth where my poor live.' supporting goodness of our homes, do thwarted for lack of space and air in Thou forgive us that we have been which to live, and play, and grow in " 'Aye,' says the charioteer, content to accept these precious gifts stature and in favor with God and of life but have taken little thought man. 'that's just like ye, Father. It's th' purtiest job of m' afther life of those whose lot confines them to the By the anguish of our prayers for slums of our cities. our own children, that they may be an' I'll do it finely.' saved from sin and may grow in grace "'It's just come t' me in a Give us, we pray Thee, a vivid sense and goodness, do Thou make us ashamed of our toleration of the dream,' says th' Father, 'that of the little children condemned to live slums, which in disproportionate in crowded tenements and to play measure continue to make criminals th' rich have all th' flowers down amidst the traffic of the streets, de- and prostitutes of many boys and there and th' poor have none at prived of the simplest elements of girls who never had a chance. 0 God all. If a million tons isn't human health and happiness, rojbed of love and justice, we acknowledge even of the common heritage of pure before Thee our personal and !orpoenough, take a billion tons!' " air and sunshine. Make us conscious rate responsibility for the sins of At this point I got in some of the preventable disease which such perverted lives. breeds in the narrow alleys, and in questions about God's language the dark inner rooms where sunlight Grant us grace at this time to gird and the kind of flowers. never comes. "Well, dear," she said, "He ourselves for action. May our city spakes Irish t' Irish people. . . . By our hope of Thy mercy as we sit and the nation put their hand to the "Th' flowers," she said, "were concerned by the sickbeds of our own clearance of the slums and to the little ones, may we be willing in love building of homes more fit for the primroses, buttercups an'daisies, to share the anxiety, the anguish, and children of God. Vouchsafe to us in . . . an' from that day to this the grief of the parents of the poor this task of Thy kingdom a special there's been flowers a-plenty for as they watch by their sick or mourn sense of Thy nearness and Thy love, the death of those who need not have inasmuch as we would do it unto Thee. us all everywhere." sickened or died but for the conditions For Jesus' sake, Amen. Thus, "My Lady of the Chim- in which they are oJliged to live. • F rom "Prayers for Self a nd Societ y, " by ney Corner" told her ninth child, In the measure of our longing for James Myers ; As sociation Press, N. Y.; 15c. Alexander Irvine, of the crea- a happy home for our dear ones, with space for gracious living, free from tion of the flowers.

[497 ]

ARE YOU PRAYING? "A LIFE TO GIVE" Missions, on the theme, "The Negro in America." Even the For the observance of the In "God's Candlelights," writ- catalogue is good reading.

World Day of Prayer on the first ten by Miss Mabel Shaw, and "Glimpses of Negro Ameri- Friday in Lent, February 12, available for one dollar in cloth, cans" is a 24-page illustrated 1937, the program was written Friendship Press, New York, booklet giving in concise form by Miss Mabel Shaw, founder of the Livingstone Memorial Girls' the author relates: facts about eight areas of Negro Boarding School at Mbereshi, Kawamba, Northern Rhodesia, One clear evening I went life today: Where Are They? Africa. down to the leper camp at the Who Are They? Where Do end of our village. There were They Live? How Do They Sup- very few of them there. It was port Themselves? Where Do In accepting the invitation to not a pleasant place. . . . And They Get Their Education? prepare the world program, yet they gave me a glad wel- What About Their Health? Do Miss Shaw wrote, "You will be come. They had many needs to They Go to Church? Are They interested to hear that Mbereshi make known: not enough fire- Citizens? The booklet closes 'kept' the Day of Prayer this wood, no salt had been given with a section asking, "Where year. There was prayer in the with last week's rations, they Do You and I Come In?" in school chapel, unceasing from were naked, could I not see? . .. which the interracial movement dawn till set of sun. The girls were there in small groups; even They told me a lion had been is described and the opportunity the little children took their part. At sunset there was a about. . . . before the churches is pointed gathering of all the Christian women in the village church." At last I rose to go. I gave a • out. 6 cents a copy.. $4.00 a When it is ten o'clock, morn- last word and greeting, promised hundred.

ing, in New York, the .tiI?e of I'd remember all their needs, The Department of Race Relations, day in Northern RhodeSIa IS five and was just about to mount my Federal Council of Churches, has colo'clock in the afternoon. bicycle, when out of one of the lected pamphlets from various sources. There are two packets. Packet No. 1 A CALL TO PRAYER little houses came, the old leper contains the pamphlet described above, head-man. He held a spear be- "Amer ica's Tenth Man," and "School tween the stumps that once were Money in Black and White." 15 cents hands, and he went h0bblI' ng a single packet. along the path in front of me. I called to him, and he stopped and Packet No.2 is supplementary ma- looked round. terial for leaders of groups; for ex- Together let us "Where are you going?" ample, a 43-page booklet on cotton- growing communities in rural Amer- Thank God and praise Him for the ica. 30 cents a single pack et. manifestation of Himself in Jesus Christ, and in the abundant life; "I am going to escort you to ……;==::::;] Thank God and praise Him for fol- Mbereshi Village, you can't go alone with lions about/' lowers of Jesus Christ who have made Him known; I smiled at him. "But on my Thank God and praise Him for the world f ellowship of prayer-and bicycle I'll be there in a minute." let each seek a new consecration to Jesus Christ. He would not have it, it was not fitting for me to go alone. I Together let us pray looked at him, a feeble old man, That the church be strong and cou- rageous; handless, feet half-eaten, his whole body covered with marks That the missionary zeal of Chris- of disease, and his face most tians be purified and spread pitiful. through all the world; That the community in which we I said to him half-banteringly, live be recreated through the con- secrated service of God's children; and with a smile, "Now what That our nation measure all activi- could you do if a lion came?"

ties by Christ's law of love and He drew himself up, and with universal brotherhood; a quiet dignity said, "Have I not That the whole earth be filled even a life to give?" in this our day with the knowl- I was silent, seeing a Cross. I edge of the living God, and of His followed him to the village, Son, Jesus Christ.

The World Day of Prayer is thanked him and came home, sponsored by the Council of having met with God face to Women for Home Missions, 105 face. . ..

East Twenty-second St., New ARE YOU STUDYING? York, and the Foreign Missions Conference, 156 Fifth Ave., New Good reading, as well as edu- J. R . S oo tlord York. The Day is observed in cational in content, are the new DOR CH EST E:R AC AD E MY SCHOOLGIRL. more than fifty countries. books published by the Mission- ary Education Movement and McI NTOSH, GEORGIA The program material for F ebruary 12, 1937, is ready. the Council of Women for Home

i OuJM!:~r~~~:~feCu~~~?Ok I '~II=.======================================

.it EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO "

~11=========~==========I$ii)§i AFRICA back to Ethiopia after furlough ment. Twice follow-up meet- in America, have been able to ings have been held with the re- One By One Work in Egypt continue their interrupted jour- sult that hundreds of the rather Missionaries in Egypt deplore ney. -The Life of Faith. wild mountain Bakiga are flock- ing to the churches. Large the lack of desire to win "other Christian Police Association bands are going out teaching. sheep," even on the part of born- One outcome has been that na- About a thousand new mem- tive church collections increased again Christians. Words flow bers joined the International by about half during the last easily, but there is little definite Christian Police Association in three months of the year. It is praying for the conversion of South Africa last year. About expected that the Diamond J ubisouls. A few years ago a coun- ninety police stations and depots lee may be celebrated in 1937. terpart of the English "One By at different places in the Union were visited by the Traveling -C. M. S. Outlook. One Band" was started, and the call to individual work was p:r:e- sented. It was urged that it Secretary, and the most encour- The March of Progress would be a help to be definite in aging feature is that so many prayer if answers were recorded men have accepted Christ as A significant evidence of in the little book "Throne of their Saviour. change in West Africa is seen Grace"; many have now joined The membership of the I. C. in the attendance of the native the Band and some have had an- P. A. in South Africa is now King of Oyo at the reunion of swers to prayer for individuals. about 3,800. During the year old students of St. Andrew's 1,000 New Testaments have been College, Oyo. In all the years of A little group of Egyptian' circulated, besides thousands of the college's history it has never "One by One" members now ex- tracts and leaflets, and many let- been visited by a king. He is ists at almost all the stations of ters of thanks have been re- regarded as too sacred to be the Egypt General Mission, com- ceived from those who have re- looked upon by the common peoposed of teachers, Biblewomen ceived blessing through these. ple, and always when giving auand a few Christian women in The strength of the European the districts. At a testimony force of the South African police dience his face would be hidden meeting of members among the is between 7,000 and 8,000, plus by a veil of coral beads suswomen in Zeitoun last October, the native police, which is be- pended from his crown or coral one told how she had long prayed tween 3,000 and 4,000. headgear. But even the most for a brother who had been ter- strongly entrenched customs of ribly opposed to even the men- -The Life of Faith. the old days are giving way betion of Christ or religion, and fore the march of progress. To- how her prayer had been an- The C. M. S. in Uganda day the theory is gaining ground swered by the brother's conver- that as a king is supported from sion. Dr. J. E. Church of the C. M. the taxes paid by his people, the S. tells how one and another of people should both see and know -Egypt General Mission News. the Christians in Uganda and the man whom they support as Missionaries May Remain in Ruanda have been led during their ruler. Ethiopia the past six years into a new and -C. M. S. Outlook. deeper knowledge of Christ, and Dr. T. A. Lambie, Director of have a keen desire to bring oth- Open Doors in Nigeria the Sudan Interior Mission in ers to Him. "Those who had The Northern Provinces of Addis Ababa, writes that he has this new experience returned to Nigeria-Kano, Sokoto, Katsina obtained permission from Gen- their homes or to visit friends and Bornu, with some other Mo- eral Graziani, the Viceroy, for at other stations, and caused a hammedan sections-have been the missionaries of the Society stir by their obvious joy and en- strictly closed against the misto remain and carryon their thusiasm. Following a conven- sionary and his message. Ef- work. As a result of this news, tion at Kabale last year a move- forts have been made to secure Mr. Eric Horn, a New Zealand- ment of individual conviction religious toleration, and in 1933 er, and his wife and three-year- and repentance began, and in and 1934 sites were given the old son, who were held up in the 250 out-schools this became Sudan Interior Mission in Kano London last April on their way in some places a mass move- and at Garko, thirty-six miles [499 ]

from Kano City. This year the Cameroun Churches WESTERN ASIA Mission has been granted further openings into the once There has been a gain of about Keith-Falconer Mission Jubilee closed areas, and sites are prom- 1,000 in the communicant memised in each of the provinces bership of Pre s by t e ria n The Keith-Falconer Mission above named. One site has been churches in the Cameroun, in South Arabia completed 50 selected at Roni, seventy miles bringing the number to 37,935, years of service in 1935. Today, northwest of Kano City. with a gain of nearly 2,000 in the mission station at Sheikh the number of catechumens, who Othman is many times the size Recently, one of Northern number 52,782. The average of the small grass hut in which Nigeria's leading Emirs said; Sunday attendance for the sixty- Ion Keith-Falconer started his "I would welcome missionaries four churches with their 1,230 work; but it has approximately anywhere in my territory, even outposts is 115,000. Christian the same site. The medical staff in this town where I live, and work is harder than in earlier comprises two male doctors and any of my people who wish to days, due partly to the contact one woman doctor, two nursing become followers of your faith with a civilization shot through sisters, and an Arab staff of sixwill not be hindered in so do- with evil, the deplorable fact teen. The boys' school has fifty ing." Negotiations are under that second generation Chris- boys and four teachers; and way for missions to take over tians are in general less depend- there is a small girls' school. the provincial leper camps, now able than first and the large The influence of the mission is under government supervision, number who make a start then felt throughout the Aden Prowhich will mean a further open- leave the Christian way. tectorate and beyond; patients ing of the Moslem areas to mis- come by the hundred for treatsions. Nearly 7,000,000 people But over against this is the ment from the mountainous and are now brought within the pos- splendid force of native Chris- fertile Yemen. They carry back sible hearing of the Gospel. tian assistants, many of whom to their homes the example of are as earnest and as loyal to the Christian service and the seeds -The Christian. cause as the missionaries them- of Christian truth. There are at selves. These native workers least three small dispensaries Sleeping Sickness Problem are not confined to the evangel- staffed by mission-trained boys. istic force, but are in the educa- The Nlong River with its tional, the medical, the indus- Literacy is rare in South Arabranches is literally the valley of trial, and all lines of missionary bia, so that as yet Gospel distrithe shadow of death because it work, w h i I e throughout the bution cannot be a hopeful way is thickly infested with the tset- churches are many men and of Christ's entry. The simplest se fly-carrier of trypanosomi- women giving much time and possible primary schools are a asis, or sleeping sickness. Be- effort to Christian work. Mis- crying need. fore treatment by Europeans sionary societies organized by began, every infected person the Africans themselves send Arabia Goes Modern succumbed. The French medical catechists to unoccupied fields, service has many doctors in the carryon their support, and in Arabia, in company with all field giving their whole time to some cases have built chapels to Near East countries, is being diagnosis and treatment of this care for the groups thus col- rapidly modernized, and harddisease; they have healed many. lected. ship is resulting to many who have not yet reacted to the There are three large centers Medical Work in Tripoli change. Usages of almost sacwhere the principle part of their rosanct significance are being work is to care for and treat the The medical mission in Tripo. put aside. In the sacred sanctupatients. In some of the camps li, of the North Africa Mission, ary electric light has been inas many as 500 patients take a which has been running for stalled, and the men who tended three months course of treat- nearly fifty years, was in dan- the hundreds of olive oil lamps ment. Several remedies are ger of being closed by the Italian are no longer needed. Motor cars used, nearly all forms of arsenic, authorities. Dr. James Liley, now carry the pilgrims to the which seems to be most effec- who is in charge, has, however, holy cities of Mecca and Medina, tive. These are injected at in- been duly recognized and regis- and the thousands of camels and tervals of from five to ten days. tered in Rome, which carries their attendant army of camel- The treatment sometimes causes permission to practice in Italian men, formerly employed, are not blindness, but it is either blind- colonies. A hampering regula- now required. The Hejaz Govness or·death, for without treat- tion is one which does not per- ernment is reported to have 300 ment there is only one outcome. mit a doctor to compound medi- cars in use, and King Ibn Evangelists throughout this re- cines even for his own patients. Saoud's own procession of cars gion live with, and minister to This must be done by a chemist, may be anything up to 150. the people. Missions have a and consequently adds to the share in combatting the disease, cost of treating the crowds of Diminution of the number of but government forces are well indigent sufferers who come for pilgrims is so great that the organized, so that no place is help. thousands of Arabs in sacred uncared for. cities who lived by serving them -World Survey Service. are now destitute. Medina -The Drum Call.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTOOK

which before the War may have ic institutions, such as schools agricultural impleme~ts and other rural acceSSOrIes. Mr. had a population of 80,000 is and hospitals." Such in brief is Case led the group in prayer and the cavalcade moved on. The now estimated to have 8,000. the summary of a significant band came early into action and we dashed through the town to Such is the etfect of electricity statement made to Bishop Moore the unexpected but inspiring strains of 'Marching Through and motor cars. of the C. M. S., by some of the Georgia.' Citizens said: 'There -The Indian Witness. leaders of the Ezhavas, a com- goes Padre Case to build a new Burma.' When the band tired munity numbering well over two playing, it took to singing, 'Counting Its Blessings" and Situation in Palestine million who reside in Travan- 'Gathering at the River,' in hopeful mood. Arriving at the There appears to be no appre- core and the surrounding dis- village the group resolved itself tricts. They are described as a into Boy Scouts, Sunday school ciable improvement in the sit- virile people, with a strong com- teachers, Passion players and uation in .t'alestine. More troops . munal consciousness, and a de- friends of everybody. Games have been brought in and thus termination to rise. Many have were organized and the village tar authorities have been un- education, good houses and children entered in shoals. Mr. able to establish order. The fear lands; and there have been Case busied himself visiting continues among Jews that Brit- among them lawyers, poets, doc- school gardens, where some ain may yield to the Arab de- amazing triumphs of agriculturmand for the setting aside of tors and religious leaders. al ingenuity were on view, inthe Balfouy declaration which specting his 'Christian pigs,' promises to facilitate "the es- Early in the year their execu- giving a blessing here and a tives, by a vote of twenty-six out warning there. The day ended Lablishment in Palestine of a of thirty resolved on the Ezha- with a religious play, very well National Home for the Jewish vas embracing Christianity. A done by the members of the People" (this being followed by band, in which the foes of rural the words, "it being clearly un- referendum reveals that in most progress and the way to overderstood that nothing shall be localities from 60 to 90 per cent come them were depicted in favor the proposal. ways familiar alike to the resi- dent peasant and the wandering done which may prejudice the If the decisive step of adopt- secretary." ing Christianity is taken, the civil and religious rights of ex- task of imparting adequate in- Significant Event isting non-Jewish communities struction to multitudes of conin Palestine"). The Arabs de- verts will tax to the uttermost The Watchman-Examiner reclare that they will die rather ports an event of extraordinary than give up the battle. The the resources of the missions significance for India. A young which are carrying on work Brahman, a graduate of Madras Government recently decided to there. The Christian congrega- Christian College, was stationed appoint a royal commission for tions in those parts are small at J anumpet as the new postthe study of the whole situation master. After watching and in Palestine as soon as order is and weak, and not well fitted to talking with the Christians of cope with such a situation. Hap- that section he came forward established. The Arabs declare pily some help is available from for baptism. This was adminthat they have· already had istered by one of the pastors, a the stronger Christian commu- Mr. Paul who is an outcaste. enough of commissions and will nity in the Tamil country far- Then this young man became indo nothing to cooperate in sus- terested in Mr. Sunkiah's daughpending the "strike" in order ther south; and parties of vol- ter, a young widow living with that the proposed commission untary workers, such as school her parents. The marriage ceremay look into things. Wide- teachers on holiday, have been money was performed by Mr. spread anti-Semitism partly ex- already coming at their own ex- Paul :-a convert from the high- pense to render assistance for a est caste baptized by a convert plains the deadlock. from the outcastes and married short period in this great work. to an outcaste, and a widow! B ish 0 p Freeman, of the -Original Secession Magazine. American Episcopal Church, Argument for Unity and others have petitioned the Rural Reconstruction Recent events in India have British Government to stand brought into sharp relief the fact that the attractiveness of firm in its policy respecting Pal- In 1917 American Baptist estine and the Jews. Christian missionaries took to farming Arabs, with a representation of and acquired five acres of land Roman Catholics, have sent a for demonstration. The venture protest urging more accurate ac- prospered and in 1922 the govquaintance with Arab griev- ernment leased 180 acres to the ances. -United Presbyterian. Mission, enabling them to open INDIA-BURMA a school which has proved a hap- py instance of cooperation. In the Baptist Missionary Review, The Ezhavas Look Toward J. Z. Hodge describes a weekly Christ rural pilgr1image in which he "Weare dissatisfied with Hin- joined.

duism; we admire Jesus Christ; "We started early, and in we appreciate the lives of the state. A trailer attached to the Christian missionaries; we ad- car contained the school brass mire the Christian philanthrop- band, distributed among various

Christ and His Gospel depend ing murder sentences. The one chow, for up to about three very largely upon the conduct who at first was chief objector years ago it was forbidden by and character of the Christian to Christian teaching is now the the Government. Today there Church. When, eight months most diligent learner. She can is an up-to-date broadcasting ago, Dr. Ambedkar called upon repeat from memory the fif- station in Foochow itself, and the 60,000,000 untouchables of teenth Psalm, the Lord's Prayer practically every other house in India to give up Hinduism and and other Bible verses given her. this crowded city has its own embrace some other religion that In addition, she has assumed the wireless. The programs include will give them opportunities for responsibility of teaching the educational lectures, top i c a I a fuller life, a leader of the de- other women who cannot read. talks, Chi n e s e music, the pressed classes said that his peo- When one of the prisoners was weather and news. Mission ple hesitated to adopt the Chris- released, she took with her schools are asked from time to tian religion, because, whereas copies of hymns, verses. and time to put on a musical pro- they were one solid, united com- tracts, promising to carry the gram, and no obj ection to sacred munity under Hinduism, they light to others. . music is raised. Last Christmas feared they would be divided and – Watchman-Examiner. a sermon was put on.

scattered among numerous sects -C. M. S. Outlook.

when they became Christians. Siamese Church Progresses Poverty Increases Opium The force of this argument must Consumption The two years' history of the be admitted when one sees the Church of Christ in Siam is The secretary for Chinese af- Christian Church split into 163 proving it capable of self-gov- fairs in Straits Settlements in units in India, in America 250 ernment and self-support. In reporting on the opium situation most of the ten stations, new to the International Labor Office or more, some serious rivals, fields have been opened, or new at Geneva, maintains that the others claiming exclusive pos- church buildings erected to care harder and more killing the la- for growing congregations. In session of the truth. -The Living Church.

Gandhi's Son Embraces Islam Kiulungkiang Station, Dr. Cur- bor, and the more beastly the tis Galt lists himself as "straw conditions in which the laborer Mahatma Gandhi seems to boss," with the work of the hos- lives, the greater the temptation sense no religious conviction be- pital and the responsibility for to become an addict. A similar hind his son Harilal's conversion the local church on the shoulders report was made for workmen to Islam, and says that "those of his associate, Dr. Kateya, and t h r 0 ugh 0 u t the Far East.

responsible for his acceptance of Siamese-trained colleagues. The "There can indeed be little doubt Islam did not take the most or- dedication of the new Cantonese that the opium problem would dinary precautions as to the Church in Bangkok took place lose much of its intensity," the genuineness of his profession. during the winter, and Chieng- committee declared, "if the con- Surely conversion is a matter mai reports four new chapels ditions of work and life of the between man and his Maker who dedicated and four others under workers affected were improved alone knows His creatures' construction. Most of these are by such means as the adj ustment hearts; and conversion without permanent buildings. The Pet- of hours of work to the normal a clean heart is, in my opinion, chaburi Churches collaborated physical possibilities of human a denial of God and religion." with the government in holding labor, a medical organization He asks his Moslem friends to an agricultural fair which drew capable of insuring adequate examine Harilal in the light of some 20,000 people. In only one treatment of illness, the adjusthis immediate past, and if they town has there been any definite ment of wages to a level suffind that his conversion is a soul- persecution of Christians. In ficient to allow a standard of livless matter, to tell him so plainly six of the stations there are ing consistent wit h normal and disown him, and if they dis- either groups of lepers, or sep- health and comfort, the estabcover sincerity in him, to see arate leper churches. In Srita- lishment of facilities for lathat he is protected against marat, fully half of the lepers borers to be accompanied by temptations so that his sincerity are not Siamese, but Mohamme- their wives and families when results in his becoming a God- dan Malays, who have a vigor- employment involves protracted fearing member of society. For ous prejudice against Christian- absence from their homes, the many years the son has led a ity; or Chinese who do not settlement wherever possible of profligate, dissipated life. understand Siamese, so that op- such laborers on land in which -Dnyanodaya. portunities·:.for evangelism are they would cultivate food sup- Women Prisoners in Assam limited, tho ugh persistently nlies, and the provision of in- used. -Foreign Missions. creased facilities for the utiliza- A group of Bible women have CHINA tion of spare time." been going regularly to the Gau- -Christian Advocate.

hati jail in Assam to carry the Broadcasts from Foochow Rural Projects Christian message to women prisoners, numbering from five Broadcasting is a compara- In a letter from the field to to eight, some of whom are serv- tively recent innovation in Foo- World Call is reported some of

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTOOK

the work being done by Mr. To Teachers: of the pupils were such little Wang Chi-tien who was sent The disciplinary influence of a girls that the Religious Educato Hofei to undertake a work of teacher is great, but seldom of value tion secretary said: "How can reconstruction from the Chris- if exerted through corporal punish- these children get anything? tian point of view. He has se- ment. Sympathetic guidance will do This is a class to train leaders, far more to mold a child's character lected one village near enough to than force can ever hope to do. not a children's meeting!" But Luchowfu to make pos3ible the Tactful cultivatio_n of good habits there they were, apparently abuse of the various institutional sorbing very little. Later, a resources and specialists of the will greatly strengthen a developing school was asked for by the peo- character.

Children whose mentality is below city, and some of the steps al- normal need special understanding ple in Wang Family Village and ready taken are: and sympathy. Every effort should be made to develop in them the will the "too little" girls scrubbed 1. An improved school for the boys to study and persevere. and made ready a room. They and girls of the village has been began by having a daily Bible A good teacher's pride is in the started with a Christian teacher in mental development of his pupils class, to learn how to be Christcharge. The school is practically self- rather than in their scholastic success. like. supporting. To Socia·l Workers: -Woman's Missionary Friend. 2. For the many poor children who cannot pay even the small fees of this The social worker's first aim should Baptist Centennial school, two hour classes are taught by be to provide for children who are the pupils of the regular classes, thus homeless or whose homes do not offer Canton extends a special welmaking education possible for even the necessities for their moral and come Oct. 13-18, 1936, to all visthe poorest child in the village. physical development. itors for the Centennial pro- gram, commemorating the first 3. Medical service, medicine and There is ample scope for the estab- hundred years of American, health education are provided at a cost lishment of welfare centers, children's British and Swedish Baptist within the reach of all at the clinic refuges and hospitals, healthy play- Mission work. In Canton one established by the Luchowfu Christian ground and recreation centers, etc. may see the fruits of the labors Hospital. of I. J. Roberts of Tennessee, In many places effective measures who was the first foreigner to 4. The young men of the village are are not yet in force for prevention of live outside of the restricted organized into a class in the evening. the ill-treatment or neglect, kidnap- area. One of the strongest ping or selling of children. churches in Canton, the begin- 5. Women's classes are held twice nings of the printing of Chriseach week to teach better home-mak- The task of caring for and educat- tian literature and indigenous ing. ing the thousands of underprivileged medical work eventually de- children in this country, training them 6. Means are provided for economic to loyal and useful citizenship, is a improvement through the service of tremendous one, but on it depends the the government reconstruction unit. future strength and vitality of China. Improved seed and improved stock may be obtained by the simple means -China Bookman. of exchanging their poor seed for the Radiating Knowledge improved, and breeding their own One of China's outstanding veloped from his labors. stock to the improved stock without educationalists, T'ao H sin g – Watchman-Examiner. cost. Many hundreds of new trees are made available for the village, Chih, started the idea of pupils Opium Slaves Set Free and will be planted at Arbor Day festivities. in school teaching other people. The Salvation Army main- As a teacher your success he Sequel to "Children's Year" thinks, is measured not by what tains a refuge for opium addicts you have taught your pupil but in China. Since last September "Children's Year" began in by what he has taught another twenty-four men have passed August, 1935, but political un- and what that second has taught through the refuge, and twelve rest and illiteracy have ham- a third and what the third has have been perfectly cured. The pered the movement. Never be- taught the fourth; in short by War Cry tells of one who had fore has such a campaign been the number of generations of traveled many miles to take the launched. The government, in pupils that you have to your cure. Returning entirely free giving its support to this phys- from the curse he showed hi3 ical, intellectual and moral up- credit. Five years ago Old friends the copy of the Scriplift movement, enumerates some Grandfather Yang helped his tures which had been given him, essential points: daughter to teach a class of and had become well marked To Parents: thirty-five in their own front through use. This was his testi- room, till fifteen had finished the mony: "On arriving home, my The influence of home and environ- advanced course. They had paid ment is stronger than that of educa- no fees, the teacher received no friends and neighbors all retion. salary. Then these fifteen were marked about the great change, ready to be teachers for others. commenting on my healthy color Hygienic and healthy surroundings aid the growth of sound minds as well W hen Religious Education and fat face. They were asking Training Institutes were held in what had happened to me, as not· as strong bodies. Changli, Grandfather Ya n g on'lywas my appearance changed, Control of a child's will and guid- hitched up the family donkey but my nature and disposition- ance in the formation of his moral conceptions are among a parent's first duties. and brought these teacher-girls in fact I appeared a new man. A child's personal observation of his along with his daughter to the Then I told them that it was Je- institute. One of them started a sus who had wrought the parents' words and conduct influences class in her home village and two change." his sense of moral values more than any amount of teaching can do.

JAPAN-CHOSEN courses in literature, philosophy The Overseas Evangelistic theology, pedagogy and other Association, an indigenous so- Christian Prospects subjects, according to need and ciety working among Japanese circumstances. emigrants, has fixed a budget of Dr. E. E. Helms gives this Y4300 for its work in 1936. estimate of the prospects Chris- -International Christian Press. tianity has in the Sunrise King- -International Review of dom: Nation-Wide Evangelistic Missions. Movement Because there are but 350,000 Chris- Nationalism, or Loyalty tians in Japan out of a population of Practically all denominations to God? 65,000,000, many count the work of have decided to participate in Christianity in the Empire a failure. the nation-wide evangelistic St. Paul's University, Tokyo, One of Japan's leading dailies recent- movement and to provide the is the most recent target for the ly said editorially: "The question is funds tentatively apportioned Nationalist marksmen. It is remoral rather than numerical. Chris- among them for financing it. ported that the dean of the tianity is giving to the nation a new university read the imperial reconscience." A high official said The committee planning the script on education with some- Christianity has rendered a service movement has issued a state- thing less than the decorum far out of proportion to the number ment to the nation, which, after desired by certain reactionary of its adherents. sketching the present situation students and alumni, and a pro~ in Japan, states: test strike from classrooms wa~ In 1873 there were signs on the the result. That the strike came roads running out of Tokio, "Death "In this crisis we firmly be- just before the term examinatQ All Christians," "Death to Christ lieve that only the Gospel of tions and that the students in Himself If He Comes This Way." Christ can be the safe guiding addition to asking the dean's Now Christianity, by Imperial edict, star for the people's thinking resignation are expecting to be is one of the three official religions of and bring eternal welfare to the excused from the exams until Japan- Shintoism, Buddhism and fatherland. autumn indicates that patriot- Christianity. Last year a Christian ism may not be the only element daily was launched at Tokio, named, "Zealously therefore we bestir in the situation. It definitely ourselves, and. emphasizing the shows also the levels to which The Christ Religion Newspaper. love of God and the grace of nationalism will stoop to win its Christ we proclaim this Gospel point. A compromise will prob- The Christmas story is told each to our fellow-nationals. In so ably be effected to save face all Christmas Eve over a national hQok- doing we would correct the pres- around, but this will only postup, and last year this was climaxed by ent perilous thought – currents pone the head-on collision bethe singing of the "Hallelujah Chorus" and provide a basis for foster- tween loyalty to God and duty by a trained choir of 1,000. The ing a devout and unalloyed senti- to national policy which Chris- Mikado is a total abstainer, and each ment among the people." tians are anticipating and which of his personal bodyguard of 300 will probably occur first in the picked soldiers mnst take a total ab- The movement 0 pen e d on Christian and private schools of stinence pledge. Thomas Carlyle said: April 28 with a mass evangel- the land. "Christianity cannot be counted, it istic meeting in Tokyo. must be weighed." This is the leaven -The Christian Century. that will leaven the whole Japanese In connection with the movelump. ment, a conference for educators Islam in Favor was held in May in Osaka, to -Evangelical-Messenger. consider the place of religion in A writer in The Indian Re- the training of youth, and the view thinks that the conquest of Proposed Union Christian means of inculcating religious China is not the only goal that University truth and developing the reli- Japan has in mind. He says: gious life in schools and colleges. Last April the presidents and In June a special conference for "One of the things that struck representatives of the various factory owners and managers me when I was in Japan at the Christian schools of higher edu- was held, to study the question beginning of this year was the cation in Japan met at Atami of evangelism among factory great interest that the Japanese for a two days' conference under workers. A union Christian were taking in Mohammedanthe auspices of the Executive of training conference is planned ism and building mosques in difthe Christian Educational Asso- for October and a union service ferent parts of their Empire. In ciation of Japan. Considerable of worship for November. pre-war days when I was there time was devoted to the often I came across hardly any J apadiscussed question of the need The Kingdom of God Weekly nese Moslems, but this time I to form a Union Christian Uni- is still sponsored by a committe~ met quite a good number of versity. A proposal was made chosen by the National Chris- them. A fine Moslem seminary for the establishment of a tian Council, the Kyo Bun Kwan has been established in Tokyo, Scholastic Center for the whole and the Kagawa Group. In under the guidance of Imam Christian Movement in Japan, order, however, to cut down Khurbangali, who enjoys the to be devoted to the investiga- overhead expenses and avoid tion and study of subjects per- deficits, the National Christian taining to man's spiritual, moral Council office has assumed the and social welfare. The plans entire work of pUblication. for the development of such a scheme would include the institution in Japan's capital city of a one department University of Literature and graduate

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTOOK

confidence of both the Moslem be put out; it is an original then village, he is overpowered and non-Moslem Japanese offi- work, not a translation and with the prevailing filth. His cials. From this center Islamic therefore closer to Japanese life first act, then, is to line up all literature is circulated all over and thought. the children and march them off the world. In pre-war days it to a clear mountain stream was difficult to come across any -Japan Christian Quarterly. where he scrubs them thorough- Japanese who knew Arabic, Per- ly with a coconut brush. Next sian or Turkish, and there were ISLANDS OF THE SEA he puts the men through a simhardly any chairs for these Is- ilar laundering. The women are lamic languages in Japanese Visiting the New Hebrides doubtless advised to a like universities. But now one meets course. Then his audience being quite a number of Japanese who Rev. Fred Paton of the John outwardly clean he proceeds to are intimate with those lan- G. Paton Mission, New He- preach a cleansing Gospel for guages, and chairs for them brides, writes in The Life of the inner man. Villages thus have been founded in a great Faith: transformed outwardly and inmany J a pan e s e universities. wardly are "living epistles." Why?" A contingent of natives came from Not uncommonly a stranger will Southwest Bay, and when I told them come to a missionary home in "Dry" Experiments a new missionary had been appointed Papua with the remark: "I have their faces lit up with happiness. heard that you live a Christian The number of "bone dry" They have had a hard, lonely time, life. I want to stay with you a villages has reached twenty. and it is a great relief, as they need few days to witness it." A strik- Tomi Oka village in Miyagi pre- help. Once a quarter I see little, ing contrast was afforded those fecture put the scheme to test for lonely villages for a few hours, and present at the mission's Christone year. So good were the re- the people welcome me. mas celebration, when a group sults that the villagers voted to of heathen were asked by some go dry for five years. Nagoya When the seas are rough, it is im- thoughtless person to give the village in Saga completed its first possible to land, but the teacher and Keveri war cry. It was a bloodperiod of three years and has a few natives scramble aboard. We curdling yell which rose in clivoted to extend the dry regime try to give a little bit of tea and sugar max and then· passed into the for another three years. This is and a few matches, and perhaps a few distance. A moment of silence a fishing village, and in spite of sweets and a ball to the children; then and then the Kwato Mission great poverty used to spend yen we back out and they are left three choir, which happened to be 20,000 a year on alcohol. Miho months alone. near, burst out with Gounod's, village in Nagano has completed "Send out thy light and thy three years of a dry experiment The teachers and their wives do not truth, let them lead me." and has extended the period for think they are heroic. They have another five years. heard of Jesus, and some of them vol- -Sunday School Times. unteer to go to the training institute -The Chronicle. for four years, then to return-not to Some Impressions of Australia their homes, but in many cases to an Spread of Christian Literature out-station and occasionally to die Mr. J. Edwin Orr, evangelist there. We have medicines, but if in New Zealand and Australia, General prosperity has caused there is an epidemic the supply runs gives some of his impressions in a rise in the sales of Christian out. The Christian. literature. During 1935, the Christian Literature Society New Christian Oollege in The twin sins of Australia are gampublished 1,046,100 books and Manila bling and pleasure-craze. Australians periodicals. Over 12,500,000 gamble all the time-it is heartbreakpages of Christian literature It is announced from Manila ing. Gambling pervades the air, and went out. Magazines carry the that the Christian college in taints even churches. Well-known Gospel into nearly a million that city has now been organ- church leaders are seen at the races. homes. They go into every cor- ized under Filipino auspices. Many ministers ignore the gambling ner of Japan, to the South Seas, All the boards concerned have menace: in some churches raffles are to the Malay Peninsula, to advised against the organizing a form of church support. America, to Europe, taking the of the college, and have intiword of God to Japanese scat- mated that they will not be pre- The average Australian is not retered all over the world and link- pared to make appropriations ligious: he is not antireligious either: ing all together. Christians are for it. The mission has granted he is just indifferent. The Commonbeginning to use Bible notes and to the college the use of the wealth of Australia seems to be far commentaries. rooms in the Theological Sem- behind New Zealand in religious in- inary building which have been terest. The worst condition of all is Daily Strength for Children heretofore used by the seminary displayed by the outback-isolated has texts for every day in the for its college work. The new communities growing up without the year with a simple, charmingly institution is now under way Gospel. The Gospel is preached by written talk upon each one. This with Dr. Enrique Sobrepena as some societies to the aborigines: but is the first book of this type to its president. their problem is nothing compared to -Presbyterian Board News. the scattered settlements. The atti- tude of denominational leaders to A Preface to Preaching evangelism is encouraging. There is remarkably good feeling between Bap- A recent report of the Kwato tist, Presbyterian, Churches of Christ, Mission describes evangelist Methodists and the rest. All over Davida's preliminaries to his preaching. Going into a hea-

Australia are found prayer groups for The church is on the eve of its home of the medicine man. revival. The Evangelicals know their greatest period of prosperity." What a difference in the recepneed. The subject of revival is dis- This prediction is based upon tion! "Come in," invited the cussed everywhere, and there is in- Mr. Babson's studies of both man cordially. As they entered creasing desire for blessing. economic and religious move- the home, the woman placed ments of the.past three centuries chairs for them and listened at- The younger generation is making of American life. tentively while the missionaries its influence felt. Several of my best sang two gospel hymns in the campaigns were run by younger – Watchman-Examiner. Indian tongue, then to the Christians. The generation born since prayer, and later to a sermon by 1900 means business; a hunger and Forward Step for-Chinese each missionary. The evangelthirst for revival is evident. Christian Community istic meetings were attended by Endeavor is encouragingly progres- such crowds that each evening sive in most states. Campaigners for The Presbyterian Board of many could not get into the Christ are beginning to make their National Missions has approved church. In all, forty conversions weight felt. the sale of the property of Ming were reported. Other villages Quong Home, Oakland, Calif., wanted the evangelists to hold NORTH AMERICA to Mills College for a sum suffi- services there, but time and cient to provide for the reestab- funds would not permit. To Promote Paganism lishment of the home in two -Presbyterian Board News. units, one for the older girls in The Moody Institute Monthly the Chinese section of Oakland, Alaskans Make Progress wonders whether the evident at- and another for the younger tempt of the office of Commis- girls at Los Gatos, a rural com- As already noted, the Presbysioner of Indian Affairs to pre- munity where the home's special terian Hospital at Point Barrow, serve, and even revive, the health work for the children who Alaska, was turned over to the heathen religious beliefs and are under par physically is now government on July 1. Plans practices of our Indian popula- carried on. provide for an enlarged medical tion, particularly in the western program: a resident physician and southern states, means that Ming Quong, or "Home of Ra- and nursing staff at the hospital; the United States government:.is diant Light," came into being in a field nurse who will travel by . going to violate the first amend- 1925, on a site given for the pur- dog team with an Eskimo guide ment to the Constitution by em- pose by Captain Robert Dollar. to the coast villages east of barking upon a program involv- A suburban white community Point Barrow; rehabilitation of ing the teaching of religion, and has grown up around the home, the hospital building and addia debased heathen religion at the inmates are the only Chinese tion of modern surgical equipthat. children in the public schools, ment. The transfer of the medi- while the Chinese church is six cal work makes possible the ex- It appears that certain gov- miles away. The new set-up, tension of the Board's evangelernment officials profess a deep providing an Oakland and a Los istic program, with a full-time interest in the quaint customs Gatos unit, will remedy this service of itinerant evangelism and practices of primitive peo- handicap to the development of among the Eskimos in the negples, and evince a concern to an effective program. The Oak- lected area east of Point Barrow cater to the curiosity of the rap- land unit will be located in the to Barter Island and Demarcaidly increasing army of tourists Chinese community, wit hi n tion Point at the Canadian borwho desire to see Indian life in walking distance of the Chinese der, in addition to regular its original state and setting, church. preaching and pastoral service and witness snake dances, war -Presbyterian Publicity Sheet. at Barrow and Wainwright. The dances, etc., with all the paint entire evangelistic program will and feathers. To carry out such The Scene Changes be under the supervision of Rev. aprogram would involve the em- Fred Klerekoper, who succeeds ployment of government schools, A year ago a missionary called Dr. Henry W. Greist, recently as agents in reviving and per- at a Papago medicine man's retired on account of broken petuating the old tribal life, with home in San Miguel, Arizona, health. the use of federal money. On on the Mexican border, and the whole, the government's con- asked to be allowed to tell the Rev. Russell Pederson says tribution toward making the In- Gospel story. The Indian's wife that Alaskans have made mardian an intelligent and decent went into the house and brought velous progress in the past deccitizen has been nothing to boast out a gun. "Now, go away!" ade. Most communities now of. she said. And the missionary have up-to-date libraries and went, but not without stopping reading rooms. Radios are con- Is A Revival Coming? at the gate for a word of prayer stantly being installed, and pro- for the man and his wife. grams in English help to edu- Roger Babson, noted statis- cate and entertain. The day is tician, makes a confident predic- Some months later a series of practically past when an intertion in his recent book, "A Re- evangelistic meetings were held preter must be used in giving vival Is Coming," that a great for the Papago Indians scattered spiritual awakening is jus t all over that vast desert. The ahead. He says: "All signs in- missionaries again called at the dicate that America will soon again be swept by a spiritual revival. Nothing can stop it. . . .

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTOOK

the Gospel in Alaska. Seldom paintings depicting the history too small already. A lot has been does one find an Alaskan who of the English Bible from the given in a good location and does not understand English. time of Caedmon. plans for a building are under Alaskans are also seeking to end way. Work is progressing at the sale of intoxicating liquor to -The Christian. several branch stations; at most their people. of them plans are going forward -Presbyterian Board News. Better Movie Campaign for enlarged, or additional build- ings. , Invite Government Employees Dr. Fred Eastman, one of the to Church editors of the Christian Cen- Hopeful Signs in Mexico tury, is still campaigning to im- The Committee on Religious prove American movies. Film The Presbyterian Board re- Life in the nation's capital an- producers consider him their ports that its Mexican Mission nounces that, in cooperation "Public Enemy No. 1." Motion is reduced to the smallest terms with the United States Civil picture magnates have insisted in numbers, but is undiminished Service Commission, welcoming they are entertainers, not edu- in activity. While tension on re- letters will be sent to all new cators, but Dr. Eastman has con- ligious questions has relaxed un- employees in the classified serv- fronted them with the fact that der the more liberal attitude of ices of the government. This they are educators whether they President Cardenas, the Mission will mean about 8,000 letters a know it or not; and that in this has been obliged to spend many year. country we are maintaining two months of anxiety and parleying educational system in conflict- over property questions. It is expected to develop this the public school system and the service of making strangers in motion picture industry. In reorganizing to meet pres- Washington feel at home in some ent conditions, the mission has place of worship of their own "Roman Catholics, it will be followed two general principles: denomination or preference and remembered, took the initiative All work is to be considered as of supplying information re- in cleaning up the movies about a project, with definite aims and garding the location of churches, five years ago; Protestants and goals; and no missionary is to church schools, Bible classes, and Jews joined them, so that in one assume responsibility which can other religious activities; and year the film industry lost $10,- be carried by a Mexican col- to extend it to include employees 000,000. The result is that much league. These principles have in the larger nongovernmental debasing stuff has been elimi- worked out, thus far, not only agencies, such as the American nated from films shown in to the extension of established Federati~n of Labor, the Na- America. But the producers work, but even to the opening of tional Educational Association, have not had a change of heart. some new fields. Two years ago, the United States Chamber of They have only been spanked." the progress of missions in Mex- Commerce, and any other new- Meanwhile the problem is being ico seemed blocked at every turn. comers to Washington. approached from another angle. Today, "mission" as an organ- Some hundreds of high schools ized and foreign-controlled en- -The Living Church. in America now have classes in terprise is still blocked, but the motion pictures appreciation, Christians have found their way Texas Bible Exhibit and this idea will probably de- to the hearts of others. velop. The American Bible Society Work among young people in is showing a remarkable collec- LATIN AMERICA Mexico is taking on increasing tion of Texas pioneer Bibles at importance, from babies on the Dallas Centennial Exposi- The Brethren Mission in through college age. Group tion. Copies of a "Breeches" Bi- Argentina training in music, especially ble, published in 1615, and a hymns, has been the service of Czech Bible, published in 1613, The Foreign Mission Society one missionary as she has con- are of particular interest. The of the Brethren Church assumes ducted these classes for young latter was buried in a field for responsibility for evangelizing a people in churches within reach safety during the persecutions strip of Argentina about 200 of the capital. Another new ven- in BoHemia, and was later miles in width and between ture is a church camp for girls brought to Texas by Moravian three and four hundred miles in and still another is student evan- settlers. Other exhibits of note length. Of the hundreds of gelism among young men at- include old photographs and thousands only a few hundred tending colleges in Mexico City. documents which tell the story have a saving knowledge of of the Society's work in Texas Christ. Rio Cuarto is the logical Christianapolis-Model during the last 102 years, por- and geographical center of this Village traits of the first agents and field. It is a growing city, with workers, colored slides showing a promising future. At Hernan- Mr. F. C. Glass recently made the processes of translation, do is the largest congregation. a long trip alone through a sec- publication, and distribution of Some remarkable conversions tion of Brazil, several hundred the Scriptures, more than 7,000,- have taken place, the testimony miles northeast of Garanhuns, 000 volumes of which are sent given is genuine, and the work and found a large and wide- out annually, and a frieze of is growing rapidly. The hall is spread community of Christians

living under conditions that re- made a grant of 18,000 marks the Church Mission to Jews in mind one of the life of the early toward the building. Upon the Poland. A writer in The Chris- Puritan fathers. He says that site a "dignified place of wor- tian tells of seeing this work, a happier, healthier or cleaner ship" will be erected by the State and of being deeply impressed lot of folk would be difficult to building administration aided by the sane methods used by the find. by church members, the Reich missionaries. Their English Government of Prussia, and the class, ostensibly for teaching In another state in the distant National Trades Union. It ap- English, is also used as a means south is a large village called pears that the Prussian Ministry of preaching the Gospel. Those Christianopolis, built in a forest of State recently conferred upon who come are all told very plainclearing and laid out as Faith the Russian Orthodox diocese ly that the missionaries are not Street, Joy Lane, Con cor d the legal rights of a constitution- taking this class only to teach Square, etc., and where only al body in which the Orthodox English, but to introduce to Christians may dwell. They churches in Germany "retain a them the claims of Christ, and have their own shops and little state-recognized and state-pro- the response is gratifying. trades, and possess a church tected form in which the followseating 500 people which is al- ers of this faith can live in close "In personal talks with one ready far too small for their re- communion with their fellow be- and another," says this writer, quirements. They do not smoke, lievers from other countries, es- "I could see how the Spirit of drink, dance, nor is a cinema pecially from the Balkan coun- God was working – breaking allowed to corrupt their morals tries, now living in Germany." down prejudice, and awakening and lure them back to the world. a desire for Christ as their Sav- They hold an annual convention Church Union in France iour, as well as their Messiah. of a Keswick character, when There is no doubt that among huge crowds gather for °a week, French Protestant Churches, their number there are some to study God's Word. chiefly represented by the Re- who are secret believers, and formed and the Reformed Evan- who are weighing up the conse- -The Christian. gelical bodies, have practically quences of baptism. Mr. Par- agreed to unite. By-gone causes sons ought to have fifty aggres- Tent Campaign in Puerto Rico of division are no longer under- sive evangelists and colporteurs stood or appreciated. It is ex- A Sunday school missionary pected that National Synods among the millions of Jews in Puerto Rico tells this story in will shortly reach a definite there." the Presbyterian Banner: agreement. Jews Going to Spain Near Bartolo a Christian brother A financial forward movement began to hold meetings in a large is in progress, and French gen- The legend of "The Wandering farmhouse. Many people gathered, so erosity is open handed. Before Jew" is no myth. From many a a request was sent for the Sunday the fiscal year of the Society of land Jews have had to flee from school missionary to come with his bus Missions closed in March, a mil- persecution. Strangely enough, and gospel tent equipment. We lion francs were received, which one of the lands that is opening packed our bus to the very top with closed the year without a deficit its doors to persecuted Jews is canvas, poles, boards for seats, baby -an experience known only once the land where four and a half organ, literature, stereoptican ma- before in thirty years. Mission- centuries ago their forefathers chine, military cots, gasoline lanterns, aries are returning to their sta- endured the indescribable crueland the hundred and one things neces- tions and no fields are to be ties of the Spanish Inquisition. sary for a fifteen-day campaign. abandoned. The 800,000 francs It is said that government of- accumulated deficits of the Soci- ficials and the people of influ- Those sturdy-headed, reckless peo- ety of Missions will, it is con- ence in general regret the part ple came in crowds to the tent; they fidently hoped, soon be cleared were respectful and interested, they off. The Reformed Evangelical taken by their country in the exwere stirred to the depths, and 103 Churches have launched an ap- pulsion of Jews in the fifteenth confessed Christ as their Saviour. A peal for 3,000,000 francs and in century, and in every way are desire for a chapel grew in their three months have received seeking to convey the impreshearts. A prominent man gave the nearly one-third of it. site and a group of young people from sion that today there exists no the Marina church in Mayaquez -World Survey Service. prejudice against the Jews or helped launch the campaign for rais- any other race. Within the past ing money. Enthusiasm grew, and Poland and the Jewish two years a considerable numout of their great poverty, with plan- Problem ber of Jews from Nazi Germany ning and sacrifice, the Bartolo people are finding their way into Spain, are building a house of worship. A The largest number of Jews large class of candidates is being pre- in the world is found in Poland, a perhaps the largest groups gopared for church membership. which is largely the fountain head of world Jewry. Jews ing to the south. Seville has EUROPE form one-seventh of the popula- growing Jewish population, with tion in Poland. Rev. Martin scattered communities through- A German-Russian Church Parsons is directing the work of out Andalusia.

The Living Church reports As a people, Jews are not that the Nazi ~overnment on identified wit h communism. July 3d placed a building site at Their traditions are all to the the disposal of the Russian Or- contrary. thodox diocese of Berlin for the reconstruction of the Russian Orthodox cathedral, and has Our· Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information BOOKS WORTH READING Omwa? Are You Awake? By P. H. Black and White in East Africa. ON AFRICA J. Lerrigo. 175 pp. $1.25. Revell. By Richard C. Thurnwald, with New York. 1936. chapter on "Women" by Hilde By REV. EMORY Ross Thurnwald. 218. Geo. Routledge Intimate, human and discern- & Sons. London. Western Civilization and the Natives ing sketches of the life of Afri- of South Africa: Studies in Cul- cans and foreigners in Congo- Detailed study of perplexing ture Contact. By I. Schapera. 158. industry, government, religion, problems emerging from the Routledge. London. 1934. medicine, education, folk-tales- contact between black and white by a man who has both knowl- in Africa. An important reference work. edge and insight. Some conception of the cultural The School in the Bush. By Victor shock now being experienced by The Golden Stool. By Edwin W. Murray. $5.00. Longmans Green Africa is necessary for proper Smith. $1.50. Harpers. New & Co. New York. 1929. understanding of that continent. York. 1928. A qualified outsider's view of Christ in the Great Forest. Felix Not to be missed by one who African education. Comprehen- Faure. 181 pp. $1.00, cloth; 60 would have, in a very readable sive. Provocative. cents, paper. Friendship Press. form, an introduction to the New York. 1936. African of today against the The Gospel and the African. By background of yesterday. Alexander Hetherwick. 176 pp. Fifteen case histories that 48. 6d. T. & T. Clark. Edinburgh. show Christianity's impact upon God's Candlelights. By Mable Shaw. 1932. Africans in the Gabun. M. 197 pp. 28. 6d. Edinburgh House Faure has been for thirty years Press. London. Friendship Press, Half a century of missionary a French Protestant missionary New York. $1.00. 1936. experience was the preparation in West Africa. for this study of African reli- A discerning teacher's story gious life and the changes African Bridge Builders. William C. of how Christ helped the African brought by Christianity. Bell. 168 pp. $1.00, cloth; 60 girls build God's village – the cents, paper. Friendship Press. girls' boarding school at Mbere- Literature for the South African New York. 1936. shi, Northern Rhodesia. Bantu. By R. H. W. Shepherd. 81 pp. 18. The Carnegie Corporation A collection, skilfully and The Life of Dr. Donald Fraser. By Visitors' Grants Committee. Precompactly edited, of stories by Agnes R. Fraser. 326 pp. 78. 6d. toria, South Africa. 1936. and about Africans, taken from Hodder and Stoughton. London. that splendid series, "Little 1934. A comparative study of Negro Book for Africa." literary achievements – in Af- rica and the United States.

Modern Industry and the African. The life story of one great Apolo of the Pygmy Forest. New By J. Merle Davis. $2.50. Inter- African missionary written by and Enlarged Edition. 82 pp. national Missionary Council, New another-his wife. C. M. S. London. 1936. York. 1932. Sons of Africa. By Georgina A. Gol- The fascinating story of an The most comprehensive study lock. 241 pp. Map. 75 cents, African missionary to Africans. yet made of that baffling tri- boards; 50 cents, paper. Friendangle: Church – industry – ship Press. New York. 1928. Among Congo Pygmies. By P. Sche- Africa. Relates particularly to bester. 188. Hutchinson. London. the world's largest mines – of Life stories of great Africans, 1933. diamonds, gold and copper, in more than a score of them, from Africa. the Askia (Usurper) of the 15th About the only full-length century, who founded a great book yet written dealing scien- tifically with those shy people, The African Today. By Diedrich dynasty, to Aggrey of the 20th, among the world's most primi- Westermann. $3.00. 343 pp. Ox- 'Yho did more. tive, the pygmies of the Ituri ford University Press. New York. forest. Aggrey of Africa. By Edwin W. 1934.

Able survey of African condi- Smith. $1.00. Friendship Press. Liberia Old and New. J. L. Sibley tions by one of the directors of New York. 1929. the International Institute of and D. Westermann. $3.00. Smith.

Best modern biography of an New York. 1928.

African Languages and Cul- African. Aggrey was remark- Good short treatment of the tures. able; the book is excellent. Negro Republic. Mr. Sibley Any of the books noted in these columns wi11 be sent by the ReVIew publishers on receipt of price.

[509 ] died in service as the govern- portunity. Mr. Ross, for twenty ciety describes in popular form ment's educational adviser. years a missionary in Africa and recently secretary of the Congo the romance and reality of pro- Forest Hospital at Lambarene. By Protestant Mission Council, here Albert Schweitzer. 191 pp. $2.00. describes the land, its people, ducing Christian literature and Holt & Co. New York. 1931. problems, mission work and fu- Bible translations in new lan- A medical mission to Africans ture – not by a recital of dry discussed by a well-known medi- statements but by picturesque guages that have never been re- cal missionary philosopher. facts, descriptions and incidents. The colored map and reading duced to writing. This is one of Surveys Made by World Dominion list add to its value as the senior Movement. London and New York. study book for the year. the most important parts of the A valuable series of books on D. L. P. missionaries' task. Mr. Smith various African areas, dealing with missionary occupation, sta- tells how men who have gone to tistics, government problems, education, medicine, the Church. Central Africa, the Islands of Africa View. By J. Huxley. $3.50. the Sea and elsewhere, without Harpers. New York. 1931. any knowledge of the language A leading British scientist ex- amines Africa. Stimulating. of the people, have patiently and The Partition and Colonization of Congo Crosses. By Julia Lake KeI'- with ingenuity learned to speak Africa. By C. P. Lucas. $4.20. Oxford University Press. New lersbergeT. $1.00, cloth; 50 cents, with the natives, have reduced York. 1932. paper. Friendship Press. New the languages to writing and A well told story of the Euro- pean grab of Africa. York. 1936. have finally translated the Bible.

Boomba Lives in Africa. By Caro- Mrs. Kellersberger is already Many humorous experiences are line Singer and Cyrus LeRoy Bald- ridge. Holiday House, London. widely known in America for recorded due to mistakes in pro- 1935. her stirring addresess on the nunciation or to misunderstand- Story of a ten-year-old West African boy. For children. Congo, her missionary field. ings. In Uganda the word for Full page drawings by Mr. Bald- ridge. Here she describes the land on "wizard" (forbidden in the Bi- Haile Selassie Emperor of Ethiopia. which s hi n e s the Southern ble) was used for medical mis- By The Princess Asfa Yilma. 305 pp. $4.00. Illus. and maps. D. Cross; the trails and landscapes sionary and added to the diffi- Appleton-Century Co. New York. 1936. of the Africans – heathen cus- culties. Among the Shans of An excellent volume on Ethio- toms, slavery, climate, wars, Burma the same word, with dif- pia, with all its aspects discern- ingly discussed up to early part witchcrafts, hard labor, and pov- ferent tones, means man y of 1936. The writer is a half- British Ethiopian p r inc e s s, erty, which constitute their in- things. "Ma rna rna rna rna" European educated. dividual and tribal crosses, and may be translated, "Help the The Golden Legend of Ethiopia. By Post Wheeler. 183 pp. $2.00. D. finally the Cross of Christ by horse, a mad dog comes." Appleton-Century Co. New York. 1936. which Africans are being re- The book is exceedingly inter- The traditional romantic story deemed for time and eternity. esting and shows the great im- of Makeda, Queen of Sheba, and King Solomon, told by an Amer- This book, especially for women, portance of accurate language ican career diplomat, recently minister to Albania. How the is unique, well illustrated and work in order to get at a peo- ark came to Ethiopia, and other . Ethiopic traditions which have informIng. D. L. P. ple's soul and to give them the greatly helped to mold the Ethiopian nation. The Land and Life of Africa. By Gospel so that they will under- Margaret Wrong. IlIus. Map. Out of Africa. By Emory Ross. 12mo. 144 pp. 28. The Living- stand. D. L. P. $1.00, cloth; 60 cents, paper. 216 stone Press. London. 1935. pp.; map. Friendship Press. New Consider Africa. By Basil Mathews. York. 1936. Here is an excellent introduc- Maps. 12 mo. 181 pp. $1.00 cloth, tion to the study of Africa. Miss 60 cents paper. Friendship Press. Noone will wish to miss this Wrong is a well-informed, a New York. 1936. graphically written volume on clear, illuminating writer. She Africa, the continent of adven- pictures vividly the town and Weare debtors to Africa for ture, romance, tragedy and op- village life, not by an array of the gold, the ivory, the dia- impersonal facts, but by describ- monds, the copper, coffee and ing the experiences of individual cotton, palm oil and cocoa, and Africans. She tells also of the skins of all kinds that have journeys through the bush on come from that rich continent; foot, by rail and motor car and we are debtors to the Africans, airplane. African races and even more because of past ex- history, governments and edu- ploitation of these primitive peo- cation are treated in separate ples – an exploitation and op- chapters. It is not a report of pression that is still going on. missionary w 0 r k but gives It is a country of romance and graphic glimpses of the influence adventure of vast variety and of Christianity and reveals the far-reaching possibilities. The background in which missiQn African is a deeply interesting character, of many tribes and work is conducted. D. L. P. races, of varied characteristics, customs and beliefs. But Africa The Shrine of a People's Soul. By and the Africans are changing. Edwin W. Smith. 208 pp. 28. As a rule they are still primitive Edinburgh House Press. London. and childlike but multitudes are 1929. seeing new light and hope and are becoming leaders of their The Editorial Secretary of the British and Foreign Bible So-

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

people. This is the country and of the interesting stations vis- terial, including African games, people, south of the Sudan, that ited was that of Dan Crawford, stories, proverbs, music, sugges- form the foreign mission study so that we have an independent tions for dramatization, refresh- topic for the coming year. Basil view of the work of this mighty ments, etc.

Mathews has given us a most missionary. The whole diary Thinking with Africa. Edited by interesting introduction to the and the photographs enable us Milton Stauffer. Boards, 50 cents; subject. It is less a study book to travel with Miss Dunkel- paper, 25 cents. New York. 1927.

than a popular description of the berger, to see with her eyes, feel African thought interpretea African, his country and char- with her heart and sympathize by Christian nationals and misacteristics. Here we see him with her spiritual reactions. sionaries. with his shining body and ready D. L. P. The Moffats. By Ethel Daniels Hublaugh, his expressive dance and BOOKS FOR YOUNG PEO- bard. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 cents. PLE AND CHILDREN New York. drum; his bondage to supersti- Camp Fires in the Congo. By Mrs. Popular life of Robert and tion and fear. We read of the John M. Springer. 128 pp. 75 Mary Moffat, pioneer mission- cents, cloth; 50 cents, paper. The aries in South Africa. African labor problem-so dif- Central Committee on the United Study of Foreign Missions. Bos- Livingstone the Pathfinder. By Basil ferent from American and Eu- ton. 1936. Mathews. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 cents. rope – the native moral weak- This is one of those books, os- tensibly written for children The most popular biography nesses and imported white man's which their elders will not read- of Livingstone. ily lay aside, if they once begin vices; the cruelty and oppres- it. But a narrative skillfully Uganda's White Man of Work. By told is one of the best ways to Sophia Lyon Fahs. Cloth, 50 cents; sion of European. conquerors carry important truth. Mrs. paper, 25 cents. Springer's style is direct and and the changes that are taking vivid. Few words are wasted The life of Mackay of Uganda. in abstractions or generalities. place. Finally we read of the That is, it is the style most at- In the African Bush. By Jewel tractive to young people. The Huelster Schwab. coming of the Christian mission- six chapters cover a great num- ber of incidents, which give one Stories of African life for ary and the results of the Gos- juniors.

pel. It is a book worth reading FOR PRIMARY CHILDREN AND BEGINNERS -one that whets the appetite for a better acquaintance with marvelous Africa and the fas- cinating people. A valuable bib- liography and index,· and a good colored map are included. . D. L. P.

Crossing Africa. By Stella C. Dunkelberger. Illus. 8vo. 105 pp. an intimate view of the thoughts Children of the Chief. By Mary $1.00. Mission Office. 147 W. and customs of the Congo peo- School Lane, Germantown, Pa. Entwistle. Cloth, 50 cents; paper, ple. In fact the book contains a 25 cents.

The D. M. Stearn's Fund has surprising amount of informa- The Red Friendly Book. By Muriel ministered to missionaries all tion on the people of the Congo. R. Wray. Boards, 40 cents. over the world for some forty years. After serving for twenty- There are many excellent illus- Kembo: A Little Girl of Africa. five years as home secretary, trations, printed on paper best By Winifred E. Barnard. Boards, Miss Dunkelberger decided to adapted to bring them out. This 50 cents.

visit some of the African mis- book is a fine addition to mis- Efiong: A Little Boy of Africa. By sionary literature, and, indeed, Ella B. Floyer. Boards, 40 <'ents.

sions she had helped, and trav- to popular literature u p 0 n SUPPLEMENTARY eled across Africa by way of the Africa. Congo River and Elizabethville R. M. K. MATERIAL to Portuguese East Africa. These diary letters, with over OTHER FRIENDSHIP Africa Picture Sheet. 25 cents. one hundred pictures, tell the PRESS BOOKS story. It is very enlightening A folder of pictures for class- The Land and Life of Africa. By to share her many interesting room use. experiences, by boat and car- Margaret Wrong. 138 pp. 50 riers of various kinds, as she cents, paper. 1936. Africa Picture Stories. Spedal price, visited the missions in out-ofthe-way stations, saw the na- An accurate account of daily 25 cents the set. tives in the raw and as trans- life and thought, religion and formed by the power of Christ. work in Africa. Recommended Five pictures and a story Some of the photographs are especially for young people and clear and instructive. It is a adults, including leaders of all about each picture. personal narrative, in which age groups. many unimportant items are in- Boys and Girls of Africa. 15 cents. Fun and Festival from Africa. By Catherine Miller Balm. 25 cents, Six sheets of African pictures paper. New York. to be colored.

Directions for Making an African Village. 25 cents.

A set of drawings to be cut out and assembled.

Loose-Leaf Series No. i-Africa. 15 cents. .

cluded and some details of value Pamphlet, by the author of An illustrated pamphlet of are omitted – including the ex- Chinese Ginger and Joy from games, songs, handcraft sugges- act names of workers met. One Jap(m, contains a wealth of ma- tions and folk tales from Africa.

New Books Obituary Notes Mrs. Carrie Ballah Harrell, writer and missionary, said to have been the Lights and Shades of Christendom to (Concluded from page 449.) first white child born in Japan, died A. D. 1000. H. Pakenham-Walsh. July 13th, in Baltimore, Maryland, at Maps. 368 pp. $4.00. Oxford Uni- Miss Jean Kenyon Mackenzie, for the home of her daughter, Mrs. H. versity Press. New York. Donovan Swann at the age of seventy- twelve years a missionary of the Pres- four. The History of the Universities' byterian Church to the Bantu tribes Mission to Central Africa. G. Her- of southern Cameroun, Africa, died Mrs. Harrell was the daughter of bert Wilson. Illus. 278 pp. 2s. 6d. the Rev. James H. Harrell, who es· U. M. C. A. London. September 2d in New York. A native tablished the first Protestant church in Japan, on the treaty ground es- Christian Materialism: Inquiries In- of Elgin, Ohio, and the daughter of ta',Jlished by Admiral Matthew C. to the Getting and Spending and Perry, at Yokohama. Giving of Money. F. J. McConnell. Scottish parents, Miss Mackenzie at- 167 pp. $1.25. Friendship Press. tended school in San Francisco and Mrs. Harrell's introduction of the New York. Braille system into Japan, and her later studied at the Sorbonne, in Par- work among blind and deaf mutes The Social System of the Zulus. E. is. When her father became pastor won her the honor of being received J. Krige. Illus. 420 pp. 25s. Long- by the late Emperor. mans. London. of the Rutgers church, she volun- teered for missionary work and in PROMISE Papuan Wonderland. J. G. Hides. 204 pp. 8s. 6d. Blackie. London. 1904 was sent to what was then the To Read German colony of Kamerun. During The History of Jewish Christianity: and Keep From the First to the Twentieth the next ten years Miss Mackenzie Century. H. J. Schonfeld. Illus. Circulating 256 pp. 7s. 6d. Duckworth. Lon- saw service in four outposts, all but don. one of them ",.lush" towns in the in- Dr. R. A. Torrey's "HOW TO The Way of the Witnesses: A New terior. An internal injury-suffered PRAY," a notable 128-page Testament Study in Missionary Motive. Edward Shillito. 158 pp. one day while riding in a one-wheeled book, and receive copy for 2s. Edinburgh House Press. Lon- African cart-compelled her retire- don. this purpose FREE. ment in 1916. Interpreters: A Study in Contempo- In 1923 Miss Mackenzie attended • rary Evangelism. Max Warren. 142 pp. 2s. 6d. Highway Press. Lon- the Le Zoute Conference to discuss BIBLE INSTITUTE COLPORTAGE don. the future of mission work in Africa. ASSOCIATION Report on the Religious Life in the Here her long friendship with French, 849m N. Wells St., Chicago, Illinois Christian Colleges in China. 45 pp. China Christian Educational Swiss and German mission forces was Assn. Shanghai. brought into play to help the confer- Christian Union in South India: An ence avoid misunderstandings at a Adventure in Fellowship. W. J. Noble. 94 pp. 2s. Student Chris- time when the World War was still tian Movement Press. London. only five years past.

The Encyclopredia of Islam. Edited Miss Mackenzie wrote many books by M. Th. Houtsma, A. J. Wen- sinck, H. A. R. Gi',Jb, W. Heffening about Africa. Among them are, and E. Levi-Provencal. No. 53: Panguli-Rabb. 1025-1088 pp. Sup- "Black Sheep," "The Trader's Wife," plement No.2: Djughrafiya-Kas- sala. Plates. 65-112 pp. Each "An African Trail," "African Adven- 7s. 6d. Luzac. London. tures" "Friends of wAasfraic~ae"mb"eErxi0l1e Is Christianity Unique? A Compara- and Postman." She tive Study of the Religions. Nicol the editorial staff of Listen which M'acmicol. 222 pp. 6s. S. C. M. Press. London. provides news and interpretation of Apollo of the Pigmy Forest. New and international affairs in simplified Enlarged Edition. A. B. Lloyd. Is. 82 pp. C. M. S. London. English for children and those un- African Bridge Builders. Edited by familiar with the language. Wm. C. Bell. 168 pp. Friendship Press. New York. Surviving are her mother, Mrs. Robert Mackenzie, and two sisters. Across the Years-An Autobiog- raphy. Chas. Stedman Macfarland. gorging the (!]hain of 367 pp. $2.75. Macmillan. New York. CHRISTIAN LOVE The Bible Triumphant. C. Urquhart. encircling the C@orld 144 pp. 2s. 6d. Pickering & In- glis. London. Consecrated Missionaries of the Congregational and Chris- Jacob Burkhard. Mary Yoder Burk- tian Churches serving in home and foreign fields are hard. 214 pp. $1.00 cloth, 60 cents paper. Published by author. Gosh- golden links in the chain of International Friendship. So en, Ind. are the thousands who read the MISSIONARY HERALD at Home and Ahroad — the magazine that has worked ceaselessly for 132 years in hehalf of greater tolerance, more kindly understanding, and for the spirit of true hrotherhood inspired hy Jesus Christ. , We earnestly solicit your subscription, believing that it is your desire to be well-informed concerning world conditions.

The rate is $1.25 a year for a single subscription; $1.00 a year in groups of five.

A sample copy will be sent gladly upon request.

THE MISSIONARY HERALD 14 Beacon Street Boston, Massachusetts

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OMWA? AN IRISHMAN IN THE (ARE YOU AWAKE 1) JUNGLES OF AFRICA P. H. J. LERRIGO, M.D. Edited by RUTH BURNS MAGUIRE ttOmwa ? Are you awake?" is a native The wonderful career of Gabriel Reid salutation used in Central Africa. The author has utilized this expression as a Maguire, who was a missionary, preacher thread to bind together thIs study deal- ing with the major problems, religious, and pastor, for nearly forty years. "A political, social and mdustrial, confront- mg the great emerging continent today. great and unusual contributIon to the Human interest stories and folk tales illuminate the themes. Illustrated $1.25 missionary literature in which our churches are interested just at this time."-Watchman-Examiner. With an introduction by President Austen K.

deBlois. Illustrated $1.25 OTHER IMPORTANT WORKS ON MISSION LANDS REBECCA PARRISH, M.D. HERBERT H. GOWEN, D.D. GEORGE P. and IDA G. PIERSON ORIENT SEAS AND FIVE FOREIGNERS FORTY HAPPY YEARS LANDS AFAR IN JAPAN IN JAPAN Dr. Parrish is an experienced travel· The Western influences that have This stirring recital of successful ler who has the unique ability of get- brought about Japan's rise is told in missionary work is written with pas- ting behind the scenes and interpreting these historical biographies of five sionate enthusiasm by two mission- the ways of the peoples. It includes men who, more than any others, had aries. Their evangelistic activities Palestine, India, Africa, China, Japan., much to do with her growth in strat- brought them into contact with all Arabia, Philippines, and Egypt, Persia, etc. $1.50 egic power. $2.00 classes of people in Japan. $1.25 At All Booksellers FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY 158 Fifth Ave., New York Exalted Partnership with Assured Income You may enter into Permanent Partnership with the missionaries of this Society in the United States and Latin America.

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By securing an Annuity of The American Baptist Home Mission Society today, you will assure a continuous income for yourself, I'elative or friend, and help to provide funds for the future maintenance of mission churches, schools and missionaries for less privileged groups in your own land, Mexico, Central America and the West Indies.

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'('But What Am I to Do?"

~ (EW YEAR'S DAY. The gateway of the Metet Leper Colony, Cameroun, Africa· '-a'l9 Clustered about it a pitiful crowd. Some sit, some lie down, some crouch.

Those nearest the gate take an attitude of supplication–dumb, passive, resigned, enduring. Suppliant—but only as a dog is suppliant when he has been beaten and begs, with his eyes open, for the passing of your anger.

The gate opens. A stir among those who wait, like a very faint puff of wind over dead leaves. An American man and woman and an African come out. Very gently, as if trying to say by their motions what they could not speak.

The African stops near one, then another, then another, of the waiting forms. He touches them, speaks a word. They rise with hardly a change of expression and pass inside the gate. Too dazed even to be happy! Six, eight, twelve, fifteen go in like that.

"That is enough, Mfe'e," says the doctor. "There is no more room. We are sorry, Mfe'e. Oh, tell them we are sorry!"

Mfe'e, his hand on the shoulder of an old, old woman, stops and turns toward the gate. Slowly the missionaries walk down the road.

Suddenly there is a cry. They turn.

It is the old woman. She is half standing, half crouching. Her hands are stretched out.

"But what am 1 to do? What am I to do?"

So long as they live, the missionaries can never forget that cry.

CAN YOU?

—————————————– THE AMERICAN MISSION TO LEPERS, Inc. Room 1119-R, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York o Because I too do not forget, I enclose $40 for the admission and one year's care of the old woman at Metet or some one like her o o $15 for a small house for four lepers $10 for medicines for two years–some- o $1 for a month's food times enough for a cure o Name _____________________________________________________________________ Address____________________________________________________________________ City________________________________________________ Staw__________________

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1931

McCLANAHAN lIIEllllORIAL-A COMMUNITY HALL AT THE CHRISTIAN LEPER VILLAGE, CHIENG MAl

Help Rea~h Japanese Youth with the Gospel THE KINGDOM OF GOD MOVEMENT is beginning a magazine for Japanese young people under the editorial control of TOYOHIKO KAGAWA It will bear all the marks of his evangelistic genius. It will specialize in Bible study, nature study, Christian biography of all ages and races, cooperative living and prayer. THE COMMITTEE ON CHRISTIAN LITERATURE FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN in mission lands is helping. Will you pray and give? Send contributions to Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgomery, Chairman 144 Dartmouth St., Rochester, New York Will You Help Send the Gospel to Moslems?

Christ and His Message are interpreted to Moslems through Christian Literature published in Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Urdu, Panjabi, Chinese and other languages spoken by Moslems.

By your prayers and gifts you can help to supply this much needed Christian literature for Egypt Syria lrak China Morocco Palestine Persia Java Algiers Turkey India Sumatra Tunis Arabia Malaysia South Africa Will you help the Christian missionaries in these countries by sending your gicrts through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems cooperating with the Nile Mission Press and Interdenominational Committees, on the field?

BOARD OF DIRECTORS Rev. William I. Chamberlain, D.D., President Delavan L. Pierson, Dr. Robert E. Speer, Vice Presidents Mrs. William Bancroft Hill, Honorary Vice President Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D.D., Field Secretary Dr. William B. Anderson Miss Anna A. Milligan, Rec. Sec. Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Mrs. William Borden Dr. James Cantine, Cor. Sec. Mrs. James M. Montgomery Dr. Robert W. Searle Rev. Thomas S. Donohugh Mrs.. E. E. Olcott, Treas. Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Dr. John H. Raven Mr. Fennell P. Turner Send your contributions to The Treasurer, 116 East 68th Street, New York City.

Apply for information and literature to The Corresponding Secretary, Dr. James Cantine, 25 East 22nd Street, New York City.

Please mention TUJl MISSIONARY REVImw OF Tum WORLD In writinK to advertIsers. MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD DmLAvAN L. PImRSON, Editor .l ::, CONTENTS-December, 1931 LET YOUR GIFT to Foreign Missions Page PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME FRONTII'lPIECE ……………….. . 88-1 ~Oil can make a generous gift to foreign mts- SlOns and have a needed income for yourself KALEIDOSCOPIC GLIMPSES OF ASIA and others from the money you give by the ••••••••••••••••• EDWARD M. DODD S85 Annuity Gift Plan THE WHITE ANGEL OF TOKYO …. •••••••••••.•. MAMIE C. G. If'RASER This v1an relieves you of uncertainty and worry caused by changing values of invested CONSTANTINOPLE AFTER A CEN· funds Bnd assures you a fixed income of TURY •••……. CHARLES T. RIGGS SUO 4t% to 9% per year A CHINESE MARKET TOWN ARISTO· CRAT ••..••..•• CHARLES E. ~COTT 90:! for the rest of your life JEWS BECOME CHRISTIANS ……. . A reserve fund of over $1,500,000 guarantees the prompt payment of annuities to you, ••••••••••• • JOHN STUART CONNING 905 Prot~ct.· yourself against loss through A REMARKABLE INDIAN I,AWYER .. unWise Investments and at the same time …………………. D. A. YARDI 907 help send the gospel to all the world.

AFRICAN DRUMS AND THEIR USES For fUll 'information write . . •. . .. • • .. • . . . . . . A. E. VOLLOR 911 Erne.t F. Holl, Secretary, Dept. 01 Annuiti•• HOW STRENGTHEN THE HOME BASE 913 BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. THE GIFT OF KHAMA'S PEOPLE … 914 156 Fifth Avenue. New York SADHU ~UNDAR SINGH AS I SAW HIM ……••.. HARRY W. NISSANKA J15 '0ne £OMMI)NITY £H()R£HMAN THE STORY OF MISS TSAI OF CHINA 916 A journal interpreting various ef· TOPICS OF THE TIMES ..•……… 918 forts in union, federated and com- munity churches toward community THE PRESENT WAR IN EUROPE. betterment. There are now over SALARY CUTS ArqD "No RETREAT." two thousand such churches in DR. SPEER'S ANNIVERSARY. ~meri~a,. the most rapidly develop- LOOK FOR JANUARY. mg relIgIOUS movement in the coun- WHAT ORIENTALS 'l~H]NK OF AMERICA. try. The larger problems of Amer- PRINCIPLES OF "FAITH MISSIONS." ican Christianity and of world NEED IN DUTCH EAST INDIES. Christianity also receive attention.

METHODS FOR WORKERS ……… . •••• • EDITED BY Mas. F. 1. JOHNSON 1J~5 WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BUL· LETIN •……………..•……. 931 WORLD·WIDE OUTLOOK ………… 937 BOOKS WORTH READING ………. 953 INDEX FOR 1931 ………………. 959 TERMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, ~o cents. Single copie., 25 cents. Publlshed monthly. Copyrighted, 1931, by MISSIONARY RlCVIBW PUBLISHING COM- PANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING SPECIAL CLllB OFFER COMPANY, INC. The Missionary Review of the ROBERT E. SpaaR, Pre81dent World ………………… $2.50 W,LLIAY I. CHAYBIlRLAIN, Vlce-Pre8Went The Community Churchman. . . .. 1.00 DSLAVAN L. PlaRSON, Secretary $3.50 WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer Both for $2.75. Save 75 cents.

Publication Olllce, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Why not present these magazines Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year.

Editorial and Business Olllee, 156 Fifth Avenue, as Christmas gifts to friends. New York City The Commun..y Churchman Entered as second·class matter at the Post Park Ridge, Ill. Olllee, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March S. IB79.

Plf'RSe ll1pntion THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLn in writing to advprtisers. PERSONALS p~~~~~~" 'M ~,. ~omdbmg jitW for (;ijristmas BISHOP HUGH L. BURLESON, Bishop of South Dakota since 1916, was elected at ft Something ~11, the recent General Convention assistant From Far Away to the Presiding Bishop of the Protestant ~ Episcopal Church. He resigned his ~ Just a po9~!l};r!b!ng you full ~ diocesan office and his suffragan, Bishop ~ information about the beautiful silk and ~ Roberts, was elected Bishop of South linen cross-stitch work that is made in Dakota. ~ ~ ~ ~~~n~~~,e c~~na?n:::::~or;;:re inareTa~~~; ~ DR. WILL W. * AL*EXA*NDER, for some five hundred boys and girls who are workyears head of the Commission on Inter- ing hard to become useful ChrIstian racial Cooperation, with headquarters at young men and women. Atlanta, has accepted the position of acting president of the new Dillard Uni- We have something suitable as gifts versity in New Orleans. He will begin his new duties immediately, though pres- for children, young people and older folks. ent plans provide for him to continue as Buying these goods belps to encourage director of the Interracial Commission. a spirit of self-reliance in children who * * .. ~ would otherwise be dependent on kind- ~ DR. C. H. IRWIN retired September 23 hearted people for support. from the post of secretary and editor of the Religious Tract Society, with which The jncome from the sale of these goods Is used to help destitute boys and . .. he has been connected for 35 years. gb~i r~l~s~sb.eicnosmt eea du soeff ubl e cCo mh riinsgt i abnegm~aerns and ~~ and ~'M THE REV. A. C. SNEAD, the Foreign Secretary of the Christian and Mission- ft Our Specialty for Sunday School Classes 11, ary Alliance, has gone to Japan to hold this Season is a BE!autifuI Handa series of conferences with the mission- Painted Silk Bookmark. aries and J apariese leaders. Write at once fol" price Itst .. * .. and full informatIOn to THE REV. BERT NELSON, an American IJI 'M G. A. LUNDMARK missionary, has now been held by Communist bandits in Honan and Hupeh ¥t 'It: 2002 GRACE STREET, CHICAGO, ILL. L~;;;;~;;:~:d provinces for a year, and there are no present prospects of his being released. FOR LOVERS OF MISSIO~S He is a member of the Lutheran United HUMAN INTEREST STORIES from a new field Mission which has paid more than $10,000 in ransom to secure his release, in Belgian Congo, East Africa. but the bandits after receiving the money began making extravagant, not to say Three brle! storIes: "KATSUBUKIRO, the impudent, demands. eleven-year-old boy schoolmaster" ; "Death DR. HOWARD B'". G*ROS'"E, editor of Mis- Drums" ; and "Home Life of the Banandi Women." sions, and for many years senior vice- SUitable for missionary programs. Sent FREE by an interdenominational FAITH mission.

Address UNEVANGELIZED AFRICA ](ISSION, 536 South Hope St., Los Angel••, CalIfornia president of the International Society of Christian Endeavor, on September 5 COMING EVENTS December 30-January 3, 1932-STUDENT .. . .. celebrated his eightieth birthday. VOLUNTEER CONVENTION, Buffalo, MR. LESLIE B. Moss, of the Committee New York. of Reference and Counsel, will make a visit during the winter to the Far East. January 2-3-COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR He plans to leave late in November, HOM]" MISSIONS, ANNUAL MEETING, visiting mission work in Egypt and Toronto, Canada. spending approximately two months and a half in India and proceeding to China, January 4-6-HoME MISSIONS COUNCIL, Korea and Japan, returning to the ANNUAL MEETING, Toronto, Canada.

. .. .. United States about the first of June. January 12-15-FoREIGN MISSIONS CON- FERENCE OF NORTH AMERICA, Atlan- MISS CLEMENTINA BUTLER has been tic City, New Jersey.

granted leave of absence from the Wom- January 18-19-COUNCIL OF CHURCH an's Foreign Missionary Society of the BOARDS OF EDUCATION, Cincinnati, Methodist Church in order to attend the Ohio.

. . .. seventy-fifth anniversary of the found- January 24-CHIW LABOR DAY.

ing of the mission of the Methodist Epis- February 4-INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF copal Church in India. ~EL.IGIOUS EDUCATION, Chicago, 11- hnOls. REV. LEWIS R. SCUDDER, D.D., M.D., returned from India on October 12. February 12–WORLD DAY OF PRAYER.

(Concluded on Third Cover.) PIonso mention TrrE ~fISSI03!"RY REVJEW o1l' TRill WORm In writing to ndvortisrrs.

LIV, No.12 December

KALEIDOSCOPIC GLIMPSES OF ASIA BY EDWARD M. DODD, M.D., New York Medical Secreta.rrtl O'f the Presbyterian Board of Formfl'll Missions. Formerly a MissiO'lJary ,in Persia O UT of a kaleidoscope of im- Near the other end of our trip, pacts from a rapid world Dr. TooteU of the Hunan Mission tour what are the outstand- in China was telling me of seeing ing impressions? What are the Communists, who had been capones which bear the most signifi- tured by Nanking Government cantly on man's future and the troops, marched through the Christian enterprise? streets of Changsha to be behead- During a short stop in Paris, I ed. As they went along they shouted "Long live Communism." was walking through Versailles Their zeal, like the martyrs of old, with two chance companions from the bus load under the regis of the was stronger than any fear of apthoughtful Thos. Cook and Son. proaching death. One was an eager German stu- These are two glimpses of what dent; the other was an American we felt through so much of our Russian Jew from New York, who, trip-the huge question-mark- after seventeen years absence from J)ortentious or J)romising or mixed, Russia had been visiting his rela- which is represented by Russia.

tives and friends in Warsaw, Mos- But my thought has not been pricow, Kieff and various other parts marily Russia and Communism, of Soviet Russia. He had seen the though they are of vast significonditions close up and off parade. cance to the Christian enterprise, He had a mass of exceedingly in- so much as the thing which Russia teresting observations and reac- exemplifies so strikingly, and tions which he was thoughtfully which India and other countries sifting. Among other things, he also exemplify-the power of a was impressed with the fervent mastering idea. conviction and zeal of the younger generation, imbued to the finger- In this respect there has been a tips with the Communist thesis. profound change in the thinking of Sacrifice, patience and endurance great masses of people in Asia were all part of the game for the within the last decade, since I left great objective, crystallized in the Persia and travelled home by In- dia and the Far East. The old Five Year Plan. He was deeply static, passive, submissive East is impressed with this spirit. rapidly changing to a dynamic, ac- 885

tive, assertive East. This observa- which are part of a great compel- tion is commonplace enough, but ling, inspiring idea. Millions of the point which interested me people in India, China and Japan greatly was how the face of Asia are being stirred as never before.

was being changed by the power of Can conviction be met with any- sweeping ideas, which bear on in- thing less than conviction? Can dividual human life and on the we adapt ourselves to meet the new whole social order, and which are situation?

My brother and I were traveling by train from Angora, the capital of the new Turkey, to Talas, a sta- tion of the American Board, which had been our old home. The two other people in the compartment were a Turkish colonel (a World War veteran), and a younger offi- cer. The colonel proved to be a genial, democratic, soul, who was sociability personified. We were presently talking about everything under the sun-from personal af- fairs to politics. Then he offered to draw the scheme of the ambi- tious government program of rail- road building, which has already progressed far toward completion.

Each time, as he started to write down the name of some city, he automatically began with the old Arabic script, from right to left, but each time he caught himself, reversed, and began over ·again with the new Romanized writing in the opposite direction, and with THE DISAPPEARING VEILED WOMAN very evident pride in the latter. OF THE EAST This one change alone in Turkey being worked out in large pro- has been a revolution in itself. It grams. The followers of Mr. breaks with the past-the mighty Gandhi show this to an extraordi- Arabian Mohammedan heritage– nary degree. The spirit with far more than we realize.

which they move is tremendously In Tabriz, Persia, I was talking challenging. The Rev. Frank Bi- with a good friend, a young Sayid, ble and I had the opportunity of who keeps a modern drug store, meeting some of the Indian Con- and who had recently become a gress leaders in two or three cities, Haji by virtue of a pilgrimage to and we were profoundly impressed Mecca. He was picturing the with their spirit. Purposefully, travel and the crowds. Can you patiently, intelligently-whether credit the statement that the trip you agree with them or not–they from the pilgrim port of Jidda to are moving toward certain goals, holy Mecca is now always made by

KALEIDOSCOPIC GLIMPSES OF ASIA

motor car across the desert? No Right here is our changing more long days by caravan; enter front. If the fading of the old ora Ford or a Buick and in a few der meant moral advance; if it hours you are there. How long can meant turning to Christianity; if Mecca remain totally closed to non- it meant seeking for truer spiritual Moslems at this rate? Perhaps light; it would be one thing. But about ten years more. The pres- the consensus of opinion seems to sure of profits from tourists and be otherwise. The trend is what movie people and pUblicists, you will-materialistic, religiously coupled with Moslem relaxation indifferent, agnostic, sometimes and ease of travel, will be hard to social minded, sometimes idealistic, resist. My Haji friend went on to often quite otherwise; but certainsay that the census of the year's ly it is in new and untried direcpilgrims showed a marked faIling tions, with a constantly decreasing HOW WE TRAVET,ED ACROflS '.rHE PERSIAN DESERTS off. The largest delegation was hold of the age-long sanctions. from Java–40,000. And he con- The baleful effects of western ::3idered them a barbarous, dirty night-life and drinking, of our lot, as he visited their camps. This worst movies, cynical after-effects reaction was far more evident than of the war among so-called Christhat they were brother religionists tian nations, with the loss of westof a world faith. The delegation ern prestige-all these and other from Persia was only 5,000-a con- influences are insidiously and siderable decrease over the past. sweepingly at work. Turkey, once the military and religious head of Islam, produced Shortly before I sailed for Peronly five pilgrims! Could anything sia fifteen years ago, I was talking be more eloquent of what is taking with a gentleman in New York. place-Islam crumbling at its cen- He knew that I was going out as a ters. The old moorings are slip- missionary and freed himself of ping-and what have you? some comments. The burden of these was that it was a mistake to

compete with the old religions; we mission hospitals in nine different should contribute to them and not Asiatic countries, and have seen replace them; otherwise we would the same sort of service, with vary- risk losing great values without ing methods and different person- corresponding gains. alities, giving its witness to all Whatever element of truth there sorts and conditions of men.

may once have been in this hoary My Christian Credo argument, it does not check with actuality today. The old religions My credo in medical work in are in retreat and on the defensive. this shifting, groping, upheaving Merely left to themselves in a mod- day and age, has at least three ern and communicating world, they tenets: will disappear or so change as to 1. It exemplifies and expresses be mere vestiges of their authentic the Christ spirit. With all the selves. frailties of our human medium it What is the import of this to us? makes its appeal, in spite of in- Is there less or more urgency for tellectual cynicism and political the missionary enterprise? Has preoccupation and economic pres- the Christian enterprise a real sure. Who could be so obtuse or message for. so changing and un- so distracted as to be able to visit precedented a situation? Dr. McKean's leper village in May I offer a partial answer? Chiengmai, Siam, and not be r have been to Vellore and have touched to the quick? Who could seen Dr. Ida Scudder in action. be so blind as to visit Hackett The large, beautiful, efficient, gra- Medical in Canton and not recog- cious-spirited hospital-minister- nize that something quite beyond ing to its thousands-and then the the powers of the old order, and splendidly conceived and nearly more than fulfilling the best ideal completed medical school in that of the new order, is going on there?

lovely setting outside the city- 2. The special contribution of where scores of women doctors the medical work is needed because will be trained for Christlike serv- of its welding of science and faith.

ing-are an unanswerable contri- Better and more persuasive than bution. They embody convictions books and arguments, you have and they show a new way. I was here people, who are trained in the with Dr. Scudder in the ward when scientific method, who believe in she stopped to speak to and caress the scientific approach to life (as a little wisp of a woman, with such far as it can go), who are profi- appealing eyes. She was a fifth cient in an envied scientific attain- Cesarean case! Four times before, ment, and yet who, at the same this mite of a woman had gone time, are believers in the religious through that operation. A fifth supremes, believers in the spiritual Cesarean operation does not hap- meaning of life, believers in God pen often, and this was successful and in Jesus Christ. Part of the for mother and child. reaction in the younger generation The surgical skill was all there, in these countries takes the form but what gripped me even more of an ultra or misconceived evalua- was the atmosphere at that bed- tion. They think that science is all side. and that science precludes faith in r have been in some sixty-six the unseen. The medical man and

KALEIDOSCOPIC GLIMPSES 0);' ASIA

woman of the Christian enterprise sentatives. In times of bewilderlive and teach something more than ment and danger and extreme testthis. If anyone can get it across ing these Chinese doctors and they can. nurses have made good.

3. Medical Missions train men We are faced with an Asia where and women for the future, doctors mass ideas, which are apart from and nurses, who shall go out and accepted religion, which cut across work-whether through healing or established racial and social patprevention-for their own people, terns, and which break with the because men and women from a whole heritage of the past, are distant Christian church first came gripping people as never before. to them. What is our answer?

DR. IDA SCUDDER AND HER HELPERS STARTING ON A MEDICAL TOUR The chaos in China has brought The old order is obviously passout heroism and latent power. The ing. The new order is the question graduates of mISSIOn medical mark. Whither will it go? Where schools, such as that at Shantung do we come in on it? Christian University in Tsinanfu, have made an enviable record in Part of our answer is already on carrying on mission hospitals, the ground, ministering to perwhen the foreigners have been sent petual human needs in the name of away by their government repre- our Master. Shall we go on with it?

LET CHRISTIANS EVERYWHERE CULTIVATE A CONSCIOUS FELLOW- SHIP WITH THEIR LIVING AND LOVING LORD AND ALL THE "MAJOR CONCERNS IN FOREIGN MISSIONS" WILL CLEAR AWAY LIKE THE MISTS OF THE MORNING.

WHERE CHRI'i'lT GOES, WE WILL GO; AS HE WORKS, WE WILL WORK; AND OUR GIVING WILL BECOME MORE AND MORE COMMENSUR- ATE WITH HIS SACRIFICIAL GIVING.

WHITE ANGEL OF TOKYO*

The Story of Miss A. Caroline MacDonald, of Japan BY MAMIE C. G. FRASER, Toronto, Canada A CAROLINE MACDONALD, the work extended beyond Tokyo M.A., LL.D., the minister- and beyond the lives of the students • ing angel in Japanese pris- who had greatly benefited by the ons and the missionary to working establishment of Christian hostels. women of Tokyo, died on July 18, A Japanese National Association in the Victoria Hospital, London, grew up, and it was a real joy to Ontario. Miss Macdonald when a Japanese With ancestors the embodiment young woman, Miss Michi Kawai, of courageous daring and inde- was appointed joint National Secpendence of spirit, it can easily be retary.

seen that the love of freedom and Then a tragedy occurred in fair play – the spirit of independ- Tokyo which brought Miss Mac- ence and daring statesmanship donald into contact with men in which never fails to attract and the prisons and later with their challenge – was Caroline Mac- families and friends and changed donald's God-given inheritance. the whole course of her life. Join- She was the daughter of Doctor ing the staff of the Women's Coland Mrs. Peter Macdonald, of lege in Tokyo, she gave half her Wingham, Ontario. Her father time to her prison work and, for a was for many years a physician time, half to teaching. The prison and was also a member of Parlia- work rapidly developed into social ment, and deputy Speaker of the service which attracted the atten- House of Commons from 1901 to tion of Japanese officials, winning 1904. In the lovely little town of their approval, and resulting in the Wingham, Caroline Macdonald re- establishment of settlement work ceived her early education, later in the most congested district in going to the University of Toronto, Tokyo.

from which she graduated with This work made Miss Macdonald honors in 1901. She dedicated her famous, for it spread out into a life to the service of God and first great social service work among entered service as secretary in the the people and their families. It Ottawa Y. W. C. A. In 1903, she led to the establishment of night became Traveling Secretary of the schools for girls in industry, a re- Student Volunteer Movement, later markable piece of pioneer work; being chosen National Y. W. C. A. to the bringing about, through Jap- Secretary of Canada. Twenty- anese management, of various eight years ago she went to Japan changes in the care and service for in the interest of the welfare of convicted persons both in prison young women, in answer to a and on their return to society; to definite request from the wives of preventive work for delinquent missionaries who asked for a children and the establishment of worker to establish association ac- a juvenile court.

tivities in that country. In time While engaged in this unique • From The Glaa TMinY8. Toronto. Cana<ln. prison service Miss Macdonald 890 published the autobiography of the "Most touching of all and most man in Tokyo prison who was arresting is his frequently repeated awaiting the execution of the death estimate of the faith and character sentence. Miss Macdonald pub- of Christians. No Christian, he lished it in Japanese and, at the tells us, is ever afraid of death.

request of a prison official, trans- Christians, as he conceives them, lated it into English under the title "A Gentleman in Prison." The officials' reasons for asking the publication of this life story were illuminating. He said: "Much is said nowadays about the difficulties of mutual understanding between the East and the West. Ideals are different, customs are different, the background of life and history is different, and we face an impasse.

Educated people, it is said, may ap- proximate in thought and outlook, but for the people at large the case is hopeless. And while this is be- ing said, we have had in this very prison an example to the contrary.

A man, uneducated, steeped in crime, condemned to death for murder, waiting daily for the un- escapable end to which his crimes has brought him, is touched by one of another nation, and a woman at that, with traditions and history and education as different from his as night is from day; but the uni- versal message of the love of God flashes across the gulf of human differences and the man's soul re- sponds. I want your American people also to know this story, be- cause it illustrates from real life, and beyond the shadow of doubt- ing, the fact that underneath all the superficial differences that sep- DR. A. CAROLINE MACDONALD arate us, we are one in the depths are people who always live up to of suffering and sorrow and sin- the highest principles of Christ, ning, and in the heights of love and and whose thought and conduct are sympathy and God." ever worthy of His loftiest ideals.

Dr. John Kelman closes his fore- The only Christians he had ever word to the book with the follow- known were the two women who ing striking paragraph. Referring told him of Jesus in his cell."

to this man, whom he terms, "one These two women were Miss Mac- of God's aristocrats," he says, donald and her friend, Miss West.

Next in importance to the work The wording gave expression to among the prisoners was the estab- the appreciation felt for her labors lishment of night schools for girls of the past ten years, special menin industry-an entirely new field tion being made of her prison of mission work in Japan. It be- work, her share in the Juvenile gan in 1924, during a strike in one Court, and-most wonderful-"for of the textile factories in Tokyo, spreading the Gospel of God." On when Miss Macdonald allowed the the enthronement of the present 150 girls on strike to hold meet- Emperor, she was one of six forings at her settlement. She taught eigners to receive a silver cup, them domestic accomplishments given for distinguished service to and provided classes for study; as industry, commerce, immigration a result she had under her care, up and colonization. Lord Willingdon, to the time of her death, a night the Governor-General of Canada, school of large proportions with cabled the congratulations of the branch schools in five different fac- Canadian Government to Miss tory groups. This school gave Macdonald. In 1929, she was working girls an opportunity for asked by the Labor delegate from education, and carried with it the Japan to the Labor Conference in teachings .of Christ, translating Geneva to accompany him as interinto action the principles taught by preter and adviser. In 1925, the Him. By her interest in Japanese University of Toronto conferred women Miss Macdonald brought upon her the degree of LL.D., the them consolation and enlighten- first woman to receive that honor. ment and as a result they realize Her presentation brought forth the their own economic value. The priceless encomium from Professor problem which remained was, ac- Maurice Hutton: cording to Miss Macdonald, to see that they understand the spiritual If any follow her they will not win value of life as well, not for their it in a field more honorable or more own sakes alone but for the sake feminine. She has won the right to of the Kingdom of God on earth. be here by her life work as a mis- Miss Macdonald's work was interdenominational and received sup- sIonary. port from both the United Church and the Presbyterian Church in The church of which she was a Canada. member in Japan likewise honored her and she enjoyed the distinction Many honors came to Miss Mac- of being an elder in the Presby- terian Church in Tokyo. But perdonald in acknowledgment of her haps the decoration she prized most highly was a copper sen (oneservices. From the Emperor of half cent) bequeathed to her in a formal will, as his sole earthly pos- Japan, she received the Sixth session, by a noted criminal whom she was instrumental in leading, Order of the Sacred Treasure, and, before his execution, into the Peace of God. in 1924, the Department of Justice Just before word of her death presented her with a gold cup, ac- had been received in Japan, the Government sent through the Mincompanied by a certificate, bearing ister to Canada, Mr. Tokgawa, a on the top the Imperial crest, a gold chrysanthemum, and at the lower left corner the signature and large red seal of the Minister of Justice.

1U::l l] THE WHITE ANGEL OF TOKYO

silver vase-as a "sick bed gift"- mother was cheered and given ill "appreciation of her meritorious sufficient help to take her to her service." family home. .

One so truly great can never die To the weekly prayer-meeting, But lives and loves and serves to alI where Miss Macdonald always spoke, came the girls from her eternity. night school and some ex-pupils. There were also present several AN APPRECIATION boys on probation from the juve- nile court and ex-prisoners. By MRS. DANIEL STRACHAN When we finally were going up- When in Japan, I went one stairs, I remarked that she had not morning with Caroline Macdonald locked the front door. "This door to one of the large prisons where is never locked," she replied, "and she carried on work. There I saw the prisoners in their prison garb if you lock it now you will be lockbeing marched around the yard for exercise, while armed guards stood ing in the bUrglars instead of lockby. Caroline Macdonald visited ing them out, for upstairs there are six men sleeping who just DR. MACDONALD AND TWO OF ITER I!1EJU.ow WORK.IIlRS IN JAPAN and talked with these men in their came out of prison today. This is cells – desperate men, most of the 'House of Friendliness.' " them, whom she influenced and changed, men who called her In the Night School for the Girls friend. in Industry I heard from her the story of the lives of many of them. At her settlement I saw another I saw her address a meeting of one piece of work, which grew from of the large Labor Unions where her prison work – the care of the she spoke, at their request, on the families of prisoners. The wife of principles of the Christian religion. one of the prisoners and her twin In the Presbyterian Church in babies came to seek advice and Tokyo, she was the only foreigner help. The babies were bathed and in the congregation. dressed in fresh clothing, the The esteem in which she was

held by rich and poor, by the in- also Mrs. Kishi, the four Governors fluential and the outcast, was re- of the Tokyo prisons. Five Budmarkable. She loved Japan and its dhist priests came and afterwards people and made herself part of it. remarked how much they were im- She identified herself thoroughly pressed by the service. with everything in Japan and made her friends among the Japanese, Mr. Tagawa, who presided at the spoke their language like a native memorial service, said: and was well acquainted with the history. Tributes were paid to her My friendship with Miss Macdonald lasted for more than twenty years. by judges, lawyers, ministers, n- I will always remember the care and attention which she gave me in 1917 nancial men, bankers and business when I was put in prison for writing men. One man said, "She has in- an article to which the authorities obterpreted other nations rightly to jected. This was a serious event for us." Dr. Ozawa, Chairman of her me but Miss Macdonald visited me Board, spoke of her as "An am- many times and cared for my family, bassador from Canada to Japan, doing everything possible for us. She the best kind of ambassador that did InQre for me even than my own could be sent." relatives and the incident was re- ported abroad…… She thought Caroline Macdonald was indeed good and did good. I was much moved a friend of publicans and sinners, by her work and counted her as one and now in that "House of Many of my friends for life. I had no Mansions" we think of how much other such friend, even among the at home she is with her Master and Japanese. Saviour and with the ransomed and redeemed for whom He died. Miss Macdonald regularly visited four Tokyo prisons, but the one The Memorial Testimonies with which she was most closely connected was the Kosuge Prison, At the memorial service in Tokyo of Tokyo, to which men who had the Japanese carried out the cere- more than ten years to serve were mony with dignity and impressive- sentenced. Governor Arima, who was at Kosuge during the greater ness. The church, which seats soo part of the time that Miss Mac- donald visited the men there, people, was packed. In front of understood and appreciated her the pulpit a beautifully enlarged prison work better than anyone portrait of Caroline in cap and else; but the new Governor who gown was placed, draped with succeeded Mr. Arima was fully black silk, surrounded by wreaths convinced of the value of what she of flowers. Messages of sympathy was doing for the men, and read were received from the Home Min- this tribute at the memorial servister, Minister of Justice, Labor ice, which was held in Tokyo, at Party, the Women's Spinning the Japanese church of which she Guild, several of the universities was an elder. and women's colleges. Thirtyeight telegrams from various towns With deep humility, I address the throughout Japan were received spirit of Miss A. C. Macdonald. Crimand one from Mr. Soyo in Man- inals, objects of fear and hatred, churia. Judge Miyaki and his enemies of society, what hope have family were present, Mr. Matsuoka they for sympathy or understanding, and his family, the Vice-Minister who are they, that they should be of Foreign Affairs and Mrs. Nagai,

THE WHITE ANGEL OF TOKYO

given a word of encouragement, or struggle. All promise t'O try to live that a hand should be stretched out to lift them from their life of dull de- in such a way as to be worthy of all spair? But you know what they the sacrifices you have made for them. needed. Y'ou, a woman of culture and taste, left your far-away country to There are some who did not write, bring comfort and love to prisoners, to the outcasts 'Of society. You feeling that they could not put their brought the Word of God to those unf'ortunate 'Ones, not as one perform- grief into words. They offer you ing a duty, but as a mother talking with her children. During the past these flower,s as the most fitting seventeen years, thousands of prisoners have been strengthened and en- symbol of their gratitude. cDuraged by your inspiring advice and practical assistance. Only God and You have been taken from us, but perhaps the Governor of Kosuge can know what expenditure of thought we are certain that the seed you have and vital force was required for this stupendous labor of love. SD patiently and lovingly planted in At this moment, there are one hun- the hearts 'Of the men at Kosuge, will dred and thirty-two men in Kosuge who have been cDming directly under grDw and bear fruit, so be content your influence. When the,se men heard that their friend had left them, with the labor you have performed so never to return, it is hard tD imagine their grief and disappointment. In- well. ' deed I was so moved by their sorrDW that, to give them a little comfort, I Miss Macdonald's single-handed suggested that they write to you, tell- influence brought abDut a change ing y'Ou all that was in their hearts. in the general Japanese attitude I have collected these letters and am toward prisoners. Her sympathy 'Offering them today to your spirit. for them knew no limits and she would never admit that any human From these outpourings of the being was beyond reform. She dehearts of men who were rejected by tested cruelty with all her soul and the world and who have been given was convinced of the importance hope and comfort by your unending of kindness as an agent in reform. kindness, you can know the deepest of She was of tOD robust an intellitheir sorrow and affection. Some say gence to admit that criminals that they grieve for you as for their should be held irresponsible Dr that mother. Others confess that they are crime should not be punished, but only prevented by the recDllecti'On of she held that punishment failed if you from putting an end to their it ended as mere chastisement and was not directed towards the re- demptiDn of the criminal. ThDUgh she leaves no buildings or a great organization behind her, she has planted here a living seed which has taken root and will per- manently influence a part of the life of Japan.

CRIME IN AMERICA A,ND IN JAPAN YUSUKE TASURUMI, a Japanese authDr and political leader, expresses the view that Japan has not the widespread crime with which the pnited States is trying to grapple because of the powerful restraining mfluence of Japanese family life. The ingrained reverence f'Or parents in Japan has had its influence in restraining crime, and such reverence is not an outstanding characteristic of the present social life in America. While it may be argued that we have conditions which tend to foster crime that do not prevail in Japan, it must be acknowledged that a more careful observance of the Christian injunction to honor 'Our parents would I have a wholesome influen~e in America.

THE MODERN TRAFFIC IN IS'I'ANBUI

CONSTANTINOPLE AFTER A CENTURY BY THE REV. CHARLES T. RIGGS, Istanbul, Turkey Missionary 01 the Amtwiaan Board 0/ OQmmWtsio-ners lor Foreign Mi88ions O N JUNE 9, 1831, there ar- ambassador or minister; there rived in the Bosphorus, Wil- was not even a commercial treaty liam Goodell and his wife, or any treaty as yet with the ris- the first mIsSIOnaries to effect a ing Western Republic. No for- permanent settlement in the Otto- eigner of any sort was allowed to man Empire. Stations had been live in the old city of Stamboul, established at Smyrna and Beirut, south of the Golden Horn; only but both were then vacated. Con- Pera-the "beyond"-the new stantinople is therefore the oldest European quarter, was safe for mission station in Turkey with a them. Here the Goodells found a continuous and uninterrupted his- home.

tory. Everything was primitive in The pioneers on the deck of the those days. No steamers plied the Arne ric a n sailing-vessel that waters of the Bosphorus, save one brought them round the Seraglio that had begun trial trips to and Point into the quiet waters of the from Smyrna. Transportation Golden Horn gazed on strange was mainly by sail, or in the frail sights. Mrs. Goodell, and the two caiques, whose graceful pointed ladies that voyaged on the same prows have now entirely disap- bark, Miss Mary Reynolds, des- peared. On land, the only vehicle tined soon to become Mrs. William that could thread the maze of nar- Schauffler, and Mrs. Smith, wife of row, filthy streets was the ox-cart, the captain, were the first Ameri- or the buffalo-cart; horses and can women ever seen in the city. donkeys were used, and for heavy There was no resident American loads the lumbering camel; but 896

CONSTANTINOPLE AFTER A CENTURY ~97

nearly everybody went on foot. sand people homeless. Soon the No tram-cars, no European car- new missionary had to write of riages, not one bridge spanned the "frequent and dreadful conflagra- Golden Horn. The old city gates tions (and we call no conflagration in the fortifications on both sides dreadful which does not burn over of the Horn were shut tight each some ten, fifteen, twenty or more night, and all traffic stopped at sun- acres of compactly built houses at down. a time)." Volunteer bucket-lines could do nothing against such Today one sees a marvellous devastating flames. The only fire change in local transportation. companies were bands of villains Suburban trains on both European who drove a hard bargain with a and Asiatic railroads; a network man before they would help him of trolleys with feeder bus-lines; THE OI.D METHOD!; OF TRAVEl. IN- ASIATIC TURKEY automobiles everywhere; frequent rescue his house or belongings, and steamers across the Bosphorus, then often stole the best. and to all ports everywhere; motor-boats chug-chugging all over Contrast this with the brick, these quiet waters; connections by stone, or concrete structures of the air with the chief cities of Europe. present, and the motor fire-engines Speed, promptness and efficiency, and modern equipment that has qualities once almost unimaginable well-nigh rid the city of the terror to the Oriental, characterize the of great conflagrations. present day. Plague and cholera were fear- A century ago, man had not fully prevalent a hundred years mastered the destructive forces of ago, to say nothing of smallpox, nature. Within less than two scarlet fever, and other diseases. months after their arrival, Mr. Every year, from 1835 to 1838, and Mrs. Goodell and their two there was an awful visitation of little girls were burned out in a bubonic plague. In 1836, the great fire that made eighty thou- worst epidemic since the memo- rable one of 1812, took for a time '2

from 6,000 to 10,000 persons per of the Turkish Government was week, and is estimated to have de- at first friendly to the introducstroyed one-fifth of the entire pop- tion of "Lancasterian" schoolsulation. In 1837 two of the mis- a better system than any exist- ing in Turkey at that time. But sionary circles succumbed to the soon the Government's attitude be- came indifferent, and later openplague, despite rigid quarantines- ly hostile. This change was due the wife and infant son of the Rev. largely to the bitter antagonism of the Greek and Armenian Patri- H. G. O. Dwight. The greatest archs and the Grand Rabbi of the precautions had to be taken; and Jews, and to the scarcely concealed experience led to the discovery by jealousy and suspicion of the Rus- Cyrus Hamlin of a cure for cholera sian Ambassador, M. Boutineff. which he used successfully in many Finally, in 1839, this hostility cula case, and which, as "Hamlin's minated in the issuing of orders Mixture," was for decades the most· by Sultan Mahmoud himself for widely employed remedy in the the expUlsion of all the American world against this disease. missionaries. A despatch from the Sublime Porte to the American These dread foes no longer ter- Minister, Commodore Po r t e r , rify the inhabitants. It is many a stated that the Government could no longer be answerable for the long year since the last epidemic safety of the missionaries. The of either visited the city. Moslem Commodore took the surprising atfatalism has given way before titude that as the treaty of Amermodern pharmaceutics. ica with Turkey was merely com- mercial, he had no special duties Sultan Mahmoud II was on the regarding missionaries, but pendthrone when the Goodells arrived; ing word from Washington, he and though he had succeeded only would expect them to be given the five years earlier in ridding his usual protection. realm of the terrible Janizaries, and had instituted various re- The hand of the Russian Ambasforms, his absolute power was be- sador was evident in all this; but coming reactionary. Custom did the hand of the Lord was in connot allow anyone, foreigner or sub- trol; the Sultan died before the orject, to ride horseback while pass- der for expUlsion could be carried ing the imperial palace-all must out. Russian opposition to the dismount and walk. No umbrella Americans was due to the fact that or parasol could be raised in pass- the Tsar regarded himself as the ing it, no matter how fiercely rain protector and patron, the head and or sun beat down. Any "Frank," heart of the Orthodox Church, and or foreign lady, who dared wear a would brook no rivalry. The story green dress on any street, was li- has already been told of the famous able to be stoned, that being the conversation between Ambassador sacred color of Islam. Boutineff and Dr. Schauffler over the case of an Armenian perse- Turkey today is a most demo- cuted for his evangelical views. cratic country. One may wear The haughty Ambassador blandly whatever one pleases (save the stated to the American missionary: forbidden fez!). There is no royalty, and therefore no consequent restrictions.

In 1832, Mr. Goodell was joined by Messrs. H. G. O. Dwight and W. G. Schauffler. The attitude

CONSTANTINOPLE AFTER A CENTURY

"I might as well tell you, Mr. Gospel teaching attract those of Schauffier, that His Imperial Maj- open mind.

esty, the Tsar of all the Russias, As far as Moslems were con- who is my master, will never allow cerned, the death penalty was in Protestantism to set its foot in operation against any apostate Turkey." "And I, sir," was the from that faith. True, there were simple answer, "may tell you that times when the Government was the Lord Jesus Christ, who is my lax in the application of this meas- Master, will never ask the Tsar of ure, and some were allowed to be- all the Russias where He may set come Christians, and were even His foot." baptized. But the Sheriat, or re- Sultan Abdul Medjid, who came ligious law, required that they be to the throne in 1839, was a more put to death, and this was never liberal ruler, but his edicts of tol- abrogated until Turkey put aside eration at first made little differ- the religious law and adopted the ence in the bitter attitude of the law of other nations. For this rea- Armenian and Greek Patriarchates son Christian work among the toward those evangelically in- Turks themselves was very slow in clined. These persons still re- making an impression. mained members of the ancient churches as no Protestant organi- That was a day of very dim rezation had been formed. In fact, ligious light. Illiteracy was frightthe clearly stated policy of the mis- fully prevalent among all the races. Very few knew how to read, and scarcely any women. While the sionaries had been to form no new wealthiest class in all the Ottoman church, but to try by every friend- Empire were the Armenian bank- ly approach to help the clergy of ers, their wealth did not bring with the old churches to reform the cor- it any large amount of culture.

rupt practices and insufficient The value of human life was not teachings of those bodies, particu- highly estimated. Slaves, white larly by giving them the Bible in more often than black, were openly the language of the common peo- sold on the streets; and instances ple. It was only after long-con- were not rare where a poor man tinued and bitter persecution had would sell his own child in public.

culminated in the casting out by How different it is today? Since violent anathema of those who the compulsory introduction of the loved and read the Bible, so that new Turkish alphabet, everybody everyone was warned not to give between six and sixty has been them employment, help, shelter, or commanded to go to school to learn even food, that in self-defense these modified Latin letters. Those these outcasts were compelled in who failed to pass their examina- 1846, fifteen years after Goodell's tion are sent back for fUrther arrival, to organize into a new study. By no means everyone has ecclesiastical body, and seek the learned, especially in the country protection of the Ottoman Govern- districts, but it is some change for ment. The First Evangelical the people to have 10070 literacy Church of Constantinople, of forty as their distinct goal.

members, was followed by thirty One of the first duties of the other organized churches in the early missionaries to Turkey was next ten years, so rapidly did the the preparation of translations of

the Bible in the various spoken lan- latest work in this line being a new guages. A version in modern translation into modern spoken Greek existed, but had to be re- Turkish which is being issued in vised. In Armenian there was separate books in the Latinized nothing. A Hebrew-Spanish ver- Turkish alphabet. The four Gossion was one of the monuments of pels have already appeared and are the life of W. G. Schauffler. In being rapidly bought; the Acts is Turkish, the translation made in in progress. 1666 by Ali Bey, a man of Polish origin, had existed till 1819 only in The advance in Turkish liberal manuscript at Leyden; but Wil- thinking well-nigh takes one's liam Goodell brought with him to breath away. Not only have sev- eral Turkish translations of the NEW TURKI!;H WOMEN IN A CO-EDUCATIONAL, ilIISSION SCHOOL, ISTANBUL Constantinople the newly printed Koran appeared (till now consid- Turkish version of the New Testa- ered too sacred to be rendered ment he had made in Beirut and from the Arabic), but the Angora Malta, with the help of two devout Government has brought out a Armenian assistants. The Old Turkish translation of Ludwig's Testament he completed soon after "Life of Christ," and has allowed his arrival; but it was years be- the exhibition of the movie film, fore this was put into the Arabic "The King of Kings," under its characters then employed by the Turkish title of "The Life of Jesus." Turks. The Armenian translation, In this, as well as other ways, we by Dr. Elias Riggs, followed soon, see the passing of the era of faand later the Bulgarian. All these naticism. The present regime is strongly nationalistic, so much so have been repeatedly revised, the

that nationalism has become a and Prussia aided the Ottoman veritable religion. But in matters armies against Russia. A mere of faith, the present attitude is catalogue of the wars of the cen- rather that of indifferentism. The tury would be long. Each one giving of religious instruction to brought extra and special duties the young, under the age of six- and opportunities to the Christian teen, is forbidden; but this is missionaries to show the spirit of rather to prevent any anti-na- the Master, in relieving suffering tionalistic tendency than to safe- and want, caring for refugees and guard Islam. In fact, the teaching orphans, distributing Scriptures to of Islam to non-Moslem children is those who would take them. It just as much forbidden as is Chris- also not seldom brought privations, tianity. The former statement of isolation, suffering, and sometimes the Constitution, that Islam was danger and death to Christ's mes- the religion of the country, has sengers. But each has in the end been stricken out of the document. contributed to the opening of new Where formerly, on being asked doors and to freeing the minds of what he was, the average Turk people from narrowing prejudice would say: "Thank God, I am a and illogical hatred. Today the op- Moslem," today he will respond portunities for presenting the simply: "I am a Turk." 'spirit and message of Christ to all The century of missionary work the peoples of this land are widen- in Constantinople has been amid ing daily.

wars and rumors of war. Between It is useless to speculate on 1832 and 1839 came the great re- whether another year, or ten years, volt of Mohammed Ali, Viceroy of will grant greater freedom to the Egypt, when his son-in-law and representatives of our Master. We general, Ibrahim Pasha, repeatedly have today all the freedom we defeated the Turkish troops and need; and it is more to the point invaded nearly all of Asia Minor. to recall that our own opportunity Only European intervention pre- is today, not tomorrow; we may vented a Turkish catastrophe. not be alive tomorrow, or next Twenty years later came the Cri- year. Will the churches in America mean War, when England, France aid us to do our best now?

DEPRESSION AND SPIRITUAL VALUES A FRIEND of missions recently said: "I am interested in Chris- tian stewardship as the only road 1 can see to a new economic order. Much of the wealth of America is in the hands of church members, and certainly enough of it is in these hands to accomplish any purpose for God's Kingdom to which our hearts are set. There is nothing more certain than that the Kingdom of God can never come on this earth until the conscience of the Church has been stirred on this matter of property and income. Never has there been a time when membership in a church dedicated to the establishment of the Kingdom of God among men has involved greater responsibilities or been fraught with more difficulties both of thought and action."

A CHINESE MARKET TOWN

BY THE REV. CHARLES E. SCOTT, D.D., Tsinan, China Author 01 uChina From 1Vf.thin./' Etc.

W ITH an older missionary I young missionary can only butt his had been traveling for sev- brains out to no purpose against eral weeks, knowing little those stone walls of hoary custom. of the language and getting my We had gone to the Post Office first taste of country itineration. and had found no letters, and were In many places there was nothing about to step out upon the street that could be called a real road, when we encountered a Chinese. only a narrow path for donkeys He would have attracted attention and barrows; in others the deep anywhere. Tall, venerable appear- muddy ruts were a sight to behold. ing, elegantly dressed, he looked as I did not know the names of the if he might have been the brother villages; had no idea where we of Li Hung Chang. His whole at- were going, or what we would titude was one of command. But meet when we arrived. Our pro- more than that, the keen intelli- visions were about exhausted. gence of his face, with the benevo- One cold spring day we arrived lent expression-not too common at a market town and put up in in a heathen I and – especially an inn that seemed to be "the piqued my interest. In conversalimit" of repulsiveness. There was tion we soon learned that he was no guest chamber, and we slept the great man of that market town on the public kang, devoted to a and that he had a son, an only son, miscellaneous lot of guests. The for whom, as he proudly said, he loafers hung on waiting to see us had purchased an office in Chi-Ii get ready for bed. Province. He owned much of the The next morning even my com- place, and was very deferentially panion, though innured to incon- treated.

venience and hardship, seemed to Dreading the return to our shabthink that certain things had about by inn, I was not loath to accept reached their limit. For the first the courteous invitation to his time on the trip he called up our home, which we found, with all its cook and hinted a mild protest: courts and rooms, occupied ground "This water in which you have about an acre in extent. Chinese been washing our clothes smells heathenism, though much married, pretty bad. Can you not find any has no home. It was an establish- cleaner?" "But," answered the ment for himself and his concucook ingratiatingly, "You h a v e bines. In the guest room we saw been drinking this w ate r here. many indications of wealth. There Surely a cloth cannot be more par- were foreign clocks and foreign ticular than a stomach!" I no- gimcracks of every sort that Westticed that he was using a big stone ern traders had pressed upon him, trough of the inn yard in which or that fancy had prompted him to the animals were fed, as a wash add to his miscellaneous collection.

tub for our clothes. But what was A fine foreign bicycle was there– the use of remonstrating? A no one to ride it; also a German 902 stove that was without piping. the use of a large yard and house Things were covered with dust, for a school and church building. and thrown around in orderless That day after the meeting he reconfusion. It was more like a marked that he was glad he had lumber room than a place of phys- the privilege of putting his propical comfort. For such an estab- erty to such a use as that-considlishment is truly ignorant of what erable admission for a Confuit is to know the fine and tasteful cianist. touch of the hand of Christian woman, queen of her own home. There came a time when I learned that he was sick and ear- But what most surprised me was nestly desired to see me. He had to hear him say, "I have enter- been ill a month and lay quite still tained some of the older mission- and weak on his kang. After oraries. I consider them my friends, dering refreshments for us, he told and would be pleased to entertain us how his life was a failure; how, you !" It did not take me long to despite his successful investments decide that I would enjoy putting in real estate, with many profitable my folding cot into one of those returns, his heart was heavy and relatively high-ceilinged, c I e a n- unsatisfied; how he dreaded the walled, brick-floored rooms, opening into the attractive little court future; how his sins loomed very planted with shrubbery. Above all, large; it was right to confess the place was inaccessible to the Christ, but that he had not the hungry eyes of a ceaselessly star- moral courage to take the step in ing crowd. Our host insisted upon the face of his household and clan. giving us a feast and feast-like His distress was increased because food. We talked the Jesus doc- he knew that he ought to take the trine to him and found that he had step! He asked us to pray for him known of it for some time; but he that he might be given strength. was far from ready to decide for On a later trip he called us Christ. The world, with all its again, and his first words, after cares, too heavily encumbered him. It was another case of "choked the welcome were: "I have had a with riches." dream." Now an Occidental who has not gotten something of a During the years that followed, spiritual insight into the Oriental I came repeatedly to that town for is apt to think of these dreams of special meetings. The Christians the Oriental as nonsense. But had established a church there. dreams sometimes play a tremen- The kindly faced old patrician al- dous part in the decision-making ways insisted on my being his and even in the life-changing of guest, and on each visit I talked an Oriental. For example, there with him about Jesus Christ. I is a man, an elder and evangelist gave him the best Chinese Bible in my field, who was a notorious that I could find, which he prom- wine manufacturer, drinker and ised to read. He began .occasionally gambler. Then he had a dream in to meet with us, the first time when which he saw the mouth of hell on we gathered to partake of the the surface of the great plain Lord's Supper. He seemed visibly where he lives yawning open, and affected by this simple but solemn a mountain of flame leaping out. service. He had earlier given us Towards that flame, as drawn by a magnet, he saw a multitude of

people out of his own and the sur- we knew it was through the work rounding villages, rushing as fast of the old man) to buy at a greatly and as hard as they could; and he reduced price a large, roomy build- himself, in as mad a frenzy of ir- ing with considerable land around rational passion as the rest, also it, the plant located on a conven- running as hard as he could to- ient, near-by street. This would ward that fiery pit, to be engulfed be quite adequate for the needs of in its relentless, all-devouring the local organization, both as a depths. When he awoke from that worshipping place and a school- dream he gave up evil and became house; but our funds were inade- a Christian. quate. These the old man quietly Old Wan said, "I dreamed last helped to supply.

night that I saw H ea v e nand Shortly after, the Chinese pastor Jesus Christ, the Stainless Judge and elder at his urgent request, ("Stainless Judge" means much in made him a visit. Scarcely had a land of notorious official corrup- the w 0 r d s of salutation been tion) standing in the midst of it, passed, when he said eagerly: "I and He showed me a vision of hell wish to be examined for baptism."

with all its torment and the mul- In the course of the examination titudinous eyil things therein. The his head wife and some of his wom- Lord of all beings spoke: 'Which en folk came in, and realizing what do you choose?' and I replied: was in his mind, tried to persuade Lord, I am sick of my sin, and if him that he was not ready to take you can forgive me, I want to be- the step he contemplated. Firmly long to you. Then He graciously he waved them aside and in solemn said, 'I accept you; but you your- tones ordered them not to interfere self do not want to come empty with his fixed determination. His handed. Though you are almost a conviction of Christ was clear and burned out candle, you can still do sincere; and there upon the kang, something for me.' In fear and he was baptized and partook of with great sorrow, I asked: 'Lord, the Lord's Supper, for the first what can a burned out candle do?' and last time.

And He said: 'I will not call you A few days later he died, having 'to Myself now, but will wait a made peace with his Maker. His month, and you shall know what heathen family, greatly disturbed you can do.''' over his rash conduct, sought to Some forty people, members of ward off the curse that offended his clan, had united wit h the deities might bring down upon church. The building loaned by them, by giving him a grand fu- old Wan had for some time been neral – wherein was see n the used solely for school purposes and longest procession, the heaviest or- another, more accessibly located on nate coffin, with the greatest num- the main street, had been loaned ber of bearers, the most beautiful by a Christian merchant. But his banners, the m 0 s t bewildering business was there; the quarters variety of made-up animals and were full and the place was avail- giants and goblins, and the cost- able only at nights and on the Sab- liest offerings of placatory gifts to, bath. We greatly needed a church gods who could harm, that has building. Suddenly there came to been known in the memory of the us an unexpectedly fine offer, (and town.

BECOME

BY THE REV. JOHN STUART CONNING, D.D., New York N o STATEMENT is more fre- one Domus Conversorum to care quently made by Jewish for Jews who had become identified leaders when referring to with the cause of Christ. Rev. Christian missionary effort in be- J. F. de Ia Roi, a careful statishalf of their people than that it tician, estimated that 224,000 Jews is ineffective and almost wholly during the nineteenth century enbarren in results. Ridicule is tered the Christian churches of heaped upon those who seek in any Europe and America. And this in way to win Jews to the disciple- spite of the fact that very meagre ship of Christ. Attempts have even efforts were put forth in their bebeen made to estimate in pounds half. Such a result is greater by or dollars the high cost of "making far than was reported from any a bad Jew into a worse Christian." other part of the world's mission Unfortunately there are Christians field. A quarter of a million conwho in ignorance of the facts re- verts from ten millions of Jews is peat the assertions. a vastly greater result than three million converts from one thou- The fact is that from the begin- sand million heathen. In one case ning Jews in varying numbers the proportion is one in forty, in have, often at great cost, yielded the other one in three hundred. wholehearted allegiance to Christ. The results of Christ's brief per- In our own day there is a dissonal ministry have generally been tinct movement toward Christianunderestimated. We hear of the ity among Jews in certain parts of hundred and twenty in the upper Europe. Sir Leon Levison, presi- room, but forget the tens of thou- dent of the World's Hebrew Chrissands who came under His sway, tian Alliance, after a personal and who later formed the Christian investigation of what is going on, synagogues which were scattered wrote: "The age of miracles has over Judea and Galilee. In the not gone by. Ninety-seven thou- Christian churches of apostolic ori- sand Jews in Hungary alone aegin many thousands 'of Jews were cepted the Christian faith, in included. The "strangers" to whom Vienna seventeen thousand, in Po- Peter refers in his epistle were land thirty-five thousand, and in without doubt Jews of the disper- Bolshevic Russia sixty thousand sion who had become followers of Jews became Christians. We also Christ. The existence of an "Epis- found Jews turning to Christ in tIe to the Hebrews" bears convinc- Germany, Sweden and Denmark. mg testimony to the wide exten- Not a few have done likewise in sion of Christianity among the Great Britain." In America a care- Jews of the period. ful estimate places the number of Christians of the Jewish race at And since apostolic times there not less than twenty thousand. has been no age that has not seen many Jews owning the Messiah- Dr. Arthur Ruppin, the Jewish ship of Jesus. In the thirteenth pUblicist, whose bias is certainly century England had more than not toward Christianity, in look- 905

ing over the entire Jewish field tacts with Christianity. The dis- declares: "Even allowing for the appearance of the ghetto and pale, thousands and tens of thousands and the freerer associations of who succumbed to persecution, Ju- modern times are gradually wear- daism today should be stronger ing away the old antagonisms and than it is by millions and tens of bringing about a new state of mind millions, were it not for the con- more favorable to a consideration tinuous secession to Christianity." of the claims of Christianity. Jews Nor must we forget the high today are open-minded as they character of many Jews who have have not been for many genera- cast in their lot with the Christian tions. They are reading the New Church, since the days of Peter Testament and other Christian lit- and James and John and Paul. erature, listening to messages over What other mission field has pro- the radio, and occasionally visit- duced a list of distinguished indi- ing Christian churches. Most revoviduals that can be compared with lutionary of all is the changing atconverts among the Jews? We titude toward Jesus. Whereas for think of men in the nineteenth cen- long centuries His name was never tury like Dr. Paulus Cassel, Dr. Al- mentioned by reputable Jews, tofred Edersheim, Bishop Hellmuth, day He is widely acclaimed as a the HerscheIls, the Mendlesshons, prophet and as one to whom Jews the Margoliouths, Dr. Capadose, should give heed. Adolph Saphir, Joseph Rabinowitz, Do Jews become Christians? David Baron, Louis Meyer and Yes, always. Wherever Christ is hundreds of others. In America we fairly interpreted with sympathy think of men like Isidor Loewen- and understanding there is an enthal, the pioneer missionary to couraging response. If the results Afghanistan, who translated the have not been greater, the fault Scriptures into the Pushtu tongue lies mainly with the Christian for the people of that land, and of Church which has seldom been con- Bishop Schereschewsky who trans- cerned for the spiritual welfare of lated the Scriptures into Wenli for the Jews. Rarely has the Gospel the four hundred millions of China. been given a fair chance. Preju- But for possible embarrassment it dice, bigotry, injustice, and ill-will would be easy to mention many have too often hidden the face of prominent Christians from among Christ from· His people. But a the Jews of our own generation. brighter day is dawning. The Speaking of recent converts, Sir Church is gradually awakening to Leon Levison says: "Among the a sense of her responsibility. The men and women who have come bringipg of work for the Jews out from Jewry for Christ there within the program of the Interare many who hold university de- national Missionary Council gives grees, doctors of law, medicine, promise of a larger and fuller servphilosophy, science, literature, etc." ice than has hitherto been possible.

Nor should we fail to consider Over this long neglected field the the indirect results of Jewish con- day at last is breaking.

LAWYER'S CHRlSTIAN SCHOOL AT HADAPSAR, POONA

A REMARKABLE INDIAN LAWYER J. P. Bunter, B.A., LL.B., and His Labors of Love for Indian Farmers BY THE REV. D. A. YARDI, B.A., Poona, India I NDIA is a land of marvels, gious awakening among Indian especially in regard to her Christians is that Christian laystoried past and her record of men are becoming more and more lives of devotion and self-sacrifice. alive to their responsibility for the The spiritual life of the people of evangelization of India. Some India has been marked by heights years ago a National Missionary and depths that lead those who Society was formed and its first have the prophetic vision to see Secretary has now become the in the years to come promise of a Bishop of Dornakal. This Indian religious life even greater than Christian movement has spread that which history records. If the and has led to the foundation of Spirit of Christ can take possession Christian Ash ram s in various of the people of India, the latter . parts of the country. It has also glory of this ancient land will be led to the establishment of Chris- greater than any the former days tian schools by Indians. One of these was Miss Susie Sorabji's st. have seen.

The signs of this coming' day are Helena School for Girls in Poona already appearing on the horizon. and another outstanding example The people of the higher castes are is the Christian school of the late being slowly but surely led to see J. P. Bunter, an Indian barrister, in the Lord Jesus Christ India's in the same district. rightful guru and King. Many are Hadapsar is a large village, of beginning to realize that they can only attain pure individual char- nearly 7,000 inhabitants, about five aeter and true nationhood as the miles from Poona, the ancient capfollowers of the crucified and risen ital of the Pashwas. The school was started fifty years ago under Redeemer. the management of Miss Bernard, One of the effects of this reli- a missionary of the Church of Scot- 907

land. In 1913, when Miss Bernard thoughts behind the present diffiretired, the school was handed over culties to the great purpose behind to J. P. Bunter, a public prose- all our work-the driving purpose cutor and an ex-member of the behind all he undertook." Bombay Legislative Council. In his hands the school underwent a He was an ardent student of the great transformation. From be- Bible which to him was the living ing an idea it became an ideal; Word of God. It was the rock on from a mere educational project which he raised the structure of his life; all other knowledge to THE LATE J. P . BUNTER, B.A., LL.D. him was shifting sand. As the in- spiration received from Bible study it became prophetic of the future led other Inaian saints such as Indian Church. Pandita Ramabai and Sad h u Sundar Singh to work for the J. P. Bunter was the son of an Master in a way that has cast a Indian minister of the United Free halo of glory round their lives, so Church of Scotland and after grad- it led Mr. Bunter along that path uating from Deccan College,' he of self-sacrificing achievement that studied law and was admitted to resulted in the development of the the bar. He was a keen and able remarkable Christian educational lawyer and was awarded the institution at Hadansar. Dr. Ken- Kaiser-I-Hind medal. yon L. Butterfield, Counsellor on Rural Work, who came from Amer- Though by profession a lawyer, ica to India to study rural mission Mr. Bunter was, by vocation, one problems at the request of the Inof God's chosen evangelists. He ternational Missionary Council, realized fully the high calling to says of this Hadapsar school: which he had been called and, as one who knew him well, writes: This is one of the most promising "In every business talk he touched enterprises for helping village life on higher things – lifting one's that I have seen in India. I hope it can be developed as a great centre of light and leading for the whole group of adjoining villages. The village peo- ple are cooperating wonderfully. The Church is central as it should be. There is also the purpose for a wide range of helpful service. I hope it may prosper exceedingly.

In his recent book on "The Chris- tian Mission in Rural India," Dr. Butterfield, who is a Christian sociologist of high rank, remarks: It is not the Christian institutions of the western world that are to be imported into India, but the Christian spirit distilled from the life and teach- ings of Jesus Christ, and adapted and applied to the social purpose, the or- ganizations, and the policies of Indian social statesmanship in order to en- able this marvelous but beleaguered

A REMARKABLE INDIAN LAWYER

land of India, as it awakens, to play High civil, judicial and ecclesiits new rOle on the world's stage, the astical dignitaries, including the social pattern of the whole to be "es- Viceroy of India, the Governor of sentially Indian." Bombay, the President of the Bom- bay Legislative Council, the Bishop In some measure this is what the of Bombay, High Court judges and Christian school at Hadapsar has other Government officials, as well been attempting. as important commissions, such as . the Simon Commission, mission- The buildings, as Mr. Bunter aries, and merchants, have visited had planned them, were to consist the place and have unanimously of a school, a dispensary, a Church expressed their admiration of the Hall, and a library. There was work. It has also attracted the atalso to be a model hamlet for which tention of the leading newspapers land has been secured not far from of Western India. Lord Irwin, the school. The total cost of the after visiting the school, said: project was to be about $70,000, of which Mr. Bunter had received I was delighted to have an oppor- $40,000, a large proportion of tunity of paying even a flying' visit which was willingly donated by to this school, and of seeing somenon-Christians. All the leading thing of the work and of the spirit in men of the village today were once which it is carried on…… Most boys in the school, and the coopera- warmly do I wish it all success. tive society of the village, which is in a very flourishing condition, is Work of this nature among the conducted entirely by former stu- agriculturist class has great posdents of the school. The villagers sibilities for the Indian Church for have refused to have any liquor the agriculturists are the "steel shop in their village and many of frame" of India's vast population. them contribute out of gratitude to the annual expenses and to the Their entrance into the Christian fund for new buildings. fold will mean a new era in Indian Christianity, a new chapter in Very definite Christian teaching India's religious history. With is given in the school during the their advent problems of self-supweek and on Sundays which are set port will vanish and also the probapart for the study of the Word of lem of the Christian Mass Move- God and prayer. The beautiful ment. They will help the depressed chapel has a seating capacity for classes to find their rightful place about three hundred people. in the economy of village life. The poverty – stricken community of The position of the school is Christians, virtually ignored by strategic, for within a radius of the Government and despised by two miles there are seven villages their own countrymen, may then (including Hadapsar) and a total become a strong Christian compopulation of 40,000, and the vil- munity gaining their support from lagers are eager to send their chil- the land and not dependent on fordren to this institution. Com- eign mission charity. pulsory education, if put into effect, would make it necessary to The work undertaken by Mr. provide accommodation for 600 Bunter at Hadapsar is an example boys and girls from Hadapsar of what an Indian layman can do alone. and is worthy of support of all

Christians who have vision and school is first of all a Christian :faith. Now he has been called to school where pupils are taught the lay down this work at the age of Bible as well as other branches of fifty-eight. It is left for others to learning and are brought into livcarry forward to completion. ing contact with Jesus Christ. The school buildings were reared, as it The late Rev. W. C. Whiteside, were, on his knees and they bear for many years C. M. S. missionary eloquent testimony to the power of at Poona, said: "To me the work prayer and to the indomitable at Hadapsar seems prophetic of faith of God's devoted servant. the extension of the Kingdom of Prayer was the secret of his own Christ among the farming com- SOME OF THE TEACHERS AND SCHOLARS AT HADAPf:AR munity which is the bodily frame victorious life, the secret of which of the great country of India. he tried to impart to others. Until this great community has been brought under the inspiration The legal talents of Mr. Bunter of the Gospel, India's contribution were also readily placed at the to the Kingdom of Heaven will not service of others. A missionary be complete…… The work at who knew him for thirty years Hadapsar may prove to be one of writes: "For over twenty-seven the scarce, noted beginnings of a years we took to him all our legal mighty conversion of a mighty troubles, and never could he be incommunity." duced to take a rupee from us. After he had worked for years on The evangelization of these peo- some of our land troubles, necessiple became a passion with Mr. tating many visits to court and Bunter, and he bent all his energies much office work, I said to him: and resources to educating these hardy tillers of the soil. The "Do give us a bill for some of this work at least."

AFRICAN DRUMS AND THEIR USES

"Do you really feel that I should type, India would more quickly be give you a bill?" he replied. "If won for Christ and the independyou wish that I will do so." ence of the Indian Church would be less a subject for discussion at Reaching into his pocket he took mission conferences. By his death out a fifty rupee note and said, missions have lost a true friend, "Here is a bill if you must have one the Indian Church one of its most -put it into the orphanage." devoted sons, the Christian com- munity a spiritual leader of rare "I will never ask you again for merit, and the agricultural classes another bilI," I said, "as long as I an effective worker for their highlive." est welfare.

Mr. Bunter was not of the ob- Remember in prayer the work structive, criticizing, sneering, ob- begun and carried on by this detrusive type of Christian layman, voted servant of God and his but was in hearty sympathy with equally devoted wife, a work which the leading objects of the Christian ministry. While he devoted the he has been called upon to relinmajor part of his time to people quish before he could place it on outside the Church, he recognized a firm financial basis. Pray earnthe claims of the Church not only estly that help may be given by on his time but also on his purse, other Christian stewards in Amerand he laid whatever talents God ica or India to finish the work, and had given him at the feet of his that the people for whom J. P. Master to be used for the further- Bunter so selflessly labored may ance of His cause. If the Church be won to the Lord Jesus Christ. were blessed with more men of this AFRICAN DRUMS AND THEIR USES * BY REV. A. E. VOLLOR, Arua, Western Nile District, Uganda A:RICA is a land of drums. in a small round hole in the hut, or The rhythmic throb of the near by. The relatives stand big drum and the fascinating around in a rough circle, the womroll of the small ones that stir the en clapping hands in unison as they whole district at home, communi- wail out their sorrow. One of the cating itself to the feet or fingers, men may be tapping the drum. is the same in Africa. But there is There is the regular rise and fall a difference. There is no pleasure of the voices as one of their number in the African dance drum, but pours out her grief and the rest rerather terror. peat it in a kind of chant.

The grandeur of the dawn is On the morrow the dance begins. spoiled by the wail of the death cry. The death of a child is not much Someone has died and the cry tells considered, but many gather to of the agony of those who have no dance for one who has taken his hope, that are beset only by the share in the life of the tribe. The powers of evil. During the morn- more important the person the biging the body of the one who has ger the dance and the longer it died is buried in a sitting position lasts. People from all the clan col- lect. The chief mourners are • From Inland Africa.

daubed with white clay from head Often cow-skin is used, but the ear to foot. All the men are decked of an elephant is most sought after ,with cowriex shells and feathers because of 'its elasticity and duraand carry spears, bows and arrows. bility. The drums are of all sizes. Drums are placed in the center and Some are about as long and as beat practically incessantly for a broad as a man, others are three whole day, sometimes for several. or four feet high and nearly three The drum beats out a monotonous feet broad. They look very neat thrumming, the women and girls with thongs of different colors. At clap their hands, the sad chant con- the court of Uganda, on occasions tinues, while the whole assembly as many as twenty or twenty-five jog up and down, without lifting are beaten in harmony. One is their feet from the ground. The never complete by itself. noise of the dance largely drowns the voices except at intervals when In the Northern Congo, part of the song rises almost to a shout, or a tree trunk is shaped with a somewhen a change of drummers is what flat top and legs underneath 'made and the chanting and clap- the body. It is then hollowed, leavping is heard alone. ing surfaces on which to beat. Sometimes projections are left to Constantly throughout the day form seats for the drummers. men run out of the circle singly or These wooden drums give out a in pairs; fiercely poising their SUrprising amount of sound. spears and then throwing them at some evil spirit discerned in the Not all the drums in Africa are grass, they quietly return and used for heathen dances. On the others in turn go out. Arua Mission Station we use drums to call the people together They keep this up throughout for worship. Owing to the number the hot day till evening when beer of the meetings we sound different is served. Thoroughly exhausted, beats for different purposes, and they spend the evening in beer also have introduced a gong-acdrinking. It is well that night tually part of the wheel of a railfalls over the repulsive scene. way truck. It may not be as tune- ful as a bell but the sound is not The sound of the drum carries disagreeable. far in this land, and since on moonlight nights they continue till All through the week our drums morning, it is seldom that there is call men, women and children to no dance drum to be heard. school, Gospel meetings, catechism and Bible classes. On Sunday the The African is beset by evil spir- day breaks to the crash of drums. its in every circumstance and every Then the gong sounds for prayer. action. More than all he fears After the prayer meeting the sickness and death. He discerns Christians go out into the villages the hand of the evil one all around to invite others to the Gospel meetbut he does not know of the One ing. The drums call the people to who delivered us from so great a come and listen to the Old Old death, and doth deliver, in whom Story. Again the drum calls the we trust that He will yet deliver. villagers to Sunday school when native Christians instruct six hun- The drums of this part of Africa dred of their own people in the are hollowed sections of trees cov- Way of Life. ered top and bottom with skins, laced to each other by thongs.

STRENGTHEN THE HOME BASE *

D URING the past year, Dr. Christian civilization upon non- John R. Mott has spent much Christian thought and life will of his time visiting virtually never be christianized. "Only as all the mission boards of North men in business, commerce and America, the British Isles and finance, in the diplomatic and con- Scandinavian countries; attending sular service, in army and navy, in a chain of over thirty conferences exploration and engineering, in the of carefully selected groups of many other secular walks of life, leading students, both men and and travellers in their countless so- women, of the universities of these cial contacts-only as these lay- countries, and collaborating in men, by example, by advocacy and many gatherings of representative by every other exercise of their in- laymen of Europe and America. fluence, commend and illustrate the Fresh from these wide and varied Gospel of Christ can the Christian contacts and with an experience faith fully permeate modern life.

extending qver an average life- Such examples constitute one of time as a background, Dr. Mott the mightiest of all apologetics to analyses the present condition of discerning followers of non-Chris- the "Home Base" and makes some tian faiths."

definite suggestions for strengthen- But perhaps the most important ing it. necessity for enlisting laymen in Lay forces must be put to work. this undertaking is the fact that a Missionary societies have too few pagan home base cannot build a laymen under forty years of age Christian civilization in mission on their man a gin g boards. lands. "That is, if Christians of Younger men of business experi- Europe and America are to be of ence are needed to develop a "de- largest helpfulness in Asia and pendable financial base" and to Africa in the conflict with the opium conduct "this complex, world-wide curse, the drink evil, the traffic in undertaking" along sound business women and children, forced labor lines. Such active participation of or slavery, commercial exploitation laymen and laywomen of tried and robbery, the cinema at its business judgment, business habits worst and a devitalizing materialand wide business contacts is es- ism or secularism, then it is absosential in "generating confidence lutely necessary that we come to and enlisting the cooperation of closer and more successful grapple multitudes among the millions of with these and other evils in the lay members who today are totally Christian West. This can only be indifferent to the missionary ob- done as the lay forces of all our Christian Churches are called into ligation and challenge." Furthermore, unless I a y men action within the sphere of their everywhere take serious interest daily calling." in the world mission of Christian- The financial position of Chrisity, the impact of our so-called tian missions must be strength- ened. Dr. Mott summarized the • From The Internatio"al Review of Mis· matter as follows: sions.

3 913

We do not share with Christians compartments, rather than usherat home the right up-to-date facts. ing them into the all-inclusive We deal too much in generalities Kingdom of Christ. and by no means sufficiently with the living and the concrete. We We fall short of making real the fail to convey the impression of the vital significance and the congreatness of the undertaking. We science-shaking requirements of present mere fractions in contrast Christ's announced world purpose. with the wide range of wholeness How little we communicate the of the enterprise. We leave people sense of the splendor, the wonder, far too much shut up in narrow the superhuman in it all! "They denominational, national and racial shall speak of Thy Kingdom and talk of Thy power!"

THE GIFT OF KHAMA'S PEOPLE* W HEN the Scottish National special carving. Mr. Pilkington Memorial to David Living- Jackson, the sculptor, has now stone was being prepared at completed the group of figures in Blantyre, Chief Khama's people oak here reproduced. It is called sent £150 from Bechuanaland to "The Last Journey," and will be meet the cost of one of the histori- recognized as commemorating the cal tableaux which are the chief affection and endurance of the delight of visitors to the house. At faithful men who carried Livingthe request of the chief the grant stone's body through many perils was applied to the production of a from Chitambo's village to the East coast of Africa. • From the L. M. Ii. Ohronlc!e.

PART OF CARVING ON THE MEMORIAL TO DAVID LIVINGSTONE, GIVEN BY THE PEOPLE OF THE LATE CHIEF KHAMA ~b' BECHUANALAND

SUNDAR SlNGH AS 1 SAW H1M

BY HARRY W. NISSANKA, Lasaigaon, Nasik, India T WELVE years ago when I by the principal, the Sadhu spoke was only fourteen years old in Urdu, interpreted by Canon and a student at the Baptist Goldsmith, missionary to the Mo- High School at Colombia, I first hammedans in Madras. His text heard reports concerning an In- was, "Vanity of vanities, all is van- dian evangelist, garbed like a ity." This was the only sentence Hindu holy man, and preaching the he uttered in English. As we lis- Gospel of Christ with unusual tened we realized we were at grips power. We heard that miraculous with reality. Here was a message, experiences had attended his min- simplicity itself, which went istry. Then we learned that he was straight to our hearts. How vain, to visit Ceylon and we boys were how unreal, how wicked become on tiptoe keenly awaiting the Sad- the things of life when they fail of hu's coming. Imagine our delight the highest purpose! There was a when one day at chapel, our prin- man, said the Sadhu, who, by dint cipal, the R·ev. H. J. Charter, an- of perseverance, managed to ob- nounced that on the following tain an M.A. degree with honors.

morning Sadhu Sundar Singh was In his student days he was so poor to speak to uf!. that he could not afford an ordi- Long before the time advertised nary bottle lamp of the sort used in for the meeting, the Waldock Me- the poorest households of India, so morial Hall was crowded with an he collected a number of little fire- expectant audience of over three flies, tied them up in a piece of hundred. Minutes of waiting thin cloth, and by their light read seemed hours, so anxious were we his lessons and wrote his exercises.

to catch a glimpse of the man He was amply rewarded for his whose labors and sufferings for industry for in course of time he Christ had so thrilled our hearts. rose to be prime minister of a na- At length we heard the buzzing of tive state. But he had forgotten a motor car, and a tall, graceful the one thing needful. He had left figure draped in saffron robe, ad- God out of account. He became ill vancing with an elastic step to- and was at death's door. The Sad- wards the dais. hu was sent for. But the man The effect was electrical. Per- passed away into the unknown feet stillness fell upon the audience, with a cry of despair on his lips.

as though a vision from another "What was the use," asked the world had suddenly burst upon us. Sadhu, "of all his education when There was nothing fanatical in his God was left out of his life?"

appearance. On the other hand, His talk abounded in illustra- his countenance bespoke a holy tions. His parables and anecdotes calmness and gravity, radiating pointed di~ectIy to his chief lesson the glow of a perpetual communion and enforced it. He did not speak with the Saviour. long-not more than twenty-five After the hymn, "Let us with a minutes. But every word told. It gladsome mind praise the Lord for was like an arrow that pierced the He is kind," and a prayer offered heart with conviction.

915

At the close of the meeting, "I shall not occupy your time with everyone crowded around the Sad- useless talk about what I have seen hu to shake hands. Superstitious- and heard in my travels. The ly I pressed through the throng Apostle Paul says, 'Pray without and touched the end of his saffron ceasing.'" Then he began a most scarf, hoping to be benefited there- evangelical sermon on prayer.

by. But spiritual power is not ob- I still remember two of his illus- tained in that way. trations. The mother slaps her Two years passed away. Sadhu baby on its back to make it cry, Sundar Singh had visited Europe, and by crying expand its lungs so America and Australia; and on his that it may breathe more freely.

return to India must needs pass Just so the Lord smites us some- through Colombo. He was to times and we may cry out, but thus spend a few hours until the de- we learn to breathe more freely of parture of the train to India. A the atmosphere of heaven, prayer.

meeting was advertised at the Communion with God means God Tower Hall (on September 20, in us and we in God. Yet this does 1920 at 6 P. M.), one of the larg- not destroy our individuality. If est auditoriums in the city. The the iron is in the fire, there will place was cn~wded and I sat in the soon be fire in the iron. But the gallery at the farther end of the iron does not become fire, and the hall. The Sadhu entered, accom- fire does not become iron. At the panied by a number of clergymen end of the address someone asked and other Christian workers and him to what denomination he be- we sang the hymn, "0 for a closer longed. He replied: "I am a walk with God." After a few in- simple Christian. I belong to no troductory remarks by the chair- denomination. Denominationalism man, the Sadhu was called upon to is quarrelism."

speak. He was still the same * * * >I< * simple man we had seen two years before. Only this time he spoke In the disappearance of Sadhu in English. He told us that in the Sundar Singh while on his way to providence of God he had been Tibet Christianity has lost one of privileged to bear his testimony to its greatest practical exponents.

Christ's saving power in Europe, Lost? Nay, not so; for his ex- America and Australia. He said: ample will continue to live.

THE STORY OF MISS TSAI OF CHINA AS TOLD BY HERSELF M y FATHER had twenty-two We could have almost anything we children. He had two wives wished. Our home was large and· and a concubine and his po- had beautiful gardens with an sition was next to that of the gov- abundance of flowers and a lake ernor of the province. He was a in the grounds. As a young girl, man of wealth and of good char- I spent most of my time playing acter. Our household numbered Ma J ongg and drinking wine, payabout sixty, counting the servants ing a good deal of attention to fine -and each small child had a nurse. clothes. I loved my father and he

THE STORY OF MISS TSAI OF CHINA

loved me and gave me many pleas- book with me and held it inside ures, taking me every week to a my Bible to read during the servtheater. Once when he was very ice. I did not wish to pay any atill, I thought of the old Chinese tention to Bible teaching. One day idea that if the flesh of a child is a celebrated American was to take boiled and given to drink that the the service and my only thought patient will recover, so secretly I in hearing him speak was to learn tried to cut a piece of flesh from new English expressions-for I my arm. I had no idea how diffi- thought, if I am obliged to go, I cult it would be and it sickened will use the time to improve my me as I tried again and again with English and that will be my rea blunt pair of scissors to cut off ward for attending. I realize now a piece, but at last I succeeded and how much prayer was going up for my father really did get well. My me as I studied month after month. arm was very, very sore as I put Gradually the words of the Scripon ashes of incense burned in our tures began to sink into my heart private temple, and tied it up with and I felt anything but happy. a none too clean handkerchief, but I kept my secret for a long time, One day when I went to a servfor part of· this superstition is to ice the pastor said "Why is it that tell no one for a hundred days, some people who have heard the during which time the idols are Gospel over and over again are so implored to take notice of this sac- unhappy?" He drew the comparirifice. It took six months for the son that they were like a tree wound to heal. My father passed which had fallen and lay on the away about a year afterwards and ground, and under it were all manwhile we sUlI had enough of this ner of crawling creatures because world's goods, we were not as they loved to dwell away from the wealthy as before. light in the darkness. One day as I sat in a park, I remembered his I was greatly interested in my words and thought: I will see studies but was told that I would whether or not his words are true, not really be considered educated and moved a large block of wood until I could speak other languages. which was lying on the ground. I learned Latin and English in the There, to my amazement I saw a normal school but as I grew up I serpent wriggling its way out of wished to know more. I inquired the light and numbers of insects where I could learn more English all made uncomfortable by the light and a mission school was recom- shining upon them. It was then mended to me. There I made some that I realized that the Lord Jesus progress but when I wanted to was speaking to me and that I was have a special teacher for English, unhappy in the light He had given the lady, Miss Davis, who offered me because I was still in darkness to help me stipulated that the Bi- of soul. So I went to my room and ble must be the textbook. I said prayed: "Oh God, if there is a that I would rather study some God, help me." Then God met me other book for I was not interested and the light came into my life. in the Bible, but she was firm and so we began. I would not attend From that day I knew Christ as prayers until I found it was re- my Saviour and soon after made quired and then I took another a public confession and was bap- tized. I had not spoken to my par-

ents of my new experience but drag our family name into the asked a friend to write and tell dust." them because I knew they would be displeased. When I went home I did not get angry, but said a short time afterwards I found "Oh mother, Jesus is more to me my mother weeping and my eight than anything on earth." older brothers (I was one of the younger children), sitting around They wished to betroth me and the room like judges. My eldest my mother opened the treasure brother beat me. My mother con- chest and showed me all the fine tinued weeping day and night, for apparel and jewels I should have a week. I said, "Mother, the Lord upon marriage-but even these Jesus is so much to me that I can- could not supplant Jesus Christ not help but follow Him." I suf- My brothers stilI beat me at times fered much persecution, for my but gradually the Lord worked in brothers felt I had disgraced them their hearts and, one by one, they and often said "Sister, what have turned to Him. My mother became you done?" When I came to the seriously ill and we brought her table and asked a silent blessing to the Friends' Hospital. Miss Leait displeased-my family very much man, another lady and I fasted for and sometimes they were so angry three days after which my mother that they sent me away without a showed signs of relenting. Before mouthful. Often I spoke to them she left the hospital, she accepted about the Lord. He kept my heart the Lord. After that she tried to in peace and kept me from speak- help in the work in every way she ing hastily. When my mother was could. ill and I again asked her if she would believe, she said: "When I A proud sister who lives in am dead and in my coffin, and the Shanghai said: "Do not call yourlid put down, then and only then self a Bible woman, we do not will I believe in Jesus!" want one of our family to be known by that name. I only said "It is After a time, my favorite broth- most honorable to be a Bible womer, who still loved me, wished me an." to teach him Latin. As we sat in one of the summer houses near our "Then I cannot receive you into private temple in which were my home," she answered. scores of idols, large and small, I drew his attention to them telling "I am sorry if you cannot rehim they could not hear as Jesus ceive me but I must serve the Lord did to whom I prayed. Gradually with all my soul and strength," I he came to believe. It was then replied, "and to serve Him is my that my mother suffered most. She greatest joy." said "I cannot bear it, I cannot bear it; it was bad enough when I praise the Lord that now thiryou followed this foreign doctrine ty-one of my family have come to but to have a son of mine believe know the Lord and that He gives it, is too much to endure, I will me strength to tell my sisters of give you away to anyone, into any His great love. kind of home, just so you will not Miss Tsai is now doing fine work and is greatly used of the Lord among Gov- ernment school girls, knowing their trials and difficulties when they come out on the Lord's side. She herself has gone through the experience. Pray for her.

Present War in Europe tion and are open to persuasion

competing claims. This war, ,says Devere Allen in The American Friend, is being "fought The growth of anti-war sentiment in within men's minds; fought in the the Christian churches of England market place, the stock exchange and and America is heartening but in the banking institutions; in the dip- Europe this development has not been lomatic headquarters of the struggling nearly as rapid and widespread. nations; in the chemical and ammunition factories; in the contest to sway What can be done to avert the conmillions of youth toward different sys- flict for which the world seems to be terns; fought between a hundred preparing and rehearsing? minorities and the majorities that Salary Cuts and "No Retreat"

would hold them subject; fought in In these days, when many find that the clash of propaganda issued by their incomes have greatly decreased, clever snipers in pressrooms; fought when multitudes are out of employin the shop, the meeting hall and the ment and when contributions to street between the ruling classes and benevolent objects have been falling the revolutionary proletariat." War- off, it is natural that mission board making attitudes and practices hang executives and office staff should face over the European peoples and are not a reduction in salaries. Probably easily dispelled. none of these salaries are too large, Uppermost in people's minds are when we consider the cost of living and the responsibilities involved. wartime legends rather than the cold, S'ome Boards have adopted a salary real facts about war. Small nationali- ties and minority populations cry for basis so small as to mea'll real sacrifice justice and yet it is difficult to find and a threatened loss in efficiency.

the ideal for them. French rule in There is a wide range in the amount Alsace-Lorraine since the War has not paid missionary executives – from solved the Alsacian problem. The un- $2,500 to $8,000 a year, according to settled situations in other minority the board or society.

groups show the difficulty in adjusting The executives of more than one the status QU()o If the League of Na- mission board have agreed to a ten per cent reduction in their salaries, and a tiO'IIS becomes an instrument for peace- five per cent reduction in the salaries able changes in the status quo, peace paid to members of the clerical staff, will immeasurably be advanced.

Communism and capitalism are wag- rather than make a cut in the missioning war for supremacy in Europe. aries' salaries. The secretaries of the Montague Norman, Governor of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- Bank of England, recently said that sions have voted to inaugurate a sacriunless drastic measures are taken to ficial fund with a view to maintaining save the world, the whole economic the work abroad without reduction. structure will topple in a year. Soviet It is called a "No Retreat Fund." AI- Russia is viewed with a mixture of ready the voluntary contributions to fear and interest. Peace organiza- this fund, from the secretaries, office tions originally militantly opposed to staff and members of the Board, war have assumed a fact-finding func- amount to a considerable sum. Some 919

executives have cheerfully contributed moderator of the General Assembly of ten per cent of their salaries. the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., and president of the Federal Council of The secretaries of any mission board Churches of Christ in America. ca'nnot see the work threatened without concern and the Presbyterian The recent anniversary of Dr. Board has noted with anxiety a de- Speer's secretaryship of the Board of crease of gifts in recent years. If Foreign Missions was a very happy this should continue at the present celebration presided over by Dr. rate (about 9.6 per cent) during the Charles R. Erdman, president, and rest of the year, there would be a brief addresses were given by Dr. deficit of at least $330,000. Such a Lewis S. Mudge, Moderator of the deficit would almost certainly demand General Assembly; Dr. John R. Mott, a "cut" in appropriations for the com- Secretary of the International Mising year with a consequent loss to the sionary Council; Dr. J. Ross Stevenwork. It is already difficult for the son, President of Princeton Theological Christians on the field to support their Seminary; Dr. Arthur J. Brown, for share of the work. All appeals are to thirty-five years a beloved oolleague of be subordinated this year to the major Dr. Speer; and Dr. A. R. Bartholoneeds of the regular budget. This mew, for forty-four years secretary of will leave many urgent calls unan- the Board of Foreign Missions of the swered. Reformed Church in the United States. Expressions of thanksgiving, affection Careful examinatio'n will also be and esteem came from hundreds of made of the entire work, at home and friends and fellow workers in many on the field, to discover whether churches. Dr. Speer and Dr. Stevenfurther savings can be effected and son both called attention to the growth where and how funds can be used of the Foreign Mission enterprise durmore effectively. ing the past forty years. The work under the Presbyterian Board has in- The state of the world challenges creased threefold in the missionaries the Church to an increase of giving supported, and the budget fourfold, and sacrifice. This is a time of crisis while the membership at home has when the Church of Christ should re- doubled. Many missionary forward spond to the call for prayer and for movements have been inaugurated or sacrifice. enlarged during this period, including the Foreign Missions Conference, the Robert E. Speer's Anniversary* Student Volunteer Movement, the Lay- men's Missionary Movement, the Mis- The whole span of the Presbyterian sionary Education Movement and the Board of Foreign Missions has been International Missionary Council, and covered in the lifetime of two honored the Committee ·on Cooperation in secretaries, John C. Lowrie, who Latin America. In all of these Dr. served in the office for the first sixty Speer has had a large and active part. years, and Robert E. Speer, who has just completed forty years in the secre- Interest in Foreign Missions has taryship of the Board. This anniver- greatly increased during this period. sary was observed by a special noonday The spirit of loving and sympathetic prayer meeting conducted by the cler- cooperation at home and on the misical staff in the Board rooms on No- sion field has largely taken the place of vember 2d and by a small reception separatism, criticism and rivalry. Misgiven by the Board on the same after- sionary work has become more diversinoon. fied and specialized and more emphasis is placed on the special training of Dr. Speer has been president of the candidates and on promoting united policy and action through missionary MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD conferences. The world and its prob- for fifteen year·s, and has recently been *This editorial app~ars without the knowledge of Dr. Speer, our president.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

lems have vastly changed in the past What Orientals Think ofAmerica forty years but there are new opportunities .offered and new victories lie T HERE are 3,579 students from the ahead. Now is a time for clearer vi- five principal countries in the Orision, more complete consecration, new ent enrolled in American colleges and courage, more perfect faith, new ad- universities. Adding those who are vances, new struggles, new sacrifices not actually enrolled at this time, the and new triumphs in Christ. total number of the students from the Orient would easily exceed 5,000. Six years more of service as secre- From at least one standpoint, the tary of the Board lie before Dr. Speer presence .of these young men and before his retirement. Since we are women is significant in that upon their on the threshold of a great new era return to their respective countries in which the larger opportunities sum- they will form the class of leadership mon us to new forward movements, in various fields of activity, and they Dr. Mott suggested that when Dr. will be looked upon by their own peo- Speer is released from the responsi- ple as -interpreters of America and of bility of his secretaryship he may well Western civilization. It is important devote himself to helping to promote to know what attitudes these students true religious liberty across the world; are forming toward America and to prom.oting further Christian co- Western culture. operation in thought and action at home and abroad; to awakening and In order to inquire into the problem, enlisting the lay forces in the church; The Korean Student Bulletin sent out to writing the life stories of great a questionnaire to 100 representative Christian leaders and to convincing students from each of the following men of all nations that the claims of countries: China, Japan, Korea, the Jesus Christ are universal, essential Philippine Islands and India. Taken and supreme. We hopefully look for- as a whole, the opinions found in the ward to the coming years in our replies may be regarded as a crossfriend's life with confidence that they section of the Oriental students in will be the richest in service and the America. most fruitful for the Kingdom of God. 1. The first question asked was Look for January "Do you consider America as good a; you thought she was while you were Friends of THE REVIEW will be espe- in your oum country?" To this query, cially interested in the changes that 43 replied negatively, 33 in the affirmare to be made in our January number. ative, and 2 gave no answer. This im- Some of these are quite radical as to plies that more than half think Amerform and contents but we hope they ica to be worse than expected. will make THE REVIEW still more attractive and useful in promoting the The reasons given for unfavorable cause ()f Christ. answers are: No sympathy, no deep faith in Christ, hard to get jobs, race The January articles will present a prejudice, political corruption, moral review of the past year and the out- degeneration, vice, insincerity, disrelook at home and abroad by such writ- spect, materialism, lack of moral and ers as Robert E. Speer, William I. spiritual qualities, lack of law and Chamberlain, Kenneth S. Latourette, order and of opportunity, few Chris- Samuel M. Zwemer, John McDowell, tians, inj ustice, inequality, indiffer- John R. Mott and Arthur J. Brown. ence to religion, and commercialism.' Do not miss the January number. Of these seventeen reasons, race preju- dice stands at the top in frequency, Plans for the coming year make an and lack of spiritual life or materialespecially attractive program which ism comes second. can scarcely fail to prove of great interest and help to everyone interested The favorable replies give the folin the progress of Christianity. lowing reasons: Educational advan-

tages, American idealism, hospitality, Any God-called and Spirit-filled man kindness, friendliness and wealth. or woman may do a wonderful work 2. The second question asked was, in a God-appointed task. It is not "Has your Christian faith been education or talent or physical health strengthened since you came to Amer- or personality, that insures success, it ica?" Thirty-eight replied affirma- is the power of God in the life.

tively, 31 in the negative, 8 stated no Three general types of missions are change had occurred, and 6 gave no conducted by representatives of the answer. The reasons given for favor- Christian Church in foreign lands.

able answers were: Superstition elim- Some of these types change from time inated; learned more of Christianity; to time-a sort of transmutation of Christian culture; contact with good the species.

Christians; atmosphere of American First, there are the general denomi- environment, religious influence, national missions, such as the Church church attendance, feeling of helpless- Missionary Society and the Presbyte- ness, Christian atmosphere at «allege, rian Board, with definite home con- Christian homes, need for r~ligion stituencies, administrative boards at stronger here, learned to take life the home base, and several depart- positively, and personal religion. ments of field work-institutional and The reasons given to account for evangelistic. These societies differ their decreas~ in Christian faith since greatly in the amount and character their arrival are: Lack of real Chris- of their institutional work and in their tian faith, study of social and natural emphasis on evangelism. They gen- sciences, race prejudice, Christian erally build up churches on the field teachings not practiced, narrowmind- with doctrines, government and wor- edness, heavy school work, American ship similar to those in the home land. indifference to Christianity, little con- Second, there are the large non-de- tact with Christians, genuine Chris- nominational or interdenominational tian spirit lacking, church sermons of missions like the Y. M. C. A. and the little value, American churches too Near East colleges, with a le"s de- superficial, unbrotherly attitude of fined home constituency and with more Christians, American environment not administrative responsibilities on the conducive to spiritual growth, hypoc- field. These organizations usually de- risy. materialism, true Christians few. vote thei!' energies to institutional childish controversy over theological work-educational or social. They do dogmas. not form independent churches and, as a rule, do not emphasize evangelism.

Principles of "}'aith Missions" Some of them are endowed and re- ceive large subsidies from national To any student of missions it is governments.

clear that God works and has worked Third, there are the so-called "Faith through the ages, working through Missions." like the China Inland Mismany instruments and agencies and sion, and Donhavur Fellowship. They has accepted the services of many men are independent and evangelistic and and women who have been discredited have no definite denominational con- and rejected by human courts that un- stituency behind them. In many cases dertook to speak for Him. There are their governing boards are on the field, responsibilities that He has placed while cooperating councils promote upon us and there are standards that the work at home. Many of them do He has set for us. These we must study not establish institutional work but and follow if we would be partners limit themselves wholly to preaching, with Him in the great work of win- evangelism, the education of children ning men to Christ. The greatest re- of converts and the training of native sponsibility placed on Mission Boards Christian workers. Some of these is in the selection of missionaries. missions establish no indepell(~ent

churches on the field but advise con- evangelization of the whole world. The verts to join those already founded by China Inland MilSsion has recently denominational missions. adopted a plan to turn over to the Chinese church the work in the older In the midst of the present financial stations and to send their available depression at home and of unrest and missionaries into new territory. opposition in the mission fields, it is interesting to note that some inde- 3. Many of the workers in "Faith pendent evangelistic missions seem Missions," being in the newer fields, generally to have suffered less from have fewer comforts than are enjoyed de.1cits than the other two classes of by missionaries in the larger centers missions. Some are particularly that are in closer contact with civilizastrong-like the China Inland Mis- tion. The workers receive small salsion, Christian and Missionary Alli- aries and many live on a community ance, the Africa Inland Mission, the basis, sharing what funds are avail- Egypt General Mission and others. able but without guarantees. Many of There are lessons that these independ- them endure severe hardships, characent workers can learn from denomi- teristic of pioneering and believe that national missions-lessons especially such sacrifices are inherent in true in cooperation, comity and building missionary life. strongly for the future. Are there not also lessons that larger denominational 4. "Faith Missions" are convinced and interdenominational missions may of the lost condition of all men apart learn from these smaller bodies-at from Christ. They believe that no huleast lessons in emphasis? man merit or good works can save a soul and that since eternal death is the 1. "Faith Missions," as a rule, put wages of sin, all men must accept the almost all their emphasis on evangel- Gospel or be forever lost. ism and they very strictly limit the amount of institutional work that 5. "Faith Missions" insist on absothey undertake. They believe that lute faith in Jesus Christ as the eterthe great commission of Christ was to nal Son of God and the only Saviour be His witnesses, to preach the Gospel of men through His sacrifice on the rather than to establish Christian in- Cross. Their theology is strictly constitutions where educational, social or servative. In most of these missions industrial work absorbs a large part every officer and worker is required of the funds and energies of the mis- to subscribe to the doctrinal basis sions. There is a growing feeling which includes: Belief in the full inamong many Christians, at home and spiration of the Scriptures; the Trinabroad, that denominational missions ity; "the fall of man"; the atonement are becoming over institutionalized so through the death of Christ; justifithat money and strength that should cation by faith in Christ; the resurbe used for direct evangelism j.s used rection of Christ and of all the dead; for educational or social work. This and in eternal life for the saved and latter is a ministry greatly needed but eternal suffering for the lost. of secondary importance. 6. "Faith Missions," largely as a re- 2. "Faith Missions" generally have sult of foregoing, put great emphasis in view the unoccupied fields. They on prayer and the guidance and power are pioneers and as a rule these socie- of the Holy Spirit. Consistent and ties were formed for the purpose of successful "Faith Missions" depend opening new territory-such as inland upon prayer as the great resource in China, Africa or South America. the selection of workers, in the secur- They aim to reach the most inacces- ing of funds, in planning the work, for sible fields and the most neglected the opening of closed doors and the classes in older fields so that they may, overcoming of opposition; for protecas speedily as possible, complete the tion of life and property, for the prep- aration and winning of converts, and

for the selection and equipment of na- Denominational missions, no doubt, tive workers. Some accept "faith healing" and depend on special guid- by the study of "Faith Missions," may ance; many refuse to ask openly for workers or funds to support the mis- be impressed anew with the value of sion. a definite objective and fixed stand- Many of those associated with denominational church missions accept ards; they may put greater empha- many or all of these principles of faith and practice but they are not usually sis on the authority of the Bible as required as inherent in the organization and all its members. the Word of God, on the prime im- 7. "Faith Missions," as a rule, be- portance of evangelism in every de- lieve in the imminent Personal and visible return of Christ to earth as partment of the work; on the need for foretold in the New Testament. They, therefore, believe that the world will more pioneer service in unoccupied not become wholly Christian, that the Kingdom of God will not be universal- fields; on the need of all men to rely recognized through a gradual process. Their hope is not in human or- ceive life through Christ and His ganization but the personal return of Jesus Christ to reign and to subdue atonement; on complete dependence all things to Himself. This belief does not create pessimism Dr cause a tend- on God and His guidance through conency to sit idly and await the Advent; it gives courage in the midst of apos- tinued prayer and the Holy Spirit and tasy and persecution and leads to dependence on God, and unquestion- on the blessed hope for the return of ing obedience to Him and faith that He will establish His Kingdom on Christ to establish His Kingdom. earth in His own appointed time. After all there is only one Church, of "Faith Missions" have not, by any means, a monopoly of these convictions which we are all members; one Head and may learn from "Church Missions" many equally valuable lessons, which whom we all honor, and one Spirit on some of them have apparently .overlooked. Most of the outstanding Chris- whom we must all depend for guidance tian missionaries and most of the work of winning men to Christ have been and for power. – connected with the "Church Missions." Many "Faith Missions" fail to recog- Need in the Dutch East Indies nize sufficiently the value of effective organization, of Christian institutions, A missi'Onary in Malaysia writes to of definite campaigns, lessons in busi- the Editor as f'Ollows: ness efficiency and adequate support of the work. They may learn tolerance "A short article in the May REVIEW, without disloyalty, and that faithful- is by my friend the Rev. J. A. Jaffray. ness does not inv:olve suspicion of others. They may learn the value of "After careful investigati'On the east cooperation and the truth that the coast of Borne'O has been chosen and Spirit 'of God works through many several missionaries .of the Christian different agents and in many different and Missi'Onary Alliance are now workways. ing there among Chinese and Dyaks. The important city of Makassar has been decided UP'On as a celJlter, and work has als'O been started am'Ong the Chinese on the islands Bali Sambah in Saembawa.

"I write t'O support Mr. Jaffray's request f'Or the w'Ork in Balik-papan, Samarinda and Makassar. They repre- sent places of midnight darkness.

"The work among the Chinese in Makassar has now been started through a gr'Oup of missionaries en- couraged by Mr. Jaffray. In Sura- baya (a, city in which are living 265,872 Javanese), Christian mission- aries have been working for years.

"The Chinese in Bali number 7,645, n'Ot 'some hundreds of th'Ousands' (page 701, September REVIEW).

"DR. N. A. C. SLOTgMAKERDE BRUINE."

fmODS fOR WORKf4

EDITED BY MRS. F.!. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK GIFT GIVERS Magdalene: "But I don't have much to spend at Christmas anyway so I (A Christmas Missionary Playlet in guess you need not count on me for Two Scenes) anything."

By J. NEAL GRIFFITH Edna: "I don't have much either but when I think how disappointed Scene One they will be I want to help a little."

Place: A Young Women's Mission- Miss Miller: "Now, girls, you have ary Meeting. given a good reason why we should send the boxes but not the best. Re- Setting: Home Furnishings or a member that the true secret of a hap- Church Classroom. py Christmas is sharing it with others. Magdalene, I'm not ,so sure that the Characters: Miss Miller, the Coun- people 'of foreign lands don't give us cillor; Magdalene, Grace, Edna, Caro- anything. I hope you will think it line and others. over and change your mind."

(As scene opens the meeting is in Scene Two progress. If the time is limited the dialogue may begin at once. If more Time: Christmas Day. time can be used have a missionary Setting: A davenport or large easy hymn, Scripture, prayer or special chair at one side of the platform with numbers precede it.) a telephone near. The other side of the platform should have a table with Miss MiUer: "Well, girls, I think a number of unwrapped packages and you all know what our big work is this boxes. evening. It is one in which I am sure Characters: Magdalene; representyou should all be interested." atives from various countries, if pos- sible, wearing the costumes of their Caroline: "Of course we know and native land, or in plain robes. we're all realy to help." Magdalene: "Well, this has been a busy Christmas Day and I have had Magdalene: "Don't say 'we,' for such a lot of nice gifts. But I feel so I'm sure I can't imagine what it is." sleepy I guess I'll sit down and rest a minute." (Sits down and falls asleep.) Edna: "Why, Magdalene, don't you (Spirit from China enters and know that this is November and it's speaks as she stands by the packages.) nearly the middle of the month?" China: "You said that Caroline gave you this vase today but I wonder Grace: "Yes, and if we don't get our if you know where it really came from. Christmas mission boxes sent soon Months ago we labored in China to they won't reach the mission stations decorate this glass for your room. in time." Perhaps you forgot the long hours we work at a very small wage that you Miss MiUer: "Yes, of course, that's might have these pretty things. We what I meant." make them for you and yet have so little for ourselves." Magdalene: "Well, it may be the time but I can't see why we should put ourselves out to send Christmas gifts to people who never give us anything."

Caroline: "But think how disappointed they will be if nothing comes this year."

Grace: "Yes, and we've always done it."

925

(She retires and Porto Rico ap- estine and Arabia, was the scene of pears.) the Old Testament stories and the Porto Rico: "I think you forgot us blessed Christmas Day you love so when you thanked your brother for much, celebrates the great event that this box of candy. Down in Porto happened in a little town in what is Rico we labor very hard in the sugar now a mission field. What if we had cane fields. The sun sometimes seems kept that story to ourselves and had unbearable but we must not stop be- never told it to you who live in the cause we must raise the sugar for West? We have given you the knowl- YDur delicacies. We are oppressed by edge of the greatest Christmas gift superstition and pleasures are so few of all."

that we feel bad when your gifts do (Representatives of all the countries not come." retire. Magdalene awakes, sits up and (Porto Rico retires and a Negro rubs her eyes.) girl from the South enters.) Magdalene: "Why I must have been Southern Girl: "I'm glad that you sleeping. I must have dreamed for I liked the cloth for your new dresses felt as though my gifts had been talk- for we worked hard in the cotton fields ing. I'm going to call Mi·ss Miller."

this year. We try to be happy but (Takes up telephone and calls num- sometimes we get discouraged for the ber.) "Hello . . . Oh Miss Miller, I've gifts to some of the missions have had the strangest dream just now and been so reduced that the little schools I think I know now what you meant have been discontinued; we cannot last month when you said you weren't afford to hire teachers." so sure that we did not receive our (She retires and an Indian or Es- gifts from people of other lands. You kimo boy from Alaska enters.) know I think that everything I got for Alaskan Boy: "It was your father Christmas this year really came from I know who paid for the fur neckpiece someone who waH not so fortunate as you received far Christmas, but we 1. I'm terribly ashamed that I didn't boys in Alaska were the ones who help with the gift boxes this year. I walked miles through the snow t'O set want you to know that I'm starting the traps where the fur animal was right now to plan for next year …

caught. Now we hear that some mis- You're happy? .. Well, I'm happy too sion hospitals are closed fDr lack of but I think that next Christmas will funds to carry them on. This will be be much happier than this one was …

a bad winter for us." What? .. Oh yes, of course I'll tell the (Japan enters as the Alaskan boy girls all about my dream at the next retires.) meeting. Good-bye."

Japan: "Do y'Ou know, it took a (If the lights can be lowered while the good many aching backs and tired feet various gift givers speak, it will be efand hands to care for the silk worms fective.) and to watch the looms that wove the HELPS FOR MISSION STUDYsilk scarf you have there? Even the BOOK PROGRAMS little children in Japan have to work very hard and we seldom have for our Quoted from God and the Census own any of the nice things we make "We created the Indian problem"

for you." said someone at the Washington Con- (An Arab or a Hebrew child en- gress, "by stealing the Indian's land.

ters.) And we created the Negro problem by Arab: "I see that someone gave you stealing the Negro to work that land."

a fine Bible. Did you ever think where (Page 81.) it came from? I know that it was When we get to the point where we printed in your own country but don't are emphasizing again the things you remember where all these things which divide us; when, for the sake happened? My land, 'Syria and Pal- of denominational position or personal

METHODS FOR WORKERS

glory, we confuse children in the faith There is no particular reason for with differences which, if they really believing that a young man will love mattered, Christ himself would have the Japanese in Tokio if he abhors the clarified explicitly, is the fine flame of Japanese in Los Angeles.

{Jur spiritual zeal not dying down? "We must find God again and walk (Page 144.) His way." (Page 155.) "We wish once more to say what the Most certainly we cannot expect a Home Missions Council has repeated- quickening of spiritual power in either ly said, that we are convinced that the young or old until God has a more time has come to eliminate competi- real place in our lives. And this must tion in home missions. We are un- be not a gener~ process operating equivocally opposed to the use of through organization propaganda, but mission funds for the maintenance of a definite experience in the heart of competitive enterprises." (Page 148.) each one of us. The Washington Con- "For a century the church in Ameri- gress quoted the words of Stanley ca labored under the conviction that Jones, "We cannot go further until we it must expand and press on. If that go deeper," and continued: sense of imperative need has been lost, "The band of men who nineteen we must recreate it in the church." hundred years ago went out to trans- (Page 150.) form the world were moved by the The quality which has been lost out conviction that there is but Qne 'name 'Of our giving is the giving of our- under heaven given among men selves. We have talked about giving whereby we must be saved: That con- what we possess. As a matter of fact, viction had been born in them of a often we have made our cOlLtributions great personal experience. They had to the cause of Christ out of what has known Christ and he had made their been left over from automobile tires, lives pageants of triumph in him.

parties, clothes, cosmetics and chewing Through him they could do all things.

gum. We have forgotten that the Him, therefore, they believed to be cross of Christ can go forward only sufficient for the transformation of upon the sacrifices of his people. God all their fellowmen ….. .

does not want us to do the easy thing; "Wanted, Faith in Something."

he calls on us to do the hard thing. He (Page 158.) does not want the time which we call Our missionary pI'oblems will be spare time; he wants the time which solved when our spiritual problems will really cut into our lives. He does are solved; when you and I live daily not ask us for contributions we can as in the sight of God. Our budgets afford to make; he asks us for con- are bankrupt because there are so tributions which mean a sacrifice when many of us whose spiritual lives are we make them. Just before Walter bankrupt. We count our houses, our Rauschenbusch died, I heard him lec- lands, our cars, our books, our stocks, ture. To facilitate the asking of ques- our bonds. We count everything and tions, inquiries were written upon everybody, but we do not count God.

slips of paper and passed to the plat- (Page 158.) form. The first one read asked, "What When those who count themselves does the church most need today?" His followers. begin to count Him in Like a flash came the answer, "The their own lives, then He will be restoration of the cross." (Page 151.) counted throughout the life of the If you cannot give yourself, the rest world. (Page 159.) does not count. It may be a gift of service in the church or in a mission, QUOTATIONS or it may be a gift of funds, but you , (Various Sources) cannot give really except of yourself. "We can be sure that humanity will Only through such giving can the not let many churches die which serve Kingdom of God go forward. gnat human needs. If it carries out

the program which Jesus made the "Without a large body of independtest of a judgment day, the church in ent and self-respecting farmers, and the wildwood will flourish into that with her city populations demoralized day." (The RuraL BilLion, page 143.) by idleness, vice and luxury, Rome was in a position to fall a prey to the more "As you ride along the highway or vigorous invaders Qf the north."-J. walk across the countryside take M. Gilbert. thought of the man who plows in the field or sells garden truck at the road- GOD, LOW BROODING ON side stand. Consider the food upon your table and discover its price, not THE DEEP in cents but in toil and hardship." (The Rural Billion, page 148.) Prize Song, Music by Laura Baker Long; Words by Harry Webb Farrington "Give a thought to the injustice done to boys and girls who crawl on This music, composed by Mrs. Laura hands and knees in the beet fields Baker Long, of Philadelphia, won the across damp loam and pull weeds with award offered for the most appropriate hands that should fondle a toy." (The tune written by any member of the RuraL Billion, page 148.) methods classes in three Qf the largest summer institutes in the United "Humanize this problem in arith- States. We congratulate the Philadelmetic, if it costs the farmer ninety- phia Interdenominational Institute. four cents to produce a bushel of r a. ……

l1D~- eo… 1')t…… ,…,'( soul 0.- ,let-p, A." ~ive 'rile …. -. ~ wheat which sells for sixty-five cents, GOD, LOW BROODING ON THE DEEP how long will a calic'o dress last the farmer's wife?" (The Rural Billion, God, low brooding on the deep page 148.) Until awakes the earth, The Motto of Benedictine Monks in Hover near my soul asleep the middle ages, "By the power of the And give me holy hirth. Cross and the plow." Cruce et aratro. Spirit, touching bush aflame Happy the man who from ambition freed In lonely desert place, A little field and little garden feed; Grant me courage in Thy name The hardened thrones to face. The field does frugal nature's wants Lightning, from Mount Sinai, stern, supply, Soft-tempered in the shrine, The garden furnishes for luxury, Make the altar coals to burn And daily kindle mine. What farther specious clogs of life re- Dove in air at Jordan's stream, main, Angel in wilderness, He leaves for fools to seek, and knaves Watch beside my cross's beam to gain. -Abraham Cowley. And guide mid hostile press.

"Farming is not only the most an- Mission's Torch, disciple's Tongue, cient, but the best of all profes·sions, In brothers' one accord, for divine nature made the country, but man',s skill the town.-Varro (3d Herald peace, good-will among book on Agriculture.) The nations of our Lord.

FOR OHAPTER IN "CHRIST COMES MY PRAYER TO THE VILLAGES": HE HEALS THE SICK By ELSIE JANIS HYMN God, let me live each lovely day, So I may know that, come what may, (Any long Meter Tune) I've done my best to live the way At even ere the sun was set, You want me to. The sick, 0 Lord, around Thee lay; Forgive me if I do not pray 0, in what divers pains they met! The ultra-sanctimonious way 0, with what joy they went away! In church on every Sabbath day, Once more 'tis eventide, and we As some folks do. Oppressed with various ills, draw near; Just let me know if I should stray, What if Thy form we cannot see? That I may stop along the way We know and feel that Thou art here. At any time of night or day o Saviour Christ, our woes dispel; And talk to you.

For some are sick, and some are sad, A MESSAGE OF FRIENDSHIP AND ApPRE- And some have never loved Thee well; CIATION TO THOSE WHO HAVE MADE USE OF THE METHODS DEPARTMENT And some have lost the love they had; DURING THE PAST THREE YEARS And some are pressed with worldly care; It is with real regret that I have And some are tired with sinful doubt; found it necea-sary to resign from the editorship of this department because And some such grievous passions tear, of the demands of another line of work That only Thou canst cast them out; to which it would seem God has called me. And none, 0 Lord, have perfect rest, And none are wholly free from sin; I wish to thank the hundreds of my readers in England, Wales, Scotland, And they who fain would serve Thee best Australia, Mexico, Korea, Persia, Can- Are conscious most of wrong within. ada, and the United States, who have through these years heartened me o Saviour Christ, Thou too art Man; with their kind letters. My only re- gret is, that I did not serve you better. Thou hast been troubled, tempted, tried; Thy kind but searching glance can scan May the year 1932 be for you a year of great spiritual growth by reason of The very wounds that shame would the indwelling of the Holy Spirit as hide; Guide, Teacher, and Interpreter.

Thy touch has still its ancient power; MRS. F. I. JOHNSON. No word from Thee can fruitless fall; Hear, in this solemn evening hour, And in Thy mercy heal us all.

-Lutheran Common Service Book.

ON THE INDIAN ROAD BY PEARL D. LONGLEY, Markapur, India I love to meet the common folk Who travel the Indian road, Whose feet are dusty, Whose backs are bent Beneath their daily load.

The women who come in the early morn To glean in the harvest fields, Whose hands are gnarled By humble tasks, Such tasks as poverty yields.

The men who work in the fields all day, Whose stride is firm and strong, Who stop for a chat Or a friendly word Nor wish to hurry along. 4

The man with a little tired child Swung on his IIhoulder high, With her chubby hands In his matted hair Who smile as they pass me by.

There are children trooping along to school, There are others who cannot go Whose bodies are thin And bent with toil Whose feet are tired and slow.

At evening, when the sun is low, Bearing their loads of grass, Come friendly women, Who peer at me And talk to me, as I pass.

There are travelers there of every kind Of high estate, and low, Some are gay And some are sad In the highway's ebb and flow.

I sometimes meet a scornful one Whose heart is full of pride, Who passes by With garments drawn, As I step to the other side.

But most of the folk that I meet on the road, Will answer smile for smile With such as these The Master loved To talk and walk the while.

He loved to talk and walk with them, For their hearts were simple and kind, He shared their sorrows And healed their ills, He opened the eyes that were blind.

And so He will meet the simple folk As He travels the Indian road, He will wipe the dust From their weary feet .And lighten their heavy load.

He will enter their homes as in Galilee, Their humble food He will share, And His glory and love Shall shine in those Who truly meet Him there. -Froin The Baptist Missionary Review.

BEST METHODS FOR NEXT YEAR It is with sincere appreciation for her helpful cooperation in supplying "Meth- ods for Workers" for the past three years that we bid God-speed to Mrs. F. 1. John- son as she turns from this department to take up other important responsibilities.

At the same time we welcome most heartily Mrs. Estella S. Aitcheson, of Granville, Ohio, who will supply the "Tested Methods of Work" for the coming year. Mrs.

Aitcheson has had long experience in the promotion of missionary interest in the Church at home. She has been a regular contributor to "Missions" and has a wide acquaintance in many church and missionary circles. We bespeak for Mrs. Aitche- son the hearty cooperation of all. Suggestion, questions and descriptions of methods found useful by pastors and others in promoting miSSionary interest in churches, Sunday-Schools, missionary societies, young peoples' work and in the home, may be sent to Mrs. E. S. Aitcheson, Granville, Ohio. EDITOR.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY HELEN M. BRICKMAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Council of Women for Home Missions FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America THE AIR AND PRAYER in the morning and also took pains to BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON inform everybody that she was a Cath- olic. If radio's slim fingers can pluck a melody from night The day came when she found her- self face to face with the need of de- And toss it o'er a continent or sea; cision. It was not in vain that she If the soft petaled notes of a violin Are blown o'er a mountain or a city's If sodnign~' like fragrant roses are cuIled from thin blue air, Then how can mortals wonder If God hears prayer?

In every llart of the world where the airplane dips its wings and ties up the world to them, you will find on the twelfth of February next earnest groups of women and girls gathered together for the purpose of uniting their hearts in using the very real medium of the air through which to speak to the Great Heavenly Father of us all in behalf of the whole world, especially of its childhood.

Perhaps no two countries are more vitally in the thought of the world today than are Mexico and India. It is from theSe two nations that the World Day of Prayer Committee has chosen the two women to prepare the "Call to Prayer" and the program for the 1932 observance – Sra. Elisa Strozze de Pascoe and Mrs. H. A. Yusufji, before her marriage, Helen Tupper.

Though born in the state of New MRS. H, A. YUSUFJI Mexico, of Swiss and Spanish llarent- age, Mrs. Pascoe's family moved to had throughout her primary and high Mexico when she wa,s five years old. school years listened every morning in She has always considered Mexico as the chapel to the hymns, the Scripture her home and is a Mexican citizen. reading and the short talks of the Her parents were Catholics but they teachers. She began to long for a Bi- sent their children to Protestant ble of her own but feared to ask her schools and from her earliest youth parents for it. She began to pray for she attended Laurens Institute, a mis- one as she heard in chapel the reading sion ,school in Monterey. Her Ameri- of Matthew 21: 22. On her sixteenth can schoolmates invited her to attend birthday she was rejoiced to receive the English Sunday-school. However, the gift of a Bible from four of her she often attended mass at four o'clock teachers. Immediately she turned to 931

the New Testament and underlined the praying for her. The pastor talked t'O verse which had been such an inspira- her 'Of the need 'Of a definite acceptance tion tG her. She spent much time with 'Of Christ as her pers'Onal Savi'Our. She her Bible (which she still keeps), but had read many bGQks on salvation at the same time she had many Cath- thrQugh faith so that bef'Ore the serv- Glic friends who were trying to per- ice was 'Over GGd deeply convicted her suade her not to attend a PrGtestant 'Of sin, and suddenly the light of the church. The climax came two years kn'Owledge of Christ as her persQnal later. It was Holy Week, and 'One who SaviGur filled her life with JQY. "Old has spent Holy Week in a CathQlic things passed away, all things became cQuntry cannQt fail to be impressed new."

BRA. ELISA STROZZE DE PASCOE Two years later she entered the Training SchoGI in Nashville, Tenneswith the varied ceremGnies and the see, where she completed the prenumberless pilgrimages tQ the many scribed course of study in the Biblical shrines. GGod Friday f'Ound her in Department. At the same time rothe Cathedral with tWG fanatical mance made its appearance. A young friends. They listened t'O the priest preacher from Mexico, whom she had as he spGke on the Seven Last Words. never seen in her cGuntry, came to The sermGn made a deep impressi'On Nashville to enter Vanderbilt Uni- 'On her young soul, and at the end of versity. As they were the 'Only Mexthe service all present were invited tG ican students they s'Oon met and consecrate their lives to God by sign- naturally had to practice their beauing their names in an immense book tiful Spanish language. kept in the adj'Oining chapel. After graduating she worked f'Or At the same time revival services tW'O years in HGlding Institute. By were being held in the Methodist that time Mr. Pascoe finished his the- Church and all 'Of her friends were alagical caurse and they were married in 1916, returning at 'Once to Mexico City as a pastGr. In September, 1930, when the two Methadisms were united, Mr. PascQe became the first bishGp.

Last year Mrs. Pascae was elected President .of the UniGn Nacianal de Saciedades Femeniles Cristianas (an interdenGminati'Onal uniGn 'Of seven de- naminatians: Presbyterian, Disciples, Friends, Pilgrims, Nazarene, CGngre- gati'Onal, and Methodist). The special work 'Of the Union is the publication 'Of a paper, Antorcha MisiGnera which circulates in Cuba, Puerto Ric'O, Co- lGmbia, Argentina, among Spanish- speaking peGple in the United States and in Mexico.

Is it n'Ow strange to you that Mrs. Pascoe, one mighty in prayer and works, should have been asked t'O pre- pare the world "Call to Prayer"? May the air be filled with prayer 'On Febru- ary 12, 1932.

If y'OU had been in Whittier Hall of C'Olumbia University during 1929 and 1930, Y'OU W'Ould have seen passing in and Gut in quest 'Of her M. A. a beauti-

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN •

ful young Indian woman from Luck- slightly, to provide accompaniment for now. It is she, now Mrs. Yusufji, to several young women who enter in whom we are indebted for the program costume, representing participants in for February 12. the prayer service from mission fields abroad and at home. These take places For some time Mrs. Yusufji was a quietly in seats near the platform and member of the faculty of Isabella Tho- become part of the worshiping group. burn College. Her marriage to Doctor After the verse by Alfred Tennyson Yusufji, a graduate of Princeton, (page 4), these visitors may enact a takes her to Jubbulpore where they scene purporting to be a recital of will work in the Theological Seminary. their experiences in observing last Her specific field is to be the wives and year's World Day of Prayer in their children of the preachers, the end in several home centers. Where costumes view being the preparation of conse- are not available or desired women imcrated Christians who will devote their personating missionaries may speak lives to the service of their country. briefiy.* Mrs. YUl§nfji writes: "I hope that The presiding officer introduce-s the this program will help prayer to mean narration by saying: to many other young women what it means to me. I have not had an easy "How often we sing that ancient life; it has been the prayer of faith hymn with its prophecy that that has strengthened me at every turn." Jesus shall reign where'er the sun Does His successive journeys run! These two women, one from agetorn Mexico, the other from storm- To Him shall endless prayer be made tossed India, see but one hope for the And endless praises crown His head. world-it is in Him who taught us to say, "Our Father." but have we realized h.ow literally it is being fulfilled, and how by our united ADAPTATIONS OF THE WORLD efforts .on this sacred day we are ac- tually encil'cling the earth with our DAY OF PRAYER PROGRA,M prayers?

iE'OR YOUNG PEOPLE'S GROUPS As o'er each continent and island The dawn leads on another day, BY BERNICE HALL LEGG The voice of prayer is never ended, Lowered lights at the beginning, Nor die the strains of praise away! quiet music, preferably the playing of hymns which direct the thought to "A world at prayer! What an upprayer, and above all, an attitude of lifting thought! We are not just 'two reverent expectancy on the part of or three,' we are a multitude. And not those who have the meeting in charge, for one brief hour do our voices ascend inevitably communicating itself to the to the Father, but from sunrise in gathering group, will create the at- New Zealand to sunset in Honolulu, mosphere of worship. for forty hours, the prayers of devoted women arise to the throne. The program, "H{)ld Fast in Prayer" is so widely appealing in its "Shall we listen while some of our spirit and content, that young women's friends teIl us of their part in this groups everywhere may use it with offering of praise and thanksgiving?" profit. The interpolation of some dramatic features, while desirable, should Japan: The sun had scarcely turned not be over-emphasized, or so pro- to gold our snow-capped Fujiyama, when longed as to break the unity of the throughout all the villages and cities of original plan. my country we gathered for prayer and the singing of hymns. Our missionary During the Lord's Prayer (page 3) teachers told us that it would be so have the hymn, "Jesus Shall Reign," everywhere that day, and we felt that played very softly. At the close of the prayer, increase volume of music * 'l'he materinl for th('se sketches was gath- ered by Miss B'}orence G. 'l'yler.

we were touching hands with other be- ing. South America, the Indies, Mexico lievers across all seas and lands. and Canada had their part. In Alaska a group of native women met, prayed and Korea: In Korea, a whole day seemed contributed twenty-nve dollars for the not too long to spend in prayer. I am specified world-wide projects; and so, on but one of many Bible women who gath- and on, to Honolulu, verily a volume of ered together from all over our District. prayer encircling the earth. Girls from the Bible Institute came, and even younger ones from the night school, American speaker concludes with all uniting eagerly in song and in prayer bowed head: for the Lord's work. We thank Thee that Thy Church un- China: The Day of Prayer means sleeping, much to us in China. We, too, made it a day of joyful fellowship and worship. While earth rolls onward into light, Many came at an early hour, bringing Through all the world her watch is their babies, and in some of the villages it has become the custom for our men to keeping, prepare the meals at the church so that And rests not now, by day or night. it may be a day of family prayer for all. Solo: "Spirit of God Descend Upon My India: Under the banyan trees, in the Heart" (page 5). Use first two and last tamarind groves, in chapels and in the verses. great churches, the women of India assemble reverently and eagerly for the Following this solo, the leader may observance of this holy day. Many wear announce a period of ,silent prayer, their wedding garments in token of the followed by prayers, voluntary or preimportance of the event – this one day viously assigned, covering special of the year when they are one with the needs listed upon page 8. Conclude Christian women of the world as they with the united prayer (page 7) which pray for the spread of His Kingdom. precedes the offering, and follow the regular program to the close. (The solo, "In the Secret of His The success of the offering will be Presence," page 4, may be sung here.) greatly enhanced if individual socie- ties will procure the very attractive Africa: (This part should be taken by leaflets which have been prepared by one representing a missionary.) My be- the Council of Women for Home Misloved black Africa is not outside your sions and the Federation of Woman's charmed circle. At the beat of the drum Boards 'Of Foreign Missions. Use the women leave their work in the fields these leaflets in the meeting preceding and huts and hasten to the appointed the World Day of Prayer, February place, sometimes as many as fifty in one 12, 1932, and appoint four yaung wamgroup. From miles around they come, en to present the projects dramaticaland when they go home, they separate, ly or as best suits the local organizavisiting other homes, praying and tes- tion. tifying as they go, till the whole district feels the influence of the meeting. TOGETHER Europe: (Another person in European Thou hast on earth a Trinitydress speaks.) We of the American Thyself, my fellow-man, and me: Church in Rome held our own prayer When one with him, then one with thee; service and. felt deeply grateful for the Nor, save together, thine are we. spiritual fellowship which is the heritage of the Christian everywhere. The Prot- -John Banister Tabb, estant women of Paris observed the day Quoted in "Christ in the also, and we know that other groups met in parts of Holland, Denmark, Ger- Poetry of Today." many and Wales. DISARMAMENT America: (One person may give briefly items from several centers.) BY CARRIE CHAPMAN CATT From our largest cities and the remotest borders of our land come messages from It is said that every controversy has those who have united in prayer for our two sides. Naturally, there can be great cause. Radio carried the program only one right side, and after much over eighteen stations, the printed page lengthy talk concerning every new profound its way not only to crowds as- posal, the world come·s to agreement sembled in houses of worship, but to the as to which the right side is. At preshomes of shut-ins who could thus participate with the world group. In our southern mountains families walked miles over unspeakable roads to attend a meet-

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

ent the controversy concerning the 3. If a nation enters a war upon the question of disarmament is in prog- pretense of self-defense, an invest!ga.tio.D ress. Shall the world disarm or not into its motives will follow, and If It IS disarm? proved that self-defense was not the real motive, it will DOt only receive the pen- It happens that there are Americans alty of an aggressor nation, but an adwho propagate for a big navy. "The ditional loss of confidence which always biggest navy in the world would be attends a perjury will be its fate. mOISt appropriate for us," they say. "The swiftest of all airplanes and sub- Consider for a moment the result of marines' the poisonous gasses we the Great War: should have. The most destructive guns, together with all the latest ~e­ COST IN MEN 10,878,000 velopment of each type of war eqUlp- 20,000,000 ment should be ourH." The reason Dead ……………….. . urged is that a surprise attack may Wounded ……………. . 9,000,000 be made upon us at any time in which War Orphans ………… . 5,000,000 case we will need for self-defense a War Widows ………… . 10,000,000 complete war preparation. That may Refugees …….•••……. sound logical to those who have no further information. Debts weighing each nation down to the verge of bankruptcy produce a The truth is, however, that since problem never before known. "It will the Great War a peace machinery for require," says Philip Snowden, Chanthe self-defense of all nations has been ceUor of the British Exchequer, "sevcarefully erected. There is a League enty-six million days of labor each day of Nations with most of the chief na- by British workmen for the next sixty tions of the world in its membership. years to produce the means to pay Each nation member has obligated it- America alone." Said John Maynard self not to go to war and to settle any Keynes, "We shall be paying the Unitdisputes arising between any other ed States each year for sixty years a nation and itself by peaceful means. sum equivalent to two-thirds the cost There is a World Court to which na- of our navy, nearly equal to the total tions may submit many questions to expenditure on educaUon, more than the wisest and most distinguished the total burden of our pre-war debt, judges in the world. Dozens of trea- more than the total profit of our merties have bound groups of nations to cantile marine and the whole of our submit any controversy to arbitration. mines together." Lastly, the Briand-Kellogg Pact has obligated most of the nations of the The United States, being more forworld to renounce war and to settle tunately placed than most nations, all their international disputes by loaned to European nations at differpeaceful processes. With a determina- ent times and in different forms to tion by all the nations not to join in meet expenses of the war $10,338,000,- wars, what need is there £or great war 000. preparation? The war was followed by a universal From this situation three curious depression in busines·s, an enormous facts confront us. unemployment, the prevalence of dis- eases spread by means of the war, un- 1. No nation can now go to war, ll;n- speakable crime, unrest, and many less attacked, without dishonorably VIO- other forms of human misery. lating one or more solemn agreements never to go to war. Which side are you on? The reduc- tion and limitation of war equipment 2. If a chief nation should violate one and the establishment of peace, or the or more of these sacred pledges, it will continuation of war with all its horforfeit its honorable status among the rors? Is war civilized? Can the nations and be called by the opprobrious world -afford it? Could n~t civilized term of aggressor. The penalty may be people abolish it? Could not sensi~le heavy. nations spend the money they recelve from the taxes of the people in ways

to produce more comfort, happiness, A CALL and progr.ess? The call to the Seventh National If you wish to bring the world over Conference on the Cause and Cure of War has been issued by Mrs. Carto the right side of this controversy, rie Chapman Catt. Delegates from help us to carry to Geneva the largest eleven women's national organizations and most impressive demonstration of will meet in Washington, D. C., Januthe sentiment of this country. ary 18-21, 1932, to consider those prob- lems "which handicap the progress of The Federation of Woman's Boards the coming substitution of peace for of Foreign Missiuns of North Ameri- war." ca, and the Council of Women for Home Missions are members of the Such distinguished authorities as National Committee on the Cause and James G. McDonald, Dr. James Shot- Cure of War. That Committee, well, Dr. D. F. Fleming, Will Irwin, through its federated organizations, and Mrs. Catt are on the program. is circulating a petition to the Inter- Round tables, luncheon discussions, national Disarmament Conference, and questions and answers, and convention we beg you to secure blanks of this discussions offer variety to the sespetition from the above offices. Cir- sions. Rachel Conrad Nason who was culate them among your own and any chosen last year by the National Comother organizations, groups of Ameri- mittee on the Cause and Cure of War can citizens, schools, churches, clubs, to conduct a thorough investigation of societies, and send them in to be added the Polish corridor has been at work to the great petition when it goes to upon her task for several months and Geneva on January 1, 1932. will report her finding·s to the Con- ference. Our petiUon says: "Clearly, the next step is the bold reduction of every The Federation of Woman's Boards variety of armament. To do less than of Foreign Missions and Council of this would violate treaty obligations, Women for Home Missions consider it awaken suspicion and incite fresh war most important that church women be adequately represented at this Contalk." ference. Either organization will be glad to supply detailed inf.ormation. Already the women of England have secured over 1,000,000 signatures to WAR their petition, and in Holland, where the petition has been circulated by the Waste of muscle, waste of brain, United Press, the signatures to their Waste of patience, waste of pain, petition have reached over 2,500,000. Waste of manhood, waste of health, We must be up and doing if this great Waste of beauty, waste of wealth, United States of America is to keep Waste of blood, waste of tears, pace with the rest of the world. Waste of youth's most precious years, Waste of ways the Saints have trod, Sixty nations of the world are to- Waste of glory, waste of God. gether ·spending annually over $4,000,- 000,000 in preparation for "the next War! war," which should never come. Why -G. Studdert-Kennedy. not save the money f,or better use and avoid the inevitable catastrophes THE GOAL which are the price of war? Brave military men have been immortalized There can be no final goal for huas the world's greatest heroes. A new man institutions; the best are those type of hero must now come forward that most encourage progress toward -the hero who will lead the way to others still better. Without effort and demilitarize society. In this day and change, human life cannot remain generation it will be done. Join hands good. It is not a finished Utopia that with those who want a civilized world we ought to desire, but a world where of peace. imagination and hope are alive and active.-Russell.

AMERICA tribe of 208,000 Othomi Indians

Mexico in the League of Nations adjoins the great Mexicano tribe. This year an opening has thus been WHEN Mexico entered the League made to reach between 750,000 and of Nations, it was, says the New 1,000,000 Indians, a far larger num- York Times, with a reservation in re- ber than in any previous year. They are rwt evangelized, and have not an gard to the Monroe Doctrine. Porfirio adequate number of workers, since there are but three workers to one tribe Diaz who had reason to remember the of 227,000 Indians, and in the other tribe one worker, with four in traingood' offices of the United States in the ing, for a half milHon. For the first time in Mexica'ru history, definite and matter of the French occupation, was aggressive work has been undertaken for these larger tribes. friendly to the Doctrine, though he b"ethSeuDbs0tI7– subsequently proposed tha t trine of America" should tuted, each republic proclaiming that an attack by a foreign power upon the independence or territory of one would be considered an attack upon Strategy in Belize the rest. The reservation of the Monroe Doctrine drew from Carranza a T HE capital of British Honduras declaration to the governments repre- recently emerged from the obsented in Paris that "Mexico had not scurity in which Lindbergh left it to recognized and would not recognize stretch itself across our newspaper this doctrine, because, without the con- headlines. Normally, Belize is Qne of sent of all the people of America, it the quietest places mentioned in the would establish a situation regarding geography, being the port of entry for which they had not been consulted; the least developed section of the therefore, this doctrine attacks the North American continent. sovereignty and independence of Mexico and would set up and establish a Before the hurricane in British tutelage over all the nations of Amer- Honduras, the chief landmark of the ica." The Monroe Doctrine, according town of Belize was a Catholic missionto Mr. Elihu Root, is ba,sed upon "the ary institution, St. John's CQlIege. right of self-protection recognized by Although the peoples of the Central international law." American countries are largely Cath- olic, the governments are frequently anti-clerical. Catholic schools are sub- Work for Mexican Indians ject to political supervision, and t~eir properties are exposed to confiscatlOn. UNDER the Presbyterian ~hurch in Therefore the RQman Church has Mexico, three wel1-tramed men placed its one large school in all Cen- have taken up work among the 227,000 tral America under the protection of Maya Indians. A house, ponies and the British flag at Belize. Students saddles are a part of the equipment. are recruited from the surrounding A mission has also been opened for republics. The school is in charge of 517,000 Mexicano Indians, the second a group of Jesuits who have their largest Indian tribe in the three Amer- headquarters in St. Louis. After the icas. younger members of the Society of The Latin American Prayer Fellow- Jesus have completed their college ship is making contacts with the large training they are sent out to Belize 937

to teach for a term of years, and then bers, not counting the 350,000 membrought back to the United States to bers of the German Lutheran Church study theology. The recent storm ap- in the southern ·states. parently caused the destruction of the college buildings, which were on the The lJr~sent population of Brazil is water front, and the death of many over forty miIliO'll. This means that of the students and faculty as school thirty-nine million are non-Evanwas in session. – The. Congregation- gelical; thousands of cities and towns alist. are untouched by the Gospel; the vast interior, with over 1,000,000 Indians, Trained Leaders for Porto Rico is practically untouched. No wonder the Brazilian Christians call for more MISS ETHEL ROBINSON, head of evangelical preachers and teachers. St. Catherine's Training School for Church Workers in Santurce, EUROPE Porto Rico, emphasizes the necessity of proper training for missionaries. British Bureau for Information "A college course is not enough," she said, "but should be supplemented by THE Standing Committee of the special training. The object of Amer- British Foreign Missions Conferican missionaries going overseas is to ence has been able tu arrange with give the best there is in them for the the Senatus of the Selly Oak group of training and development of native colleges to undertake to conduct a burleaders who will train their own peo- eau of informaHon for outgoing misple to carryon the work. Brazil, sionaries and missionaries on fur- Haiti, Mexico and Porto Rico train lough. It is hoped that the new bureau their own clergy. Porto Rico has in will be able to render great service in St. Catherine's School a means of dealing with the inquiries which come training its women leaders, numbers from missionaries from time to time, of whom have already done splendid regarding facilities for extra courses work. Latin-America·n countries are ,of study. It will keep in touch with more and more demanding self-gov- college and other centres where inernment in all their activities which struction can be obtained, and it is increases the urgency for developing proposed to compile and keep up to native leaders for the church's work." date suitable bibliographies. The bu- reau will also maintain contact with The Call of Brazil the missionary training institutions in Great Britain and on the Continent, BRAZIL needs more missionaries, as well as such organizations as the especially in the Amazon valley Student Christian Movement. The and the table-lands of central Brazil. secretary of the new bureau is Mr. The vast hinterland, now sIirinking in J. C. Kydd, Rendel Harris Library, size because of the new motur roads, Griffin's Hill, Selly Oak, Birmingham. demands an active missionary campaign," says the Rev. Erasmo Braga, Disarm.ament Declaration D.D., an outstanding Brazilian educational and religious leader. MORE than 1,250,000 British peo- ple have signed the International There are now twenty-three Protes- Declaration in support of world distant Missionary Societies with about armament. This declaration is being five hundred missionaries (including signed in forty other countries, and all wives) at work in some eighty resi- the signatures will ultimately be predence stations in Brazil. The native sented to the world Disarmament Con- Christian staff numbers 713, of whom ference in Geneva next February. 250 are ordained men. The Evan- House-to-house canvassing is being gelicals have 750 organized churches successfully undertaken and stalls with with over 122,000 communicant mem- forms for signi'ng have been set up in the market squares of many towns.

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Spain Disestablishes the Church oration was started five years ago by T HE extension of the franchise to the Y. M. C. A. at Athens and grew women in Spain has been followed by the rejection of Roman Catholicism so popular that after two years the as a state religion, by a vote of 267 to 41 in the National Assembly. Spain Greek church took it over. has for centuries been the most solidly Catholic of the large European na- Distress in RUlsia tions, and the king of Spain has borne the title of "The Most Catholic King." HENRY WALES, of the Chicago· The combined resources of State and . Tribune, recently traveled 12,000 Church have made it almost impossible for any dissenting body to carry on miles across Russia, north to south and religious propaganda. Protestant worship could be c(jnducted only in build- east to west. He spent forty nights ings which had no architectural resemblance to churches and which had in railway trains, traveling alone so no entrances from main streets. If it Protestant school was opened, it was that he might not be "personally consoon surrounded with Catholic schools. Protestant ministers could not per- ducted" like a "spoonfed tourist." He form marriage ceremonies. visited the Kulak concentration camp It was easier to prevent the people from becoming Protestants than to at Archangel, of whicf: he says: compel them to remain Roman Catholics. The proportion of the National The dreadful Kulak concentration Assembly that voted to displace Roman camp is carefully concealed in Kuzni Catholicism as the State church is a Chika Church, although the authorities little more than six to one. Catholi- had assured me that the nearest exiles cism is no longer the religion of the were at Mezen, twelve days' sledge travel people so that there is no reason why away. it should continue to be the religion of the State. The Catholic Church At Rostov, Kharkov, Stalingrad and will no longer enjoy a monopoly or other places I inspected huge new facexercise a dominant infl.uence upon the tories, units in the vaunted Five-Year political and cultural life of the coun- Plan, and witnessed the lamentable intry, but there is also danger that a ability of the Russians to obtain -producmajority of the Spanish people will tion. become less and less religious unless the evangelical church wins them to Through the southern districts I saw vital religion. the horde of tramps, bums and child waifs, homeless men and boys, thousands Greece ComDlemorates Paul's Address of them only 11 and 12 years old, and a few girls, on their annual migration from T HE twenty-ninth of June is now the warmth of the south to the north. observed in Athens by a six o'clock Barefooted, ragged, hlack and filthy, with evening meeting commemorating the long, matted hair and beards, covered preaching by the Apostle Paul in the with vermin, polluting the atmosphere Areopagus. The Archbishop of Athens with the stench of their unwashed bodies, and of all Greece presides over this drawn, haggard, gaunt and famishing, ~athering of five thousand worshipers. they walked the streets, fightlng with the There is choral music and the reading dogs and the crows for a morsel of carby another bishop of Paul's Athenian rion, or sitting day and night in the railsermon and of the thirteenth chapter way stations, furtively waiting for an of First Corinthians. This commem- opportunity to rifle the pockets of a drunken peasant or stowaway in a train when the lynx-eyed G. P. U. cop was not looking.

In the Ukraine and the North Cau- casus I visited collective farms and saw conditions so terrihle that even local Communist leaders are exhorting Moscow to ease the pressure sufficiently on ex- porting grain to give the miserahle peaS- ants wheat and oats and hay for them- selves and their livestock.

I visited in the peasants' mud huts without windows, and noted their listless- ness, brought on partly through lack of adequate food, partly hy their fatalistic avatism, their fear that they, too, may he shifted off elsewhere as "colonists" any night.

Thousands and thousands of these peasants in their hunger and misery and

weakness have res'Orted t'O "passive re- St. Augustine's followers were supersistance." They do not cult~vat'}. their ficially Islamized, but are now being lands, they plead illness and mablhty to educated and developed by France. work in the fields when the 'Overseer sum- The Southern Morocco Mission is mons them. reaching the Berbers of the Atlas mountains in the Sous, Agadir and In Siberia I saw trainloads 'Of exiles Tarudant; the Bible Churchmen's being dropped off with 9;1l their bel'Ong- Missionary Society plans advance ings, men, women a~~ children, comm'On- from Marakesh to reach the Berbers law pris'Oners, l?'OhtlCal offenders al!-d of the Tadla district in the Middle Kulaks, t'O colomze vast new areas m Atlas; and the Algiers Mission Band this barren region. is evangelizing by motor car the Saharan Oases and Arab markets. Swiss Missions The North Africa Mission reports blessing at all stations. The wide cir- SWISS (French speaking) Protes- culation of Scriptures across North tants since the War have combined Africa gives rise to hope, especially into the Mission Suisse, formerly the in Morocco. old Mission Suisse Romande. Their work is in South Africa and for a The results of the Christian work number of years there has been a in these areas is provoking violent atstaggering deficit. Friends made tacks by Moslems. heroic efforts from year to year to pay this, but without success. This year New Venture in Cairo at the annual meeting there was much rejoicing and thanksgiving due to the I N CAIRO, a club for girls has refact that at last a year had been cently been opened by missi'Onaries closed without deficit but it has again of the Church Missionary S'Ociety in become necessary to borrow money to co'Operation with tw'O other religious carry on! organizations. This new experiment am'Ong girls between six and fourteen The Danish Missions is 'Open every afternoon. Its cur- riculum includes reading, writing, T HIS society carries on work in arithmetic, handwork, sewing and India and China. Recently a fine games. The teaching is given by two hospital for women was opened in Egyptian Christian women who are Mukden, having on its staff a number also helped by English and Egyptian of Chinese women physicians. The voluntary workers, and the numbers India work has been encouraging, the attending already are a source of enlatest development being the accept- couragement to the 'Organizers. ance of the J eypore Mission. This work was a part of the work of the Communion in West Africa Breklum Mission that had been cared for during the War by the United STEADY streams of men and wom- Lutheran Church. The Breklum So- en, boys and girls, walk along the ciety found itself unable to assume paths that lead to the Mission Hill at the burden of the whole field and a Efulan (West Africa). They have group of friends of two missionaries been travelling for several days; the of Danish nationality formed the East women and girls carrying babies Jeypore Mission. This group made astride 'one hip, or seated in a sort of 'overtures to the Danish Mission So- sling made from skins. In the houses ciety, which unanimously decided to on the hill-workman's town, teachers' assume the responsibility. town, everywhere-there is an unusual stir. Guests are being entertained AFRICA over the week-end.

Evangelizing Isla:m Many have come a distance of twenty miles, for those who have suc- WILL Christianity regain lost cessfully answered the questi'Ons put ground among the Berbers of North Africa? The descendants of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

to them by the church session, who ~ want ~o present the urgent need of have regularly contributed to the thIS SwedIsh Evangelical Mission for church, and who have led lives as real prayers. The Colonial Government of pe.sons of God, will be admitted to Eritrea, in agreement with the Central full church membership and sit down Government in Rome, for some years at the communion table in remem- has placed grave obstacles in the way brance of the Lord Jesus. On Sunday of the return of Swedish missionaries to morning over 2,000 people gather in Eritrea, because we are foreign and the House of God to hear His word. Prote~tant. They have greatly restricted So the Efulan church is growing. It our lIberty to work and it now seems has recently taken over a "foreign that they desire to forbid our entrance mission field" far to the north, and into the Colony. They have denied perseveral young men have gone there to mission to disembark at Massaua two p each the Gospel of Christ.-Mary E. new men missionaries and three ladies Hunter. who had licenses. One of these ladies was the headmistress of the school for Helping Egypt's Farmers Moslem girls at Gheleb, and without her it will be necessary to close the school. AN INTERESTING phase of Assiut ~efor~ 1914 we had about thirty mis- College work is the agricultural sIOnarIes; now the Government action department, still in its infancy. Mr. has reduced us to nine, of whom three M. C. McFeeters is experimenting are in serious need of going home for with vegetable, fruit and cotton grow- health reasons. ing, and with chickens and dairying, although he is greatly handicapped by From Despair to Joy a lack of any definite appropriation. He is convinced that dairying holds T~E inspecto: of the Rhenish Misthe most promise. Cotton, which has SIOn, speakmg of the work in been for years the cash crop of Egypt, Niassa, says that the first time of is not as profitable as formerly, and despair in this work was the time beis an extremely speculative crop. The fore the awakening, viz., 1915. The department aims not only to train missionaries were despairing because practical farmers, but to afford stu- they could see no results of their work dents who are prospective preachers among these people. On the field it and teachers a knowledge of the basic "":as a case of desperate struggle, of industry of the country, and an under- Sighs and prayers to God, and at home standing sympathy with the Egyptian a matter of much blame and censure. farmer and his problems.-Woman'8 The Christians, though outwardly well Mi88ionary Magazine. organized, did not seem to have been touched inwardly. Their thought Pray for Eritrea world was still incorrigibly animistic. The Christian teaching was regarded PASTOR J. IWARSON, of Eritrea, by them only as a new custom or law. reports: The missionaries' prayer!! ascended Work for the Moslems of Eritrea is constantly to the thl'one of God for a in the schools of the station of Gheleb real awakening. It came and the new among the Mensa, where we have thirty period began with 1916. A nation Moslem boy pupils and twenty Moslem awoke to God! When the light broke girl pupils. More than twenty have been in on them, God had a man ready. baptized in the course of the year. The He was a faithful Christian, Hoemene New Testament in Tigre, just now com- by name, who although previously in pleted, will be of great importance. In earnest, was not a truly converted the interior of Ethiopia the mission has soul. Suddenly he heard the words had an evangelist among the converted "Lost, condemned, sentenced to death.': Moslems of Socota, and work among them In this extremity he went to his misseems progressing well. In Tigrai, sev- sionary and was led to Chri!!t. His eral Moslems are advancing towards example brought others and the Christ, among them is a young and in- thronging to the house of the missiontelligent sheikh. ary became so great that he despaired of his strength. People besieged his

home fifty to a hundred at a time! ceedingly hostile. Now they are be- The time of despair became a time of ·seeching the mission for teachers. salvation. The door of a new movement toward Christianity is thus opened. The church of Niassa is at present in the third such period. The 15,000 Missions in South Africa Christians ()f the period before the War have grown to 70,000, with 20,000 WE HAVE by general consent a more inquiring. The 15 missionaries magnificent opportunity in the of that period had to be reduced to 10 mine compounds. Yet I am assured and of these only 9 are available for on all hands that ma:ny of these evangelistic work. Now the mission heathen natives are already Gospelis facing the pr.oblems of a forming hardened. They are so accustomed on church, education, literature, the re- Sunday or in the evenings to seeing visi{)n of the translation of the New and hearing half a dozen competing Testament, the education of pastors evangelists that they ignore the lot. and teachers and the raising up of leaders. The report says, "We are so And while all this overlapping and few in numbers, so weak in resources, rivalry are gving on we ignore the that it is a time of despair in our- startling fact that there are more selves. We look to God. When will heathen in South Africa today than our salvatiQn come 7" there were thirty years ago. Too often you see side by side half a dozen mean Change in the Leipzig Mission churches engaged in an unholy rivalry.

NOTWITHSTANDING its r e – I ask all who love our Lord ro consider stricted income the Leipzig Mission is compelled to extend its work how this must grieve Him as He into the plains and thus alter the pleads for us that we may be one, character. Up to the present its and to join earnestly in His great African work has been mostly in the prayer. So much progress has been hill country of the Kilimanjaro region, made in the last few years that we with two centers in the plains: New have grounds for hope. Let us pray Moshi and Arusha. It appears, how- in faith that the Holy Spirit may ever, that the population of the up- bring us to repentance for whatever lands is not likely to grow much and sins of ours-scorn, suspicio·n, ecclein view of the millIons with which this siastical snobbery, faint-heartedness society is dealing in India the few -have contributed to the present dismountain people seem too few, espe- union and that He may show us God's cially when the population of the plains is growing by leaps and bounds. will.-THE BISHOP OF JOHANNESBURG The two stations mentioned are growing rapidly into cities and the fear is in the South African Outlook. entertained that Islam may spread into these regions. If that were to WESTERN ASIA happen, the stations would be cut off from all contact with each other and With a Movie Outfit the native Christians as well as the missionaries are urging the extension PAUL NILSON, a missionary of the of the work in the plains. American Board, travels into the country districts of Turkey with a Last year several stations were movie outfit. Seven days on the road; opened in the plains and now it is con- seven educational movie shows in six templated to open two more: Nava- different Turkish towns; attendance vera and Engaruka. The work among averaging three hundred per night; the Masai is growing rapidly, which audiences include leaders, such as is all the more gratifying since these teachers, officers, merchants, as well as people only a few years ago were ex- men and boys, many of whom had never before seen a movie.

In the first town of mud houses, half a day's notice through the schools and shops gathered three hundred men and boys. At the end of the trip,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

the Turkish teacher said: "We Turks wards, not only with the doctor and will not do any work like this unless nurses, but also with all who have we get paid for it. We must learn to ministered to Him and in His name.- sacrifice." ALICE BARBER, in The Syria News Quarterly. Jesus in the Wards Seventy Years of Orphanage Work I NCIDENTS in the Kennedy Me- morial Hospital in a report from I N 1860 during persecutions of Chris- Alice S. Barber: tians by the Druses, thousands of ChrIstians were put to death imd more "Cheer me with your book," said a than 20,000 widows and orphans Moslem woman beside whom I was roamed in destitution over the Lebsitting, pointing to my Bible; and so a'non mountains. At that time the the story of the brazen serpent was grandfather of the present director, read with the statement: "For as Ludwig Schneller, journeyed from Moses lifted up the serpent in the Jerusalem to Beirut and gathered the wilderness, even so must the Son of first nock of orphans in Syria and Man be lifted up," and why. brought them to Jerusalem. He be- gan to shelter them in his own house A favorite chapter with the women and, in spite of the limited accommodaof the ward is Luke 15, for the de- tions, he cared for 30 children. scriptions fit into their own lives. When passing from bedside to bedside His son now writes: "How wonderwith friendly greetings a:nd inquiries, fully the hand of God ruled over this the invitation frequently com e s : house! It has gone through great "Tafuddali, sit down." So the white periods of stresR that threatened its bench which fits under the bedstead is very existence. Once there was such pulled out between the two beds, whose a financial stress that it seemed the occupants are often joined by one or doors would have to be closed. Once more of those able to walk around, and there was a great conflagration which the Book is opened. Occasionally a consumed everything that had been particular selection is called for, as: built up in 50 years. Then came the "Now read me about the Sower.'" World War during which the orphan- age was taken away from us and man- To the tiny children picture books aged for three years by strangers. bring much pleasure. "Our Farm But the Lord has delivered us and has Friends," "Our Zoo Friends," the carried us over as on eagles' wings." books of birds and automobiles, bring a look of eager interest to many a Today there stands the "Schneller pale face. District" composed of more than forty buildings, orphanages for boys and One white lipped youngster, ill with girls, schools, day nurseries, home for typhoid fever, looked up to inquire: apprentices, home for the blind, pre- "What wonderful thing have you to paratory school, seminary, a home for show today?" "Pictures, pictures," boys learning trades and parish was his daily plea, and the brightly houses. There is also a great induscolored lesson leaves were brought t.o trial building where the boys learn all him, and he knew their stories almost sorts of trades. The institutions have without exception. He had learned an agricultural colony in Bir Salem, about David and Jonathan and Moses with the Philistian orphanage, a small when he attended a Christian Bible orphanage in Nazareth and an agri- School. cultural station in Cheeme. At present 370 children are being educated in the The patients are always told that a institutions, together with 43 apservice is held every morning where prentices and 30 tradesmen in the prayer is offered that God might give various trades. The fame of the inthe doctor skill and bless his efforts to make them well. Thus "the Divine Healer of Gennesaret" has walked the

stitutions is so great that last year representing the Roman Catholic, alone over 450 applications had to be Syrian and Protestant groups, re- refused. cently signed the following statemen11: "For the preservation of our rights Island of Socotra and culture we do not ask for any SOCOTRA is under the protection special safeguards. We rely upon our of Great Britain and contains 1,382 own inherent abilities, strength and square miles with a population of public spirit, and upon the sense of about 12,000. They are a mixed race justice and good will of our sister comof Arab'S with a strain of African munities." blood. They speak Arabic. There are no missionaries on the island and we In regard to religious liberty they have no record to show when it was make the following statement: last visited by Christians. Probably one of the colporters of the British "We are in general agreement with and Foreign Bible Society visited it the fundame'ntal rights drawn up by in recent years. S.ocotra was formerly the National Congress. The right of a Christian island but at the end of religious liberty implies the right to the seventeen century was taken over share with others our religious conby Moslems. victions and experience. We can think of no effective freedom of conscience without the right to preach our faith openly and freely. To us, as to you, Persian Rugs and Hutnan Life the use of corrupt and unfair meth- ods of conversion is distasteful. We K ERMAN is one of the centers of condemn them wholeheartedly. . . . the Persian rug industry. About We hold that the permeation of Chris- 3,000 women and girls work as weavers tian ideals of life and society will but in this town alone, 9 hours a day in enrich the culture and civilization of summer and 11 hours in winter. The our country. Good Christians are ever majority of these weavers are poor, g.ood citizens a'nd we believe that India undergrown creatures with crippled will never have cause to regret the lega. Before the girls are 7 years old, growth of the Christian Church." they are apprenticed by their parents.

For the five years .of apprenticeship Methodist Anniversary the parents receive about $20.00, and later $30.00 to $40.00 a year. THE se.venty-fift~ a~niversary of the foundmg of mISSIOnary work in The girls themselves receive no India by the Methodist Episcopal wages. They sit on narrow planks, Church will be celebrated this coming without support for their backs, and winter throughout the churches of this causes deformity. Most of them India and Burma. A son of one of the are married later in life and the birth earliest missionaries, Bish.oP Brenton of a child involves great danger to Thoburn Badley, is chairman of the about 75% of them. One woman doctor Jubilee Commission. Three special of the Church Missionary Society lives dates will be commemorated: Decemand works among them. She is re- ber 7, 1931, seventy-fifth anniversary spected and loved by all and her con- of the arrival of Dr. William Butler tinued remonstrances are beginning at BareiIIy; February 7, 1932, seventyto cause a larger public concern and a fifth anniversary of the first Methdesire to remedy these conditions. odist religious service in India, and INDIA AND BURMA March 11, seventy-fifth anniversary of the arrival of Dr. Butler's first re- Christians Ask Religious Liberty cruits.

T HE educated Indian Christians In addition to Ctoh'ensfeer' esnpceeciaslessdiaoyns~ are, as a rule, strong Nationalists various district and favor the principles advocated by will be held throughout India and Mahatma Gandhi. Ten Christians, Burma.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

In the seventy-five years since the inary in Madras, which is organized Methodist Episcopal Church entered under the official name of High Grade India there has grown a church with Theological College. It is open only 350,000 members, 2,273 Indian min- to men who have received the A.B.

isters, 140,000 Sunday-school pupils, degree. The several missions each and 45,000 day-school pupils. furnish professors for the faculty.

The administration is in the hands of Model Village Plan three groups, a college council, an WORLD CALL tells of an experi- executive council and the faculty. ment by which the United Christian Missionary Society plans to teach New Native Bishop girls of India the fine art of living. A ASECOND native bishop was conmodel village is to be built on twenty- secrated in October, when the five acres of government jungle land, Rev. John Sharat Chandra Banerjee near the village of Jyotipur. The girls became assistant bishop of Lahore. will live in cottages, and while they He has been chosen not simply because will be self-governing as far as pos- he is an Indian, but because he seems, sible, Qversight and training will rest in the natural development of the with the teachers. Government Middle Church of India, to be the right man School curriculum will be followed, al- for the office. He is enthusiastic, cullowing six years instead of four, so tivated, experienced. The other Inthat practical work may be introduced. dian Bishop is Bishop Azariah, of Around each cottage will be garden Dornakal, consecrated in 1912, who space, and at one side .of the village, has proved himself a welcome and pasture for sheep and cows. Butter effective addition to the bishops of the and cheese making, poultry raising Anglican Communion in India and and bee culture will form a part of the training. Girls will be taught sewing, abroad. especially mending-a thing few In- In March, 1930, the Church of Engdians know how to do; hygiene and sanitation, care of infants; a simple land in India became legally the Church of India, Burma and Ceylon.

course in civics. There will be leader- SIAM ship cour·ses, giving practice in lead- Lepers Give to Missions ing meetings, making outlines of speeches, parliamentary law, and con- THE Chiengmai Leper church has ducting and taking intelligent part in recently forwarded to the Ameribusiness meetings ·of various kinds. can Mission to Lepers a gift of ticals The girls will deposit their money in 20 ($8.85). The superintendent of a bank, kept by the manager, and draw the asylum, which is under the Presit out by check. It is also planned to byterian Board of Foreign Missions, teach religious education, for training says: the girls to be better Sunday-school teacher.s, and to teach their own chil- This small gift expresses in a very dren and to be able to tell stories. meagre way their gratitude for the many Girls in the highest classes will be blessings they have received. Not the given practice in organizing and con- least of these blessings is their faith in ducting Junior and Senior Christian God and their renewed faith in man. Endeavor Societies, MissIon Bands They, themselves, are unable to do direct and Junior Church. evangelism but they can send small sums in order that some one else may be used in this Christian work. Everyone of the more than four hundred patients in this leper village is a Christian.

Lutheran Cooperation On Sunday, July 26, their new pastor was installed.. It was a big day for the FIVE Lutheran Missions in India, church and practically every patient was the American, the Leipzig, the present. After charging the pastor with Danish, the Swedish, and Gossner, are his duties, the new man conducted the cooperating in the new theological sem- Communion service.

S

The Leper church is assuming the en- provision is made for nonregistered tire financial support of the new pastor. schools. Disabilities are imposed upon His principal work will be to visit rela- those who gradute from nonregistered tives and friends of leper patients whose schools. From this, it is perfectly homes are in this section of the country. clear that it is anticipated that there They are keen to have their own families, will be schools that elect not to regismost of whom are non-Christians, given ter at present. the opportunity of becoming Christians. "Yali (Yale in China, at Changsha) In addition to supporting their own after being actually registered, was pastor they have promised the sum of 'directed to witbdraw its registration ticals two hundred and fifty per year to and apply again!' the evangelistic work of Chiengmai Station, providing a suitable man can be "During two visits to Shanghai in found to visit small groups of Christians 1930, and one early in this year, I who rarely have the chance of meeting stayed at the Missionary Home, where the missionary or even the native evan- one meets people from all over China, gelists. Their interest in Christian work and found two significant things, viz.: of many kinds is a constant source of (a) among those who had tried regiswonder and inspiration to me. Within tration, considerable dissatisfaction the past few months they have given the was expressed; and (b) I was many big sum of ticals five hundred thirty-four times congratulated upon the decision (Tcs. 534). I am quite sure that no of the Shanghai district of the Ameriother church in Siam can compare with can Church Mission to defer registrathem for gifts and variety of interests. tion, and was assured that the position was widely endorsed. Numerous mis- This small cheque is sent with their sionaries representing several differprayers that your work among leper ent denominational boards expressed people of other lands may continue to be the wish that they had taken the same prospered of God. stand. Dr. John C. Ferguson, long time adviser to the Chinese govern- (Signed) J. HUGH McKEAN. ment, wrote: 'The provisions of the regulation (i. e., the order forbidding CHINA religious exercises in schools) do not Non-Registered Schools in China commend themselves to the good judg- ment of the average man.' " THOSE who delay registration of the mission school are not "oppos- Newspaper Reports Incomplete ing Chinese nationalism" and even breaking qtIin€se law, as some writers DR. JAMES H. FRANKLIN of the seem to intimate. American Baptist Missionary So- ciety has recently made an extended The Rev. B. L. Ancell, D.D., of the trip in China and gives a report very American (Protestant Episcopal) different from that in the daily press. Church, and principal of Haham He says: School, Yangchow, Kiangsu, writes: "Thera is no defiance, no opposition, A visitor to China may be so iminvolved in the position of those who pressed with the widespread poverty, ilurge a further delay before registra- literacy, disease, superstition, banditry tion …… We simply omit to claim and general disorganization that he will certain privileges to be accorded on utterly fail to recognize some of the concondition that we do certain things. structive movements. Although I jour- We fail to claim certain rights for our neyed eighteen hundred miles into the pupils: rights to enter certain uni- interior of China, I did not find a town versities, rights to engage in govern- of any size that within four or five years ment service, etc. had not torn down hundreds or thou- sands of buildings in order to widen its "The present welter of multitudi- streets; nor did I find any such town nous laws and regulations creates such that had not recently paved those widan uncertainty as to constitute a rea- ened thoroughfares. In Chengtu, with a son for friendly pause rather than population of 600,000, seventeen hundred haste. No clean-cut body of school law exists that is applied as law.

"If from the state of school law in China anyone thing becomes clear, it is this: That under the regulations,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

miles 'from the sea, wide thoroughfares about three millions. Although in had been made and every street in the city had been paved within a period of other parts of China they are mixed five years. Schools were being conducted by the Chinese authorities in all of the~e with the Chinese, in Kansu they trace places, despite ~he ~isturbances. ElectrIC lights were bemg mtroduced and many their origin to three races, Arab and of the young people were dreaming of better things for their country. oPledrsHiaun~ Turkish, and a branch of the family. Since the beginning The United Lutheran Church of the Manchu dynasty, they have been THE Missionstidning for Finland the official journal of the Finnish a constant source of irritation and National Foreign Mission Society reports that the Lutheran Church Union trouble to the Chinese people, and inin China founded in 1920, was made up at that time of five missions, t.he creasing enmity has been the result. Norwegian in central Hunan, the Fmnish in northeastern Hunan, that of At present Moslem powel' is in the asthe Augustana Synod in Honan and that of the United Lutheran Church in cendancy in Northwest China. Very Honan and Hupeh, as well as the Swedish Church.. The mission of the Mis- few Christian missionaries are at souri Synod, the missions of Norway and Sweden, the Basel Mission and the work among these Moslems and Rhenish Society were outside of the union. throughout China the Christian ap- The Lutheran Church Federation proach to Moslems is a neglected task. meeting is attended by delegates from all over China, so that the territorial The successful missionary should be extension of the church in China is the most far-flung in the world, although equipped with a knowledge of Arabic, in actual numbers it is relatively small. as well as of the vernacular. The task At the sixth annual convention the Chinese were in the majority; there calls for cooperation between the variwere Germans, Danes, Swedes, Norwegians, Finns and Americans as well ous missionary agencies, and the Naas a Korean, Japanese and Esthonian in attendance. It was a harmonious tional Christian Council in China has and congenial group. been asked to reorganize a special com- A Chinese Christian, Pastor Chu Hao-ran, was elected president and the mittee on work for Moslems through first vice-president is Pastor Ai Ho-nan from Honan and the second, Pastor which all the missronary boards work- Paul Anspach of the mission of the United Lutheran Church. ing in China might cooperate to deal Moslems in China more effectively with the needs of Chi- REV. J. FINDLAY ANDREW, a nese Moslems. Special literature, fa- missionary of the China Inland Mission, who has more than twenty cilities for training missionaries and years' experience in the Province of Kansu and who is especially ac- united prayer are earnestly requested. quainted with the problems of missions to Chinese Moslems, reports that A Reviva.l in Manchuria Moslems in Kansu Province number AREVIVAL of unusual nature in Eastern Manchuria which has at- tracted widespread attention is going on in the Danish mission in Dairen, according to the Danslc Missions blad. Dairen is a large modern city with buildings in western style. There are nearly 300,000 Chinese inhabitants and many Japanese. The Danish mis- sion has one married missionary there, Rev. and Mrs. Jansen, two Chinese preachers, six evangelists and four Bible women.

In September, 1929, a young Chi- nese candidate for ordination preached on "Regeneration" and told how he was led by God's Spirit to use John 3: 13. For two years he had been a fierce opponent of one of the mission- aries but had been converted. Before Pastor Hsieh had finished, a wave of excitement swept over the assembly. Later another Chinese pastor, Wang

Ming Tao, heightened the impression rural millions. The industrial field with earnest admonitions. Later remains unopened. Christians who Wang spoke seven hours without ap- own factories are to be called into con- ference for discussion of such topics parent fatigue. as capitalism, labor conditions, hours, A meeting of the Bible women fol- wages and relations with workers.

lowed and the rumor of a revival Japanese Christians and China spread through the surrounding country. Later great meeting,s were held No JAPANESE Christian wants in New Chwang and in Mukden. war with China or with anyone else. Church people were shocked to Missionary Aksel Sorenson writes: hear the war news on the very morn- "We are a growing flock and rejoice ing of the collection for Chinese flood at what is taking place and at the relief; perhaps the offering was largthought that God's time has come for er on this account. Although the a blessing. The revival out here will Christians do not feel themselves mean a revival at home, as well as new strong enough yet to welcome reproach life and new power. for opposing national military policy, they are indulging widely in words of The revival has spread over Dairen, caution and in hopes that the current Port Arthur, Chinchou, Takushan, problems may be peacefully solved. Feng-hwang-ch'eng Antung, Kwan- Most Japanese feel there is as much tien, Huanjou, Mukden, Changchung, justification for a Japanese Monroe Petune, Sweihwafu. The missionary doctrine for Manchuria as for any othconcludes by saying "God is calling er, and with China's inability to set aloud to His people in Denmark in all her own house in order, as well as with that is happening here in China. He her violations of Japan's treaty rights, is calling us to a full surrender, to there must naturally be an end to pasanctification and to a holy service in tience somewhere, even among relaprayer, work and sacrifice." tives. There is, however, general Christian agreement that the patience JAPAN-CHOSEN of the Japanese army authorities was prematurely exhausted.-T. T. Brum- The Kindom of God Movement baugh.

DESPITE the absence of Toyohiko Christian Night Schools Kagawa, the Kingdom of God movement has gone forward with in- NIGHT schools connected with Miscreasing success. This united Chris- aki Tabernacle in Tokyo furnish tian campaign, which has now been one of the city's most important fields endorsed by almost all the Protestant for evangelistic work. "Instead of bodies, reported more local campaigns spending their leisure time in the held during the first six months of city's 7,500 cafes and places of amuse- 1931 than during all 1930. The num- ment," writes Dr. William Axling, ber of Christians now enrolled in vari- "the best of Tokyo's youth devote their ous sorts of training classes, all of evenings to study, and with high purwhom expect to go into the active work pose expose themselves to Christian of the movement, is rapidly increas- teachings, Christian influences and ating. The most significant recent de- mosphere. The interest in the chapel velopments have been the beginning services and the Bible classes ha,s been of work in the hitherto untouched maintained at a high level. There are rural regions and the addition of a 899 young men and women enrolled in factory and industry section to the the three night schools. Of that numprogram. There are about 12,000 vil- ber 294 are young women who work lages in Japan, with a population in in offices, and who have enrolled that the neighborhood of 40,000,000. By providing special training for young people who live in these villages the Kingdom of God Movement is planning to open its real drive on Japan's

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

they may improve themselves mentally ty, and Christian work is suffering and spiritually. Japan's youth are thereby. Christian cooperation is bealive to the tasks before them." ing tried; agriculture is studied as never before. To Study Japan's Schools Professor L. George Paik, Ph.D., of FOUR American educators will de- Seoul, in his "History of Protestant vote the winter months to a study Missions in Korea," sums up his conof Christian educati'onal systems and clusions as to conditions in his native institutions in Japan. The Interna- land as follows: tional Missionary Council is sponsor for the project, which is similar to When Korea was opened to the West, those recently completed in southern the greatest change wrought in the life and eastern Asia. of the people was the introduction of Christianity. Evangelical Christianity The American commissioners are entered the country when it was still an President G. Bromley Oxnam of De- independent nation …… Annexation in Pauw University, Greencastle, Ind.; 1910 was only the culmination of the long Dr. Frank W. Padelford of the Bap- processes of decay originating before the tist Education Board, Dr. Edward Ry- opening of the country. The intercourse nearson, Pittsburgh, Pa., and Miss of the West awakened the nation to a Ruth T. Woodsmall, research worker new life purpose. The infusion of Chrison institjltions for women. tian ideals gave to it a new birth ….. . The persistently active minority have al- CrOBS Currents in Korea ready made themselves felt among their non-Christian neighbors. The rebirth of K OREA has now been a part of the a nation in the heart of the Orient, the Japanese Empire for twenty rousing to new leadership of a people years. Law making and enforcement once spiritual leaders in the Far East, are efficient, for Japan aspires to rule who, through the fire of a new zeal are effectively. Through government con- impelled to proclaim to others their new trol and commercial enterprise, the faith, is the story of Christian expansion Japanese have done much to make in Korea. Korea physically and economically a new country. Government auto bus ISLANDS OF THE SEA lines, passenger and freight traffic have been greatly extended. Banking Will T"hiti Retreat? and commercial facilities and modern public utilities have been developed in I s CIVILIZATION, as interpreted a decade. Fine cities with modern by Europe and America, a help or buildings, water, light and transpor- a handicap? This is a question that is h~tion are growing up. Silk and cotton being seriously considered in the Ismills, tobacco factories, machine shops land of Tahiti, in the South Seas. The and other new industries have come. world economic depression is so greatly The Japanese postal system is efficient. affecting the islands that they appear Daily papers, the moving pictures, and to be on the verge of renouncing the even the radio are becoming common. ways of white civilization. Western clothing, medicine, machinery, books, athletics-all are taking In a resolution adopted by the Aghold of Korea. The Japanese school ricultural Union of Tahiti (says the system gives promise of future bless- N eU' York Times) and forwarded to ing to the nation. France, the islanders of the French South Sea colony are urged to resume On the other hand, if a million Ko- their ancestral modes of life and abanreans are prospering, eighteen mil- don the attempt to maintain modern lions are struggling for life's necessi- methods of living and trading. ties. Eighty per cent of the Koreans, mostly farmers, are in hopeless pover- This appeal recommends that the natives discard European clothing, re- turn to the simple outdoor life and give up life in the towns, with their artificial commercial existence, which is held responsible for the degenera- tion of island civilization.

Tahiti is one of the Society Islands In addition to this there are 2,788,625 and has an area of about 600 square native whites of foreign or mixed miles with a population of 8,585. The parentage. This means that there are capital is Papeete, a town which in- over 5,000,000 persons of foreign cludes about half of the whole.popula- stock, which number is over two- tion of the island. The Paris Evan- thirds the total population of the megelical Mission has been working here tropoli,s. It is surprising to find that since 1863 and has missionaries in the persons born in Russia, who num- Papeete and Morrea. Their communi- ber 442,431, now exceed slightly the cant Christians number about three number of those born in Italy. thousand. Cost of Crime "IGoing to School in Papua OFTEN wonder what children at T HE Wickersham Commission on home would think of the way Crime presents a vast body of children out here in Kwato come to carefully compiled statistics regardschool. ing the cost of crime and crime pre- vention. The cost of crime and efforts "The channel between Kwato and to prevent and to punish it by federal, Logea is about two hundred yards state and local agencies, is considerwide at its narrowest point and at all ably above one billion dollars a year times has a strong current runniIJ,.~ or $2,740,000 a day, or $114,000 an through it. This has to be crossed to hour! But the greatest c'ost of crime get to school. On a warm day the and its most terrible results is not its children paddle their outrigger ca- cost in dollars but the injury that it noes; on a windy day they sail; on an does to its perpetrators, its victims, unlucky day they swim. and to society as a whole.

"I love to watch the scramble before For a Christian the cause and the they get off in the morning-a great cure are not complex but simple, not bustling of grass skirts; last touches obscure but clear: to their carefully combed hair and shining bodies. One Dr two of the Cause-sin. This is revealed in selfolder boys swagger down to where ishness, a lust for gold and an ignotheir own little 'two-seater' lies, hol- rance of God and a disregard for His lowed out and finished off with their laws. This applies to both rich and own hands; they get quietly in and poor, high and low, native and foreign, paddle off. A little group of children white and colored, capitalists and manlook forlorn because their fathers have ual laborers. appropriated the family canoe for the day. They are not despondent long, Cure-faith in God and obedience however, for in a trice they have di- to His laws of life as made known vested themselves of any superfluous through Jesus Christ. This includes covering and entrusted their school self-sacrifice, a love for our fellowmen books to those in canoes. Then they of every race and station; plain livjump into the sea and are soon half ing, faithful and energetic use of way across the channel; their woolly whatever talents and opportunities we black heads bobbing up and down in have; recognition of the sovereignty the waves."-Hal,~iday Scrymgeour, in of God and seeking first the establish- Kwato Mission Tidings. ment of His righteous rule over every department of life-personal, indus- trial, political and religious.

NORTH AMERICA Allied Temperance Forces New York a Foreign City THE prohibition movement in America needs to be unified and to ACCORDING to the 1930 census fig- emphasize education if temperance is 1'. ures there are 2,283,400 foreign- to win. There are over forty prohibi- tion organizations or agencies operatborn white persons in New York City.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ing on a more or less national scale. The Disciples' Message Differences find expression in rivalries and disputes. THE International Convention of the Disciples of Christ met this In recent years progress has been year in Wichita, Kansas. The United made in bringing the temperance 01'- Christian Missionary Society carries ganizations together on the basis of a on the work of home and foreign misfederation and the National Confer- sions, church erection, benevolence and ence of Organizations Supporting the religious education. The reports were Eighteenth Amendment includes thir- more encouraging than might have ty-four agencies in its membership. been expected, considering the busi- A national board of strategy is em- ness situation. The call to hold the powered to guide the political policy lines and permit no retreat sounded of the "drys" through the year ahead. by President Corey met sympathetic response in the convention. A notable The Allied Forces for Prohibition, message to the churches from the enunder the leadership of Daniel A. Pol- tire secretarial group was read and ing, Oliver W. Stewart, Raymond Rob- was given wide publicity in the press. ins and others plan to hold dry meetings in 269 cities in every state in the Among the more notable utterances union before June 1, 1932, and to set were the following: up a popular organization in each city to spread the net of the organization "We must develop a missionary spirover the entire country. Every move- it and program which proclaims Christ ment in favor of temperance anlJ law as the world's Saviour. We must recobservance should unite to work in ognize that our Christian heritage harmony and ceaselessly to educate makes us and our land undying debtthe youth and to uphold Christian ors to all mankind. We must make the standards. education of our day thoroughly and devoutly Christian. Our evangelism Juvenile Delinquent. must call men and women to a com- plete surrender to the unqualified reg- THE report made by the Wicker- nancy of Christ. We must attain an sham Crime Commission states exalted concept of Christian stewardthat the United States Government ship and apply the means and methods had in its custody during the last half whereby it can be made a permanent of 1930 some 2,243 juvenile delin- factor in undergirding Kingdom enquents who have come into the cus- terprises …… Recognizing then the tody of the state. How so many validity of Jesus as the world's Savminors became Federal charges is a iour and convinced without doubt that mystery, although it is explained that the only hope of our age lies in Him, bootlegging, narcotic -violations and we pledge ourselves afresh in those various forms of delinquency that wistful words of the Jerusalem Concross state lines have placed them in ference which came hot from the crucidurance. The facts as presented are ble in which the Christian leaders of distressing. That the young should fifty nations had defined their faith: be in prison is bad enough, but that 'We cannot live without Christ. We they should be ill-treated and poorly cannot bear to think of others living housed is worse. The commission, without Him. We cannot be content through Mariam Van Waters, the so- to live in a world which is un-Christcial worker, who made the investiga- like. We cannot be idle while the longtion, has performed a valuable service. ing of his soul is unsatisfied." It is to be hoped that the revelations will produce some practical results in A Million Thank-Offering the way of a remedy-both for the causes and the conditions revealed.- I N THE face of the economic stress The Churchman. which has engulfed the whole world the united thank offering of the women of the Protestant Episcopal

Church for the current triennium Dr. Richter asks the pertinent ques- reached the sum of $1,059,575.27. This tion as to whether our Christianity offering comprised the gifts of all has a message of such compelling pow- women of the church, whether factory er that it will be able to rise above the girl or wealthy matron, hard working bogs of religious neglect and despair mother or isolated ranch woman, wom- and enter upon a new way. He says, en from the remotest outposts in the "If we will be honest, we must per- Philippine Islands, women on the sug- haps acknowledge that there is among ar centrale.s in Cuba and the Domini- men today only one enthusiasm that can Republic, women in Haitian carries along a hundred million human villages, women of a dozen races in beings in its intoxication, namely Rus- Hawaii, women from Japanese fi·shing sian communism, which promises to villages and from the centers of J apa- build up a new civilization on the nese culture, women from inland China foundation of a logical altruism. Be- who live in daily peril of their lives, hind this communistic movement Liberian school girls in West Africa, stands a fiery enthusiasm which sees Eskimo women in the far north, Mexi- the daybreak of a new day after the can women in remote mountain homes. night of a decadent capitalism. It is While the offering is primarily for the a very serious question whether Chris- support of women missionaries, it has tianity today is capable of kindling a been customary to use a part for build- similar or even more glowing enthusi- ings and equipment. asm in the hearts of its hundreds of millions of sated and ·self-satisfied ad- "THome Mission Theme for 1932-3 hermIts, who might be willing to give HE American Indian" will be the a few crumbs from their rich board to theme for the interdenomination- the despairing Lazaruses at their al Home Mission books in 1932-33. doors.

Dr. Lewis Meriam will prepare the Does Christianity have this mes- book for adults. In addition to having sage? I mention five points which ap- a deep personal interest in the Indian pear to me to have incomparable worth missionary work of the church he has for all of the human race, especially been technical director of the survey in the present crisis: (1) The mes- of Indian affairs conducted under the sage of God, the sovereign Ruler of Institute for Government Research at the universe, who lays unlimited claim Washington. His book will deal more upon the unconditional obedience of with the future than the past of the every man; (2) The reality of re- Indian. The first part will consider demption through the Only Begotten the Indian situation as it is today and Son of God, the atonement through the second, opportunities for Chris- His cross and life through His resur- tian service. rection, (3) The ethical impulses from GENERAL the reality .of the Holy God, the only possible moral backbone for the world Need for Missionary Passion that is seriously ill with moral ail- TH E AUgemeine Missionszeit- ments; (4) The message of a uni- schTilt, which Dr. Julius Richter versal judgment of the living and the edits, contains an informing article on dead, which guarantees everlasting missionary opportunities and difficul- righteousness as the fundamental law tie·s faced by American mission of thi s world; (5) The message of the boards. He does full justice to the Kingdom of God as the real purpose splendid way in which these boards of God in and with this cosmos, con- have been carrying on but sees great tents and goal of the development of difficulties in raising funds and secur- the human family.

ing missionaries. In some respects Might it not be possible to penetrate the picture is nearly as dark as the the Christian treasures of salvation conditions faced by European socie- with such a missionary glow that they ties. would set the 'churches aflame 7"

WORTH

~~ Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Japan Mission Year Book, 1931. Ed- missiDns and missiDnaries, educatiDn ited by Rev. L. J. Sha~er: 8 V? .449 and sDcial prDgress. Several chapters pp. Federation of ChI"lstIan MlsslOns. are 'Of special value and impDrtance Tokyo. such as thDse 'On "The Statute of Reg- istratiDn," "Cause 'Of Anti-Christian People who are interested in Japan M'ovements," "The Kuomintang and will find this publication of exceptIOn- ReligiDn" and "Change in Family al value. It presents not 'Only a wide Life." The whDle vDlume is essential range of authDritative infDrmatiDn re- tD thDse WhD wDuld understand the garding the missiDnary' wDrk 'Of all present situatiDn and DUtlDDk. denDminatiDns in Japan and FDrmDsa, but includes valuable chapters 'On the Negro Year Book: An Annual Encyclogeneral situatiDn in Jap~~ – s?ci.al, pedia of the Negro, 1931-32. By MoneCDnDmic, religiDus and pDlItlcal, III Its roe N. Work. 544 pp. $2. Tuskegee bearing upDn the Christian mDvement. Institute. Alabama. This Eighth EditiDn is a distinct A. J. B. imprDvement 'Over earlier issues bDth The China Christian Year Book, 1931. Ed- in CDntent and arrangement 'Of matter. ited by Frank Rawlinson. 8 va.. 437 Most of the material is new and, in a pp. $2. Christian Literature SocIety. concise form, gives a comprehensive Shanghai, China. view of the events affecting the NegrD China is rapidly making hist'Ory, as and the prDgress he is making throughDut the world. Special sectiDns is clearly shown in this seventeenth are devDted tD International CDoperaissue 'Of the China MissiDn Year B'Ook. tion through the Church and other F'Orty writers have contributed tD the agencies, national cDnsCiDusness, disv'Olume, half of them being Chinese, criminatiDns against Negroe·s, segre- S'O that the result presents a compDslte gation, and the NegrD in pDlitics, view 'Of a very critical situation. educati'Onal pr'Ogress and the NegrD Christian activity has increased in the in the church. Nearly 'One hundred last two years and anti-Christian pages are given t'O the NegrD in EurDpe movements are less pr'On'Ounced. S'Ome and in Africa. The c'Oncluding secti'Ons misshmary p'Olicies and methDds have deal with the Negr'O in p'Oetry, a rechanged and many new experiments view 'Of recent bDDks relating tD the are being tried. The Chinese Church Negro and a direct'Ory 'Of N egr'O newsis helping to rebuild China and its papers, agencies, and 'Organizati'Ons. p'Ower is being felt. The Five Year The statistics (page 537) are inaccu- Movement is making prDgress and ID- rate and the index is inadequate. eal groups of Christians are cooperating with the Central Committee. It S. M.Z. is a day 'Of great need and great 'Opportunity for Christianity in China.

The next ten years will probably set God's World, By Cornelius Howard Patthe mold in which the future of the ton. 297 pp. $2. Richard R. Smith. nation is cast. New York. 1931.

We have the usual sections of the The day has passed when the true year b'Ook where vari'Ous authors ably follower 'Of Christ can be provincial discuss nati'Onal and religious life, and insular in his views of G'Od's world 953

if ever such a day existed. The prog- physician. Dr. Schweitzer sees Africa ress of the past few years strikingly and the Africans as they are-without manifests our nearness to one another, much romance or poetry-but with and the need for neighborliness among great human need and in dire physical nations. In such a day the world has suffering which he is trying to relieve. need of the Church of Christ, and f He describes his experiences-doctorinteIligent, compassionate, ecumenical ing, operating, disciplining, teaching Christians. morals and religion, erecting build- ing·s, feeding the people, conducting Dr. Patton pays tribute to those re·search. It is a simple, intimate, who, with humility and the spirit of vivid story of a humanitarian work brotherliness and with sacrifice, are well done. making their contribution to the realizing of the Christian ideal through- We Are Alaskans. Mary Lee Davis. 335 out the world, but he states with pp. $3.50 W. A. Wilde Co. Boston. regret that in the church these are a 1931. minority. Today God's world is hungry and piteously sick, large areas are In "Uncle Sam's Attic" Mary Lee darkened by ignorance and sin, but Davis achieved a striking success with too many in the ·Christian Church are a volume of general information on narrow and selfish, when their inter- Alaska. It was written so charmingly est should be cosmopolitan." In a clos- that it stands easily first in the books ing chapter, "A Possible World," the descriptive of our great north land. author calls us, as Christians, away "We Are Alaskans" attains the same from our apathy and indifference to high level of interest and value. One apostolic steadfastness and the tre- cannot know the human, and therefore mendous adventure of world-living real, Alaska, until one has read these and giving. "The one clear call for stories .of Eskimo, Tinneh, Thlingit the church to which you and I belong and frontiersmen – cheechakos and is to go and do the thing which is com- sourdoughs. Every story fairly bites manded and empowered by Christ." into one's interest but two stand out- Tillie Paul Tamaree and the Flu Epi- Some of the chapters treat of sub- demic at Fairbanks. Finely graven jects upon which books have been writ- cameos are they, the cost of reading ten. Bibliographies are provided for which is a clutch of throat and moisthe benefit of those who wish to pur- ture of eye. "Uncle Sam's Attic" and sue a specific subject. "WeAre Alaskans" are like two sides of a beautiful coin. Noone preparing This book has great clarifying value a paper or address on Alaska can afto those who are interested in missions ford to neglect these books. and world affairs, and is challenging and convincing to those who are not. A.J.M.

J. MeN. Studies in Christian Stewardship. By Rev. Douglas W. P. Strang. 2s. Interna- The First Hospital at Lambarene. By Al- tional Association for Church Fi- bert Schweitzer. 12 mo. $2. Holt & nances. 55 West Regent Street, Glas- Co. New York. 1931. go. 1931.

"On the edge of the Primival For- Strange to say, this is the first book est," which made Albert Schweitzer- on Stewardship yet published in Great German musician, physician, philoso- Britain. It is by the minister of the pher, missionary – well known in New Northern church, Edinburgh, and America and England, brought his ex- is a notable contribution to this vital periences up to 1924. This volume subject which is now challenging the records the story of his work from thinking of the church as never be- 1924 to 1928 when he went on fur- fore the world over. Mr. Strang relough to Europe. He is now back in gards it as nothing less than an inte- We·st Africa serving the people to gral, though long neglected part of the whom he has devoted his skill as a

BqOKS WORTH READING

Gospel. To appropriate a phrase of Dr. Schomerus shows clearly and his own, this little textbook of twelve unmistakably the principal elements chapters opens out "a tremendous in Buddhism and thus reaches the vista." Far from being a primer, deepest roots of the distinction be- though modestly offered as "a prelim- tween it and Christianity. He shows inary essay" these studies sweep the that the real difference lies in the fact wide ranges of the New Testament that Christianity is first of all con- along this line and incidentally the cerned with the conception of person- Old Testament and afford a key to un- ality and this brings him to the con- lock connections between the paBsages sideration of the question whether one of the two Testaments. They form an desires to be a personality in the invaluable contribution to the religious fullest sense of the word. The book education materials, furnishing a is a fine contribution to an under- missing link between mission study standing of Buddhism. C. T. B.

and daily life. D. MeC.

Buddha und Christus. By Professor Hilko Gandhi, Christus und wir Christen. By Wiardo Schomerus. Buchhandlung des Walter Gabriel. Buchhandlurtg des Weisenhauses. Halle. 1931. Waisenhauses. Halle. 1931.

Any publication by Dr. Schomerus, The author presents an evaluation the great authority on missions and the religions of the world, will be of Gandhi from the standpoint of hailed with joy. The present volume is particularly timely both in view of Christian teaching. When it is borne the fact that at present there is so in mind that for a long time the author much unclearness in regard to the fundamental questions of all religion had the portrait of Gandhi on his and because there is a widespread in- desk beside the picture of Christ, it clination on the part of seekers after the truth to look for comfort in other will not be feared that he does not religions. This is particularly true in regard to Buddhism, partly because of present his argument from a fair and the natural attraction in the person of unbiased standpoint. He has enthe founder of Buddhism and partly deavored to be so fair, that at times because men fancy to have discovered it seems as if he made too many conin it a guide out of the oppression of cessions to the great Indian leader. materialism. The book is a noteworthy contribu- In view of the fact that for a num- tion to the question of the religious ber of years past there has been an viewpoints of Gandhi. It draws a increasing propaganda for Buddhism clear line of distinction between the in many countries it is a matter of spiritual world of Gandhi and the great gratification that the comparison world of Christ's Gospel. As many between Buddhism and Christianity is admirers 'Of Gandhi see in him the inhere made by one of the greatest liv- corporation of Christ's ethics in the ing authorities on Bud d his m. Sermon on the Mount, they overlook Throughout the book the reader is the most important principles that dis~ conscious that the facts are presented tinguish Christ's revelation. It is to in the most frankly objective way. the credit .of Mr. Gabriel that he has brought out the great self-revelation Professor Schomerus states that he of God in Christ over against a mere aims to give an answer to four ques- ethical conception of the Gospel. He tions, namely: (1) Who is Buddha fortifies his positions by extracts from and who is Christ? (2) What are the public utterances of Gandhi and their basic views of God, the world constantly bears tribute to his lofty and man? (3) What did they aim at? ethical views. He shows the truth of (4) How did they think to carry out Gandhi's accusations against Christheir aim? tians so-called and sounds a clear note of appeal to repentance and a deeper penetration into that which actually constitutes the Gospel of Christ.

C. T. B.

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. North America. Pittsburgh. Helen A. C. Dixon. 324 pp. $5. Put- nam. New York. A Merry Mountaineer. The Story of Clif- ford Harris of Persia. R. W. Howard. A Prince of Missionaries-The Rev. Al",x- 93 pp. 18. Church Missionary So- ciety. London. ander Hetherwick of Blantyre. W. P. Livingstone. Illustrated. 8vo. 206 pp. Perils in the Wilderness (or, The Rescue 58. James Clarke and Co. London. of Two Lady Missionaries). G. Findley 1931. Andrew. 60 pp. 25 cents. China In- land Mission. Philadelphia. Good News. A Plea for Spreading the Gospel. C. V. Sheatsley. 12mo. 156 The Present-Day Summons to the World pp. $1.00. Lutheran Book Concern. Mission of Christianity. John R. Mott. 325 pp. $2.50. Cokesbury Press. Columbus, Ohio. 1931. Nashville. The Pilgrim Church. E. H. Broadbent. The Treasure Ship Sails East. A Book filr Churches practising New Testament Boys and Girls. Edited by Phyllis principles. 8vo. 406 pp. 78, 6d. Pick- Hocken. 127 pp. $2. Macmillan. ering and Inglis. Glasgow. 1931. New York. Rural Education for the Regeneration of Korea. Helen Kiteuk Kim. Pamphlet. Methodist Episcopal Board of Foreign Missions. New York. 1931.

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The Missionary Review of the World — 1923 Index

MISSIONAR Y

REVIEW 0/ the WORLD VOL. XLVI OLD SERIES VOL. XXXVI NEW SERIES Founded in 1878 by Editor-in-Chief, 1888 to 1911 REV. ROYAL G. WILDER. D.D. REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D.D.

January to December, 1923 EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON EDITORIAL ASSOCIATES MItS. E. C. CRmnr Best Methods Department MRS. H. W. PEABODY Woman's Foreign Mission BuUetin FLORENOE E. QUINI,AN Woman's Home Mission Bulletin EDITORIAL COUNCIL REV. A. R. BARTHOLOMEW, D. D. FLORENCE E. QUINLAN REV. ENOOH F. BELL FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL REV. RODNEY W. R<lUNDY REV. W. E. D01J'GHTY REV. WM. P. SCHELL, D.D.

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CoPYRlGHTED, 1923-PUBLISHED BY THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC• . THIRD AND REILY STREETS, HARRISBURG, P A., AND 156 FInH AVENUE, NEW YORK BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President MltS. E. C. CRoNK WM. 1. CRAMBER.LA.IN, Vic6·Presi.iknt H.A.RLAN P. BEACH WALTER McDOUGA.LL, Treasurer ERIC M. NORTH DELAVAN L; PIERSON, Seoretary MRS. HENRY W. PEA1lODY FREDElUCK L. COLVER FLEMrNG H. REVEr..r.

I MAPS, CHARTS AND POSTERS Page Page Africa, Bechuanaland Protectorate ……….. 371 – Missionary Map of …………….. (Insert) 7S2 Christian Citizens, Making ………•……..• 510 – Prohibition Poster Used in ……………. 811 Constantinople, Adult Delinquency Map of .. 285 Russian Paper, Cartoon from …………….. 887 Formosa, Christian Task in ……………… 900 Soviet Paper, Cartoon from ………………. 887 Indians in U. S., Protestant Missions to …. 684 Turkey, American Missions in ………….. 970 Japan, Churches and Temples ……………. 829 United States Communities Having Week – Missionary Hunger Map of …………….. 795 Day Religious Instruction …………….. 549 PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS hp hp Africa, Chief Khama …………………….. 36'7 – Wife of General ……………………….. 629 – Chief's Son at Kasenga ………………… 16 Foreign Children in Streets ………………. 7()1 – Congo Christian Evangelists …………… 4 Formosa, Dr. Mackay of North …………… 884 – Congo Heathen In Native Dance……….. 4 – Famous Temple of …………………….. 001 – Explaining the Scriptures ……………… 459 – Mission Compound, Tamaui, North ……. 899 m – Grave of Alexander Mackty ……………. 676 – Seminary Conference, Taihoku …………. 003 – Holding Court in Rhodesia…………….. 13 Fourth of July Party …………………….. – Inferior lIa Type ………………………. 15 Frontier, Baptist Colporteur on ………….. 5~8 – Mackay's Grave Today …………………. 676 – Serving Churchless Community on …….. 5'6 – Mission School Girls in North …………. 297 – "Sky Pilot" Reviewing Parish on ……… 527 – Mupumani, Prophet of Ba-IIa …………. 18 – Type of KentUcky Mountain Home …….. 525 – Mwila Woman in Holiday Attire ………. 20 Greece, Typical Farm House in Southern …. 607 – Preaching Service In Galangue ………… 176 Hara, T ………………………………….. 987 – Preaching the Gospel in Central ………. 431 Hara, Taneaki, and Japanese Ex-Prisoners .. 964 – Raw Heathen of Kwato ………………… 188 Hinduism, Product of …………………….. 2'60 – Results of Rent Profiteering in ………… 710 Home Mission Leaders ……………………. 16'7 – Sunday Service in Khama's Place of As- Immigrant Woman and Child …………….. 31 sembly ……………………………….. 369 Immigrants, Teaching Turkish Albanian …. 600 – Superior lIa Type ……………………… 14 India, Benares Temples and Bathing Ghats.. 39 – Typical Baluba Village ………………… 17 – Bishop Thoburn Baptizing Converts ……. 244 African Boys in School at Tunis ………….. 433 – Coming Generation in …………………. 43 – Children, Homes of …………………….. 435 – Crowd of Hindus at Mela ……………… 49() – Christians, Church in Rhodesia Built by . 711 – Destruction of Government Buildings …. 40 – King and one of his Wives …………….. 173 – Girls' Boarding School, Gujerat ……….. 42 – Teachers and Evangelists ……………… 177 – Government College Buildings, Benares … 41 Africans, Dr. Springer Addressing Crowd of 709 – Group of "Untouchables" ………………. 255 Australasia, Village of New Guinea ………. 164 – Hut Used for Village School …………… 258 Bell, Rev. and Mrs. W. C…………………. 175 – Traveling Evangelists …………………. 109 Boys In New York. Club ………………….. 703 – Woman's Christian College, Madras ……. 259 Boys' Hammer and Saw Club …………….. 543 Indian Bread Makers, Hopi ………………. 685 BUrma, Rangoon Mission Press Room ……. 294 – Christians at Annual Conference ………. 262 Camp Fire Girls Around Council Fire ……. 539 – Maiden. Cherokee ……………………… 689 Children in America, Oriental ……………. 524 – PhYSician and Bride …………………… 2,61 – Neglected City …………………………. &21 – Student at Home ……………………….. 687 – Playground for City ……………………. 523 – Y. M. C. A. Camp ……………………… 692 – Playing on Church Lawn ………………. 541 Indians, Presbyterian Church Built by …… 693 Ohina, Bible School Students ……………… 105 Japan, After the Fire in Baptist TabernaCle 888 – Building the Churclj in ………………… 84 – American Friends' SchOOl, Tokyo ……… 78~ – Communion Service inChun Shan ……… 99 – Bronze Buddha. Kamakura …………….. 782 – Country Village In …………………….. 439 – Buddhist Sunday School Rally in ……… 800 – Devotional Service in Gen. Feng's Army " 33?' – Buddhist TeIIljple Festival in …………… 772 – Gen. Feng and Two Officers …………… 344 – Class in Deaf-Oral School ……………… 788 – Gen. Feng and Christian Officers ………. 343 – Crowd of Refngees', Tokyo …………….. 888 – Gen. Feng Burning Opium : ……………. 351 – Evangelizing PluIIljbers of Omi ………… 907 – Gen. Feng's Army at Prayer …………… 353 – Ferris Seminary, yokohama …………… 782 – Gen. Feng's Officers Assembled for Bible – Fireswept Ginza, Tokyo ……………….. S88 Study …………………………………. 347 – Fissures in Yokohama Pavement ………. SS8 – Gen. Feng's Sbldlers Praying for Rain …. · 348 – Gradnating Class. Bible Training School 782 – House Boat in …………………………. 97 – Houses Thrown Down by Earthquake …. 888 – Nanking Students in Library ………….. 1m – Images of Jigo in Old …………………. 821 – Portrait of Gen. Feng ………………….. 345 – In the Slnms of Kobe …………………. 808 _ Rnral Sunday School ………………….. 108 – Kindergarten, Children Playing ……….. 893 rC-hCi nhersies t iAannt iF- Ca mi gialrye t t.e. . Poster . … . … . …. . … !n4 – Launch Used in Omi Mission …………… 908 …….. … . … . …. . … 443 – Main Building of Omi Hospital ………… 911 – Girls, Rescued …………………………. 441 – Meij! Gakuin, Tokyo …………………… 782 – Girls Rescued in San Francisco Mission .. 893 – Methodist Episcopal Middle School, Tokyo 782 _ Soldiers, Baptismal Service for ………… 349 – Methodist Protestant Church, Yokohama . 782 Chowdhuri, John …………………………. 111 – Mission Kindergarten, Matsuyama …….. 789 Christmas Tree, Summer …………………. 92S – Omi S. S. Teaohers' Meeting …………… 900 CUfton Springs Conference Group ………… 716 ~ Protestant Episcopal University, Tokyo .. 782 Congo, Contrasts on the Belgian ………….. 4 – Refugees Crowding Trains, Tokyo ……… S88 Constantinople, Refugees in ………………. 288 – Refugees Fleeing from Flames, Tokyo …. 888 _ Turkish Boy Scouts ……………………. 287 – Results of lilarthQuake at Hakone ……… 8M _ Turkish Children of ……………………. 28tI – Ruins of Methodist Publishing House •. 888 Feng, General Yu-shlang …………………. 597 – Salvation Army Headquarters, Tokyo ….. 782 II Page Page – Scene after Fire In Tokyo ……………… 888 Mo~ta.na., Assembling for Annual Meeting …. 119 – Scenes from ……………………………. 782 – ' Jesus Meeting" of Crow Indians ……… 123 – Southern Baptist Church, Tokyo ……….. 782 – Staff and Nurses, St. Luke's Hospital …. 782 M- Sod School House …………………… .. 120 – Street In Tokyo ……………………….. 782 Timber Creek School House …………. : .. 121 -, Temple of a Thousand Gods, Kyoto …….. 788 oslem Periodicals ………………………. 267 – The Yoshiwara in Ruins, Tokyo ……….. 888 – To Fence, Teaching young …………….. 82'5 – Women Without Christ ………………… 299 – View of Tokyo in Flames ……………… 888 Mountaineers' Cabin, Tennessee ………….. 279 – Watering Paddy Fields ………………… 785 Negro Race, Inspiration to ……………….. 917 – Woman's Union Christian College, Tokyo ~S2 – Village, Model …………………………. 453 – Worshippers at Temple ………………… 787 Negroes, Boy Architect and House He Built 918 – Wreck of Chapel of Aoyama Gakuin …… 888 – New Type Schoolhouse …………………. 9 1 – Y. M. C. A. Headquarters, Tokyo ………. 78J – Old Type Schoolhouse ………………….. 920 – Y. W. C. A. Headquarters, Tokyo ………. 783 – "Pig Club" ……………………………. 919 – Yokohama and Harbor …………………. 782 Japanese Book Store, Destroyed by Earth- New Guinea. Heathen …………………….. 187 – – Mission House at Kwato …………….. 193 quake …………………………………. 888 – – Native, Typical ……………………… 379 – Christmas Advertisement ………………. 791 – – Natives, Teaching the Bible to ………. 191 – Ex-Prisoners, T. Hara and …………… 964 – – New Buildings Needed at Kwato ……. 193 – Girls in Rescue Home, Osaka ………….. 850 Phinney, F. D. . ………………………….. 293 – Mission Kindergarten, Armistice Day in " 819 Oxford, International Missionary Council .. , 839 – Salvation Army Officers ………………… 8()2 Pageant "The Way," Tableau in …………. 845 Java Converts from Mohammedanism …….. 364 Kagawa, Toyohiko ………………………… 8()6 Papua., Ambulance at Kwato Station ……… 383 – With Children of the Slums ……………. 809 Kago, Papuan Evangelist …………………. 189 p.- Leaving for loo-Mile Journey ………….. 381 Kindergarten Children with Flower Baskets 928 Outstation 8cl:ool ……………………… 377 Korea, School at Sin Chow ……………….. 449 IOneer Church III Oklahoma …………….. 512 Korean Christian Addressing Gen. Feng's Russia., Cathedral of Christ, Moscow …….. 617 Soldiers ………………………………. 627 – Inscription in Moscow …………………. 611 Kuyper, Jennie M………………………… 782 Sadbu Sundar Singh ……………………… 44 Leper Asylum in Venezuela ………………. 705 ~cenes from the World in Weymouth, Mass. 465 LinCOln Memorial University ……………… 281 Madras College Chapel …………………..1011 couts, Group of Boy …………………….. 537 Mexican Cilild, "After Taking" …………… 531 Scudder, Dr. Ida and Gertrude Dodd …….. 133 – – "Before Taking" ……………………. 530 – Girls, Industrial School for ……………. 529 Sia.m, Boys' Scbool '" …………………… 979 MeXicans, Community House for …………. 359 – Graduate of Boys' School …………….. 981 Mexico, The Key to the Situation ………… 361 Siamese School ………………………….. 985 Migrant Work, Checker Boards …………… 308 – Yeung Woman ……………………….. 983 – – "London Bridge" ……………………. 306 Siberia, Peter, MetrOPOlitan of …………… 615 – – Toothbrush Drill …….. ….. .. .. .. . .. …. ~07 Sudan, Women of the ………………….. 999 Migrant Workers' Children, "Little Mothers" 515 Thoburn, Bishop James M………………… ~63 – – Inside Home of ……………………… 517 – – Living in Auto ……………………… 516 – James at 23 ……………………………. 265 – – Shack ……………………………… , 519 Topping, Mrs. Henry …………………….. 812 MiSSionary Works, Where the City ………. 640 Uemura, Dr………………………. (Insert) 782 Modern Church in Oklahoma …………….. 513 Washington Monument, Booker …………… 917 Wives of General F'eng's Omcers ………. 973 Women's Work, ViSiting Nurse ………….. 639 Yajima, Madame Kaj! ……………………. 812 Y. M. C. A. Building, New Colored ……….. 26! – Conference of Colored Men ……………. 201 – Service in Fresh Air Camp …………….. 500 AUTHORS Page Dornblaser, E. H …………………………h . 3~00 Abel, Charles W ………………………. 187, 377 grach, George ……………………………. 456 Ano, K ……………………………………. 890 duu'}!f~sfs', ~: ::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::: ~:i Armstrong, A. E ………………………….. 899 Flwing, Sir .r. C. R. ………………………. n9 Aurell, Karl E ……………………………. 925 Axling, William ………………………….. 791 Fahs, Sophia Lyon ……………………… 976 Baker, Benson ……………………………. 449 Farmer, Rev. Harry ……………………… 263 Ferguson, Frances M. . …………………… 392 Barker, C. Starr ………………………….. 293 Ferguson, Mrs. Walter ……………………717 Barton, James L ………………………….. 891 Ferguson, W. L …………………………. 255 Bell, W. C……………………………….. 173 F'orhush. William Byron …………………. 533 Ford, James Tooker ……………………..lOW Beynon, E. D. .. ………………………….. 631 Franklin, R. O. .. ……………………….. 979 Bloom, W. Knighton ……………………… 525 Fr~ase, Edwin F ………………………….. 433 Fu ton, George W. . ………………………. 9??' Bolitho, Archie A…………………………. 924 Garritt. J. C. …………………………….. 22 Rosanouet, Amy C………………………… 816 Gates, Herbert W. . ………………………. 553 Boyd, Mrs. William ………………………. 741 Gleason, George …………………………. M2 Goforth, Rosalind ………………………. : 973 Brain, Belle M……………………………. 343 Gordon, Mrs. Thos. D. . …………………… 645 Brokaw, Harvey ………………………….. 777 Flamilto'l. PH.'lline Ernst ……………….439, 947 Hara, Tailchi …………………………. '" 986 Bronson, Julia H. .. ………………………. 891 Brown, Sara A……………………………. 515 ii:~:~/LC,O:': ::::: :::::::::::: :::::::: ::::::: ~ Browning, Webster E ………………….704, 73'" iiassel, .T. Woodrow………………………. 27 Bryant, Allce C. .. ………………………… 296 Bulkley, Daisy McLain …………………… 469 .FI:~:!teg. c;e c. ·. :. :::….. :::… :… :…. ::… ~.4: ~~; Burgess, Paul …………………………….. 204 Hope, Josephine …………………………..1002 Burke. Charles H. ………………………… 376 Horne, Dorothy M. . ………………………. 926 Hwang Cb'ing ……………………………. 6?7 CarJ1ichael, Amy Wilson …………………. 895 1.;1eh art, Edwin T ………………………… 923 Cary, Otis ………………………………… 826 Jenkins, W. F ……………………………. 926 Cogswell, Franklin D. .. ………………….. 559 .Judson, Adoniram ………………………… 129 Kagawa. Toyohiko ……………………….. 805 Cole, Raymond E. ………………………… 29 Kano, Hisaaklra …………………………. 824 Conning. John Stuart …………………….. 635 Kumm, H. K. W ………………………….. 736 Kyle, Alice M………….302, 395, 472, 569, 646, '741 Converse, Guy C. . ………………………… 906 CraWford, Raymond N ……………………. 289 Cress, G. Cl i ffor d . … …………….. ..m..,. . …. 119 Cronk, Mrs. E. C. .. …………….. 1~3. 'lIY1, 2$5, 386, 463, 559, 641, 649, 732, 841, 9ZT, 1009 Curtis, Frederick S. . …………………….. 890 Curtes, Helen Pierson ……………………. 891 Dening, Henry …………………………….. 552 Detweiler, Charles S. …… .. ………….. 460 Page Reed, Anna Stevens ………………………Pa1~; Lacy, G. Carleton ………………………… 445 Lamott, Willis ……………………………. 925 Riggs, Charles T ………………………. 783: 607 Latourette, K. S. …………………………. 93 Riggs, Ernest W ……………………….182 779 Lley, A. V. . ……………………………… 457 Rin?ge, Fred H ………………………….. .' 603 Limouze, Arthur Henry ………………….. 5'41 Robmson, Harold McA……………………. 556 Lippard, C. K. …. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . .• 996 Roundy, Rodney W. •…………………. 453 685 Lobenstine, E. C. . ………………..•……..1(}13 Sadhu Sundar Singh …………………….. .' 178 Lovejoy, Owen R …………………………. 509 Sailer, T. H. P …………………………… 125 Mann, A. R. . …………………………….. 383 ~ChUltZ, Gertrude … 302, 395, 472, 569, 646, 741, 935 Manning, C. E. . ………………………….. 373 McCombs. Vernon M……………………… 529 cotto Charles E. . ………………………… 714 McConnell, Dorothy ………………………. 701 Shepherd, Charles R. …………………….. 893 McLean, Robert N. . ………………………. 359 Speer, Robert E ………………………… 33, 195 Miller, Kenneth D. . ………………………. 521 Spencer, David S. .. ………………………. 830 Miller, Mrs. E. H …………………………. 448 Springer, Mrs. John M……………………. 709 Mills, John Nelson ……………………….. 355 Squires, Walter Albion …………………… 548 Moton, Robert R. …………………………. 917 Staples, Hsnry E. .. ………………………. 926 Mott, John R. …………………………….. 54 Stauffer, Milton T ………………………113 620 Moyser, William ………………………….• 38 Stowell, Jay S. .. ………………………… .' 511 Murray, J. Lovell ………………………… 9 Taylor, J. Hudson ………………………… 277 Myers, H. W … , ………………………….. 8(}7 Taylor, Mills J. ………………………….. 45 Myers, Harry S•…………………..•…….• 295 Tenny, Mrs. Charles B……………………. 892 Napp, James E ……………………………. 273 Tobias, Channing H ………………………. 201 Niebel, B. H. ……………………………… 21 Topping, Mrs. Henry ……………………… 812 Oltmans, A. ………………………………. 912 Upson, Arthur T …………………………. 131 Ostrom, H. Conrad ……. : ………………… 790 Vickrey, C. V…………………………….. 278 Oyler, Mrs. D. S. . ………………………… 999 Vinson, T. C. . …………………………. .47, 432 Parker, Rebecca J ………………………… 109 Parmenter, Mary F. . …………………….. 104 Wainright, S. H ……………….. '" …….. 991 Patton, Charles E. ……………………….. W Webster, Daniel ………………………….. 547 Paxton, Jean Grigsby …………………….. 925 Wheeler, W. Reginald ……………………. 179 White, Edith H …………………………… 637 ~~~r~;: ~it~n ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::lm Williamson, Gladys Parker ………….. i ….• 279 Willoughby, W. C. ……………………….. 13 Peeke, H. V. S……………………………. 892 Wolf, John N …………………………….. 390 Polhemus, Sarah E ………………… 58,137, 215 Wyland, Ray O. . …………………………. 536 Peabody, Mrs. H. W. 302, 395, 472, 569, 646, 741, 837 Yamamuro, Gunpel ………………………. 801 Quinlan, Florence E ……………………… . Zwemer, S. M……………………….87, 267, 364 55, 139, 211, 306, 393, 469, 566, 650, 745, 851, 931 ARTICLES.AND NEWS Page Page Abyssinia, Facts About …………………… 475 – King, Letter from an ………………….. 429 – Seeks, What …………………………… 475 – Kings, Two ……………………………. 413 Afghanistan, Consul from ………………… 149 – Student Union, The ……………………. 486 – Progress in ……………………… :…… 69 Alaska Brotherhood, An ………………….. 156 Africa, "All in One Lifetime" ……………. 943 – Church in Metlakatla ………………….. 407 – Bantu Presbyterian Church ……………. 757 – Cooperation In …………………………. 318 – Blood Covenant In, T. C. Vinson ………. 432 – Report …………………………………. 652 – Changed Town …………………………. 579 Albanian Girls, For ………………………. 943 – Coming of the Bible ……………………. 655 Aliens, Unusual School for ………………..1025 – Delicate Situation ……………………… 41~ America, Leprosy in South, Webster E. – Development in Ashanti ……………….. 475 – Dr. Law's Preaching …………………… 864 Browning ……………………………… 704 – Governing Khama's People …………….. 476 American Board Receipts …………………. 63 – Hausas in Tunis, A. V. Liley ………….. 457 – Churches, Appeal to …………………… 758 – In 1922, H. K. W. Kumm ……… : ………. 736 – National Missions ………………………1()24 – Inland Mission …………………………. 476 Americans, First …………………………. 315 – Khama. Christian Chief of, J. C. Harris .. 365 Anglo-Indian Christianity ………………… 228 – Khama's Successor …………………….. 757 Argentina, Neglected ……………………… 868 Armenian Sunday School, An …………….. 58(} – !fh:tma',S ,Testimony", , ………………….. 864 Armenians in Bulgaria …………………… 66 – KikuVI IS Praying ……………. , ……. 656 Army Chaplains, U. S…………………….. 573 – King Helps Build Roads ……………….. 944 Asia M!no!, Ch.urc,!es Broken Up …………. 69 – King Khama's Testimony ……………… 2211 – – MISSIonarIes In ……………………… 68 – Letter from Dan Crawford …………….. 865 Assam, Christian Progress In …………….. 862 – Lutherans in East ……………………… 71 Atheism, Aim to Spread ………………….. 665 – Marvels of Progress …………………… 150 Australia, Bible Revival in ………………. 92 – Mission Education In, J. du Plessis …….. 435 Australian Aboriginees …………………… 489 – Modern Slavery in …………………….. 757 – Nurses' Movement ……………………… 949 – New Opportunities in North, Edwin F. Bandits In China …………………………1()37 Baptist Centenary, Southern ……………… 155 Frease ………………………………… 433 – Denominational Convention ……………. 939 – New Plans for Lovedale ……………….. 324 – Finances, Southern …………………….. 663 – Paris Evangelical Society ……………… 323 – Laymen's Movement …………………… 761 – Plea of Chlquetecoli, Wm. C. Bell ……… 173 – Program, A New ………………………. 663 – Present Crisis in ………………………. 338 – World Conference ……………………… 872 – Protected if a Christian ……………….. 944 Baptists In Europe ……………………….. 321 – Salvaging the Cargo …………………… 944 – Work of Southern ……………………… 62 – Slave Trade Revived ……………….151, 678 Belgian Congo, Ten Years In the, T. C;'" – Slavery in Togoland …………………… 944 – Study of Souls In Central, W. C. Wil- Vinson …………………………………., 47 Belgium. Gospel Hunger in ……………….. 152 loughby …………… , ……. '" ………… 13 – Not Devils but Angels ………………… ~ 653 – Tale of Rent Profiteers in, Mrs. John M. Bengal, New Woman in …………………… 658,.: Best Methcds, Edited by Mrs. E. C. Cronk,51,' Springer ………………………………. 709 – Training Evangelists …………………… 476 133, 207, 295, 386, 468, 559, 641, 732, 841, 927,1009: – Unworked Field In West ………………. 656 Bible and Progress in Greece …………….. '~24 – Woman's Heroism ……………………… 756 – and State Laws. The …………………… 761 African Boy Scouts ………………………. 71 – Churchman'S Missionary Society, The '… ','. ·.4116 ' – Chief. Tablet to ……………………….. 865 – for Prince Regent, A …………….. : …. ;'; 864 – Girl, Story of an, Josephine Hope……..1002 – in Germany, The ……………………….. illS – Internationale …………………………. 578 Page – Catholic Missions in …………………..~a11: – in Italian Prisons ……………………… 65 – Institute, National …………………….. 760 – Century after Morrison ………………… 751 ~ Modern Ignorance of the ………………. 576 – Child Labor in Hong Kong …………….. 444 – Power in the Word ……………………. 425 – Christian Business Man ………………… 753 – Revival in Australia …………………… 92 – – Leadership In ……………………….. 85 -' Sales In Punjab ……………………….. 310 – – Students at Nanking ………………… 947 – Schools, Vacation ………………………. 155 – – Women Organize ……………………. 584 – Teachers for China, Training, Mary F. – Chr!st!an!tr in (Extracts from Reports) .. 113 Parmenter …………………………….. 104 – Chrlstlamzmg Industry ………………… 312 – World's Best Seller ……………………. 490 – Church Growth Amid Brigandage ……… 584 Bibles in Priests' Houses ………………… 854 – Community Church Movement …………. 752 Bibles for Japan ……………………….•..1038 – Educational Com,m,lssion to ……………. 125 Blind, Religious Privileges for the (Report) 853 – Elder Tu and the Stolen Church Money, Bolivia, Indians of ……………………….. 318 Charles E. Scott ………………………. 714 Bolshevism in China ……………………… 401 – Feng's Army …………………………… 480 Bolshevists and Christianity ……………… 410 – Forward Steps in Yunnan ……………..·.·232 – in England Young …………………….. 576 – Gift to Y. W. C. A…………………….. 482 Bombay, Another "Conscience Clause" …… 229 – Helping Ricksha Men ………………….. 313 – Reorganization in ……………………..1035 – Home Life in, Pauline E. Hamilton ……. 41lll- Boy Scouts, African ……………………… 71 – How a Missionary Works in, Charles E. Boys and Girls, American ………………… 501 Patton ………………………………… 97 Boys' Workers, World Conference of ……… 602 – in 1923 E. C. Lobenstine ………………..1()13 Brazil, Believers in ………………………. 487 – Increase in Secret Societies ……………. 660 – Book Stores in …………………………. 665 China Inland Mission and Education …….. 74 – Effect of Revolution on School …………. 759 – – – Growth ………. . . .. .. . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. 660 – How the Gospel Entered ………………. 408 – Inspired Interpreter ……………………. 583 – New Method In ………………………… 868 – International Church ………………….. 7&1 – Protestant Centenary in ……………….. 319 – New Religion in ……………………….. 428 Brazilian Sunday School Teachers ……….. 487 – New Stage in MiSSions in, K. S. La- Britain's Boxer Indemnities ………………. 230 tourette ……………………………….. 93 British Conference, Annual ……………….. 941 – Notable Pastor …………………………. 861 – Labor and Religion ……………………. 222 – Officials and Gentry Baptized ………….. 401 – Laymen's Movement …………………… 758 – "On the Ways," New, J. C. Garritt ……. 22 – Societies, Controversy in ………………. 64 – Overwhelming Opportunity ……..,' …….. 582 – Student Volunteers …………………….. 151 – Peace Movement in ……………………. 401 Buddhism and Christianity …………….. : .. 855 – Political Ontlook in ……………………. 858 – Siam the Last Stand of, John Nelson Mills 355 – Prayer Meetings for Officials ………….. 588 Buddhist Activity in America …………….. 941 – Present Perils in ………………………. 249 – Opposition ……………………………… 315 – Progress In South ……………………… 860 – Peace Platform ………………………… 233 – "Rag Tag" Sunday School …………….. 948 Buddhists, Invitation from ……………….. 862 – Reform Society Organized …………….. 860 Bulgaria, Armenians in ………………….. 66 – Return of Opium ………………………. 143 – Preaching in …………………………… 654 – Retnrns on Investment ………………… 232 – Revival In ……………………………… 410 – Shall We Send Fewer Missionaries to, Burma, HUman Sacrifice in ……………….. 946 Milton T. Stauffer ……………………. 620 – Rangoon Press, C. Starr Barker ……….. 293 – Soldier Evangelist …………………….. 947 – Religious Forces in, Raymond N. Crawford 289 – Training Bible TeaChers for, Mary F. Burmese Worker, A ………………………. 2f9 Parmenter ……………………………. 104 C. M. S. Faces Forward, The …………….. 653 – Two Missionaries Murdered ……………. 947 Cairo, Commencement in …………………. 756 – Unoccupied …………………………….. 254 – Students in …………………………….. 663 – Western Education in …………………. 751 Camp Fire Work, Scouting and, Ray O. China's Renaissance, Bible and, G. Carleton Lacy ………………………………….. 445 Wyland ……………………………….. 536 Canada, Church Figures from ……………. 664 Chinese Boxer Indemnities ……………….. 859 – Church Union In ………………….. 681, 1025 – Business Man, Gift of …………………. 231 – Church, Aims of ……………………….. 142 – Cooperation Among Churches of, C. E. Manning ………………………………. 373 – – Future Task of the …………………. 696 Canadian Student Conference …………….. 317 – – in Cuba ……………………………… 760 Cannibals Ask for Teachers ………………. 70 – Club Woman, Christian ………………… 481 Canton College Growth……………… …… 74 – Girl Slavery In America, Charles R. Shep- herd ………………………………….. 893 Catholic Missions in China ……………….. 144 Cat.holicism, French Priests Marrying ……. 320 – Governor's Gift ………………………… 132 – Peru alid the Vatican ………………….. 319 – Greatest Living ………………………… 583 Central America, Task in ………………… 575 – Home Missions ……………………… 311, flj10 Child, Home Missions and the, Jay S. Stowell 511 – Judge Baptized ………………………..1036 – Legislation in Colorado ………………… 870 – Leaders, Training ……………………… 480 Chjl~ren, Arnone: Ozark …………………… 938· – Martyr, A ……………………………… 860 – Social Settlement, A …………………… 232 – Missionary Education for, Sophia Lyon Fahs ………………………………….. 976 – Student Vo'Iunteers …………………….. 73 – Students and Christianity ……………… 24" – of Migrant Workers, Neglected, Sara A. Brown '" ……………………………… 515 – Woman's Work ………………………… 1~2 – of the City, Neglected, Kenneth D. Miller 521 Christian Endeavor Growth ………………. 23n Chile, Catholic Bishop's Tribute ………….. 759 – Literature, Large Gift for ……………… 58 – Changed Situation in ………………….. 88 – Missions, An Enterprise of Hope, R. E. Speer …………………………………. 190 – Earthquake, After the …………………. 937 – Friendliness In ………………. , ………. 576 0.hristie ReAIe:ns, Dr. Dugald …………….. fil!4 – New Era Movement In …………………. 407 Christmas Bells (Poem) ………………… .1()W – Relief Work in ………………………… 221 Church is Doing, What One, Arthur Henry Llmouze ………………………………. 541 China, Actfvitles of Brigands …………….. 479 – Among the Miao ………………………… 74 Church of All Nations ……………………. 316 – Anti-0.hristian ProJ}aganda …………….. 609 Church Program for the Immigrant, A, Ray- mond E. Cole………………………….. 29 _ Antl-Foot-Blnding Move …………….312, 752 – – by Bandits ………………………….1007 – Union-Two Evang-elical Denominations . – Atta~ked by Soldiers …………………… 947 Unite. B. H. Niebel …………………… 91 – Bandits In Honan ……………………… 73 Citizenship, Conference for Better ………. 967 – Bible Encyclopedia for ………………… 750 – Insurance, Home Training as, William – – Institute in Hunan ………………….. 584 Byron Forbush ……………………….. 533 – – Society Secretary ……………………. 948 Colombia as a Mission Field ……………..• 487 – – Women and Bandits ………………… 859 – Christian Employees Wanted ………….. 408 – Blind School in Canton ………………… 752 – New Thing- in ………………………….. 319 – Boxer Indemnity Plans ………………… 481 Community Church Conference …………… 662. Page Federated POSSibilities, Mrs. E. C. Cronk …~a6~i – – Rural ……………………………….. 931 Federation of Christian Women ………….. 472 – Work ………………………………….. 55 – Woman's Boards of Foreign MiSSions …•l019 – – in Cleveland, Ohio, Arthur Henry – Proposed, New ………………………….. 218 Feng, General, and Social Service, Mrs. Limouze ………………………………. 541 Congo Revival, A ……………•…………… 413 Jonathan Goforth …………………….. 973 Congo Station, A New ……………………1032 Feng. Yu-shiang, Christian General. Belle M. – Ten Years In the Belgian, T. C. Vinson.. 41 Constantinople, Outlook in ……………….. 227 Brain …………………………………. 343 – Refugees in ……………………………. 411 Feng's Army, General. Hwang Ch'ing …….. 627 – Searching for Facts in, Charles T. Riggs. 283 Fil~p~no Stndents, W!nning ………………• ~ Cooperation Among Churches in Canada, C. Flilpmos, Church UnlOn Among ……… c…. "lIlO – Sacrifices of ……………………………. 665 E. Manning …………………………… 373 Finnish Mission Work ……………………. 66 – in Canada ……••………………………. 15~ Foreign Missions at Bethlehem …………… 89 – In Home Missions ………………….869,574 Foreigner, The Child of the, Dorothy Mc- – Montana, Denominational,' G. Clifford Connell ……………………………….. 701 Cress …………………………………. 119 Foreigners-New Americans ………………. 93L – West …………………………………… 574 Formosa. Fifty Years in North, A. E. Arm- – Interracial …………………………….. 469 Cooperative Movements In China …………. 401 strong ………………………………… 899 Country Church, Farmers and the, A. R. France, Fighting Alcohol in ………………. 8M – Rural Protestants in …………………… 708 Mann …………………………………. 383 – Temperance Work in ………………….. 488 Crawford, Carrie Lena ………………….. 1010 French-"Junior Republic" ……………….. 634 Cuba, Chinese Church in …………………. 760 – Priests Marrying ………………………. 320 Cuba's Educational Needs ………………… 574 – Protestants, Unity of ……………. '…….. 222 Czecho-Slovakla, Church in ………………. 943 Frontiers. Overcoming Handicaps on the, W. – – Outlook in …………………•…….•..1030 Czecho-Slovaks Eager for Truth ………….. 66 Knighton Bloom ………………………. 525 Danish Missionary Crisis ………. ,………. 66 Gandhi and His Wife …………………….. 147 Decalogue a Novelty ……………………… 220 German Bishops' Appeal …………………. 866 Dea.ths- – Churches, Need in ……………………… 321 – Ayer, Francis W ……………………….. 331 – – Unite ……………………………….. 66 – Allen, Dr. Arthur H., of New York ……. 590 – Missions. British Limits on ……………. 490 – Clark, Rev. Joseph B., of Brooklyn …… 769 – – In Hunan …………………………… 74 – Doolittle, Rev. Geo. C., of Syria ……….. 157 – – Status of ……………………………. 223 – Eddy, Dr. Mary Pierson, of Syria ……… 956 Germany, Bible in ……………………….. 153 – Fitch, Rev. George F., of China ……….. 331 – – Study In Prague ……………………. 321 – Forsyth, Rev. Robert C., of China …….. 239 – Relglon in …………………………..759. 866 – Hail, Rev. Alexander Durham, of Japan .. 769 – Students' Crusade ……………………… 152 – Kinnaird, Lord, of London …………….. 331 – Larsen, Rev. Lauritz …………………… 239 Gldeons' Bibles ……………………………1026 – Macdonald, Dr. James A., of Toronto ….. 590 Giving-How Koreans Give……………….. 75 – Mason, Rev. Alfred De Witt, of Brooklyn 331 Gospel in Industry, The ………………….. 142 – McGilvary, Mrs. Sophia, of China ……… 769 – Interpreted by Life, The, Toyohiko – Messer, L. Wilbur, of Chicago …………. 7~9 – Schultz, Rev. D. L., of Philadelphia …… 595 Kagawa ………………………………. 805 – Smith, Dr. Wilton Merle, of New York … 956 Greece, Bible and Progress in ……………. 424 – Stewart, Lyman, of Los Angeles ……….. 956 – New Life in Old. Charles T. Riggs …….. 007 – Strack, Prof. Herman L., of Berlin ……. 239 – Plain Speaking in ……………………… 489 – Thoburn, Bishop James, of India ………. 157 – Problems in …………………………… 867 – Torrance, Dr. David W., of Palestine ….. 956 Greek Patriarch. The …………………….. 863 – Wanamaker, John, of Philadelphia ……. 157 Guatemala, New Station in ………………. 575 – Webster, Rev. James, of Manchuria …… 769 Haiti, Nosirel L'Herisson, Apostle of, Charles – Wood, Rev. Thos. B., of South America … 239 Deficits, Boards Facing …………………… 869 S. Detweiler ………………………….. 460 Denominational Standards, Raising ………. 504 Hausas in Tunis. Among the, A. V. Liley … 457 DiSCiples, Forty Years Progress ………….. 155 Kawaii, Center of Helpfulness ……………. 586 Dutch Reformed Reorganization ………….. 761 Ecuador-Protestants and Earthquake ……. 86& – Japanese In ……………………………. 8n Education-Coming Generation …………… 762 – Department, New ………………………. 938 Hebrews ………………………………….. 139 – in Africa, MISSion, J. du Plessis ………. 435 Holland Leads, Where ……………………. 223 – India's Need for Christian, Benson Baker 449 Home Missionary Progress, Signs of ……… 885 – Making Missions Through Missionary, – Missions and the Child. Jay S. Stowell … 511 – – at Atlantic City …………………….. 165 Gertrude Schultz ……………………… 935 – – Life Service in ………………………. 405 – New Materials for Missionary, Franklin – Training as Citizenship Insurance, Wil- D. Cogswell …………………………… 559 liam Byron Forbush ………………….. 5~3 – Religious VB. Christian, Harold McA. Rob- Huguenots and Walloons …………………. 483 Hungary. Growth of Religious Freedom in, inson …………………………………. 556 – State University Experiment ….'…… , " .. 7Rl E. D. Beynon ………….. . …………… 631 Educational Commission to China, The ….. 125 Illiter2.cy in America. Overcoming Spiritual. Egypt, Church in ………………………… 150 – Independent ……………………………. 70 Walter Albion Squires ………………… 548 – Proved His Conversion ………………… ??41 – Asset or Liability? The. Fred .J. Rlnd~e 603 – Religious Liberty In …………………..1()31 Immigrant, Church Program for the, Ray- – Sherwood Eddy in ……………………… 578 – United Front In, S. M. Zwemer ………… 86 mond E. Cole …………………………. 29 – W('men in ……………………………… 70 India., Argument on Idolatry ……………… 861 Fgyotian Life, Force in ………………….. 864 – Bible Lessons in Schools ………………. 582 lllnglaIld-<no:lo-Catholic Jdeal ……………. 8R" – – Study in Schools ……………………. 399 English Churches, Council of …………….1029 – Bishop Azariah's Success ……………… 148 Englishwoman's Heroism, An …………….. 754 – Cas~e a Live Issue ……… : ……………. 75l li'lniscopal General Cnnvention ……………. ~ 6' – ChrIst and Sadhu Sundar Smgh ……….. 11g- – Christian Conference, AlI- …………….. 309 Europe, American Christians' Responsibility 337 – Christian Statesman …………………… 945 – ReligiOUS Conditions in ………………… 600 – College Notes from, Miss A. B. Van Doren 646 – Sunday Schools In ……………………… 653 – Conscience Clause in Bombay………….. 71 Flvangelism, Church Army ……………….. 152 – Continuing Ramabai's Work …………… 72 Evangelist. From Suffra~ette to …………… 870 – Converted Devil Priests ……………….. 58~ Evangelistic Campaign In Chicago ……….. 6M. – ConvertR bv Force Retu.rn ………………. 147 Flxhibits. Missionary ……………………… 463 – Demon Cast Out ………………………. 229 Fxnendltures, Comparative Missionary …… 762 – Estimate of Gandhi ……………………. 399 Federal Council of Churches ……………… 218 – F.x"rcising ~vi.1 Rnir-its ………………… 6"FiR – E-Sorcerer's Flock, An ………………… 72 – In 19'2. Sir J. C. R. Ewing …………….. 739 – in the Melting Pot, Wm. Moyser ………. 38 – "Krist. Ashram" ……………………….. 47~ – Medicine Men ………………………….1026 Page Page – Mission to Aristocracy of, Rebecca J. – – Religion in ………………………….. 233 Parker ……………………………….. 109 – News from Devastated Areas in ……….. 889 – Missionary Service in ………………….. 658 – 1922 in, J. G. Dunlop …………………… 847 – Missions and Social Reform …………….. 479 – Opportunities for Christian Education In, – Mrs. Starr's Hospital ………………….. 945 C. K. Lippard ………………………… 996 – Nationalists Quote Bible ……………… 399 – Power of the Wiord …………………….. 854 – Native Guides for Masses ……………… 479 – Preaching to Railway Men …………….. 856 – New Opportunity In, W. L. Ferguson ….. 255 – Rep{)rts from Devastated Area ………… 781 – Nuranie Pulls Her Blinds Up, Amy Wil- – Results of Kanamori's Work ………….. 748 son Qarmichael ………………………. 695 – Self-Support in …………………………. 404 – Outcaste Mass Meeting ………………..1035 – Social Evil in Gunpei Yamamuro ………. 801 – Scotch Centenary in ……………………. 147 – Social Problems in …………………….. 314 – Signs of the Times in, James E. Napp …. 273 – Some Anti-Christian Forces In, William – Singing Evangelism ……………………. 754 Axling ………………………………… 791 – Sundar Singh Still Living … '…………… 861 – Students Baptized ……………………… 482 – Tana Bhagat Movement ……………….. 71 – Success of Kimura's Meetings ………… 855 – Temperance Teaching in ……………….. 861 – Successful Tent Meetings ……………… 949 – Truth About …………………………… 309 – Temperance for ………………………… 748 – Turning Point in …………….. .'………. 229 – Toyohiko Kagawa ……………………… 314 – Union Educational Efforts ……………… 946 – Unfinished Tasks in, David S. Spencer … 830 – Untabulated Influence ………………….. 754 – Voluntary Church Union ………………. 749 – Veteran's Service ………………………. 582 – Woman Movement in ………………….. 145 – Women Organize in ……………………1035 Japanese-Americans ……………………… 941 – Would Be Christian ……………………. 146 Are Reading, What the, S. H. Wainright .. 991 Indian Chief a Christian …………………. 762 – Bishops ………………………………… 585 – Church, Peril of ……………………….. 228 – Church, Union …………………………. 871 – Dances, North American ……………….. 664 – Conference, Important …………………. 856 – Mission Board, An …………………….. 581 – Ex-Prisoners, Christian Work for, T. Hara 986 – Official, Tribute from ………………….. 311 – Miners, Work for ……………………… 857 – Outcastes' Appeal (Poem), Anna Stevens – on Pacific Coast ……………………….. 871 Reed ………………………………….. 132 – – World Peace ………………………… 854 – Student Volunteers …………………….. 230 – Police Attitude ………………………… 144 – Wanls Religion, American …………….. 156 – Y. M. C. A. Leader …………………….. 948 – Woman, Tribute to an …………………. 72 Japan's Escutcheon, A Blot on, J. Woodrow "Indianization," Move toward ……………. 310 Hassel ………………………………… 'l1 Indians, Advice to ………………………… 486 – Need of Christianity, Hisaakira Kano …. 824 – Red Man in the U. S., Rodney W. Roundy 685 Java, Dutch Church in ……………………. 230 – Work Among American ………………… 155 – Missions in ……………………………. 157 Indian's Gift for His People, An, Charles H. Jew-Our Brother, The, James T. Ford …..1006 Burke ………………………………… 376 Jewish Life of Christ, A …………………. 950 – Testimony, An ………………………. ' .. 941l – Persecutions and Feasts ……………….. 666 India's Attitude toward Christ ……….167, 103~ – Statistics, Some ……………………….. 324 – Need for Christian Education, Benson . Jews Become Christians? Do …………….. 666 Baker …………………………………. 449 – Christ's Cause Among the, John St.uart – Supreme Need …………………………. 311 Conning ………………………………. 635 Indies, Christians in Dutch East …………. 400 – in New York, For ……………………… 484 Industrial Mission that Evangelizes, An, Guy C. Converse …………………………… 906 – Moslems Persecute …………………….. 478 – Work, Productive ……………………… 220 .Tudson's Missionary Message …………….. 129 Interdenominational Missionary Agencies …. 972 Kennedy School of Missions ……………… 939 International Missionary Union Report, Mrs. Khama, Christian Chief, J. C. Harris …….. 365 Walter Ferguson ……………………… 717 Korea, Banker Accepts Christ ……………. 233 Inter-racial Cooperation ………………….. HA – Changes in Thirty Years ………………. 857 – Digging and Trusting ………………….. 314 Ireland, Bible in ………………………… 1029 – Ex-Leper's Work ………………………. 234 – Protestants in …………………………. 320 – Fruits of the Gospel …………………… 404 – Revival in …………… . .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. . … 865 – Mission Schools Reoognized ……………. 857 Islam, Christ or ………………………….. 412 – New ……………………………………. 145 – One Evangelist's Audience …………….. 585 – New Caliph for ………………………… 148 – Progress and Power in ………………… 677 – Religious Education in ………………… 483 – Thousands of Converts from, S. M. – Starting a School in, Mrs. E. H. Miller … 448 Zwemer ……………………………….. s3m64 – Theological Training in ………………… 662 Italian Schools, Cruel fix in ………………. Korean Church in New York …………….. 483 Italy, Catholics in, and Ohio …………….. 1030 – Factory Girls ………………………….. 858 – Fascist! and Protestants ………………. 223 =- Progress, Figures of …………………… 146 – Politics and Religion in ……………….. 597 r~~~~~nl:s B~i~f;;' ::::::::::::::::.': .. :.'.':::.': ~ Japan and the Vatican …………………… 482 – as a Mission Field, Hilton Pedley ……… 783 – Catastrophe and Christian Missions, The. Harvey Brokaw ……………………….. 774 – Women, Conference of …………………. 75 – Christian Church in, A. OItmans ………. 912 – Women's Club …………………………. 235 – Christian Conscrif)t ……………………. 313 – – Progress in …………………………. 144 Kore..ns as Missionaries ………………….. 749 – Christianity and the Making of New, Otis – Give, How ……………………………… 75 Korea's Spiritual Outlook ……………….. 630 Cary ……………………………………. 826> – Cloud on the Sunrise Kingdom ………… 773 Lahrador, Rebuilding at Nain …………….. 871 – Dangerous Thoughts in ………………… 403 – Reindeer for …………………………… 574 – Daughter's Service …………………….. 233 – Demand for Bibles …………………….. 748 Latin America, 1922 in, Webster E. Browning 732 – Far Reaching Program on …………….. 841 – – Holy Week in Salvador …………….. 154 – Glimpses of Child Life in, Amy C. Bosan- _ – Home Missions in …………………… 64 _ – Mexican Presbyterians ……………… 63 quet ………………………………….. 817 – – Pan American Conference …………… 220 – Important Facts About ………………… 782 Lausanne, Mission Study at ………………. 577 – Industrial Mission that Evangelizes, GUY Laymen Winning Souls …………………… 61 Laymen's Conference, Southern ………….. 61 C. Converse …………………………… 006 _ Juvenile Court Records ……………. 585, 856 Lepers, Church for American …………….. 573 – General Wood and the …………………. 490 – Kagawa, Christian Labor Leader, H. W. Myers ………………………………… R07 =- Help Each other ………………………. 750 i1:~~~J~p~e:fd. :::::::: ::::: ::::::::::::: ::::: : : – Militarism on Wane ……………………. 313 – Missionary Hunger Areas in, H. Conrad Leprosy in South America, Webster E. Browning ……………………………… 7()4 Ostrom ……………………………….. 795 _ New Bishops of Tokyo and Osaka ……… 660 – World Problem …………………………lOSS – – Business Conditions …………………. 482

VIII

Page Page Lincoln, Living Memorials to, Gladys P. Wil- – Contributions to American Life, Rodney liamson ……………………………….. 219 W. Roundy ……………………………. 453 Literature-Library in a Handkerchief …… 225 – Migrations …………………………….. 573 London, New Bible College ……………….. 409 – Ministers as Students ………………….. 219 Looking. Backward over 1922 ……………… 5 – Youth, Christian Work for, Channing H. Loyalty Illlands, Loyalty in ………………. 157 Lutheran Church, Norwegian …………….. 940 Tobias ………………………………… 200 – Missionary Work, American, George Drach 457 Negroes-Boys and Girls Behind the Color – World Convention ……………………… 872 Lutherans in East Africa ………… ,…….. 71 Line, Robert R. Moton ………………… 917 Lynching, Efforts to Stop ………………… 407 – Leave the South, Why …………………. 940 – Southern Women Fight …………………10W New Zealand, Bible in ……………………. 949 Mackay, At the Grave of Alexander ………. 675 Nicaragnan Preacher, A ………………….. 221 Madras, Union Christian College ………… 1017 Nigeria-Christians and Polygamy ………. 476 Malaysia-Batak Mission …………………. 400 – Christians in ………………………….. 656 Men as Intercessors, John R. Mott ……….. 54 – New Work in '" ……………………….. 579 – Mission Study for ……………………… 52 – Persecutor Baptized ……………………. 150 Mesopotamia, Advance Step in ……………. 149 – Social Life in ………………………….. 655 – Importance of …………………………. 581 Nuranie Pulls Her Blinds Up, Amy Wilson – Missions in 'Iraq ………………………. 323 – New Work in ………………………….1034 Carmichael ……………………………. 695 – Value of ……………………………….. 478 Old World Graves and New World Chris- Methodist Budget for Year ……………….. 4{)6 . -'- Temple, Chicago's ……………………… 573 tians, Mills J. Taylor …………………. 45 – W·ork in Siberia ……………………….. 153 Opium be Legalized? Shan ………………. 480 .Methodlsts and K. of C. . …………………. 94, – in China, Return of …………………… 143 Mexican Border, On the ………………….1027 – Officially Protected …………………….. 481 – Children in the Southwest, Vernon M. – Question, The …………………………… 586 Orient, Women's Colleges In the ………….. 251 McCombs … . .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. 529 Orientals …………………………………. 931 – Presbyterians ………………………….. 63 – in California …………………………… 407 Mexicans, Getting God Counted Among the, Palestine, Difficulties in ………………….. 657 – English Jews in ……………………….. 862 Robert N. McLean ……………………. 359 – Government, The ………………………. 411 – In Los Angeles ………………………… 664 – Harnessing the Jordan ………………… 579 Mexico-Chiapas, A Ripe Field In, Paul – New Courts in ………………………….. 657 – Non-Cooperation in ……………………. 579 Burgess ……….. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. 204 Panama, Christian Strategy in …………… 486 – Cost of Discipleship in, W. Reginald Papua, Conflicting Forces in, Charles W.

Wheeler ………………………………. 179 Abel ………………………………….. 377 – Education for ………………………….. 575 Papuans In New Guinea, Transforming, – New Life in ……………………………. 153 – Presbyterians In ……………………….. 408 Charles W. Abel ………………………. 187 – Union Evangelical Training …………… 154 Paraguay, Turmoil in ……………………. 868 Migrant Work ……………………………. 307 Paris Mission Society, Centenary of the ….. 65 – Workers, Neglected Chifdren of, Sara A. Persia-Factory for Men …………………. 149 – Opening in Shiraz ……………………… 478 Brown ………………………………… 515 – Refugees Return to Urumla …………… 228 Migrants, Service to ……………………… 212 – Return of Urumia Refugees …… _……… 69 Mission to the Aristocracy of India, Rebecca – Twenty-five Years Ago and Now, Robert J. Parker ……………………………… 109 E. Speer ………………………………. 33 Missionaries? Whence Come New ……….. 683 Missionary Books Read, How to Get, Mrs. T. Persian Governor's Tribute ……………….. 412 Personals, Missionary ……………………. . D. Gordon …………………………….. 645 – Council at Oxford, International, Mrs. H. . .. … . , .3, 239, 331, 494, 590, 595, 675, 771, 882, 956 Pern and the Vatican …………………….. 319 W. Peabody …………………………… 837 – Christian Work In …………………….. 937 – Education Movement Travel Department . 414 – ReUgious Liberty in ……………………1028 – Methods for Men, Mrs. E. C. Cronk ……. 51 Phinney, F. D., C. Starr Barker ………….. 293 Missionary's Equipment, A (Poem), J. Hud- Phonetic Script, Use of …………………… 143 Pocket Testament League. The ……………. 42fi son Taylor ……………………………. 217 Poland, Methodist Schools in …………….1001 Mohammedanism-Secret Ex-Moslem Believ- Praver in a Mine …………………………. 573 – Week of ………………………………..1004 ers ……………………………………. 579 Presbyterian Alliance In ZUrich ………….. 942 Moody Institute, Life Dedication at ………. 317 – – Meeting ………………………………1038 Moravian Missions Conference ……………. 89 – Board Reorganized …………………….. 484 Moravians in Labrador …………………… 318 – Budget Readjustment ………………….. 219 Mormon Invasion of the East …………….. 939 Prisons, Bible in Italian …………………. 6~ – Statistics, Some ………………………… 486 Prohibition for Bhopal, India …………….. 399 Mormonism Outside of Utah ……………… 414 – Women and ……………………………. 474 – Report …………………………………. 650 Protestant Bureau, Central ……………….. 409 Moslem Attitudes, Two ……………………. 228 Protestantism's Sore PUght ……………… 488 – Gradultte, First ………………………… 477 Hamabai's Successor ……………………… 754 – Hatred of Christians …………………… 863 Rangoon Press and Its Superintendent, The, – Propaganda in Berlin …………………. 577 – Women Drop Veil. More ……………….. fl~7 C. Starr Barker ………………. '" ……. 293 – World, Situation in the, S. M. Zwemer … 267 Religions of the World …………………… 324 Moslems and Anti-Christ ………………….. 70 Religious Progress in America …………… 335 – and Anti-Christ, The, Arthur T. Upson … 131 Rescne Work-Helping Girl Mothers ……… 4{)6 – Invade New York ……………………… 316 Revival in MissiSSippi, A ………………… 485 – Literature for …………………………. 411 Rhenish Mission, Difficulties of the ………. 65 – Tracts for ……………………………… 475 Rhodesia, Embarassment of Success in ……1002 Mothers' Day f'ubject, A …………………. 372 Roman CathoUcs in Italy and Ohio ……….1030 Mottoes for Missionary Meetings …………. 358 Rome, Bibles Burned in ………………….. 867 Near East-Airpl"nes Replace Camels ……. 945 Rumania, Bigotry in …………………….. 153 – – America and th" ……………………. 61 Rnral Community Team Work, Coe Hayne .. 544 – – "Being Punished" …………………… 477 Russia and Religion, Soviet ………………. 886 – – Disturbing Outlook ………………….. 296 – and the Y. M. C. A…………………….. 224 – – Future of the Patriarchate ………….. 863 – Rolshevists Anti-Christian …………….. 759 – – Opportunitv to Tra;'l Leaders ………. 755 – Boy Scouts in …………………………. %5 – – Pan-Orthodox Synod ………………… 7~ – ERt.honia, Baptists in ………………….. 654 – – Prntecting- the Investment …………… 7~ – Illiteracy in …………………………… 942 – Mpssenger to ………………………….. 67 – – Relief, Union In ……………………..1033 – – Statistics ……………………………. 68 – "Presbyter;anski" Church …………….. m – – What a Secretary Saw in the, C. V. – Religious Situation in, L. O. Hartman .. , 611 Vickrev ……………………………….. 218 – Twofold Famine in ……………………. 252 Negro and the Nation, The (Report) …….. 853 Russian Refugees, Work for ……………… 489 Page Page – Sacrilege .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 224 Temperance-Anti-Prohibition Forces ……. 217 Russia's Religious Chaos …………………. 421 – Work in France ……………………….. 488 Salvador, Holy Week in ………………….. 154 Thoburn, Bishop Harry Farmer ………….. 263 Salvation Army in India …………………. 310 Tibet-Challenge ………………………….. 402 Santo Domingo, Missions in ………………. 574 – Sundar Singh in ……………………… 659 ~ – Progress in ………………………. 221, 665 Tibetans, Missions to ……………………..1()37 – – Union Work in ……………………… 937 Today (Poem) ……………………………. 652 School for Practical Arts ………………..1()25 Tokyo Derelicts, Work for ……………….. 661 Schools, Non-Christians in Missionary …… 679 Turkey-Aintab News ……………………. 227 – of Missions ……………………………. 141 – American Interests in …………………. 148 Schnltz, Dan, Coe Hayne ………………… 712 – and the Missionaries …………………… 170 Scotch Missionary Campaign ……………… 32() – Christian Schools in …………………… 322 – – Conference ………………………….. 64 – Church and State in …………………… 1033 Scouting and Camp Fire Work, Ray O. Wy- – Foreign Advisers for ………………….. 657 – Going Forward in …………………….. 969 land ………………………………….. 536 – Kemal and Mohammed …………………. 323 Siam-Buddhist Inquirer …………………. 753 – Missionary Situation in, Ernest W. Riggs 18), – Chiengmai Press ………………………. 230 – Republic of …………………………… lool! – Last Stand of Buddhism, .John Nelson – Under the New Treaty, Mission in …….. 777 Turkish Diplomacy and Christianity …….. 247 Mills ………………………………….. RSo Turks Oust the Sultan ……………………. 67 – Recent Progress in, R. O. Franklin …… 979 – Think of the Y. M. C. A., What ……….. 185 Siamese Christian Boys …………………..1035 Union Among Filipinos, Church ………….. 405 Siberia, Methodist Work in ………………. 163 – Episcopalians Form ……………………. 317 Singapore-Value of Faith ……………….. 946 – in Cleveland, Church ………………….. 572 Slavic Peoples, Conference on ……………. 63 – – England, Methodist …………………. 409 – Population, Our ……………………….. 406 – Progresses, Methodist ………………….. 869 Social Service, Missionary ……………….. 315 – Work in Santo Domingo ……………….. 937 South America, Progress in ……………….1028 Unity, Progress Toward ………………….. 235 Soviet, Methodists and the ……………….. 321 Utah, Christian Strategy in ………………. 318 Spain, Federation in ……………………… 758 Vacation Bible Schools …………………… 155 – Outlook in …………………………….. 489 – School Work …………………………… 919 – Religious Tolerance in ………………… 8 Venezuela, Enemies Reconciled in ……….1928 – ReligioUS Work in …………………….. 410 Waldensian Work in Rome ……………….. 322 Spanish-Speaking People in the U. S…….. 211 Waldensians in Sicily …………………….. 224 – – Work in Southwest …………………. 62 Who is to Blame?, .J. Lovell Murray…….. 9 Sparks from the Home Missions Anvil, B. C. W,hy Burns Gave Up Business, Coe Hayne .. fi44 Winning an Army for Christ. Hwang Cn'jng 627 Hening ……………………………….. 634 Woman Who Went Eight Times Over, The ..1010 Statistics for 1922, Denominational ……….. 336 – Movement in .Japan, The ………………. 145 Story Telling, Missionary Possibilities of, Woman's Foreign Mission Bulletin, Mrs. H.

Mrs. E. C. Cronk ……………………… 207 W. Peabody. Gertrude Schultz and Sara Student Assembly, International ………….. 760 Polhemus …………………. _….. , ….. .. – Conference, Canadian ………………….. 317 58, 137, 214, 302:, 395, 472, 569, 646, 741, 934, 1017 – Federation .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. … 577 Woman's Home Mission BuHet.,n, Florence K – Fellowship for Christian Life Service …. 747 Quinlan ……………………………… . – Ministry, A Great ……………………… 222 55, 139, 211, 3oo, 392, 469, 566, 650,745, 851, 931, 1021 – Volunteer Convention, Coming ………… 965 Woman's National Enforcement Committee..1019 – Volunteers, British … : …………………. 101 Women of the Sudan, (a) Mrs. D. S. Oyler .. 999 – – Chinese ……………………………… 73 – United Presbyterian …………………… 663 – Work ………………………………….. 306 Women's Work in the Metropolis, Edith H. Students and Christianity, Chinese ………. 245 White …………………………………. 637 – Summer Service by Christian ………….. 333 World Conditions-Who is to Blame?, .J. Study of Souls in Central Africa, A, W. C. Lovell Murray ………………………… 9 – Congress, Baptist ………………………. 414 Willoughby …………………………… 13 – New Year Around the …………………. 5 Sudan-New Words Needed ……………….. 150 Y. M. C. A. and the Churches …………….. 341 – Women of the, Mrs. D. S. Oyler ……… 999 – in Cairo ……………………………….. 225 Suicide, To Prevent ………………………. 485 – Revival ………………………………… 217 Sundar Singh in Tibet ……………………. 659 – Russia and the ………………………… 224 Sunday-school Headquarters in .Japan …… 749 Yaiima, Madame Kaji, Mrs. Henry Topping. 812 – – Progress, Recent, W. C. Pearce …….1004 Young Men Need, Three Things, Henry – – – in South America ………………..1028 Denlng ……………………………….. 552 – World Wide …………………………… 507 Young People-.Junior Laymen ……………. 938 Sunday-schools, Communist ………………. 409 Young, Results of Religious Work for the, – – Lloyd George on ….. .. …………….. 516 Herbert W. Gates …………………….. 553 Sweden, Religious Progress in ……………1()30 Youth and Some of Its Perils, Owen R. Love· Switzerland-Reformed and Presbyterian joy ……………………………………. 509 – (;"mpaign for American ……………….. 508 Conference ……………………………. 577 – Movements in Europe and America ……. 503 Syria, Bigotry Breaking Down ……………. 580 – Encouraged, Workers in ……………….. 766 – Good News from ………………………. 227 – Greek Refugees in …………………….. 41~ – Palace for an Orphanage ………………. 477 NEW BOOKS Page Pae:e Abel of Kwato, A. Gratten Hall ………….. 763 British North Borneo, Owen Rutter ………. 877 Adventuring with Sister Abigail, Grace K. Brnthering the Boy. W. ,Edward Rafferty … 587 Buddhism and Buddhists In Southern Asia; Swanger ………………………………. 78 African Adventurers, .Jean Kenyon Mackenzie ~2n K . .J. Saunders ……………………….1042 Alexander Duff, William Paton …………..1041 Bushido: The SoUl of .Japa"}, Jnazo Nitobe .. 874 All in a Lifetime, Henry Morganthau ……. 764 Cannibal Land, Martin .Johnson ……….. '… 493 Annual Meeting of Home Missions Council, 951 Child Garden In India. Amelia .Josephine Apostolic Age, The, William Bancroft Hill .. 766 Asa-Ko Hirooka. An Autobiography …….. 874 Burr and Louise Clark ……………….. 588 At the Master's Feet, Sadhu Sundar Sine:h .. 325 China in the Family of Nations, Henry T. Atlas of the World and Gazetteer for 1923 .. 879 Back to the Long Grass, Dan Crawford ….. 491 Hodgkin ………………………………. lOO9 Beasts, Men and Gods, Ferdinand Ossen- China's Crossroads, Elliott L. Osgood …….. 492 China's Place in the Sun. Stanley High ….. 765 dowski ………………………………… 493 Christian Crusade for a Warless World, The, Between the Lines in Asia Minor, Mary Caro- Sidney L. Gulick ……………………… 767 line Holmes ………………………….. 879 Christian Endeavor Missionary Programs, .Julia Lake Skinner …………………… 671 Page Page Christian Literature In Moslem Lands …. 1043 Missionary Program Material for Primary Christian Movement In Japan, The ………. 764 Christianity and Civilization in the South and Junior Grades, Anita B. Ferris …… 879 Mlssionary Stories for Little Folks, Margaret PaCific, W. Allen young ………………. 80 T. Applegarth ………………………… 588 Christianity and the Race Problem, Robert Mustard Seed in Japan, The, Wm. M. Vories 238 E. Smith ……………………………… 237 Negro Year Book, 1921-1922, Edited by Mon- Church in America, The, William Adams roe N. Work ………………………….. 880 Brown ………………………………… 415 New Missionary Series, The (Ten Volumes) 879 New Tasks for Old Churches, Roger W. Bab- Colloquial Chinese, A. N. J. Whymant …… 79 Confronting Young Men with the LIving son …………………………………… 238 New Zambasi Trail, The, C. W. Macintosh.. 76 Christ, John R. Mott …………………. 95~ Next Door Neighbors, Margaret T. Apple- Congo Missionary Conference Report …….1042l Constantinople Today, The Pathfinder Survey 236 garth …………………………………. 588 Contacts with Non-Christian Cultures, Daniel On the Trail of the Peacemakers, Fred B.

Johnson Fleming ……………………… 876 Smith ………………………. ………… 79 Creative Forces In Japan, Galen M. Fisher .. 874 Pandita Ramabal, Clementina Butler …….. 763 Czecho-Slovaks in America, Kenneth D. Mil- Parent and the Child, The, Henry F. Cope .. 587 Parenthood and Child Nature, Edna Dean ler ……….. …………….. …………… 78 Demonlsm Verified and Analyzed, Hugh W. Baker …………………………………. 587 Persian Sketches, J. H. Linton …………… 953 White …………………………………. 160 Pioneer Doctor and Other Stories from Doc- Dramatized MIssionary Stories, Mary M. tors, Nurses and Others in India, China Russell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 671 and Africa ……………………………. 588 Education in Africa (Report) ……………. 415 Poles in America, The, Paul Fox …………. 78 Evolution of the Japanese, Sidney L. Gulick 874 Political Development of Japan, George Faith of Japan, The, Tsaku Harada ………. 874 Etsujlro Uyehara ……………………… 874 Firebrand of the Indies, The, E. K. Seth- Political History of Japan Under the Meijl Era, Walter Wallace McLaren ………… 873 Smith ………………………. '" ……… 160 Psychology of Adolescence, The, Frederick Following the Pioneers, Joseph C. Robbins . 953 Tracy …………………………………. 587 From the Forest, Amy Carmichael ……….. 78 Racial Studies-American Series …………. 78 Geschichte der Evangelischen Mission in Real Japanese Question, The, K. K. Kawak- ami …………………………………… 874 Afrika, JuliUS Richter ………………… 669 Religion of the Lower Races, E. W. Smith ..1043 Golden Bough, The, J. G. Frazer …………. 953 Religion of Science, The, William H. Wood . 768 Gospel and the Plow, The, Sam Higginbottom 326 Religion of the Primitives, The, Alex. LeRoy 158 Great First Work of the Church, Missions, Revolt Against Civilization, The, Lothrop Stoddard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . 77 Wilbur B. Stover ……………….. ; …… 7111 Revolt of Youth, The, Stanley High ……… 588 Greatheart of th,e South, The, Gordon Poteat 78 Rock Breakers, P. H. J. Lerrigo …………. 491 Greeks In America, .J. P. Xenides ………… 237 'Round the Round World, Paul Rader ……. 8D Handbook of Modern Japan, Ernest Clement 873 Russian I=igrant, The …………………. 668 Head Hunter arid Other Stories of the Philip- Russians and Ruthenians in America, Jerome Davis …………………………………. 78 pines, Bruce L. Kershner …………….. 79 Scientific Christian Thinking for Young Peo- Henry Loomis, Clara D. Loomis ………….1041 ple, Howard Agnew Johnston ………….. 766 Henry Martyn, Confessor of the Faith …… 875 Short History of Japan, A, E. W. Clement .. 873 Hill Tribes of Fiji, A. B. Brewster ……….. 764 Short History of the Near East, A, William History of Christianity in Japan (2 Vols.), Stearns Davis ………………………… 492 South America From. a Surgeon's Point of Otis Cary ……………………………… 873 View, Franklin H. Martin …………….. 877 History of the Japanese People, F. Brinkley gn Story of Grenfell of the Labrador, The, Dil- History of the Yorubas. Samuel Johnson ….1040 lon Wallace …………………………… 671 India and Its Missions, Capuchin Mission Story of Japan, The, David Murray ……… 873 Studies in the Life and Teaching of Jesus, Unit ………………………………….. 668 John Porteous ………………………… 76& India Inklings, Margaret T. Applegarth ….. 80 Sunrise in Aztec Land, Wm. A. Ross …….. 667 India Old and New, Sir Valentine Chirol …. 76 Things Japanese, B. H. Chamherlain …….. 874 India's Religion, Julius Richter …………1039 Thousand Miles from a Post Office, J. Loft- Ins and Outs of Mesopotamia, The, Thomas house …………………………………. 765 Training of Children in the Christian Home, Lyell …………………………………. 667 Luther Allen Weigle ………………….. 587 Intensive Powers on the Western Slopes, L. Triumph of the Gospel in the New Hebrides, Frank L. Paton ……………………….. 669 C. Barnes …………………•…………. 767 Unfinished Tasks, Homer McMlllan ………. 1110 Intercourse Between the United States and Ways of Ah Sin, Charles R. Shepherd …… 951 West African Romance, A, A. E. Southon … 903 Japan, Inazo Nltobe ………………….. 874 What is the Y. M. C. A.?, PaUl Super ……. 954 J. W. Thinks Black, J. S. Stowell ………… 326 What ;s There in Religion?, Henry Sloane James W. Bashford, George Richmond Grose 875 Coffin …………………………………. 766 Japan-An Attempt at Interpretation, La- What Japan Thinks, K. K. Kawakami ……. 874 Williamu-Mariner, Missionary, Ernest H. feadio Hearn …………………………. 873 Hayes ………………………………… 763 Japan In Transition, Loretta L. Shaw ……. 766 Willibrord, Missionary In the Netherlands, Japan, Real and Imaginary, Sidney Greenble 873 Alexander Grieve ……………………… 6£8 Japanese Life in Town and Country, George With P'u and His Brigands, Mrs. Howard Taylor ………………………………… 763 W. Knox ……………………………… 873 Within the Gateways of the Far East, Japanese Nation, The, Inazo Nitobe ……… 874 Charles R. Erdman …………………… 763 Jew and His Mission, Henry Ostrom ……..1039 Woman and the Leaven in Japan, The, Char- Karen People of Burma, The, Harry 1. Mar- lotte B. De Forest …………………….. 875 Women of 1922. The …………………….. , .. 879 shall ………………………………….. 878 Wonderland of India, The, Helen M. Rockey Life Under Two Flags, James Demarest and Harold B. Hunting ……………….. 326 Work and Play in the Grenfell MiSSion, H. Eaton …………………………………. 238 P. and F. E. Greeley …………………. 588 Lure of the Leopard Skin, The, .Josephine H. World's Great Religiolls Poetry, The, Com- piled by Caroline Hill …………………. 763 Westervelt ……………………………. 79 Manual of Archive Administration, A, Hilary Jenkinson .,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 954 Mastery of the Far East, The, Arthur Judson Brown ………………………………. :. 874 Measure of a Mari, The (Life of W. A.

Shedd), Mary L. Shedd ……………….. 159 Message of Buddhism, The, Subhadra Bhlkkhu ………………………………. 236 Midst Volcanic Fires, Maurice Frater …….. 493 Ministry as a Life Work, The, Robert L.

Webb …………………………………. 1111 Missionary Heroes of Africa, The, J. H. Mor- rison ………………………………….. 325 Missionary Messages, James F. Love …….. 416

The Missionary Review of the World — 1921 Index

MISSIONARY

REVIEW OF THE WORLD VOL. XLIV OLD SERIES VOL. XXXIV NEW SER]:ES Founded in 1878 by Editor-in-Chief, 1888 to, 1911 REV. ROYAL G. WILDER, D.D. REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D.D.

JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1921 EDITOR DELAVAN 1. PIERSON HENRIETTA M. HYSLOP, ASSISTANT EDITOR EDITORIAL ASSOCIATES MRS. H. W. PEABODY MRS. E. C. CRONK Woman's Foreign Mission Bulletin Best Methods Department FLORENCE E. QUINLAN Woman's Home Mission Bulletin EDITORIAL COUNCIL REV. ALJ'RJ(D WILLIAMS ANTHONY, D.D. REV. F. C. STEPHENSON, M.D.

REV. ENOCH F. BllI,L FI,oRENell E. QUINLAN FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL Rllv. WM. P. SCHllLL REV. W. H. GRIFJ'ITH THOMAS, D.D. REV. MILLS J. TAYLOR REV. S. G. INMAN FENNELL P. TURNIlR MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD REV. CHARLES L. WHITE, D.D.

REV. RALPH WELLES KEELER, D.D. REV. ROBERT P. WILDER MRS. HELIlN BARRETT MONTGOMERY REV. L. B. ,NOLI', D.D.

REV. ARTLEY B. PARSON COPYRIGHTED, 1921-PUBLISHED BY THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. THIRD AND REILY STREIlTS, HARRISBURG, PA., AND 156 FIFTH AvENUE, NEW YORK BOARD OJ' DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President MRS. E. C. CRONK FRANK L. BROWN, Vice-President HARl,AN P. BEACH WALTER McDoUGAl,L, Treasurer MRS. HENRY W. PEAllODY DELAVAN L. PIl(RSON, Secretary FLEMING H. REVELl, W. 1. CHAMBllRl,AIN DICKINSON W. RICHARDS FREDERICK L. COLVIlR I

OF ONE VOLUME OF THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

Each year the REVIEW contains the equivalent of twenty~one volumes, a complete library of Missions, on the history. methods, principles, and progress of Missions, and the lives of Missionaries and Native Converts. Each small volume would contain about 30,000 words (150 pages).

INDEX FOR 1921 MAPS, CHARTS AND POSTERS to , . Page Lutheran Quadricentenary Poster …..•…… 270 MONGOLIA, Map of ……………………… 615 Christmas Star. How Make …………… 879 Prayer Chart. Chinese, Women's .•………. 557 Posters for Missionary Meetings ….. 956, 961, 962 – Tree, Window ………………………..•. 878 SUDAN, North Africa ……………………. 43i1 – Compared with Europe …………………. 436 Distribution of MembershIp – Downtown Churches ……………………………… 771 Southern Highland Region ……………….. 945 Diagram for Making Circle ………………. 959 Suburban Residents, City Church Attraction of …………………………………….. 771 – Protestant and Catholic Churches, Spring- Suggestion for Alphabet and Invitations …. 966 field, Mass. . ……………………….•… 77S TURXEY According to the Recent Treaties .. 1{)6 Family Worship Chart, Korean …………•. 531 Famine in China, Extent of ……………… 349 Korean Family Worship Chart ………….. 531 PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS ABYSSINIA, Prince Lidj Yassu …………. 185 COLOMBIA, Presbyterian Mission In Medellin 389 – State Procession in ……………………. 174 Abyssinian Church, Archbishop of ……….. 189 Dixon Mission School for Mexicans ………. 364- – Church of St. George ………………….. 187 ELLIS ISLAND, Gateway to America ……. 775 AFRICA, Arnot's Carriers Crossing River … 357 – Christian Family in South ……………… 849 – Registration Room ……………………… 777 – General Missionary Conference in South .. 847 Fisk Seminary, Persian Girls in …………. 20 – Heathen Family in South ……………… 843 Ge.rdiner, Bishop T. M……………………. 588 !~~;~~~, C~rz~~e~n ~~b~Y~"::::::::::::::::: g~ Ginling Col1ege, Open Air Class Room ……. 867 Halsey, Abram W. . ……………………… 504 Arab Boy Playing with Bird ……………… 837 – Girl, Young •.•…..•……………. , …….. &35 – Dr. at Conference in Mexico ……………. 515 – Shopkeeper, Small …………….. :…….. 839 Arabian Town, Street Scene in ………….. 824 – Dr. in West Africa ……………………. 519 Armenian Pastors in Cilicia, Surviving ….. 74-f. Arnot, Frederick S. . .. _…………………… 3[15 HAYASHI, Ut.ko, Japanese W. C. T. U….. 38G Beggar on the Mount, Typical ……………. 119 HIghland Schoolhouse Used as Church ……. 949 BEIRUT, American UniverSity of ………… 191 Hindu Temple, San Francisco ……………. 281 Bible Teachers' Training School, New York . 303 Hopi Indian Christian Village ……………. ~89 Bliss, Daniel …………….. . ……………. 195 – Indians at Kearn's Canon ……………… 291 – Indians in Pueblo Home ……………….. 287 BRAZIL, Girls' School at Piracicaba …….. 385 Buddhist High Priest of Tibet ………….. 6G9 – Pueblo in Arizona ……………………… !l85 BURMA, Demon Altars in ……………….. 621 Idol in Chinese Temple, Portland, Oregon … 135 – Great Shive Dragon Pagoda …………..•. 273 Immigrants, Family of Dutch ……………. 781 – Harvesting Rice in ……………………. 697 – Plowing In …………………………….. 625 INDIA, Class at Isabella Thoburn College … 868 – School of American MIssion Rangoon …..• 271 – Sugar Cane in …………………………. 629 – MIssion Compound in Tinnevelly …….. 931 ~ Transformed Village in ……………….. 619 Burmese Oil Mill ………………………… 6~:J – Three Wanted Children of ………….. !fD6, 929 -Plow …………………………………… 623 – WillIam Miller Building, MIraj Hospital . 277 Indian Christians at Kearn's Canon, Hopi … 291 CAMBODIA, Capital of ………………….. 12~ – Girls at Sherman Institute …………….. 537 Cambodian Performing His Devotions ……. 126 – Interpreters, Sherman Institute ………… 540 Cambodians Live, Houses in Which ……… 1'24 – Racin~ Boat of ……………•….•…••…. 125 Indians in Pueblo Home, Hopi …………… 287 International Missionary Union …………… 697 CHINA. Temples and Shrines on Holy Mount 118 – War God 01 the Temple ………………… 119 JAPAN, Wind Devil ……………………… 664 Chinese Presbyterian Church in San Fran- Japanese Girls Drilling ………………….. 865 cisco ………………………………….. 1~7 ~ Students at Christian Conference …..•…. 88 – Kindergarten tn America •…….•.•.•…… 384 Christ and the World's Children ..•…•…… 55 – Mission in californ1a ………………….. 88 Christian Village. Hopi Indian …………..• 28!) – Mission Kindergarten. Los Angeles ……. 133 Christmas Tree for All Nations ..•…•.•…..• 873 – Notice Prohibiting Christianity ………•.• 374 – Village in Cathedral School ……………. 876 – Tea House …………………. , …………. 675 City District, Mission Building …………… 767 – Y. M. C. A. Reading Room. California …. 383 Kan En Vong of China …………………… 476 Kawaii, MichikO, of Japanese Y. W. C. A … 378 Khanto Bala Rai of Bengal ………………. 475 Kindergarten for Japanese in America …… 384 Kolatorova, Madame of Prague …………… 476 XOREA, Bible Conference in ….••…••……. 529 – Gathering of Christians in ……………… 685 – Worship as Taught in ………………….. 532 Korean Family Reading Bible ……………. 687 -Plague Destroyers, Wayside Images of …. -686 II – Village, Street In ………………………. 689 Ramabai and Her Daughter ……………… 859 Loggers and Big Redwood Tree ………….. 601 RANGOON, School of Ame-rican Mission "". 271 Logging Camp. Dinner in ……………….. 596 Relief Work in Urumia …… ,…………….. 19 Lumber Camp in California ……………… 595 Saalako, Hopi Indian Priestess ……….•.•.. 260 – Jack Hotel .•……………….•…••……•. 003 SANTO DOMINGO, Protestant Chapel in .•.. 46 Madras Students Teaching Children •.•.•….. 869 – Reminder of Columbus ………….. …….. 43 Manoramabai .•…•.• 861 0 ••••••••• 0 ••••• 0. 0 ••• 0.0.0 – Roman .Catholic Cathedral …………….. 47 Mao Saw Sa of Burma …………………….. 475 . Sherman Institute. Navajo Girls at .•.•.. 0 ••• 537 McLean, Archibald …………………..••… 693 Shinto Religious Leader ………………….. 678 Mexicans in New Mexico-School for •…….. 365 SIAM, Tai Chief of Mountaineer Village …• 369 – in Y. M. C. A. Camp in U. S……•.•.•.•.• 361 – Tai Mountaineer Village ……………….. 3'71 Mountain Store in South …………………. 951 – Women and Children of Tai Race ………. 344 MIRAJ, Class of Indian Nurses …..•…….. 28Q "Star of Hope" Mission, Patterson, N. J. '" 449 – Medical School, Teachers and Students … 279 Street Work for Children, New York …… ,. 305 Mongolian at Home ……………………….. 613 Southern Highlanders …………………. 946, 947 Moravian Sunday-School. Santo Domingo … 50" SUDAN, Australian Mission Dispensary at Mormon Temple, Salt Lake City …………• 21 Melut …………………………………. 441 Moslem Festival Parade, Detroit ………… 787 – Dinka Women of Eastern ……………… 42"1 – Magazine, Cover' of American ………….. 791 – Mohammedan Converts in the •………… 4-39 Mosque at Detroit, Moslem ……………….. 789 – Two Mohammedan Missionaries in the "" 437 Nagao, Hampei ………………………….. 375 Suicides, Signboard for ………………….. 309 Nandamah, Dr. of South India •………….. 475 Sunday-School Convention Assembled in Navajo Y. M. C. A ……………………….. 541 Theater……………………………….. 53 – Convention, Scenes at World •.•…….•… 1 – Y. W. C. A. Cabinet ……………………. 5.19 Tagore's School near Calcutta. ……•…•….. 549 Nitobe, Dr. Inazo .. ,., ..•…. , •…..•…..•.. 0. 679 Nurses in Miraj Hospital, Class of …..•…. 2&0 Temple WorshIp, China ………………….. 121 Orientals in America, Christian Influence on 88 TIBET, Buddhist Priest and His Wife …… 6D9 Peking Union Medical College ..•…. 92,'5. 926, 927 – Dr. Shelton Crossing Lake in …………. 6D7 PERSIA, Protestant Preacher in ………..•• 17 – Dr. Shelton in Mountains of …………… 584 – Village of Zushk ………………………. 761 Tibetan Workmen, Dr. Shelton Paying Off " 611 Persian Girl, A Rescued ………………….. 18 Tibetans Baptized at Batang …. , … , …….. 434 – Mountain Girls in Fisk Seminary ………. 20 Turkish Hospital at Aintab, Remnant of …. '744 – Refugees Seeking Missionary Help …….. 12 – School, Aintab, Wrecked ………………. 759 – Village of Kang ……………………….. 763 URUMIA. Distributing Flour to Kurdish Pilgrim Climbers to Holy Mount …………. 117 Refugees ………………………………. 19 Pilgrimage Mount, Missionaries and Evan- – Mission Work Destroyed by Kurds ..•….. 15 gelists Jogging Toward ……………….. 120 Uyemura, Masahisa ……………………… 5,23 Porto Rican Sunday-S(]hool ……………….. 211 Vellore, Union Medical School •…..••……• 871 PORTO RICO, Evangelical Seminary of ….. 20~ VENEZUELA, View of Caracas ……….. 937, 939 – Han. Em!1e del Taro Cuebas …………… 212 Women's Welfare Association, Kobe. Japan. 310 – Old Rum Shop In ………………………. 207 Wyburn, John H. ………………………… 401 – Typical Sunday-School In ……………… 210 Yen Ching Serving Breakfast to Famine Refugees ………………………………. 86£ – Y. M. C. A., San Juan ………………… 213 AUTHORS Allen, E. T. …. ………………………….. 13 G"reene, Amy Blanche . . . . . 856 0 ••••••••••••••••••• Hamilton. Kate W . . . 4(}6 0.0 ••••••••••••••••••••••• Anthony, Alfred Wms………………… 509, 595 Atkinson, Henry A. . ..•.. ,………………… 66 Harlan, Rolvix ………….•…•………..•.. 6! Harrison. Paul W. . ……………………… 759 ~:~:~: .fam~~ i:':::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :~ Ha.yne. Coe ………………………………. 284 Beach, H. P. .. …………………………… 543 Higley, Merle ……………………………. 767 Beets, Henry …………………………….. 393 Blair, W. N. .. ……………………………. 528 Hill, William A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883 ~~~~~ ~'. ~: ::::::::: :::::::::::: :::::::::::::: ~~~ Hough, S. S. . ……………………………. 29·2 ~~~!~:'F~:n~eL~·..:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~~ Hodge, Margaret , ……… , ….. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 Browning, Webster E ……………•…•.. 385, 9~7 Hooper, C. T. .. ………………………….. 185 Butler, Clementfna ………………………. 859 Hunt, Geo_ W. P …………………………. 564 Buxton. Travers …….•…….•…•…….•..• 853 m Hyslop, Henrietta M.. ,., ………………. 219, 695 Cady, Geor~e L …………………………… roo ~~W:a~, SRo~t. 'A:: .::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~~: Calverley. Eleanor T. . …………. 0 ………. 835 Johnson, Mrs. Luke G. • . . . . . • 0 ••••••••••••• 0 •• 722, Carmichael, Amy Wilson …………………. 999 Kanalllori, Paul ……………………….. , .. 682 Case, Brayton C……… , … , •…….. , ..•….. 619 Rnubel, F. H. .. ………………. …………. 59 Cronk. Mrs. E. C. J{umm, H. K. W …………………………. 435 56, 140, 225, 311, 477, 552, 633, 711, 797, B72, 9"7 Kurtz, Robel't M…………………………. 303 Kyle, Alice M…………………………….. 400 Currier, Raymond P. . … , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 Laidlaw. Walter ………………………….. 559 Donaldson, Dwight M. . ………………….. 761 Lambuth, Walter R . . , ……………………. 2Q4 ~E!fYgfM:!'·~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~f Latourette, K. S. .. ………………………. 299 Drury, Philo W. .. ……………………….. 207 MaC'kenzie, Jean Kenyon ,., ………………. 855 Dunkelberger, Stella C……………………. H9 Eakin, J. A. .. …………………………… 368 McGavran, John G…………….•…..•.•…. 691 Eddy, Sherwood ………………………….. 101 Menzer, Edit,h … ···· ……………. 0 ••••••••• 536 Eleazer, Robert B. . •.•.•.•…•.•.•…•…….. 468 Mehlhouse, Brenda L …………………….. 96{) Merrill, John E …………………………… 755 Farmer, Mrs . Wm. H .•.•. .0.•.'..•……….0.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.0…1.4., 319 Faunce, W. H. P .. ….•.• 25 Millikin, B. Carter …… ,., ………………. 957 ~:~iu~~~: ~~SL.J~~~.. ::::::::: ::: ::::::: ::::::: ~~ :~:.n~.DR. J .. :.. : ..:::::::…..::::::::::::….: .. 1~7: ~~~ Nisbet, J. L. .. ……………………………. 465 ~~~r:~~~' llI… :: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1~i Noble, W. A …………………………….. 685 Gleason, Geor~e ………………………. 374, 459 Overs, Walter Henry …………………….. 29 Goddard. Dwig-ht ……………. ~………….. 9~2 Ovler, Mrs_ D. S………………………….. 441 Goforth, Jonathan ……………………….. 841 Packard, Harry P ………………………… 644 Graham, James A .•..•.•…•…..• 0 •••••••••••• 606 Peabody, Mrs. H. W ……… 482, 639, 803, 8Il5, 967 Persons. SIlas E. ,.' ….•………….. ,., ….. , 40-1 Pif'rson, Delavan L ……………… , ………. 395 Pierson, Ernest D. . ………. , ……… , …… 451 Piper, Maude Garrett ……………….. ~ ….. 575 Quinlan. Florence E …… 64. 231, 4M, 55~, 71~, 881 Read, B. E ………………………………. , 9'):') Reischa uer, A. K. . ………………………. 199 .Roundy, Rev. Rodney W. 21, 133, 214, 361, 402, 945 Saller. T. H. P …………………………… 882 Thompson, Chas. L ………………………. 899 Schneder, D. B•……… ,_ ….. _.. _…… , …. 675 Thompson, Edith P. . ……. , ……………… 958 Scott. Chas. E ……………………………. 116 Tillotson, Emily C ………. , ……………… 881 Tucker, H. C…………………………….. 443 ~~~n~n?ex~gt. ~'..::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~ Wainright, S. H. . ……………….•……… 523 Wallis, Frederick A. .. … " …. " …………. 775 SIngh. Sadhu Sundar ……………'……….. 862 Wanless, W. J …………………………… 277 Speer. Robert E …………………… 396. 515. 917 Warnshuis, A. L. . …………………….. 37, 783 Starn. Peter• .Jr………………………….. 449 Waterhouse, Paul B . . . . . . . . . . , ……………. 382 Stewart, Geo. Craig ……………………… 792 Weber. H. L ……………………………… 455 Wilder. Robert P …………………………. 398 Stewart, W. R. and A. W ……………… " .• 613 Wlnton. G. B. ……………………………. 41 Stirewalt, A. J. ………………………….. 39 Zwemer, S. M. . ………………………….. 787 Taylor, James Dexter ….. _……………….. 847 Taylor, Mrs. Howard ………………….•..• 845 SUBJECTS-ARTICLES AND NEWS Aborigines in China ………………………. 493 ASSAM. Church Union in ………………… 491 – of Australia ……………………………. 77 Assyrians in Mesopotamia, Exiled (b) •….. 747 Athens Woman's Congress …..•.•…….•.•.. 6~ ABYSSINIA. Most Ancient Monarchy (a) C. AUSTRIA after the War ………………… 35() T. Hooper ………………….. . ……….. 185 – Student Work in (b) ………………….. 670 Balkan Mission Conference ………………. 648 Acadians, Work Among ………………….. 813 Baptist Advance, Southern ……………….. 811 Aeroplane, Missions by …………………… 890 – International Seminary ………………… 974 – Gifts, Southern …………………….•.•.• 56& AFRICA, A Doctor's Experience in West (a) – Missions, American ……………………. 735 H. L. Weber ………………………….. 455 – Work in Europe …..•…………..••••…… 158 – Anti-Alcoho1 in East …………………… 574 BAROTSELAND. Vlslt to ………………. :.486 – Better Missionary Methods in (b) ……… 829 Basel Industrial MiSsion …………………. 889 – Changing Native Customs ……………… 416 BASUTOLAND. Work in ………………… 330 – Chief's Last Palaver' …. , •.. , …………… 575 Beatitudes, Some Missionary …………….. 8Q5 – Church Pews from Sacred Trees ……….. 731 BEIRU't, American University of …..•…… 72 – Crisis in Education in South (b) …..•…• 593 – Educational Commission ………………… 650 BELGIUM, Superstltlon and the Gospel In .• 731 – Educational Progress in ……………….. 239 Best Methods. Mrs. E. C. Cronk – Exi1ed Herero Christians ………………. 488 – Industrial Institute at Quessua ………… 487 56. 146. 226. 311. 300. 477. 5152. 633. 711. 797. 872. 952 – Inland Mission ………………………… 487 Bible Class in Gen. Fang's Army ………… 726 – Is Slavery Dead in? (a) Travers Buxton. 85.3 – Demand for in Japan ………………….. 724 – New Bible House at Lagas … , …………. 157 – Evangelistic Bands, China'S …..•..•••.•.. 726 – New Cathedral In Central .. " ………….. 486 – Portuguese Prohlbitions in East .•…•.•…• 426 – Faith Mission …….•.•…..•.•………•…. 727 – Preaching in Ashanti ………………….. 731 – Finds a Convert ……………………….. 574 – Present Problems in South (a) J. Dexter – in Public Schools, The (b) …………….. 666 – Reading Suggestions, Two ………..•….. 147 Taylor ………………………………… 847 – Selling Campaign, India ………………. 2:42 – Prophets in the Congo (b) ……………. 909 – Society Agency. New ………………….. 332 – Queen of Nalolo Converted , …………… 982 – Society of tIle Open …………………….. 734 – Secret of Peace for (b) W. H. Overs…… 29 – Society, New Headquarters for …………. 494 – Some Interesting Facts A bout …………. 458 – Statlstlcs. Some ……………………….. 249 – Some Results of Missions in ……. ,., ….. 442 – Teachers' Training School, New York (a) -Tardiness at Elat Church ………………• 240 – The Bible in Zande ……………………… 240 R. M. Kurtz ………………………….. 303 – Unreached Fields of Central (a) H. K. W. – Women, Scarcity of …………………… 156 Birthdays that Count …………………….. 145 Kumm …………….. , ………………… 435 Boat Dwellers, Children of …•…………… 75 – Unrest ln South ………………………… 574 Bohemia, Religious Schism in •……….••… 648 African Chief Becomes a Christian ………. 486 – Communion Service ……………………. 329 BORNEO, Devil Worshipers in ……………. 983 – Parable of IndecIsion ………………….. 488 Boy Scouts in Fukien …………………….. 726 Agriculture and Christlanity (b) .. ………. 9 – School of ………………………………. 71 BRAZIL, Publicity. a Suggestion …..•…… 16() Agricultural Missions, Conference on •……• 654 – Closes Lotteries •……….••…•..••…….. 496 – Neglected but Faithful ………………… 733 Ai~eJ~:V~~e ~~~n~':le~t1~~ ~~.r.. ::::::::::::::::: ~~ – Neglected Fields In (a) H. C. Tucker ….. 443 – Notable Conversion in …………………. 235 ALASKA. Isolated Station ……………….. 813 – Pioneer Work in .•………………… ~ …. 814 – SundaywSchool in ………………….. ~5. 976 ALBANIA. Mlsslon Work in …………….. 732 Sunday-School Convention, Tokyo (a) Frank – Spells OpportunIty ……………………… 569 ALEPPO, Missions in ……………………. 328 L. Brown …………………………•….. fi.1 Alexander, Charles lL (a) Henrietta M. – The Challenge of ………………………. loo Hyslop …… , …………………………. 319 British Students and the World (a) K. S. ALGIERS. In …. ,,, ……………………… 157 Latourette …………………………….. 299 Alsace-Lorraine Today …………………… 411 Angola, Missionary Situation in ………….. 915 Brotherhood, Promoting International •….. 69 Anti-Ruts Recipes ……………………….. 146 Brown University jn Shanghai …. , ………. 980 Applegarth Pledge Plans …………………. 716 Budapest, Christian Endeavor in …•…….. 570 Arab Thinks of the Missionary, What the Buddhism Urged. TeachIng of ……………. 154 Buddhist Adaptations. Modern …………… 724 (h) Paul Harrison " ………………….. 759 – Institutional Work …………………….. 652 ARABIA AND MESOPOTAMIA, Factors in – Monks. W-ork f-of •……………•.•.•….••. 74 – Salvation Army ……•……………•……. 327 (b) …………………………………… . BUddhists Acknowledge the Bible's Worth … 250 Arabian Children at Home (a) Eleanor T. – in Hawaii, Work for …………………… 006 BUenos Aires Mission …………………….. 71 Calverley ……………………………… 835 BURMA Awakened (a) Raymond P. Currier. 271 ARGENTINA. IIIotor Bible Car .. " ……….. 569 – B1shop Fisher in ……………………….. 824 ARMENIA be Saved? Will (b) …………. 59{) – Conventions Without Police ……………. 572 Armenian Children, Ma2;azine for ………… 156 – Needs of ……………………………….. 491 Armenians, America Educating …………… 155 – News from ……………………………… 24.1 Army. Chlnese Christian (a) .J. Goforth …. 841 Arnot's Missionary Adventures (a) Reviewed -Soli Culture and Soul Culture ln (a) B. C. Case ………………………………….. 619 by Jean Mackenzie …………………… 355 Buttered God In Jndla. A (b) A. M. Boggs … 766 ASIA. Educating the Women of (a) Mrs. H. Caddies. The Neglected ………………….. 332 W. Peabody …………………………… 86.5 Cairo. American University .•.•.•…….•••.. 240 -ASIA MINOR. Re-AIlgnment in (a) .Jno. E. Merrill ……………………………….. 755 – Students' Union in …………………….. 80G – in Pictures. Mrs. E. C. Cronk …..•.•….. 874 – University and the Sultan ………….•…. 488 – Missionary Meaning and Message ofJ Mrs. E. C. Cronk …………………………… 872 Cairo's Outcast Waifs ……………………. 156 Calcutta, Qonference in •……………….•.• 807 – Tree for All Nations, Mrs. E. C. Cronk .•. &72 – University of …………………………… 323 Cities, Investigating the (b) ……………… 667 California Oil Fields, Preaching in ……….. 161 CHfton Springs, Christ's Program at (a) Henrietta M. Hyslop ………………….. 695 Call for Men in 1921 (b) R. P. Wilder ……. 398 Community Service in Shanghai •.••.••……. 74 CAMBODIA-A Neglected Land (a) Robert A. Jal'fray …………………………….. 123 – What Every Church Should Know About CANADA, Gospel by Caravan …………….. 238 Its (b) ……………………………….. 564 Canadian School of Missions ……….. 0 •••••• 887 – Work for Women (b) Rolvix Harlan…… 64 Canal Zone, A Saving Force on …. 0 ••• 0.0.0 •• 159 Congo, Concerted Action in the •…••••……. 730 Canton, Gambling Abolished in 326 0 ••••••• 0 •••••• – Mission, Disciples' .•••.•••.•..••…•……•. 76 – Hospital Anniversary ………………….. 414 – Training Teachers in the ………………. 76 CAROLINES, Japanese Mission to ………… 78 Conferences, Missionary Methods from Sum- Catholic Activity in Congo ………………. 889 mer …………………………………… 711 Catholics Become Mohammedans ………… 155 Conscience and Reforms in India (b) •…… 748 Consecrated Gifts .•…… 637 ~. 0 _.0 _0 .0_ CENTRAL AMERICA, Three in One in ….. 9'l5 _ ••• 0 •••••• Centenary Response in Japan ……………. 415 Conventions, Successful ………………….. 56 Chaplains Needed, Army and Navy……….. 69 Coolies to Missionaries, Introducing ………. 151 Charts and Posters, Mission of ………….. 957 Cooperation. Achievements of Missionary (b) Chart, Make a, B. L. Mehlhouse …………. 96{) R. E. Speer …………………………… 396 Chicago Plan for Bible Scho01s ……………. 811 – in Counties, Church (b) ……………….. 509 CHILE, Christian Conference in …………. 656 Coptic Sunday-Schools ……………………. 329 – Reforms In …………………………….. 733 – Sunday-Schools …..•…•.•…•.•………•.• 650 – Stewardship In ………………………… 496 Court Trials and Religion ………………… 491 – Testimony of President of •…………..•. 410 Criminal Tribes of India …………………. 413 – Tithing in ……………………………… 160 Crisis in Education in Soutb Africa (b) ….. 593 CRINA, Aborigines in 493 0.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cronk …..•.•………….•………….•…. 957 – Against Early Marriage •……………..•.. 326 CUBA, Progress in ……………………….. 813 – Bib1e Dictionary Fire ………………….. 726 "Cup of Tea" in the Missionary Program, – Boy Scouts in Fukien ………………….. 726 Mrs. E. C. Cronk •……………….•…… 311 – Canton Hospital Anniversary. 0 •••••• _ •••••• 414 Czecbo-Sloyak National Cburch . _………… 411 – Christ the Hope of …………………….. 243 OzechoRSlovakia. Religious Awakening in (b) 425 – Christian Cooperation in ……………….. 912 – Protestantism in ………. _……………. " 977 – Christian High School in Changsha ……. 74 Czechs in America, Need of (b) ••••.••••.•..• 514 – Christian Literature Society ……………. 245 Daily Appears, A Christian …….. _……….. 160 – Compulsory Education ………………. __ . 492 DEATHS- – Developing Character in (b) A. L. Warn4 – Baker, William of Ire1and ………•……. 260 shuis ………………………………….. 37 – Christie, Rev. Thos., of Tarsus …………. 736 – Earthquake and Missions in (a) S. J. – Clark, Albert W., of Prague •…..•…••..•. 815 Garland o. •………•………•…..• 0 ••••••• 471 – Cochran, James. of China ……………… 893 – Experiment Station for Halnan …………. 652 – Farrar, James M., of BrooklYn .•…•…•. 736 – Famine Crisis Passed ………………….. 652 -Halsey, A. W., of New York …..•.•.•.•.•. 417 – Fighting Gambling Dens in Canton (b) … 347 – Harris, Bishop M. C., Df .Japan •..•……•. 498 – From Prisoner to Pastor ……………… 152 , – Hykes, J. R., of China ………………… 656 – Governor- Df Shansi ……………………. 325 – Jessup, William, of Syria …………….. 335 – Growing Radicalism in …………………. 891 – Jewett, Milo A., of Turkey …………….. 736- – Militarists Oppose Sun Yat Sen ……….. 809 –:- Lambuth, Bishop, of Japan ……•……… 893 – Mission Growth at Shuntefu … _……….. 244 – Macalister. Dr. George, of India ……….. 162 – Modern Movements in (b) ……. , ……… 751 – Maxwell, James L., of London ………… 498 -New Intellectual Movement in (a) A. L. — McLaughlin, W. P., of Buenos Aires . _. _. 417 Warnshuis ……………………………. 783 – McLean, A., of Cincinnati …… _………. 835 – Pagan Panic ……..•………………. 0·•••• 244 -Moses, Jasper T., of Mexico ……………. 656 – Popular Idolatry in (a) Chas. E. Scott … n6 – Nassau, Robt. Hamill. of West Africa …. 576 – Saving Life with Dollars (b) ………….. 348 – Peet, Mrs. W. W.~ of Turkey…………… 78 =~f:;loJc~~~ ~~~~~~~ t~d(~ld.~:~.::::::::::::: 41~ – Stearns, D. M., of Germ~ntQwn .•…•.•.•• 78 – Stevens, E. So, of Japan ……………….. 815 – SpIritual Results from Famine …..•……. 80S – Swift, Judson. of New York …………•.. 815 – Student Movement in ………………….. 573 – Thompson, R. W .• of Bulgaria .•…•.•…• 893 – The Opium Curse ………………………. 73 – Williams. of China. Dr. Mark …………. 162 – Wasted Life Redeemed …………………. 245 Denominational Forward Movements (a) …• 506 ~ What I Saw of Famine in (a) W. R. Lam- Developments in Missionary Education, T. H. P. Sailer ……………………………… 8&2 buth ………………………………….. 204 -Work for Women in Wenchow ……. _….. 246 Disciples, Open Membership and ………….. -68 Ohina's Bible Evangelistic Bands …………. 725 Divorce, To Regulate Marriage and . _… _. _.. 248 – First Woman Preacher …………….. __ … 594 Drink Bill, British ……………………. __ . 647 -Newest Thing in ABC's ……………….. 558 Dutch Churches, Missionary Work of (b) Chinese Analyze Aim of Missions …..•…•.. 414 Henry Beets ………………………….. 393 – Bib1e Magazine in .. __ …………. 0 ____ ….. 573 – Missions, Progress in (b) ………. ~ ……. 671 – Christian Army, A (a) J. Goforth …….. 841 Earthquake and Missions in Kansu (a) S. T. – Girl's Dream, A (b) …………………. , 639 Garland ………………………………. 471 – Haystack Band …………………………. 492 Eddy Meetings, At the …………………… 2M – in the Famine. Christian (b) ………….. 4,(4 – Meetings in Near East (b) …. …………. 6 – in Peking. Helping ……………………. 891 Editorial and Bnslness Chat ..343, 421, 581, 74{), 896 – Increased Liberality Among …….•…….. 808 Educating the Women of Asia (a) Mrs. H. – Priest Saved Through a Dream ……… _.. 463 W. Peabody …………………………… 865 – Students, Recruiting ……….. _………… 91 Education, Conference on Christian .•……• 729 Chuhras of India, Evangelizing the ………. 5 – of Japanese Women (a) A. K. Reischauer 199 Church at Home, Writing to the (b) …..••.• 223 Educational Commission to China •…….•… 652- -Facing its Task (b) …………………… 405 EGYPT, Continued Trouble in ……………. 649 – Membership Gains in America (b) …… __ 350 – Purity Campa.ign in …………….. ~ … _. _. 488 -Union in India …………………………. 979 – Purity Movement ………………..•……. 328 Churches and Re1ief ………………. ~ ……. 417 – Scarcity of Bible Women ………………. 156 Christian Endeavor Convention (b) ..••.••.• 686 -The New Woman of (b) ……………….. 432 – Endeavor World Convention •.•.. : ………. 286 – Unrest in … __ ." ………………….. ~ ….. 834 Egypt's Problem, Solution of (b) ………… 749 – Intervention in Latin America (b) G. B. Winton ……………………………….. 41 Emergency, Way Out of the Present (a) J. H. Franklin …………………………… 707 Chrlstianlty's Impression on Japan (a) D. B. Schneder •………….•………..•……… &75 Em:f2'rants. Japanese Women ……….•…..• 74 Christmas Decoration Suggestions ….. _….. 878 ENGLAND, Christian Campaign In ………. 158 – Religious Conditions in (b) ……….•….. 267 – Religious Mendicants …………………… 571 Essential in Missions, The Great (a) Dwight – Singing the Gospel in ………………….. 364 Goddard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 932 – Systematic Evangelism …………………. 242 "Eternal Salvation" Society ……………… 652 – Work of Famine Waif …………………. 154 EUROl'E, 'Baptist Work in ………………. 158 – Wanted Children of (a) Amy W. Car- Evangelism in Korea, Education and…….. 92 michael . . . . . . . . . . . 929 0 ••••• .' •••••••••••••', •••••• Famine in China, Extent of ……………… 151 Indian Affairs, New Commissioner of •.•.•..• 495 -In China, The (a) W. R. Lambuth …….. 204 – Missions, Episcopal ……………………. 70 – In North China ………………………… 11 -Nationalism and Missions (a) D. J. Flem- – Sufferers, Why Help …………………… 184 Ing ……………………………………. 1ZT Far East. After War In (b) ……………… 1 – Program, An .•.•••…•••.•.• o ••• o ••••••••• 0" 668 Federal Council of Churches (b) …………. 10 – Volstead Law ………………………….. 727 Feng, Bible Classes for General •…. , .•…… 725 Indlans-A Week at Sherman Institute (a) – Gov. Yen and Gen. (b) ………………… 845 Edith Menzer …………………………. 636 FIJI-A Notable Mission …………………. 566 – Educating the ………………………….. 812 Filipino Fisher for Souls, A (b) James A. – in California, Neglected (b) …………… 428 Graham •.•.•.•…•…..•.•.•.•.•••.•.•.•.•.• 606 – New Mission to American •…..•.•.•.•….. 333 Finnish Mission Society ………………….. 239 – North American, R. W. Roundy …..•….. 402 Five Against Seven Hundred (b) Mrs. D. S. – Seek Citizenship ……………………….. 70 Oyler …………………………………. 441 – Tepee Christian Mission ……………….. 654 Foreign Language Literature …..•. , ……. ,. 885 – Missionaries in Germany, Plight ·of (b) – Work Among Cr ow …. …………. …. . …..o•. 734 Indian's Advice to Ind ian Christians (b) 429 George Drach …………………………. 391 INDIA'S Unrest, Cure for (b) W. L. Fergu- Foreigners in Their Own Tongues, Speaking son •… ……………………………… •.• 34 to (a) Amy Blanche Greene …………… 856 – Unrest, Indian Christians on (b) ………. 180 Forward Movement in Korea (a) W. N. Blair 528 Industrial Experiment in Brooklyn ……….. 567 France, Gospel Distribution in …………… 158 – School, Elat, Africa ……………………. 330 – Rel1giolls Interest Growing in … ~ ……… , 888 Intellectual Movement in China, The (a) A. Gambling Dens in Canton, Figbting (b) …. 347 L. Warnshuls …………………………. 783 Gandhi and His Next Life ………………… 727 Interchurcb Movement Disbands (b) …….. 427 – Movement in India (b) ………………… 261 Interdenominational Institutions on Foreign. – on Christianization of India .•.•.•.•…•.••• 807 Field. Mrs. Wm. H. Farmer ………….. 141 Gideons Plan Large Work ………………… 654 International Friendship Promoted ., •.. , ..•• 667 Godless Socialism and the Children (b) ….. 592 – Missionary Committee (b) ..•..• 175 0 ••• 0 0 o •••• Governor of Bombay, Testimony of •…. , •••.. 490 – Missionary Council at Mohonk (b) •.•.•.•. 827 GREECE, The Bible In …………………… 159 – Missionary Union, Annual Meeting of (a) Greek Protestantism ……………………… 647 Henrietta M. Hyslop …………………… 695 GUATEMALA, Anti-Alcoholic League ……. 5u9 – Relations, Christian Principles in (a) W. – Rebuilding in …………………….•…..• 569 H. P. Faunce …………. , ………. ….. .•. 25 GUINEA, Living Epistles in New ………… 665 Investigating tbe Cities (b) ……………… 667 HallelUjah, The Hakim Sahib Has Come (b) Investments that Pay~ Making (b) …. ……. 96 Harry P. Packard …………………….. 644 Islam in Nigeria ..•………………….•…•. 889 Halsey. Abram Woodruff (a) Robert E. Speer 515 ITALY, Carrying Texts Through …………. 731 Harnessing youth for World Service (b) …. 586 – Methodism in •…•…•…•…..•.•…••….•• 331 Hawaii, Work tor Buddhists in …………… 56ft – Religious Trend in …………………….. 647 Hawaiian Figures, Some •………••••••••.•.• 566 Jaffna Going Dry ………………………… 491 Healing in Korea. Christian ••…••…•.•…. 246 JAl'AN, Baron Suggests Golden Rule …….. 810 Highlander and His Homeland. The Southern – Better Health for Woman ……………… 725 (a) Rodney W. Roundy ……………….. 945 – ,Bible Finds a Convert ………………… 674 Himalayan Mission Jubilee …•…….•……• 73 – Christianity's Impression on (a) D. B. Hindu Missionary Idea .•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•….. 323 Schneder ••…•……………..•…. 00 •••••• 675 – Missionary in California …..•. , .•.•…•.•• 409 – Construction Work in Miyazaki ……….. 573 – Temples, Fate of ..•.. 242 0 ………………….. – Demand for the Bible …………………. 724 -Testimony. A 728 0 ••• 0 •••• o ••••••••••••••••••••••• – Episcopal Growth in ……………………. 981 -Women, Modern Movements Among (b) •. 673 _First Census Completeti •……………….. 415 Hinduism in United States (a) Clifford M. – Interpreting Christianity to (b) ……….• 39 Drury ………. , ……………………….. 2B1 – Loving Neighbor Institute ……………..• 152 Home Missions, Conference on (b) ………. 177 – Missions and Peace in (b) ……… …….. 3 – Situation (b) Chas. L. Thompson ………. 399 – Opposition Overcome …………………… 416 HUNGARY, Present Situation in (b) …….. 589 – Present Situation in (a) Paul M. Kanamorl 682 ICELAND, Religious Work in (a) J. L. Nis- – Regards U. So, How …•…… , ….. 0., •••• o. 891 bet ………………. '………………….. 465 – Re-vlslted ………………………………. 809 Idolatry In China, Popular (a) Cbarles E. – Sacrltlclal Prayer ……………………… 725 Scott ………………………………….. 116 – Shifting Thoughts in (a) R. E. Speer…. 917 Immigrant-A Vital Problem. The (a) F. A. – The Monkey Temple ……………………. 153 Wallis ………………………………… 775 Japanese Be Christians, Can (a) George Immigration Meeting, A SUccessful …..•. , .. 145 Gleason. I. II ……………………..374, 459 INDIA, Anti-Caste Sentiment (bJ …… ….. 94 –Chinese Debate ……………… 0 •••••••••••• 335 – Anti-non-Cooperation ………………….. 6.51 – in California …..•………….•…..••…… 333 – Bangalore Conference ………. , ………… 808 – Institute in Chicago …………………… 237 – Bible Faith Mission ……………………. 727 – Problem in California (a) Paul B. Water- – Bible Selling Campaign ………………… 242 house …………………………………. 382 – Buttered God in (b) A. M. Boggs ………. 766 – Tribute to Missions ………………….. ,. 493 – Census Provokes Persecution …………… 726 – Women and Temperance ……………….. 573 – Census Reports and Christianity ….•….. 571 – Woman Emigrants …. •.•••………•….•..• 74 – Cooperative Loan Societies …………….. 728 – Women, Education of (a) A. K. Relsch- – Criminal Tribes ………. " ………. 413 auer . . • . . . • . • . . . . . • . . 199 0 •••••••••••••••••••••• , – Educatlng the Village People of (a,) H. P. Japan's "Garden of Children" …………….. 827 Beach …………………………………. 543 -New Religion … :: ……………………… 153 – Evangelizing Chuhras of ………………. 5 JERUSALEM, British Girls' High School … 489 – Famine Conditions ……………………… 323 – Missionary Conference in ….•…•.•…….. 649 – Gandhi Movement in (b) ………………. 261 – Negroes •………• : ….•.•…•………..•…• 237 – Hindu-Moslem Fraternity …..•…..•.•….. 807 – Population of the World ……………….. 249 – Lace Makers of •……..••….•.•.•.•…•.•. 728 – Restoration' Movement …………………. 241 – Maharajah's Gift ………………………. 651 Jewish Evangelization in Chicago ……….. 237 – Mahrattas Seek Purer Religion ~ ……….. 155. – Immigrants in Palestine ……………….. 978 – Miraj Hospital …………………………. 243 Jews Among World Nations …………… 0 •• 971 – Mr. Gandhi and His Next Life •……….. 727 Jews Drift from Faith ……………………. 568 – New Birth Illustrated ………………….. 324 – Arabs and Ch'ristians in Palestine (b) …. 907 – New Organiza.tion for Women ………….. 413 – in New Plllestine, The (b) …………….. 672 -Political and Religious Problems in …….. 512 -in PariSI Work for •.•.•.•.• 0 •••••••••••••••••• 496

– Missions to .. ; ……•………•…..•…•….. 576 MeXicans, Baptist Work for …………. 0 ••••

JUbilee of Woman's Baptist Society ..•••….. 498 MICRONESIA, Family Prayers In •………• 497 Kamerun Mission …….••…..•…..•…….•.• 575 Middle Age Missionary Methods, Mrs. E. C. – Unrest In the ………………………….. 731 Cronk …………………………………. 225 Kennedy School of Missions ………………. 734 Migrant Missionary Service ..•………..••••• 975 Mikado, Worship of ……………………….. 76 Khartum, Boys' Home …….. 156 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ministry. Recruiting for the •…………….. 733 Khorasan Robbers, Adventure with (a) D. Miraj Hospital .•…• "' ……………………. 243 -Hospital, Religious Work in (a) W. J. M, Donaldson …………………………. 761 Kobe, AuditorIum for …………………….. 724 Wanless, M.D. ••.•.•…….•.•……••.•.•• 2.77 KOREA, Causes of Revival In (b) •.•…..••• 668 Mission Study Anniversary •… , …………… 334 – Atheism In Schools .•…•……………..••• 982 Missionary and Other Forms of Religious J!1d- – Christian Advance In ••••.••…•••..•….•.• 346 ucation, Emi1y C. Tillotson …………… 881 – Christian HeaHng in Pyengyang …..••…• 241l – CounCil, National ……………………… 241 – Education in America (b) ……………… 882 – Commission on Education for .•………•.• 493 – Interest. How to Create (a) S. S. Hough .• 292 – Education and Evangelism in (b) …• ••••• 92 – Lessons in Sand ……………………….• 635 – Personals ….. 11)/, &16, 42(), 4l3, 581J, 660, 663, 743 – Forward Movement in (a) W. N. Blair •.• 028 – Substitutes ..•………………………•.•.• 334 – Growth of Sunday-Schools .••.•..•……… 328 Missions and World Peace (a) W. H. P. – Persecution and Progress in ……•… 0 ••••• 892 – Results of Kim Ik Tu's Revival ……….. 810 Faunce ………………………•.•.•.•••.• 25 – Promoting, Wm. A. Hill •…..•…•…•••.• 883 – Spreading the Christian Spirit in (b) O. – Turkish Treaty and (a) S. W. Boggs ..•.•• 107 R. A v i s o n . • . • . . . 40 0 • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Mohammedan Converts Association •.•..••.•.• 889 – Mosque at Detroit (a) S. M. Zwemer •.•.• 11)/ – Sunday-School Plana in ………………… 653 Mohonk, International Missionary Council at -Today, Christianity in (al W. A. Noble .. , 685 (b) •…•…..•••.•.•.•.••••..•••••••••••.•.••• 829 Korean Mission Assigned Territory ………. .246 Mongolian Plains, Adventures on the (a) – School in China. ………………………… 152 Mon1:~yRTe~~I.;;-n~teSt(;a;r'::ni··::::::::::::::: lli – Women, Magazine for …………………. 75 – Women's Educational Association ……… 154 – Women, The New •…•….••••..••.•••.••.•. 153 w. Koreans Eager for Knowledge .•…•…….•.• 72Q Mormonism, Conterence on … 886 0 ••••••••••••••• -of Today, and How to Meet it <al R. W. – in Manchuria, With the (.) R. Foote •• 633 Kurds, Missions Among …….•…•…•…•.. 570 Roundy ……………………………….. 21 LATIN AMERICA, S. G. Jnman •.•.•…•…• 401 Mormons and Polygamy ………………….. 495 Moros, Importance of Winning ……….••••• 497 – "Caleb and Joshua. SOCiety" ……………• 410 – Missionary to ………………………….. 18 – Christian Intervention in (b) G. B. Winton 41 Moslem and Christian Rule Compared .•••.••• 323 – Shadow and Light in' (al Webster E. – Converts, Letter of …………………….. 510 Browning .•…… ………… 0….·……"………….. …. – Mission to America (b) ………………… aG5 Laymen's Movement for Italy 385 – Student Perplexities ………….. '" ……. 890 71 – Voters in Algeria …………………….. ~ 486 – Organization, Christian … , …………….• 567 Mosque for Paris …………………………. 64-7 Movements, Denominational Forward (a) … 606 Lepers in Siam, Church for ……………… 491 Nationalism and Missions. Indian (a) D. J.' – Russian . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 0 ••••••••••••••••• -. • • • • • • • Lepers and the Gospel …………………….. 980 Fleming ………………………………. 1Z7 Nations, Are There Any Christian? (b) ….• 66.1j Leprosy, Progress in CUM <Jf ••.•.•.•••••••••• 914 LIBERIA, Negro Bishop for (b) …•.•…•..• fiB8 00: ~!:~IE!~t.d'kdiIyC~~~Wnm;· in"(i>i"':: ::::: :::: Liquor Trame, Native Races and •…… ,. •.•. 2~ "Little House" of Denver •.•.•••.•.•••…. ., … 88G – RedUCing Orphan Relief •.•..•.•..•……… 729 Lumber Jacks, Students Among tbe (aJ A.

W. Anthony ••.. ., …………. '" ……….. 595 Lutheran Cburch. Missions in the ………•. 161 – CounCil, Second National …..•.••..•……. 236 – Relief ••••••…..•.. " . . . . •. . . . •. •. . . . . . . • . . … 489 – Quadricentenary (b) …………………… 269 – The New (a) Sberwood Eddy …………. 101 Lutherans and Cooperation ………………. 332 Neg:rao. wA.mReroiucanndsy and Their Problems (a) – in India ……………………………….• -73 ………………..•……..• 2U MADAGASCAR, New Station in ………….. 983 f:I~ft~rl~n~,~~:tlie~~r.::: ::::: :::::::::: ::::::: :~ Magyars, Need of the …………………….. 885 New Era in Southern Methodist Missions (bl MALAYSIA, Immigration to ……………•.. 154 ~ Large Plans for ………………….•…•.• 247 R. B. Eleazer …………………………. 468 MALTA, Religious Liberty in ………•.•…• 239 NEW GUINEA, Fifty Years Work in ……… 735 MANCHURIA, Japanese Depredations In (bl 345 – With tbe Koreans in (aJ W. R. Foote …• 533 NEW HEBRIDES, The .•…•…………….• 162 – Makers, Ten Charges to Edith Thompson .. ~58 – Manifesto on Church Union .. , …………• 979 NEW ZEALAND, ChUrch Union in ……….. 983 – Holiness Convention in the ……………•. 161 Manila, For Chinese in ••…•…•…….•…..• 334 NICARAGUA, Sunday-School Methods in •••• 888 Mardin Mission. The …………………….. 571 ~lcodemus' Problem, A Chinese on …..•.•.•• 122- Marriage and Divorce. To Regulate ………• 248 IGERIA, Islam in ………………•.••..•••• 889 MARSHALL ISLANDS, Japanizing ……….. 78 =~!~i!::t~ i~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: i* MeAll Mission, Opportunities for. 0 •••• 0 •••••• 331 Nigerian Church Growth …………………. 651) McAU Mission, Fifty Years of ……………. 977 Nuggets from Recent Addresses •.•.••…….• 192 McLean, Archibald, Beloved D1sciple (a) NYASSALAND, New Station In ••.•.•……•• 487 Jnoo G. McGavran …………………….. 691 o Li'l' Lamb (Poem) Paul Lawrence Dunbar 454 Medical Mission Brotherhood ……………… 654 Opium Curse in China …………………… 18 – Research in Africa 81.5 0 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Organizations, Organizing Church (b) •.•.•.• 633 Mennonites Migrate Again …………..•….. 333 Orient, Christian Literature for, Alice M.

MESOPOTAMIA, Exiled Assyrians In (b) .•. 747 Kyle ………………………………….. 400 – Factors In Arabia and (b) …..•……….. 4 – ~omen Who Are Transforming the (b) •.• 475 Oriental and the Church in America, Geo. L. Methodist Gains on Foreign, Field •……….. 973 Methodism In Italy- ………………………. 331 Cady··················· .. ··· ……••••••••••• 4oo ::~~g~!S~r~:Sig~ag~:m~re'6o;;ie~~;;d~: . M~S: 332 oOrientals. Christian Work for …..•.•…•.•.• 68 on the Pacific Coast (a) Rodney W. Roundy 133 E. C. Cronk •.•..••.•.•…..•…………… 711 rp~anage. Armenian Boys' .•.•.•.•…….•.• 72 – in Africa., Better Mis~ionary (b) ………. 829 PaCific Coast, The Orientals on the (a) Rod..

– of' Many Minds, Mrs, E. C. Cronk ……… 145 nftv W. Roundy ………………………. 133 MEXICO, Gains in ……………………….. 160 PALESTINE, Bible Distribution In ••…•…. 411 – Gospel Sunplants Pistol ………………… 4-91) – Christian Conference in .•…..•…..•…… 978 – Jews, Ara~s and ChristIans In (b) …•…. 907 – Hopeful Signs in (b) ……………•……. 353 – The Jews In New (b) •.•..••••.•…….•…. 672 – Madame Carranza ……………………… 7~3 – to Have ReligIous Liberty …•………….• 729 – Methodist Aims In ……………•………• 814 Pan-Presbyterian Council .••……………•.. 973 Peace, Missions and World (al W. H. P. – Prohibition in …………………………. 569 Mexican Girls, Tf'xas Scbool for …… , ……. 887 Faunce ., .•.•• ~ ……………………………. .25 -In Our Mf~"t, TM (a) R. W. Roundy- •.•.• 3'1 -Problem Todav (b) ..•…..•… ; …………. 266 -Village Transformed …………………….. 887

VIII

– Missions and In Japan (b) •..•….•…….• 3 – Prisoners, OpportUnity Among (b) .• ,….. 7 – Programs to Promote (b) ……………… 825 – Prisoners, Work for …. ' ……………….. 497 Peking, American Institutions Dedicated in RUMANIA, The New …………………….. 648 Rumania and Religious Minorities (b) …… 911 (b) …………………………………… 833 Ryder Memorial Hospital …………………. 235 – Union Medical College (a) B. E. Read …. 925 Saalako, HOPi Indian Priestess (a) Coe – University Expanding ………………….. 325 Hayne …………………………………. 284 PERSIA, a Challenge to the Church (a) E. T. Sadhu Sundar Singh Impresses Africans …. 158 Allen …..•.•..••..•……………………. 13 Sahara, A Journey in the ………………… 730 – Adventure with Khorasan Robbers (a) D. Salvation Army, Buddhist ………………… 82'7 M. Donaldson ………………………… 761 Salvationists in West Africa ………….. _… 158 SANTO DOMINGO, Home Rule for ………. 331 Persian Cornelius, A …………….. , ….. , … 8{)6 – Women, Education for …. …. . . .. 978 – Missionary Problem of (a) S. G. Inman.. 43 – Protestant Work in (b) ……………….. 182 – Temple in Illinois (a) Geo. Craig Stewart 79.:J Personais1 Missionary Scandinavian Church Conference …..•…•.•. 56S School for Missionaries, A (a) R. M. Kurtz 303 167, 256, 420, 423, SSG, 660, 663, 743 – of Rabindranath Tagore (a) D. J. Flem- PERU, Contrasts in ……………………… 410 PHILIPPINES, A Mora Steward …………. 735 Ing ……………………………………. 648 Plans for Missionary Meetings ., …………. 711 Schools, Bible in Public (b) …………….. 666 – of Missions …. , ..•………..•…..•……… 407 POLAND, Destitution in …………………. 88S – of Missions, Mrs. Luke Johnson ……….. 722 – Gospel Work in •••…………………….. 159 Scotland. Temperance Vote in …….•…..•. 496 Political and Religious Problems in India … 512 Porto Rican Schools, Bible in …………….. 7{) Scottish Y. W. C. A., Independence for .•.•. 238 PORTO RICO, Cooperatiou In (b) ……….. 430 Scouts in Cairo, Girl ……… , ……………. 650 – Crowded Conditions in …………………. 732 Senegal Mohammedans …………………… 650 Serbian Church R~rganized ….. ' •……….. 649 – Ryder Memorial Hospital ……….. ,., …. 2-36 Shadow and Light in Latin America (a) – Students in •……………………………. 975 – Union Church …..•….•………………… 910 Webster E. Browning ………………… 385 -Yo M. C. A. in …………………………. 975 Sherman Institute, A Week at (a) Edith -Twenty Years Progress in (a) Philo W. Menzer ……………………………….. 536 Drury ………..•……. '" …………….. 207 Shinto Sect in Disfavor ………………….. 892 Portugal, Changing ………………………. 888 – Shifting Thoughts of (a) Robert E. Speer. 917 Portuguese Opposition to Missions (b) …. ,. 2£2 SIAM, Church for Lepers in …………….. 491 Poster Makers, Materials for, Maude E. – Future Queen of ………………………. 324 Bradley ……………………………….. 964 -Tal Race of (a) J. A. Eakin …………… 368 Posters~ ~akin~ Missionary,. B. C. Millikin . 957 – Testimony of U. S. Minister to, Geo. W. – ProhibitlOns In East AfrIca …………… 426 Prayer and the Present Crisis …………… 89 P. Hunt ………………………………. 564 Singing tbe Gospel in India ………………. 354 – Effeetual Fervent ……………………… 732 – for Schools, Day of …………………….. 811 Slavery Dead in Africa, Is'? (a) Travers Bux- ton ……………………………………. 853 – for Students, Day of …………….. : ….. 162 – Meeting "Extra" ……… , … ' ………….. 416 Sleeping Sickness. New Treatment for ……• 815 Smyrna, Student Christian Conference at (b) 513 – Program, of. Mrs. E. C. Cronk …………. &52 Socialism and the Children, Godless (b) ..• 592 . – Sacrificial ……………………………… 725 Soil Culture and Soul Culture in BUrma (a) – Striking Answer to … , ……. , ………….. 889 B. C. Case ……………………………. 619 Praying Through the Review (b) ………… 50S SOLOMON ISLANDS, Akalo Worship …….. 655 Presbyterian Figures, Some ………………. 811' SOUTH AMERICA, New Bible SOCiety Agency 332 .- South American ………………………… 976 President's Missionary Tour, The (b) ……. 585 Press, Move to Muzzle the ……. . ……. 352 Southern Hh;-hlander and His Homeland (a) Printed Page in Japan ………… _. _………. 152 Rodney W. Roundy …………………… 945 Prisoners, Opportunities Among Russian (b) 7 SPAIN'S Protestant Colony………………. 77 Spanish Christian General ……………….. 330 Problems in South Africa, ,Present (a) J. Dexter Taylor ………………………. , … 847 Speech, When You Make a Missionary (Sym- poslum) ……………………. " ………. 395 Prohibition, Results from ., ……….. , ……. 160 "Star of Ho-pe" in Paterson (b) Peter Starn, Protestantism, Proclamation Against …….. 61).5 Jr. .. ………………………………….. 449 Punjal?, Progress in ……………………… 573 Stearns. The Missionary of D. M. (a) Stella "Purity Movement" In Egypt …………….. 328 C. Dunkelberger ……….•………•.•….. 139 Quebec, Itinerating in ………. ' …………. 734 Stewardship, Steps in ……………………. 632 Questionnaire, MIssionary ………………… 249 Stone, Letter from Dr Mary …………….. 319 Race Problem, Solving the ………………. 885 Student Christian Conference at Smyrna (b) 513 Ramabai and Her Daughter Pandita (b) C. – Federation, Christian …………………. 68 Butler ………………………………… 859 – Movement in China …………………….. 573 Reading Contest Plan. Practical …………. 636 – Work in Austria (b) ………………….. 670 Re-Alignment -In Asia Minor (a) Jno. E. Students Among the Lumber Jacks (a) A. Merrill ……………………………….. 755 W. Anthony …………………………… 595 Recreation and the Country Church (b) S. – and the World, British (a) K. S. Latour- . .. .. .. .. E. Persons ……………. _. _…………… 404 ette …………………………………… 299 Rec~:I~~~:r. :-:~~~~~~i.~~ ~~ ~~~ ~~.~~~~.' ~' ~: 67 . , Recruiting Chinese …………………….. 91 StUdents' Union in Cairo , ………………… 806 Relief. Ameriean Management or …………. 326 – for Orphans, Reducing …………………. 729 Study Books, Interesting …………………. 719 SUDAN, Conditions in the ………………… 730 Religious Bodies in America, Present Status – Five Against Seven Hundr-~d (b) Mrs. D. of (a) Walter Laidlaw ………………. 509 S. Oyler ………………………………. 441 – Conditions in England (b) …….. , …….. 2(17 – United Mission …………………………. 575 – Eduf'ation, School of ………………….. 409 Suicides in Japan, Signboard for (a) ……. gOS – Freedom in Europe …………………….. 814 SUMATRA, A Cannibal's Grandson . _. _…… 565 – Work in Mirai Hospital, India (a) W. J. Summer School of Foreign Missions (b) …. 803 Manless, M.D. .. ………………………. 277 Sunday Observance in Japan …………….. 327 Resrue of Three Thousand Christians (b) – Missionary Interest In the (b) …………. 753 Harry P. Packard ………………. _….. 644 – StatistiCS ………………………….. " …. 498 Sunday Schools, CoPtic ………………….. 329 Revelations of City Surveys (a) Merle Higley 767 Revival in Korea, Causes of (b) …. , •……. 66~ – in Near East …………….•……………• 412 – on Foreign Fie1d ………………………. 676 Riots in South India …………………….. 891 Rockefeller Gifts ………………………… 40~ Sun Yat-sen, Militarists Oppose …..•…….• 8!Y.l – Sunday~scbool Convention in …………. ,. 976 Roman Catholics, Baptists vs…………….. 250 Rmtenwald FUnd at Wor-k ………………… 216 Surveys, SOCial and Religious ……………. 408 RTTSSIA and the Bible ………………….. 159 – Some Revelations of Oity (a) Merle Hig- – Relief for ……………………………… 888 lev ……………………………………. 767 – Re1!~lon In Soviet (b) …………………. 511 -. Religious Currents in (b) ……………… 74G SYRIA, Two Missionary Educators in (a) .. 193 – Rellglon in ……………………………. 3~1 Syrian Evangelists for Moslems ….••……. 240 Russian Girls in Constantinople …………. 814 – Missionary's ExperienCe (b) George T. – Kaiser's Estate for Mission .•.•.•…. ; ….•. 241 Scott ………………………………….. 464 – Transfer of Mardin Mission ..•…….•.•… 72 Ukraine Terror, The …………………….. 649 – Orphanage, Save a …………………….. 155 Uyemura, Japanese Christian Leader (a) S. Tagore, School of Rabindranath (a) D. J. H. Wainright …………………………. 023 Fleming ………………..•……………. 549 Vatican and Y. M. ·C. A………………….. 248 ~ Scotland Protests Envoy to ……………. 238 TAHITI, News Irom ……………………… 497 VENEZUELA, A Neglected Neigbbor (a) W. Tal Race 01 Siam, The (a) J. A. Eakin …… 368 Tax Laws, Missionaries and………………. 68 E. Browning …•.•…………………….. 937 Telugu Woman's Society ………………….. 979 Village People of India, Educating the (a) Temperance in Siam ……………………… 413 ~ Indian Volstead Law …………………… 727 H. P. Beach ………………………….. 543 – Vote in Scotland ………………………. 496 VIRGIN ISLANDS ……………………….. 247 ''"fen Commandments Unknown ……………. 566 Waldensian Schools …………………… ~ .•. 647 Tennessee's Educational Need ……………. 333 War, Christians Appeal Against …………. 567 Thank-Offering Methods, Mrs. E. C. Cronk . 797 Wanted Children of India, The (a) Amy W. Thank-Offerings, LitUe Storjes of Great …. 799 Thanksgiving Suggestions ………………… 798 Carmichael ……….•…………………•. 9:29 – in Far East, After the (b) ……………… 1 THESSALONICA, Agricultural Institute in . 732 World Situation, The Present (b) D. L.

H~~~~I~ec~~tt~~,;~ '1;;':' ii~dh~ 'S;;';d;':~ ·S;h.iih 656 Pierson …………•.•…….•…•…•……. 395 W. Peabody ………141,319, 482, 68~, 803, 96. (a) …………………………………… 862 Woman's Home Mission Bulletin, Florence E. Tibetan Day School ………………………. 809 Quinlan …………….<14, 231, 404, 559, 719, 881 -News •……………….•………•……….. 672 Tibetans, Baptism of …………………….. 434 Women, Better Health lor Japanese ……… 726 – Pioneering Among the (a) A. L. Shelton .. 6(Y1 Woman's ForeIgn Mission Bulletin ……….. 967 Tokyo ConventiO'!l, Aftermath of the (b) …. 99 – United Conferences ot …………………. 180 Tract Society. Chicago …………………… 409 Wyburn. John H. (a) Ernest D. Pierson …. 451 Transvaal Mission ………………………… 77 YAP, Island of •••..•.••..•.•.•.•…•…•……. 66'5 Truth and Half Truths (b) ………………. 268 Yen, and Gen. Feng, Gov. (b) ……… ~.*.~. 84~ TURKESTAN, Sarts of …………………… 490 ~ V~ti~anA~~~ ~.~~~~.~.::: :::::::::::::::: :::::: i:~ Turkish Orthodox Church . 729 * .. * ……………. – Treaty and Missions (a) S. W. Boggs …. 1G7 YUCATAN, Religious Instruction in …….. 331 Y. W. C. A., Independence for Scottish …… 233 TURKEY, A Liberating Force in (a) Jas. L. – Leaving the British ……………………. 71 Barton .•.. '" ………………………….. 31 Zion-jst Leaders Disagree ………………… 736 Zulus, Industrial Mission for …….•..•….• 77 NEW BOOKS American Bible Society, The Report ……… 579 Lectures on Systematic Theology. Charles G. Finney ……………………………….. 740 America's Stake in the Far East. Chas. H. Leper Problem in India, The …………….. 339 Fahs ………………. : …………•…..•.. 679 Letters o-f a Javanese Princess. R. A. Kar- Approaches Toward Church Unity. Smyth tlnl …………………………………… 252 Medical Missions. W. R. Lambuth ………. 336 and Walker ………………………….. 339 Message 01 Sadhu Sundar Singh. Canon B.

Arabian ProJ}het, The. Translated from Chi- H. Streeter …………………………… 737 Missionary Survey. R. Allen and T. Coch- nese ………………………………….. 817 o rane •………..•………………………. 336 Army and Religjon ……………………… " 79 Mr. Friend o' Man. Jay T. Stocking……… 82 My Son. Cora Harris ……………………. sa8 Call to Unity, The. Wm. T. Manning •…..• 578 Myth of Jewish Menace in World Affairs, Case of Korea,' The. Henry Chung …….•.. 738 ~ The. Lucien Wolf ……………………. 578 Castaway in Kavirondo. A. A. M. E1verson • 739 Natives of Northern Territories of the Gold Cllaracter Building in Kashmir, C. E. Tyn- Coast. A. W. CardinalI ………………. 895 dale-Biscoe .•.•………………………… 164 Near East, Cross Roads of the World …..•. 336 Near Side of the Mexican, The Question. Christian Movement in Japan, Korea and Formosa ………………………. : …….. 984 Jay S. Stowell ……………………….. 677 Neighboring Americans. Mary C1ark Barnes 500 Christian Unity ………………………….. 577 New Jerusalem, The. G. K. Chesterton .•… 418 Pearl's Secret. Mrs. Howard Taylo-r ……… 5IJ'1 Christianity the Final Religion. S. M. Zwe- Persian Pie. James H. Linton …….. ~ …… 657 mer …………………………………… 337 Problem ot Christian Unity, The. S. Parkes Church and Industrial Reconstruction ……. 263 Cadman and -others …………………… 578 Church and the Community. R. E. Diffendor- Protestant MiSSionary Directory for India … 418 Quiet Talks About Life After Death. S. D. fer ……………………………………. 337 City of Rams, The. G. L. Bendelback ……. 558 G o r d o n 658 t • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • , ••• Dawn of aNew Era in Syria, The. Margaret Reminiscences of Daniel Bliss …………… 251 Rural Evangelism. James E. Wagner •…•. 600 McGilvary …………………………….. 163 Russia in the Shadows. H. G. Wells •….•.• 499 Earnest of the Coming Age. A. B. Simpson. 579 Schools with a Message in India. D. J. Flem- Enlisting for Christ and the Church. H. A. ing ……………………………………. 500 Johnston . • . • . . . • . . . • . . . . •. . . . . •••. . . . • . • . •.. 837 Fijian Society. W. Deans ………………… 657 Shepherd of Aintah. Alice Shepard Riggs " 164 Finding the Way Out. R. R. Moton …….. 252 Six Thousand Country Churches. C. O. Gill Friday's Footprints. Margaret Applegarth .. 739 From Survey to Service. H. Paul Douglass 738 and Gifford Pinchot …………………… 500 Frontier Folk. L. A. Star ………………… 667 SonJi{S and Tales from the Dark Continent. God's Living Oracles. A. T. Pierson …….. 578 Gotama Buddha. Kenneth J. Saunders •.•… 499 Natalie Curtis … " …….. ,," …………. 578 Hainan, The Island of Palms •………… , .. 337 Spending of a Thank-Offering, The ………. 339 History 01 the Japanese Poop Ie. Capt. F. Star In the East. A. Edw. N. Harris" …… 419 Thirteen Upanishads. The ……………… o. 894 Brinkley ………………………………. 163 Through Santo Domingo and Haiti. S. G. History of WlIIlam Taylor-Self-Supporting Inman …………………………… , ….. 80 Missions in South America, Goodsil F. True Church, Tbe. Edited by Hoste and Mc- Arms ………………………………….. 984 Home Mission Trails. Jay S. Stowell •……. 336 Elberan ……………………………. '" 577 Home Missions Council Report …………… 499 Under Many Flags. K. S. Cronk and E. Slng- Home with the Open Door, The. Mary Schaumer Platt ………………………. 739 mast.er ……………………..•.•…•…..• 738 Immigration and th& Future. Frances KeUer 817 ~r~~~n~f~~~e;:!' tJ~hl'j;;: ~~~~~~e~i.I~;.~ ~~~ James Stokes-Pioneer. Edited by F. W. Workine: Girls of China. E. E. Wbimster '" 657 Ober ………………………………….. 577 World Friendshio. J. Lovell Murray •……. 7aS Jesus in the Experience of Men. T. R. Glover 737 Yarns of the Near East. Basil Mathews ~ … 500 Jobn Smith Moffat. R. U. Moffat ………… 816 Kanamori's Life Story. By Himself ……… 817

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1921

XLIV NUMBER

THE MISSIONARY EW, NOVEMBER, 1921 ARABIAN CHILDREN AT HOME ELEANOR T. CALVERLEY A CHINESE CHRISTIAN ARMY JONATHAN GOFORTH IS SLAVERY DEAD IN AFRICA?

TRAVERS BUXTON SPEAKING TO FOREIGNERS IN THEIR OWN TONGUE AMY BLANCHE GREENE A RECENT TOUR IN TIBET SADHU SUNDAR SINGH EDUCATING THE WOMEN OF ASIA MRS. H. W. PEABODY $2.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COPY MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY 3d aIld REILY STS., HARRISBURG, PA. 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK The Sacrament of the Lord's Supper gains in dignity, devotion, solemnity and impressive- nesS through the consciousness of its being served in cups that are absolutely sanitary, and free from the dangers that are associated with public drinking cups.

The Holy Communion There is no time in the Christian's life when he comes into closer and more inti- mate relationship with the Divine than when he sits at the Lord's table. The Christian examines himself and looks for- ward to the sacrament of communion as a season of blessing. Why not approach its celebration with unalloyed joy; dis- carding all fears; thinking only of the wonderful priyilege?

A Time of Reverence It is now generally recognized that the Sanitary individual cup increases the at- tendance because it removes all fear of uncleanliness, and promotes a deeper rev- erence in the communicant. The Sani- tary Communion Outfit Company offer an improved and satisfactory outfit throughout, including <the highly polished beautiful mahogany tray here shown. This tray eliminates all noise, is lighter and more easily handled than others and is more in keeping with the furniture of the church than a tray of any other material. Make your communion service all that it should be; send for free booklet and cata- logue (with quotations).

NOTE-In many states the law DOW for- Sanitary Communion Outfit Co. bids the use of the single cup at the communion service. It should not be necessary 600 57th Street to await this in your own locality. Theold Rochester, N. Y. style is unclean and unsanitary. Many thorou..:hly: good Christians have [('frained from partaking of COIDmunion for this very reason. If you have nd yP,t adopted the modern. sanitary communion cup, let this be one of your first forward steps in 1922.

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Please mention THI( MISSIONARY RlCvntw OF 'tH~ WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor CONTENTS FOR NOVEMBER, 1921 Page FRONTISPIECE …………………… STRIlE:T SCE:NE: IN AN ARABIAN TOWN EDITORIAL COMMENT ……………………………………………. 825 PROGRAMS' TO PROMOTE PEACI AM~RICAN INSTITuTIONS DEDICATED INTERNATIONAJ, MISSIONARY COUNCIl, MISSIONARY EDUCATION IN AMERICA BETTER METHODS II'! AFRICA UNR£5T IN EGYPT ARABIAN Cj'IILDREN AT HOME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EUANOR T. CAl,VERUY, M.D. 835 A graphic description of the life and training of children in Arabia, 'Written by the only woman medical missionary in that great peninsula.

A CHINESE CHRISTIAN ARMy …………………….. JONATHAN GOFORTH 840 The results of Christian work carried on among Chinese soldiers by a general who owes his conversion to the Boxer Rebellion.

GENERAL YEN AND GENERAL FENG . . . . . . . . . . GURAl,DJNE GUINNESS TAYI,OR 845 An account of a visit to two Chinese generals. one a non-Christian and the other a Christian leader of his men.

PRESENT PROBLEMS n: SOUTH AFRICA ………. JAMES DEXTER TAYLOR 847 A report of a most important missionary conference in South Africa, taMng up the post-war problems of evangelization.

IS SLAVERY DEAD IN AFRICA? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRAVERS BUXTON 85~ The present labor situation and t'he effect of the mandates on the social and industrial conditions of the "Dark Continent,"

SPEAKING TO FOREIGNERS IN THEIR OWN TONGUES …………….. . AMY Bl,ANCHJ( GREJ(NJ( 856 PANDITA RAMABAI AND HER DAUGHTER . . . . . . . . . . CI.EMENTINA BUTI.ER 859 A RECENT TOUR IN TIBET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SADHU SUNDAR SINGH 862 EDUCATING THE WOMEN OF THE ORIENT . . . . . . MRS. H. W. PEABODY 865 THE MISSIONARY MEANING AND MESSAGE OF CHRISTMAS ……. . MRS. E. C. CRONK 872 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN, EDITED BY FWRENCE E. QUINI.AN 881 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ………………………………………. 885 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY 898 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1921, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office at Harrisburg, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

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A Street Scene in an Arabian

Showing the style of building, and an Arab Woman in Street Attire

NOVEMBER, 1921

XLIV ELEVEN PROGRAMS TO PROMOTE PEACE I T is a widely heralded fact that on November eleventh, the repre- sentatives of the leading nations will meet in Washington, D. C., at the invitation of President Harding, to discuss the limitation of armaments, and certain problems and policies that relate to peace in the Far East. Few will deny that it is time such an international conference was held. There has been for years a race between the leading nations to determine which shall have the most formidable array of forces for attack and defense. One battleship costs as much as is spent annually on the entire public school system of a city, and some nations tax their people to poverty and spend over ninety percentage of their income in order that they may be prepared for war. The immense fleets of naval vessels and the great armies supported by taxpayers are practically useless for constructive purposes, and are not needed except to overawe possible antagonists or to destroy life and property in war time. Vessels costing $40,000,000 are obsolete in a few years. A certain amount of national and international police force is necessary, and it would be possible to use armies and 'navies to some extent in constructive, sanitary, medical, economic and relief work. As a matter of general practice they are not so used. Today the active armies of the fourteen leading nations are estimated at six million men. America has 400,000 men in the army and navy, and spent last year $4,238,000,000 for the army, the navy and pensions. France on the other hand, with two-fifths the population, has 1,034,000 active troops and 4,270,000 reservists! No wonder that her people are threatened with bankruptcy.

If these armaments prevented war, and so protected life and property, there might be some justification of this expenditure of money and energy, but they have not and will not prevent it. 'With Europe an armed camp in 1914 nearly ten million men were killed and $186,000,000,000 were spent in the late war. The more one nation 825

increases its armaments and enlarges its naval program the more suspicious other nations become. As a result, unfriendliness and the war-like spirit are fostered.

The money s~ent on building and maintaining armies and navies might be used for schools, hospitals, roads, harbors and waterways, for scientific research and inventions, for sanitation and philanthropic relief work. Is it any wonder that the Federal Council of Ohurches, representing 150,000 Protestant churches in America, calls on Christians to observe Sunday, November 6th, and the succeeding days for special prayer in preparation for the Washington Conference7 They also recoIDIDend public mass meetings in October and early November to discuss the question and to make tho people's voice heard in government circles". Tho cooperation of all Christian organizations is asked to promote the movement in favor of the reduction of armaments and the peaceable settlement of all international disputes. Thanksgiving Day services may well be used to help stimulate national godliness and international goodwill.

The call to prayer and consecration reads in part as follows: "The coming Conference on Limitation of Armament brings to all Christian people a priceless opportunity. To all good citizens indeed, and to all lovers of humanity, it is a time of challenge and of hope, but supremely so to those who have seen in Jesus Christ a revelation of love and brotherhood as the true way of life. To hear convincing witness everywhere to this faith is our privilege and our duty in the present crisis.

"With harrowing memories of more than ten million men who laid down their lives in the awful holocaust from which we have just emerged, of the countless homes bearing burdens of anguish and suffering, of the desolation and pestilence that have sprung from the war and still ravage whole peoples, and, most of all, of the aftermath of bitterness, suspicion and hate which pervade all lands, let us insist far more vigorously than we have ever done before, that war is an unmitigated curse to humanity and a denial of the Christian Gospel. Let us declare plainly that in every war the Son of Man is put to shame anew and that every battlefield is a Calvary on which Christ is crucified afresh.

"Let us not shrink from proclaiming uneqUivocally that war is not a necessity, that the pacific settlement of every international question is possible, that a warless world can really be achieved. Our witness must be unmistakable that force is not the final arbiter among the nations, but that justice, reason and good-will can control their life as well as the lire of individual men. To continue to point to the mailed fist as our ultimate reliance and to carryon a program of mutual distrust and fear, is to undermine the very foundation of our Christian faith….. Let us repeat from one end of the nation to the other the discerning words of our Government's official invitation to the Conference: 'The rivalries of armaments are not only" without economic justification, but are a constant menace to the peace of the world.'

"Let us pray unceasingly that the Spirit of God may guide our leaders assembled at the conference of the nations, that unselfish motives and wise counsels may prevail. Let us give ourselves unstintedly to cultivating a Christian public opinion so strong that it will make possible the richest results from their deliberations. We cannot be satisfied with a mild curtailment of

EDITORIAL COMMENT

our military expenditure. Nothing less than a far-reaching reduction in armaments on sea and land can suffice…..

""Vith a more poignant realization than we have ever had before of the terrible consequences of national selfishness, let us humbly confess our own share of sin in participating in the race of armaments, in seeking our own advantage regardless of neighbors, in adding to the world's burden of suspicion and distrust. Let us, as a people, open wide our hearts to the divine spirit of love and brotherhood revealed to us in its fullness by Jesus Christ. Let us dedicate ourselves anew to building in this war-ridden earth the City of God foretold by the mouth of prophets since the world began."

Such steps should be taken to promote peace but when every effort has been made to persuade national governments to adopt a sane program, the fact remains that the only hope of peace and goodwill among men is the acknowledgment of God and obedience to His laws. Only regenerated men can constitute a regenerated world. The wisdom and experience of men are not equal to the task of gov- erning the world. Therefore the missionary task of the Churchthe lifting up of Jesus Christ, as Son of God and Saviour of man,- is essential to the success of peace conferences. The preaching of the Gospel of Christ in its fulness means the introduction of God's ideals personal, national and world-wide.

INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY COUNCIL AT MOHONK A CONFERENCE of unusual interest and far reaching importance 1"1.. was held at Lake Mohonk, New York, September 30 to October 6. It was the first meeting of the newly formed International Missionary Council, which is the successor to the Edinburgh Continuation Committee, formed in 1910. At the Mohonk Conference, about sixty representatives of the national missionary bodies came together from fourteen different countries to study ways of promoting unity and cooperation, and to consider the most effective solution of some very pressing, present day problems in missionary work.

The special significance of this gathering is, first, in the purpose that it has in view. By the very nature of missionary work in non- Christian lands many of the problems that face the societies are international in character, and involve questions which have to do with national governments, and cannot be effectively dealt with by individual missionaries or societies. Some of these questions have already been solved through the influence of the Edinburgh Continuation Committee, or its temporary, war-time successor, the Emergency Missionary Committee.

Another evidence of the importance of this Council is its representative character. The members are selected by national missionary conferences, and these in turn are responsible to the individual missionary organizations. The Council has no legislative power, but is purely advisory; at the same time it represents the various missionary boards and societies in their contacts with governments.

The Council was organized with Dr. John R. Mott as chairman, J. H. Oldham and A. L. Warnshuis as secretaries and J ames M~ Speers as treasurer. The plan is to hold a meeting of the Council once in two years, and this body is also authorized to call another world-wide missionary conference when the time seems ripe. Among the delegates were missionary executives from the United States and Canada, Great Britain and Ireland, Australia, South Africa, France, Holland, Sweden, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, Finland, Japan, China and India. They included a Japanese Methodist Bishop, an Anglican Bishop formerly in Madagascar, a Dutch baron, an English baronet, the son of an African chief, a Hindu, two Japanese, two Chinese and a Burmese woman physician. Among them were the best informed and most influential missionary statesmen and executives of the Protestant Church.

Three problems of especial importance were considered, which will be discussed more fully in the next number of the REVIEW. These were: (1) The relation of the mandatory governments in Africa and Asia to missionary work and the labor problem; (2) The relation of the native church to the missionaries in the various fields; (3) The exclusion of German missionaries from many of their former fields of work.

The officers of the Council were authorized to take up, especially with the French and Portuguese Governments, the difficulties that are now being put in the way of Christian missionary work in Angola, Portuguese East Africa, Syria and the Kamerun country in West Africa. These difficulties include compulsory labor and the prohibition of the use of the vernacular in schools and churches. In discussing the difficult question of self-government in native churches, a sub-committee was appointed, composed of the Japanese, African, Indian and Chinese members of the Council. The suggestions made by this committee were adopted in the final report, which loob forward toward the autonomy of the native churches as soon as satisfactory leaders can be trained and when the church reaches a sufficient degree of strength.

The Council expressed deep concern over the exclusion of German missionaries from many fields. This" inflicts deep injury on the spiritual life of Germany by preventing the expression of vital spiritual forces, by weakening bonds of international fellowship, by depriving non-Christian people of help otherwise available, and by retarding the development of abiding friendship among nations." It was stated that the German missionaries in war time, working under the flags of other nations, were not guilty of acts of disloyalty, or of attempts to excite disloyalty among peoples of the country; and that nothing of this sort characterized the policy of German missionary societies. The continued restrictions imposed upon these

1921J EDITORIAL COMMENT

German missions endangers the principle of religious liberty. The wounds of war cannot be healed until the way is open for German missionaries to resume their work.

A Committee of the Council, composed of six American members, four British and two from the European Continent, with the officers, was appointed to act between meetings of the whole Council. It is expected that the next meeting will be held in Europe in 1923. In the meantime, it is proposed that Dr. John R. Mott visit Japan and China during the coming year to attend special Conferences, and that in the near future another world missionary Conference be held in the interest of work for Moslems.

BETTER MISSIONARY METHODS IN AFRICA .nA.COMMISSION of the Phelps-Stokes Fund, cooperating with the Foreign Missionary Societies of North America and Great Britain, has recently returned from an extended tour of investigation of missions in Africa. Their report, which is soon to be published, contains many valuable criticisms and suggestions that may result in some radical changes and improvements in educational methods in African Missions. The commission was led by Dr. Thomas Jesse Jones, Educational Director of the Fund and specialists on racial education in the United States. 'rhe party also included Dr. Henry S. Hollenbeck, a specialist in tropical hygiene, Mr. and Mrs. Wilkie, Scotch missionaries on the Gold Coast, and fOl,lr others.

The chief criticism which the Commission makes on educational missionary work in Africa, and the one on which their constructive suggestions are based, relates to the adaptation of education to the African's condition and need. Too often educational systems, both in America and in mission lands, are controlled by tradition or custom, although methods adapted to highly civilized society are inefficient when applied to primitive peoples. The Commission believes that this explains the s.low progress and unsatisfactory results in much of the mission work in Africa.

The following principles are set down by the Commission as essential to the development of character and the elevation of native communities.

1. Education should be adapted to the development of healthy human beings and sanitary community conditions. Among the primitive people of Africa, with their exceedingly high death rate, schools· should deal directly and effectively with this vital need.

2. Skill in the cultivation of the soil is important not only as a means of supply for the family and for market production, but much more for the development of character. Soil cultivation is co-working with God, and this instruction should be made a regular part of the

school curriculum, not merely as a part of the labor system of the school to reduce expenses. If the natives of Africa are ever to take their place among the peoples of the earth it will be through the effective use of their agricultural resources. Training in the larger operations of farming may well wait until the simpler forms of gardening have been adequately taught.

3. Every pupil should be taught the special form of handicraft required and the use of materials available in the communities where they are to live. The education of the hand is also the education of the head and of the heart. The educational systems which we have observed either make no provision for handicraft, or they go to the other extreme in the endeavor to teach highly technical trades through long time apprenticeship. In the selection of the type of handwork to be taught, the institution should be guided by the conditions in the native villages to which the pupils are to go. This instruction should include the use of wood, clay, cane, hides or iron, or any other product which may be discovered in sufficient quantity to be useful.

4. Schools in every part of the world are only beginning to recognize the educational possibilities of the sleeping and eating conditions in boarding schools. Is it not presumptuous to teach reading and writing while we are neglecting the manner of eating and sleeping7 Every boarding school should have such facilities and such supervision as will convince the native pupils that the sleeping and eating functions are equal in educational importance to any other in the school program. Conditions in some excellent schools we visited may properly be described as shocking.

5. The African village cannot be effectively or permanently improved without a distinct elevation of African womanhood. Everywhere we have heard of the difficulties of obtaining girls and of retaining them for sufficient time to influence their habits, and of sending them back to places where they can work with success. We saw, however, enough instances of success to prove that it can be done. The greatest factor in this success has been the demand of young African men for educated, Christian wives.

6. Training in the proper use of leisure time is by no means a luxury. Many natives are undermining their health and morals through a failure to use their time in recreations that build up their bodies and their minds. Native communities mav be turned from excessive sex indulgence and other harmful pleasu"res to recreations .that improve the physique, morals and morale.

7. While schools have made instruction in the rudiments of knowledge their chief object, they have not made a selection closely related to the life of the people. Few reading classes use the won- derful stories of men of African origin. Arithm@tical problems have

EDITORIAL OOMMENT

dealt with European and American finances, to the neglect of the simple exchanges of kraal and village.

8. In the language or lang1tages of in.st1"Uction any neglect of the tribal tongue of the local group as a means of imparting information is a serious handicap in the training of the youth.

9. Every activity presupposes a proper appreciation of the place of religion in the life of the individual and of the community. The burning message to every pupil should be that the Kingdom of God is within him, that Christ came to give life and to give it more abundantly, that Christianity is interested in every phase of life.

10. In all instruction and in all activities the teacher should have in mind the development of the simple virtues that are especially needed by such emotional people as the Africans. Those virtues are: perseverance, thoroughness, order, honesty, cleanliness, purity, thrift and parental respect. The school life of the pupil, including the dormitory and boarding necessities, the recreations and the use of biographies of great personalities, especially those of African origin, are among the most effective means of character development.

11. Finally the school must be tested by its influence on the community in which it is located.

The Commission also emphasizes the necessity of including in the scheme of native education both' the training of leaders and the elevation of the masses. Few mission schools in Africa are differentiating their work in this respect. The welfare of a people is determined by the condition of the masses. All must be educated in the essentials of character and conduct. Therefore, native teachers must be trained to instruct all grades and in all important branches. For this purpose pupils must be discovered who have special aptitude of mind and body for leadership. These must be given instruction in groups, by the assignment of special duties, etc. The supervision of outstation schools is also essential in order to avoid the danger of lazy, weak or inefficient teachers. The advantages of cooperation among different societies in a given territory are manifest. Money and men may be economized by union hostels, recreation centers for missionaries, union purchasing agencies, union river boats, in teacher training and other forms of cooperation, especially in large towns.

These and other recommendations have been taken up for consideration by the International Missionary Council, meeting at Mohonk early in October, and by them referred to the National Missionary bodies and the Boards having work in Africa.

MISSIONARY EDUCATION IN AMERICA N EARLY twenty years ago an interdenominational movement was started in America looking toward the systematic and ef- fective education of young people as to the needs and progress of world-wide Christian missions, and as to the individual and col- lective responsibility for obeying the Great Commission of Christ. This organization, which was at first called the "Young People's Mis- sionary Movement" and later the "Missionary Education Move- ment" accomplished some noteworthy things in the enlistment of the interest of young people in Home and Foreign missions. They pub- lished a number of text books for young people and adults of which over two million copies have been sold. They gathered and put out missionary libraries, leaflets and pictures relating to various mission lands; they were responsible for missionary exhibits, such as the "World in Boston." They conducted conferences for the training bf leaders in seven summer resorts, and held institutes in churches all over the United States and Canada. They conducted an immense correspondence with inquirers in local churches, giving information and furnishing books, lantern slides, programs, lectures, maps, pic- tures, costumes and other helps for the promotion of missionary interest in Sunday-schools and Young People's Societies. Through the example of this Movement similar work has been started in Canada 'and Great Britain.

When the Interchurch W orId Movement was inaugurated in 1919, this educational work was taken over as one of its departments, but since the larger organization has been discontinued it has been found necessary to reorganize the Missionary Education MovemeIlt that it may continue to carryon its very important work. The work was formerly sustained by individual gifts and Mission Board contributions, from the sale of literature and fees at conferences. Such uncertain financing is always difficult.

The Movement has now been reorganized with the financial support and representation on the Board of Managers of twenty-seven denominational Home and Foreign "Mission Boards and Departments of Missionary Education. The chairman of the new Board is Rev. Wm. P. Schell of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, the Educational Secretary is Franklin D. Cogswell, the Conference Secretary is Gilbert Q. LeSourd. The general headquarters are at 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City. On the Pacific Coast and in Canada there are affiliated movements with their own secretaries. The business and publication department, under the management of Herbert L. Hill, is separately administered and is self-sustaining.

Plans are now under way for the year 1922-1923 to publish a graded series of books, programs and pageants on the Negro in America and another series on India. Various tenitorial confer-

EDITORIAL COMMENT

ences are also to be organized under local committees with the help of the central office.

The Missionary Education Movement thus enters a new period of its history. With the great need for knowledge and for the training of our young people, and with great opportunities within the churches for winning new lives, for cultivating a richer prayer life, and for stimulating more unselfish giving in behalf of the world-wide work of Christian missions, there is an earnest call to all interested in promoting the program of Christ to join in prayerful cooperation, that this Movement may effectively serve the great cause which all churches are commissioned to promote.

AMERICAN INSTITUTIONS DEDICATED IN PEKING M EDICAL work has usually been considered a "hand maid" to evangelism in Christian missions. The China Medical Fund of the Rockefeller Foundation, however, may put the "hand maid" in the place of the mistress. The expenditure of six million dollars in one medical center is an enterprise of large proportions. On a financial basis evangelism cannot compete and may find it difficult even to coopera teo In Peking, during the third week in September, there were held the formal dedicatory exercises of the Peking Union Medical College, and the breaking of the ground for the new buildings of the Peking University. The Medical College has been built up by the China Medical Board of the Rockefeller Foundation to rank with the highest grade medical schools of the Occident. A notable delegation of officials and trustees of the College, the Medical Board, and the Rockefeller Foundation, sailed from America last August to attend this function. Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Dr. George E. Vincent, Dr. Paul Monroe, Dr. James L. Barton and distinguished guests from both Europe and America attended the impressive ceremonies, and delegates from all parts of China were present.

A missionary medical school in Peking, established by missionary societies in 1906, was purchased in 1915, by the China Medical Board which assumed full support of the work. The past six years have seen the completion of the building of the new plant and the organization of the present staff. The present institution includes a medical school, a pre-medical school, a training school for nurses and a hospital; the total staff numbers 162 foreigners and 766 natives. Although the institution has no organic relation to any missionary'organizations, the ·present director, Dr. H. S. Houghton, and the majority of the heads of departments have been drawn from the missionary ranks.

In the same week in September ground was also broken for the new buildings of Peking Univ:ersity, an institution which covers the

field of higher education, (excepting medical instruction,) under Ohristian auspices. It is a union of the Christian higher educational forces and organizations at the capital and comprises two colleges for men, one for women, (now called Yenching College) and a theological school. The university plans also to develop its pre-medical courses so that eventually it can take over the pre-medical work now being carried by the Union Medical Oollege. A new site outside the city has been purchased, composed largely of the estate and palace grounds of a once famous prince, on the road to the Summer Palace of the former imperial rulers of China.

Delegates to the ceremony appointed from America include Mr. James M. Speers and Dr. T. H. P. Sailer. Rlepresentatives of the various colleges and universities in Ohina were likewise present.

The dedication of the Union Medical College and the erection of the permanent plant of the Peking University will give opportunity for adequate technical training of Ohinese, under Ohristian ideals and with the highest educational standards, for service to church, community and state. Both institutions will bear witness to the practical interest of American Christians in the problem and destiny of this vast nation across the Pacific.

UNREST IN EGYPT REOENT news from Egypt gives ground for hope that the more conservative elements will prevail. About the middle of May there was reason to fear a ger~"'ll uprising against Europeans, since the minds of the illiterate ma;"~dS haq,become inflamed by the sudden collapse of the nation's unanimity, due to tbe personal rivalries of Zaghlul Pasha and the Egyptian cabinet.

There were signs that the animosity toward the Greeks and the feeling against all non-Moslems would lead to the cry "Kill the Christians." Where 90% of the population are illiterate, and with political idealism suddenly grafted on an ancient oriental stock, without the sap of Ohristian principles, such is the logical fruitage of Nationalism in a Moslem country. Fortunately the leaders realized that their cause was becoming badly prejudiced by the incidents in Alexandria, and they used their influence to bring back the people to a state of sanity and to the single issue of "Independence."

If the Nationalist cabinet and the independent Nationalist leaders reconcile their differences, reunite their followers, and regain the position which they held before this outbreak, then there will be greater evidence of the readiness of the Egyptian people for self-government. In the meantime, Britain has had an illustration of what may happen if European lives and property are not duly safeguarded by more than documentary force. The missionary situation is naturally affected by every anti-Ohristian agitation.

A YOUNG ARAB GIR~STILL

Arabian Children at Horne BY ELEANOR T. CALVERLEY, M.D., KUWEIT, ARABIA Missionary of the Reformed Church iu America I N all the world there is nothing so universally appealing as a little child. Whatever may be our estimate of the adults of any race, "concerning the babies there can be but one opinion-they are made to love. There is something that is irresistible in the widemouthed, guileless smile of a baby, whether he be white, red, brown, yellow or black.

Life in an Arab town is sometimes very sordid. There is so much to make one shudder,· so much to wring one's heart. Then there is also the monotony. Sand, sand, sand! Oh, for one grassy slope, for just one shady nook carpeted with ferns! But there is always the sky, the glorious, glowing sunset, like a highway to the gate of heaven, and in some places there is the ever-changing sea, and always, there are the babies!

Brave warriors are the Arabs, galloping full speed into the face of danger, laughing at machine guns and bombs dropped from hostile aeroplanes, suffering silently the pangs of death because death is "from Allah." Now see the warrior's little son. They have mounted him upon a steed. Full, flowing garments wears the little man, just like his father. Has he also the piercing eye, the long lean face 7 No, that will come. Today, he has a laughing eye and dimpled faee.

835

Little Arab sister, with sweet, olive-tinted face, and great, wondering brown eyes r 0 you' beauty! They have loaded you with jewels to show their love. They have petted you and spoiled you. They will lavish on you wealth and luxury. Then, when the lovely bud of maidenhood is ready to unfold, they will tear the blossom open and stand by to see it fade. 0 you darling r If you could only have a chance!

Little Hassa came one day to see our little daughter. It was a holiday in the Koran school, and the school girls had donned their silks and jewels. There was to be a party for them, with dancing ih the court-yard of their school. There, Hassa would unbraid her black hair and join her schoolmates in their swaying dances, shaking flowing tresses, clinking jewels, snapping fingers, and moving to the rhythm of hand-clapping and the singing of the spectators. Little Hassa is the daughter of a wealthy family. On the crown of her head she wore a huge, gold ornament, studded with pearls and turquoises. Her dress of silk brocade was elaborately embroidered in gold. Around her neck were necklaces of large gold coins. Heavy jewelled bracelets adorned her wrists. Earrings. of 'pearls and turquoises swung from her ears. One pierced nostril· was-ornamented with a jewelled hoop of gold. She was very proud of her finery, and in high spirits.

Our little daughter, clad in pink rompers, and playing in the sand, was happy too.

"Naima," (our daughter's Arabic name), asked Hassa, "Where are your jewels ? You have noner'

Naima shook her head. "Oh! "m'ied- Hassa, "you poor thing!"

When I heard Hassa say this there came to me a vision of the probable futures of those two children. I saw our little girl, in free America, rolling hoops and jumping rope, while Hassa was secluded and guarded within the confines of her home, lest she be seen by men. Then I saw our little one, a few years later, a sweet girl graduate; then Hassa, fourteen years of age, would be spending sleepless nights to still the crying of her first-born child. I saw our daughter walking arm in arm, with comrades on a college campus; when Hassa, a disappointed, sad-eyed woman, divorced, remarried, would be supplanted by a partner-wife. I saw a young American woman, brave-eyed, equipped for life. The occasion was a student conference. She was singing, and her face was lighted with a holy joy. Yes, I heard the words, " We are on the Lord's side, Saviour, we are Thine." Then I saw Hassa, eyes dimmed with weeping, repeating her sacred creed, "There is no god but Allah, and Mohammed is Allah's Apostle." Her jewels? Oh, yes, they were safe in the box by her side.

The children of Arabia have such splendid material in them. 'rhere is nothing degenerate about their race. I find the Arab

ARABIAN CHILDREN AT HOME

women extremely lovable. Not only that, I am conscious of the feeling that these women are, in everything except opportunity, our equals. Fortunate are we, indeed, if they, proud aristocrats, do not consider us their inferiors. They have ability, and no one can tell what they might achieve if they were given half a chance.

As for the men, they have excelled in many ways. The beauty of Arab poetry and the remarkable breadth of their theological r=::::,–~~~======='""i.1 thought, are well known. Arabic grammar is intricate, logical, and highly developed. The mind that produced these is not to be de- spised. Yet the average Arab schoolboy is considered well edu- cated if he knows the "three R's" in his native tongue, but nothing of history, geography, or science.

The majority of boys cannot even read, and, with them, illiteracy is no disgrace.

L.c-~_ _ _ _ _–:!!,!'–__. .-_"-""',===,=== An even smaller proportion of the girls are sent to school. A ARAB BOY PLAYI~~R:ITH A CAPTURED few are taught to read the Koran, and chant it by heart. The girl who is taught arithmetic or writ- ing is very rare indeed. Yet some girls are so eager to learn these things that they succeed in mas- tering the rudiments at least.

The Arab is no mean workman. Sea-faring crafts, made by Arab builders, are often admired in the ports to which they go.

The pearl fisheries of Arabia, though primitive in the methods . they employ, are the most important factor in the pearl markets of the world. The date-gardens of Mesopotamia are the chief supply of the world's date market.

Arab courage and virility are a factor not lightly regarded by their enemies in warfare with civilized nations.

In hospitality, the Arab leads the world.

All these fine capabilities are inherited by Arab children. To be sure, there are other characteristics of the Arab which are not desirable. What about their cruelty, their sensuality!

Yes, we admit, there is much cruelty among the Arabs. It is spring-time, just now, and the scattered, walled-in trees of our town are full of birds. If you look closely, you see that they are also full of bird-traps, for the catching of these pretty songsters for play-

things is a regular business throughout the months of spring. As you pass along the streets, you notice that almost all the children are holding birds in their hands, their wings clipped and one wing or foot secured to the end of a string by which the child drags his captive. The roads are strewn with dead birds and parts of birds, which have ceased to serve as playthings, and have been supplanted by new victims in various stages of suffering.

One remonstrates in vain. "Little boy, why do you torture that bird 1 Don't you know you hurt it 7 Don't you know that God made that bird, and it is dear to Him 1 God is looking at you while you torment it. If you let it go it cannot fly, won't you put it out of its misery7"

The only answer is a laugh, and one passes on sick at heart.

We tried once to make a mother understand. We said to her, "Why do you give your child a bird to play with Y You women complain that your husbands break your hearts. Do you know that it is partly your own fault 1 Do you realize that you are traiuing your son to be heartless 7 You are teaching him to look on a bird suffering, and not care. When he is grown up he will look on women's suffering in the same way-and not care.

"Why, that's so," said the woman vaguely, and then she laughed, as much as to say, "how extraordiuary of you to think that all out!"

As to sensuality, that is, without doubt, the worm at the heart of the Arab. Iu Christian lands, sensuality is opposed by religion, and exists, not encouraged by it, but in defiance of it. On the contrary, in Moslem lands, sensuality is fostered by the religion of Mohammed. There is no use looking to the religion of Arabia for a remedy for this evil. Any hope of pur~fication must come from a higher source.

Arab boys are not really expected to keep themselves pure in either thought or deed. To Arab men there is much license within the bounds of their religion. An Arab girl, however, must keep herself pure as to deed. If she fails in this, the penalty is death, and that, at the hands of her own family. Hence the purdah system. So long as a girl is kept within the four walls of her own house, she is supposed to be safe. But alas, even this precaution sometimes fails. While the necessity of keeping pure in deed is so urgent, all the influences of a girl's life tend to make her impure in thought. The physical side of life is always foremost and uppermost. The seamy and ugly aspects of life are freely discussed before little boys and girls. There are no secrets from even the youngest. As soon as a child can understand what he hears and sees he understands everything. One of the hardest things for the missionary to bear is this Eastern lack of reserve. And yet this is the atmosphere in which the A~ab child lives and grows. With so little of schooling, so little

to develop the mental and spiritual side of life, do you wonder that the Arab grows physically one-sided 7 Can you imagine what your own childhood would have been without its helpful home-life? How we take it for granted, as though everywhere families gathered around the table with the father to carve the roast and the mother to pour the coffee. With what fond, happy memories our childhood centers around that place we A SMALL ARAB SHOPKEEPER. NOT PLAYING STORE. BUT REALLY SELLING SWEETS call "home." Yet there is no "home" such as this for Arab children. There is one room belonging to "mother," but that other one belongs to "father's wife." Perhaps this is father's day to sptmd in our room, but tomorrow will be his day to spend with his other wife. At meals the men eat first, and by themselves, and the women afterward.

Mothers believe that when their children fall ill it is because of the evil eye or the jealousy of their rival, partner-wives. The children are taught to believe this too, so they grow up in an atmosphere of fear, envy and hatred.

Imagine how you would have felt to attend your father's wed-

ding with a new wife while your own mother stayed at home and wept.

Do you remember the book-shelves in your home, with that old volume of "Pilgrim's Progress" and "Robinson Crusoe7" Remember how you curled up in the big sleepy-hollow chair and read for hours 7 Do you remember how you watched for the postman to bring each new number of the "Youth's Companion?" Little by little, your character was b2ing built up in those days. But the Arab child has no home book shelf or magazines.

What interest you took in choosing the new picture for the wall! Art in the home had its silent, refining influence on your life. All this is absent from the training of an Arab child. How destitute is their life of the things that help, and how full of the things that hurt!

But the disadvantages of Arab children are not only spiritual and mental. A morning in the dispensary would complete the picture. This tiny babe is totally blind from small-pox, this other one from venereal disease. Ohthe pity of these blind babies! So common and so hopeless! Their mothers have ceased to weep. This is one more drop in the cup of their bitterness, and it is "from Allah." We believe the majority of children have trachoma. The eyes that should be large and beautiful are more often red and watery, and partly blind. The babies dying of marasmus, for lack of knowledge of their proper feeding, would break your heart. The little sick ones, cauterized all over their wee bodies for some unknown complaint, look at one in terror and scream at one's least approach. Tuberculosis of lung, and bone, and gland,-how helpless we feel before this dreadful enemy of childhood!

Little Arab children, there are thousands in Christian lands who long to help you. There are many who will plead for you before the Father's throne. From "every tribe" there must be those who meet our Saviour at His coming. We are coming to your help. Our Saviour longs to fill your lives with light, and truth, and joy.

" (There is a place where thou canst touch the eyes Of blinded men to instant perfect sight; There is a place where thou canst say" Arise" To dying captives honnd in chains of might; There is a place where thon canst reach the "tore Of hoarded gold and free it for the Lord; There is a place upon some distant shore Where thiln canst send the worker or the word.

There is a place where God's resistless power Responsive moves to thine insistent plea.

There is a place-a simple trusting place Where God Himself descends and fights for thee.

Where is that blessed place? Dost thou ask where ~ 0, soul, it is the secret place of prayer.' "

A Chinese Christian

A Further Chapter in the Wonderful Story of General Feng and His Influence ttpon the Officers and Men Serving under Him BY THE REV. J. GOFORTH, KIKIUNGSHAN, HUNAN W E recently spent about three weeks with the Ohristian troops of General }I~eng in Kikiungshan, Hunan Province. One evening I asked a soldier who escorted me home what proportion of this army of 10,000 men was ·Ohristian. In reply he said, "Of course, all our officers are Ohristians, and eight out of ten of us privates are also."

"How about those that do not believe? Do they speak against and persecute those that do believe 7"

"Not that I know of," said he; "they know that our leaders are all Ohristian, and as for new recruits, they fall in at once and commence learning hymns and the catechism."

When in Hunan, we had spoken to the general about the need of Bible study. Now two excellent men, Pastor Shen and Deacon Hsu, are giving all their time to the teaching of the Bible. Twice a week all the officers meet for Bible study, and they in turn hold evening classes, so that it goes down to the whole army. Each evening, as I passed through the camp to speak at the army hut, I could hear these classes being conducted in the various large tents. Every night the army is a busy hive of Ohristian activity.

It is not unusual to find officers conducting open-air meetings on the streets. Instead of idling around the streets, either day or night; soldiers give all their spare time to study. There is no money spent on smoking, drinking or gambling, and the men are eager to deposit any money they get in the army savings bank. Not long since when 400 men had reached the age limit and were dismissed from the army, each one had learned a trade and had money to draw from the bank, although they had not received pay for many months.

vVhen the army arrived, there were about 300 women of iUrepute at Sinyangchow, which has long been an army center. The general gave orders thilt all these women leave within five days. The local officials urged him not to be so drastic, but allow one half to remain. "Not even one," said the general. Vhen addressing the men one evening, I heard him say: "Weare not liked by everyone in this city. Vhen I ordered all those vile women away, the local officials asked that some remain. I knew that it would only tempt you and young students from the country, so I did not permit any to stay. Men, we are the Lord's soldiers, and cannot permit the devil to do evil before our very eyes."

841

It Is said that the city fathers met to see what they could do to restrain .this general who came and interfered with their timehonored customs but concluded that the general was too big a man for them to oppose.

I was walking home with several of the officers one evening after meeting and spoke of their escape from Hunan last year when they were pent in on three sides by enemy forces. They had escaped without the loss of a man or a pound of baggage.

"Do you think it strange ~" said one of the colonels. "Are we not the soldiers of the Living God 1 Pid He not put fear into the hearts of the enemy so that they dared not attack us7"

Another colonel, who led the rear guard of 1,500 men during the escape, said: "I remembered your advice when in Hunan last year when you said, 'If we would impress our Christianity upon· the armies of China, we must come behind in no military detail, even to our shoelaces. ' We travelled at night, and were always ready for attack, and when we encamped for a rest during the day, we immediately threw up entrenchments. It was the hot season, therefore night marching was less trying upon the men. After we escaped from the Southern armies, we were in danger from a numerically superior Northern army. They had orders to set ambush for us and destroy us. Their general afterwards admitted that every time he planned attack, he found us so ready that he gave it up as too dangerous. "

All the officers to whom I have spoken about their escape from Hunan gave the glory to God as truly as did King David.

For the first four evenings the general gave me the same audience, a large proportion of which were officers. They were mightily convicted on the fourth night. 'While a major and a colonel were confessing, suppressed weeping could be heard all over the place, and the general almost broke down as he prayed. One of the majors thanked God in prayer that He had so changed the fierce temper of their general.

The next evening the general invited me to take supper with himself and his chief officers. In the course of the meal the general said: "I have to confess that I was weak on coming to this place. I did not order the evil women away at once. The thought came, Why should I offend so 1 But one of my officers rebuked me, saying, 'How is it that you have not sent all those bad women away, as at other places l' 'But we will offend many if we do,' I replied. 'YoU will offend God if you do not.' Therefore I at once issued an order for their expulsion." At the close of the meal the general said, "Won't you give us some helpful message from the Lord ¥~, Most of the officers had their Bibles, so I had them turn to J er. xxxiii. 3. The

A OHINESE OHRISTIAN ARMY

main idea was: "It is a great and a mighty thing to save China; but God can and will do it in answer to prayer."

The chief-of-staff and three of the colonels led in prayer and one of them while praying for his country, broke down weeping.

During my address in the main meeting in the army hut, 1 turned to the general and said, "Nine years ago, what were you~" He replied, "1 was an unsaved heathen." Then, turning to Colonel Li, 1 asked the same question and received the same reply.

"Since then," 1 said, "all these thousands have turned to God." Again addressing the audience: "You see what is possible for your land and people as long as you are faithful to your Saviour, Christ the Lord."

At the close the general said to the audience: "Our country is in so hopeless a condition from bad men in high places that were it not for my faith in the Lord Jesus Christ 1 would give up all, and spend my remaining years in a hermit's cell."

At about 11: 30 a. m., 5,000 men were closely packed around the general for another meeting. We stood on a short wall, about eight feet high, and I gave an address. The troops were then manffiuvred to give them a rest, and the general addressed them for about an hour. It was a straight Gospel talk, illustrated by the sacrifice of his friend, Dr. Logan, who was murdered by a demented man. At times the general was intense, even to tears. He could easily have been heard by 20,000 men. It was a sight not soon forgotten to see that great man, over six feet tall and weighing upwards of two hundred pounds, standing there pleading with that great body of men to yield all to the Lord Jesus Christ.

On the way home after this service Colonel Lu, leading about 2,000 men back to the South Camp, overtook us and invited us to visit his camp. .When the army arrived at Sinyangchow the local officials and gentry got up a big reception. Colonel Lu was deputed by the general to represent him. After the first few remarks he gave a clear Gospel address, and at times could not keep back the tears. The colonel told us that he believed he should give up his army work and devote all his time to preaching the gospel to the Chinese armies. He thought that by retaining his colonel's rank he could, as a Y. M. C. A. worker, get access into most encampments throughout China. He is a man of fine appearance and a capital speaker, and has worked his way up from the ranks. He is thirty-seven years of age.

Recently a Christian educationist of considerable note, a graduate of Chicago University, met the colonel and he spoke of the splendid achievements of Western civilization. He said, "Colonel, the vital need of China is that she, without delay, adopt those up-todate educational methods which have made the countries of the West great."

In reply, the colonel said, "Yes, you would supply us with engines and cars,without the road-bed to run them on. China has no lack of men who have been trained in AmE'rica, Britain, France and Germany, in all the up-to-date methods, but they are just as ready to barter away the liberties of our country as any others. China above all else needs the living God, to change and control the hearts of her people."

While we were chatting in Colonel Lu's tent, a letter was handed in. He passed it over to me, saying: "What do you think of that?" It was a letter of thanks for the return of a valuable watch and chain which had been lost. "Here is a proof of Christ's power to save," said the colonel. "The soldier who found the watch was a Christian, and he at once brought it to me. Had he been a heathen, neither I nor the owner would ever have seen that watch."

He then told us of another instance, while they were stationed at Siaokan, ~orth of Hankow. "On the station platform a soldier picked up a purse and brought it to me. It contained ten dollars in silver and a thousand dollar cheque. A man, going north to buy hogs in Honan, had lost it. We sent a man to the firm in H;ankow to make inquiries. At first they were suspicious; soldiers do not have a good reputation in China. He asked if they had lost anything, and they told him that they had lost a purse, with ten dollars, and also a cheque for one thousand. 'Then,' said he, 'send a man back with me to get it, for it was picked up by one of our soldiers.' 'This,' said the colonel, 'is sufficient to prove that grace has triumphed among our men.' "

One of General Feng's officers told me that not long since, when coming from Hankow by train, a foreigner asked if he were not a Christian. "Yes, I am, but why do you think so?" Then the foreigner, who turned out to be a missionary, said, "I came to the conclusion that you were a Christian because you do not act as carelessly as your unsaved countrymen do."

Nothing is overlooked by the general. One evening he noticed a soldier sleeping in the audience. With a voice like thunder he said: "What! sleeping. Haven't you any backbone? Straighten up. Do you imagine that you are lolling aronnd home?" When a man leaves the army the general keeps a record on the books. He also sends one notice to the official of the soldier's district, saying, "This man has borne a good reputation in the army, is a Christian, and has learned a trade." Another is sent to the missionary of the man's district, saying that the man is a Christian, and urging that care be taken lest he become a backslider.

In these and in many other ways General Feng sees to the welfare of his men, and it is easy to understand how his influence is so powerful.

Yen and General

A Letter from Mrs. Howard Taylor Traveling in Northwest China I N THE capital of the province of Kiangsi-that wonderfully modernized city of T 'aiyuanfu-we witnessed the Sunday morn- ing services instituted by the progressive and enlightened Governor Yen, who has transformed Shansi since the Revolution. He permits no foot-binding now, and no opium smoking. He re- quires at least one person in every family to learn to read the new phonetic script and his book of moral teachings in the spoken lan- guage of the people is published by the million. He is probably the greatest preacher in the world, for his sermons-quotations from this excellent volume-are written up on every blank wall and city gate, and even on the telegraph posts throughout the province, and his representatives are required to preach from it every Sunday in the services he has appointed. Two of them came to our mission- aries at Yuncheng not long ago, and said:- "We want to ask your help, for you must have a secret we have not. How do you keep on preaching out of your Book year after year, and never seem to exhaust it 1 We have come to an end of ours, and really have nothing more to say. Yet we must go on . preaching to the people."

Those Sunday services in the capital were never to be forgotten! The great cathedral, built for the purpose, can seat about two thou- sand people. The central section was half filled when we got there with a most interesting assembly. General Chow, in charge of the proceedings, beckoned us to come to the front where we could best see and hear, and had steaming cups of tea set before us in our seats. I was the only woman present. Except for our little party, the gathering was entirely composed of army officers, hundreds of them -young, intelligent, fine-looking men, all in grey, foreign uniforms faced with red, faultless and complete, even to white collar-bands and gloves. Their swords clanked at their sides as they stood once and again through the service. But the most impressive thing was not the music or the sermons, though that was eloquent. It was just the silence, when they sat with bowed heads and closed eyes in the attitude of worship. They were supposed to be meditating upon their conduct during the preceding week and seeking to rectify their hearts in accordance with the fundamental principles. For twenty minutes they sat thus in the presence of the Unseen, and alas! Unknown. How one longs that upon their darkness might shine "the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ"!

845

The service over, they filed out, and their places were taken by a great company of soldiers, rank and file. In foreign uniforms, with closely-cropped heads, they were a well-drilled, orderly crowd. Eight hundred of them filled that great central block and went through a similar service, save that they stood for the period of silence, their heads bowed and eyes closed in inward meditation. It was a deeply moving scene.

Then as they left, after about an hour's service, students from the Government schools flocked in, hundreds of them, in dark blue, foreign uniforms, and scholars from the city-wealthy merchants in their silks and satins, teachers and heads of families, many of them venerable, white-bearded men. They too listened to an earnest discourse from General Chow, who is an ardent Buddhist, and observed the period of reverential silence. In all, about two thousand men must have attended that Sunday morning, everyone of whom stood or sat for twenty minutes with bowed head and closed eyes, before the great gold characters over the platform "Huei kuo tsi sin"- "Repent wrongdoing and yourself renew." You will know with what a straitened heart one watched it all, praying that many of them might find the Truth and the Life indeed, in our Lord Jesus Christ.

On arriving in Hankow we learned that the well-known Christian General Feng, from Hunan, is in camp just now near this city. An opportunity came to go and see him, which I gladly embraced. We found him under canvas with his troops, 11,000 men. Five of his colonels are Christians, and if they are all like the one who received us one can well understand their influence over the men. A more perfect Christian gentleman I do not think I ever met. Four thousand of the soldiers are baptized believers. But General Feng is not satisfied. He wants the whole of his regiment for Christ.

The earnest and gifted Chinese pastor who helps him in this work told us that they have now forty Bible classes every day, taught by forty Christian officers. He himself has a class with the teachers to help them in preparing the lesson, and the forty classes reach a different set of men every day, so that all the Christian soldiers attend during the week. We did not see any large gathering of them, as it was a national holiday, but in the tent used for services, next to General Feng's own tent, some two hundred came together, and what a joy it was to see the light on their faces! All had their Testaments and hymn-books, and the singing was inspiring. Many had notebooks as well and seemed eager to take down what was said. They were mostly Honan men, and understood my words quite easily. And how they seemed to respond! Do pray for General Feng. He is a splendid man-tall and broad-shouldered, full of strength and courage, and out for God.

GENERAL MISSIONARY CONFERENCE IN SOUTH AFRICA-1921

Present Problems in South Africa The Fifth General Missionat·y Conference of SMtth Africa BY REV. J. DEXTER TAYLOR, D.D., NATAL, SOOTH AFRICA Missionary of the American Board and President of the Conference SINCE 1912, when it met in Capetown, there has been no meeting of the General Missionary Conference of South Africa, which should meet every third year. The War caused a period of disintegration and much momentum has been lost, not all of which has been regained by the recent Conference. Broken international relationships have not yet been restored. The German societies which have had strong delegations at previous conferences were unrepresented. The same is true of the French Mission. It was obvious that some of the great tasks that the Conference had in hand, such as that of the Commission on Uniformity of Discipline and of the Commission on Survey and Occupation had been sadly interrupted. Nevertheless, the Conference of 1921 was perhaps the best of the five that have beel). held.

The Conference met July 18 to 22, in the Council Hall of Durban, the beautiful seaport of Natal. Dlring the previous week a Native Industrial Exhibition was held under the auspices of the Natal Missionary Conference, at which a most interesting display was made of indigenous and civilized industries, and of the educational progress of the native. A most artistic room constructed and furnished in 847

A HEATHEN FAMILY IN SOUTH AFRICA- A MAN AND HIS THREE WIVES every detail by the apprentices of the Amanzimtoti Institute (American Board) was generally agreed to be the top notch exhibit. The furniture was of African mahogany.

Another notable exhibit was the wagon built by a native of the lfarianhill Mission (Roman eatholic). The Anglicans had a booth displaying the manufacture of rugs and blankets from the carding of the wool to the finished product. The tea-room was run by the Domestic Science Departments of Amanzimtoti Institute and Indaleni CWesleyan), the girls making and baking the cakes and scones in plain sight of the customers who were served by another squad of waitresses, both groups in appropriate uniforms. A moving picture booth illustrating Social Service in Johannesburg compounds drew a constant crowd, as did also a booth representing the American Board hospital, where a group of native nurses gave vivid demonstrations of the knowledge they are acquiring.

Each of the various educational institutions had its booth full of industrial products. Perhaps the most significant thing in the IlJxhibition was the row of stalls .-where native men had set up their little stores and work shops just as they have them in the municipal native market. It was an eye opener to Europeans to see native harness maker"s and tailors and dealers in small notions actually in business among their own people and these men drove a brisk trade

PRESENT PROBLEMS IN ROUTH AFRICA

A CHRISTIAN FAMILY IN SOUTH AFRJCA-A MAN WITH HIS WIFE AND CHILDREN among the Europeans present. The third day of the Exhibition was given up to natives and they came in great numbers to see the progress of their own race.

On the evening of July 19 a demonstration of the natives' capacity in another line was given when a native choir of 350 voices made up of groups from the several educational institutions of the Province gave a concert, at which Prince Arthur of Connaught the Governor-general presided, and a group of distinguished speakers set forth the demands upon thoughtful men of the present delicate situation of the native problem in South Africa. The speakers were Senator Roberts and Dr. C. T. Loram of the Native Affairs Commission and Prof. D. D. T. Jabavu, a native professor of Bantu languages and customs at the South African Native College. The program included two items written and composed by natives, several of the" spirituals" of the American Negro, and a selection of European music of which Haydn's "The Heavens are Telling" was, the most ambitious. These events broug'ht the Conference into public notice, and also were frequently referred to by members of the Conference itself as a revelation of the progress natives are making.

The most important single item of the work of the Conference was undoubtedly the reports on Social, Economic and Legislative matters

as related to natives, from the several provinces. That for the Cis- kei, prepared by Dr. Macvicar of Lovedale, made a minute study of the economic conditions of typical groups of natives, such as peasant farmers, school teachers, town laborers, etc., showing their condition as regards tenure of land, possibility of remaining solvent on the wages received, sufficiency or otherwise of their regular diet, use fof intoxicating liquors, possession of books and newspapers as an indication of provision for intellectual growth. The report for Natal prepared by Rev. A. W. Cragg of Indaleni (Wesleyan) and by the writer of this article was based on a survey of housing and labor conditions in the two towns of Durban and Maritzburg, together with a study of the now 'famous system of native beer monopoly and the location system for housing natives, as developed in Durban. The report for the Free State was relieved in its dark picture of almost, total deprivation of the natives of rights in the land, and of the shamefully meagre provision by the State for native education, only by the fact of the municipal native location at Bloemfontein where there has been recently instituted a scheme of individual tenure most hopeful in its promise of solution for the municipal housing problem. Reports were also made for the Transkei, where the defects and virtues of the native council system reflect the general social conditions of that unique native territory. The Transvaal, where the problems are the most baffling of all, had no report. The work done is a good sample of what might be accomplished by thorough survey work throughout the country.

No more important action was taken by the Conference than the Resolutions covering the matter of these reports, an abstract of which is here given: 1. Basing on the evidence presented that the supply of land for the rising generation of natives is practically exhausted, and that the standard of living of the peasant farmer class is often below the poverty line, the Conference emphasized the importance of all efforts to secure better cultivation and distribution, the spread of native farmers associations, the provision of agricultural demonstrators and the introduction and fostering of native industries.

2. Basing on the evidence of poor health conditions resulting from poverty, poor housing and poor clothing, the Conference urged the increase of medical facilities for natives, both for preventive and curative work and the provision Df training for native medical students and nurses.

3. The attention of government and of employers was directed to the serious discrepancy between the low wages of natives and the present high cost of living as a fertile cause of the growing unrest and dissatisfaction.

4. Expressing approval of the efforts being made, especially on the Rand, to provide for a higher social life for native young people, the Conference urged upon all missionary agencies greater attention to this important line of service.

5. Reviewing the evidence presented of the atrocious housing conditions in many urban and suburban areas the Conference urged upon municipalities

PRESENT PROBLEMS IN SOUTH AFRICA

that the revenue derived from natives in such areas be primarily devoted to the improvement of native housing.

6. The Conference declared itself in favor of the policy of total prohibition of intoxicating liquor for European and native alike, and urged missionaries to do all in their power to educate public opinion to this end.

Another important action of the Conference was a resolution urging that legislation be passed taking out of the hands of provincial councils the levying of taxation on natives, this action being suggested by a recent flagrant example in the Transvaal of taxation plainly exploiting the native.

CONFERENCE WITH NATIVE AFFAIRS OOMMISSION An outstanding feature of the work of this Conference was an all day conference with the newly appointed Native Affairs Commission. The personnel of this Oommission is an earnest of the good faith of Gen. Smuts in his effort to better native conditions. Senator Roberts was for many years a missionary at Lovedale. Dr. C. T. Loram, as Chief Inspector of Native Education in Natal has revolutionized native education in that Province, while General Lemmer from the Dutch side has already made it plain that he is eager to do the right thing by the natives of the country. The Commissioners outlined their purposes and the ways in which missionaries conld cooperate with them, and the facts brought out in the social reports formed the basis of a most useful discussion. Already steps are 'being taken for the modification of the hated Native Land Act of 1913 and for the extension of the Native Oouncil system. A study is being made of the complicated independent church movement. The question of the use of revenue derived from native sources is being studied together with the whole question of the incidence of native taxation. The disgraceful treatment accorded natives on the railways, the administration of municipal native locations and similar questions are being studied. It was generally agreed that the session devoted to this discussion was the most profitable of the entire Conference, while Dr. Roberts of the Commission was kind enough to say that the efficiency and expedition with which the missionaries conducted business was an example to Parliament. Only a few native leaders were present, but one of these, who is said to be something of a radical in native counsels remarked to the writer that the Conference was a revelation to him of the systematic interest of the missionaries in matters of native welfare.

The report of the Oommission on Survey and Occupation based on a somewhat cursory survey of the conditions of overlapping a recommendation looking toward a federation of societies in South Africa along the lines of the Alliance of Missionary Societies in British East Africa (Kikuyu), modified to suit South African conditions. These recommendations were handed down (or up) by the

Conference to the societies represented in Conference for a report at next Conference in 1924. Kikuyu has set the pace and it remains to be seen whether South Africa will lag behind.

Professor Norton representing the Cape University and Mr. J ones, Secretary of J ohannesburg University, presented papers set- ting forth what their respective institutions propose doing in courses on Bantu languages, and ethnology for missionaries and prospective government officials. It is interesting to see the young universities of the country competing for the lead in courses of missionary prep- aration. The much maligned missionary seems to be attracting attention in high circles! The fact that such courses are to be pro- vided and gradually required of officials whose work will be with natives is of even greater hopefulness.

Professor du Plessis of Stellenbosch read a sparkling paper on the subject of a South African Missionary Quarterly, and made such a publication seem so necessary that we may safely prophesy its birth within the next three years. An interesting report was made by Professor Norton of the progress made since the Bloemfontein Conference of 1909 in collecting suitable native tunes and setting native hymns to them. A committee is being formed, consisting of linguists and musicians from the several societies to continue this important work. A paper by Mr. McLennan of the Literature Committee of the International Missionary Organization emphasized the importance of joint action for the production of native literature.

That the modern missionary, pressed with social and economic problems and trying to keep up with the application of the scientific method to his field is not unmindful of the heart of his problem and the center of his hope was revealed by the fact that some of the most stimulating discussions centered around the papers on "Evangelism as the Primary Duty of Missions," and "What steps can be taken to encourage Bible Study among Native Converts ~"

Altogether it was a well balanced program. The fellowship of men from Capetown on the South to Bechuanaland, Rhodesia and Delagoa Bay on the North, and of outstanding men from the denominational camps, all the way from independent missions to Anglicanism, was a goodly fellowship. The spirit in which the present crisis in native affairs was viewed was broadly sympathetic and scientifically (rather than sentimentally) determined. That the wheels of progress toward unified effort, so sadly slowed down by the War have again been set in motion is cause for congratulation. A personal message was sent to the German brethren, to be personally conveyed by a deputation of the Conference, and motions were passed urging upon the League of Nations the abandonment of the restrictive clause of the Versailles treaty and the restoration to German missionary societies of the privilege of entry into their former fields.

Slavery Dead in Africa?

Compulsory Labor and Mandates Under the League of Nations BY TRAVERS Bl!XTON, M.A., LONDON, ENGLAND '.' Secretary of the Anti·Slavery and Aborigines Protective Society T HE question of slavery in Africa must be closely affected by . the new opportunities given for carrying out the principles laid down in the Covenant of the League of Nations. The principle of the responsibility of the strong nations for the welfare of the backward races is not new, but the Covenant carries the matter further, and introduces the mandatory system, according to which the care of the backward peoples who are "not yet able to stand by themselves," is to be entrusted to the Powers for the benefit of the mandated territories. If a new standard is introduced and maintained in territories which have changed hands as a result of the great war, there will be reason to hope that in all other territories administered by the Powers there will be a general leveling up to the same high standard.

Among the provisions of "B" mandates, relating to the backward peoples of Central Africa, the prohibition of the slave trade as well as of the traffic in arms and liquor is especially mentioned. Unfortunately the high hopes raised by these Articles have not been realized, for the issue of the Mandates has been long delayed, systems of administration have become stereotyped, and carrying out the terms of any Mandate is more difficult. , In the Mandates, the prohibition of slavery ought to apply not only to dealings in slaves, but to systems of domestic slavery which still prevail, and to any demand for forced labor, except under strict limitations and safeguards, and exclusively for public works.

The labor question throughout tropical Africa has always been one of difficulty. In Angola, the Portuguese Colony of West Africa, labor conditions have long been such as to cause concern to those interested in native welfare. For many years the conditions of the laborers in the islands of S. Thome and Principe were those of slavery pure and simple, the natives being purchased in the interior, made to sign contracts which they did not understand, shackled, and brought to the coast under conditions of great cruelty. They were either kept as slaves on the mainland, or sent to the two islands, nominally for a term of five years, but actually for life, as their contracts were automatically renewed at the end of each term. Some of the British cocoa firms took action and after long agitation, the British Government was induced to take up the question especially with a view to the repatriation of th~ natives so enslaved. Before the war, when Sir Edward (now Viscount) Grey was Secretary of State for Foreign 853

Affairs, in consequence of the pressure brought to bear by those interested in the question in England, a scheme was framed by which the Portuguese Government agreed with the British Government that the labor question should be controlled by a British Oonsul- General to watch the conditions in the Oolony.

According to recent information from Portuguese, as well as other sources, there has, however, been a revival of the old traffic in the so-called" servicaes" on the islands. Recruiting for laborers has again been going on in the interior under conditions of slavery. The number of "servicaes" taken to S. Thome, according to official statements, has increased, and the number of repatriations has fallen off considerably. The British Government, partly for reasons of expense, has not seen its way to reestablish the Oonsular system, dropped since the war. The Assembly of the League of Nations at Geneva was memorialized last year on the subject, and fortunately the representative of Portugal on the Mandates Oommission has expressed his eagerness for reform. The High Oommissioner, after conference with the planters, has decided: (1) That the contracts in Angola will in the future be for 18 months this year, after 1921 they can be made for 24 months, the maximum.

(2) No recontracts will be allowed. (3) The High Oommissioner will have a representative in S. Thome to control the Angola native labor.

There is hope that before long this old time system of slavery will be brought to an end, and right conditions established.

On the other side of Africa also, the question of labor is one of much difficulty. In the old territory of German East Africa, now known as Tanganyika, there were officially stated before the war to be 185,000 slaves. The British Government, when asked what steps were being taken to abolish slavery, declared that it was not practicable to do so at once. It is laid down in the Mandate which has been submitted for approval to the League of Nations, that, besides suppressing all forms of the slave trade, the Mandatory is to provide for "the emancipation of all slaves, and for as speedy an elimination of domestic and other slavery as social conditions will allow." A strict time limit should be fixed, say one year, after which no conditions of slavery should be recognized.

In the East Africa Protectorate now known as Kenya Oolony, a determined attempt is being made to secure labor for the settlers by introducing such conditions as will compel the native to work for wages. Last year the local Government passed an Ordinance, legalizing the demand for 60 days' compulsory labor during the year from natives for Government porterage work, road making and "other work of a public nature," besides the 24 days already required by

IS SLAVERY DEAD IN AFRICA'

a previous Ordinance for strictly community purposes. The Bishop of Zanzibar has pointed out in a pamphlet of vigorous protest, that any work which the Government decrees to be of a public nature may be exacted from the natives under this clause.

In Zanzibar, natives under 50 who are not in regular employment are bound by law to do any work within the Protectorate which the Labor Board may order, and although this work is laid down to be "of a public nature for the general good of the community" it includes compulsory labor on Government plantations.

The question is a burning one in East Africa, and at present a determined attempt is being made to obtain the labor so much needed, and to make the natives work for the white man. Much is made of the idleness of the natives, but their work in cultivating their own lands is generally overlooked. A Commission appointed in Kenya to consider the labor question has reported in favor of legislation to force the natives to work, minimizing the injustice which may occur in cases where employers are accused of corporal punishment of natives. Under the existing law natives may be employed far from their homes, under unsatisfactory conditions. The recourse to compulsion, as the South Africa Native Affairs Commission in 1903 pointed out, is "not only unjust, but economically unsound," and that forced labor will "check enterprise and ingenuity," and will lead to "disastrous results in exasperating native feeling and creating discontent and unrest." A large number of leaders in Ohurch and State, headed by the Archbishop of Canterbury, has appealed to the Government, asking for the appointment of a Royal Commission to inquire into the leading principles of Imperial policy with especial reference to the best means of carrying out the principle of Trusteeship, under the Mandatory system.

There is reason to fear that the desire for profits will prevent the full adoption of this principle of Trusteeship. For example, the imposition of differential duties on the produce of British Colonies in Vvest Africa, raises many important issues, and restricts the right of natives to dispose of their raw produce, thus seriously endangering their contentment and prosperity. In consequence of pressure which has been brought to bear upon the Government by the British Parliament, it is probable that the preferential duty will not be renewed at the end of the five years for which it was imposed.

Another pressing danger which threatens to wreck the Mandatory system is the introduction of conscription of natives for military purposes and the raising and training of native armies.

This question bears intimately on the work and interests of missions since the welfare of the peoples for whom that work is carried on depends upon whether or not its principles are carried into practice.

to Foreigners in Their

Tongues The Value and Use of Foreign Language Tracts Among Immigrants BY AMY BLANCHE GREENE, NEW YORK Secretary of Bureau of Iuformation of Foreign Language Pnblication T HE U. s. Census Bureau reports the number of foreign-born in the United States in 1920 to bA 13,703,987, of whom approxi- mately one-half either cannot read and speak English, or can be most effectively reached through their own language. If we would communicate to them the ideals inherent in our American life and the principles which guided the life of Jesus Christ we must express them in the medium of their thought. While most foreign speaking sojourners in America are aware of the advantages accruing from a knowledge of English, many of them have no opportunity, or very inadequate facilities for study. Many thousands work under conditions such as to make concentrated mental effort in night school practically impossible. If we wait until they can speak and read English to convey to them the heritage of Christian America they will never know that which every true American should cherish as our most priceless treasure and which can be enhanced in value only as it is shared most widely and completely.

Business houses of every sort use leaflets to circularize their patrons or prospective patrons. Publishers develop carefully the most attractive leaflet literature to catch the interest of him who runs. Radical social organizations are systematically campaigning old and new areas with "flier" leaflets, pamphlets, together with copies of small periodicals published chiefly for free distribution. Religious groups are putting their literature into mail boxes throughout whole cities and largely by volunteer service. If such methods accomplish results in these fields of effort, why should the Protestant Church fail to make use of so powerful and effective a means in propagating the teachings of Jesus Christ who alone can meet the overwhelming needs of the world today1 The need among the English-speaking population for forceful but brief messages on outstanding religious questions is indicated by the appearance within the last fe_w months of the "Why I Believe" series of tracts published by the University of Chicago Press, and written by six theological professors representing three leading seminaries. These deal with the question of God, Jesus, the Bible, the Church, immortality and the giving of justice and carry notice of longer but inexpensive pamphlet discussions of closely related subjects which are engaging the thought of men and women every- 856 where. This is not only true of the older, more thoughtful group but of the seemingly amusement-mad younger folks as well, and if true of the English-speaking population, who have an unlimited variety of literature at their command, is it not much more true of those who can read only their mother tongue and are limited to poorly edited periodicals, almanacs and perhaps a few books. Since almost a third of the foreign-born in the United States, and as many more of immediate foreign extraction, live in town or country, is it not safe to say that less than one-fourth of the total foreign-born population have access to library facilities of any sorH The fact of a high degree of illiteracy in some nationality groups is offset by the fact that those who can read will read to others who cannot. This is notably true of Russians. It is also significant that most foreign-speaking persons who have been deprived of opportunities for education in their home-lands are increasingly sensitive to their handicaps in a land where only a few cannot read and write. The Albanians who have come to our shores in recent years have learned to read the Albanian language, which had been denied them in their own land, until 95 per cent of them can now be classed as literate. Such groups as have migrated because of political oppression and dream of new and more democratic governments as a result of the war, are naturally eager to read their native tongues and return as soon as conditions permit. Here is unlimited opportunity for educating and evangelizing them so that they may return as Christian leaders to their native villages and towns.

A careful study of existing tracts in foreign languages reveals the fact that most of them are poorly adapted to present day use. Many have been translated from the English and, therefore, presuppose the moral and religious background of the Anglo-Saxon. Those imported from European lands reflect the pre-war, old country, social, political and religious atmosphere, and are obviously illadapted to our more democratic religious life and thought. Positive and constructive material must be created which will avoid controversial questions and lay solid foundations for a Christian faith and life apart from emphasis on sectarian creeds and forms of ritual.

Many foreign-speaking people are either single men or are husbands who have left families at home and have come to the land of plenty to earn money to buy a home or provide better living conditions for both their families and themselves in later years of life. These men are cut off from the restraints of home, in many cases living in·dreary barracks or crowded lodging houses. If tracts in their own languages, dealing in a wise way with social evils and vices from the standpoint of health hygiene and morality, could be distributed among them surely much could be done to conserve the high moral standards which most nationality groups have built up

and maintained for centuries, and which tend to be lowered under the influence of American freedom in social relations, particularly those leading to marriage.

The ever-present social and industrial problems of today with the strife and injustice of commercial relationships are very real to thousands of immigrant laborers who know little of the larger aspects of the perplexing intricacies of our modern industrial system. To them a simple statement regarding Jesus' social principles, and making clear the position of the Church regarding social justice in industry and commerce would bring a ray of hope for the future.

If those peoples who have been born and bred in the midst of sharply insistent religious conflicts, in many cases sadly mixed with political oppression, could be given a brief statement of the history and growth of the Christian Church and the common origin of all its branches in the work of Jesus, it certainly would tend to allay something of the bitterness and strife which now prevail. Then, too, there is a large place for tracts covering the life and work of great moral and religious leaders in the respective groups. Brief studies dealing with the facts of their religious history could be made to convey right emphases in creed and life, besides challenging the humblest member of a nationality group to measure up to the standards of his own great leaders. Such a recognition on our part of their contribution to our common religious heritage would tend to increase the bonds of brotherly faith and confidence.

The eager inquiries for literature from varied groups and individuals prove the growing realization of the need. Leaflets can be given to children from foreign-speaking homes who attend church and social settlement classes and clubs. Members of the groups already reached can carry them to their fellows in the factory or mines. Earnest workers in young people's societies and adult Bible classes can distribute them from house to house. Religious and social workers can find manifold opportunities for handing them to individuals in many places.

Ellis Island offers a marvelous field for the distribution of such leaflets. Such literature given to liberty-loving, storm-tossed folk seeking entrance to the "land of promise" would help to steady and stabilize them as well as help them understand the best religious life and thought of their new home. It would lessen the pain of their awakening to real conditions and make them feel that "somebody cares." Hungry hearts in hundreds of mining towns, industrial centers and immigrant groups might be reached with the simple gospel of Jesus Christ, if only we, who call ourselves Christians, face squarely one of the mightiest opportunities for extending the Kingdom of Heaven on earth which has ~ver been given to a generation of Christians.

Ramabai and Her

BY CLEMENTINA BUTLER, PROVIDENCE, HHODE ISLAND Chairman of the Executive Committee of the American Ramabai Association """

Manoramabai, the only daughter and co-worker of Pandita Ramabai, entered into rest on Sunday morning, July 24. She had been ill for a year and a half, tut she went bravely on, always showing a bright happy face, so much so that many eould not believe she Wlls so seriously ill.

What Mukti will be without her, no one can tell, for her life there was" sweet incense unto the Lord," and her deep spirituality told on the lives of all who knew her.

Mano was born April 16, 1881. Her father died of cholera when she was only a few mdnths old, and she wa s her motll€r's only child. In getting her education, she spent about six years in England and America, in connection with the best schools and teachers. She joined her mother in saving famine girls just after the great famine of 1900. Her life sinee has been given to training, uncer her mother's direction, the famine girls and child·widows at Mukti-a service extenoing over twenty years.

Ramabai needs to be sustained by the prayers of her friends in this crisis with her and her work at Mukti. She is now in the sixty-fourth year of her life, with the infirmities of age and of the heavy burdens which she has carried for many years.

MISSIONARIES have one ideal and that is to raise up leaders, indigenous to the soil, who shall carryon the work in the place of the foreign missionary. vVorkers of all denominations have therefore rejoiced particularly in the success of Pandita Ramabai, the gifted widow, who coming out of Hinduism and know- ing full well what an awful burden that faith puts on the child widow, thirty-two years ago initiated her task of opening the door of oppor- tunity to those girls who are pitiful indeed in their helplessness and hopelessness. • The school, which, under the name of Sharada Sadan, was opened in the city of Poona for a limited number of young girls ex- clusively of the high caste child widow class, has grown beyond all expectation of its founder, until it now includes not only the peculiar class for which it was formed but also the deserted wife and orphan children. Ramabai's heart was so greatly touched during the two RAMABAI AND HER DAUGHTER great famines with the number of About thIrty years ago helpless children that were in the limited quarters in Poona that she purchased a large tract of land in the village of Kedgaon and opened an establishment large enough for the different classes, not only the Brahman child widow but even the outcaste famine baby left starving at her door.

859

For the last ten years her family has averaged between twelve and fifteen hundred women and girls, whose sole protector and guardian she is, with' no Board guaranteeing her any income but merely encouraged by the American Ramabai Association, which acts as a collecting agency. Is there any other woman in the world who has assumed such a burden, trusting only in the Father of all to give her daily bread for these hundreds of helpless ones ~ It would be a great work if she had only carried on an educational institution, but in her wisdom she perceived that many would not be able to support themselves as teachers, and that industrial work was absolutely necessary. It has been her ambition also not to change the simple Indian way of life and so even the American and English visitors who go by the hundreds every year to see her institution, are served with the simple meal in native fashion, sitting on the floor (though a fork and spoon are provided as a concession to their foreign helplessness) but in all respects she keeps the life Indian in manner and custom, while making it absolutely Christian in its influence.

She has introduced weaving, farming, printing, dairy work, rug making and other trades giving to every girl some industrial train- ing; for instance, the looms are used by one set of girls in the morning while the others study, and the order is reversed in the afternoon. Around her institution, which she calls "1~ukti"(Salvation), there has grown up a little village of homes inhabited by Christian boys who have married girls from her institution, and they too are befriended by this Greatheart leader. .

She has had the aid in her task of not only Indian teachers trained by herself from among her students, but also of five or six English or American women who have gone to her aid, giving their services and accepting her simffle mode of life that they might uphold the hands of this leader of Indian womanhood. Above all, however, her reliance was on her daughter, the gifted and devoted Man- oramabai who came to America with her when she first made her plea for help for India's child widows, and who after years of study in America went back to India to be her mother's right hand sup- porter in all activities. Feeling the need of raising the grade of school work, Mano went back and forth to Bombay and took her work for her master's degree in Bombay University. It had been the hope of those who had seen tp.e situation that she would succeed her mother as the head of this great institution, but for some time she had been showing symptoms of heart weakness and in spite of the efforts of Dr. Wanless at the hospital at Miraj, who put his skill and resources at the service of this beloved invalid, her earthly life was ended on July 24. This loss will be lamented not only by those of .

PAN DITA RA:'l1:ABAI AND HER DAUGHTER

us who knew of her devotion and her ability in administering over the schools in Mukti, but to all who pray for India's womanhood to come into leadership in Christian service. Mano combined with her great strength of character, sweetness and devotion rare in deed in any land.

Ramabai's crowning work has been her attempt to translate the Scriptures into the language of the common people about her, the Mahartai-speaking people of the villages whose patois, however, is so different from the language of the educated that the ordinary edition of the Bible is incomprehensible to them. As an indication of her thoroughness of method we note that she had one of her students especially trained in Hebrew, another in Greek and another in Latin that she might have the aid of these translators from the original tongues in her great work. One cannot fo rget the picture-while the beloved daughter relieved her of the details of administration, Ramabai sat on the rug in true Indian fashion on the floor dictating to her student helper s the words of the p recious Book. High endeavor! And now the whole burden comes upon her lonely heart since the beautiful se rv- A LATER PORTRAIT OF MANORAMABAI ice of the daughter has ended on earth. In America, in England, in Australia, in New Zealand, those who have helped to support this work should now by their prayers sustain the heart of this stricken leader, and pray for someone to be raised up to carryon this unique and wonderful work for the llpbuilding of the Kingdom in India. Ramabai's brave spirit is hold in a feeble body and it is ours to lift in some measure the burden from her hands."

-In orde r tha t th e burden on the hea rt of OU r Pandita may not be increased by lo ck cif funds to buy tood lor her great family who no w tur n to b e l' aga in as (heir s ole s upport. genero us con trjbutlon s sh ould be sent through the Treasurer of the Assoc iat ion . Mrs. E . C. Linn., 1318 Beacon Street, Brookline. Ma::::q .

A Recent Tour in

BY SADHU SUNDAR SINGH, SABATHU, SIMLA HILLS, INDIA STARTING from Sabathu at the beginning of May, I traveled via Simla to Kotgarh, seventy-two miles from Sabathu and one hundred and fifty from the borders of Tibet. At Kotgarh I was joined by Mr. Wright, a gentleman who has some knowledge of the Tibetan language. When we reached Kullu, one hundred and twenty-two miles beyond Simla, the assistant commissioner, Mr. Fairlie, wired to the commissioner for passports to enable us to continue our journey to Tibet via Lahul and Ladakh. As there was some delay we decided to push on without the passports. Wherever we found an opportunity, we preached and distributed Gospel portions, but the population in those regions is sparse, and it is difficult to get at the people during the day, for they leave home for work early in the morning.

In this region there are some hot springs, some of which are good for bathing purposes, but some are at the boiling point all the time. Travelers usually cook their rice by tying it up in a handkerchief and holding it in the boiling water for fifteen minutes. Bread is cooked ready for eating in about twenty minutes. On one occasion a lad fell into one of these springs of boiling water and was dead in a few minutes.

One hundred and fifty-nine miles from Simla there is the dangerous Rotang Pass, 13,400 feet high, over which the traveler goes to Lahul and Tibet. For many months previous to the middle of May the road is closed on account of snow, and every day after 12 0 'clock a fierce gale begins to blow and is so strong that it sometimes lifts travelers off their feet and sweeps them over the precipices. Many persons have thus lost their lives here, and numbers of goats and sheep have perished. Accordingly, travelers always seek to get over the pass before noon. The region is known as Hiyas Kund because for many years a saint by the name of Biyas had his abode here, devoting himself to prayer and literary work.

We experienced great difficulties at the Rotang Pass. On the 30th and 31st of May there was a fall of snow and the cold became intense. The day we crossed over it, snow was falling and the cold was so severe that it changed the color of our skin to a blue-black, and after that the skin began to peel off. We managed, however, to keep going, praying as we went, and by God's grace succeeded in getting across. The snow fall in these parts is very heavy, and when it melts there is great danger for those who live there. On one occasion a great avalanche of snow, thousands of tons in weight, came down a 862 mountain side and buried an entire village so that not a person escaped.

From the Rotang Pass we went via Sissu and Gandhla to Kyelang, situated about two hundred miles from Simla. Here the Moravian missionaries have labored for many years among the Tibetans. There is a Christian community of about fifty, and they arranged a meeting for us. At present there is no European missionary there, but it is hoped that one may soon come.

At Kyelang under a tree (now no longer standing) there used to be sacrificed every year a boy of eight years; but today these human sacrifices have been discontinUBd. The following story is current to explain why such sacrifices are no longer offered. One year the choice for the sacrifice fell upon a lad of eight, the only son of a widowed mother. The day before the sacrifice the mother, overcome by grief, was wailing in her agony. She was heard by a lama, who went to her and said: "Don't weep. I will offer myself in place of your son." When the appointed time had come, the lama seated himself under the tree of sacrifice, and then said to the people– "Don't touch me; if the god is a real one, he will himself come and take away my life." Thereupon the people waited and watched a long time, but when nothing at all happened many of them gave up their belief in the god, and from that day the human sacrifice was abolished, and now only goats and sheep are sacrificed there.

From Kyelang it was our intention to go on to Baralacha and Lingti. Mr. Wright, however, became seriously ill, and we were compelled to retrace our steps. He could not stand the high altitudes and cold which did not give me much trouble. Mr. Wright returned to Simla, while I returned to Tibet by another route, in company with a young Tibetan Christian who was a great help in the work. We preached the Gospel in Rukshank, Chuprang and Gyanama and surrounding regions. Through the grace of God we had many opportunities. The lamas occasionally opposed us but the people generally listened very attentively. We visited some hermits who did not care to talk but promised to read the Gospel portions. We trust that these seekers after the truth may be brought by the Word of God to the way of righteousness. Amen.

Many dangers are encountered in traveling through Tibet. The roads are not good, and the inhabitants are so few that the traveler may go eighty or a hundred miles without seeing a village. Persons whom the traveler may meet are often wandering bandits who live in tents or inhabit mountain caves. Wild yak and bloodthirsty wolves are also encountered. Under such circumstances many lives have been lost.

One day I had gone on ahead leaving my companion behind, when I suddenly saw a wild yak charging in my direction. As there were

no trees in that wilderness, there seemed to be no escape. I saw a high rock, however, and managed to reach it before the yak was upon me. The enraged animal pawed the ground in his fury and kept going around my rock of refuge. I thanked God for my place of safety and kept on praying. The thought came to me with great comfort that just as on the rock I was safe from the fury of the yak, so in Christ, the Rock of Ages, I am safe from the attacks of Satan.

By this time my companion and some others came in sight, and began shouting at the yak. By throwing stones and wounding it they succeeded in frightening it away, but the noise brought to the spot some bandits who lived in near-by caves, and we were compelled to go with them. We had escaped from wild beasts, but had fallen into the hands of wild men! In all my travels I have had less trouble from wild animals than from wild men. The robbers proceeded to take everything we had, but we were grateful that our lives were spared. On finding a suitable opportunity, I preached the Gospel to them which, through the influence of God's Spirit, so touched their hearts that within an hour they restored to us all our goods. Taking me to be a Christian lama, they prepared a special cup of tea for me, flavored with salt and butter. Before eating we praised and thanked God that He had "prepared a table before us in the presence of our enemies," so that" Out of the eater came forth food, and out of the strong came forth sweetness." God thus showed His power in a wonderful way, and strengthened our faith.

We ate the gruel, drank the tea, had prayers and went to sleep. Rising early in the morning, we gave the robbers some further teaching and then continued on our way. On reaching a village we spent some time in preaching and were afterwards talking. We overheard two merchants referring to the death of T. Wangdi whom I had baptized a few years before. As result of his death the little congregation to which he ministered had been broken up and scattered. Although this news brought great sadness to me, still I reflected that God had allowed this to happen and that His will was best. My trust is that He will, in His own time, raise up more true Christians and evangelists who may be used to bring the inhabitants of this dark, Closed Land to the Saviour. I feel sure that the work done in the past and now going on will be made fruitful by God. Amen.

We continued to witness in Western Tibet for some time longer and then returned. Our intention had been to stay at least another month in that region, but from September on for several months the roads leading to India over passes 18,000 feet high are closed on account of snow.

In closing, I wish to thank the friends who have helped me by their prayers. The time is near when we shall see the fruit of our labors and rejoice in the Lord.

GIRLS DR ILLING AT WOMA N'S CHRISTIAN COLLEGE

Educating the Women of Asia.

The Story oj the Union Christian Colleges jor Women if the Orient.

MRs, HENRY V , PEABODY, BEVERLY, MASS, PERHAPS the most remarkable which have matured under the direc- educati onal movement in t he tion of t he ten Woman's F or eign Mis- world at the present t ime is that sion Boards interested and whieh will am ong the women of the Far E ast . culminate in un effort to secure the Before the war there were three or remainder of the amount urgently foUl' experiments in higher educa- needed for the first groups of build- tion. These were all under denomina- ings, t.ional direction, It is extremely THE AREA COVERED difficult, however, for an;Y one As we glance across t o the eastern denomination to provide a body of shore of Asia we shall find these union students, efficient faculty and a suit- Christian colleges for women strategi- able site and buildings for a woman 's cally located. One in 'l'okyo, the college. great capital of Japan, represents 'l'he very difficulties have led the the cooperation of six Boards in the Woman 's ' Boards of Foreign Mis- United States and Canada, It seemed sions to come together in a cooper- best to locate the Union college, which ative way and contribute to all these is to be of high grade, in the capital, needs, thus making it possible to Tokyo, where we have many girls '

provide adequate, standardized, well- schools of preparatory grade, and can equipped institutions, draw from all parts of the Empire We have recently referred to the students anxious to study in the work of the Union Colleges in the capital.

REVIEW, W e now bring the plans The president of the college is Dr. Nitobe, an eminent Christian J apan- "]"or furtbe r " et ails see the booklet on Japan ese, formerly professor in the Im- :~~Cbgl~:Ys~~esefd::d o~rOt~e thg~e~~m~~t;:ta~~~ periaI University. The dean is Miss ~eI~h1:s c~~let'i.rl~ti!~pa~ is~~o~stOjntb~h:o~::;pl:.~ 865

Yasui. A great helper in establishing write for his need' Already some Yenching the college has been Dr. A. K. girls have done good work as editors and Reischauer, who has devoted himself translators, and some are even now writing in a most unusual way to the inter- widely read articles in the daily press. ests of this institution. Peking University is keenly alive to the importance of equipping its students for It has been possible to purchase such work, and is planning largely for its twenty-four acres of land in the most Department of Journalism for both men desirable part of Tokyo where the and women. new college is to be built. When the West introduced herself forciblv Coming down to Peking we find an and not wllOlly graciously to the older, mor~ admirable beginning in Yenching conservative Far East, is it strange that College, of which Dr. Luella Miner intricate social and economic problems have is the president. This college began resulted from the' interaction of the two before the war but has recently taken civilizations¥ With the founding of the on new life and has become a union Republic, even secluded women scented the college with four Boards cooperating. tang of liberty ill the air and craved a new freedom, a freedom always fraught with danger to unaccustomed feet. Sometimes students in government schools try to ex- YEN CHING COLLEGE STUDENTS SERVING BREAKFAST TO FAMINE REFUGES This is _the first known instance of such practical social service managed and supported wholly by Chinese women It is affiliated with the University of press their new sense of Uberty in hybrid Peking and has acquired a beautiful piece of land in connection with the ways that bring disaster. The hundreds of University grounds where it will erect students returning each year from study its buildings. and social contacts in Europe and America have added their element of unrest; and We quote from the booklet on many wise ones prophesy only evil of many Yenching College written by Mrs. departures from the old folk -ways. Yet Frame, formerly acting president of underneath the various seething elements, the college: lasting foundations are being laid by the Christian Church in China. Old China contentedly read the classics through its huge horn spectacles for some Yenching is glad at heart for all that three thousand years, but those muchexpounded volumes do not satisfy Young her graduates are doing in administration, China. Any day he may be SCBll hUllting jn education, medicine, literature, as reover the book-stalls for books on modern ligious workers, social workers, lecturers, in science, history, philosophy,-he is hungry social reform, as home missionary pioneers for them all. Who but college-trained in distant, lonely fields, as Y. W. C. A. scholars and authors can investigate and secretaries. In a hundred ways their patient endeavor is helping their sisters to meet the new social complexities and changes with dignity and intelligence. But none the less constructive is their work as home-makers

EDUCATING THE WOMEN OF ASIA

and mothers. Comrades of their husbands, had received their training. Girls with a everywhere they work together, quietly high purpose and gifts like theirs deserve weaving a strong fabric of community life the best that Christian education can give, out of the patriarchal family life of the and China herself is too distracted just now past and the democracy of the present. To to understand wholly their immediate need. leaven the new social order is surely the greatest work of Christian education. All The greatest gift to China today is the direct or indirect training Yenching can not money, although she needs money, give her stndents, whether by courses in Education, Sociology or Home Economics, nor political advice, though she needs in society or in class organizations, by de· that sorely; it is the Christian trainbates and plays and pageants, by athletics ing of her young men and women. and music and 80ciul service, to develop a In this college in the capital of old spirit of initiative, poise and considerate cooperation, counts in this. China we are laying the foundation of the new China,-a vast country, Leaders in constructive patriotism, in with 400,OOO,OQO people. Shall we Christjan social service" in education, lit er- AN OPEN AIR CLASS ROOM OF GINLING COLLEGE, CHINA atllre, journalism, in molding the new social grudge her this help in beginning her order,-these, then, are the answer that mighty task T Yenching tries to give to the clamoring needs of China, the part sbe tries to play Is it unreasonable that several days in preparing the alert young womanhood journey from Peking we should esof North China to do its share with vision tablish another woman's college in and distinction. With such a splendid task Nanking? This college is one of our hefore her iu these heartening days of war babies. It opened its doors in increasing international friendship and 1915 in the old home of Li Hung understanding, Yenching is sure that her Chang. It looks like a charming friends everywhere will see to it that the college is no longer hampered by the con· building ill a photograph, but in stant struggle, such as she has endured in past years, with cramped, deficient labora· reality it is utterly unfit for the purtories, a microscopic library and severe pose for which it has been used for limitations in equipment, money and space. six years. Without any heating sys- Nor is it fair to the good name of Christian tem the old walls are wet and cold. higher education that Yenching stand forth, Not only the girls, but the American thus handicapped, as its representative be- college women who have gone out fore the Chinese pnblic. President Pendle· there to give their lives to build up ton of Wellesley, on a recent visit, wondered this college, have suffered cruelly in their health from the unsanitary conat the fine type of Yenclling graduates whom she met, after she had seen the in· sufficient college equipment with which they

ditions. Ginling College, as it is footsteps. The college has become a called, (the old classical name of union institution and will provide the Nanking), has also acquired land, Woman's Christian College for the buying up a great graveyard which north of India. It is affiliated with is to be used for the site of a woman's the Allahabad University which Christian college. Already we have guarantees its standards. part of the money for the first buildings. It is a most urgent need that We quote from the booklet on we secure the funds immediately to Lucknow College the following record complete these buildings, as the col- of what the college (the Lal Bagh) lege cannot remain where it is and can show as a result of its workwe are not able to move it until we can have dormitories and class rooms The :first Arya Samaj B. A. graduate. The F. Sc. graduate who became the at least on the new site. second woman with the B. Sc. degree in Ginling has already made a good India. The F. Se. graduate who later gradllated record. The many preparatory lit the foremost Medical college in North schools in East and Central China are India as the first Mohammedan woman doctor in India and probably in the world.

STUDYlNG THE HUMAN BRAlN AT ISABELLA THOBURN COLLEGE. INDIA sending up their girls who will go The first woman B. A. and the first back with their college degrees and Normal School gradnate from Rajputana. their thorough training to build up the Missions from which they came. The nrst woman to receive her M. A. They will also take important posi- in North India. tions as educators, writers, doctors, reformers, teachers in the new edu- The nrst Mohammedan woman to take her cational system of China. F. A. examination from the Central Next we come into India, where we Provinces. find Lucknow, the first college for Probably the first F. A. student to take women in the East. It was only a little girls' school fifty years ago when her examination in pardah. Isabella Thoburn went out under the The :first Teachers Conference (heM Methodist Episcopal Church. Under her direction the little school grew annually) in India. into a woman '8 college. One of the The first woman's College to offer the first graduates became its acting president, the famous Lilavati Singh. }-'. Sc. cou rse. There will be others to follow in her The first Kindergarten in India. 'I'he first college in India with full staff of women and residence accommodation. 'fhe first college to have on its staff an Indian lady. The first woman (Lilavati Singh) from the Orient to serve on a world '8 Committee.

The first woman dentist. The first woman agriclllturist. The nrst woman in India to be in charge of a Boys' High School.

EDUCATING 'rHE WOMEN OF ASIA

ALaI Bagh graduate organized the Home It is an international experiment in Missionary Society which has developed into which Great Britain, the United an agency of great service to the neglected States and Canada are bound to- Anglo-Indian community scattered through- gether and twelve Boards unite in out India. its maintenance, six in Great Britain, five in the United States and one in The Lal Bagh student who took an agri- Canada. The Board of Governors cultural course in America is now helping meets in three sections, one in the convert wastes of the Himalaya regions city of Madras, one in London, Enginto fruitful valleys. land, and one in New York City_ The faculty is equally divided between A week's journey from Lucknow, American and English women.4I over the plains and along the rivers of India, brings us to Madras, the Already the college has distingreat capital city of Madras Presi- guished itself, taking in 1920 the only dency, with a half million people of two first honors given in science by varying speech and religions. There are Hindus, Mohammedans, Bud- MADRAS CHRISTIAN COLLEGE STUDENTS TEACHING CHILDREN dhists and Christians. Telugu, Tamil, Madras University, which covers all Hindustani and English are spoken the many colleges for men in the freely. In this polyglot city in 1915 Presidency. This year the gold the Women's Union Christian Col- medal in Economics and the gold lege for South India was opened. It medal for advanced English, have was in the year of war and there were gone to this new Woman's College in questions as to whether there would Madras. .They have never lacked for be students, whether a location could students from the day the college be found, whether there would be opened in July, 1915. The old funds to maintain it. God has won- Mohammedan harem, where it began derfully blessed it in giving it, first its life, was over-crowded; then came of all, a very remarkable woman as the new building with its wonderful president, Miss Eleanor MacDougall, Rtory, then the dormitory which was a member of the faculty of London provided by British and American University, who laid down an important and honorable position to try this *The story is told in the little booklet. Madras experiment for the women of India. Christian College, and is almost a miracJe story. It will result in miracles for th~ oppressed and depressed women of India.

women, collegiate alumnae in Amer- eral appeal should be made to all ica taking a large share. Now it Christian men and women for this needs a science building, a chapel, a great educational enterprise. teachers' college department and various other buildings. When the Joint Committee, which is composed of members of the seven Vellore Medical Missionary school College Boards, with a strong adis located about four hours south of visory group, considered the needs Madras on the railway. Here Dr. and put them all together they Ida Scudder, backed by the earnest amounted to $3,000,000 for land, efforts of all medical missionaries, buildings and equipment. This is men and women of South India, started on a great venture in August, to be divided among seven institu- 1918. There are many millions of tions practically without buildings women and there are so few doctors- and equipment. Two of these ar€' not one to a million. With child medical schools and require expensive marriage and child motherhood we hospitals if they are to do efficient can easily iIr.1agine the frightful con- work.

ditions. This effort to train Indian An appeal was made to the trustees of the Laura Spellman Rockefeller Memorial Christian women in medical work, Fund. After a thorough investigation the e:ending them out as doctors to their trustees voted in February, 1921, to grant own women, is one of the most important events of this century. There approximately a million dollars if the .roint is no lack of students. One hundred and fifty were turned away last year Committee could secure two million dollars. as there was no buildings in which An effort had been made in November and they could live, no class rooms ade- December, 1920, and a really remarkable quate. Through the Christmas ap- return came. Through the International peal last year the first buildings were Christmas Gift, $217,000 was raised in small begun. Now it remains for us to amounts. The Boards and friends con· complete them." tributed $300,000, and the Rockefeller Memorial trnstees $250,000. Already $750,- There is good free literature on 000 has been sen.t to the fieM_- and bnilding the subject of these Dll,on colleges, has begun. Shall the work be halted Y and there is on foot a plan of cam- Our task now is to secure one million paign by all the cooperating Boards three hundred thousand dollars in order that which includes the Baptist, Christian we may receive the $700,000 still to come Woman's Board, Congregationalist, from the Laura Spellman Rockefeller Canadian Methodist, Canadian Pres- Memorial Fund. Last year the campaign byterian, Lutheran, Methodist Epis- was handicapped by the famine in Europe copal, Presbyterian, Reformed Church and later by the call for help in China. It in America, Methodist Episcopal was not easy to secure even small amounts South. This does not rule other with these other pressing needs which appeal Boards out from taking part, since to all and especially to the Christian Church. these are practically the only higher This year also we foresee many calls. We institutions in those territories and believe, however, that this might well be in them -are being educated young put first by those who are seeking the perwomen sent from schools under these manent well-being of the world and the other Boards who have not yet en- coming of the Kingdom of our Lord, Jesus tered into active cooperation. There- Christ. The Boards are uniting and are fore it seems entirely just that a gen- providing literature preparatory to a cam- paign beginning about November first and -Mrs. Caroline Atwater Mason bas written continuing through February or March. an admirable booklet on Vellore in a series which the Joint Committee Is publiShing. There There will be in approximately one hun· are seven of these illustrated booklets. They dred large centers in the country what is are sold by Boards at cost (five cents each). known as College Day. Plans and pro- They are given away to any key women who will grams are provided for the luncheon, the endeavor to secure gifts tor these colleges. tea for Collegiate Alumnae in the after- noon, and a mass meeting with the pageant in the evening. There will be speakers of national reputation who will give their services during this campaign, including Mrs. W. F. McDowell, Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgomery, Miss Margaret Hodge, Miss Margaret Slattery, Mrs. E. C. Cronk, Mrs.

EDUCATING THE WOMEN OF ASIA

Alice Brown Frame, Mrs. DeWitt Knox, work in the colleges in cooperation with t"e Student department of the Y. W. O. A. Mrs. Nicholson; and many others. College Conncilors can reach this Committ.ee A central office has been established in tbrougb Mrs. D. J. Fleming, the cbairmall, Englewood, N; J., and the college secre· Boston a nd a branch office will be estab- taries. One of ' the most encouraging Dnd lished in Chicago. Mrs. H enry W. P eabody hopeful developments has been the warm is chairman of the Building Fund Com· cooperation of the American Association of mittee. Miss Hilda L. Olson is assjstant University women, formerly the Association treasurer. They are located at 300 Ford of Collegiate Alumnae. Building, Boston, Mass. All inquiries, ord ers and checks may be sent to this office. The plans are well under way and are Where desired friends may send checks or calculated to reach all groups, church, com· pledges to the treasurer of their own munity, college, club and individuals. We Woman'8 Foreign Mission Society who is in realize, however, that it is not an easy time close touch with the treasure". of the ,Joint t o ask for money. We know that many who Committee and will make adjustment, giv. would gladly give find it impossible to do ing credit to their own denominational work. so. We therefore enter upon this effort with Miss Olson will also credit to all denomi· a feeling of utter dependence on God in nationally who desire, seeing that the f unds ENTRANCE TO THE UNION MISSIONARY MEDICAL SCHOOL, VELLOHE pass through the regular denominational Whose name this work must be done. We chunnels. An office will also be set up in believe that these colleges have been f ounded Chicago with Miss Ida Green in charge. on prayer. They are the very cap stone of the work the Woman's Foreign Mission So- LIGHTING CHRISTMAS CANDLES cieties have done for fifty years. To leave them now to fail, or to hand them over to A simple pageant has been prepared and other hand s less Christian would be a discan be given by groups of young women aster. We have the opportunity to train with good effect. It has be~n most su e· scores, bundreds, .thousands of Oriental cessful in securing pledge~ a"d gifts, where women to be the leaders of the great hosts it has been used. There is al"" an attractive of women who still wait for deliverance, stereopticon lecture in preparation "nd this who can never be redeemed from the awful can be secnred fr om headqua r ters in Sltn oppression and suffering until they are reo Francisco, Chicago and Boston. Mrs. P aul deemed through the Savionr of the world.' Raymond, of San Francisco, is in charge 0f the work on tbe coast. There are St.aie L17'ER A~'VRE Committees now in progress of org,"nization, includin.; both denominational representa· A serie8 of -seven W-pay e illu~tratecJ, booklets tives and outstanding state [eaders. 'rhe one on each college. Federation of Foreign Mission Bo"rds Is keenly interested in the movement. The Pledges singly and in packs of ten for those chairman, Mrs. Boyd, is an advisory nJem· who will give service. ber of the committee. The Student Com – mittee of the F ederation takes charge of the IHustrated Circular for general use. Suggestions for state Bnd local comm1ttees. 1'k. Pageant-"Lightlng the Cand le…. The Student Appeal. Apply to Mrs. Henry W. P eabody tor In- formatioD, 300 Ford BuUdlng, Boston, Mass.

MBTHODS

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 1612 GROVE AVENUE, RICHMOND, VA.

CHRISTMAS IS COMING!

The shop windows are preparing to procl~im its approach. The children are talking about it. Already mysterious confidences are beill~ whispered. There are those who hail its approach with joy, and also those who face with dread the overcrowded days, that seem to have become a requirement in the lives of some people to manufacture Christmas joy for the lives of other people. Let us even now go to Bethlehem and see again the thing which is come to pass. Let us hear again the angel's message of the first Christmas. Let us learn how to keep the King's birthday aright.

Christmas time is a time For praising God-' , Glory to God in the highest." A time for brotherliness and good will-" Peace on earth, good will to men." A time for joyousness-" Behold I bring you good tidings of great joy." A time of missionary meaning 'and message–" Which shall be to all the people."

Would that at this Christmas time the Church of Jesus Christ might catch the full missionary meaning and message of Christmas, and instead of waiting to receive, rise up to give the Christmas message to "all the people."

Let churches and Sunday-schools and Young People's Societies, and Brotherhoods and Women's Societies and schools and colleges, fix their eyes, not on themselves at Christmas, but on those who yet wait the announ<:ement of the good tidings of great joy.

THE MISSIONARY MEANING AND MESSAGE m~ CHRISTMAS A Chrilltmas Tree for All Nations nations. When the doors of the de- W E have had many impersonations tention rooms were opened, they of all the children of the world poured into the hall in a seemingly gathering around a great Christmas endless stream, gaily colored here, tree. On last Christmas visitors somber there. Every eye eagerly at Ellis Island really saw children of all nations, not imper- sought the Christmas trees. There sonated but real, circling the two were handkerchiefs pulled out here Christmas trees that reached from and there and one could read un· the floor almost to the ceiling of the written stories of hope deferred and great halL The room was gay with longing to spend Christmas with loved ones instead of in detention American flags and Christmas greens. quarters, but soon the applause b-e- Only the galleries were reserved for came unanimous as Commissioner visitors from America. Every seat Wallis welcomed all nations to Ameron the main floor of the hall was ica "in the name of the Christ Child needed for the newcomers from many. whose birthday we celebrate."

. 872 Such a ['011 call as followed! Not the gifts were distributed. Four thoua roll call of individuals but of na- sand men, women and children tions – Italiano! Checho Slav! formed in line and went up to the Grecco, Jugo Slav! Yiddish and many tables single file to receive their gifts. more. The hands went up as nation- Costumes val'ied, languages were difalities were called and there was ferent but a child's smile is the same round after round of applause for the wide world round and if the hoys "good attendance." In fact, ap- and girls who prepared the gifts could plause seemed to he the one possible have seen the faces of the boys and method of self expression. 'fhe girls who received them, they would speakers must have been conscious of have been content. There were dolls a certain waning in their gratifica- -five hundred of them; toys of every tion in the enthusiasm which greeted description; – clothing, hair ribbons; their words when, instead of the ex- Copyright, Underwood Cr" Underwuod THE CHRISTMAS TREE FOR ALL THE NATIONS Three thousand, nine hundred and ninety others were ahead of the last person in the receiving line for Christmas gifts at Ellis Island last Christmas eve. The ,picture shows Commissioner Wallis placing a don in the eager hands 01 onc of the smalJer lW~comers to America who spent Christmas in detention. Mrs. D. E. Waid. Chairman of the Christmas Committe for Ellis Island, stands by the large basket filled with dons, ratt!es and toys tor the tiniest tots. On the tables are stacks of candy, fruit and other gifs.

pected stillness following the prayer, handkerchiefs; mittens; fancy bags there came the most rapturous burst and various other gifts, and bags of of applause. It was evident the candy and fruit, which had been sent audience didn't understand the words by the missionary- societies and of anything that was being said ex- Sunday-schools. cept as it was translated into the language of the various groups, but The Bible gives special instrucit was' equally evident that they un- tions for kindness to "the stranger derstood the spirit of all that was within our gates." It was good to being said and -done, and wanted to be at Ellis Island on Christmas eve express their -appreciation. and see how thoughtful hearts had gone beyond the Biblical injunction After the program was finished, and given a thought to those who

were just, outside our gates hoping "How beautiful upon the moun· to come in. tains are the feet of him that bringeth The spirit oj' the workers who made Christmas a day oj' joy j'or the many good tidings; that saith unto Zion, nations at Ellis Island, should find place in every city and town where thy God reigneth. there are lonely hearts of those who are awav from home. An earnest "Break forth into joy, sing tosearch ""ill !reveal undreamed of opportunities even in small places. gether ye waste places, for the Lord CHRISTMAS IN PICTURES hath comforted his people."

ONE of the most beautiful Christ- "The people that walked in dark- mas p!l'ograms for Sundayschools given in 1920 was prepared by ness have seen a great light." the Fifth Avenue Baptist Church, New York, under the direction of Mrs. "They that dwell in the land of Herbert L. Hill. the shades of death, on them hath the The chief feature oj' the program was a series of Christmas tableaux. light shined." A frame 7×8 feet was made of six-inch boards, gilded and fastened to front "Comfort ye, comfort ye my peoof platform. Draperies covered remainder of :front stage. Draw cur- ple, saith your God." tains were placed inside frame, and lights, inside frame above and at "And the glory of Jehovah :;;hall sides, with a spot light high at left. Dull blue netting stretched over open- be revealed, and all flesh shall see it ing in frame gave an atmospheric effect to the pictures. A reversible together; for the mouth of Jehovah drop or screen was placed about six feet back of the curtain. For out- hath spoken it." door scenes the dull cobalt blue side was used. For indoor scenes the "0 thou that tellest good tidings other side covered with oatmeal wall paper was turned. For out-door to Zion, get thee up on a high mounscenes very small and medium sized Christmas trees were used with loose tain; 0 thou that tellest good tidings branches laid on floor at angle of screen and 'floor. to Jerusalem, lift up thy voice with The program presented in three strength; lift it up, be not afraid; phases the story of the coming of the Saviour to earth: say unto the cities of Judah, Behold FW8t-The Prophecy. your God!" Second-The Fulfilment. Third-The' Result. " Behold the Lord Jehovah will FIRST PICTURE: THE PROPHETS come as a mighty one, and his arm Three men posed as in Sargent's will rule for him; Behold, his reward Frieze, with Isaiah in center, draped, one in white with cowl over head, one is with him, and his recompense bein crimson velour, the other in tan. The curtains were drawn open-held fore him." –closed, as the following Messianic prophecies were read: "He will feed his flock like a shep- herd, he will gather the lambs in his arm, and carry them in his bosom and will gently lead those that have their young."

"For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given; and the government shall be upon his shoulder; and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace."

"But thou Bethlehem Ephratah, which art little to be among the thou.

sands of Judah, out of thee shall one come forth unto me that is to be the ruler in Israel."

The hymn "Thou didst leave thy throne and thy kingly crown," was sung. • SECOND PICTURE: THE FULFILMENT—– SHEPHERDS OF THE PLAINS The picture showed four boys cos- tumed as shepherds. They held an attitude of awe and reverence while

BEST METHODS

light increased and diminished. FOURTH PICTURE: WISE MEN ON FOOT Scripture ~eading of Luke 2: 8-13 was given: POINTING TO LIGHT, FROM STAR "And there were shepherds in the Costumes were copied from well same country abiding in the field, known painting, with head dresses and keeping watch by night over their made of scarfs wound into turbans, flock. And an angel of the Lord and draperies· of richly colored porstood by them, and the glory of the tieres and hangings. Lord shown around them; and they were sore afraid. And the angel said "We Three Kings," (sung by unto them, Be not afraid; for behold, choir) . I bring you good tidings of great joy which shall be to all the people; for "Brightest and Best," (sung by there is born to you this day in the school) . city of David a Saviour, who is Christ the Lord. And this is the sign unto FIFTH PICTURE: RESULTS you: Ye shall find a babe wrapped in swaddling clothes, and lying in a (Portrayed in three scenes.) manger. And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the First Scene: HOSPITAL AT NELLOBE, India. heavenly host praising God, and say- Doctors and nurses ready for an opera· ing, " tion. Receipt of case of instruments, the gift of the Fifth Avenue Sunday-school " Gloria" (sung by choir). shown.

Scripture reading of Luke 2: 14-16. Second Scene: Boys SCHOOL AT VANGA, AFRJCA. Outdoor school, six boys shown "Glory to God in the highest, and sitting on ground with missionary reading on earth peace among men in whom the Bible. he is well pleased. And it came to pass, when the angels went away from Third Scene: KrNDEBGA&TEN AT To~yo. them into heaven, the shepherds said Row of kindergarten children dressed ill one to another, 'Let us now go even J apallese kimonos seated in chairs. Teacher unto Bethlehem, and see this thing in Japanese costume. that is come to pass, which the Lord hath made known unto us.' And BUILDING A CHRISTMAS VILLAGE they came with haste, and found Mary and Joseph, and the babe lying in AT NATIONAL CATHEDRAL the manger." SCHOOL "Oh Come all ye faithful" (sung by school). It was only a tiny village and the buildings numbered but four. So THIRD PICTURE: SHEPHERDS A.T THE far as the eye could s~e the con- struction material was cardboard, but DOOR OF STABLE, KNEELING when the village was sacked, silver and gold, love and sacrifice were The stable was represented by an found in the building _ .materials. opening suggesting an open door Hearts and lives were revealed builded made by a few boards with a slanting into the little white village on the roof covered with straw. The spot table. light within, shining on the kneeling shepherds, suggested the presence of Last. Christmas the students of the the Madonna and child. National Cathedral School at Wash- ington decided that instead of giving "Though poor be the Chamber," presents to each other and the faculty, (sung by choir). they would make white gifts to the King. The special causes agreed on "It came upon the midnight clear" were: (sung by school). A Mission church in China, A School for French Orphans, The Union Christian Colleges of the Orient, And the starving children of the Near East.

This part of the program was followed by the "Birds Christmas Carol" with nine pictures illustrating the spirit of Christmas as ex- pressed by one little girl. Careful attention was given to arranging the tableaux with 'artistic color combinations.

The invisible choir auded much to the eflect of the pictures.

A small table was prepared on box thcy put slips of paper for what which to build a Christmas village. Above it hung a beautiful picture of they termed their "Spirit Gifts." the Christ child in his mother's arms. A small Christmas tree stood Written on these slips were the few underneath and Christmas greens decorated the room. Paste-board words in which they sought to exmodels of a church and a school were made. The model of Ginling Col- press the purposes of their hearts as CHRISTMAS- VILLAGE IN"A CATHEDRAL they brought their gifts for the Christ SCHOOL Child. lege furnished by: the Committee on Union Chrjstian colleges was placed Instead of classes hurrying around beside them, and two packing bags for the children of the Near East with subscription papers to get preswere suspended from the knobs of the table. In the center stood a box of ents for the various members of the pure white, labelled' 'White Gifts for the King." Into the slots in the faculty, the gifts went into the cardboard buildings the students and faculty dropped their gifts for the Christmas village. Instead of students various causes, during several weeks preceding Christmas. Into the white going on frantic shopping expedi- tions in overcrowded stores, to buy useless trinkets they could not afford for friends who did not need them, they stood at various times before the little white Christmas village and in thought walked out and in the streets of the world's need and made their gifts to relieve it.

There was no lack of Christmas joy in the National Cathedral school. As I heard the joyous advent hymns' in the chapel; as I saw the radiant facEls of the girls when they ·told me of their Ghristmas plans; as I noted the absence of the tense "Christmas expression," which elsewhere had told its story of weary shopping, of overdrawn .;3,ccounts, of the binding ne¢essity fo1" giving presents- because presents were to be received in ex- change; .as I stood there before th,at little white village, I realized I had come to' a place where there was room for the Christ at Christmas. "

The President of the missionary society wrote after Christmas: "I had the pleasure of helping to make some of the buildings and of putting the village all safely away in the office at night and setting it up each morning. One of the happiest moments of many happy days at school was , when the village was sacked and we found treasures within that surpassed even ou'r greatest hopes."

MISSIONARY MESSAGES IN CHRISTMAS HYMNS Unquestionably there' is a call for some of our great hymn writers to

1921J BEST METHODS

express more clearly the missionary bunches of straw answers the purpose message of Christmas. nicely.) Christmas trees and greens are banked on either side. As a rule the adaptation of hymns does not improve them, and 'much vio- To this on Christmas Sunda.f the lence has been done to the grand old clJildren bring their gifts of lovehymns of the Church by the attempts toys for the Horne Missions, books to make revisions that arc far below for the poor, money for the cause the standard of the original hymns. designated by the Mission Board, etc. Without any changes in the hymns as The beautiful old hymns and carols written, two effective missionary ad- are softly played or sung as the memditions to the singing of two well- bers of the whole school march up to known Christmas hymns may be deposit their gifts for the Christ made. Child's children.

" ANGELS FROM THE REALMS OF CHRISTMAS GIFTS FOR THE MISSION- GLORY." After the choir has sung ARY ON THE FIELD.-Gather interestthe first verse, have hidden angel ing and well kJ;lown flowers and choir sing to same tune: autumn leaves. Press carefully. Mount and bind sheets together in an ." True we came from realms of glory attractive way. This little booklet Brought the tidings to the earth 'bringing its message from home will But we cannot tell the story mean much to one who has long been Of the Saviour's lowly birth. absent from familiar fields and woods. Only men may tell the story Tell the story of the King. Soon after reaching home from Northfield this summer, one girl " Nations to their false Gods bending started in on her Christmas gift for Waiting long in doubt and fear her "special" missionary. She All must know of love. unending, copied special messages from her Of the Christ to men come near. copious notes, made quotations from Only men may tell the story the many addresses, mounted snap Tell the story of the King." shots of Northfield views, leaders, ~issionaries, etc., wrjting under each "AWAY IN A MANGER." After this an appropriate bit of description. All hymn is silng by a group of children of these were bound together in bookin white, have anqther group, cos- let form and now are on th!lir wfl,y to tumed to represent' the children of gladden the heart of one w1}.o loves non-Christian lands sing: that sacred spot among the Con- necticut hills. Away in the darkness No Ught for our way; THE GIFT THAT ONE GIRL MADE.- We children are waiting She wanted so much to make a special The glad Christmas day. Christmas gift to missions-but she We need the Lord Jesus, had so little to give. And then came Oh send out the word the idea. She detested being a U nti! by all people "book-agent, "-but it was for her The story is heard. beloved missions!

*F.ront the pageant uThe Search for the She started out one afternoon with a bag full of books and magazines. ~~~; ~;P~~ilhtg~t:l L~in~~::;: !~~~na~~ They were very interesting books and magazines,-the new mission study America. "used by permi8810n. books, the woman's missionary maga- zine of her denomination and one or WORKABLE PLANS OF PRACTICAL two interdenominational magazines. Then there were painting books and WORKERS paper dolls, etc., which she had col- lected at the literature tables at the A CHRISTMAS MANGER IN THE SUNDAY-SCHOOL. – Our Christmas program is always held the Sunday b~fore Christmas, and the beautiful manger service has become an established feature. In the center of the largest assembly room, before the' platform, a manger of wood and straw is constructed. (A large packing box to the sides of which are tacked

missionary conference for the chil- How TO MAKE A CHRISTMAS STAR.

dren. -The Christmas stars seen in many Home after home in the church churches do triple violence to art, parish was visited and orders taken. astronomy and religion. It is not True, there was no profit in a finan- difficult to make a star with even, cial way, but that is just where her regular points and lines that do not gift came in. It was the gift of send- wobble. The accompanying direc- ing the knowledge of missions and tions and drawings are furnished by interest in missions into many homes Miss Maude Evelyn Bradley. Stars which otherwise would never have re- may be cut any size desired and used ceived the world wide vision. in many ways. A large star outlined OHRISTMAS DEOORATION with electric lights may be suspended over Christmas'tree. Care should be SUGGESTIONS taken to cover the star outline entirely with paper through which a silvery CHRISTMAS TREES FOR LAMP SHADES light effect is ,given without disclos- OR WINDOW DECORATIONS.-A beauti- ing the bulbs and the mechanism of ful effect may be obtained by having the star. A very simply made star the light either of windows or electric gives a good effect. Take an ordinary lights shine through cut out candles pasteboard box. Cut out star paton paper Christmas trees, made by tern; cover with very light yellow accompanying pattern. The founda- crepe paper; place electric light intion of the tree should be dark green side box. The box may be suspended mat stock or cardboard. Cut out over Christmas tree or wherever de· outline of candle and flame with sharp sired and at the proper time ill the knife. Paste over the candle Den- service, the light turned on so the nison's red crepe paper No. 81, and star glows while the other lights aru flver the flame yellow crepe paper No. turned off. 63. Make the pot of red mat stock and paste two bands of gold picture An effective Christmas star urooinding across the pot. Brace the gram may be given by a Sundaytree by pasting No. 15 wires with school or children's or young people's strips of black gummed tape. missionary society. The invitations may be printed on red, yellow or white If electric lights are not available, cardboard or heavy paper cut out in a row of these trees may be placed star design. Sprigs of holly may be across the front of Sunday-school pasted or painted on the star. A star room or church with a lamp or a poster may announce the meeting. candle behind each.

The central feature of the decorations should be a very large star made of red or yellow cardboard. In the center paste one of the Christmas pic- tures, "Holy Night," "Annunciation to Shepherds," "The Nativity" or "Magi and the Star." In each of the five points print names of some niis- sion fields, and paste pictures show- ing work being done there. Make the singing of Christmas carols one of the —-. PI!:tTe T"Uflt~ of T"ff features of the program. Have both an Old and a New Testament Bible ..~ w.~ ~1;'~~:~~: reading. Let the members of the school or society have part in arrang- ""'••••"'y.&o….Uy~ ~QT R,D OF PoT ing program by searching for verses A WINDOW CHRISTMAS TREE of prophecy referring to the Star.

"

BEST METHODS[ (Q i?J ~

(-m) U) (l>9 Ii t 1)6 FOLD E , ~C F f How to Make a ChristDlas Star (1) Out a square of paper.

(2) Fold lower half up on to upper and crease-(see I). (3) Fold A to Band crease-(see II). Mark B one-third down on Une X-Yo (4) Fold corner 0 forward to A and crease-(see III). (5) Fold corner D backward on line B-E and crease-(see IV). (6) Measure about one-third upon line E-B and mark F-(see IV). (7) Out from F to D; open, using E for the center of the star. Oare must be taken to hold paper in one position while folding.

Directions ana arawings by Mooae Evelyn Braaley.

These may be printed on scrolls and etc. .All the mission fields should be read by members representing grouped under the five points. The prophets. For the New Testament leader should interest the boys and lesson, let a class or a group recite in girls in getting information about the concert Luke 2 : 8-17 and another class points assigned to them and shoul.d or group follow immediately by re- shape the statements. While the citing Matthew 2: 1-10. These boys and girls representing the points Bible lessons may be recited by two of the Christmas star remain standindividuals instead of groups if pre- ing round the star, have a group of the youngest children go forward and ferred. sing Luther's Cradle Hymn, ".Away One of the chief features of the in a Manger." .As they finish, have another group of children dressed in program should be "The Five Points costumes of non-Christian lands go· of Our Christmas Star." Begin it forward and sing to same tune the with a three minute talk by some mis- words given on page 877. sionary leader, who points to the Christmas picture in center of star The offering for missions may be and tells what the coming of Christ gathered by the children of nonmeant to all the world, emphasizing Christian lands. The prayer should the fact that the angels' message when be that those who have seen the light the first Christmas star shone, de- of the Christmas star may carry its clared that the" good tidings of great light into all the world, and the entire joy" should be "to all the people." congregation should join in singing Give a few facts about those who have "Publish Glad Tidings" or "Jesus not yet heard and make clear that the Shall Reign." greatest of all Christmas opportunities is the giving of the Christmas As BOon as Ohri8tma8 1921# -18 pa8t Send al1 message to all those for whom it was account Of the plana and methods that were meant and who yet wait in darkness success!uJly used in your church to the editor for the light of the Christmas star. of the BEST METHODS Department 80 that other churches may have the benefit oj them The leader calls in turn for the five for Christmas I<}Z2. points of the Christmas star. Five boys or girls previously appointed HERE AND THERE METHODS and trained come forward and present the work being done, the need and Suggestions of successful plans from the call of the mission fields, intro- workers in various churches ducing their statement by "My point of the Christmas star goes to China," .A North Carolina woman has found opportunity in necessity. In order opportunity in necessity. She or- ganized a mission band which meets

while the parents are at Sunday A Virginia Sunday-school recently school and has an interesting and in- added to its wall program in an im- , terested group of children whose ages pressive way. On the Sunday fol- range from two to thirteen evpry lowing the sailing of an exceptionally Sl'nday afternoon. gifted young' man, who was a member_ of the school, as a missionary to Africa, An Illinois Sunday-school recently the boys and girls missionary organhad a "Tract Sunday." A commit- ization of the Church presented his tee carefully selected a missionary picture to the Sunday-school. leaflet for each member of the school. Twenty-five of the children sang There were many stories for the little "Speed Away on Your Mission of folks and some story leaflets, some Light" while the picture was being fact leaflets and various other types hung. for the older grades. Every member of the school went home with a leaflet As soon as his picture was in place, to be read on Sunday afternoon. The the Junior Club composed of boys and bill was paid by the Sunday-school. girls fourteen to eighteen presented the school with an empty frame, in- A woman who is widely known as side of which was painted the words a friend of students and who lives in a college town tries to arrange to "For our next missionary. have the students invited to some Who will it be?" Christian home for that "first awful, homesick Sunday." As this frame was hung opposite the one containing the picture of the She says: "Missionary women who missionary, the hymn "Send Me" have comfortable homes do not realize was sung. what an asset is theirs. They may not be able to make speeches and can· A member of the Young People's duct conventions but they can invite Society presented a' framed question: a student to have a cup of tea and a bit of home and talk over life prob- "What' are you going to do lems and opportunities with results with your life?" that may be more far reaching than those secured in a convention. The This was hung underneath the students here have 'sack suppers' empty frame' and the picture of the and they need some one who has a missionary who had sailed. home to which they are welcome to bring their sacks and where they can A member of the Women's Misput all the sandwiches in a pile and sionary Society presented the framed the fruit in another pile while the Bible verse: hostesR furnishes cocoa or coffee or a salad or something else that's "Pray ye therefore the Lord; of, 'homey.' The someone who fur- the harvest, that he send forth nishes that home will not likely have laborers into his harvest. any trouble in lining up the students when mission study days come. I Matthew 9 :38. think God places people in college towns. I wanted to be a missionary This was hung over the empty and became a Student Volunteer, but frame and then the special missionin the providence of God my field is ary feature of the program closed with a college town instead of India. There the singing of "Publish Glad Tiis a wonderful opportunity there for dings." enlisting students for missionary interest and service." The influence was not Closed with the service, however,for the picture and the pictureless frame and the question and the command remained constantly with the school.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City THE RELATION OF MISSIONARY to most able papers and discussions, EDUCATION TO OTHER FORMS but I heard almost nothing of the OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION part which missionary education By EMILY C. TILLOTSON, NEW YORK ~hould play in the achievements of Educational Secretary of the Woman's the great purposes which were so well Auxiliary, Protestant Episcopal Church outlined. A curriculum for a Col- The Christian Church is respon- ·legiate Department of Religious sible for the spiritual education of ·Education was suggested. It was its members. It has been said that carefully thought out as far as sub- "spiritual illiteracy is the greatest jects and number of hours allotted peril of organized society." If this to them were concerned, but a mis- is true of society at large, what of the sionary subject was not among those Church ~ Does such illiteracy exist to listed. Perhaps missionary education any degree in the Church of today? was presupposed-an obvious thing If so, Christian educational leaders too obvious to mention. But should face a responsibility so grave that we it be? Should it not be in the forc- may well pause to ask ourselves if front of any discussion of the re- we are properly discharging our great ligious education of any individual trust. Are we producing or are we or group of individuals? likely to develop under our present If missionary education is not reach- methods, the well-rounded Christian ing the membership of the Church so sorely needed in this troubled (including children and young peo- world? pIe) as it should, what is the cause?

Are religious educators putting the One cause may fairly be said to emphasis in the right place f Can lie in the fact that we have not the religious life be complete if it progressed beyond the departmental is not missionary-minded ~ Must not mind; that we have not yet seen the the missionary motive and aim, the educational necessity of the Church desire for missionary service, be the in terms of the whole.

heritage of every child and of every The solution, at least a step toward young person whether in or out of it, is in the kind of united effort reprecollege Y If so, those of us who are sented by words growing daily more missionary educators must be ptre- familiar in modern life of which we pared to face some significant facts. are a part; viz., cooperation and co- It is continually brought to my notice ordination. A suggested plan might that children today are not getting be somewhat as follows: the amount of missionary knowledge A cooperative committee might be they should have. Only a small part, made up of representatives from all comparatively, of the time of the boards or departments which have church school sessions is given over as one of their activities that of edu- to missionary instruction. Enough cation, viz., missions, home and for- attention is not being given to the eign; religious education; and social production of attractive missionary service (when that exists as a sep- material. arate entity). The duty of such a The programs of summer confer- .committee should be to coordinate the ences are frequently weak on the mis- various educational plans or pro- sionary side. I attE'nded lately a grams so that when they reach the Religious Education Conference, a local church there shall be no con- representative gathering, and listened fusion or overlapping.

881

This plan might be adjusted to fit of subjects which are most needed, the need of the local churches, which and make them our minimum essen- should have each its educational com- tials; (3) even when subject matter mittee whose duty it would be to co- has been well selected, methods of operate in the plans outlined by the teaching may be so abstract that committee mentioned above. Summer students are not able to apply many conferences would be affected by such things that they really know; (4) a plan. When they are general in by certain scientific tests we can their character, curricula should be measure achievement and diagnose determined by a program committee difficulties much better than by the <;>n which different interests are repre- current methods; and (5) the con- sented. nection of work in school with the .Any presentation of the gospel in subsequent career demands much which the emphasis is not ultimately closer oversight than it has ever remissionary is bound to result in the ceived, i. e., vocational guidance. production (certainly in far too many These things suggest that in miscases) of a type of Christian who, no sionary education we direct our trainmatter how real is his personal de- ing more specifically to the habits we votion to Christ, suffers from a wish to cultivate, that we formulate spiritual blind spot which obscures and concefttrate on certain minimum from him the world-wide vision which essentials, that we devise tests of the it is the aim of all missionary educa- missionary insight and attitudes of tion to give; and without which our church and Sunday-school members. labor is lost, but with which "Thy There are interesting applications along all these lines which there is little ones go forth as the mighty." not space here to develop. This ar- DESIRABLE DEVELOPMENTS IN ticle treats only some possible appli- MISSIONARY EDUCATION cations of vocational guidance to By T. H. P. SAILER, PH.D., NEW YORK missionary education.

Educational Adviser of the Board of Foreign The factors in vocational guidance Missions, Presbyterian Church in have been outlined as follows: (1) the U. S. A. a survey of the world's work to indi- One way of obtaining desirable de- cate possibilities of achievement, and velopments in missionary education -arouse interest in meeting great needs; is to consider some of the most recent (2) estimating the possibilities of tendencies in secular education. usefulness of every pupil; (3) Perhaps the most notable of these is guidance in deciding on an occupathe critical, pragmatic spirit which tion and re-choice if the first selection is unwilling to take traditional aims proves undesirable; (4) specific and methods for granted, but which preparation for the function selected; subjects the latter to tests and recon- (5) placement, getting individuals structs accordingly. It has been dis- connected with definite jobs; (6) covered that education is much more employment supervision, following specific than was formerly imagined, up and encouraging those at work in that there is no general type which meeting their difficulties; (7) modiyields all benefits, but that for each fication of school practice, a recondesired result we must devise corre- struction of our methods to meet the needs which these processes will dissponding means.

In particular it appears that (1) cover; (8) an ultimate and gr.adual the values derived from a given study change of our whole economic environ- cannot be transferred at par to other ment, so that young people will have studies, but may suffer a heavy dis- a better chance in life.

count; (2) it is therefore well to Possible missionary applications of concentrate on the subjects and parts these eight points are as follows: (1)

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

all Christians should survey the needs sionary education and promotional of the whole world before they choose education, there is always the danger their life calling; (2) the principal lest missionary education be deprived way of estimating every church mem- of its largest and most effective serv- ber is by what he is good for in the ice if its policies are controlled by way of Christian service; (3) we :financial considerations.

need to help our young people choose The other type of missionary pro- motion should be even more carefully their callings and revise their choices organized, but it sets itself to a long from time to time. There are many range task, and builds its program missionary jobs in a local church upon foundations not subject to viowhich may not be life callings, but lent disturbance. It emphasizes the which will help both the worker and importance of the fact that the study the work; (4) we need to give more method is as serious in acquiring misdefinite training for these temporary sionary information as it is in acquirand permanent lines of Christian and ing secular information. It applies missionary service; (5) we must the principles of education to the misgreatly strengthen our placement sionary enterprise. The hortatory work, not merely exhorting people to appeal and the inspirational address, do something, but introducing them so necessary on occasion, cannot conto their jobs; (6) we need to follow tinuously be offered as a substitute up and supervise our workers, giving for a re~l acquaintance with missionthem encouragement and support; ary facts and literature. Nothing is (7) if missionary vocational guidance more urgent in the life of our Chriswere made a main aim of the Church, tian communions at the present mowe should need some new educational ment than a quickened sense of th~ machinery; (8) all this will impress importance of missionary intelligence us anew with the need for a recon- if we are to secure and hold the attenstructed world. tion and support of our larger constit- PROMOTING MISSIONS uencies for a program of world ad- vance in Christian missions. By WILLIAM A. HILI" NEW YORK The first type of missionary promo- Secretary of the Board of Education, tion is calculated to deal largely with Northern Baptist Convention. the present generation, and its meth- Broadly speaking, we recognize at ods are suited to that purpose. The least two types of missionary promo- other type of promotion is built for tion. One is highly organized, timed long range results, and must take into to the achievement of a great :financial account the oncoming generations and objective. It utilizes the more spec- the painstaking cultivation among tacular features of missionary work, our children and youth of a sympa- is under the constant temptation to thetic and natural and normal atti- make use of high pressure methods, tude toward missions as inherent to indulge in inordinate publicity, within the New Testament and neces- and to emphasize certain facts out of sary to the life of the world.

proportion to their relative impor- It is most unfortunate that there tance, for the sake of somehow reach- are so many persons who have to be ing the objective in view. This type converted twice; once to make them of missionary promotion, however im- Christian, and once to make them mis- portant or successful it may be, is sionary. We must somehow build our after all in the nature of an expedient, missionary education plan so that and one of the dangers attending this when a person is converted to Christ form is the need for readjustment it will not be necessary later on to use without loss of power when the ob- high spiritual explosives to awaken in jective has been reached. While it is him an interest "in missions. This difficult to draw the line between mis- means that our missionary promotion

must reach into the Sunday-school education is concerned, are the boys and young people's areas, and if it and young men. According to the does it must be, first of all, educa- writer's knowledge, there is little betional. ing done for them in missionary edu- cation. What is the quality and extent of missionary education in the Sunday- In a recent conference on missionschool T Unless all signs fail, here is ary education the writer asked for a one of the greatest weaknesses in the definition of a missionary church, and missionary education within the local the answers were as follows: church. It seems to be true that missionary instruction has been regarded The Missionary Church Should Have as secondary rather than primary in the Sunday-school scheme of educa- 1. .A program of missionary education. tion. The following is true in almost 2. A missionary committee or department. every Sunday-school. Missionary in- 3. An interest in the entire Kingdom. struction is in inverse ratio to the 4. A missionary pastor. regular lesson leaf instruction, and is 5. The habit of praying for missionaries. so conducted as to produce a dimin- 6. The visits of missionaries. ishing impression as the child grows 7. A missionary budget. into the adult. Beginning in kinder- B. Missionary education in tbe Sundaygarten and primary, we have a maximum attention in time and materials; school. as we pass through other grades, we 9. Missionary education in the Young Peo· have decreasing attention paid to the subject. In many senior and adult pie's Society. departments it is entirely overlooked 10. Missionary education for boys and girls. or ignored or forgotten. 11. Study classes for all church departments. 12. Missionary reading courses for all The fact that sufficient missionary education was not given through the grades. medium of Sunday-school instruction 13. A missionary library. has led to the organization of other 14. A missionary magazine table. societies within the Church to supply 15. Missionary programs. proper missionary education. The 16. A "missions" magazine club. growth of these organizations, which 17. Missionary dramatic presentations. foster intensive mission study and lB. Stereopticon missionary lectures. reading courses, has ,justified their 19_ A missionary room_ existence and they are now furnish- 20. Delegates at summer conferences or ing missionaries and denominational leaders. assemblies. 21. Life service meetings. How shall be built into our Sundayschools the missionary program com- Whatever the program is, and howmensurate with the needs of the hour T ever it may be made to function, it Pastors, Sunday-school superintend- seems clear that we should initiate a ents and assistants must recognize its new· campaign for the reading and primacy. Teachers' meetings should study of our splendid literature. We consider it as a vital and necessary have turned over to the magazine and Sunday-school objective. The Com- the short story writer the responsimittee on Religious Education should bility for directing the reading of our aim to curriculate the subject in a boys and girls, and they are dischargmore vital and concrete way. ing this obligation well. Unless we are alert the life stories and their The most neglected persons within heroic appeal will cease to appear in the local church so far as missionary our juvenile libraries.

Our hope for the future: "Give to our boys and girls a friendly ac- quaintance with the peoples of the world whom they will recognize as God's great family, and it will prove in later years a foundation for the great superstructure of world peace and Christian missions."

fROM MANY

NORTH AMERICA Solving the Race Problem Developing Lay Activities THERE are many factors pointing to better relationship between the A department of "Lay Activities" whites and blacks of the South has recently been inaugurated in in the future. North Carolina's new the Methodist Episcopal Church. anti-lynching bill is entitled "An with Mr. L. F. Bowen as Director, and Act to Promote the Due Administrawith headquarters at 740 Rush Street, tion of Justice and to Lessen the Chicago, Ill. This new form of serv- Crime of Lynching." It permits the ice has been planned to make up for judge holding the court in which an the decline in lay preaching and indictment is found to transfer trial "class meetings," and to supply of the case to another court without voluntary service in various branches preliminary appearance of the deof Christian work. Members of fendant before him. Thus an ac- District Associations will pay dues cused Negro may not only be sent to of one dollar a year or more. a distant county for safe-keeping, but Need of the Magyars may remain there for unprejudiced T HERE are at present fully trial without even a temporary re- 100,000 Hungarian Calvinists in turn to the neighborhood of the the United States, who have alleged crime. splendid Protestant traditions. Scarcely half the number have been A colored matron has been ap- reached by Protestant churches pointed at the Recorder's Court in chiefly because many of the newcom: Atlanta, Ga., and the condition of ers go at once to work in mines and colored prisoners has thereby been steel mills, making them very diffi- improved. Two colored public health nurses have also been added to the . cult of access. The Magyars are, present force. however, eager for the Gospel and will travel miles to attend church on In Florida, the state university has Christian holidays. epened its correspondence courses to Negroes and a number of free en- The executive committee of the rolments are open. Presbyterian Conference on Magyar Missionary Voiee.

(Hungarian) church work in this A country has issued a request that Foreign Language Literature American Presbyterian churches do BUREAU of Information, oper- all they can to conserve the allegiance ating as a clearing house for all of Protestant Magyar immigrants, foreign language literature for use in and make them feel that they are the Christianization of foreigners in welcome in American Protestant America, has been established by a churches. The Presbyterian Church joint committee representing the m~iI?-tajns in whole or in part, thirty Home Missions Council, the Council mInIsters for Hungarian churches, of Women for Home Missions and the but a new form of work is needed- Sunday School Council of Evangelical an itinerant ministry to work among Denominations, three members from miners and smaller groups where it each. It is responsible for gathering is not possible to organize a church. the best available statistics of the work 885

done by the various denominations ing consecrated as Bishop Suffragan represented iIi the cooperating bodies of Liberia, the Rev. Theophilus Mom- and in keeping it up-to-date. The ef- DIu Gardiner, who within this fiftyficiency of its ~ervice, so far as statis- four years was born a member of the tics are concerned, depends upon the Vey tribe of native East Africans, accuracy, completeness and availabil- spent his early boyhood in the jungle, ity of material from the various de- but through the agencies of Protestant nominational Boards. Episcopal missionaries was rescued from savagery and has now risen to The files will include (1) Copies of the highest dignitieE! of the Church. all foreign-language literature (tracts and religious books) which could be The "Little Honse" of Denver secured, intended for the use of non- English-speaking neighbors, classified A DENVER City mission said to be according to language and, so far as the largest and best equipped in possible, evaluated by some reliable the United States, though it is called person for each group. (2) A card "The Little House," has fed and file of the foreign-language press in housed practically 100,000 persons in United States and Canada, both reli- its seventeen years history. Its congious and secular, with information verts last year numbered over 1,000. regarding each periodical. (3) Reli- Cleanliness and cheeriness are the imgious educational material in foreign pressions created by the general languages. (4) A copy of all hym- scheme of arrangement. On one side nals and song books in foreign lan- oj' the entry is a fountain of pure guages. water; above it on the wall is the in- scription: "Our Drink: If Any Man Anyone seeking the latest material Thirst, Let Him Come Unto Me and regarding the history of any group, Drink." And on the opposite wall: its customs, educational status, reli- "Our Food: I Am the Bread of gion, etc., may apply to this bureau, Life. " Over the archway separating 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City, the entry from the audience room is Miss Amy Blanche Greene, Executive printed the startling question: " Are Secretary. You Half the Man Your Mother Hoped You'd Be?" The Mission fur- Home Missions-Then and Now nishes food and quarters and care for the aged poor, the stranded tubercular WHEN Bishop Tuttle fir:;t entered traveler, the homeless of any sort. It Denver, Colorado, June 11, 1867, maintains an employment bureau, a it was on the" deck" of a stage coach, girls' rescue department, holds mothwith a rifle resting across his knee as ers' classes, and is organizing a Negro protection against the hostile Arap- mission branch. Its present superinahoe Indians. When, June 10, 1921, tendent is Jim Goodheart, a convert fifty-four years later, he entered Den- of the Mission. The Continent. ver, it was in a Pullman coach, and Rev. Sherman Collidge, a full-blooded Conference on Mormonism Arapahoe minister, was there as the spokesman of civilization to welcome A THREE day conference of minthe visiting prelate. isters and missionaries at work in Utah met at Salt Lake City the The contrast was striking enough in latter part of August to discuss the itself as representing the triumphs of half century of Christian effort the Domestic and Foreign Missionary among the Mormons. It was brought Society of the Episcopal Church, out in the conference that while the whose Centennial Anniversary is to Mormon population has increased less be observed this year, but within the than threefold since 1870, the nonsame month that this contrasting picture was being drawn in Denver, in cosmopolitan New York there was be-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Mormon population is thirty times the first Methodist school for Mexi- what it was, in that year. The mis- cans to be opened in this region, and sion schools established in those it is expected to meet a real demand. pioneer days paved the way for the Ten acres of land and $25,000 were public school system, and while many given for the school by George Kelly. of them have ceased to exist, others have developed into important educa- Canadia;n School of Missions tional centers and attract even more pupils from Mormon homes than A s WE have already announced in from other homes. It was generally our" Missionary Personals," Dr. conceded that the Mormon Church as J. Lovell Murray, for some years a dominant factor had lost control educational secretary of the Student over a large number of its members, Volunteer Movement, has recently who in many cases have little respect gone to Toronto to become director of for the leaders. the Canadian School of Missions. This is a union enterprise, in which the The influence of the late war on general Foreign Mission Boards and the Mormon Church is an interesting Women's Boards of Missions, the study. The church leaders have not theological seminaries of the Presby- changed their aims, and still hold terian, Congregational, Methodist, that their church "is the only legal Baptist and Church of England degovernment in the universe." The nominations in Canada unite. There young men who have returned from are those fifteen units in the Council the front are loyal to the government which governs the institution. The as a legal authority. plan is to unite in the preparation of the missionary candidates. The The feeling that it is good policy teaching staff will be composed of to keep silent on Mormon evils was professors from the five theological not endorsed, and the importance of seminaries, missionaries on furlough, telling the people tIie things about pastors and Bible teachers. Corre- Mormonism which their leaders do sponde'nce courses will also be offered not tell was stressed as a prime factor for those who cannot personally atin all missionary effort among them. tend the school. The president is Principal Alfred Gandier, chairman ,seminary for Negroes of the Presbyterian Board of For- eign Missions. The work of this T HE Southern Baptist Convention school will be described more fully in has been for a number of years a later number. working out a problem for the colored Baptists. This effort had its begin- LATIN AMERICA ning in Texas, where Bible Institutes were held for Negro preachers and Mexican Village Transformed Christian workers, and this led to the question of a seminary for colored ABOUT fifteen years ago a young men. A commission was formed to Mexican from the Pueblo Boys' investigate and report, in collabora- School who was studying for the mintion with a like commission from the istry was asked to visit Papalotla, a Northern Baptist Convention. As a town of some 3,000 people, and to result, a site was secured at Nash- tell what he knew of the Protestants. ville, Tenn., and it is hoped that by Regular services followed in the home the time the Southern Convention of the man who invited him, and bemeets next May, the first building fore a year had elapsed the group of may be completed. alert young men who attended were anxious to organize a church. Texas School for Mexican Girls By 1915 the little church was well T HE Odell Kelly School for Mexi- established, and its influence has can girls, located at Pharr, Tex., spread to a dozen surrounding vilwas opened in September. This is

lages. Day schools are held in five were banished, but as yet no subof these villages. stitute has replaced them and the peo- ple are beginning to realize their need At first there was opposition from of a religion. Education has made the Roman Catholics, but the workers' very little progress. There is a lives have been so irreproachable and compulsory education law but it is not so helpful to the people that all oppo- enforced since legislation is never sition has ceased. The spirit of Prot- very far in advance of public opinion. estantism is well established. In Lisbon, with its 800,000 people, Sunday School Methods in Nicaragua there are only about 300 Portuguese Protestants, but the circulation of MODERN Sunday-school methods Scriptures has mUltiplied three-fold are in use in Central America. in three years. The Y. M. C. A. In Managua, Nicaragua, there are publishes a paper called Triangulo Vermelho (Red Triangle) and the maintained a teacher-training .class Tract Society puts out a children's paper, the only one published in and a teachers' meeting; the first for Portugal.

general training in Bible knowledge, Destitution in Poland Sunday-school management, and the A CCORDING to a report just re- ceived from Rev. K. W. Strzelec, art of teaching; the second, for imme- who is supervising the relief program of the American Baptist Foreign diate preparation for the coming les- Mission Society in Poland, there are more than 200 places in a small strip son, and for the betterment of the of territory in eastern Galacia where the gospel is being preached in private school. Both of these classes are well houses by about fifty lay preachers. Mr. Strzelec visited this section reattended. It is a cause for rejoicing cently and was appalled by the desti- tute condition of the people. The that the Sunday-school at Managua preachers are barefoot, one of them is totally blind, the people are nearly has doubled its attendance within the naked or at best clothed in rags, and hundreds of them are living in caves. last year. A very substantial ad- The condition of the children, under these circumstances, is most pitiable. vance also has been made at Leon. Relief for Rnssia Another interesting feature of the T HE famine in Russia, which is work in Nicaragua is the recent de- largely in the famine district, embraces ten governments, 600,000 velopment of rural work which in square miles, 13,000,000 peasants and 2,000,000 townspeople. People and other Latin American missions has cattle must have a million tons of food and fodder, and 250,000 tons of seed been so successful. Missions. are needed for winter and spring sowing, if a similar disaster next year EUROPE is to be averted. Hundreds of thou- sands of Russian refugees suffering Religious Interest Grows in France from the effects of famine and disease have been pouring into the Pinsk and SINCE the war, the number of Brest-Litovsk districts of White Rus- students in the Catholic semina- sia, near the Polish frontier. Typhus, ries of France has increased until the great Paris Seminary has now the largest enrolment in its history. The various Protestant seminaries have likewise the largest enrolment in years. This indicates a :revival of religious interest among French people. Protestant forces in France are increased by about 300,000 since the return of Alsace-Lorraine.

Changing Portugal T WO representatives of the British Religious Tract Society, who recently visited Portugal, report many opportunities for evangelical Christian work. After the revolution in 1910 a strong anti-religious feeling set in. Jesuits and religious orders

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

cholera and other plagues will follow into the family. They are therefore unless great care is exercised. destroyed at birth. The first appear- There will be no "drive" in the ance of twins in a Christian home at United States for relief of 'these con- Rusitu, Gazaland, was in January, ditions. All aid given will be for- this year when twin boys were born to warded direct through the American one of the native evangelists. The Relief Administration, headed by heathen relatives were utterly dis- Herbert Hoover. The Allied Supreme mayed, and fled as rapidly as possible, Council is heartily cooperating with but the mother of the thriving babies the United States in this humanitarian said: "May the Lord spare them to work. prove how foolish this superstition AFRICA is. " But a test was in store. The fa- ther developed an abscess in his ear, Islam in Nigeria and weeks of suffering followed, with DOCTOR MILLER of the C. M. S. danger of a fatal outcome. The mis- Mission in West Africa sees a sionaries believed that "their extremmighty wave of materialism swamping ity must be God's opportunity" and all the social, moral and religious land- continued to pray and render such marks of the country. Robbery and a medical aid as they could. Finally, loss of honor are dangerously on the the crisis passed, and the father was increase. The Government of Nigeria, restored to health. by its refusal to allow the purifying Evangelical Christian.

influences of Christian thought to Basel Indnstrial Mission come in with the inrush of material prosperity and its accompanying T HE corporation, formed to take temptations, has precipitated the over the work of the Basel Indusvery thing it tried to avoid. At the trial Mission so that its profits might present time a Christian missionary continue to be devoted to missionary is not allowed to open a school or purposes, has held its first annual preach the Gospel in the principal meeting. The transfer of assets in towns of northern Nigeria. English India has not been fully completed, has not been taught in the government so that the first report deals only with the enterprise on the Gold Coast, schools. C. M. S. Review. where the chief operations are carried on. The African trading business in- Catholic Activity in Congo cludes the purchase of native produce in cocoa and palm oil and kernels, and I N some parts of Central Africa the sale of Manchester and Sheffield the adversary of Christianity is not goods and provisions. The first year's so much paganism, nor Mohammedan- work in Africa was not normal, owing ism as it is Roman Catholicism. The to depression in trade and the need priests far .outnumber evangelical for thorough reorganization, but the missionaries and are very adroit in outlook is most encouraging, and the getting in their work first. When development of the enterprise will be a Methodist mission was opened at watched with interest. Wembo Nyama, the natives were solemnly warned that all who went near it would be struck dead. They MOSLEM LANDS tell the people that they are their true friends and that the others will be- MohaD1medan Converts Association witch them. A UNION of converts from Islam has been formed in Egypt. These A Striking Answer to Prayer. converts understand as no one else T HERE is a superstition in Gaza: the difficulties of their position, and land that if twin children are al- desire to help and stand by one an- lowed to live they will bring death other,-te "reprove and exhort"

each other and to make sure that only Moslem Student Perplexities those who are truly worthy of Christ are recognized as belonging to them. T HE following questions were asked by a group of students, chiefly In the constitution of the associa- Moslems, at a Y. M. C. A. meeting in tion one article requires converts in Constantinople: Cairo to gather together at least one day a month for the deepening of "How do you distinguish between the the spiritual life. An annual threeday conference is also held. Another heavenly and non·heavenly religions, also article savs the association will welcome int~ membership all converts among the philosophical roads ~ from Judaism. One sees great possibilities for good in this new brother- What kind of effects has religion npon hood. social hnman welfare, also npon conserva· Mi….ions by Aeropla.ne tion of morality' DOCTOR ZWEMER, of Cairo, writing in the United Prebyterian, Where is the basis of high morality ~ makes a plea for aeroplane service for missions. The British Government What philosophy do you find in the com· has now established one of the largest aerodromes in the world at Abukir, ing of prophets to the world f and the Egyptian papers of July, 1921, described a flight from Cairo When good persons do not get im· to Bagdad in twelve hours. By steamship from Suez to Bombay, and mediate satisfaction in this world, what trans-shipping there for Basra the journey occupies three weeks, or satisfaction will they have in the Here· forty-two times as long. afterV Among the unfulfilled prophecies for world evangelism is the vision that What does Christianity believe as to rec· John saw on Patmos of an angel "flying in mid heaven with an eternal ompense for good deeds' gospel for the inhabitants of the earth, for every nation and tribe and tongue The whole humanity believe in the sacredand people. ness of the prophets, whereas some holy "With an airplane the missions of the Near East could be so closely re- boQks speak against a part of the prophets. lated in case of any emergency that united action would be possible and As this is a thing which cannot be put side the carrying of important dispatches, relief, funds for isolated workers, by side with the merits of prophets, it would be an everyday possibility. seems that all these sayings are not true. ".An aviator with an Egyptian assistant as mechanic evangelist or dis" In that case do snch books not lose their penser could, with headquarters at Heliopolis, make scheduled visits to sacredness f new centers, carrying important mission dispatches or medical comforts, According to the justice of God a man take patients to hospitals, survey and photograph districts. Best of all, he must not be responsible for the sins which could distribute a large quantity of literature-in short, could do in peace another man commits; therefore, how would time for the Kingdom of God what brave aviators did during the war." you explain the fact that all the men were held responsible for the sin which Adam had committed T Some religions divide men into two parts, spiritual and physical; how may this be allowed from the human eqnality point of view'

Real Christianity orders men to treat one another with hnmility, kindness and soft· ness. Why then are there but few Chris· tians who do so? Moslem World.

INDIA Apathy and Christian Progress T HE Hindu Missionary, founded by the late G. B. Vaidya, issues stirring appeals against Hindu apathy in the face of the steady progress of Christianity. Not long ago The Hindu Missionary had this to say: The Hindus are every day being drained by millions and it is literally snicidal to allow this state of affairs to continue. The apathy shown by the Hindus towards their religion is simply shocking. Among them there is regeneration in politics. Even a Hindu boy of fourteen can talk of that subject; but in Hindu religion there is degeneration. The son of a shoemaker in England, for instance, can be a Prime Min· ister or can rise to any other high post. But is that the case in the Hindu religion ~ Can a sari of a Hindn shoemaker ever

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

expect to be a minister ~ If he tries to do and marriage is becoming an increasthat he will be branded by the highest ingly unhappy relation to many. castes as a man committing the greatest Women are oppressed and children possible sin. neglected. On all sides one sees misery and discontent. As a result Trouble in South India of such conditions, and the spread of Bolshevism in other lands, radical RIOTS are reported in the Malibar thinking has grown alarmingly among region of South India, on the Chinese students. Christianity is western coast. The disturbance was being studied searchingly by those started by the Moplahs, Moham- critical of all religion, and even among medans of Arabic descent, and arose Christian students there is an apfrom their intense hatred for Euro- parent questioning of faith. peans and Hindus. British troops were called out, and reports say that Helping Chinese in Peking 700 of the insurgents were shot by the troops, while many Hindus were T HE Mis~ionary Herald contains slain by the Moplahs, a number of an account of some of the social Europeans killed and about 100 of service activities carried on under the troops were killed or missing. missionary auspices in Peking. Close observers say that the widespread Indian Nationalist propaganda Permission was obtained from the was equally responsible with the re- government to put up a few small ligious fanaticism. buildings at the side of several streets as a shelter for jinrickisha coolies, Early in October a cable message waiting for their next job. Their from Calicut, South India, reported work requires hard running, and a serious uprising in Malattur of often they contract pneumonia from Moslems against Hindus. The rebels being obliged to stand in the cold beoffer Hindus the alternative of death tween jobs, while in a dripping peror Islam. If the Indians hesitate to spiration. A committee sees that choose, they are ordered to dig their these buildings are warmed, and hot own graves. If they refuse to em- water is provided. Additional sheltbrace Islam they then are shot and ers of this kind are being erected. dropped into their graves. Crops belonging to the Hindus have been There are two homes for old Chinese confiscated. women, too feeble to support them- selves, and most of them over eighty. CHINA They are bathed, warmed, fed and clothed as never before in their lives. Growing Radicalisnt A home for old men is also main- tained. In other centers, women are A RECENT issue of the Chinese trained to be seamstresses, and the Recorder has a paper on "Modern work done is sold. Radical Thought Among Chinese Students," in which the condition of JAPAN-CHOSEN China is described as follows: How Japan Regards United States Governmentally, China is still disunited, with control in the grip of DR. JAMES L. BARTON who has the strong fists. Individual respon- just visited Japan for the fourth sibility is unknown; bribery and time, reports a widely prevalent but squeeze are bold. Economically, groundless fear on the part of the everywhere poor people die of unem- Japanese that America is planning to ployment, cold and hunger. With attack them in the near future. He the increasing cost of living, the also says that the Japanese have no masses have not enough to buy salt, idea of attacking the United States. that necessity of life. Ignorance He believes that Japan would meet prevails; the laboring classes are ex- the United States more than half way ploited. Socially, the ancient con- in measures leading to the mainception of the family is disintegrating, tenance of friendly relations.

Shinto Sect in Disfavor times as great as for the original plant. T HE Shinto sect, Omotokyo, which has had such a phenomenal growth, Chosen Statistics is under strict surveillance by Japanese authorities. A great amount of Area, 86,000 square miles. their literature has been confiscated, Population, 17,000,000. and the leaders have been ordered to Occupations: The majority are indusreconstruct the tomb of the foundress trious farmers. of the sect, an ignorant woman, as it Religions; Confucianism; Buddhism; was said to imitate too closely the Animism; Christianity. tomb of the late Emperor. The first Protestant missionary arrived in 1884. Two of the leaders have been ar- The first convert was baptized in 1886. rested for violation of the Press Law, Baptized Protestant Christians now one of whom first confessed that he number 200,000. The Missionary Voice. himself wrote the famoris "0 Fude Saki" (i. e. the Bible of Omotokyo, Persecution and Progress in Korea supposed to have been written by the I N spite of the fact that Christianity foundress when in trances) and that has made Buch progress in Korea, he deceived both himself and others, to become a Christian involves, in wishing to make money. Later he many places, personal abuse and loss said that all these confessions were of position. Rev. George H. Winn the work of an evil spirit. ' He de- writes that on a recent tour in Kyung scribes a great struggle in his room Sang Province he found many who between an evil spirit and his were suffering severe persecution beguardian angel or god, during which cause of their faith in Christ. A the former seized him (Wanesaburo) wife was abused and beaten by her by the throat, which swelled up at husband for attending church, but once. After a time this same spirit, the authorities would not interfere very angry but defeated by the god- lest "family discipline" be underspirit, had to get out of the room; mined. A teacher in a government and his form was visible as he went school who became a Christian was off-that of a man with a serpent's dismissed because all the pupils were tail. Wanesaburo confesses, with in danger of becoming Christians. apparent honesty, that he has burnt the greater part of the famous "0 Nevertheless, Christianity is spread- Fude Saki" himself, as he had come ing, and in more than one village to look upon it as harmful "bacteria." the missionary was told that many of the people were ready to confess C. M. S. Review. Christ if they could only receive a little more instruction. Rebuilding North Japan College The Present Situation T HE North .Japan College, which was practically destroyed by fire THE president of the Union Chrisin March, 1919, is now being rebuilt tian College at Seoul, Dr. O. R. on the former site. Work on the Avison, writes from Seoul under date dormitory was begun in April. It of July 19: will accommodate about seventy-five students and will cost about $16',500. While the Koreans have not given up the The main building is going up on idea of independence they do not look for the old foundations, and a large it so soon as they did a year or two ago, quantity of salvaged brick is helping and they are beginning to realize that the to reduce the expense. The new build- provisional government can do little more ings will be practically fireproof, al- than propaganda work. They are consethough the total will be over three quently trying to work out their salvation by turning their attention to education, to participating in the rather limited measure of local self-government granted to them, and also to making representations to such a Commission as the Educational Investi- gating Commission concerning desired re- forms in the existing educational law. The

I921] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

·chief obstacle to fuller cooperation is the OBITUARY NOTES distrust of the intentions of the Japanese felt by many influential people. Bishop Lambuth of Japan A more cordial feeling is shown by the B ISHOP WALTER B. LAM- ·Japanese Government officials as a whole BUTH, the well known and be- towards the missionary body. The Gov- loved leader of the Methodist Epis- -ernor-General, Baron Saito, has invited mis- eopal Chureh, South, died in a hos- sionaries to his home several times. The pital in Yokohama September 27. :Seoul Press announced that the policy of The Bishop was born in Shanghai, weeding out undesirable elements in the November 10, 1854, was educated in police force is heing carried out, and the the United States, and in 1881 was chiefs of police in Taiku, Syenchun and appointed superintendent of the Wonsan at least have been changed. The China Mission of his church. Later, government is also to be congratulated upon he opened the Methodist Hospital in its appointment of a Christian, Mr. Hirai, Peking and organized a medical de- as head of the department of Education partment in the Methodist University. and Religion for the province of Pyengyang, In 1886 Dr. Lambuth was appointed a large centre of Christianity. Mr. Hirai to the Japan Mission of his church. represented the Governor of the Province Later he was secretary in the home before the annual meeting of the Northern office of his missionary society. When Presbyterian Mission and stated that the he was elected bishop he was given provincial government welcomed at. all times jurisdiction over work in China, the advice of the missionary body and aimed Korea and Japan. He was the auto cooperate with it. He also said that he thor of several valuable books. was aiming. to put a New Testament in the pocket of every policeman in the R. W. Thompson of Bulgaria province, in order that the police might stndy Christianity and know what it is. REV. ROBERT W. THOMPSON, missionary of the American Chosen, in general, seems to be get- Board since 1881, died in Samokov, ting back to normal. It is hoped Bulgaria, July 18. Mr. Thompson that the government will continue its was born in Constantinople in 1851, good work in putting a stop to torture was edueated in the University of and other abuses in the police system, Edinburgh and Union Seminary, in giving the munieipal couneils more New York. During his forty years of power and the r,ight to meet as fre- missionary serviee he was located at quently as similar bodies do in Japan; three stations, Philippopolis, Conin giving employment to as many stantinople and Samokov. The crown- Koreans as possible in the various ing work of Mr. Thompson's life was government services. the revision of the entire Bulgarian Bible, every word having been com- ISLAND OF THE SEA pleted before his life service closed.

Fire in Virgin Islands James Oochran of Ohina A DISASTROUS fire at Herrnhut, REV. JAMES B. COCHRAN, an Virgin Islands, on August 8, de- honored missionary of the Presbystroyed the greater part of the large terian Chureh in China for fifteen Widows' House including Prayer years, died August 31 in Plainfield, Hall, in which the General Synods of N. J., aged 46 years. Mr. Cochran the Moravian Mission have been held was a graduate of Princeton Universince 1789. Five families and about sity, and of Union Seminary, New thirty widows who resided in the York. In September of 1920 he was Home have thus been made homeless, obliged to retire from active missionthough most of their belongings were ary work because of failing health. saved. There was no loss of life.

The members of the Herrnhut Church were making plans for a worthy celebration of their 200th anniversary in 1922, and are in deep sorrow over their staggering loss.

Thirteen Upanishads, translated mass of unorganized material con-

from the Sanskrit, with an ontline of tained in the Upanishads is here pre- the philosophy of the Upanishads by sented. After setting forth the place of the Upanishads in Hindu philoso- Robert Ernest Hume, M.A., Ph.D., pro- fessor of the History of Religions in Union Theological Seminary, New York, phy as "Compilations from different 8 va., Oxford University Press. sources recording the 'guesses at The missionary, not to say the truth' of the early Indians," the Christian scholar in every English- main teaching is discussed under the reading community is indebted to the following general heads: author of this illuminating volume. 1. Firat attempts at the conception of a It is not only a revelation of profound unitary world-ground Brahma-The philosophical discussions and teach- One. ings of the sages of ancient Brahmanical thought in India, but also a 2. The developments of the Conception of most valuable contribution t()ward the Brahma. need of the Christian Church in its immanent conflict with pantheism. 3. The development of the Conception of the Atman, and its union with Brahma.

4. The realistic conception of the ultimate unity and the doctrine of illusion.

To the missionaries in India and the 5. Idealism and the conception of pure Far East this book will be most wel- unity.

come. The author well says: "No 6. The outcome on religion and on the one can thoroughly understand the doctrine of Karma.

workings and conclusions of the mind The natural outcome of this bald of an educated Hindu of today who pantheism was the destruction of does not know something of the foun- piety. As a villager in India may be tain from which his ancestors for cen- heard to say: "What one does or may turies past have drunk, and from cause to be done is done by Him which he too has been deriving his in- (God). Nothing is done by the hand tellectual life. The imagery under of man." Why pray 1 Why offer which his philosophy is conceived, the sacrifice T One can understand the phraseology in which it is couched, havoc wrought by this dreadful phil- and the analogies by which it is sup- osophy_ We see something of it in ported are largely the same in the dis- these days even in America, but such cussions of today as are found in the influences have always failed to reach Upanishads and in Saukara's com- the mass of the people. They know mentaries on them and on the Sutras. little about the philosophical teach- Furthermore, although some elements ings, hold fast to the popular idolatry are evidently of local interest and of and sacrificial rites with their hopes past value, it is evident that the pan- and fears_ The Upanishads bear tes- theism of the Upanishhads has exert- timony to the doctrine of Karma and ed and will continue to exert an influ- reincarnations. This doctrine of ence on the pantheism of the West, Karma led many to seek for salvation for it contains certain elements which (i. e., freedom from birth and death penetrate deeply into the truths which and reincarnation) by good deeds, re- every philosopher must reach in a ligious rites and sacrifices whereby thoroughly grounded explanation of they might at least for a while enjoy experience. " the bliss of heaven, or even of absorp- The salient ideas culled from the tion into the being of Brahma. The 894 thought of an eternal life of sinle~s joy with God as a Heavenly Father IS What Did Diana Worship Mean? absent from these Hindu scriptures. Was there anything good in it? What Even the hope of the Prasna Upanis- was its greatest menace to mankind? What do we know about the theater at mhaad~ 1b.y10~u"sttheraittyt,hecyhawshtiotys,eefkaitthhe At- Ephesus? and Speaking with Tongues, Then and Now knowledge …. they do not return,"

only means that they have finally es- What was the meaning of the "gift of caped from the thralldom ?f trans- tongues" in New Testament times? What migration by being absorbed mto ~od. is the meaning of present-day phenomena This is the Nirvana of Buddlnsm. of this smt? What New Testament tests should be applied to every such case?

Thus we see the outcome of this Pan- Why Paul Wrote Those Prison Letters theistic teach;ng !n the re!igio~ls life. Man's chief end IS to glOrify hImself, Can you tell your Sunday-school class what letters the Great Apostle wrote from to save himsel,J;. his prison in Rome. and what their themes Our autho~ concludes his discourse were, and why'

on the philosophy of th~ Upanisha~s Spiritism in Paul's Day and To-day by urging all scholars mt~rested m Paul had to face "them that practice India's future to make a seriOUS study magical arts," as Christians have to-day. of the Upanishads. "There will be Are you clear on the real inwardness of found by thjJ sympathetic .re~der Spiritism, old and new? throughout these thirteen prmcipal If You Had Been Traveling with Paul Upanishads the records of that eager What clothing would you have worn, what quest which India has been pursuing food would you have had, what conveythrough the centuries, which is tersely ances on land and sea, and what sort of experiences would you have run into?

expressed in the Brihad-Aranyaka Rome's Treatment of State Offenders Upanishad in i,ts first division (at 1, 3,28) : Those who were not Roman citizens, and who were under accusation before the "From the unreal lead me to the real, Roman empire, might expect-what' From the darkness lead me to the light, And what could those expect who, like From death lead me to immortality." Paul, were Roman citizens?

Was Paul Mistaken in GoingtoJerusalem?

Natives of the Northern Territories of It may surprise you to find that some of the Gold Coast. By A. W. Canlinall. the best Bible students believe that Paul's 158 pp. $6.00. E. P. Dutton and Co., last Jerusalem journey was contrary to God's will. The Scripture will be sought New York. out and brought together to answer this The author, in his preface, refers to question. the saying, "The savage does not un- Some of the greatest living scholars and Bible students are discussing these unusual topics dur. ing the Fourth Quarter of this year in derstand the thoughts of civilized man, and few civilized men under- stand the thoughts of the savage." Think what it will mean for your class to have Notwithstanding the fact that Mr. these articles in preparation for your teaching. Yet CardinalI disclaims being one of the these are only a few of the many strong articles apfew to understand the thoughts of the savage, his book reveals, not only a pearing in this journal this Quarter, and are in addiclose observation of the tribal customs, but also a very clear penetration tion to the thirteen brilliant every-week lesson helps to the inner thOughts of the African mind. .He gives a clear account on the International Improved uniform Lessons. of the traditional history and customs The simplest way to gain all this richness of the Gold Coast peoples, but the book is to use at once the ·'Get-Acquainted" is even more valuable in the descrip- ~~~eby t:hik~o~an~~~ousS~~rla~ave ~~ tion of the way' in which these customs are interwoven with all the School Times. This coupon 01. 17 thoughts and activities of the people, your conven- ee"'P'*' not as mere cruelties or deviltry, but !S for /'~ ~ THE having their source in religion, reverence, devotion and·worship. lence.

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, , EVERYLAND" TO BE RESUMED A Text-BooR Which Reads lf7ith the Ease of a Novel Before Christmas, the publication of " EveryZand," the young people's mission- Unfinished ary magazine, is to be resumed under the Business auspices of the Central Committee for the United Study of Foreign 'Missions. It will By Fred Eastman make good all unfilled subscriptions to children. Mrs. H. W. Peabody is to be the edi- Director of EdUcational Work tor and Miss Lucille Gulliver, associate edi- of the tor; Mrs. E. C. Cronk, Miss Margaret Applegarth, and Mrs. Hosmer Billings are to Board of Home Missions be department editors. It will resume its initial character as an interdenominational of the Presbyterian Church in the uO' SO' A. junior missionary magazine covering both home aud foreign missions. Jointly prepared and heartily recommended for mission study during 1921-1922 by Take advantage of our combination offer with the REVIEW at the special price d $3.00 The Board of Home Missions a year for both. It will be an ideal Christ· The Woman's Board of Home Missions mas gift for children. The Board of Publication and Sabbath School Work The Board of Missions for Freedmen To SUBSCRIBERS-IMPORTANT! T HE book is vital and inte~esting and signalizes a new era, may we On account of the high cost of manufacture hope, in the treatment of books and the Postal laws relating to mailing of for missionary education. It is readasecond class matter, it is found necessary ble, compelling and abounding in huto reqnire payment in advance for all sub- man interest; and by its literary beauty scriptions. This means that payment for and intrinsic worth grips the reader your subscription should be sent immediate- from the time he begins reading it ly upon receipt of notice that it is due. You until he is finished. It is refreshing to will not wish to miss any numbers of your find a serious text-book as engaging as magazine and we do not wish to have you. a noveL Mr. Eastman did not neglect A notice is mailed in the last number for his facts, but remembered his readers. which you have paid aud at the same time It is a book of solutions of problems another notice is sent in the form of a bill which have been met by men and for the coming year. Prompt attention will women, who have solved them out of prevent disappointment on your part and on their Christian faith and service. ours. We value your friendly cooperdion in making known the faets as to the needs of ~————————-.– men and the progress of Christianity. If your Mr. Eastman seeks in this little volume to magazine should fail to reach you any month kindly notify us and 1ye will rectify the help Presbyterians to realize what their part is mistake if possible. The REVIEW mailing or ought to be in some of the great tasks of the date iB the last 1yeek of eaeh month. Christian forces in America. He has been obliged of necessity to select a few of these FREE COPIES OF SURVEYS tasks and to present each of them in as sugges~ tive a way as possible. And the reader will We still haye some copies of the very in· surely agree that he has done his work exceed~ forming sets of the Interchurch vVorld Sur- ing well.-Robert E. SpeeT. vey. One volume is devoted to home mission topics and one to foreign lands. They are "Bound in cloth, 75 cents, po.tpaid bound in boards and are illustrated 1yith In paper CO'VeTS, 50 cents, postpaid maps, charts and diagrams-we will Bend to REVIEW snbscribers who cnclose to us 20 cents The Presbyterian Board of Publication for postage. These volumes are of especial yalue to pastors, mission study class leaders (The Westminster Press) and others 1yho' desire facts about condi· tions and mission progress at home and Headquarters: Philadelphia, Witherspoon Bldg. abroad. New York Chicago Cincinnati NashVille St. Louis San Francisco Atlanta (Colored) Pittsburgh Please mention THE MISSIONARY Revn:w of 'tHE VORLD in writing to advettisers. Overseas by Christmas YOUR GIFT To choose just the right "Remembrance" for your mIssIOnary PROBLEM friends on the field or under appointment or in preparation for foreign service is probably one of the most important details con- fronting you just now. Here's the solution: THE HOME WITH THE OPEN DOOR SOLUTIO~ THE' By Mrs. Mary Schauffier Platt-daughter, granddaughter, sister, wife, friend, and teacher of missionaries.

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Sunday School Builders Stories from the Field of Sunday School Missions By JOHN M. SOMERNDIK~ The heoric and self-sacrificing feature of missionary life, always an inspiration to character building, is especially emphasized in all the stories. The people among whom the missionaries labor are characterized. becoming ureal," with the human tendencies for good and evil, thus making each narrative strike a concordant note with the reader. Paper, 152 pages, 75 cents, postpaid The Preabyterian Board of Publication (T"e Westminster Press) Headquarters: Philadelphia, Witherspoon Bldg. New York Chicago CinCinnati Nashville St. L::.uis San FranciscD Atlanta (Colored) Pittsburgh Montgomery Ward &Co. Did You Ever See a MISSIONARY BUREAU BLIND BIBLE?

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THE EXPOSITOR'S BIBLE I p~ach.~al This gvraeluatabwleorhke]Jc!os n~soisrts tho~f psriexaclha~rrg,e, massive ~lvDodluBmiebsle.s~otliuddleynt.packUendlikweiththethoorudsiannadry; 'of the most1 and, teacher, commentary' wIth Its detatls and techmcahty, this vast hbrary of BIble exposltions actually expounds the Word of God The contents are made up of scholarly, suggestive, and intensely interesting expository lectures on all th~ books of the Bible, contributed by the fore~ mOst preachers and theologians of the day- men whose very names are the highest assurance of the far-reaching value of their contributions. The work has won uni- versal praise from the entire religious press and pUlpit.

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Thousands of preachers. tea.chers, and :Bible students who realized the importance and far-reaching practical value of this library were glad to purch2se the higher priced set In 49 small volumes at from two to two and a half times the price of this new and more compact, convenient edition, Features of Indispensable Value to Every Preacher,Teacher,Student I The entire Bible is illustrated and analyzed in the <i'Teachers, students, and teachers cannot alford to most helpful and interestinJ{ way, and its hidden be without .this libraty of schclatly and satisfrifig beautit!$ are. clearly revealed to the inquiring mind. J interjJTetahons of the SCriptures.

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Compiled by Twenty-seven of the World's Most Eminent Biblical Scholats ~H.siiiE;~~ol~:ti.E~rsk~~~~:~,iaJ~dg~s~RR~~h~J~~, ~:DA. ~=:~~~~, 15:D~art'e~~r!~o~~~A~~~~;>·R~R~:.iti).D: Joshua, First and Se~ond Samuel, W. G. BLAIKI~. D.D., LL.D. First and Second Kings, Daniel, DEAN F. W. FARRAR, D.D. First and Second Chronicles, W. H. B~NNl!;'l'T, M.A. Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther, Song of Solomon, Lamentations. W. F. ADENEY M.A. Psalms, Colossians, Philemon, Ar.ltXANlJER MACl,AREN~ D.D. Proverbs, R. F. HOR'l'ON, D.D. Eccles{astes. SAMUEl. Cox, D.D. Isaiah. Twelve Minot:' Prophets, GEORGE ADAM SMITH, D,D., LL.D. Jeremiah, C. J. BALL, M.A. Ezekiel, JOHN SKINNJ;R, M.A. St. Matthew, J. MUNRO GIBSON, D.D. St. Luke, HENRY BURTON, M.A. Acts of the Apostles, G. T. STOKES, D.D.

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The Missionary Review of the World — July 1920

XLIII NUMBER

THE MISSIONARY ~ JULY, 1920 PAUL KANAMORI AND HIS SERMON s. H. W" AINRIGHT.

. FANATICAL MOSLEMS OF CENTRAL ARABIA PAUL HARRISON THE LARGEST LEPER COLONY IN THE WORLD WILLIAM M. DANNER SADHU SUNDAR SINGH DELAVAN L. PIERSON THE MEDICAL MISSIONARY AS A PIONEER w. H. LEHMAN , THE "HEART OF THE MISSIONARY MESSAGE SAMUEL M. ZWEMER ••11 A YEAR 2S CENTS A COpy MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY COOPERSTOWN, NEW YORK 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK

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CONTENTS FOR JULY, 1920 Page FRONTISPIECE~REV. KANAMORI, JAPAN FRONTISP1ECE~REv. PAUl. KANAMORl, 1."'A1< INTERCHURCH WORLD MOV!';MENT–FACTS . ENCOtJR.CEMI·;NT FROM CHINA INTERCHURCH MOVEM~NT–CONCLUSIONS TRAVELERS IN TH£ ORIENT MISSIONS AND POLITICS IN ARMENIA TlII'; KIND o¥ M,SSIONARU;S NI,';DED PAUL KANA!vl0RI AND HIS SERIlON … , .. " ,', …… By S. 11. 'vVAINRlt:H'r ~S7 An impressive story of otle of the famous Kumamoto hand, who, after drift- ing into agnosticism has become a leading evangelist of Japan. He has already preached his three hllur sermon to o,'cr 300,000 Japanese.

FANATICAL MOSLEMS OF CENTRAL ARABIA …… By PAU!, HARRISON 597 A story of a recent visit to the 1chwan, a slrict Alosiem sect of fierce warriors, who count all other Alosiems as infidels.

THE LARGEST LEPER COLONY IN THE WORLD By WI!'LIAM M. DANNI';R 601 The story of a personal visit to the leper colony in (ulion, Philippine Islauds, where sufferers from leprosy are under Ihe care of Americall o/ficia's.

SUNDAY SCHOOL WORK IN THE PHILIPPINES ………. By A. L. RYAN 607 SADHU SUNDAR SINGH …………………………………. , .Editorial 611 The remarkable story of a Sikh of a wealth}' family who has become a Christian evangelist, renouncing the world and traveling through India like the apostles of old.

AFTER A CENTURY IN MADAGASCAR ……………… By JAMES SIBREE 617 The present conditions in Madagascar under the French, after 100 years of Protestant Missions.

THE MEDICAL MISSIONARY AS A PIONEER ………. By W. H. LEHMAN 620 A graphic account of the way in which the medical missionary opens up the country, and the hearts of people to receive the Gospel.

THE HEART OF THE MISSIONARY MESSAGE …. By SAMUEL'M. ZWEMER 674 A powerful statement of the unique message of Christ that brings light and life to mankind.

DR. SHELTON AND THE BANDITS OF TIBET ………… By E. 1. OSGOOD 631 The thrilling adventures of a missionary on the Chinese border of a for- bidden land.

THE WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN Edited by FLORENCE E. QU1N~AN 636 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ………. ……………………………… 641 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARy………………………………………. 655 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cent,. Single copies, 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1920, by Missi0nary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second class ma:tcr at the postoffice at Cooperstown, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

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R.obert E. Speer', President. Frank Lo. Brown, Vice-President. DelaTan ~ Plerson. Secreta!!, Walter McDo~all, Treasurer zs~u~Ii~;n 0 ee, Cooperstown, $3.50y~ year Editorial and BU~~!~IYor~C~it~S6 Fifth Avenue, • Entered a. second-daM matter at the Postoffice Cooperstown, N t=w York, under the Act of Karclo 3, 1879: Copyrighted. 1920 EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS CHAT HOW DO YOU USE THE REVIEW?, Do you read the REVIEW each month For my sermons, I use and merely keep the interest, infor- the large, bold type. mation and inspiration received there- tThheenkbnyob"' J«us.t turning from to yourself, or do you try to pass on what yoU receive to others? ~ The REVIEW is designed to strength- tv..· . 1'aa.6.'A ~Ol' …. en your interest and enthusiasm re- ~?~~. 00l'l' ••'O~6..~o •• garding the great missionary enter- X, Sa.44, Sehoo' .otte.~. prises of the Church and the progress made in up-building Christ's King- _.. . dom, but most of all it is intended to assist you in your relationship with 1;1 Ti n-,-'" others and in your efforts to strengthen them in Christian pur- "Many,Typewriter./n One" poses and interest. Would l'iu like to know "'A" the We invite ou.r reader,; who have ~tiS!~:., .ifn;,'!':.1~ Is ~"pg,r~1::i1-;t~ found THE REVIEW especially useful in their work to write and tell us of in lour words: results they have obtained in their personal work and in increasing mis- Bec.u•• of Ita wenatilityl sionary interest in thei r churches. Tho Multiplex Hammond dOOll Your suggestions will help us ~~~:~~.i~~ ~:u ~rl'~~:;' -:~~ to increase THE REVIEW'S usefulness knob" you can chanjle from ODe Ityle and to suggest to other readers ways iIl… … or type. or from ODe 1anl1l_. to anof spreading missionary information other. Note the above apeclmen to create more fervent missionary (11i{<htly reduced) 011 …. IA.· workers. Where interest in the great SAMB mach,…. work of the Church has been manifested, have you ever persuaded any- No Other Ty.,.w..lter Can Do Thl. one to become a subscriber to the REVIEW? Hundreds of Christian No matter wlao le.adexs, mi.ssi.onary socie.ties and in- you ……. ..loat you dividuals have had a part in in- &re, or toA.r. you creasing missionary interest and ……. the Multiplex knowledge by means of placing the Hammond II the REVIEW in the hands of others. You wrltn« m""hlne can greatly assist the cause of mis- for YOU. Mall sions by helping to introduce. the the coupon for REVIEW in your church and among free foldet-. your friends. Why not write today and ask us to send you suggestions Also a PORTABLE Model showing ways in which you can assist in this way. Full capt.clty. Weight about 11 pOUDd.. A.k tor opoclal folder. Matled tree. ACKNOW LEDGMENT Inquut~ ~:;!.7::!i! t …….

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REV. PAUL KANAMORI OF JAPAN Mr. Kanamori was a member of the famous "Kumamoto Band" and after a som ewhat checkered career is now :m Evangeli st. Hi~ "Three-hour Sermon" is unique. R ead his fa scinatin g , !ory on page 587

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. JULY, 1920 NUMBER XLIII SEVEN THE INTERCHURCH WORLD MOVEMENT-SOME F AC'I'S T HIS is stock taking time for the Interchut'ch Movl'ment. It is eighteen months since the organization was formed, and about one year since it beg-all to function. Some of the home and foreign surveys have been completed. alld reports have been printed; efforts have been made to enlist the spiritual resources of the Church; an evangelistic campaign has been conducted; life enlistment meetings have been held in colleges and professional schools; some 3000 conferences have brought together 50,000 Protestant pastors, and there was a nation wide financial campaign for $338,000,000. ·What have bel'lI the results 7 Has the effort met with success or failure, and in what degree~ Is the Movement to live or die~. What should be conserved, and what lessons should we learn from achievements and mistakes ~ It is difficult to form a correct estimate of the value of an enterprise which has so many friends and so many opponents as the Interchurch World Movement. One's judgment is apt to be warped by prejudice, by praise or blame, by the end in view, or by faults in methods. Up to May 1st newspapers and addresses were filled with great expectations, uut Rince May 15 there have been signs of disappointment alld criticism in many quarters. "Ve should serk to distinguish hetween fllTld~mrlltals and incidentals. 'V"hat it" the Christlike view of the .MovrmeIlt, its aims, its methode; and its work ~ Nothing less than Christ's ideals and program will stand the test of time and of eternity. Some Results. No detailed n port has been made as to the spiritnal results of the Movement. These depended largely upon denominational leaders and on the pastors of local churches. Some churches reported considerable accession::; to membership, the enlistment of men and women in the fellowship of intercession and in stewardship leagues. Students and some of thm;e released from 577

war work offered themselves in the life service campaign. But no definite reports are available, and it is impossible to tell how much is to be credited to the influence of the Interchurch Movement. and how much to individual churches .and to other organizations already at work, such as the Stndent Volunteer Movement.

The returns of the financial campaign are as yet very incom- plete. Many participating denominations have not reported fullY, but there is a general feeling of disappointment in the result~. This is due to the fact that whereas $338,000,000 were asked for by the participating Boards, only $180,000,000 have been pledged. This includes some of the funds in the four vear Methodist Cente- nary pledges, and $60,000,000 in the five y~ar Northern Baptist National Campaign. The great failure was in the so-called "Friendly Citizens Fund," to be contributed by non-church mem- bers. Whereas over $40,000,000 was looked for bv the leaders from this source, the total receipts were only about $3.000,000, (includ- ing $1,150,000 from three individual church members). Some of the participating denominations with small askings, like the African Methodists, report that they have secured their entire quotas, while others report substantial gains over previous years. The failure of the campaign to seeUTe the $338,000,000 was due in part to increasing the total by the addition of large sums not ineludr-d in the denominational askings. These latter totaled only about $220,000,000. The failure of the" }i'riendly Citizens Fund" (a blessing in disguise) caused disappointment because tho leaders depended upon this to pay the heavy running expenses of the Movement, and ·had held out the hope of large disbursements from this fund and from general r€ceipts, to promot(' denominational enterpri 8es.

Denominational Action. The convictions of the rhurch h'aders in regard to the value of the Interchurch World Movement are reflected in the action of the denominational bodies. Some of these refused or neglected to cooperate. Among these were the Southern Baptists, who successfully completf'd their own five year campaign for $75,000,000 at a promotion expt'llse of one-half of one per cent; the Protestant Episcopal Church have had their own campaign; the Southern Methodists participated in the surveys but not in the financial campaign; some of the Lutheran bodies and many smaller denominations remained aloof for various reasons.

Of the thirty participating bodies, twenty lJave since the cam· paign had no representative gathering authorized to take aetion. Others have met and carefully considered their future relation to the Movement. All bodies endorsed the general aim of the Movement and expressed the conviction that some adequate plan for cooperation among Evangelical bodies is greatly needed in Home and Foreign missionary work.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

The Methodist Episcopal General- Conference (North) approved of the .plan to complete the surveys, and to continue the financial campaign until July 15. The future relationship to the Movement is referred to the Board of Bishops with power.

The Methodist Episcopal C/11trch (South) has, through its Bishops, voted [0 participate in the expense of the surveys, and to pay for the reports and pUblicity material that it obtains from the Movement.

The Presbyterian General Assembly (North) voted to withdraw from further financial responsibility ann participation in the Movement until it is reorganized on a more representative basis, and conducted on a more economical plan, with a budget not to exceed $1,000,000 for the year 1920-1921.

The Presbyterian General Assembly (South) made provision for continuing to cooperate on condition that expenditures are restricted, and instructed its representatives to endeavor to bring about a coordination of the Movement and the Federal Council of Churches.

The United Presbyterian Church, General Assembly, voted to continue io cooperate, provided that there is a reorganization satisfactory to the Central Committee of their New World Movement The Reformed (German) Church in the U. S. General Synod voted to continue to cooperate, and authorized the election of representatives to the General Committee.

The R'eformed (Dutch) Church in America General Synod voted to continue to cooperate and expressed its indebtedness to the Movement for the 3uccess of its own campaign.

The African M. E. Zion General Conference endorsed the Movement and the Methodist Protestant General Conference referred the plans for further cooperation to its Forward Movement Committee.

The Future of the Movement. As a result of the partial failure of the financial campaign and the action of the various denominational bodies, the General Committee of the Movement has voted to reorganize on a more representative basis, and to reduce its machinery and its montWy expenditures from approximately $1,000,000 a month to $150,000 a month for the year 1920-1921. A strong interdenominational committee of eighteen has been appointed to reorganize the Movement on more satisfactory lines under new leadership. Many of the departments of work have been abandoned (including the advertising department), others have been consolidated (such as the literature and publicity departments) and others, (such as the Surveys departments) may be turned over in whole or in part to the Foreign Missions Conference and the Home Missions Council. The building leased at 45 West 18th Street, will be largely sub-let, as most of the space will not longer be needed. Some of the periodicals and publications of the Movement will be disposed of or discontinued. It is probable also that the denominational Forward Movements will undertake the work of the Stewardship, Life Service, Spiritual Resources and Field Departments, so that this will release most of the 2000 employees of the Movement. The Missionarv Education Department may be conducted, as in the past, as an independent organization. Closer cooperation may also

be brought about with the Federal Council of Churches to avoid any possible overlapping- in the work of the two organizations.

If these stf<PS are taken the Movement will resolve itself practically into a CommittE-e of Cooppration between the participating Boards and Soci(>ties, whose purpose is to unify the work of conducting missionary surveys, to cooperate in plans for instructing the Church at homp, to assist in simultaneous financial campaigns, and to recommend plans for missionary advance, union undertakings, the occupation of npglected fields and the steps to remedy overlapping and appar(>nt rivalry among Christian forces.

This is a great modification of th(> original impressive program as set forth by the prol110tprs of the Movement, but even so it may be wonderfully used to disspminl1te missionary information, and to bring greatly increaiwd unity and efficiency in the work assigned to the Church of Christ.

THE INTERCHUIWH MOVEMENT-SOME CONCLUSIONS A s in other great undertakings there are lessons to be learnpd from the elements of success and of failure in the Interchurch World Mov(>l11Put. The very magnitude of thp enterprise was inspiring, but it involved grave perils. The attempt to meet a crisis and a great, world-wide nepd bravply and promptly is noble, but it i& apt to involve waste in thp us(> of immature methods and crude material. The effort to promote a great campaign requires positive leadership, but it tends to autocracy with all the disadvantages due to human imperfection. The building up of a great organization, a huge machine, may seem llecessary to accomplish a great task, but it involves the danger of over dppendence on machinery and a corresponding Jack of dependence on divine power and leadership.

In a study of the Interchurch World Movement we must not lose sight of the achievements nor of the mistakes. We may learn from both.

1. Few will question the idealiFl11 of the aims which prompted the organization of the Movpment. It was born of a conviction that only Christ and His Gospel can meet the needs of this storm-tossed, sin-infected world, and that every man, woman and child needs that Gospel. The mistake came when the inclusion of all forms of philanthropy and social and industrial betterment in the program tended to obscure the maln objecbve.

2. There was also the conviction (and one that should be strengthened) that the Church of Christ has been too indifferent to the Great Commission of Christ, has been" playing at missions," that her strength has been dissipated by lack of harmony and by failing to conduct a great task in an adequate way. But great energy

EDITORIAL COMMENT

and great organization will certainly not bring great results unless they are wholly under the control of God. He brings fruit through life rather than through machinery.

3. That "Knowledge is Power" is an old saying, but not wholly true. .A knowledge of the facts as to the conditions in our cities, in the rural districts. and in foreign fields is important to awaken interest and to show what fields should be· occupied, and what prob· lems remain to be solved. The surveys are needed and should be conducted unitedly to save expense and produce the best results. Much valuable information was gathered by missionaries and others and was graphically presented in conferences and churches. These surveys cost time and money. The .mistake was made in too often securing hasty and inadequate surveys in place of taking time to make them satisfactory with a view to truth and economy.

4. Cooperation and unity among Christian brothers is our Lord's ideal and is greatly needed for the prompt evangelization of the world. Cooperation must not however involve compromise of truth or the lowering of standards or disaster will result. The followers of Christ cannot satisfactorily cooperate with unbelievers in· the support of work is that peculiarly Christian. "Friendly Citizens"· who are not loyal to Christ cannot be expected to have unselfish interest in promoting His program. .

5. The results of the Movement's publicity work is evident in many churches. Men have awakened to a sense of the greatness of the Christian enterprise, and many who had been indifferent or provincial in their viewpoint have seen in new light their obligation and privilege to share in the work. There was, however, some infelic- itous advertising, and at times a false note in presenting the greatest need of humanity and the forces on which we may rely to regenerate.

men. Sufficient time 'was not taken to truly educate and win the intelligent support of Church members. Emotional appeals and a passing impulse were in some cases depended upon as motives in place of deep convictions and· high principles.

6. The duty and blessing of personal work, of prayer and of a true stewardship of our possessions was clearly and forcefully presented in addresses and in printed literatur,e. The good ,effect has been evident and will continue. Many Boards that have had wise educational programs show greatly i~creased gifts. The Pres- byterian New Era Movement reports a larger increase in giving last year than in the preceding ten years. Methodists have increased their gifts f~om about $1 per capita a year to $6.18; the Baptists to $9 and the United Presbyterians give $21 per capita a year.

7. The Movement greatly encouraged pastors at home, mis- sionaries abroad, managers of hospitals and homes, and other Chris- tian workers. Here, they thought, are signs that the churches are 'awakening and will truly hold up our hands with prayer and gifts.

Missionaries were encouraged to ask large things, sometimes larger than they could use to advantage. The result of unfulfilled expectations is keen disappointment, if not !iiscouragement.

There are many excellent features in the mo,tives and aims of the Movement and its achievements are not to be discredited on account of its faults and failings. The leaders themselves, many of whom made real sacrifices in the work, now acknowledge the faults-the undue haste; the too lavish expenditure of money, involving the incurring of heavy obligations ($8,000,000 for operation expense) before any money was received for the work; the imitation of political and military campaign methods and the employment of some workers who were not fitted for their tasks. The whole Bcheme of the "Friendly Citizens Fund" is now generally acknowledged to have been a mistake and based on wrong principles.

Experience gained in the past year may lie of inestimable value. It should open our eyes anew to the importance and magnitude of the task entrusted to us and should lead us to depend more upon God and His inexhaustible resources.· At the same time we have important lessons to learn in stewardship and in self-sacrifice. '.{'he lack of large sums of money to spend is often a blessing in disguise, as this keeps our eyes and 01,11' hopes more steadfastly fixed on God. No failure to achieve desired ends need discourage further effort, but every experience should lead us to study the lessons that God would teach and to bring us and our plans into harmony with His Will as revealed in the written and the living 'Vord.

MISSIONS AND POLITICS IN ARMENIA A PEOPLE who claim allegiance to'our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ lie torn and bleeding and stripped by the roadside. They have fallen among robbers and murderers. They are helpless and in dire need. Shall America, like the priest and the Levite, "pass by on the other side"? We may not think the people attractive in their present condition; we may cllaim that it is none of our business to become mixed up in an unsavory affair; we may say that God will rescue them without our help if it is His plan that they shall survive. The real question is, what is the true Christian spirit and our duty in the present crisis? America may not be a Christian nation, and so the Government may not recognize Christian obligations, but individuals in America who are followers of Chris1 must accept the responsibilities which the Spirit aJ,ld teachings of Christ lay upon them. Weare not responsible for the outcome of history, or the fulfilment of prophecy-these are in the hands of God-but we are responsible for being Christlike "neighbors" to those who are in distress.

A missionary to the Armenians, whose father and grandfather

r920] , EDITORIAL

were missionaries in Turkey, the Rev. Ernest W. Riggs, President of Euphrates College at IIarput, writes as follows: "Turkish Armenia, which has been a successful field for Prot- estant missionary effort during the past eighty years, has been repeatedly devastated by massacres, deportations and famine. It is this land for which the United States has been asked to take a mandate. Some of the statements here mad~ may not be true of the Armenian state which was formed by the breaking np of the great Russian Empire. This was called at first the' Ararat Republic,' and the de facto government has been recognized by the great nations, inoluding the United States.

"To understand the present missionary situation in Armenia we need to consider six outstanding facts. First, missionary work in Turkish Armenia has been at a standstill for five years. In several important centers not only is the work discontinued but the workers and the constituency are gone, and even the buildings are destroyed. In other parts work has been begun again in a small way. One service is held in the Mission Station on the Sabbath, but the thirty outstations have no worship. One school is crowded with orphans, but the forty schools all about, feeders to the missionary college, are, like the college, not functioning. The touring nnssionary is viewed with suspicion and is unable to visit the remnant of the people, as they are in abject servitude and fear.

"Second, the missionary constituency is gone. Though we may regret the limitations we must recognize the fact that missionary effort of the past eighty years has been limited very largely to work among Armenians. The pastors and preachers were llrmenian; the pupils and text books were Armenian; the large part of the missionaries' time was given to work for the Christian Armenians. Now, from seventy-five to ninety-five per cent of the Armenians of this region have been destroyed or driven into exile. The Turks who eliminated the Armenians are in power. Not only are they in revolt against the civilized world, but even against their own Sultan in Constantinople, and everyone is waiting, waitilng, WAITING for the settlement of affairs that all believe must soon come, but no one knows how.

"Third, the missionaries look: to America as Al'llenia's only human hope. America is able to bring the hell? needed, and no other nation seems to be in a position to right the wrongs of this region. Certainly, the wrongs will not right themselves, and America has the opportunity to render this service.

"Fourth, Europe is eager for America to undertake this mandate. Lord Bryce, who knows and loves both America and Armenia almost as he loves his own land, does not plead with America to take up this work to further the selfish ends of Europe, but to help extinguish the conflagration which threatens civilization.

"Fifth, the churches at home see the ueed of America's action to save Armenia. The Congregational Niational Council voted to ask everyone of its individual churches to urge Congress to act to save Armenia; the Methodists at their Quadrennial General Conference urged immediate and favorable action regarding the mandate; the Presbyterian General Assembly not only urged the Government to take its part in saving Armenia, but sent the appeal to every IPinister in the denomination. The leaders of other denominations have also voiced the feeling that America has a Heaven-given mandate for Armenia, which is refused at our peril.

"Sixth, the American Government has done nothing to save Armenia. The conclusion is brief and sure. The promotion of the work of Christ in Armenia is held up at the cross roads. If America refuses to take a practical 'responsibility for Armenia the forces which destroyed our missionary work and defied all rights of man and laws of God will gain confidence. They have apparently triumphed thus far, and are daily increasing in strength. They are set against all missionary effort for Moslems and are ~determined not to allow the non-Moslems to return. If they can ohange the:> once Christian Armenia into an "unoccupied missionary field," they will rejoice. If America responds favorably to the appeal of ~fr missionaries, her clergy and her people, and makes a fine adventure for humanity, the missionary work among all classes will go forward with leap~ and bounds.

THE KIND OF MISSIONARIES NEEDED ~A'CHRISTIAN leader who wias asked recently to name the qual- ifications necessary for a successful missionary to an important post in the Near East, replied; "First, tact; second, intellectual ability; third, personal foree, able to bring things to pass." Has the missionary Jadvocate of Jesus Christ descended to this level? A Mormon, a Buddhist, a Moslem, a Christian Scientist, a Unitarian, an agnm';tic or an infidel might possess these characteristics, and so far be acceptable. No doubt the leader quoted took other qualifications for granted, but this is a dangerolu: and unwarranted procedure in this day and generation. Where is the emphasis on firm, well grounded belief in such fundamental Christian doctrines as the deity of Jesus Chris,t, the Atonement, the bodily resurrection of Jesus, the power of the Spirit of God, and the inspiration of the Bible as the guide in Christian faith and practice' ~ The missionary is an ambassador of Christ, and as such must have a clear message, conviction and credentials. An honored missionary of long experience, when he learned 'of the requirements indicated for the post above mentioned, said: "The qualifications are, first f.aith in God as revealed in the Scriptures; second, absolute 3urrender to Jesus Christ as Son of God and the all-sufficient and

EDiTORIAL COMMENT

only' Saviour; third, loving obedience to the will of God and the leadership of the Holy Spirit; and fourth, true faith in prayer." Other qualifications -for successful leadership in any position are extremely important, but they are not fundamental. Spiritual life, -' vital contoot with God, a knowledge of .the truth as revealed in Jesus' Christ and love for one's fellowmen are essential if a man is to do useful work for God. Tact, talents and energy are added assets that make for success, but they are not prime· requisites. A Japanese Christian evangelist has testified that missionaries who come to his country and Japanese Christians who have studied in western colleges and smninaries, fail as Christian workers, if they are uncertain as to the fundamentals of their faith. They have no message if they are not confident of the truth of the Bible and the deity of Jesus Christ. "This is the work of God;" said Jesus, "that ye be~ lieve on Him whom He hath sent." And a~ain He said: "If~they believe not Moses and the prophets, neither will they be 'persuaded though one rose from tbe dead." – The qualifications of the missionary, according to our Lord's Great Commission, are: allegiance to JeslUls Christ as ~aviour and Lord, baptism with the Spirit of God, ability fo witness for Christ as the crucified and risen Son of God, and fidelity in teaching "all things whatsoever He commanded." These are the kind of laborers needed to gather the harvest.

TRAVELERS IN THE ORIENT M any Christians in the Orient, who come into contact with visitors from Europe and America, h~ar with misgivings of any new influx of travelers. Why should this be so T Foreigners have brought Ohristianity to Japan, Korea, China, India and other lands, and many travelers today bring great encouragement and blessing to the missionaries and to the native Christians who are coming into the light of Christ. But too many foreign visitors, even if they are Christians, do not understand the Oriental viewpoint, and so override the best conventions of the East, and disregard the strict teachings of the missionaries. Japanese and Chinese, for instance, think of all Europeans and Americans as Chris-·. tians, and when they see travelers from these enlightened lands dress immodestly, engage in amusements that are questionable or in other ways conduct themselves in a manner unworthy of Christ, they are shocked, and are retarded in their Christian faith and life.

The free and easy ways of Americans especially are outrageous to Chinese and Japanese eyes. Foreign women students are some~ times spoken of in Tokyo as "foreign geisha," for only geisha (or worse) dress so loudly or act so boldly. The high class women in Japan have idealS' in many respects like those of the old Puritan days in America. Missionaries therefore dread the coming of a great convention or tourist party. As a rule, Americans and English look

down upon all Oriental peoples, and even good Christians do not attempt to conform to customs which do not suit them. They do not realize the misunderstanding or contempt they. invite, and s·eem not to care about the impression they make. A missionary writes: "I hate to think of the scandalous dressing that crowds of Christian visitors display, for almost all the new arrivals shock us, and must shock Christian Japanese and nice women much more. No gauze or very thin material except for scarfs is used in Japan by women, and no matter what Japanese customs shock Americans, it does not make our Western manners less of a stumbling block to them, especially when women from America are considered on a par with the geisha who are men's playthings. Surely, if they understood this, true Christian women visitors would he more carefuL"

Such a warning should prevent scandals. }i"'oreigners traveling in the East should inquire as to native customs and pr.ejudices and conform to their best ideals, so that they may not put any stumbling block in the way of those who are seeking to walk the Christian road.

ENCOURAGEMENT FROM CHINA W HAT becomes of the hundreds of bright Chinese girls who re- . ceive their diplomas from the mission schools ~ Do they suc- cumb to the old order, fall back into tI'laditibnal seclusion, or do they carry the fight for Christian ideals into their native towns 1 A Baptist missionary of. Ningpo who wished to know, sent ques- tionnaires to sixteen representative ,mission schools. Replies came from 537 graduates and revealed the encouraging f'act that only eight girls are not serving China in some way. Among them are thirty- eigM evangelists, thirteen nurses, seven doctors and 384 teachers.

Of the 147 horne 'makers fort;v-nine are wives of Christian preachers :and twenty-two have married doctors. Ninety-five per cent of these 537 graduates are Chri~tians, and six schools have a record of one hunqred per oent.

When the Chinese girl graduate walks out of school with her diploma in hand, she goes immediately into some form' of useful service and in most instances into definite Christian work for her Chinese sisters.

CHILDREN OF PAUl

AU are Christians; The- older Sons are in Government Senrice Paul Kanamori and His Sermon BY REV. S. H. WAINRIGHT: D.O., TOKYO, JAPAN . General Secretary, C;hristia,~ , Literature Society of Japan T HE most notable featur~. of .Protestant Christianity in Japan in the last three or foui/:' years has been the meetings conduc- ' ., ted by Rev. Paul Kanamori, the Japanese Christian evangelist. The significance of his work lies deeper than the gratifying circumstances of his evangelistic tours and the success of his meetings. The man and his message have upset calculations with reference to the effect the Christian religioit is to have upon the Japanese mind, a~d the mode by which the Gosp~l of Christ can best be pres_ented to the .pegple . of that country. His ministry is not only a potent factor, bur it is a case in point as VeIl. It not only exhibits actual results, but manifests ac quality which may characterize Christianity as a whole in the future of .Japan. Mr; Kanamori's preaching. is. a demonstration of the effectiveness of the evangelistic messa.qe presented under new and strange conditions, though to human hearts the essential needs are the same in every country and in every age.

NOT/!: Rev. Paul Kanamori, one of the original Kumamoto Band of Japan, and now a most 5ucces,sful eV'angelist, is in America for a few months in the interests of – evangelist.c work i'n Japan. A book describing his work is soon to be issued under the title, "The Three Hour Sermon"- EDl'roR.

587

Mr. Kanamori has had an interesting and unique history. His conversion to Christ took place in the pioneer days of Protestant Christian missions in Japan, under circumstances very different from those which now atte.nd the conversion of souls coming in under his ministry. In 1876 at Kumamoto, on the island..of Kyushu, a company of about forty Japanese young men who had been studying the Bible under Captain Janes; a retired American army officer, went to the top 'of a hill in the suburbs on the last Sunday in January. After a solemn conference together, they pledged themselves to follow Christ, and made a vow that their aim would be "to enlighten the darkness of the Empire by preaching the Gospel, even at the sacrifice of their lives. " At that time it was not safe to espouse the cause of Christ in Japan. Young Kanamori was one of the group and was called upou to offer the prayer of consecration. Later this group became knoWn as the "Kumamoto Band," and out of this – Band came t.he men, Miyagawa, Ebina, Kanamori, and later Kozaki, who win rank as fathers in the history of the Congregationalist Church in Japan. The" Kumamoto Band" had a paraUel in the groups of young men who became Christians at Sapporo, at Yokona- rna and later at Oita. These 'Were clusters of serious-minded young Samurai, who in the early days formed ties of comradeship in avow- ing faith in Christ, with very far-reaching consequences in the times that came afterward.

After graduating from the Doshisha Mr. Kanamori began pas- toraLwork at Okayama as a pioneer Christian worker. He taught in the Doshisha Theological School from 1886 to 1890, during_ which time he served with Dr. Neesima as acting president. Then he be- came pastor of the Bancho church in Tokyo in 1890, but withdrew from the ministry in 1891. With the' incoming Of Western ideas an intimate relation was established between Japan and the West. The period when Christianity met with favor in Japan was a time coin- cident with the rise of science and the application of Biblical criti- cism, and the spread of evolutionary ideas in Christian coqntries. The crisis in the West affected the new church in Japan iil.a most critical manner. Mr. Kanamori ascribes his loss of faith to the n~w destructive criticism, particularly to the influence of Pfleider- er's "Philosophy of Religion," the second part of which hj translated into Japanese under the title" Liberal Theology." .

From 1891 to 1913, Mr. Kanamori was not connected with the Church and rwent over the country lecturi~g for the government on economic saving. In 1912 the death of his wife turned his mind once more toward Christ. Through deep penitence and self-surrender he . found his way ()nce more into the light, and, in 1914 he began a public ministry which is now so fruitful. He at first identified himself with the Salvation Army, thinking that this organization would afford him a field for the kind of preaching he chose to do. After one year (in

pAUL KANAMORI AND HIS

1915) he undertook independent evangelistic work, and since 1917 has held his membership with theOongregational ministers. When he came ,to the United States in 1915 for a four months' campaign, and conducted meetings in sixty-four Japanese churches on the Pa- cific coast, two thousand four hundred souls deeided for Christ. In 1919, in a three months' campaign in Hawaii, two thousand and forty decisions were made. During the past three years and six months, he has visited in .Japan and elsewhere three hundred and five places, . has held eight hundred and twelve meetings with the, cooperation of forty different missions and five hundred and three congregations of different denominations. The total attendance has' been 313,400, and there have been recorded 48,338 decisions for Christ.

Paul Kanamori returned to his old faith but with a neh experi- ence. As a true successor of Moody and Finney, he has s own the ' power there is in the preaching of the Cross, as no other Japanese has done. Some time ago when conversing about these things with Mr. Kanamori, I expressed the desire to know how it was that he had been led to view the Christian religion from so distinctly an evangelical standpoint. 'Vithout a moment's hesitation he replied, "I was a sin- ner and Christ saved me from my sins." Formerly he had been sav- ed from Confucianism and brought into a higher life, but now he had been rescued by the power of Christ from a life of sin. He had not only gone from Christian faith to doubt, but he had sunk from doubt into sin. The evangelistic note with him was an echo of personal experience and this explains why his preaching rings so true to the Atonement of Christ. His experience has exhibited that wonder- ful fruitfulness so characteristic of true conversion in the history of the Church. Actuated by a truly spiritual enthusiasm, he is going through the provil),ces of his own country and presenting to the Japanese the Gospel of salvation as the offer of something to be aC:- cepted but which the human heaM is unworthy to receive. He makes havoc of man's self-righteousness which has been the cornerstone of a Confucian training. The" decisions for Christ" under his preaching are not a new element in evangelism in Japan, but some of the meth- ods of his evangelistic campaigns are new, and there is a new em- phasis on the sense of personal unworthiness, on the feeling of , man's moral bankruptcy and the felt need of a Saviour from sin.

A THREE HOUR SERM.")N Mr. Kanamori preaches one celebrated sermon in each place he visits and his ambition is to reach through this sermon at least a million souls in Japan. His sermon is three hours long and is divided into three main topics, namely God, Sin and 8alvation. His plan is to visit a city or village, preach this message to different audiences for three or four nights and then to move on to another point and there preach the sam'9 message. He hM already preached that

sermon to over 300,000 people, 800 times, in over '300 cities and towns. There have been more than 48,000 conversions or decisions for Christ as a result of this preaching. Has any other method in a non- Christian land produced such remarkable results? Mr. Kanamori hopes also to reach ten million in Japan by the printed message of the Gospel. This will be distributed ill ten sen (five cent) New Testaments.

In his three hour sermon, Mr. Kanamori assumes that comparatively few Japanese have a knowledge of the characteristics of Christianity, though a greater proportion are familiar with the term Christianity. He declares that one cannot believe a religion without understanding it, in which truth lies the explanation of the small number of Christians in Japan. The Japanese, generally speaking, are without a knowledge of the Christian religion, Another remark in the opening of the sermon we quote literally, for it shows the soundness and reality of Mr. Kanamori's faith. "'Ve believed in the Christian religion," he says, "just a step earlier than you, and knew it to be a good religion; not only good, but a religion that we must believe in by all means. Since we have known its worth, we cannot help proclaiming the Christian religion to our beloved countrymen. We feel under an obligation to transmit this religion to others." These sentences reveal not only the secret of Mr: Kanamori's unwearied efforts, but they bear testimony to that inner impulse through which Christianity alone among all the religions of the earth has inspired what may be called apostolic labors 'in behalf of others.

Mr. Kanamori explains that his aim in the sermon is to give the audience an outline of Christianity, just such a view as ~e would have of Tokyo, say, looking down upon the city'from an aeroplane. He omits the more detailed points, such as would be explained in the churches at a Sunday morning service. The Christian body of truth he illustrates by stating that it resembled the human body, the main parts of which were outstanding and essential.

Hethen holds up the Bible as the one Book of the Christian religion. Unlike the Confucian classics it is not difficult to read, but can be uuderstood and enjoyed by anyone who knows the Japanese alphabet. The New Testament can be bought for ten sen (five cents) and the whole Bible for eighty-five sen. So anyone who can collect eighty-five sen and can read the kana is able to acquire the "Book of the Christian Religion." He remarks with truth, "I think there is no other religion so easy to study as the Christian religion. " Some may be discouraged, if told that they must read the twelve hundred and twenty pages of the Bible, many words of which on every page need -explanation. But the Christian religion, like some other things, has a heart or marrow.

Three truths he regards essential, and these are as ropes by

PAUL KANAMORI AND HIS SERMON

which all the meshes of the net are drawn together. He ,present!'! these three truths with the hope that the hearers may' grasp them firmly and may draw the Christian religion near to themselves. These three truths are God, Sin and Salvation.

Gon.-In the first division on the Christian view of God, Mr.

Kanamori speaks of the deities of Japan with a knowledge not pos- sessed by any other ltving man. He has traveled all over the country and. seen wayside shrines and simple worship and superstitious practices in every part of the country, the "god-shelves" in the homes and the tutelary divinities in the villages. He himself, when a young man, was devoted to the "eight million gods of Japan." Christians, like the Japanese, use the word God, but with a very different meaning. Over against the One True God of the Christians, the Creator of Heaven and Earth, the speaker portrays the multiplicity of objects of Japanese worship. Every part of the world was thought to be governed by a special god. "When I was a child," he says, "Whenever I heard the thunder rolling, I thought the god of thunder was kicking about in Heaven in a rage, and that the light~ ning was the flashing of his eyes. We used to hide ourselves under the mosquito net for we thought that the thunder god could not get into the net. Sometimes a farmer returning home with a hoe on his shoulder would be struck dead, as we thought, on account of his evil deeds. We believed that the thunder god suddenly came down from Heaven and clutched a man in his grasp and killed him on the spot. The pictures of the thunder god made him look like a devil and represented him to be going; about beating drums.

"But what a change has taken place ! We now use the lightning to light our dwellings in place of the old-fashioned andon, (a plate of oil with two or three wicks). So dim was the light of the andon by which we lived in those days, that every morning when the sun rose in the eastern sky the· people went out and worshipped the sun, clap- 0 ping their hands together and bowing to the sun as to a god. We were taught to worship the moon, calling it "0 Tsuki Sarna" (Mr. Moon), and tlie people gave names to the twinkling stars and said that certain stars met together once a year; and, if on the day they ~et it should rain, they declared that the water of the milky way had overflow~d its banks and that the two stars would not be able to meet .. together, and out of sympathy for them we would hold a star festival. But these objects in the sky which are worshipped as gods we now learn in the schools to be heavenly bodies, even the substance of which has become a matter of knowledge."

Mr. Kanamori speaks of the lower forms of worship, such for example as the worship of faxes and badgers, of trees and curiously shaped rocks in the mountaills, of heroes and patriots. But worse than this is the worship of the god of pickpockets, and the deification of gamblers and robbers. "How is it," he asks, "that

humanity can worship a thief who puts· his hands into our pockets T How can foxes and badgers, serpents and centipedes, trees and stones, and sun, moon and stars be gods 1 Strange as it is, thou- sands of Japanese pay worship to such objects. ~t is truly a'stound- iug. The gods have gone .on increasing and the number is so great as to be found troublesome, and to impel the people to wish to reduce the number. But the Japanese government disapproves. The difficulty is gotten around by secretly asking the gods to live together in a common shrine. I once visited a locality 'Where such a merger was taking place. The people had reduced the shrines from seventy to four, asking the gods to live together, as they were too numerous to be looked after in separate shrines and besides such worship was too expensive. What would these gods do if they were living gods, moved about in this way by the people according to their own pleas- ureT One's house is one's castle. How feeble he must be, if he re- mains silent while others come and remove him from one house to another as they please 1"

Mr. K~namori shows that the Japanese pride-themselves in the number of their gods, but India stands first among the nations in the number of gods. The reason why pagan nations have so many gods is because the people make gods for themselves. Much of the worship is bribery, and a part of the meat is offereq to the god in return for a successful catch. In his own boyhood the evangelist had put a 'stick on its end at the forks of the road and asked the gods to cause the stick to fall to the right or to the left, indicating the way he should go. The night time in those days was filled with horrors, with ghosts and apparitions which made the darkness a terror to children~ But when the sun came up the darkness with its hideous monsters disappeared.

~ The sun is for all the nations. It would be absurd to speak of the sun as being Japanese or foreign. And just as all the nations live in the light of this one sun, so there is One God for the East and for the West. All peoples live in the light of this One God, for they were made by Him and they are one. Separate peoples think' they have been made by different gods. But if so, it is strange that all men are made on the same plan. Surely the gOqS did not hold a meet- . ing and decide how to make human. beings!

Mr. Kanamori had hundreds in his audience who practiced such worship as he portrays, and who believed that the gods of Japan had made the Japanese islands and people. He closes this part of his ser- mon by setting forth the Christian conception of God as the Eternal Spiritual Father. He speaks of the dignity of man, "not because he bears the title of Marquis or Count or because he happens to pos- sess a little money, but because he is a son of the true and living God' whose image he bears." If we be sons, 'We are brethren'and should' treat one another with j~stice, kindness, faithfulness and truth.

PAUL KANAMORI AND HIS SERMON

SIN.-,-In this division of his sermon the opening sentences give a clue to the line of thought pursued by Mr. Kanamori. "In Christianity it is said that all the people have sinned; nobody is sin- less. But some will say, 'What1 Have I sinned 1 When did I rob others of anything 7 Have I ever killed a man ~ Or set fire to a house 1 I am a school teacher. I am a government official, 1 am a gentleman or I am a lady. Its outrageous! Christians speak of sin and say you are a sinner, just as if a prison officer were talking to a convict. This irritates us, and so we hate Christianity.''' These words speak volumes and tell the whole truth on the question of sin among the Japanese. Confucianism and Buddhism have never done for the people under the influence of these systems what Mr. Kanamori proceeds to do in this part of his sermon, namely to distinguish clearly between sin and crime. A juggler puts a bird in a box and then takes it out. But the chicken that comes from an egg has not been smuggled into the egg. So with evil deeds j they have their source in the human heart, full of hatred and lust and other selfish inclinations. "The women may say that men have such fierce faces," says Mr. Kanamori, "that it is not surprising if ill feeling lurks within their hearts and becomes productive of strife and blood- shed. But the heart of womanhood is not so. Yet the women should not be deceived, for it is mostly women who go to the shrines at mid- night and pray to the gods to destroy someone toward whom they cherish a feeling of revenge. State laws deal with the chicken and God's law deals with the egg; police officers are bird catchers. ' A robber bird there! Be quick to catch it!' one calls to the policeman.

Slllch is the business of State. But what can the laws do with the human heart which is the source of evil deeds 7 The state has no power to destroy sin." .

In this section of the sermon, the preacher with great boldneRs arraigns the sins of human society, the evils peculiar to Japan, He speaks of the geisha women and of how they undermine home life.

He speaks of the robbers who are "clad in swallow-tail coats and who wear silk hats on their heads and medals upon their breasts and who rob others all the while." He refers to petty thievery among students. He explains the Christian view of murder and shows how it includes the shortening of parents' lives through prodigal living on the part of the son. He declares that the practice of abortion is child- murder. He boldly states that parents slay their daughters when they sell them into a life of shame, as much as if they threw them into muddy water. "Such parents are devils with faces of men and souls of beasts who live on the life blood of their own daughters."

These words sound the doom of a hideous social custom long existing in Japan.

Then Mr. Kanamori softens his words in an appealing manner by explaining that Christians do not simply hold the mirror toward

others, saying, "Look at your own sins." They desire to help oth- ~rs and to warn them. One feature of his preaching at this point deserves the highest commendation. He believes in the reality of :punishment and preaches it. "A criminal may escape through the meshes of the law, but the meshes of God's net are very fine. We are all heading toward final judgment. We must appear in the presence of God, and receive our just reward." "Some of you say that hell is just an artifice devised by religious people. But this is not so. Rell is real, just as truly a fact as that the sun which sinks behind the horizon will appear again tomorrow morning in the eastern sky. "

SALvATION.-In the third part of his sermon, the substance of Mr. Kanamori's message is in his first words. "Salvation means to be saved from our sins. By what means can we be saved 1 It is by the Cross of Christ; and nothing but the Cross of Christ can save us from sin. This is the most important Christian doctrine." The evangelist goes on to say that this doctrine distinguishes Christianity from the teachings of sages like Confucius and Mencius. "Christianity saves from sin, not by means of a collection of writings or teachings, but by Christ and His Cross. We do not become wise and good in order to be saved, but we are saved in order that we may become wise and good. It is common to speak of sin as we speak of ink on the face which can easily be washed off, or as a cloud of rust on a metal mirror which a little polishing will remove. But sin is more like driving a nail into a table. We may feel regret and may remove the nail, but the injury done to the table is there. Mter yon have cut a man's head off, no amount of sorrow will enable you to put it back on again."

Mr. Kanamori presents very clearly the Atonement of Christ as a substitutionary sacrifice and points to the significance of Christ's tieath not as the death of an ordinary human being, or as a saint. Qr as a sage. The significance in His substitution; His vicarious death, is in the fact that "He was the Son of God." The secret of the power of Christianity is in the Cross. "There is power in blood. " This he illustrates by the oath of blood taken by the ancient Samurai, by the forty-seven ronin fat example, who made their mutual vow under the seal of their own blood.. So Christians do not say" Amen" with their lips merely, but have faith which involves a risk of their lives for Christ·s sake and for the world's welfare. One must be willing to bear any hardship, to risk any treasure, even life itself, if he is to be a Christian. "M.y sincere desire is," says Mr. Kanamori, "to see all the Japanese become Christians. At the present time the Japanese are insincere, cold-hearted and unreal. Weare in need of altruism, the spirit of unselfish service for others, the willingness to risk .one's own life in behalf of his religion.

"It is my cori:{riction that my countrymen can find salvation from

PAUL KANAMORI AND HIS SERMON

their present insincerity and can establish a place for themselves in the world by no other means than by the Oross of Ohrist. I eagerly desire that our people may come to have faith in Ohristianity, the religion of the' seal of blood' (Keppan). If they become Ohristians the Japanese will exert themselves for the sake of their own country's welfare and for the salvation of the world. In all generations Christians have risked their lives for their religion. In ancient days Japanese Ohristians suffered matyrdom. When the official held up saws before these Ohristians who had been buried in holes with their heads out and threatened them, the Ohristians replied that they did not mind that, for Ohrist had died on the Oross for their sakes. When the officer cut off one head and repeated the threat to the next one they received the same reply. Even faint-hearted women met this trial and Calmly gave up their lives. The Oross of Ohrist gives t6 people who believe in Him a readiness to. give up life fo1,' Him. The Oross makes weak people strong and gives victory ov~r . difficulty. In the Cross the great love of God is revealed, the eternal love which gave the Son of God to die for us. Love is a power which carries everything before it."

Mr. Kanamori speaks of the Crucifixion in realistic and path- etic terms. "This mode of punishment was not intended by men to kill, "so much as to torture. In Japan a criminal is bound to p, cross and speared. But Christ suffered a lingering .death. One in such agony was fortunate indeed if someone by means of a spear brought a speedy end. Christ died for us and He died in the midst of terrible pain. His pain was for our sins. What are we willing to do for.

Him7" This condensed account of Mr. Kanamori's sermon conveys little impression of the point, the local coloring and the effectiveness of the theme as delivered. I heard this sermon preached to sixteen hUIidred people at the Y. M. C. A. auditorium in Tokyo on a dis- agreeable winter evening. I succeeded in finding a seat in one of the galleries from which I could view the audience as a >rhole and could see something of the impression the sermon was making upon them. Most of the listeners appeared to be strangers to the Christian mode of worship and preaching. Mr. Kanamori spoke for two hours and sixteen minutes, a shorter time than usual, and after the invitation was given by Mr. Tagawa, who was presiding, the evangelist came forward and spoke an additional fifteen minutes in earnest exhorta- tion. There was nothing essentially different from what I have ob- seryed in meetings of evangelists like Gypsy Smith and "Billy" Sunday. But the amazing thing is to witness the preaching of the old, old story, with such simplicity and power, earnestness and effect, roo-. by a convert of the first generation of Christians and in the Japanese colloquial language. It seemed that an age was crowded into a ment. Tb.e a~di~nce, though made up .for the most part of p'ersons

who had little if any knowledge of Christianity, yet seemed" to be under a mysterious spell, made captive to the persuasive and convincing power of the preacher's message. Attention was riveted upon the speo.ker, who made plain the way of salvation.

:Mr. Kanamori insists that the work of the evangelist is imperfect without" that of the pastor. "The evangelist," he says, "is the woodsman who fells the timber, great and small. The pastor is the carpenter who works the timber over and builds it into houses. The evangelist can do nothing but hand the timber over, which the pastor must begin to work on at once else it will decay." Of course the handing over of cards with names and addresses to the pastor is not the same as handing over souls into his care. :Many who decide cannot be induced to receive instruction.

The evangelist prepares the soil which renders subsequent work more easy and effective. In this respect Mr. KanaIIlori is doing a great service, opening the way for the local Christian forces where he goes. Immediate results are gratifying, especially in his work on " the Paciiic coast in Anwrica. Of the sixty-four churches visited, thirty-nine voluntarily sent him written reports a year after the meetings, showing that six hundred and fifty members had been added and that three hundred and eight were yet to be received into these churches. This was an assured gain in thirty-nine of the churches of one thousand accessions out of the total of two thousand four hundred "decisions" in the campaign. The accessions were not as great in proportion as in Hawaii or in Japan, yet everywhere later reports showed substantial gains. Three hundred and thirty-three," out of a total of three thousand sixty-one decisions, were taken into the Fujimicho Presbyterian church in Tokyo within two months after the campaign of six nights in the Y. M. C. A. auditorium. Those who know modern Japan will appreciate the following word from Mr. Kanamori: "The nation is hungry for spiritual power rather than for intellectual enlightenment." He is in more constant touch with the masses than anyone else, and he feels furtharmore that there is great need of more Christian workers so that theological seminaries should be botti "improved and enlarged."

Moslems of Central

BY DR. PAUL HARRISON, BAHREIN, PERSIAN GULF Missionary of the Reformed Church in America M OHAMMEDANISM is a reflection of the Arab ~nd, and owes- its strength to the fact that it is such a faithful reflection of that mind, which is the world's primitive mind at its best. Mohammedanism's visi.on of the omnipotent God is at once so magnificent as to command the admiration of the most hostile, and so simple in its intellectual demands that an untaught African bush man can grasp it. This vision has given the faith of Mohammed an almost unconquerable power over the hearts of men for thirteen hundred years.

Now as always the power and drive of that faith are directly in proportion to the clearness and intensity with which this central truth is held. The farther from its birthplace Mohammedanism is studied, the greater becomes its dilution rwith external pagan elements, and the weaker its impact on surrounding races and re1igions. The semi~idolatro:U:s Shiites of Persia do not widen the borders of Islam. No more do the half heathen Mohammedans of China. But the orthodox Mohammedan Arab, be he slave trader, or merchant, or Mullah, seems to leave behind him a trail of mosques rwherever he goes. Throughout aU" these centuries Arabia has been the great fountain head of this tremendously powerful conception of God, and man, and the world. Streams from that source have flowed far in many directions, before mixture with other elements has 'Veakened and sometimes finally stopped them.

Throughout Islam's history the purity of the original spring has been preserved only by occasional great spiritual,uphea,,"als, which served to call men back to the simplicity of the original teaching. Islam was less than a hundred years old when the Khawarij as a separate bOdy lived and died to protest against the generation of their timet!. A hundred years later, Ibn Hanbal called his contemporaries back to the true faith with a voice that is heard down to this day. To pass over much intervening history, two hundred years ago Arabia was convulsed by Ibn Abdul Wahab as he called the wandering Arabs back to the pure faith. It is significant that he did not look on himself as in any sense the founder of a new school. His followers dislike the name "Wahabi." They reckon themselves followers of the system of Ibn Hanbal, an'd term themselves "Haubalis." Ibn Abdul Wahab's reforms spread all over Arabia, and today many Wahabis are to be found in India and even in Central Asia.

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That is all in the past. It is with a feeling of awe, almost of fear, that we see a similar tremendous movement gathering momentum under our very eyes today. Ten years ago the Bedouin tribes who form the greater part of the population of Arabia were ignorant of their own faith, to a degree almost beyond belief.

In those days we longe<;l for the time when we might gel into the interior so that work among these tribes could be started. We sup- posed that they offered the most promising field of any class in Arabia. '

Events have moved rapidly since then. Eight or ten years ugo some of the religious leaders of Nejd became interested in training teachers for these Bedouin tribes, whose ignMance and indifference concerning their own faith were a scandal. A man when trained so that he could act as an accredited teacher, was dffitinguishedby a white head dress. They termed themselves, •• The Ichwan" i. e.

"the Brethren." The movement spread beyond all dreams. Hun- dreds came in to be trained. At first the white head dress indicated a certain amount of training, but gradually as the movement spread, and came to include hundreds, and thousands, and now tens of thousands, it came to stand for little more than a dedication body and soul to the practice and propagation of orthodox Islam, of the stiffestWahabi type. The effort is still to have every member at least learn the stipulated prayers, but it must be a'small fraction who have been trained, even to that slight degree.

The spread of the movement has been almost awe inspiring in its rapidity, and much more in the intensity of devotictn it has in- spired in the hearts of the Desert Bedouins, whom a casual observer might have considered quite incapable of such religious ,emotions.

Two years ago when we visited Riadh, the movement was in evi- dence everywhere, but jts actual followers were not very numerous.

This year, nine out of every ten of the Bedouins that visit the capital wear the white head dress. The camel man who brought us back as- sured me that he dared not return to his old home, nor would he dare meet his own brothers on the road; ~'for," said he, "if they should outnumber us, either I would join the movement with them, or die On the spot." ,Their attitude toward the heretic and the Christian can be imagined.

"Who is thaU" said one of them with unconcealed hostility as'

he saw the haspital assistant in our caravan. ., He looks like a Per- sian." ,:, "Oh, no," replied the camel- man who. had the uncomfortable job of taking us in, "he is an Arab from the region of the Dubai, a true Moslem."

"Where is Dubai1" skeptically inquired the Bedouin.

"Dubai," replied the camel man, "is the other side of Bassa, to· the South."

MOSLEMS IN CENTRAL ARABIA S99

." There are no true believers on the other side of the Hassa,"

replied. the man with intensity. "They are infldels, all of them, infidels."

"The Ichwan" have no new theology. They boast that they .are simply returning to the true interpretation of Islam which Ibn HanOOI gave to the world many years ago. "No, indeed," said Bin Saoud, their political and religious head, "They are not a new sect. If they were, we should have exterminated them long ago.

They are simply returning to true Islam, which the Bedouins have known little about, and the practice of which they have outrag- oously neglected." They have no organization. There is no head, no initiation ceremony, no hierarchy. Mysticism in religion to them is anathema. Their theology is the farthest removed from it. Nei- .

ther in origin nor in belief, !for in organization have they anything'

in common with the Dervish orders that have been such a power in North llfrica. .

lls a testimony to the present vitality imd strength of Islam, this movement is worth our study. It offers nothing in the way of worldly pleasures or advantage. No country rich in easy loot is to be invaded. There is no new mystical theology to fascinate empty hearts, and no powerful organization to direct an efficient campaign for the winning of men. Here is a movement which has aheady captured the hearts of tens of thousands of the Bedouins and stirred in them a devotion which seems to know absolutelv no liInit. It is a movement which has nothing to offer except the r~wards of the next world, which has no arguments except the inherent power of the religious ideas it p.resents, and no organizlJ,tion or method, e~cept the spontaneous enthusiasm of its devotees.

What effect is iUo have on the evangelization of llrabia1 In the first place it is a call to prayer. Those men have not been brought nearer to Christ by the movement. The vision of the Church of Christ taking form among the Bedouins seems faint and far awa.y.

The Gospel probably has no such fierce and uncompromising enemies in' the whole of llrabia as these same Bedouins. They are more cruel than before. The pride of their fanatical hearts is past all description. The springs of brotherly love seem quite dried up, ex- cept toward those of the Brotherhood. He must be a strange Chris- tian who can witness such a phenomenon unmoved,-the hearts of a nation hardened to stone against Christ and against His Truth, almost overnight.

llnd there is nothing to anticipate from human governments in the way of help. Quite the contrary. Bin Saoud«' sits as ruler over Nejd, and the shereef sits in Mecca as ruler of the holy cities, but they know as everyone knows, that the Ichwan rule llrabia, and the … Bin Saoud has recently been killed in Central Arabia. This will have a great intluence on the future of political and religious affairs in the Pettlnsula.-EDIt'OR.

man who has their support is King. While his son was making a great impression in Paris, the shereef himself was ignominiously , defeated, driven from Taif even, and compelled to flee for safety clear to Jiddan. The newspapers doubtless will credit his defeat to the ambitions of Bin Baoud; a rival ruler, but the truth is far other- wise. The shereef was foolish enough to cross swords with the Ichwan. It is safe to say that he 'Will hesitate a long time before he attempts it again. Whatever European Power becomes respon- sible for the peace and tranquility of Arabia will soon learn that to stir up the Ichwan is to kindle a tremendous conflagration. Peace at practically any price must of necessity be their policy, and except as God rules otherwise, we have nothing to expect from them except opposition and hindrance to all efforts to evangelize inland Arabia. , But the outlook is not hopeless, far from it. Indeed it takes no abnormal or fanciful faith to believe that in this way God is shutting off a part of the Arab race from the destructive influence of modern civilization, till such a time as His own truth in Christ shall prepare them to make their own splendid contribution to His completed King- dom; and not only is the end discernible to the eye of faith, but the means are in our hands. These Bedouins, although about as fanatical as human beings are capable of becoming, are still perhaps the most susceptible to real democratic human friendship of any people in the world. It is interesting and at the same time terribly pathetic, to see them slowly thaw out, as they come into contact with the friendly messenger of Christ. They come for medicines, and even for opera- – tions, and they learn to be very friendly. They admit that if these associations were reported against them, in their own tribes, it would mean immediate death, and they dare not recognize the infidel doctor on the street, however much they may owe to his skill. Last year for a month and a half, these stern, fanatical, grizzled war horses of Islam came for all sorts of medical treatment to the improvised hospital in Riadh. At first they were very cautious about jeopardizing their souls for the sake of their bodies, but in the six weeks of our visit, prejudiCe of that sort seemed to melt away, and when the time came to return, we left behind us' sincere friends who regretted our depart- ure, and a community that will rejoice over our return.

And so it comes to pass that in the face of a revival of fana,tical orthodox Mohammedanism, such as the world has not seen for a hundred and fifty years, the messenger of Christ is welcome in the capital city of that faith, as he never has been before. Indeed the permission to set up permanent work seems almost within our grasp. It is a time to pray. "Who is sufficient for these things T Our suf- ficiency is from God, who also made us sufficient."

COLONY, PHII,IPPINE ISLANDS, WHERE THERE ARE OVER 4.000

The Largest Leper Colony in the World BY WILLIAM M. DANNER, NEW YORK Secretary of the American Mission to L epers U NCLE Sam's" leper colony in Culion, Philippine Islands, is . the largest. and best conducted leper ~olony in the worl?: l!n- der the gUIdance of Dr. Long, the Director of the PhIlIppine Health Service, we sailed from Manila to Culion in the Governor General's boat. Ii Culion, where eleven years ago the American Leper Colony was established, is an island with beautiful tree-covered hills and valleys with luxuriant vegetation. Vegetables and fruits, gorgeous flowers and birds of gay plumage brighten the dark green of the forests.

Dr. O. :m. Denny, Chief of the Colony and efficient physician in charge, escorted us on our tour of inspection. The first Bala.la (Clean Section) contains the Administration Building. Two Span- . ish Catholic priests of the Jesuit Order and one lay brother reside in the house of the padres in the Balala. They hold religious services in achapel, which is a part of the building, for the benefit of the non-leprous employees and visitors. Two modern buildings of rein": forced concrete are the quarters for the Filipino non-leprous laborers, and the kitchen and bake-shop where their food is prepared. Ap- Dir:Ct!:eofaH~aJ~h~1i~j~r~fu~ s~.ml.er P~b~~osiI::l~~reS~e:!.i~~; t~r.L~'!d)rR~I~~r!~·o!~b~sf!ta~n~ Director of Health, Captain,U. S. A. P. H. S. ; Dr. H. W. -Wade, Biologist, Bureau of Science, Manila; _Rev. Bruce S. Wright. Pastor Union Church. Manila; Rev. Marvin A. Rader, D. Dot Supt. Mani~ District M. E. Church;; Rev. lames B..Rod,.ers, D. D., See'y Union Theological S~ina". and Professor in Tbeology; Mr. Harol H . Peterson, ATm.lt: Y. M. C. A. See'y India National Coun- ~~~IJ!:'~s~~I~~~n~I!7S~~~ 't!~~r'p~Dr;:bb~~ Bi:"~~n ~:d ~~;:e~ ~~rH.nSS ; AD~~~~tJ.U~cle:r, Chiengmai, Siam; .W. M. Danner, Mrs. Danner, Lois Danner.

601

proximately one thousand loaves of bread are baked daily for the leper colony. The Culion colony is the abode of 4,440 lepers. We were met at the border line by several hundred of them with two brass bands. The glad faces of the lepers whom we saw gave little indication that they were a population of incurably. sick people. Maimed bodies attested the fact, yet for the leper population of the Philippines life has changed for the better through the establishment of this colony. One great factor in the more hopeful mental attitude of the patiellts at Culion is the recognition by the Government that these people have ~ants and cravingslike those 9f more fortunate persons. .A new club house is designed to provide for the 'social needs of the colony, and has a main assembly room, a library and reading room. Surround- ing these rooms, a large open air veranda affords ample space for rec- reation.

We were interested to see the palm surrounded Protestant chap- el, with its open bamboo sides. Inside, a neat and intelligent looking congregation had assembled. They 'had decorated the church with festoons of brilliant flowers, small flags and banners. Over the pul- pit were the words in the Filipino language, "Now abideth Faith, Hope and Love."

The Spanish church, which is nothing more nor less than a for- tress, was built about two hundred years ago by the Spaniards and Filipinos as a protection against Moro pirates. The interior fittings were almost entirely made by the lepers. The leper organist is a young man of twenty-one years. The hospitals are modern rein- forced concrete buildirigs of two stories, havin~ accommodatiJns for . four hundred bed patients. The good air provided through the prop- er ventilation of the building, the good food, giving a balanced diet, the pleasant faces of the nurses-all produced as cheerful an aspect as could be possible in this haven for sick people. There is one phy- sician, who maKes rounds daily, eight. French and Belgian Sisters of Charity who visit the hospital twice a. day for periods of about four hours eaell, and forty leper nurses who are on full time. These last receive as compensation $1.50, gold, per month each. One nurse has handled over 400 clinic cases a day.

It is estimated that about ten per cent of the population of Culion need hospital care. The beds were all occupied, showing that nearly all requiring this service had consented to live within hospital walls. Such unfortunates formerly roamed at will over the Philippine Is- lands, wretched Slufferers ~ith no protection for themselves and a ' menace to the healthy community. The patients are cared for in six well ventilated wards or pavilions, to which are attached a special diet kitchen, a special dispen~ary, baths and toilets. Medical supplies and bandages are sent down from Manila. In the "Negative" House were five happy and apparently wen people, expecting soon to

THE LARGEST LEPER COLONY IN THE WORLD

be sent out on parole. The residential district of the colony is com- po.sed of a series of dwellings of va.rious types of construction, largely of native materials-bamboo and nipa-arranged from the base of the hill to the top around circular roads. There is a wonderful view from the highest point. In a part of the colony known as Worcester Plaza, there is an open air theatre, built of reinforced concrete, anq somewhat resembling a Chinese pagoda. Here the lepers hold home talent theatricals and are given cinematograph entertainments. Some . fine local talent is available for these entertainments-a tenor soloist, a fine violinist, several w~ play the church organ, three orches- tras, and a band of twenty-five pieces. About twenty-five cents each APPROACHING CULION. THE ROMAN CNl'HOLIC CHAPEL IS ON THE HIGHEST POINT is paid an orchestra for special music and every funeral service must have its band.

Five large reinforced concrete tenement houses each have aCCOlIrmodations for sixty unmarried young Filipinos. This plaza is reached from thelower level by a large and artistic cement stairway. As we descended the stairway, we saw at its base a general leper kitchen in which is cooked the ration for such of the people as do not care to prepare their own meals. The patients in the colony arc given the privilege of receiving cooked or raw rations, and they HfH've the food according to their own tastes.

The diet has been figun·d out after much thought and is helieved to be an exceptiona]]y well-halance~ ration for the healthy Filipino. It is composed of rice and fresh fish, frf'sh meat, freshly baked bread, chocolat-e, coffee, also tea, but in small portions, larel, and various

other smaller articles. Fish and produce which the people have to sell are bought at government rate and issued back as rations. A general' issue of fish was in progress as we passed through; 2200 pounds being needed to supply the colony for one day."

The lepers' post office receives all mail from them to the outside world. T,his correspondence, before leaving the colony, is passed through formaldehyde gas disinfection. In the second story of the buil,ding is a consultation office where the Chief of the colony daily meets lepers who have complaints to make or who desire information, regarding their prG-Vincial affairs. In this office also the Chief acts as '~Justice of the Peace." In ano,ther part of the building is a large store, run by the government, in which the leper can buy at practically wholesale prices any article he may desire.

Naturally, in im enterprise conducted by the American Gov- ernment, a good school is maintained in whreh the common branches are taught, the pupils heing carried up to the seventh grade. There is also industrial work, including bamboo basket weaving, hat weav- ing, and embroidery. Every trade is' represented in the village.

There are, for instance, barbers, tailors, sandal-makers, and pho- tographers. It taxes the imagination to visualize the tremendous dif- ference thatthese things make in the life and outlook of the villagers, the comfort and satisfaction imparted through useful oecllpation; and.

as the mind is awakened, the interest aroused, the hope inspired, what a blessed change from the former-not life, but mere wretched, color- less, existence in which was nothing but suffering! .

The non-leprous section of the island contains the most hopeful, and yet perhaps, the most pathetic, of all the sights of the island. This was the house, situated on a higher level, for children born of leper parents, who have been isolated in the hope that they may not develop the disease. The building is a new, reinforced concrete structure, bright and cheerful. Here we saw forty babies, ranging in age from six months to five years, joyous, active, little bodies whom one might think were normal children. Well and happy thej are now, but no one can tell what the future may hold for them. Two of the children who showed signs of the disease were returned to the leper colony. Children who after a period of not less than two years of observation show no signs of the dreadful sickness are delivered to their grandparents or other relatives, ill the Provinces. There is no mother-care for these little children. Somewhere in the leper portion of the colony there are the aching, longing hearts of those who have had to give them up; but they are well cared for by three nurses, fine Protestant girls from the Manila training schools, who '

• • A bread called tiki"iki now made at the Bureau of Science i. found -to be very beneficial in treating cases of beri-beri, a disease due t9 the absence of vitamines in the food. Cases of beriberi were discovered among the lepers, but with a change to unpolished rice diet the disease disappeared. 1920] THE LARGEST LEPER COLONY IN THE WORLD 605 INSIDE THe HOSPITAL AT CULlON, P. 1.

are assisted in the eare of the hou!)e by nne servants; none of whom, of course, are lepers.

The house of the Sisters of Charity is a reinforced concrete bulld-.

ing containing a chapel. Adjoining this is the site of the new dwelling for the Chief of the colony.

Daily sessions are held in the Leper's Court and here everything pertaining to the life and work of the colony is discussed. Dr. Denny is the chief officer and in his veto power directs and overrules any- thing that would militate against· the good of the colony. The faet that the use of the veto power is seldom needed is a tribute to the good order and harmony prevailing, and this harmony, in turn, bears nne testimony to the sympathy and skill with which the colony, with all its diverse elements, is governed. The patients come to Culion from all parts of the Philippines and among the tribes represented in the colony are Visayan, Tagalog, Ilieano, Bicolano, nongo and Moro.

And the Moros are Mohammedan ~ Add to these English and Ameri- cans, and imagine, if you can, the taet required to bring about and maintain harmonious living in the community! _ At four 0 'clock we gathered in the Protestant church where in the native tongue Dr. Rogers and Dr. Rader had IIIready preached to the congregation-many of them fine looking and well dressed""::and administered communion; and who now interpreted brief addresses by Ur:McKean and Mr. Danner. The pastor of the church was baptIzed by Dr. Rader in 1903 and was made a loeal preacher. He voluritarilyhelped in the church work until he contracted leprosy and was obliged to come to Culion. The superintendent of the Sundayschool was-also a parishioner oiDr. Rader, and when he found he had the disease, went to his pastor in order to hide, that the officers might not take him. Dr. Rader persuaded him that the best thing was to go to the Island and find his life work there. There are now 158 mem- bers of this Protestant church and at their last meeting:two women were recommended for deaconesses. The value of eva.ngelistic work is very evident here where more than half the membership have been converted through the church's ministrrution. They have a Sunday School, a Christian Endeavor and a Women 'sSociety. '.

The total expense for the patients in Culion is abont $500,000 per year~. that is, $110.00 fO,reach leper,-but this includes school for the children.and for the younger .people as weUas foo<i .and clothing for all the other patients. A special COiD of aluminum is used -'for' local currency from one-half cent to fifty cents, in~luding a twenty-cent piece. This coin is not received outside the hiand. ..

In the entire journey through the Culion colony, covering miles and miles of streets and paths, no dirt or filth of any kind was encountered,and no more odor than would be perceiVf~d in an average New England village. Perfect sanitation and the treatment of the, leper in a normal way, recognizing the fact that he is a human being who – deserves humalle treatment and sympathy, seem to have been kept in mind by the good doctors, who lovingly and efficiently care for the needs of these unfortunate people.

THE PROTESTANT CHAPEL ' (TO T.EFT) AT CULION, P . I.

A CLASS OF TRAINED C'HRISTIAN FILIPINO TEACHERS, PANAY, P. I

Sunday-School Work in the Philippines REV. A. L. RYAN, MANILA, PHILIPPINES Superintendent of Religious Education, Philippines F OR TWENTY-ONE years "Uncle Sam" has been performing . the task of a faithful trustee. A stable government, courts of justice, industrial development, better health conditions, universal education, political equality and religious liberty,-these are a few of the benefits accruing under. the stars and stripes. Three million young people have come in contact with the public school system as a result of which illiteracy has been reduced from 95 per cent to 30 per cent! Such a record stands unexampled in the annals of colonial history. Its missionary bearing i~ readily apparent.

Patriotic Americans point with pride to such achievements. But these alone cannot make democracy safe. The Church must come to the rescue. It must keep pace with the State. The vast army of young people coming up through the schools must have moral and spiritual ballast if leadership is to be safe for the future.

It is a conservative estimate to say that at least fifty per cent of the young people in the Philippine high schools are without 6Q7

knowledge of the Bible; and are adrift without any religious a:h- chorage. Skepticism is already making its inroads. During the war there was mobilized~n the Manila Training Camp a contingency of 20,000 Filipino soldiers. Religious work was immediately launched under the joint auspices of the Y. M. C. A.

and the Protestant missionary forces. One Sunday morning, :{ asked a group of 800 of these young soldiers: "How many of you never saw a Bible before coming to this plaee ¥" Fully fifty per cent raised their hands in response. Here is a task for religious education, overwhelming in its scope.

Two years ago the "Brothers of 99" Bible Class was organ- ized in the Manila Student Church, with a membership of thitty- five. Through a systematic three months' campaign for new mem-'

bers among their fellow SJtudents, the enrolment and' attendance grew until one Sunday there were present 717 men by actual count.

Consider the significance of a movement like that in terms of future nation building. The Pathfinder Class at MaIolo is made up of high school students. The best of the Malolos High School are Pathfind- ers. The President of the Pathfinders, a Junior in high school, had never seen a Bible before joining the class. He has become a great.

enthusiast. Under his leadership the class grew to a membership of seventy. Through their evangelistic committee, fifty people" have been brought into the memberlthip of the Church.

The strategic approach to this challenging opportunity is the recruiting and training of a consecrated leadership. The Union TheologiCal Seminary in Manila. is one of our most important insti- tutions. Six denominations cooperate. About sixty young men from the various missions are here preparing to go out as.prophets of righteousness and builders of the Kingdom of God. The train- ing schools for women are equally productive sources for Christian workers. . .

During a decision day service, Marcela, a pretty little girl in a r.ed dress, wanted verY' much to join the Church. Some of the elders expressed their doubts as to the wisdom of it, as her parents were thought to be opposed to the Evangelicals. But as the pastor thought it would be right, the little girl rwas welcomed into the fellowship. This is what happened later. On Monday night the little girl in her red dress came to the evangelistic meeting with her father by her side. When the invitation was given he came forward. On Tuesday night she brought her mother, who also united. Little Marcela was nine years old.

A nine days' institute was in session during which the evenings were given over to evangelistic meetings. Ulpiano, the local pastor, was praying for a hundred conversions. One day it was reported that Brother Ulpiano had become so zealous that he made fifteen pastoral calls between 5 and 7: 30 0 'clock in the morning-a

TO SUNDAY SCHOOL IN THE PHILIPPINES'

609

thing entirely appropriate in a land of early risers. It is not difficult, for the Lord to answer the prayers of that kind of a man. It was, therefore, no surprise when at the close of the meetings, the following announcement was made: "Total new members received 112, 30 young men, 10 young women, 20 children and the rest fathers and mothers." The majority of these were first reached through the Sunday-school and its influence.

Another movement which is contributing' to the forces of leadership is the teacher training work of Sunday-schools. Four hundred young people durJng the past three years have bein enrolled in standard courses similar to those followed in the states. The effect of this is felt throughout the Islands. Officers and teachers have multiplied, the Sunday-school membership of th'e Islands has grown to 60,000 while hundreds are added to the Church every year, coming up through the channels of the Sunday-school.

The government has invested millions for the secular education of the youth. Why should we not give commensurate attention to that which is:most fundamental of all,-the training and development of Christian character f Twenty years ago America sent 1,000 teachers to launch a system of education. Meanwhile 12,000 Filipino teachers have been trained, who are now doing the major part of the task. Suppose that the Church in the early days had been able to launch its program on a similar scale1 It staggers the imagination to think what might have been achieved. And why '"hould we not~ Is not our fask of even greater significance?

We have a definite program. An interchurch religious educational budget for the Islands has been prepared and has received the hearty endorsement of the Executive Committee of the Philippine Islands' Sunday School Union, an authoritative, representative body made up from the various missions. It provides for native specialists for teacher training, institutes, departmental work,' lit~ erature development and also for a number of general native secretaries for pushing Sunday-school work in the variou!3 dialects. It calls for the sum of $27,000 a year, besides a fund of $40,000 to erect and equip a modern church school building in Manila to / become a laboratory in religious education for our Seminary and t.raining school students. It will also make possible a program of week day religious instruction, correlated with the public schools.

Singh-The Christian

The R emat'kable story of a Sikh, who became a Christian Evangelist BY DELAVAN t. PIERSON E ASTERN ideas of holiness differ from those Q/. the West and the ideal of the r eligious "holy man" as it is accepted in India is very different from that found in America.

gach has something to contribute to the other. A truly rema:..-kable ~an has recently come to Amer- jca from India. He represents a mode of life and service that is perhaps more nearly akin to the'

(xampJe of Jesus Christ during His earthly ministry than is seen in the outward life of any other living man. This Indian Christian devotee interprets the oriental Jesus in an oriental way. Possi- bly some of his ideas are im- practical for adopt.ion by modern Christians of the West, and ' no doubt the remarkable stories of Sadhu Sundar Singh in New York. with • some of his experiences must be Young Friend. Robert Hume, whose fath er and looked upon in the light ora high- gnndfather have been missionaries in India· ly color€d oriental mystical nature. Some that seem to him real physical experiences may have been psychical. None are impossible; but they seem improbable as interpreted literally. Nevertheless, the Sadhu is a remarkable man, has had some wonderful experiences; and may teach us in the West some useful lessons, as he has already be~n a messenger of Christ to thousands of his own country- men.

Sadhu Sundar Singh has recently visited Great Britain, where he has spoken to crowded houses. He ·attracted much attention by his fine personality, his notable figure, and unusual costume. He is a Sikh of the finest type, stands six feet in height, goes barefooted and dressed in a long flowing saffron robe, with scarf and turban to match. He is only about thirty~one years old-the age of Jesus Christ when He began His ministry. His attractive smile, his hand- some face, with dark beard and hair and black' eyes, and his easy manner make him a marked figure in any company. Crowds follow 611'

him and children are drawn to him. The Dauy Express, in a report of . the Sad,hu and of his visit to London, says: "Every inch of available floor space in St. Matthew's Church, Westminster, was filled when the Sadhu entered the pulpit to preach his first se~on in England. Women of all ages and classes predominated in the overflowing congregation. The Sadhu delivered his sermon in short, impassioned sentences. His staccato phrases were accompanied by plentiful gestures, and his English was beyond reproach, although jt is only a year since he first spoke the language. The address was full of rich allegory and illustrative parable, drawn froIq scenes of familiar life in the East."

The Sadhu is now making a brief visit to America to consult with Christian leaders and to bear witness to Christ.

In India the sadhus are religious men,-similar to the Jewish Nazarites,-who renounce the world and its allurements. They are revered by all classes, and have the freedom of all India. They have no home and carry no money, so that the Hindus consider it an act of merit to g~ve them food and shelter. The sadhus have long been a familiar sight in India, pl'acticing ansterities such as swinging over a fire, lying on spikes, holding up the right arm, or burying their heads in the ground. Many are filthy, and some are frauds, but others are sincere and are truly seeking God. "For three thousand y!ilars," says Dr. Farquhar, "the ascetics of India have stood forth, a speaking testimony to the supremacy of the spiritual." When this ideal'is niade Christian-a renunciation for the sake of Christ and for mankind-it is a truly noble attainment.

The story of Sundar Singh is told by Mrs. Arthur Parker, a London Missionary [Society missionary of Travancore, India, who knows the Sadhu personally aud has heard of his adventures from his own lips. " Her Story is corroborated by the Sadhu himself,.

The Sikhs, from which nation Sundar Singh comes, arose in the sixteenth century in the Punjab as a religious sect which aimed to lead men back to purer worship. Its followers suffered many persecutions and later it became an organized military power, determined to avenge its wrongs. The father of Sundar Singh was Sirdar Sher Singh, a wealthy land owner in Rampur, Patiala, Punjab. Sundar was born on September 3d, 1889, and was brought up in lUXUry. He was the youngest son of the family,one brother being the commander of an Indian force and others having also risen to distinction. His mother was a refined and gifted lady, on friendly terms with American Presbyterian mission ladies, who visited in her home. She early inspired her son with the thought that some day he would become a holy sadhu, and taught him the be~t things she knew. At the age of seven he had learned the whole of the Bhagavadgita in Sanskrit. He accompanied his mother from his < * This story has just been pub1ished by the Fleming H. Revell Co., New York.

SUNDAR SINGH, THE CHRISTIAN SADHU

earliest years on her visits to temples, and saw her reverence for hoiy men. She died when Sundar was fourteen, but hE' has never lost the influence of her companionship, or the religious spirit which she had instilled in him.

After his mother's death, Sundar Singh began to seek peace of soul in the sacred books of India. He read the Grantha of the sikhs, and also the Koran, often poring over them at night, while others of the family were asleep. Many passages he learned by heart. But none of these, his mother's faith, the sadhus, the priests and the sacred books, brought him peace. He was sent to the Presbyterian mission school in his village, and there was taught from the Ohristian Bible. He heard things that aroused his antagonism, and when he read the New Testament his horror was increased by finding that it teachings were contrary to those of his own religion. He became the ringleader of a group ·of boys who hated Ohristianity, and openly tore up and burned copies of the Bible. Abhorring Ohrist, Sundar again turned to his own sacred books. His antagonism to Ohristian teaching led to his being taken from the mission school and sent to a government school. He had to walk three miles and back each day in the sun and this so told on his health that he was sent back to the mission school. There he once more came into touch with Ohristianity, and listened to the teachings of the Bible. His antagonism to Ohrist was so strong that if the shadow of a missionary fell across him he spent a whole hour in washing away the pollution.

Sundar was seeking Bhanti, or satisfaction of soul, but was only going further and further into darkness. Finally, in despair of finding what he sought in his own religion, he decided to search the Ohristian book. When he read the words of Ohrist: "Oome unto Me * * * and I will give you rest," his attention was arrested, and with a new attitude of heart, he read the story of the Oross. Its wonder grew upon him and he sought light from the Ohristian teacher. The father learned of the change in his son's attitude but ignored it, being confidenf that he was fortified by his early training. Sundar read the story of the Gospel again and was attracted by John 3: 16, with its new revelation of the character of God and the way of salvation. He longed to know the God of Love, and one night determined to find peace before dawn, either by discovering the secret of the more abundant life, or by flinging himself before the railroad train that ran near his home. In true Hindu fashion, he bathed, took his New Testament and retired to his own room to read. Just before dawn he says that he seemed to see a bright cloud filling the room, and to recognize the figure and face of Ohrist. Peace came to his soul, and he rose from his knees, full of joy, went to his father's room and told him that he was a Ohristian. Thinking this was but a passing fancy, his father sent the boy back to bed.

The next day Sundar Singh knew from the joy and peace in his soul that Jesus Christ was a living presence with him, and he began to tread the way of the Cross. The proud Sikh family could not believe that the youngest son was an adherent of the despised Christian sect. At first the father sought to reason and to tenderly urge his boy to give up such foolish and dishonorable thoughts. He pointed out the prospects of wealth and honor that lay before him as a sikh, and then showed the shame and disgrace involved in his becoming a Christian. He appealed to the Jove that Sundar bore his mother, and besought him not to bring reproach upon her memory. The temptation, like the temptation of his Master, was severe, but Sundar remained firm. The father sent the lad off to visit a rich uncle, who took him into a dark cellar and showed him vast wealth which he promised if he would renounce Christ. The boy was tempted by this vision of earthly power, even as his Master was tempted in the wilderness, but the figure of the Saviour seemed to come up before him, and love for Him shut out all else. Failing to persuade the boy or to tempt him into a renunciation of Christ, the father took the case into the law courts, charging the missionaries with using some evil method' of inducing Sundar to accept Christianity. The boy's clear and fearless testimony, however, caused the case to be dismissed.

Sundar was taken from the mission school, which was closed soon aftetward because of the persecution and boycotting that ensued. At home, his awn brother became his bitterest enemy, heaping upon him and his Master the foulest abuse. The hostility of the village became so fierce that the Christian community withdrew to more friendly quarters. The storm increased around the friendless lad until he fled to the Presbyterian Mission at Ludbiana, and there he continued his education. Finding that his fellow students were far from his ideal as Christians, he returned home, but put himself finally outside th~ pale of his old religion by cutting off his hair, which the sacred book of the Sikhs requires to be kept long. This caused Sundar to be treated as an outcaste, an "untouchable," and he was obliged to eat and to sleep outside of the house. All this the boy of sixteen endured for his Saviour's sake.

As a last resort, Sundar's brother-in-law took him before the Rajah of Nabba, and the State Durbar (Assembly), where glowing offers were made to persuade him to give up being a Christian dog, and to remain a Sikh lion (singh). He' refused to recant, and on his return home the pent up anger of his father broke loose. The son was cursed, disQlWlIled and cast out with only enough money to take him to Patiala by rail. As Sundar sat in the train he remembered a little colony of Christians in Ropur, and by the providence of God he was led to go there to the house of the Christian Indian pastor. Soon after his arrival, he was taken violently ill and it was discovered

that he was suffering from poison mixed with his food before he left home. A physician who was called in pronounced the case hope- less, and went away to make preparations for the funeral. AI' the boy lay in mortal agony, his strength ebbing fast, he began to pray – to God to raise him up that he might witness for Christ. When the physician returned in the morning he was so sU1"prised at the ap- parent miraculous recovery of the boy that he asked for a copy of the New Testament and began to study it. Ultimately,he became a Christian, and is now working as a medical missionary in Burma.

On his recovery Sundar returned to Ludhiana, and though sev- eral attempts were made on his life, all these trials only added beauty and strength to his character. For his protection he was sent to the American Medical Mission at Sabathu to continue his studies. There he was baptized on his birthday, September 3, 1905, by Rev. J, Redman, of the Church of England at Simla.

The young man's heart was filled with a desire to preach Christ, and on October 6, thirty-three days after his baptism, he adopted the saffron robe and turban of a Christian sadhu, discarded shoes and sandals, and taking his New Testament went out to begin his career as an itinerant Christian evangelist.

He desired to follow Christ as literally as he knew how-an Asiatic devotee following an Asiatic Messiah. He did not take up this life to gain merit for himself, but to win men to Christ.

A few months after his rejection by his family, he appeared again on the streets of Rampur, his home village, and testified to Christ and his new-found joy. From house to house he went, telling the same wonderful story, fearlessly passing from village to village in the Punjab, making his way toward Afghanistan and Kashmir. He chose the difficult and dangerous fields where Christ was not known, and endured many hardships and sufferings. The cold pierced his thin mantle, the stones and thorns cut his feet, and many a night he spent in caves or jungles, hungry and cold. But nothing discouraged him, and for thirteen years he has continued this sacrificial life, preaching the Gospel to men and women in plain and mountain, city and village, and among scattered tribes gf the Punjab, Kashmir, Tibet, Afghanistan and Baluchistan. The Sadhu ex;plains his purpose in living this life of ari eastern devotee by saying that a Hindu will not drink from a foreign vessel, even if dying of thirst, but will readily take it from a native bowl. Already multitudes who have refused to accept the Gospel from foreigners and from foreignized Indians have accepted it from the Chri'stian sadhu. All castes and classes, and even zenanas are open to him in his saffron robes.

Sadhu Sundar Singh wanders over the length and breadth of India, enduring the cold of the north and the heat of the plains, in perpetual poverty and ready to speak of Christ to anyone whom he may meet, and to minister to anyone in need. Wearing no shoes,

his bleeding feet attract men to Jesus Christ. Everywhere he carries a small New Testament in Urdu, and from that proclaims the Gospel of forgiveness of sin, and the necessity for new life in Christ.

In 1906, the sadhu met a wealthy young American missionary, Mr. Samuel Stokes of Philadelphia, who was staying near Kotgarh, and this young man was so impressed by Sundar Singh's character and life that he also became a sadhu. Night and day these two young men traveled from place to place, preaching the Gospel. In 1907 they went to work in the Leper Asylum at Sabathu, and later to minister in the plague camp at Lahore. In 1909, they formed the "Brotherhood of the Imitation of Jesus," which was inaugurated with a solemn service in the Lahore Cathedral. Sadhu Sundar Singh was licensed to preach by the Diocesan Mission Council, but after some time as a worker in the Church Missionary Society he returned his license to Bishop Lefroy in order that he might be unhampered in his movements as an itinerant evangelist. From that time the sadhu has gone freely among all classes and creeds, doing a great work among non-Christians allover India.

An educated gentleman of the Arya Somaj relates that one day he met the Christian Sadhu going up. a mountain pass. Curiosity prompted him to follovv: the Sadhu to the next village to see what he would do there. He saw him sit down upon a log and after wiping the perspiration from his face, begin to sing a Christian hymn.

Soon a crorwd gathered and he began to speak to them of Christ.

This angered some of the villagers and one man dealt the Sadhu so.

severe a blow that he felled him to the ground and cut his hand and cheek. Without a word the Sadhu bound up his wound and with blood flowing down his cheek prayed for his enemies. This act and the message that followed not only led. the gentleman of the Arya Somaj into the Light, but led Kripa Ram, the villager who had dealt the blow, to confess Christ by baptism.

The Sadhu relates many wonderful experiences and deliverances, some of which border on the miraculous. For example he describes a period of forty days of fasting; a deliverance after three days from a dark well in which he had been thrown in Tibet; sharing a cave with a leopard; lying in a hutr,with a deadly serpent coiled up in his robe and being ferried over a river by a mysterious boatman. He is particularly successful in winning his fellow countrymen to Christ.

He does not attack the non-Christian religions but spends his time in testifying to his own failure to find peace in those religions and his joy and satisfaction in Christ. He believes that India is waiting for the Messiah and says that there are some secret Christian sects that under proper circumstances will come out holdly and confess Christ. The Sadhu's own father has recently been converted through the influence of his son's life and testimony but he has not yet been baptized into the Christian Church. .

a Century in

BY REV. JAMES SIBREE, D. D., BROMLEY, KENT, ENGLAND MISSIONARY work in Madagascar was greatly affected during the war by the withdrawal of many Malagasy to serve in the Allied armies. Special help was required for those who had gone to serve in France and for the dependents who were left at home. In these contributions the Protestant congregations everywhere gave very generously. Notwithstanding this extra demand upon their resources, and the increase in price of food and labor and material, the native churches continued to give more for their own institutions, in the support of the pastorate and the misionary work carried on in the semi-heathen districts of the island, and especially in giving money to lighten the burden hitherto chiefly borne by the London Missionary Society.

According to the most recent reports, I]luch good, steady work has been done among the churches. The Sunday schools show encouraging results, and as usual, the women have been to the fore in the activities of the churches. The policy of fostering the spirit of independence in the native congregations, and gradually throwing more responsibility on the Malagasy Christians themselves has been followed; so that the churches are more and more supporting their own pastors, and so depending less than before on native evangelists supported chiefly by mission funds. But even with a better trained and more enlightened pastorate, the churches need a good deal of supervision, which is now almost impossible to give on account of the depleted missionary staff.

A very encouraging feature of Malagasy character has been shown in the consistent Christian conduct of many of the native soldiers sent to France to take their part in the great struggle for righteousness. There were more than 40,000 Malagasy with the French armies at the western and eastern fronts. Half of them belonged to, Protestant churches, and had been brought up in the schools of the British, Norwegian Lutheran, and French missions. All chaplains who visited them at the front, or in the camps, report that their officers were unanimous in acknowledging the firmness of the moral character of the Malagasy Christians.

One chaplain wrote: "I am in daily contact with a group of Malagasy soldiers, of whom 150 or 160 are Protestants. Two of them are native evangelists, who are valuable fellow-workers with me; they have a real and living piety. When I am away, they never.

617

neglect holding with their comrades the daily evening services and the Sunday service. The French officers and soldiers have been struck with the fact that the Protestant Malagasy boys, wherever they are, faithfully perform their religious duties and provide for their own worship in a way that. shows a religious education strongly rooted. They distinguish themselves by their sobriety; their obedience, and their gentleness. They drink only coffee and tea, and I have never heard of any case of drunkenness, in spite of many temptations and the example, alas, of their white brothers."

The comradeship of the English native with the French in the great war, has brought some better feeling in the attitude of. the French authorities in Madagascar toward English mission work, although there are still certain restrictions in our ,work which ought not to exist, considering how much France is indebted to England for its help in their great struggle with Germany.

The circumstances already alluded to with regard to the Malagasy themselves, and the mission staffs of all the societies at work in the island, and especially the disturbing influence of the four and a half years of war, have prevented the different missions, so far, {rom carrying out schemes of advance into heathen districts which· were planned in an influential conference of all the Protestant missions held at ,the Capital in October, 1913. The London Missionary Society Directors hope that during this year the Antsihauaka provincefrom 100 to 160 miles north of the Capital-will be occupied again by English missionaries. This district was worked by missionaries between the years 1875 to 1896, but after the French conquest of Madagascar, it was committed to the care of the native Society, and sixteen Malagasy evangelists have been stationed there and in other northern parts of the island. Latterly, a Roman Catholic mission has been commenced among the Sihanaka people, and it is of such a strong and aggressive character that the Malagasy feel the need of European help, so it is desirable to have English missionaries stationed again amongst the Protestant churches. It is hoped that one of the missionaries will be a fully qualified and long-experienced doctor, Dr. C. F. A. Moss, to carry on medical mission work.

The year 1918 was memorable because of two important celebrations; the first being the Centenary of the Introduction of Protestant Christianity into the island, since it was in August 18th, 1818, that David Jones and Thomas Bevan first landed at Tamatave. On that day in 1918, which happened to be a Sunday, thanksgiving services were held in practically every Protestant church throughout Madagascar, and a large number of united meetings were held during the following week. In the city of Antananarivo and its suburbs, seven such meetings were held at the same hour, and each of the churches was crowded. The chief center of interest, however, was Tamatave, for on account of the speedy death of five members of

AFTER A CENTURY IN MADAGASCAR

that first mission party, Mr. Jones alone surviving, the first attempt to evangelize Madagascar did not extend beyond that seaport. At that place, the meetings were most inspiring, many coming from long distances to pay the tribute of respect to the memory of the two brave pioneer missionaries, and to thank God for the blessings of the Gos- pel. Mr. Evans, secretary of the Imerina District Committee, who represented the Society on the occasion, said, "it was one of the most solemn, reverent, and soul-stirring services I have ever ex- perienced. "

On account of sickness and death, that first attempt to found a mission in Madagascar had to be abandoned for nearly two years.

It was in 1820 that Mr. Jones went up to the interior and began the work in Antananarivo, work which, though largely repressed by twenty-five years' persecution, has never really stopped during the hundred years which have elapsed since then. The London Society missionaries, as well as those of the other Protestant societies, and the Malagasy Christians, are looking forward with great interest and expectation to the Centenary of that real commencement of mission work in the latter part of this year, 1920. It was on Oct. 3rd, 1820, that Mr. Jones reached the Capital, and very soon commenced mis- sion worJr by teaching a little school of three boys!

Next Octobe:t;", therefore, the celebration of the Centenary of the Introduction of Christianity into Imerina will take place, and num- erous meetings will be held, not only in the central provinces, but also wherever Protestant churches have been formed. It has been determined that the London Mission churches should unite in doing something worthy of the event; and there is little doubt that those churches which were mostly founded through L. M. S.agency but are now undEl.r the care of the French Protestant and the Friends'

Missions will also render valuable aid.

It has been decided to erect two Boarding Homes or Hotels in the Capital, one for boys and the other for girls, who are pupils in the High Schools, and are without proper accommodation in the city. In addition to these greatly needed establishments, it was de- cided that the L. M. S. churches should aim at erecting, in conjunction with the other Protestant Missions, a large Assembly Hall in Antananarivo. A commodious building would be of great advantage to Christian work, since for many years past the largest Protestant churches are quite insufficient for the monthly assemblages and other united meetings. .

The Malagasy churches are looking forward with hopefulness and courage to the future; and we may surely ask for the prayers of our American brethren apd sisters, that the coming Centenary cele- brations may be productive of much blessing and mark a much great- er advance of the Kingdom of Christ in Madagascar.

ARGUMENTS FOR MEDICAL

Children And their mothers at the Lolodod Hospita.l, West Africa

Medical Missionary a~ a

W. S. LEHMAN, M. D., LOLODORF, KAMERUN, WEST AFRICA Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

W RILE medical work can be carried on most satisfactorily in a hospital where patients can receive better attention than is possible in their own homes, yet comparatively few can be cared for in this way. In mission lands, the vast majority live so far away that they cannot reach the hospital. They must be treated either in a dispensary or in their homes, or must go without attention.

While going out to give medical and surgical aid to suffering people in their homes-usually unsanitary places-is not ideal from a· medical standpoint, yet from a missionary viewpoint, it is exceedingly fruitful and brings great good to the people, both physically and spiritually.

In the early stage of missionary work, the itinerating brings the people into touch with the missionary, for medical work appeals at once to the sick, and to their friends who are indifferent to the Gospd. The physician can reach them more quickly than anyone else. Pain is no respecter of persons, and it breaks down barriers in the heathen mind, especially when the missionary can relieve it.

There are many people in a pioneer field, like Africa, who would not willingly go to the hospital, lest they be considered friendly to the missionaries, or interested in the Gospel. They do not want to be known as in sympathy with the work, yet in case of sickness, a doctor will be greeted as a friend. People who have refused to have anything to do with us in days of health, are won to Christ in time of sickness. They find that they had an altogether erroneQus idea of what we are attempting to do and teach. It requires a good deal of faith and courage on the part of a superstitious 'person to go of his own free will to a foreigner, to take foreign medicine', and even allow himself to be put under an anesthetic by one who is an utter stranger, both in belief and race. By meeting them half-way and helping them to understand us when we go to visit thrm in their own homes, we are able to reach many careless Hnd indifferent ones.

Visits to native homes in time of sickness give a missionary a sympathy for, and an insight into lives, such as he can get in no other way. It also makr s the people friendly, for even in 621

West Africa, they have enough sense of propriety to know that they should return a call. A doctor may also ask about the sick arid visit them, although often he does not need to inquire, as they are quickly brought to his attention. Such a visit means much to people who have so littl.e in their lives, and who treasure for many weeks the memory of such a meeting. In this way medical missionaries have access to people who will not listen to others. There are in the native churches in Africa, many splendid, earnest Christians, who have been first attracted to -consider the things of God through the visit of a medical missionary.

Medical itinerating is usually difficult, because it is hard for a doctor to leave his hospital. When he has chosen a time, and sent word ahead that he is coming to a certain place, on a certain day, some patients are almost sure to come at the last moment and hold the doctor back. For work in the villages, one must also have the medicines packed, and be sure to have all the· things one will need. Somethrng important is sure to be left behind. On the road, a doctor is always working medically under a handicap.

In Mrica an itinerating missionary must always carry bed and bedding, mosquito nets, food supplies and cooking utensils, and some things to barter for food for the carriers. Loads must be packed to contain not over 60 Ibs. weight, and protected . from rain. It is a great relief when everything is ready and none of the carriers have disappointed you, and you can start off as planned. One is not apt to go far before. there will be people standing along the path asking you to come and see some one who is sick. It is surprising how fast news travels in a country where there is no telegraph, telephone or mail service. The news of the doctor's coming will precede him, especially if he walks or rides a bicycle slowly with the carriers. The doctor is usually greeted very heartily by all, and there will soon be a number of sick peO'ple to examine.

Patience, courtesy and the ability to laugh and make fun should be part of a doctor's equipment. I do not forget prayer, and the other features of our personal Christian life, but I am referring rather to the things we often overlook. Patience used in the right way conserves a doctor's nervous strength, and prevents vain regrets; while the opposite does so much to defeat the very purpose for which we go out to the mission field. It is difficult to sit and listen patiently to the story of some people, but it is the only way we can get hold of some of them, instead of driving them away.

Many of the patients we meet have a good deal of confidence in the native medicine men, who apparently trick the people. For example, the native medicine men treat a very severe headache by applying a poultice to the head. In a short time they remove it, and draw from it a long whisker of a leopard, informing the sufferer

19201 THE MEDICAL MISSIONARY AS A PIONEER AGENCY

that some one has thrown it at him and has thus caused the head- ache. Of course the headache does not disappear with the removal of the hair.

Many natives in the villages have never seen' a white man before, and expect his medicine to work miracles. They think sometimes that medicine should cure at the first dose, and it is difficult to persuade them to take medi.ciue regularly and persist- ently. It is interesting to listen to old men or women graphically describe their symptoms, ·with many expressive gestureR. They follow the "worm" (tracing it by the pain) as it travels from one place in their body to another, and attempt to describe its activities. It is often difficult to separate the truth from exaggeration, for they usually allow their imagination full play.

The itinerating results in bringing people to the hospital for better treatment than they can give themselves at home. We give people we meet in the towns slips of paper on which has been noted their name, the date, and disease, and this serves as a ticket of admission at the station hospital. It is surprising how much confidence this will give the timid person. Tl1e result from treating some slight ailment is often as successful in winning a person to Ohrist, as is recovery from a major operation. The touch of the medical"man in the lives of such people throughout his trip may count for much in winning individuals to the service of Christ. No missionary doctor is a-success who is hot also ali evangelist. Itineration brings one into contact with llew villages, and new faces. Needy, but indifferent people, are led to realize that the missionary is willing to be of real help to them. The missionary has the opportunity in his work to press upon the people their need of Christ, and thus his work is more than a mere philanthropy. If patients leave us without seeing in us something more than a healer and go away without the desire for a better life. we havil failed them and our Master, in a time when they are very suscep- ,tible to the things of God. It is not merely to see broken bodies restored that we work, but to help the people into the new life that enlarges and fills with joy and gladness. the circumscribed exist-, ence of so many in heathen lands.

Heart of the Missionary Message*

BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D., 'CAIRO, EGYPT T HE indifference of great m.asses of men to-day to dogma," writes Mr. Edwin Bevan in the International Review of Missions, "while they still reverence Ohristian ethical ideals, is something which confronts the friends of missions with a problematic situation." He then goes on to show in his article entitled "The Apostolic Gospel," that any attempt to get away from apostolic dogma and go back to .J('sus simply as the revealer of moral value is. an impossibility.

We must either accept the apostolic interpretation of Ohristianity or give up any attempt to set Jesus on an eminence above all' other good men. The cry, "Back to Ohrist," often means "away from Paul and his teaching." The Sermon on the Mount, however, is not the earliest Ohristian document. If we consider the chronology of the New Testament books, it is a striking fact that the doctrinal epistles,-Galatians, Oorinthians, Romans,-were written and circulated among the churches before the Good News was recorded by Mark or Luke. The first letter of Paul to the Corinthians was written 56 A.D.; the common date assigned to Matthew's Gospel is between 70 and 90 A. D.

The Ohristian teaching, therefore, of the Apostles, and the doctrine accepted by the early Ohurch, is to be found not only nor first in the Synoptics, but in the Epistles. They tell us of the finished work of Ohri>t. They give Him the pre-eminence above all; they find the center of their teaching in His death and resurrection; their glory in the Oross.

The apparent foolishness of this message did not disconcert them or lead to compromise. The Jews demanded miracles, and jhe Greeks were mad in their search for philosophy. Paul determined to disregard the wisdom of both worlds, Jew and Gentile, and to proclaim a Ohrist crucified, although a stumbling block to the Jews and foolishness to the Gentiles. In the great resurrection chapter he gives us the theme of his preaching as wen as the hope of his salvation and ours. "I delivered unto you first of all that which I also received, that Ohrist died for our sins according to the Scriptures." In a single sentence he confirms the historicity of the death of Jesus, asserts its fundamental character, and gives its supreme significance. All three of these are today called in question, discounted, or explained away.

* Condensed from a leaflet printed by "The Fellowship of Faith for Moslems." London.

624 In the non-Christian world the teaching of the Cross is still a stumblingblock and foolishness. The Moslf!m, for example, reads in his Koran (Surah on Women, vs. 155): "God hath stamped, on them their unbelief … for their saying, Verily we have killed the Messiah Jesus, the son of Mary, the Apostle of God, bnt they did not kill Him, and they did not crucify Him, but a similitude was made for them." In this respect the Moslem teaching is perhaps bor- rowed from that of the early Gnostics. In various forms the idea that Christ did not really die, but swooned and came to life again without tasting death, has been taken up even in modern days.

Where men admit the fact of Christ's death on the cross they still stumble because of its implications. Are not Christian Science and New Thought and other modern cults saying to-day, "Any God except one Who died on the Cross" f Yet it was the Lamb slain in John's Revelation Who is the object of all heaven's worship. A Christianity without Christ crucified as its central doctrine and su- preme hope is a contradiction of terms. We know from the Scrip- tures that Jesus Christ died. – The witness of pagan writers, entirely apart from the New 1'estament record, has been gathered by Samuel Stokes, a mission- ary in India. He gives quotations from Tacitus, the historian Pliny, the Roman Governor Suetonius, and others, who record as a mat- ter of well-known history that Jesus of Nazareth was put to death by Pontius Pilate and crucified as a criminal. The famous passage in Josephus' Antiquities, Chapter xviii., Part 3, was once called in question as not being authentic. Its genuineness has now been ad- mitted by Harnack and others. He also gives independent witness, therefore, to the death of Jesus. In the Jewish Encyclopaedia, ar- ticle on Jesus Christ, it is said: "He was executed on the eve of the Passover Festival." The death of Jesus was foretold in Old Testament prophecy, and when Paul says, "He died according to the Scriptures," he doubtless referred to all the passages in the Old Testament of the suffering Messiah, wounded for our trans- gressions, bmised for our iniquities. Not only in the fifty-third chapter of Isaiah, in the twenty-second Psalm, and in the thir- teenth chapter of Zechariah do we have this picture, but perhaps Paul was not unmindful of the great unconscious prophecy of the heathen world by Plato, 429 B. C., in his Politia, Vol. IV., p. 74.

He describes the perfect, righteous Man, Who is to be the world's deliverer, in these terms: "Who without doing any wrong may assume the appearance of the grossest injustice; yea, Who shall be scourged, fettered, tortured,-deprived of His eyes, and after hav- ing endured all possible sufferings, fastened to a post, must re- :,tore again the beginning and prototype of righteousness."

. In addition to the testimony of the Scriptures we have the witness of the Lord's Supper, an outward and visible sign of some-

thing that occurred in the breaking of His body and the pouring out of his blood. The evidence of such unbroken tradition coming down the centuries in every branch of the Christian Church cannot be gainsaid.

Moreover, the mere sign of the cross is a remarkable testimony to the historicity of the crucifixion. Once it was a symbol of shame and degradation; only the criminal and the outcast were associated with it; the curse of God and of man rested on it. This sign of the cross has now become the symbol of honor and glory, of pride and prestige. We see it on national flags, in crosses of honor, in decorations of valor, and the ministry of friendship and relief is carried on under the banner of the Red Cross.

All this is inexplicable unless the cross. has been dignified, transfigured, glorified by Him Who hung upon it for the World. The historicity of the death of Jesus is established by all these proofs. He died' according to the Scriptures, except for those who still dare to put the testimony of one obscure Koran verse against all the historic evidence of Jew and Christian and' pagan writings.

In stating the content of the Apostolic Gospel, Paul says that the death of Christ holds the fundamental place in Christian teaching. "I delivered unto you first of all "-the Greek word signifies before everything else, or as belonging to the weightiest -articles of the faith. In the Septuagint the same phrase is used in Genesis xxxiii. 2, where Jacob places the two maid-servants and their children in the very front of his cavalcade to meet Esan. Paul evidently means to say that the death of Christ for our sins is of the first importance. It is the cornerstone and keystone of Paul's Christianity. In Weymouth's Version the passage is rendered, "For I repeat to you the all-important fact which also I have been taught, that Christ died for our sins in accordance with the Scrip- tures. " The importance of the death of Jesus Christ as the fundamen- tal fact in the New Testament is shown by the place it occupies. One-third of the New Testament matter deals with. the story of the Cross and the Atonement. Matthew devoted two long chapters to the trial and death of Jesus; in Mark the two longest. chapterF relate to this event; one-seventh of the entire text of Luke is taken up with the same story; and in John's Gospel the shadow of the Cross falls on the scene almost at the outset; while one-half of t.he narrative deals with the last week of Jesus' life.

In the Apostles' preaching as recorded in the Acts and the Epistles their one theme seems to have been Christ crucified. Peter (Acts x. 38-43) voices the message, than which they had no other, the Good News of peace through Jesus Christ which spread throughout the length and breadth of Judea and was carried all over the Roman Empire:

HEART OF THE MISSIONARY MESSAGE

"How God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and with power, so that he went about everywhere doing acts of kindness, and curing all who were being continually oppressed by the devil-for God was with Jesus. And we are witnesses as to all that he did both in the country of the Jews and in Jerusalem. But they even put him to death by crucifixion. That same Jesus God raised to life on the third'day, and permitted him to appear unmistakably, not to all the people, but to witnesses-men pre·, viously chosen by God-namely" to us, who ate and drank with him after he rose from the dead. And he has commanded us to preach to the people and solemnly declare that this is he who has been appointed by God to be the judge of the living and the dead. To him all the prophets bear witness, and testify that through his name all who believe in him receive the forgiveness of their sins."

Paul at Corinth determined to know nothing in his preaching save Jesus Christ and Him crucified. The very word "cross" was used so frequently that it became the synonym for "Christianity." The preaching' of the cross, the offence of the cross, the glory of the cross, the power of the cross,-all these phrases indicate the .place this doctrine had in Apostolic preaching. The two Christian sacraments are without significance, without symbolism, without mystic meaning, except they refer to the death of Christ. We are buried with Him in baptism, we partake of His broken body and shed blood; it is the washing of regeneration that refers to the washing away of our sins. Weare to testify to the fact and the significance of the Lord's death till He come.

In other words, the most solemn office and the deepest mystery of the Christian Church gather around the Cross, and the Crucified. The same witness is borne by the hymnody of the Church Catholic throughout the ages. The death of Christ has been the theme of Christian song during the persecutions of the early Church when t.hey sang praises to their dying Lord in the catacombs, until the day of the modern revival. Take away the death of Christ and the best hymns of the Christian Church are without significance. It was with deep insight that Sir John Bowring, British Consul General at Canton, China, wrote in 1823: "In the cross of Christ I glory, Towering o'er the wrecks of time; All the light of sacred story Gathers round its head sublime."

The Church of the Redeemed when they sing the new song, still celebrate the old, old story.

"And I looked, and heard what seemed to be the voices of countless angels on every side of the throne, and of the living creatures and the Elders. Their number was myriads of myraids and thousands of thousands, and in loud voices they were singing. It is fitting that the Lamb which has been offered in sacrifice should receive all power and riches and wisdom and might and honor and glory and blessing. And as for every created

thing in Heaven and on earth and under the earth and on the sea, and everything that was- in any of these, I heard them say, "To Him who is seated on the throne, And to the Lamb, Be ascribed all blessing and honor And glory and might Until the Ages of the Ages!"

Take away the death of Christ from your creed and you de- stroy Christianity. He draws all men unto Himself because He was lifted up on the Cross. Deny the significance of Ithe crucifixion and the whole New Testament becomes a scrap of paper, for it is no New Testament, no new covenant except in His blood. Without that blood there is no hope for the sinner and no joy for the believer.

. .P.anl .therefore points om,.in the third place, the supreme significarnce of the death of Christ. "He died for our sins according to the Scriptures." There is no other way to explain the death of Christ than from the Scriptures. It is inexplicable that God did not deliver Him from the death, that He did not make His escape, as- Moslems aver, unless there was a necessity and high moral purpose, a divine purpose, in His death. When Paul said that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures he referred to the Old Testament, its types and symbols, its promises and prophecies, its portraiture of the suffering Messiah, without the shedding of Whose blood there could be no remission of sins. Whatever Paul's interpretation is of the doctrine of the Atonement, he himself claims that it is based on the Scriptures,-that which he had received he delivered. Pauline Christianity is rooted in the Old Testament. His Good News was the fulfilment of the promise made unto the fathers.

It is impossible to eliminate certain phrases from the Synoptic Gospels, which are just as clear in their teaching regarding the significance of the death of Christ as is John's Gospel and the statements of the apostle in his epistles; for example, what can be the significance of "The Son of Man came not to be ministered unto but to minister, and to give His life a ransom for :many" (Matt. xx. 28), unless it be to the sacrificial death of Christ as the ransom for sin ~ The apostolic interpretation of the death of Jesus as necessary, vicarious, and propitiatory was recorded chronologieally long before the record of the Gospel. This interpretation therefore of the death of Jesus is not a later addition, but is· the earliest interpretation we have.

In A. D. 53, that is, twenty years after the crucifixion, Paul writes: "For while we were yet weak, in due season Christ died for the· ungodly. For scarcely for a righteous man will one die; for peradventure for the good man some one would even dare to die. But God commendeth

THE HEART OF THE MISSIONARY MESSAGE

his own love towards us, in that, when we were yet sinners, Christ died for us. Much more then, being now jU3tified by his blqod, shall we be saved from the wrath of God through him. For if, while we were enemies, we were reconciled to God through the death of his Son, much more, being reconciled, shall we be saved by his life" (Rom. 5, 6-10).

To the Corinthian Church he writes: "For the love of Christ constraineth us; because we thus judge, that if one died for all, therefore all died"; And agrun: .

"God was in Christ, reconciling the world unto himself. .. him wh()o knew no sin he made to be sin on our behalf; that we might become the righteousness of God in him."

The author of the Epistle to the Hebrews clearly teaches that Christ's one sacrifice on the Cross does away with sin, that He is our only High Priest, that His blood has cleansing power, and that the new covenant owes its validity solely to the death of Christ. The Mosruc sacrifices were of small value-what they typified Christ fulfilled. Peter in his first epistle has the same Gospel. He speaks of Jesus, Who Himself carried in His own body the burden of our sins to the Cross, and bore it there so that we, having died so far as our sins are concerned, may live righteous lives.

John writes concerning Christ that "He is the propitiation for our sins; and not for ours only, but also for the whole world"; "He laid down His life for us; and we ought to lay down our lives for the brethren"; "G'od sent His Son to be the propitiation for our sins." The first name given to Jesus in the Gospel of J'ohn is "the Lamb of God, that taketh away the sin of the world," and in the last chapter of the New Testament eternal life is found only for those whose names are written in the Lamb's hook, and who drink of the river of the water of life which proceedeth from the throne of the Lamb. The word "Lamb" in the Gospels has no significance and no power over human 'hearts unless it refers to the sacrificial Lamb of the Old Testament and the shedding of blood for the removal of guilt and transgression. This is the Good News, the only Good News, for sinners.

So important, so supreme, is the place of the Atonement in the apostles' thought and preaching that it seems incredible for any one to accept the New Testament and then reject the very kernel of its teaching. "It will be admitted by most Christians," says Dr. Denney in his book, entitled The Atonement and the Modern Mind, that if the Atonement, quit.e apart from precise definition of it, is anything to the mind, it is EVERYTHING.' It is the most profound of all truths and the most creative. It determines more than anything else our conception of God, of man, of history, and even of nature; it determines them, for we must bring them all in some way into accord with it. It is the inspiration of all thought, the

key, in the last resort, to all suffering. .. The Atonement is a reality of such.a sort that it can make no compromise. The man who tights it knows that he is fighting for his life and puts all his strength into the battle. To surrend,er is literally to give himself up, to cease to be the man he is and become another man. For the modern mind, therefore, as for the ancient, the attraction and the repulsion of Ohristianity are concentrated on the same point; the Oross of Ohrist is man's only glory or it is his final stumbling- block." .

The apostolic Gospel to Paul and his successors, and to every evangelist and every Inissionary, is a personal message and a per- sonal Gospel in the deepest sense. Paul spoke of it as my Gos- pel. "1 received it"; "1 delivered it," he wrote. Those who have not received it in their own hearts, as the final message and the saving message of God's grace can never deliver it to others.

In The Life of Dr. Chatterjee, a Prince of the Ohurch in India, by Dr. Ewing, the story of this Bengal Brahman's ,conver- sion, suggests much anxious thinking for those modern missionaries, who attempt to relega,te the Oross and the Atonement to a subor- dinate place. Dr. Ohatterjee explains what was the compelling force which induced him to leave home and country and honor by ac- cepting Ohristian baptism. He admits the attraction of Ohrist's blameless life and His perfect teaching, "but," says he, "the doc- trine which decided me to embrace the Christian religion, and make a public confession of my faith, was the doctrine of the vicarious death and suffering of Ohrist. I felt myself a sinner, and found in Ohrist one Who had died for my sins, paid the penalty due my sins. " "For by grace are ye saved by faith, and that not of your- selves j it is the gift of God."

He goes on to say that after all his years of experience as a'

leader of the Indian Ohurch the Atonement has become, "in my thinking and in my life the great and sole differentiating line be- tween Christianity and all other religions, so that when I became. a Christian I felt, and feel it most strongly now, that a God all mercy is a God unjust.. .. This continues to be my creed to this day. "

The true apostolic succession is not a matter of method or of ordination or of ecclesiastical connection, but of the character of our message. Have we received first of all, and delivered first of all, the news of Ohrist's death for sin 7 Do we interpret that death not in terms of human philosophy but in terms of the Old Testa- ment Scriptures ¥ Does the death of Christ hold the foremost place in our preaching, in our thinking, and in our missionary pro- gram'

Shelton Among Bandits of

The Story of a Missionary's Thrilling Experiences on the Border be- tween China and Tibet Dr. A. L. Shelton, a missionary of the American Christian Foreign Missionary Society, who was captured by Tibetan bandits last winter and was rescued later, has recently returned to the United States. Dr. Elliot I. Osgood of Chuchow, China, who was with the rescue party, has told in the China Press of Shanghai the full story of this wonderful experience.

In November last Dr. Shelton started from Batang on the Tibetan border, with his ",'ife and two daughters, servants and baggage, to go overland toward the city of Yunnanfu. He was planning to send his family to America on furlough, and himself to return to Tibet to explore and travel to the city of Lhasa. When they were within two and a half days of Yunnanfu, January 3rd, just after they h~d left a village with a small party of soldiers; they were attacked by robbers. Mrs. Shelton, in her sedan chair, was leading the procession and the two girls, Dorothy and Doris, came behind on their animals. Some hundred or more yards back Doctor Shelton followed on his mule, with his servant Andru. A band of robbers that had been waiting on the bluffs, suddenly began firing in the directiou of Mrs. Shelton and upon hearing the reports Dr. Shelton grabbed his gun and ran toward the Sedan chair. The soldiers cried out, "Robb'ers! Robbers!" and ran back for the shelter of the village they had just left. When the doctor saw they were being left alone, he handed his gun to Andru, and they walked up to the chairs where the women were.

Dr. Shelton says: "Mrs. Shelton and the children were crouching down behind the chairs, calling to, me to get down as bullets were flying all about. The robbers then surrounded us and began taking our things. One drew a large pistol, another a large sword, threat- ening me. The fellow with the pistol looked so grotesque that r laughed. After we had been stripped of what they wanted, a sort of headman came and told me to go with him to their leader. Mrs. Shelton begged me not to leave them alone, but I could do nothing but comply with the robber's request. Mrs. Shelton sought cover in a little depression in the hillside, and the bandits who were with her ran on, joining their own party because of the fire coming from thE> soldiers who had come out of the village as an attacking party.

"The headman had my camera and field glasses and as we went along asked me to explain the camera. Then he wanted me to take his picture and show it on the spot. Many people were along the 631

road, and the robbers took whatever they wanted. They even made the people strip and give them any garments they fancied. We finally arrived at the top of a small pass where about twenty men were together. One had my gun, a Winchester shot-gun, and wished me to show him how to fire it. The headman commanded his men to take me up the mountain to be held for ransom.

"My mule and two other animals of my servants had been hrought up. I mounted, and we started. I could see the chairs in ths valley below. The battle was now in full swing behind us as I was hurried on, and the shots kept flying overhead. When we stopped to rest, a long, lean man asked me for my watch. The rest of the band came struggling in and I counted seventy-one. The fires were built and supper cooked and eaten, and then for two hours they smoked opium. I was to learn in the days to come that they depended, when under strain, far more on opium than on food."

Meanwhile Mrs. ~helton and the girls had gone back to the village and were waiting and hoping for the speedy return of the doctor. Mrs. Shelton remained at the village u~til a Roman Catholic father, Pere Bailey, came to her relief. This good man has been in China for thirty years and is loved by all the people. Some months ago the leader of this band, Yang Tien-fu, had come to him and asked him to negotiate with the Governor for his pardon. This Pere Bailey had been doing through the French Consul but, so far, unsuccessfully-hence, Yang's reason for capturing Dr. Shelton. The robbers sent word to Pere Bailey, asking him to go to Mrs. Shelton's relief and conduct her to Yunnanfu, and renew his efforts for Yang's pardon., upon receipt of which Yang would release the doctor. With the Pere, Mrs. Shel'ton and the girls reached Yuunanfu without further unpleasant incident. Telegrams were then sent to the American Minister in Peking, and the Consul General in Canton, and the Missionary Society headquarters in Cincinnati.

Dr. Shelton continues in his diary: "I was not allowed to take off my clothes for some days. I had in my saddle bag three"little books which were a blessing-a little leather New Testament, the 'Rhymes of a Red Cross Man' and McLaren's 'Beside the Bonnie Brier Bush.' "I spent the morning of January 4th estimating what they had gotten the previous day. Including the animals and my things, I think it amounted to about $1800.

"On January 5th we started at noon and traveled until near night. At dark we went to a village and sto'pped with confederates. They were afraid of soldiers. Rested until midnight. Went on over the mountains until 3 a. m. Stayed until daylight 'with some Catholic converts. They said the church was very near and they would take me there, for which I was thankful. At daylight we started on again, but back to the mountain. '] sat down and told them they coUld do

DR. SHELTON AMONG BANDITS OF TIBET

as they pleased, 1 could go no farther. They took one of my cards and about 2 a. m. sent a man to see the priest. A card marked 'Claude Bailey,' with writing in French which 1 could not read, came back. They said the priest had gone to take my family to Yun- nanfu." TttesdayJ January 6th-" About dark we went down the moun- tain to a large temple and stayed all night. First sleep since my capture on the 3rd. Forty guards out in every direction. They have done nothing all day but gamble and worship. I have counted nineteen different guns and eight kinds of pistols in the companyall the way from old fire locks down to modern rifles and Colt's automatic pistols. The men do not even go to bed without their guns. They want me to take charge of all the money. They cannot trust one another. The band now numbers one hundred and four."

The robbers kept shifting from place to place, occasionally rob- bing a village-the people doing their bidding at the muzzle of a gun.

The doctor had no bedding but his horse blankets. Cooties began to crawl over him but he had no time to wash his clothes. On the 12th Pere Bailey got his first letter through to the band with negotiations in it. This brought Dr. Shelton into high favor. Many of the men offered to be his servants-many of them tried to show off by singing, , , Jesus Loves Me" and other hymns.

The doctor writes, "The Captain asked me to teach him the ABC's. The best boy in the company won $20 gambling yester- day and it was stolen from him during the night. The Captain asked if I would not take him for a son. Finally a letter came, giving them $5000. They kept planning how they could get further luoney. " On the 14th a letter came from Mrs. Shelton. It had been on the road seven days. The leaders were getting tired of the life. They promised that when the Governor restored Yang's family to him they would let the doctor free. On the 22nd, with negotiations going on, they were able to get bedding, a camp bed and clothing to him. "1 have had a bath" he writes, "a new shirt from my mother, and thol1gh still a prisoner, and likely to be for some time, I am in good spirits." * * * * "If I were a young man Ii would like more than anything else to go with these men and be their pastor. It would be a great oppor- tunity to do the Lord's work. Why was I not born twins or triplets 1 It is so good to speak a word for Jesus Christ, especially so when the heart of the one to whom you speak has a longing to hear it and do right." .

In the meantime Yang secured many additions, to his band and became more autocratic. The priest was sent again to communicate with the Governor and increase the deinands. Finally Yang slipped away at night, taking both his own family and Dr. Shelton with him.

Dr. Shelton was out on his wanderings again. He wrote on Feb. 9th-"Left at midnight for the mountains, again. They are just concentrated evil. The Lord only knows what the end will be."

Feb''I'UlJ,ry loth-"Since yesterday noon it has been a perfect nightmare. In the evening we found four men 'kneeling and crying. They were men who had been promised they could leave at any time. I spoke to the whole two hundred a seditious speech. I asked the Captain to stand all of us who wanted to go back against a wall and shoot us. There are only two or three people hindering everything, but sedition is working, and unless they are careful the leaders will go the way of all firms who oppress their men. I know of at least fifty who are ready for resistance. They are tired of lawlessness. If something does not come off soon I will fight Yang for the leadership of the band. I can command half of them now. I might get killed in the struggle but I want to help those who want to do right."

Later the Governor sent troops to round up the band, but because of the steep mountains and the shrewdness of the bandits they outdid them. They kept retreating towlLrd the Yangtse on the Szechuen border. Yang shot a few of the mutinous ring leaders and intimidated the rest.

Februairy 15th—"Insomnia getting worse and worse. Did not sle~.p a wink until 5 0 'clock. Was very sick. " On the 16th he writes, "I know I ought not to feel so, but I long for death. If I could haVE> answers to my letters for which I am praying, I could die happy. Fine Spring morning but my heart is sick unto death. I can see no hope ahead, but all things end sometime. If my body were weaker it would die quicker."

February 25th-" Arrived on the banks of the Yangtse. All I can say in my desolation is, 'Make Thy grace sufficient for me, 0, God.' "

At this point, Dr. Shelton's faithful cook succeeded in getting through to him. He received a passport from the French Consul and a couple of French soldiers had accompanied him part of the way. He brought back to Yunnanfu to Mrs. Shelton the copy of "Beside The Bonnie Brier Bush, " on the margins of which Dr. Shelton had been penning the diary which we have been quoting from. This was the first word from the outside since negotiations were broken off. The cook reported him sick, and lying down most the time, not able to arise and walk about. He had lost much flesh and looked very haggard.

lli the meantime the American Minister of Peking had heard of the failure of negotiations and had sent Col. W. S. Drysdale, Military Attaohe to the American Legation. He came and demanded that all fighting of the bandits should be stopped as it was simply driving them farther into the interior. The Governor agreed to this. The Colonel stayed in Yunnarifu to keep in touch with the Governor, while

Mr. J. P. Thornton, of the Standard Oil Co., .Frederick A. Schmidt, of the Chicago Tribune, and Dr. Osgood, of the Disciple's Mission, proceeded on to negotiate with the bandits.

On March 6th, the cook, Shensi, left on his second trip to see the bandit chief, carrying the terms drawn up by Colonel Drysdale. In the meantime the bandits were constantly moving. Finally Dr. Shelton collapsed. When captured he weighed 220 Ibs. and was physi-. cally a powerful man. He lost 40 Ibs. during the sixty days in captivity. * * * * In the afternoon of March a spy in the employ of the Wuting Magistrate was approaching the village of Talah, where Shelton was secreted. The villagers, thinking soldiers were coming, took to the hills, and the old man who was caring for the doctor, came to the spy, trembling for his life. Dr. Shelton dragged himself to the street and accosted the spy. The latter was as scared as the villagers when he realized his find, but the doctor prevailed upon him to aid him to escape. No chair or pony was to be found. Some ropes were twisted from long, dry grass and three men tied these about the doctor, and putting his arms over their shoulders, he started on a ten mile walk to Taku,a Christian village. It took him six hours to reach this place. The Christians were badly frightened, thinking they were bandits, but gave him aid as soon as they found out who he was. They hunted up a couple of ponies and started with the doctor for Yiemo, the nearest military headquarters. He rod~ the two ponie~ alternately and never stopped for eight hours in the twenty-s.even miles. Half carried by the attending Christians the doctor tottered into the official's presence. They would not have been more surpris.ed had he risen from the dead. His beard had grown during his captivity so that his own wife would not have recognized him.

During the last days of Dr. Shelton's captivity he achieved a great reputation ainong the people for curing their sore eyes. He was ever ministering to the sick and wounded, whether robbers or villagers. They came to him in crowds, to welcome the doctor, to bring back his lost saddle bags, to ask for more medicine.

On reaching Wuting, Dr: Shelton talked with his wife over the telephone, which connects that place with the Provincial Captitol, and by next morning they started by forced march for Yunnanfu, where Mrs. Shelton and the girls had waited for over three months.

It has been necessary to operate on the doctor for a large tumor on his neck, and he was in a serious nervous condition, because of his awful experience. It became necessary for him -to give up his plan for a visit to Lhasa, and come home on furlough with his family for rest and recuperation.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK AMERICANIZATION AND CHURCH no knowledge of reputable doctors or WOMEN hospitals. She found the Syrian "But they put new wine into fresh wine woman whose one ambition was to skins." Matt. 9:14 learn to write her name, but who A FEW weeks ago I sat at lunch was ashamed to go to night-school with a large group of church and let it be known that she could women and listened to the message not write. She found people of of a young woman who was speaking music-loving races who in the hard to us. She was a splendid young struggle for daily bread, and in their woman who had put all her talents, poverty, had had all music crowded and they were not a few, a fine out of their lives, but longed for it.

Christian spirit, a good brain dis-, She found the Swedish woman who ciplined by a University education spoke English fairly well and seemed and specialized training for the work comfortable in all ways so far as which she was to do, at the service material things went, but who said of the Woman's Home Mission she would like to have someone come Society of one of our denominations and talk to her about Jesus.

as Christian Americanization Direc~ The women of one church had tor in our city. She told us in a gone down to the store buildings simple way of her work. She had where the Slovak church held its gone out to the people of the city meetings to help the Slovak pastor's and met them face to face in their wife sew for the Slovak people on homes. She found lonesome people the river flats-starting an industrial in need of friends and friendly ad- work which the Slovak pastor said vice, was a sure way to the hearts of his She found a Slovak pastor's wife, people. Mrs. H. of another church who, from her own scanty means and -I knew her well as one-time presi- with her own children to care for, dent of the city's largest musical was sewing for the poor Slovak dub-was going herself, and taking children down on the river fiats. some of her musical friends, to She found a Polish woman whose the homes of some of the music daughter had gotten beyon(i her con- loving people that they might have trol in her lack of knowledge of a chance to hear music and them- American life and over whom the selves learn how to make it. Women mother was shedding bitter tears from half a dozen churches were in her fear that her daughter might going into homes, each one at first become a bad girl. She found the introduced and helped by the Amer- man who was afraid to go to the icanization Director, to teach English Court House to get his second nat- or writing to those who longed so uralization papers-"he might be de- much to learn. The enthusiasm of ported as an alien," his wife ex- these women knew no bounds. "I plained with an anxious air. She feel' every week as I go to teach my found the woman who could not pupil that I have a fellowship with speak English well enough to order the missionaries," one of them had the right kind of coal and was la- said to the Director. Miss R. of a boriously breaking up with her hands third church who was president of a the coal that was sent her, too large Maternity Hospital Board would ,see for her grate. , She found the Rus- that worthy mothers and babies were sian woman expecting a baby with taken care of, although it would be 636 too late to do anything for the Rus- house of Zacchaeus, the tax gatherer, sian mother, for when the American- "The Son of Man came to seek and ization worker went after Christmas to save that which was lost." to inquire about the new baby she found that mother and baby were If in the years past we have been dead. Miss S. of another church, trying to reach the foreigners in our ~hose brother had a law office in midst by moving ourselves and our the Court House, had arranged for churches up the streets away from her brother to meet the man who them and somehow expecting them wanted to take out his naturalization to come after to find us, and if it papers, and at the next visit of the has come to pass by this method that Americanization Director his wife in the Bronx in New York City there told with great volubility and joy of are fewer Protestants proportionately the wonderful way in which all the than in the island of Ceylon, and fears and difficulties had been if it has come to pass that in our smoothed out of that dreaded trans- rural communities, as the recent Ohio action. Mrs. J., a motherly wo- survey says, "gross superstition exman with daughters. of her own, was ercises strong control over the going for frequent visits to the home thought and action of a large pro- portion of the people," has not the of the woman who was troubled time come to try a new method? about her daughter. And Mrs. R., who, as we were all aware, had had Often under a new name and a deep religious experience, had gone program an old idea may be put to the home of the woman who over with new life and vigor. We wanted someone to talk to her of need many young women of talent Jesus. "And if there are more of and education who will give some you who want to help," concluded years of their lives to directing the the young leader with glad and Christian Americanization work in shining face, "we can use you all. our cities. They can help the women It's such wonder.ful work." of our churches to see what a mar- velous practical means for the spread- It seemed to me that twenty- ing of the good tidings which Christ minute talk that day by the young came to preach is placed in their woman, who had found mission hands by the Americanization movefields in her own city and led our ment and methods. The women who church women to them, made up for go out as messengers, with good all the discouragements, and they tidings of friendship and help and were not a few, that I had had since human lives to the foreigners in our I became interested in Home Mission cities, are opening the doors for the work. good tidings of God's love.

As I listened to her talk I seemed MRS. A. E. JEN KS. to hear an echo of the words: "Why is it that your teacher goes out into THE VISION the by-ways and eats with tax gatherers and sinners?" "Why is it By CHRISTIAN McLEOD that he talks with the foreign Samaritan woman when he knows well Katherine Lindsay had never that Jews do not associate with prayed for easy things for herself. Samaritans?" "Why did he say, in To her there had come one day a our Synagogue, 'In Israel there were beautiful vision. The Lord Jesus many lepers in the time of the Christ had come to New York to prophet, Elisha, yet none of these seek out some of His hidden jewels was cleansed, but only Naaman, the which the servants whom He had Syrian.''' And I remembered once sent had failed to find. Some of more that Christ said of Himself as them were waiting all unsuspected in He was on his way to stay at the :. The talk reported from memory in this paper was given by Miss Edna Bowler of Minneapolis at a Union meeting of the Baptist women of that city.

the busy thoroughfares, and others their ways nor their tongue, and we had to be sought for long and pa- pray Thee to have us excused."

tiently in the dark courts and lanes A philanthropist in the group add- of the city. He invited His friends ed quickly: "Lord, I will pay a to accompany Him in the search, missionary of their own race to go to and many came gladly. She wanted them, if Thou wilt, but I cannot go."

to be one of the number, but as she The doctor of divinity whose elo-.

looked at those who were around quence had stirred the Orient said, the Master she hesitated. Here was "I pray Thee have me excused. It a great bishop whose eloquent tongue were better to take the suggestions and broad spirit of philanthropy had of the philanthropist and send to rhade him known throughout Chris- them one of their own."

tendom. Beside him was a doctor Then very sadly the Master turned of divinity who had just returned to the president of the theological from a brilliantly successful tour of seminary and asked, "Are any of the Orient and the islands ot the sea. the young men prepared to go with Through an interpreter he had Me to this multitude, among whom preached the Gospel of Jesus Christ I have many rare jewels, to seek to people of many tongues and them out and bring them to Me?"

climes. Another was president of _a The president faltered and made great theological seminary which was answer: "None, Lord. They know yearly turning out scores of men not the language of these people.

for the Christian ministry, and next They have been too busy studying to him a man who was at the head the languges of the dead past to learn of a training school for foreign any of these modem tongues spoken ,missionaries. There were many by the aliens in our city."

others, eminent as evangelists, or The man who had done so much preachers, or philanthropists, c and to train workers for the foreign they were enthusiastic in their re- field was far in the background by sponse to the Master's call. Through this time, but the eyes of the Master obscure streets and dark places of were fixed upon him, and the low the city they went as He led the way, and impemng voice was saying, lifting up a drunkard here or a poor "You, at least, have some one who criminal c the're, at His bidding, and is ready to go, for your thoughts bringing them to Him for His won- are all for the people of strange derful, healing touch. lands who know not My love and The outcast and the fallen were power to save."

made whole at His word, and there Then the man, who loved his Lord was great joy in the hearts and faces exceedingly, wept with very shame, of His friends as they followed and answered: "There are none, 0 where He led. Lord, for I was so intent upon the Then in her vision she saw that people across the sea who know Thee they came to a part of the city which not, that I quite forgot these hun- was strangely untidy, with foreign- dreds and thousands at my door."

looking people filling the streets and When they were all gone she saw speaking an alien tongue. The that the Lord stood alone with a Master made as though He would look of deepest sadness upon His have gone into the midst of it, but face. She had not dared approach His friends paused, and the bishop Him before, when He was surrounded said, "My Lord, it is not fitting that by the brilliant circle of great men,'

we should go to these people. They but now she stole up to Him and are of a foreign race and of a upon her knees implored Him to let strange speech. We meet them every her go with Him into the foreign day on the street and at our own quarter. She dared not look up into basement doors, but we know not His face, but there was infinite

THE 'vVOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

tenderness in His voice as He said: touch was with her yet. Together "My daughter, you have asked a they went, finding a child here and a youth there, comforting a brokenhard thing for yourself. It is an hearted widow in her sorrow, and obscure path and you will find few teaching the strong man the story to praise and many to blame you. of the Cross. There will be black ingratitude frequently, and many disappointments. The vision had come to be a It were well to consider deeply if you reality, and it was this which made are prepared to meet them." Katherine Lindsay's work so differ- ent from that of many others. She "Wilt Thou go with me, Lord?" had unbounded faith in the possibilshe asked tremblingly. ities for good in the vilest man, as well as in the most neglected child, "Every step of the way, My child," and there was the constant sense of came the answer, full and clear. the presence and help of the Master whom she served.* "Then I care not for the roughness of the way," she answered joyfully. * From The Heart of the Stranger. Fleming H. "I am ready to go with Thee, Lord." Revell Co. Reprinted by permission.

The shining of His face as He bade her arise and come she should never forget, and the thrill of His THE CHINESE FAMILY ALTAR CERTIFICATE THE "Family Altar Certificate" which is being brought into use by the Christian churches of, China is indicative of the joy of worship and real home Christianity on the part of those who have confessed Christ. In America probably less than five percent of Christian homes maintain family prayers. In China, at least 50% of the Christian homes ;bserve daily, family worship. The "Family Altar Chart" shows the Ten Commandments, a hymn, and one of the posts bears the verse "The promise is unto you and to your children." The picturing of the family group, true to reality, includes the little dog found in so many homes in China.

FROM .MrANY

THE ISLANDS OF THE SEA series of dances are executed; poles are driven into the ground and the Preachers needed in New Zealand victims-pigs alone are worthy the honor-are tied to them and a space HE Presbyterian Church in New cleared for the officiating priests. T Zealand suffered heavily because Dance and songs over, the priest of the war. A few months ago the first and then each relative gives the vacant churches of this denomination family pig a blow on the head with numbered sixty-eight, while pastors a stone, each taking a new name as available were not more than eight he does so. Each priest carries on or nine. In the remote parishes his wrist the teeth of all the pigs often one man is struggling to do the he has previously sacrificed. The work that can only be effectively final act takes place the next day done by five. when the animal is cut up, put in the oven, and eaten by the members of In order to meet this need in some the respective families. The whole measure the General Assembly of proceeding is a religious act, and Great Britain is seeking to enlist when the missionary can persuade twenty .ministers and twenty home the Kanakas that their ancestors do missionaries for New Zealand, and not control their daily lives, a telling is ready to assume responsibility for onslaught will have been made on the their salaries, so that they will not kingdom of Satan. be dependent upon the local churches. Generosity of Solomon Islanders Living expenses are very much less in New Zealand than in Great IN THE natives of the South Sea Britain or America. Islands there are subtle under- Kanaks Ancestor Worsblp currents of a heathen heritage which tend to carry them out of the course THE New Hebridean Kanakas are mapped on the heavenly chart. But constantly celebrating feasts, and these hereditary predilections are be- ing overcome. At the last annual might seem to have no other calling missionary collection at Kokengolo, than that of ceremonious sacrifice to a Solomon Islander, ex-head hunter, their ancestors. All believe in sur- attired in spotless raiment, walked vival after death, and regard sacri- down the· aisle of a Christian church fice as efficacious in making the and deposited £10 on the plate, to .spirits of their ancestors benevolently help send the Gospel to the heathen. disposed. When the day of the Others who had no money gave celebration has been fixed all the vil- cocoanuts or shells, and in the three lage bells are brought out, and the circuits of this district, the natives nearer the day approaches the loud- alone contributed more than $1000. er sound the bells, keeping it up throughout the night before the Bible Work in Solomon Islands eventful day. DR. NORTHCOTE DECK, whose The head of each household acts ship is his station, relates a story as priest, for this is strictly a family of the Solomon Islanders' eagerness cerernony. Every Kanaka m u s t for the Bible which is typical of the purify himself for the occasion by longing in all the one hundred and pouring cocoanut milk on his head, fifty Christian villages of the Soloand those who are appointed to offer mon Islands. sacrifice deck themselves with a few touches of rouge, with a sea shell in one hand and a palm leaf in the other. When a company has assembled, a 640 Visiting one of the newer Chris- so pronounced that a "Christian Funtian villages one day, the leader came to Dr. Deck and said: damentals League" has been incor- "Doctor, twelve men, they stop no porated under the laws of Califorgood." Expecting to hear of some delinquency on their part, he replied: nia, and similar movements are under "What is the matter? What they do?" "Oh, they not do anything way in other States. One feature wrong, but when we have out meeting, and every man open his 'Sankey' of the campaign to neutralize these book to sing, there is no book in the hands of these twelve men; their false cults will be the placing of hands are empty, and their mouth is shut. Which way they going to special literature in factories, stores, sing praises to God from their hearts when no book in their hands? So waiting rooms and vestibules ot· their hearts are heavy when we sing. And when we want to give the Word churches. This will include enlightof God to the people and show them His message, every man open His ening leaflets on Christian Science, Bible to mark that Word, but those twelve men, they have no Bible, their Spiritualism, CNoeowperaTthioonughott1 Theohands are empty. How are they sophy, etc. Chrisgoing to get that Word of God strong in their hearts, when they tians throughout the United States never see it with their eyes? They feel no good. Please, Doctor, you will be welcomed. The secretary give me twelve Bibles and twelve 'Sankey' books." is R. A. Hadden, 207 Van Nuys lJible Society Gleanings. B'l'dg., Los Angeles, Cal.

NORTH AMERICA The New Era Receipts Student Home Missionaries THE actual receipts from the New Era Campaign for the work of all MORE than fifty Presbyterian the participating Boards of the Pres- seminary students work in the byterian Church for the year ending home mission fields of at least March 31, 1920, were a little less twenty-four western states during than $8,000,000, or three million over the coming summer. They will re- any previous year. The amount of ceive a small salary, in addition to increase in the receipts of the benevotransportation to and from their lent boards of the Church is greater field and an allowance for board and than in the previous ten years. A room. Many more applications for part of this increase is no doubt due this service were received than could to the work of the New Era Cambe accepted. paign. At the same time, disap- pointment is felt that the goal of Each student is employed for fif- $13,000,000 was not reached this teen weeks, and gives a close study year as might have been the case if to the mission field. As a rule, only all had done their part. The Church .applicants who on graduation intend needs further education in the needs to do home mission work are ac- of the work, and in the principles cepted. of stewardship.

The Presbyterian. The Bible in the Schools Christian Fundamentals League A FITTING celebration of May- flower Year would be to restore T HE menace of anti-Christian cults Bible reading in all public schools. on the Pacific Coast has become Pennsylvania set the example when Senator McNicholl introduced a bill, which was subsequently passed, to require the reading of at least ten verses of the Bible on every school day in every school of Pennsylvania. No confusion or strife followed the putting into operation of this law, as objectors had prophesied. Other states have followed this lead. Even California, which seems to attract to

itself a legion of non-Christian cults, Negro Helps to Improve Schools is taking up the plan. MISSISSIPPI colored Baptists The International Reform Bureau gave last year $15,000 for their has undertaken to improve the daily church schools. Their Baptist State Bible reading in schools by furnish- Convention in Texas raised nearly a. ing teachers with lists of appropriate quarter of a million for missions and Bible readings endorsed by leaders of education. Ten thousand of this they 26 denominations. gave at a street meeting in Corsi- Another movement is to place in cana, influenza and health laws havschools, mills and courts, wall charts ing closed the churches. The C. M. of the commandments. On the Pitts- E. Church, perhaps the smallest burgh Court House is the bronze colored church organization, gave tablet presented by men and women over $30,000 for education in three of all faiths. Judge Shafer, when states alone.

the tablet of the commandments was They are also helping to improve unveiled, in war time, said in sub- the public schools. Increasing apstance: "That's what we are fighting propriations from legislatures and for-fixed principles rather than ar- county boards are met by gifts from bitrary will." the Negroes benefited. They gave pennsylvanJa"Town RelCord $25,000 for country schools in North Carolina, $35,000 'in Louisiana, and THE First United Presbyterian $20,000 in Tennessee. In the latter Church of Burgettstown, Pa., has state, where the Rosenwald Fund gave 130 tithers out of a total member- also $20,000, the county boards gave ship of 178. Probably no other con- $80,000 for better school houses.

gregation in the United States can These figures show a strong con- show so large a percentage of tithing servative element within the Negro stewards. The New World Move- race which may be relied upon to up- ment Campaign for enrolment of hold progress and order.

tithers reports 12,772 United Pres- byterians who give at least one-tenth LATIN AMERICA of their income to Christian work. ChrIstianity In Porto Rico Mormonism Gains PORTO RICO, rich as its name implies, has now a Protestant THE names of more than 350 Church in every town on the island. places where Mormon organiza- The population is slightly over a tions have been formed within a few million, and seventy per cent are able years are in the hands of the Utah to read. The EE Puerto Rico Evan- Gospel Mission of Cleveland, Ohio. gelico has a circulation of 5000, the A Mormon temple at Laie, Ha- largest of any periodical on the waiian Islands, was dedicated in 1919, island, and its influence was em- and a new temple is contemplated at phatically exerted during the prohi- or near Mesa, Arizona. There are bition campaign, when this reform more Mormons in Arizona than in measure went through despite the any other state except Utah and organized opposition.

Idaho. Mormonism spends at least -IN $100,000 in newspaper propaganda, Seventeen to One and it is reported that Mormon ar- PACHUCA, Mexico, seventeen ticles in non-Mormon papers have a saloons surround a prominent circulation of two and one-half mil- square, with names which must have lion copies every week. taxed the ingenuity of their proprie- The Utah Gospel Mission has a tors, for they include "The Enamored budget of $5000 for its work in 1920, Dove," "The Two Voices," "The to include colporteur and evangelistic Lions" "The Wild Animal GTlaomrye~rf" work in the West. "The 'Black Cat," and "The

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

the God of Drunks." In such a set- ians wear a "patua," which is a ting as this stands the Methodist written prayer enclosed in a bag of school and mission church. Recently, cloth or leather. Among these patuas ten Methodist preachers and twenty- one finds dark witness to the spirit- five laymen met here for ten days of ual condition of the vast majority in Bible study and evangelistic services. Brazil. The prayer of our Lady of On the closing night 104 came to the Mont Serrat ends as follows: platform to testify to their new found faith, among them some "This prayer was found in the Chinese. The little band of workers Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, and are determined to fight it out with so great is its virtue that anyone the "Doves," "Cats" and "Lions." carrying it with him will not die of sudden death, nor of abscess nor of Bible Correspondence in Guatemala frenzy; and shall be free from epi- lepsy, shall not die by drowning, A BIBLE correspondence course nor be wounded with iron, shall not has been a hope of the mission- die in prison nor of heart pain." aries of Central America for a long time, for in many districts the people Engllsh Church Laws are without any Christian teaching "except that of an occasional itinerat- THE Church of England has just ing missionary; and wherever the attained a measure of indepen- Gospel tracts go the people are dence from the state which it has asking for systematic Bible study. never before enjoyed in its history. An act lately passed by.parliament, so A simple outline was prepared and quietly that it scarcely attracted the given as an experiment to a few notice of news correspondents, gives native Bible women, with the under- the Church for the first time a legstanding that· they should pray islature of its own to make its laws. about it, but mention it to no one It will- be called the "National Asuntil definite plans could be arranged sembly." Hitherto, the rules and for the course. The secret leaked regulations of the Angelican communout, however, and in less than a ion have all been made in the British week fourteen papers were sub- Parliament. As long as the members mitted for correction. This made it of the Parliament were nearly all necessary to continue the work, and members of that Church, there was without further announcement papers no great objection to this. But in are sent in each week. One lesson latter years Parliament's majority handed in was on the back of a has been made up of non-conformists, theater hand bill. A servant girl in Jews and Catholics; and Anglicans a brewer's home is sending in her have resented the shaping of laws lessons regularly. One "Nicodemus," by these outsiders. Parliament rewho has studied various arts and tains a nominal veto, but ill unlikely sciences, was discovered grading his ever to exercise it. own papers from those that had been corrected. The Continent.

In Dark BrazU "The Enabling Act"

SUPERSTITION and fetishism THE B r i t ish Government has have been rooted in the soul of passed a measure called "The Brazilians for centuries. They have Enabling Act" which affords new amulets to preserve from the "evil opportunity to bring the claims of eye," the horseshoe to ensure hap- foreign missions more prominently piness and the protecting effigy of the before the Church at home. Mis- "good Jesus of Pirapora," to be worn sionary-minded leaders will be able around the neck between the cloth- to make their voices heard, and to ing and the skin. Millions of Brazil- see that missionary interests take their proper place in church organiza-

tion, so that those who have been Missionary Interest In Sweden indifferent will at least hear what is being' done in the foreign field. THE missionary work of the It cannot but follow that the spread- Church of Sweden has grown in ing of knowledge will result in the spreading of interest, and eventually recent years, and its .latest' feature action. is the taking up of missionary ac- tivity in Central China, in a field of 'Tbree Conferences In Geneva which Hankow is the center. Edu- cational work will be especially de- HERE are to be three confer- veloped by two representatives of T ences in Geneva in August, which the Church of Sweden Mission. The will be of international significance. cooperation of seven Scandinavian The first is a meeting called by the and Scandinavian-American Luther- Committee on Ecumenical Conference an missions has been secured. .of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ, made up of de1e- Students Organize for Prohibition ·gates from the National Councils and Federations of the various countries A WORLD students' prohibition of Europe and from the United association is the aim of an in- States. This meeting (August 9th ternational student prohibition con- and 10th) will consider the' advis- ference to be held in Sweden the .ability of assembling a great ecumen- last week in July. The basis will ical conference of the churches of be the International Bureau of Ab- the world one or two years hence, to staining Students, which before the .consider the common world tasks war had 29,000 members, and of facing Christianity. which the student anti-alcohol or- ganizations of Sweden, Norway, The second gathering will be the Denmark, Switzerlan,d, Germany and 'World Conference on Faith and Austria, and the Intercollegiate Pro- Order, (August 12th to 25) and hibition Association of America were -delegates from the Eastern churches constituent members. Bertil Sjos- .are expected at this conference. trand, prominent leader of the About two hundred representatives Sveriges Studerande Ungdoms Helnkfrom all over the world will discuss terhetsforbund (Swedish Students' 1:he problem of Christian unity, the Temperance Movement) and Harry conference being practically confined S. Warner, of the Intercollegiate to this one subject. Prohibition .Association, have re- cently been in Conference in London Then follows the meeting of upon this matter. the International Committee of the 'World Alliance for International Jewish MIssIonaries for the Orient Friendship Through the Churches. This group consists of about ten SOME prominent Jews of Europe ,delegates from America, ten from maintain that China and Japan 'England, ten from France and ten are· the only two countries free from from Germany, with smaller delega- the stigma of anti-Semitic movetions from Italy, Greece, Japan and ments. "The Christian world has -other nations-nearly a hundred in declared war against us," says one, call. This committee will discuss the "therefore we must look for friends. cooperation of the Christian forces where we can find them." Accord- .of the world in reconstruction and ingly, a number of young Jews are reconciliation, and in securing such at work on the Far East languages a Christian world order as will pro- with a view to mission service in mote justice, brotherhood and lasting China and Japan. The substance of peace. It will also consider the es- their teaching will be Jewish humanitablishment of local councils in every tarian ideals as summed up in New ,country of Christendom. Testament ethics.

1920J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Waldenses lace Problem 000,000. Albert W. Staub, foonerly manager of the Atlantic Division, CHOCOLATE factories, cotton American Red Cross, is the Secre- mills and other industries orig- tary Treasurer, 18 East 41st St., inally set up by the Waldensians New York. are gradually being absorbed by Ro- man Catholic owners. In order to SUNDAY REST IN EGYPT prevent this encroachment upon their established arts, the Waldensian So- ONE OF the handicaps of Chris- ciety of Torre Pellice, Italy, is anx- tian work in Egypt has been ious to interest England and Amer- that Christians in government posi- ica in providing a market for their tions or public service have been products, including articles in wood, obliged to work on Sunday. This bone, glass and enamel. obligation extended to pupils and teachers in schools, judges and others MOSLE~l LANDS in courts, and officials or employees in government service. The only semi- AConnnittee of Cooperation in Near East rest day has been Friday, the Mos- N "EDUCATIONAL mandate" lem holy day. This has been a great for the Near East, privately sup- hindrance to Christian mission work, ported, is foreshadowed in the for- and has kept many good Christians mation of a Committee of Coopera- from church membership or church tion on American Education in the attendance. Since the war a strong Near East, which seeks to serve the organization has been effected among interests of more than 500 American clerks, office men and others to secure educational institutions in the old for themselves a weekly day of rest Ottoman Empire, including the fa- -preferably Sunday. As a result mous Robert College at Constantin- many of the largest places of busiople, the American University at Bei- ness, banks, consulates, etc., have rut, Syria, and the Constantinople been closed on Sunday. Recently, College for Girls. A committee of the coal shortage has obliged the raileducational experts is to consider roads to cut off Sunday trains, and questions of standardization of educa- as a result the postoffice clos.ed many tional methods, including curricula, offices, and courts could not depend and general coordination of the work on the attendance of witnesses and of existing institutions. The great others, so they have omitted sittings danger is that this committee will em- on Sunday. Surely God works in phasize the intellectual at the expense mysterious ways! If men will not of spiritual standards. obey His laws from choice, they may be forced to submit to them The territory included in the pro- from necessity. gram will probably cover not only Syria, Palestine, Arabia, :VIesopo- Presbyterian :}lission in Egypt tamia, Anatolia, the Balkans and the Caucasus, but eventually Persia, ONE OF the hest organized and Egypt and Abyssinia. In this terri- mo~t fruitful missions in the tory there are 564 primary and Near East is the Egypt Mission of secondary schools, with a total of the United Presbyterian Church of 31.329 pupils, 135 American teachers North America. It now enrolls 14,- and 1,079 native teachers. Twelve 573 members, and includes in its colleges have a total enrolment of constituency over 40,000 people. 4,572 students, with 165 American There are ninety organized congreteachers and 200 native teachers. gations and eighty-six native pastors. Property owned and controlled by These congregations contributed last these American colleges is valued at year $71,794, or about $800 per con- $4,078,136. gregation. Only $6000 was asked from America for the support of the To carry through this program will require an initial capital of $50,-

native Church; otherwise it is seIf- Occupied Territory! and, through the supporting. In another year or two medlUm of the Alhed representatives in it will probably be entirely indepen- Jerusalem, to the delegates of their dent of outside help. respective governments at the Peace Con- ference; and to publish the same in the DR. Moslems Evangelizing Each Other newspapers for the information of the ALEXANDER says in the civilized world, so that it may be under- . United Presbyterian that many stood why the inhabitants of this country are forced to sacrifice their lives for its Moslems in Egypt are now widely freedom."

discussing Bible teaching and com- [Seal of the Islamo-Christian Conference at ~Vablus.l paring it with the Koran, to the dis- (Signed) "YousSUF."

paragement of the latter. On the ITPlatform for Fifteen Raccs SEEMS to us more a matter for trains in Egypt, in places of blulsoisnleesms~ reg-ret than rejoicing that the Y. in the shops, in the khans, :'II. C. A. at the Syrian Protestant College in Beirut can draw into its will frequently draw a copy of the fellowship so many diverse creeds and sects. Protestants, Catholics, New Testament or one of the Gos- ::laronites, Greek Catholics Svriacs Gregorians, Armenian Catholics: pels from their pocket and read to Copts, Coptic Catholics, Greek Or- thodox of the Syrian, Greek, and their fellows. Educated Moslems Albanian Churches, Druzes, Bahais, S11nni Moslems, Matawalis. Shi'ite usually have the Scriptures in their ::Ioslems,and other sects have been represented this year, in addition to libraries. Many of them have com- many sects of Jews.

mitted portions of the Gospels and Christian standards cannot be maintained nor can the Gospel of of the Psalms to memory. Some Christ be fully proclaimed where so many non-Christians feel at home Il1 have frankly said, "We have nothing a so-called Christian organization.

like the Sermon on the Mount or AFirst Tnrkish Protestant Church TURKISH Protestant Church. the deep spiritual experience of the the first on record, has been es- tablished at lIfarash, Asia :Minor, unwriters of the Psalms." der the leadership of a converted Turkish hodja, or religious teacher. VVhen one realizes that only a few Turkish authorities have issued an edict that it will be lawful to kill this years ago a native Christian was not conyert and all like him as soon as the British leave. The membership allowed to walk on the same side of the church is at present only five. An Armenian pastor assisted in its 0.£ the street with ),Ioslems in Egyp- organization.

tian towns, the change of sentiment MR. Christian Endeavor in Tnrkey AZIZ KASSAB, a business is remarkable. Egyptian magazines man of Beirut, is superintendent of Christian Endeavor in the Turkish are constantly referring in terms of Empire. "The Christian life of the Society members attracts others," he praise to Christian hospitals, schools writes, "until the average society and other institutions but ),·Ioslems are not yet ready to yield allegiance to Jesus Christ, as the Son of God.

Opposition to Zionism MOSLEMS and Christians of Nablus, the strongest )'loslem center in Palestine. have joined forc- es to oppose the Jews and Zionism. _At a r~cent conference they adopted resolutIOns: "I. To boycott the Jews completely as a counter-measure against their covetous spirit toward this country.

"2..To. refuse them dwelling space in our dlstrlct, and to hinder their admittance 0 thereto in every way. "3.. persc:vere in this boycott and Opposltlon unttl there remains no trace of the Zionist idea, or until we perish to the last man "4. To submit' this decision to his Excellency the Chief Administrator of the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

numbers more than twenty. No girl people a deep, passonate love of the mother-land; service and sacrifice; is ever asked to become a member; (2) organizing the work of political education and agitation. study of the requests must come from the public questions, and strengthening the public life of the country; (3) girls themselves. When one makes promoting goodwill and cooperation among the different communities; application for membership the presi- (4) assisting educational movements, especially those for the education of dent writes her name in her note- women, the education of backward classes, and industrial and scientific book and the girl is carefully watched education; (5) helping forward the industrial development of the for three weeks. If her conduct has country; and (6) the elevation of the depressed classes. been really good during that period, The influence of the Societv is out and her teachers report that she is of all proportion to its numerical strength, there being as yet only trying her best to give satisfaction, eleven members: and its weekly or- gan, Indian Social Reformer, 1S she is then admitted. If there is widely read.

doubt, she is asked to wait another C. •vI. S. Review.

month and try harder. All the girls Hinduism "s Christianity consider it a privilege to be admitted SIR GEORGE ADA.'.I SMITH, Principal of Aberdeen Cniverto membership." C. E. World. sitv. declares that India will be the fin"al battle ground of religion. A' C. M. S. to Retire from Arabia similar idea is put forth in a recent review of Dr. Cave's book "Redemp- THE War and its consequences tion, Hindu and Christian." The have brought the Church ::Iis- reyiewer says: sionary Society face to face with the alternative either to extend its work "People sometimes talk as if there in Turkish Arabia or to retire from ,yere so many religions to choose it completely. The lack of recruits, from that the only possibility for a together with the need of strength- wise man was a universal scepticism. ening work elsewhere have pointed But, as a matter of fact, the modern to the latter course. Fortunatelv, man is not confronted bv such a the London Jews Society has decid~d bewildering multiplicity o-f beliefs. to extend its work in Mesopotamia There seem in this twentieth century and to send at least one European to be only two streams of religious clergyman there; and it is hoped that traditions left, between which the other societies already at work in the modern man, if he is going to adhere field or entering it in the future will to any existing religion, has to choose continue the beneficent work, medi- -the Christian stream and the Incal, educational and evangelistic, dian. Within each of these streams founded by the Society. An effort there is indeed a good deal of variety, is also being made to induce the which may still perplex choice–the Reformed Church in the United different forms of Catholicism and States to take up work in Mesopo- Protestantism in the Christian; the tamia. different forms of Hinduism and Buddhism in the Indian; but the first INDIA choice, between the fundamental Christian view of the world and the A Society of Religious Patriotism THE Society of the Servants of India" requires each member upon joining to take a vow that the country shall always be the first in his thought, that in serving the country he will seek no personal advantage for himself, and that he will work for the advancement of all Indians, without distinction of caste or creed. The members direct their a-ctivities toward (1) creating among the

view presupposed in those fOnTIS of mercial classes hundreds of young religion which emanated from the women are learning to be typists, India of the past, this first choice stenographers and bookkeepers; in confronting the modern man is a hospitals they are training to be comparatively simple issue." nurses. In brief, they are doing more and more the things young Dnyanodaya. Indian women are doing in America.

Governnlent by Compromise Social progress is vitally related to womanhood. India needs native TWO vital Indian causes, that of women trained to habits of indepen- responsible home rule and that dent thought and serious study. The of temperance, have been imperiled college women of India will exert an by a move on the part of the Punjab influence out of all proportion to government. Instead of one year, their numbers and they should be the usual tenure of a liquor license, Christians, trained by Christians. they have taken the unaccountable In Christ alone is there salvation. step in five districts of fixing such licenses for a period of three years, A Cornfield Prayer Band and this on the eve of the inauguration oJ the Government of India DURING the past few years there Act. The Financial Commissioner has been a growing practice evades the point when he says that among the Christian community of the extended tenure has been granted Aruppukottai station of doing peronly in districts "subjected to special sonal religious work, one of the scrutiny" and where "off consump- customs being that of a band of tion" has been demonstrated. As a young men who gathered in the cornmatter of fact, anything which in- fields, at the close of day, to pray terferes with the discretion of the and to dedicate themselves to work people in connection with the tem- for others. A writer in The Misperance question is calculated to sionary Herald, Boston, tells of one work harm. of the members of this band, a rich young man, who suffered peculiarly Dnyanodaya. trying persecution because of his faith. His persecutor broke into his Breaking Fetters of Tradition home, beat his young wife, broke open his treasure box and carried I N A RECENT congress of Hindus off valuable jewels. Instead of set- held in the Punjab, three out of ting fire to his enemy's fodder or poisoning his animals, the rich young four of the major resolutions referred man betook himself to the "Cornfield Prayer meeting." There his friends to the condition of women: 1. Pro- prayed mightily, until the still night hibition of early marriage. 2. Edu- air resounded with their voices. Even those who prayed were surprised, for cation of women. 3. Relief of wid- the following Sunday the persecutor came humbly to the Church, asking ows and orphans. forgiveness and baptism.

In another congress held in Bom- Hindn Festivals and Christian Practice bay, the following declaration was MR. M. M. UNDERHILL, a mis- sionary of Nasik, West India, made :. "We are strongly of the suggests the adaptation of Indian fes- tivals to Christian purposes as an opinion that every effort should be important method of evangelizing the Hindus. Such a thing is not new, made to promote and expand the inasmuch as many modern festivals education of women-elementary, secondary and higher." • The war has produced changes there, as in other lands. In striking contrast to conditions a century ago, in one of the cities 22,000 women are employed in factories; in a ladies'

recreation club, women meet each other gladly, paying no attention to difference in caste and creed; in com-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

in Christian lands are of pagan a harvest awaits those who faithfully origin, such as April Fool's Day, plant and water. Hallowe'en and May Day. The Challenge (London) says: Leper BaptisIlls "The Dipavala feast is a com- AT PURULIA, in Behar, the memoration of the victory of Vishnu Church Missionary Society has, over a certain demon, and it is sym- in behalf of the Mission to Lepers, bolic of the triumph of light over undertaken the charge of a large darkness. The word means 'a row leper asylum, which in pre-war days of lamps,' and every house is illum- was managed by the German Evan- inated, even the poorest boasts its gelical Lutheran Mission, The Rev. single little flickering lamp, while E. Cannon of the C. M. S. is now cheerful boys let off squibs and superintendent, and he writes concrackers in the streets. Mr. Under- cerning baptisms among the inmates hill thinks that the fact that the as follows: feast is connected with a Hindu legend need not deter Christian "On Tuesday, January 28, I had people from celebrating it as the the privilege of baptizing 114 adults, triumph of light over darkness, men and women, and thirty-five knowledge over ignorance, truth children, all being lepers except six over error, using the same symbol' children from the untainted children's of lighted lamp. Another day in the home, and three babies who still reyear is set apart as a day of thanks- main with their leper mothers. A giving to the oxen who have toiled in few months ago these people were the fjelds, and to whose labor the in- living in heathenism, and their congathered harvest is largely due. All dition seemed to be hopeless. Now oxen that day are given a rest from they are rejoicing in the fact that work, get an especially good meal, they have found happiness and peace and in the evening they are led in in a Saviour, The transformation of procession about the village with these poor people is really wonderpainted and gilded horns and other fu1." adornments. Mr. Underhill suggests that missionaries make a point of At the harvest festival the collecstudying the principal Hindu feasts, tion £rom the lepers amounted to Rs consult with converts and devise 92 in cash and 328 lbs. of rice. At methods whereby these time honored their own suggestion the English folk tales may be retained in Indian equivalent of this was sent to London Christian communities. for the C. M. S. general fund.

We cannot agree with Mr. Under- lIadura Hospital Dedicated hill's viewpoint. "What fellowship hath light with darkness?" Victory THE buildings which make up the is not gained by compromise but by Madura Hospital for Women and surrender to God. Children were dedicated February 16. The cost of the buildings was about :i.lissionaries needed in Behar $70,000, three-fourths of which was contributed by women and children ANWAR UL HAQQ (The Light in America, the British Government of Truth), a Mohammedan con- giving 50,000 rupees. The need for verted to Christ through Dr. Zwemer such a hospital was so great that 'some years ago and now an ordained patients were admitted during the minister of the Church Missionary process of building, and when the Society in India, has written appeal- doors were formally opened fiftying for missionaries for Behar and six patients were already occupying Chota N agpur. There are many in- beds. During the dedication cereadequately or entirely unoccupied monies, two Hindu gentlemen came !fields in these districts of India, and forward and placed in the hands of the chairman 1,500 rupees. This

donation 'was preceded by gifts of the diplomatic attaches and business 2,000 and 1,000 rupees, totaling' representatives. 4,500 rupees. Opium Pight Wanes Missionary Herald. I'HINA has been loudly applauded Bombay School for BUnd for her fight against opium, but I T WAS during the famine of 1900 the retrograde movement that steadily that the number and utter help- gains momentum proves the need lessness of India's blind population for eternal vigilance and prayer to was brought urgently to the Amer- God for help as the basis of all ican Mission's attention. Investiga- reformation. At present opium is tion proved that of the 600,000 blind being grown freely and openly in people in India, less than three hun- many of the eighteen provinces. All dred were under instruction. Soon over Kweichow the opium trade is the mission had a small class started; most active. A large tract of Kwangsi applications came in from all over is said to be "a veritable poppy garthe presidency, and at length two den." East Szechwan and Shensi bungalows were secured and the are full of opium, and boatloads are Bombay School for the Blind was sent down the rivers to other parts. organized. The need for a new In the province of Yunnan the poppy building became urgent and the is being planted openly after years Government provided the site. A of restriction. A resident of Yunnan gift of $10,000 from America made says: "Let Yunnan but have one possible the beginning of the new year's good crop of opium, and she school, while the gift of 15.000 will produce enough for ten year's rupees from an Indian trust fund consumption by almost every man, completed the building. woman and child in several- provin- ces." In North China enormous Many of the School's attendants quantities of opium pass over the are no", self-supporting. railways under the care of military guards. CHINA Has the prohibition of Indian Peking Union Church opium been carried through merely to substitute Chinese-grown opium? THE need for Christian coopera- The great difficulty in enforcing the tion in Peking, center of political reform legislation is the weakness of and educational influence in China, is the central Chinese Government. recognized by the foreign population of that city ",hich now numbers S{)('iety for Promoting Personal Virtues about 2.000: A. union church has been organized with a membership REV. J. 1I. B. GILL, a missionary of from three to four hundred. The of the Episcopal Church in Nan- Sundav-school numbers -more than king, was recently asked by sixty one hundred. but both Church and young business men to assist in or- Sunday-school are handicapped by ganizing a society for the promotion the lack of a church building and of personal virtues. proper equipment. Preaching services are held in the Y. :1. C. A. These young men are concerned as auditorium, located on a noisy street to the future of China and have come corner, poorly ventilated and 'difficult to the conclusion that before thev to heat. can really help their country they must begin with their own personal The constituency of this union lives. On 1lr. Gill's advice they dechurch comprises the English-speak- cided to unite with a society which ing Chinese, especially returned stu- already existed in NIr. Gill's condents from England and America, gregat10n. A rather unadaptable resident Christian workers from rented building has been fitted up as other lands, United States marines,

NEVS FROM MANY LANDS

temporary headquarters for these demons which had brought her such merged organizations, to provide a grief. This is the outcome of the social room, reading room, game Chinese theory that all children who room, office and a little quiet corner die young are demons that come for personal interviews and prayers. to make trouble for the parents. The men afe planning for a small monthly paper. Mr. Gill is planning JAPAN CHOSE]" to turn over to them the conduct of the night school for poor working Baron Urges the Golden Rule men and bovs, and to enlist them in other possibie forms of service. BAROl' SHIBUSAWA, eminent "United l"lth Heaven Business" among non-Christian Japanese business men, advocates the Golden ELDER YlIAN, a Chinese layman Rule in international relations and acti ve in Christian service, says that present misunderstandings opened a new line of business a between Japan and the United States few years ago, including aniline dye arise from a lack of observance of manufacture and called it "The moral and ethical principles in our Fnited with Heaven Business." relations. In regard to China, he ('.>Dd was made a partner, and the avers that "the prime requisite is a following principles were laid doyvn: development of the spirit of good- will and sincerity. The Baron be- 1. One tenth of all the profits to lieves that a full and frank conbe devoted to extending the Kingdom of God. ference on American-Japanese prob- lems by business men is most timely, 2. The whole of Elder Yuan's share to be thus used. since the politicians have had their 3. ~a drinking or gambling to be chance and failed. .~t the Baron's permitted on the premises. invitation a group of America's com- 4..~ Gospel meeting to be held every evening. mercial leaders will shortly visit 5. ?o business to be done on the Japan. ~' Sabbath. Temples Relegat"d to the Real' 6. Only earnest Christians to be employed. ONE OF the signs that the old re- ligions of Japan are losing their It is not surprising to note that grip is the fact that in many of the the business has prospered. large cities the municipal councils are moving temples. to quieter places, JlisS1011S. or taking over part of their grounds. in order to use the land thus gained The Bondage of Fear for city building. There is a great temple in the center of Kobe, the LATE O~E bitter cold afternoon, gronnds of which some leading men ,,,hen the Chinese do not go wish to add to the city. This is not altogether an enconraging sign, for it abroad if they can ayoid it, a mis- indicates as much a growth of masionarv of Sllantung tells of hearing terialism as a weakening of supera "'ail beside the road. Investiga- stition. tion showed a Chinese mother prostrate beside the dead body of her C. ell!. S. Ret'iew. child, frozen stiff. According to Shantung custom, because the baby OlTerconling Superstition was not yet old enough to be counted a human being. it was not to be I(IYOSHI TANAKA went to a buried but taken away outside the . yillage of central Japan selling village and left for the dogs. Here the distracted mother had brought it BIbles. A farmer showed him a but could not bear to leaye it, and stone with a fence erected around it half frozen herself. was cursing the and said: "This Book which you ha;e brought, and which you say is wntten as a message to us from the

God of Heaven, doubtless contains 2. To investigate the educational some reference to the Stone-god. needs of the people in the light of This stone which you see here, we the religious, social and economic people fear very much, for if any- conditions. one touches it, he becomes suddenly very ill. Not long ago a young man 3. To ascertain to what extent these <thinking this was a matter of su- needs are being met. perstition) trod upon the stone, and was attacked by some disease that 4. To assist the Mission Boards in prevented him from walking." the formulation of plans designed to meet the educational needs of the By way of rejoinder Tanaka picked native races, making adequate use of up another stone, with it broke off the the native resources and providing top of the fearsome stone and threw for the present and prospective de- the fragments into the river. Crowds mands of the country itself. of people stood about, sure that he would give expression to pain but 5. To make available the full rehe assured them he was unharmed. sults of this study to the Cooperat- A few days later he returned to this ing Missionary Societies of North village, sold large numbers of Bibles, America and Great Britain. and was importuned to explain more about the one true God. Many The Committee will start August thanked him for ridding them of the 1 and begin work in Sierra Leone fear of the stone. about September 1. October will be spent in Liberia, November on the Bible Society Gleanings. Gold Coast, December in Nigeria, January in the Kamerun, and Feb- Subduing Natives by Terrorization ruary in Angola. The six weeks following are to be spent in South THE Japanese Government-General Africa and several months in the of Formosa has a plan for ter- Belgian Congo. rorizing the native aborigines into subservience by means of aeroplanes. },1issionary Herald. Five Japanese officers entered military aviation training last August A ~IodeI City for several months study and practice, after which they will launch WALTER WILLIAMS, Methotheir attack upon the unsuspecting dist missionary to Liberia, seaborigines. How does this compare cured land and founded a "New' with a program of the Gospel of YOl'k" for his Methodist families Peace? about seven years ago. After an absence of some years Mr. Williams AFRICA has revisited the town and says: Plan to Appraise Africa "Their ·houses, twentv in number, were neat structures, many of them THE trustees of the Phelps-Stokes built of zinc. The wide central Fund (for helping Negroes), in street was lined with fruit trees in· coopffation with the Committee of full bearing. In every home, family Reference and Counsel of the For- prayers are conducted morning and eign Mission Conference of North night. The Sabbath is scrupulously America plan a survey of Equatorial kept, not even water being carried and West Africa, with the following into New York on Sunday. No indefinite objects: toxicants or tobacco can come into that community." 1. To inquire as to the educational work being done at present in The town authorities require that each of the areas studied by Protes- Christians preside at the native paltant Missionary Societies and by aver court, and heathen chiefs must other agencies. follow the Christians' lead in all municipal matters.

Rfcord of Christian Wark.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Light in Darkest Africa growing congregations. Along these sixty miles of mines we have six THE mayor of Cape Town, South centers where the Lord's Supper is Africa, has instituted a two administered every three months. minute pause at midday, when op- Seldom is there a communion at any portunity is given to spend that one of these centers when less than period in prayer. As soon as the three or four young men are bapmidday gun is fired, a bugle call is tized, and often the number ranges sounded from the balcony of the from eight to fifteen. But for the l'dansion House, and silence is ob- incessantly changing population the served throughout the city. Persons number would be several times in the streets remove their. hats, larger. traffic is stopped and in all the shops both customers and clerks stand "A while ago we opened our tenth silent. chapel on the Rand. This is located twenty-seven miles east of us. This Intruders not Allowed chapel at present serves a large area, so we are already taking steps to WHEREAS outsiders were for- relieve the pressure by putting up bidden under penalty of death another building about two miles to enter the lands of the Chopis away. of Rhodesia less than ten years ago, there are now nineteen teacher pas- Miscellaneous tors at work under the American Methodist Mission in Chopiland. In When May German Missions Return? eighteen centers prayer services are held twice daily, and a school is in A DIFFICULT problem just ahead operation in each. A thousand or for missionary leaders is the remore Chopis of all ages and condi- establishment of the now discredited tions attended a recent quarterly German mission forces in fields forconference. merly occupied by them, and else- where. All thoughtful British and A Growing Church American evangelicals appreciate that in time a door must be opened for REV. F. B. BRIDGMAN writes the German churches to send workers from Johannesburg, South Africa, as well as money into the nonthat in a little more than three Christian quarters of the globe; since months his itinerary has covered it is foreign to any genuinely Chris- 4,500 miles, by rail, motorcycle and tian thought that German Christians horse. "Not since coming to J ohan- should be forever debarred from parnesburg six years ago," says Mr. ticipation in extending the Kingdom Bridgman, "has the church been in of God. It is nevertheless recogsuch encouraging condition. Pastor nized that the feeling of bitterness Ngcobo is a tower of strength. The is still too recent, and thus far no truth has gripped him and he grips representations have been made; but the people. The five evangelists, a conference is planned for this sumfour supported by a Boston friend mer in which American, British and who through his preachers is a French church delegates will meet world-missionary, are effective work- the Germans for consultation on the ers. Our four teachers in the day best way out. A plan will be laid school are fine Christian women. to approach the allied governments Then there is our company of lay with petitions for the reopening of preachers, 125 strong, representing old fields to the German societies, and half a dozen different tribes; keen probably the strategic time for preto go out and witness for Christ. senting the matter will be deter- mined. "In addition to these agencies, the social work is partly responsible for Watchman-E.raminer.

The Church a Safeguard the concern-with the certainty that it would be bid in by competing con- ROGER W. BABSON, whose cerns quite indifferent to the mission- statistical and financial informa- tion bureau has more big business ary motive behind it-when J. H. subscribers than any other such in- stitution in the country, has sent out Oldham and other British mission to his clients pungent letters on the leaders succeeded in persuading the importance of the churches to the officials in charge to wait until a stability and solidity of the nation. British company of Christian busi- He asks them if they realize that the ness men could be formed on a basis securities in their safety-deposit similar to that of the previous Gerboxes would not be worth more than man operation. Thus there was a bundle of old papers if the churches created "The Commonwealth Trust, disappeared. Nothing makes those Ltd.," which invested $300,000 new bonds and stocks and mortgages of money in the enterprise, and in conany value except the honesty of the sideration of its philanthropic purmen who have accepted the invest- pose was permitted to take over the ments and can be depended on to pay Basel properties free of charge. The when the time comes. But if the British investors are to get 5 per churches were not in the world to cent annually on their own new teach honesty, there would be no capital. The rest of the returns will honest men. "For our own sakes, be devoted to the welfare of the for our children's sakes, for the na- native population. tion's sake," he cries, "let us business men get behind the churches and The Continent. their preachel-s." OBITUARY Corporation for Benefit of Natives J)lrs. Henry Loomis of Japan. THE Basel Missionary Society is the only organization that has OJ' APRIL 28th .Mrs. Jane Hersuccessfully worked out commercial ring' Loomis, the wife of Dr. operations in connection with mis- Henry Loomis, the oldest missionarv sions. Years ago the Basel execu- now living in Japan, died in Yokotives organized a subsidiary trading hama. corporation, which has maintained its posts in. connection wjth the :[rs. Loomis was born in Roxbury, society's mission stations both in .lIass., and spent her early life in India and on the Gold Coast of Vest New England. On the death of her Africa. Not onlv has the business father she lived with her sister in contributed greatly to the material Auburn, J-. Y. and married Dr. prosperity of native converts in both Loomis. In 1872, two months after countries-affording them a market their marriage, they came to Japan, for their products and consequently and remained here for four vears a great incentive to the Christian when Dr. Loomis was forced t~ revirtue of industry-but it has also turn to America on account of ill contributed large sums to mission ex- health. Thev returned in 1881 and pense besides building up great assets have lived here ever since. Doctor of its own. Loomis came out first under the Presbyterian Board from which he 'When the war began the Company resigned, due to ill health, and then owned half a million dollars worth came out the second time as a repof property in Africa and India. resentative of the American Bible This was sequestrated by the British Society, with which he was connected Government as alien wealth, and for thirty years. government agents were just on the point of selling out the whole of :!'.1rs. Loomis' father was Secretary of the American Board of Foreign Missions, and her brother, Dr. D. C. Greene, was the first missionarv under the American Board to Japan.

MISSIONARY LJIJBlRA.R1

Work and Play in the Grenfell Mission. predict that few readers will allow more than six hours to elapse before Extracts from the Letters and the book is read through. Journal of Hugh Payne Greeley, lIf. D., and Floretta Elmore Greeley. Illustrated, 192 pp. New York. Fleming H Revell Com- A Better World. By Tyler Dennett.

pany. $1.50. 1920. 173 pp. New York. George H.

As if inspired by MTs. John G. Doran Company. $1.50. 1920.

Paton's "Letters from the New This is a plain, hard piece of argu- Hebrides," this brilliant couple have mentation written by a man of world- given an account of medical work on wide observation, an attendant at the the northeastern coast of Newfound- Peace Conference.

land that has put Pilley's Island per- After the reader has studied his way manently on the map. Letters. fol- through the seven chapters, he will lowing one another in quick succession feel intellectually rewarded for having and all of them as humorously writ- kept awake through the process by at- ten as Arthur Smith's "Chinese Char- taining to certain Christian convic- acteristics," acquaint the absorbed tions as to the world. Peace and the reader with the common happenings of ,League of .:-,rations are assumed.

the life of a doctor and his wife in a though not exactly existent; and then sub-arctic environment. The religious the author tackles the problem as to work of the mission appears only in how the 635,250,000 of the Christian very rare allusions to the doings of the sector of the world circle of 1,650,- "Methodys" on the hill-the Christmas 000,000 is to make better the sub- Sunday sermon with text taken from merged sixty-two per cent.

the burning of Sodom and Gomorrah The author reviews in 3uccession and reminding the hearer that "the the League of Nations as related to a lost souls bite their burning tongues changing world; the relations of without relief" and that there is no- Christianity; democracy and interna- thing in the "Holy Scriptures" which tionalism; Europe as affected by, the can give the slightest ray of hope for Var and religion; the waning power the souls of the damned, and the later of the non-Christian religions and revi,'al services when Mr. A-holds Christianity's place in their midst: daily meetings at which he hopes all what Christianity is likely to be and those "still in the world" will "cry and do in the next century. There are six weep their way to Jesus." Yet de- very strong pages on "Vhy Foreign spite such sinister silences and expres- Missions ?"-and, lastlv, comes the sions, the volume is full of good works chapter on the "Xe~ Patriotism,"

of healing. of cooking classes and Bov which is a sort of pious fanfare suit- Scouts, anel a pathetically miraculous able to close a good book. Here is Christmas tree which recalled Para- his Amen: "We are born individual- elise to many. The quaint dialect of ists; we must be born again, both men the more than "Cape Cod folks," the and nations. born into the world of mani fold beauties of Newfoundland social obligation and responsibility.

scenery on land and sea, so artistically In the making of this discovery of the pictured, the pathos of imm)lred lives inescapable Gospel of Tesus Christ and moving experiences of suffering. lies the hope of peace for the world."

the coming of mother and then of The book is written from the stand- babv David, and the Grenfell spirit of point of a man 'ho expects world re- it all make the book fascinating-even generation through Christian Social if the Labrador Hamlet is left out of reconstruction rather than through his play pretty largely. It is safe to personal spiritual new birth.

655

Madagascar, a Century of Adventure. Ahab's Queen, and the blood- Robert Griffith. Illustrated, maps. drenched throne of Christ Jesus in 79 pp. London: London Mis- Heaven. Neither as a book of fact sionary Society. Is. 6d. 1919. nor as a work of fiction can we com- mend it very highly. One of a series of booklets of the "Survey Series," edited by Dr. Coch- Hudson Taylor, The Man Who Dared. rane, formerly of Peking. Vhile in- Told for You.ng People. By spired by the Laymen's Movement of Marshall Broomhall. 74 pp. 2 the London Missionary Society, it also shillings net. 1920. tells of the work of the other six Protestant Societies laboring on.the Island. The life of this dauntless man is described as an obstacle race in a way The "adventure" element is only to intere3t the youthful mind which mildly present. though the history of always delights to see anyone "play Missions there in the period of the the game." Emphasis is put upon the awful persecutions was fuller of way in which Hudson Taylor proyed peril and holy daring than that God and attempted great things for of almost any other field. The Him. main issue is rather that of trying to see what ought to be done to carry African Scout Stories. By Robert the work of a successful century to a Keable and Edward Sedding. 72 conclusion. With the 164 missionaries pp. $0.80. The MacmiIlan Comand 7,657 pastors and preachers lead- pany. 1920. ing on the 74,817 church members, it ought to be possible to win the Island's "Padres" Keable and Sedding as million and a half unreached people. scoutmasters found many ways of pre- These are mainly in the northern half senting the Gospel to the lads of Moof Madagascar. The story of mission- hammedan Zanzibar, and in these ary methods employed from the begin- stories present vividly the adventureE ning and now is interesting; and the of scoutcraft. Each chapter also reunhappy influence of France since veals the way this organization was 1895, especially in its effects upon edu- used for the strengthening of Christ's cation, raises another question mark Kingdom among the brown Africans. as to lands controlled by that Power, especially when a strong Roman Cath- The School of Mother's Knee. By olic agency is present. One could wish Margaret T. Applegarth. 249 pp. that the plans adopted in 1913 as to $1.50. Woman's American Bapreallotment of fields and joint action tist Foreign Mission Society. could have been carried through. 1920. Rome's attitude and the rapidly ~row­ ing Mohammedan propaganda in the Since the world began children have west half of the Island are dangef3 been playing at being someone or which ought to quicken the activity something else,-playing to become and strengthen the faith of all mission- socially, physically and mentally aries working there. stronger. Miss Anplegarth provides a wealth of suggestions for the busy Between Scarlet Thrones. By Flor- mother who is continually puzzled with ence Willingham Pickard. Illus- the plaintive question, "Vhat can I trated. 223 pp. Price $1.50. The do now?" in the games, stories and "things to do" that open the child Stratford Company. B' ai r ton, heart wider toward the unseen folk of other lands. She shows how mis- Mass. sionary interest can be woven into each daily happening, like lacing up This story of the time of the Pro- shoes or a bath. As the author 3ays phet, Elijah and of Ahab, the King of in her introduction, it will be a glorious Israel is a vivid portrayal of the contribution to the world of tomorrow wickedness and the wonders of the if this development of the children's age according to the imagination of the interest in Christ-less lands can thin author. "The Scarlet Thrones" refer the endless ranks of the nominal to the sin-dyed throne of Jezebel, Christians. Singing Mountains. By A. B. Cunning- Victor Portable Stereopticon ham. 12mo. 315 pp. Doran. New York, 1920. The choice 01 thousands 01 clergymen Much romance is hidden in the Southern Mountains. Here is a (For use with or without electric current) story of boys brought up in the family of a common sense preacher Thi"';s an era of visualization in the highlands of West Virginia. It is full of mild adventure and Visualize gives a clear picture of the assets and liabilities of life under pioneer- Religious and Educational Studies ing conditions. In his characters, Mr. Cunningham reminds us of BY John Fox, Jr. Victor Standard Featherweight Slide Subjects Hand book for Pioneers. A Program of Christian Citizenship Training for Our Slide Library contains over Boys Twelve to Fourteen years of 18,000 Subjects and progresses with age. Illustrated. 1919. Association Press the changing demand.

Manual for Leaders-Pioneers Special Slides made from any Copy.

Handbook for Comrades. A program Catalogues and Trial Terms mailed of Christian citizenship training for upon request. boys fifteen, sixteen, and seventeen years of age. Manual for leaders- THE MANUFACTURERS Comrades. Illustrated 342 pp. As- sociation Press New York, 1920. VICTOR ANIMATOGRAPH COMPANY The Boy Problem is real, it is (Incorporated) vital; it is of absorbing interest. These studies, plans and sugges- 216 Victor BId". DAVENPORT, IOWA tions will be valuable to leaders of boys in the Y. M. C. A., in Sunday- "Oht For a Thousand Tongues schools and elsewhere. The program provides for intellectual, phy- to Sing sical, devotional and service fea- My Dear Redeemer's Praise" tures of boy culture, with credits for progress in each direction. Var- A practical way of fulfilling ious tests are indicated, with per- this desire is offered through cenitage values, for fundamental and supplemental training. The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems The devotional tralllmg, for example, for boys of 15, 16, and 17 REV. ,SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D., of Cairo, President include regular attendance at ROBERT E. SPEER, of New York, Vice-Ptesident church and Sunday-school, participation in worship and definite serv- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, of New York, Vice·President ice to the pastor; cooperation in class work; Bible study, reading of Islam does not see the glory certain specified books; personal of the Incarnation, the Atonehabits of prayer and Bible reading; ment and the Holy Trinity, and self control, good habits and unselfish helpfulness. denies the integrity of the Scriptures. Similar programs and tests are laid down for other features of There is, however, a new spirit development. Games are outlined, of inquiry everywhere and swimming and first aid are de- Mohammedans are eager for scribed, lists of books are given and in many other ways these hand- the Christian message. books and manuals are made valua- The Literature published by ble for leaders of boys in America the Society is evangelical and and in all other lands. adapted to the Moslem mind. It goes even where no mission- aries are allowed.

Funds are urgently needed to preach the Gospel to Mohammedans through the printed page, Send gifts to MRS…E. . E. OLCOTT:.Treaslrer.~3Z2. Weat TSth St.• New York – — Write for information to M"RS-:1AMES"MONTGOMERY, See'y,'BoJ: 888, New York City Pleas~ mention THE MISSIONARY RE:VI:E;W OF 'tHE WORLD in writinK" to advertisers GORDON The Victory Life. By John T. Faris, D. D. 12mo. 220 pp. American Bible Tract Society, New York. 1919. College Dr. Faris has successfully "en- T HEOLOGICAL. Mission.ry. Reli- deavored to present a plain record gious-Educational College course of of some of those who have learned 4 years, college degree of T. B. Grad- how easy it is to forget the brown uate school of Theology. 3 year course. earth while they look at the blue sky; who win victory for them- graduate degree of B. D. Two year selves and bring brightness into the lives of others." The book is collegiate training course. Interdenom- an inspiration to those who are inational. Of full college and graduate seeking to live "the life more grade. with a wide range of studies. per_ abundant" and will find a place in meated by a remarkable evangelical many a closet to be picked up and spirit. Notable faculty and .tuden• perused, one chapter at a time, for body. New and beautiful fireproot rest and refreshment. Each of the buildings. with dormitories. Organized sixty-one chapters contains one or religious work. Self-support. For c.t- more incidents from the lives of alog .nd correspondence address men and women who have made this world a better place to live in NATHAN R. WOOD, President because of the victories they have Gordon Bible College Boston, Mass. won.

$100.00 Padre–A Red Cross Chaplain In for Your Church France. By Sartell Pren ti ce, D. D. 12mo. 320 pp. $2.00. E. Today's Housewife has helped P. Dutton & Co., N ew York. churches allover the country 1919. to raise funds in a refined, dig- nmed manner. Far superior We need war stories, ;!Uch as to the usual, threadbare, tiring are still coming from the press, in supper, sociable or bazaar. order to keep awake to the terrible Not a cent of expense or risk. sacrifices that were made and the Write tcday for details, Church nobility of character that was Aid Department, brought out in the recent world conflict. Today's I-Iousewife, Dr. Prentice tells a thrilling tale 100 Main St. of his own experiences as a chap- lain at the front. As his work was Cooperstown, New York in connection with hospitals his book concerns the physical condi- tion of the men a little more than one would expect in a chaplain's story. He was first at Base Hos- pital WI, at St. Nazaire, and later at Evacuation Hospital Number 13, at Commercy. He was first assigned to the duty of censoring the boys' letters in a hospital of 800 beds, and was also told that he was responsible for .the burial of the dead, and that the authorities would be duly grateful for any other service he could render. He did his best to give the boys all the joy and cheer that were pos- sible, reading the morning papers aloud in the different wards, telling stories, writing letters, and acting as an interpreter for those who did not know French. He went with many a boy into the operating Please mention THE MISSIONARY R:£VIl;W OF THlt WORLD in writing to advertisers room and held his hand while he Just Out! was passing into the darkness of oblivion; he talked and prayed '10 I!VJOF.1J.NT EOOKS with those who had special need, By Visitors and held services in hospital and churchyard for those who were able NOW STIRRING AMERICA to attend. By his loving sympathy and kindly manner 'he won the Sadhu Sundar Singh confidence of many and heard the 'Ine Ufe of the convert£d Sikh-one of the most restory of many tragedies enacted markable evangelists of tbe world. known as "The on the battlefield. Apestle of India."

To follow the Padre through one By MRS. ARTHUR PARKERI:' busy day is to see clearly the working of a great Base Hospital, I (]T:acTi Mif,sitJ"tuy Sod~ty, Triuwdrum, Indio as well as to see what a comfort such a man can be. Dr. J. H. Jowett ffcent1y said: "r feel it an honorto Armenia and the Armenians. By Kev- have rEside me in my pulpit a native Christian from ork AsIan, translated from the India who has been so mercifully blessed in Christ- French by Pierre Crabites. 8vo. ian work. xxix plus 138 pp. Macmillan & Co., New York, 1920. lllu8tratl'd, $1.25 net This authoritative history of the The Three Hour Sermon Armenians, translated into English from the French bv some unfamiliar GOD-SIN-SALVATION author, is a timely contribution to By Paul M. Kanornori the study of the Near Eastern question. It is a history, not a political 'The wonderful selmon by the "Moody of Japan" essay, so that the discussion of the which has s(cund Dearly to,OOO conversions among aspirations of the Armenians today …..–0 is limited to the very readable intro- the Japanese. duction. It is unfortunate that the bearing of the American missionary Robert E. Speer says: "Many will be able now to see work of the past one hundred years how an able Japanese, wHh such an experience. upon Armenian literature and edu- CQuld put the Christian mEssage-an exhibit in cation is not mentioned. The con- Christian allolygetics, co-operative religion and nection between Armenian history eva ngelistic method." and that of the Assyrians, ~fedes, Persians, Greeks, Romans and the Cloth Binding. $1.25 nations of more modern times is made clear to the student of history; Fleming H. Revell but to the lay reader, the multiplicity of unfamiliar names is forbidding, Company and the absence of a map in such a treatise is an unpardonable omis- New York: 158 Fifth Avenue sion. There are also some glaring Chicago: 17 N. Wabash Avenue errors and misprints that should have been avoided in so authoritative a HARTFORD history that preserves, as this does even in a double translation, some- W. Douglas Mackenzie President thing of the flavor of the original sources in the Armenian language. Theological Seminary Dean. M. W. Jacobus School of Religious Pedagogy Dean. E. H. Knight Kennedy School of Missions Dean. E. W. Capen Through these associated schools Hart- ford offers full training for: .

1. The Christian ministry, 2. The whole field of religious edu- cation. 3. The foreign field.

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Please mention THE MISSIONARY Revn:w OF 'tHE WOltLD in writing tf advertisers ftlontgonnery VVard MISSIONARY PERSONALS & Connpany DR. W. J. WANLESS has just been hon- ored by receiving from the British Govern- Manufacturers and Ezporters ment the First Class Kaiser-I-Hind Medal of General Merchandise for his distinguished services to India. The fame of Dr. Wanless and his surgery Have catered to the requirement. of reaches from one end of India to the other, Missionaries In all parts of the world, and the hospital at Miraj has become a for over 25 years. heaven to suffering people. The Hospital has been self-supporting for more than You are Invited twenty years. A building for a Conval- escent Home was a gift last year from the to write for a copy of our large Catalog Maharajah of Kolhapur. of general Merchandise and our special *** Missionary Circular DR. GRIFFITH THOMAS and MR. C. G. We guarantee safe delivery TRuMBur,L, Editor of the Sunday School anywhere Times of Philadelphia, have sailed for Asia, to address several conferences in MONTGOMERY WARD &: COMPANY Japan, China and Korea this summer. Mr. Trumbull will attend the Iforld Sunday· Miuionary Bureau Schoo! Convention at Tokyo in October, CHICAGO, ILL. and Dr. Griffith Thomas will visit South China to give a series of addresses. Bound Volumes *** of JOHN L. MaTT, a son of Dr. John THE MISSIONARY R. Mott, sailed in February for In- dia, where he will work among students ~t£WORLD as a Foreign Secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association. He is now in N ag- for 1919 pur in the Central Provinces giving his major attention to language 5tudy. handsomely and substantially bound in red cloth with gold lettering $4.00 a volume. * >I< >I< If you return your single copies for the year, the bound volume will be sent for $2.00. MR. R. A. DOAN, of the Disciples Church, Order now-have this veritable cyclopedia has been in the Far East for several of missionary knowledge in a convenient and months. He is studying the situation durable form-ready for instant reference. in Japan, and assisting the workers with his advice and sympathy. Missionary Review Pub. Co. Mr. and Mrs. Doan have visited every 156 Fifth Ave., station in Japan and every institution and New York. every home connected with ·the mis5ion.

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I Light on t h e N e a r E a s t :il'IUllllllllftllllllliIIUUlIIIIUUlllllftIllDUlWIIIIIIJIUIIWWUIIDlIIIIIIIIIIIIII:lUILIRUImIUIfIIIIIIIlIIIIIIWlUIIIIIIWIUlIIIIIIWIIIIIIJIIIUDtlIHIWlllllluiwlWUlIWDWIIUw.uUuIfRlUUlunlllDIIIDIUIIWJl!!llIUIJIIIl1111118111011111111111111111111 Iia Those who desire to see the startling and kaleidoscopic changes now going on in the Near East-changes that are not merely political, but far deeper-should read the JULY NUMBER-JUST OUT-of THE MOSLEM WORLD It is, as always, inte:nal1onal in its list of contributors and in this issue sweeps the field, Egypt to China.

JULY CONTENTS: FRONTISPIECE-MAP 01 the Border Marches of Islam through Africa EDITORIAL-The Inadequacy of Statistics THE BORDER MARCHES OF ISLAM W. J. W. Room~ KURDISTAN FOR CHRIST Blanche Wilson Stead. M. D.

THE SZ'CHUAN MOSLEM Jame. Hutson UP FROM MOHAMMEDANISM Matias Qua!lra THE CITY OF CAIRO . Samuel M. Zweiner § THE FUTURE OF TURKEY Mirza Mahmud Ahmad e" N. J. Lohre THE HIGHLANDERS OF KURDISTAN I PAUL AND OMAR Haaaan Abd-ul-Messih Kadri GOVERNMENT EDUCATION FOR GIRLS IN PERSIA Anna Stocking Boyce Send Your Salncription Today $1.25 The Moslem World I 35c. I a year 156 Fifth Avenue New York City a,,~oPY ~lIlllIImmmnntI_nlnrrnmrunllllllllllllllDlll.llllnnllnnmnmmlJJllllllllllllnllPlR_ _IIIIIIJIIIIIIIIaU~_lIn.I••1I1II1111111111mDlltllllnlli Please mention THE MISSIONARY Rltvn:w OF TH£ WORLD in writing to advertisers

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The Missionary Review of the World — 1915 Index

gMiss{onary CJ(eview

of the World VOL. XXXVIII. OLD SERIES VOL. XXVIII. NEW SERIES Founded in 1878 by Editor·in·Chief, 1888 to 1911 REV. ROYAL G. WILDER, D.D. REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D.D.

JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1915 EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON ASSOCIATE EDITORS BELLE M. BRAIN .REV. D. L. LEONARD, D.D.

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F.R.G.S. MRS. F. M. GILBERT EDITORIAL COUNCIL REV. LEMUEL CALL BARNES, D.D. REV. J. STUART HOLDEN PROF. HARLAN P. BEACH REV. GEORGE HEBER JONES, D.D.

REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.D. ]. ERNEST McAFEE MRS. HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY REV. HUGH L. BURLESON, S.T.D.

W. T. DEMAREST MRS. FRANK MASON NORTH W. E. DOUGHTY MRS. WALLACE RADCLIFFE REV. JOHN G. FAGG, D.D. REV. H. F. SWARTZ, D.D. REV. FRED P. HAGGARD, D.D. HARRY WADE HICKS REV. F. C. STEPHENSON, M.D. REV. CHARLES R. WATSON, D.D.

REV. STANLEY WHITE, D.D.

FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY NEW YORK LONDON

BY FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY Printed in the United States

OF ONE VOLUME OF THE MISSIONARY REVIE W OF THE

Each INDEX FOR 1915 MAPS, CHARTS, AND CARTOONS PAGE PAGE Abdul Kerim's Journey in Search of TIlinois Sunday-schools, Mr. J. D. Temple- Knowledge ………………………. 743 ton's Policy for ………………….. 696 Africa, Outline of …………………… 938 Overcome Evil with Good .. _…….. _…••. 366 America-Where the Unevangelized Indians Physician's Chart of Four Societies ..••••••• 136 Porto Rico . _……………………….. Map Live …………………………… 745 Cats, Korean ……………………….. 698 Soda or Children-Which?…………….. 617 Charts used at the New England Convention Turkish Empire and Surrounding Conntries, of Methodist Men…………………. 6 Protestant Missions in the ………… 837 China •………….•••••.•••••.••… .489, 663 What Does this Represent? ……………. 452 How Many? ……………… "……… 50 Woman's Work in the Local Church .•••.••• 138 PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE PAGE Adana, Group of Morning Patients at the Arabia, Corner of the Kuweit Dispensary .. 735 International Hospital in ……..•.•..• 189 – Gothic Arches of a Coffee·Shop in Kuweit 733 – Opera-ting Room of the Kuweit Dispensary 731 Africa, Arab at Prayer in the Desert of – Scene in the Kuweit Bible Shop ••.••.••• 359 North …..•.••.••.••.••.•.•..••..•.• 409 – Sheik Mobarrek of Kuweit, who gave the – Bedouin Arab Tents in North …••.••..•.• 277 land for the Mission House…………. 737 – Illustrated Missionary Sermon in……… 348 – Some of Our Sisters in……………… 727 – One of the Better Types of Moslem Homes Arabian Patients–Woman and Child ……. 732 Argentine. Mission School and Part of the in North •.•…•• • • • • . . . . • • . • . . . • • • • •• 408 _ South, Christian Basuto Girls in.••••••.• 265 Presbyterian Congregation in Rosario … 757 – – Native Basuto Chief and his Men in .• 262 Armenia, Turkish Soldiers on the March in.. 187 – – Native Canoes on the Zambesi River •• 263 Battle Harbor Hospital for Labrador Fisher- – – Some Basuto Heathen Girls …•…… 264 Algiers, Teacher and Girl Pupils in tbe Metho- men ……………………………. 922 Bedouin Arab Tents in North Africa …….. 277 dist Mission …………………….. 413 – Women-Worth Saving ….•..••.•..••• 278 America, Dr. Wrigbtnour baptising Russians Bible Congress at the San Francisco Expo- in Scranton, Pa. .., •••..••.•…•••.•• 925 sition, Billy Sunday at the …………. 830 – First Russian Convention in…………. 927 Bohemia, Birthplace of John Hus in Arab at Prayer in the Desert of North Africa 409 – Children of the North Africa Mission Husinetz ……………………….. 511 Bolivia, Home of Some of the Neglected School ……………… .. •.. .. • • • … 279 – Country Boy ……………………… 415 .Aimara Indians ' " • _• • .. . .. .. • .. .. • •• 809 -Two Puma Indians of……………… 815 Arabia, Camel Corps of Soldiers in Oman ••.• 357 Burma, Morton Lane Burmese Girls' School, – Christmas Crowd in the Mi..ionary's Court- Moulmein •. .. . . • .. . .. • .. . .. . • • • .. • … 44 yard, Kuweit ……… • .. • .. • .. • .. … 729 BUnQese Girls of the Morton Lane School, – Corner of the Calverley Dining· and Slt- Going to Church ………………… 4S ting·Room in Kuweit ……………… 730 Calverley, Mrs. E. E., and Daugbter Grace. 121 PAGE PAa& Canada. Inside the Russian Mission in Mon- Education in China, Modern Scientific…… 95 treal .••…..•••••.•.••..•…•••••.••• 926 Egypt, Camp near the Great Pyramids of, Candle-Lighting for Christmas•..•.•••••.•• 862 Where Y. M. C. A. meetings are held .. 435 Car of the Orthodox Church for Use in Erzerum, Turkey, Street in ••••••.••••••••• 184 Eskimo Church·Members in their Underground Russia and Siberia, Religious …•••..•• 755 Changsha, Special Mat Shed Erected for the House, Episcopal ………………… 526 Folder announcing Robert E. Speer……… 454 Evangelistic Meetings in •••..•••••••.•. 170 Foochow, Chinese Officials at Evangelistic China, Ancient Educational System………. 94 _ Ancient Superstitious Religious Obser· Meetings in ……………………… 171 France, Holding Protestant Services in War- vances in ••…..•.• • . • • . . • • • • • • • • . . • • 96 _ Ancient Walls of Ka<> Mi City, Shantung 593 time …………………………… 60S _ Assembly Hall, Chone Tibetan Monastery.. 670 – One of the McAll Mission Boats in ••.••• 608 – Where Roman CathOlics are Successfully – Christian Training for the Future Mothers and Teachers of .••.••..•…••••••••..• 271 reached in ……………………… 612 French Army Corps, Ambulance Service…. 609 – Crossing the Snow·Clad Mountains in Fuchau, China, Girls of the Church Mission. Kansu .•..•…..•..•.••.•..••.•…… 669 ary Society School in…………….. 27l _ Dr. Glover with Christian and Missionary Glover, Dr., and Christian and Missionary Al· Alliance Chinese Evangelists in Kansl1 Province •••.••••••••••••• , ••••••••••• 671 liance Chinese Evangelists in Kaniou Prov- ince ……………………………. 671 _ Dr. Sun Yat Sen at a Modem Railroad – – and two typical Tibetans of Ando Provo Station, Tsinanfu •••••••••.••••••••••• 87 ince ., …………..•..••••••••…•••• 673 Grenfell, Dr. W. T. • …………………. 918 _ Entrance to one of the Walled Cities of.. 589 Gren£ell's Hospital Steamer "Strathcona" in _ Former Female Bondage in…. ••. .••••• .• 90 Winter Quarters………………….. 919 _ Glimpse of the Road through a Gorge in Griffis, Miss Margaret, and her Pupils Forty Years ago ………………………. 0498 Southern Kansu ..•..•..••.• • • • • • • . • .• 665 Hangchow. Educated Chinese outside the _ Inland Mission Council, Shanghai, in 1905, theater in ………………………. 167 – October, 1914, Evangelistic Meeting for Members of the ………………….. 481 women in __ ……..••• _• • • • • • • • • • • • •• 16~ —Mottoes …………………….. 934 Harput, Euphrates College Building of the _ Missionary's Mule-Litter Crossing a Bridge- American Mission at……………… 184 Higginbottom, Prof. Sam .••••••.•••.••.•.•• 241 less River ………………………. 87 Higgins, Frank E…………………….. 197 _ Modern Commerce Entering the Cities .•• 590 – – conduc'ting a Camp Meeting………. 199 – – entering a Lumber Camp…………. 199 – Modem Ruler of………………….. 93 Home Missions as a Social Force, Example of 123 __ Modern Scientific Education in……….. 94 Hus, John ………………………….. 509 _ New Freedom for women in………… 91 – – Going to the Stake Five Hundred Years ' – New Open D()ors in, ………………. 167 ago ……………………………. 513 – Plan of the Quadrangle of Nanking Uni· Ibuka, Dr. I. • .••…..•.•.•…•.•..••.•••• 641 Immigration, Poster for Meeting on, …..•• 451 versity …..•……..•. ,………….. 100 India, Agricultural Department of Ewing _ Sample Out·Station Congregation in Honan Christian College. Allahabad .•..•….•• 247 — Breaking up the Soil with an American Province ……. . .. . .. . . • • .. .. .. .. . … 491 Plow in ………………………… 252 _ September, 1914, Christian Evangelistic — Grown on the Mission Farm in………. 254 – Group of People Baptised in North .•••. 915 Meetings Inside Peking……………. 167 – Group of Villagers Listening to the Gospel _ Some of the Open Minds in …………. 161 in …••….••.•••••••••.•••••••.•.••• 881 – West, New China Inland Mission Hospital – Man Who Broke Down the Idol's Altar in 913 – Mission Crop of Sorgum Vulgare in .••••• 255 at Paoning ……………………… 492 – Mohammedans at Prayer in Front of the – Work of "White Wolf" in …………… 667 Chinese "Court of Righteous Judgment," Great Mosque, Delhi. …………….. 741 – Native Indian Plow Scratching the Surface 253 Ancient ………………………… 92 – Newspapers, Twenty-seven-Secular Allies – Old ano!. the New Way of Threshing in •• 249 – One of the Settlement Huts in……….. 258 of Christianity ………………….. 595 – People Gathering for the Meeting at whieh – Officials at Evangelistic Meetings in Foo- 500 Peopie were Baptised in one day…. 911 chow …………………………… 171 – Starting out t() attend a Village Meeting in – Soldiers practising Archery, Old-Time…. 88 – Troops, Modern Foreign-<irilled………. 88 North ………………………….. 90~ _ Walled Cities, Another Way of entering. 591 – South, Settlement of the Criminal Caste Cloud, Rev. Henry Roe………………. 321 Club House in the "Zone," Girls' ___ •..•… _ 832 in Nellore ………………………. 257 Indian Boy's Favorite Pastime ………….. 335 Cuba, Cultivated Product in ……………. 179 – Dancers at a Church Festival, One of the _ One of the Natural Products in .•..•••••• 178 _ One of the New Christian Institutions in 180 Masked South American •• • • • • • • • • • • •• 813 _ Recent Public Improvement in ……….. 175 – Under the Old Regime in ………….. 176 _ Under the New Regime in …………… 177 Ding Li Mei…………………………. 81 Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan ….••••.• 651 Eddy's Evangelistic address, 1914, Audience at Hangchow listening to Sherwood ••••.• 161 Eddy's Opening Meeting in Peking. Sher.

wood ………………………….. 167

INDEX

rAGE PAGE Indian in his HWar Bonnet," ClOne Star"- Nanking University, Some Recent Graduates Pull-blooded .•……•..•………•.. " 328 of …………………………….. 102 – Method of Deep Tilling.. ""…… .. …. 251 Nebraska, Rev. and Mrs. Wm. G. Findley in – Motherhood ill South America ……….. 601 Front of the Church at Winnebago •••• 334 – Mowing·Macbine .. • .. • • .. • .. . • . • • . • • • .• 251 – ready for a bare-back Horse Race …….. 333 Newfoundland, Orphanage, St. Anthony…. 921 Indians at Mescal·Worship in a Ten·l at Win- – School at 5t.Anthony……………….. 920 "One Star"-Full·blooded Crow Indian in his nebago. Neb. .. ………. " ……….. 203 International Missionary Union, Clifton "War Bonnet" • ~ ••••••••••.••.••.•••• 328 Panama·Pacific Exposition. Processional Be. Springs, June, 1915 …………….. 676 Investments in America and Asia ••..•••••• 524 fore Sunday Afternoon Service in Front of Y. W. C. A. Building ………….. 827 Isaacs, Sir Rufus Daniel. ……………… 891 Paris, Central BuildiRg of tbe McAL! Mission 606 Japan, Afternoon Tea·Party, Y. W. C. A., Pastors Studying Home Missions as a Social Force ………………………….. 121 Summer Conference, 191 3 …………. 505 Peabody, Mrs. Henry W. …………….. 561 – Class in Science at Mary Colby School ..• 501 Peet, William W. ……………………. 182 – One Result of Christian Missions in ..•. 648 Peking, Students leaving the meetings con· – School House of the American Mission dueled by Sherwood Eddy in ……•.• 167 Persian Gulf. Missionary Clinic at Kuweit, Home, Yokohama, Forty Years Ago .•• 497 on the ..•.•••…•..•.••….••..•….• 358 – Typical Conference of Cbristian Workers Pierson, Arthur T. • •••••.•••••••••••••••• 1 – Memorial Bible School, Seoul, Korea, from Twenty.otbree Churcbes in Kobe. 33 Plans for tbe Arthur T. • ..•..•..•.•• 459 – View of Doshisha University, Kyoto ..•. 651 – Memorial Bible School, Robert E. Speer Japanese Missionary Kindergarten •….••. 503 Laying the Corner-stone of the Arthur T. 917 – Women's Institute in 1910, Miss Tsuda's 500 Pocket Testament League sbowing their Tes- Kabyle Girls' Class at the Methodist Mission, 'taments, Scotch Members of the…….. 429 Porto Rico, Baptist Training·School Building El Matin, Algeria ……………….. 412 at San Piedras ……….•…..•.••.•• 582 Kavali Settlement, Women of tbe Criminal — – Presbyterian Hospital at San Juan •.•• 583 – – San German, Early Capital of •.•…. 579 Caste at the •.•.•..••..••••.•••••••.• 259 Poster for Missionary Meeting ••••••..•.•• 458 Korea, Plans of the Arthur T. Pierson Bible Promised Land, Looking for the………… 887 Roe, Mrs Walter C., William Barnes, Jr., School. Seoul …………………. " 459 and Henry Roe Cloud ……………. 337 – Robert E. Speer Laying the Corner-stone Russia and Siberia, Religious Car of the Or· thodox Church for Use· in ………. .. 755 of ~he Pierson Memorial Bible School in 917 ~ Interior of Re1igious Car in …………. '" 769 Korean, Baron Yun Chi-Ho, Christian…•.. 506 Russian Convention in America, First…••.• 927 Kuweit, Mission Hospital in •••…••…•.• 734 – Mission in Montreal ••••.•..•..••.••… 926 – on the Persian Gulf, Missionary Clinic at 358 Russians in Scranton, Pa., IDr. Wrightnour Labrador Fishermen. Battle Harbor Hospital Baptizing .•….•••••••……•.••..•••• 925 Salvation Army Motor Ambulances at the for …………………………….. 922 Disposal of the British Army ••..••.•..• 433 Lawn Map of South America at Union Col· San Francisco Exposition, Billy Sunday at the Bible Congress at the ………•… 830 lege, Scbenectedy, N. Y ..•••••••••.•.• 215 Santee Mission School, Nebraska, Wbitney Liang, C. S_, of Hongkong, and F. B. Smith 31 Hall ……•……………….•…… 336 Lodsin, Rev. Michael S. . …………….. 928 Scotch Members of the Pocket Testament Lull, Raymund, at Palma, Majorca, Statue of 416 League showing their Testaments …… 429 – – in Church of San Francisco, Palma, Shanghai Y. M. C. A., and the Men and Re- ligion Team, Employed Officers of the 29 Tomb of ……………………….. 416 Smith, F. B., and C. S. Liang, of Hongkong 31 Majorca. Statue of Raymund Lull "t Palma 416 Social Force. Pastors Studying Home Mis- – Tomb of Raymund Lull in Church of San sions as a ……………………….. 121 South Africa, Contrasts in the Natives of.. 7 Francisco ………………………. 416 – – Dr. Taylor, Mr. Smith, and Theological Malay Men in a Kampong ……………. 401 Students at Impolweni …………… 7 – Women-Youth and Middle Age .••••••• 424 South America, English Missionaries to the Malaysia, Some Malay and Tamil Boys in .• 427 Women in ……………………… 599 – Western, Showing Mission Stations •• __ 425 – – Group of Mission·School Children in Anendoga ………………………. 821 MeAn Mission, Portable Hall of the .•.•.• 607 – – Indian Motberhood in •..•… _. . . • . •• 601 "Mescal Buttons," Samples of the ••••.•••• 201 – – Ladies of Lapaz ………………… 601 Methodist Men, Jesse Lee Celebration at the – – Typical "Conventills" or General Cou-rt- yard, in ………………………… 603 New England Convention of .•••.•.•• 6 South American Indian Dancers coming from Mexico, Making a Pilgrimage in ..•••..•••• 193 the Roman Catholic Church, Masked…. 811 Millar, W. B. . …••…..••……••..•.•• 886 Missionary Mother and her Adopted Indian Son .•…•.•………••….•.•..•…• 337 Mohammedans at Prayer in Front of the Great Mosque, Delhi, India ••..••.•.• ; 741 Morgenthau, Henry ……•.•……••.••..• 893 Moslem Boy ………………………… 415 ~ School for Boys in North Africa •••••.•• 408 Muscat, View of-One of tbe Doors to Arabia …………………………. 801 Nakayama, Rev. C. ………………….. 32 Nanking Christian University, Modern China Exemplified in …………………… 97 – University, Normal School Building at •• 101

PAGE PAGE Speer, Robert E., Folder announcing •••..• 454 Turkish Soldiers on the March in Armenia.. 187 Sumatra, Malay House in ……. : …….. 426 Winnebago Indian Bark Wigwam ………. 331 Sunday, Billy, at the San Francisco Expo· – Neb., American Indians at Meseal·Wor.

sition ………………………….. 830 ship in a Tent at ………………… 203 Sunday·school Teachers and Pupils, Tokyo, Y. M. C. A. in Cuba, New Building of the 180 Y. M. C. A. Tent, Scene in a Typical •.•• 431 Japan, Mass Meeting of …………… 648 Y. W. C. A., Banquet Given by the, for Girls Taylor, J. Hudson …………………… 488 Thank·Offering Letter •.•••••.•••••••••••• 776 in the Food Products Building………. 833 Tibetans of Ando Province, Dr. Glover and – – Building, Cafeteria in the •.•.•……. 829 Yuan Shi·Kai, President ……………… 93 Two Typical ……………………. 673 Yun Chi·Ho, Baron, Christian Korean •••… 506 Turkey, Centers of American Mission Work Zulu Rickshaw Boys in Natal, South Africa 7 Zwemer, Rev. Samuel M. • •••••.•••.••.•• 738 in …………………………….. 184 – Fast Freight in …………………… 188 AUTHORS PAGE PAGE ALLEN, WILLIAM C. ………………….. 26 HODGE, MRS. KATHERINE A. • •••••••••••••• 599 HORNE, MRS. F. P. • …………………. 369 ASKEW, lURO. S. H. ………………….. 534 HURREY, CHARLES DUBOIS ••••••••••••••••• 817 AVES, BISHOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 HYDE, A. A. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 BARTON, JAMES L . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 lBUKA, KAJINOSUKI •••••••••••.••••••••••• 649 BAUMAlO, ERNEST N. • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 820 INNES, GEORGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47, 361 BEAVER, GILBERT A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 JEFFERSON, CHARLES E..•……………… 428 BERRY, GEORGE T. • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605 JOHNSTON, HOWARD AGNEW …………….. 276 JowETT, JOHN HENRy ……………….. 849 BOWEN, A. J. ………………………. 97 LABAREE. ROBERT M. • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521 BRAIN, BELLE M .. •49, 131, 213, 291, 371, 451, 533 LENINGTON, GEORGE C. • ……………… ; 677 613, 691, 773, 857, 931 LILLEY, A. V. .. …………………….. 277 BRYCE, JAMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 LODIAN, L. • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755 BURLESON, HUGH L. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 MACGILLIVRAY, DONALD ••••••••••••••• 271, 594 BUTLER, JOHN W. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 MACLEAN, J. KENNEDY ……………….. 429 CALVERLEY, EDWIN Eo ……………….. 357 MATHEWS, BASIL …………………….. 106 McAFEE, J. ERNEST ………………….. 577 – MRS. I::.. E. . ……………………… 727 MCCAIG, A. • ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 769 MERRILL,. WILLIAM PIERSON •••••••••• ~ •• •• 281 CASALIS, M. ALFRED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 MOFFETT, T. C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745 CHANG CHU'N Y, …………………… 274 MONTGOMERY, HELEN BARRETT •••.••.••.••• 598 MOTT, JOHN R. .••..•.•.•••••••••.••••.••• 567 CHAU, K. L …………………………. 929 MURRAY. ANDREW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531 – W,LLIAM D. • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931 CLOUD, HENRY ROE ………………….. 329 NO.LE, MATTIE WILCOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689 COLEMAN, MRS. GEORGE W. •••••••••••••••• 586 NOTT, M,SS GRACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 852 COLMORE, CHARLES B. ………………… 856 PAGE, Eo M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827 CORNELISON, J. M. • ………………….. 529 PATTON, CORNELIUS H ………………… 349 CORY, ABRAM E. ……………………. 655 PEABODY, MRS. HENRY W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 CRAWFORD) DAN •…..•………….••..•.. 76 PIERSON, DELAVAN L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 DANNER, WILLIAM M. • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 – MRS. DELAVAN L. • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 DoUGHTY. W. E ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 436 – ERNEST D. ……………………….. 446 DoWNIE, MRS. DAVID ………………… 257 POR,ER, MRS. MARY CLOKEY ••••••••••••••• 774 DYER, MISS FRANCES J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685 RIDLEY.. B]SHOP •••.••.•••••••••••••.•••••• 934 EDDY, GEORGE SHERWOOD •••••••••••••••••• 167 ROHOLD, S. B. .. …………………. 443, 887 FAUNCE, W. H. P. …………………… 196 ROJ.IINGER., CHARLES H. . ……………… 509 ROWLAND, CHAS. A. …………………. 523 FETLER, W,LLIAM …………………….. 923 SCHAEFFER, CHARLES E. ……….•…… 367 SCHILLING, GERARD J ……………… 756, 809 FORSYTH, R. C. …………………….. 87 SCHLUNCK, M. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 FREASE, EDWIN F. • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 SCOTT. CHARLES ERNEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588 FROST, HENRY W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 439, 508 SEEBACH, ],fRS. J. F. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776 SMITH, FRED B. …………………….. 29 GLOVER, R. H. ………………………. 663 SPEER, RDBERT E. ……….. 7, 759, 835, 901, 916 THOMPSON, CHARLES L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121, 823 GRACEY, LILLY R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 TISDALL, CHAS. E. G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 GLADDING, MRS THOMAS S. • •••••••••••••• 909 GREENE, J. M,LTON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 GRENFELL, WILFRED T. • ……………… 919 GRICE, MRS. EDWIN C. ………………. 538 GRIFFIS, .WILLIAM ELLIOT ……………… 497 HAMILTON. KATE W. • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777 HERRICK, GEORGE F. • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 HERRING, BRR.ERT Co ………………… 515 H,GG,NBOTTO.., SA.. • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 HOARE, A. R. ……………………….. 528 PAGB PAGII TROWBRIDGE, STEPHEN VAX R. ••…••…..• 739 WHITTLES, THOKAS D. .. ……………… 197 VAN Ess, JOHN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 VANCE, J"MBIl I …………………….. 341 WILLIAMS, GEORGE J. . ……………….. 364 WEIBRECHT, H. U …••.••.••.•.•••..•.•..• 766 WELLS, MISS FLORENCE ………………. 687 WILSON, S. G. • ••………………….•• 267 W,NSBOKOUGH, MRs. V. C. •…….•…….. 138 ZWEMER, S. M………………….. 289, 417 SUBJECTS :(.

PAGE PAGE ABYSSINIA. Bible in………………… 635 Albania, Famine in…………………… 312 Addresses effective. Making Missionary…… 292 – Things to Omit in Missionary………. 938 – Horrihle Conditions in ………………. 547 Advertising for Missions, Successful …•.•.• 471 – MissioDs in the Local Church .•..••.•.•.. 451 Albanian Situation …………………… 153 Aeroplane Evangelism in Japan………… 630 AFRICA, Berlin Missions in………….. 76 Alcohol banished from Iceland ………….. 547 – Communities of Christian Adherents in .• 875 – Curse of Alcohol in ……………….. 151 – in Africa, Curse of………………… 151 – European Bishops on the West Coast of.. 874 – German Mission in ……………….•.. 9SS Aliens in America, Statistics of………… 514 – German Missions in South .•….•..•.•.• 876 – German Missions in West………….•.. 875 AMERICA, Are we Reaching our Share in 630 – Germany's LOl. in…………………. 791 – Glad Tidings from West and East. ….. 461 – Board's Good year …………………. 941 – Great Church in EJat……………….. 643 – Lions and Religious Services in ………. 394 – Catholics in ••..•..•.••..•••.•••…..•• 633 – Many Volunteer for ………………. 395 – Mission.'l, South…………………… 462 – Chinese Students Bapti~ed in ..•.••..•..• 715 – Moravian Missions in ……………. " .. 309 – More Rum for. ……….. ; …………. 954 – Chinese Women Students in…………. 63 -Nine Years' Progress in Nigeria………. 76 – North, Evil and Good in……………. 83 – Evangelists Work Among Russians in ….• 792 – – Islam in (a) E. F. Frease………… 409 – – Life of the Bedouin Women of (b) A. – First Conference of the Hebrew Christian V. Lilley ………………………… 277 Alliance of (b) S. B. Rahold ………… 443 – Remarkable Journey in ….•…………. 790 – Remarkable l'rogress in ……………… 875 – Japanese Revival in Los iAnn"g.e.l."……………… 475 – Significant Events of 1914………….. 2 – New National Campaign 404 -.South, French Missions in ….. ""." … ".. 151 – South, Good News from ……..•.•…… 711 – Progressive Evangelism in.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 725 – Successful Work for Moslem. in……… 309 – Systematic Giving in………… " .. ; … 953 – Religious Census for 1914…………… 312 – Task and the Toilers……………….. 75 – War Scenes in Central…………….. 76 – Southern Interest in Negroes .•……… 154 – West, Germans Suffer in……..•.•..• 382 – – Gospel Light Spreading in …..•…..• 555 – Statistics of Aliens in …….. "……… 514 – – Hungry for 1he GospeL………….. 394 – – Presbyterians in.. . .. .. • .. .. .. .. .. …. 711 – Training Pastors for Immigrants in…… 714 – Why he Liked his work in…………… 789 African Chief, Christian ……………….. 150 – War and the Financial Situation in …… 473 – Heathen Customs Changed …………•.• 953 – Inland Mission …………………… 635 American 'Foreign Missions. Growth of …..• 165 – "Men and Religion Movement"……….. 84 – Missions, Influence of the War on N<>rth 402 – Home Missions ……………•…….•• 165 – Natives and Rum .•……•.•……..•.• 790 – Women Rising ……………………. 462 – Indian Peyote Worship (a) Mrs. D. L. Agricultural Mission Work in Ewing Chris. Pierson .••••…….••••••..••.•……. 201 tian CoIlege (a) S. Higginbottom ……. 247 ALASKA, At the Top of the Continent (b) A. – Indians-From Wigwam to Pulpit (a) H.

R. Hoare ………………………. 527 R. Cloud ••••..•………………•… 329 – Liquor Menace to ………………….. 387 Americans, Heroic …………………… 781 Anglican Church in China …….•………. 303 – Progress in India ..•……………..•.. 299 Anniversaries and Prayer……………… 459 – in 1915, Missionary………………… 53 Anti-Saloon League of Age.. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 942 Apostles? What weTe the (b) G. J. Williams 364 Arab against Arab ……… "…………. 68 Arabia, Effects of the War in. . . . . . . . . . . • • .. 782 – Progress and Plague in…………….. 403 – What Christ Will Do far (b) S. M.

Zwemer ………………………… 289 '– What Mohammed has Done to (b) J. Van Ess ………………..•…………. 286 — With our Sisters in (a) Mrs. E. E.

Calverley ……………•••.•…….•• 727 Arabian Mission, News of the…………. 4 Arabic Completed, Reference Bible in ……• 710 Argentine, Mixed Multitude in.•…•……. 864 – Shall We Send Missionaries to (b) E. N.

Bauman ………………………… 820 ARMENIA, Assassination of ………….. 837 – Future of ….•…………………… 869 * <a) leinndgitcha.tes~laln article ov~r 3 lages in length; the letter (b) a brief article from one· to three pages otber subJects Indexed are less than one page in length. The number of the In = + = month when any gtven article appeared may be found by dividing the number of the page by 80 and adding 1 to the unit so <>btained. For example: page 548. -;- 80 6, 1 7 (July). PAGE PAGE Armenian Church and Beliefs., •.••••••••••• 847 BOOKS (new) •..••• 80, 240, 319, 339, 480, – – Regeneration of the ……………… 463 560, 640, 720, 799, 880, 960 – Evangelist, Wealthy ……………….. 229 – American Indian in the United States, Armenians, Plight of………………. 723, 805 1850·1914. W. K. Moorehead •••••••••• 558 – Who are the………………………. 845 "As a Man Thinketh………………….. 702 – Among Missions in the Orient. J. S. Hartzler and J. S. Shoemaker •••• ,….. 799 Assiut College? What is ……………….. 461 – Around the World with Jack and Janet. Australia, New Plan for ………………. 956 N. R. Waterbury …………………. 559 Australasian Methodism •••••••••.••••••••• 877 – Australia's Greatest Need. J. W. S. Tom- Axes, Native Handles in Missionary…….. 936 lin …………………………….. 480 BANNU in War Times ……………….. 149 Baptist Equipment, Increased.. • • • • • . • • • • •• 226 – Bambo(): Tales of the Orient Born. 1.. – Five·Year Program ………………… 865 Sharman ……………………….. 158 – Foreign Mission Finances •••••••••••••••• 473 – Legacy, Use of a ………………….. 942 – Bates, Life of I-I. Roswell. S. R. Barlow 79 – Retrenchment ………………….. '" 385 – Battling and Building Among the Bhils.. 79 – Work in Danger in India …………….. 148 – Bible and Life. E. H. Hugbes .••••••..• 797 Baseball versus Bull·Fights •…•..••••••••• 943 – Board of Missionary Preparation. F. K. Basel Mission Centenary ••….••.••••••••• 389 – – in China ………………………. 629 Sanders ……………………… '" 798 – – i n War Times …………………. 622 – Bohemians, The. E. F. Chase……….. 640 Bedouin Women of North Africa, Life of – By-products of the Rural Sunday-school.

the (b) A. V. Lilley…………. _….. 277 J. M. Somerndike ……………….. 158 Beginning of a Story (a) S. Van R. Trow· – Called to the Colors and Other Stories.•• 959 – Call of the East. T. Fraser …………. 157 bridge ………………………….. 739 – Camp and Tepee. E. M. Page ……….. 479 Belgian Refugees, Gospel for …………… 795 – Century in the Pacinc. J. Colwell •••••••• 559 Belgium, Christian Work in, …………… 310 – Childhood in the Moslem World. S. M. Berlin Mission in Africa………………. 76 Best Methods, Department of. Bene M. Zwemer ………………………… 959 – Christ or Nap()leon-Which? P. Ainslee 558 Brain 49, 131, 213, 291, 371, 451, 613, – Christian Equivalent of War. D. W. Lyon 558 691, 773, 857, 931 – – Hermit in Burma, and other Tales …• 399 — – Missions in Madagascar. E. O. Me· Better Off, but not Better……………… 76 BIBLE Circulation in Korea, Remarkable .• 553 Mahon …………………………. 480 – and Chinese Civilization .••••••••• ; • . • •• 872 – – Movement in the Japanese Empire, 1915. – Circulation in Siam ……………….. 232 – Circulation, Growth of .•..•….••.••.• 957 J. 1.. Dearing ……………………. 719 – Class in Korea, Active ………………. 553 – Hindu Rajah Translating the ………… 465 – Christianity and the Jew. D. W. Scott •• 959 – in Abyssinia ……………………… 635 – Church-a Community Force. W. M. – in Arabic Completed, Reference .•……. 710 – in Ireland … • .. • .. • .. • .. • .. . • . .. . . . .. 868 Tippy ………………………….. 158 – in Russia ……………………… " 546 – – a t the Center. W. H. Wilson …….. 240 – Influence of the ………………….. 877 – Notes From My Missionary •••.•••.•.••• 931 – Churches at Work. C. L. White ……… 960 – Reading, Missionary (b) G. J. Williams .. 364 – City of Dancing Dervishes. H. C. Lukach 560 – Society and the War ………………… 945 – Comrades in Service. Margaret E. Burton 880 – Soldiers reading the ………………… 227 – Spanish Mayor Studying the _… _. • • . . . .• 623 – Early Heroes of the Mission Field. W. – Station at Panama ••.••.•••••••.•…..• 226 P. Walsh ………………………. 639 – Translation, New …………………. 236 – Work, a Million Testaments for Soldiers. 85 – Education of Women in Japan. M. E. – – Difficulties of ………………….. 66 Burton ………………………… 15i Bibles and Battleships ………………… 542 – did in China, What some ……………. 302 – Efficiency Points. W. E. Doughty ••…• 719 – For Roman Catholics ………………. 561 – Fight for Peace. S. 1.. Gulick……….. 797 – for the Soldiers ………………. 152, 472 – From the Bread Line to the Pulpit. F. – for the South Seas, Poisoned .•…•..••.• 395 – i n Syria, Demand for ………………. 390 C. Baylis ……………………….. 79 Big Sister Movement …………………. 632 – Getting Things from God. C. A. Blan· Billy Sunday of Japan ………………… 704 Bishop's Adventure in :Mexico (b) Bishop chard ………………………….. 797 – Gleanings from Chinese Folk-lore. H. N. Aves ………………………….. 209 Blind in India, Bible for the ••.•••.•…••• 464 Russell …………………………. 637 Boards, THE REVIEW and the ………….. 221 – Great Missionary Pioneer. E. M. Dunlop. 319 Bolivia, Changes in…………………… 642 – Growth of the Christian Church. R. H. Bombay Council of Missions……………. 148 – on Missions, Ex-Governor of .. ~ ……… 238 Nichols ………………………… 319 – Hero of the Afghan Frontier. A. M. Pen- nell ……………………………. 399 – History of Christian Missions. C. H.

Robinson ……………………….. 879 – In Peace and War in Japan. H. Moore •• 558 – In the Land of the Head Hunters. E. S.

Curtis …………………………. 558 – Individual and the Social Gospel. S.

Mathews ……………………….. 158 – Italians, The. S. G. Pomeroy………. 640 -Japan, Faith ()f. T. Harada …………. 477 – – Spell of. I. Anderson..•….•••••.•• 798

PAGE PAGII Books, Japan to America. N. Masaoka •••• 477 Books. Though Wars Should Arise, Mrs. H.

–To-day and To-morrow_ H. W. Mabie 477 Taylor …………………………. 158 – Japanese People, History of the. F. Brink- – Unity and Missions. A. J. Brown ..•••• 719 ley •••..•.•••••.••…••••..•••..•….• 418 – Vital Forces of Christianity and Islam •• 637 – – Problem in the United States. H. A. – World Outlook……………………. 240 Mills …'. ……………………….. 798 Books which Evangalize ……………….. 625 -Jesus the Missionary. H. W. White . . . . . 319 Borneo, War Rumors in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877 – John Hus. W. N. Schwarze …….. 559, 879 Boy Scouts, Zanzibar …………………. 395 -Jubilee Story of the China Inland Mission. Brahman, Baptism of a ……………….. 949 M. Broomhall ………… • .. • • .. • …. 720 Brallmin Imposter ……………………. 391 Brazil, Atheism Taking ..•••…..••.••••••• 545 – Judson, the Hero of Burma. J. Page ••• 399 – Good News from ………………….. 717 – King's Highway. H. B. Montgomery •••• 557 – Gospel in South …………………… 633 _ Kiowa. I. Crawford……………….. 318 – Money-Lender's Conversion in ……….. 476 Brazilians Publicly Accept Christianity….. 865 _ Layman Revato. E. P. Buffet………… 317 Bright Bits of Missionary News ………… 957 – Light from the East. R. C. Armstrong .• 557 British and German Claims .•••.•.•••••.•..• 223 – Lure of Islam. C. M. Prowse ………. 638 – Charity ………………………….. 867 _ Making of a Country Parish. H. S. Mills. 158 – Christianity and the War (a) Basil c. -_of Christianity. J. Clarke………. 638 Mathews ……………………….. 106 – Columbia, From Head·hunters to Christians – Man and his Money. H. R. Calkins ….. 558 – Mary Webb and the Mother Society. A. L. in …………………………….. 633 – Finanoes ……………….. '………. 712 Vail ……………………………. 158 – Laymen's Movement ………………… 405 – Memories and Musings. J. Widdicombe •• 639 – Missionary Prisoners of War ……….. 381 _ Mission Code. C. L. Boynton……….. 720 – Missionary Statistics for 1914 …….. 221, 222 – Troops, With Christ among the (a) J. K. – Missionary Crusaders. C. Field ••••••••• 398 – – Triumphs among Settlers in Australia Maclean ……………………….. 429 – Workers in Conference •••.••••••••••••• 713 and the Savages of the South Seas. J. Buddhism and Christianity, Expert Experi.

Blachet •. .. • .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . • .. … 560 mental Testimony as to (a) R. E. Speer •• 159 – Missions and the Church. W. B. Stover. 639 -in three pictures …………………… 300 – – in the Plan of the Ages. W. O. Carver 317 Buddhist Priest Becomes a Christian •••.••.• 709 – Modern Heroes of the Missian Field. W. – Priests, Talks with (a) R. E. Speer……. 901 – Propaganda in Korea ………………… 74 P. Walsh ……………………….. 639 Bulgaria, Gypsy Revival in……………. 522 Bulgarian Hebrew Mission …………….. S46 – – Religious Movements in India. J. N. Burma, Campaign against Prostitution in Ran· Farquhar ……………………….. 398 goon (b) ………………………… 46 – Modernizing of the Orient. C. S. Coover 317 _ Prosperous School in (b) Miss L. R. Gracey 43 -Negro Year Book. M. N. Work, Editor .. 798 Business Man's Investments (a) A. A. Hyde 117 – New Home Missions. H. P. Douglas… 79 By-PrOducts of Mission Work in Labrador (a) 919 ~-Life in China. E. W. WalIace …….. 80 – Pioners–Studies in Christian Biography.

K. J. Saunders…………………… 158 – Present World Situation. J. R. Mott …. 239 – Prince and Uncle Billy. C. L. White .••• 639 – Problem of Leadership. E. E. Elliott….. 240 – Real Turk. S. Cobb ……………….. 479 CAIRO, Turkish Students in …………… 325 – Regeneration of New China. N. Bitton… 80 '7 – University, Trustees for……………. 150 – Revelation of the Chinese Revolution. J. J. Mullowney …•… :…………….. 158 Calendar of Meetings and Conventions…… California, Orientals at Services in……… 64 – Rising Churches in Non·Christian Lands. Cal1 of the Times …………………… 684 A. J. Brown ..••….•••••••….•••••• 960 -to the Home Church from Japan …….. 304 Cal1s for Missions, Making …………….. 617 – Roman Catholicism Analyzed. J. A. Philips 638 Canada, Prohibition in ………………… 792 – Prospect of Union in ……………….. 716 638 – Satisfactory Conditions in ••••..•…..•.• 716 – "Rpme" In Scripture and History. F. C.

Jennings ……………………….. 799 – Russia and the World. S. Graham .•…• 479 Canadian Baptists in India……………. 148 – Samuel B. Capen. C. J. Hawkins ……• 397 – Indians and Eskimo……………….. 544 – Sight to the Blind. L. Furman ••….•.• 319 Canons. 'Dangerous Cathedral………….. 149 – Social Christianity in the Orient. Mrs. J. Catholic Missions Handicapped ………..•. 796 E. Clough……………………….. 398 Catholics, Bibles for Roman…………… 561 – South America. J. Bryce …………….. 879 – in America ………………………. r 633 – – of Panama. A. Ross ……………… 637 Central Turkey Col1ege……………….. 307 – Speaker's Handbook ………………… 797 Ceylon, Colporteur in………………… 465 – Sunday·School Teacher and -the Program Chang Chien, Leader of New China. . . • • • . •• 144 of Jesus. G. H. Trull and J. S. Stowell 797 Chapel Cars in Russia (b) L. Lodian ……. 755 –Tour of the Orient. F. L. Brown ….. 318 Chicago Tract Society, Quarter·Centennial of 381 …;..;. Study of a Rural Parish. R. A. Fenton .• 960 – Uprootmg Vice in ………………….. 645 – Thirteen Years in Mexico. C. W. Drees 799 Children, Need of Moslem …………….. 810 -Thirty Years in the Manchu Capital. D. – Uncle .Sam's Little …………………. 320 Christie .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. • .. .. . . .. . .. •• 397 – World·Wide Work for ……………… 806

PAGE l'AG& Chile, Conditions in .••………………… 314 Chin,ese Christian, Din)! Li Mei………… 130 – "Instituto Ingles"………………….. 155 – Christian Patnots (a) D. ~acGi11ivral'" 271 – Missionary Cooperation in…………… 6S – Chri.tian Statistics to Date..••••••••.•. 705 • – Christians and the Jew……………… 301 CHINA, After the Eddy Meetings in ……• 302 – Cities, Evangelization of…………………………. 143 – Adult Bible Classes in ••••..••………. 886 –Work in ……………………….. 71 – America's Opportunity in …•……….. 785 =- Colporteur and the Doetor…………… 145 – and Japan, Agreement between ……….• 483 ffr.~~~C,,:r th'c,' •(ids" i:: ::::: ::: ::: :: :: :: 4~r – Anglican Church in ••••••.••.•……….• 303 – Florence Nightingare'……………….. 551 – Basel Mission in ……..•.•………… 629 – Forms Bible Classes……………….. 392 – Burmese Border, On tpe……………. 872 – Girls, Refuges for…………………. 707 – Calls to Prayer in ..•……………… 801 – Idea of why the Nations are fighting …•• 550 – Christian Conflict in (b) K. L. Chau .•.. 929 – in Mission Councils ………………… 144 – Christian Leaders in……………….. 82 = :::::::::::::::::: In – Newspaper Competition ….•…•..•.•.•.• 468 – Christianity Helps the Republic of. Chang -l~rayer for Europe…………………. 81 Chu'n Yi……………………….. 275 – Church in •••..•……..••.•…..•…… 628 ~~i~2~i f~~ri:~e ~e~f:: – Cigarets for.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 302 S~cchhoooollboRy'esvi in a……………. . . . . 143 – Curious Marriage Customs in………… 304 estions•• , ………… . . . . 706 – Do Missions Pay in ………………. 951 Ln…………… – val – Eddy Campaign in…………………. 5 Ou – "Efficiency Methods" in…………….. 564 – – End of "White Wolf"………………. 72 – ::-ichool", M{)rils Taught 71 – Fifty Years Work in ………………. 301 – Slave'Girls, Protection for ………….. 351 – Fitting Honor Ito a Missionary ……….. 233 – Some Notable …………………….. 951 – Floods Destroy Mission Property in….. 786 – Statesmen Led to Christ…………….. 627 – General Synod .•.•.•..••••••…•…….. 785 – Students, Awa:kel'lill;g amo~…………. 5 – German Mission in ……•••••.•…•…•. 872 – Students BaplI:<ed Ill' Amenca ..•••.•••• ~ – Inland Mission, 1865·1915, Fifty Years of – Student's Testimony ..••••…….•.•••.• 707 =- Teachers…. Wanted: a Thousand ..•.••..•• 233 the (a) H. W. Frost ..••.••……•.•. 489 – Inland Mission Jubilee……………… 310 – Tibetan Horder, On the •••••…•…….. 628 – Inland Mission, Twin Mottoes of the….. 934 – Items of Interest from Kaifeng ……… 304 Wg;;,';~it~~u~~~~;t~d.A;,;.;ri~~::: : ::::::::: 4~~ – Japanese demands on ……………….. 242 -Yo M. C. A •..•••..••••••••••.•..•.•..• 144 – Leader of New ……………………. 144 Choose ye this Day (Poem) ………….• 363 – Modern Method. in Chuchow ……….. 871 – New Cult in……………………… 404 Christ and Mohammed ……………….. 270 – Notable Union Work in (a) A. J. Bowen 97 Christian Endeavor in Egypt . . . . . . • • • • • . • • 711 – One University for Fifty Million People .. 786 – Outlo,ok in ……………………….. 626 -thinking in Millions ……………….. 724 – Promising Work in South …………… 551 – Endeavorers Unite for Peace ………….. 85 – Radical Changes in ………………… 301 – Forces …. • .. .. • . .. . .. . • . . • • .. . . . • • … 700 – Recrudescence of Paganism in …•••….• 950 Christianity, Modern. IWt . H. P. Faunce .•.• 196 – Religi()u8 Needs of………………… 11 – Win 1 Will (a) F. Sm ith …………. 29 – Revival in Fukien …………………. 325 Christmas. Mislonary ;,uggestious for… • .• 857 – Rockefeller'. Plan for….. • . . • . . . . . . . .. 466 – Peacemaker, Bishop Ridley ………••.• 933 – Sack full of Idols ………………….. 233 – "Scatter-the-Truth Band" in ………… 404 Christ's Conditions of Peace (b) J. H. Jowett 849 – Significant Events of 1914………….. 2 – Missionary Motives (a) H. W. Frost….. 37 – Some Secular Allies in (b) D. MacGillivray 594 Church, Diet for a Sick (a) J. 1. Vance •••• 341 – Statistics of Missions ……………….. 143 – Drone, Sohg of the ………………… 617 – Sunday-Schools in Heathen Templ……. 72 – Superstition and Riots in •.•.•.•……… 146 – God's Call to the (It) G C. Lenington .• 677 – Thirty Thousand to hear the Gospel in…. 871 – Missionary .. .. .. • .. .. .. .. .. .. • .. .. .. … 296 – Transformation of (a) R. C. Forsyth….. 87 – – C{)mmittee • .• . . •• . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . • . . 51 – Transformation of Hunau…………… 82 – Two Candidates for the Church in…….. 2JJ – MissioRary Society votes uNo Retrench· – Union Medical College in Peking…….. 706 ment ………………………….. 944 – Union Undertakings in …………….. 627 – Officers, Study Class for …………….. 942 – War a Test of Christians in ………… 301 – Officers, Educating…………………. 52 – What some Bihles did in…………… 302 – Program, Simple ………. "………… 51 -Whirlwind Campaign in …..•.••…….• 468 Cigaret. for China ..•………………… 302 – Why the Sunday-School is Needed in ….. 145 – Wide-open Door in (a) G. S. Eddy …… 167 – Picture·Cards and …………………. 70S – Yale in………………………….. 392 City llissions, Cooperation in………….. 47S China's Cities, Challenge of (a) C. E. Sc"tt 589 Clinic in Comparative Religion (a) R. E. Chinese Bible Women, Christian Activity.. 302 m Speer ………………………….. 75~ – Children, Magazine for ………….. 468, 871 – Businoess House, Christian …………… 145 ~gl~~~e~is~~ ~~~d1o~~~eChi;'~~~:::::::: Coming Events ………… 86, 167, 246, 327, 406, 566, 646, 726 Conference at Rochester, Pastor's Mi$ionary (a) D. L. Pierson …………………. 111 – on Missions, Prayer and…………….. 142 .."':: . "Confidence Me~" Missionari…………. 60 ~g~~[~~~~~lpl~i.sr;;;, Mgfatt~tics :~I:~~ ~~~~ 1~~ – Missions and the War ………………. 94S – Missions, England and the………… 66 – Conventions, Calendar of Meetings and.. 77 Cooperatron in Chile, Missionary……….. 65 Coptic Church, Reform in the………….. 236 Correction-Receipts for Missions ……….. 630 Criminals in South India, Saving (b) Mrs.

D. Downie ••.••..••.•…•..•……•… 257 =Cross, Present Call of the (a) W. P. Merrill 281 Cuba, Fifteen Years in (a) J. M. Gr(ene …• 175 ~~~isl;l~~fo~e~~1t~ . ~f' .p;~i"si~;'t • M:i;si~;'~ 226 in …………………………….. 181 Cure for Race Hatred. Sure … " ..•…… 868 DARTMOUTH Students did it, How…… 63 Daughters of the Tent (b) A. V. Lilley •.•• 277 Deaf, Chinese School for the………….. 13 DEATHS – Barbour, Rev. Dr. Thomas S…………. 878 – Beattie, Rev. James ……………….. 556

9 1 5

PAGE PAGE –DeaBBtlehirssgs. eBno~enPBtaoeunilruontf, ,Neowf York, Dr. Stephen O. 958 Exposition, Moral Conditions at the …….. 632 China …………..• 796 Mrs. 636 FACTS, Missionary …………………… 316 Daniel. .•………• Fame, Missionary Hall of …………….. 380 -Casalis of France, A. E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '" 958 Federal Council, Work of the …………… 153 – Chamberlain, Mrs. Jacob … ; ………….. 396 Fetler in Exile, Pastor ……………….. 311 – Condit, Dr. Ira M., of Cahfornla …….. 556 Fetler's New Work, Pastor …………….. 542 Fifty Years of the China Inland Mission 1865· – Comstock, Anthony, of New york…•..• 878 1915 (a) H. W. Frost. ……………. 489 – Doremus, Miss S. D., of New york ….. 396 Figures, Some Striking………………… 686 Filipinos, America's Gift to the………… 77 – Ely of Bitlis, Miss Charlotte E ..••.•…• 958 Finances, British . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 712 – Field, Rev. Alec ………………….. 556 Financial Situations in America, War and … 473 – Finney, Rev. Thomas J. . …………… 878 Fire, Giving Tested hy ………………… 155 Fishermen Prisoners of War………….. 945 – Guinness of London, Dr. H. G………• 636 Flag and Cross in Philippines …………… 156 – Hallam Rev. E. C. B., of India ………. 316 Floods Destroy Mission Property in China.. 786 – Jewett' Mrs Lyman ……………….. 396 Flying Squadron for Temperance ………•• 386 – Knapp, Rev: G. P., of Turkey ……….. 878 Fooehow Revival, Following the . . • . . . . • . . • 550 – MMcaDhoa~nel1A, dMmrirsa. l ….. •.. ..•…. ..••.. . . 156 Foreign Missions Conference of North Amer· – E. W., of Mosu!. …… . . 556 – Miller, Rev. E. R., of Japan ..•………• 796 ica …………………………….. 165 – Moore, Dr. F. T., of Beirut ….•..•.••••• 396 Formosa, Fifty Years in ……………… 471 – Pitcher, Philip W., of China ..•……..• 796 – Blind in ………………••..•……• 952 – Pollock, Mrs. A. W … .G. .e.o.r g. .e . .c.. …………•… 878 Forward t() Christ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 – Raynolds of Van. Mrs. 958 France War Reforms in ………………. 624 – Roberts Earl, on Missions ………….. 156 Free Methodist Church, Missionary Work of – Sharp Miss Mary of Liheria…………. 78 the ……………..•….•………•. 834 – Shedd: Mrs. W. A., of Pe':sia ………… 556 French Missions in Need ……………… 472 – Upcraft, Wm. M., of China………•.. 796 – Missions in South Africa ……………. 151 – Ussher of Van Mrs. Clarence D …….. 958 -.:….. War and (a) M. A. Casalis . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 – Varley Miss Alice ………………….. 056 – Protestant Mission Work ……………. 228 – Wald,,{eier of Syria, Mr. Theophilus …… 636 – Protestants and the War …………….. 152 – Washburn, Georg,e, of Constantinople .•.. 316 Frenchman's Testimony ………………. 946 – 'Washington, Booker T. . …………••. 960 From Wigwam to PUlpit (a) H. R. Cloud .. 329 Rohert J……………….. Fuel for Missionary FIres . . . . 1, 81, 141, 241, – WWyilcliknogfnf aomf' India, Dr. J.. i-J;.. .• . ….. : •• 238 – 636 321. 401. 481, 561, 641, 721, 801, 881 Devotional Service of the MlssiOnary MeetIng 533 – – Strengthening the Mrs. S. H. Askew .• 534 GALICIA Jewish Missions in …………. 623 Geography; C1ass in Missionary . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935 Diet for a Sick Church (a) J. I. Vance ..•• 341 Ding Li Mei, Chin!,se Christi";·' ………….. 130 Disciples' CommIsSIon on Latin Amenca…. 65 Disciples of Christ ..•..•.••.•………..•• 62 Discipleship (Poem) W. H. Frost… . . . . . . . .. 508 GERMAN claims, British and ….•…….•.• 223 – Test of (b) H. L RurleSt.n …….•…… 207 – Deaconesses, Heroism of……………. 390 Dividends, Good Missionary (b) C. A. Row- – Mission in China ………………….. 872 land …••.•………. _……………. 523 – Missionaries in British Territory ……… 382 Dodge Miss Grace Hoadley, Gifts of …….. 225 – – In India ……………………….. 870 ==l:: :::::::::::::::::::::: – Missions Crippled…………………… 547 Domin'ican Republic, In the ……………. 834 – Mission Finance …………………… 946 Drink Traffic and African Natives ……..••. 790 ~J!i~.:::::: 9~g Duke, H. Z. gives Profits for God ……… '" 61 EDDY Campaign in China…………….. 5 – – in Japan ……………………….. 623 – Meetings in China, After the ………… 302 – – in South. Africa ………………… 876 Eddy's Interpreter, Sherwood …………… 786 Education in China, Christianity in Relation – – in West Africa ……… : …………. 875 – – War and (a) M. Schlunk………… 103 ,to. Chang Chu'n Yi ……………… 274 – Missions War a~enlidgi.o.n. . ……………… 946 – Prison Camps, in ………….. 795 EGYPT a British Colony………. 1 sn Missionaries in IndIa, Interned …………. 948 – Among the Soldiers in …………….. :. 393 Germans, Good Word for……………… 67 – Ceylon and India, Glimpses of Work In – in British Colonies………………….. 472 – Suffer in West Africa ……………… 382 (b) Mrs. H. W. Peabody………….. ;14 Germany converted to Islam? …………. 230 – Christian Endeavor in ……………… 711 – Testaments wanted in …. …. , ….. , '" .. 869 – For the Women of. ………………… 789 – New Bible Translation ..•..•………… Germany's Loss in Africa ……………. 791 How Gideons Good Work of the…………… 225 -no Longer Turkish …………………. 235 Gifts, to Secure Large (a) A. E. Cory 655 – Success of Missions in………………. 308 – Increasin~ Interest through …….•.•..• 936 – Y. M. C. A. Building in …………… 87-1 – One Day s Income for Missions ………. 385 Egytian Children, For . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711 – Some of the Larger ……………….. 312 – Plague, Modern …….. : …………… 789 Elat, Africa, Great Church tn ..•……….. 643 Give, How Shall we (Poem) •.••••…….• 285 Endeavorers, War and British ………….. 310 – to missions, Why should every Church …. 260 Giving and Living (Poem)……………… 48 .!.nf~fa~' i;~~i~.~. ~:~~~~:~ . ~~: : : : : : : : : :: : : :: ~~~ – How Dartmouth Students did it……… 63 ~~fi~:i~gS~~etfE~iir~e~h~~~~~~. ~~:::::::::: 2~~ – in Africa, Systematic ………………. 953 – in Tips and in Tithes (b)…………… 47 Episcopal Emergency Fund _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 866 – in Toronto, Missionary……………… 64 – Missions in Hai,!i (b) C. B. Colmore …•• 856 – "Not one Cent…………………….. 684 – Progress in the Philippines ………….. 876 – of Time in Korea ………………….. 705 Eskimo Canadian Indians and. H .. •• • • • • • •• 544 – or Relinquishing ……………..•…… 796 – Gospel and the ……………………… 645 – Self·Imposed Income Tax……………. 544 Europe, Refugee Students in ….••……..• 228 – tested by Fire …………………….. 155 – Significant Events of 1914…………… 2 European War in Japanese Eyes …..•….• 469 – Three Principles of………………… 141 Evangelism in America, Progressive …….. 725 -~ up to Give More . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616 – University ……………………….. 246 God Impartial-Not Neutral……………. 57 Evangelization of Chinese Cities………… 143 God's Can to the Church (a) G. C. Lenington 677 – of the ,Vorld a Reality or a Dream? Is – Search for Man……………………. 61 the (a) F. B. Smith……………….. 29 Gospel According to You .(Poem) ………. 528 Guatemala Native EvangelIsm In •••••…•.• 644 Graffan, Miss Mary L. …..• . . . . . . • •. . . .. 948 Events, Coming………………………. 487 Gypsy Revival in Bulgaria..•.••………… 622 Every·member Canvass ………•……….• 474 – in Hainan………………………… 786 HAIN AChN~ng"eEsv ei nr y.·.M. .e.m.b. .e r. . Can vass" in …. 786 – Perils in the………………………. 62 Haiti …. ….. ……. 808 – Episcopal Missions in (b) C. B. Colmore .. 856 Ewing, Rev. J. C. R., Honors to ………… 391 – Reforms Needed in …………………. 227 Exhibits Accessible, Missionary . . . . . . . . . . . ,. 63

• PAGE PAGE· Half·Told Tales ……………………… 697 India. Union Work for Outcasts in …….. 784 Hamill Memorial in Japan …. __ .. .. .. …. 552 – What Shall be Done?……………… 166 – Y. W. C. A. Conference in ………….• 708 Hammond, Christian Church at. …•…….. 475 Indian Christian Saint………………… 549 Hangchow, Fifty Years -in ••.••….•..•….• 392 Hartz~lI. Bishop•. Retires ….•….•…….. 954 – National CounciL ………………….. 391 Hawallan AssocIatIon………………….. 544 —< Native Christians as Evangelists ………. 300 Head·Hunters. Luke's Gospel for .•……… 541 ~ Peyote Worship, American (a) Mrs. D. – to Christians, From ………………… 633 Heathen. The POGr ……………………. 635 L. Pierson ………………………. 201 ~ Ruler of Promise………………….. 70 Hebrew Christian Aliance of America, First – Students in England……………….. 794 Conference of the (b) S. B. Rohold …. 443 ~ Troops in Europe………………….. 868 – – Conference •……………………. 313 – Villages, Appeal from .. __ ……………. 549 – ltIissioll, Bulgarian…………………. 546 -Yo M. C. A. and the ……………….. 543 H.erOline, Missiona.ry .. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 948 Indians and Eskimo, Canadian…………. 544 ~ as Christians, American (b) J. M. Corneli- Higginbottom, Sam, Princeton Man in Allaha- bad ……………………………. 247 son . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 529 ~ Call of Ten Million Neglected (a) G. J. Higgins. Frank E.. The Lumberjacks' Sky .. m Pilot (a) T. D. Whittles …………… 197 ~i~~~'sR¥!~ ~'rci;'i~~~t~:: ~i.b.l~:::::::::: Schilling .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .• 809 – Missions among ……………………. 543 – of .the United States. Christian and Non· Holi Festival in India. Unholy ………….. 280 Christian Ca) T. C. Moffett ………… 745 Holy War of Islam…………………… 2 – Ten Little ………………………… 218 Home Missions. American ……•……….. 165 Indian's Ideal, Christ, an……………… 300 – – as a Social Force <a) C. L. Thomp&on~ 121 – Own Story of his Progress from Darkness Honduras, An overlooked Mission Field …. 633 t" Light (a) H. R. Cloud ……….•. 329 Hunan, China, Transformation of……….. 82 India's Population according to Religion ….. 299 Hun~:ryS;ha~d~r::':':::~:·..~~~:~~~. ~~. ~~~.~: 367 Industrial Mission in the Philippines ……… 237 – School in Manchuria ……………….. 466 Hus. John. and the Moravians Ca) C. H. – Training in Porto Rico……………… 793 Rominger ……………………….. 509 Intercession-Highest Form of Service (a) W. E. Doughtr …………………… 436 ICELAND. Alcohol banished from ……… 547 Interchurch Activities in U.S.A………….. 565 Idols in China, Sack fulI of ……………. 233 – Commission, New………………….. 866 – Making Good Use of……………….. 626 International Missionary Union, at Clifton ~pringsJ N.Y., Third-second Annual Immigrants, Churches of Italian ………… 542 Meeting of the (a) G. C. Lenington …. 677 – in America, Training Pastors for …….. 714 — Union Conferences on……………… 386 Interned Mi sMsioonvaermye. nWt oargkaoinf satn……………………. 954 – Uniting to Help the (a) H. C. Herring .. 515 Intoxicants, 86 f~fl;;'~d'oPs~~~r':.ti~~ ~f : : : :: :: : : :: : : : : : : ::: ~~~ . Immigration and the War……………… 791 Impostors. Beware of .. __ ………………. 939 Income·Tax. Self·lmposed ……………… 544 – Drawbacks of. …………….. __ … "" 634 =- Germany converted to ………………. 230 INDIA. Agitation for Church Union in …. 231 ~oIYEn'ir:~d ~~: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :: 38~ – An Outcast, One of God's Noblemen …… 231 – in North Africa (a) E. F. Frease …….. 409 =-~and the Gospel. ……………………. 230 – Turkey and Cb) H. U. Weibrecht. …….. 766 – Anglican Progress in……………….. 298 Islands of the Sea. Significant Events of 1914 2 Italian Gospels. New Pope Favors ……… 311 ~ig1t~stfO';~~~ ~~i~ai:~:::::::::: : : : : : : :: !~~ ..: – Bdi~~n.~ .,::t~. ~~~~~ .i~. ~~~ .~~s: :~'. ~l~~: 909 – Immigrants. Churches of……………. 542 – Calls to Prayer in …………… __ . __ … 801 Italy. Opportunities in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 724 – Canadian Baptists in……………….. 148 JAPAN.. Aeroplane Evan~elism in ………. 630 — Change of Tactics in……………… 806 – Agreement between Chma and ……….. 483 – Christian Congress in Travancore…….. 708 – and Korea………………………… 10 – Christian Village Headmen in ………•• 949 – Barber Evangelist………………….. 553 – Christian Unity in …………………. 884 – Can to the Home Church from………. 304 – Epoch for…………………………. 549 – Campaign to Date…………………. 484 – Ex·Brahmin Elder in ……………….. 783 – Christian Business Men in………….. 74 – Farming N~is~iona~y i~ ..•…………… 247 – – MailUfacturer and Philanthropist in ..• 469 — Ger~an. Ml~SlOnarles In…………….. 870 – – Message from America to…………. 234 –MIssIons In … o •• 0 •• 0 •• 0 •••••••••• 0 ••• 70 – – Orphanage in …………………… 305 ~ Disintegration of the Old Religions in (b) 128 – Giving two thousand a chance………… 232 =~Et~~~~l itf:h1~~~~iaft~~;,· i~:: :::::: :::~ ~~ – Glimpses of Work in Eg)"pt, Ceylon and –Eva~ge1istic Cam.paign in Osaka ..•… 641 (b) Mrs. H. W. Peabody…………… 34 =Ge;;a~ J[s~f~~~s i~~: ::::::::::::::::::: ~~j – Gospel of the Plow in (al S. Higginbottom 247 — Government Appeal 10 Missionaries,….. 148 – Great Ingathering in………………… 6~ – Had no Time for Overwork………….. 949 – Good and Evil in Conflict in ……….. 873 – Laymen's Movement in ……………… 241 – ~over!Iment Chr.ist,i,an. Lecture HalJ in… 73 – Letter Writing and Prayer to Win Men in 549 – HamIll Memonal In ….•.•••••••.••.• 552 – Many Truly Converted in ………….. 465 – in Manchuria, Influence of………….. 629 — Mass Movements Increasing in .•……..• 299 – in Transition (b) Miss F. Wells …….. 68; – Needs of the Church in …………….. 469 – Medical Missions on the Frontier of… . .. 625 ~ New Privilege to Mission Schools in…… 703 — Missionaries Taken for War Agents in. . .. 708 – National Christianity in …………….. 883 – Powe,' of God in ………………….. 702 – New Creatnres in ………………….. 950 – Progress in a Single Field in …•….•.• 951 ~ Open·Air Sunday·schools in………….. 78" – Prospects of Christianity in …………. 241 . – Owes to the Pioneers, What. ……….. 783 – Protest from ……… __ ………… __ .. 147 – Plague a Missionary Opportunity in …… 70i – Protestant Missions in……………… 73 –in Picture Cards in ……………… 149 – Significant Events of 1914…………… 2 – Present Problem in………………… 69 – Six Million Unevangelized Women in … 470 —- Problems of Mass Movements in ……… 564 – Sunday·school Work in ……………… 14G – Progress in……………………….. 12 – Rajah's Thankoffering in ……………. 625 – Temperance Movements in ..•………… 641 .- Rice Christians in………………….. 464 -Then and Now .. ______ …………….. 552 – Ruler of Promise in ……………….. 231 – "Tiger Year" in (b) Miss Grace Nott. .. 852 – Salvation Army in __ ……………….. 783 – Saving Criminals in South (b) Mrs. D. -Travelers' Aid in………………….. 74 ~ What Christianity has done and is doing Downie …………………………. 257 for Ca) K. Ibuka ………. __ .. __ ….. 649 – Significant Events of 1914……………. 2 – Unholy Holi Festival in …………….. 280 – Woman's Progress in (a) W. E. Griffis .. 497 – Work in One City __ ……… __ ….. __ . 873 FAGS I'AGE Japanese, Christian Literature fo;"", .•… 552 Latin America, Increased Interest in……. 161 – Choose Christian Careers…..•..•…….. 952 – Need of . . … .c… . …………….. . . .. 885 – Churc~ Need of the ……………….. 787 – Students of (a) D. Hurrey ……. . . .. 817 =- Club "tudy Christianity…..•……….. 703 Latin-American Congress ………………. 699 – – (b) C. L. Thompson .••••.••.•••••••• 823 – Demands on China………………… 242 Layman's Conference, Southern …… __ …. 313 ~}fi~fal;u~~aeaKor~~ ifi's~i~~~;i~~::::::: jg~ – Missionary Movement, Campaign of the .. 404 – Movement, British ………..•..•…… 405 – Prayer, Answer to a……………….. 787 – Movement in India ………………… 241 – Prophecy ………………………… 704 Ledger, My •……….•……..•.•…•.•. 622 – Report on Korea …………………… 471 Lepers, Missions among ••………….•..•. 555 – Revival in Los Angeles…………….• 475 – Sig;ns of Progress among…………… ~04 = ~na;; o!m~n~if~ .t~. :~~. :~~.~: .~'..~:~~~: 3~~ -Thmk of the War, What……………..34 Liberia, Methodist Success in. " … __ . __ . … 554 – Viewpoint •.•………..•.•………… 701 Japan's Demand for Books….•………… 703 ~ Progress in …. _…….. _…… " ……. 150 – Work in Korea ……………………. 235 Light of the World, Christ the…………. 862 Jesuits in the World, Number of……….. 957 Liquor Menace to Alaska …..•………..• 387 Jewish "Endeavor" Movement………….. 867 – Traffic and the War………………… 634 – Mission in MontreaL………………. 715 – Missions in Galicia………………… 623 m – Movement against ……..•…….•….. 86 – Workers'pSpecial Training for …..•..•… 940 Jews and rophecy.. .. .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . …. 722 t~:ini~~:;:s ~fhl~ ~~;tit~~~:::::::::::::::: -and the Great War ……………… 384, 721 Lull, Raymund-Missionary to Moslems (al – Chinese Christians and the ………….. 301 S. M. Zwemer ……………………. 417 – in Rumania, Mission to ……………… 713 – Is There Room for the (a) S. B. R"hold 887 Lull's Martyrdom, Anniversary of _… _…… 631 -Tudaea for the ……………………. 308 Lumherjacks' Sky Pilot, Frank E. Higgins – Turning Cbristward ………………… 406 – War and the ……………………… 547 (a) T. D. Whittles ……………….. 197 "Jihad" Appeal to Moslems…………….. 520 – Rampant in Persia (b) R. M. Labaree … 521 MADAGASCAR, Better Feeling in ..•….•. 152 Judaea for the Jews ………………… 308 Magyars in Hungary and in America (b) C.

KANSAS "Cruise of Ointment" (b) W. M. Schaeffer …..••………..•.••.••…. 367 Danner ………………………… 355 Mailed Hand and the Nailed Hand …..•.. 224 Malaysia and the Islands………………. 77 Kerr, Dr. Robert, Medical Missionary, Story – Anti-Christian Propaganda in _. _.. _….. 956 of (a) E. D. Pierson ..•..•….•……• 446 – Day of Opportunity in (a) C. E. G. Tis· Kikuyu Controversy ~nd Cooper3'tion …….• 485 dall ……………………………. 425 – Controversy Contmued……………… 794 Manchuria, Industrial School in …….. ,' … 466 ~imura, Rev…H."S., Billy Sunday of Japan .• 704 -Influence of Japan in ……………… 629 – Maps in the Sunday·School, Plea for….. 693 Knee Medlcme …………………….. 700 Marriage Customs in China, Curious ……. 304 Kongo, Market Day on the…………….. 462 Mass Movements in India, Problems of. … S64 – Missionary Activity in the ………….. 712 – – Increasing in India ……………… 299 – Prosperity in Belgium……………… 789 M ass Movement in Indian Villages, Glimpse of Koran to the Bible, From the …..•…..• , .. 307 (a) Mrs. '1'. S. Gladding …………… 909 =KOREA, Active Bible·Class in ..•….•.••.•• 553 Me All Mission and the War (a) G. T. Berry 605 'hna~ U~~~~:"t" i~::: :::::: ::: :: ::: ::: ::: ~5~ – War and the……………………… 66 Medical College in Peking, Uni"n …••…• 706 – "Bi@e.Pockets" in …………………. 470 – Mission Survey.•..•••••..••••••••••.•.• 154 – Buddhist Propaganda in……………. 74 – Missionary Conference …•..•…..••.•.• 154 – Contest in Selling Gospels in………… 788 – Missions on the Frontier of India…… 625 – Japan and………………………… 10 – Opportunities in Mexico…………….. 864 – Japanese Report on …….. ·…………. 4237) Meeting, Devotional Service of the Mission· – Japan's Work in…………………… … — Lavish Giving of Time in …………… 705 ary •.•……………………•…..• 533 – Letter from (b) R. E. Speer. ………. 916 – Methodist Revival in .••…………•… 326 Men, Twenty-five Missionary Services for … 615 – New Pentecosts in ..••..•…..•….•…. 565 Message, Missionary ………………….. 718 – Religious Ihstruction in…………….. 484 – Remarkable Bible Circulation in ……… 553 – o f the Hour (a) J. R. Mott ….. '" …. 567 – . Statistics from ……………………. 74 Methodist Finances and War relief……… 62 – Sunday.seho~1 qrowtb in …….•..•.•… 705 -Men, New England………………… 6 – – Opportunity m …………………. 874 – – Ohio Convention of. ……………..• 326 – Systematic Soul-Winning in …………. 470 – Revival in Korea………………….. 326 – Typical Case in …………………… 789 – Success in Liberia ……..•.•……….. 554 – Union Theological School in ..•…••.•• 952 Metbodis~ Good Work of Southern •…..• 941 – What Led them to Christ in.•…..•….. 788 Mexican Lrisis, Protestants in the ……….. 864 – Work for Japanese in ……………… 704 Korean Christtan Nobleman, Yun Chi·ho …. 507 MEXICO, Bishop's Adventure in (bl Bishop – Christian Released …………………. 305 Aves ……………•…..•……….. 209 – Church a Model. …………………… 953 — Churches, Advance in ……………… 393 – Calls to Prayer in…………………. 801 – Colporteurs. Voluntary …..•………… 235 – Church and Patriotism in ..•..••.••… ,. 476 – Cut·Out ….•……•..•………. " .•.. 698 – Homes, Christ in (bl M. W. Noble ……. 689 =~~itKf~iti~y:::e~· i';:::::::: ::::::::::::: 71~ – Missionaries, Ja¥anese Official.s and …… 392 – S'!nday·Scb?o!s or non·Chrlstlan ….•…. 393 – Medical Opportunities in…………….. 864 – VteW, Chnstlan ……………………. 147 – Missionaries Return to …………… _.. 544 – Villagers Banish the Saloon ………….. 630 Koreans "Born Preachers"…………….. 554 – Opportunity in…………………….. 65 – New Dictionary for ………………… 305 – People of…………………………. 314 Korea's Progress, Facts Concerning……… 690 – Program for …•………….•..•…..• 162 – Readjustment in …………………… 315 LAOS Epidemic ……………………… 626 – Religious Toleration in (al J. W. Butler.. 191 Labrador, Dy·Products of Mission Work in (al – Suffering ……………… , . .. . . . . . . .• 387 – War Orphans in …………………… 634 W. T. Grenfell …..•……..•.••.•.. 919 – What is Coming in ………………… 476 Latin-America, Congress on Christian Work – Wide Open to the Gospel…………… 793 Miao, BaptIsms among the ……………… 466 in …………………………….. 631 Militarism, Missions and (b) W. C. Allen … 26 – C<?op,eratton on !,,:Ii~sions in………….. 486 Million Dollar Goal. ………………….. 631 – Dlsclples CommISSIon on……………. 65 Ministers, Missionary Convention of…….. 6 Missionaries, Remember the……………. 58 – Who should be ……………………. 315 Missionary Aspe"ts of the Year 1914 (a) R.

E. Speer……………. ………….. 7 – Convention of Ministers…………….. 6 – Viewpoint, From a ………………… 140 Missions, Growth of American Foreiin …… 165 PAG~ PAGE Missions Have Done, Some Things ……… 340 Palestine Suffers, Work in……………. 149 t………………. – Why be Interested in (b) G. Innes …… 361 Mohammed, Christ and ………..•…. 270, 624 '- has done to Arabia, What (b) J. Van Ess 286 Pamphlets ………….••••••• 80, 320, 400, 640 Panama, Bible Station .. 226 – Conference ……….•.•.•..••.•••.•.•• 161 Mohammedans, Interest in……………… 13 – Pacific Exposition, Missions at the ••….• 386 Mohonk Platform, Lake …..•…………• 941 —-Religious and Social Work at the Money and Missions-Business Man's Invest- (a) E. M. Page..•……•.•……….. 827 ments (a) A. A. Hyde …………….. III ~~~~~, ~:ly:}nr~rrain~ .~o:•.~~~. ~~: :: : :: ::: ~U Montr,ea1 Jewish Mission in .•.•……•… 715 Moody Lhurch, Chicago, Many votm!ee:" for Africa in …………….•………… 395 Pastor's Missionary Conference at Rochester (a) D. L. Pierson………………… 111 Moravian 1fissions, Difficulties fJf .•••• & ••••• 311 -Task .•……….. '" •…••.•. '" '" ••• 295 – – in Africa …………….•…..•….. 309 Paton Family. News of the ……………. 956 – – Wa~ and ………………………• Hil Peabody, Appreciation of Mrs. Henry W .• 597 Moravians, John Hus and the (a) Co H. Peace. Christian Endeavorers Unite for…… 85 Rominger •……. . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 509 – Christ's Conditions of (a) J. H. Jowett .. 849 Mormon Finances ..•………..•••……. 716 – International Messengers of. .•.•••••.•. 482 Mormons and Polygamy………………. 792 – Women and the World's •.•..•….•..•.• 244 Mormonism Further Exposed ……..•….. 943 Peet, William W., Treasurer of American Morocco, Romance and Reality in <a) E. D. Missions in Turkey……………….. 183 Pierson ………………………… 446 Peking, Contrasts in ………………….. 705 Morton Lane Girls' School…………….. 43 – Great Church in ……………..•…••. 550 Moslem Children, Need of. ….•………… 870 – Live Y. M. C. A. in………………… 73 – Children, Philippine …….•………… 718 – Public Institutions in………………. 72 – Convert's Journey in Search for Knowledge (a) S. Van R. Trowbridge…….. 739 PERSIA and the War ..••.•.•…..•.••…• 306 – Enemies and Friends ………..••……. SS2 – Lands, Significant Events of 1914……. 2 – 'i;;':::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: m – Law of Revenger……………..•….. 947 m ~:l!~s ~cec~~atCiI~~~:::::::::: ::::::::::: – American work for…………………. 164 = – Christians' Literature ……….••..••..•. 554 – and the War, Christians in (a) S. G. Wil· c~'i~s – Distrest Christians in ……………… 383 – "Jihad" Rampant in (b) R. M. Labaree .• 521 ~[te,;:ti~n Ni'::'~.• ~~: : ::: ::: :: : :: : :: : :: : : : :. 7~~ – Hymn Book for ……..•.••…••••.•…. 461 – Situation Still Critical in ..•..•.•..•••..• 948 – ~n A~rica, Sucressful work for………. 309 – – – West ……•.•..••.•.•..•••••.••• 781 =-In NI~ena, Vork among… , …•••••… 237 – Urgent Need in ..•.••••..•••..•••.•..•• 464 ~l:~~~lr;~~ tM'i~~i~;,·ary· 'id' (~j' 'S: 'N: 520 – Urumia Christian rescued ……•••…•.. 548 – War News in ••..•.••.•.•.•.••…•••.•. 391 Zwemer ..•……..•..•……•…….. 417 – Word from ……………………….. 563 – Renewed Interest in Missions to……… 804 Persian Gul~ War and Missions in the (a) Motives, Christ's Missionary (a) H. W. FroSit 37 E. E. Lalverley ……………..•… 357 – Perils of False Missionary………….. 140 Peru, Conditions in ..•..•.•.••.••…..•..•• 388 Mott's New Work, John R .•.••……….. 865 Peyote Worship, American Indian (a) Mrs. Mukti, With Pandita Ramabai at (b) Mrs. E. D. L. Pierson……….. • . . . • • . . . • . .• 201 P. Horne ……..•…………•…•… 369 Philippine Moslem Children ….•…..••…• 718 Mullahs, Missionaries and ….•………… 229 Philippines, Church of Rome in the …….•. 876 – A Fountain of Living Waters in the ….•• 956 NANKING, Interdenominational University – Episcopal Progress in I~nhe……………•………., …•…. 876 – Flag and the Cross 156 of <a) A. J. Bowen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Nati.onal Missionary Campaign…………. . 866 – Industrial Mission in the …………… 237 Native Christians, Sacrifice by .•………… 276 – "Twelve Apostles" in the ••…..•….•.. 717 Nauru, Transformation of ………••.•..•• 718 – Unity in the ……••.••.•.•………… 237 ~eg~; t~b~at~~n,th~~t.a.c~..~~: ::: :: :::::: : :: 793 Physician, Missionary…………………. 61 772 Picture-Cards and Cigarets…………….. 705 -Year Book ..•…..•…..•………….. 543 – in India, Plague in .•.•…….•.•….•..• 149 Negroes, Southern Interest in ………•…. 154 Pierson Memorial, Arthur T……… . . . . . .. 460 Neutrality, Missions and …..•………… 379 – Arthur T., Memorial Bible-School in Seoul, New England Methodist men………….. . 6 Laying the Corner-stone of the (b) R. E. New Hebrides, Converted Warrior in the .. 541 Speer ………………………….. 916 – Pioneer to the ……………………. . 395 Plague a Missionary Opportunity in India.. '07 – Work among Cannibals in the …••…..• 315 Plans for the Year, Some Practical……… 49 Newspaper Competition, Chinese ……….. . 468 Poland's Sufferings..•….•………•.•…. 622 – Evangelism in China <b) D. MacGillivray 594 Porto Rico, Improvement in……………. 64 New York, Evangelistic Work in ………. . 715 – Industri~l Trainin~ in……………… 793 N ews, Bri~ht Bits of Missionary ….•…… 957 -To-day In (a) J. E. McAfee ….•……•. 577 Nig~!"ia, N Ine Years' Progr<:;ss in ………..• 76 Portugal, Religious Opportunity in………. 405 – Work am(>ng Moslems In.•.•••.•.••.••• 237 Power and Machinery………………… 141 .. ::: :: North America, Significant Events of 1914 .. . I Praise and Thank-Offering Meetings ……•. 773 – Pole, Diocese of the ……………… . 155 ::A~~i::r~a;r~~f:~~tc~ o.~. ~~~~~~~::: ~~~ Norway, Religious Awakening in .••••…..• 406 – Call to .•……………•….•………• 321 OBERLIN Shansi Mission …………….. 468 -Calls to ………………..•………. 801 – for Missions in Time of War ….•……• 532 Object Talks and Exercises for Missionary Rallies .••……………•……….•. 213 – in Time of War (b) A. Murray ………. 531 Officers, Educating Church…………….. 52 -.~ndividuat ,':" ,., ……••. " …..•……. 619 Ogden, Memorial to Robert C ……..•..•• 942 – Knee Medlcme ……•.•…•.••..•.•… 700 O'Hara, Mr. M., Christian Manufacturer and – Need for Intercessory……………… 139 PhIlanthropist .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 469 – Revival of Family…………………. 867 Ohio Convention of Methodist Men ……… 326 – Service, Missiona:y. Mrs. E. C. Grice … 538 – Some Aids to (b)…………………. 24 OOlnceottb Mason , …. ……••…………•..• S07 – War and the Way out (a) G. A. Beaver 17 ay's Income Plan ………………. 631 Opium in China, End of……………… 628 Preaching. Science and Art of Missionary – Used in Shanghai, More ……..•…•… 146 (a) C. H. Patton ….•..•…•••…….• 349 Orientals .t Services in California………. 64 Presby1erian Growth, Ten years'……….. 542 Osaka, Japan, Evangelistic Campaign in .•… 641 – Self-Denial …•…••..•.•………….• 313 – Strange Sights in………………….. 787 Present Can of the Cross (a) W. P. Merrill 281 Primary Mission Band ………………… 694 PALESTINE, Distress in …………….. 710 -of War, Among…………..•………. 940 – Message from ……………•..•….••. 881 Prisoners of War, Missionary ………….. 621 =~~~f;~n ii~:·. :………………:……….:…. :…. :…. : 1~~ Profits of God……………………….. 61 Program for 1915……………………. 59 PAGE PAGE ~~~gibiti~Li~ t~ean~d~.i~i~~. ~~~~ . ~~:~: :: : :: ~~~ Siam, PI-ogress in North . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550 – Robert E. Speer in …………………. 784 Prostitution in Rangoon, Burma, Campaign – ~ave!i from .Fire. i1!;.: …………….. 185 Against (b) ………•………..••.•.• 46 – Scnpture Listenmg m ……………. 147 – Signs of Progress in……………….. 564 Protestant Episcopal Church, Gifts for the .. 385 – Three Generations of Christians in…… 626 – – Progress …………•…•…….•..• 313 – Visit to a Jungle Station in Cb) R. E. – F'oreign Missionarl Societies of Europe, Speer ………….•.•..••••…..•..•. 835 Significant Events of 1914 __ •••….. 1 1914, Statistics 0 the……………… 60 Putmayo Mission Abandoned …………… 545 RACE Relationship, Problems of……….. 9 Sinai Peninsula, Missions on. _………….. 624 Rajah's Thank-offering in India… , .•..••.• 625 Rallies, Object Talks and Exercises for Mis- Slave-Girls, PrD'tection for Chinese.. a 444'. 551 Social Force, Home Missions as a (a) C. L. siopary ………•……••••…•.•.••.. 213 Thompson ………………………. 121 Ramabai at Mukti, With Pandita Cb) Mrs. D. . – Side of the Missionary Meeting .••..•..•. 371 Soldiers, Bibles for the ……………….. 152 P. Horne ………………………. 369 – Distribution of Gospels to…………… 545 Recruits for the Front. ……………… 807 =~fi1~nf'¥esI.~~";.~ni~~::: :::::::::::: ::: 3~~ Red Men and the Gospel Ca) T. C. Moffett.. 745 Reform in China, Recent Efforts to Help – Reading thE Bible .. _. . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . … 227 Legislation and 271 Soldiers' Favorite Hymns … _.. _. __ …….. 621 Ca) 'po MacGillivray _. Reinforcements for the Front ………….. 631 Reflex Influence of Missions •.••….••••..• 935 Solomon Islands, ChanJ2:es in the . . . . . 4 • • • • •• 644 Song of the Church Drone……………. 617 Reformation and Revolution.•••…•……. 939 South African Native College …………… 394 – Sunday·School Union ..•….•…•……• 395 Reli~g~~r C~i.n.i~.•i~•• ~~~:~~~~i~~.• ~~)•. ~'•. ~: 759 Religions in Japan, Disintegration of the Old SOUTH AMERICA, Earl Taylor on……… 65 Cb) ……………………………. 128 – Facts about . . . . . . . .1……………….. 6471 -New Note in ……………………… 886 Relife~us. ~~I~~~~i~~. ~~.~::i.c.o• .'~~. !: ."'!.'. ~.~t: 191 Review and the Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 -Our Sisters in Cb) G. J. Schilling ……. 756 Revival in a Chinese School …••.•••.••..• 143 -in Fukien………………………… 325 – Religious Advance in……………….. 802 Riots in China, Superstition and………. 146 – Social Service in ……………… o …. 794 Rochester Missionary Convention of Minis- – Sunday-school Workers Visit ..•..•..•… 155 – Unevangelized Ca) G. J. Schilling.•••••.• 809 ters …………………………… . – Women's Rights and Women's Wrongs in – Pastor's Missionary Conference at Ca) D. Ca) Mrs. K. A. Hodge ……………. 599 L. Pierson ……………………… 111 South American Students••••••••••••••.••• 634 South Sea Dancing…………………… 635 Rockefeller Board, Further Plan of the ..•• 950 – Seas, Poisoned Bibles for the .•••••…• 395 Rockefeller's Plan for China..•..••..•..•• 466 – Talking Shoes in the ………………. 541 Roman Catholics and Missions, American… 62 –Dealing with …………………… 610 SPAIN, Freedom Gaining in ..•.••.••••.••• 562 – Opposition in …………………….. 946 Roman Catholic, Number of Jesuits in the – Spiritual Quickening in ..•.. ,……….. 67 World …..•..••••.••.•••.•…•••••..• 957 Spanish Mayor Studying the Bible ……… 623 Rome in the Philippines, Church of.••..•..• 876 – Students, Case of………………….. 229 Roof of the World, Trtp to the Ca) R. H. Glover …………………………. 663 R m Speeche Material for Missionary .••••••••• 931 Rumania, Missions to Jews in …………. 713 Rum for Africa, More……………….. 954 Spet~r,Vis~~e~hhta~~.•~i.a~:::: ::: :::::::::: RUSSIA, Another Million Bibles for ..•••• 623 Speer's Comments on Japan, Dr _…. _.. _. _ £29 – Bible in ………………………….. 546 – Chapel Cars in Cb) L. Lodian ……….. 755 Statistical Results of Protestant Missions in – Gospel in … . . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. …. 390 Cuba (1889-1914) ………………… 181 – Religious Liberty in (b) A. McCaig …•.. 769 Rusian Protestants in War Time ……….. 869 STATISTICS, British Missionary …….. 221, 222 – Soldiers, Gospels for ……………….. 311 – for American Home Missions……….. 166 Russians in America Evangelistic Work – o f Aliens in America ……………. 514, 517 – of American Foreign Missions……….. 165 among …………………………. 792 – of Last year……………………… 225 -in the United States Ca) W. FeUer ..•.•• 923 – of Missions in China ……………….. 143 Russia's Substitute for Vodka .•••••••.••..• 947 – of Nelrlected and Unevangelized Indians in SACRIFICE by Native Christians .••.••..• 276 thE United States ••……..••..•.•.•.• 744 Saloon, Products of the………………. 226 – of PrO'testant Missions in China …….• 496 Salvation Army, Imperial Gift to the .• 393, 552 – of the Protestant Foreign Missionary – – in India ………………………. 783 Salvationists in Khaki. ……………….. 471 Societies of Europe, 1914………….. 60 San Francisco Exposition Ca) E. M. Page .• 827 —-' Protestant Missions in Eur9pean and Asi- – Moral Conditions at the Exposition in ..•• 532 – ReJig;ous Forces at……………….. 632 atic Turkey before the War……….. 836 Savior, Sufficient ……………………. 223 – Some Striking Figures ………•…….• 686 "Sca1tter-the-Truth Band" in China …….. 404 – to Date, Chinese Christian………….. 705 Schenectady Problem, How the Bands Solved Stewardship, Spidtual Methods of Develop· a ……………………………… 136 ing Ailequate Ca) A. E. Cory ..•.•.•.• 655 Science and Art of Missionary Preaching (a) Strong DrinK, War and ……………… 67 Student Day of Prayer ……………….. 140 C. H. Patton …………………… 349 – Volunteer Gatherings •••….••..•…•.• 153 SeIf.Denial, Presbyterian •••………….. 313 Students of Latin America Ca) C. D. Hurrey 817 – South America ……………………. 634 Self-Sacrifice, Rejoicing in…………….. 627 Sermons and Addresses, Suggestions for Mis- !: Studby~~ ~~r.t~~:~~,•.~.i~~i~~. ~~~. ~i.s~. ~.• 685 ";onary ………………………… 291 – Class for Church Officers…………… 942 Service, Acceptable ………………….. 224 Sudanese, Appeal from a Christian … _. •. .• 75 Sunday-School Convention Postponed, Tokyo 873 – Highest Form of Ca) W. E. Doughty .•.•. 436 – – Growth in Korea ………………. 705 Shanghai, More Opium used in .•..••••••• 146 – – Is Needed in China, Why the •….• 145 – Y. M. C. A. in the Customs College ••••. 785 – – Opportunity in Korea ••….•.••….• 874 Shensi, Going into …………………… 303 — Standards …………………….. 877 – – Union, South African •…..•…..• 395 SIAM, Bible Circulation in .•••..••.••.••..• 232 – – Work in Japan ………………… l46 – – Workers, Missionary Methods for….. 691 =- Donation from Lepers in ..•.•••••••••••• 232 – – Workers Visit South America ……. ISS r::e,*ra~t;;y~~. ~~::::::::::::::: ::: :::::: 4~~ Sunday-Schools for Non-Christians… . .•.• 393 -in Heathen Temples……………….. 72 – Possible Mass Movement in.. • • • • • . . • •• 642 Superstition and Riots in China……….. 146 – Practical Study of Religious Life and Faith Swedish Mission in Chinese Turkestan….. 548 in Ca) R. E. Speer……………….. 901 PAGE PAG!!: Syen Chun, Missionary School at …..•…. 953 Yal" and Missions in the Persian Gulf (a) E. Syria, Demand for Bibles in …..•……….390 E. Calverley …………………….. 357 – M.ssion Buildings Seized by Turks …… 624 – Situation in ………………………. 383 =- and Missions in Turkey (a) J. L. Barton .• 185 – What the War has meant to ••………. 463 :~~ t~~rE'tfecf~~n~i;s;~;';::::::::::::::: 23~ TAYLOR Earl, on South America…….. 65 – and the Financial Situations in America. 473 – and the Jews …………………. 547, 721 =Tarayantz, Baron ………..•…..•..•…• 229 – and the Way Out (a) G. A. Beaver…… 17 – Bible Society and the ………………. 945 Te~erance, Flying Squadron for………. 386 – Blessings of. …………………… '" 224 – British Cbristianity and the <a) Basil Proovdeu~;t~f 'rh/Tai~~;,·.·.·.::: ::'.::::: ::: ~j~ Mathews . . . • . . • . • • • . . . . . . . . . •. . . • • • .• 106 – Work by Y. M. C. A ……………… 545 – Cbristians in Persia and tbe (a) S. G. Test of Discipleship (b) H. L. Burleson ….. 207 Testimony from the Ex-Governor of Bom- Wllson …………………………. 267 – Church and the …………………… 354 bay on Missions ……..•………….. 238 – Oontinental Missions and the ……..•.. 945 – Fishermen Prisoners of……………… 945 – Missionary's ……………………… 781 – French Protestants and tbe………… 152 Thank·Offering Meetings, Praise and ..•…. 773 – Has Mea.nt to Syria, What the ••••..••.• 463 – M~~sa~: p;~ter~~~~i~~~.. ~~~~~~e.s: ..~~s: 774 -~indered by the Europ~an …. '" …. 0.. 75 Thanksgiving Ann (Drama). Kate W. Hamil· – m Europe (a) J. R. Mott.•••….•..••• 567 – Losses in the ……………………… 714 j ton …………………………….. 777. – MeAll Mission and tbe <a) G. T. Berry 605 – on North African Missions, Influence of Tibet, On the Barder of ………………. 46 the ……………………………. 402 Tibetan Border and Back, Missionary Jour- – Prayer in Time nf (b) A. Murray …… 531 Prison Y. M. C. A …………………… 867 ney to the (a) R. H. Glover ………… 6 – Reforms in France …••• ; . .. • . .. .. . . • .. 624 Tithing, Thaughts on………………… 316 Tobacco Bill, Britain's……•••••••…•…. 621 = m – Scene. in Central Africa……………. 76 Tokio, Chinese Praxer Meeting in …….••• 788 – Sunday.School Convention Postponed ..•• 873 – Some Effects of the ……………….. 243 Tnll nf War Among Missionaries .••..•…••• 555 Toronto, Misionary Giving in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 W!I~t~;~a~;su~~sd O~h!~~: :::::: :::::: :::: Transformation of China (a) R. C. Forsyth 87 Trenches, In the …………………….. 795 – What Non·Christians Say of the.••..••• 139 Turkestan, Swedish Mission in Chinese …… 548 – Work fnr Prisoners of. …………….. 472 – Y. M. C. A. and the …..•.••……….. 713 TURKEY and Islam (b) H. U. Weibrecht .• 766 Wealth of the United. States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630 – Before tbe War, Statistics of Protestant 'Yest African Missionaries in Exile …….. 383 Missions in••…..••….•••..•…•..•• 836 "What's Come over Murray?" ………….. 613. – Clnsing in on…………………….. 245 Wherry, Rev. John …………………. 467 – Disorders in ………………………. 710 White, Campbell, Goes to Wooster ……… 715 -Later News from …………………. 947 White Wolf, End of. …… ……….. ….. 72 – Misery in Central………………….. 548 Who will gn?……………………….. 61 – Mission Schools in ………………… 324 With our Sisters in Arahia (a) Mrs. E. E. – Missionaries Safe in………………. 67 – M!ss!onary Perils in ……………….. 323 Calverley …. .. . • • . . . .. . . . . .. • • .. • • .. 727, – M.sSlons Itt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Woman Tourist Impressions of a (b) Mrs. H. – Mobilization in……………………. 230 – School for the Deaf in …………….. 307 W. Peabody ….. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. 34 – War and AM.i sMs i oc>nvsemi nent( ai)nJ… . .L.. . .B. a. .r t.o. n. …. 185 Woman's Congress of Missions………… 386 – Y. M. C. 3 – Missionary Day……………………. 153 Turkish Attacks on Christians …………. 710 – Progress in Japan (a) W. E. Griffis …• 479 – Battlefields, In …..•..••.•.•••…•..•.• 562 – Work for Missions ……………….. 943 – Students In Cario …………………. 325 -Work in the Local Church, Unifying.. 131, 138 – Tales of German Victories…………… 709 – Year Book..••……•…•..••…•.••.•• 135 Turks, Mission Buildings in Syria seized by 624 Women and the World's Peace..•••……• 244 -Mission Hospital Used by………….. 306 – Can Help, How ……………………. 615 – Persecutin,8' Native Christians… . • . . • • •• 709 – in Japan, Six Million Unevangelized …. 470 Tuskegee Prize Winner……………….. 226 – of ASla, New……………………… 884 Typewriter Invented, Chinese ………….. 467 – of Egy~t, For the ………………… 789 Women's Congress of Missions (b) Mrs G. UGANDA in war times …………….. .. 151 -New Sect in …………………….. . 309 Coleman … . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. …. . .. … 586 – Perplexing Questions in ..•..••…•…..• 462 – Rights and Women's Wrongs in South Uncle Sam's Little Children …………. .. 220 Union College, Lawn Map at .•…•..•…••• 215 America (a) Mrs. K. A. Hodge……. 599 -Medical College in PekinI!', China ….. . 706 – Work for Missions. H. B. Montgomery 598 – on the Fields, Forces makmg for. C. E. Work for Missions, How Everyone can … 613 World·Betterment, Large Giving for ……. 225 J elferson " .. '.' … : ………………. . 428 – Conflict", Two ……………………. 481 – Seminary, MtSSlOnarles at ………….. . 154 – Sunday.School Association work for Chilo – Undertakings in China ……•….•.•…. 627 United States, Wealth of the …••..•…… 630 dren …………………………… 806 -Interchurch Activities in ………•…… 565 – 'WaT, Effects nf the……………….. 14 Uniting to Help the Immigrants (a) H. C. YALE in China ……………………. .. 392 Herring ……………………….. . 515 Yoruban Chief Baptized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 Universities Mission and the War . . . . . . . . . . 955 Yoshihito's Gift, Emperor of Japan …… .. 146 University Evangelism ……………….. . 246 Y. M. C. A. and the Indian…………. .. 543 Unreached Millions ………………… .. 237 -and the War …………………….. . 713 Urumia Christians rescued ……………. . 548 ~ Building in Egypt………………… . 874 – Missionaries Isolated ……………… . 306 =- Chinese ………………… 0 ••••••••••• 144 VICE in Chicago, Uprooting.•••••.•…… 645 ~~ ~h:in<!u;t~'~~' cC:li~g~J" .Sh~~gh~i: :::~ :: 73 785 WALDENSIANS and the War .•…..•… 153 – Movement in Turkey ……………….. . 3 Walker, Dr. J. E …………………… . 233 –.4 Temperance Work by ……… , ………. . 545 War a Great Opportunity …………….. . 314 – War Prison …………………….. . 867 – a Test of Christians In China ………. . 301 Y. W. C. A. at the Exposition ……….. .. 791 – and British Endeavorers …………… . 310 – Conference in India ………………. . 708 – and French Missions (a) M. A. Casalis.. . 261 Yucatan, Reformers in .. , ……………….. . 84 – and German Missions (a) M. Schlunk..• 103 -Reforms ………………….. '0' •••••• 944 — and Missions …………………….. . 381 Yun Chi-ho, Preacher, Teacher, Statesman, Sketch of ……………………… . 507 Zanzibar Bny Scout…………………. . 395 Zulu Industrial School. ……………….. . 95S

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1915

fOI2

MlSSIONA~Y fiDES 1. A Chinese Christian recommends "knee medicine" as the best cure for the opium habit, idolatry and other sins. (See page 700.) 2. Korean Christian women are so eager to learn to read that some begin reading lessons at the age of seventy. One of the best of the Bible women did not learn to read until she was thirty. (See page 689.) 3. American tourists sometimes meet with unexpected rebukes in ] apan, as happened not long ago when one of them asked a merchant to make out a false bill to deceive American customs officials. "No," was the reply, "I am trying to teach my clerks honesty." (See page 687.) 4. A copy of the Buddhist Bible, as printed in Tibetan on the Chinese border, consists of 108 volumes, makes four pack-mule loads, and is worth $450 gold. (See page 672.) 5. Dr. K. Ibuka, President of the Meiji Gakuin, a Christian University in ] apan, says that "among the thoughtful Japanese there is a growing conviction that the old ethical ideals and sanctions have lost their authority. . . . The people are turning their eyes and thoughts to Christianity as the only source of power adequate to the great task of a moral renewal of the people." (See page 653.) 6. In the great demand for Western literature in ] apan, many demoralizing books and plays are having an immense circulation. This condition reveals a great field for the circulation of Christian literature. (See page 703.) 7. H. S. Kimura, a successful Japanese evangelist, who is called the ii] apan- ese [lilly Sunday," and has preached with great effectiveness in ] apan, is now on a visit to the United States. (See page 704.) 8. Missionaries in Korea are appealing for good picture-cards, to counteract the demoralizing pictures widely distributed to advertise cigarets. (See page 705.) 9. After seven years' hard work an Arabic reference Bible has been com- pleted by Dr. Franklin E. Hoskins of Beirut, Syria. (See page 710.) 10. Three Chinese were baptized at the student conference in Northfield, Mass., a Methodist bishop, a Chinese pastor and a Y. M. C. A. secre- tary taking part in the service. Six Chinese were also baptized this year at the student conference in Eaglesmere, Pa. (See page 715.) 11. Candidates for membership in the large Presbyterian church at Elat, Nest Africa, must wait at least two years, receive weekly instruction and contribute regularly to the church. These probationary classes number 15,000 and the church membership is 2,3DO. (See page 644.) 12. Ten Christian Eskimo have shown their missionary spirit by agreeing to go, at their own expense, on a two years' evangelistic trip with a mis- sionary to a distant land off the coast of Northern Canada. (See page 645.)

K. mUKA, PRESIDENT OF MEI]I GAKUIN, TOKYO

The lieiji Gakuin, a University founded by the Presbyterian and Reformed Missions, has a Theological Department with about thirty students, a Collegiate Department with forty students, and an Academy with 325 students II EVIE Vol. XXXVIII, No.9 SEPTEMBER, 1915 Vol. XXVIII, No.9 Old Series New Series II ,SIGNS-VOF-VTHE""TIMES i I 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111 .111111111111 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111IIIIIIIIIIIIIII~ EVANGELISTIC CAMPAIGN IN over two hundred persons, in all parts of the empire. Nearly nineteen OSAKA hundred persons signed cards, and about two hundred have already re- I T is estimated that about 80,000 ported for baptism.

people gathered in the various The greatest satisfaction to the meetings during the recent five churches and pastors has come, not months evangelistic campaign in through the large and successful Osaka. The meetings were held in meetings, but because of the spirit a theater, hotel, post office, in banks, of unity among all the Christians and in a public school, as well as in and workers. This is another examthe churches. Some were for men ple of the kind of work that is being and others for women only. Bank- conducted in many parts of Japan. ers, business men, students, churchmembers, and Christian workers had TEMPERANCE MOVEMENTS IN their addresses fitted to each group. JAPAN Perhaps half the number who attended the meetings were Christians, A GROWING temperance sentibut thousands of non-churchgoers also listened to the Gospel. Many ment in Japan is reported by methods were used to call attention Rev. E. O. Mills, who is engaged in to the campaign. The newspapers were evangelistic work among railway utilized, as in Tokyo and Kyoto, to men. Last summer, for example, a publish a brief and clear account of temperance society was organized in Christian truth. This newspaper ad- Fukuoka with over one hundred vertising brought enquiries from members, and this year on New The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowiedge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS. .

Year's Day, which is usually a time elements of nature, but the predomiof drunkenness, the station master nant feature of their religion is fear was brave enough to leave sake out of evil spirits. Now they are maniof the fare. His many callers were festing a desire to find something served with a favorite non-intoxi- that will liberate them from demon cating drink made from parched slavery. They hail Christianity with grain. eager expectations and if the Chief accepts, the people say that alI the The usual excursion for railway others wiII follow. The people made employees was held in March, and this statement. The Chief made no the Western Kyushu section met in objection to accepting Christianity till Fukuoka. Three special trains the question carne up of tearing down brought the people for a day, re- the household shrines in which they turning in the evening. During the believe that the spirits of their anfive days 7,scXJ carne. They met in cestors reside. He said he would the largest theater, afterward spend- have to consult with his people first ing the remaining hours in sight- and if they concluded to accept Chrisseeing. For the entire trip sake was tianity he would build a house for prohibited. The superintendent of the missionary to live in when he the Kyushu lines and his wife are came to teach them. There is reason both earnest Christians. The wives to hope that the Yao will soon turn of many of the men were also pres- to Christ en masse. ent. All of the people were happy, and it was a fine example of tem- CHANGES IN BOLIVIA perance, for even in the parks none of these thousands of people brought FOR nearly four hundred years, even beer. There still remains a great battle to fight against strong the only religion permitted by law drink in Japan, but there are many in Bolivia was Roman Catholicism, encouraging signs of victory. and the penalty of death was provided for those who would at- POSSIBLE MASS MOVEMENT IN tempt to propagate any other faith. "A Protestant was not allowed by SIAM the authorities, ecclesiastic or civJ1, to have family worship in his own 1~ HE Yao, several thousand of home," says Rev. A. B. Reekie, the whom live in the mountains of pioneer missionary of the Canadian Baptist Board. "When we entered northern Siam, are showing a re- the country," he says, "the Constimarkable readiness to receive Chris- tution of Bolivia read: 'The State tianity. They have emigrated to recognizes and maintains the Roman Siam from the Chinese provinces of Catholic Apostolic Religion, and pro- Kiangsi and K wangtung, and are re- hibits alI other public worship, exmarkable, says Rev. C. R. Callender, cept in colonies, where there will be for at least two things, "the good toleration.''' The religious attitude of order maintained in their society and all Bolivians was antagonistic to their industrious habits." evangelical work. This was sixteen years ago. The Yao worship spirits of their ancestors and certain spirits who are supposed to have control of the

OF THE

To-day, after sixteen years, Bolivia In spite of the opposition of the is greatly changed. The revolution priests, literature scattered in the resulted in a change of government, homes has done much to disabuse a break with the past, and a for- the, minds of the people of erroneous ward march was begun. Now conceptions, and has taken the edge there is full religious liberty and off their fanaticism. Besides those marriage is a state ceremony. The baptized into the Evangelical Church cemeteries have been taken from the many have profest to accept Christ Church and are under the control as Savior. of the municipalities. The clergy, no matter what their crime, were The people of Bolivia are more formerly answerable only to the liberal than formerly, less fanatical, , ecclesiastical courts, but are now an- more ambitious, more open to for- swerable to civil courts. Religious eign influence, but something more instruction is no longer permitted in than reformed laws and improved Government schools during school educational facilities are needed to hours. Two convents have been re- touch the inner life of the people. cently confiscated, and others are The regenerating influence of the threatened. The city council of La Gospel of Christ is absolutely neces- Paz, the Capital, has prohibited all sary. religious processions on the streets, and the question of separation of A GREAT CHURCH IN AFRICA Church and State will probably soon be an accomplished fact. FOR a church of 2,297 members At least 60 per cent. of the men to be developed in nineteen years of Bolivia (exclusive of Indians) from a group of two men and four have drifted away from the Church women is remarkable. That such a of Rome, and the attitude of many church has 15,000 contributors by of the women also toward Romanism envelop to support its 107 evan- and toward the Gospel has greatly gelists and seventy village schools changed. Few young men are pre- almost surpasses belief. This has paring for the priesthood, and those been done by the Presbyterian Mis- few are from the lower classes. Al- sion at Elat, German Kamerun, West ready some rural parishes have been Africa, in the interior of Africa, abandoned for lack of ·priests. When where natives formerly were canni- the Minister of Education undertook bals. In addition to its membership to build up a national system of of 2,300, Elat has two catechumen education he found himself handi- classes, numbering respectively 2,000 capped by lack of buildings, equip- and 1,300. Noone can be admitted ment and suitable teachers, and by to the Elat church as a member with- old and antiquated methods. The out a probationary period of at least mIsSIon schools gave a practical two years under weekly instruction demonstration of new methods and in these classes. This gives the new ideas, and helped the. Govern- church a waiting-list over six times ment to reconstruct the national its membership. system along modern lines. The first test of the African mis- sion convert, when admitted to the probationer's class, is that he must

give up his fetish; the next he must the front of the church, and the dirt settle his palavers-pay his debts, with which to make the adobes, or give up surplus wives, give up out- sun-dried brick.

wardly at least every immorality. Another man, who had been a fa- Then as a third step, he must take natic and a drunkard, gave a month's a bunch of envelops and become a wages with which to begin with the weekly contributor-two years before purchase of the lime, and has prom- reception into the church. A care- ised to furnish all the lime as it is ful record is kept, and his card is needed. He was converted while punched each month for church at- working on the girls' school building.

tendance and for contributions. Another Christian, who is a painter, During the twelve months ending has promised to paint the building August I, 1914, 7,500 persons con- as his contribution, and another who fest Christ at the Elat church. Of has oxen will do the hauling.

these, 5,000 were led to Christ by The Home Mission Society in Gua- the native workers. The entire for- temala city has collected within the eign missionary force last year con- last year one hundred and fifty dolsisted of three ordained men, four lars in the midst of the hardest times laymen, five missionaries' wives, two ever known there. Many give a part single women. of their time as well as a tenth of NATIVE EVANGELISM IN GUATE- their income to God's service. These MALA are the beginning of signs wrought by God through the people of Guate- EVANGELICAL work in Latin mala.

America is gaining headway, but CHANGES IN THE SOLOMON is even more difficult than in non- ISLANDS Christian Africa and Asia. It is, therefore, particularly encouraging to ONE of the striking results of read of the efforts put forth by mem- Christianity in the Melanesian bers of the Evangelical churches in Jslands is the fact that peace and Guatemala, Central America, for unity result from the mISSIOnary the evangelization of their own peo- work. Human life is held very cheap ple. Recently, at' a Home Mission among the heathen in Melanesia, and meeting in the Presbyterian Church in murders are of frequent occurrence.

the capital city, it was decided to use The death of a chief, the death of a the Home Mission funds already col- loved child, a murder, a death by lected to erect a chapel in Amatitlan. misadventure, all have to be coun- One of the members of the present tered by a further death. The in- little church in Amatitlan a few years troduction of 'Christianity in any vil- ago was a drunkard and a saloon- lage alters all this, and brings se- keeper. When he was converted he curity of life and peace.

cast out the rum and turned his house TMre is no community life into a preaching-place, and for sev- among the native people apart from eral years the Gospel has been that in. the mission villages. The preached there. N ow he has offered heathen live in scattered settlements to give the stone with which to make and know nothing of organized com-

munity life. One of the first effects (hunting and trapping for a living) of Christianity is to gather together to a distant island, to carry the the various scattered family groups, Gospel which had transformed their and to give them a settled habitation own lives.

and a common interest, and thus to promote an outward unity. UPROOTING VICE IN CHICAGO THE GOSPEL AND THE ESKIMO EVERY large city should be en- I N contrast to the statements of couraged and instructed by the recent report of the Chicago Com- some travelers that the Eskimo mittee of Fifteen, that has been fight- should be left alone in their ignorance ing against commercialized vice in and squalor stands the forceful tes- that city. This committee num- timony of Mr. John Firth, a Scotch bers among its members some 0 f officer of the Hudson Bay Company, the ablest and most energetic citizens 'who has been in the north for over of Chicago, including many well- forty years. Bishop Stringer quotes known church people, and the vice his remarks on the changes wrought interests have come to fear the com- by Christianity in the Eskimo. mittee more than any other force in "The Huskies (Eskimo) are as Chicago.

different as light is from darkness The publicity methods have had a compared to a few years ago. They tremendous effect. Hundreds of used to be dishonest and treacherous. houses in the city have been rid of Each man carried two knives, one in immoral women by owners or agents his. boot leg and the other in his who had been indifferent in regard hand, and no one felt safe when to the use of their property or who they were about. They stole what- had been content to receive revenue ever they could lay their hands on. so long as their names were not in- When the Husky boats were seen volved.

coming up the river for their annual The committee attributes much of visit in the summer, everything mov- its Success in the elimination of able was hidden away that could be vicious resorts to the cooperation of stolen. They were openly and real estate owners and agents. Real shamelessly immoral. It would be estate men are acknowledging that it indecent even to attempt to describe is neither good morals nor good busi- the depth of their immorality. ness to permit property under their N ow what a great change! I have control to be used for immoral pur- not heard of any stealing at all of poses. The removal of telephones late. You can trust an Eskimo with from evil resorts has also been a great anything, and morally you would not blow to the traffic.

know they were the same people." Churches and congregations are The change is not simply one of asked particularly to help in the or- moral standards, but is marked by a ganization of new councils, local genuine devotion to ,Christianity. bodies which will cooperate with and The Bishop tells of ten Eskimos who assist the committee in its further agreed to go with a missionary on a work of suppressing commercialized two years' trip, at their own 'expense, VIce. Let other cities take notice.

EVENTS

September 2d to 5th-International Woman's Missionary Society of the Evangelical As- sociation Convention, Marion, Ohio.

9th-The 75th anniversary of the death of Ko-thah-byu, 1840.

October 1st-American Christian Literature Society for Moslems Conference. Ad- dresses by Dr. John R. Mott and Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, New York.

7th-General Conference of the Evangelical Association, Los Angeles, Cal. 12th-Provincial Synod Protestant Episcopal Church, Concord, N. H. 12th-Provincial Synod Protestant Episcopal Church, Chicago, Ill. 17th to 20th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Buffalo, N. Y. 19th-Provincial Synod Episcopal Church, Sewanee, Tenn. 20th to 22d, 24th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conf., Detroit, Mich. 21st to 27th-National Congregational Council, New Haven, Conn. 24th to 27th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Chicago, Ill. 24th to 27th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Pueblo, Colo. 25th-American Missionary Association Conference, New Haven, Conn. 27th to 29th, 31st-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conf., Pittsburgh, Pa, 27th to 29th, 31st-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conf., Denver, Colo. 28th-Tenth anniversary, martyrdom of Eleanor Chestnut, China, 1905. 31st to Nov. 3d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Topeka, Kan.

November 2d to 5th-Medical Missionary Conference, Battle Creek, Mich. 3d to 5th, 7th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Wichita, Kan. 3d to 5th, 7th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Baltimore, Md. 7th to 10th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Philadelphia, Pa, 7th to 10th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Mitchell, S. Dak. 10th to 12th, 14th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conf., Milwaukee, Wis. 10th to 12th, 14th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conf.. Portland. Me. 14th to 17th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Boston, Mass. 14th to 17th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Cincinnati, O. 16th-Provincial Synod, Protestant Episcopal Church, Richmond, Va. 21st to 28th-Home Mission Week. 28th to Dec. Ist-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conf., Wheeling, W. Va. 28th to Dec. Ist-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conf., Waterbury, Conn. 29th-The 40th anniversary of the opening of Doshisha, Japan, 1875.

December 1st to 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Manchester, N. H. 1st to 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, St. Louis, Mo. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Cleveland, O. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Albany, N. Y. 8th-The 75th anniversary of the sailing of Livingstone for Africa, 1840.

8th to 10th, 12th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Toledo, c>.

About South

South America is nearly 5,000 miles long and 3,000 miles wide in the widest part.

There are ten republics, exclusive of Panama and the Guianas. It has the largest rivers, greatest mountain ranges, and the densest forests of any continent in the world. The Amazon River has 60,000 miles navigable waterway. The River de la Plata is 150 miles wide at its mouth, and it is thirty miles wide in front of the city of Buenos Aires, situated 150 miles up the river. It is notable that a high degree of material progress has been made only where there is a large influence exercised by the outside world. Towns left to themselves make little progress. In nine of the ten republics Spanish is the chief language, in the tenth, Brazil, Portuguese is spoken. In most of the countries there are tribes of Indians who speak different languages. South America has over 300 tribes of Indians, some of whom have come under the domination of the Roman Catholic Church, but many have not yet been reached by either Roman Catholics or Protestants. The population is about 50,000,000, out of which number probably 40,000,- 000 have not heard the Gospel sufficiently intelligently for them to understand. At least they do not give evidence of it in their lives. South America is exceedingly rich in natural resources. Material prosperity is advancing rapidly, and educatIon is being pushed in most of the republics. Nine of the republics have granted religious toleration, and the tenth, Peru, is expected to pass the final stage before very long. From the beginning of Rome's domination of South America every effort has been made by the priests to prevent the spread of evangelical truth. The Bible is pronounced an immoral book which will corrupt the minds of those who read it, consequently the priests seize every opportunity to destroy it. A large percentage of the men are opposed to the Church, and do not believe in the priests or in their teaching. In Brazil there is no state church, tho the Roman Catholic Church is generally recognized. The most bitter opposition comes from the priests. As a rule the governmental authorities encourage, rather than otherwise, all evangelical work. The progress of evangelical work is not limited by law or by opposition, but by the paucity of workers and the lack of sufficient means. In some parts is to be seen the most polished civilization, and in other parts there exist degrading forms of slavery and diabolical atrocities. There is no continent that has so few missionaries for its size and population. In any of the ten countries a missionary could have a city and dozens of towns for his parish. In some of the coqntries he could have one or two provinces without touching any other evangelical worker.

ONE RESULT OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS IN JAPAN A mass meeting of Sunday~school teachers and pupils, Hebiya Park, Tokyo. April 18, 1915

Christianity Has Done

IS Doing for Japan BY PRESIDENT KAJINOSUKI IBUKA, TOKYO, JAPAN President of the Meiji Gakuin 'ROTESTANT Chris- tianity was not only treason to the state, but also to the family. More mP tian missions first en- than that, it was popularly believed tered Japan a little to be closely allied to sorcery. Fifty more than fifty years years ago a Christian was con- ago. It is true that sidered an enemy to the state, an this is but a short enemy to the family, an enemy to span in the history of Christianity society. or of a nation; but the questions are often asked: 'What is the position of Chris- tianity to-day? The national con- What has Christianity done fo:- stitution, freely. granted by the late Japan during the fifty years no'Y Emperor Meiji, now guarantees freepast? dom of faith. This provision was inserted only after most careful con- What results has it produced upon sideration. I once heard Prince Ito, the thought and life of the people? the framer of the Constitution, de- clare that there was a prolonged and Has it proved of practical value spirited discussion before the article as a power to uplift that thought and was adopted. 'What did its inserlife? tion mean? For centuries Shinto, Buddhism, and Confucianism had all To answer these questions intelli- been recognized as lawful; but Chrisgently it is necessary to look back tianity was a forbidden religion. and compare the general situation Thus, when the Emperor gave the half a century ago with the general Constitution to the nation, it meant situation to-day. It is a well-known that Christianity had passed forever historical fact that fifty years ago from under the ban of the Empire, the old edict prohibiting Christianity and all were free to profess their as" "the Evil Sect" was still in full faith in Christ. A few years ago force. Notice-boards proclaiming when the government called together this stern decree were erected in con- the so-called "Three-Religions Conspicuous places throughout the coun- ference" in Tokyo, seven Christian try. Once in every year the head inin:isters were accorded precisel . of every family was required by law the same treatment as the Shint6 to present to the authorities a written and Buddhist high priests and took statement, endorsed by the Buddhist a leading part in the conference. priest of the parish, declaring that Fifty years ago such a thing would neither he nor any other member not have been considered possible. of the family belonged to "the Eyil Sect." To profess Christi:mity meant death; the barest suspicion of it brought imprisonment. Chris-

Moreaver, there are to-day thou- of ethical and spiritual forces, and in sands of Christians in Japan who them many come to know the truths assemble themselves together on of Christianity and to accept Christ every Lord's day for prayer and for themselves.

praise and the reading and preach- These are things patent to all, and ing of the Word of God. Many of may be pointed to as the visible and these are men and women of standing tangible results of Christianity in in the community-lawyers, physi- Japan.

cians, professors in the universities, But there are also other results, editors of influential newspapers, of- less apparent, it may be, to the ficers in the army and navy, members casual observer, but of vital import- of the National Diet. Two of the ance in rightly estimating the Chris- Presidents of the Diet were Elders tian movement in Japan. I refer to of the Church of Christ in Japan; the molding and creative influence of as is also Judge Watanabe, the J ap- Christianity, as manifested in the anese Chief Justice in Korea. changing ideas and ideals of the There are now in Japan many people. The foll?wing examples will Christian synods and conferences serve as illustrations.

and associations. There are 100,000 Changes Wrought by Christianity Protestant Christians with, perhaps, three times as many more who are al- 1. A striking instance of this in- lied to them by conviction if not by fluence of Christianity is seen in the church-membership. More thap two change effected in the estimate of the hundred congregations support their rights of the individual.

own pastors and do work similar to In old Japan, as in tl).e Roman· that of independent congregations in Empire, the state was every thing, Europe and America. There are and the individual nothing. Only re- I,875 Sunday-schools, with 108,000 cently have Japanese words for per- teachers and pupils; and 8r Young lSon and personalit~ been coined.

Men's Christian Associations, with Loyalty to one's feudal lord was the 8,600 members. The Y. M. C. A. loftiest of virtues; and the history of halls in Tokyo, Kyoto, Osaka, Kobe, Japan is full of memorable examples and Nagasaki are substantial build- of its exhibition. Devotion to the ings, in which an effective work is welfare of the State has not ceased being done. to be a virtue worthy of praise; but, There are many Christian schools along with the old, something new and colleges. Among those for boys has come. The old patriotic devo- and young men are Doshisha In tion remains; but it has been supple- Kyoto, and the Meiji Gakuin, mented by the principle of the rights Aoyama Gakuin, and St. Paul's Col- of the individual. It is recognized lege, in Tokyo. Among those for in the new Civil Code as never pe- girls and young women may be men- fore; and it has changed and is tioned 'Kobe College, the Ferris changing the mind of the people in Seminary, the Joshi Gakuin, Aoyama their thoughts of humanity. Noone Jo Gakuin, and Miss Tsuda's school. can deny that this change is due Such instituti9TI§ a~ these are centers primarily to the teaching and power A VIEW OF DOSH1SHA UNIVERSITY, KYOTO A Chdstian University founded by Joseph .Hardy Neesima, a Japanese Christian of Christ, who first proclaimed with a praiseworthy thing in some in- a new clearness and insistence the stances for a daughter to sacrifice essential equality of men as brothers. her virtue for the benefit of her This is an entirely new doctrine in father or family. Japan. Some years ago Chief-J us- tice Miyoshi declared in a public ad- In Japan, even more than in the dress that while, as a Christian, he West, the family is the unit of so- was still only a novice, he had no ciety; and this carries with it infer- hesitation in affirming that he was ences that still at times bear heavily no longer the same man that he upon women as members of the was before he embraced Christianity. family. Nevertheless, to one who Many of his ideas, he said, had knew the old Japan, the change in undergone a complete change; among the position of woman is a revoluthem those .regarding the individual tion. soul. This is only one example out of thousands. Let Ide quote a paragraph from the Introdur:tion to the translation of 2. Another radical change in the the new civil code by Mr. Gubbins ideas of Chief Justice Miyoshi, of the British Embassy: "In no resbrought about by Christianity, was pect has modern progress in Japan that regarding the position of wo- made greater strides than in the imman. provement of the' position of woman. Tho she still labors under certain It is generally admitted that the disabilities, a woman can n.ow ,beposition of woman in Japan was come the head of a family, and can always superior to that of her sisters exercise authority as such; she can in most other Oriental countries. She inherit and can own property and had a dignity and an influence in the manage it herself; if single or a family unknown elsewhere in Asia. widow, she can adopt; she is one Still her position was very different of the parties to adoption effetted by from that of women in countries her husband, and her consent in adwhose civilization has been largely dition to that of her husband is nemolded by the principles of Chris- cessary to the adoption of her child tianity. by another person; she can aCT as guardian or curator, and she h,.s a Both Buddhism and Confucianism voice in fa:nily councils." teach that woman is essentially inferior to man: she is subject to One who knows the history of the what is called the "threefo~d obedi- Vest know~ well that the position of ence." As a daughter she must obey woman in the Roman 'Empire was her father implicitly; as a wife, her very different from what it is in husband; in her old age, her son. Christendoll1. The improvement in This obedience was an obedience the position of woman was chiefly which might deprive her of the most due then, ;J.S it is now, to the insacred personal. rights. The wife fluence of Christiar,tity. History is who was childless, or who refused to simply repeating itself. obey the most arbitrary command of her father-in-law, might properly be 3. The Christian higher educadivorced. It was even regarded as tion of WOlren is another fact of deep ~ignifiC'llce. To Christian missions belongs the honor of intro- new conceptions of sin, new thoughts ducing the higher education of young of God. women. There are now many government high-schools for girls It is a fact of deep significance throughout the country. There are that such Christian words and two government higher – normal phrases as gospel, faith, temptation, schools for young women, tho as yet resurrection, the kingdom of heaven no colleges. Christian missions, how- have .now become household words, ever, have at least half-a-dozen col- even in non-Christian families. It leges or collegiate departments for is not too much to say that the youhg women. Recently Count rising generation, when it thinks of Okuma, in expressing his apprecia- religion, will have to think of it in tion of the value of Christianity to the terms of Christianity. In fact, Japan, laid especial emphasis on the to-day, when the people speak of fact that the elevation of the position religion (Shukyo) they usually mean of Japanese women was largely due Christianity. Nor is this all; to the to Christianity. more intelligent Japanese Chris- tianity is the only religion that is 4. Another fact which Count lofty in its ideals and in which there Okuma placed to the credit of Chris- is the power to lift men up to those tianity was the introduction of ideals. social refor11'ls and betterment. Among these may be mentioned the Civilization and Christianity temperance movement, the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, or- For a number of years there has phanages, work for discharged con- been among the more thoughtful men victs, homes for lepers, rescue homes, a growing conviction that the old etc. There are now in Japan many ethical ideals and sanctions have lo~t such institutions maintained by Bud- their authority. It has also become dhist or other non-Christian societies; manifest that mere growth in knowlbut they did not exist before the en- edge does not bring with it a higher trance of Christianity, and by general spiritual life. The young men of the consent the most successful ones are present generation know far more those carried on by Christians. than their fathers knew, but they do Among these reference may be made not do better. Sometimes it seems to the well-known Okayama Orphan- as if they were doing worse. This age; Mr. Rara's Home for Dis- feeling has been greatly deepened charged Convicts; the rescue work by the recent scandals in the navy of the Salvation Army, and the and among the priesthood of the Christian asylums for lepers. It was largest Buddhist sect; and there is the example of Christians that gave keen consciousness of the need of the impulse to similar enterprises by ethical and spiritual renovation. But non-Christians. where is the new transforming power to be found? Japan has tried to 5. Christianity is bringing into the reap all the fruits of Western civillanguage and literature of Japan ization without Christianity; and the new world-views, new ideals of life, attempt has proved a failure. In science, in the system of education, in the new laws enacted, in the Christianity as the only source of adoption of government under a con– power adequate to the great task of stitution, in commerce, in the organ- a moral renewal Of the people. . This ization and training of the army and is the explanation of such a readiness navy, there has been conspicuous ad- of the people to hear and ponder its vance; but in one vital point there message of faith and hope and love.

has been no corresponding advance. The outlook, therefore, is full of In its moral life Japan has been, if promise; but the great task is stilI anything, retrogressive; and the more to be performed. It should not for thoughtful men are coming to see a nl0ment be supposed that there is that something more than a mere no longer need for missionary work cultivation of the intellect, or the es- in Japan. It is true that there are tablishment of constitutional govern- Japanese churches planted firmly" in ment, or material prosperity, or the soil; but what are one hundred military strength, is necessary for the thousand Christians among fifty mil- true well-being of the nation. lions of non-Christian Japanese, and Therein lies the real significance whose number is increasing year by of the so-called Conference of the year half a million or more? The Three Religions held a few years ago old, deep-rooted, intellectual, social, at the invitation of the Minister of and moral hindrances in the way of Home Affairs. The purpose of that Christianity still remain; and they conference, as described by him, was are now strongly reinforced by the to give expression to the conviction rationalism, the agnosticism, and the of men in authority that religion is materialism of the West. The pre- essential in the life of both the in- sent terrible war between the Chris- dividual and the nation, and to call tian nations of Europe, and the re- upon all who profess religion to re- ports of shameful violations of inter- memuer their responsibilities. The national treaties, and the inhuman fact that Christians were included actions of the contending armies are among the representatives composing setting up a new obstacle in the way the conference was public recognition of the Christianization of the people of ChriStianity as one of the in- of Japan. The work requires new fluential religions of Japan. patience and new courage. Yet, A vigorous nation-wide evangelistic looking over the past fifty years, and campaign is now in progress in remembering all that God has Japan. The meetings are crowded wrought, and looking forward to the with interested listeners, and thou- future with so many of the signs sands of men and women are record- of the times beckoning on, we may ing their names as sincere inquirers go forward with good courage and after the truths of Christianity. This 111 strong confidence that the Land is only another one of the many of the Rising Sun will one day be signs of the times; the people are made the Land of the Risen Sun of turning their eyes and thoughts to Righteousness.

He who has no passion to convert needs conversion.-·ARrHuR T. PIERSON

to Secure Large

SPIRITUAL METHODS OF DEVELOPING ADEQUATE STEWARDSHIP – BY REV. ABRAM E. CORY, CINCINNATI, OHIO Secretary of the Men and Millions M.ovement of the Christian Church · g rea t responsibility GREAT age brings an appeal to mere sentiment; it must be one, the supplying of which is ID• A to the Church and to vital to the world's ongoing. It and great opportunity must be a task with a big human ap- peal. its inIdtiviisduuattlerlymeimm~ bers. The curse of formalism was left possible to supply the demands while to the Church by the Middle Ages.

the old notions of stewardship pre- The note of the twentieth century vail and with the present hesitancy brought to the world by the doctrine on the part of the Church to under- of Christ is a humanitarian note. If take great things. the Church is to fulfil Christ's mis- How can large gifts be secured? sion, and, particularly, if it is to They can not be secured by ma- reach the man who is steeped in chinery, nor by mechanical devices. practical affairs, it, too, must have The reaching of the individual for this note.

large things for God must and can. be The task must also embrace a accomplished by spiritual methods great opportltnity. That individual only. whom we sometimes call the "hard- A Worthy Task headed 1;>usiness man," is one of the The adoption of a worthy task is greatest dreamers 'in the world. He the first step necessary to secure is accustomed, in business, to look large gifts. If the Church is to down an avenue of opportunity, and reach the business man who has suc- to dream of its possibilities. So when ceeded, or the individual who has a task is undertaken by the Church, property, it must speak the language it must have in it an opportunity of large enterprises. Business men that is comparable to the great open- do not hesitate to face the largest re- ings in the business world. When sponsibilities, because they have been the task is formulated, it must not be taught that responsibility and busi- stated in the usual terms of the ness are synonymous. Church, but it must be stated in the The same lesson must be taught by concrete, definite, business terms with the Church. It must make the two whic~ the man of affairs is familiar.

terms synonymous in the mind of Need can be stated in definite terms.

the business man. In order to do The necessity of supplying that need that, care must be taken that the can be put in concrete form. The Church does not deal alone in large possibilities of any proposition can, figures, but in large tasks. The task upon a legitimate basis, be foretold that appeals to the business man as in the business world. Any caIl must be one that anticipates a great for liberality to the Church must have need. Thr need must be more than in it the concrete and the definite.

Given such statements of the task, religion of a man's life rather than there is an appeal to a man's conscience. Thank God, the day is pass- how high is his financial status. ing when an appeal to prejudice will bring money! That strong current Money for the Kingdom will never that is carrying us all toward Christian union has made it ,impossible to come, except in an incidental way, appeal to prejudices. We must appeal to the consciences of men. No from the unprepared. A few men longer can we go to a man and get his money because "our church" is may give in a large way because of planning to do this or that. What he wants to know at once 'is whether he the burden of their wealth, but this· is helping to supply a world needwhether there is an opportunity that is rare. The unprepared possessor is big for God in the things he is undertaking. More enterprises are fail- goes away, as the rich young man ing in this hour because the appeal is to prejudice rather than to the con- went away, sorrowfully. science, than for any other single reason .. The steps of preparation are Last of all, but perhaps most im- many. First, a man must be preportant of all, is the fact that any worthy task which will call forth a pared in his childhood, if possible. worthy response must be a. spiritual task. A real spiritual task is big. How many men whom we meet are A real spiritual ta~k fills a great need. It is humanitarian. It embraces a saying, "These terms are new to me, great opportunity. It can be stated in concrete, definite terms. It ap- for while my father was a man of peals to the conscience, and not to the prejudice. It is a task that links wealth, his giving to the Church was with it the names of Christ and God as naturally as any business propo- only very incidental and very measition connects business terms. ger !" ·When we meet the rare indi- The Prepared Giver vidual whose parents were liberal With a worthy task, we can go to the prepared giver. How often we and who gave in a large way for God, have failed to realize that before money is secured there must be the the increase is natural. prepared giver! We have thought that the estimate of Bradstreet or One of the greatest drawbacks at Dunn was the necessary thing. That hour is past. The time has come the present time to prepared giving, when we must know how real is the is the timidi#y of the average preach- er. The preaching of a man on this question can almost instantly be de- termined by the standards of stew- ardship that preva:il in his congrega- tion. The preacher who apologizes when he mentions money for the Kingdom is one of the surest culti- vators of stinginess. On the other hand, the pastor who speaks in clear and forceful tones on the need and opportunity of the world, and of a man's responsibility toward it, and of the continual responsibility, that a man has in his relation to money- that pastor will cultivate real stew- ardship. .

It is a peculiar fact that a great many business men hav~wor1d vis- ions in everything except the King- dom of God, and yet the biggest things that are moving out in the

9 1 5] HOW TO SECURE LARGE

world are the enterprises of God. with the passion that knows no de- When the Church speaks a world- nial. The man who is prepared with language and practises a world-citi- a passion like this can accomplish zenship, then the man of wealth will what otherwise would seem superbe prepared with a world-vision. human. Large giving depends more upon vision than, perhaps, upon any other He must go with a great sympathy one thing. toward the man he approaches. Many times men go into the office or into The call of the Master for the lift- the home of the man of affairs, ed eyes to the harvest ripeness is the thinking only of their own viewpoint, call in this present hour. The giver and not thinking sympathetically of must be prepared by love for the the other man's attitude. The Church work. Men love their money. They often shelters its messengers, and love what it will bring them. They they are unconscious of the crush will not let go of this money unless and temptation of the man in the there is a corresponding love for the business world. They think that beworld-task. Exceptions may occur, cause a man can write a check for a but we must recognize that the mem- large sum of money, he should do it bers of the Church are not giving at once. They fail to remember the adequately, and they must be brought adjustments, the curtailments, and to these high ideals. the embarrassments that such a gift may mean. The greatest preparation that can be made by any man is the prepara- A man of large affairs, worth miltion of prayer. The man who gives lions, said recently: "I believe I am in a large way must be a man who harder up than that day-laborer yonprays and broods and knows. der." I think it was true. The de- mands upon him were far greater, The Prepared Messenger according to his resources, than upon the laborer in the street. Compara- The man who goes to a man of tively speaking, the man with milthis kind must be a prepared messen- lions was more embarrassed financialger. How many times men who are ly than the man with nothing. dreaming over the things of the Kingdom of God have been repulsed The messenger must go with a by the unprepared messenger! God knowledge of his task. He must imhas always used men in mighty en- press the business man as being efterprises who have been prepared for ficient and exp:ert. His information special tasks. In leading the Church must be definite, and no matter what to the larger stewardship, there must unexpected questions are put to him, be the preparation of the messenger. he must have such a knowledge of He must be prepared by a life of his task that nothing can surprize him prayer. No man can go to this task and the merest detail can be anunless his very life is immersed in swered at once. When he goes, be prayer. If he fail in this his mes- must talk a direct language, but it sage must, of necessity, have a false must be God's language. It must note. It will not ring out with God- have dignity and power in it. possibilities. He' must go consumed One of the greatest curses in the

wl:lOle question of giving is that we unto you," there has been the neceshave approached it either in joking sity for the Church to believe this. or in an apologetic method. Recently N at only a belief in prayer is necesa man went to a man's office, and sary, but there must be the vital pracsaid: "I have come to pull your leg." tise of prayer. The Church long ago He went to a man who had been formally accepted all of the prinpraying over a great task. He went ciples of prayer in their relation to to a man who was anxious to talk in comfort and to sorrow, but it has spiritual terms about the thirtgs of not accepted prayer in its vital relathe Kingdom. This man was so tion to its gigantic enterprises. It is chilled that he made a negative reply at this point that the enterprises of to the request. the business world and the enterprises of the Church must separate. The 'The same methods of considera- enterprises of the Church must have tion that are used in the business all of the careful planning, all of the world, the same appeal to the intel- sagacity, all of the looking forward lect, should be used by the messenger that business enterprises have, but, of God. The business world is avoid- in addition to 'these, they must have ing high-pressure methods, and when power back of them, and that power it comes to the Kingdom of God these can come alone from prayer. same high-pressure methods must be carefully avoided. In dealing with a The practise of prayer is an abman who is thinking of giving to the 'solute requisite to the securing of Kingdom of God there must be the large gifts. Prayer must permeate greatest gentleness-the gentleness of the individual messenger. Prayer the Christ must fill the heart of the must permeate the giver, and the messenger. If the man is rude or whole Church must be in prayer for gruff, that should call out even more any enterprise that is to succeed for gentleness and sympathy. When the God. messenger leaves the man's office, he should always have the privilege of Obstacles to Larger Giving coming back. The man with whom he is dealing should be left with a Even when there is a worthy task, desire to see him again and anxious a prepared giver, a prepared messento consider again the whole work of ger, and the whole enterprise per- (he Kingdom. meated by prayer, there are still ob- stacles to be confronted. The gen- The Power of Prayer eral principle must be accepted, that men do not give easily. Men's life's Those who are seeking gifts must heart and blood is wrapt up in their recognize one power. They must money, and it must be a tremendous recognize the power of prayer. The motive that causes men to let go of enterprises of the Church that have their money. The excuses that a failed, can, in most cases, be marked man may give are many. They are either by the lack of prayer or by plausible. They are excuses that apthe lack of faith in prayer. From the peal to his reason, that his friends hour that Christ said on the moun- accept, and that his family urges, and tain-side: "Ask and it shall be given to get back of these there must be a • tremendous motive power.

TO SECURE LARGE

One of the most frequent excuses man dissatisfied with that which is given is the one of a man's obligation wrong in his present standards. to his family. That is a legitimate consideration, but it is not legitimate Another common and frequent exbeyond a certain point. The messen- cuse is that a man is in debt. The ger should have courage to recog- messenger should have the courage nize a man's real obligation to his to ask him what his debts reprefamily, but he should also point out sent? What do they mean? Are that too' high standards of living, they not to make him richer, to intoo much money, and too much ease crease his holdings? Then, over may lead to enervation and to disas- against that, the question should be ter. asked, gently and kindly, "Is nbt the real question not how much of my Following this comes the excuse of money will I give to God, but how the need of a man's money in busi- much of God's money will I keep ness. This is one of the most difficult for myself?" that there is to answer. A man urges his business needs. Again the ques- A messenger went into a business tion is-Shall all of a man and all man's office, and on inquiry from him that represents that man be given to as to how much another man had his business until it is too late for given, replied that he was not able to him to recognize other needs and to give because he was in debt. The enjoy the supplying of them? business man, who is one of the most gentle and polite in the world, struck Another excuse frequently met, is the table and said: "That is a false the standards of living. Many a man standard. The man who is able to will .say, "I can not give with my borrow for himself should borrow present standard of living. Recently, for God," he said. "I have just bor- I was in the office of a man whose rowed four thousand dollars to inface actually worked with emotion as crease my business; I a.m going to he said, "I want to give, I long to put up collateral and borrow that give; but here is my income and much for the work of God in Chihere is my outlay. I have no de- na." And he did. fense for the outlay," he added. "I have built a house far beyond our It takes courage to preach a revoneeds. We have entered a society lutionary doctrine like that. Men that makes its demands upon us far will shrink from it and try to combeyond our income; yet what am I bat it, but is it not right? to do?" And with tremendous em~ tion he remarked, "I would give any- Another reason frequently given is thing if I had the courage to change the many calls that come. This is my standard of living." one of the most difficult reasons to answer and one most frequently The messenger who goes to a man made. The man who makes an exlike this must deal with him with the CLlse like this must be shown that the tenderness of a woman; but, at the present cause is a paramount one, same time, he must leave a note in and that it has in it greater opporhis heart that will forever make the tunities for investment for God than any other.

In going to men, it is often re-

marked that they really are different Begin by getting a man to praymen in their offices than they are In that is one of the most necessal'Y the church or in their homes. A things in giving. A man who had great business man, recently, in a given fifty thousand dollars on a milmeeting with his friends-a man who lion-dollar enterprise, said to a mesis warm-hearted in his Christianity- senger one day, with tremendous confest very frankly that this was emotion: "If you can keep me praytrue, that men of business affairs ing you will get my money." This really lead two existences. He said, man went one morning, months later, "I know that at home and at church to a prayer-meeting, which he led. I am gentle and considerate, but, He came out of that prayer-meeting somehow, at the office the drive of with a tender heart. He was apthe business machine controls me and proached on the question of giving a manipulates me, and takes me out of million dollars. He did not give it myself." quickly, but he went quietly to the study of God's word and to weeks of In going to men we must meet prayer. It was out of the months them at a time when the best of that were 'back of him, it was out of their life is uppermost, and we must the immediate hour of prayer beiore be able to call out from them the the suggestion was made, it was out best that is in their lives. of the prayer that followed, that led him to decide to give a million dol- These excuses many times seem lars for God. All the objections that insurmountable, but over against have been urged above could have them is the power of Christ worktng been urged by this man. He was in in the heart. debt a million dollars. His busidess needs were pressing upon him. The The Triumphs of Stewardship calls were endless, yet on his knees, praying over the world's needs and First of all, the man solicited the world's opportunity, these various should be shown the unexpected re- excuses sank into insignificance, and turns that many times come from a the real task and his obligation to gift. Four years ago a girl heard the God were sup.eme. appeal for a Bible-college building in China. It was a simple appeal for Another great object that must be one specific enterprise. It was not continually urged is the relation of connected with any great movement. the giver to those who have gone be- It called out from this girl's heart a fore. A woman whose husband had liberal response. This gift moved her been a doctor was considering what church until from that simple gift of memorial she could leave for her hussix thousand dollars it went out to band. She thought of a marble shaft, raise a million for foreign missions, and a great many other things apand other millions for other enter- pealed to her, when the world's need prises. A story like this to a busi- was laid upon her heart. At first she ness man, showing returns, and how thought she could give five hundred giving provokes giving in others, will dollars, then, later, the larger appeal answer many objections that may came to her, and she gave thousands seem to him in the beginning insurmountable.

TO SECURE LARGE GIFTS

of dollars to build a hospital in Af- business. He was not a man of rica, that the name of her husband very large wealth, but .one who and the name of his Lord should be would be rated only as a man of linked together to the end of time. moderate means. This man said, "I am sorry you have come, yet at the The messenger seeking gifts should same time I am glad. My judgment make a call to sacrifice. The supreme tells me that I ought not to give gift of the world's history should be anything~ but my conscience says that constantly upon his lips, and the im- I must. I am going to give you mediate sacrifices that men and wo- two thousand dollars now, and if men are making in this critical hour you wm come in the spring I feel should be told frequently to those very sure that I can increase this to who are considering gifts of their five thousand." money. Many times the messenger will not need to make his request. No argument of the messengers The prepared heart will be making could have brought about this decidecisions before he comes. SIon. It was the prepared conscience alone that could work in this way A woman recently came to a mes- on this man's heart. senger of a great enterprise and said, "I wonder if you are discouraged." In contrast to him how different The messenger confest that under was the other man who had come' the terrible strain there were certain fo the end of his day. His daughter discouragements. The woman said, was in a great college and had ap- "I had intended to give a tenth of pealed to him to endow a chair in my principal. I am worth one hun- the college. The pledge was made dred thousand dollars. But now that out and his family all wanted him to God has laid the matter so heavily sign it. His hands shook as he upon my heart I am going to give reached with the pen to sign it, and one-half. I have family obligations, then, torn with emotion, he laid but when I think of what women down the pen and said, "I can't do are doing in Belgium and in other it. I have had the money too long. countries for their countries' sake, I I simply must keep it. I suppose I feel that I would indeed be unworthy .shall go into my grave with it. Oh, if I gave less than one-half to my that I had had a different training Lord." and a different vision." He said, "I want to do it but my will will not The working of conscience in let me." If back of that man had people who have accumulated wealth, been preparation of the conscience leading them to give a legitimate and prayer, his answer would have share to God, is one of the greatest been different. aids to larger stewardship. It goes many times far beyond what even Very often when we go to a man the messenger would ask. In a criti- and ask him to give, we think that cal time last Autumn, when the he has not given according to his stress and burden of business affairs meam. Frequently this is true, but were trying, messengers went to a we know that a. man will and can man who was known to be losing give only according to his vision and one hundred dollars a day in his his light. Vie must remember that

there is growth in giving, and what the first five hundred. Giving is one a marvelous growth it is! A point of the most contagious things in the that must be continually emphasized world. is that a gift is but the beginning of larger and better things. Com- Any campaign should be conpare two campaigns conducted by cerned not only with the large one of the great denominations in givers, but it should seek also those America. It can be seen from a of moderate income. A girl in few cases how giving increased. Chicago gave until it kept her from securing clothing that she needed. In the first campaign a man gave Her pastor protested and the leaders fifty thousand dollars; in the second, of the movement in which she was a million dollars. inter~sted practically refused to ac- cept what she gave, and then she In the first campaign, a woman in said, "Do you know that my interest Texas gave a thousand dollars; in in these larger things is all that keeps the second, one hundred thousand. me from the street ? You do not, know what it means that I can have In California a man gaTe five a part in things like this." thousand dollars in the first campaign and thirty thousand in the All of these cases bring us to second. brief but definite conclusions that giving must never be mechanical, In Colorado a woman gave ten that no pressure but the pressure of thousand dollars in the first cam- Christ's love must ever be put upon paign and one hundred thousand in the life, that the call of the Church the second. must be as big as the world, and that with the world's needs before In Ohio a family gave thirty thou- the Church, the Church must be sand dollars in the first campaign driven to its knees. Truly, the only and one hundred and five thousand way of caring for the world's need in the second. in this crisis-hour in world affairs, IS, as III ancient days, "Not by In Kentucky a man gave five hun- might nor by power, but by my dred dollars in the first campaign spirit, saith the Lord of Hosts." and five thousand in the second, and he informed the messenger that he had given to other things another five thousand dollars since he gave m~ 'JLe~ger The Slipshod Giver The Systematic Giver Spent for Myself For My Lord Sold Corn for $400.00 One·tenth set Cost of rais- aside for the Big Sunday My Missionary Lord's work. $16.50 Dinner ….. $ 5.00 Offering for ing it ….. 300.00 the Year. 50 Cents Entertaining Net gain .. $100.00 My Club…. 2.50 Butter and I Candy. Sodas, Eggs •….. 15.00 Cigars, etc… 10.00 My salary this month ….. 50.00 $17.50 I $165.00 I Which of these looks like a page from your Ledger?

Be honest enough with yourself and with your God to put down in black and white your expenditures, and see what share God! gets from you. -ALVA MARTIN KERR, in The Christian MissioIJary

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!!:!~.~~ JJ 'II ,.. .A DR. R. H. GLOVER'S JOURNEY TO "THE ROOF OF THE WORLD." ARROWS INDICATE DIRECTioN A Trip to the Roof of the World A MISSIONARY JOURNEY TO THE TIBETAN BORDER AND BACK BY REV. R. H. GLOVER, M.D. Foreign Secretary of the Christian and Missionary Alliance , II'TIHE plateau of which Shensi, Kansu, and Szechuan. It Tibet is the center has would be difficult to map out in any other country a tour · offering equal . appropriately bee n variety of features and experiences.

~ I.. called "the roof of the 'hie spent seventy-five days in actual travel by railway, mule-chair, ~ world." The writer's mule-litter, horseback, sedan chair, native boats, and river steamer. In recent journey to the addition to members of the Christian and Missionary Alliance we met with eaves of that roof, on the Kansu- II5 missIonaries; representing nine ~ocieties, at 22 centers. Tibetan border, was for the purpose Sights by the Way of visiting the China-Tibetan Border There were many interesting va- Mission of the Christian and Mis- rieties of landscape, soil, products, food, customs, etc. Proceeding sionary Alliance, in S: W . Kansit northward from Hankow by rail, the low Yangtsze flats soon gave place and the adjacent province of Ando to higher, rolling country, until paddy fields had altogether disappeared and in Outer Tibet. we saw great fields of millet, kao'l- iallg (sorghum), buckwheat, sesamum Hankow, the large and growing Yangtsze river-port, 700 miles in- land from Shanghai, is the point of transhipment and distribution for missionaries and their supplies to the great interior provinces north, west and southwest. Our route, which occupied four months and cov- ered 3,200 miles, took us through five of China's provinces: Hupeh, Honan,

and beans. A pleasing fact was tlIat with the thermometer only a trifle we found no vestige of poppy where above zero. till recently it was one of the main crops. Further north and west in The route from Kansu to Szechuan, Honan and Shensi were vast stretches over the high watershed separating of cotton, wheat and other hardy the great valleys of the Yellow and grains, with here and there beautiful Yangtsze Rivers, is seldom traveled orchards of pear, persimmons and by foreigners. It was in the face of walnut. Between were ranges of warnings as to desperately hard high hills of the loess formation of roads, wretched inns, poor food and light-brown clay, in the sides of lurking robbers that we decided to which live thousands of cave-dwell- attempt it. The predictions proved ers. Some of these hills rise sheer true. On the narrow, uneven and from the plain to a great height, precarious path along rocky ledges with perpendicular walls. Others re- of precipices, sometimes at dizzy semble castles or forts, or rise in heights, a misstep by horse or m:m receding tiers with several rows of would spell disaster if not death. cave-dwellings one above another on Even with a sure-footed horse it was succeeding ledges. Heavy rains at expedient to walk fully one-third o'f times convert the roads into veritable the way. The scenery at every canals of mud a foot or more deep; turn of the deep, lonely canyon was and again the long dry season fur- majestic. nishes dust which well-nigh chokes and stifles the traveler. We fre- At a busy mart called Pi-k'eo, a quently met long caravans of heavily few miles north of the Kansuladen carts and pack-mules, and in Szechuan border, we secured space these narrow cuts passing is a task on a native medicine-boat to travel which taxes to the limit the strength down a swift tributary of the Kiaof mule, the ingenuity (and, inci- ling and had a thrilling experience dentally, also, the bad language) of of shooting rapids. For the first driver and the nerves of traveler. eighty miles not a stroke of an oar was taken to propel the large boat, Carts are no longer of use when the entire energies of a crew of we reach the high mountains of east- twenty-six men being devoted to ern Kansu, and pack-mules, donkeys, steering the craft safely through the and horses take their place. The sta- roaring waters by means of a huge tions of the Christian and Missionary sweep at the bow and two smaller Alliance vary in altitude from 6,500 ones at the sides. to g.,500 feet. The climate is cold, dry and invigorating, the soil only At Paoning, where the Tung-kiang meagerly productive, the population empties into the Kialing River, the sparse. We crossed at least three boat was exchanged for sedan-chair, ranges in Southern Kansu (some- and a ten-day trip brought us to the times called the Alps of China), at Yangtsze at Vanhsien, 320. miles :!. height' of between' II,OOO . and above Ichang. The beautiful country 12,000 feet, the last one in early was studded with densely peopled December in a driving snowstorm citi«s and busy' markets, which con- trasted sharply with bare and sparsely populated Kansu. The re- A GLIMPSE OF THE ROAD THROUGH A GORGE IN SOUTHERN KANSU

maining 700 miles lay down the fa- caprice, cruelty, and passion. When mous and magnificent gorges of the shall all these lonely sheep hidden in Yangtsze to Ichang and thence by the caves of Shensi or wandering on steamer to Hankow. Again and the mountains of Kansu hear the again have missionary parties been Good Shepherd's voice? Who with wrecked and suffered the loss of all patient love will tell them of Him their goods in the rapids, tho for- and lead them to His fold? "And tunately no missionary life has ever obher sheep I have," we seem still been lost. to hear Him saying softly, "them The Mission Field also I must bring." Must He? Then some one who belongs to Him must The impression which stamps it- be His messenger.

self most forcibly of all upon the The only two missions at work mind of a missionary vIsItor to in Kansu are the China Inland Mis- China's remote interior must be that sion and the Christian and Mission- of the overwhelming evangelistic ary Alliance. The former has two need that still exists. On one sec- stations in the southeast, but the tion of the journey alone, from the larger portion of its work lies in the end of the railway to the first sta- north. Recently its workers have tions in Kansu we passed at least penetrated far beyond the boundary eight or nine walled cities, not to of the province into the New Do- speak of very many smaller places, rJlinion. The Christian and Mission- all of which still remain unmanned ary Alliance field is that section of and almost wholly unworked. This Kansu west of the rao River and was only on one direct line of south of the Yellow River, altho it march. The map showed several has two main stations and several times this number if a strip of a few outstations slightly to the east of tens of miles on either side of this the T'ao. Its aim has been to occupy route was included. the border towns as 'bases for opera- If it is true that from 70 to 80 tions into Tibet. The chief Chinese per cent. of China's population lives cities at present worked are Titao, in the country, not in cities or K'ung-ch'ang, Minchow, Kaichow towns, what further emphasis does and Taochow New City. Taochow this give to the unmet need of the Old City constitutes a combined millions of this people! Never be- Chinese and Tibetan station; Hochow fore was the burden of compassion a center for work equally among and concern for darkened heathen Chinese and Mohammedans, while souls rolled quite so heavily upon the town of Chane and the villages our heart. There was such a pathos of Lu-pa and Hsien-ti, across the that spoke of unsatisfied longing in border, are wholly Tibetan.

many faces which we scanned, par- Kansu presents serious race prob- ticularly those of the poor women lems. Chinese, Mohammedans and Ti- with tJ:1eir cheerless life of drudgery, betans living in close proximity and the patient sufferers of a lot in relations one with another are yet which they have had no choice, and quite distinct in race, religion, and to too often the undefended victims of a large extent in language. More

A TRIP TO THE ROOF OF THE

THE WORK OF "WHITE WOLF"-A CORNER OF T'AOCHOW AFTER A RAID BY THE CHINESE BANDIT

than this-and a fact which enters An Liang, said to be at once the seriously into missionary work-they richest and the most influential man cordially dislike and suspect one an- in Kansu.

other. We were profoundly imprest with The Chinese are much the most this place as a strategic center for numerous, but they may be passed by work among Moslems in Kansu, and without special mention as being no have ever since continued to pray different from their fellows in the for some strong, consecrated man other provinces, except perhaps in who will fit himself as a specialist their greater illiteracy and frugality for such work, which must be reof living, for Kansu is a most back- garded and treated as a distinct enward province. terprise in itself if it is to be made a success. The pronounced antipathy Of a total population of ten mil- existing between Chinese and Molions in all Kansu the Mohammedans hammedans makes joint gospel work probably constitute two millions. for the two classes unsatisfactory. The large majority of them are Chin- We were told that in Hochow feuds ese speaking, and while possessing are frequent and bitter. Deeply ima slight sprinkling of Persian blood bedded in the Moslem heart is a they are, through intermarriage and hatred of Chinese dominancy and a long residence among the Chinese, cherished hope some day to shake off fully assimilated, except in religion. the yoke. Those who know the There are also Turkish Mohamme- situation most intimately have grave dans, commonly called salas, num- fears that the Mohammedans III bering over 100,000, and Mongolian Mohammedans, numbering between 150,000 and 200,000. In the part of Kansu are only waiting for some fa- Kansu under consideration they vorable opportunity to rise in rebel- occupy mainly three counties, but lion for which they have long been their greatest center of population is preparing, and that should trouble Hochow, the city toward which the elsewhere in the republic provide late William W. Borden was looking. such opportunity by diverting China's We spent two days there visiting attention and calling away her Kansu the outstation of the Christian and troops there would follow in that Missionary Alliance, whose twenty province a time of bloodshed which or thirty local converts are all would be terrible indeed. May God Chinese. Hochow is a large, busy postpone the day!

and up-to-date city. The district The Tibetan province of Ando, within the walls is almost entirely adjoining Kansu, has a population of occupied by Chinese, while that out- about one million, and the Tibetans side, constituting by far the most within the present field of the Chris- important business section, is as ex- tian and Missionary Alliance along clusively in the hands of Mohamme- the border constitute about one- dans, who have, here as everywhere quarter of that number. There are else, captured the biggest part of the many separate tribes, such as the trade. This city is the home of the Golok, T'eh-pu, Chone, Drokwa, and famous Mohammedan General Ma Black Tibetans. They are wild,

A TRIP TO THE ROOF OF THE WORLD

sturdy farmers and hunters, and and other regular methods as in many of them fierce robbers. Edu- China. Thus far the work has concation and morality are on a sadly sisted of longer and shorter tours low level among them. The popu- among the villages, following provilation, unlike that of China, is on dential openings, and these tours have the decrease, the chief cause being been the means of steadily breaking the prevailing custom of all but one down SuspICIOn and prej udice in of the sons of a family entering the general and of forming not a few priesthood, leaving the remaining one warm individual friendships which to keep up the homestead and con- have in turn led on to an exchange tribute to their support. The gross of visits of several days' duration at ignorance, open debauchery and the missionary station and in village abominable secret sins which so homes.

CROSSING THE SNOW-CLAD MOUNTAINS IN KANSU. 1l,()()O FEET HIGH, IN ZERO WEATHER largely dominate the life of the The Tibetans are as hospitable to Tibetan monasteries are notorious, their friends as they are hostile to while their absolute control of the their enemies, and entertain their people stultifies and depraves the guests royally. The mIssIOnaries entire community, and makes it have most willingly adapted themdoubly hard for a Tibetan to confess selves to the social tendencies of the Christ. people by providing ample guest- rooms and entertainment for visitors Missionary work under such con- on their stations. During our ditions is obviously attended with twelve days' stay at T'aochow we many difficulties. The fact, too, that met a number of Tibetan guests the population is scattered in small from various Pflrts, a few from villages, with no centers of any size places thirty or forty miles distant. except the main monasteries, pre- We in turn enj oyed the unique exvents the employment of street-chapel

THE ASSEM BLY HALL. CHONE TIBETAN MONASTERY perience of two days' visiting in the H is name Aku Cherul has the dighomes of several Tibetan friends. nified meaning of "Uncle Rotten Dog," but he is a man of real promi- Leaving T'aochow at daybreak nence, and well-to-do, being the and crossing the beautiful, clear- headman over several villages in the watered T 'ao River on one o f the valley. characteristic ferry-boats pulled across on a h<:avy rope cable, we We were, however, ushered into rode over a range of hill s skirting his spacious house, and in a few minthe river and entered a lovely, fer- utes he himself appeared, his intile valley dotted with villages. At stincts of hospitality for the time our approach on horseback scores of overcoming his religiou s devotions. fine pheasant and other gam e fl ew ;Ve were agreeably surprized at the up from the grassy roadsides. The fine character of this and several villages were straggling affairs, each other Tibetan homes we visited home being encloseci by its own high among the upper class. The main wall. In a n open space in the first apartment, where we were received, village we came upon a large group was large and attractively appointed, of women squatting on the ground the walls being finished with panelturning prayer-wheels and chanting ling of polished boards in dark color. a weird, monotonous air. This an- A large, well built k'amg or raised nounced the fact that we had come platform, overlaid with pretty and on a dumb-fast day, when a large costly rugs of Mongolian wool, did proportion of the villagers, from re- double service as sitting-room and ligious motives, were abstaining dining-room for the guests. There from speaking and eating. We we sat cross-legged around a low questioned if the host who had in- table laden with yiands, which invited us would be free to receive l1S. cluded a steaming leg of fine mut-

5] A TRIP TO THE ROOF OF THE

ton, bowls of rich milk, cups of tea cular form, as we observed when he into which big lumps of butter were at times thrust out a bare arm and dropt, honey, and a big dish of shoulder from his great single garbarley flour from which each guest ment of sheepskin girdled at the was supposed to help himself and waist. His head was surmounted with the aid of butter knead his cake with a huge fur cap. Such, with the of indispensable tsamba. The food addition of high skin boots, constiwas prepared in a well-ordered kit- tutes the common dress of both chen in one corner of the same apart- sexes the whole year round in that ment, furnished with a liberal array bracing climate. Aku Cherul was for of iron and brass utensils. The whole a time a bitter enemy and opponent p'ace had an air of affluence and of th~ missionaries, but like many DR. GLOVER WITH CHRISTIAN ANP MISSIONARY ALLIANCE CHINESE EVANGELISTS IN KANSU Pf..OVTNCE even a measure of refinement. Four others has become their staunch women of the family busied them- friend, even tho as yet he has selves waiting on us. They were shown no sign of repentance and robust and pleasant-faced, and their faith in Christ. plaited hair was heavily adorned with brass and silver ornaments. They It was deep1y impressive to hear acted with much more freedom than him and several other influential vil- Chinese women, and readily assented lagers plead that day, as we sat toto posing on the flat roof of the gether on the k'ang, that Messrs. house for a photograph. Christie and Ruhl, the two mission- aries whom they knew best and who Our host himself was an inter- were to be transferred for a time esting study. He was a good deal to Chinese stations because of shortabove. middle age and gray, but still age of workers, might be allowed vigorous and in the finest of mus- to remain in· their district. There

was no mistaking the genuineness of has as yet f~w, but it was most entheir regard for these men and their couraging to find that those few were desire for their continued friendship. of the right type. The first of them This fact in itself was very gratify- was an ordained Buddhist priesting and hopeful. Nowhere have we the only priest as yet converted in ever enjoyed heartier hospitality than that disfrict. He heard the Gospel from those rough Tibetan friends. eight years before receiving it, and We bade a reluctant farewell after for some time showed great hatred the customary exchange of presents. and opposition. After conversion he Theirs included two whole drest was nicknamed "the foreigner's dog," sheep among other things, each in- and was much persecuted' by the dividual's gift being accompanied by priests. He is now sixty-two years a "scarf of friendship" of delicate old. has been a faithful and loyal pale-blue watered silk. When finally Christian, and as a servant of differwe came away, old Aku Cherul ent missionaries off and on for eighinsisted on mounting a spirited- horse teen years he has never been known and escorting us a mile or two. to steal or cheat a cash-worth. An: other member at Chone was sus- Even in some of the monasteries pended by his thumbs for refusing an entrance has been gained and to take part in village idolatries, his friends have been won. We were skin garment was removed and a accorded a courteous reception in company marched round him beatthe Chone monastery, where 500 ing him with willow switches. His priests reside, and were shown flock of sheep, gun and other things through most of its buildings. There have been taken from him and he we had cordial talks with the pre- has three times had to flee for his siding "Living Buddha" and the life. But in spite of all this he still official who superintends the printing remains faithful. of the sacred books. The latter presented us with a bulky copy of one After a long series of interrupof the Buddhist classics in Tibetan tions and numerous drawbacks in the character, and showed us through work; due to disturbed conditions, the printing establishment. One of this field, specific troubles such as copy of the Buddhist Bible in Tibetan the Boxer uprising, the Revolution of consists of 108 volumes, making 19II and the White Wolf raids, and four pack-mule loads, and costs the to contingencies in the missionary equivalent of about $450 American staff, a more aggressive advance into money. The Commentary on the this needy and attractive Tibetan same is approximately double in bulk field is being prayerfully planned, and price. In one year's working with the assurance that God is leadseason only three copies of these two ing the way and will crown the sets of books can be produced by efforts with fruitful results. the twenty-two printers employed. The Chinese section of the work Tibetan Converts in this field, while in a measure similarly affected by the above-men- Of baptized Tibetan converts the tioned conditions, has had a very Christian and Missionary Alliance

A TRIP TO THE ROOF OF THE

DR. GLOVER AND T WO TYPICAL TIBETA NS OF ANDO PROVINCE The man on the left carries a sword in hj ~ girdle, and the man on .the right holds a gun real measure of blessing. Several dued, and are proving a great hundreds have been received into strength to the work. Several of the churches on clear evidence of a them are men of literary degree, and change of heart and life, and at the some have sacrificed good positions present time there are signs of a to enter the ministry. One resigned larger number turning to the Lord from a yamen secretaryship to bein every station. A score of staunch come at first a humble colporteur 011 Chinese evangelists have been called less than one-fourth his former out, well-trained and spiritually en- salary. Now, as an earnest evan-

gelist, he still receives only. about our hand" in her two wrinkled ones one-third. told in a broken voice how the young Two features of this work are im- son had wearied out their united at- pressive and stimulating. One is the tempts to break his faith and had re- absence throughout its history of at- mained a consistent Christian and tempts on the part of the native become a rebuke to them all. He is workers to use the Mission name or slowly but surely leading his whole influence in lawsuits in which mem- family to Jesus Christ. Thank God bers or candidates were involved. that the martyr spirit and the saintly The danger and detriment of this life are not things of the past alone.

sort of thing to the Church of Christ They still lie latent in the breast of in China in past years is well-known many a poor heathen of crude, un~ to every missionary. The strong, promising exterior, if only the consistent stand against such a temp- obedience of Christ's followers in tation on the part of these Kansu Christian lands will provide them the workers has had its most salutary chance to be born and developed.

effect upon the quality of enquirers Only a few months before our and church-members, and has won visit the Kansu Mission had passed for the work the respect and good- through two experiences of suffering will of the native officials and high- and peril, the first at the hands of minded section of the communities. the notorious brigand White Wolf The other feature is Jhe fact that and his f1endish followers, the second with few if any exceptions the con- in the form of a murderous night verts have been subjected to severe attack of a band of 160 wild Tibetan persecution for their confession of robbers of the T'eh-pu tribe. For the Savior. Some have been cruelly two weeks or more, going and re- beaten by relatives; others have been turning, we followed in the track of ejected by their clans; others dis- White Wolf's depredations, and were possest of lands and property. In appalled at the sight of the ruthless one of the outstations we met a devastation wrought all along the particularly attractive, modest Chris- route. But the climax was only tian young man, and learned that reached in the Christian and Mission- not only had he been frequently ary Alliance field of South Western kicked and cuffed by his father and Kansu, and the cities of Minchow eldest brother but when he persisted and T'aochow in particular. In the in attending the Gospel services his partial destruction of the former city own mother in a frenzy of wrath had the mission's property was laid in driven him from the chapel and pub- ruins. The missionaries, Rev. Wm.

licly stoned him down the village and Mrs. Christie and little daughter street, stopping barely short of kill- and Misses MacKinnon and Haup- ing him. That old mother came to berg, escaped death by a marvelous meet us on our visit, insisted on our chain of Divine providences. Every taking breakfast in her home the vestige of their earthly belongings morning we started away, and as we except the clothing they wore at the sat partaking of the family's humble time was destroyed, and they with a fare she came dose up and taking group of native Christians were fugitives for eight days upon the selves to the task of comforting the mountains, compelled to beg for food sorrowing, feeding the hungry, and and subsist upon fare hardly fit for in the face of imminent danger to animals. Two male Christians were their own lives from threatening killed and several Christian women typhus, treating and nursing as best captured and subjected to shameful they could the wounded and sick abuse. ones. God mercifully preserved their At T'aochow and Chone the mis- lives and used them to save the lives sionaries receiving a day's notice of hundreds who, but for the mis- were able to escape across the T'ao sionaries' kind succor would have into Tibet. The mission's premises perished. More than this, He has at Chone were unharmed; those at turned these awful experiences to T'aochow were partially destroyed. account for the Gospel, and the Never have we beheld another such practical demonstration of the Sa- scene of devastation wrought by evil vior's love through His followers'

men as that which greeted us at 1111111stry has made a deeper impres- T'aochow Old City. In one brief sion all through the district than but awful night between 8,000 and perhaps anything else could have 10,000 human beings were either made. Many and varied have been brutally butchered or driven to sui- the tokens of appreciation by all cide and the entire city within the classes, new hearts and homes have walls laid in heaps of ashes. Only been opened, and we doubt not that thirty-seven small dwelling remained. a large number of precious souls Filled with diabolical rage these men, saved will be a direct result of that in demoniacal frenzy, seemed deter- baptism of suffering.

mined to destroy everything that Nowhere on the mission-field have had breath, and even shot down we met with a happier or more vic- ruthlessly vast numbers of domestic' torious company, either of mission- animals. aries or of native Christians, than Need we attempt to picture the those who had so recently passed experiences which for this band of through such deep waters of afflic- missionaries followed those days of tion. Nowhere was fellowship in massacre, the sickening sight of deau prayer, testimony, and the study oi and mutilated bodies, the stench of the Word more sweet and helpful.

decaying flesh left unburied; the lVe came away with a deepened' ad- ghastly wounds and pitiable suffer- miration and affection for the brave ings of the .wounded, the harrowing men and women who, far away from accounts poured into their ears by scenes and associations so dear to destitute survivors, not to speak of them, are cheerfully suffering priva- the intense strain upon their own tions, facing dangers, spending and bodies and nerves because of what being spent on these lonely outposts they had passed through and the of the 'mission-field, that they may suspense of uncertainty as to what bring temporal cheer and eternal hope might still be awaiting them. Yet to their less-favored fellow men there was no faltering or falling through the telling and reflecting of down, but bravely they addrest them- a Saviour's love.

ME.ETING OF TH;E INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY UNION, CLIFTO'N SPRINGS, JUNE

KEY TO' GRO'UP PICTURE (Beginning Lower Left Corner) Rev. J.

A.-I. Mrs. Geo. WilJiams. 2. Mrs K. B. Shaff.er. 3. Mrs. H. J. Bost:vick. 4. Rev. G. H. Jones. 5. Dr. C. T. 9.?te. 6. Dr. nJ.r.S. Sto'De. B.-I. Col. E. W. Halford. 2. Rev . H. Loonlls. S. Newton. 5. C. Ibayer. 6. W. H. 3. DT. C. P . Merntt. 4. Mrs. Roberts. 7. 11rs 'V. H . Roberts. 8. ~lrs. A. Dows]ey. 9. Miss Lida Smith. 10. Mrs. .T. S. Stone. .

C.-I. Rev. F. O. Emerson. 2. Mrs. F. O. Emerson. 3. *Wm. Blackstone. 4. Rev. Geo. C. Lenington. 5. Mrs. T. C. Garritt 6. Mrs. E. B. Goodwin. 7. Rev. W. P. Sprague. 8. Mrs. Alice M. Villiams. 9. *Mis'S Helen Wil1iams. 10. *Miss Gladys Williams. 11. Mrs. H erbe rt Schwartz. 12. "'"Otis Draper , 13. Miss Elsa lohnson. 14. Miss Mary Thompson. D.-I. Ivlrs. J. H. Blackstone. 2. *Eleanor Blackstone . 3. Rev. J. H. nlackstone. 4. David McConaughy. 5. Rev. L. Ostrand.e~. 6. Miss M. J. Cartwell. 7. M i~s A. E. Glendenning. E.-I. *Miss C. }'1. Baldwin. 2. Miss B. 'Vood. 3: Miss Anna M. Linker. 4. Rev. Lewis Linze11. 5. Rev. J. M. Baker. 6. f2~blf~S~rG.D;ap~~. R1~·. ~1r~h+:e~~eSa~de~s~V. M. L. ~timson. 9. Rev. R. G. Bent. 10. *Miss Alice Thayer. 11. Rev. J. M. Baldwin.

F.-l. H. J. Bostwjck. 2. Miss E. Clark. 3. J..liss E. M. Trent. 4. lfiss N. T. Dean. 5. *Dr. ]. A. Sanders. 6. JiIiss Ida Drake. 7. Miss J. Moulton. 8. Miss S. C. Brackbrill. 9. Rev. G. Draper. 10. Mrs. H. Schoonmaker.

… Children of missionaries.

God's Call to the

VOICED IN THE THIRTY.SECOND ANNUAL MEETINC OF THE INTER· NATIONAL MISSIONARY UNION~ AT CLIFTON SPRINGS, N. Y., JUNE 23-27, 1915 BY GEORGE C. LENINGTON, SECRETARY mI N the beautiful spot of Europe but from many districts ~ where Dr. Henry in mission lands. If the Gospel of Foster for so many peace and brotherly love is not years welcomed hun- proclaimed speedily and with 'pOwer dreds of missionaries to peoples who know not Christ, the who compose the day of opportunity will pass. Even membership of the International now many of the Christian Africans Missionary Union, were gathered in have been called upon to shoulder this year of world-enveloping war guns and enter into the struggles of workers from all over the earth. the present world war. As a result, The Call to the Home Ch",rc:h in some parts of Africa no mission- aries can travel inland from the The missionaries called upon the coast to reach their fields of work.

Christians at home for more prayer From some stations in the interior as the most important need of the no word can be received and the fate moment. If every church-member of the missionary workers there is would enter into regular, systematic unknown, In Northern Persia thou- intercession for some definite worker sands of Christians have been mas- at the front, every missionary would sacred, and untold suffering has have a band of two thousand com- been endured. Only the bravery of rades in prayer behind him. The re- Christian missionaries has prevented sults of such united effort can not a general slaughter too horrible to even be imagined. It will never be contemplate. One village in which realized until every Christian is will- thousands of Christians had crowder!

ing to lead "the sacrificial life"-he for refuge was attacked by a band who stays in the home country as of these soldiers. The tidings were well as he who is a herald on the carried to the Presbyterian mission- frontier. Ear n est prayer for these aries six miles away in Urumia.

world-workers should be offered by One of them, Rev. Mr. Packard, at the individual, by the family, and by once seized the American flag and t,he church. set forth to attempt a rescue. In The Call of the World-War spite of countless difficulties he suc- ceeded in reaching the Kurdish chief Amid the terrible sounds of and demanded that the massacre strife may be heard the call of God, should cease. The sheik finally per- not only from the, wretched peoples mitted him to take 1,000 of the re-

fugees to safety; but the Christian ating class from a large law-school church and the hundreds who had refused an invitation to attend the gone to it for refuge had already Y. M. C. A. meeting on the ground been burned. From such scenes can that only weaklings would consent to be heard the voice of God urging go to religious exercises.

His people to hasten the work of Pitiful in the extreme also is the bearing the tidings of the Prince of condition of the ten million or more Peace to all mankind. Not only Indians in various parts of the Con- must man love God with all his tinent who still worship their fetishes being, but he must also love his and idols. God is summoning His fellow man as Christ loved him. forces to care for these. untouched human brothers.

The Call from Latin America As never before these nations to In the lands of Central and South the south are turning their eyes to America the people are gasping the North American Republic for" for the breath of God. The num- commercial and intellectual interber of Christian missionaries sent to change, to advance the interests of these peoples has thus far been all Latin-American peoples. The totally inadequate. In the Republic political jealousies of yesterday have of Venezuela, with millions of hu- largely vanished and are being reman beings, only three evangelical placed by plans for cooperation. heralds proclaim the gospel of life The Church of Christ does well to through Ghrist. Much the same is take advantage of this growing true in other Latin-American coun- friendliness to promote the Latin tries. Great cities with large popu- American Congress at Panama. In lations have no rescue mission, the last few years many of the settlement houses, or voices calling brightest students in the universities to a higher spiritual life. Thousands of South America have seen a new live untouched by any appeal to obey possibility in the attainment of their the will of God. The Bible is still desires to uplift the peoples of their a forbidden book in this part of the own countries. In the student conworld, and even in this twentieth ferences held at Piriapolis, Uruguay, century bonfires have been lighted in they have heard that the Word of front of noble cathedrals to consume God presents the truth that makes the Book of God. Hundreds of men free, that in it are the principles thousands of N ew Testaments are which ennoble life, and that obedibeing scattered from sea to sea, but ence to its precepts makes life pure those who read them do so against and strong. Altho no great movethe command of their priests. As a ment has yet been started among result of the religious conditions in them, 'the time is ripe for presenting South America the educated classes clearly the great dynamic of pure have come to look upon religion as Christianity.

unmanly, and scholars and men of The Call From Africa affairs admit that they would be Miss Emily Clark, of the Sudan ashamed to be seen in religious meet- Inland Mission, pictures the present ings. The honor-man in a gradu- and pressing opportunity in West

GOD'S CALL TO THE

Africa. The most important people all be Christian or Moslem. To-day of all West Equatorial Africa, among they prefer Christianity-shall the3e the most promising people of the tribes be given the Light or Life- continent, are the Hausas. Twenty or the misleading light of Islam?

to thirty million of them who occupy One of the pressing calls is for the western Sudan are as yet scarcely Christian educational work III touched by Christianity. They are Africa. The British Go~ernment has more civilized than other people of established several large schools for this part of Africa and have made Moslem boys to which the chiefs are considerable progress in various arts, obliged to send their own sons and such as iron and brass work, weav- the sons of the leaders. But the ing, and the like. They are the only government does not wish these Mos- people of all this section who have lems . to become teachers in the themselves reduced their language to schools to be opened among the writing. They are also born traders, pagan tribes; so it has written to the and travel for thousands of miles, missions asking for Christian young imposing their language and ideas men, or those with a leaning toward upon all who -deal with them. Rausa 01ristianity, to teach in any schools seems destined to become the general it may open. What an opportunity language of western Africa. Already to evangelize the pagan tribes wilh- it is possible to travel anywhere in out expense, through these teachers northern Nigeria and far into French in government employ! Tho they and German territory with a knowl- would not teach religion in the edge of this one language (a very school, yet their lives and words easy one). Having mastered Hausa, would be witnessing for Christ and the Christian missionary can thus the pagans, now so sensitive to their travel even into remote regions and need for something better, would be still be able to declare to the peoples quick to learn and accept the best the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ. news that teacher ever brought.

But, despite this advantage, the Like trumpets of victory come the Church has been slow to give this ,tidings of success which God has great people the Word of God in been giving His hosts in West Africa. their own tongue. The entire New Among the Kamerun forests are Testament has now been translated hundreds of men and women jourand the Pentateuch is being rapidly neying to the villages with the Word put through the press. of God in their hands. The seed has The Rausa people are everywhere been scattered thick and far and lfoslems and are to-day in Africa now the harvest is being gathered.

the chief missionary force of that The Presbyterian church at Elat has great antf-Christian religion. The a communicant membership of over results of their devotion are astound- 2,600 and with these are associated ing and call us to face the grave IS,<XX> more who have asked to be'

crisis among the pagan tribes. At received into the Church of Christ.

the present rate of progress there These catechumens are being instruc- will be, ten years hence, no pagan ted in Christian faith and practise, tribes in Equatorial Africa; they will and with eager desire are adopting

the most modern methods 0-£ giving In the name of religion, however; for the work of God. In this one these' children are deeply sinned church there are over 15,000 indi- against. The girls are' married beviduals who give systematically to fore they are ten years of! age. the support of the Bible readers and According to the last census child evangelists by means of monthly wives under ten years numbe~ed envelops. It is repc>rted that the 2,200,000; under five years 243,502; congregations on "collection Sun- under one year 10,507. If a little days" are always larger by hundreds girl's husband dies, even tho she has of worshipers than on other Sun- never seen him, she is a widow for days. With a monthly w:age of two life. Little innocent girlies, who in and a half to three dollars these America would be loved and shel- African Christians are giving thou- tered from all that would stain, are sands of dollars to spread the Gospel also married to the gods-in other among their fellow creatures. words; they become servants and slaves of the pries.ts, and live lives This work in the Kamerun country of sin and profligacy. is one of God's modern miracles. Rev. F. O. Emerson reported that Only I per cent. of the women when a new station was opened two in India can read and write, and for years ago because of the pressing many years it was almost impossible .demand for the work, a school was to do anything among the higher soon gathered numbering 1,200 classes as it was thought that only pupils. When a church was organ- dancing-girls should be taught to ized there was an audience of over read and sing. Entrance into some 5,000 people. In a recent Communion of the zenanas is still most difficult. service at Elat, there was an audience After much persuasion a lawyer, on of over 6,000. The record audience a government holiday allowed Miss for any single service at this place Linker only five minutes fo see the is 8,100. women of the house. When she played at their piano and sang, the The Call From India women had such a good time that they begged their husbands to allow From their earliest years the her to come again. Now this children of India are taken by their Zenana is wide open, the women mothers to the Temple to present have learned to read, the children attheir offerings and to bow before the tend school and the Gospel message images of wood and stone; they are is gladly received. taught that bathing in the river is an act of worship and that merit is Fifteen years ago a great crowd of to be gained by pilgrimages. At people stood on the wharf in Bombay home they' are instructed concerning to welcome the incoming of the ship the names and doings of the many Quito, which had come laden with gods that are commonly worshiped American corn to feed the famine and concerning their caste and its sufferers of India. Sir Narayan requirements. It is surprizing how Chandervakar, one of India's greatest much a child of four or five IS C011- sons, pointed to the bags of corn, scious of caste difference. and said t~ the people, "When' I see

1 5] GOD'S CALL TO THE CHURCH

a sight like this, the gift of Christian norant murderer into a flaming America to starving India, I am com- Christian evangelist. pelled to believe that Jesus Christ is living in the world to this day." The Call From Japan That corn has been like good seed which a mast& farmer had carefully The Rev. Gideon F. Draper, D.D., selected and planted in good soil. told of the three years' evangelistic It is now bringing forth an abundant work started in Japan as a result spiritual harvest. Rev. Lewis Linzell of the Edinburgh conference Conof India told of one of the annual tinuation Committees meeting there. preachers' meetings, held recently, Dr. John R. Mott was so imprest when a great company of men, 750 with the need and opportunity in by actual count, having marched a Japan that he promised to raise distance of 30 miles, came to enrol $25,000 for the campaign, provided.a themselves as seekers after Christ. Be- similar amOl,mt could be raised in fore they left they asked whether Japan. The Japanese Christian preachers could be sent to teach all workers of the various denominatheir people about Christ. Now from tions are taking the lead in this that tribe many; are turning to Jesus United Evangelistic movement, and Christ. the missionaries are cooperating with them. The "Billy Sunday" of Last year the Methodist Mission, Japan~Rev. S. Kimura-has been says Bishop J.W. Robinson, bap- holding tent meetings under the tized 37,513, almost all of whom shadow of the Parliament buildings were converts from heathenism. in Tokio and hundreds of Japanese However, all who came could not be have signed cards as inquirers in re~ accepted. The District Superinten- sponse to his fervent presentation of dents report that there were 152,200 the Gospel. Japan is being touched who were standing at the door say- and molded by Christianity in spite ing to us: "Teach us, baptize us, of all antagonistic influences. we want to enter the Christian Church." These people had to be When Rev. Henry Loomis, D.D., refused admittance because there was American Bible Society Agent in no one to teach them. Yokohama, went to Japan in 1872 the edicts against Christianity were The successes granted by the Lord still standing and the name of Christ of the harvest in Burma, were re- was the most hated name in Japan. ported by Rev. C. E. Chaney. To- His first work was to teach English day the Baptist Mission at. Bassein to a class of boys, two of whom represents 145 churches with a mem- were Christians. The other membership of nearly 14,000. The school bers of that class became Christians when assembled in the chapel num- and formed the nucleus of a church bers over 800, a third of whom are which now numbers 754 members. girls in a land where girls are not educated. This chapel was built in There are now about 100,000 J apmemory of the work of· the great anese church-members and a much Karen pioneer, Ko Tho Byu, whose larger Christian constituency, so that conversion changed him from an ig- one can travel from one end of Japan to the other and spend eve,ry night

in a Christian home. There is a does not regard the Sabbath. I can conviction among the leading men in not conscientiously remain in such a Japan that Christianity is the one position and have decided to start religion that can supply the moral business myself. Can you give me needs of the country, and it alone work?" Mr. Loomis gave him some will produce the highest type of work and promised that if he did it civilization. As a result of this con- satisfactorily the patronage would be viction the next Vorld's Sunday- ·continued. He secured two hawischool convention has been invited to presses, hired six or eight men, and meet in Tokyo and the funds that rented two rooms that had formerly may be needed for this obj ect are been used as a salo~n. Before work guaranteed by Count Okuma, the was begun he held a Christian serv- Prime Minister, Baron Sakatane ice to ask God's blessing upon the (Mayor of Tokyo), Mr. Tokano work and to dedicate the whole en- (Head of the Chamber of Com- terprise to His service. That man merce), and Baron Shibusawa (the has now a plant worth some $30,008 1eading Japanese banker). Judge to $50,000, and employs five hundred Watanabe, the man selected to or- men. Every Monday morning there ganize a judicial system in 'Korea, is is a religious service before the work an elder in the Presbyterian church of the week begins. The company and was president of the Y. M. C. A. has now branches in KoM and in Yokohama. When he was con- Tokyo, and prints the Scriptures for gratulated on his appointment he Japan, Korea, China and Philippines, replied that he went to Korea not Siam, the Straits Settlements and simply to establish a system of law also for Spanish-speaking people in and justice but to witness for Jesus various countries. Christ. He is president of the J apanese Y. M. C. A. in Seoul and an Miss Katherine Drake told of her elder and active member of the J ap- work for the children in Japan. anese church in that city. Christian girls go out two and two from the boarding-schools and gather When the war broke out between the children together on the street, Japan and Russia the agent Of the and teach them the Sunday-school American Bible society in Yokohama lessons. One thousand and fifteen asked permission to distribute Scrip- children attended the Christmas sertures among the soldiers as he had vice of the combined street Sundaydone during the war with China. schools taught by the students of General Terauchi, the minister of one girls' school in Tokyo last war, replied that if the Scriptures Christmas. were sent to him he would have them distributed. He is now the When a child died, after being in Governor-General of Korea. the mission kindergarten three years, her Buddhist father asked for a Eighteen years ago a young Chris- Christian funeral-service, because the tian Japanese came to Mr. Loomis child had showed such a Christian and said: "I have been employed by spirit. Children show the Christian a printing company whose business spirit in their homes by truth-telling methods I do not approve and which

GOD'S CALL TO THE

and loving acts, so that parents learn Revivals and new work are noted the true ideals of Christianity. in Sofia and Varna, and deep spiri- tual interest in Samokov. Churches The Call from Bulgaria have been enlarged and new ones built even in war-swept Macedonia. Open doors for the Gospel in Bul- The Ministry of Education has regaria was one result of the Balkan cognized the Mission School for girls war. Rev. Leroy F. Ostrander said in Samokov and promised soon to that the Bulgarian response to the do the same for the School for Boys. unexpected call for mobilization was It has also given these schools its most enthusiastic, and carried the official recommendation, especially for army to its wonderful victories over their moral and religious influence. the Turks. The town of Samokov was the rallying-point of 35,000 re- The Call of Corsica and the Call of servists, 300 of whom were quartered in the Mission School, while Galilee over 1,000 were fed twice a day for a week on the playground. Thou- "The call of God to His Church sands of Christian tracts and Scrip- to-day is strikingly heard in the imtures were distributed among these perialmessage which He has enmen, and special services were held trusted to her care," said the Rev. for them every evening m the William 1. Chamberlain, D.D., Secrechurch. tary of the Reformed Church Board of Foreign Missions. In the terrible When the breadwinners had gone outburst of hatred and war which is to the front, missionaries united with devastating so large a part of the the local authorities in caring for the world it would seem to some that wives and children. . A special fund Corsica-the world of material force provided for the distribution of over -has conquered Ga1i1ee~the world twenty tons of flour a month for of spiritual force. But after the blaze three months, and various kinds of of glory from Corsica came the colemployment were organized and fi- lapse and death at St. Helena, while nanced for the destitute. This relief after the humiliation of the Son of work brought the missionaries into Man, the Crucifixion of the Galilean, close touch with Bulgaria's noble and came the resurrection and the sublarge-hearted Queen, Eleanora, who sequent development of the Kingdom devotes most of her time to works of the Son of God on earth. Love of philanthropy and mercy. She be- ultimately triumphs over hate and stowed her own Red Cross medal spiritual over physical forces. Pure upon a number of missionaries as a religion will save this world from souvenir of their work during the such outbursts of wrong as now war. exist. From the storm there stand forth at least two great truths as In spite of dejection caused by the abiding pillars: The supremacy of unfair treatment of Bulgaria in the spiritual forces and the sovereignty second Balkan war, and the unre~t of God. The revelation which God caused by the present conflict, the has made of Himself as the great past year in Bulgaria has been un- "I am," indicates His supremacy, .His usually encouraging in many ways.

personality, His unity and His eter- Great is the necessity to emphasize nity. But the eternal God is not the oneness of God and of Christ.

known in His fulness except through "The Lord thy God is one God."

His son Jesus Christ. "In the begin- The manifestation of God in Christ ning God," is only understood in the and through Christ is "the same yes- light of "In the beginning was the terday, to-day and forever." He is Word, and the Word was with God, the Son of Man, and the unity of His and the Word was God." Jesus Christ person, of His office and of His re- is the world's great Teacher because velation is more and more recognized He laid bare the facts of forgiveness and accepted.

and spiritual life. From His lips hu- The Kingdom of God is the same manity has learned its greatest truth, to-day as that interpreted by the seers that God is, and that God is Love. The and the prophets throughout all the call of God to His Church is that she ages. It is the vision of Abraham shall carry out the commands of the and Isaac, and of Isaiah and of Joel Sage of Galilee, and to give to all and of Jesus. It is the vision of men the message that will heal all Lull and Livingstone. Lull said, their woes and diseases. "The most general vice is in not Tbe Call of tbe Times doing what might be done, not living up to one's opportunities." The op- "The supreme ambition of Jesus portunity of the Kingdom has come Christ is to have the Kingdom of to the Church more than once, but God extended over the whole earth," the Church has not been obedient to said Colonel E. ]. Halford. The the heavenly vision. Again it is the purposes of God have no other "fulness of time," and the oppormeaning; history no other lesson; tunity is once more thrust upon the humanity no other destiny. The one Church. "Human crimes are many, increasing purpose is the Kingdom of but the crime of being dead to God's God. The signs of the times which voice, blind when the divine handmake the supreme call upon the writing is on the wall-certainly there Church were never more certain, more inspiring, more challenging or is no crime which the supreme more portentous. powers do more terribly avenge."

"NOT ONE CENT"

A pastor who endeavored to develop systematic giving to both home and foreign missions was astonished to have several men return the lists of objects with this comment opposite the item of foreign missions: "Not on~ cent." Do such persons realize the significance of their words?

Not one cent for giving the Bible to any other nation. Not one cent for revealing a God of love except to Americans. Not one cent for making Christ known as a Savior of all men. Not one cent for teaching the world the morals of Christ and the Will of God. Not one cent for healing the sick or relieving the distrest beyond the borders of our own land. Not one cent for fulfilling the very purpose of Christ in his life and death. Not one cent for obeying the last command of Christ Jesus our Lord.

Study at

BY MISS FRANCES J. DYER T a great convention copies of the first book have already been sold. This means that during i iAi of advertising men the coming months thousands of . held recently in Chi- women, in churches all over the cago, the president of land, will focus their attention upon the United States the problems discust therein. Sup- Chamber of Com- plementary classes in methods were mer.ce spoke of the wonderful results held, the largest in Sage Chapel, conaccruing from the concentration of millions of minds at one time upon ducted by Mrs. S. J. Herben, on one idea. This is precisely the Christian principle of united prayer and "Sources of Power." Among them one which underlies the work at the she included loneliness, drudgery and summer schools in Northfield. poverty, and spoke of the forgotten powers which lie in the use of time, During July nearly a thousand thoughts, conversation, correspondwomen gathered there from points as ence and friendship. These talks far apart as Nova Scotia and South will be printed in book form in Carolina to study the needs in for- response to requests. eign lands, and were followed by another group of over four hundred A splendid union enterprise on the to consider heathen elements, like foreign field is a proposed medical race prejudice and Mormonism, in school at Vellore for the women of our own country. This· is indicative South India, to be affiliated with the of a growing sense of world con- new Union Woman's College in sciousness, accentuated since the out- Madras. Dr. Ida Scudder, one of break of the war, and is the first the most striking personalities at the step toward world evangelization. Conference, is now in this country Fully one-third of the delegates were trying to secure the needed $300,000. girls between the ages of seventeen StilI another union effort is the esand twenty-seven, thus showing the tablishment of a college for Chinese fallacy of the old notion that only girls soon to be opened in Nanking. grandmothers and elderly spinsters The story of this was eloquently are interested in missions. told by Mrs. Frederic Mead of Plainfield, New Jersey, whose daugh- An outstanding feature was the ter is a member of the faculty. study of two new text-books, "The These are samples of the big tasks King's Highway," by Mrs. Helen recently undertaken by women of Barrett Montgomery, and "Home different communions for the uplift Missions in Action," by Edith H. of their less privileged sisters in the Allen, each author serving as teacher Orient. of her own book. The classes numbered eight or nine hundred, but the China loomed largest on the proreally significant fact is that 200,000 gram, and the most impressive ad- dress was by Miss Laura White,

principal of the first college for terms of service ranged from three women in the empire. She said years to over half a century, and that China is now at the turning of aggregated a total of 516 years. the roads which lead to agnosticism Mrs. E. E. Claverley, M.D., drest in or Christianity. The lack of ade- the costume of an Arabian princess, quate educational equipment hinders told of her medical work in the the progress of the latter. Fifty primitive town of Kuweit, on the dollars would probably buy every Persian Gulf.* Of compelling in- Christian book there exclusive of terest was an address by a charming text-books. A Chinese official edu- young Chinese girl who is studying cated in a western university visited medicine here. Her English name is her college and asked to see her Phoebe Stone, and she is a sister of scientific apparatus. All she could the famous Dr. Mary Stone, head of show was $35 worth of material for a woman's hospital in Kiukiang. instruction in chemistry, physics and biology. The gymnasium outfit con- The able leadership of women like sisted of swings, seesaws and cro- Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, the singing quet! Miss White has been twenty- by a large chorus of girls under the four years in China and is return- magnetic guidance of Miss Elsie S. ing to Shanghai, where she will de- Hand, the impressive services at twivote herself to preparing suitable light on Round Top, the spiritual literature for women and children. suggestiveness of the outdoor festival She will be assisted by native Chi- called "The Spirit of Northfield," nese girls who already aid her in and the inspiring Bible lessons editing the first woman's magazine taught each morning by Prof. ever published there. Charles R. Erdman, of Princeton Seminary, were other features which The other countries represented by lifted the Conferences this year to the thirty-eight missionaries present an unusually high level of power. were Japan, Africa, Egypt, Arabia, Turkey, India, and Mexico. Their * To be published in our October number.

SOME STRIKING FIGURES In the United States there is one ordained minister for every 600 persons. In the whole non-Christian world there is only one Protestant missionary (men and women) for every 300,000 people.

Last year, an avera,g-e of 400 per day were brought by Protestant missions into Christianity out of hellthenism. American Protestant missions report 120,000 baptized last year, or 25 for each ordained minister, native and foreign. In America the average increase was 8,000 a week or 1 for every 20 ministers.

It has been estimated that one missionary, with the native force which he can train, can evangelize 25,000 within a generation. There are 27,000 such districts of 25,000 people each, which need missionaries.

To put one worker in each district of 25,000 of the 600 millions (America's share in world-evangelization) only one out of 800 church-members is needed.

In the Civil War Georgia sent into the army lout of 5.5 of the white population; South Carolina, 1 in 4.8; Florida, 1 in 4.3; Louisiana, 1 in 3.7; and North Carolina sent out 10,000 more than the total number of voters.

In Transition*

BY MISS FLORENCE WELLS N some future day his- boys at least, are taught English. I mI torians will point to the dare say you may search long to find a . present age as the Re- village without its English-understand- ing citizen. naissance of Japan. Herein lies a warning. The youth of " Changes subtle and Japan are reading our literature, our _ changes blatant are gradually or rapidly, as the case may be, classics; they are in the way to get a taking place within her borders. The fair understanding of our ways and our surface of the country, the speech, the ideals, to appreciate the historic back- food, the manners, the customs, the ground of our people and the religious dress, the architecture, all show tran- atmosphere which has kept our nation sition. As the youth passes into man- alive and strong. Unque5tionably, if hood, so the Sunrise Kingdom is passing trouble arises between their country and into noonday. ours, we can not say that they do not The great roads still run through the understand us.

country like arteries through the body; It is not from books alone, however, but now the ox-cart and the pedestrian that Japan is receiving impetus. Until :lre learning to keep to one side lest this year there has been a steady in- they be run down by the motorcycle crease in the number of tourists from and the automobile. Where once the Europe and America. These people mountain-pass wound unchallenged little realize how certainly they leave throllgh the valley and over the shoulder their impress on the Japanese with of the mountain, now the hissing train whom they come in contact. Then sweeps along, high above the mountain what shall we say of foreigners residing torrent, and dashes into the bowels of in Japan ?-from America and from the earth, emerging in triumph to swing every nation in Europe, young men and across a glen on a bridge of stone or women in business, families, and mis- steel. In rapidly growing cities like sionaries and teachers. The right kind Yokohama, or Tokyo, the hills are being of person in Japan is an infinite bless- levelled and the rice-fields are yielding ing, while the wrong kind is an incal- to the encroachment of houses and fac- culable injury to the nation, especially at tories. One can not but recall the old this formative time. A tourist one day psalm, "Every valley shall be exalted went into the embroidery shop of a and every hill shall be brought low." Christian, and having bought and paid While even the temporary resident in for something, asked that the bill be Japan will notice these physical changes, -ritten down at much lower figures so he will likewise be imprest by the great that she, showing it at the customs in number of people who will speak Eng- San Francisco, might have less duty to lish to him. Japan is a land of com- pay. She was astonished when the pulsory education, and all children must shopkeeper replied, "Madam, I can not reeeive instruction for six years. It is do it, for we are trying to teach our surprizing how many go on into the children that 'honesty IS the best middle school, where for five years, all policy.' "

* From The Missionary Link.

Formerly in the banks only Chinese largely through the soldiers. Even the were employed, and rumor had it that Imperial Court has adopted the full the reason was the dishonesty of the European costume, for both its ladies Japanese; but that can not be, for now and its gentlemen to wear on state occathat Japan has learned European bank- sions. ing methods, one sees as many Japanese as Chinese employed in foreign banks. The changes in dress effect changes in the architecture. A man in trousers Foreign cooking has become popular can neither comfortably nor" economicamong the men, and it adds to a young ally sit on the floor; so, sitting on a woman's matrimonial chances if she is chair, he must needs have a high table able to prepare American food. The to match; then rather than. spoil his soft Japanese man on the dining-car wiII al- matted floor, he builds his next house most invariably choose beefsteak and with one or more foreign rooms. Now potatoes in preference to fish and rice. that transportation is made easy by 'Ve notice, too, that a great many wed- steam, a great variety of building mateding feasts are held at the foreign rials may be had. With the exception restaurants; and we are to~d that it is of schools, nearly all of the government less expensive than to provide a first- buildings are of stone or brick, -and class Japanese feast. Often in private furnished in European style. homes and even in country hotels you wiII be served with one course of French Because of these changes which are or American dishes. Ice-cream is gain- stirring the pulse of Japan, and because :ng popularity, but it has a native rival of the remarkably short time in which in scraped-ice covered with syrup (lr these changes and many more have taken fruit juice. Chewing gum can not seem place in government circles, other nato make headway among the Japanese, tions expect of her exactly as much as nor chewing tobacco; but beer and ci;;- they expect of each other, and forget arets are not only imported but also that she was born into the family of extensively produced. nations but little more than fifty years ago. Fifty years is but a short time in The popularity of the foreign dre~s, the life of a nation; and while Japan also, is astonishing. One sees it in all has the appearance of maturity, she is stages, one or more garments being J ap- nevertheless a youth with undeveloped anese. It is amusing to see a man possibilities, but full of hope and energy, wearing a full dress native costume and with her life before her. If she seems a black silk hat. The English suit is sometimes to make mistakes-no doubt largely used by teachers and by men in her sister countries did the same when business, and middle school students they were young. And, never fear, she wear military suits. The.girls in schools will not make the same blunder twice. and offices follow prevailing styles of She is reaching out for something from hair arrangement, but as a rule follow each land, and if each gives her its a year or so behind time. Shoes have best, what may not the world expect of found their way into all parts of Japan, Japan in the ages to come!

A JAPANESE CALL TO JAPAN In no country in the world is there given a freer hand for the propagation of any religion. In a country like J ap~n, where the state and people are governed hv a spirit of nationalism, the principles of Christianity are most suited. It is to be hoped that missionaries will redouble their zeal in promoting the welfare and happiness of the Japanese.-Editorial in Japanese daily paper.

In Korean Homes *

BY MATTIE WILCOX NOBLE, SEOUL, KOREA ~~~~~ IRST of all Christ has original birthday clothes; but now, they elevated worn e n III are brought well drest, and sometimes Korea. gorgeously arrayed. When a baby girl A recognized helpful- is born, instead of condolences being ness of true womanhood offered to the parents, friends now say is asserting itself in the that they have received a gift from God; or, a new girl student for the home and among the girls. Formerly, School or Sunday-school has come to no right of leadership or refined co- the home. One of the most beautiful partnership was ever vouchsafed her. sights I have ever seen, it being also a Now, she often goes side by side with symbol of advancement, was at the first her husband to church, and is even per- Parents' Day Services in Korea for the mitted to. eat with him. Women of the Cradle-Roll babies. There were some well-to-do classes no longer are obliged 200 babies with their mothers present, to hide themselves in the women's quar- and at one side sat some fathers, a few ters; neither do the young women of of them proudly holding their baby girls. any class, when they go walking, have to throw a long coat over their heads, The Bible has given an impetus to drawing the front together under the learning and brought an education witheyes, nor to carry a large hat, between in reach of many. Formerly, only woeight or nine feet in circumference, over men and girls of the dancing-girl class their heads to conceal their features. were allowed to learn or read. Now, all The coats, veils, and the enormous hats doubt as to the respectability of one's are fast disappearing and women are wife or daughter learning to read, has beginning to feel the sunshine in the passed. I ha~e known old ladies nearly open air. True, it is a transition period, seventy years of age to sit down and, but light and freedom are coming to little by little, learn to read. One of the women through the Gospel. finest Bible women in Korea learned to read after she was thirty years old and Protection has come to childhood with she is now a scholar in Bible literature, the education of the individual and the as well as a woman of deep spiritual inelevation of the home life. Now, special sight. care is taken of the health and the moral development of the child. Modesty, for The Bible has given a touch of social the child's sake, is studied by the parent. life to the men and women. Before the Flagrant immodesties are still to be Bible came there were no halls or buildseen, but could newcomers to Korea ings where men and women gathered to lift the veil of several years ago the listen to sermons, lectures, music, or to great contrast between then and now witness any entertainment; but after would be clearly recognized. the Gospel was preached, both sexes met in the same room to hear and see all of The religion of the Bible has made a the above. Of course they sit on oppoplace for the little ones. At first, when site sides of the room and, in most only small portions of the Scripture had cases, with a partition between. At a heen printed, babies were brought to the social held in our home at the,close of altar for haptism, quite slippery in their • From The Korea Mission Field.·

a Women's Bible Institute, many games sang, and their songs were usually of were enjoyed by the old and young wine and dancing, but now songs of women; one would search very far to rejoicing sung by both sexes are heard find a more joyous company. Play was wherever the Gospel is preached. new to them all; they laughed till the tears rolled down their cheeks. In Christian communities, the teach- ing that "they twain shal1 be one flesh" The Bible liberates slaves. Many a is adhered to; likewise in Christian wealthy Korean who owned slaves be- home the misery and distress accruing fore he heard the Bible story, has liber- from the concubinage system is past and ated those slaves and brought them, with gone. himself, to the mercy seat. Cleanliness, beauty, and contentment It has taken from the husband the are brought to the Christian homes. I power of torturing and deforming the recently met an old lady and her daughbody of his wife. In a fit of jealousy ter whom I had taught eighteen years over a real or fancied cause, a husband ago. The old lady was deaf and leaned can not now cut off his wife's nose. The on her staff as she gave me a wholesentiment of respect for women has souled greeting. In recounting the grown so much in Christian neighbor- events of the early days, the daughter hoods, that a man can not even beat his said that her mother had always carried wife without incurring censure. The out, to a marked degree, my teachings old, lawless right of any man to forcibly on cleanliness, and that al1 these years seize a widow, and carry her away to she had been a living example of the his home, is fast passing away. beauty of cleanliness, and had taught the lessons to scores of young and old The Bible raises the marriageable age. people. Formerly, water was little used Several years ago, the Church refused by the sick and the aged. to perform the wedding ceremony for a boy under eighteen years of age and But, greatest of all, the Bible brings to a girl under sixteen. N ow, one rarely the homes of the people Jesus, the Sasees a little boy riding on a white horse vior, who gives salvation, peace, joy and to his wedding, or a weeping little girl hope to the Koreans who were crusht being forced from her parents home to under the bondage of heathenism, and the home of her husband. Even at a over whom the gloom of the centuries heathen wedding the bride's eyes are had settled: now, on those who have rarely glued tight shut, in these days. received Him rests the light of the Divine life. Formerly, only dancing girls and men FACTS CONCERNING KOREA'S PROGRESS Korea has emerged from the secluded region of the genii, where the fairies congregate, where the elixir of life grows, where sages and immortals meet and talk together, into the limelight of the rushing, hungry world, with the Manchu express going by, and motor-cars and automobiles rushing about here and there through the ancient streets and market-ways. . . .

In religion, too, she has met a new and startling outlook, tho not a wholly unfamiliar one. Far wider than the few baptized or numbered on the church rolls (the total rol1 of full communicants in Protestant churches is 68,195, while probationers and other adherents regularly attending services increases the grand total to 179,167 members of the Protestant community) has the word of this news gone forth; namely, that God has Himself spoken to men tenderly, and kindly offered them peace.-JAMES S. GALE.

DEI>ADTMENT ~

"~~-……~…….."'" OF BEST METHODS CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK MISSIONARY METHODS FOR SUNDAY-SCHOOL WORKERS CLEAR-CUT, definite sibilities," ~ays Miss Hull. "She simply missionary policy, a fitted up the room with articles pur- committee to make it chased, borrowed or made that would effective, and the equip- give any idea of the need of missions ment with which to in lands beyond the sea. One side of work, are the three fac- the room is given to the far North.

tors in making missions vital in any Here are maps, flags, pictures, and a Sunday-schoo1.-GEORGE H. TRULL. small case of curios, together with a Eq,uipping a Missionary Room few books about the Esquimos, Alaska, Lapland, and other northern places.

Nothing helps the cause of missions "One side is devoted to India, with in the Sunday-school so much as a room pictures of its scenery, models of its fitted up for the study of the subject. heathen temples, dolls drest like the rf there is no place in the school that natives, bits of handwork, embroidery, can be devoted exclusively to this pur- and weaving, and pictures of mission- pose, some teacher interested in mis- schools and workers. Here are more sions would probably be willing to have books, all about India.

her class-room equipped in this way "Another side of the room, almost to a~d used out of hours. the corner, is given to Africa. The Such a room should be at once a things here have been made, many of 'museum, a library and a reading-room. them, by the boys of the Intermediate It should contain a collection of curios Department. One corner is given (0 from missionary countries, a case of China, the other to Japan, and the bit well-selected missionary books and leaf- of intervening space to Armenia.

lets, copies of denominational and inter- "This room is used for 'Missionary denominational mIssIOnary magazines Day,' each departmerlt coming, class by (current issues and files of back num- class, some time during the day, to look bers), and a supply 6f maps, charts and over the curios from the countries they pictures. Some schools already have are studying. It is also used by the such rooms. missionary societies of the church; by In The Sunday-School Executive, returned missionaries who ask those in- Miss Esther Hull tens of a much-used terested in missions to come here and missionary room which was planned and listen to their explanations of manners arranged by Mrs. Bigsbee, the mission- and customs; and the classes who have ary-superintendent of her Sunday-school. missionary exercises to prepare use it During the lesson hour the room is the as a study room.

home of the "Outlook Class," the mem- "The presiding' officer of the 'Out- bers of which are largely responsible for looks,' or one of her assistants, is always the care of it. on hand during 'reading hours' to an- "Mrs. Bigsbee did not attempt impos- swer questions or assist children in find-

ing the help they need. The 'Outlooks' picture it was and all they had heard also buy the books, which are loanedoy about the missionary. Most of them Mrs. Bigsbee, who is arranging for had forgotten all about it, but a little reading-circles in all the departments judicious questioning brought most of above the Primary." it back again, and a lasting impression was finally. made on their minds.

"Whatever you want to put into Who Is He? the school must be put into the The Arlington Avenue Presbyterian teachers first." – A Public-School Sunday-school, East Orange, New Superintendent. Jersey, makes great use of pictures. "Gradually a series of the pictures of "A Sunday-school worker who is great missionaries have appeared on not a missionary worker is out of place."-B. F. JACOBS. the walls," says Miss J. Gertrude "A model superintendent will in- Hutton, Director of Religious Educa- terest his whole school in missions tion in the school, "sometimes very and bring the whole world into his quietly, sometimes formally presented schooI-room."-BIsHOP VINCENT. and unveiled with ceremonies planned and carried out by some of the classes. Pictures in the Sunday-school Now and then a missionary's picture ap- Portraits of great missionary-heroes, pears on the bulletin-board with the both home and foreign, should have a question, 'Who is he?' Almost invariplace on the walls of every Sunday- ably within a few days the name is added school. In the old days it was almost in a childish hand. Then, the next Sunimpossible to get them in suitable size, day, follows the question, 'What did he but now they can be obtained-fifty dif- do?' with like results." ferent ones representing the most prominent fields at home and abroad-at sma:l In order to enable the children to discost from the Missionary Education cover for themselves the identity of the Movement. missionary and some of his notable Hung in the Sunday-school room, and achievements, there was placed in the used in a wise and helpful manner, such missionary reference-room of the school, pictures are a constant inspiration. They which is well equipped with all kinds of are invaluable in teaching missionary missionary literature, a copy of the lessons and as a text for platform talks. game, "Who's Who in Missions." By When purchased they should not be looking through the fifty cards, each of simply hung up, but should be formally which bears the picture of a great mispresented-unveiled, perhaps, with ap- sionary and some of the leading facts propriate ceremonies. of his life, the children could easily find In a Methodist Sunday-school in the the information desired. vicinity of New York City, this plan was used. A class of girls collecte,i Building an Exercise Around a Picture money, and bought a framed portrait of At Silver Bay, two years ago, one of Mary Porter Gamewell to present to the school. On the Sunday when the pre- the delegates told of the following plan sentation took place, the class told the that had been used with great success story of Mrs. Gamewell's life and work. in his Sunday-school. and then one of the girls came forward with the picture, which was appropri- One Sunday morning when the chilately received by the superintendent of dren arrived they found hanging above the school. The next Sunday attention the platform a large picture of a comwas called to it hanging on the wall, and pany of immigrants landing at Ellis Isthe children were asked to tell whose land. The title of the picture had been cut off, and nothing whatever was said

· DEPARTMENT OF BEST

about it while the school was in session. rather than to sit still and do nothing,"

This aroused great curiosity and after were given to a boy of thirteen with Sunday-school the children gathered the three questions cited above. 1He around the picture wondering what it faithfully read, "My Life and Times"

could be. from beginning to end, and then told The next Sunday the title was stili the story clearly and well.

missing, but this motto appeared beneath A Plea for Maps in the Sunday-School"

I SAVE AMERICA FOR THE WORLD'S SAKE. It would greatly help the cause of mis- sions if maps of the world were on the This whetted their curiosity stilI more, walls of the churches and the Sundaybut no reference whatever was made school rooms. In very many schools the either to the motto or the picture. But map of Palestine and maps of Paul's on the third Sunday, when a brief but journeys are found, but a map of the telling exercise on "Immigration" was whole world is rarely seen. It is well given in the school, it was found that to know what God did in Palestine and both motto and picture had played an in Asia Minor and in other portions of important preliminary part in the way the ancient world, but He is operating of stimulating inquiry and securing at- on a much larger theater to-day and tention. doing much larger things, and His chil- dren should be interested in knowing A Program Built Around a Motto where He is at work and what He is Missionary mottoes should also have doing. Missionary maps will help them a place on the walls of every Sunday- to know.

school room. At Silver Bay, the Rev. One Christian leader said: "I love to .of George F. Sutherland, Educational Sec- stand before a map the world, and, retary of the Methodist Board of For- pointing the audience to it, say, 'There eign Missions, told how they have been are the regions and continents and is- used in his school. lands of the fallen world. Our Re- One Sunday a large placard, with deemer is their rightful possessor if Livingstone's famous declaration in the present ruler is the prince of dark- regard to earthly possessions was hung ness. We are wresting them from Satan by our missionary triumphs.''' One can I will place no value on anything I speak and pray more intelligently about have or may possess except in relation missions after a study of the fields in to the kingdom of Christ. which the missionaries are at work.

before the school with a list of ques- When one member of the family tions as follows: migrates to some section of the West or South, or goes as an ambassador, consul 1. Who said it? or business agent to Africa or Asia or 2. Under what circumstances? Polynesia or Australasia, it is not long 3. How did he live it out? before an atlas is secured and his place The next Sunday volunteer answers found and marked. A new and vital to these questions were called for and interest in that part of the world is dethey were given and discust very veloped. Why should not the same be helpfully. true when missionaries leave home? Another plan was to give an indi- Why not trace their movements until vidual scholar a motto with a list of they reach their destination, and then questions and have him report on it to learn what we can about the land in· the school. Thus Cyrus Hamlin's words, "Let me fail in trying to do something *Reprinted from The lJ,fis.:;ionary Intelligence,..

which they represent us? There are subject between a Congregational superyoung men and women in every church intendent and a secretary of the Ameriwho could draw maps. They will do can Board, the usual argument was adthis gladly if they are asked. vanced that the hour was already over- crowded and that five minutes could not Lord Salisbury advised people to study be found to devote to the subject of mislarge maps. By doing so they could sions. But the next Sunday when the understand and know what was going secretary visited this superintendent's on in the world. Over against the school he noted that altho the majority names of some of his generals, N apo- of the children were present when the leon wrote, "Well acquainted with hour struck, the session began exactly maps." That was a strong recommend- eight minutes late! Five of these ation. Robert Murray McCheyne re- wasted minutes devoted to missions solved to read missionary books with would not only help the cause but do a map before him. The Moderator of much for the efficiency of the school. the Church of Scotland spoke of a little "If our schools could only realize atlas that he carried as his prayer book. their opportunity," says Mr. Hugh Cork It helped him to locate the missionaries "five minutes would not be begrudged, of the church, and that helped him to and the result would be many more boys pray for them and for the coming of and girls offering themselves for Christhe kingdom in all its power and glory. tian work as a life occupation."

AIM A Primary Mission Band A MISSIONARY IMPRESSION EVERY The entire Primary Department of SUNDAY* the Sunday-school of the First Presby- terian Church, Statesville, North During Opening or Closing Exercises Carolina, is organized into what may 1. Missionary Bible Readings. well be called a Primary Mission Band. 2. Definite Prayer for Missions. All the children, from the tots in the 3. Hymns of Declaration and Con- beginners' classes up to the graduates, are greatly interested in both home and quest. foreign missions. They support two 4. Bible Drills. native evangelists in the Kongo Mission 5. Introduction of Missionaries. of the Southern Presbyterian Church, 6. Recognition of Student Volun- and during the summer paid the ex- penses of two teachers in the North teers. Carolina mountains. 7. Missionary Lantern Slides. 8. Missionary Mottoes and Portraits. How do these little folks accomplish 9. Brief Reference to Current Mis- so much? The answer is given by Miss Mary R. Adams in The Missionary sionary Events. Survey as follows: 10. Short missionary stories. I!. Sentences from missionary let- "Each teacher makes a house-to-house visitation of her class, explaining to ters. parents the missionary work, asking 12. Special missionary programs. their cooperation and leaving with each child a mite-box. One teacher made the One Way to Find Time boxes for her class very attractive by pasting a picture of a group of moun- The plan of devoting five minutes to tain children on one side, and a group missions every Sunday is being used in from Luebo, Africa, on the other, thus a large number of schools, but many a superintendent objects to it on the score of no time. But "where there's a will there's a way."

Last winter in a conference on the , * Adapted from a leaflet issued by the Missionary Department of the Illinois State Sunday·School As- socIation, Mr. J. D. Templeton, Bloomington, 111., Superintendent.

OF BEST

depicting their special work in Home them, that 'it is more blessed to give and Foreign Missions. than to receive.' Last Christmas they had a tree for the children of Barium "At the close of the year they have Springs Orphans' Home, six miles their annual graduating exercises and away. Each little girl brought a drest mite-box opening, which has grown in doll, and each little boy a toy, whicil, importance from year to year, until it with bags of candy and fruit, made an has become an interesting occasion to attractive tree. Many small faces the congregation at large. An enter- beamed with joy as they saw dolls and taining missionary program of songs, toys given to their small visitors, but recitations and stories is given entirely not one showed disappointment at not by the children. Singing a missionai·y being the recipient of a gift. . song, they march into the auditorium carrying their mite-boxes in their hands. "If any success is claimed, and you should ask anyone of the eight teach- "One year two of the older boys in ers wherein it lies, the answer would the Sunday-school who are very in- be, 'Our inner prayer circle.''' genious made a small boat, The Lapsley. This was placed on a "There is enormous latent power in table and two small boys drest as the 974,777 members of our Presby- sailors stood ready to load the boat terian Sunday-schools. An average of as the children filed by leaving one cent a month would yield $116,973.- their boxes. Another year a barrel was 24 a year."-ROBERT E. SPEER. covered with white crepe paper with hoops made of black. On the center in Organizing the Sunday-schoob of a large black letters was the word, Presbytery 'Africa.' The African Mission flag, blue with a yellow star in the center, The Presbytery of Cincinnati is ~o floated from the open top, and two boys thoroughly alive to the importance of stood by and lowered the barrel from interesting children in missions that the table as the children marched by, systematic efforts have been made to dropping in their mite-boxes. The organize along missionary lines all Sun- barrel, a large nail keg, was filled to day-schools included in its territory. overflowing. Each year the exercises The very effective method used is out- are varied. lined in The Home Missioft Monihly as follows: "There is never a Sunday when mis- sions are not brought to the minds 1)£ "Each Sabbath-school class is an or- the children in some way, but the first ganized mission band with a chairman Sunday of each month is distinctively and secretary to keep its members in- Missionary Sunday. All lessons are formed as to the work to be done anc! dispensed with. Some of the children to keep an account of the meetings have learned to know, when they see held and the money given. In order to the teacher who is to talk to them, avoid the complications arising from what country they will visit that day. too many organizations reporting to the A sea of eager, upturned faces greets Presbyterial Society, these bands are het as she talks to the little ones about grouped according to their ages, four the children in heathen lands, the chil- or five classes in a group which bears dren in the mountains, the immigrant some such name as 'Willing Workers,' children, the Indian children, or the or 'Missionary Helpers.' This gives negro children. the church only about six bands to report. "Each Christmas these children give "The officers and teachers of the Sab- an illustration of the lesson imprest on

bath-school constitute the executive young people of the churches are orily committee and have their chairman, waiting to be led into a larger knowl- secretary, and treasurer. This execu- edge and a greater usefulness in this tive committee prepares the missionary important work."

instruction which is given in five-minute What a Junior Teacher Did talks-one each Sunday morning-by a teacher, an older pupil who has been "Can you suggest," asked a reader of prepared by a teacher, or by some visit- The Christian Herald, "an interesting ing missionary. missionary service for Junior scholars?"

The answer as given by Mr. Frank L. Brown, General Secretary of the World's Sunday-school Association in The Herald's "Sunday-School Workers'

Round Table" is as follows : "One of the most interesting mission- ary exercises I know of was the result of the work of a Junior teacher, a seven- teen-year-old girl. She was intrusted with a class of live-wire, ten-year-old Junior boys, as her first assignment.

She had tact enough to know that the interest of perpetual-motion digits of that age could never be secured simply by Sunday teaching. So every Friday afternoon she invited the boys to her home after school hours.

"Then she procured a well-illustrated story of the life of John G. Paton, mis- sionary to the New Hebrides. This thrilling story of hairbreadth escapes from threatening natives was read by the boys in turn to the others, a chapter a week. The other boys listened. Then MR. J . D. TEM PLETON 'S POLICY FOR ILLINOIS the teacher would ask one of them, with- out previous notice, to rehearse the story SUNDAY-SCHOOLS of that chapter, and it was done always "Mite boxes are supplied and once with a fidelity to the facts that showed every quarter an evening meeting is held how intently the reading was listened when a missionary program is given. to. This reading was followed each This consists of a missionary play given week by games or something good to by some teacher and her band, a stereop- eat, for at that age the stomach seems ticon missionary lecture, or a talk by a direct road to a boy's heart.

an enthusiastic missionary. .The mite "Week by week the boys were ab- boxes are opened, the money is reported sorbing not simply the vivid details of from each band, and light refreshments the story, but something of the heroic, are served. faith-filled life of John G. Paton, and "The results of this method have been ge/iting their impulses for mIssIOnary shown in a great increase in the in- giving, and it may be, for missionary terest in missions and in larger gifts living, later on.

than ever before. The children and "After the book had been completed.

OF BEST METHODS

a map of the ~ew Hebrides was drawn. was drawn aside, the children rose and Then the class was asked to conduct a sang: missionary exercise in the Junior De- "Where He leads me, I will follow . . . partment. The boys occupied an hon- I'll go with Him, with Him, all the way."

ored seat on the platform and one of In a somewhat similar manner the them explained the map. Then several Sunday-school of Emmanuel Baptist of them told the story of John G. Paton . Church, Schenectady, New York, took and his wonderful work to a gaping up the study of the life of Judson during crowd of juniors. Neither the boys, the the Judson Centennial last year. During teachers, nor the department will soon the quarter a large framed 'picture of forget that day. Judson was hung in the Sunday-school room, Judson stories were told, Judson "There are scores of thrilling stories mottoes learned, and Judson medals of Uganda, Korea, China, and India sold. that could be read by junior and intermediate boys and girls in the same way, Half-Told Tales and would make an equally interesting One of the best methods of awakenprogram for any missionary organiza- ing interest in a special missionary book L lon ." in the Sunday-school library is the teil- Thirteen Weeb with a Missionary ing, from the platform, of a "Half-told Studying the life and work of some Tale" from its pages. To do this select great missionary during the Sundays of an entire quarter has proved an excel- . a thrilling story and stop at the most exciting point where everybody is eager lent plan in schools that have tried it. to know what happens next. Then give It need not take much time-it would be quite sufficient on one Sunday to sing the name of the, book in which the rest the missionary's favorite hymn; on an- of the story may be found and state other to read some passage from the that it is in the library and that who- Bible ~onnected with his life; on a third ever applies for it first may have it. to tell a story or give some incident of This is a plan that has been tried with. his career; on a fourth to memorize one great success in the Bible School of Bedford Presbyterian Church, Brookof his famous sayings; and so on. lyn, New York, and is also recommended in Trull's "Five Missionary Minutes." In The Sunday-School Times Miss The following stories will be found Florence Norton tells how this plan suitable for this purpose: worked out in the Junior Department of a Philadelphia Sunday-school, at the "When the Jugglers Came to Nalgiri," time of the Livingstone Centennial. in Other People's Children. (The Luther- an Publication Society.) Every. Sunday for weeks the .children "The Spotted Tiger Foiled" and "The had been studying about the great mis- Angry Mob and the Story of the Cross," in The Cobra's Den. (Revell. $1.00.) sionary explorer and on a Sunday in "An Encounter with a Ten-foot Ser- March near the one hundredth anni- pent," in In the Tiger Jungle. (ReveIl, $1.00.) versary of his birth, they had a special "Captured by Cannibals," in The Trans- celebration. The program consisted formation of Hawaii. (Revell, $1.00.) largely of stories of his life told by the "A Dangerous Encounter," in Bishop children themselves. At the close of Hannington, by Berry, pp. 90-93. (Revell, the last story which told of his death $1".oAo·)Perl'1. ous E xped"ItIon,".111 S 00 Thah. (Revell, $1.00.) on his knees in the little African hut "Facing an Angry Elephant," "Two and of his burial in Westminster Abbey, Against One," and "An Uninvited Guest,"

a large portrait of him was unveiled. A in Adventures with Four-Footed Folk. (Revell, $1.00.) .. fI~g had been draped over it and as this "Attacked with Clubs," "A Perilous Pil-

grimage," and "Under Knife and Toma- Methodist Episcopal S·unday-school at hawk," in The Story of John G. Paton. (Armstrong, $1.00.) Canandaigua, New York, for interesting "Challenging Ghosts and Hobgoblins," in his school in missions, is a series of Hamlin's My Life and Times. (Out of print, but to be found in many libraries.) printed slips, each containing ten ques- A Korean Cut-out tions calculated to arouse interest and Cutting out and talking at the same stimulate research. The answer to each time is not an easy thing to do before an audience of children, but it is :ill question is the name of a famous miseffective method of arousing interest and holding attention. It can be done sionary and the slips are passed out at either from the platform or in class. Sunday-school with the request that One summer Sunday when Professor W. C. Taylor of Union Presbyterian they be returned at a given time. One Church, Schenectady, New York,' was asked to take charge of a class of young of the slips used was as follows: girls whose teacher was away, he made use of this method. In Trull's "Mis- WHO? sionary Methods for Sunday-School Workers," he found the statement (page 1. What missionary was put in prison, 128) that in Korea when anyone is ill starved, and hung up by his heels? paper cats are strung in front of the· house to drive away the evil spirits. As 2. What 'missionary went through the the lesson furnished an excellent oppor- dty walls at night with the bullets singtunity for a talk on medical missions he ing about his ears to help make a truce decided to cut out strings of paper cats, between the royalists and revolutionists talking as he cut. in China?

The day was warm and the girls 3. What woman about to be killed by somewhat listless, but when he produced a Chinese mob, tore off the hem of her scissors and paper and began to work gown, and bound up a child's head? they were attention at once. He ·said nothing whatever about what he was 4. What champion bicycle-rider of doing but told the story as tho nothing the world became a foreign missionary? else was going on. Then he unfolded the paper and produced the cats much 5. What mjssionary rode thousands to their amazement. of miles on horseback at the beginning of winter to save a great territory for Missionary Search Questions the United States?

One of the plans devised by Mr. W. 6. What missionary explored a con- G. Lightfoote, superintendent of the tinent, discovered the largest falls in the world, helped break up the slave trade, died on his knees / praying, and was buried in Westminster Abbey?

7. What medical missionary is called the Savior of Liao-Yang? What brave deed did he do?

8. What mISSIOnary kept at bay throughout an entire night a band of hyenas and cheetahs?

9. What missionary has a hospital- ship in the Arctic regions? 10. What woman went in disguise into the mountains of Tibet, risking her life?

Find as many answers as you can and bring this slip to Sunday-school, Feb- ruary 23, 1913.

W. G. LIGHTFOOTE, Superintendent.

Dl' ,LS

THE LATIN-AMERICAN CONGRESS study the needs of Latin America and the spiritual forces that may be more THERE were those who criticized the adequately mobilized for the regenera- omission of Roman Catholic and tion of tne non-Christian people of Greek Catholic countries from the pro- those lands. gram of the Edinburgh Conference. The reasons given for the exclusion were: The missionary who goes to labor in ( 1) the desire to obtain the cooperation Latin America must take the same poof all Protestant Christians, including sition in regard to the religion of the the High Church party of the Church people among whom he labors as that of England, and (2) the fact that non- taken by Jesus Christ and His Apostles Christian lands present problems so when Christianity was first established. peculiar and so large in themselves that As witnesses to the truth they go not they might well be considered alone. to destroy any good, but to reveal the evil by holding up the Light. If their Now that it has been 'decided to hold message of truth, spoken in the spirit of another world conference exclusively love, causes opposition they are not to to consider the needs and problems of blame. The missionary to Latin Amerthe Latin-American countries there are ica, as to any other land, must proclaim Christians who object to the program. the positive truth of the Gospel as re- Some hold that there is no need to vealed in the Bible without fear or evangelize Roman Catholic lands. favor-not as a bigot but as a messenger Others say that they should be regarded of Christ. as pagans. Some dislike to risk an- Everywhere, Christ must be lifted :IP of tagonizing the church Rome, others as the one mediator between God, and 'man, as the only revealed Savior from fear a compromise of the truth. sin and its consequences. In South In February the Board of Missions of America failure is not due to unbelief in the deity of Christ or the necessity for the Protestant Episcopal Church laid on His atonement, but the difficulty is that the table the resolution to accept the in- these truths have been obscured by vitation to participate in the conference. other teachings. The evangelistic mes- They did not wish to antagonize the sage must be put first, tho, educational Roman Catholic church which would not methods may be of great value in dealing be invited to participate. At the May with certain classes of people. Sociomeeting, however, the Board accepted logical and purely intellectual missions the invitation "provided that whatever are apt to obscure the main missionary notice or invitation is sent to any Chris- message and lead men to seek the fruits tian body shall be sent to every commun- of Christianity without the roots. ion having work in Latin America." There is, however, still in the Episcopal Thus far Protestant miSSions in. Church much Ollllosition to any llartici- South America have 'reached chiefly the pation in the Conference. lower classes because these classes have felt most keenly their need of help. The This "Congress on Christian Work in Latin America," as it is now called, is not to create controversy, but to

material prosperity of many South have held that they could not afford to Americans has led them to feel inde- increase their gifts largely to the Lord's pendent of the benefits offered by campaign. The war has demonstfated Christ. The work of the Y. M. C. A. how possible it is to send out a million and Y; W. C. A., is reaching many of men from England, the flower of the the educated classes, but as a rule they land, and even larger numbers frod! Gerare uninterested in the Gospel. It is many and France, Italy and Russia, time that Christian forces united to win tho most of them will never return and Latin America to Christ. There are hun- will soon be out of the fight. It is a dreds of Indian tribes in South America lesson as to what a nation can do when who have as yet heard no evangel. thoroughly aroused. .

This is not a time for Christians in Moreover, men are learning on what a home churches to squabble over non- diminutive scale they have financed the essentials. ~t is a time for prayer and missionary enterprise. Those who . cooperation, that the Gospel of Christ "could not afford" one hundred dollars may be faithfully and artequately present- a year to advance the cause of peace ed to our brothers and sisters of Latin and love and righteousness, have found America. . that the money they were holding has "KNEE MEDICINE" slipped fi-om their grasp. The govern- ments have spent in destructive warfare ACHINESE convert when asked by more in one day than the churches of a missionary what remedy he found Christendom have given in a year to most effective in curing his fellow preach the Gospel of life to those in the countrymen of the opium habit, idolatry, bondage of death. It would take over fear of persecution and other sins, re- one hundred years for one man merely plied laconically: "Knee Medicine." to count out the dollars that have been spent in this one year of destructive Is there any other potent remedy for warfare. doubts and discouragements, failure anrl sin, than that found through earnest, Much has been wriften in recent persevering prayer? That has proved weeks on the value of preparedness, adethe efficacious remedy for openifig qnate defenses and equipment to prevent closed doors, illuminating darkened surprize attacks from an enemy. Is there minds, cleansing impure hearts, enough thought given to the necessity strengthening weak wills, supplying for moral preparedness and equipment needed workers and funds, guiding a against the unexpected attacks of the perplexed and struggling church and devil and his agents? Some of the lands transforming whole committees. "Knee- at war are taking the opportunity to put medicine" is a powerful tonic and down the traffic. in strong drink, and remedy for all spi~itual ailments. America is steadily advancing toward prohibition. But there are other steps THE CHRISTIAN FORCES O NE of the lessons that God seems that must be taken in the fortification to be teaching his people by the 0'£ moral character against defeat. The sorrows and sacrifices of the European Sabbath amusements, and business must war is that Christians, as a rule, have as be cleansed and readjusted to correspond yet made no sacrifices for the advance- to the laws of God. '

ment of the Kingdom of God. Profest The nations at war have been mobil- followers of Christ have held up their izing their men and conserving and rc- hands and declared that it was impos- con~ructing their finances, inventions sible to send out 20,000 more mission- and industries so that they may all be aries from the home churches. They nsed in the cause of national success.

70 r

These are valued assets, but the greatest owned and edited by Japanese, gives the forces in personal and national life are Japanese point of view on this subject: spiritual, not material. The Christian "That the Japanese alone should be and the Church must take stock of denied in China the rig-ht of preaching forces, must mobilize and organize more which is enjoyed by all other nationaliearnestly for the world-wide campaign. ties of the West, is an unfairness which This may be helped by conventions and it is but natural for us to wish removed. conferences, but the secret of power lies . . . In principle, it may be most denot there. Power belongs unto God sirable that we are on equal footing with and only those who are continually in the other Powers in China in the right vital touch with the source of Power can of religious propagandism, and there is prevail. It is time that the Church fairly strong groun'd for demanding the mobilized more definitely for prayer. right as elsewhere discust; but that its Then the spirit of truth, of love, of self- acquisition is a matter of pressing necessacrifice will prevail. A united and sity does not seem conclusive." Christlike Church, depending on spiritual forces, under the leadership of al- The editor comments upon the fact mighty God, will prove an irresistible that the chief effort to have this propaforce in the winning of the world to ganda countenanced come~ not from re- Christ. ligious teachers but from political par- ties, and is evidently for other than re- . THE JAPANESE VIEWPOINT ligious motives. Buddhism, -if it -is "to AMERICAN Christians are often too become a socio-religious force of civiliz- prone to expect that a nation like ing value, requires a most thorough re- Japan, which has only recently emerged form." He feels that the desire of from isolation, and is still largely guided Japanese Buddhists to preach in China by the dim light of Buddhism and Shinto, probably arises from the impression should be guided by the same principles "that Christian missionaries in China and motives as those which are supposed are there, in one way or another, to to govern American policy and practise. secure political and economic advan- Japan has made wonderful progress, tages for their countries." This, he and has some remarkably able statesmen, rightly concludes, would be "the worst but it is not to be wondered at if they are t.hing that could happen to Japan; for not governed by unselfish Christian prin- priests who serve other purposes than ciples in their relations to Korea, China, their spiritual mission can not but be and th~ Occident. They are moved by hypocrites, and hypocrites can never temporal ideals and by principles of ex- render any real good to anybody."

pediency-as most nations are. Still, Bishop Tucker, of Japan, says, in com- they are helping to transform Korean menting on this subject in The Spirit of sanitation, commerce, judicial procedure, Missions: "Whatever one may think of and education. China has been, no Japan's recent demands on China, no doubt, treated with all the consideration Christian missionary can consistently we could expect from a Japanese point oppose that clause which asks for free- of view. dom to send missionaries. We can not In Group V. of the recent demands -deny to the Buddhists what we ask for made by Japan was the right to propa- ourselves, and certainly we can not af- gate the Buddhist religion in China. De- ford to let the impression get abroad cision on this point was postponed, in that we are afraid to compete with them order to enable the parties to reach an in missionary work." While this is true, agreement on other matters. An edi- it is to be devoutly hoped that any re- torial from the Japan Times, a paper ligious propaganda in China will be for

spiritual ends and not for selfish pur- low His lead and to supply the needs of Zenanaed widows in India, the neglected poses. There is enough of the latter in children in China, the sin-enslaved races of Africa, the blinded followers of Mopolitics and commerce. ' hammed, and th! weak and crippled souls of Christendom? Our attitude of mind "AS A MAN THINKETH" reveals our true selves; our acts reveal our real thoughts, and our ow.n destiny OWEN WISTER, in a remarkable ar- is determined by our attitude and our ticle, published in the Saturday obedience to Christ and His leadership. Evening Post (July 3), remarks: Many who deprecate militarism and the "I want no better photograph of any false idea that physical might makes ind.vidual than his opinion of this war. right, still meekly yield to the immoral militarism and the money power in poli- If he has none, that is a photograph of tics and social life. Many who denounce the unwarranted devastation of Belgium him. Last autumn there were Americans and pity the sufferings of Poland look on who wished the papers would stop print- with apparent indifference at the coning war news and give their readers a tinued despoiling of the women and chilchange. So we have their photographs, dren ,in the temples of India and the as well as those of other Americans who awful plight of the Nestorians in Persia merely calculated the extra dollars they and the. Armenians in Turkey. Others could squeeze out of Europe's need and who think with horror of the wanton agony. But that-thank God-is not destruction of innocent victims on the what we (Americans) look like as a torpedoed vessels at sea, look on with whole. Our sympathy has poured out seeming indifference at the torpedoing for Belgium a springtide of help a~d of churches and colleges by faithless relief; it has flowed to the wounded and preachers and agnostic teachers. There affiicted of Poland, Serbia, France, and are those, too, calling themselves Chris- England. . . . Yet, somehow, in Eu- tians, who would denounce as traitors rope's eyes we fall short." those who refuse to respond to the call of king and country, or who play into Friends, how do we stand in God's the hands of the enemy, and yet these eyes? What does He, who looks not on same Christians refuse to give of themoutward appearance qut on the heart, see selves or their substance to advance the not only pf our attitude and opinions cause of the King of Kings or even join concerning this European conflict; but the ranks of those who, ignorantly or concerning the still greater, more impor- maliciously, scoff at the missionary protant and eternal conflict against evil and paganda. God give us clear vision to for the extension of the Kingdom of see the right in temporal and in eternal God? Does He see us indifferent to the conflicts, and give us the strength of principles involved where' many are character and self-sacrificing spirit to using their power wrongfully and with follow the Master's lead at whatever the selfish purpose of throttling their op- cost, The heroism shown on European ponents? Does He see us careless when battlefields, great as it is, is only a temmillions of our fellow men are suffering porary impulse compared with the from oppression and wrong, and are dauntless courage and unselfish devotion dying without God and without hope? exhi1:iited through long years on many a Does He see us eager to take advantage mission field in the campaigns of the of the extremity of others, heaping up Kingdom of God. comforts, increasing luxuries at home, while our brothers are bravely fighting and enduring hardships on the frontier mission fields? Or does He see us keenly alive to the call of our Great Commander, ready to sacrifice everything to fol-

WODLD-WiDE

MlSSIONADY NEWS JAPAN-KOREA Japan's Demand for Books The Power of God in J'apan THE Christian Literature Society of Japan is making strenuous efforts AN OLD DECREE.-HSO long as the sun shall, continue to warm the earth to combat the pernicious influence of unlet no Christian be so bold· as to come healthy Western literature. Novels and to Japan."-Imperial Edict, 1808. rhapsodies from the pens of European "realists" have been rendered into J ap- AN OLDER DECREE.-HMy word shall not anese. Even Western dramas of sug~ return unto me void, but it shan accom- gestive nature have been translated and plish that which I please, and it shall staged in Tokyo. The Japanese have prosper in the thing whereto I sent it" always, been inclined to take to new (Isa. 55: 11). ideas, and the products of the Western authors disposed to break with the es- A FULFILMENT.-To the Y. M. C. A. tablished social conventions have been of Japan: "Having heard of your work received in Japan with avidity. The for the comforting of the soldiers at the translations of Occidental writings of frorit, their majesties, the Emperor and this class are published in cheap pamph- Empress, are pleased to grant you the let form, selling for a penny or two a sum of ten thousand yen."-The Im- copy. One such pamphlet, described by perial Household Department, May, a Japanese literary critic as "vile," has 1905. had a sale of 850,000 copies.

Japanese CluJ, Study Christianity Some editors of Japanese newspapers are protesting with vigor against these HE Missionary Intelligencer quotes publications. Missionaries state that the T Mr. Miagawa, one of the ablest' demand and the capacity for good liter- Christian scholars in Japan and pastor ature in.Japan exceeds that in any other of the largest independent Congreg(l- mission field. tional church, to the effect that in present-day Japan a million people ar~ read- New Privilege to Mission School. ing the Bible and making its teachings the standard of their lives. THE Japan Evangelist says that the Department of Educ!1-tion has The KiitsuClub, composed of sixty granted to certain Christian schools the of the leading statesmen, educators, and privilege of calling their middle school other men of influence in Japan, was departments Chu Gakubu (middle organized to study the moral and re- school department) instead of Futsu-bu ligious needs of Japan. Among its mem- (ordinary department), without surbers are ,Baron Shibuzawa, Japan's most rendering the right to keep religious in- – influential business man, Baron Saki- struction as a part of the regular course. tani, ex-minister of finance, Baron This privilege has been one for, which Kiguchhi, ex-minister of education, Mr. Christian schools in Japan have con~ Chasi, M.P., and the President of the tended for a number of years, and the Imperial and Wasada Universities. granting of it may be regarded as 'a Three mpnths of last year were devoted t.o J the study of Christianity.

triumph for Christian educators who tute in Chicago and an ordained minister have always stood for the principle that of the Church of Christ in Japan, which schools supported by private funds and includes all the mission work of the teaching up to the government standard various Presbyterian boards in that emshould ha~e the same privilege as public pire. He has been very successful in schools, and at the same time be free '_0 the past in evangelistic work, and when give religious instruction to their stu- the three years' campaign was proposed, uents. Under the new regulation ,it will he came to the United States, in order be possible to give religious instruction to study Sunday's methods. He arrived freely either as a part of the regular in this country in time to hear Sunday curriculum or outside it. preach in Denver last autumn, foJlow;ed A Japanese Prophecy him to Des Moines and heard him in every sermon of his campaign there for " BAPTISM means in Japan an en- three weeks: Then he started back to tirely new birth of the soul," says Japan. In April he was ready to begin work 'on a new basis-completely "SUll- Mr. N. Kato, former editor:in-chief of dayized." A great tent which he secured the Japanese Christian World. In pre- he pitched in the immediate vicinity of dicting that Japan will adopt Christian tty the houses of parliament in Tokyo, and as the' only answer to her needs he there he has been preaching since, enspeaks as foJlows: "The patriotic spirit gaging the con~tantly increasing attenof self-sacrifice inculcated by Shintoism, tion of the people of Tokyo. Those who the sane, practical, moral teachings of have heard both Sunday and Kimura Confucianism, the profound doctrines say that Kimura has accomplished a very and pioety of Buddhism, have aJl con'- striking ieproduction of Sunday's mantributed to form a strong national spirit ners. The Japanese language apparently which is the net outcome of the spiritual does not permit as much scope for slang development of the nation through its as there is in .American speech, but long history. This spiritual legacy is Kimura goes as far as he can in that not, to be ignored. We must clearly re- direction and puts his message continncognize that the mission of Christianity aJly in the vernacula'r of the streets. should be not to eliminate or destroy all these spiritual attainments, but to bring about their fulfilment, and to supply Work for Japanese in Korea what is lacking in them. Figuratively speaking, Shintoism gave Japan its THERE are over 250,000 Japanese in bones, Confucianism its flesh, Buddhism Korea-many of them earnest Chrisits nerves, and Bushido its blood, but life itself or the vitai force of the whole tians, like J ustice Watanabe of the organism must be given by Christianity. Court of Appeals at Seoul. Among these Nationalistic Shintoism, secular Con- Japanese, Rev. and Mrs: F. S. Curtis of fucianism, conventional Buddhi'sm, the Presbyteriart Mi,ssion have been chivalric Bushido- none of these will working for some years and have sucsuffice to meet the spiritual needs of the ceeded in establishing a number af rising generation in Japan."-North- cl,mrches, with Japanese pastors. The western Christian Advocate. "Church of ChriSt in Japan" is active in helping toward the support and ovet:- The "Billy Sunday" of Japan sight of this work among their fellow countrymen. Now Mr. and Mrs. Curtis REV. H. S. KIMURA, Who is caJled have been called""from Korea to take up .. "the Japanese Billy Sunday," has ,work in Shimonoseki, Japan.

recently come to America for a brief The workalfiong the Ja:panese in visit: He is a graduate of Moody Insti- Korea has been particularly difficult on

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

account of the constant shifting of their Picture-Carda and Cigareta T place of residence. The results. have HE cigaret companies have invaded Korea as well as China. Everybeen encouraging, however, and the Jap- anese have been very hospitable. Most where their picture-cards are seen posted of the work must be done by house to in Korean homes. Missionaries, esped- house visitation, since the people are ally those in Korea, are pleading earn- kept at home by household duties. estly for good picture-cards used by the Sunday-schools of America. The Sunday-School Growth in Korea Korean people, as well as the people of other oriental nationalities, eagerly seek IN Korea, as elsewhere, the mission- for these picture-cards even tho they aries have found the Sunday-school a may illustrate lessons that have been most effective means for propagating studied in America weeks or months ago. Christianity. Mr. M. L. Swinehart, of The greatest difficulty connected with the Southern Presbyterian Mission, tells the sending of these cards to. foreign of the remarkable growth throughout countries is the cost of postage. Rev. S. the mission stations in Sunday-school D. Price, Metropolitan Tower, New work during the past three years: York City, has undertaken to inform any one who desires to be put in touch with "Three years ago I visited Mokpo and' some needy foreign field how these found there were about 250 attending cards may best be sent where they will Sunday-school each Sunday which prac- do the most good. Persons desiring to tically represented the church member- aid in this way should write to Mr. ship. I have been in Mokpo for the past Price for full explanation concerning six weeks supervising some building the necessary postal arrangements. operations, and during that time the average attendance at Sunday-school was over 850, or an increase of 240 pCI' CHINA cent. in three years. And these are all • Christian Statistics to Date enrolled by name and looked afte~" O usually at least, if they are absent from VT of a total of 356,000 Protestant Christians in China, the Mission a service." Year Book gives 28.4 per cent. as Lavish Giving of Time Presbyterians, 23.3 per cent. Metho- dists, 10.1 per cent. Lutherans, 10 per K OREAN Christians' are not able to cent. Anglicans, 10 per cent. converts o£ contribute large sums in money, the China Inland Mission, 8.9 per cent. but they gladly contribute largely of Baptists, 7.9 Congregationalists, and 1.4 their time to carry the Gospel of Christ per cent. miscellaneous. The foreign into the communities where He is not missionaries are given at 5,186, and known. Chinese workers 17,879, of whom only 650 are ordained. A recent report from Korea brings the information that the Christians of tha.t counfry are now contributing more than Contrasts in Peking T 100,000 days yearly of their time for HE celebration, in April, of 50 years of work of the American Board systematic evangelization work in their own country. Two members of a Bible Mission in Peking was marked by some class in Seoul, which has'a total mem- picturesque features. Dr. Chauncey bership of 500, walked 50 miles C,arry- Goodrich, who went to Peking in 1865 ing loads of charcoal to sell in or4~r to spoke of the handfuf of poor girls who,1 cover the expense of their ten-day in- were brought together in a little school struction course. ,. in 1868, and then he pointed to the 400

selected representatives from the girls' sation was held between the rich man schools in Peking to-day, covering all and Lazarua. grades from kindergarten to college seniors. 6. Was Jesus' resurrection a resur- rection of the body? Mr. Chuan, one of the first five students whom Mr. Blodget, the first mis- 7. From whence was God? Must :le sionary sent out by the Board, per- not have been created? suaded to come to his school, told of how his mother had gathered up her 8. Has God form and substance? courage to bring her two sons to this 'Please send out some men who can awful monster, the foreigner; and of his answer all these questions to the satisown fright at this strange being who faction of young minds. I shall be glad towered so far above him. This same to resign in their favor."-Missionary timid little boy has become one of the Herald. pillars of the church in China. Two of his sons have been educated in America Union Medical College in Peking and the third plans to come this fall. The Peking -mission now includes 21 T HE China Medical Board of the outstations, 24 preaching places and 11 Rockefeller Foundation, the work of organized churches. which was outlined in the June Review, was to send three physicians to China Chinese Schoolboys' Questions . in August, to make a preliminary can- vass of the field, on which to base the REV. ELMER W .. GALT, of Paoting- board's policy. Negotiations are under fu, is having an opportunity to test way for the purchase from the London the keenness of 1:he Chinese mind. He Missionary Society of the Union Medisends a list of questions which were cal College in Peking, which will form asked him by a Sunday-school class of a, nucleus for the continuation of the first-year academy pupils, boys about work in China. Other institutions probfourteen to sixteen, and comments on ably will be acquired in other parts of them as follows: the country as opportunity presents. Meantime all attention will be tt)1'n~d "In their asking there was doubtless toward developing Union College into a little of the spirit of wanting to test a model institution of advanced learning the foreign pastor; yet the eager atten- in medicine and surgery. tion plainly showed that the prevailing atmosphere was one of keen desire to The present staff includes fourteen know how the questions were to be met. foreign physicians, all of whom will be These are the questions: retained by the Rockefeller Foundation. The Foundation becomes responsible 1. What proofs are there that Chris- only for the medical work and inedical tianity is the true religion? standards of the hospital and school, and. will not interfere in any way with .any 2. How do we know there is only one religious teaching which these mission- God? ary physicians may be incliried to under-· take, either in cOlVlection with their 3. Aren't Jesus, the Holy Spirit, and practise or outside. God the Father three Gods? It is proposed to have a board or 4. If Jesus was divine, was not his trustees, seven appointed by the Rockemother also divine? feller· Foundation; and six .by the mis-· sionary societies, one from each of the 5. Aren't heaven and hell lin· very organizations (three .American· and close proximity? Witness that conver- three British) which have been cooper- ating in the college.

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A Chinese Student's Testimony gratitude and affection on the part of the girls, and a greater tendency to look ONE of the Chinese students who upon the "Door of Hope" as their home. were enabled by the Indemnity fund to come to America to study in 1910, The other branches include a Home has described in the St. fohn's Echo for Stray Children, which is supported (published by St. John's College, Shang- by the Shanghai Municipal Council, and hai) the successive steps in his develop- has done good work. ment which led to his baptism. When he entered St. John's in 1905, a fourteen- Of the girls who have left the year-old lad, he regarded Christianity Homes in recent years 35 are students with apprehension and considered the in mission schools, three training as hosschool chapel services a nuisance. This pital nurses, five training as Bibleattitude developed into one of positive women, eight married to preachers, an<l antagonism, until he says that in 1908 16. are teachers and pupil teachers. he regarded Christianity as a big "fake" ; the missionaries as agents of their gov- Canton has forbidden slavery, and any ernments, which conspired to the ruin slave-girl who applies to the police is re- . of China; and all the Chinese converts ceived and educated. Those who can as "rice-Christians." see are sent to the "Government School for Rescued Slave Girls," and at the From the first moment of his arrival urgent request of the former chief of in America he was under the influence police, Mr., Chan King Wah, the blind of the Y. M. C. A. The Bible class girls of the singing class were committed which he attended during his University to the care of missionaries. A temporlife was a most profitable experience, ary mat shed was provided by the govand he speaks with especial emphasis of ernment for their shelter until a new the great value of the student confer- permanent building was recently comence at Lake Geneva, ~hich he attended pleted. This is known as the "Ching in 1912, in company with some forty Sam" school and was built with money other Chinese students. This seems to contributed by a wealthy Chinese gentlehave been the turning-point, for he says: man. "In the beginning of 1913 I was fully satisfied with the essential principles of INDIA Christianity, and on Easter Eve, 1913, I was baptized." THEPlague a Missionary Opportunity people of India are learning by Refuges for Chinese Girls the bitter experience of the years how to deal better with bubonic plague, T HE fourteenth annual report of the tho it has not lost its terrors. Rev. Door of Hope in Shanghai shows John Douglas, in writing of the last epithe increasing value of this work. From demic in Nagpur, says that thousands of the Industrial Home eighteen girls have people have been inoculated. There been married during the year. Two was a time when money inducements girls of strong individuality are being had to be offered; now they are coming prepared for, further service in a Bible- forward' of their own accord. The city training school. In beth, a wonderful of Nagpur is almost deserted, for the transformation of character through the people fled at the first approach of drawing power of Jesus Christ 'has been danger, and the open country for miles noticed. One girl has prov~d a disap- around is covered with booths, and is pointment, and has run away from the humming with life. Home. On the whole, however, the workers have observed an increase of "Almost every school has been closed, which sets free a considerable body of workers to devote their whole time to

preaching. Ve follow the people into and the Rajah of Cochin, was carried their encampments, and preach to them with acclamation, the whole assemhly by the roadsides or wherever a group of standing.

listeners can be brought together. They Misaionaries Taken for War Alrenta ,are in a chastened mood, and more serious and thoughtful than at any other T HE Presbyterian Mission in Western times. India has found an automobile a valuable adjunct in its touring work, and But our best opportunity is found in in the course of a recent four months' the open bazaars, where sometimes sev- trip over 200 villages were reached, and eral thousand people congregate. For probably 200,000 people preached to. the most part the ordinary market-places in the city have been closed, and the The workers report that in the vilbazaars are held on new sites far from lages meetings are better attended than the danger of infection. Some of these ever, and the eagerness of the people to have proved most conyenient for our hear the Gospel message is steadily inwork, and almost every afternoon our creasing. In one case, however, the mislittle band of workers takes its stand in sionaries have failed to secure the usual the center 'of a busy throng, who wa.it crowd to listen to thldr message. In a and listen to the message we have come small village off the main road, the to proclaim. Tracts are eagerly sought people did not see them coming until the and read, and many gospel portions have automobile drove into the midst of the been bought." bazaar. Some men who knew that a war was in progress and Indian soldiers Christian Congress in Travancore were going to the front, shouted: "They have come to take you to the war!"

ONE of the missionary problems in The people rose as with one accord and the near East and in India is the fled to the jungles, and in less than two relationship with the Armenian, N es- minutes the missionaries were the sole torian and Syrian churches. The co- inhabitants. N at until the chief officer operation that exists in Travancore is of the town sent some policemen after strikingly illustrated by the remarkable ,the fleeing villagers could any be pergathering of Christians which was held suaded to return. Even' then, not all at Kottayam, in the Native State ~ould come back, but slayed safely at Travancore, South India, on April 20, a distance until the missionaries had dewith the Anglican Bishop of Travancore parted. and Cochin as president, supported on the platform by six bishops of the Y. W. C. A. Conference in India T Syrian Church. It was the fourth ses- HE Indian National Committee Df the Young Women's Christian Assosion of the Travancore and Cochin Christian Congress. Some 2,000 Chris- ciation has issued a call for a national tians from all parts of the two Native conference, which will be held in Bom- States attended. The chairman of the bay from Dece~ber 30, 1915 to January reception committee in welcoming the 4, i916. The aim of the Conference is delegates referred to the internal dis- to bind all the Associations throughout sensions in the Syrian Church, and sug- India, Burma and Ceylon into a closer gested an appeal by the parties to the fellowship in their high purpose for the Anglican Bishops of Calcntta, Bombay, young womanhood of these lands. Re-'

Madras, and Travancore for the settle- ports of the work which has been done ment of religious disputes by arbitration. since the lQ.l't National Conference, A resolution of loyalty to the King- nearly five yli;iI,rs ago, will be presented, 'Emperor, the Maharajah of Travancore, the policy of work for the ensuing four

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years will be outlined, and the National MOSLEMS IN ASIA Committee and its officers will be elected. Turks Persecuting Native Christians A Moslem Mullah Accepts Christ A MESSAGE from Athens to the FROM Peshawar, on the ngrthwest New York Times states that Amer: frontier of Itldia, the C. M. S. Ga- ican travelers arrlVl11g there from zette reports the baptism of a Moslem, Turkey report that both Armenians and who has been until· the last few months Greeks, the two native Christian races a mullah at a mosque in that city. By of Turkey, are being systematically upsome means or other he came across a rooted from their homes en masse anq Bible in the mosque, and read a good driven forth summarily to distant prodeal of its contents. He was attracted vinces, where they are scattered in small by its teaching, and desiring to have it groups among Turkish villages and explained went to the cantonment mag- given the choice between immediate aCe istrate, in order to ask him about Chris- ceptance of Islam or death by the sword tianity. The magistrate listened to his or starvation. Their homes and proprequest with much kindness, and sent erty meanwhile are being immediately him with a note to the senior Church taken possession of by their Turkish Missionary Society missionary at Pesh- neighbors or by immigrants from Maceawar, who was, however, absent in the donia. hills. A Moslem friend told him that he could find out all he wanted by attend- Throughout the vilayets of Erzerum, ing the daily preaching at the Church Van, Bitlis, Diarbekr, Harput, Sivas, Missionary Society hospital, adding that and Adana the Armenians have been "the missionaries gave good medicine pitilessly evicted by tens of thousands but bad teaching." So the mullah be- and driven off to die in the desert gan to attend the preaching, tho he ap- n("ar Konia or to Upper Mesopotamia or plied for no medical treatment. After a the Iberian desert. These figures do not fortnight, Dr. Lankester discovered why include thousands massacred by the he came, and he was carefully instruct- Kurds or hanged without trial by the ed. About the end of 1913, he said that Turkish authorities all over Armenia. he could not 'possibly go on conducting The Greeks are faring little better, ex- Moslem prayers in the mosque. Ac- cept that they are not being massacred. cordingly, he left it and came to the hospital, where he was supported until Turkish Tales of German Victories he found employment in a missionschool. A RESIDENT in Jerusalem during the early months of the war wrih~s Buddhist Priest Becomes a Christian that the wondrous tales of victories set abroad by the Turks in the Palestinian U PO THIT, a yellow-robed phoon- capital might have served for a new • gyi priest of Buddha, in the city of edition of the "Arabian Nights." One Syriam, Burma, has become a disciple of Arabic paper described how a Zeppelin Christ. Such instances are very rare- had visited Petrograd, ,and by means of for a priest of Buddha, protected and a powerful magnet drawn up the Czar cared for, lives a life of ease. .His po- and taken him captive; then it proceeded sition is exalted and his followers wor- to Paris and in like manner took up the ship him. Having a knowledge of herbs President of the French Republic; and and toots, . he will become a Burmese then proceeding to Buckingham Palace doctor and go among his people, healing it caught up King George! Another the sick and preaching Christ. report was that London was being bom- barded from Antwerp by the big guns which had been sprung as a surprize

upon the world. Paris at this time, too, be a large event in the history of this was in the hands of the Germans, and a big, busy world," writes Dr. Hoskins.• fleet of Zeppelins was about to raid "but for me personally it means much, London! A comment made on these and with God's blessing the completed victories by a peasant deserves notice. task wiII mean more for all who rev':!r- He said he could not understand how ence and study the Word of God in the Germans were always victorious. Arabic for decades to come." "Mohammed in his wars did not always meet with victory; is the Kaiser greater L Disorders in Turkey than Mohammed?"-Sunday at Home. ETTERS from the missionaries in all parts of the Turkish empire Distress in Palestine report the missIOnaries as safe and in general well. Reference is frequently LETTERS from Palestine report made to the strain of the times through . great destitution in Jerusalem and which they are passing and to events other parts of the land. There have been that may not be described but are fuIl of no imports since last August. Tile in- excitement. Constant watchfulness, ternal resources have been taxed to patience, .adaptability, quick· decision. supply· the army. Food is both scarce both gentleness and firmness-all are reand exceedingly dear. The tourist trade, quired by those who seek to ll!aintain which gave employment to many, and missionary work in the midst of such brought much money to the country, is stormy conditions. cut off, and with it the manufacture of fancy articles, souvenirs and trinkets Turkish Attacks on Christiana which was the chief industry. Agricul.. ture is hampered by the absence of the REPORTS of important events. of able-bodied men in the army. Banking which no mention can be made m has been suspended for many months. missionary letters, tell of the entrance Three women missionaries of the Chris- of the Russian forces into Van and the . tian and Missionary Alliance are carry- establishment of Russian rule in that ing on the school and other work of region; of feverish conditions at Conthat society in Jerusalem, and the stantinople, with rumors of collapse and Syrian staff are said to be doing their of flight; of threatened massacres of Arpart nobly. Missionaries both at home menians at Marash and Aintab, averted and still on the field believe that the end through the diligence of local ·officials of the war will bring unparalleled op- and of representatives of foreign govportunities 111 Palestine. – Alliance ernments; of fighting, outrage, and pil- Weekly. lage at Zeitoon and other villages near Marash, and of the deporting of many Ref'erence Bible in Arabic Completed families of Christians therefrom far to the south into the Mosul-Baghdad re- THE Rev. Franklin E. Hoskins, D.D., gion; of the report that all the Christian of the Presbyterian Board of For- male population of Marash are to be eign Missions at Beirut, Syria, an- caIled as soldiers and their families 1I0unces the completion of the Reference then deported, the first levy having al- Bible in Arabic. The task has included ready been made. This is regarded as the adaptation of a new set of refer- a plan for breaking down the Christian ences to the Arabic text and the putting population without bloodshed and with the whole First· Font Reference Bible the color of legality. into electroplates. The preparation of the MSS. has occupied exactly seven Involving the separation of families, years. The making of the plates will the outraging of women, the confiscatiun be completed in six years. "It may not "f property and personal insult to the

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members of entire communities, of The Sunday-school Secretary for which but a few persons are guilty of Egypt, Rev. Stephen van R. Trow- any disloyalty, this deportation means bridge, is offering these illustrated leaf- the crushing of the educated and able lets as prizes, one to be given away to Christian population of the Marash field each scholar who fills any of the follow- and a blow at American missionary in- ing conditions: 1. Perfect attendance in terests, menacing the results of more the Sunday-school for three consecutive than fifty years of work and many thon- months; 2. Bringing to Sunday-school sands of dollars of expenditure.-The one new Moslem scholar; or 3. Learning Missionary Herald (JULY). and reciting by heart Psalm 23 and 103, AFRICA Isaiah 55, and Matthew 5. Copies may be offered also to all new Christian Endeavor in Egypt Moslem scholars as they enter. Besides AMONG the troops encamped in dif- this it is hoped to make extensive use ferent suburbs of Cairo, Egypt, of these parables among Moslem schools writes Miss Anna Y. Thompson, of the where there is yet no prospect of the American Mission, "we have met a good Sunday-school. many that have been members of their home Christian Endeavor societies, Good News From South Africa especially men from New Zealand. At REV. FREDERICK B. BRIDGMAN one camp at least there have been large writes from Johannesburg: "Since Christian Endeavor meetings conducted last writing we have opened work in by the men and their chaplains. Chris-' eight compounds in different parts of tian people have also opened their houses the 60 miles of the Rand. This means to many of the soldiers. The mission that ,in each of these compounds we has rented rooms for meetings at Heli- have a group of from 15 to 50 young opolis, and during the week these rooms men who are either cOl1verts, inquirers, are turned into' soldiers' rest-rooms. or at lea~t interested enough to attend Two ladies devote their time to this night school, which often leads to con- work, assisted by the Endeavorers. In version. At Randfontein, an important Assuan many attend the Young Men's center, we have just secured the grant Christian Endeavor society that meets in of a church lot and we are now after the Coptic Church. Connected with the the building. At the other end of the Evangelical Church there is a women's reef is Benoni, where some 30,000 na- society with 21 members. In Khartum tives are employed. A special gift is there is a society in a girls' boarding- now supporting a. capable preacher here. '

school. It was interesting to listen to The work opened last year at Roset- the prayers of the Coptic girls and of tenville is encouraging, three languages some girls of the Sudan Moslem tribes, being used in each service. Only a one of whom thanked God for His fraction of the above work c:lt1ld have precious word, while another prayed for been started, let alone the care now re-_ the poor.-Christian Endeavor World. qui red, but for the motor cycle. In For Egyptian Children these few months it has carried me 3,000 miles without a failure.-Missionary T HE World's Sunday-school Associa- Herald. tion is distributing among the Moslem children in Egypt and North Presbyterians in West Africa T Africa a number of simple iIIustrated HE work of the Presbyterian Board in West Africa is carried on at six parables prepared by Miss 1. LiIIi'l.s Trotter, illustrated and printed by the principal stations. Benito on the coast, Nile Mission Press. in Spanish Guinea, and Batanga (als))

on the coast), Efulen, Elat, Lolodorf words have been gathered. Several pas- and Metet in the interior in German sages from the Bible have been trans- Kamerun. Batanga has been deserted lated. Some school charts have been by the missionaries, who have gone to prepared. Three itinerating trips have Benito for the present. There are at been made during the quarter. Number present on the field, out of a total of 58 of villages in which services were held missionaries, 34-eight of these at Benito 21. The reception was everywhere very and the rest in the interior. Letters cordial. In· each case the wife of the which have come from the latter in- missionary making the trip accompanied dicate that the missionaries are all in him, and her presence did much to in- safety and are carrying on most of their crease the good result of the trip. Not work, in spite of the difficulties caused only have we now a better idea of the by the war. From Metet Mr. Johnson villages within working distance of the writes: "The mission is doing every- mission, but we have received requests thing possible to keep the work going to send teachers, and many chiefs have with as little distraction as possible. sent boys or young men to us to learn Here at Metet we kept our station school of our work.-D. L. Mumpower, Wem- going, both for girls and boys, and all bo-Niama.

the village schools are kept up, altho the attendance has fallen off very much and EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN the pupils are in many cases unable to British Finances pay the tuition." Rev. Melvin Fraser, THE editor of the Missionary Press of Elat, reports: "Our American citizen- bureau has compiled a statement conship-by which we missionaries are cerning the contributions raised annually altogether neutral, and mean to keep so, in the United Kingdom for missionary -is our good fortune." purpbses by the Protestant churches.

Missionary Activity in the Kongo Various deductions may be made from the figures. The population of th<: CHRISTMAS was celebrated by a United Kingdom is 46,089,249, and the union meeting of the Wembo-Niama total contributions for missions overseas congregation and the station congrega- are about £2,333,275, so that, per head of tion. Number present, 367. It had been population, a little more than one shilling previously announced that the collection (or, to be more accurate, 1s. 1-6d.) is would be given to the poor. It was very contributed annually for missions over- gratifying to see the response of the seas. This may be contrasted with the people to this appeal. The collection following statistics: amounted to 11.40 francs in money, 5Y; 1914. 1915.

bushels millet, 1 bushel corn, 3 bunches £ s. d. £ s. d. bananas, 1 bunch plantains, 1 chicken, Amount per head of some eggs, salt, rice, beans, palm nuts, peanuts, and other articles. Several overseas trade … 10 13 0 11 8 0 young men have been received as pros- Amount per head pective evangelists and teachers. They spend their time in the morning at spent on alCoholic manual labor for the mission, attending liquors ………. 3 5 0 3 14 0 school and catechumen class. In the Amount per head afternoon they are kept busy in some spent on tobacco o and smoking ap- o 14 0 pliances ……… 12 0 Amount per head contributed for missions overseas 0 o 11~ 0 1 0'/0 kind of work preparatory to their fu- Great Britain is at war, and the ques- ture service. Seven is the present enrol- 'tion may be asked, Can she afford to ment. 48 typewritten pages of Batetcla continue her missionary contributions?

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In reply, one striking fact may be men- under way at 150 centers, in charge of tioned. Every British state or depen- about 300 secretaries. In a month there dency that has benefited by the work of were 300 centers, with 600 secretaries; missionaries came to the mother country and at present the work has spread to with generous offers of material assist- embrace 700 centers, with over 3,000 ance on the outbreak of hostilities. secretaries, many of whom are volunteer university men in addition to the regular British Workers in Conference men of association staffs. These secre- T HE secretaries of the various British taries are given a recognized standing missionary societies gathered in with the army in the form of commis- Swanwick in June for a short period of sions as special service officers, with the fellowship and conference. There were rank of lieutenant. Most of the centers present approximately one hundred of work are in the great training camps, workers, men and women, representing where the men are prepared for the the larger and smaller missionary socie- actual field fighting; but it has also been ties, with their auxiliary organizations. possible to extend the service into the Among the effects of the war which war zones, for the maintenance of clean were considered were the upheaval in standards of army life. There are now the Moslem world; the vast changes twenty-nine Young Men's Christian As- taking place in the relationship of nation sociation centers behind the lines in to nation which can not but affect mis- France, the activities being carried ')n sionary bodies; the internment of mis- in big shacks erected specially for this sionaries in certain fields affected by the purpose, with funds which have becn war, leading to the neglect of large raised by appeals to the people.

bodies of native Christians; and the al- tered balance between Roman Catholic THE CONTINENT and Protestant missions. Mission to Jews in Rumania It was with much encouragement and A WORKER of the Swedish Jewish gratitude to God that those present :it Mission in Rumania writes: "The the conference' learned that, in spite of work here among the Jews can not be more than ten months of war, the work compared with any other work. The of British missionary societies was, in people hunger and thirst after the Word nearly every case, being maintained ;n of God. Jassy is a city of 75,000 infairly normal conditions. In facing the habitants, at least 60,000 of whom are future, with its probable financial ditli- Jews. . . . Altho the Jews have no civil culties, it was recognized by all that the rights in Rumania, yet all commerce maintenance of God's work depended and industry is in their hands. The more upon the spiritual condition of Jewish Mission works mainly for Israel God's people than on the financial affairs through their schools. Pastor Adeney, of the nation.-London Christian. in Bukarest, has 2,000 J ewi~h children Y. M. C. A. and the War in two large institutions; in Galatz, Pastor Johnson has 200 children in one W HEN the war became a certainty, school, and here in J assy the Swedish there was an immediate call from Jewish Mission has a girls' school with the army staff in England for the assist- just 100 girls. It is a joy to witness ance of the Young Men's Christian As- how the larger girls are seeking the sociation, which was recognized for its truth. Every Sunday we have meetings previous work with the army in both for adult Jews. Saturday the hall is training and actual warfare. Within always full."-Evangelischer Missions- two weeks the Association had work bote. .

Louee in the War longing for God's Word. This will enable us to put that Word into hun- FIGURES on the losses of the prin- dreds of thousands of hands where it cipal powers engaged in the war, would not otherwise be placed, and will cause it to be read as it would not otherfurnished by the Red Cross, illustrate wise have been read. Many feel also the immensity of the conflict now raging that this act is likely to have far-reachin Europe, Asia and Africa. The losses ing influence on the relations of Russia total 8,831,000. The total lost in the and America." first six months of fighting was 2,146,- 000, divided as follows: Germany, 482,- AMERICA 000; Austria, 341,000; France, 464,000; Great Britain, 1l6,OOO; Russia, 733,000. Training Pastors for Immigrants The losses of the Belgians, Serbians, Montenegrins, Turks and Japanese are AMERICA will be made or marred by not included in the summary, exact her immigrant population. One figures not being obtainable. Following solution of the p~oblem is offered by the is the Red Cross complete'table of losses College and Seminary at Dubuque, Iowa, to June 1st: which is fitting 236 young men, who speak thirty different languages, to Germany. Killed Wounded Prisoners Total preach Christ to their own people. Austria . 482,000 857,000 233,000 1,572,000 Adrian Van Vliet, Hollander, and France 341,000 701,000 183,000 1,225,000 small tailor, in Dubuque more than 60 Britain 464,000 1,157,.000 495.000 2,116.000 years ago, saw the needs of the German Russia 116,000 224,000 83,000 433,000 immigrants, who were pouring into this 733,000 country without ministers. Their re- -1,98-2,0-00 -77-0,00-0 -3,4-85,0-00 ligious habits were largely broken up, ~o Total .2,136,000 he went from house to house telling 4,921,0001,764,000 8,831,000 them the old story of God's love. With no advantage of university culture, he TAmerican Gifts Welcomed in Russia fitted himself for the ministry, by HE Gospels which have been pur- prayer and study of the- Scriptures, and chased by the gifts of American was then called as pastor of a German Sunday-school scholars for European church. Immediately he saw that to soldiers have been especially appreciated evangelize the immigrants you must in Russia. The Empress wishes to have educate their young men to be preachers them given in the name of the Czare- to their own people. vitch, and has directed that the following inscription be printed in each ont': His first step was to take two young "His Imperial Highness, the Czarevitch, Germans into his home, and fit them for Heir Apparent and Grand Duke Alex- such work. Souls were saved, and ander Nickolaivitch most graciously churches organized. Van Vliet refused presents this Gospel which has been sent any compensation. His two students to him by a Sunday-school scholar in soon increased to eighteen, and two America," small adjoining buildings were trans- formed into dormitories. In 1864 the Mr, Kilburn, of the American Bible school was placed under the care of the Society, writes: "I need not say how Presbyteries of Dubuque and Dane, and greatly this will add to the value of the in 1870 it came under the control of the books in the eyes of the men who re- General Assembly. ceive them. Whatever else may be destroyed, these books will not be. They In 1902 Rev. Dr. C. M. Steffens came will be handed down from generation to to the College, as its President, and from generation while time shall last. It m:1.y that time progress has been rapid. be well doubted if a more gracious and helpful act could be done. The hearts of the people of this mighty Empire are

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

Chinese Students Baptized The Committee hopes to give the T HREE Chinese students were bap- Gospel message to about 750,000 men, tized at a senrice at Northfield, women and children this season, as Massachusetts, on July 4th, the last day against 613,437 people last year. It will of the Northfield Conference. They were cost $30,000 to carryon this work.

Sum Ou, of Columbia University; Henry Campbell White Gael to Wooster J Quock Quon Chin, of Worcester High CAMPBELL WHITE, general sec- – • retary of the Laymen's Missionary School, and George Kwock Jew Chin, of Worcester Grammar School. The Movement, has accepted the presidency baptism was performed by Bishop T. S. Henderson, of the Metho- of Wooster Collegtl, Ohio, of which he is a graduate. He sees in the new podist Episcopal Church; Rev. Huie sition an opportunity to influence the Kin, pastor of the Chinese Presby- most important single factor in the misterian Church of New York city, and sionary problem-leaders, and says: Rev. D. W. Lyon, minister of the Pres- "Wooster is training more Christian byterian Church and associate general leaders than any other Presbyterian colsecretary of the national committee, lege in America, and she is capable of Y. M. C. A. of China. The baptism of doing vastly more. We hope to be able these students leaves only a few of the to improve the quality of Christian lead- 53 Chinese delegates at the conference ers, not only for the ministry and miswho are not members of the church. Six sion fields, but for every calling in life." Chinese were also publicly baptized at He states also that he hopes as a volunthe Student Conference at Eaglesmere, teer worker to be able to contribute to Pa., in July. the Laymen's Missionary Movement, Evangelistic Work in New York with which he has so long been con- nected, certain things which were not THE Evangelistic Committee of New possible for an employed officer. Inci- York City has planned an aggressive dentally, his relation to the National campaign for the remaining months of Missionary Campaign of that movement 1915. Their decennial report shows that for the coming winter will remain unin the ten years of their work they have changed. preached the Gospel to 4,181,564 people representing 28 known nationalities and Jewish Miuion in Montreal T 43 known occupations. Men and women HERE are about 55,000 Jews in the City of Montreal, 45,000 of them who have committed almost every sin, including a man who has been a mur- being in a crowded area two miles in derer, have been brought to Jesus Christ, length and about 3,000 feet wide. The and numbers of their converts have en- Canadian Presbyterian Church has now tered active Christian service. opened a mission among them, and has This year there is a new spirit of called Rev. Elias Newman to take charge earnestness in the city, a spirit born of of it. He was brought up in England the awful war in Europe. it has been and when he was fifteen years of age said that every great war in the last few he was converted to Christianity. After hundred years has been followed by :J. studying at Berlin, and in Glasgow, he great revival. The whispers of the spent over two years in Jewish Mission- coming revival are even now being ary work in London, in connection with heard, its breath is all"eady felt, and the the Mildmay Ilission to the Jews. In crowd is asking for something sure, I9II he came to the United States and something that will help in this hour of took a special theological coutse in need. Louisville, Kentucky.

Mr. Newman has been engaged in a for church hospital in Salt Lake City, survey of the Jewish community, as well $I36,000; for poor relief, $116,000; for as doing personal work. A suitable church offices, $99.000. It was also stated building has been secured and all pre- that outside of tithes, local church orparations are being made for establish- ganizations had given $150,000 for the ing aggressive Gospel work among the relief of the poor and $33,000 for war Jewish people of Montreal. The Cana- relief to Mormons in Europe. It will be dian Episcopal church has also taken up observed that the account of disburseseriously its responsibility for the Jews, mentS' leaves something like $150,000 of and has inaugurated missions in Hamil- receipts unaccounted for.-The Conton, Toronto and Montrea1.-The Pres- tinent. byterian. Prospect of Union in Canada Satisfactory Conditions in Canada THE Review has reported from time HO Canada is sending her sons in to time the negotiations looking to- T large numbers to the war, the report ward the union of Presbyterians, Concomes from Toronto that the Canadian gregationalists and Methodists in Canmissionary boards are sending out their ada, which have been carried on for a missionaries, both returning and' new, number of years. Their consummation almost as usual, the difference being that has been brought much nearer by the not quite so many appointments are recent action of the Presbyterian Asbeing made. The financial condition of sembly, which in its annual meeting at the Canadian Boards is also said to be Kingston, Ontario, voted in favor of good, in spite of the very large gifts hy the union by the remarkable verdict of Canadian people to Red Cross, Belgian 368 to 74. One year ago the adverse Relief, patriotic and local unemployment vote was 29 per cent. of the Assembly, funds. while the recent vote was 16.7 per cent. This result was the more significant :n FOR Mormon Finances view of the fact that the gathering was the firs.t time in its history, the the largest in the history of the church Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter and because the chief obstacle in the Day Saints has made public a financial way of immediate action has been in report. To b~ sure, it is not audited by Presbyterianism. Some of the ablest any chartered public accountant, but and most enthusiastic champions of the however accurate or inaccurate, it is at movement are in the Assembly, but the least a report, and the mere fact of its strength of the opposition has made propublication is evidence that the Mormon gress slower than in the other two leaders have felt the s'evere reflections bodies.-Congregationalist. visited by so many critics upon their policy of silence and mystery in financial LATIN AMERICA affairs. Faithful Laymen in Mexico The" statement was laid before the an- THE initiative and ability of the nual conference of the church in the Salt Lake tabernacle on Easter Sunday. It native 'Mexican workers have been shows that the tithe collections of the proven in various recent crises in revoorganization in T9I4 were $I,887,920. lutionary Mexico. The Sunday-school The disbursements specified out of this superintendent of the church at Aguasenormous sum were as followS': For calientes has taken charge of the servchurch buildings, $73I,000; for church ices for several months in the absence schools, $33I,000; for church temples, of the pastor, and the usual offerings $64,000; for missionary work, $228,000; have been taken for the support of the poor.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

This same man was elected to the grant that this may be more than mere State Legislature under the Madero Ad- curiosity, and that His servant may be ministration. The Catholic element filled with the Spirit of the Lord so that fought him from the beginning because he may be mighty to lead this people to he was a Protestant. Yet he proved so Jesus Christ."

firm a force for righteousness that the.

opposition retracted and issued posters ISLANDS OF THE SEA stating that even tho he was a Protes- "Twelve Apostles" in the Philippines tant he had made a good deputy.

In the absence of the' lady mission- D URING a recent Conference of aries at Colegio Morelos, one of the Filipino Christians at Iloilo, P. L, graduates, a teacher in the school for a number of the delegates held a preachten years, with remarkable tact and ing service in the village plaza. One of ability has attended to all business the native preachers mounted a chair touching the school property. and spoke to the crowd that quickly gathered. A village alderman there- In Saltillo another layman has kept upon picked up a club and drove the up the regular services in the absence of crowd away. Some, however, refus~d the missionary. The attendance and to be driven and others returned to hear enthusiasm we are told have not abated what the preacher had to say. a whit and very liberally has the congregation contributed to the poor and needy. The next afternoon another service was held in the same place, when t'he Good News From Brazil American missionary had taken the pre- caution to obtain permission of the REV. ASHMUN C. SALLEY, Flor- Presidente to hold the service. A pro- ianapolis, Brazil, writes: "I am cession from the Roman Catholic church, just back from Tres Riachos where the passing down the side street, halted, and Gospel was preached for the first time. turned back. The "twelve Apostles," The m~etings were finely attended. I who were leading the procession, picked found about ten persons who wished to up clubs, and started to drive the Prot- be baptized. These were the fruits of estants off the plaza. Inspired by the seed sown about twelve years ago, in example of the "apostles" many men the form of two Bibles left in that and boys picked up clubs, stones, and vicinity by a colporteur. A friend visit- cluds or dirt, and added their quota to ing a village nearby, shortly after the the melee. The chairs and the bench series of meetings, was told that the used for a pulpit were demolished, but priest said that a mass movement to- the mob failed to get at the portable ward Protestantism was in progress in organ. "Kill the Americano," shouted Tres Riachos. I have no such high ex- some, "he is the leader of the devils."

pectation, as the gate is narrow and few Two policemen who should have pre- enter thereby. However, the Spirit of vented the disorder, only ran about seek- God opened a great door of opportunity ing the names of the rioters, The for us. It seemed as tho the people casualties included one man wounded, never would get tired. I know that more many feelings hurt, considerable temper than one went home to work from mid- lost, and several broken chairs. There night until morning and came out the have been other cases of' stoning next day to a noon s'ervice, Sunday preachers, but not by a whole mob as in evening I was obliged to hold an after this case. The spirit and temper of the service to satisfy those who could' not Roman Catholic church has not changed.

get within hearing during the first, God The Presidente of the village and the

Justice of the Peace have promised to He writes: "A wave of hopelessn(:ss investigate and to punish the leaders. sweeps over one when confronted by a mass of Moro or pagan adults. But it The Transformation of an Island is not so with their children. They are as impressionable, as appealing, as lov- N AURU, a tiny island, 400 miles away ·able as any children of any color in the from the others of the Marshall whole world. You can see the latent group, to which it belongs, with a popu- intelligence in their eyes; the skill resi- lation of about 1,500 savages, only a dent in their slender, sensitive fingers; little removed from cannibalism, has the power in their comely, half-clad or been for the last sixteen years the field wholly naked bodies. Only opportunity of Rev. Philip A. Delaporte. During is lacking, and that we must supply or that period he has reduced their meager be guilty in the sight of heaven." language to writing, has translated into it the Old and New Testament and over MISCELLANEOUS 100 hymns, and the entire population can read and write and sing from notes. I The Missionary Message All the people are said to be sincere T is the overwhelming conviction of Christians. the leaders throughout these great fields that there must ·be a vast increa~e Both the New Testament and the in the number of missionaries in the hymn book were published on Nauru immediate future. On this point there Island, and printed in the native tongue was not a single dissenting voice in conon a hand-press, which was sent down nection with any of the conferences. It as a gift by the Hawaiian Mission So- was one unbroken appeal from the time ciety of Honolulu. I landed in Ceylon until I left the Japanese Islands. The requests were Mr. and Mrs. Delaporte are aCCOHl- not stated in general terms, but based panied on their trip to the United States on actual facts. It was found that in by Tim Detudano, a full-blooded native, each one of the areas in which conferwho has helped with the translations, ences were held, even in territories which and has been a teacher in the Nauru are commonly thought to be fairly well schools.-Christian Herald. occupied, there are great stretches Jf unoccupied territory, even in regions Philippine Moslem Children like the Ganges Valley, the Yangtse Valley, and Japan. In Japan, for ex- BISHOP BRENT appeals for the in- ample, it was the unanimous judgment dustrial training of the children of of all the workers that 80 per cent. of the Mohammedan Moros in the Philip- the total population have not yet heard pines. He says that the ignorance of the facts of the Christian Gospel.We the people is so dense, their customs so had, at the Japanese conference, all the uncouth, and their ideas of life so un- recognized leaders of the Japanese tutored, that a child has but a poor Church, both foreign and native. They chance at best. Up to the present the carne to the unanimous judgment that government has done little to educate we must double the number of evanthe Moro, but what has been accom- gelistic mIssIOnaries in Japan; that plished among the savage mountain means· over 400 new foreign missiontribes elsewhere in the ~hi1ippines cn- aries in Japan,' if possible, within the courag-es the belief that equal effort will next three or four years.-JoHN R. meet with equal success among the MaTT. Moros. The training outlined by the Bishop will only cost one dollar a week per child for buildings and equipment.

ONMI~IONS m/

AND MISSION "Ittl LANDS /" /.

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Unity and Missions. By the Rev. Arthur of disunion he proceeds to showing the present unfortunate situation in the J. Brown, D.D. 8vo. 319 pp. $1.50. Christian Church at home and abroad. He indicates the doctrinal unity on es- Fleming H. Revell Co., 1915. sentials and the misleading assumptions that keep Christians apart. Finally, he This powerful plea for Christian unity considers various proposals for unity is packed full of facts-great facts, indis- and cooperation and pictures the coming putable facts, telling facts. The argu- consummation. The cause of Christian ment is clear and sound, fearless and unity is worth living to attain and worth convincing. Dr. Brown does not hesi- dying to achieve. tate to speak some truths that may be unpalatable, but he speaks them in love The Christian Movement in the Japanand for the glory of God. Withal the ese Empire, 1915. Edited by Rev. John book is full of life and incident. L. Dearing, D.D. 8vo. 686 pp. $1.25. The Missionary Education Movement, There is a vast difference between New York. unity and uniformity. The latter is not This annu",l volume, published for the advocated nor even immediate organic union. The principle and program for Conference of Federated Missions in which this book contends is the "one- Japan, has a unique value. It contains ness" for which our Lord prayed-the an abundance of information obtainable unity which will prevent unnecessary nowhere else and much that would rewaste and duplication of effort; which quire diligent and prolonged search to will emphasize the agreement of Chris- secure. Over 140 missionaries have tians on the great essential truths of contributed to this thesaurus of in- Revelation and will acknowledge· all formation on Japan up-to-date. Be- Christians as one body of which Christ sides a general survey there are sections is the head. It is difficult to understand on missionary organizations and churchhow anyone can read the facts and es Christian literature and education, arguments set forth by Dr. Brown and independent miSSIOns, social service, still consent to any phase of denomi- obituaries. Also a large division is denational rivalry or jealousy. Why voted to Korea. The appendices relate should a Presbyterian or Episcopal to the Conference of federated missions, church or mission be planted in a field the Japan continuation committee, already occupied by another denomi- Christian Eleemosynary institutions, nation unless there is room for both to etc. Here we find the Japan evanflourish and cooperate in their work for gelistic work described and the only uprighteousness and against evil? The to-date accurate figures on mission work Church of Christ can learn some valu- in Japan and Korea. able lessons from the cooperation of the Allies or the unity of the German and Efficiency Points. By W. E. Doughty. Austrian armies in the present war. l6mo. 105 pp. 50 cents. baymen's Mis- sionary Movement, New York, 1915. Dr. Brown's rounded study and skil- Here is an excellent little companion ful marshalling of facts has given us a classic on the subject. From the causes study book to Mr. Doughty's previous

volume, "The Call of the W orId." That Beginning with God and one man in was a masterpiece for brevity, clearness and force, on the need and the duty of whom the Spirit of God dwelt, the work world evangelization. This second study book consists of studies in some has grown until now, without any of the missionary ideals, methods and dynamic. The little volume is packed full special church constituency at home to of ideas tersely and forcefully exprest. It is also a storehouse of facts-not draw on for support, there are over one merely of opinions. The Bible is shown to be preeminently a missionary book; thousand missionaries on the field, bethe method by which Christianity is spread is proved to be mainly by the sides nearly 1,700 paid Chinese helpers personal work of laymen as well as (1£ the clergy; the importance of money as and 50,000 communi~ants baptized in an asset in the Christian propaganda is demonstrated; above all, the power of the fifty years. . prayer in supplying effiCiency is clearly proven. Facts, arguments, incidents and The story is told simply and faithillustrations abound as well as epigrammatic sentences that suggest rich fully by decades to show the steps by themes for further study and discourses. which God has led Hudson Taylor and his associates. There are wonderful in- stances to show God's guidance, His Providential protection and provision for His messengers, and the spiritual fruitage of the work. It is a valuable record, in fifty chapters, to enhearten every missionary of the Gospel.

NEW BOOKS The Missions Code. Edited by Charles The Christian Movement in the Japan- L. Boynton. Bvo, 726 pp. Foreign Mis- ese Empire, Including Korea and For- sions Conference of North America, mosa. A Year Book for 1915. Thirteenth New York, 1915. annual issue. John Lincoln Dearing, edi- The European war has temporarily tor. 12mo. xxiv-686. $1.25, postpaid. The Missionary Education Movement, 156 interrupted the use of cable codes to Fifth Avenue, New York, 1915. wa~ring nations.· The many codes in use have been a source of inconvenie-nce The Missions Code. Compiled and puband uncertainty. Here is one that com- lished by authority of the Foreign Misbines the excellences of all and adds sions Conference of North America, for many new features that will lessen the use by Foreign Missions Boards and cost of cablegrams and will help in the their correspondents. Charles L. Boyntransmission and translation of mes- ton, B.A., editor. Bvo, xviii-724 pp. Forsages. Twenty-five thousand mission- eign Missions Conference, 25 Madison aries can benefit by this code in addition Avenue, New York, 1915. to countless travelers and friends at home. It was composed under the Among Missions in the Orient, and Ob- servations by the Way. By J. S. Hartzdirection of a committee of the Foreign Missions Conference. The result is a ler and J. S. Shoemaker. Bvo. 467 pp.

masterpiece. It will be a boon to all $1.50. Jos. S. Shoemaker, Freeport, Ill. who have cablegrams to send to antI 1915. from foreign lands. Comrades in Service. By Margaret E. Burton. 12mo. 196 pp. Illustrated. Mis- sionary Education Movement, New York, 1915. The New Life in Christ Jesus. By C. I. Scofield, D.D. 12mo. 117 pp. 50 cents, net. Bible Institute Colportage Associa- tion, Chicago, 1915. . Getting Things from God. A Study of the Prayer Life. By Charles A. Blanchard, The Jubilee Story of the China Inland D.D. 12mo. 270 pp. Paper, 35 cents, net. Cloth, 75 cents, not. Bible Institute Colportage Association, Chicago, 1915. Mission. By Marshall Broomhall.. Il- Soule's Dictionary of English Synolustrated. Map. Bvo. 386 pp. $1.25. China Inland Mission, London, Phila- nyms. Revised edition. $2.50. J. B. Lippincott Co, Philadelphia, 1915. delphia, Toronto, 1915. . The Heart of Jainism. By Mrs. Sinclair The history of fifty years of this re- Stevenson, Sc.D. 336 pp. 7s. 6d., net. markable mission is well worth reading. Oxford University Press, 1915