The Missionary Review of the World — August 1931

'MISSIONARY COMING

PERSONAL DR. LEWIS SEYMOUR MUDGE was elected Moderator at the recent meeting of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

DR. CARL S. PA'"TTO* N *was elected Mod- erator of the National Council of Congregational Churches at the annual meeting in Seattle.

DR. AND MRS. *F. I'". JO'" HNSON returned ~h008e early in July from their visit to the lIOU,. favo,.ite route a,,,l still ~~GO Orient. EMPRESS" DR. A. W. WILK*IE, '"well-known mis- Prefer the Honolulu Toute? Take the sionary of the West Coast of Africa, has new Empress of Japan, largest, fastest liner to been appointed Principal of Lovedale In- the Orient, or huge Empress of Canada. Constitute. For nearly twenty years Cal- nections with San Francisco and Los Angeles abar, made famous by Mary Slessor, was sailings. Quicker crossing? Take Empress of the scene of his labors, but since the War Russia or Empress of Asia, Direct Expre8. to he has had charge of the work on the Japan in 10 days. Both routes from Vancouver Gold Coast that was f(]rmerly carried on (trains direct to ship's side) and Victoria. by the Basel Mission. The great white Empress fleet offers the new ARCHBISHOP GR*EGO'"RIO'" AGLIPAY, of the "Empress" Tourist Cabin, spacious, comfortable ..• with true "Empress" cuisine ••• "of·the· Independent Filipino Church, is visiting Orient" service. Luxurious First Class, too. Also the United States in company with sev- a noted Third Cahin. eral prominent Filipinos. Independent travel.touring round-the-world BISHOP C. P. '"WA'"NG'"has been elected chairman of the National Council for China for two years. He succeeds Bishop Tsen, Protestant Episcopal.

FRED B. * ** moderat(]r of SMITH, recently the National Council of the Congrega- tional Churches of the United States still continues active in world peace promo- tion, education, citizenship and law-ob- servance movements. He was a "Y"

worker in two wars, returning in 1920 to become chairman of the executive com- mittee of the World Alliance for Inter- national Friendship, a movement that would use religion as the prime motive and force for gaining world peace. He is also the vigQrous national chairman of the Citizens' Committee of One Thousand for Law Observance and Enforcement.

MISS HELEN M* . *BRI'C" KMAN, Director and Orient conducted tours with Canadian Pacific veteran travel "know-how." of Indian Work in the Council of Women Information and rates, also reservations from for Home Missions, will serve as Acting your agent or Canadian Paci1ic: New York, Executive Secretary until her resigna- Chicago, Montreal and 32 other cities in U. S. tion takes place in the late fall to be- and Canada. come General Secretary of the Women's Board of Domestic Missions of the Re- formed Church in America.

•** CANADIAN PACIFIC ….. TO THE MRS. ELLA A. BOOLE, president of the ORi£nr Woman's Christian Temperance Union of the United States, was elected presi- dent of the World's Woman's Christian Temperance Union. She succeeds Anna Adams Gordon, who was compelled by illness to relinquish the office after nine years' service, and who has since died.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF TUlD WORLD in writioK to advertisers. REVIEW OF THE WORLD AugUst 18-23 – GENERAL CONFERENCE, SEVENTH DAY BAPTIST CHURCHES, DELAVAN L. Pn'RBoN, Editor Alfred, N. Y.

CONTENTS-August, 1931 August 22-29- UNIVERSAL CHRISTIAN COUNCIL ON LIFE AND WORK, EXEC- Page UTIVE COMMITTEE, Cambridge, Eng- I1~RONTI8PIECE-MISSJONARIES AT LAKE· land.

V I L l.. E September 9-14-NATIONAL B APT I S T CONVENTION, Atlanta, Ga. 'l'HE NEW SPANISH REPUBLIC AND PROTESTAN'l'ISM …………….. . September 16-N A T ION A L COUNCIL, PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH, ••.•..•…••..•. . JUAN OR'l'S GONZALEZ 565 Denver, Colo.

NEW LIBERTY IN NEW SPAIN …… . September 23-24-COMMITTEE OF REFER- ENCE AND COUNSEL, FOREIGN MIS- ••••••••••••••••••. WAYNE H. BOWEHS 570 SIONS CONFERENCE OF NORTH AMER- ICA, New York, N. Y. THE CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN CHI· NA IN 1931 …………. C. Y. CHENG 573 September 28-30-INTERPENOMINATION- AL MISSIONARY INS'J'ITUTE, conducted FORMING NEW MISSIONARY POLICIES by the Philadelphia Federation of A'!' LAKEVILLE ………. THE EDITOR 579 Churches and the Women's Interde- n{)minational Union of Philadelphia SHALL WE SIMPLIFY MISSION WORK? and Vicinity, Philadelphia, Pa. ………………. PAUL W. HARRISO~ 587 October 6-11-INTERNATIONAL CONVEN- WHY I LEFT ISLAM FOR CHRIST …. TION OF DISCIPLES OF CHRIST, Wich- ………… M. A. QAYYUM DASKAWIE 593 ita, Kan.

MRS. JO, "THE SUICIDE DOCTOR" OF November 15 – AN INTERDENOMINA- JAPAN ……………. MAYME MOORE 591 TIONAL MEETING OF MEN 'J'O COM- MEMORATE THE TWENTY-FIFTH AN- "DO YOU LOVE' YOURSELF" …….. . NIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDING OF THE LAYMEN'S MISSIONARY MOVEMENT. ••••••••.•••.•.. WILLIS R. HOTCHKISS 5U9 Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church, New York. SIAM, 'l'HE SURPRISING KINGDOM … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MRS. F. I. JOHNSON 601 OBITUARIES A CRISIS IN MISSIONARY POLICIER ….. . THE REV. DR. JOHN AIlNER MARQUIS, D.D., former moderator of the General ……………….••…. THE EDITOR 603 Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, also formerly president of Coe College, TH~J PLIGHT OF RUSSIAN CHRTS· Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and for seven years TIANS ……………… "………. 608 Executive Secretary of the Board of Na- tional Missions of the Presbyterian MOTION PICTURI~S AND FOREIGN MIS· Church, died at the Presbyterian Hos- SIONS ……….. JAMES '1'OOKER FORD 611 pital, New York, on July 5th.

METHODS FOR WORKERS ………. . Dr. Marquis suffered a stroke of par- . . . . . . . .EDITED BY MRS. F. l. JOHNSON 613 alysis two years ago and retired in 1930 as secretary of the Board of National WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BUL· Missions. LETIN ………………………. 615 Dr. Marquis was born in Dinsmore, WORLD·WIDE OU'l'LOOK …………. 621 Pa., Dec. 27, 1861, a son of James T. and BOOKS WORTH READING ………… 637 Mary C. Bucher Marquis. He was grad- uated from Washington and Jefferson TERMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 In clubs of College, which gave him the honorary five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, degree of LL.D. in 1910. He was grad- 25 cents. published monthly. Copyrighted, uated from Western Theol{)gical Semi- 1931, by :aIrs-srONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM- nary and in 1891 he became associate PANY, INC. All rights reserved. pastor of the First Presbyterian Church at Greensburg, Pa. In 1919 Dr. Mar- 1'HE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING quis made a missi{)nary journey to Alas- COMPANY, INC. ka as General Secretary of the Presby- terian Board of Home Missions, in which ROBIlRT E. SPEER.J President position he served from 1917 until 1923. VILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vicc-Prcs'ident He became Executive Secretary of the Board of National Missions at its forma- DBLAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary tion in 1923. Dr. Marquis was greatly WALTER McDouGALr., Treasurer loved and honored in his ability and Publication Office, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Christian character. Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. Editorial and Business Office, 156 Fifth Avenue, (Concluded on Third Cover.) New York City Entered as seeond·elass matter at the P08t Oftlce, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. I _• KOREA LET YOUR GIFT LAND of the DAWN to Foreign Missions By Dr. James Dale Van Buskirk PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME SeveTance &~ft::M~ti~;::~~Seoul. Kurea You can make a generous gift to foreign mis- A new day has come to Korea,and Christians must sions and have a needed income for yourself develop not only the country itself but the character and others from the money you give by the of the people.

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BOARD OF DIRECTORS Rev. William I. Chamberlain. D.D., President Mr. Delavan L. Pierson, Dr. Robert E. Speer, Vice Presidents Mrs. William Bancroft Hill, Honorary Vice President Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D.D., Field Secretary Dr. William' B. Anderson Miss Anna A. Milligan, Rec. Sec. Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Mrs. William Borden Mrs. James M. Montgomery Dr. Robert 'W. Searle Dr. James Cantine. Cor. Sec. Rev. Thomas S. Donohugh Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Treas. Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Dr. John H. Raven Mr. Fennell P. Turner Send your contributions to The Treasurer, 322 West 75th Street, New York City.

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LIV, No.8 August

THE NEW SPANISH REPUBLIC AND PROTESTANTISM BY DR. JUAN ORTS GONZALEZ, New York Editor oj uLa Nueva DcmoVYacia."

T HE editors of some New Church, is more responsible for this York dailies have taken this mob uprising than anything else. It new Spanish republic as a undoubtedly provoked the whole situakind of joke, similar to the first re- tion. public of 1873-74 which lasted a little more than a year and in that "We are not against the churches short time had four presidents and or the priests," said a sober Spansix cabinets. Some of the leading ish workingman. "We respect the facts which led to the establish- places of worship. But Cardinal ment of this second republic may Segura must be shown that he can- not interfere in politics. He must be of interest. keep his hands off the Republic." The republic of 1873-74 was es- Notwithstanding the fact that tablished by a few politicians but more than forty convents, monashad no root in the people of Spain. teries and churches were burned, This second republic has come to no friars, nuns or priests were life by a plebiscite representing all killed and only one or two of them regions, in an orderly and peaceful were slightly hurt by the crowd. election. More than ninety per In a similar uprising in 1834, more cent of the qualified voters went to than two hundred friars were killed the poles and, even in the district in Madrid alone. where the Royal Palace is located and in Toledo, where the ecclesias- Effects on Religious Liberty tics have such great influence, two- It is very improbable that the thirds voted for the Republic. present Spanish Republic will turn communistic. In the plebiscite the As to the recent mob uprising in two communist candidates in Mawhich many churches, convents drid received twelve votes each and and monasteries were burned, in Barcelona only a few hundreds. Senor de Madariaga says: The circular of the Segura, the The common classes of Spain are Archbishop of Toledo and Primate of very conservative, and because the Spain, in which he addressed the Cath- majority of workingmen have some olics of Spain and urged their support property, either a little house or a of candidates for public office who small piece of land, they abhor coro- would look out for the interests of the munism.

565

This new Spanish Republic of- an agreement between the nation fers to the Spanish Peninsula re- and Roma. At the same time he ligious freedom, separation of said that he expected the clergy to Church and State and full repre- bear in mind that Spain is no long- sentative government. The plebi- er a monarchy but a republic, and scite which established the Republic that they should behave as in other was made up of republicans and republican countries. The last en- socialists, both committed to the cyclical of the Pope condemning policies mentioned above. The first socialism, together with his in- decree of the provisional govern- structions to the Nuncio demand- ment with regard to religious free- ing indemnity for the church build- dom reads: ings burned, if insisted upon, will The provisional government makes compel the Republic to break rela- public its decision to respect most fully tions with Rome and to repeal the the individual conscience through free- Concordat.

dom of belief and worship, forbidding Senor Fernando de los Rios also the State on any occasion to ask of any gave to religious tolerance an irtcitizen to declare his religious convic- terpretation so wide as to mean altions. most complete religious freedom, The right-hand, and probably the the policy advocated by Prime Min- head of the present Republic, the ister Canalejas before he was as- Secretary of Justice (El Ministro sassinated. The true significance de Gracia y Justicia), Senor Fern- of this new interpretation can be ando de los Rios, in his latest books grasped only when one takes into El Sentido Humanista del Social- account the fact that until now re- ismo (The Humanistic Aspect of ligious tolerance has meant to the Socialism) and Religion y Estado Roman Catholic Church and the en la Espaiia del Siglo XVI (Re- conservative monarchists t hat ligion and the State in Spain in the Protestants could have no sign Sixteenth Century), outlines the whatsoever outside their churches same policies for Spain and dep- or chapels to indicate that there reciates the union of Church and was a Protestant center; no bells State and the endorsement of the to ring, not even a door opening on decrees of the Council of Trent as the public street. In the last years laws binding to Spain and Spanish of Primo de Rivera's dictatorship, colonies. He has been very fair in even the Protestant house meetings his appreciation of the Reforma- were suppressed in many towns be- tion and its implications as well as cause the mayors and governors of the implications of the Counter- considered such acts as public.

Reformation. Senor Fernando de los Rios took The plebiscite binds the Republic a further step. He secularized pub- to await the formation of Congress, lic cemeteries and burial places. It the only legislative and legal body has been very humiliating for Prot- capable of applying such policies in estants not to be able to bury their full. For that reason, Senor de dead in the public cemeteries, hav- los Rios, in his first interview with ing to use small adjoining places the Papal Nuncio in Madrid, de- where beasts and unbelievers were clared that the Republic would buried.

maintain the Concordat of 1851 When the Secretary of Justice until Congress decides otherwise as learned that the Roman Catholic

THE NEW SPANISH REPUBLIC AND PROTESTANTISM

Primate of Spain criticized the Re- ther and expel such religious orpublic from the pulpit, he sent word ders as are illegally established in to the Nuncio (the Spanish title of Spain. Until they were closed there the Ambassador of the Pope in Ma- were in Spain about five thousand drid) that either the Pope should convents and monasteries for friars and nuns. The friars and nuns have now left Spain or are living with their relatives or friends. It is the general opinion that those monas- teries and convents will not be opened before Congress meets, and that then they may be closed for- ever.

The Concordat, which is the only legal basis for admitting such or- ders, specifies that only three dif- ferent religious orders could be al- lowed legal existence in Spain and in some exceptional cases a fourth. Today there are more than one hundred and fifty different Roman Catholic religious orders in Spain.

A PROTESTANT CHURCH AND SCHOOL IN SPAIN punish the Primate or the govern- A CATHOLIC CATHEDRAL IN SPAIN ment would be compelled to discipline him. Several liberal governments have tried to reduce the religious orders The Secretary of Education has to three, but the Vatican has aldeclared that religious education ways protested and the ex-King shall not be compulsory in any gov- sided with the Vatican. ernment school, but it shall be given in primary schools when requested by parents. Until now the reverse has been the rule; religious education was compulsory, unless parents had their children excused. The Secretary of the Interior has ordered that no official of the government as such shall attend any religious service. The Secretary of VVar has stated that the soldiers are not compelled to attend Sunday mass, and that those who do attend shall go without arms.

Before Congress meets, the Republic will probably go even fur-

The most hated religious order is :Bearing on Latin America that of the Jesuits. The burning in But the greatest influence of the Madrid started by setting on fire new Republic will be in Latin the three Jesuit centers, the crowds America. So far all the great camthat set them on fire passing by paigns of the Roman Catholic Church to check Protestantism in many other convents and monas- Latin America and to present Protteries without attempting any estantism as something antithetic harm. It is reported by reliable to and destructive of the religion press correspondents that the Republic is considering the suppres- and culture of the Spanish-speaksion of the Jesuit Society in Spain ing countries, have been conducted and exiling its members. In the with the support of the five or six three religious orders named in the millions of Spaniards who are liv- Concordat, the Jesuits are not men- ing today in Latin America, and tioned. Their legal position can be established only as one of the cases who are aided by a few lecturers of that fourth exception. and writers from Spain.

In the national elections on June When the first Protestant Con- 28th, the conservative republicans gress on Christian Work in Latin and socialists obtained an over- America met in Panama in 1916, it was the Jesuit Spanish maga- zine, Razon y Fe, which pointed out whelming majority; only half a to Catholics the danger and peril dozen monarchists were elected, no (as they say) of Protestant propa- communist having thus far been ganda. When, afterwards, Protes- named. tant forces met in Montevideo in The Effect on the Protestants 1924, it was a group of Spaniards that published a big volume, Vio- The immediate effect on the Prot- lando la Clausum, to discredit the estant Church of Spain will be Protestant work. A prominent a greater publicity and a new life. Spanish Jesuit lecturer was also Emblems of Protestantism can now sent around to give lectures about be put on places of worship, with the Roman Catholic Church as op- permission of the government; posed to Protestant Christianity.

public manifestations and acts of Between the Protestant Congress- es in Panama and Montevideo, a worship can also take place. Spanish delegation, headed by a Spanish cardinal, Benlloch, visited Almost all the members of the several Spanish republics to warn Protestant churches are republic- them against Protestantism and to ans or socialists and Spanish social- coordinate the Catholic forces ism is more conservative than the against Protestant propaganda. Labor Party of England. Many leading socialists today, who oc- When Protestants gathered in cupy high positions in the present Havana in 1929, it was Spaniards government, have been for a long who, through La Revista Cat6lica time sympathizers with Protes- (published by Spanish Jesuits in tantism. It is not necessary to be a North America), Razon y Fe (pubprophet or the son of a prophet to lished by Jesuits in Madrid) and foresee that Spanish Protestant- through special lecturers, made ism will now receive fresh impetus great efforts to check the Protesand new life. tant influence and work.

The influence of the Republic in where, in the last analysis, something Spain, committed to religious free- external? Is not all substance, in the dom and separation of Church and last analysis, eternally the same? It is, State, will cause Spaniards in Latin above all, as a model of essential sub- America as well as in Spain to re- stance that Spain means something to act in favor of religious freedom. a Europe which takes such delight in change. In any case, it is only as sub- There have been only a few na- stance becomes reality that Spain has tional leaders in Latin America a European future of a new kind. who have sympathized with Prot- Not for nothing did the new rise of estantism, but now many Span- Spain-for she is incontrovertibly on iards will join them in their sym- the rise again-begin with the close of pathy. the age of progress. Thus may she, as essence, forever remain what she has World-Wide Significance always been.

We hope for even greater things. Later in his lectures in Latin We believe that in God's providence America, Madrid, Paris and Berlin, the hour is coming when, in the he stated that the era of machinery great crisis which the Christian is coming to an end; and that a Church is facing, the Spanish- and new era is looming in which the Portuguese-speaking countries, of Iberian people (men of Spain, Porboth Europe and Latin America, tugal, Brazil and other Spanishwill help to' give a fresh interpreta- speaking countries) will be the tion to Christianity. leaders, and personality and indi- viduality will take the place of ma- The real issue today is between chinery and standardization. the destruction of personality and individuality by such forces as I have not been surprised to read Bolshevism, communism, material- in the April issue of The World ism, industrialism, commercialism, Evangelization, the following: and standardization of life, on the one hand, and, on the other, the Count Keyserling, the eminent phipreservation of personality, indi- losopher and writer, recently said, "I viduality and religion which always prophesy that an Iberian period will have been the great ideals of the follow the North American one which Iberian peoples. we are witnessing. All that is most important for the future of humanity When Keyserling wrote his book is to be expected from Spaqish Amer- "Europe," he said of Spain: ica, which is ripening, and from Spain which is arising. Such a cultural cycle It has always been the same Span- is endowed with all the qualities necesiard: the Spaniard who, in primeval sary to supplement or overpower the times, created the glorious rock monu- onesidedness of North America, leanments; who, as Roman emperor, more ing, as she does, towards the mechanthan once ruled the world; who con- ical and technical without taking into quered the New World; who painted account the true meaning of human the great portraits; who fought for existence." If there is a grain of truth the faith; and who once more today, in these words of the distinguished through the lips of Miguel de Una- author of "Europe and America Set muno, proclaims with magnificent bias Free," they surely lay upon Evanthe gospel of tragedy and of agony. gelical Christians of this generation And when we bear in mind that very who appreciate their responsibilities few peoples have pa,ssed through so towards Christ and towards their felmany racial changes as those of the lowmen, obligations which cannot Iberian peninsula, we are compelled to lightly be discharged. ask ourselves: Is not change every-

LIBERTY IN NEW

BY WAYNE H. BOWERS, Woodstock, Va.

T HE following decree on reli- Article 2. No one, whatever may be gion has been promulgated by his connection with the State, is Alcala Zamora, president of obliged to take part in religious festi- the Spanish Republic, with the con- vals, ceremonies, practices and ob- sent of the cabinet, and on the pro- servances. posal of Fernando de los Rios, Min- Article 3. All confessions are auister of "Justice," the department thorized to maintain their services, to which religious matters belong. both in private and in public, without A preamble refers to the alliance aanrey iomthpeorselidmbityattihoensruthleasn athnodsethwe hliacwh of the monarchy and Roman Ca- of public order.

tholicism, which in former years has reduced attempts to better the Nobody familiar with conditions in catholic countries during past condition of dissenting faiths to the years win fail to note the overobtaining of "mere tolerance." The preamble disclaims any desire on whelming importance of these simthe part of the new government to ple articles. They will remove anwound the religious sensibilities of noyances and difficulties for those followers of Roman Catholicism, seeking "civil" marriage whether but asserts its desire to make all or not there is to be an evangelical confessions equal before the law. service afterwards. They will pro- It refers to the fact that religious tect evangelical recruits in the liberty is a fundamental article of army from annoyances. They will the Society of Nations; that it is protect both privates and officers in safeguarded in the constitutions of the army and navy who may not prevailingly Catholic countries, desire to attend the open-air such as Ireland, Poland and Bohe- masses which have heretofore been mia; that even Spain has hitherto obligatory. They will tend to immaintained, in Morocco, a regime prove conditions in the public of complete religious liberty far su- schools for children of evangelical perior to that which has existed families, who have been discrimiwithin Spain herself; and that Ro- nated against ever since a public man Catholicism always claims lib- school system has been in existerty for herself in lands where she ence. They will permit advertising does not enjoy a position of su- of evangelical schools, services and places of worship, both in the press premacy. Mter this preamble, in dignified and by means of placards or other and beautiful Spanish, come the permanent announcements on the outer walls of churches, schools and following articles: other centers of Protestant activ- Article 1. No one, in any act of ity. service, or because of any relation with the State, is obliged to declare his reli- Above all, this decree marks the gion. Therefore both civil and mili- disappearance of the unendurable situation in which evangelical work ~ary.officials will abstain from making mqUlry regarding the religious beliefs has found itself, due to the clause winhicthhereCadosn:sti"tNutoiopnu, blAicrtmicanleife1s1~ of whoever may appear before them or may be subordinate to them.

570 tation of dissenting faiths will be clared members, would at once be allowed." That clause left it to the freed from the stigma of "heresy" personal judgment of officials, who which has weighed so heavily might be and almost always were against it for centuries, and would hostile, to determine what sort of a surely make considerable gains in thing was "public." For instance, the near future. a meeting held in a private home, attended by a small number of peo- As indicating the extent of the ple, but whose singing was audible abuses. which have grown up under to persons passing along the side- the old system of an official church, walk in front of the house, was held mention might be made of a custom to be a "public" manifestation of a whereby certain images of the Virdissenting religion, and heavy fines gin Mary, notably one called the were imposed by a hostile magis- "Pilarica" in the City of Zaragoza, trate under the control of the have been granted the rank of capclergy. All such danger is now re- tain-general in the Spanish army, moved. The way is opened also for together with the salary attached mass meetings in large rented halls to such an office, which salary has or theaters, and for open sale of been regularly paid out of the na- Bibles and other evangelical litera- tional treasury to the cathedral in ture, with abundant advertising which the image is kept. and without vexatious interfer- Alcala Zamora, the president, is ence. a sincere Catholic. He is, of course, It is confidently hoped that, as not a "regular" one, since to be Catholic and to be liberal at the soon as the new Congress is elected same time is a contradiction in and meets, complete separation of terms. He has been severely critichurch and State will be voted. cized for his leniency in dealing There will be sustained opposition with Cardenal Segura, Archbishop to this, but probably not sufficient of Toledo and ranking prelate in to prevent it. Spain, in merely banishing him from Spain for a sermon preached The direct and indirect results of in the cathedral, in which he openly such a separation are too numerous cursed the Republic, instead of jailto be discussed in this short article. ing him and prosecuting him for It might be indicated, however, disturbing the peace, as was done that in the first place, and in the to several generals recently. opinion of a number of her own leaders, the Roman Catholic Many conflicting statements have Church would gain in spirituality; been made with regard to the burnfrom really having to pay her ing of convents and churches a few priests out of her own pockets in- weeks after the establishment of stead of from the national treas- the republic. Photographs pubury; from being practically com- lished in Spanish papers indicate pelled to turn her attention from clearly that no violence was offered politics to religion; and from los- to inmates of the convents. On the ing a large number of adherents contrary, they were cared for, espewhose loyalty has been forced and cially the aged nuns, by crowds in unwilling. In addition to that re- the surrounding streets. There are sult evangelical Christianity, which some indications that the buildings even now has thousands of hidden were fired from within. sympathizers in addition to its de- Rev. Elias B. Marques, pastor of

a Protestant church at Santander, Interesting sidelights on the presunder the American Board, him- ent situation are these. The new self the son of a former pastor, a mayor of the City. of Zaragoza man who has recently turned down (150,000 inhabitants) is a former a flattering offer made him by lib- pupil of the Protestant day-school eral elements in that city to nomi- in that city and a friend and well nate and elect him a member of the wisher of evangelicals. The new mayor of San Sebastian (60,000) city council, writes as follows: is a republican lawyer who has on several occasions pleaded the cause It seems to be established that the of evangelicals in that strongly burning of the convents on May 11th was due to a maneuver of the mon- Jesuit city. The Secretary of the archists, in which the religious orders Treasury in the new cabinet, Inthemselves were complicated. It is dalecio Prieto, is a former pupil of possible that there is much truth in the evangelical schools in Bilbao (200,000), a close friend of a forthat, since many indications tend to mer pastor there, and for many corroborate the supposition. But it is years editor of the only really libalsQ undeniable that in the midst of it eral paper in that important indusall there was a sort of public feeling, trial city. As such he has written which the people wished to make very many articles and published many clear to the authorities, to the effect others written by evangelicals, inthat they were governing too gently. cluding the writer of this sketch, . . . I believe that the burning of the defending the rights and explainconvents and cathedrals marked an ele- ing the ideas of Protestants. This ment of deep discontent on the part of sort of thing, the occupying of imthe people with the tolerance and gen- portant positions by friends of tleness of the new government. Also it Protestantism, is going on all over should not be forgotten that there is the country. in the immense majority of the Spanish people an ardent desire, and a very It is to be hoped that, with greatold desire, that the religious orders ly increased facilities for popular (convents) should disappear, with the education under the new Spanish sole exception of such orders as are public school system, with greater "concordated." That is what the peo- contact with the outer world on the ple were expecting. And when they part of many intelligent Spaniards, saw that time was passing and nothing with the examples of Germany, was being done along that line, they Turkey and even China in republifelt defrauded in their hopes. Add to can achievements, with the abuses that the fact that the clericals became of the recent military dictatorship bolder and several bishops began to still fresh in the popular mind, speak openly against the republic and with a great majority supporting its "dangers," and that the government merely requested them to leave the Republic and with men of far Spain whereas the people would have greater ability and experience conpreferred that those bishops had been ducting it, the new regime may indicted and jailed, just as were sev- wisely and courageously maintain eral generals and politicians involved itself and give to the noble Spanish in the abuses of the former monarchy. nation a liberal government and The real "battle-horse" (point in bit- above all an atmosphere of genuine terest dispute) is the interests of the religious freedom which they have Roman Catholic Church. The people so long lacked. desire to see it separated from the State and very much limited in its political functions.

DR.' 'l' OYOHIKO KAGAWA AND DR. CHENG CHIN(l-YI TN

THE CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN CHINA IN 1931 * BY DR. C. Y. CHENG, Shanghai, China General Becr eta.ry oj the NuHmwl O'hrJ8tian Oouncil in Chi na- and- Moaf7ra·tor oJ the Church 0/ Ghrist in China A SPIRITUAL tug of war has awakening: to fall asleep again been and is still going on in or to become fully awake and alive China, as in the whole world, to all that is going on around.

between the Christian and the anti- Which is a truer picture of the Christian forces. Such a tug of Christian Church in China? Upon war has always been raging, but the answer to this question, one the present seems to have been can fairly determine the future of more severe and acute. The peace the Christian Church in China.

of the Church has been badly dis- Causes of Unrest. – Many eleturbed. It is not always a bad ments are responsible for this unthing to have one's peace dis- rest, elements both from within turbed. It often is a positive bless- and from without the Christian ing when one has been aroused Church. The Nationalistic Movefrom slumber. When a church is ment, the outcry against the sowell contented with itself, when called Unequal Treaties, the intelthere are signs of self-complacency, lectual and social awakening, the it is a blessing for the church to be restrictions imposed by the Govdisturbed and aroused. There are ernment upon Christian education, two possible results of such an are matters that have greatly dis- • Presr.nted at the BIennial Meeti ng of tb e turbed the peace of the Christian Natioll ll l ' Christian Council, Hnngchow, April 10·18, 193 1. Church. Within the Church itself, 573

there has been developed a critical China is emerging out of chaos, but attitude regarding many of the this new China does not seem to prom- ise much bright future to the propaga- Church's practices and traditions, tion of the Christian faith. On the especially by the younger elements contrary, Christianity is facing opof the Christian community. The position everywhere. The dream of a findings of the enlarged meeting "Christian Occupation of China" seems of the International Missionary to be fast vanishing, probably forever. Council held in Jerusalem in 1928, We must not forget that Chinese phifindings on the Christian Message, losophy began 2,500 year-s ago, with a on religious education and a num- Laotze who taught a naturalistic con- ber of other important subjects ception of the universe, and a Con- that have far-reaching significance fucius who was frankly an agnostic.

and effect; the launching of the This rationalistic and humanistic tra- Five Year Movement by the dition has always played the part of a churches throughout the country, liberator of a superstitious or fanatic which seeks for the deepening of religion. This cultural background of the spiritual life and the intensify- indigenous China is now revived with ing of the evangelistic spirit of all a new reinforcement of the methods who name the name of Jesus and conclusions of modern science and Christ; lately the Laymen's In- becomes a truly formidable safeguard of the intellectual class against the im- quiry which has sent experts as a position of any religious system whose Fact-Finding Commission to criti- fundamental dogmas, despite efforts cally and scientifically investigate of its apologist, do not always stand the work of missions in China with the test of reason and science; and a view to evaluate the worth of after all, Christianity itself is fighting modern mission methods; these its last battle even in the so-called and others have certainly been ele- Christendoms. People will realize that ments that have something to do young China was not far wrong in with the awakening of the Chris- offering some opposition to a religion tian Church. which in its glorious days fought re- ligious wars and persecuted science Christianity Challenged. – The and which, in the broad daylight of the opposing forces against Christian- twentieth century, prayed for the vic- ity in China have never been so tory 'Of the belligerent nations in the bold and positive in their denunci- World War, and is still persecuting the ations and criticisms. They make teaching of science in certain quarters no secret of what they think of of Christendom.

Christianity. They openly assert The spiritual tug of war will go that the Christian religion has no on without ceasing. Those opposed future in China. Let us reiterate to Jesus Christ have a right to their the words of the one who was opinion, though we do not accept largely responsible for the New their assertions. Our question is Thought Movement in China re- not what they but what we think, garding the future of Christianity say or believe about the future of in China. the Christian religion. If both our Many of the Protestant missionaries faith and experience make us abworked hard to awaken China and solutely convinced that in the end bring about a modern nation. China victory will be on the side of is now awakened and determined to Christ, we have to uphold that modernize itself. There is not the faith by sacrificial effort in His slightest doubt that a new and modern

THE CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN CHINA IN 1931

great work of salvation for the good effects. Notable mention may whole of mankind. be made of the famine relief work done by Christian people in China A Turning Point.-The past few years in the life of the Christian and abroad for the suffering mil- Movement in China have been lions in the northwest of China, eventful. For a time there was a specially Kansu, Shensi and Suispiritual depression that was felt yuan. far and wide. Many were uncertain of the future, and were dis- The visits of Dr. Kagawa, of heartened in the work; some have Japan, were an indication of the given up their Christian work, Church's interests in social welothers even renounced Christian- fare. This modern Christian saint ity. The Church was overwhelmed of the Orient visited Hangchow, by the onrush of opposition from Shanghai, Soochow, Tsinan and many quarters and representing Weihsien, where he met with great many interests. The anti-Christian crowds of both missionaries and Movement, the Communistic men- native workers who listened to his ace, the Nationalistic agitation, words. In this man of God one the New Thought Movement, the sees the happy combination of perstrained international relations, all have something to 9,0 with it. sonal religion and social passion. However, the spirit of dismay and It was certainly inspiring when he bewilderment has passed. Since then a changed attitude from in- declared the great truth that the ertia to activity has come over the Cross of Christ is the essence of Christian Church throughout the Christianity, the expression of country. The following points may God's love. Many left his meetings be regarded as signs of life in the more determined to work for the Christian Church during the past poor and needy.

two years. The N. C. C. Committee on Eco- Christian Nurture.-Evangelism nomic Relations has recently held an interesting conference to conand religious education have received much attention of Christian sider practical measures for helppeople throughout the land. There ing the economic conditions of the is an increased recognition of the Chinese people. Delegates came inseparableness of the two. Both from many cities to participate in native talents and special workers this gathering and went away from abroad have helped much in keener than before for the uplift direct evangelism. It would be im- of the common people. There are possible to enumerate these efforts. Suffice it to say effective work has a number of Christian or semibeen done in many churches for Christian organizations who are which we give thanks to God….. devoting their time and energy in facing some of the more urgent Social Consciousness.-It is grat- social problems, such as the Womifying to note that the Church en's Christian Temperance Union, has been kept busy during the past the Child Welfare Association, the two years in practical projects for National Anti-Opium Association the unfortunate and the suffering people. Many forms of applied re- and the Mass Education Movement are some of the representative orligion have been attempted with ganizations whose good work has aroused a good deal of public sym- pathy and admiration.

The Hope for the Future. – It

has been generally realized that a ception of the Chi~ese people bases big gap exists between the Church their national life upon the family.

and youth. Some would even say Unfortunately, to no small extent that there is a strong antagonism among Christians, the central po- between the two. While to a cer- sition has been shifted from the tain extent this is still true, one home to the Church. While no one is happy to note that a spirit of wishes to minimize the importance cooperation between Church and of the great Christian fellowship youth is gradually gaining ground. that we call the Church, it is still We are very happy for this new lamentable to weaken the position attitude which, if developed, will of the home. It is high time to enrich the life and work of both recover this great loss and realize parties in no small way. again that it is the home for the A group of Christian and gov- training of religious life of the ernment students recently signified young rather than either the their definite desire to cooperate Church or the school, however with the Christian Church in some great may be the services of these practical and definite projects. two important institutions.

Plans are being made for a joint In recent years there seems to summer conference in North China have awakened a new consciousness which will be the beginning of among the people of the impor- even greater cooperation in the tance of the home, and much days to come. thought and attention have been Provisions are being made for given to efforts for the Christiani- representative students and stu- zation of the home life of China.

dent leaders to have a definite The observance of a special Home share in the work of the Christian Week among Christian people, the Church so as to form a practical holding of a Leaders' Conference beginning which may later be to consider problems affecting the widened and enlarged until the home, the preparation and distri- youth finds his rightful place in the bution of literature in various affairs of the Christian Movement forms relating to problems of the in China. In like manner, some home have been universally re- church bodies have taken similar ceived with delight and enthusi- steps to usher in the practical coop- asm. In not a few of the Christian eration of the young men and periodicals special space has been women to take part in the impor- given to matters relating to the tant decisions in the Christian home. That in this endeavor we Movement. The decisions of the are touching one of the main Church of Christ in China in such springs of the life of China, is a matters may be taken as an illus- fact that can hardly be doubted.

tration of this new spirit and at- "Go to the People." – It is a titude for a definite cooperation healthy sign in recent years that between Church and youth. people both within the Christian The Backbone of China.-Prob- Church and those outside it are ably no people in the world lay paying a good deal of attention to greater stress on the central place fighting against illiteracy in this of the home than the Chinese. The country. It is not too much to say family is the backbone of the na- that this formidable enemy of tional life of China. The old con- China is blocking the way of prog-

ress in the development of both the Church is determined to fight this nation and the Church. It is not evil to a successful issue.

one day too soon that the Christian This great problem is in many Church is beginning to get serious ways in touch with the larger prob- about this matter. lem of the rural life in China. The Happily both the Mass Educa- popular outcry in China today is tion Movement at Tinghsien and to "go to the people," and the peothe successful experiment of the ple are to be found in the country American Board Mission at Paot- as the bulk of China's population live in villages and small towns. ing have greatly helped the Chris- To tackle the rural problem is tian Church as a whole in inspira- certainly an important point of tion and methods of handling this strategy, whether it is considered gigantic problem. The National from the point of view of the na- Christian Council was happy in tion or of the Church. having secured the services of the Rev. H. W. Hubbard for this par- The Greatest Book in the World. ticular line of work in connection -It is not far wrong to say that with the Five Year Movement. more literature has been published The institute held at Tinghsien last in China in recent years against spring has ,encouraged a number the Christian religion than in all the past years since Protestant of church workers to take definite steps in seeking for the elimination Christianity first touched China's of illiteracy from their churches and neighborhood. The Baptist soil. There has never been such Church in Shantung has appointed five secretaries for this purpose an intelligent and determined atwho are in charge of some 150 classes in Shantung. Excellent ef- tack upon the Christian position. fects have followed. If the Christian Church is really in earnest Yet it is equally true that the cirabout this matter, it is not impossible to have illiteracy greatly re- culation of the Christian Bible in duced, if not totally removed, within a few years, at least from the China in recent years has also been Christian Church in China. This means that the Bible will become singularly successful. The report an open Book to every person who has sworn his or her allegiance to of the circulation of the Bible by Jesus Christ. Think of the blessings and possibilities of a Bible- the three Bible Societies in China reading Church for China! It is yet, h:nvever, too early to predict for the last two years clearly how successful this attempt will be, for it largely depends upon the showed the fact that the Word of question whether or not we really mean business. We are thankful God is being more widely read in China today than ever before. Ac- cording to the figures given by these societies, close to 26,000,000 copies of the Bible, or portions of it, have been circulated which showed a more remarkable increase than all the preceding years. Moreover, the Chinese version of the Bible has been more appreciated by non- Christian scholars in this country than in former years. Such well- known scholars aosthCehrsowhaTvzeo-jreen~ Hu Shih, and for the measure of success that has marked that the translation of the already been attained. But there Bible is an excellent piece of work.

is much work ahead still, if the This is not noticeable as in contrast 2

with the attitude taken by scholars What is the Christian message for in the past who had no good word China today and how is that message to say about the Bible. It was a to be presented? book beneath their dignity to read. No truer words have ever been What are the reasons for the scarsaid by General Chang Chih-chiang city of intelligent and educated young than those words printed in large men for the Christian ministry and gold letters on the covers of the leader,ship and how are we to secure, specially bound Bibles the general train, utilize and keep such leaders for ordered from the American Bible Christian services? Society for his Christian and non- Christian friends, "This is the When and by what methods will the greatest Book in the world!" ministry of the printed page have its rightful place in the program of the Unsolved Problems. – These are Christian enterprise in this country? some of the encouraging signs in the Christian Movement in China What do we understand is religious during the past two years. They liberty and how is it to be attained and indicate that the Church is develop- safeguarded?

ing along healthier lines. Allowing What is our duty in international refuller growth and development, lations between China and the nations they will mean untold possibilities of the West, especially of the Orient? for the future. It must, however, be recognized that we are still at How far do Christian people in the beginning of things. A great China understand and practice the deal more of sacrificial work and meaning of stewardship and what are wholehearted devotion are neces- the practical methods in realizing selfsary before we may expect fruitful support? results. However, we are thankful for these beginnings and pray that How may we avoid the unhealthy the Spirit of God will direct and in- attitude of intolerance and what place spire us to aim at nothing less than does tolerance hold in the life of Christhe best. Let the proverb, "The tians. good is the enemy of the best," be the slogan on the lips of each Chris- How far are we committed to the tian in China. There is no reason Church-centric ideal and are we honfor an unhealthy contentment and estly applying it in actual practice? satisfaction. Not only are we far from the goal that is before us, but Do we realize our supreme need is a we still have in our midst a number spiritual one and that the Christian of problems that are almost un- Church has no future in China unless touched, each one of which involves our lips are touched by the life-coal great possibilities either for good from the altar of God and the dry or evil. We can only make mention bones are vitalized by the breath of of them in the hope that more time, God's spirit? thought, energy and prayer may be given to them at the earliest pos- These and other problems are sible moment. staring right into our eyes, await- ing a definite answer. Looking at Let the following questions be the situation of the Christian reasked: ligion in China today, we cannot fail to realize the greatness of the task and our inability to undertake it. We seem to hear again the word of the Psalmist, "Who is sufficient for these things?" But there is also the reassuring word of our Lord, "With God all things are possible." Let us march forward in the strength of Him who is "the same yesterday, today, and for ever!"

NEW MISSIONARY

A Study of the Need for Revising Presbyterian Foreign Mission Policies and Methods at the Lakeville Missionary Conference BY THE EDITOR SAFE and sane, rather than rad- the new secretary and chairman ical and revolutionary, are the of the Committee on Arrangewords that characterize the ments; Dr. J. Ross Stevenson, Presbyterian Missionary Confer- president of Princeton Theological ence held at Lakeville, June 20-30, Seminary and a member of the 1931. It was a study of Foreign Board, and Dr. Lewis R. Mudge, Missions, policies and progress, the present moderator of the As- somewhat similar to the annual sembly.

Williamstown Conference on Inter- Eight delegates came from the national Policies. Eleven years ago "younger churches" on the mission a "Post-War Missionary Confer- fields. This was an advance over ence" was held in Princeton, New the Princeton Conference, eleven Jersey, and some important poli- years ago, when there were none cies were adopted as to the gov- present. Dr. Cheng Ching-Yi, mod- ernment of missions, the field erator of the Church of Christ in administration, woman's place in China and secretary of the China missions, salaries and furloughs, Christian Council and Rev. Hsueh the relation of the Church on the Ging Chang, of the North China field to the Mission, and as to coop- Theological Seminary were able eration and union. The Lakeville and constructive representatives Conference was forward looking of the 900,000 Protestant Chinese and forward moving-step by step Christians; Rev. S. N. Talib-ud- rather than by leaps and bounds. Din, professor in the Theological Many of the findings were pegs to Seminary at Saharanjur and Rai keep us from slipping back; others Bahadu N. K. Mukerji, an elder were stakes set ahead to mark the in the Church at Allahabad, ef- line of progress. fectively represented the United The personnel of the Conference Church of North India; Rev. Ku- was extremely interesting. Of the metaro Sasao, Ph.D., dean of 152 who attended the Princeton Meiji Gakuin, Tokyo, was a most meeting ,only twenty-five, includ- acceptable delegate for the Church ing eight missionaries, were among in Japan; Rev. In Choon Kim, pas- the two hundred delegates pres- tor of the Church in Pyengyang ent at Lakeville. There were four spoke well for the Christians of moderators or former moderators Korea; Rev. Stephen Kyoobyar, of of the General Assembly. These Tabriz brought us the viewpoint included Dr. Charles R. Erdman, of Christians in Persia; Rev. Er- the president of the Board who asmo Braga, D.D., was an ideal presided over the conference with representative of the Church in his usual courtesy, geniality and Brazil and Rev. Leonardo Dia, pas- skill; Dr. Robert E. Speer, the tor of the Church at Albay, repre- senior executive secretary of the sented the Philippines.

Board; Dr. Cleland B. McAfee, The ninety missionaries present 579

came from fifteen foreign coun- of the groups were considered, tries and twenty-six Presbyterian modified and adopted by the whole missions and represented 1,491 conference. Now they are to be missionaries of the Church. They submitted to the various missions included men and women of wide and to the Board at home and will experience and large achievement become fully operative when ap- -Dr. O. R. Avison, founder of the proved by the General Assembly.

Christian College of Chosen and The Lakeville Conference was the Severance Medical College in broadly educational and truly in- Seoul; Rev. and Mrs. Arthur E. spirational. It was characterized Harper, of the famous Moga Mis- by friendliness more than by criti- sion School, North India; Dr. Ed- cism. Little fault was found with ward M. Haymaker, of Guatemala, the past but much faith was felt who went to Latin America nearly for the future. The delegates dis- fifty years ago; Dr. and Mrs. A. cussed the varied work in Africa, K. Reischauer, of the Woman's Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia, Bra- Christian College, Tokyo; Dr. zil, Venezuela, Chile, Syria, Persia, Ralph C. Wells, of the China Mis- Mesopotamia, India, Siam, the sion Council and Dr. Samuel M. Philippines, China, Japan and Zwemer, the apostle to the Mos- Chosen. As the extent and variety lems, now a 'professor at Princeton. of the work were described, the There were also over forty pas- problems, the needs and the vast tors, laymen and women represent- untouched multitudes, all were im- ing the American Church-most pressed with the greatness of the of them widely influential in keep- task and the opportunity before ing missionary fires burning at the Church. Reports of the inade- home. quacy and failure of non-Christian The ten days in the charming religions, of materialism or intel- New England home of the Hotch- lectualism to meet human needs, kiss Preparatory School for Boys and the testimony of men of many were filled with delightful Chris- races as to the satisfaction and tian fellowship and inspiration and the power found in Christ, revealed with constarit attention to the busi- the supreme importance of Chris- ness of the Kingdom. After stimu- tian evangelism.

lating addresses on the aim and The many problems' and the spirit of the conference by Dr. many ways in which the work is Speer, Dr. McAfee and Dr. Erd- carried on – through preaching, man, the conference early divided Bible and tract distribution, house- into five groups to consider in de- to-house visitation, teaching, train- tail and to bring in Findings as to ing workers, medical and social the (1) work of world evangel- work, the preparation and distri- ism; (2) the educational, medical, bution of literature and the forma- social and literatUre branches; (3) tion and development of the Church the relation between the missions in each field-impressed all with and the churches on the field; (4) the vast variety offered in the mis- executive administration; and (5) sionary enterprise.

the promotion of missions in the Among the most encouraging home Church. The discussions features of the conference were, were based on recommendations first, the progress noted in the from the fields and the findings "younger churches" in the field to- '

FORMING NEW MISSIONARY POLICIES

ward self-government, self-exten- dations from the mlSSlOns and sion and self-support. While the churches on the field were connumber of foreign missionaries sidered and while the "younger have remained almost stationary churches" did not gain all they dein the past ten years, the number sire in representation on mission of communicant members has in- councils and in the control of funds creased thirty per cent and the re- furnished by the home church, ported gifts from churches in the they were encouraged to assume field fifty per cent. There have all the responsibility and independalso been several notable move- ence they are willing and able to ments for church union in Japan, carry and were promised generous China and India. These union and wise help in establishing inmovements make it impossible to digenous churches. In every field compare figures accurately. where these churches are growing the plans recommended will, if Another encouraging feature of carried out, make most of them the conference was the emphasis independent of mission councils at placed on the prime importance of the time of the next decennial conevangelism, or personal witness to ference. Christ, in every branch of the work. This echoes the sentiment 2. To the missionaries and misof workers in the mission fields. It sions on the field the conference was recommended at the confer- brought encouragement because of ence that the responsibility of ev- the closer and more understanding ery missionary for personal evan- fellowship with the Board execugelism be stressed, and that only tives and with the Church at the those be sent out whose aim and home base. The true unity of the qualifications fit them to be per- work and the workers was evident. sonal workers to win men and Missionaries go to the front with women to Christ as preaching the assurance that able, faithful evangelists, teaching evangelists, and self-sacrificing executives are medical evangelists, social evan- at home to do an in their power to gelists, etc. This does not mean support them and to make their less effective work in schools, hos- work effective. pitals or other institutions but it does mean more stress on so "liv- 3. The Church in America was ing, working and speaking that ably represented at the conference the whole purpose will be to lead by pastors, women and laymen and men and women to p'ersonal ac- will feel the challenge of the treceptance of Christ and full com- mendous and important unfinished mitment to Him." The forward task before us. At least 200,000,- Christian movements in Japan, 000 of the unevangelized are the China and elsewhere were noted allotted field to the Presbyterian with thanksgiving. Church, U. S. A. We may also be encouraged by the vision of what The conference will mean much has already been done, as seen in to workers in all lines of mission- types of Christians who are becom- ing leaders of the Church on the ary service. field, by the devotion and calibre 1. To the churches in the mis- of missionaries who represent us abroad and by the statesmanship sion fields it carries a message of confidence from the Church in North America. Recommen-

and consecration of the executives as that at Lakeville, the word of on the Board. emphasis goes out. Overwhelming, 4. While these executives fully world-wide, colossal-these adjec- recognize the difficulties and ex- tives are none too strong. The tent of the work with which they home Church must know this.

are entrusted, they will have been Then it will give better and pray impressed at Lakeville with the more urgently.

consciousness that they are not 2. The home Church will also carrying the responsibility alone. rejoice at the earnestness of its The missionaries, the Church in missionary force. This is not new, the field and the Church at home but the emphasis will be renewed.

are working with them and are Here were about ninety ambassa- ready to follow their leadership. dors of Christ, back on furlough, Above all the leadership and power and all on fire for the great Cause.

of God is evident and the promise The hills about Lakeville will not of Christ that accompanied His hold back the flood of loyalty great commission is day by day and love and spiritual enthusiasm being fulfilled. His arm is not which this group represents. These shortened and His presence and men and women will pour into the power are manifest in every land home Church a stream of new in- whither His ambassadors have spiration and power. And because gone. of that, there will no doubt be a response in the form of greater WHAT THE HOME CHURCH interest, more earnest prayer, and MAY EXPECT nobler sacrifice. Even in these By THE REV. FREDERICK W. BACKEMEYER, times of depression next year's to- D.D., Gary, Indiana tal gifts ought to show an advance PfNltor of the Ji'ir8t PrC8blltcrian Ohurch because these missionary person- Pastors who were present at the alities are with us.

Lakeville Missionary Conference 3. The Findings of the Lakeville will interpret that gathering in Conference will probably never their own way to the churches they reach the Church at large. They serve, and as they have oppor- are too massive in their content to tunity, to the Church at large. The be so used. And yet, the effect of following points seem to be quite these vital Findings will be felt.

clear, and ought to bear upon the The policies adopted are so varied home Church in a vital way. and so implicatory that the wisdom 1. The home Church must real- which incorporated them into defi- ize what a tremendous piece of nite proposals is bound to "spill business our Board of Foreign over" into the home Church, and Missions is carrying on. How can will surely affect other related poli- the Church know the elaborate ma- cies in America.

chinery and the large personnel As the home Church becomes necessary to do the work? The more and more familiar with the remedy would be simple. Get every- various phases of the Foreign Mis- body to attend such a conference! sion task, she will more effectively Then they will know. But the order her own household, as indeed home Church will increasingly she needs to do. The Church looks learn of the vastness of the under- to the Board of Foreign Missions taking as, from gatherings such for the highest type of spiritual

statesmanship, a clear grasp of a deep sense of consecration and world conditions, the far vision, resolution regarding the future.

and practical plans as to progress. Many who were present said in As the Jerusalem Conference was their hearts, "Revive Thy work, 0 felt, so Lakeville will be felt also. Lord, beginning 'from' me!" Will 4. The restless, irrepressible de- the home Church catch this note of sire for a great "forward move- Lakeville and stress it also? Every ment" was voiced repeatedly. The department of our Christian enter- calls for advance came from mis- prise must be "geared in" so that sionaries, staff and Board mem- from each contact made there shall bers, and from the representatives go the clear note of the proclaimed of the churches on the fields. Who Christ, the direct appeal to per- could forget the very earnest pleas sonal allegiance to Him, the ur- made by Dr. Cheng Ching-yi and gency of accepting Him as Saviour others as they repeatedly asked for and Lord. This is the great giving advance. "Revive Thy work, 0 motive of missions in the home Lord, beginning from me!" Not Church, and the renewed emphasis only "in" me, but "from" me. The upon evangelism will react favor- home Church can hardly miss hear- ably in every direction.

ing the echoes of that call. Perhaps it is not too much to 5. The presence of nine outstand- hope that Lakeville will prove an- ing leaders of national churches in other "haystack" prayer meeting, the field will have a profound ef- where many a heart has gained a fect upon the home Church. In new estimate of the full meaning them we hear the voices of China, of the Great Commission! And of India, of Japan and Korea, of that attitude will be reflected in the Philippines, Persia and Latin the home Church, for it is of the America. And they are clear voices, essence of that consecration to God strong in conviction. They are liv- and His kingdom that lays hold ing witnesses of what the Gospel upon the promise that He will make can do among the intelligent people "His angels winds, and His min- of other lands. They are keen, isters a flame of fire." Will the thinking men. They are also the home Church be kindIed?

very best evidence of the growing strength of the Foreign Mission WHAT THE CONFERENCE WILL program, and its effectiveness in MEAN TO MISSIONARIES setting up National Churches. By THE REV. W. M. MILLER, 6. The heart of the conference Tabriz, Persia was tender whenever the central What the Lakeville Missionary note of the missionary program Conference may mean to the mis- was sounded, viz., evangelism. sionaries on the field can best be an- From the first presentation by Dr. swered at the conference of 1941.

Speer, in which he voiced the We believe that God's spirit will "deep concern" of many thought- lead the whole missionary force of ful people concerning this chiefest the Church forward as the repre- of all the varied appeals of the sentatives of the missions were led Gospel message, to his last words at Lakeville. We confidently ex- as he closed the final session, there pect that the work in all fields will was a growing sense of penitence be influenced in the following ways: over the failures of the past, and 1. The Conference sounded a

DELEGA'l'ES FROM THE CHURCH IN THE FIEI,D. AT '['HE LAKEVILLE CONFERENCE Standing~Mr. Mukerji (No. India); Rev. Tulih -ud -Din (Punjab); Dr. Cheng (Chinn); Hev. I-l. G. Chang (China); Df'an Sasan (Japan); Hey. I. C. Kim (Chosen).

Seated-Rev. L. Din (PhilipVillPS); Rev. Stephen Kruobyar (Persia); Dr. Braga (Brazil).

note of confidence and hope which need. For this reason there was will give new heart to missionaries no note of pessimism or defeatism in all lands. Not once did anyone in any of the proceedings. The question the adequacy of Jesus anti-Christian forces, which are Christ to meet all the needs of operating so powerfully in all mankind. Not once was it suggest- parts of the world today, were ed that anyone could add anything faced squarely throughout the Conto Christ, or that anyone other ference, yet there was no feeling than He could satisfy the deepest that these can thwart God's good needs of the individual or of the purpose as revealed in Christ. race. Nor was there any suggestion On the other hand it was con- that there should be retrenchment fidently affirmed by all that "Our because of the economic depression message is Christ and our end is in America. Rather it was the con- Christ." The members of the con- viction of the missionaries, home ference know, as few other groups pastors, and members and secreknow, the best and the worst in the taries of the Boare!, that the only beliefs and life of the non-Chris- right course is an advance along tian world. All were of one mind the whole line. that none of the world's religions is adequate to meet the world's 2. The Conference laid special need. Christ is sufficient for every stress on evangelism. This will undoubtedly speed up this primary

WHAT THE CONFERENCE WILL MEAN TO MISSIONARIES

work of missions in every depart- and most necessary step toward ment. The fact was emphasized solving our problems and realizing that all missionaries should be our ideals." The church of Christ evangelists, and that "the Gospel in China has taken for its slogan is to be proclaimed and Jesus in its Five Year Movement the Christ to be made known not by prayer, "Lord, send a revival, beword or deed, but by word and ginning from me." If the churches deed, that preaching Christ and in all lands unite in this prayer, and living Christ are not to be disso- use the means which God has prociated, that truth and life go to- vided. a mighty spiritual awakengether and that this union is to be ing will come, not only in the vaeffected not by having some mis- rious lands where our missionaries sionaries who only preach and are working, but throughout the other missionaries who only heal world. and teach, but by having all missionaries communicate the Gospel THE CONFERENCE AND THE by both deed and word." CHURCH IN THE FIELD It was urged that in all our work we should aim, not merely to By RAI N. K. MUKERJI, Allahabad, India "make a gain, but to make a goal." We should keep ever before us the Tremendous changes have taken goal of world evangelization, and place all over the world since the use all our resources to achieve Great War. The spirit of restthat as speedily as possible. What- lessness is not satisfied with the ever else we may accomplish, we "old order." Even the proverbial can be contented with .nothing less "sleepy" East is very much awake. than full obedience to our Lord's command to "preach the Gospel to The churches in the mission field every creature." To accomplish have not been left untouched by this task we shall labor in hearty this spirit and it is obvious that the and joyous cooperation with our time has arrived when Christian brethren in the "younger churches" missionary societies and National in the various lands. It was urged Churches should make such modifithat the support and work of local cations in their policies and methchurches be taken over as soon as ods as will enable them to continue possible by the National Churches, their work for the Kingdom in a and that the missionary resources manner worthy of the cause. be released for advance evangelistic work. The Lakeville Conference de- clared that there is still tremendous 3. The Conference also sounded need for proclaiming more widely a call to prayer which we trust and effectively the principles and will result in a great revival in all ideals of our Lord Jesus Christ. parts of the world. "We desire to Much still remains to be done. A reaffirm our faith in the power and forward-looking pro g ram has, efficacy of prayer and our convic- therefore, been proposed for the tion that we need to give it first earnest support of the churches in place in our life and work. We America as well as those in the miscall upon all Christians to join in sion fields. We must move forward, definite intercession for revival in calling for fresh resources in men the Church in all lands as the first and money for the service of God and man. The churches in the field must also respond to it to the best of their ability.

The conference advocated full co- can the Word become intelligible operation between the older and and precious to a people who have younger churches. Any separatist not heard it before. – John A.

policy will be suicidal. The East as Mackay.

well as the West must respond to the prayer of the masses for unity. If we are to win the world to Christ we must see the condition The plan of cooperation between of mankind from God's viewpoint, missions and churches in the field we must sympathize with His prowill naturally vary according to gram, and purpose, must realize conditions. The Conference re- our partnership in the work and solved that, when desired by the our complete dependence on God. church in the field, the foreign missionaries should become full mem- bers of the local churches and sub- ject to its courts. This request was Prayer, earnest study of the made by the National delegates Bible, full obedience to the Word and, what was specially pleasing to 'of God, faithful witnessing to them, it was strongly supported by Christ and loving fellowship in the missionaries themselves. service are the secrets of success Rural communities and unevan- at home and abroad.

gelized areas 'in mission lands have a special claim on the Church. The If we would bring the Church at success of the Christian enterprise home into fuller and more sacriwill depend on how these "weaker" members of the Church and these ficial cooperation in the missionary unreached multitudes are shep- work of Christ, we must bring herded. On a certain occasion, when Jesus saw the multitudes, he Christians to realize not so much said to His disciples, "Give them to eat." Their word was "Send them the need to meet the budget or away." What will be the reply of their apportionment, nor to listen to the call for more recruits; but we must make them see sympa- the Church in America and the thetically the condition of men and women and children in other lands Church on the field today? without Christ and the evidences NUGGETS FROM THE LAKEVILLE of the power of Christ to save and CONFERENCE to satisfy, and enlist in service It is the joyous privilege of those who commit their lives to all true missionaries to incarnate Him.-Floyd W. Barr.

themselves completely among the other brethren of Christ. We dare The greater need of the missionnot as a missionary group form ary enterprise today is not for any little America, or little Eng- more funds, better equipment or land, or little Scotland, in India or more missionaries-much as these China or Latin America. We must are needed in many places-but it become so much one with our new is the need for more earnest prayer brethren through perfect sympathy and more vital spiritual life on the that we shall feel their joys and their sorrows. The mere foreign- part of the Church at home and ness must go from us and a new more complete dependence on God creative type appear. Only thUfi on the part of workers in the field.

WE SIMPLIFY MISSION WORK?·

BY PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia W HAT policies appear wise in emotional content. We need mis- view of our ideal of mis- sionaries who can weep when they sionary work? My opinions speak of the sufferings of Christ. are given simply as the contribu- That type of evangelistic work is tion of one individual, not as the best adapted to the type of people opinions of any church or group. we are reaching.

In the first place, I believe that For the present, undoubtedly we our evangelistic work abroad must have an educational work to do in be simple if we are to build up a these mission fields. But what sort church made up of people too poor of education is likely to develop the to keep clean, too poor to be edu- church that we have outlined? It cated, too poor to be acquainted will have as its aim, in the first with the thought of the world, and, place, the hastening of the day therefore, from our point of view, when all educational work will be childish and oriental in their out- surrendered to the native governlook. If we want to make possible ments and to the native church. that kind of a church, our evan- That carries with it the implicagelistic message must be simple, tion of great simplicity in its one that can be understood and ap- material equipment, small and inpreciated by children, its creed expensive buildings, an equipment must be brief, like the marvelous which represents as small an inere e d of Mohammedanism, by vestment of Western money as means of which it has almost con- possible, and which can, therefore, quered the primitive world. It be more easily surrendered with must also be a message of dogmatic less acute pain on the part of the certainty and not a message of Westerner who gave it originally, doubtful and questioning analysis. and which will be a light and easy To primitive people we carry no burden for the much poorer native search for the truth, but an an- church to which it must be surnouncement of truth. rendered.

On most mission fields we are The present missionary policy not working with college graduates is deviating from this particular ninety per cent and coolies ten per ideal. The buildings that we build cent, we are working with coolies to house our educational missionninety per cent and men of a mild ary work abroad grow year by degree of education ten per cent. Therefore this message of simple year in expensiveness and elabointellectual content and dogmatic rateness. Every year we build certainty must be clothed with a them further and further from the vivid emotional expression. The standards of the people for whom general attitude of the stoic is not they are intended and· into whose the attitude of the people that we hands they will inevitably be surdesire to reach. Our Christian rendered. We should build for our message must be filled with a high educational work, cheaper build- ings with less elaborate and ex- Se:n'fn~~i.'hird Lecture at Princeton Theological pensive equipment so that they can be easily surrendered.

587

The same argument holds for sible from our present function as hospital buildings. We should government servants in educating study to make the cost of our in- the general public. Here I am stitutions as small as 'Possible for diverging radically from most the sake of the church. The native present-day mission policy, and church has little money to spend, perhaps no educational missionary so we should make as small an in- will agree with me, ten years from vestment on our part and as light now I believe that many will agree.

a burden on their part as we can. We have been entangled, to a de- What Kind of Education ~ gree that is not recognized here at home, in the government's 'pro- In the meantime, what sort of gram for education in these differ- educational work do we want to ent countries. India is in my mind carryon in this "ten dollar build- particularly, and most educational ing" which we will surrender missionary work is carried on with twenty-five years from now? We the government paying about half will undoubtedly try to teach our of the running expense, building baptized Christians to read. We about half of its buildings, and can aim at that much education dictating its character so that we even in a church of great poverty. are not able to make it a very effi- We will aim to make every church cient or active missionary enter- member literate so he can read the prise.

Bible and make himself acquainted It comes to this: we do for the with his brethren elsewhere by government a great deal of the means of letters and, to a moderate educational work that the govern- degree, with the world outside. ment ought to do herself, and we This is putting no burden upon are not able to make that work them too grevious to bear even in very efficient as missionary work.

their poverty. That represents not W€ who are aiming at building a an artificial and exotic thing but a church for the future made up of genuine development for which we the very poor, will extricate our- will aim now. selves from that entanglement with We will also train leaders for the government educational sys- that church who will go back to tem as rapidly as we can.

live in the villages and in the tribes What Sort of Medical Work ~ where this church exists. We are not primarily concerned in devel- What sort of medical work oping a number of beautiful orna- should we be doing for the sake of ments for the kingdom of God, this coming church? First of all men and women whose education we will take away about ninety- and attainments can compare fav- nine per cent of the emphasis put orably with the best in America, upon self-support for mission hos- but we are ,interested in training pitals and the pressure put upon leaders who will, in India, go back the patients to pay fees for medical to live in the Indian villages where attention. Here, too, we are differ- the church is, and who, in Arabia, ing from the mission board pol- will go back to live among the ICIes. An able discussion of this tribes where the church will be. particular problem comes from the In the third place, we will extri- pen of a Lutheran missionary in cate ourselves as rapidly as pos- South India. He says:

SHALL WE SIMPLIFY MISSION WORK?

From the time the dispensary was in a spirit of gratitude to help us." opened, we have made it a practice to As it is, many people appear to have charge each patient something for the idea that we make money by our medicine given-the well-to-do full medical work. The idea is no doubt price, others one-half, ,one-third, or foolish, but it exists and it makes the one-fourth, according to ability to people unwilling to help fill the forpay, and the very poor receive medi- eigner's pocket. cine free. From the economic point of view there is much to be said for To their minds, medical mission such a practice. It not only assumes service ought to be free, and I canas large receipts as are consistent not say that their intuition is wrong with the individuals able to pay, but because as a service of love given to trains the people to realize their own win their souls toward Christ, it ought obligation. And yet having carried to be given freely, in order that it may on this practice for over two years touch the hearts of the people as selfand observed its effect on the patients, less love and not as love partly comas well as on the missionary, I am on mercialized. As it is, the people try the point of saying that in an in- in every way to avoid paying even the sidious way and to a very large extent little that is demanded. They have it breaks the force of Christian love forgotten to bring money and will manifested in medical mission work, pay when they come back tomorrow. and so at once undoes partly what one Knowing that the poor are charged has effected, or it prevents the service little or nothing, some come in rags. of love from having any effect at all. Others, thinking it unlikely that the missionary will test on the spot the Mission work in general, and med- eggs that they bring in payment, ical mission work in particular, is a bring eggs which under cover of their service of love, and the people who shells have passed through many know anything at all about the Chris- metamorphoses. This makes it necestian message, expect it to be such. sary to lay down stringent rules: Demands for payment, though it be "No money, no medicine; no payment but for the medicine and usually only in kind unless it is bona fide." The a mere fraction of that, and not for words differ, but the sentiment is the the service of the missionary, never- same as that expressed in the welltheless acts as a disturbing element known signs seen in commercial esin the spiritual relation which the tablishments: "This is a cash business; mis·sionary is endeavoring to establish. please do not ask for credit." The missionary comes to the patient, perhaps even to his own horne, shows What is accomplished by insisting him his symptoms, gives him a Gospel on payment at best is only a paltry message, tries to direct him to the sum, and for this paltry sum we risk real Healer, and then when a truly the creation of an adverse impression spiritual atmosphere has been cre- and make the Indians wonder wherein ated, hands him his medicine and says, Christian sincerity differs from that "Two annas, please." The effect of of medical service. Thus by our own this on some of the patients is marked, hand we put impediments in the way it is no less so on the missionary him- of the success of a work which withself who involuntarily feels that the out these added impediments is surely request for money under such circum- difficult enough. stances is as discordant with the spiritual harmony of the situation as Are we not really losing, so far as a shrill factory whistle would be in a our ultimate goal is concerned, symphony orchestra. How much more namely, the winning of souls for in place would it not be to say, Christ? "Friend, we do not charge; we are glad of any help as you desire to give Probably none of our boards will agree with that missionary, but many missionaries will. In the

first place, then, if it is wise that mission field to duplicate the med- medical missionary work in a ical institutions in America and primitive community, reaching out thereby carry to the Orient all of to draw non-Christians toward the medical equipment that we Christ, should be an absolutely have here.

free expression of Christian love, In New York City they are now then even for the rest of the Chris- building the Cornell Medical unit tian community it is to be a very with accommodations for a thou- much simplified type of medical sand patients, and costing thirty work. million dollars. I do not say that The eventual medical practice in money is wasted; it is being spent countries of this kind must of for genuine medical advantages, necessity be very much less ex- but it requires no great argument pensive than medical practice is to show that India cannot carry in America. The Massachusetts on medical work that costs thirty General Hospital, which still is, I thousand dollars for every bed in think, one of the most efficiently the hospital. To build these up-to- managed hospitals in the country, date hospitals actually costs the finds that it costs $6.14 a day to United States about four thousand treat a patient. The patient pays dollars per bed. India and Arabia nothing for it is a charity hospital. cannot do that. Something is The Western Reserve Hospital wrong with mission work of that figures that last year it cost them kind.

$8.70 per day for every patient. If the first thing about medical It requires no argument to prove missionary work for the non- that such a rate of expense for Christian community is that i,t Arabia is preposterous. My should be free, the second thing is friends in the cities in Arabia earn that we should study to develop a perhaps eight annas a day (fifteen simplified and inexpensive type of cents), while in the interior they medical and surgical work which earn perhaps six cents a day. One shall still be efficient and credit- day's treatment in the Western able. That is not altogether im- Reserve Hospital would cost those possible. Even in Muttra, Arabia, people three months' wages 1 The where we work with just such a major problem in Arabia is to poor community as I have de- bring prices down within the reach scribed, we were able last year to of these poor people. perform two hundred major opera- Our medical missions are not out tions, about four hundred minor there as a permanent institution. operations, and perhaps four or The medical missionary always five thousand individual patients works with the idea that one of his were treated in the dispensary.

major jobs is to create an indige- The whole expense was about fif- nous medical profession to take his teen hundred dollars. That, per- place. If we are going to do that, haps, does not reach the economic then we must study to make the level of that particular community, costs of medical treatment as low but it does represent a tremendous as possible, and that means that reduction in the cost of medical we must introduce a greatly sim- treatment in America. We must plified medical and surgical prac- study for simplicity and inexpen- tice out there. Weare not on the sive work in our medical work, and

we must build "ten dollar hos- ernment schools in place of estab- pitals" rather than thirty million lishing their own parochial school.

dollar hospitals. These hospitals The public schools were inferior in which are ultimately to be turned quality and in moral influence, but over to the Indian and to the the missionaries believed that the Arabian church must place as light church should be made indigenous a burden upon them as possible. and should help to improve the The Yale Corporation has found government schools. '

that a building which cost, we will This is a very important point say, five hundred thousand dollars, in mission policy and one which is not an extravagance, but it con- has been neglected. Weare accus- stitutes a steady drain upon the tomed to suppose that Christians organization that carries it. Yale would better send their children to has found it necessary to set aside, private schools on the mission field when a building is built, one-third for fear that the religious influ- of that building's cost as an endow- ences in the government schools ment for maintenance. An ex- might be unsatisfactory. Experi- pensive building would constitute ence in South America points in a great burden to the church in the opposite direction.

the mission field. Thus the argu- Self-Supporting Missionaries ment is perhaps even stronger in regard to medical institutions than One point remains to be discussed, for school buildings that we must namely, as to the type of mission- build, so far as we possibly can, aries we should send out to ac- for ten dollars instead of for thirty complish this purpose. The s e million dollars. missionaries should not only be It is generally acknowledged able to sympathize with these peo- that we should study, far more ple in their desire for an emotional than we have been studying, to religion, but be able to bring them make the Church, in mission lands a simple message with dogmatic indigenous and an integral part of certainty. An important recent the community in which it exists. development in a missionary policy In a recent issue of World Domin- is the sending out of non-profes- ion there is an article by a mission- sional or self-supporting mission- ary named John Ritchie of South aries. I believe that in Arabia we America. There I think they have would be better off if we had a led the way in missionary practice. number of missionary carpenters They had a long struggle to be per- or blacksmiths, or other types of mitted to bury their dead in the workmen, who, like Paul, earn community cemetery. It would their living with their hands.

have been easy for them to get In the missionary situation that from the government free land for I am acquainted with, the addition an independent cemetery but they of such an element would be an wisely insisted upon the privilege enormous advantage. In Bahrein of burying their dead in the com- we have a convert. (This is an munity cemetery. They were aim- exact case.) This man used to be ing to make that Protestant church the captain of a sailing boat, and indigenous in that community. earned quite a fair living. He was They fought for the privilege of connected with the ruling family sending their children to the gov- in the town and belonged to the

elite. After that man professed porting workers? I think that conversion, he went to wreck would be possible in many places. largely because of the economic Arabia is probably as difficult a situation in which he found him- field as any. Twenty or thirty years self. He was ostracized by the en- ago, in the days of the Turkish rule, tire community; no one would em- a Christian carpenter came out to ploy him; nobody would buy from Hodeida. A more hostile rule to him or have anything to do with Christian missions it would be difhim. How is a man like that to ficult to find but this carpenter extract his living from such a hos- lived there for months and years tile environment? Moreover, that and nobody molested him. He was man's major sin in the old days in a position to teach European was pride, and this major sin still cabinet making to local people of rests on his soul to this extent that the same trade who were willing to he is unwilling to engage in most learn. Ninety per cent of local hosforms of manual labor. tility might be overcome by teach- ing men to do better work and so Who is going to handle so deli- earn a better living. Missionaries cate a situation? Our missionaries of that kind would reenforce the have never earned their living in contribution which we are in a pofree competition with other people sition to make even in the initial even in the most friendly environ- stages of evangelizing a primitive ment. Their fathers sent them to country. Such a missionary can school and upon graduation they help develop that church because became missionaries on a salary. he is a member with other members They know nothing about the and contributes to the solution of problems which would be created the very difficult church problems. if they were pitch-forked out into open competition even in their own I do not mean that we should country, so how are they going to eliminate the professional type of be competent advisors of the waifs missionary but the self-supporting and the strays in Bahrein who be- missionary could carryon a much come Christians and are disqual- less elaborate enterprise. Upon us ified for employment because of the will rest the opportunity and the unfriendly environment. If we responsibility of encouraging that had a missionary who was earning policy. I imagine that today you his living as a carpenter, or a could put an expert missionary farmer or a blacksmith, he might automobile mechanic in five hunbe the advisor that this hard- dred points on the mission field to pressed Arab needs. Men of that the great advantage of everyone of type could contribute to the de- them. An earnest Christian could velopment of converts in a way make a contribution that would be that the present missionary staff tremendous. We want to encourage the going out of self-supporting is unable to do. Christian missionaries who will supplement and strengthen the Should we not encourage mis- missionary enterprise. sionaries like that to locate in the different mission fields as self-sup-

I LEFT ISLAM FOR

BY M. A. QAYYUM DASKAWIE, Punjab, India A Teacher in Gordon. CoHege, Ra.walpindi" Punjab" India I WAS born a Moslem but al- I found things in it that I could though I attended both a mis- not understand and other things sion school and a Christian that I could not half understand. college my interest in Christianity I began with the Gospel by Matdid net begin until after I had de- thew and when I came to the Sercided not to continue my college mon on the Mount, I said: "Here work. Relieved of these studies I is something very different from could devote myself to books on what I am accustomed to hearing. religion. My uncle is well known in North India as the compiler of dictionaries in Hindustani, Arabic and Persian and as the author of several books dealing with reli- gious SUbjects. I was particularly interested in one book in my uncle's library, written in Urdu (or Hindustani) verse, and called "The Prayer of a True Christian." Moslems claim to be the heirs of all the prophets and the sacred writings that preceded the revelation to the Prophet of Arabia. "The Prayer of a True Christian" was written by a Moslem to controvert Chris- tian teaching and was designed to M. A. QAYYUM DASKAWIE show how the Islamic religion was "true Christianity" from which the Christians had gone astray. There were numerous references in it to Can these things be so?" There various passages in the Bible. I was nothing in the Koran that I read the book and reread it. A could remember which spoke of thought struck me! Though I such attitudes toward God and could not verify the references to man. When I went over again the Old Testament I decided to see some portions of the Koran I was how this book compared with the more disconcerted than ever.

New Testament, a copy of which When I came to the Gospel of had been presented to my father John, I found an atmosphere alto- about the year 1898 by the Punjab gether different from any I had Branch of the British and Foreign ever breathed before. Here was Bible Society. I had seen the book God spoken of as loving sinful men.

lie on the shelf as long as I could I had heard of God judging men recollect, but it had never been on the last day but never of God read. loving them in the present day. In Beginning to read the Testament fact, it had never occurred to me 593 3

that God had anything so directly Testament. I was rent between the to do with men. It was strange! two types of teaching. I read other books on the subject but for fear On the other hand. There were of arousing the suspicion of my things in the New Testament that parents I had to keep everything were extremely repugnant to a secret. I studied till late at night, Moslem. I had, for instance, al- long after everyone in the house ways imagined that the Christians had retired. I also sought out a worshiped three gods. Islam has Christian friend who had taught laid great stress on the unity of me in college and had a long talk God. "There is no god but God" with him. At the end of the interhas been the creed of Islam view I was convinced of two throughout these centuries. It puz- things: first, that the Christians zled me that Christians could not did not worship three gods, but see that there was only one God. I only one; secondly, that sin is a could not see how such a spiritual far more serious affair than to be religion could go astray on the most removed by fastings and alms. But fundamental question of all. "If I was more puzzled than ever. there seem.s to be any truth in I tried to reason myself out of Christianity/' . 1 reasoned, "it is the situation and then tried to for- get the whole matter. Anything what is left to it of the original true in Christianity I attributed to teachings of'Jesus. Truly the Injil its primitive form, and its attrac- (Gospel) has been subverted by tion for me I thought to be the sugthe Christians." gestion of the devil. But I could not forget what I had di.scovered. There was another difficulty- I knew that I was a sinner and the problem of the Cross. To an that I needed a Saviour, but I orthodox Moslem there is nothing thought that Christ could not have mm.i! absurd than to believe that anything to do with this. the 'Son of God was crucified for the sins of men. How can the right- Weeks of suspense and agony eOUll suffer for the unrighteous? passed. I was seriously in doubt HoW is it possible for one man to and decided to read the Gospels take away the sins of the whole again to see what faults I could race? To depend on fastings, end- find in them. But I only discovered less prayers, penance and alms is that Jesus had a far larger place understandable, but to think that in them than I was willing to admere faith is sufficient-why it is mit. "God," said I, "if this is corpreposterous! rect what shall I do? Can the New Testament be right after all?" Even disregarding other objections, a great gulf exists between Another thought now deterred Christians and Moslems. By com- me. If I should follow the way of mon consent Christianity has been the Gospel I could not stay with regarded among the people of In- my loved ones. I dared not think dia as the religion of the foreigner of all that was involved in my turnand the outcastes. Consider the ing away from the faith of my fadisgrace of accepting a religion of thers. But I had to make the choice the outcastes! The term Christian between God and man. Jesus had is to us a synonym for a scavenger anticipated this difficulty and said and a pariah. High born men could that His followers must be ready not think much of Christianity!

But I could not overlook the New

WHY I LEFT ISLAM FOR CHRIST

to give up everything to follow Him there are new and limitless vistas and that sacrifices in this world ever opening up. Though it is imwere recompensed by rewards from possible to explore anyone of them the Father in heaven. fully in this life, we have the as- surance that Christ is the pledge Finally I decided to give up my of our eternal life. In Him we live home, my family, and my friends and move and have our being and and as a result suffered many hard though the earthly house of our experiences which I cannot re- life grow old and fall we have an count. On the first of May, 1921, eternal Home with Him. I was baptized and was received into the fellowship of Christ. In Christ I have seen a marvel- ous vision of the future of man- Was this giving up of home and kind. Here is a comprehensive and kindred and the other things of an all inclusive goal which is life worth while? During these ten worthy of the best effort and highyears that I have tried to follow est sacrifice of every individual. Christ I have never for a second Children of God are welded toregretted the step, but have felt gether into a brotherhood of rightthat it was the wisest thing I have eousness in the Kingdom of God. ever done. My reward in Christ The human race is marching tohas been far more than I had ex- ward that goal of the high calling pected. . of God in Christ Jesus. I am cer- tain that it is only in approximat- My Reward ing to this ideal of the Kingdom of God, which Jesus revealed, that the In the first place, the mere dis- human race will ever arrive at that cipline of having gone through era of peace and felicity for which such an experience leads to a better we all hope and pray. appreciation of life and the things that one has are enjoyed in a new To live in Christ is also to live spirit. God gave me a vision and for Christ; therefore I am urged it is a great satisfaction to have to be of service to those among followed the call at His bidding. whom my lot is cast. There are This has made me more reliant on new reserves which I must develop Him· and more contented. and use in His service. In the life that I lived apart from Him I Christ has given a unity and a squandered the talents that I had· meaning to my life. He is the clue but now I have the ambition to to the tangled skein of my life. In use what is left for my God and so far as I am able to yield myself my fellowmen. There was a time to Him I find that He is able to when my chief desire was to get make me conquer self and to be a a comfortable place for myself and happier man. In my fight against to live at ease, but now I could sin I am now on the winning side. never be happy if I were not sure The guilt that wrecked my happi- that the work that I am doing is ness is removed by the power of what He would have me do. I am God. Though I am so imperfect I happy because I serve not a dead find in Him that singleness of Master but a living Lord. heart and purpose which lead to moral and spiritual well-being. But surpassing all this, in Christ I have found God. He is the tangi- Christ has given me a new out- ble manifestation of God. In so look on life which I would not exchange for the whole world. The world seems so much larger and

far as I am able to apprehend history. We have not outgrown Christ I am able to understand either the need of God nor the dewhat God is like. I believe in God because I believe in Christ. If I sire to be of service to our fellows. did not believe in Christ I could not believe in God. He is worthy, In Christ we find all that we need and more than worthy, to receive of certainty and power not only to the truest and the utmost devotion upbuild our own lives but to fashof my heart and all my love because ion anew the whole fabric of so- He first loved me and redeemed me. ciety in which we live. The Christ has shown me that in and Almighty God has in Christ made over and behind this confusing uni- the contact with men that the huverse is a Fatherly Heart of Love. man race has been trying to es- This is a revelation no amount of tablish through various religious money. can buy and no one but systems during all these centuries. Christ can substantiate. In Him We cannot have peace with God was the Love of God manifested to through our good works or alms us and in Him are hid all the treas- or prayers. Something far more ures of wisdom and knowledge. He vital is needed, even the gift of God is the answer to the cry of the hu- Himself that all men might know man heart through the centuries: Him and live. "Oh, that Thou wouldst rend the heavens and come down"; that Our Task in India . men may see face to face the invisible God whom they worship. We in India are confronted with the grave task of erecting a new To know Christ is to have life. nation and trying to gain greater It is to know the best that life has liberty, but the thing that is most to offer for which to live and to needed, along with this striving for strive. In Him life finds its deep- freedom, is a driving and a regenest yearnings satisfied and life erating force to undergird the new gains its highest worth. Apart system with moral power. Here from Him life is not worth living. in Christ is dynamic that, if ac- Those who have not learned to cepted and used, will lead any know Him have not yet discovered country to a new state of rightthe eternal fountain of life from eousness. No man or community which a man may drink his fill and who has caught the spirit of Christ never drain it. It is this which fills can be stolid and lifeless, or relife full of joy and peace. main on the old level of life or thought. Jesus Christ is constant- Is it any wonder that I should ly leading men onward to fresh urge upon all who do not know Je- tasks of love and devotion and sus Christ to taste and see this way moral heroism. Those who have of life? We today are living under really tried to open the door of life conditions which no preceding gen- with Christ as key have found the eration had to face but our spir- portals swing open to them of their itual, moral and religious problems own accord. Even as Jesus said: are essentially the same as men "I am the Way, the Truth and the have had to face from the dawn of Life: no one cometh unto the Fa- ther but by me."

JO (RIGHT) WITH HER HELPER AND KINDERGARTEN

MRS. JO, "THE SUICIDE DOCTOR "OF JAPAN BY MAYME MOORE W HEN one thinks of mission- contact with some small but living ary effort, one is inclined to work that is large in results. We paint a mental picture of meet some saint whose name has great orphanages, schools and col- not been heralded abroad, who in a leges, medical centers, or leper col- few moments changes us from onies, all supported by Western skepticism to enthusiasm. funds and more humanitarian than religious; or one may see churches, Such was our experience when missions, Sunday Schools, evangel- we met Mrs. J 0, the Good Samariistic work for saving souls. This tan of Kobe, Japan. Big of body, large vision is too much for our large hearted, Mrs. Jo's impelling small minds to compass. The .Far motive seems to be Christian sym- East is a long way off. Why should pathy. This does not content itself we worry? with .tears and sentiment, but is manifested in common sense action. But when one goes to the Orient, the whole thing becomes liv- "Oh, yes, the suicide doctor!" ing, dynamic; overnight we be- said some one in Tokyo, when we come mission-minded! Seen at first asked, "Who is Mrs. J a?" In Osaka hand, the humanitarian effort ap- people were even more incoherent pears a small beehive of activity, but more enthusiastic, "You must trying to serve brothers in distress! see her," they reiterated, "she lives The evangelistic w 0 r k I 00 k s in Kobe." starved! After seventy years of work in Japan, only a quarter of a Kobe is the industrial center of million Christians. But our right- Japan. Here the Japanese girls and about-face from indifference to women meet the same problems fervor is occasioned by personal that their American sisters meet when they go to the cities and enter factories or commercial activities.

597

The Kobe Woman's Welfare Asso- approached by young men who had ciation, (Kobe Fujin DoJo Kai), is been drinking heavily of sake, she not essentially an evangelistic ef- left the train and came stumbling fort. It is a common sense work to to Mrs. Jo whose name she had meet a definite need. The Associa- seen on a sign. Other girls, without tion is Mrs. Jo. The work is helped funds, stared into blank uncer- by an advisory board of mission- tainty until some policeman told aries, receives the endorsement of them to go to Mrs. J o. So the the law, some aid comes from the stories are legion, tales of disap- government, but its story is mainly pointments, sorrows, heartaches, the story of one woman of vision fears, despair. Calmly this woman and sympathy whose spirit trans- attacks the problem, carefully she formed the vision into reality. rehabilitates.

"Wait a bit, God is love!" How In 1916, without any financial clearly it was depicted in the calm backing, Mrs. Jo began her work in features and in the quiet strength Kobe. Where she came from, who of the woman. There is no hurry, she was, why she came-no one or uncertainty about Mrs. Jo. seems to know. Where did the oak "I have records of over 2,500 forest come from! Who laid the women and. girls who have come first stone of the most ancient ca- here for help and encouragement in thedral! She is a cool, quiet retreat, the past ten years," she said. "Our for tired souls. She is a well of work is of necessity a lifting of the mercy. We can well understand immediate burden, but we have why our question, "Who Is Mrs.

made a start on a permanent work J o?" was never answered.

in making life more livable for Perhaps she has always lived in working women." The plain face Kobe. Perhaps her own life was al- lights up with an eagerness of one most wrecked. Here she appeared who adventures in paths of peace. in 1916, and she was not long in Quietly she told us-in a gentle, making herself felt. She rented a vibrant voice-of the woman in house and advertised through the the North whose husband sold daily press that she was ready to their eldest daUghter, and of the help women in distress! That is mother, distracted by the tragedy amazing enough! Think how such all too common in Japan, who tried an advertisement in American pa- to kill herself and her other chil- pers would set people wondering!

dren. Some person who knew of Mrs. J 0 went to the police and to Mrs. J 0 sent for this tower of the missionaries telling them what strength. The woman and the chil- she was ready to do. Posters ap- dren were brought to the house in peared on the wharves and at rail- Kobe, where they were given a way stations, "Wait a bit; God is little home of their own. The moth- Love!" followed by the added lines er was encouraged and the hus- telling where Mrs. J 0 and her band was sought out, finally the sympathy and aid might be se- whole sad tangle was straightened cured. Authorities encouraged the out and the woman and her chil- work, missionaries welcomed it.

dren went home. She told us of the The Kobe Woman's Welfare As- young girl who wanted the life of sociation began in a simple way the city and came from her village and, in two years Mrs. J 0 bought a home, frightened, alone, and when house large enough to accommodate

"DO YOU LOVE YOURSELF?"

twenty women. In 1922 she added competent nurses; here they grow four rooms and a chapel. But it has strong and healthy, waiting until more than most welfare homes, for the home life of the mother is adit has Mrs. Jo, a whole host of sym- justed so that the family may live pathy, sense, vigor. their normal life.

In 1926 a larger building was Suma is the suicide place of Jaerected-a typical Japanese house, pan. At this lovely sea-coast place commodious enough to care, not many come who do not see its beauonly of stranded girls, but for ty, but are drawn by a desire to moth€rs and very young children. cast themselves into the sea. Here There are ten mothers' apartments, Mrs. J 0 erected one of her signs, each consisting of one room and a "Wait a bit, God is Love!" This kitchen, so that separate family sign has arrested many who had no life may be maintained. In the further use for life and she led nursery we saw the tiny tots who them to a knowledge of God are safe while their mothers go out through Jesus Christ. to work. They are cared for by "DO YOU LOVE YOURSELF?"

BY WILLIS R. HOTCHKISS, Lumbwa Industrial Mission Missionary at KcrAchvJ Kenya (}(}lonYJ B riti·sh East Africa T HE other day at the back of had been trouble between two our farm an old man ap- neighboring tribes and the white . proached me and offered his man went out to negotiate peace. hand with the usual salutation: The elders of the two parties dis- "Chamege" (Do you love your- cussed matters and after coming self?) It was the native salutation to an amicable arrangement, they meaning "How do you do?" Then appointed one from each side to ache proceeded to spit on our clasped quaint the white man with their hands more vigorously than even decision. To his horror and amazenative etiquette required. This ment, when they neared him the was quite proper from an African two began to spit violently at each viewpoint, though not so nice. All other, and then both together at the while he was exclaiming, "My him! Not knowing that they were friend! My dear friend! My fa- actually sealing their pact of ther! My father!" All was just friendship, and suspecting treachexcess of friendliness. Being a ery, with insult a<j.ded, he struck missionary one has to grin and them and ordered them under arbear it—or at any rate, bear it- rest. The warriors, seeing their at least until we can teach them to elders struck, started fighting, and adopt a more pleasant method of hostilities were began again. expressing friendship. The man had come, fatherlike, to plead for These incidents illustrate a tenhis son who had been ordered off dency, all too common to this day, the mission land on account of mis- of looking at the native from the demeanors. European point of view. This col- ony is now in the throes of a bitter The incident recalls the story controversy with the home governtold of a certain white official in the ment, because some excellent peoearly days of the colony. There ple suppose they are helping the

native by telling him that he is be- prevailing depression. I saw these ing defrauded of his rights and same Lumbwa natives bidding on despoiled of his land at the hands even terms with the white people of the settlers. Their remedy for for his effects. Nevertheless I pick that is to launch the native into up a paper and read a letter from politics-a blunder which, when a native who, under the tutelage applied to the Negroes in America of false friends, talks grandiloafter the Civil War, cost unmeas- quently of Africa belonging to the ured suffering to both races. African and demanding this and that as his right. Sooner or later The native of Kenya Colony is, something is bound to happen. at this moment, better off in a material sense than the average white What has all this to do with the man. Compared with what he was missionary as a herald of salvathirty years ago–naked in body tion? In the first place, it is plantand in mind; never for a moment ing the seeds of race hatred in safe from his enemies in the flesh, these susceptible native minds. and still less so from those of the Doubtless that is the last thing spirit; the sport of malignant these zealous friends would think forces which he was forever pro- of doing; but it is a fact. Moscow pitiating-the African is today far is pledged to upset the native races, richer in the things that make for and an increasing number of commaterial comfort and contentment munist natives even now are than is his white neighbor. spreading their doctrines in the reserves. The time is short. The Take the Lumbwa people for ex- propaganda of revolution must be ample. When I came to them in met by a propaganda of salvation. 1905 they were the most wretched The transforming power of the lot of human beings you could Gospel of Christ may change the imagine-starving in a rich land, course of history in East Africa, and even selling their children for but it must be a real Gospel of the grace of God and not "another gosfood. But yesterday I attended a pel." sale of the effects of a white neighbor who had succumbed before the GIVE A THOUGHT TO AFRICA Give a thought to Africa! Pray that Afric's heart may be 'Neath the burning sun, Loyal to our King.

Hosts of weary hearts are there, Give your love to Africa! Waiting to be won. There our brothers call.

Many idols have they, Bring release from slavery, But from swamp and clod Break sin's bitter thrall.

Many a voice is crying out White shall love the black man, For the living God. Each forget the past; Breathe a prayer for Africa! In the Father's house above "0 Thou God of love, All will meet at last.

Send Thy blessings on the tribes -Hosea K. Nyabonga, of Ugan- From Thy home above." da, East Africa, and Clark Univer- sity, Atlanta, Ga. Swarthy lips when moved by grace Can most sweetly sing;

THE SURPRISING

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, en route to Penang, Malaya WE HAVE had no greater In 1868, his son, King Chula- surprise than lovely Siam. longkorn, came to the throne. Of In a conference with His him someone has said, "It is men Royal Highness, Prince Damrong, like King Chulalongkorn who in Varadis Palace, Bangkok, this tempt one to believe that history "grand old man of Siam" who is is made by a few outstanding men, the chief adviser of the king, spoke rather than by the ordinary course in most appreciative terms of the of events." This remarkable ruler work, sacrifice, and personal gen- introduced into Siam, railroads, ius of the missionaries. His fine telegraph, telephone, a public face reminded me of William school system, abolished slavery, Ewart Gladstone. closed up the gambling (licensed) The Presbyterian Board, for dens, began to reduce the sale of ninety years, has served gloriously opium, reorganized the army and in helping to bring Siam to a ful- police and the government, sent ler realizatiQn of her higher self. many of his sons to Europe and In April, 1932, Siam celebrates the America to be educated according 150th anniversary of the beginning to foreign standards and come of the present dynasty of kings. back to their own country to be- Rarely in history do we find a suc- come heads of departments in the cession of seven kings in the same government. He ruled for forty- dynasty, and such kings as those two years. He died in 1910 greatly with which Siam has been blessed. beloved and sincerely mourned by his people. Modern Siam began with the reign of King Mongkut, fourth of His son, Rama VI, carried on the this dynasty. While serving in the reforms started by his father. He Temple he asked one of the early organized the Boy Scouts (before missionaries to teach him. Mr. it had been done in the U. S.), He Caswell taught him English, math- was a literary man, doing much ematics and the sciences. King writing, especially plays. It was Mongkut realized the need of for- during his reign that the World eign education in order to properly War took place and Siam joined compete with the foreign traders the Allies sending an expeditionary and others who had begun to come force to Europe. At the close of to Siam. When he came to the the War two Siamese were present throne, he began to develop his at the signing of the Treaty of country along modern lines. Up Peace. The adviser in foreign afto this time, someone has said, fairs has always been an Ameri- "Siam was like a country much as can. Different ones who have held we read about in the Arabian this responsible position had been Nights." King Mongkut was working toward a change of treafriendly to foreigners, especially to ties with foreign countries, trying the missionaries and was the first to get them to give up their exking to grant land to Protestant traterritorial rights without commissionaries for buildings for their pensation. The United States was work. the first to do this. It was Dr.

601

Francis B. Sayre who finally The present financial depression brought this about with the Euro- is being felt in Siam as well as in pean countries having treaties other countries. After a meeting with Siam. This has been a great of the Supreme Council recently benefit to the country. The king one member was heard to remark. died in 1925. At the time of his "We realize that we must reduce death the country was in a danger- government expenses and we told ous financial position, owing to His Majesty to begin by reducing certain of his advisers. our incomes." Such is the spirit of the country. King Prajadhipok, the present ruler, on coming to the throne used Dr. James McKean, a Presbyfirm measures to reduce expenses. terian missionary who has j'ust re- He gained the confidence of his tired after forty years of service people in many ways. He estab- in Siam, started the first organized lished a Supreme Council, com- work for lepers ever undertaken. posed of five of the most trusted This dread disease claims thoumen in the country, who act as sands in Siam as it does in so advisers. He dismissed many for- many of the Oriental countries. eigners who were heads of depart- The government has since started ments of the ,government and re- a leper colony of its own, The placed them by Siamese, many of splendidly developed leper work in whom had been trained abroad. Chiengmai is known the world He dismissed from government over wherever the needs of these scores of Siamese who were draw- poor, afflicted people are being coning pay but doing little work. This sidered. While Dr. McKean was has been the means of changing in Bangkok, on his way to Amerithe ideals of young men from ca, His Majesfy was giving a garworking for easy government po- den party to the diplomats and a sitions where labor would be light select group of the foreign comand advance rapid, to preparing munity, also the highest of the themselves not only for profes- Siamese princes and officials. His sional work but also for agriculture, business, and mechanics. Majesty heard that Dr. McKean was in the city and sent him an He retrenched in his own house- invitation. During the party His hold, disposing of dozens of automobiles owned by his brother, the Majesty sent a special messenger late king, and keeping only a few to Dr. McKean who brought him the length of the garden and prewhich were absolutely necessary. He retrenched in the royal kitchen; sented him to the king and queen. he also cut down his own income. They shook hands with him and The best members of the Royal thanked him personally for all that Family are all hard workers, hav- he had done for their country. ing their country's best interests deeply at heart. World travellers should not fail to visit Siam. It is one of the most unique countries in Asia.

"We ~baU babe aU eternitp to celebrate tbe bidorie~, but we babe onlp tbe few bour~ before ~un~et to win tbem."

IN MISSIONARY

BY THE EDITOR T HE present situation in mis- that human slavery, public torture, sion lands not only indicates immolation of widows, child sacri- a time of crisis and the need fice, and other evils have been made for the application of a radical illegal. The education of women remedy, if we are to avoid chaos, was, in some lands, begun in spite but the work of the Christian of popular disapproval. Solitary Church in these lands shows the missionaries went into Africa, need for a new evaluation and for Burma, China and other hostile some changes in policy and pro- territory without asking protection gram. The policies and methods from their own governments; they of pioneer days, and of the period unhesitatingly risked their lives to of adolescence in Foreign Missions, carry the Gospel to the heathen.

have been effective; but new con- Their patience and sacrifice was so ditions, new dangers, new opportu- effective that many non-Christian nities demand new policies and governments later have acknowl- methods. The Church executives edged the great value of their at home have realized this and are humanitarian service and have about to send abroad a Laymen's highly praised their work.

Foreign Mission Inquiry to study Today the Protestant missionary the facts and to r e com men d enterprise alone (not counting the changes that seem advisable. extensive work of Roman Catho- We call attention to three ele- lics) has grown to huge propor- ments in the crisis as it relates to tions. Twenty thousand men and missionary policies in the foreign women are working in foreign field today. lands and many millions of dollars 1. RELATION TO GOVERNMENTS. have been invested in schools, hos- In the early days of Protestant pitals, orphanages, churches and missions, one supreme motive led other property. The governments men to go to heathen lands-this of "sending countries" are so zeal- was to take the message of Christ, ous to maintain their national pres- "offering to lost and dying souls tige that they are not ready to over- the gift of life through Him." look any disregard shown for the The messengers went out facing, rights of their citizens residing not only separation from home and abroad. An indignity or harm to a loved ones, and the prospect of missionary therefore becomes the severe physical hardships, but subject for diplomatic controversy hostile governments and bitter and may even lead to armed inter- opposition from other religions on vention. Non-Christian nations the field. They set their course to have, at times, become suspicious avoid entangling alliances with the of missionary influence and have non-Christian governments and suspected and accused messengers with religious devotees whose evil of Christ of being "agents for practices they ever fearlessly de- capitalistic and imperialistic Gov- nounced. It was largely through ernments."

the influence of Christian missions The right of residence is now 603

granted to foreigners, except in a in mission policy. Are messengers few countries, but the right of re- of Christ to obey men or God when ligious propaganda and of carry- commands conflict1 Are they to ing on Christian education is ques- work in harmony with non-Christioned in Japan, Chosen and tian governments at the expense of Persia, and more particularly in evangelizing effort, or shall they China and Turkey. This causes a risk displeasure and antagonism, critical situation in missionary and even expulsion and the closing work. Christian schools and col- of their institutional work? When leges formerly offered almost the conflicts arise, shall God's Word be only opportunity for modern edu- the guide or the restrictions of a cation in these non-Christian lands. non-Christian State? Is it better Missionaries inaugurated primary schools and modern education in to close secular educational work India, China, Chosen and in almost entirely, if necessary, rather than every other mission field. Now to give up the main purpose for that national educational institutions have been established, the which it was founded. Oriental governments are jealous Missionaries today also face the or suspicious of Christian influence. They naturally wish to con- problem of putting national or trol the training of their future a supernational allegiance first. citizens and they demand that re- Shall they follow the example of ligion-especially the Christian re- Christ and be subject to the laws ligion-be divorced from secular of their adopted land, when these education. In China, the govern- laws do not contravene the laws of ment has ruled that foreign-sup- God, or shall they claim their right ported schools and colleges must to be judged before their own nabe turned over to the control of tional courts and to the protection Nationals by the appointment of of their home governments? Many Chinese Principals and by a ma- of our finest missionaries believe jority membership of Nationals on that it is better to withdraw, if the boards of control. They re- necessary, from a land or a work quire that all pupils be trained in where liberty to preach and teach Dr. Sun Yat Sen's Principles in the the Gospel is denied, or to suffer place of teaching the Christian persecution and death, rather than Scriptures. At one mission school to accommodate the Christian mesin Tsingtau, we saw quotations sage and methods to non-Christian from Dr. Sun's will posted on all requirements. the walls of the schoolrooms-but no words of Christ were displayed 2. Another factor in this crisis there. Turkey, Persia, China, Ja- in missionary policy relates to the pan and other countries have also method and the manner in which undertaken to dictate what mission mission work shall be conducted. schools may and may not teach. In the early days-and in fact until Religious teaching and worship, if the beginning of the twentieth permitted at all, must be on a century when missions became purely voluntary basis. more widely recognized and more largely supported-the work was This change in the educational generally conducted on a very situation points to a serious crisis simple scale. The limited re- sources at the command of the mis- sionaries, and the unlimited need, necessitated very great economy in

CRISIS IN MISSIONARY POLICIES

buildings, equipment, salaries and in elementary schools and must other expenses. Much of the med- make all religious instruction and ical work was done by itinerating attendance at chapel voluntary and doctors, and the educational build- extra-curricula. Chapel services ings were very modest and gener- must be held, if at all, outside the ally inadequate. Then came the college campus. A majority of the time when large plans were formed trustees and the chief administra- more in harmony with the magni- tors must be Chinese. Turkey tude of the need; when appeals also has forbidden religious in- were made to wealthy givers, when struction in schools and there must union institutions were established, be no attempt on the part of teach- some with large endowments. The ers to change the faith of pupils standards were thus gradually- who are under eighteen years of sometimes suddenly – raised to age. A few years ago Persia reach more nearly those of similar passed a law requiring the exclu- institutions in England and Ameri- sion of Chrisitan teaching and ca. The Rockefeller Medical In- worship from mission schools but stitute in Peiping suddenly raised so much trouble resulted that the the standard of salaries and equip- government has refrained from in- ment for all China medical work sisting on its enforcement. Japan and made pioneering seem more made an effort to abolish Christian difficult or impossible without such worship and teaching in the mis- aid. Great colleges and universi- sion schools of Korea, but since ties, with American or British most of the primary education has charters, have been established in been in Christian hands, for the Japan, Korea, China, India, Tur- present Japan permits voluntary key, Syria, and Egypt. These com- attendance at chapel services and pare favorably in equipment and at Bible classes.

curriculum with many in America Medical and industrial missions and England. They rival or sur- also face the question: Shall this pass government colleges, with work be primarily scientific and which some have become affiliated. practical or fundamentally mis- The desire to receive government sionary-with an evangelistic pur- recognition and subsidies has led pose? . At least one mission hos- to the apparent necessity for se- pital, among those we recently curing larger enrolment and better visited in Asia, reported a fine equipment, for adopting the stand- medical record, but could not point ard curricula of non-Christian to any definite plan for effectively States, and for higher paid, better- presenting Christ to the patients trained professors and specialists. or their families. Some do not This also has led to the opening of even seem to have this as their the doors to more non-Christian supreme aim. Industrial missions students, to the employment of are important among primitive more non-Christian teachers and peoples and those who need to in some cases to the election of learn methods of self-support, but non-Christian trustees. some have been abandoned because In China, mission schools are re- they became merely commercial quired to be registered, and before enterprises. Leper asylums and this is effected they must agree orphanages are Christian enter- not to teach the Bible and religion prises which may also do a great

spiritual work but some have be- Christian missbns, outside of the come merely humanitarian institu- direct work of the Spirit of God, tions, and so have missed their has always been the Christ-like highest service. character and devotion of the in- It is not difficult to see the crisis dividual missionary or native evan- to which this situation leads. In gelist. Today we are confronted spite of the desire and purpose of by a world-wide increase of mate- missionary teachers, and of mis- rialism and agnosticism; a greater sion boards and officials, to mani- emphasis on higher education and fest a Christian spirit and to exert science, the broader appeal for a positive Christian influence, very social service; the growing anti- many mission colleges and hos- religious agitatiOfi; and the sym- pitals are in danger of becoming pathetic exploitation of ethnic more and more secularized. In the religions. In view of these facts desire to reach a higher technical it is unthinkable that there should standard, and to exert a wider in- be in Christian missions any les- fluence, they are tempted to become sening of emphasis on the prime less intensively Christian and less necessity for spiritual qualifica- missionary in aim, methods and tions in those sent to the mission results. Frankly this is what some field or that there should be less supporters advocate. Christianity emphasis on the main purpose of includes all the best things of life- leading men and women to a full in science and art, sociology and surrender to Jesus Christ as divine world relationships, but in propor- Lord and Saviour.

tion as science and other branches How .Meet this Crisis supplant spirituality, a work ceases to be an evangelizing effort and We are convinced that some mis- may cease to be Christian. We sion policies should be changed or saw an effective mission hospital clarified to meet the present crisis.

in India that recognizes the need We must not lose sight of our main for the supreme emphasis on spiritual healing and at the same time objective, or permit this to become is favorably known for its excellent obscured. In every age and among medical work. This hospital re- all non-Christians this missionary cently sent out the following call objective is so to present Christ in to praying partners: His fulness, and so to teach what He has commanded, that all who The work cannot go on in strength will may find in Him the fulfilment without another skilled physician and of their greatest spiritual needs. No desire for great institutions, another well-trained medical woman. for wide influence, for government As you know these doctors are ex- support or for human approbation, pected, first of all to be evangelists should turn us aside from this main and to share in the spiritual work inside and outside the hospital. Pray for skilful, warm-hearted medicals, objective. The Church should ready for anything, if only souls may send out to the mission field— be won to Christ. either for long or for short terrns- 3. A third factor in the modern only those workers who are crisis in missionary policy relates equipped spiritually for their task; to the spiritual qualifications of the men and women of faith, prayer workers. The greatest asset in and devotion, who put first the

winning of others to Him who dependence is on God for the came to save the world. supply of daily needs, for workers and equipment, for guidance, for It is one of the encouraging protection and for fruitage. Each signs of the times that in every worker is only an instrument in the land, aud in almost every station, hands of God. In such a mission we found that experienced mission- He is asked to send patients to the aries are insisting that greater hospital and pupils to the school; emphasis must be put on evangel- He is asked definitely and continuism. At a recent meeting in Persia ally to prepare and send mesthe place of evangelism in the hos- sengers to give the message; and pital was warmly debated with the His spirit is expected to make conclusion that, while every effort ready the hearts of hearers. The must be made to give those in need result is not release from harship, the best medical attention possible, or from opposition and trial, but and while tact must be used in pre- this method produces fruitfulness, senting the Gospel, the greatest and brings joy in the hearts of benefit has been withheld if the sin workers and a consciousness of sick soul is left unhealed while the partnership in the Great Task. diseased or crippled body is repaired. We believe that the mission pol- icy needed today in these non- Many missionaries are also ad- Christian lands includes these vocating less attention to all insti- elements: tutional work, which so often involves large expense with small 1. The primary emphasis in all spiritual result, and they ask that departments of m iss ion work more money and effort be given should be on evangelism. We are to evangelism-to pioneering, to commissioned to preach the Gospel the training of native evangelists and to teach what Jesus Christ and to the building up of national commanded. This command has churches. The effectiveness of the never been abrogated and Christ Burmese College Gospel Teams, alone meets man's greatest need. and similar groups in Siam, India and the South Seas, has given new 2. All missionaries should be stimulus to the evangelistic empha- men and women of clear, positive sis in educational centers. faith in the Word of God and in Christ as the only Way of Life; There are missions that have they must be selected with referadopted the policy we believe to ence to their fitness for the task, be greatly needed today. It is their sacrificial devotion and prac- tical Christian experience. scriptural and it is practical. In Korea missions, apostolic methods 3. On the field, emphasis should have been in vogue for forty years, be placed, not on the building up of with wonderful results. At Dohna- large institutions but on spiritual vur, South India, is a mission vitality in the work; not on where beautiful, healthful sur- breadth but on depth; not on roundings, practical education, in- human standards but on the divine dustrial work, social uplift and pattern. medical service are combined; but the ever present motive is to win (Next article-"The Crisis in Mission Churches.") individuals to Christ. Here and in other spiritual missions, the chief

PLIGHT OF RUSSIAN

T HROUGHOUT the Volga Re- River on the east. The German gion and southern Russia refugees, for the last 150 or 200 there were formerly hundreds years, have colonized in Central of thousands of German-speaking and Southern Russia. Recently the Russians, descendants of the immi- oppressive measures of the Soviets grants invited by Catherine the have forced them into Siberia.

Great three hundred years ago to The writer (H. L. Haag), and settle the steppes and to make Rev. Ch. W. Kastler of the Harbin farms out of grazing land. These Lutheran Church, succeeded in people, mostly Lutherans but in- bringing a company of these un- cluding Mennonites and Roman fortunate people from northeastern Catholics, were forced under the Manchuria to Harbin.

old laws to continue using German Observers from the northeastern in their worship. Though thrifty districts of Manchuria, during the and industrious, the entire group last two months, have brought has been under suspicion of the many stories of the terrible condi- Soviets who !:lome years ago began tions of Russians and Germans liv- to exile them to Siberia on false ing in the various little Chinese charges. Many died ihere and a villages of that part of the country.

few have wandered east to the The accounts of occasional refugees Manchurian border where recently who had walked the 300 miles sub- they have attempted to cross into stantiated the belief that these China. people are in sore need of help. A Two Lutheran missionaries in special committee of the Man- China, the Rev. L. Grady Cooper churian Missionary Union, consist- and the Rev. P. P. Anspach, read- ing of Rev. Kastler and myself was ing the account in American asked to work out means of getting papers, turned a vacation period first-hand information and acting into a "missionary journey" to in- as soon as possible to relieve the vestigate the situation to the north. suffering.

At Harbin they organized a local Our trip to Lishowchen and relief committee and promised the Hetsezde proved to be one of un- use of a special fund held by the usual interest and importance. At United Lutheran Church Mission the town of Lishowchen we had no in China. trouble in getting a line on the Mr. Howard L. Haag, an Ameri- situation of the Germans, for as can Christian Association secre- we entered the shabby little Chi- tary, who heads the Harbin nese inn we were greeted by committee, relates in detail a situ- Germans themselves who had be- ation of which the outside world come stranded in this miserable knows practically nothing. village till aid could be found to Russian and German refugees transport them further. They re- are continually fleeing into Man- ported that there were at least 150 churia from Soviet Russia, either of their group in the town of Het- the Manchuli border, the Amur sezde some 200 miles away.

River on the north or the Ussuri At Lishowchen transportation 608 facilities for these people from to have their things together and Hetsezde to Lishowchen had to be ready to pull out at midnight.

arranged and the innkeeper who Then we began making out of had been feeding them had to be cloth, tags for each one bearing the bargained with in order to have name of the committee we were them free for transportation to working under and the person's Harbin. These two matters were own name and number in Chinese.

not easy ones to liquidate. For five Among the refugees were Greek solid hours we bargained with the Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Men- owner of the bus line. At last nonites, and Baptists as well as Rev. Kastler brought the bargain Lutherans.

to a close by getting the owner There was one other matter down from $3,500 (Chinese Mex.) which was especially unpleasant, to $2,3·50 for five buses for four A Russian woman had arrived days to bring as many people as alone in Hetsezde about the end of the buses would hold, over 200 December. She had lived about miles. Then the innkeeper began one month in a Chinese home.

another long three-hour bargain- When the head of the house de- ing session. Scores of villagers manded that she pay him $70 for came in to partake in the general her keep for the month she was discussion. After endless talk, forced to refuse. He then sold her Rev. Kastler forced him to sign an to another Chinese for the sum of agreement wherein we were to pay $55. This latter had taken her as him for 25 people at 80 cents each his wife and treated her most for 60 days. brutally. This poor woman es- We had set for ourselves a short caped when she heard that we had schedule in which to accomplish arrived and came to throw herself the work of gathering together at our feet begging that in God's the people we wished to take away name she be taken out of the place.

with us. Looking back on it all Her "owner" came to us demand- now, I can scarcely see how it came ing that she be given back to him about that we did actually carry or that we pay him the sum of out our plan with such dispatch. $70. Of course the scene which Our plan was to make all financial took place was unspeakable. He adjustments with the Chinese and presented a large paper which of- start the return trip by 12 o'clock ficially gave him ownership over the following midnight. her. With him he had gathered At Hetsezde we set about deal- some 25 or more rough fellows who ing with the chief of police who were out to get vengeance. At one examined the document of the time their cries outside the room Harbin police and seemed satisfied. in which we were bargaining We then made a trip to the home sounded most threatening. After of the head man of the village, the officials had talked with the where we met at once with hostil- owner, he was willing to, at first, ity. He set about at once putting settle for $40 then for $30, and obstacles'in our way, but he finally then finally for $20.

promised that he would get to- As Rev. Mr. Kastler and I con- gether a general statement of what ferred together as to the results of the refugee people owed the vari- our bargaining with the Chinest: ous shops, inns, etc. We told them of this town, it seemed that all tht: 4

forces of evil which this little be hoped for but little in sight. settlement could m u s t e r were Truly they have come from one terrible condition in Soviet Rusabout to be showered down upon sia into another which offers them as little hope. Already there are us. Surely we must stay here no several thousands of refugees, both longer than necessary, for even German and Russian, in Harbin though we had come to agreements and each day brings pleas for help with the head man of the village from the villages of North Manand the owner of "Maria," the vil- churia where more people have lagers were not satisfied. It was congregated. Many have come four o'clock when finally the last over with their horses, their cattle, bus was loaded, the doors closed and all they possess. They cannot and the order given to start. get land from the Chinese for the latter are afraid of the_ conse- Not until we were quite clear of quences. Gradually each refugee the viHage and our three Inter- loses all he brings over till he is national trucks speeding down the forced to go in debt to the Chinese. road did we feel safe. Never have This makes it next to impossible I felt- such sense of relief as that to move from one village to anmoment we looked back to see the other. Furthermore the Chinese dark outlines of Hetsezde fade out authorities make it necessary for of sight. The hardships of the trip each Russian to have a passport ahead were nothing to what we had costing from $7.00 to $60.00 each gone through. if he wishes to move.

Of the trip to Lishowchen much Though these facts are unesmight be written. It was the flight capable. in all justice it must be of exiles, a Christian exodus. added that no government has Each bus held from 30 to 45 tired, acted with greater consideration hungry, worried people. The chil- toward these unfortunate 'people dren at first took it as an exciting than has China. Individual Chiadventure but soon as the road be- nese in outlying villages have and came rough and our buses over will continue to exploit them as and again became stuck in the they come across the border, but snow-drifts they became restless. generally speaking, China has not closed her doors and has given At 9: 30 P. M., we came to the what protection she has to offer. bluff overlooking the City of All this, with the knowledge that Lishowchen. In a few moments they have lost all, is pressing thouwe were pulling up alongside the sands of these simple yet worthy station and were lifting our half- people into a position of slavery. dead refugees to the ground. They It is a case seemingly unparalleled were met by the station master in modern times, and one with and his wife who had a warm room which no local committee such as waiting them and milk ready for the Harbin Committee can deal the children. The main job of alone. The suffering and sorrow transportation was finished and caused by the unspeakable condithe Rev. Mr. Kastler and I were tions in Soviet Russia should be ready as anyone to find a place to taken to·heart by Christian people rest. and Christian nations of the world.

Many have asked us the pertinent question: "What of the future of these refugees?" We cannot answer. There is much to

PICTURES AND FOREIGN

BY JAMES TOOKER FORD, Los Angeles, California ALOUD call has come from portrayal of vulgarity, indecency, French missionaries in Afri- and the technique of crime are so ca, pleading that "The Cath- prominent in the programs of the olic and Protestant churches found motion picture theaters as to cona film factory, where moral films, stitute a menace to national moralparticularly those with religious ity." Exported films are even less themes, will be made." The appeal clean than the home shown; and is made because the movies have the number of them is enormous. gone "where ever civilization has Mr. Carl E. Miliken, Secretary of gone and are portraying in the full the Motion Picture Producers and glare of the movie footlights, the Distributors, reported two or three white man's crimes and love scenes years ago that during that year to the detriment of the morals of "231,295,018 feet of films had been the African people." exported." These dramas are being The unspeakable "love scenes" shown in Tunis, Madras, Korea, which people in America have en- Sumatra, in the Sudan, and the dured with suppressed nausea, par- question comes to the Christian, ticularly the slobbering "kissing can the Church not do something and huggin' stuff," these mission- to offset this flood of immoral and aries say "make the black crowds, anti-religious conceptions and emo- especially the black Mohammedans, tions. Motion picture magnates howl with disgust." This call from estimate that 13,000,000,000 people the French missionaries would be pay to see the movies every year.

gladly seconded, no doubt, by the ShaH we continue to pass by, and Protestant missionaries all over even scorn the use of one of the the world, and not only by them most effective methods of present- but by Christian tourists who have ing constructive ideals which will been made to blush at the portrayal mould noble Christian characters?

of so called American life. One of Dr. S. Parkes Cadman writes: "If these world tourists, Mr. Albous the movies monopolize attention, it Huxley, exclaims, "The world into is because we who are responsible which the cinema introduces the for religion have allowed them to subject races is a world of silliness capture multitudes who belong pri- and criminality, where the inhabi- marily to God."

tants are stealing, murdering, Is it still true that "the children swindling, or attempting to com- of this world are wiser in their mit assault." On the other hand, generation than the children of "to give the devil his dues," the In- light"? The Department of Com- dian Cinematograph Committee merce of the United States reports "was satisfied that the majority of that American business obtains a films certified for exhibition in In- return of at least one doHar. in dia in no way tended to demoralize trade for every foot of film exhibthe public." But we believe that ited in foreign lands. "In fact," the overture presented to the last says Mr. MiIiken, "the film is equiv- General Assembly of the Presby- alent to the work of 100,000 salesterian Church is right that, "the men." This same helper is avail- 611

able to the church in its supreme emy of Christian art with the sole work of freely offering salvation to object of producing religious moall people. Will some Christian mil- tion pictures. Here is an open door lionaire accept this extraordinary which invites the Church to a new opportunity to multiply, perhaps method and to a new era of power 100,000 fold, the evangelical in foreign lands and at home. God preaching power of the mission- has given us a new method of visuary? The silent screen speaks a alizing to all people, at home and tongue which people of any lan- abroad, the supreme life, the savguage and dialect can understand ing teachings, and the redemptive whether in Sumatra or the Came- death of Jesus Christ. A studio alroun. Where ever civilization has ready eists in Los Angeles, called carried electricity, there the mo- The Academy of Sacred Art. A tion picture is possible. Every mis- Sacred Motion Picture Foundation sion station in the larger cities of is needed which, like Nebuchadnezthe non-Christian world might pre- zar's dream-tree, will reach to sent good religious educational mo- heaven, and the sight thereof to tion pictures. Where can s u c h the ends of the earth and which has evangelical pictures be obtained? food for all. What an opportunity! There's th.e rub. This might be of greater service than a Radio City. It may, if Here is a possible solution. A rightly conducted, multiply the great Radio City or station is to power of the foreign missionary be established in New York at a thousands of times, even, as in the cost of $250,000,000. Some mil- case of the commercial. salesman, lionaire or group of Christian phil- 100,000 times. anthropists might found an acad- WHEN WILL PROSPERITY RETURN?

A LETTER sent recently by Roger W. Babson to editors of re- ligious papers emphasized the interrelation of spiritual and economic conditions and predicted a revival of interest in religion on the ground that people in general are now both physically tired and spiritually discouraged and "have no spiritual wealth on which to draw." "They lack that faith which is essential to personal or national progress."

Mr. Babson attributes present conditions to the concentration of thought upon material success and all sorts of pleasures instead of upon the more serious aspects of life. He reminds us that "a great mass of wage workers, executives and young business people have never before witnessed a severe business depression" and, being unemployed or losing money in business, "have no faith upon which to fall back." He points out that this younger generation has been fooling itself and now, discovering how it has been misled, it also discovers that it has nothing in the way of life preservers to cling to in a time of shipwreck. "More religion," he says, "rather than more legislation, is the need of the hour. Before prosperity can return there must be a renewed interest in the spiritual life by both individuals and nations."-The Presbyterian Advance.

fI1IODS FOR WORKf4

Edited BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK A SERIES OF WORSHIP SERVICES By Katherine Willis, Foochow, China GOD THE CREATOR need of the child. Give us a child-like "Remember now thy Creator, in the faith to accept so great and tender a days of thy youth, while the evil days love. Grant in Thy goodness that we come not nor the years draw nigh may meet all of life's pain and disap- when thou shalt say, I have no pleas- pointments sure that Thy love is the ure in them." one great reality. Amen.

Piano Prelude. Choir Anthem: "The Heavens Re- Processional Hymn: "Lord of All sound,"-Creation Hymn.

Being Throned Afar." New Testament Reading: Acts 17: Invocation: 22-30.

Leader: "0 come let us worship and The Lord's Praye.r: (standing)- bow down: let us kneel before the Chanted. Lord our Maker, His name is excellent in all the earth! His glory He has set Recessional Hymn: "Angel Voices above the heavens." Ever Singing."

Response: "When I consider Thy Benediction: "Behold I stand at the heavens, 0 God, the work of Thy door and knock; if any man hear my fingers, the moon and stars which voice and open the door, I will come in Thou hast ordained, what is man that to him and sup with him and he with Thou art mindful of him, and the son me." Amen.

of man that Thou visitest him 1" GIVING AS WORSHIP Leader: "He that planted the ear, "Behold I build a house to the name shall He not hear? He that formed of the Lord, my God, to dedicate it to the eye shall He not see 1 He that teacheth man knowledge shall He not him and to burn before him sweet in- know? Yea, happy is he that hath the cense." (2 Chron. 2: 4 and 5).

God of Jacob for his help, whose hope "And the house which I will build is is in the Lord his God." great: for great is our God above all Hymn (seated): "The Spacious Gods." (verse 15).

Firmament on High." Piano Prelude.

Old Testament Reading: Psalm 104 Processional Hymn: "The Church's (omitting last verse). One Foundation."

Prayer: Mighty God, Creator of the Invocation: spheres, the contemplation of Thee, Leader: "I was glad when they said Thy power, Thy wisdom, Thy great unto me, let us go into the house of the glory, Qverwhelms us. We cannot com- Lord."

prehend Thee thus. We are left weak Response: "Our feet shall stand and afraid. But still more incredible within Thy gates, 0 Jerusalem."

is Thy love. Thou hast sought us out Hymn (seated): "I Love Thy King- and taught us to call Thee Father- dom Lord."

charmed word that breathes of inter- Old Testament Lesson: 1 Chron. 29: est and CQncern with every minute 2-17; 20.

613

Prayer: Dear Father, Thou who Leader: "Take no thought for your knowest the heart and takest pleasure life, what ye -shall eat or what ye shall in uprightness, may Thy love move us drink, nor yet for your body, what ye to offer our gifts from hearts at peace shall put on. Is not the life more than witj! Thee and our neighbor. When meat? and the body than rainment?" we remember that the whole earth and the fulness thereof is Thine it is in- Response: "Your Heavenly Father credible that Thou shouldst have need knoweth that ye have need of all these of us. Yet Thou dost wait for our of- things. But seek ye first the kingdom ferings; Thou dost give us a share in of God and His righteousness and all Thy undertakings, longing to bestow these things shall be added unto you." upon us the blessing of Heaven in such measure as there shall not be room to Leader: "For man doth not live by receive it. Lead us to open wide our bread alone but by every word that hands to our brother. May we de- proceedeth out of the mouth of God. light to build up Thine altars where Therefore make it thy meat and drink Thy Word is preached, where we meet to do His will for to him that over- together to pray, where we learn to cometh will God give to eat of the pray and faint not. Amen. hidden manna."

Choir Anthem: "From Every Let us pray. Stormy Wind That Blows." Dear God, our Father, our hearts hunger for Thee. We call upon Thy New Testament Lesson: Mark 12: holy name, in our great need of Thee, 41-44; 2 Cor. 9:7; Luke 6:38. believing that Thou art near to every one of us. Grant unto us gathered here Offering received for Church Sup- the refreshment of new vision of port. (Before the ushers retire choir Thee; call us again to forsake our shall sing, "All Things Come of Thee own wills and to turn in new trust and dependence unto Thee. Give us the o Lord.") desire and the strength to overcome that we may taste of the hidden man- The Lord's Prayer (chanted). na. May we hunger and thirst after RecessionalHymn: "Glorious Things righteousness, that we may be filled of Thee Are Spoken." and know the blessedness of the in- dwelling of Thy Holy Spirit. Amen. COMMUNION SERVICE Choir Anthem: "God So Loved the "I am the Bread"-Jesus, the Christ. World," (The Crucifixion-Stainer). Piano Prelude. Processional Hymn: "As Pants the New Testame.nt Readings: John 6: Hart for Cooling Streams." 28-35, 37 in part and 51. Invocation: Leader: "Wherefore do ye spend Hymn (seated): "Break Thou the your money for that which is not Bread of Life." bread? and your labor for that which satisfieth not? Hearken diligently unto The Sacrament of the Lord's Sup- Me: come unto Me; hear, and your per. soul shall live." Choir Response: "Come Unto Me The Lord's Prayer (chanted). When Shadows Darkly Gather." Recessional Hymn: "Come Ye Dis- Hymn (seated): "Guide Me 0 Thou consolate." Great Jehovah," (Tune-Zion). Benediction. Responsive Reading: Leader: "He shall feed His flock AROUND THE WORLD WITH like a shepherd." Response: "The young lions do lack CUPID and suffer hunger, but they that seek the Lord shall not want any good Those who are going to put on the thing." program "Around the World with Cupid," (April number) and cannot possibly find the costumes may secure them through Mrs. Johnson, who has recently returned to America.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY HELEN M. BRICKMAN, 105 EAST 22D STREET, NEW YORK Council of Women for Home Missions FLORENCE G. TYI,ER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK F ederation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America WHAT DOES A RELIGIOUS WORK they most desired and the difficulties DIRECTOR IN A GOVERNMENT which stood in the way of obtaining INDIAN SCHOOL DOl it. One girl said her desire was to regain her child-like faith which she By A. A. VAN SICKLE had lost. Another said she wanted to become a missionary. Both asked for Itov. A. A. Van Sickle Is Religious Work Di· personal interviews to discuss their rC<!tol' at Haskell Institute, Lawrence. Kansas. problems.

When one is really looking for an opportunity to serve and finds himself in the midst of a thousand Indian young people, wide awake, eager and ambitious, it is not hard for a Reli- gious Work Director to keep busy.

The difficulty comes in choosing the most important things instead of being too busy with trifles-and yet, what are trifles? When we see Jesus talking to the woman at the well about such common things as water and family life, and then see the result of that conversation leading a whole Samaritan village in search for truth, it makes 'One wonder what trifles are. In answering the question, What Does a Religious Work Director Do? I will give you a glimpse of a typical week at Haskell Institute, starting with the department which takes most of my time-the Week Day School of . Religious Education.

We have an average attendance of 1,035 students at Haskell, about 32:0 being Catholic and approximately 700 Protestant. Some 350 Protestant stu- dents are enrolled in the thirteen re- VICE·PRESIDENT OF T HE COUNCIL OF RELlGfOUS EDUCATION OF HASKELL ligious classes. These courses are DRESSED ~'OR A PAGEAN'l'

elective, meet twice a week at regular Munday is a full teaching day but school hours, and high school students receive one-half unit school credit for one must take time to remind the them. Through these classes, one Chapel speaker and the speaker for comes into close personal contact with the Young Men's Forum Club-a vo- the students and is able to help in cational club for all boys of the school directing their thoughts and molding -of their appointments. After classes their lives. boys flock to the office. The cabinet At the close of an examination I of the Furum Club meets to outline asked the students to state the thing its program for the coming week. The 615

directQr is encQuraged as he sees the purpQse .of the CQuncil shall be t.o these 'Officers assume m'Ore and m'Ore discuss the religiQus needs and prob- resP'Onsibility and assume it effi- lems 'Of the students; to 'Organize, de- ciently. velQP and carry intQ effect an adequate The next day has fewer classes and prQgram 'Of religi'Ous education and SQ 'One has time fQr mail, letters and Christian living; and tQ be ready at repQrts. An inquiry CQmes frQm a all times, under any circumstances, t'O lady 'Of the state asking fQr infQrma- prQmote the interests 'Of the Kingdom tion oQncerning Haskell and partic- 'Of G'Od at Haskell Institute and ularly abQut the religiQus prQgram, thrQugh'Out the world.

she having been chQsen tQ speak 'On In the evening the direct'Or aCCQmthis subject 'On the WQrld Day 'Of panies the MethQdist students tQ their Prayer. A missi'Onary in OklahQma banquet. There is an important basketwrites telling 'Of the tragic h'Ome CQn- ball game at Haskell this evening diti'Ons 'Of 'One 'Of the y'Oung girls at which the girls are anxious to attend. Haskell and as~s the director tQ talk One said, "This is the third year that with her. BefQre 'One realizes it, I have gQne tQ the MethQdist banquet. schQQl is 'Over and fifteen young bQYs The other times I was a guest of Mrs. and girls, representing the schQQl's D'Oe, and she was just SQ nice to me. religiQus activities, have arrived tQ Every time I see her 'On the streets 'Organize a Student CQuncil 'Of Reli- nQW, she speaks. I wQuldn't have gQne giQUS EducatiQn. At this meeting, 'Of- tQnight if it hadn't been fQr that. I wanted to see that basketball game, ficers are elected and a committee is but I th'Ought how nice she had been apPQinted tQ draft by-laws. In the tQ me, and I wanted to tell her how evening the B'Oy SC'Outs meet.

Wednesday, there is an urgent call much I appreciated it." We return fr'Om the chairman 'Of the w'Omen's from the banquet in time for the last meeting f'Or the W'Orld Day 'Of Prayer. half of the game.

She wishes an Indian girl. It is nQt Thursday'S spare time is used t'O hard tQ select a girl, but 'One must lQ'Ok over student papers and prepare find her, get her excused frQm classes examinati'On questions. During the and prQvide means fQr her tQ gQ tQ period in the afternoon a teacher from the church. the Lawrence High SchQol comes tQ The Methodi,st girls hav;e, been in- talk over a prQgram which SQme 'Of vited tQ a banquet at th~ church. 'Our y'Oung people are tQ give at the The schQQl furnishes trartspQrtatiQn, church 'On Sunday evening. There are but the direct'Or must 'Order the truck classes to be visited, teachers tQ see, and pr'Ovide escQrts. In the midst 'Of and a conference with the superin- a' these. preparatiQns there is a kn'Ock tendent of the schQ'01. At 4: 30 the and bpy enters, hesitating and em- Student CQuncil meets tQ discuss the barrasse'd. Without taking time tQ Day 'Of Prayer prQgram. A cQmmittee sit dQwn, he says, "Can yQU tell me tQ arrange plans fQr prayer grQUps hQW I can get saved?" The directQr each day during the week is ap- is perhaps as much surprised as he pointed.

was embarrassed, but is t'Ouched tQ Friday, besides helping the prayer the heart by the sincerity 'Of the ques- gr'Oups c'Ommittee, there are hQspital tiQner and talks with him earnestly visits t'O be made and a conference abQut Jesus' Way of Life. Later the with the Presbyterian minister in boy's past'Or is called and asked tQ t'Own. At 7: 30 the students have talk with him. As a result the bQY is their den'OminatiQnal group meetings baptized and joins the church. with pastQrs and workers from the After schQQl, the CQmmittee 'On By- Lawrence churches. During Lent these Laws frQm the Student CQuncil meets. services are held each Friday night.

After much debate, it is decided that Saturday-this should be at least

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

partly a day of rest, but a group of a good talk by a local pastor and six boys has been detailed to clean beautiful music with choir and or- the Young Men's Forum Club room chestra.

under my supervision. So I am at In the evening I come back to Has- Haskell at 8: 00. For three hours we kell for the Young Men's Forum Meet- clean, dust and polish, and have a ing. About 75 boys are present. The good time in general. I have had time young president presides and the sec- to write a couple of letters and get retary takes his responsibilities very things ready for Sunday-school. One seriously. The boys sing lustily. After Sunday-school teacher has called say- two or three numbers by the string ing she cannot meet her class on Sun- trio, the speaker who is the head of day, so I have to find a substitute. the printing department, is intro- At 1: 30 there is a Teachers' and duced. After the speaker has pre- Employees' meeting called by the su- sented the opportunities of and train- perintendent. This is a fine oppor- ing needed for his profession, there is tunity to announce plans for the Week a general discussi'On and question of Prayer and extend t'O the teachers hour.

an invitation from the Student Coun- At 9: 00 p. m. I am home again cil to join in these ,services. Coming making some plans for Monday morn- from this meeting, I meet an Indian ing classes in order that I may be boy enrolled at Kansas University. able to start the work for another He tells me that money for his tuition week.

has not arrived and this sum must be paid in a few days. I spend the WOMEN THE WORLD OVER remainder of the afternoon with him From FR.'NeES GARSIDE, Publicity Depart- in an attempt to secure the necessary ment, National Board, Y. W. C. A.

funds. There have been various commis- Saturday evening Mrs. Van Sickle sions operating in India investigating and I attend a party given by one of social and industrial conditions, and the teachers. the following quotation from the Siam Sunday morning I arrive at Haskell report on the women of India is at 8: 30 as Sunday-school classes be- typical of the universal trend of gin at 9: 00 o'clock. I take a class of opinIOn. "It is a striking proof of fifteen students who are studying the change which has come over the Daily Vacation Church School work. Indian scene in the past twelve years A number of these students are plan- that no document discussing India's ning to work in Daily Vacation constitutional system, and the direc- Schools next summer among their tions in which it can be devel'Oped and 'Own people. improved, could omit the women .of This morning one of the girls who India today.

is studying work with Beginners has "All the legislative bodies except charge of the class. The rest of us are the Council of State have extended all little folks. We have a beautiful the franchise to women on the same worship service, singing, greeting and terms as men ….. In seven provinces prayer songs. The story is very in- out of nine, women may now be mem- teresting because our teacher illus- bers of the legislatures and W(]men trates it with pictures and other ob- from these provinces can become jects. members of the Legislative Assembly.

At 10: 30 the trucks are ready to ….. Side by side with these develop- take the girls to church downtown. I ments there has begun a strong move- pick up three boys and take them to ment to urge social reforms which church with me. After lunch I can would promote the progress of Indian sit down and really relax for an hour. womanhood …… The women's move- At 2: 45 I start for Haskell to attend ment in India holds the key .of prog- the all·school chapel service~ There is rel')s,"

A commission also put Ceylon under ingly evident to the Japanese woman a magnifying glass, making the recom- that her condition is bettered through mendation which passed the Legisla- Christian influences, influences that tive Council that general suffrage work through industrial and social should be granted to women over reforms. A man in Japan may no twenty-one. This, in a country where l()llger take a Geisha girl into his home a few years ago one rarely saw a and escape censure. The disapproval woman on the streets, is a proof of the of public opinion has brought about remarkable progress that country is this change, and women universally making. In the last five year,s, quot- credit the disapproval to the growth ing a secretary for the Y. W. C. A., of Christianity.

the number of girls working in busi- During 1929, girls of 39 nationali- ness offices has more than doubled. ties made use of the Y. W. C. A.

It is significant of what is happening Employment Bureau in Buenos Aires.

to racial barriers that the Association During the last few years Argentine is proving the profitable meeting place women and girls have been making of many races and denominations, a place for themselves in the business with nationality and creed forgotten. and professional world so that today In spite of criticism that has grown there are successful and much reat times into mutiny and rebellion, the spected women physicians, dentists, achievements of the Chinese Govern- pharmacists, teachers, writers, office ment during .the last two years have executives, etc. The Y. W. C. A. emhad their steadying influence. The ployment bureau in Rio de Janeiro is extent to which China has been opened the only one of its kind in all Brazil. up during the last few years is mar- Here, too, the Y. W. C. A. has found velous. Many roads have been built, something of universal friendliness and when one realizes that every good that has become an international bond road means the bringing of literacy for many women and girls who are a little nearer to the women of China, learning to work and play together, the advantage is more than material. irrespective of nationality, or race or Eighty~five per cent of China's 400, creed. The Y. W. C. A. in Chile 000,000 are living in country districts. proved its need when there came a The Young Women's Christian Asso- great financial crash to that country ciation began sending out women with and women who had never earned a primers in their hands when the jour- penny were forced into gainful emney was both hazardous and painful, ployment. In Uruguay, in Mexico, requiring many days in the most in the Philippine Islands, in one counprimitive of conveyance. Today when try after another women are coming the Y. W. C. A. goes beyond the city forward in business, social and legisgates it is over roads so good that it lative life, with the result that conis possible in the same period of time ditions for all women, and hence for to reach ten times the number of the country itself, are looking up. It women. is doubtful if there is a place on the map today where women are not ex- The census returns show that 8,- erting an influence undreamed of a 167,000 women in Japan are employed decade ago. as bread winners as against 7,803,000 men, the explanation of the prepon- ISABELLA THOBURN OOLLEGE derance of women workers being that their wages are smaller than those of By MARJORIE DIMMITT the men. They do the work equally Member of the Faculty well, and are preferred because they Isabella Thoburn College is alive- work for less. The statement is made vigorously, progressively alive. Its that one woman out of two in Japan student body of a hundred and fifty is gainfully employed., It is increas- has increased two hundred per cent in

ten years. Our dormitories are full. the very day when she wanted to pre- The addition of library and science side at a university meeting that Mr. wings to Nichols Hall is imperative if Gandhi was to address. The babe we are to accommodate those who are was within a week enrolled in our asking admittance. Until we can build class of 1948. the third arm of the building, an audience hall, even a fly added to our num- The achievements of these daughbers will have to sit on the ceiling to ters of India make us proud. One be accommodated at chapel. The of them after two years of college left faculty of twenty-four is efficient, and to take over a school for Moslem girls adequate for a larger student body. with some forty pupils. Going from In tune with the spirit of the times house to house in her conservative city it is almost half Indian. she eloquently urged mothers to trust their daughters to the tightly cur- Many is the graduate who refers to tained carts she would send to take the College as "heaven on earth." It them to school. Within six months means freedom and opportunity in a she had raised the enrolment to two way that American girls can scarcely hundred and twenty-five. She had only understand. Freedom here is new, an old soap factory for a school buildand girls come to college not because ing, so she and the children themit is the style to be educated, but be- selves whitewashed it into purity, a cause they have compelling ambitions. real feat of character for a highelass Clutnd Bagh overflows with the activ- Indian girl. One of last year's graduities that every college has-dramat- ates is deep in a battle now with the ics, clubs, sports, ceremonials, besides amazing ignorance and seclusion of studies. The dominant spirit is Chris- Moslem women in Calcutta. As the tian, and the one-third of the student only trained teacher in a large school body that is Hindu and Moslem comes she has to .undergo heroic efforts for under the spell of our Master Spirit, each reform she achieves. Hindu, never to be released from that mas- Moslem, or Christian-each girl who tery. A typical reaction came last year leaves our gates goes out to struggles when a Moslem graduate back on a that require the heroism of a pioneer visit expressed dissatisfaction at the to meet. They must do the bulk of the atmosphere of the Moslem school in work, but to share, even remotely in which she was teaching. "Ah, Jamela. lifting India's womanhood by helping the trouble is you have lived in a to enlarge the scope of Isabella Tho- Christian atmosphere so long that burn College is to put oneself on the nothing less will satisfy you now," high road to romance. Miss Shannon said. "Yes, that's it," she agreed. "People there are not lov- THE CROWD HAS NO MIND ing and unselfish." Contrihuted by President Hoover to the YaZe After graduation our students scat- New8. ter throughout this needy land, sharing the light they "receive to give." Leadership is a quality of the individ- They are strong, developed characters, ual. It is the individual alone who can contrasting amazingly with Indian function in the world of intellect and in women who have not had their oppor- the field of leadership. tunities. Most of those who are not married are teachers or doctors, and If democracy is to secure its authorieven marriage frequently does not in- ties in morals, religion, and statesmanterfere with careers in this land of ship, it must stimulate leadership from cheap servants. Last year one gradu- its own mass. ate, studying at the men's university for her master's degree requested ten Human leadership cannot be repl~n­ days' leave-to have a baby! And she ished by selection like queen bees, by was much upset because it arrived on divine right, or bureaucracies, but by the free rise of ability, character and intelligence. Even so, leadership cannot, no matter how militant, carry progress far ahead of the average mass of indi- vidual units.

Progress of the nation is the sum of progress in its individuals. Acts and

ideas that lead to progress are bam out .of the SermQn .on the MQunt. In all of the womb of the individual mind, not sacred and prQfane histQry, there out of the mind of the crowd. never lived but .one Man whQ CQuid qualify as a hundred per cent Ameri- The crowd only feels; it has no mind can, and men whQ deny .or abridge the of its own which can plan. rights .of .others fQr religion or race shQuld remember that Man was a Jew! The crowd is credulous. It destroys, it consumes, it hates, and it dreams, but LYNCHINGS IN THE UNITED it never builds. STATES SINCE 1885 It is one of the most profound and im- Compiled for the 1931 W,wld Almanac, by portant of exact psychological truths Honroe N. Work, head of the Research and that man in the mass does not think but Record Department of the Tuskegee Normal only feels. The mob functions only in a and IndustrIal Institute and editor of the wo'rld of emotion. Negro Year Book.

The demagogue feeds on mob emotions, Year I White I Negro I Total and his leadership is the leadership of 1885 ……. 106 emotion, not the leadership of intellect 1886 …. .. …… . 78 184 and progress. 1887 67 71 138 , 42 80 122 Popular desires are no criteria to the real need; they can be determined only 1888 · …… 47 95 142 by deliberative consideration, by educa- 1889 • • • • • 0. 81 95 176 tion, by constructive leadership.-The 1890 ……. 90 127 World Almanac, 1931. 1891 ………………… 37 121 192 1892 71 155 255 ONE HUNDRED PER CENT 1893 ·. . .. . . 100 154 200 1894 . .. . . 46 134 190 AMERICANS 1895 56 112 171 , 59 80 131 By the editor of the Rockvllle, Indiana 122 166 Tribune.; quoted in Twice Thirty, autobiog· . 102 127 raphy by the late" Edward W. Bok. 1896 51 84 107 44 107 115 There Is no such thing as a "hun- · …… • •• 0 .,. 25 dred per cent American." MQst .of 23 us are dQing right well if we can 1897 qualify as .one-half per cent Americans. What is a hundred per cent · 1898 …… American? Let us name a few things · 1899 …… that none will deny as being among 1900 • •••• o' 8 the attributes that define a hundred ·· .. ···1 1901 28 107 135 per cent American. He must first .of 10 86 96 all, before considering his own rights, 1902 •.••. o. 18 86 104 have a higher regard fQr the rights 1903 83 .of .others ; he must .obey the laws- 1904 4 87 nQt the laws he chQQses himself tQ 1905 5 61 66 .obey and demands enfQrcement on 1906 ……. 8 64 72 .others, but all the laws. He mu-st 1907 ………….. 3 60 63 never swear falsely tQ a tax return; 1908 7 93 100 he must never run his automQbile .on 1909 ……. 14 73 87 the public highway faster than the 1910 · .. . . 9 65 74 speed laws declare; he must .observe 1911 . .. . . ." . 8 63 71 whatever laws are made tQ pre-serve 1912 , …… 4 60 64 the sacredness .of the Sabbath; his 1913 ……. 1 51 52 daily life, and particularly his nightly 49 52 life, must be such a-s tQ cause his fel- 1914 • • • • • 0- 3 lQW citizens to respect him as a man 1915 ·. …… 13 54 6'7 .of high mQrality. And abQve all, when 1916 …… 4 50 54 it CQmes tQ casting stQnes, he must ………….' 36 38 1917 ……. 2 60 64 himself be with.out sin. 1918 ……. 4 76 83 To be "one hundred per cent Ameri- 1919 ……. 7 53 61 1920 ……. 8 59 64 can" a man must be .one hundred per 1921 5 51 57 cent Christian. He must always and 1922 6 29 33 everywhere .observe the Golden Rule. 1923 4 He must put in practice the precepts 1924 0 16 16 1925 . . . . . . .·1 0 17 17 23 30 1926 7 16 16 0 1927 1 10 1928 3 7 11 1929 …….·1 10 24 25 1930 1 …. ··1 Total 1,050 3,252 4,312

A law of 1909 made education com-

Churches Welcome Indian Viceroy pulsory and most of it is free. The government expenditure for this pur- T ORD IRWIN, on his arrival in Lon- pose has been ten million pesos a year 1…..1 don, was greeted by representa- but the law has never been adequately enforced and there have been only tives of the churches, headed by the 30,000 small public schools for six mil- Archbishop of Canterbury. Lord Ir- lion children of school age. Over 45% win's work in India, as the Christian of the population can neither read nor World puts it, has been "a distinct write. (In the Netherlands the perasset to the Christian cause," for "he centage is less than one per cent.) has nobly witnessed for Christ in high places, regardless alike of men'·s praise President Alcala Zamora has anor of their blame." A Manchester nounced that the Government will help GuaTdian correspondent reports a sig- the small farmers with loans at 5 per nificant remark made to him by a well- cent interest on crops already sown. known Indian politician, himself a Brahmin, who said that, after one of New Jewish Movement the Viceroy's interviews with Gandhi Lord Irwin remarked, "I assure you T HE "Elia Movement" among Jews that all your deliberations will have in Germany is an inner synagogal my best wishes and my prayers." Christward move, under the leadership "We haven't had," commented the of some men of undoubted ability. Brahmin, "an Englishman in any po- Unfortunately these men speak disresition in authority in India who would spectfully of other efforts to evanhave dared say that, no, not for fifty gelize the Jewish people, and thus years." Lord Irwin showed himself to Hebrew Christians and all those inbe a man of strong religious convic- terested in winning the Jew to Christ tions, and that is a characteristic that can only watch this movement with counts for much with the leaders of prayerful interest, trusting to see in Indian public opinion. A deep impres- it a real turning of Jewish hearts to sion was made by the fact that, in re- Christ. The movement is parallel with mote corners of India, the viceregal Zionism.

train would be stopped on Sunday P. T. L. Among the Portuguese T mornings S'O that Lord Irwin might HE Pocket Testament League has recently been started in Portugal attend some wayside church.-The Churchman. and Bible reading is promoted among Drive Against Illiteracy in Spain the Portuguese-speaking people. In- terest in the Bible grew when enquir- T HE new Republican government ers began to compare the Bibles which has taken the first step to free had been distributed among them with Spain from illiteracy. On May 28 that which bore the imprimatur of plans were announced for expending Rome. It was a critical moment as 2,300,000 pesetas (about $230,000), to passage after passage wa·s compared construct secondary schools in various and found to be practically identical.

towns. Several at once decided to follow the A law of 1857 ordained primary Lord Jesus, and in other hearts the education and every town of 500 or light dawned more slowly, but from more was to have regular instruction. that time there was steady progress.

621

There is now a fine evangelical con- Ru.sian Futurist Town gregation of Portuguese-speaking folk ON THE East side of the Ural, in numbering over 140. Hitherto their the neighborhood of the enormous spiritual needs have been seriously ore deposits of the so-called Magnet neglected, in spite of their compara- Mountain, a communistic town will tive readiness to receive the Gospel. ari·se in the middle of the Steppes.

The town will be given the name of Protestants in Rumania Magnitogorst and will have a popula- T HE Reformed Church in Rumania tion of 200,000. The town must be has two districts comprising 816 finished in 1937. The Frankfort archicongregations, with 880 ministers in tect, Mr. E. May, has drawn up the charge of 780,000 souls. The relation plans. It will be built on a spacious between this Church and the State has scale, with many parks. The Russian improved of late years, although there Peoples Commissioner writes as fol- are still some regrettable stipulations lows: "The dwellings for all inhab- made, unfavorably affecting minority itants will be the same. Till their Churches (e.g., in religious educa- 16th year, all children will be edu- tion) ; and the Church is at peace with cated in a town-institution where the other Churches, although concerned parents will be allowed to visit them over the great Romanist propaganda but not too frequently. The fathers (e.g., encouraging of mixed marriages and the mothers name may not be in which both parties are readily used. C<lmmunism aims at the de- bound to Rome). Rationalism and a struction of the family and the crea- variety of faddist creeds also cause tion of the collectivist man and wom- anxiety. But the inner life of the an. Cooking will take place in a central Church is healthy and hope-promoting. kitchen and the meals eaten in com- A useful new liturgy has been pre- mon." Towns of this nature, but on pared giving guidance according to a smaller scale are in Stalingrad and Reformed principles, and an adequate Soffrino, near Moscow.

curriculum of religious education has been devised, based on the Heidelberg AFRICA Catechism, which has also been reis- Political Situation in Egypt sued for daily use along with Bible T AST summer Nahas Pasha, the .I…J head of the Nationalist Party, preand hymnary.

Conferences, schools, lectures, and sented to the King his resignation ow- literary activities are helpfully pro- ing to friction between him and His moted in spite of discouraging restric- Majesty. To his amazement, the King tions, and teachers are being carefully accepted his resignation and was able trained in the best modern methods. to find a vigorous personality to as- Missionary interest grows steadily. A sume the leadership in the Cabinet in hopeful new feature is the wonderful- a de facto government. The National- ly promising work of the 300 Women's ist Party sought to express the dis- Associations with their 12,000 mem- satisfaction of the people by a series bers all immersing themselves increas- of demonstrations but in every case ingly in philanthropic, ameliorative, the demonstration was prevented by and preventive work. The 432 Sun- police and army. A new Constitution day-schools are making encouraging was announced. It would be easy to progress. Here, and in Y. M. C. A. be cynical with reference to the de- work, the greatest stress is laid on velopment of the new Governments in Bible study. A stewardship move- the Near East and the Orient. A dis- ment-towards systematic liberality- cerning student of human progress has had an auspicious beginning.- will look below the wave·s to the ocean Pr(}f. Imre, in the "Quarterly Regis- tides and if so, he will see in the po- ter" (}f the Alliance (}f Reformed litical development of lands like Egypt Churches. a steady progress in their apprehen-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

sion of what democracy means, what chief native commissioner for South- parliamentary government represents, ern Rhodesia to the British Govern- and a steady mastery, if a slow one, ment: of the lesson of self-control, intelli- "To mission credit stands the al- gent judgment, and practical-minded- most accomplished cessation of twin ness. murders, and it is only a question of time when the same mission influence Egyptian Girl Receives American will bring to an end what the law can- Degree not destroy, the pledging of infant E VEN the casual visitor knows the girls in marriage." life of seclusion that is led by the women of Egypt. In contrast to all New Church for Johannesburg A this, at this year's Commencement ex-T JOHANNESBURG, So. Africa, the corner stone for a new Methercises the American University at Cairo graduated the first Egyptian odist Episcopal church for natives was girl t{) secure an American B.A. de- officially laid. More than 100 Eurogree in Egypt. The audience of dis- peans and several hundred natives tinguished Egyptians was most enthu- were present. The new church will siastic when Mi·ss Eva Habib, the cost about $6,000 and the native Chris- daughter of the Secretary of the tians-most of whom earn only $250 Egyptian Senate, won this honor. This a year-have pledged to pay one-half young lady has not only won this cov- the amount required. There are 80,000 eted degree, but has made an enviable Portuguese East African natives on record in her studies and other college the Rand.

activities. During her senior year, she was editor-in-chief of the college Railroad. in Southwest Africa paper. 'l' HE great railroad which is to run .1 from the Bay of Whales in South- Progress in Yoruba west Africa to the copper and coal T WENTY years ago the OW{) dis- mines of Rhodesia is offering many trict of the C. M. S., Yoruba Mis- opportunities to the Rhenish Society sion, possessed three paid African working in this part of Africa. One workers, two of whom were supported of theil' missionaries is carrying on a by funds from England. Today the most promising work among the labor- workers number 157, and this in spite ers that are gathering here from all of the fact that three areas which for- over Africa.

merly belonged to Owo district are now worked separately and have their WESTERN ASIA own staff. Only two of the 157 are Alien Schools in Turkey A supported from England; all the restN ATTACK on foreign educational institutions in Turkey was made are paid from local funds. For the whole Owo district, however, there are at a meeting of the Association for only two African clergy; and Canon Fostering Turkish Culture in Smyrna.

Jebb is at the moment the only active Mouheddin Bey, president of the As- worker in priest.s' orders, for one of sociation, said that Turkish children the pastors is a deacon and the other in foreign schools had to guard has been in the hospital for several against two danger.s, religious propa- months past. ganda and ideas contrary to the spirit of nationalism. The history of the InAuence of Mission. American college, he said, proved GOVERNMENTS in Africa appre- clearly that it was a missionary insti- ciate the quiet but important tution. Past experience had shown service that is rendered by mission- that Turkish students who entered as aries. This may be gleaned from a good Mohammedans had graduated paragraph from the report of the wearing crosses on their breasts.

Therefore, he argued, it was time they Church, at Etchmiadzin, is not in Ar- should safeguard themselves against menia, but in Russia, and is theref.ore such institutions. Mouheddin Bey's confiscated, and is used, under Soviet speech was loudly applauded, but as rule, as a barracks for a detachment soon as the applause ended the head of the Red Army. Its famous library of the college adjourned the meeting has been plundered, its schools closed.

despite protests of the students-New Indeed, the only schools for the York Times. training of clergy now allowed to function at all are, first, that of the Jews Welcomed in Hebron patriarchate at Jerusalem (where a HEBRON, scene of the Jewish mas- priest of the American Church, Canon sacre of 1929, staged a very dif- Bridgeman, is a member of the staff), ferent performance recently. The New and also that of the Catholicate of Sis York Times reports that twenty Arab in Cilicia. Catholicate, for a long tIme notables on the eve of the Jewish a merely honorary and nominal post, Feast of Pentecost came out to greet has now become one of the key-points the Scrolls of the Law, which were of the Armenian Church, and its school ceremoniously reinstalled in a tem- near Beirut does its work in a building porary synagogue, kissed the ,scrolls, erected for the purposes of the Near begged the forgiveness of the lrl>d of East Relief. It was handed over to the Torah for Arabs having harmed Jews Armenian Church for educational pur- and swore to safeguard Jewish resi- poses when the first need was no long- dents in the future. "We have not suf- er urgent-and it is supported by the fered half the trials and tribulations Armenians of Beirut, Paris, and New we deserve for murdering your breth- York.-W. A. Wigram.

ren," said one of the Arabs to Haim Bajayo, a shephardic rabbi, who con- A Widow from Yezd A ducted the ,scrolls back to Hebron. The POOR widow of fifty years of age, had begged and borrowed from same Arab guarded Jewish worshippers on their festival visit to the friends and neighbors a sufficient sum Patriarch's cave at Machpelah, pro- to enable her to pay for her transpor- tecting them against possible molesta- tation to the sacred city of Meshed.

tion. Thirty Jewish families now re- She was quietly happy in her humble side in Hebron; more are expected to way, as ·she commenced the long jour- return later. ney to the tomb of the saint.

It was Khadijeh's first journey, how- T.he Armenian Church ever, and her seat on the high, sway- T HE position of the Armenian ing camel was none too secure. She Church continues to give anxiety dozed and jerked awake, fearing lest to its friends. The Church in its own she slip off her precarious seat.

lands remains in a pitiful condition. Suddenly Khadijeh found herself on Its existence is allowed in the tiny the ground. The caravan stopped.

Armenian republic of Transcaucasia, Fellow-pilgrims slid off their beasts but in Turkey all its monasteries and and, with the camel-men, gathered all of its forty-four episcopal seats around the groaning woman. Poor have been destroyed, all its church Khadijeh attempted to rise but fell property confiscated, even the ceme- back with a moan. A camel-man doc- teries where the dead repose desecrat- tor diagnosed her condition as a bro- ed, and thousands of its priests are . ken leg, bound it to a board and pre- dead, in and since the War. pared a place for her in a palanquin There are still some 30,000 Armeni- swung on the top of a camel. With ans in Turkey, but these have only old much groaning Khadijeh continued priests to minister to them, and per- her journey.

mission to ordain new ones is refused. When Meshed was reached, the Meantime, the old headquarters of the travelers carried Khadijeh to the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Shrine, for they all felt that the power Mr. Gandhi and the Gospel of Imam Reza could heal her broken bone. But the pain increased and after ASTATEMENT by Mr. Gandhi on three days of neglect Khadijeh began the work of foreign missionaries to have doubts of Imam Reza's power in the future self-governing India has to heal. She thought of the American been the occasion of a great contro- Hospital only a mile away and she versy. Dr. Stanley Jones has adpersuaded two of the pilgrims to car- dressed a long open letter to Mr. ry her there, where she was accepted Gandhi on the subject. Comments as an in-patient. An X-ray showed have been appearing in Protestant and that her leg was broken near the hip. Roman Catholic journals. Mr. Gandhi She was bathed, put into clean hos- deals with this controversy in Young pital clothes and a freshly made bed. India, and says that his statement What comfort! the first she had had should have been as follows: "If infor six weeks since that fall off the stead of con3.ning themselves purely camel one night out of Yezd. She to humanitarian work such as educalooked at the wall of the ward and saw tion, medical services to the poor and there a large picture of the Good the like, the missionaries would use Shepherd. Daily she heard the mes- these activities of theirs for the pursage of His life, His death and His pose of proselytizing, I would certainly resurrection, and slowly she realized like them to withdraw. Every nation that He was ker Saviour and that her considers its own faith to be as good pilgrimage of forty nights had not as that of any other. Certainly the been in vain. great faiths held by the people of India are adequate for her people. INDIA, BURMA, SIAM India stands in no need of conversion from one faith to another." He says: Hindu-Moslem Division "I hold that proselytizing under the cloak of humanitarian work is, to say T HE Gandhi-Irwin pact has been the least, unhealthy. It is resented by ratified by the Indian National the people here…. Why should I Congress, and Mr. Gandhi has been change my religion because a doctor appointed the .sole delegate to any con- who professes Christianity as his reliference at which the congress delega- gion has cured me of some disease or tion is desired by the government. why should the doctor expect or sug- There are some who believe that Hin- gest such a change whilst I am under du-Moslem riots are due to the activi- his influence? Or why should I whilst ties of a third party. Such activities, if I am in a missionary educational inany, bear fruit only because in both stitution .have Christian teaching communities there are a large number thrust upon me?"-The Christian Cenof persons who nurse old religious animosities and who Jive in fear of the tury. other community which may happen to be in power when self-government Mr. Gandhi and Missionaries comes. The All-India Moslem conference has declared itself solidly in favor SOME years ago Mr. Gandhi is reof ·separate electorates for Moslems, ported to have said that from the and has thus made the work of Mr. Sermon on the Mount he received the Gandhi extremely difficult. These reso- inspiration to start his campaign of lutions, together with the Cawnpore nonviolent noncooperation. Dr. Stanriot, are advanced as a justification ley Jones in "The Christ of Every for the British to remain in India and Road" writes: "I sat on the floor in keep peace between the two communi- the Ashram of Gandhi and listened ties.-The Christian Century. to an address given to a small group of the International Fellowship..• All 5 the time he was speaking I could not keep my eyes from a little picture just above his head. It was a picture of'

Christ upon the cross. As Gandhi almost no newspapers are read in the finished his address he turned towards country; that ways of disseminating us and said, 'Will you sing "When I ideas are extremely limited, and that Survey the Wondrous Cross.'" There thousands of people assemble on "mar- we sat-Hindu, Moslem, Christian- ket days." On such days, a wheel- and these who knew it sang it, some barrow gets a hearing.

of us with deeper meaning than ever Here are some of the exhibits: before." Model of a good road, and beside it a Now Mr. Gandhi said to the Mis- bad road. On the good road will be sionary Conference at Nagpur a few shown a man, prosperous, and wheel- years ago: "Today the missionaries ing his barrow in comparative ease.

tell people there is no salvation for Good roads will eliminate one large them except through the Bible and factor in famines. Other exhibits will through Christianity…. Do not be al- be of model wells which the villagers ways trying to preach your doctrines. may dig so as to have water available 'Christ never preached himself or any for irrigation during drought. Now ,dogma or doctrine." Bishop Badley in they depend on ponds. Another ex- his episcopal address at the last Cen- hibit will demonstrate reforestation.

tral Conference said: "The superficial- There will be health exhibits urging ity of this statement on Christ's teach- vaccination and other preventive meas- ing may be overlooked, but what shall ures. Agricultural exhibits will teach we do in the ·face of such an exhorta- the farmers how to treat their seed tion? … God's gift of eternal life wheat for preventi~n of disease, and through Jesus Christ is free to all other pests. Improved seed wheat will men, and nowhere can it be shown be shown and even sold. An evangel- that we have taken from any man his ist, a medical worker and agricultural liberty to accept or reject the Gospel specialist will accompany the wheel- message. We must, therefore maintain barrow.

our right, in the truest interest of I s India herself, to preach, baptize and Baptisms in Burma. teach, and so build the Church of THERE any other place in Burma Christ." Mr. Gandhi's utterance that where Christmas is celebrated by missionaries should withdraw when an early morning service such as that Swaraj comes, because he disfavors among the Kachins in Namhkam?

conversion, must make every Chris- About 4: 30 a. m., while the surround- tian, missionary or nonmissionary, ing world is steeped in sleep, lanterns think how he should act if Mr. Gand- in colorful display are lit all around hi's threat materializes. If Christian our compound and the large gong peels Indians feel a call to go and preach out its slow, dull, vibrating sound.

Christ outside India, may God enable We gather for a service of song, them to do so.-T. K. R. prayer and preaching which usually lasts until first signs of dawn.

Practical Gift from India. Christmas time seemingly helps the W HEN China's hunger suffering Kachins to turn their minds God- was reported to United Christian ward. We have had not less than ten Mission churches in India they not great Christmas gatherings where the only prayed-they sent real money. people came to meet and rejoice for a Realizing that the best relief is to period of two days. During the two help prevent a return of famine, the weeks following Christmas the Nam- ones to whom this money was entrust- hkam pastor and I baptized not less ed decided to fit up a ''Wheelbarrow than 152 Christians.

Exhibition." To understand its possi- In Maymyo there is a steady quiet bilities, one must know that nothing revival among the Kachin soldiers.

larger than a wheelbarrow can tra- Practically every month there is a verse the typical Chinese road; that large number of baptisms. The en-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

couraging feature of this movement is Why Students are Irreligious that it is carried on among the soldiers LAST autumn the principal of the themselves. Practically all the higher Middle School, the largest govern- Kachin officers, even the Subedar Ma- ment school in Yanchow, Kiangsu, jor, are earnest Christians.-Gustaf asked me to teach senior English to A. Sword, in "The News." his students. This has given me a good opportunity to observe the way Mother of BnrDla MethodisDl things are run in a government school, T HE foundation of the new edifice and also the minds of the students. of First Methodist Church, Ran- They seem to be growing increasingly friendly. In their desire to appear goon, Burma, was laid last March, its mlightened they accept the dictum of third building since the commence- the new intelligentsia that religion is a superstitious survival from the days ment of Methodist work in that city of prehistoric man's undeveloped menin 1879. Starting with street preach- tality. Never having seen anything ing in Tamil and Telugu there grew but false religion and ignorant of what up congregations which were the small Christianity represents, they have beginnings of the Tamil, Telugu, Hin- lumped all religion in the same catedustani, Burmese and Chinese work. gory. They are young, things have "Today," says the Rev. D. C. Bald- been coming their own way, and they win, Pastor, "the First Methodist may not have felt any particular need Church shar.es the challenge of the for religion. But as their experience new Burma. The promise of separa- deepens, they feel the need and therein tion indicates a new day for this land lies our opportunity.-Rev. E. H. Forof pagodas. In this brighter future ster, in The Spirit of Missions. our people would share the burdens of citizenship side by side with the peo- ples of other races and faiths. We Laboratory of Christianity believe that Christian character makes substantial citizens; we face the new CHRISTIAN work in the island of day with confidence, assured that we Hainan was opened forty – nine will find our best safeguard by play- years ago. An adventurous Scandi-. ing our part in serving Burma with navian sea captain turned missionary, the highest ideals of our Master." explored the little known island and reported to the Presbyterian Canton CHINA MLssion, which accepted responsibility More Bandits and Missionaries for developing work there. Steadily and successfully preaching, teaching ON JULY 4TH the notorious Com- and healing, have made progress. munist leader in Western Hupeh Curiously enough, several stages of Province, "General" Ho Lun, released its evolution have been skipped; from the Rev. Oscar Anderson after nearly bean oil wicks she jumped to 50 watt three months of captivity on payment bulbs, from solid wheeled vehicles to of a large ransom in medical supplies 1931 models. Small, modern cities furnished by the Swedish mission. Ho now flourish and an up-to-date hos- Lun is reported as storming towns be- pital has just been opened in Hoihow.

tween the Han and the Yangtzse Its isolation led Russian agitators Rivers (west and northwest Hankow). five years ago to select it as "A Lab- He still holds captive Bishop Ricci and oratory ,of Communism," and Com- four Catholic priests from the Laoho- munists, both Russian and Chinese, kow mission for the release of whom have sought by indoctrination, intimi- he is demanding a $75,000 ransom. dation, misrepresentation, and worse The foreign missionarie·s in North- to make the island Communist. A western Hupeh are gathered at Laoho- campaign of terrorism furced the kow. evacuation of many members of the

mission for one or two years. Finally become loyal and useful citizens of the government expelled the worst China, and may be prepared to aid agitators, but only temporarily as they in building up and strengthenirtg are again active. Few roads are safe their respective communities along for travel,; block houses line the hill moral, intellectual, and humanitarian tops along the highways; towns and lines, and to promote the general purvillages are under constant guard. poses had in mind by each of the sev- eral missionary societies in establish- Here is an excellent opportunity to ing its educational work in China. make the island "A Laboratory of Christianity." The Presbyterian Board Christianity aud National Differences is the only one at work there. When four of its representatives paid a re- TONG-STANDING as have been the cent visit, the president of the Chamber. of Commerce said: "Hainan is L differences between Japan and deeply grateful for the effective and sacrificial service of the American China, an interdenominational confermissionaries, and we want them to ence held in Shantung, China, had stay forever."-George T. Scott. for its principal speakers Dr. Cheng Ching-yi, General Secretary of the Educational Union in Central China National Christian Council of China, and Dr. Toyohiko Kagawa, Japan's A PLAN is under consideration for great Christian Socialist. "It was an the affiliation, in Wuchang, China, evidence of the power of Christian exunder the name of Hua Chung (Cen- perience to triumph over national diftral China) College, of the work of ferences that the Chinese delegates higher education hitherto conducted could give such a cordial welcome to a by various missions in several cities Japanese leader," declares Grace M. in central China. Breck of Lintsing. Dr. Kagawa be- gan by apologizing for the political The following institutions are in- wrongs of Japan against China. His cluded in the plan: Boone College, sweet spirit soon won all hearts. The maintained by the American Protes- Chinese delegates prayed in Chinese; tant Episcopal Church; Wesley Col- Kagawa in Japanese; the foreigners lege, maintained by the English sometimes in English-but they all Methodists; Griffith John College, understood the spirit. As all rose to maintained by the English Congre- sing at closing, "God Be With You gationalists; Lakeside College, main- Till We Meet Again," all felt, as Miss tained by the Reformed Church in the Breck expresses it, "the reality of United States, at Yochow, and Yale- Christian unity and fellowship regardin-China, maintained by the Yale less of national or lingual differences." Foreign Missionary Society, at Chang- -The Congregationalist. aha. Bandits and Pastors Hua Chung College will have a Chinese president, and a board of direc- T HE Chinese Christian pastor made tors resident in China, of whom prisoner by bandits endures suftwo-thirds will be Chinese. A board ferings about which the world never of trustees in the United States re- hears. Mr. Jen's ·salary is nine dolsponsible for the general administra- lars a month-barely sufficient to cover tion will hold property not yet owned the mast meager expenses. Jen owned by the affiliating institutions. some farm land, upon which, of neces- sity, he was semi-dependent. He was The purpose of Hua Chung College captured by bandits with other prisonshall be to provide for the youth of ers, some of whom were beaten, muti- China a college education of high, lated and killed. Before he was free, standard with a view to developing his family had to sell his farm and character and intellectual capacity in give more than :tour hundred dollars its students, in order that they may

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

to his captors…. Twenty-five miles he could not live. "Then I saw those from Tehchow lived the widow of a Christian women kneel down on the Christian pastor, herself a former fioor, and some with tears, pour out Bible woman. Her husband had car- their hearts in prayer for his life. I ried a thousand dollar insurance policy was not a Christian and had never with a foreign company. Upon his been to church, but even I could feel death the money went to his widow. that influence outside of ourselves that She was abducted and held until her filled that room. In three days the family had turned over twelve hun- child was well and running about the dred dollars, the insurance money plus room. I know there is power outside other savings. Yet, in the face of of us that can help us, and I have such tales, Rev. Leonard Outerbridge come back to Chinkiang determined declares that "this has been the most to be a Christian."–'Mrs. S. C. Far- encouraging year in evangelistic work rior, of Chinkiang.

that I have seen in China."-The Con- Rip Van Winkle China gregationali8t.

Peril in China I T IS interesting to watch this mod- ern Rip Van Winkle emerge from T HE shadow of a new civil war in the customs of hundreds, even thou- China has resulted in all Ameri- sands of years, and become up-to-date. cans near Foochow being warned to This is happening in our part of withdraw to· escape rebels advancing China today, in this provincial capital, down the Min River. General Chiang, Chinkiang, forty miles from the naprofessing little concern for the rebel- tional capital. The streets that have lion in the South, has taken the field been so narrow that you could almost to crush Hunan and Kiang·si Province touch the two sides with your outbandits and then he promises to retire stretched arms .are now broad streets from office to repudiate assertions that with wide pavements, a credit to any he desired to become a dictator or to town. As you step out of the way of found a new dynasty. Coincident with the wheelbarrow or the ricksha you assertions that the Southern China in- have to be careful not to be run over surgents were Communists, encour- by the automobiles and trucks that are aged by Russian cooperation, the gov- whizzing by. We used to see men ernment announced Nationalist troops strolling down the street, hand in had defeated 20,000 bandit Reds of hand. like a couple of school girls but Southern Kiangsi.-New York Times. now we may see young men and wom- en enjoying the companionship of each Christian Influence other as in America. Straw-covered huts are still to be A STRANGER came into the church seen, even on the new streets, and by one Sunday (at Chinkiang), an the side a very up-to-date building hour before the time for service, and with a concrete wall. A man with the just sat there. She had no friends in latest-cut foreign clothes, with pressed the church; no one had asked her to trousers and the latest style overcoat, come; nothing human had been may find his way blocked and speed brought to bear upon her coming. SM lessened by one who still ambles along said that she wanted to be a Chris- in his blue bags of pants and his tian, and the Sunday before had come queue tied around his head.

to church at eight o'clock instead of In this convulsion of 400,000,000 ten. As no one came in, she went people can be seen the new life pre- home, then came again the next Sun- dominating, then the old seemingly day at nine o'clock. She said that she swallowing it up, and then again the had been visiting in Shanghai when new coming to the top until a lasting the grandson of a Christian became ill impression is made.-Mr8. S. C. Far- with meningitis and the doctor said rior.

JAPAN, KOREA the children were surprisingly quiet Women Buddhist Priests and orderly. There were between two T HE Shingon -sect of Buddhism in and three hundred there. While the Japan has adopted another modern evangelist handled the projector, the innovation, namely, the ordination of Japanese pastor told the story which includes an outline of the life of women to the priesthood. American Christ. Tracts were distributed among the people in the audience. and European missionary methods Barber shops in Japan are open have been copied for a number of every day from early morning until late at night but they are closed one years, such as opening Shuynmdnasy-ssuchnogolts~ day each month, on the seventeenth. founding orphanages, Accordingly this barber has arranged to have a church service once a month Gospel tunes, but with different words at his home, always on the seventeenth whether it comes on Sunday or not. as "Safe in the arms of Buddha ,; They are also preparing to have a Sunday-school every other week, but "Onward, Buddhist Soldiers," and the that, too, will have to be on some other day than Sunday because the pastor establishment of a Young Men's Bud- working in that district already has a ful! Sunday program.-Charles M. Ledhist Association. Women priests are Galley, in "Outlook of Missions."

to pass an examination before ordi- nation, according to a recent confer- ence held in Kyoto, dress their hair in sober fashion, and wear no colored vestm~nts. They may not, however, serve III the large and more important temples, but are to be appointed to the branch temples of which there are nearly 10,000 in Japan, and of which "I number nearly one-fifth are at present The Value of Kindergartens without priests. N J APAN mothers have little idea of training and governing their How a Barber HelpB children," writes Miss Cornelia Jud- A BOUT a month ago I had an in- son of Matsuyama, Japan. "Many lit- tle ones come to us showing that they 1.. teresting peep into the rural life have never yet known the way of obedience. Here they first learn (most of Japan and the work that is being come from non-Christian homes) that done by evangelists in the villages there is a Father-God watching them where there are no Christian churches. loving them, wanting them to be kind: The evangelist from the Reformed truthful, obedient, unselfish, and the Church Mission at Sendai asked me results of the training are shown in to go along to a community of about the large number (86) of our chil- 800 where he was to help a native dren wh() have become monitors of pastor from a neighboring city give their classes in primary and higher a lantern-slide lecture based on Van schools. Our Night Scho()l Sunday- Dyke's story, "The Other Wise Man." school with an attendance of about 150 is largely composed ()f children who There is no church or pastor in this have been in the Kindergarten; others community but a barber and one or attend the Church Sunday-schools. All two others in the village are Chris- Christian workers in Japan are very tians and they had arranged that this strongly emphatic about the value of service -should be held. teaching the little children."

We were taken to a warehouse which was already jammed with people, a large proportion of whom were children. There were no seats of any sort and the room was not heated al- A New Church in Korea T though it was the middle of February HE union of the two Methodist churches in Korea was not the with snow on the ground. The crowd was squatted on the floor as close to- patching together of two similar gether as they could be packed and ready-made systems. It was a case of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

thinking through policies, plans, and of a church service in America at 2 : 00 doctrines to find what was best for a P. M. in mid-summer heat, with a modern church in a new field. semi-tropic sun added, attracting a Take, for example, the episcopacy. capacity audience as a regular and not There was a strong sentiment in favor an extraordinary thing. The Chris- of a "president" who would be a pre- tians in Pyengyang go to church by siding officer of assemblies rather than the thousands.

a bishop or full-time paid leader. They More than 900 Christians in a coun- wanted to make sure that there would try circuit pledged themselves recently be no third order or apostolic succes- to work definitely for the conversion sion ideas in the new church. When of three friends, each praying daily they decided to have a general super- for them throughout a six months'

intendent they proceeded to limit his period. As a result, every church has powers in such a way that democracy a large growth in membership and should have a chance. two doubled in size.-The Presbyte- Baron Yun, the leading Southern rian.

Methodist layman, feared at one time that too many new things might be ISLANDS OF THE SEA adopted. He urged moderati.on so Philippine CODlDlissioner's Views that the child would be recognized by CAMILO OSIAS, Commissioner for its parents. He claimed that the re- the Philippines in the United port of the commission put the Korean Church 300 years ahead of the mother States, is a product of Christian mischurches and he did not think the mothers would recognize any of those sions. When asked recently whether that· went further. In -substance he said, "We are a young church, only a foreign missions have been of real few years old. The mother churches have lived long-maybe 200 years. We service to the Philippine-s he replied: have given women the right of ordination, and it will take them a hundred Absolutely, and the service has been years to get it in the Southern Meth- most constructive. The Philippines stand odist Church. We have granted lay- as exhibit A, testifying to the efficiency men equal numbers in the Annual Con- of the foreign mission enterprise. Nineference and it will take them a hun- ty-two per cent of our own people are dred years to gain that privilege in nominally Christian, due to the influence the Northern Church." of missions. The American people should not judge the efficacy of missionary work It was not independence that pri- in tenus of church membership or physmarily started the move for this new ical assets alone. It should be judged church, it was the desire and necessity more on the basis of the larger service for union of two small groups in the engendered. Religious freedom, the open face of their mountain-like obstacles. Bible translated into the vernacular, and They have a great opportunity. Help the spirit of democracy are a few of the them meet it.-Dr. George F. Suthe.r- notable fruits of Christianity not meas- urable by statistics.

Dr. Osias feels that missionary ef- fort should stress three points:-de- veloping a deeper spirituality; pro- moting a native Christian literature and striving to secure church union.

land, in "The Christian Advocate." New Zealand-Then and Now Mission Work in Korea NE hundred years ago when Sam- O OREANS packed to the doors, on, K a terribly hot Sabbath afternoon New Zealand, to establish a mission, uel Marsden went to Wainate, in June. What was it-a political the Maoris were cannibal warriors.

meeting, a movie? Neither. It was Sometimes, one of the missionaries the regular church service in West said, he would find in the morning a Church, one of twenty-three Presby- row of heads stuck on his fence. They terian churches in the city and imme- were the evidences of a raid and a diate environs of Pyengyang. Think cannibal feast. Today the Maoris are

Christians, with their own pastors tion into an effective political and and bishops. The first church was educational force. The announcement built at Wainate in 1831 and George originates from a group of individuals Selwyn settled there in 1842. An old upon whom many dry counsellors have Maori spoke as follows at the recent informally laid the responsibility of centenary: "I believe in the Word of leadership with something like a man- God. In Wainate the first school was date. These individuals will begin an opened in New Zealand and there the intensive drive to last from Septem- first oak was planted…. I don't like ber, 1931, to June, 1932, designed to to advise the white folks not to work erect in every county and precinct of on Sundays. The Maoris may do like- the United States a working organiza- wise and spoil their reputation! Unity tion of "Allied Citizens Supporting the is the great thing." Eighteenth Amendment." Three men Captain Rushwork, a member of in the leadership of this aggressive Parliament, said: "When the early program are Dr. Daniel A. Poling, the missionaries came to New Zealand Hon. Oliver W. Stewart and Col. Ray- they had no hope 'of returning home. mond Robins. They have the confi- It was like going to the moon. How dence of the entire dry public and they many of us would volunteer for such a know the problem. They have no pro- service? Today we honor these early fessional connection with any dry law- Christian pioneers while nothing is enforcing or legislative agency. They planned in memory of the traders or stand above the prejudices with which the beachcomber who lived and drank either wets or drys have assailed this riotously." or that agency. They therefore may Seed on Good Ground hope to command a unified response on the part of the dry citizenship. A PATIENT in the Tagbilaran hos- pital, in the Philippines, was The appeal will be addressed to all given a Testament. After recovery he citizens who hold that the traffic in took his Testament with him into the beverage liquor is. a social evil of the distant mountain barrio and later, first magnitude; that prohibition of the traffic by constitutional enactment when a colporteur of the American is the only effective way for American Bible Society was unsuccessfully try- society to deal with it; that, despite ing to sell Bibles in a near-by town, its violation and much weakness in its an inhabitant said to him: "In the enforcement, prohibition is a far hills they are all asking for that book." greater success than the distorted in- The colporteur went to the barrio terpretations given in the dominant indicated and found that the chief man wet press have led many to believe; was the one who had been in the hos- and that the present need is for dry pital at Tagbilaran. This man had been leading his people in Bible study, public sentiment to embody itself in had organized them into a congrega- 'Organized form in order to meet eftion and regular worship was being fectively the present crisis, and to mobilize general public opinion in beheld every Sunday. half of the voluntary observance of "We had no teacher," said he, "so the law.-The Christian Century. we just read the Bible before the peo- ple and let the Bible speak to us. We Million Dollars Put to Work D had no prayer book, so we just closed URING the thirty years of its his- tory, the Bible House of Los our eyes and talked to God." Angeles has received and expended NORTH AMERICA over a million dollars for the dissemi- A Law Observance Ca.m.paign nation of Christian literature. The A COUNTRY-WIDE campaign will Society was organized shortly after be launched in September to or- the close 'Of the Spanish-American ganize the dry sentiment of the na- War for the special purpose of provid-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ing Testaments and Gospels for free a great personality and pastor of Sec- distribution among the new Spanish- ond Presbyterian Church, Pittsburgh.

speaking citizens of the United States. Dr. Swift received his education at Since that time more than seven mil- Williams College under the powerful lion New Testaments and Scripture missionary influences which flowed Portions have been given without from the Haystack Prayer Meeting of charge to missionaries and colporteurs 1806, was himself accepted for mis- in Spanish-speaking lands throughout sionary appointment but never went to the world. Large editions of similar the field. He was the first secretary literature have been issued in Portu- of the Society.

guese, French, Italian, Arabic, Ger- Africa and India were the first fields man, Chinese, Rausa and Icelandic. of ·service for this new society. On Besides all this, many millions of the January 31, 1832, the society recorded well-known "Underscored" tracts and this action: "Resolved, That in view booklets in several languages have of the spiritual wants of Africa, this been widely scattered. The work is committee will make it their first obsupported wholly by voluntary offer- ject, if the providence of God shall ings. seem to open the way, to plan a mis- sion at some suitable place on that Century of Presbyterian Foreign Mis- continent as soon as the requested 'Sions measures can be adopted to effect that ONE hundred years of organized important end." Rev. John C. Low- Presbyterian Foreign Missions rie, from Western Theological Semiwere celebrated at the meeting of the nary, Pittsburgh, offered himself for General Assembly in Pittsburgh, May service in India, and on May 30, 1833, 28-June 3. The centennial of the or- sailed with Mrs. Lowrie for India.

ganization of the Board will be ob- served in 1937, but the Synod of Experiment in Missionary Education A Pittsburgh in 1831 organized the T THE Madison Avenue Church of Albany, N. Y., one Sunday eve- Western Foreign Missionary Society. The American Board of Commis- ning each month is set aside for mis- sioners for Foreign Missions (Congre- sionary education. Group meetings gational) was organized in 1810 and for informal discussion and questions for many years Presbyterian churches. are held; one group for men, one for sent their foreign mission gifts women, another for boys and girls of through the American Board. Strong high school age, and a fourth for feeling existed, however, that the work young people, the subject again being of foreign missions was an obligation presented at the regular evening serv- of the Church itself in its distinctive ice. Later motion pictures are shown character as a Church and that the and opportunity given for further dis- Assembly should organize its own cussion and questions. Three mission- Board of Foreign Missions. In 1831 aries, Rev. Boude C. Moore, of Japan, the Synod of Pittsburgh, realizing Dr. Taeke Bosch, of China, and Rev.

that the Church itself in its distinc- John D. Muyskens, of India, have as- tive character as a Church is a mis- sisted in the project. The Board of sionary society, organized the Western Foreign Missions has furnished excel- Foreign Missionary Society, and ap- lent motion pictures for $1.50 a reel.

pealed to the whole Church to make Information has been given and inter- sure of its work. The Rev. Dr. Elisha est stimulated in the countries stud- P. Swift was active in promulgating ied; also the meetings have given the the principle that "the work of foreign opportunity for the people, especially missions is not an optional interest the youth, to meet missionaries in w be left by the Church to individuals an informal way.-Christian Intelli- and voluntary associations." He was gencer.

Will the Protes,tant Episcopal Church lineup waiting for a "white collar job,"

Enter India? there are forty-two white men whl} THE committee of the National take precedence over him; if he is in Council of the Protestant Episcopal the unskilled labor group, he must Church reports a letter from the compete against fourteen. The high Archbishop of Calcutta, expressing turnover jobs are his and even here, again the hope that the Church in as well as in the traditional trades of the United States will undertake work his people, such as barbering, serving in India. The Rt. Rev. V. S. Azariah, as waiter, etc., there is a definite trend LL.D., Bishop of Dornakal, urges that to replace him by white labor. No the American Church begin work in matter what his work, his wage is. India in the Singareni area of Dorna- lower than that of the white man in a like position. So the Negro woman kal. turns earner. -Leila A. Rothenberger. Part of this area has been worked by the American Methodist Episcopal Mission but the Methodists have with- New Dry Daily Newspa.per T drawn and have turned over the en- HE New York City newspaper which Stanley High is organizing tire responsibility to the diocese of Dornakal. Bishop Azariah states that will be "first of all a newspaper, run they are unable to meet this new re- by newspaper men, under a hard- sponsibility without aid both in per- boiled business leadership," said Stan- sonnel and money. ley High after his resignation as ed- A forward step was taken by the itor of The Christian Herald was an- National Council by a report for ref- nounced.

erence to General Convention, asking According to present indications, he ,that consent be given to the under- said, the first issue of the new paper taking of the work outlined by the would appear this year. Approxi- Archbishop of Calcutta and the Bishop mately one-half of the $10,000,000 of Dornakal, on condition that suf- capital has been subscribed, and the ficient financial support can be secured rest is "hopefully in sight."

to carry it on for a trial period of "It is a mistake," he said, "to get three years at an approximate cost, in- the idea that this will be a prohibition cluding capital expenditure, of $15,000 newspaper. There are certain definite a year. issues, in my opinion, more pressing than prohibition. We intend to do The Most Courageous Woman more definite crusading on economic WHEN Dr. Edward A. Steiner and international issues than we do on toured Europe to find the man prohibition. And we shall give these lowest down, he found the greatest subjects as much news and editorial burden bearer to be the Slavic woman. space as we give to prohibition."

Recently a group of thirty-four peo- On the basis of recent research in ple, nineteen white and fourteen black, newspaper circulation Mr. High said toured our southern states in the first that he expected 100,000 paid subinterracial seminar on wheels. Going scribers, not including newstand buy- as a fact-finding group they, too, ers, before the first issue appeared.

found a woman-the most courageous The primary circulation emphasis, one in the United States. She is the moreover, will be outside New York Negro wife and mother. in the area beyond the commuting In a double sense, the Negro woman zone. Thus national and international is the bearer of her race. Besides issues will command more space than bearing children, she is forced, by the in current dailies, although city news economic conditions under which her will be covered "adequately." The people live, to join her husband as paper will appear every week day wage earner. If her husband is in the morning, but Sunday editions will be

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

omitted. Its publishing plant will be of overcoming their SUspIcIon, scien- in the metropolitan area. A few "key tists have studied them very little.

men" of the staff have already been selected. If business conditions con- A Guayaquil Campaign I tinue to improve the first issue will N A Gospel campaign in Guayaquil, probably appear before 1932.-Herald- the Christian message was force- fully heralded to 120,000 Ecuadorians Tribune.

for fourteen days. Every day the two LATIN AMERICA leading papers of the country, El Tele- Progress in Tolerance grato and El Universo, published well- written announcements and invita- PROTEST ANT Christians have won tions to the "Templo Evangelico," and respect in Guatemala, as shown by 5,000 circulars were distributed daily. the fact that Protestants are in great These efforts, backed by prayer, demand as servants, bill collectors, brought together large adult assemoverseers and similar positions requir- blies. A meeting for men only was ing honesty and reliability; and by the attended by nearly a thousand repreclasses of people being reached. At sentative doctors, lawyers, city offifirst, only the down-and-outs who had cials, as well as artisans; perhaps the nothing to lose dared come to evan- largest group of men ever assembled gelistic services. The well-to-do would in Ecuador to hear the Gospel. In all not even come, like NicodBmus, by the after meeting,s, many knelt in renight. Gradually the literate class pentant prayer, and decided to accept began to come, then the intelligentsia. Christ. Over 1,200 meet every Sunday in Guatemala City to study the Bible and Brazilian Worker for Africa are not afraid of being called Protestants. In most outside towns meet- T HE Brazilian Church, in its comings can be held with no likelihood of parative youth, is planning to furinterference, and in any event support nish missionaries for Africa. The of officials can be relied upon. first to enter upon this service was Miss Celenia Pires Dantas, who went Another Uttermost Part to Angola over a year ago under the auspices of the Women's Missionary T HE New York Times announces a Society of the United Church of Can- special expedition into Bolivia to ada. Enthusiastic reports of her work study the last remaining remnants of have been received.

the Uro-Chipaya Indians. These Indi- Miss Dantas, a teacher in the Gov- ans, who were established in the high- ernment school in Campina Grande, lands of Peru and Bolivia, hundreds was converted about six year.s ago, and of years before the Incas of the Ay- has rendered efficient service in the maras or the Quechuas, live in miser- Sunday-school of her own town. The able round mud-huts with thatched Angola Mission is seeking additional dome-shaped roofs, scattered in small workers from Brazil, where the Por- groups on the desert between the tuguese language is spoken.

Andes and Lake Poopo, the same re- gion to which their ancestors were GENERAL exiled by the conquering Aymaras be- Laymen's Foreign Mission Inquiry fore the arrival ()f the Incas. In their A BOUT a year ago plans were made life of isolation, these Indians have t1 by leading Protestant laymen preserved many of the customs ob- (among whom was John D. Rockefel- served before the Spanish conquerors ler, Jr.), to conduct a thorough inves- arrived, and the women stm wear tigation of foreign missions as con- • dresses such as those found on pre- ducted by Protestant churches of the historic Peruvian mummies. Because United States at a cost of about 40 of their remoteness and the difficulty million dollars annually.

The executive committee appointed five denominations for their official at that time, headed by Albert L. approval. Scott, a leader among Baptist laymen, announces that 10 of the 12 members Three denominations, Congregaof the investigating commission have tional, Christian and United Brethren, now been named. They are: Dr. W. have recently organized the Evan- E. Hocking, professor of philosophy at gelical Church of Puerto Rico. This Harvard; Mr. and Mrs. Harper Sib- new church embraces a total of 36 naley, of Rochester, N. Y.; Miss Mary tive organized churches, with a to- E. Woolley, president of Mt. Holyoke tal membership of 3,518. The move- College; Dr. H. S. Houghton, dean of ment toward union originated in the the University of Iowa College of island, and with the full approval of Medicine; Dr. Charles P. Emerson, the Boards in the United States, the dean of the University of Indiana actual working out of details was left School of Medicine; Dr. Arlo A. with the Puerto Ricans and the few Brown, president of Drew University; missionaries on the field.-Federal Dr. W. P. Merrill, of the Brick Pres- Council Bulletin. byterian Church, New York City; Dr. Albert R. Mann, dean of Cornell Uni- Men and Missions Anniversary versity Agricultural College, and Dr. Rufus M. Jones, professor of philos- NOVEMBER 15, will mark the ophy at Haverford College. Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the meeting at which the Laymen's Mis- The names of the other two com- sionary Movement was launched in missioner.s will be announced later. the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian This commission will leave next Octo- Church, New York City, in 1906. It ber for a nine months' study of mis- is recommended that churches everysions in India, China, Japan and where commemorate this day as "Men Burma. and Missions Sunday," with sermons on some phase of the theme; with a More Ohurch Union layman to speak on the same topic for five or ten minutes; taking up this AREQUEST for the union of Con- subject in men's Bible classes and on gregational, Methodist and Pres- "the air" in order to call men to rebytErian churches in Australia was newed interest in the study of Chrismade in 1916. At a recent meeting tian missions at home and abroad. of the three churches under the leadership of the President-General of the An interdenominational men's meet- Methodist Church, negotiations took a ing is to be held in the Fifth Avenue step forward. A committee was Presbyterian Church, New York, named to arrange a basis for federa- in the afternoon and simultaneous tion, and in the meantime there will men's meetings in other cities from be an interchange of pulpits in order coast to coast. Some of the foremost to further the process of unification. laymen and missionary leaders will speak concerning the world·wide mis- A Federation of Evangelical Church- sionary obligations of Christian men. es has now been formed in Brazil, as Probably the interest of men concernthe outgrowth of a meeting in Rio de ing their relation to the world work Janeiro (February 3d) attended by of Chri·st has increased a hundredfold representatives of the Presbyterian, in the past twenty-five years. It is Independent Presbyterian, Episcopal, probable that over 800,000 men will Congregational and Methodi·st bodies. listen in on the discussion over the Professor Erasmo Braga, a distin- radio next November. guished Protestant leader of Latin America, was elected Corresponding The offices of the Movement are Secretary of the new organization. located at 19 South LaSalle, St., Chi- cago, Ill. and at 419 Fourth Ave., New The constitution is now before the York City.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Archibald Orr Ewing-"That Faithful and maintain an intelligent missionary in- Wise Steward." By Marshall Broom- hall. 150 pp. 28. 6d. China Inland terest in his church in Nashville, Ten- Mission, and The Religious Tract So- ciety. London. 1931. nessee. He is also chairman of the There is no endowment so great as Executive Committee of Foreign Misthe memory .of sacrificial service. This "Faithful and Wise Steward," sions in the Presbyterian Church in was born in Liverpool 1857 and died in 1930 at Southampton. His long the U. S. Yet he insists in the introlife represented two periods of service in China in Shansi Province to the duction to this book that he is not "a North and Kiangsi the South. In 1911 he returned to England for health ims isvseiroynamryu·cehxpaenrte."xpeFrot ronallthtehaht~mhee reasons. Heir to his father's fortune he was not only an honorary mission- end of the world enterprise and pasary of the China Inland Mission, but a steward whose bounty made possible tors can learn from the volume how the expansion of the work at a critical period in the history of this Society. to approach people who have all kinds "As a missionary he knew a missionary's needs, and his gifts in the head- of difficulties about the work. It is a quartel'"s at Shanghai, in the school at Chefoo, in the sanatorium at Kuling, book, as good after a few years as toand in a hundred other ways, were for the efficient service, the well-being day, hence, it does not deal with and the comfort of his fellow-workers. In this way he became the beloved merely passing world conditions, exminister and servant of his brethren." cept by way of illustration. Several Such a life of sacrifice and devotion is insplrmg. Here is a present-day chapters are of peculiar importance illustration of a rich young man whom Jesus loved and who did forsake all for the present hour, such as the one to follow Him. Mr. Ewing's manly courage, bold evangelism, affectionate on "The Intolerant Christ" which furhome-life and cheerful disposition are outstanding characteristics. nishes a needed answer' to the easy S. M. Z. proposal that all religions shall be reckoned of equal value, and another on "The Creed to tChoensqoumeretwhheaWt sot>rilnd~"­ which deals with less suggestion that Christianity is whatever one likes to think it is and that it is so much a "way of living"

that it is not also a way of thinking.

~he book is instinct with common sense and Christian sagacity.

C. B. MeA.

HEy My Spirit." By Jonathan Goforth. 189 pp. Gospel Publishing House Springfield, Mo. 1931. '

Dr. Goforth after engaging for many years in various lines of mis- The Field Is the World. By James I. sionary labor in the province of Ho- Vance, D.D., LL.D. 164 pp. Presby- nan, North China, wi'th ever increasing terian Committee of Publication, Rich- emphasis on direct evangelism, re- mond, Va. 1930. sponded years ag,o to his conviction Dr. Vance is an experienced pastor that he had received a very clear call who has had much occasion to build and of God to a wider ministry, both to 637

nonChristians and to those already tions that portray in detail, disadvan- in the Christian Church. Invited to tages and evils which still handicap many parts of China to conduct re- the progress of a portion of the women vival meetings, he has not only called of India, even these sections' are free "sinners" to repentance, but has also from any taint of personal invective.

summoned the Christian "Pharisee An important place is given to Indian and Sadducee" to bring forth fruits agencies of reform, such as the Wom- meet for repentance in confession and en's Indian Association, and the All- reparation. It is of his manifold ex- India Conferences for Educational and perience and observation of results in Social Reform. Both in the sources this nation-wide ministry that Dr. referred to throughout the text, and Goforth writes in this book in copious in the bibliography, Indian and Euro- attest of his mature conviction that pean writers have been referred to the Spirit of God is the only power impartially, and the bibliography in- which can set pagan or Christian right cludes writers ranging all the way with God and with fellow man, and from British officials to the most transform the individual, the family ardent Nationalists. A. B. VAN D.

and the social relations of men on earth into the relations of the King- Seen and Heard in a Punjab Village. By dom of Heaven. While perhaps some- Miriam Young. 228 pp. 58. Student what over-critical of those who have Christian Movement Press. London.

not altogether. agreed with his meth- This is the story of how two English ods, and of his fellow-missionaries in women lived and worked f.or three general, he yet relates many telling years in village fashion, and by naincidents of the great Manchurian re- tural contacts with simple friendly vival and of subsequent local move- neighbors came nearer to understand ments of the Spirit in many places, the way the Indian villager looks leading up to his establishment of the at life and at the Christian message Canadian Presbyterian Church's new of the missionary. It is suggestive of Mission in Manchuria. The book will the simplicity of their effort that the contribute to the reader's assurance word mission and missionary seldom that the day of spiritual miracles has occurs in the story, written by one of not passed. them.

The Key of Progress: A Survey of the Nearly the entire first year was spent as a sort of apprenticeship, Status and Conditions of Women in In- satisfying curiosity, overcoming the handicap of being known as a for- dia. By Several Contributors. Edited eigner, making friends and studying by A. R. Caton with a Foreword by H. E. the Lady Irwin. 7s. 6d. Oxford University Press. London.

Here in small compass, are the main how to adapt the message to the men- facts concerning the life and progress tality of the listeners, and how to get of Indian women. It is a survey, them to listen. The whole book de- packed with information presented in lights the reader by its fresh, intimate a highly concentrated form, and care- and readable account of Punjab village fully organized and documented. The life, and there is much of genuine subjects dealt with are education, missionary interest in the attempt of health, marriage and home life, the the writer to sum up the value of the social evil, rural life, and the place of mass movement. The last chapter, women in industry. A complete and "How We Tried to Present Religion,"

well arranged bibliography adds to will be read more than once by many the value of the book. workers in the foreign field as they This study has been made from a seek to know what was and what was purely objective and scientific stand- not accomplished by this unusual outpoint. While there are certain por- pouring of loving sacrifice. J. C.

BOOKS WORTH READING

The Grass Roof. By Younghill Kang. Concessions at AmDY and Chinkiang, 367 pp. $3.00. Scribner's. New York. and for the Reorganization of the 1931. Shanghai Provisional Court, the Brit- ish Boxer Indemnity Agreement, and This life story of a young Korean the documents relating tD the SinD- Russian railway dispute. is as refresbing as a mountain breeze. ~e treatment of the Christian The author, with fine powers of de- Movement in China (pp. 307-319) is rather inadequate when compared scription, graphically tells of his birth with other sections, but it is up-tD- date and sympathetic. There is an inin a little village in Northern Korea teresting "Who's Who" of the present luminaries on the Chinese political shortly before the Russia-Japan War. hDrizon; there are no maps and the general index is not full. S. M. Z. He describes the poverty, and yet the simple dignity ·of his parents, and his own life of varied adventures, strug- gles to secure an education, imprison- ment by the Japanese police when he championed the independence move- ment, and a voyage to America with a friendly missionary. He rightly says: Confucius and Confucianism. By Richard "The life that I have lived, with all Wilhelm, translated by G. H ..and A. P. Danton. 176 pp. $1.75. Harcourt, the joys and sorrows, is an interesting Brace and Ce. New Yerk.

life. . . . My one aim is to tell the hu- The life of Confucius as recorded by man story of one man, made up with Sse-Ma Ch'ien, the early Chinese his- the stuff called love, hatred, smiles and torian, and the writings of Confucius tears. All I can do is to tell this sin- and his followers from the basis of cerely and frankly, for life has always this compact volume. Extracts are seemed to me bigger than anything quoted from the classics to illustrate else." It is a charming narrative, and his teachings. The renderings of the it gives the reader a clearer under- original are free and in many cases standing of the ability and aspira- are very different frDm the actual tions of many educated young Kore- texts, and the translators point out ans. A. J. B. that Wilhelm "was an extremist in his The China Year Book, 1931. Edited by H. attitude toward the Chinese ethics." G. W. Woodhead. 730 pp. $12.50. Simpkin, Marshall, Ltd., London. For the sake of accuracy, his work This is the thirteenth issue of an should be compared with renditions of up-to-date encyclopedia of infDrmation and is accepted as the standard Legge and others. However this is authority 'On things Chinese. The editDr has had the CODperation of a num- a good introduction to the Confucian ber of experts including two Dr three writers on missiDnary topics. In ad- classics and a fascinating sketch ditiDn to the usual informatiDn on geDgraphy, statistics, shipping, public 'Of the great sage. It will also help health, expDrts and imports, communications, finance, etc., there is a chap- beginners to understand Islam in ter on religions, 'On present government and the system 'Of National edu- China and the sway that Confuciancation. Among the documents in the new issue are: the CDnventiDn for the ism has exerted. The short bibli- RenditiDn of Weihaiwei, the Sino- American Aviation CDntract, the new ography at the end of the book is of Copyright and Insurance Laws, the new French, Japanese, Greek and value. C. L. P. Czecho-Slovakian Treaties, the Agreements for the Rendition of the British Which Way Religion1 By Harry F. Ward. 221 pp. $2. Macmillan. New York. 1931.

We need a practical religion that affects all aspects of life. To accom- plish this Prof. Ward urges that the principles of Jesus must be accepted and applied or civilization will inevi- tably go down.

Dr. Ward differentiates between the principles of Jesus and present-day

organized Christianity. The difficulty by the Mission CQnference in Saxony.

is not that most people willfully dis- It is a neat little volume of 153 pages.

regard Him. It is that they do not The editor is pastor Wm. Gerber. The know Him. The basic fact in Ameri- book contains a number of very can life has been the making of informing and useful articles on mis- money. The god "Success" is wor- sion subjects, a cQmprehensive sur- shipped, consciously or unconsciously. vey 'Of Lutheran missions for the This has resulted in the deification of preceding year and very accurate sta- the machine. The author's theory is tistics 'Of missions as carried on by that ethical development should be the mission groups in Germany, Australia first concern 'Of religion. As Chris- and America. It is the most com- tianity becomes ethical, life will be prehensive work of its kind.

enlarged, and the deeper values will Christus an Torii und Pagode. function more fully. One wonders if the author believes that the ethical Devaranne. Leopold Klotz, Publisher, can do all that he claims. Surely Gotha. 270 pages. Price $2.00. The there is more in Christianity than author, already well known, here gives us a book dedicated to those among animated ethics. the educated, whQ despise foreign mis- Salvation, according to this view, is sions, but still have a sense of re- ligious values. He offers theoretical not a gift but a search. To trust considerations and practical discusmoney makers to bring in a good life sions and much documentary material. for the world is as foolish as to ex- He discusses foreign missions as to pect medicine men toO bring back health motives and results and defends them toO suffering humanity. J. F. R.

Everyland Children-Candy and Love. By against modern doubts and opposition.

Lucy W. Peabody. 60 pp. 25 cents. NEW BOOKS Central Committee. No. Cambridge, Mass. 1930. Hinterlands of the Church. Elizabeth R.

Nothing is more important than the Hooker. 314 pp. $2.50. Institute of training .of children to know God as Social and Religious Research. New He is made known to us in Jesus York. Christ and to be in real sympathy with the wQrk that Christ came intQ the The China Year Book, 1931. Edited by H. G. W. Woodhead. 730 pp. $12.50. WQrld to do. University of Chicago Press. Chicago. Mrs. Peabody has brought 'Out the Coral. Charlotte Murray. 255 pp. 28, 6d. seventh little bQQk toO pr.omote an Pickering & Inglis. London. understanding friendship among the children of the world. Five of these Annual Report-Home :Missions Council, 1931. 72 pp. Home Missions Council. New York.

interesting stories tell of child-life in Charles to Stndd. Thomas B. Walters. fQreign lands. This latest one intro- Belgian Congo. Edited by Richard P.

duces us to a brother and sister in An Index to the Holy Bible. 35 cents. India, named Candy and Love. We Bible Institute Colportage Association.

learn what they wore, what they ate, Chicago.

what they were interested in, and how Korea, the Old and the New. Ellasue they learned about Jesus and passed Wagner. 160 pp. $1.50. Revell. New the g.oQd news along. A clever touch York.

at the end shows that Mrs. PeabQdy The Outlined Acts. Robert Lee. 114 pp. understands how toO get reactions 3s. Pickering & Inglis. London.

frQm little readers, and a1sQ how toO The Pool of Sacriftce. Josephine Hope turn these ~eactions toO good accoOunt. Westervelt. 219 pp. $1.50. Revell. New York. E. B. D. P. Religion and Civilization in West Africa.

A Lutheran Mission Yearbook, 1931 J. J. Cooksay and Alex. McLeish. 277 pp. Maps. 58. Worid Dominion Press. is the 44th annual yearboQk published London.

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1926

~orbon ((ollege Do You Know?

ONE Ole THE CHRISTIAN POWER HOUSES IN THE MOSLEM WORLD The composing room of the Nile Mission Press in Cairo-an auxiliary or the American Christian , Li terature SocIety for M08lems.

Help Reveal Christ to Moslems The Messa!le of Christ is interpreted to Moslems through Christian Literature published in Arabic, TurkIsh , Persian, Chinese and other languages spoken by Moslems. By your prayers and gifts you can help in this, far-reaching work and can supply the much needed Christian Literature for Moslems.

Egypt Syria Russia China Palestine Persia Morocco Java Algiers Turkey India Sumatra Tunis Arabia Malaysia South Africa These countries are furnished with Christ's Message through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems cooperating with the Nile Mission Press and with Interdenominational Committees on the fields to give the Gospel Message through the printed page.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS William I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson, of New York, Vice Presidents Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D., Cairo, H onorary Field Secretary Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Dr. Frank Mason North Mrs. William Borden Mrs. William Bancroft Hill Dr. William B. Anderson Miss Anna A. Milligan Dr. John H. Raven Mr. Fennell P. Turner Mrs. D. L. Pierson Mrs. Finley]. Shepard Mrs. James M. Montgomery Dr. James Cantine Send your contributions to MRS. E. E. OLCOTT, Treasurer, 322 West 75th Street, New York · City.

Apply for information and literature to The Secretary, Rev. James Cantine, D.D., Room 1018, 156 Fifth Ave., New York.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. EJltor CONTENTS FOR AUGUST, 1926 Page FRONTISPIECE ………………………………………………….•• ….. . MAP OF THE NEAR EAST SHOWING STATWNS OF THE NEAR EAST RELIEF EDITORIALS ………………………••……………………………• 581 AN AMAZING SoorAL MOVEMENT IN THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS AND SLAVERY IN BOLIVIA 1926 PROGRESS AND PROBLEMS IN SoUTH A 'l'EN MONTHS' REPORT ON IMMIGRANTS HINDUS AND MOSLEMS IN INDIA AFRrOA 'l'HE OUTLOOK IN PALESTINE DAMASCUS IN TIME OF WAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ELIAS NEWMAN 589 A vivid description of the destruction caused by the F'renC'h bombardment and general disturbances in Syrw.; and the opportunities of the Christian Missions.

A JAPANESE MISSIONARY TO THE FOR.MOSA HEAD lWNTERS ………. 592 JESUS IN THE GHETTO TODAy …………………. JOHN SrruART CONNING 593 A masterly presentation of the present·day attitude of Jews toward Jesus Christ; the causes and results of this change. .

NEAR EAST RELIEF AS A CHRI8TIAN MISSION ……… SUMNER R. VINTON 599 The reUgious and missionary influence exerted in the orphanages and relief work in Syria, 'Armenia and other stations, together with an estimate of the results of these influen(Jes on the future generations.

THIRTY YEARS' CHANGES IN WEST AFR.ICA ………….. MELVIN FRASER 605 A striking account of the great tran.'formation that has been wrought in West Centra! Africa illuring the period of service of one missionary.

THE MODERN MISSIONARy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ALEXANDER M. ALLAN 608 AN INDIAN MISSION IN ARIZONA …………………. HELElN O. BELKNAP 609 The remarkabLe story of what on.e man was able to accomplish in the building up of an American Inaw.n community, with. indian Christian leadership, suppLy· ing schools and churahes to the Pima Indians of the Southwest.

FIFTY YEARS IN THE ISLAND OF NEW BRJTAIN …….. WILLIAM H. Cox 617 One of the modern miracles of missions in a former savage islaM of the South Sea.s, shown in the work carried on by the Australian Methodists.

BEST METHODS • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hUITED By MRs. E. C. CRoNK 625 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLEWIN . . . . . . . . EDITED By AMY G. LEWIS 631 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN …… EmTED By FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 634 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ……………………………………….. 637 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY …………………………………… :… 653 TJ<:RMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1926, by MISSIONARY REvrEW PUBLISHlNG CoMl'ANY, INC. AU rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBI,ISHING COMPANY. Inc.

Robert Jt. Speer, President Wm. 1. Chamberlain, Vice-President Delavan I… Pierson, Secretaq Walter McDougall, Treasurer Publication office, 3d &: Reily Sts., Harr1sburg, Pa. 25C a copy $'.50 • ,.ear Editorial and Business Offic~. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York Cit,.

i;.ntered as seeond-elass matter at the Post Office. Harrisburg,. PL, under Act of March " 1870. of tEbeoIogp anb JMi~~ion~ Who led the Children of 1…..1 into the Promised Land? A GRADUATE School and College of Where Noah'. Ark Illnded? Theology of high scholastic stand- Who wallo the first great Christian ards, intense evangelical loyalty. and miARionary? unusual curriculum. Eminent professors, devoted students, and influential alumni FREE-Send fOT this make it a center of power. Its Massa- 5-minute Bible Test chusetts degrees, Boston culture, and cosmopolitan spirit draw students from Test your knowledge of the Bible. See how much all parts of the country. Special oppor- you really know about this l{l'eatBook of Books. tunities given to graduate students. An open door to notable service in the pul- MoodyBible Institute Home StudyCourses make pit, the mission field, and other Christian the Bible really yours. They give you a helpful, leadership. well·rounded Itnowledgeuseful in your everyday Christian experience. Ten courses-non-secta- NATHAN R. WOOD, rian-one suited toyour particularneeds. 34,000 President, Gordon College, s~udents have already found the great satisfac. bon and joy that comes from knowing the Bible. Boston, Massachusetts Don't deny yourself this wonderful experience. Justto try outyour present knowledge -send fOT this test. You'l1beinterested.Mailcoupontoday.

MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE ————- CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Dept. 466 C 153 Institute Place, Chic. .o. W.

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PERSONALS Please send me, Free. your 5-Minute Bible Test. No obligation. REV. H. D. GruSWOLD, PH.D., has resigned from the presidency of Forman Christian DR. JOHN R. MOTT returned June 2d College, Lahore, India, in which he suc- from a six months' trip in the Pacific Basin. ceeded the lata Rev. J. C. R. Ewing, D.D., Early in July he sailed for Helsingfors, K,C.I.E. Dr. Griswold has been a member Finland, to preside over the World's Y. M. of the Punjab Mission of the American C. A. Conference and two other gatherings Presbyterian Church since 1890. The new in Sweden and Denmark. President of the College, which has been for some years a union institution, is the OBITUARY Rev. Canon Force·Jones. MR. CLEVELAND H. DODGE, who has been "* largely responsible for the success of the RIr. REV. LooAN H. RooTs, D.D., of Han- Near East Relief, and who has given gen· erously to the Y. M. C. A., the Near East kow, China, has been elected chairman of Colleges and other philanthropic work, died the House of Bishops of the Chinese Church in his home in R.iverdale, New York, on which combines the Anglican and the Prot· Thursday, June 24th, at the age of sixty· estant Episcopal forces in China. A ma- six. He was the son of the well·known jOl'ity of the bishops are Englishmen, a far,t William Earl Dodge of New York, and the which makes the tribute to Bishop Roots grandson of another Christian philanthrothe greater. pist of the same name. Mr. Dodge was for many years President of the National F. F. MONK, Principal of St. Stephen's Council of Y. M. C. A. His brother, Dr. D. College, Delhi, has resigned in order to Stuart Dodge, was the founder of the Syrian make way for the election of an Indian to Protestant Oullege, which has grown into the principalship. the American University of Beirut, of which Bayard Dodge, son of Cleveland Dodge, is "" now President.

REV. JAMES SIBItEE, D.D., who went to Madagascar sixty-three years ago under the London Missionary Society, celebrated his ninetieth birthday in April. He was the architect of a number of Christian churches in the island and in the ten years since his retirement, has made 800 missionary ad· dresses.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to adv0rtisers.

Y U G o- "'-_

S LA V IA THE CASPIAN .rEA E Y ~() >; …. "" … 0 ….'"

THE MEDITER PE.~SI A L ~– B A.

STATIONS OF THE NEAR EAST RELIEF IN GREECE, TURKEY, ARMENIA, GEORGIA, AZERBAIJAN, SYRIA, PALESTI:-!E AND EGYPT (See page 599)

AUGUST, 1926

XLIX EIGHT AN AMAZING SOCIAL MOVEMENT IN BOLIVIA O NE of the backward republics of South America, where the Roman Oatholic Ohurch has been long in power, is Bolivia. Here all the weaknesses of the system and the consequent social evils are evident. Recently there seems to have come an awakening of the social conscience and church leaders and Protestant missionaries report what they call" an amazing social movement." A correspondent in La Paz writes: "About the middle of March a meeting of the clergy of the La Paz Diocese was held to consider the problem of education of the Indians of Bolivia who constitute about 75% of the population of the country. A letter from the Pope to the Bishops of Bolivia had recently made suggestions regarding the social activities of the Ohurch, especially in connection with the Indian Problem."

The meeting of the clergy was called by the Bishop of La Paz and the Papal Nuncio was the principal speaker. He said: "The Indian Problem is one of the most urgent that Bolivia has to consider. If it is not solved soon within the Ohurch, it will be solved outside the Ohurch, because of the constant and insidious labor of the enemy, which we all know about," (referring of course, to Protestant Missions).

It was suggested that a "Gran Oruzada Nac;ional Pro-Indio" be undertaken, with the support of the Ohurch, the Government, high society and the newspapers. Professional organizers were brought from foreign countries to push the drive according to "el sistema norte americana."

The adobe walls of the houses here are smooth finished, affording a good surface for pasting posters. Lithographed posters, a yard square, of a typical Indian helid were put up by hundreds throughout the city, along with an appeal for support of the drive.

Bolivia is anxious to raise its standard among neighboring countries. Thus an ingenious appeal was made to patriotism-the idea 081

of making the present inert mass of Indians into intelligent and useful citizens. The drive was evidently spending considerable money for posters, entire pages of newspapers, get-together dinners, etc.

About the first of April two events occurred that produced the first discordant note. It was announced that the office of the drive would be consecrated to the "Sacred Heart of Jesus"-a tendency to fanaticism. A similar attempt to consecrate the nation of Peru some three years ago caused strikes and riots in Callao and Lima. Then the adversaries of the Adventist work obtained a government order limiting their activities. This appeared to be a restriction of religious liberty.

The suspicions that were developing that the drive was neither patriotic nor altruistic but religious (fanatical) were confirmed by these two events. At first the newspapers were loth to publish criticisms of the drive, so that a series of posters and handbills appeared calling attention to the real nature of the" Cruzada." Funds were to b.e for advertising and to bring in priests expelled from Mexico. It was very interesting to go out on the streets every day and see the new posters pro and con.

The newspapers finally broke their silence and a surprising number of articles appeared telling about the good work being done hy the Protestant educational missionaries. One night at the conclusion of the band concert at the Plaza somebody shouted Abajo los frailes, abajo la cntzada. Soon a great crowd gathered forming an impromptu anti-clerical demonstration. The procession passed by the President's palace. He appeared on the balcony and assured them that as long as they committed no disorders, they had the right to express their opinions.

Thus a tremendous anti-campaign and anti-clerical movement began.

An important social function in favor of the drive that was to be held in the Municipal 'l'heatre, presided over by the Bishop and with the President of the Republic as principal speaker, had to be suspended.

A. few days later it was announced that the drive had been definitely abandoned and the same day the newspapers announced that the government had provided means for a great school for Indians near La Paz, thus eliminating the Church from the solution of the Indian problem.

Another big news item the same day was the passing of a law recognizing the right of the Protestant missionaries to preach and to teach among the Indians.

In the evening, a great celebration of the success of the antidrive movement was held. Five thousand men marched. Banners with letters two feet high bore the following inscriptions:

1926J EDITORIAL COMMENTS

"LET US EDUCATE THE INDIANS WITH THE SALARIES OF THE BISHOPS."

"WE ASK FOR THE SEPARATION OF THE CHURCH AND THE STATE."

"WE ASK FOR LIBERTY OF CONSCIENCE." "WE ASK FOR A GOVERNMENT BUREAU OF INDIAN AF- FAIRS." "THE STATE SHOULD EDUCATE THE INDIAN." "WE DO NOT WANT FANATICISM."

Along the route of the parade the air reverberated with shouts in unison like college yells: "LET THE BISHOPS GET OUT." "DOWN WITH THE 'SOTANAS' " (figurative for priests). "LONG LIVE FREEDOM OF WORSHIP," etc.

At the Plaza several speakers addressed the gathering from the balcony of a fashionable club. The speaker, who was apparently the best known and most popular, was the President of the Federation of University Students. He reminded the people that the victory they were celebrating was due largely to the students and the labor organizations working together. He made a statement imported from Russia, that evoked much applause and that expressed the intellectual's estimation of the value of religion: "Religion,is an opiate for the people."

The next day the newspapers that at first supported the "crU'zada" commented on the large number of participants in the anti-clerical demonstration and the orderly way in which it was conducted.

PROGRESS AND PROBLEMS IN SOUTH AFRICA AT a recent conference of British missionary societies, held in 1"1Swanwick, June 16th to 19th, some interesting facts were brought out by Dr. C. T.Loram a member of the Native Affairs Commission in the Union of South Africa, and Rev. J. H. Oldham, who has recently returned from a tour of South and East Africa.

There is still a contest going on in South Africa in regard to the "color line." While the "Color Bar Bill" was passed, it was only by a small majority for white South Africa is not unanimous in the matter, and the native commissioners are strongly opposed to it. The Christian Church finds it difficult, if not impossible, to keep out of politics when moral issues are involved. The native questionthe race problem-is not a local matter, but a world problem.

The native Christian population is increasing, not only in numbers, but in percentage. These African Christians are becoming more elevated, refined and educated and cannot be treated as "heathen" and outcastes. Today, over one-third of the popUlation

is Christian as compared with one-fourth ten years ago. The native Christian population of South Africa is now about two million, having increased fifty-two per cent while the heathen population has in- creased only four per cent. Dr. Loran said: "The future evangelization of the natives will be mostly done through native agencies, and the white missionary must become more and more of a missionary superintendent. Much of the work of evangelization will be done by the separatist native churches of which there are already over a hundred ….. As the result of a recent inquiry, it has been stated that these churches are not seditious in their origin, but, nevertheless, those natives who have a feeling against the white man are inclined to join such communions."

It is interesting to note that in East Africa recently, the Governments seem to have realized the importance of native education. Now they are awakening in a remarkable way to their obligations, and money is not being given grudgingly. There is a danger that the Governments may develop an educational system without regard to the missionary enterprise. This is partly doe to the presence of a Moslem element in East Africa, for the British Government is always very sensitive when a Moslem population is concerned. On the other hand, some missions have not been willing to cooperate with the Government. In East Africa, as elsewhere, there is a lack of appreciation among many in the white community of the work of missions. The good will of the Government should be behind the missionary machine.

Fear for white civili'zation is the dominant note in South Africa today. This arises mainly from the figures and diagrams presented in the 1921 census which purported to prove that if the present rate of increase continues, in ten years there will be in South Africa 4,000,000 whites and 19,000,000 natives. This will explain some of the recent legislation.

"A tremendous revolution is going on in Africa today," Mr. Oldham said, "and a fundamental factor is the change in the attitude of governments toward the African problem, which in tropical Africa is entirely different from that in South Africa. The great human problem hitherto mainly left to the missions must be dealt with by the Government. While, in South Africa, native advance seems to be contrary to the well-being of the white man, this is not so in tropical Africa. Education of the native must be carried through for the benefit of the African. Missions must cooperate with governments in the scientific examination of the problems with which they are faced so that the materialist conception shall not become dominant."

Dr. Donald Fraser, now one of the Foreign Mission Secretaries of the United Free Church of Scotland and known throughout Africa for his long service at Loudon, Nyasaland, said truly: "The

Government may be the handmaid of the Kingdom of God, but it is dangerous if the Kingdom of God becomes the handmaid of govern- ments. " For missions to come under' government control would be a disastrous thing. In South Africa there is a hiatus between the life and service of the Christian Church and the life of the native. This gulf must be bridged by the welfare societies. :n. w. P.

THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS ON SLAVERY IN 1926 SLAVERY, slave-raids, slave markets, and slave trade still con- tinue in Abyssinia, the Hedjaz, Morocco, Tripoli, the Libyan Desert, Rio de Oro, Arabia, Egypt, the Sudan, Eritrea; French, British and Italian Somaliland; Tibet, Afghanistan, Li- beria, most independent Mohammedan states; and several other territories. This statement is based upon the report presented to the League of Nations in September, 1925, by its T'emporary Slavery Commission. This commission was composed of British, French, Belgian, Portuguese, and Dutch officials who had had much experience in colonial administration.

The more insidious forms of slavery and so-called adoption, debt-slavery, concubinage, and forced labor are prevalent in many parts of the world and to a very large extent. These evils are not limited to Africa. Forced labor, disguised under various forms of taxation or openly exacted by chiefs and local government officials, is inflicted upon the people in many parts of Africa. The League's Commission did not have time to examine the evidence that it re- ceived on this subject and its report does not specify where the evil exists. .

The Assembly of the League of Nations in September, 1925, after receiving the report of its T'emporary Slavery Commission, adopted a draft Convention, which it requested the Council to circulate to all the members of the League and to other Powers, including the United States. 'l'11ese governments were invited to comment on the Draft Convention, and, at its session on June 9, 1926, the Council, having received these comments, decided to place the Convention on the Agenda of the Assembly that is to meet next September. When the Draft Convention was presented to the last assembly, it was de- scribed as a "minimum standard" which all governments might be expected to adopt. An examination of its terms will show that its requirements are so easy as to lead one to fear that it will accomplish very little in abolishing" slavery in all its forms" as the signatories of the Treaty of St. Germain in Article 11 pledged themselves to endeavor to secure. So far as forced labor is concerned, it falls far below the standards set up in the Mandates of the League, in which the mandatory powers agreed to prohibit all forms of forced labor, except for essential public works and services, and then only in re- turn for adequate remuneration. The British Government have gone

still farther in restricting recourse to forced labor, for which authority must be obtained from the Secretary of State, which authority will be given only "when absolutely necessary for essential services, " and only" for specified work for a specified period," and such labor must, in all cases, be fully paid. "Under no circumstances could the British Administration tolerate, in any form, the principle of compulsory native labor for private profit, be the employer native or non-native" is a statement in the report of the East African Commission. As compared with these statements and the terms of the Mandates, the Draft Convention says nothing about compensation, and it may be fairly interpreted as legalizing forced labor for private profit. The earnest hope must be expressed that the Draft Convention will be amended very much before it is concluded and opened for signature.

A TEN MONTHS' REPORT ON IMMIGRANTS STATISTICS furnished by the Department of Labor, covering immigration during a period of ten months enaing April 30, 1926, reveal the following interesting facts: Of those attempting to enter the United States 17,040 were debarred and 7,917 were deported after landing, making a total of 24,957-about ten per cent of the whole. Among those debarred 14,656 were without proper visas; 3,700 were considered likely to become public charges; 1,377 were mentally or physically defective; and 1,214 were of criminal or immoral classes.

The total number admitted during the ten months was 246,165 but since there were 63,556 immigrants who left America during the same period there was a net increase of only 182,609. The majority of immigrants (122,435) were admitted at New York, but 76,148 entered by land from Canada and 30,735 from Mexico. It is noteworthy that on the Pacific Coast the number of emigrants exceeded the number of immigrants by about 1000. The majority of those entering were between the ages of 16 and 44 (184,088). The total number of males was 135,833 and of females 110,332. The majority of those who left America were also between the ages of 16 and 44 (48,013).

The largest number of immigrants from any European country came from Germany which sent 40,927. Next to this was the Irish Free State which sent 18,814. It is significant that we received only 6,632 from Italy whereas 17,812 returned to that land. Scotland sent us 11,139; England 8,878 and Sweden 7,398. "The Yellow Peril" seems to be a misnomer since China and Japan together sent only 2,027 while 3,601 went back to Asia.

Skilled workers 45,783 constitute the largest class of immigrants admitted. Next come laborers 32,048 and servants 25,083; followed

EDITORIAL COMMEN'IS

by farmers and farm laborers 22,632, and) the professional classes numbering 9,061.

The intention of these immigrants was to distribute themselves as permanent residents (one year or more) throughout the United States as follows: New York '60,046; Michigan 28,2.05; Massachusetts 21,795; Texas 20,045; Illinois 16,512; California 15,992; and Pennsylvania 14,583.

Only the larger groups are separately mentioned in this brief summary. The smaller groups and those unclassified may be found in each instance by subtracting the group figures here given fr{)m the totals.

On the whole the showing is encouraging. An important problem with the immigrant as with the native is to discover some means by which he can be induced to devote himself to agricultural pursuits in the country rather than eke out a precarious and less useful existence among the submerged masses of our great cities,-notably New York.-c. L. w.

HINDUS AND MOSLEMS IN INDIA RIOTS between Hindus and Moslems in India nearly always begin in one of two ways: the killing of cows by Moslems infuriates Hindus, who retaliate with violence, or the playing of music in idolatrous processions by Hindus before Mohammedan mosques provokes Mohammedan violence. Th~ aggressors in Cal- cutta were the Arya Samaj, a reform Hindu sect who claim to stand for a purified Hinduism. Missionaries in North India know very well the violent hostility of the Arya Samaj to Christian Missions. The Samaj is perhaps even more hostile to the spread of Islam, and is untiring in its efforts to reconvert Mohammedanised Hindus back again to Hinduism.

This Hindu-Moslem antagonism is one of the most burning questions in India. Unfortunately the Mohammedans are becoming more, rather than less communal in their outlook. The whole political future of India depends upon the degree to which the com- munities, especially the minority communities can so far trust the majority of the nation as a whole as to throwaway the artificial props of communal protection such as special electorates, etc. In this respect Christians have shown a good example, inasmuch as the All-India Christian Conference has for several years pronounced against special communal privileges for Christians. Mohammedans, however, appear to be growing in their belief in the necessity for commmunal aggrandisement, and in several provinces their claims are becoming the dominating fact in politics.

One reason for this increased communalism of the Mohammedans may be disillusionment in the agitation over the Caliphate. No more .complete political overturning has been seen in our time than that

suffered by the Central Caliphate Committee. A campaign of violent antagonism to the British Government was started for its alleged designs on the powers exercised by the leader of the Angora Turks, Mustafa Kemal Pasha. The interest of Indian Moslems in the world of Islam has not decreased, and the smallest Mohammedan newspaper is interested deeply in what is happening to Moslems all over the world. Any definite scheme however for a pan-Islamic movement has completely vanished, and leaders of the community have turned their energies into the aggrandisement of the 'community as against the Hindns.

It is to such a community, and in such a mood, that the Christian Gospel must be preached. It is needless to say that such people, al- ready resentful and suspicious and class-conscious, will resent more than ever any suspicion of Christian overlord-ship, or any language which suggests a religious war by the Christian on the Moslem. The situation in India is the clearest possible challenge to us to represent the Christian claim with all the winsomeness and humility and reliance on truth and the things of the Spirit which are native to the mind of Christ.-w. p. .

THE OUTLOOK IN PALESTINE T AS'r YEAR between two and three thousand Halutzim, as the L pioneers of the Zionist movement are called, passed through Haifa. They are establishing settlements, not in the Jerusalem district, but on the plains, and many of the worst places are being transformed into a veritable Garden of Eden. There are about one hundred and ten colonies altogether under the Zionist movement.

When the great Jewish University was opened, Rev. S. B. Rohold, of the Carmel Bible School, and his wife were given front seats, despite the fact of their being Christians. 'l'his shows the extraordinary change which has taken place in the Jewish attitude towards Christianity in the past few years. Dr. Klausner, of the Jewish University has written an epoch-making "Life of Christ," and four thousand copies of the first edition in Hebrew, printed in Jerusalem, sold immediately. It was reprinted in Poland, and translations in England and America have recently appeared. Dr. Klausner's book has also opened a new era for selling the New Testament in Palestine, and thousands are now reading it. One leading Jew, who has not actually become a Christian, has been instrumental in putting a eopy of the New Testament in every room at the Jewish hotels. When Canon Dauby, a great scholar who translated Klausner's book into English, lectured in St. George's Cathedral, Jerusalem, two thirds of the audience were intellectual Jews.

The suspicion on the part of the Arabs towards the Jews is apparently breaking down, and the former are now even uniting in schools. Among them too is a growth of demand for the Scriptures.

RE~'UGEES FROM HAURAN IN DAMASCUS NEAR THE

CHURCH Damascus in Time of War BY REV. ELIAIS NEWMAN Missionary of the Irish Presbyterian Mission, Damascus, Syria F OR over a year now things in the city have been in a very un- settled state and for ten months, ever since the Druse outbreak, the political situation has been very precarious. On more than one occasion the Druses were almost within reach of the city. The real crisis began with the ruthless bombardment of the city by the French on Sunday afternoon, Oct. 18, 1925. Without the least warning we were bombarded for 48 hours and one-thirtieth part of the city was d,estroyed, thousands being killed and buried in the falling debris and other thousands made homeless.

This was only the beginning of the present miserable state of things; for since October hundreds of villages outside Damascus and all over Syria have been bombarded, many of them being completely wiped out.

Damascus is practically besieged. The French have put barbed wire entanglements all around the city; military posts have been established at the main entrances and at other strategic points and no one is allowed to venture out of doors after hours. Rebel bands are all around the city and they are in possession of the "Ojhuta" (the fertile garden district that surrounds the city) and hardly a day passes without a battle. During the night we are kept awake by the roar of the heavy guns bombarding some village or by the sound of the rifles and machine guns firing in some section of the city, or in the gardens beyond.

589

Rebels have been captured and shot but some of them have been hung in the El Merdje Square and have been left hanging for hours for public display.

Very often the rebels have retaliated by hanging some innocent man, some Armenian or Circassian. Very often rebels enter the city and carry off some wealthy citizen for ransom. 'rhe Jewish quarter, near "The street called Straight," has been entered several' times and Jews robbed of money and valuables.

Most of the men engaged by the French in the fighting in and around the gardens are Circas- sians and not a few are Armeni- ans-mere mercenaries who evi- dently could find little employ- ment elsewhere. The city is filled with refu- gees, Moslem and Christian alike, who are eking out a miserable existence. Beggars abound every- where, men, women and children. But in spite of the prevailing misery and utter wretchedness the Protestant missionaries have a marvelous opportunity for service in this unhappy city.

REV. ELIAS NEWMAN ON THE RUINS OF The Victoria Hospital of the A STORE ON THE "STREET CALLED Edinburgh Medical Mission is STRAIGHT." DAMASCUS ministering daily to the sick and sorrowful. Though it is situated in Photo by United Pres..

a dangerous corner of the city, the workers persist in preaching Christ by word and deed in spite of the bullets that fly over their heads and sometimes pass through the buildings.

The B.ritish Syrian Mission is also carrying on its educational work among the young and there is abundant opportunity to witness among the many Moslem refugee women who attend the classes.

The Danish Mission at present is without a missionary, the Rev. Alfred Nelson being home on furlough, but their reading room for Moslems is kept open by a faithful young native Protestant.

The Irish Presbyterian Mission, which is concentrating its ef- forts among the Jews, is experiencing much encouragement. We conduct two schools in the Jewish quarter, one for girls and the other for boys with 400 young Jews and J ewesses on the roll. Bible women visit the homes and are experiencing much sympathetic re- sponse as they try to make known the story Gf redeeming Love.

The reading room near "The street called Straight" is filled

DA.MAS0US IN TIME OF WAR

daily to its utmost capacity and the English night school has forty young eager Jews as its students. There is also a school for Christian boys and a Protestant Church in which Armenian, Arabic and English services are conducted.

Surrounded by anguish, misery and wretchedness as we are, we are not a bit discouraged but are hopeful that our task is not in vain in the Lord. Protestantism has a great fu- ture in Syria and the Evangelical missionary is not hampered by the accumulated suspicions that rest on those of the different Roman Catholic orders working in the land. Every Christian missionary in Damascus needs the prayers and sympathy of the people in the homelands. Please pray for us 1 "AN AMBASSADOR OF GOOD WILL" TO THE NEAR EAST I T WAS stated in a "personal" item in the July REVIEW that Dr. W. W. Peet, who spent forty years in Constantinople as a representative of the American Board but rho is described by the Living Church as "a distinguish- IRISH PRESBYTERIAN LADY MISSION- ed Methodist minister," had been S~~m!lK 1liT~'l~R~~gt1 SiiJr'2l dJ o~~.s appointed by the Federal Council 18. 1925 of Churches to visit the churches of the Near East, with the above title~ Further details of the plan are given in a statement issued by the Federal Council. The sending of an "ambassador to the East- ern Churches" is being carried out by the Committee on Eastern Churches of the Federal Council, of which Bishop Charles H. Brent of the Episcopal Ohurch is chairman. Cooperating are great reli- gious organizations, including the American Bible Society, the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, ·the Young Men's Christian A.ssociation and the Near East Relief. "Dr. Peet goes without any fixed program of action," says the statement. "He is to be an 'ambassador of good will' to the Eastern churches from the churches of America and he is to manifest that good will in any way that seems most effective to him."

.- A JAPANESE MISSIONARY TO FORMOSA HEAD HUNTERS The head-hunting savages of Formosa had been very free from epidemic diseases until the Spanish Influenza struck them, as it did all other peoples twenty years ago. This great curse had come upon them, they argued, because OE the Japanese occupation. They therefore swore vengeance and one day the Japanese community at Karenko was suddenly surprised by a savage attack from the head-hunters and revenge was secured when the savages carried away the heads of 26 Japanese.

Among these men that lost their lives in this savage attack was the father of Inosuke Ino-ue, then a student at the Seisho Gakuin (Bible School) in Kashiwagi Yodobashi, conducted by the Oriental Mission.

The Samurai way would have been to have sworn vengeance; to have gone among the head-hunters as a soldier or policeman and to have killed a number of them. Young Inoue however, was trying to follow Jesus Christ and he remembered how when Jesus was nailed to the cross He prayed for His enemies. Therefore Inosuke Inoue resolved to go to the head-hunters and teach them the Christian way of life.

In preparation for the work he studied medicine one year and learned .many practical remedies and how to hel.l1 in emergencies. With this preparation he went to the natives in the mountains of Formosa with a message of peace and good-will and a desire to help.

He found them very suspicious at first but gradually he won their confidence and found that they had many admirable qualities. Their idea of the Supreme Being is that of an ".All-seeing-eye" to see all the deeds of men. He sees such bad deeds as stealing, therefore there is no stealing among the members of the tribe.

The life was most simple and the hardships not a few so that his health broke down and he returned to Kyushu and spent three years in evangelistic work there.

When he had learned the language of one of the tribes called the "Taiyaru," he returned to the head-hunters, consisting of about 35,000 souls. There are still about 135,000 savages in the seven tribes.

Mr. Inoue spent seven years at a settlement in the mountains called "Karapai" and gave himself unstintedly to the people to help them in any practical way that he could and to teach them to know Christ and His Gospel. During all this time his work was carried on as a personal enterprise. While his work was a labor of love he did receive some gifts from the savages in return for his medical aid. With this and native fruits and occasional help from friends in Japan he managed to carry on in a life almost as simple as that of the natives.

Mr. Inoue has just published a study of the head-hunters of Formosa, and has just succeeded in getting a supporting committee organized through the cooperation of the Tokyo KyoKwa Doshi Kai. Among those who have thus taken the responsibility of securing financial support for Mr. Inoue's work are Mr. Hampei Nagao, Judge Watanabe, Dr. Takada, head of the Nanko Hospital, Mr. M. Tsuge, of the Japan Oil Co., Mr. B. Tada of the Taiwan Sugar Co., Mr. B. Fukunaga of the Keisei Sha Publishing Company. This committee have undertaken to raise Yen 2,500.00 per year to support Mr. Inoue's self-sacrificing work.

Mr. Inoue told his story recently before 500 pupils of a public school of Tokyo at the invitation of the principal who introduced him as the Livingstone of Japan.

(From the World'. Sunday School Association)

in the Ghetto To-day

BY REV. JOHN STUART CONNING, D.D., NEW YORlK Superintendent of Jewish Evangelism, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

F OR eighteen centuries Jews have ignored the Greatest Jew of history. He has been given no place in their life or literature. They have tried hard to forget Him and live as though He had never lived and taught and suffered in the ancient homeland of their people. It has been nothing to them that He belonged to their race, and that the influence of His teaching and personality has changed the face of the world. The very use of His name was banned. U Jews had occasion to mention Him He was referred to anonymously as "That Man," or "The Orucified One," or "The Nazarene. "

This silence concerning Jesus during the first Ohristian centuries is' accounted for by Jews on the ground that He was a wholly negligible factor in world affairs.. They call attention to the almost entire absence of any reference to Him in contemporary Jiterature and insist that equally among Jews He had made no appreciable impression. The records of the Acts of the Apostles, however, tell a very different story. If Ohristianity at first attracted little attention in the great Roman world, it was certainly very different in the little world of Palestine. Before the fall of Jerusalem in A. D. 70, the new faith had not only stirred Palestinian Jewry to its circumference, it had siInilarly agitated many of the scattered Jewries of the Diaspora. Even the Talmud bears testimony to the widespread influence of the Nazarene. For while Jesus is noticeably overlooked in that great repository of Jewish tradition, there is plenty of polemic against Ohristianity. Ruppin, with a truer appreciation of the achievements of the first followers of Jesus, explains the failure of Judaism as a missionary religion after the close or the first century by saying: "Ohristianity took the wind out of its sails."

The real secret of the reticence of Jews concerning Jesus in the early centuries was the amazing progress of Ohristianity. They showed their resentment by ignoring the Founder while fighting His faith. The use of the name of Ohrist by the primitive Ohristians was also a factor. They attached to it an incomparable reverence and authority. His was "the Name above every Name." It was "for the sake of the Name" they went forth upon His service. It was through the Use of "the Name" that mighty deeds were done. This was sufficient ground for Jews to ignore it. If there was any other reason it might well have been that Jews had no cause to be proud of the bitter and relentless hostility and persecution meted out to Ohristians during this period. Judaism never ceased its intrigues 593 2

'i'BE :M1SStONARY REVIEw 0]' 1'H:E) WORLtl

and assaults upon the followers of Christ until Christianity at length climbed to the throne of the Cresars.

Then Jews had a very different reason for their silence. Possessed of civil power, Christians did not forget their former persecutors. To them Jews were the enemies of Christ and His cause. Theological controversy focused attention upon them as the reprobate agents in the drama of salvation. They were the "Christ Killers." Ignorance and superstition, unrestrained by the spirit of Christ, and enraged by the Jews' persistent rejection of Jesus, let loose upon the children. of Abraham floods of hatred and persecution. There are no darker pages in European history than those which record the shameful wrongs and atrocities perpetrated against Jews by nations nominally Christian. Confinement in ghettos, ignominious garments, exclusion from remunerative occupations, ostracism, prison, exile, fagot and sword were the recurring instruments of ecclesiastical tyranny.

Is it any wonder that Luther, who was by no means an unqualined friend of the Jews, in referring to their treatment by the Roman Church, .declared: "If I were a Jew with such poltroons teaching Christianity, I had sooner become a hog than a Christian."

And lest we should regard these manifestations of antagonism as exceptional, the discredited characteristics of a dark and cruel age when many others beside Jews suffered for their faith, we must remember that in their case legal discrimination and persecution have lasted until our own times. On the statute books of the old Czarist Russia, over one thousand enactments were recorded, specially directed against the Jews. Neither have we forgotten Kishineff, nor the pogroms which followed the war. Even in this year of grace there are few lands, nominally Christian, in whicn antisemitism does not have a place. America itself is not free from the virus.

So it has come about that the name of the meek and lowly Jesus has been regarded by Jews generally as a symbol of ill usage and ill will. They justify their rejection of Him on the ground' of the conduct of His followers. As a mark of their hostility to Him and to His cause, they have outlawed His very name. For nfteen centuries no representative Jew has had a word to say about the Founder of Christianity.

Yet Jesus, in spite of Jewish determination to have nothing to do with Him, was never completely excluded from the ghetto. In times of deepest hostility there were always individual Christians, like Bernard of Clairvaux, who revealed to Jews the spirit of the Master. Through such lives Jesus passed within the most carefully guarded gates. No enforced silence could wholly prevent the use of His name. Not even Christendom could quite conceal Him. There were in every generation Hebrew Christians; some of them attaining to positions of conspicuous leadership in the Christian Church.

JESUS IN THE GHETTO TODAY

In the Middle Ages London and Oxford had a Domws Conversorum for the care of Christian Jews. Indeed, so potent at times was the influence of Jesus in the Ghetto that the most resolute measures had to be adopted to prevent large defections from the synagogue. Con- verts were excommunicated. The burial service was read in their homes, and the offenders were counted as dead by the members of their family. The boycott was effectively used to prevent their se- curing employment or relief. Jewish leaders stopped at nothing that would make bitter and wretched the lot of those who were led to make confession of their faith in Jesus as Israel's Messiah. Yet, in spite of everything, there were always some who were willing to endure shame and ignominy, loss of home and an assured livelihood, for the sake of Him in whom they had come to believe. A consider- able list of notable converts has been compiled from among the J ewish followers of Christ before the dawn of modern missions. Such names as Ariston of Pella, Nicholas of Paris, Paul of Burgos, and Edzar of Hamburg remind us "that Jesus, though despised and rejected, still found His way into the ghettos of Europe and won to Himself a people for His name.

With the opening of the nineteenth century the rising tide of missionary interest began to express itself in concern for the Jews. Societies were formed in Britain and on the Continent for their evangelization. Missionaries found their way into various lands, and many striking conversions were recorded. In 1806 David Mendel avowed his faith in Christ and, changing his name to Neander, "the New Man," he became the great Christian historian whose "Life of Christ" blazed the trail for all the later studies of "the greatest life that has been manifested upon earth." Dr. Joseph Wolff, with a devotion truly apostolic, carried the Gospel into the ghettos of Egypt, Syria, Palestine, Persia, Mesopotamia, Arabia and India. He was followed by a conspicuous succession of scholarly missionaries. The total of Jewish baptisms during the nineteenth century has been estimated at 224,000. No missionary effort in behalf of any other non-Christian people can in comparison show such results. Jews are prone to minimize the value of missionary activity among their people by asserting that 'converts to Christianity have been either ignorant or actuated by motives of self-interest. Such names, however, as Sir Julius Benedict, Professor Benfey, Dr. Paulus Cassell, Lord Beaconsfield, the Herschels, the Mendelssohns, the Margoliouths, Edersheim, Saphir, Rabbinowitz, Schereschewsky, and many more, indicate that the appeal of Jesus, now as in the days of His flesh, wins a response not only from the common people but also from the noblest and most cultured of the Hebrew race.

At the present time there are many evidences of a change of attitude toward Jesus on the part of the Jewish people. The passing of the Russian Pale and the lowering of the ghetto walls have

broughtJews iu large numbers into contact with Western thought and life. It has been impossible to mingle in world currents so largely influenced by the personality and teaching of J esns, without being forced to consider Him and arrive at some conclusion as to His claims. Reform Judaism, which was born of an effort to adapt the ancient faith to the conditions of modern life, early sought to place its own interpretation on the life and character of Jesus. He is regarded by representatives of this school as one of the great men of the Jewish race, an exalted moral teacher whom Jews generally should accept and follow. This is the attitude of such authors as H. G. Enelow in his" A Jewish View of Jesus," and Joseph Jacob in his "Jesus as Others Saw Him."

The Reform Movement, however, represents but a small section of Judaism. Having discarded most of the Jewish religious traditions, orthodox leaders look upon these adherents of Reform teaching as already occupying a halfway house to Christianity. For them to speak of Jesus is only one more evidence of their departure from the established traditions of their people. But of late there have been signs that even among the orthodox the old Jewish tradition of silence concerning Jesus is coming to an end. A treatise in Yiddish on Jesus by Dr. Chaim Zhitlowsky has recently been published. Its appearance has mightily stirred the New York Ghetto. Dr. Zhitlowsky maintains the historicity of Jesus and demands that Jews revise their attitude toward Him by accepting Him as one of their prophets.

Of far greater significance, is Dr. Joseph Klausner's "Jesus of Nazareth." Dr. Klausner is one of the greatest living Hebraists and historians. He is a Zionist. He i.s a professor in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He wrote in Hebrew for Jewish readers. He emphasizes the historical reality of Jesus and regards Him as one whom Jews can no longer ignore. Their acceptance of Him as a teacher he considers would add much to the prestige of the Jewish race. Needless to say this Hebrew scholar is leagues and leagues away from the Christian position. He will have nothing to do with Jesus either as Messiah, Saviour, or Prophet. He says: "To the Jewish nation He can be neither Goc;l nor the Son of God, in the sense conveyed by belief in the Trinity. Either conception is to the Jew not only impious and blasphemous, but incomprehensible. Neither can He, to the Jewish nation, be the Messiah; the Kingdom of Heaven-the Day of the Messiah-is not yet come. Neither can He be regarded as a Prophet; he lacks a Prophet's political perception and the Prophet's spirit of national consolation in the political national sense." In other words, Dr. Klausner as a Zionist rejects Jesus for the selfsame reason that actuated the leaders of his people nineteen centuries ago-Jesus did not give political supremacy to Israel. He does, however, extol Jesus as a teacher and looks forward

1926J JESUS IN THE GHETTO TODAY

to the time when properly edited, "the Ethics of Jesus will be one of the choicest treasures in the literature of Israel for all time."

The real significance of this book is not what Dr. Klausner has to say about Jesus, but that a distinguished Jewish scholar should write about Jesus at all. Nearly three score Jewish generations ha,:,e come and gone without pronouncing His name. Now that name is being carried by this book into every Ghetto of the world. This is nothing short of a revolution.

But, as might have been expected, such departures from age-long Jewish tradition were bound to encounter the determined opposition of official Judaism. Their attitude has not changed. Their antagonism to Jesus and His claims is as determined as ever.

In the autumn of 1922, Rabbi A. A. Green, of the Hampstead synagogue, London, in order to fortify his young people against the Christian influences to which they were subjected planned to hold a class for the study of the New Testament, choosing first for exposition the Gospel of Mark. Though his purpose was wholly defensive, the angry tumult raised by the Jewish press and community was so great that the effort had to be abandoned.

It will also be recalled that last December when Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, of New York, took advantage of the appearance of Dr. Klausner's book in its English translation to speak of Jesus, his utterances stirred up the wrath of his orthodox brethren. Though he followed Klausner in saying that Jesus must be accepted as a historical character, that He was a Jew, that He could not be acrepted as divine, and that He never intended to found another religion; he went on to declare that "the Jews must accept Jesus as a Jewish teacher and accept His ethical code." The furore created in orthodox Jewish circles by these utterances was so great that with shouts of indignation the resignation of Rabbi Wise as Chairman of the Palestinian Fund for the rehabilitation of the Jewish homeland was sternly demanded. And though his resignation was not accepted the extreme orthodox section established their own Fund.

These things show that beneath a veneer of tolerance there is still a deep-seated antagonism to Jesus. As a writer in the Jewish Chronicle, of London,. commenting on Rabbi Wise's utterances, expressed it: "For a Jew to preach-in any form-to Jews on 'Jesus' is an abomination, is 'death,' or betrayal of the soul." But the root of the antagonism is not wholly a misunderstanding of the person and character of Jesus. It is perhaps more a fear for the future of Judaism and of the synagogue. As another critic of Rabbi Wise put it: "For Jews to study and discuss the life of Jesus is simply to clear a path from the synagogue to the church."

But such attitudes and utterances only reveal the desperate condition of Judaism. Jesus is surely and unquestionably winning His way into the ghettos of the world. Nothing but unchristian conduct

and failure to proclaim His Gospel can hold Him back. Wherever His spirit is manifested in sympathy and kindness and His truth intelligently and earnestly unfolded He wins an undivided response from Jewish hearts. rrhough efforts to interpret Christ to the Jews by the Christian Church have been incredibly meager and fitful, yet the present-day influence of Jesus upon Jewish life far exceeds that of any previous period.

Since the war, in Eastern Europe there has been something approaching a mass movement of Jews toward Christianity. From a report presented to the General Assembly of the United Free Church of Scotland last May we learn that in the city of Vienna since 1918 many thousands of Jews have entered the Christian Church, among them Hans Herzl, son of the founder of the modern Zionist Movement. Within the confines of the old undivided Hungary, during the same period, no fewer than 40,000 Jews have been admitted to the Christian churches of that land. In Budapest alone over 2,500 .rewish converts have'been added to the membership of the Presbyterian Church, and half as many more to other Protestant communions. In Ukrainia whole congregations of Hebrew Christians have been formed.

Here in America the influence of Christianity upon the Jewish people is difficult to estimate. Christian efforts to break down prejudice and win Jews to an adequate knowledge of Jesus have been feeble and intermittent. It is only within very recent years that any Protestant denomination has attempted to make work for the Jews an integral part of its missionary program. Notwithstanding, the impact of evangelical Christianity upon Judaism has not been without definite results. It is estimated that 20,000 Jews have entered into the fellowship of the evangelical churches of America in this generation. Hundreds of churches in all parts of the country have Jews in their membership. The number might be incalculably increased if every church having Jews in its communIty-and there are many thousands of such churches-sought with sympathy and under, standing to interpret Christianity to their Jewish neighbors.

What then will be the future of Jesus in relation to the Jews? For those who nourish their faith on the Christian Scriptures the answer is clear. We catch the vision of a day'when "All Israel will be saved." That day, as envisaged by the great Apostle is to be a veritable springtime of blessing to the whole world. Jesus is to see at length the travail of His soul and be satisfied. He is to be crowned as Lord in every Ghetto of the world. To this end the purpose of God is silently, surely moving. Over every effort in behalf of this ancient people His promises are brooding. We may well cherish the hope that here in America the Christian churches of the land may have a large share in hastening the promised day of Israel's redemption when with measureless devotion and exultation Christ will be acknowledged by "His own."

THAN ONE HALF OF THE AUDTENCE AT THE REGULAR ORPHANAGE

SERVICE, SYRIA Near East Relief as a Christian Mission BY SUMNER R. VINTON, NEW YORK Director of Visual Publicity of the Near East Relief T HE impression of the appeals made at the beginning of the Near East Relief work persists in the memory: "Children are hungry. Feed them." The first emphasis was on relief work and America responded splendidly. A great program of relief was inaugurated which has saved more than a million lives, mostly women and children.

Even relief work is one expression of that great Christian missionary spirit that seeks to share blessings with others whether material or spiritual. Jesus Christ Himself came to earth with a great spiritual mission, but He did not hesitate to heal the sick and feed the hungry. His disciples have followed Him literally. Missionaries have again and again been the leaders in relief work during famines and after great national disasters. "Pure religion and undefiled before our God and Father is this, to visit the fatherless and widows in their affliction. " But this is not all of religious activity for James adds an important item that some overlook. The prophet Isaiah also saw this expression of religion in clear perspective (58: 6-8) and Christ reiterated it (Matt. 25: 31-45).

599

DAILY VOJ.UNTARY PRAYER MEETING GROUP OF NAZARETH ORPHANS. THE BOY WHO STARTED THJS HAS "GRADUATED", BUT SIX BOYS WHOM HE TRAINED CONTINUE THE PLAN It was inevitable that in Near East Relief there should come a shift of emphasis. This was foreshadowed in the very terms of the charter granted by Act of Congress in August 1919 in which it is stated that part of the objective of Near East Relief is t.o "assist in the repatriation and re-establishment of suffering and dependent people of the Near East ….. and to promote the social and economic and industrial welfare of those who have been rendered destitute." It is not enough to save people from death. They must be helped until able to help themselves. As long as they are in need they are our" Neighbors, " to whom we must minister.

At the outset of the work, when Near East Relief was still known as the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief, the extent of the tragedy of Armenia was not fully known. In those days it was thought that $100,000 would be the total amount needed to meet the emergency. By 1919, however, it was realized that a nation had been completely dispossessed and that at least a third of them were dead. ~'he children in the care of America were for the most part hopelessly alone, without relatives who could some day take over their support after the immediate emergency period should have passed. The bulk of the orphans were under twelve years of age and America found herself in the position of both father and mother, with responsibility not simply to care for them

NEAR EAST RELIEF AS A .cHRISTIAN MISSION d01

physically, but to fit them for life. It was necessary that some plan should be formulated whereby these children should eventually be fitted for self-support.

As a first step toward this end, it was natural that a program of school work should be undertaken. There have been no illiterates from among the graduates of Near East Relief orphanages to swell the large number who ·are totally illiterate in the Near JiJsst. Even this elementary schooling haa proven itself to be a first step toward the development of a possible leadership. It was natural that vocational training should be undedaken and that a program of industrial training should be inaugurated. That program is in full force today. It teaches the children to produce such things as can be sold in the countries in which they are to live and work. While Near East Relief is introducing improved tools and methods, the instruction is not 80 advanced as to educate the boys and girls above t.he level they can hope to attain. Naturally much has been d<m~ along the line of agricultural training, for the bulk of these boys and girls must earn their living frOID the soil.

Schools and colleges, industrial and agricultural training, have long been recognized as a part of a sound foreign mission policy in the non-Christian lands of the world. They are needed to develop leaders for the native church and to bring it to self-support.

But the essentially missionary character of the work of Near EVENING PRAYERS [NONE Ob' THE GIRLS' DORM.ITORY ROOMS IN SYRIA WHERE 600 SLEEP

East Relief is revealed by the fact that the program today has a distinctly religious, Christian element. It is definitely committed to a program of religious education. Most of the children are of Armenian-Gregorian, or Greek-Orthodox, parentage and all of the orphanages directly conducted by Near East Relief are Christian.

Religious education from a Christian viewpoint had to be a part of the program in view of the type of men who organized the move- ment. Ambassador Morgenthau's appeal was brought to the then Lay- men's Missionary Movement as being the organization that could best put the need before the coun- try. Dr. Barton, long a mission- ary in Turkey and at the head of the American Board, has been chairman of the organization; :Mr.

Charles V. Vickrey, the general secretary, has been associated with missionary movements from the days of his being one of the famous Yale '98 S. V. Band and later a secretary of the Young People's Missionary Movement.

Consider, too, the large number of missionaries among those who had charge pf the administration of the early relief work. Their own work had been interrupted by the war, so that they were free; they knew the country, the people, th~ language, and they had the mis- sionary spirit in their hearts.

We should remember too that, as the emergency period passed and the work no longer ONE OF . THE BLIND AT JERUSALEM commanded large space in the READING NEW TESTAMENT. WHEN public press for its news value, the ASKED WHY SHE MOVED HER HAND IN- predominance of support has STEAD DB' KEEPING STILL FOR THE come from the chnrches. The PICTURE, SHE SAID HElR FINGERS viewpoint and advice of men and TOUCHED THE WORD "JESUS" AND SHE COULD NOT WAIT TO FIND WHAT IT SAID ABOUT HIM women intetested in church and missionary work bave greatly helped to give form to the present program. .

The following elements may be noted in the program of Religious Education that permeates all the activities of .Near East Relief.

First, the teachers are practically all of them Christian, largely the product of mission schools, Second, religions chapel services. Third, thanksgiving and God's l;>lessing asked at meals. Fourth, Bible stu'dy is a part of the daily school program and, of course, enters especially into the Sunday program.

192&] NEAR EAST RELIEF AS A .cHRISTIAN MISSION

Fifth, evening prayers in the dormitories. Sixth, in some of the orphanages voluntary, orphan-led services of real significance and value have developed. Seventh, in this connection may very well be mentioned organizations for the development of self-government, such as the Juvenile Court at Corinth. The aim is to have the orphans themselves define and enforce moral and ethical standards in keeping with the teaching of Christ. Eighth, Sunday services: Ca) Where feasible, children attend local churches according to the faith of their fathers. In some cases there is not room for all of the orphans each Sunday-for example, Armenians in Corinth, Syra and Athens. A great deal of thought and effort has been expended on plans to enrich, strengthen and extend the work of these churches. Dr. Voris spent five months during 1925 in the territory of the Near East interviewing the leaders of the Oriental Churches and getting their pledge of support for plans that would introduce Western Sunday-school methods adapted to the calendars of the Oriental Churches. (b) Special church services in the orphanages. These are necessary for the reason menti{)ned above, but they would have been organized anyway. These orphanage services take the form of regular church services with preaching, very much on our ordinary American plan. (c) Sunday-school work. (d) Services aimed to develop the expressional side of the religious life of the orphans.

In February of this year a representative group met at the national headquarters of Near E.ast Relief to formulate definite plans for Sunday-school lessons for use throughout all the Near East. This group was composed of representatives of the Oriental Churches in America, the Religious Education organizations of America, the Mission Boards operating in the Near East and other agencies working there, including the American Bible Society, World's Sunday School Association, Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., W orId Alliance and Federal Council of Churches. The religious educators and the Foreign Mission Boards were further represented through the Joint Committee on Methods and Material for Religious Education in Foreign Fields, which had created a Committee on Near East Lessons for this purpose. These men and women agreed to proceed at once on lesson material to offer the Near East Relief overseas personnel and the native church leaders for their use or modification, both abroad and in America.

A Committee on Correlation of work being done by American agencies in the Near East was created and will be of large service. Although each agency will retain full freedom, correlation of effort will go far to supply the demand of the Eastern Churches for our Western Evangelical interpretation, social application, and practical example of Christianity.

It is a notable fact that within the last two years there has come what Dr. Barton calls a revolutionary changw in the attitude of the Oriental Churches toward Western Christianity. The Greek Bishop of Syra voiced this change at the Universal Conference on Life and

Work, at Stockholm, and said that it was due to the demonstration of love that the churches of America had furnished through Near East Relief.

-While this organization has no claim to oeing a foreign mission agency of any church or group of churches in -other particulars, Near East Relief has as its great objectives the building of individual Christian character, the development of leadership in things worth while, the creation of a better spirit and relationship between individuals and nations and a real advance of the Kingdom of God and of righteousness upon earth. Near East Relief is rendering notable service along missionary lines in Bible lands.

BIBLE CLASS AT SIDON. P'ART OF 1'l!E DAILY SCHOOL PROGRAM The Road to Happiness This is the Road to Happiness: And take the Gloak of Charity, St.art Now, f)'om Where You Are; The Staff of Wise Employ, , 'Turn to the Rigllt and keep straight on," A loaf of Bread of Daily Grace, And you 'Il not find it far. A flask well filled with Joy; Along the Path of Willing Feet A word of cheer, a helping hand, An dover Heartease Hill, Some good to give or share, Aeross the Fields of Sweet Content, A bit of song, a higb resolve, The Stream of Glad Good-Will; A hope, a smile, a prayer.

Then through the Lane of Loving Heart, And in the Place of Dnty Done, The Gate that's called To-day, Beside the Door of Home, And down the steps of Little Things You'll find the House of Happiness- Into the Common Way. For Happiness does not roam. -Annie Johnson Flint in Sunday School T·"nes.

Years' Changes in West Africa *

BY REV. MELVIN FRASER, D.D., LOLODORF Dr. Fraser, for over thirty years a Presbyterian· Missionary in West Mrica, is President of Dager Memorial Theological and Bible Training School at Lolodorf. Dr. Fraser has, as he says in the following article, seen the entire mission force in the Cameroun change more than once in the three decades of his service there, and has seen the work grow from small beginnings to its present importance.

T HE past thirty years in West Africa have been years of more change and forward movement than were the preceding sixty years. A pen picture of contrasts between prevailing conditions in our Africa mission field thirty years ago and today is not only interesting as a bit of modern history of something that again "turned the world up-side down," but as a kind of dynamic incentive to more of such turning and movement toward the beckoning possibilities of which the past score and half of years are but an earnest.

Thirty years ago, there were three stations at Baraka, Benito, Batanga, all on the rather moribund coast; another, Angom, seventy miles up the Gaboon River, and Efulen, an infant of less than three years. Today, Baraka and her French satellite Angom having been transferred to the Paris Evangelical Society, the annual budget is made out for six additional stations, an average of one new station every five years-Elat, MacLean Memorial, Metet, Foulassi, Sakbeyeme, and Yaounde, with occupation of Bafia soon to ripen into the status of a station.

Thirty years ago about a score of missionaries, by dint of grit and grace, were on the field. Today there are more than four score. The personnel'has so changed that not one is there today who was there when the two of us survivors arrived on the field thirty-one years ago. God buries (or otherwise removes) the workers, but carries on the work. But, strangely enough, while the number of missionaries has increased four-fold, the work has so expanded and become so exactingly specialized that each missionary seems to have about four times as much to do. But as the days and duties so the strength.

Thirty years ago there were some half dozen organized churches dotting the coast-{)nly one, Angom, inland seventy miles up the Gaboon River, with a membership of a few hundred-rather static and, like Laotiicea, "neither hot nor cold." Today there are thirtyone churches reaching more than 200 miles into the jungle interior and holding a membership of 32,000 men and women.

A score and a half of years ago, as many Bible readers as there are fingers on one hand, with little or no special training and operat- ~om Women and Mt.BBion8~ April, 1926. 605

ing within the bounds of old organized churches on the coast, constituted the native evangelistic force. But the Spirit of God has been at work and things have been brought to pass. At this writing some 500 Bible readers, like the stars in a dark night, twinkling, differing in magnitude and difficult to count, men who start and hold preaching points, are distributed far and near, groups of eighty at a time taking their rotary turns at the school of systematic Bible training. This host of men-mostly young men, brands plucked from the burning but yesterday, on meager although "living" pay, unlearned, names unknown in the home land-are true knights of the cross, mighty and indispensable in the soul-winning movement of our Mission. Thirty years ago the Presbytery of Corisco could report two or three licentiates; now there are forty of these prospective ministers.

In those days of small things thirty years ago, small vernacular schools were running, rather spasmodically, at one or more of the stations, a few lads "playing study" at German or Spanish, and village schools were scarce. In this year of 1926, a visitor at any interior station would hear the buzz and feel the "pep" of these "power factories "-two to three hundred vernacular boys and girls studying the five-years' course of French, and from a score to several dozen surrounding village schools, near and far, busy in their separate localities.

Then the girls, put under a lien and decorated brides with bright beads as soon as they could walk, were forced into polygamous marriage and the notion prevailed among male natives that girls and women could not-at least should not-know anything but sin and servitude. Now a girls' school of one hundred at any station is a matter of course, and girlhood, potential womanhood, through applied Christianity is getting her Magna Charta.

Then boys had to be gone after and literally coaxed and hired with a promise of goods-half a yard of cloth to wear instead of nothing, and a handful of salt once a week-and they came not alone, but under escort of the missionaries, lest they be kidnapped as they walked through hostile villages. Today, travel being safe and school appreciated, the aspiring boys overflow the dormitories and school rooms and gladly pay the nominal fee for the privilege. In much less than thirty years, the keenly observing and ambitious boys, who have both eye and instinct to find roads, have learned that the path to position and prosperity and escape from grinding drudgery runs through the schoolroom. Yet not the school alone, for it has dawned upon thousands of boys and hundreds of girls that the fear of Jehovah is both the beginning and the continuation of welfare and wisdom. In those receding pioneer days, medical work was small and doc- tors exceedingly scarce. The yelling, ubiquitous witch-doctor had it

192fl] THIRTY YEARS! CHANGES IN WEST AFRtcA

all his own way-and it was some way. Now it is the policy to have a physician at each station, with a well-supplied dispensary and equip- ment to serve the thousands who come, walking or carried, from near and far, many of them asking for sleep medicine and to be "split" by the white man who, with the sharp knife, has all power to cut and cure. And the voice of the plumed monster whose roaring held the people spell-bound and scared out the witches is heard in the land as an echo of thirty years ago.

Then the native, the untrained child of nature, had been born and bred to think-so far as he indulged in thinking-that there was more pleasure and profit in fighting, gambling, tricky trading in rubber and ivory, than in working. Let the women do the work, except the little sewing of his cloth, which was the man's job. But the appar- ently lruzy native was not slow to wake up as soon as he was given something definite to do and a motive for doing it. The visitor today is amazed to see the hundreds of apprentices at Elat and other sta- tions being trained in as many as a dozen forms of craft which teach the dignity of work with the hands, as well as provide a means of decent living. And all this with the primary aim of making men, not things.

In the pioneering days, the interior native was amazed at the idea of putting thought on paper. He had only recently seen paper . and borrowed a coast word (kalate) for book, and was staring in shy astonishment at the recently-arrived alphabet that could spell words. Now, more people can read thim the number of stars seen by the naked eye on a clear night, and a vernacular literature is abroad.

These same thirty years ago, two or three theologs might have been seen sitting at the feet of the venerable lady professor in her hospitable cottage on the coast of rOll-ring surf-where Sunday morn- ings after church she was wont to refresh the missionaries with lime- ade and cookies, good cheer and chat. Since then, as many. as twenty- seven dusky and husky sprigs of divinity have gathered in class in the theological and Bible training plant, with lecture rooms and dor- mitories costing $8,000 and a curriculum covering four years.

The principle of self-support has come to the front and to the rescue. In those former years, the natives received their benefits in quite a literal and extreme sense, without money and without price. There were patients without fees, schools without tuition, churches yet strangers to the grace of liberal and systematic giving. They wanted to be and were fed from a spoon. Then the interior work was opened and developed on the basis of self-support in churGh, educa- tional and medical departments, and, the coast people complied.

In these thirty wondrous years, perhaps there is no one thing in the economy of practical existence that has changed more markedly or happily than the matter of health. Tropical Africa used

to be called the "white man's grave," and in the face of facts it was hard to gainsay the saying. Not only were avoidable graves filled by drinking whites who lived carelessly, but even our missionaries died needlessly. Hemoglobinuric fever made havoc up to about twenty years ago. The climate has not changed, but the health record has. At last some of the causes of malady and mortality have been found out and dealt with. The Anopheles mosquito has not moved out nor been exterminated, but it has been arrested, indicted, convicted and has had the ban put upon his hatching, boundaries set as to where he shall go, and his sting is counteracted by such specific as quinine.

What has been done in thirty years is worthy of a glance, but surely cannot be fairly interpreted until that glance sees the finger pointing plainly forward to the great things of the next thirty years -of which all the past, glad and grateful as we are for it, is but an earnest with which we cannot be satisfied until our Lord has "seen the travail of His soul and is satisfied."

THE MODERN Hl:SSIONARY BY ALEXANDER M. ALLAN, BOGOTA, COLOMBIA The Christian missionary of today does not spend much time under a palm tree, preaching to savages with a Bible under his arm. He is more usually found ata typewriter, and does more bookkeeping than is generally supposed.

He does not often have the dreary voyages and the isolation of the pioneers of half a century ago; his furloughs are more frequent, and his living conditions much better.

Neither does he have, however, the quiet life of his predecessor; he has far more strain, more organization, and more demands on his mental force and nervous energy.

The ideal modern missionary is the human keystone of an arch, the inspirer of a group of national workers, the brain of a movement, the prayer center and counselor of a national church.

Long ago it was desirable that his furlough come as infrequently as possible-travel was so difficult-; now it is considered of the utmost importance to recruit the forces, sharpen the mind and refresh the spirit of the missionary through more frequent furloughs, so that he may be more adequately furnished for his task.

Suffering was the keynote of the early pioneers; efficiency is the watchword of the present generation.

"Take care of the Lord's money even if His servants suffer" was the old battle cry. Today we hear it said rather: "Take care of the Lord's servants, even if it costs more."

Then a missionary gathered his audience, as. a personal evangelist; the day may soon come when the radio will be used to preach the Gospel simultaneously to thousands of villages.

Though methods change, the spirit of Paul, greatest of all mission· aries, is still what we most covet: the grace, patience, endurance and love, coupled with the art of creating and fostering churches, in which Christ is all and in all.

SACATON PIMA I N DIA N CHUR C H IlTTJI.'r AS A MEMORIAL TO DR

H. COOK An Indian Mission in Arizona* A Christian Church That Has Become the Center of an Indian Tribe ACHURCH which has entered into the whole life of its people is at work among the Pima Indians in Arizona, centering at Sacaton. The leaders of this work, both Indian and white, have, in fifty years, led a whole tribe from semi-barbarism into a Christian community, The results show the aptitude of the Indians for Christian civili'zation, if Christian ideas and ideals are presented in the right way. The field takes in four hundred and six square miles, all of the Gila River and part of the Papago reservations. The mission has grown until it now has over thirteen hundred members and includes nine churches and stations scattered over this area. 'rhe white missionary in charge has nine full-time Indian helpers and one part~ time man.

Fifty-six years ago young Charles H. Cook started the work on his own responsibility. The mission boards had no money for such an enterprise, for Indian affairs in Arizona were at that time in a very unsettled state. The Government at Washington warned him that it would be dangerous to go. But Cook went, working his way out and preaching whenever opportunity offered. He arrived at the Agency on December 23, 1870, with two dollars in his pocket. On January 1st, he was on the pay-roll of the Government as a teacher with a salary of $1,000 and all expenses paid, a good income for those days.

·'.i'he following story is reprinted by permission at' the Institute ot Social and Religlous Research. 370 Seventh Avenue, New York City, from its volum,e of stories ot successfu1 country churches entitled "Churches of Distinction in TOWIl and Country,'" ThIs volume i s publ1shed for the In stitute by George H. Doran Co., New York.

609 J

From that time until he was an old man, Mr. Cook worked with the Pimas. During the earlier years he could do his mission work only on Sundays and at night, for he had to earn his living on week- days. After he had been working on the reservation about eight years the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions undertook his support so that he was able to devote all his time to the mission work. At first he talked and preached out in the fields, because it was there that he found the Indians. Sometimes he would talk in the little round dwelling-places called "kihs," where one must stoop to enter and sit with lowered head because of the smoke. Sometimes he preached in the village counsel-houses, and if the people were friendly, the village captain or sub-chief would call them together for the meeting. His addresses were always interpreted during the first years, but he studied the language and worked out for himself a dictionary of Pima words, so that before long the Lndians could understand him. He taught much and he won the children at first by giving them cubes of sugar and pieces of bread. "That's the way he catch 'em," said an old Indian. As soon as the children learned English, they could interpret for him.

Mr. Cook's courage and patience were proof against all discouragement. It was twelve years before he won his first convert and nineteen years before his first church was organized. The work grew by the conversion of one Indian here, another there, then a whole family, then several families. The next step would be the organization of a church. So it went. The first church was organized at Sacaton on April 3, 1889. The. Gila Crossing Church was organized in 1894, the Blackwater in 1900, and the two other churches, Casa Blanca and Maricopa, were organized in 1902.

Mr. Cook ministered to the whole man. He taught the Pimas the simple story of Christ, and he also taught them better ways of living; he worked to protect their water rights just as faithfully as he preached the Ten Commandments. The Pimas grew to love and trust this earnest white man, and gradually began to take all their problems to him and to put his words into practice. As a result of his wise dealings with these people the church today is so woven into their lives that one cannot mark the place where its influence begins or where it leaves off.

The land of the Pimas is sandy desert country, fertile, indeed, with water, but absolutely unproductive without it. The water question has been a burning one for years, for the Indians are dependent for their living upon the land. From prehistoric times they have understood the practice of irrigation, the Gila River affording plenty of water for their needs. But as the white men settled in the valley far above, they gradually diverted the water to their own use. In the days when the Apache was on the war path, thePimas helped to protect the white man, but when those dangerous days were over

192(>] AN INDIAN MISSION IN ARIZONA

the white man expressed his gratitude by taking the Indian's water.

Some wells were put in which provided water for part but not all of the reservation. Many of the Indians have had one crop failure after another, year after year. Is it any wonder that the Indian says: "When the white man begins, he takes all"? Oharles H. Oook, however, was one white man who never let the Government or the public forget the injustices done to the Pimas. It is safe to say that had not this guardian of their interests been at 11and to check- mate these efforts to despoil the Pimas of their heritage, they would long ago have been objects of charity.

"Oook agitated the Pima's need [for an adequate water supply] and laid the foundation for the remedy of that need; the work that he did pointed the way to what was needed," said the sec- retary of the Indian Rights Association. Dr. Oook also fought to keep the Pimas' land for the Pimas, and his successor, Dr. Lay, has carried on the struggle.

"I want the Pimas to value their land," says Dr. Lay, the present missionary. "I do not want them to forget that many of their fathers and grandfathers died to keep the Apaches away."

In other ways also Dr. Oook and his successor have served the ONE OF THE INDIAN ELDERS temporal interests of the Pimas.

With the Ohristian Indians as leaders, the recreational and social life of the Pimas has gradually been changed. Standards of family life, the marriage law and the position of women, ever a determin- ing factor among Indians, are now those of the average white com- munity. The church is the main influence in directing public opinion and the old Indian religion commands no followers.

Years ago, the first native policeman to attempt to enforce the laws against drinking on the reservation was one of Dr. Oook's earliest converts. At that time, the Indians used to make intoxicat- ing wine in big jars called" olIos." On these occasions whole villages would get drunk, and often there would be fights. "We would see a man all covered with blood, his clothes all bloody," said an old Indian, adding reminiscently, "and once in a while a murder."

Indian policeman, sent to break the "olIos" and stop the drinking would usually end by joining in the celebration. Finally, the agent appointed a new chief of police and put new men under him. The son of this chief of police tells what happened. "My father," he said, "had become interested in the story of Jesus before this; he had commenced to attend church and had been baptized. He went out with his men and they didn't get drunk like those others did. They smashed the 'olIos' with the wine in them. That was the beginning of stop make that stuff. My father was the first Indian policeman to enforce the law. against the drinking in any village." The reservation is now a model of sobriety.

Recreations, too, have changed. Formerly the foot and horse races between villages were the excuse for heavy gambling. "The women," an old Indian declared, "would even bet the skirts they were wearing." Recreational life now centers in the church and the Government schools. Villages compete in clean. athletics, and the poij.cy of the Mission includes a definite program of recreation. The Pima Athletic Association, which now has seventy members, was organized by Dr. Lay seven years ago. A football league is controlled by the Athletic Association.

As time has gone on, more and more responsibility in the various organizations of the Presbyterian Mission has oeen accorded to the Indians. Often the outstanding weakness of a work of this kind is that everything is managed for the Indian, he himself contributing nothing. Here, on the other hand, the management of affairs has been gradually turned over to the members, until at present they take as much responsibility as do the members of the average white church.

The Sacaton Church, which was built in 1918 as a memorial to Dr. Cook, is the central and largest church building. The Indians and their white friends all worked together to raise the funds and obtained $17,000 of the $25,000 needed. The building committee then appointed the church treasurer and Dr. Lay to ask a bank in Casa Blanca for the remaining $8,000 on loan, and the request.was granted with no other security than" the face of an Indian." The building is of gray stucco. The church auditorium seats five hundred and the basement is divided into differen.t classrooms and a kitchen, furnished with a stove and dishes and silver for one hundred people.

Eight other buildings are scattered over the mission field. Four are the homes of regular church organizations, one is a mission and the rest are small chapels located in parishes which are so large that it is more convenient to have two places of meeting. The chapels are used for Sunday evening meetings, prayer meetings, and Christian Endeavor meetings. The total value of these" outpost" buildings, which were all built by the people themselves, even to the adobes, is $8,000. Four have outdoor arbors where summer meetings

AN INDIAN MISSION IN ARIZONA

are held. There are two manses, one at Sacaton and one at Gila Crossing, and there are also two houses for workers on that part of the Papago reservation which is included in this field.

The Indians are assuming more responsibility all the time in self-suppol:t, and in this connection it should be borne in mind that because of the whites taking their water, many of these Indians are not as well off financially as they were thirty years ago. This is still a home mission field, a little more than $4,600 having been received in 1922-23 for the support of the work from the Presbyterian Board and from some outside contributors. There is little doubt, however, that when the Pimas all have water, the work will become entirely self-supporting. In 1922, the churches gave $432 for home missions, $38 for foreign missions, $120 for evangelism, $50 for other church THE PRIMARY CLASS OF THE CA8A BLANCA CHURCH IN THE SACATON FIELD causes and $126 for miscellaneous benevolences. 1m 1902, twenty years earlier, they gave only $138 for home missions, $14 for foreign missions and $29 for all other church and benevolent causes. In 1922, $1,275 was raised for congregational expenses; in 1912, $450 was raised for this purpose, and in 1902 only $127.

Collections are taken up at all meetings. Each church uses the budget system and makes out its own budget. An every-member canvass is made every spring by the group leaders. The people promise to pay something, but they rarely pledge actual amounts because they cannot tell in advance about their crops. They give what they can.

Membership of the churches increases steadily. In 1902 the total membership was 896; in 1922 it had grown to 1,382, distributed among five organized churches. This represents a higher membership average than in any other group of Indian churches in the United

States. The total number of members equals 22 per cent of the population.

Oare is taken to keep track of every church member and a regular" ever-follow" system has been worked out. Ea,ch elder is supervisor of a district and watches over every church family in his district. When the weather begins to get cold, he sees that all of his families have enough wood. If a home is without wood and has not the money to buy any, he calls the men of the church together and they cut and haul wood for that family. Or, if the house of a widow or sick family is letting in the rain and cold, the men of the cliurch take time to rebuild the house. Furthermore, in every village there are group leaders each of whom has a list of people for whose attendance at meetings he assumes responsibility. These group leaders 20me together once a month in the Religious Oouncil, which was organized two years ago to discuss general policies, methods and plans.

Members have a real feeling of responsibility toward those who are not members of any church. "If one of our neighbors is not a member of any church we have to go to him and hold a little meeting at his house," said an elder, "then we just keep ou' going until he say he is glad to see us, until he wait for us to come back again. We talk to him about the Gospel and keep on coming again' and again. Then when Communion is coming, I have to go to him and ask him how he feel now. I say, 'If you want, come to Communion.' He say, 'All right, I go.' Then I report to Dirk Lay who goes and sees him. Maybe the next Communion he join, or the next one after that."

The chief evangelistic effort is made at the yearly camp meeting, held in the large arbor at Casa Blanca. These camp meetings were started by Dr. Oook fifteen years ago and have been held every year since. They are now managed by the Indians themselves through the Elders' Association (which includes elders from all the Indian churches on the Gila River and Salt River reservations). On the last days there is always a big collection which amounted at the last me~ting to $431.94. Expenses came to $289.56, and the balance was sent as a contribution to home missions.

Years ago Dr. Cook started to teach the Bible to school children once a week. This work has grown until now regular catechism classes are held every Tuesday night at Sacaton in which all the Presbyterian school children in the Government boarding school are enrolled. Now every church member is enrolled in one of the six Sunday-schools of which the total membership is 1,580. Once a year the children are asked if they would like to join the church. After the class period is over, Dr. Lay conducts a training course for teachers and anyone else who is interested.

The nine Christian Endeavor Societies-six senior, one inter-

1926J AN INDIAN r.nSSION IN ARIZONA

mediate and two junior-have a total enrollment of two hundred and forty-two. Regular meetings are held on Sunday morning or evening, and each society has socials through the year. The senior societies often go almost en masse to other villages to help organize Christian Endeavor Societies if there is none or to encourage a society already organized. Other organizations include an Old People's Society at Casa Blanca of twenty-five members; a Y. M. C. A. with twenty members at Blackwater, and women's missionary societies, with thirty-fiV'e members, at Sacaton and Blackwater.

'1'0 be at Sacaton and see the services through a Sunday convinces one that this church has somehow given the Indians a real V'ision of a living Christ. Church services at Sacaton come in the afternoon and the scene resembles the grounds of a state fair with 11-' THE HOUSE OF A WIDOW FAILS. INTO BAD REPAIR, HER FELLOW-CHURCH- MEMBERS FIX IT l'P FOR HER teams and riding horses fastened all along the fence about the church grounds.

The number of mission workers this field has produced shows how the message has touched the hearts of the Pima Indians. Six have gone into the ministry in the last five years. In the last ten years, a total of eighteen have decided to dedicate their lives to Christ. All of the nine native assistants and the part-time worker came from this field. Three of these men are stationed on the Papago reservation. One of the mission workers tells of the instructions Dr. Cook gave to him when he started off to do his first preaching. "Take care of yourself," Dr. Cook told him. "You are like an open book in the eyes of your fellow men. People will come to hear you preach. They will read your everyday life and see whether you are trying to lead the kind of life you are talking about. They will read your conduct, your conversation and your actions. So I say, take care of yourself."

The present missionary in charge, Dr. Dirk Lay, has the absolute confidence of his people. "There are more than five hundred Indians here that Lay could take straight to hell with him if he wanted to," is the way one of his Pimas put it. He loves the Indians like brothers, and they love and trust him in return. "The elders and I have a perfect understanding," said Dr. Lay. "When I came I told them that I was going to treat them like white men and I wanted them to treat me like their own people. I told them that I wanted their respect; that I would not stay unless I had it. If I do something they don't like, they tell me about it and I do the same with them. You must have faith in your people or they will not have faith in you." The elders once told their white pastor they thought he was devoting too much of his time to athletics, to baseball especially. They talked the matter over pro and con and Lay explained to them carefully that in those places where church people did not go in for baseball t.here were often Sunday games. "You see, we go in for ball at Sacaton," he told them, "and we don't have Sunday ball." Since then he has never heard another word against athletics.

Dr. 'Cook realized that Indians, like white men, are reached not in masses or by wholesale legislation, but only as the mass is broken up and touched as individuals. "The first white man that gave us a chance to believe was Cook," said one of the elders; "then, when we old Indians learned Christian ways, we helped too. T'ogether we worked, trying to do what is right, help others, pushing right on and going right ahead."

The Mission at Sacaton has shown the capabilities of the Indians for civilization and for Christianity. It has shown what can be accomplished by Christian men of large and humane views, following a Christian program. Part of this program has been the difficult task of trying to persuade the American people that the Pimas had rights which the white man was bound to respect. Largely as a result of the missionaries' efforts along this line, the outlook for enough water for all the Pimas is favorable, the Pima lands have been allotted and they have not been leased. On the reservation, white leaders and Indians together have worked out an adequate program for a rural people living in small villages scattered over a large area. It is a program which has reached the whole life of the Indian and centered it in the church.

There are fifty thousand Indians in the United States, among whom no missionary work whatever has ever been done, either by the Roman Catholie or the Protestant Chureh. These Indians wait yet the eoming of the missionary with the White Man's" Book of Heaven. "

NATIVES DANCING IN NEW

Fifty Years in the Island of New Britain BY REV. WILLIAM H. COX, RABAUL, NEW BRIT'AIN O N the 15th August, 1875, there landed at Port Hunter, in the Duke of York Group, midway between New Britain and New Ireland, the pioneer missionary band consisting of Rev. Geo. Brown, eight Fijians and two Samoans. Mr. Brown had been moved by the stories he had heard of the barbarism of the peoples of the New Britain Archipelago, and he had prevailed on the Mission authorities in Australia to authorize the opening of a new field. He called at Fiji on the way to pick up native teachers to assist in establishing the mission.

The story of the response of the Fijians to the appeal for volunteers in this enterprise is one of the epics of missions. The case was stated to the students in the District Training College, and after having the following night to think it over and pray about it everyone of the eighty-three volunteered. Nine were selected to go. The government officials in their desire to make sure that no undue pressure was brought to bear on the men, and that they would fully understand all that was involved in going to New Britain, app~ared almost to do their utmost to frighten them. The noble answer of the student who was selected as spokesman thrills the reader even today. After assuring the Administrator that everything had been 617

fully explained to them, and thanking His Honor for the interest that was being taken in them, he said: "But, sir, we have fully considered this matter in our hearts; no one has pressed us in any way; we have given ourselves up to do God's work, and our mind today, sir, is to go with Mr. Brown. If we die, we die; if we live, we live."

In less than three months from the landing at Port Hunter one of these heroes had died-the first to lay down his life for New Britain. In 1878 four others were murdered in the hills of New Britain, arid the blood of the martyrs recorded in the dust the ignorance and savagery of the tribes to whom the missionaries had come in obedience to the ancient commission. Since then mound after mound has marked the last resting place of a long line of those who have counted their lives not dear unto themselves. Tonga, Samoa, and more particularly Fiji, have found in New Britain an outlet for the glowing missionary spirit which sends out laborers to the Lord:s harvest.

In this year of Jubilee it will be of interest to note something of how the Mission has grown and what its influence on the natives has been.

Fifty years ago the first missionary landed, and since then over one hundred white workers have come and gone. A malarial climate has meant a severe test for every new arrival, and only a very small number have been able to stay more than ten years, while the average complete term has been about four years. As each worker must learn the language of the people after arrival On the field, as well as adapt him or herself to altered conditions of life and work and to a strange people, the short term of service is a distinct -handicap. At present eight ordained missionaries, four lay missionaries, and ten missionary sisters represent the white staff, and three hundred and thirty pai'! colored workers (all but four of whom are local natives) work in the villages. Forty thousand people come under the influence of the Mission, and are ministered to in three hundred and fifteen churches, where the pulpits are occupied by the workers mentioned above, with the help of :five hundred and fifty other native local preachers. '1'here are ten thousand members of the church, and over ten thousand young people receive instruction in the day and Sunday-schools.

Perhaps the most outstanding change which the Mission work has brought is seen in the freedom with which the people now mix with each other, and the distances which they confidently travel from home. They themselves invariably refer to this feature of present day conditions when comparing them with those of former days, and cite this as an instance of what Ohristianity has done for them. The early missionaries recorded that 'villages a mile or two apart lived in constant dread of each other, and for men, women, and children

FIFTY YEARS IN THE ISLAND OF NEW BRI'l'AIN

of neighboring villages to assemble in one place on friendly terms and unarmed, as is constantly seen now, was unheard of. The writer lived for several years in a village on the east coast of New Ireland, and in that village two dialects were spoken. It was the meeting place of those two tongues; but a village three miles away knew only one, and this is an indication of how restricted were the movements of the people in the old cruel days of heathenism.

An interesting incident in the writer's experience had to do with those old conditions of inter-village warfare. We were visiting a new area with a view to settling several native teachers to break up some new soil. It was sUggl9stedthat we visit a village a little inland. I went without any misgivings, and little suspecting what NEW BRITAIN CHRISTIANS LISTENING TO A SERMON I was to witness. As we approached the village I noticed that round it were high barricades of timber, then falling into disrepair. We were accompanied by the young chief of the village we had just left, a mile or two away. 'Vhen we reached the houses we sat down on rocks and pieces of wood in the yard. I noticed that very special attention was paid to the young chief, and that from each house bundles of home-cured tobacco and valuable shell ornaments were heaped before him. I received a few gifts, but he had piles. We moved on after a time to another part of the village and sat down again, and they did the same again. One after another hurried to this chief with loads of gifts. We had been seated only a few moments in this second place when everybody appeared to be talking at once, and there was a most disconcerting hubbub. There was a tremendous shouting, sounding like arguing and quarrelling, and the young chief was loudest of all.

SOME CHILDREN OF SAVAGES IN NEW BRITAIN I did not know a word of what was being said, and it sounded as if anything might happen. A comforting fact was that the women were present and amongst the noisiest of the company. That is always a good sign, as if there is likely to be fighting the women disappear by common consent. The row was kept up for about ten minutes, and then the young chief rose and walked across the yard and gave his hand to a man who was standing there, and who had not had a word to say. Without another word being spoken, it was all over! I learned that the two villages had been at war with one another for many months, and that this was the first time that this young chief had dared to show his face in this village since hostilities began. Evidently there was general relief and rejoicing that at last peace had been restored, and only a few minutes later I counted as many as five women hanging round the young chief's neck at a time, smiling most affectionately into his face, and offering him the ends of their cigarettes to smoke-a very common courtesy amongst such folk.

That young chief was the first convert to Christianity in that neighborhood, and was a great help to the Mission until his death a few months ago.

What Christianity can do for even the most backward peoples could not have a better testimony than is found in the case of Aparam To Bobo, a native chief whose home is near the center of the missionary operations. Aparam was converted when a young man thirty years ago. He was born before the first missionary arrived, and knew no other life than that of barbarism with its suspic~on and fear, and its cannibalistic cruelty. As soon as he received the light he be-

19261] :E'1FTY YBARt'. IN TJim ISLAND 0]' NBW, BRITAIN

came a preacher and was tireless in his activity as he journeyed here and there to tell the good news to neighboring villages. His missionary suggested that he should buy a small boat so that his journeys by water might be safer and more comfortable, and, to assist him, advanced the money required. It was not long afterwards that Aparam brought the boat back saying that he wished to return it. The missionary assured him that he did not need to trouble abont the money that was owing as he could wait. But Aparam said that the boat was no use to him. "When I go to a village now the people do not wish to see me or hear what I come to tell them, all they have eyes for is my boat, and they crowd around that and feel it and admire it, and can talk and think of nothing ·else. It is a hindrance to me in my work." And that good, true, soul would not have a boat at that price.

At a teachers' meeting, with the white missionary in the chair, the question arose as to where the next meeting should be held, and one of the teachers suggested that it be at a village an hour or two's walk into the bush. Another teacher who was disposed sometimes to be a little difficult objected to this proposal, on the ground that a beach village would be much more convenient, and a good deal of heat was introduced into the argument, and these two men were on their feet together expressing warmly their views. The white missionary was watching that things would not go too far but did not know just what to do. Just at that moment Aparam, who had been outside, came to the door. He saw at once that something was wrong, and just standing long enough to take in the situation he hurried across the floor to the teacher who had let his temper get the better CHILDREN OF THE MISSION PLAYING IN NEW BRITAIN

of him, and those who saw it will never forget the picture. He put his two hands up on the other's shoulders, and looking up into his eyes he begged him not to be angry. In pleading tones he said: "You must not be angry, this is God's house, be calm, there is no need to be angry over this matter." He pleaded until the angry man was subdued and harmony was restored.

Many, many stories cou.ld be told to illustrate how true and genuine he is, and how real is his Ohristian experience. '1'0 know him truly is to love him, and he is one of God's saints. He is now an old man and is past hard work, but his faith and devotion continue unabated. Let it be said that the people from whom an Aparam To Bobo could come deserve the best we can give them, and the mission work that could produce such a trophy is eminently suited to the people.

The liberality of these people in the support of the Mission's work is no mean indication of their growth in grace and of the place the Mission's work holds in their hearts. When the first missionary arrived they had not a sixpence of foreign money, nor were they noted for generosity. Many a story could be told to prove the mean- ness of the people. We are thankful to record that their offerings this year at the annual missionary meetings amounted to £4730, and the Jubilee Fund for the erection of a new college for the training of village pastors and schoolmasters stands at £1150. To develop in the villagers a proper sense of independence and to prepare for their taking on larger responsibilities we have for some years asked them to assist in the support of their own teachers, and this year they contributed in addition to the above the sum of £590. To mark the Jubilee and to keep pace with the development of the people we are proposing to give them some share in the control of the Mission and in the finance of the District, and as a first definite step we have asked them wherever possible to undertake the entire support of their teachers, appointing stewards to collect the money needed, and pay the teachers themselves, instead of handing the money to the white missionary, as heretofore, and depending on the latter to make good any deficiency. We have reason to hop~ that this will mean a larger income arid also the development of a healthy independence amongst the natives. '

It should be remembered that gifts in money do not represent the whole of the support which comes from the people. All churches are built by them free of cost to the Society, and church debts are not permitted. Most, of the teachers' houses are built in the same way.

The· Mission's work was commenc~ with the help of teachers from the older missions, but now almost all the teachers employed are local men who have been trained in the ,i;nstitutions run for that pur- pose. This marks a definite era in the development of the Mission that we have now reached the stage when these men are able to accept

1926J FIFTY YEARS I N THE ISL.AND OF NEW BRITAIN

larger responsibilities. In the year 1916 the first native minister from amongst our New Britain people was received. Since then four others have been similarly received and are gracing the position.

Girls' schools have been established under the care of Mission Sisters, and in this way some preparation is being made for the Jarger liberty which is coming to the native womankind. By slow degrees love matches are taking the place of the old mercenary arrangement by which girls were disposed of in matrimonial matters by their relatives, and, imperceptibly almost as many changes are taking place, the difference which constitutes the gulf between today and fifty years ago is tremendous.

A NATIVE CHURCH IN NEW BRITAIN BUILT OF LIME There are still large areas untouched by Christian work, and IDany thousands are today waiting for the coming of the evangel, and there will need to be a great increase of staff and of expenditure before the task is completed, but over a large portion of the field the light has shone forth, and we are thankful that the Gospel has proved efficacious with even such unpromising material.

But briefly, cannibalism has become a thing of the past, intertribal fighting and the making and carrying of weapons are only memories, the natives intermingle freely even from widely separated ·villages and districts, many have learned the secret that puts new light into men's faces and new hope into their hearts, and not a few have entered into fellowship with the Master in service and sacrifice and Saviourhood. Women are slowly coming to their own, and young men's faces are toward the sunrise as they seek for education and knowledge that will make them adaptable to conditions which are ever changing.

There have been many failures-how could it be otherwise ¥ -but the experience of fifty years leads us to set out on the new era ushered in by the Jubilee with a confident assurance that the best is yet to be, and that the people are worthy of, and will respond to, the best we can give them.

The Jubilee celebrations were carried out on a large scale, and in feasts and dances, and particularly in decorations, into which were introduced many reminders of earlier days, and in which there appeared distinct features marking the utmost the natives of New Britain can do to honor a person or an occasion, the people sought to express their appreciation of what the Mission has done for them and what it means in their lives. The making and decorating of skillfully designed miniature houses such as find, or found, a place in certain ancient native customs involved much thought and work, and was eloquent of the people's desire to make the celebrations worthy of the occasion.

But best of all was the recognition by what seemed general consent of'an obligation to prove today the genuineness of the work of grace in their hearts by responding to the call to carryon the work of evangelizing their own people, and to go out as messengers of the Gospel to the untouched areas, just as Fijians and Samoans and others came in the early days to them.

A spirit of expectancy is abroad, and our prayer is for wisdom and grace to lay hold of this so that a vigorous and glorious church may be built up even in New Britain.

@ BEST METHODS @ ~ .~ ~ … _,, _ _

•••o" …._ …….

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUllliENBURG BLOO. PHILADELPHIA, P A.

UNMARRIED MOTHERS IN she seemed to possess everything they MISSIONS lacked, even as they possessed every- "Mother of a Thousand Daugh- thing she lacked. The sisters decided ters" is the world's tribute to Eliza to move from their New York apart- Agnew, whose great mother heart ment to their lovely old family home found place for one thousand girls of in a village, in which a college for Ceylon for whom she worked and women was located, and to adopt this prayed. She brought them to Jesus. Chinese daughter and send her to school. With joy they shared the Fidelia Fiske in Persia, Ida Scud- home and all the experience of college der, Anna Kugler, and Isabella Tho- life. When their adopted daughter burn in India and scores of women was graduated and went back to in home mission institutions in Amer- China there seemed no reason why ica are honored unmarried mothers in another daughter should not be added missions. to the family. A second Chinese daughter came in, and, when she was Belle Bennet in Kentucky adopted graduated, another took her place. one girl after another, thus becoming Now the sisters in America are sharmother of an international family. ing three daughters in China and are rejoicing in the affection of their A business woman in New York children's children. learned of a girl in North Carolina who longed for an opportunity for Unmarried motherhood suggests an education. missionary possibility unlimited.

"I will adopt her and send her to school, " proposed the volunteer mother. OUR TEMPLED HILLS IN MAGAZINES She has no large city office, and no safe-deposit box filled with bonds and By EMMELINE HARBISON stocks. Every morning she goes to work and every week she receives her To be listed among valuable helps modest salary check, her life bright- for leaders in the study of the rural ened immeasurably by her newly ac- church are magazine files and current quired family. The daughter she has numbers. Miss Harbison calls attf3ll1,- never seen sends splendid reports and tion to some arti/des which will be chatty letters of college life and the helpful and suggestive.

mother and daughter plan together Seldom has there been a mISSIOn for service in after-college days. study theme that has needed such up- Two sisters were left without any to-the-minute information as the one immediate relatives. They had an at- for this year on the problems of rural tractive home and enough money to life in America. For that reason we provide everything they needed, but should constantly be relating our all the zest was gone out of life. One study to the contents of the maga- round of social functions following zines on our library tables. One is another wearied them. A Chinese very fortunate if that list of reriodi- girl in New York attracted their at- cals has the American Review gf Re- tention. Young, eager and ambitious views in it, because during the past 625 4

few months it has been full of ma- blacksmith's shop, a Wisconsin terial dealing with agriculture and "dirt" farmer vividly pictures eco- the farmer. Beginning with an ar- nomic changes in ' ,One Farming ticle by Secretary of Agriculture Problem "-February, 1926, and in Jardine, in the January, 1926, issue, June, 1926, .a Southern farmer with which concisely sets forth the changes merchandising experience views" Fa- that have occurred since 1900, there vored Farmers" for us. It will be follows in the February number interesting to compare this last ar- "What the Corn Belt Demands," ticle with one written by the wife of dealing with the political situation a Mississippi farmer in the Century and "Farm Bloc" legislation. In for January, 1926–"As Every March there is not only a presenta- Farmer Knows."

tion of agricultural Iowa, but a re- The Literary Digest has not nesume of what the farm press has to glected the rural church in its colsay on farm needs. The April num- umns devoted to religious affairs. ber pictures the rural South and the The comments under "Threatening May issue gives interesting illustra- Rural Dry Rot," February 20, 1926, tions of the cooperative movement in are good and if you have back issues "The Northwestern Farmer in Busi- on file, " Gas Chariots and Dead ness. " Practically all of these num- Churches" will prove interesting bers have some interesting editorial reading-February 28, 1925. comment on the subject. This by no means exhausts the ma- However, one wants to get other terial available. During 1925 there viewpoints to evaluate the situation were many articles relative to the in the light of the Church's responsi- rural situation. We have suggested bility, and the April, 1926, World's some of the most recent material Work with its different political atti- only.

tude not only shows change in the article" The Waning Influence of the PRACTICAL PLANS Farmer," but predicts the future Appreciation, Associa.tion, Relaxa.- trend of the numerical influence of the farmer on our body politic. In tion. At a luncheon given by Baptist the same issue an editorial open let- women of the Central District Board ter to the Iowa Farmer reflects some in Chicago five foreign missionaries of the controversial aspects of the home on furlough and nine home mis- sionaries whose field is Chicago were situation. guests of honor.

A study of the country store past The purpose was to honor the misand present with suggestions of the sionaries, to afford opportunity for economic situation may be found in closer acquaintance, and to furnish the December 5, 1926, number of the an occasion for relaxation. The home Saturday Evening Post and the story missionaries who have been working of a successful foreign-born farmer- under much strain as well as the for- "A Homesteader in Minnesota "-in eign missionaries who have been away the American Magazine of November, from home for years were so enthusi- 1925. astic over the pleasure and benefit of such a gathering it will likely be Four aspects and points of view made an annual affair. have been depicted in the Atlantic MO'l1.thly during the past year. In Race Relations Sunday. A Con- March, 1925, there is a study of one successful "Cooperative" – "The gregational church in New York City Farmer in the Pit" and the economic observed a Race Relations Sunday re- situation is presented in "Our Em- cently in a way that was interesting battled Farmers' '-November, 1925. and educational. A group of Chi- Beginning with a controversy at a nese Christians was invited to plan

BEST MEITHODS

and conduct the entire Sunday eve- " Ming Kwong. " Both men and ning service. women were in this class and four out of the six chapters were led by The choir was composed of Chinese men. Each week a short Chinese students. 'fhe American organ was play was presented. still while Chinese instruments furnished the accompaniment for na- The menu for the last dinner was tional and church hymns in Can- made up of Chinese dishes, recipes tonese dialect. A group of Chinese for which were found in the book children recited selections, and a "Chinese Ginger," by Catherine At- Chinese Christian pastor made a kinson Miller. talk. On invitation the pastor of the church who had formerly been a mis- Ma.p Building_ Ata young peosionary in China made an address fol- pIe's meeting, with South America lowed by lantern slides showing Ori- for the theme, a map game patterned ental life. after the old-fashioned "Tail the Donkey" was played. A large out- After the service the members of line map of South and Central Amerthe congregation were given an op- ica and Mexico was drawn on book portunity of becomin~ acquainted muslin and hung on the wall. Three with their Chinese neighbors and of or four large rivers were indicated examining many articles from China but no other details. Small tags lawhich were on display. belled Buenos Aires, Mexico City and Rio de Janeiro, and so on, were dis- This congregation plans to invite tributed, two or three being prepared other foreign groups to participate in for each city. When the name of the their church services in a similar city was called various players holdmanner. ing corresponding tags were called and asked to pin their tags on the Minion Study in Missouri. A map at the place they thought that city was located. Of course some of Presbyterian church in Mt. Washing- them were far afield, which caused ton, Missouri, has a membership of much merriment and enabled the 425. 'l'hrough interest resulting from leader to claim undivided attention a missionary circulating_ library a when the final map was prepared, church school of missions was proj- showing the correct location of the ected with weekly sessions on cities. Wednesday evenings. Dinner was served at the church by the six circles The Home Church and Its Students. of the Women's Auxiliary in turn with a charge of twenty-five cents for Court Street Methodist Church, adults and twenty cents for children. Lynchburg, Virginia, remembers its From fifty to seventy-five people usu- students in its plans and programH. ally came in time for dinner. Others During the Christmas holidays all of came later. On the opening night its college students were invited as 165 attended Mission Study Classes honor guests to the Wednesday eveand on the final night, 174. The at- ning tea which is a part of the regutendance never rail below 110. lar program for officers and teach- ers. There was a special guest table The general theme for study was with a Christmas tree, and a pres- China. Beginning with the children ent for each student guest. After there was a class with a half hour the Christmas story, the songs and period for handwork and another the talk, there was no doubt in the half hour for stories and pictures. minds of the students that their home church was counting on them. A scoutmaster conducted a class Monthly communications are sent by for Boy Scouts, while the missionary thiEl church to all of its college superintendent of the Sunday school students. led a class for girls in "Torchbearers in China" and ' ,Young China."

From forty to fifty adults studied

INTERNATIONAL REI.A'fIONSHTPS IN 'fRE MAKTNG DOLL MESSENGERS 01' mothers. The little girls-and older ones too-dress in their best, and not FRIENDSHIP only enjoy their own dolls but also visit and enjoy those of their neigh- World peace does not spring full- bors. A new doll may be added on grown from the tip of brandished this day and passed on to succeeding swords. Peace parleys are not a matter for government diplomats only. generations. Seventy-three years ago an Ameri- The Committee on World Friendship Among Children is proposing a can battleship was anchored in Yeddo project for promoting understanding Bay as Commodore Perry said to and- good will between America and Japan, "Let's be friends." Japan. There will be no booming of can- The children of America are in- non on March 3, 1927, when scores of vited: thousands of American dolls will speak the same message for America '8 1. To become acquainted with children to the children of Japan. "lEna Matsuri," Japan's 'Festival of Dolls, which is celebrated on the third It is proposed that the dolls be sent day of the third month of each year, by grollPS of children in public and to learn something of Japan's love private schools, Sunday-schools, for children and home life and to be- neighborhoods, and summer camps, gin to know Japan as she really is. or by individual children, families, and friends. 2. To send thousands of dolls to join the doll families of Japan and The dolls should be new American to serve as messengers and ambassa- dolls carefully dressed in every dedors of good will and friendship. tail, with extra dresses if possible. They should cost about $2.50 or $3.00. The Festival of Dolls is a gala day Upon reaching Japan the dolls will for all Japan. On that day each fam- be distributed by the Department of ily brings out of its ancestral treasure Education to the girls in the schools. house the dolls of mothers and grand-

BEST METHODS

If possible the presentation will be pIe of Japan in good will toward made on "Hina Matsuri," March 3, America. Each class, or individual, 1927. sending a doll, is to prepare a mes- sage of good will in about 150 or 200 'I'here are about 4,500,000 girls, six words to be sent with the doll. to fourteen years of age, in the public schools of Japan. It is hoped that The doll travelers must have tick- the children of the United States will ets and passports, properly vised. send to Japan not less than 200,000 Tickets cost ninety-nine cents with a passport fee of one cent. dolls. The first week in October is desig- Among the opportunities afforded by this plan are: nated as Doll Messenger Week, with posters displayed, and publicity given The forming of a Community Doll the plan throughout America. One Messenger Committee to plan for of the most important possibilities of local cooperation in making the projthis project lies in the opportunity of ect a success. educating thousands of American children and their parents in inter- A study of Japan in schools, Sunnational thinking and in good will day-schools, and other groups. toward Japan, and likewise the peo- The presentation of plays and pag- eants featuring Japan.

EXCHANGE DOLLS MAY MEAN AS :MUCH IN WORLD FRIENDSHcrP AS EXCHANGE PROFESSORS

'j'HE MIBSIOXARY HEVmW OJ·' '1'lcH; WOHLD

The circulation of books and leaf- A farewell or bon voyage party lets giving information about Japan. at which the dolls are guests of honor. A Japanese exhibit may be a feature The publication in local papers of of this party which holds abundant interesting and informing items. with educational possibility. photographs of children of America with their doll messengers. A broadcasting meeting on March 3, to "listen in" to messages from The presentation of stereopticon across the sea in impersonations. pictures of Japan, and the making of Japanese albums using picture sheets There are possibilities without and illustrations from magazines and limit in the plan." other sources. * Full information and instructions will be A study of routes, methods of given on application to the Committee on travel, in outlining the dolls' journey World Friendship AUJ(Ing Children, 289 Fourth and destination. Ave" New York. N. Y.

A SUGGESTED STANDARD OF CHURCH EFFICIENCY Each church should have: 1. A Beneficence Committee that is alive and doing things. 2. Definite missionary education in all departments of the church and Sunday-school at least once a month. 3. An annual, personal, every-member canvass that really reaches everybody. 4. Weekly offerings for missions in church and Sunday-school through the duplex envelopes. 5. A treasurer of beneficences that remits monthly. 6. Giving at least "as much for others as for ourselves" the goal. 7. Prayer for missions–constant, definite.

A REASONABLE STANDARD OF PERSONAL EFFICIENCY ]. A life of victory over sin by the power of the indwelling Christ.

Reb. 7: 25. 1 Cor. 10: 13.

2. The habit of trying to win others to Christ by personal testimony.

Acts 1 : 8. Dan. ]2: 3. '

3. Daily renewal of life through Bible study and prayer. Joshua 1: 8. 2 Tim. 3: 14-17.

4. Making the world-wide proclamation of salvation through Christ an object. of serious and permanent study. 2 Tim. 2: 15. John 4: 35.

5. Giving to God with system, proportion and sacrifice, with one- tenth of income as the lowest proportion. Lev. 27: 30. Mal. 3: 8-10.

Luke 14: 33.

6. To plan definitely to enlist other men in the missionary enterprise -endeavoring where possible to band them together in groups in the I support of a missionary. Matt. 28: 18-20.

7. Habitual prayer for more laborers for the ripe harvest fields, and a serious personal" effort to find them. Luke "10: 2.

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY AMY G. LEWIS, 150 FWfH AVENUE, NEW YORK WOMEN ORGANIZED FOR PEAVE more cultured. The world was drawn An address by Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt more closely together, men travelled at the annual meeting of the Federation of in every direction: the missionaries Woman'. Boards of Foreign Missions of went wherever there were people to :'>orth America at Atlantic City, January 10- hear and heed them; the business 11, 1926. man wherever there was a profit to be In looking over the questions which had, until the world seemed grown are to be asked and answered at this together and there were those who conference there is one question I dared to say that now, another great would like to answer. "Do the Chris. war would never come. .And then tian women of your community really in the midst of this confidence there desire the world organized for came the greatest war the world had peace 1" I answer "No," and the ever known and the most destructive.

reason is simple. I had a letter the When Julius Cresar dominated the other day from a man in the West known civilized world, history tells who said, "Out here nobody is in- us that he had only 300,000 men, and terested in the question of war and he commanded all the territory from peace. It is a question which every- the Thames to the Euphrates; and body dodges." Why should they not when Napoleon looked out upon his dodge it 1 There is no war in sight. neighboring nations with the desire Perhaps another may never come. of world power and gained it, he com- What is it to them? They don't manded almost all the known civil- think, they don't know how to want a ized world and he had about 400,000 world organized for peace. men. But when the great war came, Can the women of the churches do men were mobilized by the millions anything about it? Yes, they can and millions, and ten millions of convert everybody in their church to young men actually gave up their want a warless world, to understand lives on battlefields in that one war.

how to get it. We may have peace if Thirty-two nations were engaged in we will. it and when it was over in almost Now, why is this question before every land great men who were schol- us 1 Why is it at this moment so im· ars, who knew history, who knew perative? It is assuredly the great· science, who knew civilizations, these est question in the world. The sci- men said as they recited to them- entists for many, many years have selves the losses that had come as a been exploring old lands and I think result of that war, "We have nearly we must concede that they at least destroyed civilization." .And another have found that mankind has been war like this would utterly ruin it.

occupying this world for a great many What does it mean to us particu- thousands of years; nobody knows larly 1 It means this, that the races how long. They have discovered that and the nations that brought that wars were always common among all greatest of all wars, were Christian these primitive people, and they have nations. It was a conflict of Chris- found that races have been wiped out tian nations upon one side against of existence; nations have disap· Christian nations on the other. .And peared. to aid one side to destroy the civili- This was the history of the world zation of the other side men of less and time went on and man became developed races were brought to Eu- more civilized, more enlightened, rope to do their part. There were men 631

of all the religions and pretty nearly preaching in the remotest corners of all the races that came to serve the the globe, and I find that in the dif- Christians upon the two sides to de- ficulties now besetting China many a stroy each other, and when the war missionary has spoken strongly and was over this had its effect upon in most statesmanlike language the those races and nations that had facts concerning that diffi~ulty. It come to assist, and they are saying was the missionaries who have stirred things they did not think before. these people to want education, to Not long ago, in conversation with desire schools but having had schools a very eminent and distinguished In- and some education they have learned dian-he was a graduate of Cam- to read our history. They know it rather better than some of us, they bridge University-I asked him the know the story of the American revoquestion, "What. attitude do the lution and they ask, "Why is it pa- Christians take now in India toward triotism for the Americans to have rethe great war 1" He said, "They say that every great prophet has brought volted and a menace to the world truth into the world and that Christ when other nations would revolt?" brought the highest truth of any, and They throw up the words of the therefore Christianity is the greatest Magna Charta to the British and they of the religions." I pressed another throw up the words of the Declaraquestion, "What answer does India tion of Independence to the Amerigive?" and his reply was, rather hesi- cans. This is the reason why mistatingly, "India says that she finds sionaries and the Christian Church the Christians a very blood-spilling have an especial du1ly that never came to them before. people. " I am told that when that great What, then, can we do about it? The first thing that is to be done Christian Conference was held in is to understand that war may be Stockholm last summer, great men eliminated from the world. "Peace who were there were shocked not a is an adventure in faith. " The faith little when an Oriental arose and said, "We may regret war, but let it of the Church should be absolute. not be forgotten that all the most de- There are those who say, "Wars alstructive of the equipments of war, ways have been; they are therefore the submarine, the airplane and poi- inevitable, and they always must be." son gas and the new great cannons, Those who take the opposite view say and far-shooting, long-distance guns, that war is a barbarism which beare the contributions of Christian na~ longed to the past and the question tions. They were never in the world of today is, "Are we civilized enough until the Christians brought them." to make an end of it 1" I know the These are the things that they are human mind is slow in coming to con- clusions, very slow in changing its saying over on the other side. position. But it can be done and I Yesterday in a debate as to the would say to each and everyone of status of the Western and Eastern you as you go home, to resolve that civilizations and their relation to each in your own church you are going to other, one Oriental-I think he was a do whatever you can to convert every Syrian_asked a question-and he man and woman in it to the faith that asked it of an American, who did not war may be put out of the world.

answer it well. His question was, How can we prevent war 1 By sub- "Christianity claims that it has the highest and the purest principles to stituting something for it-arbitrabe found in the world, but tell me, tion – conciliation – when men sit in the intercourse of the Western na- around a table and talk things over tions WIth the East, have those prin- and finally come to a conclusion.

ciples ever been applJied?" I am sure everybody here has seen Now the missionaries have been somebody in a temper. You may even

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

have tried it yourself. Well, when a ental; the Orientals can understand person is angry he is crazy; he Him" what did he mean ¥ He was doesn't know what he says or what thinking of all the wars, of all the he does. And you know that any- profits, of all the big business, of all thing an angry man or woman says the ambitions; these were the things is pretty silly. Well, it is so with na- he had in mind.

tions. You put into the hands or that And now there is rising just a pos- angry man a gun and somebody is Ribility-one wonders what it may pretty sure to get killed. You feed a. mean-in the Gandhi movement in nation on lies and hatred and suspi- India, in that strange bloodless move- cion; give it plenty of navies, air- ment in China, in a similar mood that planes and armies and guns and all has eome at times in Syria, even in that and pretty sure it will be that it .the Philippines-can it be possible will rush into a war. that out of that same Orient where But disarmament that is coming is all the religions were born there will not quite enough. There is the League come an interpretation and an under- of Nations. '1'here is a court ready standing of Christianity which the to hear disputes and to render judg- West has never yet applied Y This is ment in certain matters. There is a question for us to consider. It seems the Hague tribunal. We have all the to me that the time has come when machinery, but it is your business every church should rise to a higher and mine to' demilitarize the minds of interpretation of its own faith, to a the world; to demilitarize them so rededication of its own principles, that they do not want to fight. When with a determination to stand for there is a difficulty they will find principle no matter what it costs, to some other way out of it. stand for the application of princi- I myself believe that a terrible ple in the dealing of our own nation challenge has been given to the Chris- with every other land.

tian Church. Christianity stands for And how shall we do it? Let us humility and modesty and gracious- not forget that today the women of ness and kindness and generosity, the world, of the Christian world and all those things, and yet while especially, are enfranchised. No the missionaries have been teaching longer are they without responsibil- these principles and have been living ity. In twenty-nine countries women up to them, the nations they repre- are voting and today they are the sent which are called Christian have rulers of things, whether they know not been dealing with the nations of it or not. And among the church other lands in this spirit and they women I am told many times there is don't now. great indifference. That vote can Let us not forget that with the same make this a warless world. How can treaty which gave the Chinese the we do it? By standing fast, one by right to become Christians, opium one, to these ideals in crises that wav went as a legal business, and China arise demanding of us national acthereafter disapproved of it and pro- tion.

tests even yet. So it is this problem, whether from the Orient there may The following prayer for America come from pagans dealing with is being offered each week in the Christian principles an answer to Madras Union Christian College, In- Christians dealing with pagan prin- dia, showing how eagerly ChrIstians ciples. When a Japanese who i!': a in the Far East are watching the Christian said, "If the Orient is ever Temperance Movement here. to be Christianized, it will be through the interpretation of Orientals and , , We beseech Thee to grant Thy strength to this nation in. its conflict with the evils not of the West; the West has never of strong drink, that the resolve which has understood Christ; He was an Ori- been nobly mad~ w.a:y ~ ClIQNy kept." EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, ]56 FIF'l'H AVENUE, NEW YORK LIVE ISSUES IN INDIAN AFFAIRS prepared to welcome the taking over By THOMAS C. MoFI!'m'T of the educational and health service 'for the Red Men by the states. Many From the report of the Comm.1ttee on Indian friends of the Indians will regard this Missions of the Home Missious Council and as inadvisable in view of the graft Council of Women for Home Missions, Dr. Moffett. Chairman.

Every year settles previously con- and the local indifference or injustice tested interests and brings into promi- which the white man has evidenced in nence new concerns of the Indians of the past and during the "Century of our country. The Bursum bill, in- Dishonor. "

volving the lands and titles of the In October, the Supreme Court of Pueblo dwellers and white settlers in the United States rendered a decision New Mexico, was to the front a short sustaining authority of the New York time ago. Now 'a government com- State courts to pass upon the prop- mission is working out an equitable erty rights of Indian citizens. For adjustment of conflicting claims and a long time the political status of In- in the course of five years probably dians of this state had been unde- final adjudication of these interests fined and a subject of much contro- will be attained. The agitation pre- versy, the claim being made that they vented a serious neglect and injury to were" free and independent nations the rights of the Pueblos, which the enjoying treaty obligations with the Bursum bill would have involved. Federal Government."

Citizenship for the Red Man has The closing of the Chemawa School long been a debated question, and the near Salem, Oregon, to any further signing in July, 1924, by President registration of Indian' children from Coolidge of the Act of Congress con- Alaska should be made a live issue ferring this status on all Indians born by a plea for the continuation of these within the United States, closed this bright and promising Alaskans in this contention. The bill provides protec- very excellent institution. Nearly tion for the property interests and one half of the enrollment is from wardship of members of primitive Alaska. The Tutuilla day school on tribes and individuals, while it re- the Uma reservation, near Pendleton, moves the great injustice of withhold- Oregon, has been closed because of a ing this right and privilege from these departmental ruling that there must native Americans. The use that the be an attendance of at least eight Red Men will make of this boon, and children. Due to a temporary con- their preparation for suffrage in- dition, the number was reduced thiR volve the problems of additional edu- year and the Washington authorities cation and their competency in ad- ordered it closed. The boarding ministering their own affairs. school for the same tribe, registering The relations of the Indians to the from ninety to one hundred pupils, states in which they live has attained was closed last year on the ground of new prominence within the last few economy, months. The SeClretary of the Inte- The constant complaints by In- rior, in his report submitted to Con- dians and by organizations, such as gress, has surprisingly advocated the Indian Defense Society, of bu- much larger responsibility of the reaucracy in the Federal Indian Serv- states instead of Federal control of ice have reached their height this Indian affairs; and appears to be year. A long list of neglects and 634 abuses charged against the Commis- vestigation aud experimentation resioner and Indian field service makes vealed. a formidable indictment. Many of those charges appear to be unwar- The progress in reaching the Inranted or extreme, and among the dians with the Gospel is of supreme 5,000 employees of this branch of the concern, and is the cause of both Government, there are many devoted, gratification and of serious reflection. unselfish and capable men and women At times the work seems to move very who deserve appreciation and highest slowly, even though whole tribes have praise rather than the censure and been led from primitive pagan condicondemnation whieh have been indis- tions into Christian faith within one criminately vented upon them. or two generations. The prayer, "Lord, increase our faith," is ever The physical ailment, which afflicts needed, for there are difficult features the Indians of all tribes, and which is of this task, which make zeal and exreceiving anew the systematic care of pectation lag behind opportunity and the Federal Bureau and its medical need. The total number of missionstaff, is trachoma, the dread eye dis- aries seems sufficient and the approease, involving granular lids, im- priations generous for Protestant paired sight and resultant blindness. service to Indians in the United The government and mission schools, States, and yet there are thousands of hospitals and field workers are en- the Indians without a knowledge of listed in a vigorous campaign to pre- the revealed truth. Recent advancevent and to cure this evil. Our ports ment made by the evangelical of entry have long been closed to im- churches shows no great awakenings migrants afflicted with trachoma, but or large accessions to membership. upon the native Americans there have In the large government boarding been comparatively no restrictions, schools the last few years have eviand the infection has been wide- denced decided improvement in spread. Dr. F. 1. Proctor, of Massa- Protestant service. District convenchusetts, has been rendering a most tions and campmeetings of the Invaluable and expert service without dians and their friends have been incharge to the Government or mission creasing with marked interest and an boards, in scientific and specialized interdenominational regional conferinvestigation and treatment of tra- ence in Oklahoma with cooperation choma in the Indian country. from our Councils is a forward move of this year. The drug evil, peyote and its attendant "mescal worship," afflicts The Committee has collated facts many tribes; and this cult, since hav- and figures regarding religious ining been incorporated as a church or struction in government boarding religious sect, continues its propa- schools. We record our gratification ganda of exploiting Indians who are that of the 49 government Indian ignorant of the injurious effects and schools reporting, 33 stated that the degradations attendant upon this religious leaders were receiving coophabit. Four states have forbidden the eration, encouragement, appreciation importation or .sale of peyote, a spe- and good will in their work, from the cies of cactus growing in Texas and 'Superintendent and principal. In Mexico seientifically designated anhy- several of these cases not only are the Ionium, and most of the churches, superintendent and principal cooper- Protestant and Roman Catholic, have ating, but they are enthusiastic in strongly condemned its use. Dr. the help which they give. Of the 16 Harvey W. Wiley, the eminent medi- other schools 11 fail to answer the cal and pure food expert, has renewed question and your Committee is takhis testimony as to its extremely dele- ing steps to secure an answer. Only terious effects which his scientific in- one school reported the superintend-

ent and principal as actively not co- A Prayer for Christian Unity operating. In the other cases, cooperation was partial or questionable or, o Master of the Galilean way, at least, not up to what it might be. In the light of these returns, your Forgive us for the vows we fail to keep, Committee feels very strongly that Forgive us that we so neglect Thy sheep, the government officers with whom So idly waste this shining harvest day! the religious workers come in contact, Forgive us for the stumbling blocks we lay should be heartily commended for the Along the paths by which wen seek Thee! fine spirit of cooperation which they have shown toward the religious pa:o- Sweep gramS in their respective institutions. From our small minds the strife that WORLD FRIENDSHIP mEALS FOR holds Thee cheap, BOYS AND GIRLS BI'cak Thou the BI'ead of Life to us, We Approved by the Admlnlstratlve Committee of pray! the }l'ederal Council. 1926. What matter that we cannot understand I. We believe that nations should obey The mystery of Love that is divine, God '8 laws of right. Nor pierce the veil1 Dear Lord, our faith increase, II. We believe that nations become truly To know that since our hands may reach Thy Hand Our lives are made alt-powerful through thine '1'0 heal a wounded world and bring it peace!

-Molly Anderson Haley.

great and honorable only by be· ing just and unselfish.

III. We 'believe that Christian nations INTERNATIONAL IDEALS OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST IN have special duties to other na' AMERICA tions. .

IV. We believe that Christian friendship can overcome bad feeling between Adopted by the Executive Committee of the Federal Council. December. 1921; the Quad- peoples and races. rennial Meeting of the Federal Council. DecPID- ber. 1924; and many of the denominations at V. We believe that Christians who love theIr annual assemblies In 1922. 1923. 1924.

their own country will work for goodwill between nations. I. We believe that nations no less than individuals are subject to God's VI. We believe that men and women, immutable moral laws.

boys and girls of all races and colors should be fair and just to one another. II. We believe that nations achieve true welfare, greatness and honor only VII. We believe that all nations should through just dealing and unselfish service. work together for world peace.

VIII. We believe that all nations should settle their disputes and quarrels III. We believe that nations that regard themselves as Christian have spe- in a W'orld Oourt of Justice or in cial international obligations.

other peaceful ways.

IX. We believe that aU nations should IV. We believe that the spirit of Chris- cut down their armies and navies tian brotherliness can remove every unjust barrier of trade, and should stop making war. color, creed and race.

X. We believe everyone should work to stop war and we promise to V. We believe that Ohristian patriot- do our part. ism demands the practice of goodwill between nations. Three blossoms in a happy garden grow. Have care, for this one, 10, VI. We belim;e that international poli- Is white as any snow: cies should secure equal justice Its name is Peace. for all, races.

Three flowers-and one, in hue, VII. We believe that all nations shoulr! A delio,ate goldj associate themselves permanently A harsh breath, then its golden for world peace and goodwill. L€aves shall droop and fold; VTII. We believe in international law, and Its name is Joy. in the universal use of interna- tional courts of justice and Three flowers-and one is crimson, boards of arbitration. Rioh and strong; "'his will, if well entreated, all lX. We believe in a sweeping reduction Others outlive long; of armaments by all nations.

Its name is Love. X. We believe in a warless world. and -Richard Watson Gilder. dedicate ourselves to its achieve- ment.

FROM.l1ANY

EUROPE measure of the National Church Assembly sanctioning practices and doctrines declared British Y. W. C. A. Conference by that settlement to be repugnant to the word of God would be a reversal of the reo T WO interesting ceremonies in con- ligious constitution of this realm, which con- nection with the biennial confer- stitution this meeting emphatically calls ence of the Y. W. C. A. of Great upon His Majesty's Parliament to maintain Britain, which was held in London intact. the end of June, were the special Sunday afternoon service in Westminster English Tax on GaDlbling Abbey and the reception of the delegates by the Lord Mayor and Lady THE prevalence of the gambling Mayoress in the Mansion House. Im- evil in Scotland was referred to in mediately following this conference the April REVlEW.. Christian leaders the World's· Committee of the Y. W. in England are now greatly concerned C. A. met in Oxford July 1st to 8th. over proposed legislation to place a Among the delegates from the tax on betting. The London Christian United States were the following: says: "The protracted campaign for Mrs. James S. Cushman, Mrs. John legalized gambling is apparently now II. Finley, Mrs. Robert L. Dickinson, within measurable distance of success. Mrs. Lewis H. Lapham, Mrs. Harold The argument is based, plausibly Hatch, Miss Katherine Lambert, Miss enough, upon the needs of the na- Mabel Cratty, Miss Sarah Lyon, Miss tional exchequer; but there can be Clara Reed, of Springfield Mass., little doubt that, at bottom, it is not Mrs. E. C. Carter, of Briarcliff, N. Y., the political economists, but the bet- Mrs. E. M. Townsend, of Oyster Bay, ting confraternity, who have been N. Y., and Mrs. Charles L. Jones, of most ·active in the campaign. Hold- Milwaukee, Wis. ing, as we do, that gambling is one of the most ruinous of modern vices, we English Prayer-Book Revision welcome the manifesto of protest is- sued by the Bishop of Lichfield, and ANNOUNCEMENT was made in signed by more than fifty Anglican the June REVIEW of the meeting a"nd Free Church leaders, both minto be held June 1st under the auspices isters and laymen." of the Evangelical Alliance in Albert Hall by Free Churchmen and Church The London Guardian renews its of England Evangelicals, to protest "appeal to the leaders of Christian against suggested changes in the thought in towns and villages through- Prayer Book as tending toward Ro- out the country to keep in the fore- ·manism in the English Church. It is ground of their teaching on the subreported that 8,000 people were pres- ject the moral effect that would be ent, and that after speeches by vari- produced by raising revenue for the ous leaders the meeting unanimously State from the taxation of gambling." adopted this resolution: Prague Students Buy Testa:ments Solemnly and on behalf of true religion IF ANY of those who have attempted throughout the whole country, this meeting religious work in Prague recently calls upon the archbishops now considering had been asked about the probable proposals for the Prayer Book revision to f saIe f N ew Testament s maintain the Protestant Reformed religion, success a 0 0 as by law established in this realm. Any among the students, "their answer,"

637

says the News Sheet of the World's in which Catholic, Protestant and Student C h r i s t ian Federation, Greek Orthodox Christians meet reg- "would have been at the best a smile ularly to do some "hard thinking" of kindly but certain disbelief." But together on Christian problems. one day on the terrace of the Studentsky Domov a table appeared dis- The Bible in French Schools playing Testaments in Czech and German for sale. No attendant was FRANCIS HACKETT, in an article evident, only a plate in which was to in the June Atlantic Monthly, be deposited the price of books taken, makes an interesting comment on and this placard: "How to Read the the differences between British and Bible" : F'rench civilization resulting from the part which the Bible has Do not try to find instruction in science. played in each. Press reports in- Do not stop at insignificant passages. dicate that France may be beginning Approach it without prejudice. to realize what she has lost by exclud- The Bible gives news about people who ing all Biblical instruction from pubdis!lOvered a new life; it is also an urge lic education. A recent government to discontent with oneself and with our regulation for schools of higher grade social order. states in substance: The result surprised even the Pupils must not be allowed to ignore the author of the plan. In the course of principal traditions of the great men of the three hours thirty-four Testaments people of Israel, nor the Books of the Bible were sold and the price for them de- -first, because these are part of the intelposited by the purchaser. Now a lec- lectual and moral patrimony of hnmanity, ture on "How to Read the Bible" is and second, because if ignorant of them we being advertised, and a second sale is cannot understand Protestantism nor Puriplanned to follow the lecture. tanism, nor art as it belongs to the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Russian Students in Paris "This, " comments the Christian Ad- T HROUGH the World's Student vocate, "is not going very far in the Christian Federation comes news direction of positive religious instrucof several groups of Russian students tion, but it is a hopeful sign. It is in Paris, among them a Bible-study especially noteworthy that Francecircle studying the Gospel of St. Mark, which some would call 'atheistic'- another, consisting of Belgrade peo- feels the need of the Bible in the pubple, former Prague students and some lic schools, at the very time when newcomers, studying the writings of American atheists, who include Volthe Holy Fathers, and the circle of the taire and other Frenchmen among Four Evangelists – quite a new de- their intellectual guides, are protestparture. This consists mostly of vol- ing against every proposal to make a unteer workers of the Student Move- place for religious education in school ment, now students of the Ecclesias- hours." tical Academy. Its purpose is to interest the Academy students in the Protestantism in Hungary work of the Movement and at the same time to be a training center for Move- MR. W. P. LIVINGSTONE, of the. ment workers. The group members United Free Church of Scotland, must pledge themselves to study the who recently returned from a visit to Orthodox liturgy and to master one central Europe, reports a remarkable of the three main foreign languages Protestant revival now under way in (English, French or German). In Hungary. According to Mr. Living- November a meeting took place with stone, there are now 1,500,000 memrepresentatives of the French Student bers of Protestant churches in what is Movement and of the Foyer Interna- still Hungary and 1,000,000 more in tional for women students, which re- the new states formed since the war sulted in the organization of a circle, out of parts of the old kingdom. At

1926J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Prague the Hussite Chureh has Mahmal escort and pilgrims usually doubled its membership in the last hold in the Hedjaz during the pilseven years, and Mr. Livingstone grimage. Tb.e band which accompanies spoke to one Protestant congregation the Mahmal will not be allowed to acof two thousand in a suburb where, company it to Mecca, and must stop at ten years ago, the membership was J eddah. The" Holy Carpet" will only fifty. Practically all of the members of the Protestant churches are have to be sent from J eddah to the Czechs. Kaaba in packages and without cere- German Women Teach Missions mony ; the Kiswa ceremony usually held on the occasion will be absolutely T HE women of Germany are mak- prohibited. The Wahabi Government lng their influence felt in all phases objects also to the Egyptian military of life. The improved conditions in escort entering the Hedjaz with arms, politics, in communal welfare, in all and it is proposed to deprive the force matters of public interest, are to a of its arms on its arrival at J eddah. very large extent due to the activity These objections are due to the Waof the women. One of the most inter- habi teachings which preclude the esting of the developments of recent holding of showy ceremonies in the months is the activity of the women sacred cities. teachers in, the public schools along missionary lines. The evangelical When Egypt Prayed for Britain teachers of religion are united in an organization which publishes its own THE last annual report of the periodical, a paper of high merit in Egypt General Mission speaks the articles it contains. The presi- in this striking fashion of our debt dent of the association is Oberi-n Mag- to take the Gospel back to Egypt; dalene von Tiling, who is prominent "Has it ever dawned upon us that in all forms of women '8 work and is when Britain was pagan, Egypt was a member of the Prussian Parliament. thinking of us, praying for us, plead- The January number of the periodi- ing with God for our salvation 1 At cal referred to contains four articles that time Alexandria was the 'Home on missionary questions. One teacher Prayer Base,' and Canterbury a miswrites; "Missions belong to the sion station in a dark heathen land. schools, for their own sake and for the This is what Gregory wrote to Eubosake of the children." gius, Bishop of Alexandria; AFRICA The English race, situated in the far cor- ner of the world has hitherto relllJlined in Egyptian Pilgritnage Checked unbelief, worshipping stocks and stones, but aided by your prayers, I made up my mind D[FFICULTIES between the Gov- (it was God who prompted me) to send a ernment of Egypt and King Hus- monk of my own monastery to them to sein, then ruler of the Hedjaz, made preach. _.. ,At Christmas last more than ten it impossible for Egyptian Moslems to thousand English people, we are informed, make the pilgrimage to Mecca in 1923 were baptized by our brother and fellowand 1924, and in 1925 the internal bishop. I tell you this that you may know strife in the Hedjaz had the same what your prayers are doing at the world's effect. This year some 12,000 Egyp- end." tians were planning to make the pilgrimage when the Ministry of the Grace VB. "Grandfather" Interior received a report from its representative in the Hedjaz, to the REPRESENTATIVES of the effect that the Wahabi Government, Church Missionary Society point under Ibn Saoud, objects to the tradi- out that paganism in many parts of tional ceremonies which the Egyptian Africa is doomed, but that the African is faced by the perils of materialism. His greatest need is an education dominated by Christian ideals and permeated with the spirit of Chris-

tianity. The Church Missionary Out- 1887, Mr. S. A. Bill being the pioneer. look for April states that at least He is still alive and has not returned thirty men and twenty women recruits for furlough since 1918. They have are needed immediately for the rap- been gathering a very gracious haridly developing C. M. S. missions in vest of souls, 2,785 being baptized last Africa. All these could be supported year. The outstanding feature of the by government grants or local funds work is the developing of the grace without any additional charge on the of giving. Years ago the secretary at Society's budget, beyond that for home became convinced that the methtraining. The urgency of the call od of supporting native workers from from Africa can hardly be overstated. the funds of the society was wrong For some years the Bishop and other and he pleaded with the missionaries experienced missionaries have warned that they insist on the support of their the Church at home that all was not pastors, evangelists and school teachwell in Uganda, and that the story ers coming from native gifts. Their which has been one of the glories of reply was that their converts were too missionary history might easily be- poor. But the secretary at home was come a tragedy. As some of the insistent that the subsidizing princi- Baganda have put it: "Grace has ple was wrong, and at last the miscome into the heart, but grandfather sionaries agreed to give it a trial. is still in the bones," and the result is The result has been remarkable, and often a condition such as grieved St. a surprise at first to the missionaries Paul in Corinth. themselves. Last year the native Christians in West Africa contributed An Arab Colporteur a.t Work about $65,000, while the total income of the Mission at home was a little REV. W. H. RAINEY, secretary of under .$53,000. the British and Foreign Bible Society fo1' North Africa, writes: "We Modern Inventions in Elat have longed for the day when Arab colporteurs would carry the Arabic T HE Halsey Memorial Press at Bible to Arabs. We have searched for Elat, West Africa, continues to be the right type of man but without a marvel to the natives: "The printsuccess. Then we fixed our hopes on ing office is continually visited by the Kabyle and Arab boys being edu- curious natives wondering what this cated in the French Evangelical Mis- is all for. Travelers have come from sion and the Methodist Episcopal great distances to see the marvels of schools. At last our patience is re- this strange workshop. The presswarded. The great experiment is be- feeder is an amazement, but the monoing made. A native Arab colporteur type is a still greater wonder. The is now visiting the Arab cafes in conversation of a group which one day Algiers, and offering the Scriptures to stood gazing at this typesetting was his countrymen. He has already been overheard by a missionary; one of instrumental in selling a considerable them remarked that he would like to number of copies. Then we hope that see the inside of the head of the man during the summer vacation, two that invented such a thing. His young Kabyle students will undergo neighbor maintained that it could not an apprenticeship in colportage work have been a man but a spirit which that will fit them for service later could do such wonders. But a third said, 'When people know God for on." years He gives them wisdom passing understanding.' It is believed, how- Surprising Gifts from Converts ever, that many of the women who visit the shop marvel more at seeing T HE Qua Iboe Mission, which has water brought forth from the wall by its headouarters in Belfast and its work in West Africa, undertook a mission in the swampy district extending south of the Niger delta in

1986J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

turning a knob. These women have teach in the Engli~h language in all their lives carried water from Syria. Property is free from taxes rivers and springs, and it is unbe- and school supplies free from cuslievable to them that such a necessity toms duties. No military service is could be obtained at so little labor. demanded from the students. A su- A 45-foot well just outside the build- perior councilor education has been ing, with a power pump attached, is formed to reorganize the secondary the secret of these astonishing water and higher instruction. The Presi- works." dent and two elected members of the faculty of the American University THE NEAR EAST oj' Beirut have been asked to sit on· The New Wo:man in Syria this council. No requirements have T HE "awakening of girls and been made with regard to the en- women in Beirut to public con- forced teaching of French. No obsciousness within the last few years" stacles have been raised with regard is described by Miss Frances Garside, to meetings, services, textbooks, conof the Y. W. C. A., who says: "More 1+ent of courses, or selection of and more girls are entering the Uni- teachers. Permission has been grantversity of Beirut, going in for phar- ed for all students to enter Syria for macy, medicine, bacteriology and study, regardless of the country from dentistry, with the full intention of which they may come."

entering these professions later. Yet, only eight years ago, the first young Palestinian Jews Hear Gospel A woman in Syria entered a business T the recent eighty-third annual meeting of the British S.ociety office, that of the American Mission. A year later the second Syrian girl for the Propagation of the Gospel ventured into business life, though it among the .Jews, Rev. Frank J. Exley was not for two years later that the described a service in the mission hall third was interested. Today, there is in Haifa, a center where the Jewish not a business office or importance population is increasing very rapidly.

which does not have its stenographers He said: "Jews are not being in- and clerks from among the young duced to enter our mission hall in women of Syria and. in several, young Haifa with any idea that the Gospel women are practically in charge and is to be toned down to suit their making good. These girls are, in the prejudice. The text on the wall is a main, living at home. The Moslem clear proclamation of our message.

girl is slower in coming out into the The service as a whole is in Hebrew.

new order of things." The addresses are earnest appeals to receive Jesus Christ as Saviour and The French Mandate in Beirut Master and Lord. The place is full PRESIDENT BAYARD DODGE of Jews-keen, alert, intellectual, lis- of the American University of tening with the utmost intenseness to Beirut in a recent statement on the the message, and ready enough to talk relationship of the University to the about it afterwards to those who have ]'rench Mandate says that members been speaking to them."

of the French High Commission in Syria and the Grand Lebanon have Medicine and the Bible in O:man shown extraordinary courtesy to the REV. G. D. VAN PEURSEM, of University and that no intimation of the Arabian Mission of the Reinterference with the work has been formed Church in America, writes of suggested. He continues: "The treaty an inland trip: "During our three- between Washington and Paris rati- weeks' stay in Sib it has been amply fied July 13, 1924, definitely gives demonstrated that the need for med- permission to American schools to ical attention is inexpressibly great.

5

The attendance at the morning clinics INDIA, SIAM AND MALAYSIA numbered about one hundred and A Tribute to Character fifty. Dr. Dame operated every afternoon and some days were given over WHEN Dr. S. K. Datta, of India, to surgery altogether. One half day on a recent visit to Australia, he performed nine major and nine was asked by a prominent citizen if, minor operations. 'fhe first week he after all the years of the work of the did an average of.seven operations a Christian missionaries, many highday. Many men sat in the courtyard caste and cultured Indians had acfor four days waiting their turn for cepted Christianity, he replied, "Very ·a much-needed operation. Some had few," but he admitted that, for the to return without relief because the past two or three generations, the doctor had no time. " While med- fathers had been saying to their sons: ical work naturally received the "Look at· these English officials and greater attention in Sib, we were able consider their lives-straightforward, to distribute many portions of the truthful, earnest, laboring to elevate New Testament. The people of Oman our nation and to organize and uplift are very polite, too polite to object to it to the high standard of their own.

one's reading the Bible in their pres- Then look at the missionaries, leading ence. I tried to sing the same hymn lives of great self-sacrifice without every day in the extemporized wards, so that the boys came and sang with any idea of personal advantage. Inme and quite a few of them learned deed, quite the reverse-and what the words and tune." for f '1'0 teach our people lofty ideals of life. They have something which Books as Tools in Baghdad we have not-some motive which our beliefs have failed to suggest. We REV. .JAMES CANTINE, D.D., paying tribute to the work of the want you to cultivate and live up to Ame'rican Christian Literature So- those ideals."

ciety for Moslems, describes what he calls" the evangelistic workshop" in Indian Preachers as Exorcists A Baghdad: "One end of the large RECENT evangelistic campaign conducted by the Methodist Episroom is filled in with book-shelves loaded with hundreds-thousands, if copal Mission in the Madras District you count tracts-of the publicatIons led to many baptisms. J. J. King- of the Nile Mission Press, printed ham writes in the Indian Witness: with aid from your society. On the "The converts are of twenty different walls are illumined gospel texts, ap- castes, a very reassuring fact when pealing and suggestive, from the same one reads some of the assertions of the source, while down the middle of the ignorant that Christianity reaches room are tables, holding the books and only the untouchables. Our congre- papers under discussion. On the g~tion in Vepery alone would utterly 'couches along the sides sit from six dIsprove such statements ….. On a to a dozen men, some reading, but village circuit near the city, the usually listening to someone reading Ptreacher has been called to many a book which is being commented up- homes as an exorcist, to drive out the on. An inquirer, who has been given demons who have taken possession of a book dealing with sO.me specific Hindu women. The aboriginal re- Christian truth, brings it back and ligion is demon-worship and Hindu- something is said that interests all ism proper is grafted into the ancient present and a general discussion fol- cults. The pastor goes to the house lows ….. Now and again one of the and talks with the people, who gen- Armenian or Syrian Christians wan- erally profess their faith that Jesus is ders in and receives an object lesson able to drive out the demon and state as to how the truth can be made at- that that is the reason why they have tractive to a Mohammedan." called on the minister for aid. He

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

then prays for the patient, and in a examination on the Bible stories short time there is complete relief, she taught them since our last visit, and on general truth; also finding out returns to her right mind and goes 'how they are' in every way-eheckabout her household duties. This has ing up oIl births, deaths, marriages, resulted in a number of conversions removals, baptisms, offerings, and and haptisms." many other things. While this is be- Hostility from Arya Samaj ing done in the Christian quarters, some of us are bringing the message CHRISTIAN workers at a rnela in of salvation to just as many souls as North India describe their ex- possible, over in the heathen village, per~ences with a representative of by day and night and sunrise services; this modern sect: "While he by the word of our testimony, by gospreached, yelled, drew and held the pels and tracts, picture cards and crowd we smiled and sold gospels. posters, and psalm books, sold or given But the more we sold the more angry he became. His abuse soon became away. "

more than other Hindus and a near- Buddhist's Son, a C. E. Leader T by Mohammedan shopkeeper could HE newly organized Christian Endeavor Society in Chiengmai, tolerate and only by our interference was he able to get away unmolested. Siam, is sponsored by a graduate of But he only. went to get a band and Bangkok Christian College. This several Arya preachers, who began young man's father, a staunch Budtheir preaching about fifty feet from dhist and the governor of a populous where we were. We could not have district, has from the first opposed asked for better help; because after the action of his eldest son in leaving having heard their messages, the peo- the religion which is announced by ple became more and more eager to His Majesty, the King, to be that of hear what our message was in return the Siamese. All the other members and to take Christian literature ….. of the family put every difficulty in It was not an unusual rnela day, but the way of his adherence to the Chriswhen evening had come the writer tian faith. While living with them had preached sixteen times and sold and in every other particular a loved nearly one hundred gospels, while the member of their circle, he gently but Indian preachers all had had their very firmly adheres to "the Jesus turns and several hundred gospels Way, " witnessing for his Master by had been sold and thousands of free a most consistent walk and conver- sation. He is zealous in seeking to tracts distributed." win young men to Christ, and is the Village Work in the Punjab most enthusiastic temperance leader THERE is no monotony about mis- in Chiengmai. sionary life in India, according to Mrs. M. M. McKelvey, of the United A Pathan Preacher F Presbyterian Mission in the Punjab. ROM the United Presbyterian Mis- sion in Lyallpur, North India, She writes of some of the methods used: "We always try to have a ,comes a report of some successful 'team,' as we go to each village; that special meetings. "The last night the is some of us go to the Christians, and preaching was by a converted Pathan, some to those without-who for the said to be a relative of the Amir of most part are to be found in the more Kabul. He was well taught in the pretentious part of the village. In Koran and other Mohammedan books.

common with the usual method in the He left for Bombay, that he might so-called Christian districts, we fol- lead in debates with Christians. But low a Bible course in the two hun- the more he studied his own books the dred villages where there are Chris- more he began to doubt that there was tians. Each visit to them means an in them a way of salvation. For some

time he prayed that he might be as- ers from Africa and India. " The sured of salvation, but not leave his doors to the student world are not own religion. Finally he was brought closed," agreed these student secreto know Jesus as the Saviour through taries, after sharing experiences of fellowship with a Hindu convert. He the past few months in an agitated is a fine-appearing man and a vig- and tense student world, "but the orous preacher. His message was personal qualifications of student seegiven the best of attention by a large retaries matter a hundredfold more audience. They had decorated the than before. Anyone of fine enough tent and the road leading to the court- personality and with a genius for yard. They also gave him a dinner. friend~hip can cross the barriers that The pastor feels that at last this com- stand even against organized Christimunity has been reached, and that there has been a real awakening." anity. "

Lingnan University Sia.Jllese Village Christians T T A VILLAGE to the south of HE NBW Chinese name of Can- ton Christian College was an- A Prae, Siam, the little group of nounced in the June REVIEW as Ling- Christians were asked to join in com- han University. The Associated Press munity spirit worship, which consists item so gave it, but the correct form of killing pigs and fowls and offering is Lingnan. Chung Wing Kong, the them to tbe spirits to ensure a good Associate President, stated before re- crop. After the offering is made to . turning to China after a visit to the spirits this meat is eaten with rice America, that Chinese had taken over and much liquor. When the Chris- the entire maintenance of the Agri- tian people refused, pressure was cultural Department of the Univer- brought on them through the local of- sity. The trustees have now voted to ficials who threatened to cut off the appeal to the public for a $2,500,000 water supply from their fields. This fund for maintaining and developing would mean starvation, but still tbey the college during the next five years.

refused and appealed for help to the The Chinese want the college and are missionary, who brought the matter doing all in their power to support it.

to the notice of the Governor of the A representative body of alumni and province. This evidently was effec- former students recently sent a letter tive. But while these threats were in to the board of trustees declaring their the air ten persons were received into loyalty to the institution and decry- the Church in this place and others ing present Bolshevik activities in are preparing for baptism. China. Three fourths of the expenses for the current year have come from CHINA Chinese courses. Lingnan Unlversity Leaders for Chinese Students is the only modern university in a dis- trict having a population half as large ACONFERENCE of student Y. M:. as that of the United States. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. secretaries, both Chinese and foreign, which met in Shanghai several months ago, voted Chinese Mission to Lepers O:'ITE of the results of the recent to invite Reverend David Cairns, of world tour of W. M. Danner, of Aberdeen, Scotland, to come to China the American ~lission to Lepers was this coming autumn for talks on Chris- the organization of a Chinese society tianity among the mission schools. The possibility orasking Bishop Temple along similar lines. Mr. Danner says and Maude Royden of England to of its officers: "Rev. T. C. Wu, the come later, for more general work, was General Secretary, is a Baptist minalso discussed, and the desire was ex- ister, in his early thirties, who has pressed that the international visitors studied at several American universiof the future should also include lead- ties, traveled widely, and held a

1926J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Shanghai pastorate successfully. It "Marks of the Lord Jesus" is in keeping with the spirit of the times in China that a Chinese Secre- AN INFURIATED MOB in Kweiltary should be employed, and it was :1 in, Kiangsi Province, is reported satisfaction as we left Shanghai to to have tattooed recently on the face know that the new Chinese lYIission to of a Chinese Christian the characters Lepers, the crystallization of the in- meaning" Foreign Slave. " The Lonterest that had been aroused among don Christian, which tells the story, the Chinese by our meetings and in- says: "Following upon a Socialistic terviews, was already organized and demonstration, an attack was made functioning under capable Chinese on a body of mission workers and conleadership. Dr. Fong Sec, Vice-Presi- verts; and one man, a scholar, who dent, is editor of the Commercial resented the indignities visited upon Press of Shanghai, and though, like Christians in general, was afterward -our own American Directors, busy singled out for still more violent treatwith many vocations and avocations, ment. As reported in the newspapers, he has given generously of his time amid hoots and jeers he was led to the to the Mission to Lepers. Mr Yinson city square, bound, and, as if to show Lee, the President, in addition to be- that only those who follow native suing of splendid Christian character, perstitions could be true Chinese, he has great executive gifts and is pos- was marked with the words' Foreign sessed of boundless energy and en- Slave!' And was it not grandly true thusiasm, steadied by sane and far- that, in faith and hope, the man susseeing judgment." tained relations that were foreign to the thought and feeling of his perse- Power of a Christian HOIne cutors-had he not a citizenship that was heavenly?" MRS. ROBERT F. FITCH, of Opium Smoking Incre…..ing . Hangchow, China, who, with her husband who is President of Hang- ACHURCH of England missionary chow College, was sent to China in at Mienchuh, Szechuan Province, 1898 by the Presbyterian Board, is quoted in the Church MisMnary writes of the influence of Christian Gleaner as follows: "Opium is hospitality: "Fine reads are being smoked far more than it ever was in opened now all through our province. the Manchu days, and this is due to One twenty miles long passes our col- the militarists. Farmers are forced lege, and we invited the manager and to plant a certain proportion of their the director, both non-Christia·ns, to a land in opium, ,and to pay taxes on dinner at our home. Our Chine~e the crop. All the 350 opium dens in dean asked the blessing and, Oriental- this city are run by soldiers. No one like, he made it a long one, remem- dare start one without· permission bering especially our guests. The of- from them, and this permission is obficial on my left said, 'Do you people tained by paying a large sum of pray to God for us?' 'Are we not money in addition to a regular tax. brothers?' I said softlv. He searched Under the Manchu regime a man my eyes for sincerity. ;nd then slowly was ashamed to confess that he nodded. We gave a dinner to twenty- smoked opium; now there is no five of the heads of missionary and shame. Dens are situated in almost government schools in Hangchow. It every city, and the sign is a dirty proved a most social affair and now curtain where the door should be. the headmasters all meet once a month Opium, too, is much cheaper than it at each other's homes to drink a social was, and life is so uncertain and so cup of tea and discuss school affairs. full of risk from the activities of rob- Dr. Fitch is the only foreigner pres- be.rs that all sorts of people are tak- ·ent. " ing to the habit of smoking."

JAPAN-KOREA and broadcasting, opera and dance, Religious Legislation in Japan are all creating new anxieties. "Is ACCORDING to a wirele'ls dis- our sympathy for Japan," says the patch to the New York Times, editor, "to be less becanse her youth June 1st, a Japanese Methodist is facing the same temptations as bishop, Kogoro Uzaki, charges that ours? The backward races of the Christianity is being discriminated earth may have remained such beagainst in a bill prepared by the De- cause of the indifference of the West, partment of Education to be intro- but Japan has changed because of its duced in the next Diet. The bill has active interference. Statesmen and a section devoted to Buddhism and diplomats, educationists and mer- Shintoism but none to Christianity, chants, have all contributed to the which is included in the "Kyodan," meaning other religious groups, in- change. Is the Church satisfied that cluding those of a questionable she has made an adequate contribu- tion ?"

nature. Bishop Uzaki points out that the Christians number only 250,000, Japanese Young Men'. Club but that their activities are far great- REV. J. H. LLOYD, Protestant er in proportion. Moreover, there are Episcopal missionary in Wakamore Christians in Korea than Bud- yama, Japan, writes of work which dhists or Spintoists, but the bill ap- has been opened in the town of Sakai plies there also. Little hope is held by Rev. M. Sakaguchi, rector at of changing the bill, as the commis- Marusu and Nogami. It began, he sion considering it is composed of says, with a young man who was eight Buddhists, three Shintoists, two formerly a motorman on the electric Christians and the rest laymen, but a road between Wakayama and Osaka, few of whom are Christians. The bill but who lost his right arm in an accigives the Minister of Education the dent. "He heard of our services at authority to prevent any religious Nogami and began attending them, teacher from continuing work or pro- became a catechumen and was later fessing his faith if the Minister recog- baptized and confirmed. He formed nizes their teaching "tends to violate a young men '8 club at Sakai and public peace and order." through him the members invited Mr.

Sakaguchi to come to Sakai once a Westernization of Japan week and teach them Christianity, AN article in the Chltrch Mission- which he has now been doing for over ary Outlook for March says that two ye/lrs . . . They invited me to closer contact with Europ8 and come once a month, and I have been America has brought about a funda- several times. There have been forty mental change in the life of the people cf Japan. The atmosphere of to sixty young men and a few old the citie<; is charged with the smoke fellows sprinkled in. A few years of numberless factories. High-speed ago you could not have dragged these electric lines connect the great centers of commerce with the ports, upon men out with a rope and tackle. Now which their prosperity so largely dc- they are falling over each other litpends. The streets are filled with erally to get the thing out of Christramcars and buses, taxis and motor- tianity of which they have heard and f()r which the human heart every- where yearns, a loving, saving God."

lorries, which are gradually ousting the jinricksha and hand-cart. The Japanese Newspaper Evangelism T popularity of European food has HE proved effectiveness of this missionary method is already facreated a demand for European drink, and flasks of non-matured miliar to readers of the REVIEW. When whiskey (Osaka Scotch) are sold Dr. Pieters prepared his pamphlet in freely on railway platforms. Cinema 1919, he reported that since the be-

NEWS FROM MANY DANDS

ginning of the work in 1912 inquiries lief work for the sufferers from the had been received, not only from all recent floods in Korea, writes; "At the towns, but from everyone of the one place, representatives of the 257 townships of Oita Province. Rev. Roman Church followed our workers H. Kuyper estimates from the latest from house to house audibly finding figures that the province' is covered fault with our plan of issuing a minonce in two years. He says; imum ration to every house that was in desperate need. They said: Here is an area o~ about 2,500 square miles, dotted over with small towns, smaller Look at us; we had a f-ew families hurt villagE's, tiny hamlE'ts and lonely dwellings by the flood, and we gave them each Yen 15, in secluded valleys, in which some 900,00,0 and made them comfortable. But the Jesus human beings spend their lives. The mis- Churcn people have given a little to everysionary problem is to cover this territory body, instead of saving it and giving to with the gospel message. The Eiseikan is their own members only, and what have they making its contribution to the solution of this tremendous problem by dropping the got~ gospel seed, every two years, on every nine square miles of this territory. And drop- "'What have they goU' They ping it, mind you, not at random, but where have the knowledge that hundreds of some person has evinced enough interest to people have been kept from starving; ask for it. . . . I like to think of our ad- that clothing and bedding and food vertisement in the daily papers as a light and sympathy have reached 750 famithat casts its beams into every nook and lies; that little children who cried corner of this province, giving men at least for food have been satisfied; that a chance to 'know Him whom to know is peor old bones have slept warm at eternal life. night; that the ' Jesus Doctrine' is known all up and down this river as Growth of Korean Sunday-Schools a teaching that means help for every- T HE attendance in the Sunday- one. " schools ma=ed and directed from Kwangju, Korea, has increased over "Called to be an Evangelist" two hund.red per cent a year for the past fourteen years, according to REV. W. F. BULL, of Kunsan, Rev_ M. L. Swinehart, Southern Korea, who has been in Korea for Presbyterian missionary, who states twenty-seven years, is described by an that, after fourteen years of experi- associate in the Southern Presbyterment and close observation, those in ian :Mission as being "preeminently charge believe the work of conduct- fitted for the work of evangelism." ing these outpost Sunday-schools to The writer continues: "He loves the be one of the most successful forms of Koreans and understands them. Durevangelistic work thus far attempted ing the ten-day Bible class for men in Korea. In one heathen village, in the K wangju field, we were exwhere Sunday-school work was begun tremely fortunate in having him with several years ago, there is now an or- us to conduct the evening evangelistic ganized church, with its own pastor, meetings, the early morning prayer and having about forty baptized meetings, besides teaching one period communicants. From the first serv- a day. These night meetings and ice, held out of doors with sixteen early morning meetings were atlittle boys and girls as an audience, tended by hundreds of people, not this work has developed until now only the men of the class but many there is a Sunday-school with twelve others, besides wemen and children, classes and an average attendance of and at night there were many unbeover two hundred. lievers present. The day class, too, by special request was held at a free Relief for Flood Victims period in the afternoon so that the entire school might have the privilege REV. E. W. KOONS, American of hearing him and not just one class. Presbyterian missionary in Seoul, Mr. Bull has almost a perfect knowlwho was in charge of considerable re- edge of the language of the Korean

people and a wonderful freedom in velopment. Hawaii is a unique center for the use of it." !he inve.stigation of. racial crossing, cultural mteraetlOn, and socral relationships. 'L'hese ISLANDS OF THE SEA various opportunities are not permanent. Some of the peoples are disappearing, othel'S Comity in the Philippines are being rapidly Westernized. If further a11(1 more systematic studies are to he made, T HE growth of interdenomina- too much time must not be lost. tional comity in missionary work has recently been well illustrated in The Foundation, through the Divi- the Philippines, where the American sion of Studies, has pledged funds for Presbyterian and Baptist Boards c('operation with the agencies which have readjusted their territory. Under will make these investigations, has an agreement made twenty-five years provided special trips for two profes- ago, these two missions have occupied sors from Sydney and Adelaide, and jointly the island of Panay. Some has sent representatives on study years ago there was also assigned to visits to Hawaii, New Zealand, and the Baptists the island of Samar, the Australia. third largest in the archipelago, which has a population of 379,000. Hawaiian Gifts for Missions Though it is far removed from the other Baptist stations, it is near the THIS is the twenty-fourth year of islands of Leyte and Luzon, both the work of the American Epis- Presbyterian fields. An arrangement satisfactory to the representatives of copal Church in the District of Honoboth missions has now been made, by lulu and the sixty-fourth year since which the Presbyterians have relin- the English Church began work in quished to the Baptists all the work the Hawaiian Islands. The former on Panay, and have taken over has at present four self-supporting Samar. "This," writes Rey. C. R. parishes, sixteen organized missions Hamilton, D.D., "is practically vir- and seven unorganized. Bishop La gin soil for the Gospel. Within a "J:lothe, during the past year, baptized very short time following the transfer twenty-six children and adults, and of our former Iloilo station force to confirmed 174. "Once again," said Tacloban, the missionaries inaugu- the Bishop, addressing his Convccarated evangelistic meetings in several tion, "I haye to congratulate the misof the Samar towns, and acceptance sionary district on having paid in full of their message was prompt, nearly its apportionment for missions. Every one hundred making definite decision parish and mission met its quota. This for Christ. Calls are coming for miil,- amounted to $9,000; $5,000 for the sionaries to come to other towns and general wcrk of the Church sent ·to doors are opening on all sides." New York, and $1,000 for disposition by our own District :;Vfissionarv Ra.cia.l ProblclBs in thc Pacific Board. This latter sum has been df THE Rockefeller Foundation has recently issued the following state- great assistance to us in helping out ment: the very inadequate stipends of the C'lergy and in the Iolani and the . The islands of the Pacific offer excep- Priory schools. It is a matter of tIonal advantages for investigating raei'll pride to me that Honolulu was one and social problems. The Polynesian people of only six dioceseR or districts that in Hawaii, Samoa, the Marquesas, the So- paid its total quota." ciety Islands, Ellice Islands, etc., will repay continued study. The Melanesians in the NORTH A·MERICA Admiralty Islands, Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Islands, New Hebrides, Fiji and Plans of Evanston Comm.ittee other islauds offer a wide and fruitfui field ~or investilf3tion. C'ertahl aboriginal groups ACONFERE0JOE dealing with the III Austraha represent one of the few ex- specific problem of church co, amples of people in an early stage of de- operation on the college and univer- sity campus has been called by the Continuation Committee of the Inter-

1!l26] NE.WS FROM MANY LANDS

denominational Student Conference bility in respect to the denominational proheld at Evanston, Ill., in December, gram as defined in the unified budget. 1925. The meetings will be held at the "Cniversity of Illinois, September 2. That the local chnrch put on a well Bth-9th. The attempt is being made prepared Every Memher Plan, which will to keep a fifty-fifty ratio between stu- secure the pledge necessary to insure pay- ·dents and student workers who at- ment of the qnota. tend the gathering. 3. That the money so pledged be punc· tually collected and forwarded on the basis of one twelfth of the year's qnota every month.

The Continuation Committee also The combined foreign budget of the 'announces a study conference entitled general and the women's societies "World Students and the Christian adopted for 1927 was $2,370,000, and Church, " to be composed of forty that for home missions, $1,422,500. leading foreign and forty representa- tive American students, together with Boy Scouts and the Church twenty non-student mission experts. They will meet September 10th-17th THAT the churches haVE; been somewhere in the vicinity of New York City to examine the foreign quick to see the values in the Boy program of the Church as it appears to students, and to assist the Church Scout movement is evidenced by the in its approach to the foreign students in the United States. This con- fact that more than fifty per cent of ference will differ from the method employed at Evanston, in that the the troops are conducted under the progressive minds of both youth and ~aturity will be joined in approach- auspices of the churches and, of the mg the problems which they face in common. The Student Volunteer 12,000 church troops in the United Movement and the Friendly Relations Committees of the Christian Associa- States, 10,000 are in Protestant tions are cooperating in the promotion work for this conference. The churches. Recently a committee of Executive Chairman is Tlfr. George Paik, a Korean and a graduate stu- representatives of the churches, under dent in Yale LTniversity. the chairmanship of Dr. Macfarland of the Federal CwoituhncoilffiocfiaClshuorfchtehs~ in cooperation Scou~ Movement, has been engaged in workmg out a plan whereby the scout prcgram and the religious education program of the churches may be brought into more vital relation to each other. The plan will provide a definite statement of minimum re- quirements for a standard church ATBaptist Missionary Finances troop with appropriate recognition by THE annual meeting of the the church. Parallel to the church Xorthern Baptist Convention in year progra~ there will be, month by month, speCIal features of seasonal Washington the Board of Missionary emphasis in the scout year. It is hoped that this closer relationship Cooperation reported that in five may enable a higher percentage of the boys of scout age to profit by the years the missionary gifts have de- scout prcgram and prove a most ef- fective means of training fBr Chrisclined from $11,2,90,642 to $5431 869 tian service through the church.

while the contributirns for' cu;rent expenses have risen frfiogmure$s16~7a5k2~29n3o to $25,627,771. The account of the many millions contrib- uted during the same five years for Armenian Church in Amerlca investment in church property. The Board urged that as the local churches As A result of the nation-wide surgrow missions be enabled to grow vey recently comple1 ed among with them, and presented the follow- the Armenians in the United States ing program: under the direction of Archbishop Tirayre, the Primate of the Armenian 1. That every local church be induced to Church in America, and his Central aceept a quota representing its responsi-

Committee, the members of that com- zens of Virginia. . . . '1'he Hampton munion and their American friends Board of Trustees at its annual meethave inaugurated a campaign for ing in April decided that in order to funds with which to rehabilitate the conform to the law it would be neces- Church and undertake some very nec- sary to conduct hereafter all gatheressary Americanization work. The ings for entertainment or instruction Armenian children are shown by the as private meetings, open only to survey to be in urgent need of reli- members of the school community and gious education and spiritual nur- to invited guests." ture. According to statistics some eighty per cent of the more than 100,- Czechs in Old New York Church 000 Armenians in this country are members. of their national Church, THE Madison Avenue Presbyterian 'which dates from 301 A. D. The Church, New York City, from the younger generation, however, has pastorate of which Rev. Henry Sloane grown away from its Old World cere- Coffin, D,D., has resigned to accept monials and somewhat lengthy serv- the presidency of Union 'rheological ices, mostly because they have had no Seminary, has long been extending its training whatever to understand or ministry to the neighboring colony of appreciate them. To remedy this 30,000 Bohemians. When Dr. Coffin situation, the Archbishop believes it is came to the church twenty years ago, necessary .to make a most vigorous he found that it was supporting a effort for the religious education of mission over on the East Side. Bethe growing boys and girls on the one fore long this mission was given up, hand, and on the other to have the not because the church wanted to Church, in a measure, adapt itself to abandon its work among the people the changed conditions of country of that neighborhood, but because it and times. preferred to have them come to the home church and mingle democrati- Race in Virginia Law cally with the Christian people of older American stock, many of whom WHAT Principal James E. Gregg, came from families socially promi- of Hampton Institute, describes nent in New York. This daring venas "a resurgence of race prejudice" ture of faith has more than justified resulted in the passage by the Gen- itself. Today of the 1,800 members eral Assembly of Virg'inia of a bill of the Bible school fully six hundred for the compulsory separation of are of Czech parentage. It is doubtthe races in all public gatherings. ful if any other church in the coun- "This," says The Southern 'Work- try reaches as many children of Czech man, "was evidently directed against parentage as the Madison Avenue Hampton Institute because of its con- Church. Furthermore, Czechs of the tinued observance of the custom of first and second generation are found seating all persons attending enter- in great numbers among the members tainments at the Institute without of the congregation and are made discrimination because of color. It very much at home in all the activwas introduced into the Assembly ities of the church. They are reprethrough the efforts of the Anglo- sented on the official boards. Saxon Clubs of Newport News and Hampton; and became the law with- Armenians on California Border out the Governor's signature after the adjournment of the session. It was REV. GEORGE F., KENNGOTT, opposed by several of the leading PH.D., Congregationalist home white newspapers of the State; by missionary leader with headquarters the Richmond Chamber of Commerce; in Southern California, writes in the by the State Interracial Committee; American Missionary of a littleand by other prominent white citi- known situation just beyond our southern border: "Under our immi-

NEWS FROM MANY IJANDS

gration law, with its quota system, teachers who could get a good salary only one hundred Armenians may be elsewhere. " admitted annually, though fifty thousand clamor for admission. Unable LATIN AMERICA to enter directly, thousands have gone to Mexico, believing that after Church and State in Mexico establishing residence and gaining Mexican citizenship in two years they THE editorial article in the April may then enter the United States. Rem:ew, entitled "The Secular . . . Though millions of money and Crusade in Mexico," showed that the thousands of men have been devoted regulations now being enforced by to the salvation of the Armenians we the Mexican Government are not diwill not admit them to America. rected against the evangelical mis- Christians for centuries, trained in sionaries, but that the latter are coour mission schools, physically fit, operating with the Government in mentally alert, spiritually discerning, evel'y way possible. The constituthey knock in vain at the doers of tional provision which requires all Christian America in order that they who perform any ministerial rite to may be with their families who have be of Mexican birth has been felt by comB hithel' before them. On the the representatives of the Protestant other hand, the Mexicans, largely il- Episcopal Church to work especial literate and ·unskilled, fairly swarm hardship for them. For instance, the across the invisible border." dean of the cathedral in Mexico City escaped banishment only by promiss. S. Missions in Canada ing not to officiate in any religious service. That denomination· requires T HE religious need existing in some that the rite of confirmation be per- sections of rural Canada was de- formed by a bishop, but nnder the scribed at the annual meeting of the present law Right Rev. Frank Creigh- ton cannot conduct such a ~ervice in s. P. G. in London by :Miss Eva Mexico. Press reports in June were to the effect that on July 15th much Hasell, who reported on the so-called stricter regulations would be promul- "Sunday-school Caravans." In one gated which would not only insist place only twelve out of forty grown that priests and ministers must be people had ever attended a Christian Mexicans by birth but would provide service before. She said: a fine of 500 pesos and fifteen days' imprisonment, followed by expulsion, "In the southern territory in the as a punishment for violation. Priests diocese of Calgary, where one of the who arouse the public to disobey the Archbishop's Western Canada Mis- laws by letter or by sermons will be sions was, there is now a large Mor- sentenced to one year in jail and mon temple, and in all the day schoolR fined. of that district they have their special teaching in the last half-hour of every Haitian Priest Converted day. In one district the Mormons had started a Sunday-school, and even the T HE recent conversion of a Voodoo Church of England mothers were priest in Haiti is described by Rev. sending their children to it because Mr. Wood, of the American Baptist they thought it was better to have Home Mission Society: "The man some Bible teaching than none. We had been visiting our little Sundayhave now seven caravans; we start school, and had learned by heart a the seventh this year in the diocese ef number of texts, one of which was, Kootenay. There are fourteen of us 'No man putting his hand to the at work; a great many of us who can plough and looking back is fit for the do so, payeur own expenses. Each Kingdom of Heaven.' A little later caravan cests £320. None of the he left the district, and became a workers are getting any salary at all, Voodoo priest, working all sorts of although many of them are trained

magic, consulting the spirits in lonely prehensive urban and rural hygiene places at night, and going from dis- and health programs. The program trict to district as a medicine man. for Rio de Janeiro carries a special But he could not forget the verse department of infantile hygiene, which he had learned. At last he was which includes the care of mothers taken sick, and during his sickness he and of children up to the age of six. had an extraordinary vision which Clinics are being opened gradually in was to him the clear call of God. different sections of the city. The in- When he came to himself, he told his stitute, using funds provided by the wife that God had caned him, and Board of Missions of the Southern that he had determined to follow. He Methodist Church, offered to provide immediately destroyed his three books a home for such a clinic. After the of magic, and threw away the money most careful investigation, the Govthat he had earned by them. He is ernment accepted the olfer, and the now visiting all the Voodoo centers work was begun on Christmas Day. around, telling the people his story of In an address made at the opening of the grace of God. the new clinic the doctor in charge, speaking as an official of the Govern- 4'Revolutionaries in Brazil" ment, expressed the pleasure of the Brazilian authorities in h-aving found T HIS is the title by which Freder- so satisfactory a basis for cooperative ick C. Glass, of the Evangelical effort with the evangelical mission Union of· South America, describes forces. " himself and his ccmpanions on a recent trip into the interior. He says GENERAL of the authorities in one town: "They examined all our baggage for bomb~, World Student Cooperation but found only Bibles! This so impressed one of the police authorities, T HE League of Nations brought tothat he at once purchased our very gether in :'Ilay representatives of best Bible, and furthermore invited seven international student organizaus to put up at his farm on the way." tions to discuss methods of cooperal'.fr. Glass continue~: "Our colpor- tion on subjects of common interest. teurs had twice visited these regions Many matters were dealt with in a some years ago, and I could see re- fine spirit of collaboration. Good suits of their work. In one remote work was done on the question of sefarmhouse I found a man, well ever curing special facilities for students seventy, who had been converted traveling into or through foreign through the reading of one of the countries. This will include the re- Bibles that they had sold. His sons duction to a minimum of passport and grandsons and their families and visa formalities and the obtainhad professed to follow his religion, ing of tariff reductions on railways. though they had not had anyone to The responsibility for gathering inexplain it to them." formation and for approaching gov- ernment and other authorities to ob- Health Problems in Brazil tain these advantages, was delegated to the International Confederation of I N RIO DE JANEIRO there is an Students. It is likely that before institutional missionary pIa n t, long their work will result in subknown as the People's Central Insti- stantial benefits to students who are tute, which is trying to put into effect traveling: The questions of foyers, the conception of a physical as well self-help, and student clubs, loans to as a spiritual ministry which was em- students, exchange of students, unemphasized at the Montevideo Confer- ployment among students, and a comence. "At the same time." says the mon international center, were all Christian Century, "the Government discussed, with a view to practical of Brazil established a national beard action being taken. of health which is working out com-

'0THE MISSIONAmr UBlRAR'l&0 I ~

0kAJ'" ~ 'LHKI """UV!' iriAi, … Uvu' QUO'"

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.- THE REVlEW.

Osman Pasha: A Drama of the New Tur- Prophet of Islam~Jesus of Naza- key. Wm. Jourdan Rapp. 145 pp. $1.25. New York. 1925. reth."

Many find it difficult to believe that Preaching this belief Osman Pasha the cruelty, intolerance and fanaticism that have characterized the Turk meets the same end as his Master at in the past can be undergoing changes that are transforming the the hands of fanatics. The book rewhole Near East. But to those who see the situation in Turkey with a veals an intimate observation of the well informed, unprejudiced mind, the vast struggle of the Moslem world new spirit at work in Turkey today to take its place in Western civilization brings a thrill. The struggle be- and should be thoughtfully read by tween the old conservatism, fatalism and the slavery of traditions and the all who believe that there is an an- swer to the profound uneasiness throughout the Moslem world today.

Turkey is conscious of her needs as never before in her history. What answer will the Christian world give her? J. w. E.

new nationalism that is waking from Modern Education in Korea. Horace H. a sleep of centuries deeply conscious Underwood. 8yo. 336 pp. $4.00. New of its mental and spiritual hunger is York. 1926.

strikingly brought out in this drama. This valuable monograph is the most It is written with an understand- thorough study of educational condi- ing of an awakened people, a sym- tions in Korea. '£he author was born pathy for their bewilderment and in Korea, the son of one of the great- discouragement and a belief in their est missionaries of the modern future progress. Church, the Rev. Horace Grant Un- Osman Pasha, a leader in the new derwood, D.D., LL.D., a pioneer mis- Brotherhood of Jesus, points the way sionary in Korea, the founder and to fuller life by his own death. His first President of the Chosen Chris- love for the daughter of American tian College in Seoul, an evangelist, missionaries breaks down the barrier an educator, an administrator, a of religion that stood between them Christian statesman. The author of and he becomes a follower of Jesus. this monograph, is Professor of Psy- The interpretation of the new spir- chology in the Chosen Christian Col- itual effort by many of the modern lege, Seoul, and has taken a high educated Turks gives to the book an stand as author of an English- absorbing interest. Jesus is pro- Korean Dictionary and a book on claimed a Moslem prophet and the "Every Day Korean." The present Gospels a holy book of Islam. There- volume indicates a painstaking ex- fore a man can be a disciple of Jesus amination of sources and an immense and remain within Islam. Enlight- amount of labor in collating and sys- ened Moslems can thus successfully tematizing materials. After a brief preach Jesus to Islam. Osman introduction on the country, its polit- Pasha's desire is to make Jesus a ieal history and the history of mis- vital foree in Islam. "The goal of sionary work, he presents a wide life is God. The path is love. And range of facts regarding education he who has best pointed the way is a under the old Korean Government, 653 the beginnings and development of six hours we have been traveling missionary education by all the re- through acknowledged Disciple ter- ligious agencies operating in Korea, ritory, as yet untouched by our peo- and the educational institutions and ple, and for which practically noth- policy inaugurated under the super- ing has been done by any evangelical vision of the Japanese Government force. On beyond lies Paraguay, an- General since 1910. The last section other five hundred miles of territory, graphically presents the educational for which we have peculiar responsi- opportunities in Korea. bility. Except in the larger towns While the volume is an intensive we have passed through, even the study of education in Korea and lim- formal and lifeless ministrations of its itself to that country, it involves decadent Romanism are denied the principles, methods and precedents people. "

which make it of wide interest to the And yet Dr. Corey is referring to South America's Mesopotamia, lying students of education in other lands. between the Uruguay and Parana Rivers, where the fertility of the soil Illustrations, <;harts, statistical tables, is probably unexcelled in any part of the world. While Southern Brazil, a bibliography, eleven appendices, Uruguay, Paraguay and Argentina are attracting the money and the and a careful index, make the abun- windmills and Fords of the United States, and immigrants from Gerdant materials readily available for many and other parts of Europe, spir- itual and social assistance from these reference. It is a fine thing to have Christian lands are most sparingly a young missionary do such a satis- factory piece of work. The reader does not wonder that it has won for the author the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from New York Univer- sity. A. J. B.

Among South American Friends. Stephen given, especially in the case of the J. Corey. mus. 182 Pl'. $1.25. Cincin. Continent's ten million pure-blooded nati. 1925. Indians. Yet the Disciples' field just The Vice-President of the United mentioned is that which in the seven- Christian Missionary Society gives us teenth century saw the memorable here his journal of a visit to South experiment of the Jesuits, resulting America last year, when he looked in an Indian imperium in imperio especially into the work of the Dis- ruled by the Church, but falling in ciples, and attended the Montevideo ruins in 1768 when their spiritual leaders were expelled. More to the Congress. As he circumnavigated point as suggesting Protestant possi- bilities is the remarkable work done the Continent, except for crossing it mainly by one man, Barbrooke Grubb from Buenos Aires to Valparaiso, he of the South American Missionary saw both coasts and had glimpses of Society, which is going on from the interior which are agreeably pictured for the reader. strength to strength.

The frontispiec, a church door at Cuzco with its Spanish inscription, Dr. Corey's book is of especial in- "Come unto Mary all ye that labor terest to the Disciples, but its travel and are heavy laden, and she will glimpses and its particularized regive you rest," is a summary of the ports of centers where his Church is Christian religion commonly seen in most active are samples of what Evan- the book on its Roman Catholic side. gelical Missions are doing for our sis- The Protestant aspects of Christian- ter continent. The independent ity are encouraging in certain cities Presbyterian Church in Brazil is the and in the spirit of comity and co- finest specimen of what is doing there, operation evident in those centers. but earnest Protestant workers are Yet how far short our churches are more and more uniting in the from doing what needs doing may be brotherly and Christlike attempt to seen in this quotation: "For fifty- purify religion and life and to extend the blessings of Evangelical Chris- primitive religion. In this study we tianity to all that great continent. have only the first volume of at least two in which Sir .Tames confines him- H. P. B. self to accounts of the worship of the Sky, the Earth and the Sun as de- The Beast, Modernism and the Evangelical scribed in ancient Latin, Greek and Faith. Francis Asa Wight. 311 pp. Indian literature and as seen among $2.00. Boston. 1926. travelers among the primitive peoples of today. No index is provided but The author of this book undertakes the twenty pages of Contents make one almost despair of ever getting a to deal with modern issues "of a mo- respectable knowledge of so encyclo- paedic a subject. Yet informing and mentous nature, involving the life of curious data here given fill the reader with a desire to know still more of both church and state" (i). ' Writing this central group of primitive man's major deities. not so much for the erudite as for the The three forms of worship are great body of believers, he seeks "to treated at the same time, though the race variations are separately treated show the stately steppings of our God as the worship is found among Ary- ans, Persians, Romans and Greeks, down through the ages" (iii) and to the ancient Babylonians, Assyrians and Egyptians and then among the give at least a general forecast of the civilized nations of the Far East, end- ing with the worship as seen among future. the backward races of India, Africa, The book, divided into five sections America and Indonesia. The sky is the most universal object of nature in (I. The Beast and the False Prophet. its varied phenomena, and hence is the starting point of this study of II. The Fundamentals of Our Faith. natural religion. The Vedic wor- shiper of remote antiquity and his III. The Bible VB. Modernism. IV. modern descendant in India look Prophecies and Their Fulfillment. upon all phenomena of nature as ani- mate and divine, though he empha- V. Our Lord's Return.), is somewhat sized the Sun especially. Hardly less devoted to nature deities are the lacking in unity. In passages of ex- untutored Africans who pray to the Earth. American Indians have pressive invective the author pays his specialized more on Earth worship, "the Great Grandmother of all." In respects to modern religious and poli- Indonesia it is the White Divinity dwelling in the Sun that is the object tical movements. The destructive of veneration, while the Black Divin- ity of the Moon is of secondary imtendency rather overbalances the con- portance.

structive. This volume contains scores of in- cidental references, such as the Extreme literalism characterizes Chagga myths of the Fall of Man, an African 'rower of Babel, many stories some interpretations of Scripture, of the origin of Death, Plato's com- bating the youthful scapegraces who For instance the "New Jerusalem" had apparently given up the habit of praying and doing obeisance to the (Rev. 21: 10) is taken to be literally a cube measuring 1,500 miles in each direetion (242). After a severe ar- raignment of the speculations of the International Bible Students' Asso- ciation, the author himself eomes perilously near " setting dates" in his treatment of the "Four Horse- men" of Revelation (pp. 267-9).

The section on "The Fundamentals of Our Faith" is the most valuable part of the book, though chapters xvi, xix, xx and xxiii deserve attention.

In general the author seems too anx- ious to defend the Scriptures, which, properly interpreted, are their own best defense. c. R. S.

The Worship of Nature. Sir James George Frazer, O. M., F. R. S., F. B. A. 672 pp. $4.00. New York. 1926.

When the author reduced his twelve tomes of "The Golden Bough" to a single volume, he did a great thing for busy readers of comparative rising and setting Sun and Moon, etc. written for children, but its text would hold the attention only of the The entire volume is full of interest- exceptional child. Its chief value wquld be to help leaders get up a ing proofs of man's desire to worship, meeting on Chinese Leaders, past, and present. even when he knew no higher object Opening with the story of two to deify than Sun, Earth and Sky. Chinese nobles, some three thousand years ago, who decided to let Lord In his second volume Sir James will Chang arbitrate their differences, the author draws sketch after sketch of complete his survey of the worship of Chinese characters – poets, philoso- phers, statesmen and generals who the Sun and deal with the personifi- helped China to become the great country of the Orient. cation and worship of other' aspects The striking face of Miss Pao Swen of nature, both animate and inani- Tseng as shown in one of the illustra- tions is perhaps the finest testimony mate. H. P. B. of all to the essential nobleness of Chinese character. Our Templed Hills. Ralph A. Felton. Illus. 12mo. 240 pp. $1.00. (60 cents, paper). One closes the book with the feel- New York. 1926. ing that its message lies not so mueh in what it says as in the thoughts it Dr. Felton knows and loves the arouses. With such a past record, rural church. He was formerly a China.'8 future must needs be great! worker in the Department of Church and Country Life of the Presbyterian The Ethics of Opium. Ellen N. LaMotte. Board, a compiler of rural surveys 12 mo. 2()4 pp. $1.75. New York. and now is extension Professor of 1924. Rural Socral Organization at the New York State College of Agriculture, The opium habit makes even Cornell University. His book is the greater slaves than alcohol, and saps general study volume put out by the morals, physical strength and se1£- Council of Women for Home Mis- control. There is even less reason to sions and the Missionary Education license its general sale than to permit Movement. Professor Felton de- the sale of intoxicants and yet many scribes the modern life in rural dis- governments permit the poppy to be tricts, the practical Christian pro- grown and opium manufactured and gram for these communities, the sold for the sake of revenue. Miss leadership required and the relation LaMotte discloses the distressing of the rural problem to national facts and discusses the ethics of the progress. This study is full of con- situation in all countries. crete facts and examples from life in various parts of America. It is rich Tales of Young Japan. People Who Lived in suggestion though many of the in Japan. 12 mo. 61 pp. Is. Church ideals will not appeal to all workers Missionary Society. London. 1925. or meet the need in all communities. There seems to be an over-emphasis Eleven missionaries tell, for young on the social at the expense of the people, these tales of kites, marbles, spiritual aims, plans and forces. parties, silk worms and silk making; These things for temporal w('lfare a journey up Fuji; school and home ought to be done, but the other things life; tea drinking; theatres and other for eternal welfare should not be left Japanese 'customs. Many facts, in- cidents and personal "contacts will undone. help young people of America and England to understand these interest- Chinese Heroes in Legend and History. ing people. William Munn. Introduction by Rev.

G. T. Saywell. 94 pp. Is, 6a. London.

1926.

This little volume might well be called "Sn!tP Shots of Chinese Heroes" as each sketch is so very brief. Its style suggests that it is