The Missionary Review of the World — November 1939

1939

The Wonderful Story of Pitcairn Island Harry A. Forbes China in the Present Crisis Views of Mission Boards, Chinese and Others Every Woman Enlisted for Christ Janie W. McGaughey The War and the Churches in Europe Adolf Keller The Outlook for the American Indian G. E. E. Lindquist, David Owl and Others The Christian Attitude to Hinduism J. F. Edwards 2S Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember KINDERGARTEN AT HOME which was begun by Mr. Bagby fifty-

eight years ago. October 27-29 – Annual Meeting of FaSCinating Play-Work For Your Child the Board of Home Missions of the Mrs. Luke W* . *Bi*ckel, widow of Congregational and C h r i s t ian Easily solves "WbaHo-do-Now" problems. Keeps Churches, to be held in the Second your child happily. profitably occnpied. Includes all Captain Bickel, formerly commander Congregational Church, Waterbury, materials and plans developed by child traininf experts of a Baptist mission boat in the Japan Conn., in conjunction with the meet- at world-famed Calvert Scbool. Cost is low. Praised Inland Sea, died last April. She ac- ing of the New En~lB;nd Region!11 by thousands-parents and educators. Write, companied her husband on his mis- Committee of the MIssIOns CouncIl. today for FREE booklet-"How You Can Edu- sionary voyages for twenty years. cate Your Child At Home." October 27-29 – National Council of Canon F. E*. H*ow*itt, after long Young Men's Christian Associa- DONALD WELLS GOODRICH, Headmaster, tions. Detroit, Mich. CALVERT SCHOOL, 1811 E. Tnlcany Rd•• Baltimore. Mt service in the Church of England in Canada, died in Hamilton, Ontario, on November 5-12 – International Pro- ing to return to Egypt as soon as August 25. He was best known as a phetic Conference un~er the .aus- sailing can be arranged, has been very effective Bible teacher at Chris- pices of the Moody BIble Institute elected secretary of the Egypt Mis- tian conferences. of Chicago, Mecca Temple, New sion. In this office he succeeds C. C. York. Adams, D.D., of Cairo. * * …

November 10-13-International Good- Rev. William* *Nor*man Cook, of Mrs. R. M. Mateer, M.D., an hon- will ·Congress. Hotel Schroeder, orably retired missionary from the Milwaukee, Wis. Knoxville, Tenn., has been elected Di- Shantung Mission of the Presbyterian rector of Young People's Work of the Church in the U. S. A., died in Tsing- November 14 – Federal Council of Southern Presbyterian Church, to suc- tao, China, September 12. Madge Churches, Committee on Religion ceed Dr. Wallace Alston. Mr. Cook Dickinson was born in Shiremans- and Health. has had a wide experience in Young town, Pa., April 4, 1860, was grad- People's Conferences. uated from Otterbein University, November 19 – Men and Missions Westerville, Ohio, in 1881, and from Sunday. The theme: "I am come Dr. E. C. S*obr*epe*na, of Manila, the Homeopathic Medical College in that they might have life." A man- Cleveland in 1886. Three years later ual containing material on this has resigned as Executive Secretary she went to China as a medical mis- theme will contain messages from of the Philippine Federation of Evan- sionary in Weihsien in the Shantung John R. Mott, Robert E. Speer and gelical Churches that he may devote Mission and after two years became other missionary statesmen. his time fully to the Union College of the wife of the Rev. Robert McCheyne Manila and to the United Church of Mateer, D.D. November 24-25 – Annual Meeting, Manila. Rev. Eusebio M. Manuel, United Stewardship Council. St. District Superintendent of the Pam- For many years Mrs. Mateer had Louis, Mo. panga-South Tarlac District of the charge of the training of Bible wom- Methodist Episcopal Church, has been en; she organized several schools and December 10 – Universal Bible Sun- appointed to fill Dr. Sobrepena's place. had the oversight of hundreds of day. He was formerly District Sunday country and city girls. Her knowl- School Secretary and headed the com- edge of medicine made her a great Personal Items mittee that revised the Pamangan help in training Chinese women as Bible. Several times he was dean of nurses and social workers. After she Horace Grant Underwood, the Institutes for Young People. was honorably retired in 1933 she made her home in Tsingtao, where she first third generation missionary to … … … spent her time teaching hygiene in the schools and translating books for enlist for work in Korea, sailed from The Rev. Gerould R. Goldner, an children and nurses. San Francisco, July 28. His father, evangelical missionary in Palestine who was captured by Bedouin tribes- … '" * Horace Underwood, went to the field men and held for ransom in July, was released on July 24 on payment of a Mrs. Abigail Townsend Luffe, betin 1912, 27 years after his own fa- ter known as "Sister Abigail," died part of the rans…om… de.m.. anded. on May 30. One of her most famous ther, Horace G. Underwood, had gone tracts, "Little Is Much When God Is (in 1885); now 27 years late~ the Andrew Gih, Chinese evangelist, in It," gives some of the remarkable expects to be in the United States this answers to prayer she experienced. third Horace Underwood has enhsted, fall, and is open for engagements to Mrs. Luffe was born in Devonshire, although the Presbyterian Board's de- speak. England, on June 9, 1859, the daugh- ter of John Townsend, an evangelist. cision to abandon educational work in Obituary Notes (Concluded on page 481.) Korea prevents him from undertaking Dr. William B. Bagby, pioneer and founder of Baptist work in Brazil, Witlo.theuse work under this Board. He has there- died recently. Dr. Bagby was espe- . 01 this Coawse•…,ery fore gone out under privB;te support, cially gifted in training and org::n- " Young People'. Society mall' I izing converts. The churches WhICh eonver",cL..ink) a 6t;bgol 10_ in the hope that a way Will open for he started grew and multiplied in a Bible TraWng:' ~. remarkable way, so that today in the continued servi.c.. e to t…he Koreans. Brazilian Southern Baptist Conven- 1939 Chrisl:ian Workers' Course tion there are over 600 churches with … more than 50,000 members. There A Scriptural Stud, Each Week-52 Lessons are five colleges, two theological sem- Sir Wilfred Grenfell, who has been inaries, two missionary training A practical, effective course in methods obliged to remain in the United States schools for women, a publishing house, of Christian work and soul·winning. for three years, because of illness, has a Baptist paper, and Home and Fornow returned to Labrador. He plans eign Mission Boar~s sending. missio~­ Send 1Sc: in stamps !O.r euoeiot iiiue. to spend some time inspecting the sta- aries to unevangehzed areas In BraZIl tions which he established along the and to Portugal. There are also nu- .RISTIAN. ~UBUCAIJOl4S.1tiG coast. Sir Wilfred's home is now in merous high schools, primary and in- Charlotte, Vermont. dustrial schools, and other institutions 1502 N. Third St., Harrisburg" Pa. and agencies conducted by the Bap- … * * tists of Brazil as a result of the work Rev. Donald F. Lomas has come from a pastorate in Ridgeview, West Virginia, to become assistant editor for Young People's publications of the Presbyterian Board of Christian Education.

* … * Rev. W. P. Gilmor, of Alexandria, Egypt, now in America for health reasons with Mrs. Gilmor and expect-

MISSIONARY "The September REVIEW is a re- relate the entire story of that in-

REVIEW OF THE WORLD markably able, informing and inter- vasion. esting, a valuable contribution to the DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor periodical literature of missions. Con- The unoccupied fields of the Moslem gratulations on this and preceding WorId may be made clearer if we vis- VOL. LXII Nov., 1939 No. 11 issues!" DR. ARTHUR J. BROWN, ualize these little known lands by means of some of their unusually PuTblhiicradtiaonnd aRnedilyBSutssi.,neHssarrOisfbfuicrge,- Pa. Secretary Emeritus, Presby- marked stamps. Editorial and Executive Office- terian Church Board of F.M. Many missionaries are working in 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. lands under the British flag. At the Entered as second-class matter at *** change of a sovereign, changes are Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under "I greatly enjoyed the October num- needed in the stamps of many colonial Act of March 3, 1879. ber. It is always worth reading, and possessions. Many beautiful designs 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. reading carefully." celebrated the Jubilee, the coronation Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. and other events. History is being Published monthly, except August. DR. JOHN TIMOTHY STONE, made and may be made impressive All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1939. Presbyterian Theological Sem- by use of this material. British agents – Marshall, Morgan and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, inary, Chicago. The mission field is the world. Mr. London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, and Mrs. Albert C. Norton are mak- 10 shillings a year. *** ing it their business to collect foreign stamps relating to stations and mis- MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- "Your magazine has been a great sionary agencies, arranging them for LISHING CO., INC. help to me in my source theme about a major exhibit. Duplicates are made BOARD OF DIRECTORS Mohammedanism. The articles on up into packets for distribution as that subject gave me much material prizes and sale to friends of missions, ROBERT E. SPEER, President for my subject." all proceeds being devoted to mission- A. L. WARNBHUIS, Vice-President ary work. Mission groups and classes WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer MISS ELIZABETH MAYO. may be fostered by the use of this DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary Framingham, Mass. sorted material. Boys and young peo- PAUL J. BRAIBTED ple may again be led to take new in- *** terest, give gifts and devote their SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT lives to the service of the Master. "I love your valuable magazine and Stamps should be sent flat by regular D. J. FANT post, or well wrapped by parcel post. read it regularly at the Public Li- Stamps should be in good condition, MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD preferably with the complete post WM. B. LIPPHARD brary." A. E. HOLT, mark, or carefully soaked off the en- velope; in the case of picture post ERIC M. NORTH Public Accountant, Council cards, with the cards intact. [Mr. SAMUEL M. ZWEMEa Bluffs, Iowa. and Mrs. Albert C. Norton of 5629 Thomas Avenue, Philadelphia, are Editorial Chat *** now engaged in raising up new wit- nesses for the Gospel after having Look for an important announce- Using Stamps to Promote Missions served in the mission fields of Asia.] ment in the December REVIEW. A meeting of the Directors and of the Boys will be thrilled by the stories Obituary Notes stockholders of the Missionary Re- of missionary heroes and their advenview Publishing Company was held ture. Most boys do not like to study. (Concluded from second cover.) on October 9 at which important ac- They like ships, airplanes, marbles, tion was taken in regard to the fu- match boxes and games; they like She assisted her father in his work ture of THE REVIEW. The time is not making things, and collecting stamps and continued her interest after her yet ripe for an announcement but it of strange lands. Many so-called marriage to John Luffe. Upon his may be expected in our next issue. "mission lands" issue special stamps death in 1901 she went to Buffalo, to commemorate some important event where !!he founded the EI Nathan *** or person. They are interesting and Home for aged and invalid women. It is not too early to send Christmas attractive. gifts to missionaries in foreign lands. *** They and their children will be away A friend in Salvador sent me an from American families and friends; airmail stamp with a picture of the Mrs. J. Davidson Frame, a memmany are in isolated places and have old Spanish church at Panchimalco. little to spend on Christmas gifts- The people of this ancient town have ber of the'Iran Mission of the Preseven if there were accessible shops. recently been awakened through the byterian Church, U. S. A., died in Books, games, toys, dressgoods and work of the Holy Spirit. Resht, Iran, September 11. Grace other gifts for personal or household Jennette Murray was born in Maryuse will bring real Christmas cheer Another stamp shows a map of ville, Missouri, November 17, 1885. and will be a token of loving thought. Nicaragua which nearly caused a After studying at Wheaton College Some gifts may also add to the mis- diplomatic break with the neighbor- and Chicago Teachers' College she sionaries' efficiency and help in the ing land of Honduras. went to Iran in 1912 to serve as a training of their children. Gifts of missionary under the Presbyterian money will also be appreciated. About Another map stamp is from Bolivia. Board of Foreign Missions; three six or eight weeks should be allowed The name "Chaco" printed over the years later she was married to Dr. for gifts to reach the interior of Asia, Paraguay border shows a reason for J. Davidson Frame who was also a Africa, or the South Sea Islands; at member of the Iran Mission. le.ast six weeks for India, Burma and the recent war between these coun- Siam; four or five weeks for Alaska, tries. **• China, Korea and Japan and a month or more for Latin American countries. A fine picture of Henry M. Stanley Bishop Chong 00 Kim, of the Now also is a good time to express adorns some of the Belgian Congo Methodist Episcopal Church in Korea, Christian sympathy for Jewish and stamps. Here is an illustration for died on September 17 in Seoul at the other exiles, for lepers and other suf- a story of the great explorer's search age of 55. He was elected bishop, the ferers and for the Chinese multitudes for David Livingstone. Africa's par- only. bishop of the Korean Church, by who are destitute and afflicted. Gifts tition affords many opportunities for the Methodist General Conference in may be sent through Mission Boards. new situations. 1938. Bishop Kim was born in Seoul and was graduated from the Pierson *** To follow the history of some lands Memorial Bible School and the Meth- Our friends will be interested in one must have stamps of two or more odist Seminary. some of the recent comments received nations and mystery overprints that from readers of the MISSIONARY RE- may involve interesting search.

VIEW: There are developments in China which we may follow through the sur- charged United States stamps from Shanghai, and through the French and Japanese overprints.

We greatly prize an Ethiopian air- mail stamp from Dr. Tom Lambie. It is surcharged with the red cross and was sent during the Italian in- vasion. There are stamps that could [481 ]

by G. P

PITCAIRN ISLAND SCHOOL AND CHILDREN – DESCENDANTS OF THE "MUTINEERS OF THE BOUNTY"

Photo by G. P. Lin41ey BOATS LANDlNGAT BOUNTY BAY, PITCAIRN ISLAND, PACIFIC OCEAN VIEWS OF PITCAIRN ISLAND TODAY (See page 487) REVIB ORLD VOLUME LXII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 11 NOVEMBER, 1939 Topics of the Times WHAT CAN CHRISTIANS DO? of a single shot. If He does not do so it must be that He has some good ultimate purpose. There The most discouraging thing about the crisis in may be some lessons that men must learn; even Europe and Asia is that most of us feel so help- men with good purposes may be depending too less to do anything about it. We are not presi- much on material weapons and may not be coopdents or statesmen or national leaders; we are erating with God.

not even important financiers or business execu- Second: Christians must realize that God is tives. We are humble citizens of the nation and love and that whatever is not motivated by unpresumably citizens of the Kingdom of Heaven. selfish love is not of God. True Christians will Last summer an international group of Chris- love even their enemies, though they may oppose tian leaders met in Switzerland to discuss the in- their enemies' purposes and acts. Christians will fluence of the Church in behalf of justice, peace be ready to forgive, as Christ forgave, and will and goodwill. seek their enemies' highest good, for "love is of Meeting under the shadow of impending war in God." Many Chinese are exhibiting this Chris- Europe, this group pronounced their convictions tian attitude toward the Japanese today. True as to the evil and futility of warfare as a means love is a sign of strength, of Godlikeness, and has of settling disputes. Might does not make right no element of fear or weakness. and the ability to fight and overcome an opponent is no proof of the justice of the victor's cause. Third: Christians will not only resist evil but War brings countless evils in its train~destruc- will work in a positive way to build up the forces tion of life and property, the release of hatred and of righteousness. They will relieve distress, as lust, the increase of poverty and suffering, the Christ relieved it, wherever possible. They.will disruption of civilized progress. And war does carry on the constructive work of education, so that the coming generation will know and love not settle disputes – the last world war offering God as He is revealed in Jesus Christ. They will convincing evidence. continue to promote the Kingdom of God and will There are four things that Christians can do earnestly seek to win men of all nations to faith in such disturbing conditions as we face today. in His Son Jesus Christ. This is being done in First: we can base all thought and action on China today, in the midst of great difficulties. faith in God and on the certain ultimate triumph Such a program will also mean more generous of His good purposes. It would be a simple thing and sacrificial support of missionary work at for Almighty God to use the material forces of home and abroad. nature and His still greater spiritual powers to Fourth: Christians will pray and will unite to defeat the evil purposes of men. An earthquake or fire could destroy a national capital, all the call others to pray-not that their own program fortifications of the frontiers, and every muni- and will may be done but that all who believe in God may be brought to see and accept His. will tions factory in any country, together with the and to obey it, whatever may be the cost. Chrismakers of unrighteous. war. This was proved tians cannot pray for victory to their own cause, more than once in the history of Israel. God could except as that may promote the wise and loving cause a panic to spread through an army and navy purposes of God. They cannot pray, first of all, and so bring about their defeat without the firing for the defeat of their enemies but they will pray [483 ]

for the defeat of the enemies of God and for the brought in over $600,000 in gate money. More expression and establishment of peace based on than twice as much is spent for intoxicants as for righteousness and in harmony with the love of church support and more is burned up in tobacco God as expressed in Jesus Christ. All this will than is given for religion and education together. naturally mean giving encouragement to every As one result crime costs us fifteen times as much one, in State, business and Church, who is work- as we give for Christian enterprises. ing for law and order; it will naturally lead to the support of the weak and ministry to those It is true that m.ost of this lavish expenditure is who are suffering. by those who have no real interest in Christ's pro- gram for the world-but not all of it. How many If this or any other crisis can arouse Christians of us are as careful about expenditures for pleasfrom a state of indifference and self-indulgence ures and luxuries as we are in our giving to G.od's and lead them to full surrender to the will of God work? Are not many Christian parents more and more complete harmony with the spirit and ready tD give their children money for a movie .or teachings of Christ as set forth in the New Tes- ice cream than for missions? Is not self-indultament, then even war and its attendant great gence more appealing to most of us than is sacrisuffering will be the means of blessing-it has at fice for the w.ork of Christ? The average church times proved such in the past. member gives $13.00 a year for all forms of Chris- tian activity sponsored by the churches. How MONEY AND MISSIONS TODAY much do we average for gifts for non-essentials?

These are difficult days for many Christian en- The difficulty seems to be threefold. First: terprises. Almost every missionary society re- the lack of a proper sense .of values; a failure to ports a deficiency of from $100,000 to $500,000. realize how the money entrusted to us can best The need is greater than ever-for new workers, be used for character building and to promote the for equipment, for relief of sufferers in war areas, things that abide, the things which are in the for the training and support of Christian workers sight of God of infinite and eternal value. Let us in mission lands. Germany and some other lands read again Christ's parables .of the talents and are not permitting money to be sent out of their the pounds. c.ountries, and as a result many missi.onaries are stranded and work is crippled materially. Twice Second: a lack .of vision and .of knowledge as as much money is spent in America for war ma- to where m.oney is most needed and where its use chinery as for religion, education and peace com- will bring the greatest blessing. In spite of w.orldbined. Great Britain is taking 370/0 of all income wide contacts thr.ough the newspaper and the for taxes to pay for war and self-defense. In radio, many of us are still pr.ovincial and self- North America taxes are increasing while in centered in our interests. A good dinner at home many lines business is declining. There is a seems more needful than food for starving Chiserious lack of money given for church support nese th.ough the same amount of money would and for evangelical work. Appeals increase but provide for them for a whole month. A new suit responses decrease. Even Christians seem to seems more needed for self than the expenditure think that, in view of present disturbed conditions of the same amount to provide clothes for a whole in Asia and Europe, the effort to proclaim the destitute and almost naked family of Christians Gospel of Christ throughout the world must be in some .other land. A Christmas celebrati.on in curtailed. America, to celebrate the c.oming of Christ into the world, l.o.oms larger than the same amount Do we not need to readjust our sense of values used for the support of His work in .obedience t.o and t.o reconsider our responsibilities? There is His command t.o carry the Gospel to the uttermost no lack of money-at least in America. The Na- part .of the earth. tional Committee for Religion and Welfare Recovery reports that our national income rose from Third: is there not great failure in Christians over forty billion dollars in 1932 to nearly sev- to practice stewardship, conscientiously and intelenty-two billion in 1937 – an increase of more ligently? Where this is done on a wide range, even by tithing-as among M.ormons and Sevenththan 79 %. During the same period gifts to Day Adventists – there is no lack of funds for mission work, and the givers are blessed with- a twenty-five large evangelical denominations, for supply for their own actual needs. If tithing all purposes, decreased from nearly $399,000,000 were adopted throughout the Christian Church, there would be no financial shortage for Christ's to about $315,000,000 a decrease of over 21 %. w.ork at home or abroad. But stewardship is more than tithing; it includes the prayerful and But at the same time there seems to be no lack c.onscientious use of all money, time and talents of money for the moving picture shows, for base- as trustees .of the manifold gifts of G.od. Many ball and football contests, and for cosmetics, alco- Christian stewards have given 25% .or 500/0 of holic drinks and tobacco and luxuries-many of them harmful. Two league baseball games

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

their income to the work of God; some have given people" in the sense that they are to be separated 9070, while they have lived on one tenth. from the world.

Do we not need today to re-examine our re- The fact that the Jews have persisted as a dissources and to readj ust them under the eye of tinct race for four thousand years-though scat- Christ Jesus, our Master, "who though He was tered, persecuted, often exiled and enslaved-this rich, for our sakes became poor that we through fact itself shows the wonderful power and stead- His poverty might become rich." fast purpose of God to fulfill His promise in them. The Arabs, the Nazis and others may rage and Money, like physical strength, physical beauty fight against God but they cannot defeat His or political power, may be a menace, to ourselves purposes. and others, if these resources are not used to carry out the loving purposes of Christ for individuals Dr. Conrad Hoffmann, Jr., Director of the Inand for the world. When money or self and per- ternational Committee on the Christian Approach sonal ambition become master they prove to be to the Jews, visited Germany last summer and hard task-masters, destructive of freedom and has written an illuminating but distressing pamhindering loving ministries. When men, or nations, become self-centered they lose their reason phlet on what he saw there. * He shows the really for existence and begin to die. Christians will agree that the resources of the world belong to remarkable material and political achievements of God, the Creator, and we know that there is the Nazi regime in the past eight years, but he enough money and manpower to carryon all the goes on to describe their antagonism to democratic work that God desires to have done in the world, governments, their hatred of the Semitic race and at home and abroad, in education, science and so- their attempt to eliminate from Nordic or Teucial progress, in national and international enter- tonic life and thought everything that is peculiar prises and in Christian missions. As has been to the worship and revelation of God as revealed said, the question is not how much of our money through Jesus Christ. With fiendish determinawe will give to God's work, but how much of God's tion the Nazi regime is seeking to exterminate the money, of which He has made us trustees, will we Jewish race and to eliminate all that is Semitic use for ourselves. or non-Aryan from Germany. Not only do pogroms seek to destroy Jews, to impoverish them ANTI-SEMITISM AND MISSIONS and deprive them of a means of livelihood, but unnameable horrors and tortures are perpetrated The Jews have never been popular with non- on them in concentration camps. Tales are told Semitic peoples. They were not popular in of German guards who have committed suicide Canaan in the days of Abraham, nor in Egypt in rather than carry out orders of torture against the days of Joseph, nor in Canaan in the days of unfortunate and helpless Hebrews. Joshua, nor in Persia in the days of Esther. They were not congenial to the Syrians or Assyrians, The immediate future is dark for the Jews of to the Babylonians, the Greeks or the Romans. Europe, but "God has not cast off His people." Since the coming of Jesus and their rejection of As Sir J. Haslam, member of the British Parlia- Him, most of the Jews have been scattered over ment, recently said in the House of Commons, the earth, generally despised and rejected by those "Palestine is the 'Promised Land.' It was promamong whom they have dwelt. Today the Jews ised by Almighty God to the Hebrews centuries are everywhere unpopular whether it be in Pales- ago and the fulfilment of His promises cannot be tine or Africa, in America or Italy, in Roumania frustrated." or Germany. Why is it? The Christian Gospel has never been popular The Jews as a race are not "good mixers." They with the Jews-never since Jesus came to earth were called out to be separated people, called to be to offer Himself as the Christ and Saviour and followers of Jehovah-God, and distinct from the as "God manifest in the flesh." Christian misidolatrous peoples among whom they dwelt. Espe- sions have never been popular since the days of cially since the Babylonian captivity they have the Apostle Paul. Since the days of Constantine been a "peculiar people," separate from other professing Christians have been largely responraces, misunderstood and often oppressed. Their sible for the antipathy of the Jews to Christianity. peculiarities and separation have fitted them espe- The "Good News," and ministry of love have not cially to be the custodians of God's message to been characteristic of those multitudes who call mankind but they have not made that message themselves by the name of Israel's Redeemer but popular. Even when Hebrews have become Chris- do not manifest His spirit and life of sacrificial tians they have continued to be "peculiar people"; service. Where Christian witnesses have done Christians also have been called to be a "peculiar this, Jews have shown a great readiness to listen and multitudes have accepted Jesus as their prom- • For private circulation, The International Missionary Council, 156 Fifth Ave., New York.

ised Messiah. Thousands of these converts are didly wrote home that he found himself among now ministers in Christian pUlpits. people "perhaps the most ignorant and wicked in the world." The present persecution of Jews – because of their race, rather than for their faith-in Ger- There are "heathen" aplenty in the U. S. A., many and Austria, in Roumania, Poland and but the Church from Pentecost down has never Italy, is proving a means of turning multitudes worked on the basis that you must have 100% of to the Christ whom their ancestors rejected. It is difficult to give adequate help to the suffering the people at home 100 % Christian before you go and exiled Jews of Europe and Palestine but Christians are earnestly attempting to give such around the corner to brighten things up there, help. bring the light of the Gospel too.

Jews are today more open to the Gospel than Why export Christianity? Well, first of all, if ever before. They are learning that there is a it isn't worth exporting, it isn't worth keeping at distinction between Jesus Christ as He is revealed home. If sewing machines, automobiles and other in the New Testament, and the view of Jesus pre- material conveniences are of great value at home, sented ,by those who are His followers in name that is why we export them to foreign lands. Shall but not in spirit. They are learning to know Him we American Christians say that our spiritual and they see that Nazis who persecute them per- riches are not worth sending abroad also? Does secute also other true followers of Christ. Jews the Marxist believe in exporting Communism? are therefore seeking comfort, refuge and Ask yourself whether you think he should be a strength in Him. "In Vienna, Bible study peri- keener missionary for his religion than you for ods and church services are crowded with anxious Christ. folk and, as a result of the terror behind and the unoertainty ahead, they have an overpowering Secondly, Christianity should be exported behunger for assurance of God." In Berlin also cause, unless we share it with others, we cannot many Bible study groups meet in private homes, keep it vital at home. Charity does begin at home, in spite of demoniac forces at work. In their but it soon degenerates into selfishness, if it ends despair "many are rediscovering God and His love at home. A glance at history will show that when as revealed in Jesus Christ." the Church had little or no interest in missions those periods were exactly when the fires of her Much more must be done by Christians for those spiritual life burned low. Conversely, whenever afflicted people – both materially and spiritually. the vivifying Spirit of God has stirred the Church, "Apart from Jesus Christ, there is no cure for its members have inevitably been moved to share anti-Semitism." The time will come when the with others their treasures in Christ. Further- Israelites will "look on Him whom they pierced." more, every sincere effort to pass on to others the Then they will turn to Him for life and will be- blessings of Christian discipleship has had the come missionaries of their Christ to others-even effect of quickening the spiritual life of those who to their enemies and His. thus sought to bear witness. The Divine paradox is true, "He that saveth his life shall lose it: but * SHALL WE STILL SEND MORE he that loseth his life for my sake shall save it." MISSIONARIES? We increase our faith by giving it away!

Why should we send American missionaries to A very familiar sight in the fields of China are the heathen of other lands? the shrines of the gods of the earth, to whom the farmer looks for a successful crop. Tsang's little "Are there not heathen enough at home?" some- god, however, is not concerned with the fortunes one is .apt to inquire. The obvious answer would of Li, whose rice fields adjoin his, and both Tsang seem to be, "More than enough! But why bring and Li can starve to death for all that Pao's god that up?" Were there not plenty of heathen left cares. How does this petty conception of deity in Syria and Jerusalem when St. Paul, braving differ in essence from the attitude of the Christian every hardship, carried the Gospel to imperial who seems to think that God is an American, or Rome? And were there not plenty of heathen an Aryan, and not particularly interested in His in Rome when St. Augustine and his fellow other children of other races? monks, following earlier missionaries to Britain, brought the faith of Christ to our uncouth If we say that the Christian religion is not worth ancestors at Canterbury? There certainly re- giving to the heathen, it is not worth keeping for mained plenty of heathen in England when the ourselves. Our whole attitude will change when Christian missionaries came to our forebears in Christ is really for us the Saviour of the world. the American colonies. One such missionary can- Then nothing can rob us of the determination to share with our brethren in every land the joy of * From "Vhy Export Christianity?" a brief guide issued by The companionship with God and man, within the supernatural and world-wide fellowship of His Forward Movement Commission of the Protestant Episcopal Church. Church.

Strange Story of Pitcairn Island*

Mutineers of UThe Bounty" and Their Descendants Today (See Frontispie~e) -'~!,; I====B=Y=H=A=R=R=Y=A=.=FO=R=B=E=S=,=M=.A=·===;;;;;;;;;;!JII.- I N THE latter half of t4e Eighteenth Century, Meanwhile, Bligh and his party, after many Great Britain and other countries, stirred by dangers and hardships, fortunately managed to Captain Cook's voyages of discovery, sent out reach Australian waters, and got back to England other expeditions, if possible to secure some of in Dutch vessels. Arrangements were at once the numerous island-groups that stud the Pacific made to send to Tahiti to arrest the mutineers Ocean. there. In March, 1791, therefore, H.M.S. Pan- In 1787, ten years after Cook's death, the Brit- dora, under Captain Edwards, arrived in Tahiti, ish Government equipped, with this object, a small and took away all the officers and crew left there vessel called The Bounty, with forty-five officers by Christian. These men were treated by Cap- and men, under Lieut. Bligh (who had served for tain Edwards (before their trial) as condemned four years with Captain Cook). Bligh was an felons; and on the voyage home were handcuffed able and experienced officer, and manacled, nearly starved; but was unfortunately very they were obliged to sleep on irritable and suspicious in Many are familiar with the story of bare boards, and otherwise character, harsh in his treat- the famous mutiny of the "Bounty" subjected to every indignity- ment of his men, and addicted which took place in 1789. In recent though some of them were years a new interest has been awakened to bad language. He thus be- through the publication of the highly innocent. In 1792 the priscame unpopular, with both the fictionized accounts of Nordorf and oners, having reached Engofficers and the crew; and it Hall dealing with this subject, and land, were court-martialed; is not surprising that the through the movies. These writers ta~e three of them were con- seeds of a mutiny were sown no cognizance of t~e Christian influ- demned and executed, the rest on the voyage to the Pacific. ences that molded the later life of the being exonerated and re- little colony of the mutineers' descend- leased. In April, 1789, in the neigh- ants on lonely Pitcairn's Island. The borhood of the Friendly Is- following account of the mutiny and *** lands, the mutiny came to a what followed appeared in The Chris- After 1e a v i n g Tahiti, head, and Bligh and some of tian and is an authoritative account of Fletcher Christian and his the officers and crew were the incident based upon the "Mutiny men, with the T a hit ian s, forced into a launch and sent of the Bounty," by Lady Belcher. The found Pitcairn, a small, isoadrift to shift for themselves article illustrates, in a remarkable way, lated, rocky, dangerous, and the power of the Word of God to mold as best they could. Fletcher and shape the life of a people. uninhabited island, where they Christian, the mate, and the settled, in 1790. The Bounty, leader of the mutiny, then after being cleared of every- took charge of The Bounty, and after some adven- thing that might be useful to the islanders, was tures reached Tahiti in the Society Islands, the burnt and sunk, lest she might betray the hiding- natives of which were quite friendly. Fearful of place to some passing vessel. Christian mapped being discovered by some British vessel, Chris- out the island in nine lots, each of the Englishmen tian would not remain there, but determined to having one lot. For three years they managed to sail off, and find some uninhabited island where get on together under the command of Christian, he could settle, and spend the remainder of his who had certainly some ability as a leader, and days in safe seclusion. Eight of the mutineers who maintained his authority and respect as long went with him, also a number of Tahitian natives as he lived. But among the outlaws (as they now -men, women and children. Those who pre- really were), there were some desperadoes who ferred to remain in Tahiti, some bad characters treated the Tahitians with injustice and inhu- being among them, raised feuds with the natives, manity. This led to reprisals and revenge, with and quarrels with each other, which led to out- fighting and murder. The Tahitians hatched a rage and murder. plot for the massacre of all the Englishmen on *** the island, which, however, was betrayed to the * Condensed from The Evan.aelical Ohristian. latter by the Tahitian wives they had married.

[487 ]

The racial war went on until several of the muti- Before the Bounty was sunk, everything that neers, including Christian himself (who was shot while cultivating his garden), and all the Tahitian might be of use was taken ashore and preserved. men were killed. Then the mutineers quarrelled with one another; and what between murder and Among the rest were a Bible and a Prayer Book, suicide, only two of the mutineers, Mr. Young and Mr. Smith, were left. Young died of asthma, and found in the kit of one of the seamen, which had Smith (who, to elude identification, took the name of John Adams), was, in 1800, the sole surviving been put there by his mother on bidding him mutineer on the island. goodbye. Perhaps there was some debate as to *** whether it was worth while to save this; but, as For twenty years these people were lost to civilization. No one knew where they were, or what there was probably no other reading matter on had become of them. Speculation at home, very active at first, died away. The French Revolution ttihaenishliamnsd~lft,hisitmaapypehaarvse, decided the point. Chriswars had been raging for several years, and Brit- used to study this Bible ain had neither time nor ships to spare for further search. At last, in 1808, the islanders were acci- until his death. It was then studied by Adams, dentally discovered by an American vessel; by which time an extraordinary transformation had and it doubtless led to his conversion; and was taken place in the little community. Adams, the sole survivor of the mutineers, was looked up to by him taught to the rest of the little community, as. "guide, philosopher and friend," and all his subjects-so to speak-were living in peace, har- with the very remarkable results which were seen mony and goodwill. There was no quarrelling nor disputing, no strong language nor angry words in their character and conduct, which were truly were heard in the island. Vice seemed to be unknown to the islanders, who were, one and al), apostolic. In fact, Pitcairn Island has been com- God-fearing, happy and innocent. pared to the Garden of Eden before the Fall, and The American captain, Folger, wrote home telling of his surprising discovery, and praising it seems to have come as near to that realization Smith for his "excellent moral and religious training of the little community." Curiosity was again as human nature is capable of. roused in England, and the newspapers teemed with the story. But Britain's hands were still The evidence of this is taken, not from anything tied by war and the menace of Napoleon, and no further steps were taken to communicate with the islanders themselves have said or written, nor the little colony. At length, in 1812 (and once more by accident), Pitcairn was rediscovered by from any second-hand information; nor is it contwo British frigates, under Captain Staines and Captain Pipon. Two young men who approached fined to a few years. It is taken from the accounts in a canoe were welcomed on board by Captain Staines, who was much struck by their modest given by a succession of different naval officers and respectful manners. The elder youth was twenty-four, the son of Fletcher Christian by his (including a Lord High Admiral), who visited the Tahitian wife. His companion was eighteen. Refreshments were prepared for the boys by the cap- island through a period of over forty years; whose tain in his own cabin, but "before sitting down they folded their hands and repeated the usual testimony as to the character of the islanders is, short grace; and at the conclusion, another; which, they said, had been taught them by. their from first to last, unanimous. revered pastor, John Adams. Strange to WItness the simple, earnest piety of these young Chris- Captain Pipon asked Adams if he would like to tians, living so far from all civilized lands, and in the vicinity of islands whose people were sunk return to England, and was "greatly surprised" in heathen barbarism, and some of them addicted to cannibalism." to hear him reply that he would; for Adams knew *** perfectly well that, having favored the mutiny, and followed Christian, he would certainly be court-martialed; and that sentence of death could be the only verdict. Pipon then offered him a free passage for himself, and his wife and family, which he certainly would have accepted, were it not for the consternation, the lamentations, and the tears, not only of his wife and family, but of the whole community, when they heard of the proposal to deprive them of their beloved "pas- tor" and leader, now a man of God. "I never,"

wrote Captain Pipon, "witnessed a scene so truly affecting. To have taken him from the circle of such friends, would ill become a feeling heart; would indeed, have been an outrage on humanity."

As to the islanders-"far beyond their personal grace, was their modesty and 'gentle behavior.

Each person considered that whatever he pos- sessed was for the general good, so that there was no difficulty in settling disputes; and if hasty words were ever uttered, the offender was only too ready to make ample amends."

*** Twelve years later (in 1825), Captain Beechy, commanding H.M.S. Blossom, touched at the island; "and his residence of three weeks con- firmed the statements of the former visitors. . . .

THE STRANGE STORY OF PITCAIRN ISLAND

Sunday was observed with remarkable strictness, In 1851 Pitcairn was visited by Admiral Moand there were altogether five services in the day. resby, Commander-in-Chief of the Pacific Station. All preparations for meals were made the day be- This was the first time an officer of such high rank fore." Adams spent a few days on board the had come to the island, and there was therefore Blossom, "and (writes the Captain) the old man great excitement. The Admiral's son and secrenever failed to rise early to perform his devotions tary, Mr. Fortescue Moresby, in a letter home, in some retired corner, and the same when re- thus describes the visit: "Never were seen so tiring to rest at night." many happy, smiling faces, eager to look at the first admiral that had ever visited their happy Adams died in 1829, aged sixty-five, loved, re- island; but not one tried to push his way or make vered, and lamented by all his flock, "having suc- any attempt to get before another. . . . There is ceeded in establishing what has been the dream not one of the girls in whose face good humor, of poets and the aspiration of philosophers." His virtue, and amiability does not beam. It was now place was taken by George N obbs, a godly man, (Sunday) church-time. Mr. Nobbs officiated, and who, having visited the island in 1828 and seen the most solemn attention was paid by all. They the lovable little community, begged to be allowed sang two hymns in magnificent style, and really to remain and help Adams in his pastoral and I never heard any church singing in any part of scholastic work. He proved a most excellent the world, that could equal it, except at cathedrals. successor. (They had been taught by a skilled musician, who But there is no Eden without a serpent; and in THE GRAVE OF FLETCHER CH,RISTIAN-ON THE HILLSIDE 1832, one, Joshua Hill, arrived, and completely ABOVE THE HOUSES hoodwinked the simple-minded community by assuring them that he came by order of the British had been accidentally left for a while on the island Government to take over the management of the by a visiting vessel.) The evening service was island and act for the benefit of its people. He conducted by Mr. Holman, the admiral's chaplain. turned out to be a scheming imposter, and for a . . . That evening I took a walk with them up the time, by means of promises, bribes and threats, mountains. We conversed on the sermons and he was able to make himself complete dictator- other subjects, and I was quite astounded at their framing laws, building a prison, acting as judge, intelligence and the answers they gave. . . . One jury and jailer, and expelling from the island of the girls is very clever, and can repeat a good Nobbs and others who questioned his bona fides. deal of Milton. All the time the stream of fun It was not until 1838, some letters from the and laughter was uninterrupted, but their deislanders having reached the authorities at home, meanor is so virtuous, modest and natural, while that this insolent dissembler was unmasked and they show so much affection, that I could not help deported to Valparaiso, after which he is heard of feeling quite a love towards them all; and I feel no more. Delivered from this scourge and terror, convinced that the most hard-hearted villain and the islanders recalled Nobbs and the other exiles, the greatest reprobate must loathe himself and and gave them an enthusiastic reception; and detest his own sins, in contemplating the high then settled down again to the simple and happy moral standard to which these simple islanders life which had been so rudely interrupted. have attained. The delight and pleasure our com- pany seemed to give them could hardly be be- Passing vessels found them strictly honest in lieved." their barterings, never adding to the price in seasons of privation or scarcity. "The respect which *** those rough merchant men and whalers felt for the Pitcairners was such, that one sailor declared that 'if any insult were to be offered to any of them, and especially to the women, a man would not live long.' "

In 1849 we have Captain Wood of H.M.S. Pandora confirming the accounts given by the previous visitors: "I cannot but add my testimony to those who have gone before me as to the excellent moral and religious character of these people. Evil and crime seem unknown among them. . . . All of them have the most engaging expression of countenance I ever saw. . . . The most charming modesty characterizes all their actions. I felt more regret in parting with the Pitcairn Islanders than I had in parting with anyone since leaving England."

The departure of the visitors is thus described: aged ten, who followed him after three weeks, is "On our last day, when 2 p. m. came, the scene told by Lady Belcher, who also records their last was too affecting. Never in my life have I seen words: "My earnest desire is to depart and be anything to equal it. The whole of the kind, affec- with Christ," and – "Lord Jesus, receive my tionate people crying, the girls clinging round us, spirit."

begging us to come back again soon. One big, Further – though foreign missions to the stout fellow came and said: 'God bless you, Sir,' heathen were then in their infancy (at least in and he kissed me. I could not have believed that Polynesia) two of the Islanders were martyred a few days would have made me feel such an affec- on a missionary voyage with their Bishop, to the tion for any single person, much less for a great savages of the neighboring islands.

number, as I did for them. But so it is; their *** honest, pure, virtuous character produced an im- The secular press rarely pays any attention to moral, let alone spiritual virtues. It is therefore all the more significant that we can point to the Argus, a New South Wales newspaper (of Syd- ney) , for corroboration of the foregoing character of the Pitcairners. "Recent visitors declare that drunkenness, the use of bad language, and sim- ilar vices, are absolutely unknown among the Pit- cairn people. The excellence of their lives, and the harmony in which they dwell together, has surprised everyone that has touched at the island, and we have met rough sea captains and hard- headed merchants from California-most unlikely people in fact-who declared the Utopian condi- PhOto by G. P. LAndZe!! tion of the island to have been such that they fell quite in love with virtue while they stayed there, MRS. ADA CHRISTIAN AND HER GRANDDAUGHTER IN COOK HOUSE ON PITCAIRN r.SLAND and felt strongly tempted to throw money to the pression that can never be effaced. . . . The part- dogs, and to remain and become good among the ing with the men was worse almost than with the descendants of the 'Bounty' mutineers." (Date girls; to see big, stout fellows crying, and hardly not given.) able to look up, was too much. All the officers In this year (1856), Mr. Augustus Robinson, were deeply affected, and I saw some of the men "a gentleman held in the highest esteem," after nearest me, old, hardy seamen, and big marines, two months' residence in Pitcairn, wrote to a not only wipe away a tear, but regularly crying. friend, "I can easily imagine that they must have . . . As the image of the Saviour is found in their been superlatively happy on Pitcairn. Their mod- hearts in this world, so we may earnestly hope esty of demeanor, urbanity of manner, affection- that they will belong peculiarly to Him in the ate disposition, and personal appearance, have next. No profligate has ever been known to prac- won for them the esteem and admiration of all tice his vicious courses in this island." who have visited them. I never witnessed any- *** thing approaching to ill-feeling or anger among them; and the passage of Scripture, inculcated In 1852, Mr. Nobbs came to England, and was into their minds by old John Adams, 'never to ordained chaplain of Pitcairn Island, and was allow the sun to go down upon their wrath,' has granted a stipend of £50 a year. Before return- become so completely a part of their duty, that I ing he was presented to Queen Victoria, who gave was informed by Mr. Nobbs, they might often be him a portrait of herself. seen in the evening issuing from one another's houses to make up any recrimination that had While absent, his place had been taken by the taken place during the day." chaplain of the fleet, who, writing to the Admiral about the Pitcairners, said, "I have seen no in- One is not so ignorant of human nature as to stance whatever of disagreement or ill-temper, imagine or imply that these people were perfect. but on the contrary, everything is done in peace Of course they had their faults and failings, their and good-will." This, it will be noted, was said disputes and quarrels; but they were not inocuforty years after the testimony of Captain Staines lated with the virus of European and American (1812) . "civilization."

Evidence of the spiritual as well as the moral No, the Pitcairn people were not perfect; yet character of the Islanders, is equally cogent. The the only charge of that kind brought among them touching death of Mr. Nobbs's son, and of a boy . was brought by themselves. "We have all our

PITCAIRN ISLAND AS IT IS TODAY

weak points in common with the rest of man- were transferred to Norfolk Island, lying about kind"; wrote Dorcas Young in a letter to the 300 miles east of Australia. This transference Admiral. "The fruit of Adam's Fall is here vis- was a very bitter pill, as all of the Islanders had ible, too. Natural inborn sin is here, as well as in been born on Pitcairn, and all their lost loved ones other parts of this wide world. Believe me, my lay buried there. dear Admiral, when I tell you that we are all alive to our faults; and we know that we are far For a long time there was little or no change in short of what we ought to be. We know, too, that the moral character of the people. "Fifteen years we must be strengthened and renewed day by day have elapsed," writes Lady Belcher, in 1870, "since with more light and wisdom from on high, or else the removal from Pitcairn, and the Colonists have, we must be and are utterly undone." during this period, evinced the same simplicity of manners and conduct, the same honest adherence *** to truth and uprightness in their dealings, for which they were distinguished in their own little By this time the colony had increased to 194, island." A few families returned to Pitcairn and they could not hope to continue on an island Island, and their descendants are there to this day. only one mile by two. In 1856, therefore, they Pitcairn Island as It Is Today By GWEN M. JUDGE, Visiting Missionary MIDWAY between New Zealand and Pan- Pitcairn teachers; but, on the recommendation of ama, Pitcairn Island, a tiny, rugged speck the High Commissioner of the Western Pacific of land, two miles long and one mile wide, under whom the local government operates, a raises its head 1,100 feet in lonely isolation. The qualified teacher and his wife came from Ausromantic history of its settlement by the Mutineers of the Bounty with their Tahitian wives Photo 1>y G. P. Lindley and associates one hundred and fifty years ago, MRS. ANDREW C. YOUNG AND HER DAUGHTERS. has been given world-wide publicity by pen and DEBORAH AND VANDA picture. Not all that has been written and shown is strictly authentic, according to the traditions tralia to take charge of the school work. The held by the best informed people on the island. present enrolment of the school is forty-three, The popUlation is now 22'0, though about 20 of comprising children from six to sixteen years of them are visiting in New Zealand and Tahiti. age. Pitcairn is in touch with the world through passing ships, by correspondence and the radio. Though several of the Mutineers appear to have Rarely a week passes that some freight or pas- been men of strong character, it was not till John senger ship does not make the twenty-five-mile Adams, the only Englishman left after the orgy detour from its course to visit the island. Always of murderous bloodshed, became conscious of the with enthusiasm the islanders set out from Bounty Bay in their 35-foot boats to meet the approaching vessels and to bring fruit and curios which are sold to the passengers or are exchanged for food and clothing. Incoming mail and cargo are transferred to the island boats for distribution to the isolated islanders. About a year ago they were delighted with the gift of a powerful radio. Night after night Pitcairn dwellers may now hear the news of the world and the voice of the licensed amateur Pitcairn operator, Andrew Young, is heard in different parts of the world- "VR6AY Pitcairn Island calling!"

The language generally used on Pitcairn is an imperfect English which, when talking. among themselves, is often mixed with localisms which are unintelligible to outsiders. For many years the education of the children was carried on by

great spiritual need of the survivors who looked ing the requirements of the Christian life – reto him as their leader, that any religious life was pentance, forgiveness, faith, truth and love; the seen in the community. God used that man juniors are following the children of Israel in mightily as, with Bible and Prayer Book, he led their wilderness wanderings. The wee tots are the growing population in Bible study and in seek- taught simple Bible stories with the aid of picture ing to find and follow the Way of Life. The rolls, a sand tray and other illustrative material. Church of England form of worship was observed down through the years until about fifty years A regular church service is held at 11 a. m. and ago when the islanders joined the Seventh-day in the afternoon a meeting is conducted by and Adventists. Today the majority of the adults are for the young people. A missionary meeting is church members, and some of the men and women held each Monday evening at which letters of inare of sterling character and deep Christian ex- terest are read and encouragement is brought perience. from pen friends in different parts of the world, or from articles from Christian papers telling of Missionaries come from Australia· every few the triumphs of the Gospel in lands afar. Early years and stay from six to twelve months. In the every Tuesday morning a number of Islanders asinterim the religious activities are carried on semble for united Bible study and prayer. under the leadership of the elders; Mr. Ward, the school teacher; and Mr. Fred Christian, a great- Though far removed from many attractions and grandson of Fletcher Christian, the leader of the temptations of the outside world – such as the Mutiny. movies, the hotel bar, the dance hall, and the race course-Pitcairn is not beyond the reach of the On each Sabbath morning practically the entire enemy of righteousness, and, as elsewhere, some community, from great-grandparents to infants, in their weakness fall beneath his attacks. May attend the Sabbath School where division leaders we ask readers to pray that all on Pitcairn may review the Bible lessons studied at home during become "more than conquerors through Him that the week. This year the senior division is study- loved us."

"THE MEEK SHALL INHERIT THE EARTH"-IN CHINA The following story from China, (told again in The Sunday School Times, illustrates the truth of Christ's promise to "the meek";- A vagrant named Li K'ai-fan seized a small piece of land belonging to a Christian named Chen that he might use it as a kitchen-garden for himself. "According to justice," writes Chen, "I should have taken him to court where he would have been punished according to law. I did not wish to quarrel with people, yet coul d I let him rob me of my land? I prayed about the affair for three days, after which the Holy Spirit led me to see that I should have no quar- rel with worldly people. So I presented him with the land, taking a writing to his home and, in his presence, with witnesses, made over to him a perpetual deed. Li's conscience smote him, and he was unwilling to receive it, but I insisted.

"Later the Reds compelled Li K'ai-fan to become commander of the surrounding country- side. Under his command were the Red troops called 'The Groping for Melons Society' (an expression for chopping off heads) and 'The Society for Taking Captives for Ransom.' All officials were to be executed, and I would have been no exception. But Commander Li gave secret orders that no one was to molest me, and that if any soldiers passed my home they should go quietly so as not to alarm me. He said, as I heard later, that this man Chen was a right- eous man.

"If, when Li had seized my land, I had gone to law over it, when he became Commander- in-Chief of the Reds it is certain that his head-chopping business would have begun with my head. My whole family would have had no protection, and the work of the Lord would have been greatly hindered. To believers who follow the will of the Lord all things do work together for good."

in the Present

Views of Mission Boards, Chinese and Others A CRISIS is a turning point which is expected others added that great attention should be given to decide the fate of a person, a cause or a to medical work. The Y. W. C. A. specified "spir- nation. On the crisis, and the operating itual and physical reconstruction in free zones."

forces, may depend future failure or success. A Next in importance for emphasis in mission crisis may be a blessing, if it leads those who face work today is the physical relief of suffering Chi- it to find and use their true source of strength nese – mentioned in fourteen answers. General while they recognize and guard against weak- education work is considered third in importance, nesses and causes of failure. Many people fail to being emphasized by four societies.

recognize or to see the way out but the people of The general view is that while all mission work God have always learned valuable lessons in the is important, the greatest emphasis should be crises that have confronted them – at the Red placed on matters of eternal value. Relief should Sea, at the Jordan River, in Sennacherib's inva- be given to as many as possible in their distress sion, through Queen Esther's opportunity, in as an evidence of Christian sympathy. It is neces- Christ's call to His disciples, in Peter's visit to sary also to train men and women for Christian Cornelius, in the call of the first missionaries, in service to their fellow men. There is a great the Macedonian vision-all these were crises and change in emphasis in many missions-from edu- in each crisis there was a danger, an opportunity cation to evangelism and relief-since the beginfor advance and an evidence of trust or distrust ning of the Japanese invasion two years ago.

in God and cooperation in His program. *** The crises that exist today in China and Korea, Second: Among the views as to the outlook for in Europe and other lands and in the Church at missionary work are the following: home are fraught with dangers and opportunities. "Missionary work will continue." In view of the crisis in China, letters were re- "Long distance view is hopeful." cently sent to the Mission Boards conducting work "Bright in free areas; hampered in occupied in China, asking, among other things, three ques- territory." tions: "Good opportunities both in free and occupied 1. In view of the present need and situation in China China." on what are you placing greatest emphasis – on evangelism, education or physical relief? "Opportunities unparalleled."

2. What is your view as to the present outlook for "Response from the Chinese is excellent." China and for Christian missionary work among the "The present outlook is the brightest for many Chinese? years, except for the restrictions and difficulties placed in the way by the fact of war. The very 3. How do you think American Christians can best help forces which handicap the Church in its work are the Chinese in the present crisis? the forces which are driving many Chinese to con- sider the message of the Church. The quiet wit- Other questions, as to the effect of the Japanese ness and heroic service of the missionaries are invasion, were asked and the summary of the re- sure to bear fruit in later years. Saul could not plies was printed in our October issue (pages escape the witness of the martyred Stephen, 437-8) . Here we give the gist of replies to the neither will China forget the quiet witnessing of three important questions enumerated above. the missionaries. Dr. C. W. Shoop, writing from They reveal the general attitude of evangelical the thick of the fight, said 'We must go on with missions and their convictions as to Christian at- our task and not permit ourselves to be unduly titude and activity in mission work in China to- impressed with our failures. I am finding reday. markable resources of new inspiration in the Old Testament prophets who faced very bad situa- *** First: Nineteen out of twenty-six Boards reply that they believe that the present greatest em- tions, yet believed that the earth would be filled phasis should be placed on evangelism of the Chi- with the knowledge of the glory of Jehovah as nese by presenting to them Christ and His offer the waters cover the sea.' "-United Brethren in of salvation through faith in Him. Some Boards Christ.

coupled with this the need for the maintenance of "So far as the Chinese attitude is concerned, education work (especially Bible training) and our workers report that the doors are wide open [493 ]

for effective mIsSIOnary service especially evan- "The situation is most difficult and delicate, but gelism. In the areas controlled by Japan, mis- most strategic and necessary, as well as fruitful. sionary residence and travel are much restricted If China can continue to be mistress of her own and work of the Chinese pastors and evangelists house, the outlook is most hopeful; otherwise is fraught with many difficulties but is being car- gloomy."-Church of the Brethren. ried on with a goodly measure of blessing. We plan to send three new missionaries this fall."- "There is more hope for China today than two Christian and Missionary Alliance. years ago. The eagerness with which the Gospel is accepted spells great possibilities for mission- "In Free China the outlook for China and for ary work."-Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mismissionary work is very hopeful. New leaders sions. are developing and Americans are respected because of the devotion to China they have shown." "The Chinese people were never more expres- -Yo W.C.A. sive of their gratitude for what the Y. M. C. A. is doing. They see in North American secre- "In Free China the morale is higher than it was taries a visible expression of the oft-expressed at the beginning of the war and, strangely enough, sympathy of people of the United States and Cantheir loyalty to General Chiang is increasing, in ada."-Y. M. C. A. spite of the many defeats suffered. How Can Americans Help? "If China wins the war with the aid of England and America I believe that the position of the Third: In answer to the question, How can Christian missionaries will be stronger in the American Christians best help the Chinese in the years ahead than in the past. If they are defeated present crisis, most Mission Boards emphasize by Japan the difficulty of missionary work will prayer, together with gifts for Chinese relief likely increase more than it has in Manchuria and (through Church Committee for China Relief, 287 Korea. If on the other hand China wins the war Fourth Ave., New York). Six replies urge "enwith the active aid of Communistic Russia, Chris- lightening the American public as to the facts and tian missionaries will probably be banned."- agitating for legislation to stop supplying war ma- Methodist Board of F. M. terials to the aggressor nation." Three societies ask for the strengthening of the missionary staff "In Chinese controlled China the Church will by sending out more workers. Some say: increase in popular esteem."-Reformed Church in America. "Maintaining of the present missionary force and providing of funds for relief work particu- "I could write at length of the problems which larly among the Christians."-Assemblies of God. we face in Japanese occupied territory. Daily papers tell of the agitation fostered against Brit- "By intelligent, persevering prayer of faith. ish and other missionaries in the interior. How By moral and financial support."-Bible Institute far this may go will depend very largely on the of Los Angeles. pressure Christian people at home bring on the Government to take measures against this policy." "By retaining missionaries, maintaining their -A Southern Presbyterian. work, supporting China Relief Fund and praying for an honorable peace." – Church of England "Let me quote from a recent report of one of Zenana Mission. our evangelistic missionaries in Yuanling: 'During recent months there has been especially good "Supplementing the thin line of missionaries; attendance at all services due to the influx of great maintaining the present salients; culturing and numbers of Christians from other points. The encouraging an indigenous Church; saturating city church has instituted a second worship serv- the Church at home with missionary publicity ice in the afternoon. Many are studying the Bible dealing with things accomplished; and above all preparing for church membership.' "-Reformed by united intercession that the faith of our Chi- Church in the U. S. nese brothers shall not fail and that the assurance that the prophetic words of our Divine Lord which "Changed conditions create new opportunities covers war-torn China with redemption has not for personal evangelism. Physical conditions and been modified nor abridged. 'He shall not fail mental attitudes in some measure retard the work. nor be discouraged: "-Evangelical Church. The frontiers are being pushed into central and western China. The personal reports of our mis- "Keep informed. Pray for guidance and love. sionaries breathe a calmness of spirit and a con- Send wise and thoroughly devoted Christians as fident faith that humbles a reader and shames a missionaries and relief workers. Pray much for hesitant and halting church at home." – Evan- those there. Support sacrificially both relief and gelical Church. mission work."-Church of the Brethren.

"A great door and effectual-and many adver- "By continuing evangelistic work and by carrysaries"-United Church of Canada. ing on educational and medical institutions. Ac- tivities will have to be modified and perhaps in some areas be discontinued; but missionaries

CHINA IN THE PRESENT CRISIS

should remain if possible. Otherwise how can "Opportunities for Christian religious and phil- China know the sincerity of our faith in Christ? anthropic work among the people of Canton are Send more relief funds for the destitute and challenging, in spite of the fact that all educawounded."-United Brethren in Christ. tional institutions are closed, that hospitals are continuing with greatly reduced staffs, and that "Support missionaries and Chinese Christians. churches are carrying on with small constitu- Furnish relief; keep intact the nucleus of tried encies. Most of the workers with any initiative and true workers."-American Bwptist F. M. S. and leadership are gone, yet the few faithful ones who remain are ministering to those in need de- "First, stand by the missionary movement in spite personal embarrassment and frequent hu- China in increasing prayer and sacrificial giving. miliation."-American Information Committee. Second, actually show friendship for Chinese students in America. Third, direct giving to support *** the organizations which are working for relief in China, such as the Church Committee for China "Soochow (Methodist) University was returned Relief and the American Committee for Medical in March after sixteen months of occupation with Aid in China. Fourth, and this is highly important, exert our individual and government influ- its science equipment an 85 % loss, its power plant ences against American selling to Japan, gasoline, steel and munitions of war." – Methodist Epis- smashed, other equipment depleted, and American copal Board. faculty furnishings at least four-fifths gone. A few government schools and some private schools, How Chinese Meet the Situation chiefly of a primary grade, are today limping along. Missions are conducting only special or Fourth: Some of the present difficulties in 'make-up' classes which are crowded with chil- China, and what the Chinese themselves are doing dren who otherwise would be idle. The situation in the present emergency for their own people is holds no promise of marked improvement because shown in the following quotations: the real educators and most of the older students will not return to work under the shadow of the "The effect of Japanese aggression in China invader." goes deeper than the mere material damage done in the destruction of homes, cities, properties and *** the bombing of men and women and children. The establishment of comfort homes for soldiers "In Soochow (under Japanese control) Chris- (another name for houses of prostitution), the tian churches are carrying on a significant minisencouragement and expansion of trade in opium, try to the needy and the burdened in spirit. Atheroin and other narcotics are even more men- tendance at regular services is good, and Bible acing to the moral and spiritual well-being of the Study and Club Work are gaining momentum. people. One of the things that the Chinese Cen- Hospitals and clinics are overcrowded. There has tral Government was putting down with a strong been no serious interference with church work so hand was the use of narcotics."-Mme. Chiang far, although one center knows that a spy (a Chi- Kai-shek. nese puppet) under the military police, has been assigned the task of ferreting out and reporting Speaking before the anniversary gathering of on everything that goes on in that church, with the National Chinese Women's Association, Mme. especial attention to the activities of the Amer- Chiang said that the two-year resistance has icans."-American Information Committee. proved that the 5,000-year-old spirit of the Chinese race has never failed to come to the fore in * '" * any emergency and under any hardship. She expressed the hope of washing away the accumu- "The Christian Church in Chungking is provlated national shame which had been the cause of ing a source of comfort and strength to the peopain and distress to the people. She is confident ple of this region during these days of suffering. in China's perseverance in the struggle and her Churches are filled, interest is genuine, and the final victory. zealous activity and faith of laymen and leaders is most cheering. The challenge that comes to the In the two years the National Chinese Woman's Christian worker in such a situation is truly soul- Association has distributed $5,000,000 in medical gripping."-American Information Committee. supplies and other gifts. While these material gifts are useful, Chinese women do well to con- *** tribute of their patriotic spirit, demonstrating their concern for those at the front and express- "The spirit of the Chinese is indescribable; one ing sympathy to those affected by the war. Spir- who has seen the cheering people lining the roads itual comfort is much more important than ma- in thousands, shouting their slogans, singing their terial gifts. songs, drilling in tailored formations, can scarcely believe that Shansi has been a battlefield for al- *** most two years," said Miss Joy Homer on her re- turn to Chungking from a four-month trip to the

Northwest. She made the trip as a representa- existing conditions to supply our depots with tive of the American Church Committee for China Bibles and Testaments for which there seems to Relief. be a greater demand than we have ever experi- enced in the history of the Bible Societies in The closer one draws to the battle front, the China. This demand comes both from Chinese more firm and striking becomes the morale of the Christians who have lost their Scriptures in the people, said Miss Homer. In Shansi, ravaged more process of sudden evacuation of homes, and in part cruelly than any other of China's provinces, the from an increasing number of non-Christians will of the people seems to have been inflamed by who have observed the life and work of Christians battle. The town of Chihsien, west of the Tungpu and missionaries in the face of the great difficul- Railway, is symbolic-twice captured by the Jap- ties which affect all living in China today. Many anese, it has been twice retaken; twice burnt, it methods are being used to ship Scriptures – the has been twice rebuilt; and today its inhabitants mails where these are effective, unusual routes of are rock-firm and united in their resistance. transportation, and even the purchase of trucks loading them with Scriptures and having them The countryside has been completely organized. driven from the coast to the far interior by routes Every individual is a member of some group that away from the battle lines."-American Bible Sointegrates itself into the all-front resistance. ciety. These groups cooperate intimately with the regular army and the guerilla forces. They serve as *** intelligence agents, as transport corps, and as auxiliary fighters. The relationship between Chi- A PRAYER FOR CHINA nese troops and people is one of friendship and confidence. Eternal God, Ancient of Days, who sittest throned in glory, let Thy blessing rest upon the *** ancient nation of China. Look mercifully, we be- seech Thee, upon the Chinese people in this time "The Y. M. C. A. which has for its motto 'Serv- of their national crisis, and in this day of their ice Above Self' is one of the many worthy move- distress. Have compassion upon the multitude ments in China which Japan has failed to crush. of men, women and children who are the inno- Destroyed or occupied buildings, dislocated mem- cent victims of the cruelty and inhumanity of bership and other damages and hardships imposed war. Pour out upon the nation and its leaders by war have only meant greater and more enthu- Thy Spirit, the Spirit of truth and righteousness, siastic service to the people from the 'Y' workers. that they may be empowered to establish and de- fend a good government, and be guided into a life "Most praiseworthy is the emergency service of freedom and peace. Bless especially the Chrisrendered by 'Y' workers to Chinese soldiers in tian leaders of the land that they may be of good spite of difficulties in communications. Accord- courage and of great faith. Protect for their sake ing to Mr. F. Y. Hsiao, field director for this serv- the messengers of Thy love and grant to all misice, on February 18, four units were operating in sionaries a clear appreciation of the present opthe Shensi-Honan area, and five units in the portunities for service in the name and spirit of Hunan-Kiangsi area. In addition, there are four their Master. May their lives and their labor be newly-organized units in the Chekiang-Anhwei precious in Thy sight. Let Thy powerful benedicarea. Steps are being taken to extend the work tion rest upon the Christian Church in China, that to 30 units covering the entire war area."-China she may stand fast in the faith and persevere in Information Service. all good works. Grant to the nations of the world patience, wisdom and understanding, that they *** may help and not hinder the unity and prosperity of a great people; and bring to the whole world As an example of Christian work at one station, the blessing of fellowship with Thy Son, our Sav- The Missionary Herald says: "The greatest need iour Jesus Christ. Amen.-From ((Prayers for in Taiku station is for 'coal and Bibles'! The va- the Far East." rious Christian groups in the two mission compounds, and within the city, encourage each other, *** especially under Pastor Wang's leadership, and the attendance at Sunday service has averaged BIRTH PANGS OF A NEW AGE 500. The village churches are alive. There was the good fortune of a fine wheat harvest last sum- The world today is in agony. We have heartmer." ache; but that pain is the way of higher life. We see a hundred needs with the mind; but we must *** also feel them with radiant pain. The world is in the birth pangs of a new age.-Dr. Frank Lauba.ch "The military operations have interfered very of the Philippines. greatly with colportage and the sale of Gospels. But there is considerable work among the refugees and the wounded soldiers, work which is steadily increasing; we have been hard pressed under the

Woman Enlisted for Christ*

By JANIE W. McGAUGHEY )5..- Secretary of Women's Work in the Presbyterian Church, U. S.

D R. GEORGE TRUETT has thrown out this Enlisting – a Trust challenge: "What a power this audience would be if every Christian here were liv- In the book, "Adult Education in the Church," ing at his maximum!" Paraphrasing that idea by Sherrill & Purcell, we find this significant we might say, "What power would be generated statement which throws a flood of light on the in this old world today if every woman in our meaning of the word "enlist," making clear the Church were genuinely enlisted for Christ and fact that the conception of church membership living to her utmost for Him!" was enlistment in Christ's service. The author says: "One of the earliest known formulas re- For two years the Woman's Auxiliary of the quired the candidate for baptism to repeat pub- Presbyterian Church has stated as the special goal licly on an impressive occasion the words, 'Sunof their year's program of study and service: tattomai soi Christe.' That may very well be "Every Woman Enlisted for Christ." A high translated, 'I enlist with thee, 0 Christ.' That goal. It echoes the emphasis. placed by Christ on word 'Suntattomai' carries something of the the importance of individual commitment to Him thought of reporting oneself for orders." and the following of Him. It is the objective toward which the movement of Christian education Certainly there needs to be such an interpretaamong the women of our Church is directed, and tion of Church membership by all who have taken the end which we seek to reach, that every knee the step of public profession of our Lord and shall bow before Christ and every tongue confess Saviour and united with His Church. Too often Him as Saviour and Lord. such action is not considered as an active enlisting for and with the Captain of our Salvation and a Women have ever been needed in promoting the reporting to Him for orders. If this were the work of the Kingdom. On down through the ages basic thought, would there not be a marked in- God has used woman to help carry out His pur- crease "in the attendance upon the worship services poses in the world. Christ opened wider horizons in our churches on Sunday and through the week, of service for Christian womanhood. He alone a larger enrolling for study or teaching in our brings new life, new vision" new love, new faith, Church schools, a very different record made posnew hope, new power. He needs Christian women sible for our annual reports of study, service, and today as witnesses for Him in their deeds, their gifts? If every woman member of our churches words, their attitudes. conceived of her membership as a trust through which there would be the expression of loyalty to It is the women of the Church that touch more Christ, the Head of the Church, would that not intimately every other group in the Church-the affect her thoughts, her words, her deeds and even children, the young people, the men. They are her attitudes and lead her to a full commitment the mothers who make or mar Christian influence and even sacrifice for the One under whom she in the home; they are the wives of our ministers, had enlisted? our elders, our deacons, and other leaders in our church life; they form the maj or portion of that Two facts should claim our careful and prayerfaithful and influential group in our Church, the ful attention: (1) There are hundreds of women Sunday school teachers, to whom is committed the in our churches today who are not actively enmoulding of young life through the program of listed for Christ; (2) There are yet other hunreligious education. And numbered among the dreds who have not learned the secret of complete womanhood of our Church are those groups. of lo.yalty to the One under whom they have enlisted. both younger and older women who reach out and touch life in our community, in our schools, in the Within that group of women who have not acbusiness world, in industry, in many of our lead- tively enlisted for Christ, there are personalities ing professions. What a power these groups. of that need to be claimed for service through His women would be if everyone were enlisted for Church. Many seek to satisfy that desire for ac- Christ and living at her maximum for His glory! tivity in channels other than the Church, often because they have not been led to see the oppor- • From Tl/,e Presbyterian Survey (March). tunity for using them iri the Church. But perhaps [497 ]

an even more tragic side of the picture is the fact dividual woman in her Christian life as she en- that these so-called "professing" Christian women, deavors to grow into the fulness of Christ and who by their own voluntary action have united share in the world-wide task of making Him with the Church, do not seek to know Him under known as Saviour and Lord. Every woman is whose banner they have enlisted. They are not asked to read it often and to meditate upon it, using the God-given means for Christian growth. asking herself these questions: Their Bibles are closed books to them. They do AM I LEARNING OF CHRIST AND HIS WORK not know the secret of prevailing prayer. They THROUG~­ have not experienced true worship in God's House Daily Bible Reading?

or service for His sake. They are not concerned Bible Study Class? about the millions who have never heard of Jesus Mission Study? who came to save "all people." Often such ones need only to be awakened by some loving, tactful Missionary Books? The Presbyterian Survey? Church Papers?

friend who will show them the joys of daily con- Other Christian Literature?

tact with our Lord through His Word and through AM I CULTIVATING MY PRAYER LIFE THROUGHprayer, or the thrill of fellowship with Christ and Daily Personal Prayer? Christians which is possible in His Church; or Family Worship?

the satisfaction of service done in His name and Prayer Group Intercession?

for His glory. They need the touch of a life living Use of Day by Day?

for life and not for things. They need some one AM I SERVING CHRIST THROUGH- who represents Him who came to bring life Speaking to others about Him?

abundant. Accepting definite responsibility in: The "enlisted for Christ" have a distinct respon- Sunday School? Auxiliary? Other Service? sibility for the unenlisted ones. It has ever been Tithing (money or substance)? so. It was Christ's method of carrying forward Attending Church Services: Public Worship on Sunday?

His program. Someone who has not caught the Sunday School? Prayer Meeting? vision of Christ is dependent upon another who Auxiliary Meeting? Circle Meeting? has journeyed on the Damascus road, has seen the Participating in Christian Social Service activities in Lord, and has been commanded by Him to be "a my community? Am I showing a spirit of friendli- ness to strangers? To any who need a friend?

witness" to those things which were seen and Motto: "FOR TO ME TO LIVE IS CHRIST"

heard. Through some act of friendliness on the The Personal Guide – a Means part of some Christian woman, through the con- tagion of her conversation, through a dispiay of The Personal Guide is one of the very important her Christian enthusiasm, some unenlisted woman means for use in enlisting women. But it must be may be led to realize the latent possibilities within made to live and definite guidance must be given her which, through contact with her Lord in His as to how the various items listed can be used to Word and in prayer and through service in His help one grow spiritually. The phases of the name, oan fruit into a joyous enrichment of life. Christian life and service outlined on the guide And it is the privilege of the "enlisted" to be just are not for the sake of ohecking on personal atsuch a friend, one who is used to lead some woman tainment for auxiliary records. Far from it! Its into the joy which comes when personalities are purpose as expressed on the guide is: "To help dedicated to our Lord. the individual woman in her personal Christian The Woman's Auxiliary, with its plan of circle life as she endeavors to grow into the fullness of organization, is being richly used of God to this Christ and share in the world-wide task of mak- very end of claiming for Christ latent power in ing Him known as Saviour and Lord."

the adult life of our Church. Circle chairmen are The .lives of some can be enriched by being truly the contact persons in every church. They shown by another the joy of establishing the habit are the ones who hold in their power the possibili- of daily Bible reading and praying; the satisfying ties for reaching just these women. They need of some heart-hunger through attending the serv- the cooperation of every active member of the ice of the church, of some Bible class, or School circle. Many illustrations could be given of how of Missions, or circle or auxiliary meeting; the chairmen and faithful members are working to- fascination of realizing through some missionary gether and are reaching the unenlisted. But are book or article in the Church paper, or other we using to the fullest the means offered through Christian literature, that as Christians we are a the auxiliary plan for strengthening the work of part of a world-wide Christian fellowship and that the Kingdom by adding yet more and more to the missions and world peace are intimately tied up number of those who serve therein? together. Or perhaps we might have the joy of A Personal Guide has been used to help the in- seeing some gifted personality released for·a serv-

EVERY WOMAN ENLISTED FOR CHRIST

ice that really counts by opening up to her some "every woman," includes the world. And so our way to share a latent talent. It may be that some- field is the world and, our aim is to win a lost one with a gift of social graces can be used as world to Christ. In a message given by one of hostess for a meeting or auxiliary party; it may those consecrated pioneers, Mrs. Archibald Davis, be that a beautiful voice or other artistic ability in 1914, this missionary note is sounded. can be used to fill a definite need in the Master's work; it may be through a flower garden or a A part of our unfinished task is working with the indirecipe, or some other special hobby, a woman may vidual, for, after all, organization is only a means to an be claimed for use in some needed niche in the end, only a channel through which to work, and the work church; or it may be that some mother-heart can itself must be done with the individual. . . . We should be reached through some talented child used on a never forget that the salvation of souls is our only aim. program. So long as there is a woman in our Southland not bearing the name of Christian, and so long as there is a 'woman For this responsibility of helping to develop and bearing the name, but not living worthy of the name, our use the resources of womanhood, there must be task is an unfinished task. an ever increasing growth in loyalty to our Lord on the part of those who are enlisted for His serv- In a recent book, "Women and the Way," there ice. Each year should find us more completely is a series of testimonies from outstanding Chrissurrendered to our Saviour and Leader; more tian women representing different parts of the eager for knowledge of Him through His Word; world, each one declaring what Christ means to more full of compassion for His "other sheep"; the women of her nation. We look into the faces more committed to the task of leading these to of women around the world and find in them the Him; more willing to put our love into deeds; common need of the Saviour. For all who have and more sacrificial in our gifts for the work of accepted Him, "the Gospel of Jesus Christ has extending the Kingdom. proved its regenerating power." So testifies one of ,the authors. It is inspiring to visualize the In his book, "By the Still W'aters," Mr. Vance host of women of every race and color around the Havner says that every Christian is a "postmaster world represented in the chapters of that book for God" whose duty is to pass out the messages and to realize that all who are enlisted for Christ God has sent to the world. Some messages are everywhere are one in Him. We are ever conaddressed to us, but many are for our fellows, and scious of the yet larger group of women who have it is our duty to see that these are delivered. The not found "the Way." Until "every woman" out postmaster does not spend time decorating his across this whole world is enlisted for Christ, our postoffice and fail to distribute the mail. He needs task is unfinished. Our commission is to witness a clean and tidy postoffice, as we need a clean and for Him until all shall know Him. ordered life, but this is a means to the end of reaching the ones for whom the messages are in- Truly this is a time that calls for courageous tended. The smallest postoffice can be used to witnessing to the power of Chri,st. We are sumconvey messages. So the sImplest life can be used moned to an enlistment with Christ under His to give to the world the message of Jesus Christ, banner of love, to serve with a spirit of complete the Saviour of all. How faithful are we as His commitment to Him and sacrifice for Him. Every postmistresses! woman gives her own answer. Christ compels none. He invites all. Enlisting with Him and "Every woman enlisted for Christ !" This leads for Him means ultimate victory. "Thanks be unto us to remember our missionary task. The goal, God who always causes us to triumph in Christ."

A JEWISH RABBI'S PRAYER o Master of the World! All roads are closed against us. All strength has been taken away from us upon the earth. Our life has been ruined, and our security has been undermined. We no longer dare to contemplate the future of our people. In this hour of need, of persecution, of unrest and despondency, in this hour of humiliation and hopelessness, we turn to Thee, 0 Lord.

Father of all mankind, of all creation, strengthen us. . . . Place Thy healing fingers upon our beating hearts. Open our eyes, so that we may know, for we can find no hope, no consolation, among men. Let us be "holy unto Thee." For so we have once heard; the echo of these words rings in our ears as we wander through the centuries, firmly clinging to Thy words that Thou hast given us.

This prayer is answered by Jesus Christ, the Saviour of Jews and Gentiles, when he said: "Come unto me, all ye that labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest."

War and the Churches in

By PROF. ADOLF KELLER, D.D., Geneva, Switzerland I N A SIMILAR situation to that of 1914, war The third characteristic, which differentiates does not find the Evangelical Churches of the Church of today from that of 1914, is a deep- Europe where they stood then. Of course, now ening of the belief that human differences and as then the price of life will sink terribly; many even ecclesiastic and theological differences have Christian Churches, parishes, charitable institu- not the importance which have been attributed to tions are in danger of being wiped out, especially them in the midst of our controversies. These in central and eastern Europe. It may be that cer- differences become minor elements in the life and tain powers will endeavor to give a deadly blow faith of a Church if they are considered in the to certain church groups. light of the Gospel of Jesus Christ Himself. His But in spite of this situation the Church is bet- Church has learned today to tolerate differences ter prepared, spiritually, than it was in 1914 to of opinions and theology because we can lay them meet this attack of the world. Where the Church at the feet of Jesus Christ, the Lord of the Church.

of Jesus Christ is alive and functioning, the King- He stands upright in our midst at a moment when dom of God will no longer be identified with any States and Churches are menaced with destruc- worldly power. The following elements, char- tion. It seems in some countries as if the Church acteristic of the present situation of the Church would be dissolved into congregations, and as if in Europe may show where her life and faith is congregations would be disbanded into those different from that which was manifest during groups of two or three individuals who meet in the war of 1914 to 1918. the name of Jesus Christ. But though Churches, First: the Church is today more conscious than parishes and organizations should come to an it was in 1914 of the fundamental difference be- end-Christ Himself stands as the Son of God tween Church and World. A Church-conscious- who is ever and ever again calling together those ness is alive today, and knows something about two .or three into a family to constitute His the otherness of the world with its sin and revolt Church. Inspired by this new spirit, a Church against God. Opposing this worldliness is the will be prepared to tackle the concrete task which Church of Jesus Christ as an organism; it is in God Himself lays at her feet. Such a Church can- the world but cannot be confounded with it. The not be destroyed and cannot be divided even by Church has heard the challenge of the Oxford war; it will maintain as far as possible the rela- Conference: "Let the Church be the Church I" tions with Christ the Head and between the mem- No longer, although standing with the nation, does bers of His family.

the Church identify piety with the transcendent What can the Churches do now? The Church message of the Church. will continue to preach her message, pointing out The second characteristic of the Church in the that God is a sovereign even above a world which present situation is the fact that a larger and is given over to violence and depends on the power deeper fellowship of the Churches has developed of armies. The Church will continue, not .only since 1914. In spite of racial, linguistic, national the helpful preaching of the Word of God, but also and denominational frontiers the churches know the service of love to suffering humanity. She today something of the Church, the Una Sancta, will struggle to uphold the truth against the prop- that indestructible Christian communion which aganda of lies which is sweeping over the coun- cannot be divided even by war. There is today a tries. She will not forget that the greater suffer- deep conviction in the hearts of millions that the ing of her members means a stronger appeal to Church of Christ is "in, with and above" the indi- faith, prayer, to hope and to a solidarity which vidual churches, and is a kind of bulwark within cannot be broken as long as Jesus Christ remains which Jesus Christ has called us from the world. with us "even and to the end of the age." * Even statesmen and business leaders recognize * An emergency appeal for war-time is issued for suffering pastoday this otherness of the Church and look to- tors' families In Transylvania arnedfugFereasncIe~ for the Czech parish In wards such indestructible fellowship as the re- Paris, for Spanish Protestant France for needy stumaining hope of the world. dents and candidates in central and eastern Europ';. New ways for relief of sutTerlng fellow Christians and Chu~ches may be opened in the near future.

[500 ]

Outlook for the American

A Symposium Gathered by G. E. E. LINDQUIST, Lawrence, Kansas Missionary-ai-Large, Society for Propagating the Gospel Among the Indians I N A RECENT issue of the REVIEW there ap- All these writers agree that the Indian has been peared an article on "What American Indians the victim of experimentation, exploitation, and are Doing to Evangelize Their Own People." paternalism. This "blight of dependen'cy" has As a follow-up, and in view of the comparatively constituted a bane to progress, self-support and slow progress recorded in the Indian mission field, self-respect. Although technically an American the editor suggested a symposium on "The Fu- citizen, he has been exempted from certain pre- ture of the American Indian," as instanced in the rogatives and obligations of citizenship, such as following questions: taxation of his land. Such exemptions often lead "Must we look ahead to another one hundred to race prejudice. In recent years the emphasis years without much more progress than has been on the Indian as "a peculiar race" and the tacit made in the past 150 years?" encouragement of pagan customs and ceremonials under the guise of "religious liberty," and the "When may we expect that the Indians of the preservation of "culture patterns" have tended to various tribes will become self-supporting and in retard progress rather than to accelerate the asgeneral a cultured people?" similation process. We have repeatedly urged that the Christian Church as well as the agencies "What are the chief hindrances in the way of of' Government, owe the Indian more because he this progress?" is a human being than because he happens to be an Indian; that he must be saved, not by a with- "What methods would be likely to produce most drawal from the stream of American life, that is, satisfactory and abiding results?" by subsidized segregation, but by a process of Christian education and assimilation where The above are some of the points dealt with by Church, State, and "Mr. Indian" cooperate to the the writers of this series of responses. It is right fullest extent. that an Indian should have the first opportunity to discuss his own case. Accordingly the views of the Rev. W. David Owl, a Cherokee, are given first. He has long been a missionary and leader on the Cattaraugus-Seneca 'Reservation in New York State. An Indian Forecasts His Future The Indian girl and her future should also re- By W. DAVID OWL, Iroquois, New York ceive consideration. This concern is manifested by such experienced workers as Miss Bertha M. THE present-day American Indian is a product Eckert, Secretary for Indian Work of the of many forces, which include plans, policies, Y. W.C.A. experiments, forced migrations, money, blood fusion and personalities; the viewpoint taken in The present and future of one nation, the Da- forecasting his future will vary with the field of kota Sioux, is presented by one who has lived and service area familiarity and with humanitarian worked with that tribe for twenty years, one who zeal in his behalf. knows their language and has dedicated himself to their welfare. From the past the Indian carries the marks of Other contributions follow by two veteran work- much that is experimental in human relations.

ers: Rev. G. A. Watermulder of the Reformed The Federal Government and the mission forces Church Indian Mission, who has spent thirty have not been idle in their efforts to bring him to years in his present field and who now serves as exercise his own abilities and into adjustment president of the National Fellowship of Indian with the normal life of the prevailing culture Workers; and by Dr. W. A. Petzoldt of the Crow about him. But too frequently the efforts have Baptist Mission, who holds the distinction of tended to be institutional, paternalistic and with thirty-five years' service among the Crow Indians a muffled reluctance to intrust him with respon- in Montana. Both these missionaries speak from sibilities in working out his own temporal sal- a wealth of experience and background. vation.

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Doing for him, rather than aiding him in doing and serviceableness. It is a pathetic misfortune for himself has developed mechanical stop and go that the Federal Government and the Mission signals in his make up. To the amazement of Boards have so inadequately hand-picked young those who would keep him harnessed to distinctive men and women for thorough training in the pro- Indian ideology, many individuals have taken con- fessions and occupations over the stretch of the structive places in organized society. Others, years. The number of Indians who have been who would hurry his abandonment of all things trained for the ministry through this means can native, gaze tear-eyed at the conservative comfort be counted on the ten fingers, a figure too meager and slowness which he manifests in the ancient to meet the demands of a people so rich in posways of his ancestors. sibilities.

Through the pages of American history and lit- Indian Future-As a Tribesman. To the avererature no figure has prompted more interest, ro- age American, tribal life on a reservation is set mantic acclaim and sentimental outcries than has with the jewels of virgin forests, streams aboundthe Red Man. His picturesqueness and rustic na- ing with fish, Indians beautifully bedecked with tive blending, with all that is associated with feathers and buckskin, roaming about with bow early life in this country, is retained, adored and and arrow, noiseless and cunningly stalking game. worshipped by children the world over. Will his- It is a dream life dear to the heart, but actually, torians be able accurately and gracefully to alter tribal life is a thing of the past. Life on an Inthe intriguing and beautiful story for future gen- dian reservation, in the eastern area, is no "happy erations, so that they may catch a vision of the hunting ground" experience. Indian domains and genius of the race? populations are small, surrounded on every side by other large populations and in close proximity Indian Future-As an Individual. The Indian to large cities and towns. The nature of the sitis very human and has definite capacities. The uation creates an opportunity for both wholesome racial traits and characteristics which cling to and unwholesome contacts and employment. him become assets, under sympathetic tutelage, in his gradual transition to new situations. With It is not yet expedient to abolish Indian reserthe Indian, as with all new Americans, he faces vations for the purpose of merging the Indian the inevitable problem of assimilation. Already, population with that of the American community. the influence of race mixture has laid a heavy Amalgamation is in process, but needless hurry hand on everything racial in every community of will result in a breakdown of morale and commu- Indians. It brings a touch of sadness to see fall nity life. Minority adherence to Indian culture by the way much of the color, the arts and the and ceremonials gives vent to native expression crafts, the romance and picturesqueness of a dis- and religious experience not as emotional and tinct race. narrowing as that of some Christian sects.

Because of the Indian's sensitive nature to re- Constant tampering with tribal government buke, criticism, mistakes and illness, he can easily and procedure results in distrust, confusion and be misunderstood and defeated. It is at these morbid support in anything constructive. There vulnerable places that wanton arrows are shot are more tactful ways of curing the ills of a disuntil confidence and buoyancy of spirit are shat- ordered tribal set-up. The schools are playing a tered. Most agencies have failed to recognize the master role in shaping the future. Where buses need of the kindly, patient hand of revitalizing a are filled with high school students, and English wounded soul by methods of spiritual and eco- is the language of the home, we have indications nomic help. The Indian race is worth saving, and that these associations with other young people there is ample opportunity to start with saving bring the desire for congenial, comfortable and individuals. sanitary home life.

By nature the Indian is slow and cautious to The importance of a carefully adapted program move into well set traps of organized effort,be of adult education and recreation, with trained it the church or any other agency. He will accept and voluntary leadership, cannot be underestihelp, such as transportation to church or clinic, mated. The Indian is a lover of music; he is a but when this is terminated he fails to show up natural imitator and dramatist; he is a sportsuntil a clear explanation is made of its value to man and enjoys the fellowship of the crowd. him and to his future. Personal initiative is not Tribal life on a reservation presents every potenlacking; winning him through this means drives tiality of being developed to a high degree of into the surface a loyalty and devotion unsurpassed terest and participation; he does not require rein any people. muneration to be interested in the welfare of him- self and of his people. Trained individual Indians are the key to the rise of the race. Investments made to this end A tribe of Indians can easily go to seed by bring returns abundant in skills, life standards nursing past injustices, animosities and wishfully

THE OUTLOOK FOR THE AMERICAN INDIAN

longing for the return of their lands. The people dians for a larger life the application of the fundaof any tribe, and especially the youth of the tribe, mental democratic principles, of both the nation cannot afford to be disfigured mentally and and the Church, are imperative. Energy and weighted down with the heavy scars of the past. buoyancy of spirit demand exercise from within, Indian youth need high hopes, high ideals, with the minority group of Indians in such a vast and resourceful nation cannot justly be denied every advantage held out to its people.

Future of the Indian Girl By BERTHA M. ECKERT Secretary for Indian Work, National Board, Y. W. C. A.

CALIFORNIA INDIAN GIRLS ON A PICNIC FOR 2,000 years our ancestors have gradually been building the world which we have today. the incentive to attain self-respect and self-sup- Yet in one generation, or at the most 100 port through the medium of a fair and hard years, we expect the American Indians to understruggle into the promised land- of the larger stand, approve of and assimilate our civilization. world of tomorrow. We expect the Indian girl to find self-support, friendships, constructive recreation and a church Indian Future-As an American Citizen. The home. ultimate destiny of the Indian is to have full participation in all phases of the life of an American One hundred years ago her people were procitizen. To be granted citizenship, by act of Con- gressing, but when we came to their shores none gress, is a noble gesture and is accepted by the had emerged entirely from the Stone Age. One Indians as such; but the term "American citizen- hundred years ago the Indian girl knew the inship" to many Indians of conservative loyalties, timacy and care of family and clan life, rigid soconveys only an intangible meaning. Years of cial customs dictated by her grandmother, homes first-hand observation of those who would take made open to all, including the stranger, cooperafrom him his material possessions and his very soul, has not made the Indian very eager to be- A YOUNG INDIAN BASKET MAKER IN NEVADA come like them. tive ways and the barter of goods to supply one's The Indian problem is unfortunately not a na- needs, appreciation of character and of the tional concern; with the Federal Government it achievements of others. She trusted life despite is a departmental issue; with the Church it is its mystery, developed resourcefulness in meetan ever-present task of evangelization; with communities having Indians as neighbors the situation is local, and wrought with the delicate but matchless opportunity of compounding the culture and heritage of two races. Blessed are those neighbors who live side by side with Indians and accept skill, dependability, good character, industry and pride of country, as against race prejudice.

Indians who have established their residence away from Indian communities have experienced scarcely a ripple of race prejudice or hindrance to the open door to everything American. For the majority who remain on reservations there are formidable barriers to the use of the franchise and to receiving the benefits and services of local social agencies. Segregation and special favors for Indians cannot endure within the healthy atmosphere of America. In preparation of In-

ing it and a delight in the gay and joyous. She own to care for. Only as she has opportunity to could think clearly and act directly. think and talk, to plan and laugh with others can During the last 100 years the Indian girl has faced the necessity of living in more and more she become adjusted and self-reliant. distant places, on lonely reservations, in segregated schools. She met the strangers to her land Is it not amazing that with so little opportunity occasionally but rarely lived as neighbor. She saw their love of speed, dependence on clocks, through the years for mutual acquaintance with lack of poise under strain and stress, eagerness to heap up possessions, the kindliness of some other girls and women we have so many Indian and their desire for her to believe as they did and to listen to their talks. women who are Government employees, teachers, She became interested in peoples of other tribes matrons, stenographers, and an increasing numand nations and races, curious to know what they ber of nurses and of young women in their own well-eared-for homes with well-eared-for children?

With more opportunity for employment and for friendship with Christian young people, in less than the next 100. years may we not look to the day when there will be no Indian problem. .

The responsibility rests upon our understand- ing of the needs of the Indian people. It rests upon our appreciation of their contribution to be made to modern life of calm, poise, enjoyment of simple things. Perhaps it rests upon Christian efforts to cleanse our civilization of its love of show, of prejudice and hate.

Outlook for the Dakota Indian By RUDOLF HERTZ Superintendent of Congregational Indian Missions SIOUX INDIAN WOMEN AND CHILDREN ONCE again, the very basis of the economic life of the Plains' Indians has been wiped considered of value in life. She developed a sense out. Years ago, the white man killed off of responsibility for herself and for those near her in family ties. She became aware of the fact the buffalo which had supplied most of tne Inthat her parents and brothers and sisters were dian's needs, his meat, his tenting, bedding, clothunderprivileged and that she belonged to a ing, and many of his tools. Since then, we have minority group. tried to help the Indian to learn cattle raising and farming. Now, however, we have learned through She continued in school, learned the necessity sad experience that the country west of the Misfor the possession of money, the beauty of homes souri is not a farming country except where irriand churches in places far distant from the hogan, gation is possible, and two to four sections of land the tipi, the one or two-room house and tiny un- (1,280-2,560 acres) are needed for fifty head of painted church at home. cattle, the minimum to keep the average size fam- ily. Most Indians do not own that much land, She has had much done for her but experience and even if they do, it is seldom in one piece. But tells us that learning takes place as the individual the government is trying to consolidate Indian has opportunity to practice decision-making her- land holdings and has also bought back land that self, to take responsibility, to use her own money had passed into white possession. As to irrigaand to earn it, to plan the Sunday school lesson tion, only 1-2% of the west-river country is so or the worship service, to have possessions of her situated that it can be watered artificially. So far, only a few Indian gardens have been irri- gated. The most ambitious project is the dam- ming of the Moreau River on the Cheyenne River Reservation, but its feasibility has not yet been determined definitely. As a matter of fact, right now, the Dakota (Sioux) Indian, like his white neighbor, is almost 100% on relief. Whatever one's political affilia- tion, it is certain that this cannot go on forever. Many of the white settlers have already moved, and the Indian, too, will either have to learn to

THE OUTLOOK FOR THE AMERICAN INDIAN

make a living on the land on which he now re- continent. What is to be our future? Who knows? sides, or move. Our country will come out of its hocus-pocus Promised Land spree in time. Better things are At present, it seems more probable that he will ahead for America. Weare in the dawning of a stay where he is. The government will presum- new day! ably continue to buy back former Indian land that has passed into white hands. As:the much The Indian had a definite place in our early hisovergrazed and drought-stricken range returns to tory. Has he anything more to cast into "the normal and Indian land holdings are consolidated, melting pot of America"? I believe he has. He the government may finance further Indian cattle is on the trail of progress. Some certifiable herds. More and more dams will be built to hold achievements are to his credit. More accomplishback water which would otherwise run off. Many ments are ahead. In the future of the Indian I small and perhaps a few big irrigation projects see the following: will make possible more subsistence gardening. Indian art, much encouraged by the government, He will be permitted to have a larger share in will bring skilful workers additional income. the solving of his own problems. It is not so much "The Indian Problem" as it is the Indians' prob- It will take large sums of money to finance all lem. He must have the chance to work it out these projects, but it seems to be the only way to through his own efforts. How can he ever "learn bring the Indian back to final self-support on his to paddle his own canoe" if we continue to carry own land. Money thus spent will not all go for him on a government transport? Paternalism family support, like wages. It will, in the end, has never been conducive to individualism. "Nemake further relief unnecessary except for the cessity is the mother of invention," all right, but aged, the sick, the widows, the orphans, and the she is also the highest paid member of the faculty incompetent. in the University of Hard Knocks, the institution out of which have come most of the great leaders This program, of course, does not mean that of all the racial groups through the centuries. all Indians must become cattle men. A small minority will continue to be absorbed in the gen- Too long has the white man carried the red eral life of the nation. In fact, this is not an In- man's burden. Until recent years the Indian has dian program at all, but the only way for anyone scarcely been asked what contribution he had to that wants to live in the present reservation coun- make to the betterment of his own condition. try. Whites and Indians alike will need this help unless they are to move; only, the Indi,an's larger Too much has been done with the Indian; land interests are more liable to hold him where enough has been done for the Indian; not enough he is than his white neighbor. has been done by the Indian.

At the best, of course, this is a time of strain In all history no racial group has been experiand stress. The government 'can furnish the mented with as much as the Indian. Every admeans and the men to carry through such an ex- ministration has a new program for him. He has tensive plan. But the Indian needs more than always been the pawn on the political chess-board. money and advisers. He needs spiritual as well In these latter days enough is being done for him. as material vision. He needs moral stamina. He The present-day Indian is receiving much from needs the will to do the work. All these come the government, far more than ever before. The from God, not from the government, and God's red men who were so sorely mistreated by the representatives on earth have before them a big government are today for the most part, under task indeed to help the Indian to continue in con- the sod. Not enough has been done by the Indian stant touch with Him that supplieth all out needs for himself. Until recent years he has never had according to his riches in glory. the chance. His weaning process has been an elongated affair. The Indian problem is no nearer The Next Steps solution today than it was ten years ago. The red man has been tied up too much by the red-tape By W. A. PETZOLDT, Lodge Grass, Montana of the white man. The Indian problem will only be satisfactorily solved by the Indians themselves T HESE are no days for prophecy. Not a and not by a benevolent bureaucracy at Washing- statesman in the world has a worq of hope ton. The Indian must be helped less and per- on his lips. The future seems more kaleido- mitted to help himself more. The future will scopic than ever. At such a time as this prophecy record the evanescence of the Indian Office at seems almost a gratuitous form of folly. Yet Washington and the dawning of a better day for there is a tomorrow, that is our hope. the Indian.

Our country has been infected by the hysteria Indianism will give way to Americanism. Less. of government sweeping over the world. Mighty stress will be placed on "the American Indian" things arehappeiling' in every land and on everY and more on the Indian American. The adjective and the noun 'Will change places. It is not so im-

portant that they shall be held up as "the original Southwest, it will be a long time before this will American" as that they themselves shall have the be possible, perhaps a few generations. But in opportunity to evaluate and emphasize American the big sweep the country over, especially on the citizenship, under the same status and laws as reservations where children from both the Indian other citizenship groups. Aside from a few of and white groups attend the public schools this the smaller tribes and uneducated Indians they will be the coming program. Isolation will be less should no longer be held as "wards of the Federal and less possible for the Indian and less and less Government. " desirable. Of necessity he will need to adjust him- The Indian of the old ways and days is passing self to the changing time.

out of the picture. The buffalo cannot be hunted The Indian has shown fine capacities in many with an automobile. The radio is displacing the things. He has some high qualities for citizen- tom-tom. The strong encouragement of the In- ship, because this was his country before it was dian Office to revive the old customs does not fit ours. He has some outstanding character quali- the present-day need. The war-bonnet mood is ties. As a Christian he has shown a fine aptitude not in harmony with the modern mode. The aver- in and appreciation of the Christian life. He is age rodeo parade is not headed in the direction of a great giver. He can outdistance most of us in progress for the Indians who participate in it. prayer. His faith is childlike. Once he is severed Education and the reviving of the old customs are from political dominance, once he gets into stride adverse to each other; each in very essence is for himself, he will build for stronger citizenship opposed to the other. They are beginning to see and for more efficient Christian service. In the the fallacy of this Washingtonized policy and are coming days he will not disappoint his friends.

getting away from its blighting influence.

The Church and the Indian The Indian Office at Washington has done many fine things. It may have been a good kindergarten for the Indians, it will never be a finishing school. By REV. G. A. WATERMULDER, The Indian of the future will not live under a Winnebago, Nebraska politician's wand. He will "scratch gravel for a V living" along with the rest of the Anglo-Saxons- ERY recently Dr. Anson Phelps Stokes wrote: "Until the American people successand like it! He will be a citizen without crutches. fully fulfill their obligations to the Amer- The war-bonnet will be in his pageants and fine traditions but the responsibilities of Christian ican Indians, they have failed to demonstrate their citizenship will be his chief concern. He will be ability to deal with the earliest and one of the thinking of the next election but he will also be most important minority groups of the American thinking of the next generation. Democracy."

The Indians of the future will seek self-support It is, thus, most encouraging to discover a new as a goal in their churches. For some groups this interest in the American Indian and to find peo- will be a long time in realization, but it will be ple willing to study the reasons why this phase of encouraged as an objective. Very few Indian our domestic mission work has been so difficult churches have ever contributed toward the sal- and so batHing. Mission Boards are asking, "When aries of their missionaries for the reason they will our Indian work become self-supporting?"

have never been expected to. No wonder that, in This is a reasonable question. It should bring us turn, so few of the Indian young men are studying great concern, and lead us to reappraise our many for the ministry. No Christian group can amount missionary enterprises in Indian fields.

to much until they become minister-supporting There are a number of reasons but let me em- conscious to the extent of their ability. phasize only two: The Indians will provide their own Christian First, let it be emphatically restated that the leadership. All any missionary can do is to in- Indian occupies a most peculiar position in our troduce a tribe to Jesus Christ. It is up to them American life. He is our "unique minority." He to become better acquainted. It is up to them to belongs to a most unfortunate primitive race in provide their own ministers and lay leaders. Very the midst of a conquering European-American little encouragement has been given the Indians civilization. He has been ruthlessly fought along this line. Of course, there have been some against, buffeted, exploited. He has been forced notable exceptions, particularly in two denomina- to change abode again and again, and finally cor- tions, but they have only revealed the splendid ralled on Reserves, where he has been almost com- capacity for spiritual leadership inherent in the pletely paternalized. He is still a ward of a gov- Indian groups. The Indian churches should be ernment which has had no continuous policy, Indian manned~and they will be in the future. changing with every change of administration.

The Indian churches will gpadually merge with The mental attitude thus produced is most serious.

the white churches. In some sections, as in the A subsidized people will have ,subsidized churches.

THE OUTLOOK FOR THE AMERICAN INDIAN

A dependent people cannot develop responsibility. unknown. Sometimes men have been sent for Witness the demoralizing effects of our present re- whom it was difficult to find a suitable place elselief system on thousands of our population. What where. We still have no special pre-service trainwould other races under similar conditions do? ing, nor to my knowledge, has in-service training Imagine what the result would be, should our been provided-often only such as the confused, relief policy continue over a period of 50 to 100 perplexed and often defeated lonely missionary years of frustration and defeat. finds out for himself. Will God miraculously supply the lack? Are not leaders trained through It is interesting to speCUlate what the results preparation including participation, under caremight have been had the Indian, like the Negro ful leadership? Under such training a Reservain the United States, been a free man, standing on tion becomes a social laboratory, and the job a his own feet and working out his salvation under fascination. Christian direction. We often hear it said, "It is only a small tribe." The second reason follows the first, namely, that But size does not change the situation. A small we have not adequately understood the Indians. nation has all the racial problems of a larger na- We, Europeans, have tried to make them Euro- tion, and generally is in greater jeopardy. This pean-Americans. Yet the Indian type persists. does not lessen the need for careful preparation. We have often failed to understand their basic aboriginal culture. We have so often approached Yet, in spite of all the handicaps, it should be our Indian problem as we would the problem of remembered that we have a goodly number of Inour own race. And the Indian has thus in so dian people who are occupying positions of trust many instances, not understood us. We have been and responsibility in the professions, in offices, forcing him to change his entire course of life. in shops, in the government and mission service. As this can come only by a slow process through They have risen above the common level on the many years under favorable conditions, our ap- Reservations through outside influences, largely proaches to this difficult problem often reveal through the Christian Church. our limitations and our lack of preparation for the task. In making this statement we are in no sense We believe however that a new day has begun forgetting the splendid work of men and women to dawn. Both the Church and the government of God, nor the creative energy of the Spirit of are facing the problems with deeper and clearer God and the power of the Gospel. But Jesus, in understanding. Any temporary resurgence of all His contacts with different types of people, paganism, or humanistic philosophies, will not "Knew what was in man." ultimately prevail. Some one has said, "Nothing contrary to the ideals of Jesus can permanently It is still true today. We still have no mission endure." If we are true to our mission, and in the boards that prepare their missionaries for Indian Name of Christ approach our problem, the Ameriservice. Leadership training in Indian work is can Indian will be set free.

THEY HAVE KIDNAPPED YOUR DAUGHTER!

Tshilomba Esther is a soldier's wife. Mbuyu, the oldest of their four children, is a pretty twelve-year-old girl. While Tshilomba was beating her cassava in her mortar a friend came running and calling: "They have kidnapped your daughter. The priest came and carried her away in his car to baptize her and put her into the Roman Catholic boarding schooL"

Tshilomba .threw down her pestle, screamed to Tshiame, a Christian friend, "Take care of my baby until I come back" and went off like the wind. She ran breathlessly, but fearless- ly, right into the priest's house, three miles away.

"Why did you run away with my daughter? Are you trying to baptize her?"

"N0, .I am only examining her for baptism."

"Well, I am a baptized Protestant. My husband is a baptized Protestant Christian. Mbu- yu, my daughter, was baptized in infancy. You are not to touch her."

With that, Tshilomba Esther, filled with righteous indignation, grabbed her daughter out of the hands of the priest and ran back home.

It was a courageous thing for a native woman heroically to face and oppose the power of the Roman Catholic Church and a white priest. Her husband, Benjamin, is a Christian, but like many missionaries he outmarried himself. Neither our evangelist nor his wife, Disanka, are allowed to enter the soldier's camp, so Esther reads the Bible to the women in the camp. They have served the government for five years and still have two more. They have now been transferred to Luebo, to the soldier's camp there. Pray for them and for Mbuyu that she may grow into a happy and useful Christian. PLUMER SMITH, Mutoto, Congo Belge.

Christian Attitude To Hinduism*

By the REV. J. F. EDWARDS Principal, United Theological College of Western India THERE is probably no other religion in the India's agelong faiths we shall be guided by that world so elastic in the use of basic terms as same indwelling Spirit of Truth. Hinduism. As a competent writer in The Indian Messenger (the Brahmo Samaj weekly of The Hindu Heritage of Indian Christians Calcutta) points out: "During recent years, three The Rev. D. A. Yardi says that the Indian different interpretations have been put on the Christian is in danger of forgetting "the rich and word 'Hindu.' They are: (1) All born in Hindu- the valuable heritage that belongs to him and stan are Hindus. (2) All who profess any of the which has come down through the ages. There religions born in India are Hindus. And (3) the is a great deal that the Indian Christian is heir to, popular or rather the specific meaning of the word besides that with which the Eastern and the West- 'Hindu' is . . .: one who believes in the system ern Churches have endowed him. He must not of caste, and es'pecially in more than one god, in- forget his Hindu heritage. Free from the dross cluding worship of idols, is a Hindu." But even of idolatry and superstition, and its false and mis- three interpretations do not exhaust the possibili- leading ideas of God, free from the taint of caste ties as more than sixty definitions have been given and intolerance, a great deal still remains: there in recent years of a "Hindu." But many people is a devotion, a s'aintliness and a self-sacrifice are called "Christians" who in no sense fulfil the worthy of his most serious consideration. There New Testament definition of a Christian. is also a great deal in its literature which cannot In any comparison between the principles of be lightly cast aside. India has its own peculiar Hinduism and the religion of Jesus we must al- contribution still to make to Christianity. This ways avoid "that irritating method, as unscientific has already been made by some of its saints like as it is ungenerous, which selects the worst in one Sadhu Sundar Singh and Pandita Ramabai who religion and contrasts it with the best in another." shine out like two great lights in the galaxy of We need to remind ourselves that it is the incom- saints which India has produced. What the Inparable Jesus Christ Himself that we have to pre- dian Church will be, when this contribution has sent to India, and never the Western civilization been fully assimilated in the light of the Gospel which so denies Him, nor the Christian Church of Jesus Christ and of the Cross, it is hard to say, until it is much more like Him. Our aim is always but that it will mean a richer heritage, both for to bring people to Jesus; and if we fix attention the East as well as the West, we cannot doubt." either on so-called "Christian civilization," or on Weare sure Mr. Yardi has expressed the true the divided "Christian" Church, this will obscure Christian attitude. the main issue. Nor must we so twist things as to make Jesus and the great sages in Hinduism That Hinduism is inadequate for the deepest say the same thing. One great service these sages needs of the human spirit must be clear to the have rendered is that by following out to the very most generous interpreter of Hindu teaching. end their own chosen path, whether it be the Gandhi is often quoted as the greatest living em- Dnyiin Marga, the Karma Marga or the Bhakti bodiment of Hindu ideals, but Gandhi's remark- Marga, they have made the discovery that none able candor about his. own inner life enables the of these lead India to the desired goal. There are dispassionate student of Hinduism to realize the many things they can teach us and we shall con- limitations of its ministry to the deepest needs of clude, as we seek to lead India to the incomparable the heart. Last April Mr. Gandhi published the Saviour, that there is nothing really good and following confession: "For causes, some of which beautiful in the religious heritage of India that I know and some I do not, for the first time in my need be lost, for the Spirit of Truth can use all public and private life I seem to have lost selfthat is good. And in the saered task of preserv- confidence. I seem to have detected a flaw in me ing, purifying and consecrating what is useful in which is unworthy ofa votary of truth and ahimsa. I am going through a process of self- introspection, the results of which I cannot fore- • From Dnyanodaya. see. I find myself, for the first time during the [508 ] past fifty years, in a slough of despond. . . . It is love Him above all things, the blood He shed so purely internal. It comes from within." freely for me and the wicked world. That is pre- cious, indeed, and who will not love Him for its Again in the Harijan for July 23, Gandhi writes sake1 Amen." frankly: "I have not acquired that control over my thoughts that I need for my researches in non- While there are parts of India concerning which violence. If my non-violence is to be contagious many know persecution to be such that this prayer and infectious, I must acquire greater control over could still be offered, yet on the whole events in my thoughts. There is perhaps a flaw somewhere. recent years have ,shown a definite increase in In- . . . But I entertain the hope that the darkness dian tolerance towards the true Christian convert. will disa;ppear. . . . I am praying for the light We are not half as anxious about religious perthat will dispel the darkness." secution which is sure to purify the Christian Church, as we are that all we missionaries and Hindus Losing Ground Indian Christians shall be worthy of the name of Christ. In an article in The Mahratta criticizing Gandhi's methods, that well-known Hindu of Bombay, A Missionary's Conversions Mr. L. R. Tairsee wrote the following: "The figures given below indicate that the Hindus as a In the July issue of the National Christian community are deteriorating in numbers. Be- Council Review, the Rev. Alexander McLeish had tween 1891 and 1931, the total popUlation of India an informing article entitled "North India Reincreased by 22 per cent in 40 years. But the per- visited." He said: "We have made many miscentage of increase of Hindus was 15 per cent and takes in our zeal to hasten the growth of the hence they lost 7 per cent in population, while the Church, and may now learn from experience to Moslems increased by 35 per cent and gained 13 trust the Spirit in the Churches." Mr. McLeish per cent. As against the general average of in- then goes on as follows: "In regard to this and crease the Hindu numerical strength is lower by other problems, a missionary today in India is 7 per cent; while all other communities have in- faced with a difficult task. He requires to have creased: Moslems by 35 per cent, Christians by what I would describe as three conversions. There 145, Sikhs 127, and Buddhists 79. The comparison is first the conversion which brings him out to of population between 1891 and 1931 shows that India, and the more definite and distinct an exthe Hindus alone are losing their numerical perience it has been, the better will he be able to ground." lead others to Christ. In other words, he must have the gift of an evangelist. There is, however, Are Christians Gaining Ground? a second conversion and that is the ability to see everything from the inside, to feel and understand At the present time Christians are said to be the pulse of the new society he has entered; to increasing in India at the rate of about twenty see his task from the indigenous viewpoint. This thousand a month. Our impression is that this is is a real conversion, and there are those who have not far wide of the mark. It is our growing con- passed through it, and those who have not. It viction that the Christian Church in India can makes every problem and question appear quite only regard itself as succeeding when its, members different from what it normally would. There is are increasingly like the pattern of daily life and also a third conversion, one peculiarly needed, and character and unselfish service seen in the example that is a 'conversion to the spirit of the lowly Jesus of Jesus Christ. in all our dealings with our Indian brethren. If there is a second mile to go, the missionary must Keshub Chandra Sen, the centenary of whose traverse it: if it is necessary to forgive a brother birth (Nov. 18, 1838) was recently celebrated, seventy times seven, it is the missionary who must prayed on one occasion: "My countrymen tell me, be prepared to make the last act of forgiveness. 'Learn of Me; for I am meek and lowly in heart.' o God, that if I love Christ they will no longer This is the only spirit which will win India, and it is vital for every missionary to put on this garextend to me the right hand of fellowship, and ment of lowliness in all sincerity. Shall we conwill persecute me and hate me as an outcaste and fess that we Westerners have signally failed here, an alien. Father, am I to blame for having loved and that this is the step most needed in order to Christ? Hast Thou not taught me to love Him establish the fellowship with Christ in India, tenderly as my brother, as Thy beloved son? Fa- against which nothing can prevail 1" ther, teach my countrymen to believe that where Thou art, Thy blessed and holy child is sure to be, sooner or later, in spirit, if not in name. There is one thing in sweet Jesus, which teaches me to

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MISS GRACE W. MCGAvRAN, 5718 OAK AVE., INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA The Stewardship of Money esting result is an $8.50 aver- tributes more than half again as age per member. much in thankoffering as in en- We have said a good deal in these pages during the past few For a society of 30 members, velopes, that fact needs to be months about the use of time, six of whom are life members mentioned and reckoned on as and talent, and energy, and so with an annual fee of $2.00, that the pledges for envelopes are forth. We propose to say some makes an asking of $255. things about the stewardship of made. money in this month's pages. The budget, or plan of giving The line-up for pledges to be Money is an essential medium lines itself up somewhat as folof exchange. We often find lows: contributed in envelopes monthly churches apologetic about finan- is interesting. It is clearly based cial matters. Why so? No sane Fees (for the six life mem- $12.00 on a supposition that there will person would attempt to set up bers) ……………… . 25.00 be proportionate giving rather a household without having some 80.00 money to pay bills and to secure One new life member ….. . than a set amount of "dues." the exchange of that which he Thankofferings ……….. . 133.80 Notice that while there is one is able to offer for that which his Envelopes: 3.00 person able to give $2.00 a family needs. 7.00 month, only three are listed as One member at $2.00 There are many angles from a month …….. $24.00 being able to give no more than which stewardship is approached 5 cents a month. Notice also by those churches and organiza- Four members at that the gifts of the three have tions carrying on a successfully $1.00 a month '" 48.00 satisfying experience. We shall as honorable a place in the review some of them for you Five members at 50 budget as that of the one. This here. cents a month … 30.00 type of budgeting proportion- Eight members at ately has been used successfully 25 cents a month 24.00 in many groups. The number Five members at 10 able to contribute at the differ- cents a month … 6.00 ent amount-levels differs radi- cally. One must feel one's way Three members at 5 cents a month .. 1.80 Collections …………… . Donations …………… . to a wise distribution. A Missionary Budget Total …………… $260. 80 Collections are small. Evi- Gets Results Expenses ……….. 4. 00 dently the group relies little on Please do not limit the term Sent to headquarters …… $256.80 miscellaneous collections. But "results" to the amount of experience has shown them that money raised. Among the most Let us examine the budget a such collections have a place, important results of a budget little. The life members whose just the same. Donations, by plan is the satisfaction of giving annual fee is $2.00 represent which the gifts of those unable in orderly fashion and of know- intelligent work at enlisting that or unwilling to make a pledge ing where the sources of funds type of membership in the past. are usually meant, come to an lie so that energy need be ex- The one new life member sug- amount which is decided on by pended at specific times and in gests that the effort to secure past years' experience. specific directions only. But to that type of membership is con- We look with envious eye at consider the money end. sidered worth making and that the small item of $4.00 for ex- A budget is a plan of giving. the group is certain enough of penses. There is a society which Mrs. Beatrice Thompson, in The being able to secure it, to place is paying for its good times and Missionary Monthly, of Toronto, the life-membership fee in the its other activities on the side. writes about a type of budget budget. It may have another budget for which is very useful. Its basic The amount for thankoffer- local charities. This budget is objective is found by dividing ings is unusually large. It must sacred to its objective for dis- the amount of money given by be based on past experience. patch to headquarters. And it all auxiliaries of the denomina- Possibly there is a group outside has not, we further note, kept tion by the number of auxiliary the membership of thirty which for its other worthy activities, members to secure the average contributes at special times. If the $1.80 by which it has ex- giving per member. The inter- not, and the membership con- ceeded its aim.

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EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

A budget such as this is pos- rent opinion that, to which most care of. The visitor dropped a sible in any group. It may con- of us will agree. Yet waste ma- coin into the chest. tain only a few of the items men- terials often have a sales value. tioned here. But it is a measured Stray pennies! Stray dimes! plan. It faces squarely the pos- A reader of these pages writes, Stray dollars! Given on an imsible sources of income and it "One interesting project of one pulse because there was an opknows just where its energies of. our leper mission supporters portunity and an urge to do so! must be placed in reaching its in New Jersey is that of saving aims. If, for instance, one ex- tin foil. She saves and sells it, Another example of the same pected item fails, a brand-new by the ton, and last year brought sort of giving comes from the source of income may need to be in about $500 from the sale of American Mission to Lepers. tapped, unless reasonable in- it." "A woman in Alexandria, Vircrease of some other item will ginia, has pig banks (pig banks bring up the amount. Of course no woman had $500 are used all over this country worth of tin foil in her own for collections for leper work, on Mrs. Thompson stresses the home! To gather it by the ton account of the small boy who need of quarterly remittance. must take enthusiasm and or- raised a pig in order to be able Many a society falls short of ganization. When you interest to help out with the work. His what it desires to do by exactly a Sunday school class in saving story goes with the pig bank to the amount that it fell short of tin foil you may get tin foil from any group using it) in many of reaching one quarter of its aim every neighborhood in which a at the end of the first three child from that class is living. the stores, banks, etc., and sends months. The greater the amount col- fine offerings from there." lected, the greater will be the Such a budget plan is not only interest in the project. We often find boxes for varifor the officers. It is for every ous charities in banks, restaumember, to study, to discuss, to Tin foil is not the only thing rants, and other public places. approve, to determine her own being "wasted" in our country. share in. Such a budget plan Find out what of the many kinds Many people who do not have gets results. of things being thrown away by truckloads by members of your any connection with organiza- The Gift at the Altar community have a sales value. tions making regular gifts do Think over the possibility of contribute through these means. Bring thy gift to the altar; converting waste into money for Many people making regular But, ere thou lay it there, anything from regular mission- contributions elsewhere are glad ary funds to China Famine to do something more in this Look on the whited harvest fields Relief, Leper Missions, Daily way. There are several rea- And bend thy thoughts in Vacation Church Schools for sons for the latter fact. One is prayer. underprivileged and unreached that unless one wishes to receive children, or a hundred other a constant stream of requests What is this thou art bringing uses for which we wish we had for more money through the To lay before thy King? more funds available. mail it is absolutely fatal to send even a check for a dollar to any Thy precious alabaster box, Stray Pennies Build organization depending for its Or some uncared-for thing? Monuments funds on public support. One may be quite willing and anxious Bring thy gift to the altar. Some years ago a visitor to to do something for, say, a fresh- Withhold not any part, the great cathedral which is in air fund, but be quite unable to process of building, in New support it regularly in addition Will He who gave His all for York City, found before her, as to other things. One may be thee she walked through the part of willing and eager to give to the building already open, a Not look to find thy heart great chart of the floor plan of China Famine Relief, but not the rest of the building. It was enjoy the frequent appeals for Laid down with prayer and of- labeled "The Pilgrim Pave- a repetition of one's gift.Fur- fering ment." Blocks of it were col- thermore, when one has one's ored. Other blocks were blank. purse in hand and giving re- For Him to take and bless, Beneath it was a chest for offer- quires no more exertion than to Ere He can multiply its power ings. The idea was that the drop in a coin, it is one thing. pavement or floor of the cathe- When it means getting a re- In Kingdom usefulness? dral should be paid for by the sponse into the mail in the form donations of those who came, as of a check or a registered letter Bring thy gift to the altar; pilgrims come, to see a spot of it is another. But, ere thou leave it there, religious significance and to wor- ship for a moment within its In planning to secure dona- Look on the waiting harvest walls. The colored blocks on the tions through boxes in public fields chart were floor spaces whose places certain rules must be ob- expense was already thus taken served. First, the cause must And pledge thyself to care. have a universal appeal. The Baptists would not put out boxes * CATHERINE CULNAN. to secure funds for the living- link missionary of their local Save Instead of Wasting America is the most wasteful nation in the world! A cur- * In The Missionary Monthly, Toronto, Canada.

church. The Disciples would would like a chance to contribute. day." A few years ago one de- not attempt to gather funds for Some members who refuse to nomination urged and promoted their Daily Vacation Church pledge, want to do their share sacrificial luncheons for its wom- School held on a strictly denom- through the collection. It is the en's groups. All the appointinational basis. But, a commu- way they like to give. ments of an elaborate luncheon nity Vacation School, an inter- Stray pennies! Stray dollars! were present on such occasions denominational enterprise like Gather them in and let them be- -except the food. A glass of China Relief, Fresh Air Camp come an added strength to the water at each place was all that Fund for a neighboring city's work for which you are giving was served. The program was underprivileged children, the your planned and measured de- carefully planned to make a real Mission to Lepers, and other votion. spiritual contribution to the similar enterprises are quite Our Standard of Living guests. The price of the lunchwell-known and therefore will eon was usually exactly that of not be questioned. There stands between the real luncheons under similar Second, permission to put the American Christian and Christ- circumstances. boxes must be secured from the like living in America, one stum- Two types of women attended. per.son in charge of each place. bling block among others about The first and larger group were Put boxes only where they are which we may do well to think. willing to know hunger for a few gladly given space and a prom- It is the idea encompassed in the hours, touching no food until the words, our standard of living. next meal hour and then eating inent place. Let us illustrate the point. only what they would have eaten Third, empty boxes frequently. During the recent depression a ordinarily. They were those The almsboxes in great cathe- widow in one congregation was who were willing for a time to drals are of metal and fastened enter into the heritage of hunger in place with chain and lock, yet left with five small children. The that too many know, so that the one is told that thefts are not father in that home – a Chris- actual savings gained by their infrequent. tian home – was gone. The self-denial should feed others. church, one of whose theoretical Fourth, do not keep them in cares is the building of Chris- The second type fortified themunfruitful localities. If the box tian family life, saw nothing to selves with food before attendin the local bank brings in few do but to let that home be broken ing the luncheon. They were contributions, take it away. If up. Three fine little fellows seen eating in various places all the same box in a restaurant heart-broken, were sent to an afternoon. They consumed a secures donations, double the orphanage and the mother was heavy meal in the evening on the number of restaurants in which left to struggle along trying to ground of having had no lunchyou have boxes. In other words, support herself and her two eon. They were of those unable let the public see boxes only in small girls. to hunger that others might be situations where they also see fed. They were of those who contributions being placed in A congregation of three hun- could not for one brief period them. A glass container in dred adults could not lower its lower their standard of comfort which people can see that other standard of living enough to to serve a hungry world. people have contributed dimes keep that family intact. and nickles as well as pennies That same principle applies to will help set the standard of We, as a people, rise to an the woman whose home is clutgiving. emergency pretty well. In a tered up with expensive best- burst of generosity we do with- sellers which she reads once and Fifth, keep accounts carefully out some lUXUry to serve a cause. never again. Whose purse opens and report to a local organiza- But our standard of living is readily to the call of her desire tion if possible, even if for in- sacred. How many of us will to see that latest play or movie. formation only. It is sometimes lower it, even for a week, to Whose luxuries become necessibetter for two people to handle care for human need? We have ties, part of an inviolable standsuch an enterprise than for just to have our balanced diet-with ard of living, which she is not one to do it. Let no suspicion the least trouble. Yet we know willing to lower. arise that funds collected thus that a balanced diet can be sefrom the public are not being cured on a fourth of what we "Feed my sheep!" speedily and regularly and en- spend for food. That type of "I will, Lord, with the pennies tirely sent to the cause for which food, however, does not conform left over after my standard of they are given. to our standard of living. We living has been served with my dare not lower ourselves, even dollars." Allied to this matter of col- to raise others. lections from the general public I Am a Steward: is the taking of collections with- Jesus said something about in the organization. Even where the one being greatest who gives Of God-given talents.-Mat. 25: 14-29. one thinks the members are the greatest service. pledged to the limit, there is Of God's revealed law.-Rom. 3: 1-4. often a willingness and a desire "But, Lord, we can't lower our to make a spontaneous offering standard of living to serve!" Of the Gospel.-1 Corinthians 4: 1-5. of a little more. Guests often Part of our standard of living Of Christ's Grace.-1 Peter 4: 7-11. involves "three square meals a -Rev. T. M. Stevenson, Craigs- ville, Va.

BULLETIN

Council of Women for Home Missions EDITED BY MISS EDITH E. LOWRY, 297 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y.

Youth Prays for Peace It is you who belong to Jesus to carry to all worshippers. the By GRACE NOLL CROWELL Christ. Before belonging to any message that Christ gave when national family or individual He instituted the breaking of the Lord, we are the youth of every land today family whom you love in the bread in His name. Communion Lord, you belong to the Lord services were held at different Pleading for peace; times during the day, so that all Weare the ones who will be sacrificed Himself. You belong to Him for might share in their own form justice, truth, obedience, love. Unless wars cease; Weare the ones elected, Lord, to pay You belong to Him to make sac- of celebration. As was said, A price too high. You gave' us life, and it is not your rifices, to be cheated in this "the real miracle is that Christ world, where you must expect no comes to our divided commu- will return when you follow the law nions as host. He takes our di- That we should die. Open the blind eyes of our leaders, of the Kingdom, since it is you, vided bread and blesses and Lord, the pioneers, who are His that In every land; you may take the bread from breaks and gives. It is His gra- Open their hearts and minds and your own mouth that others may cious custom."

make them wise On Monday following these To understand have bread, and who are His for various communion services all That war is sad, and horrible, and wrong, suffering and for victory. You hearts echoed the prayer of the Negro speaker when in simplic- And useless quite; are His holy nation, bound by the ity there came from his lips the That we, the clean, strong Youth of strongest of ties: a blood rela- earth, tion of the Spirit. One nation! heart cry, "Forgive us Lord, Have the good right Do not say then, 'there are not forgive us, Lord, forgive us. To life and love and happiness and very many of us.' The first were peace. a bare twelve. Listen to the That we, who call Thee Lord, We would not be revelation of the Master: '1 am cannot yet meet Thee at a com- mon table. Forgive us, Lord, Killers of men-we want to walk the the bread of life.' Listen to the forgive us." A long period of earth Clean-handed, free Master's command: 'Give ye silence followed this prayer. In From war with all its horrors, lust, them to eat.' Only, young peo- and greed, this deep penitence lies the secret ple of the world, listen also to of the way to unity. Its dark despair. the warning of the prophet: It was a great adventure, our Lord, may there never be another 'There is nothing to be done with fellowship at Amsterdam. The war- This is our prayer. men who have not conquered Bible received a new place of -From "The Epworth gold.' " Highroad." importance in the eyes of those Thus was youth again brought who daily studied its pages to- face to face with the fact that gether. The Church became to Christus Victor the Christian race is not an easy many no longer a local parish, (Conclusion of the Report on the task lightly to be thought of, but but the fellowship of churches A.m.sterdam Youth Conference) one that requires all one has to which is called Christendom, a Perhaps one of the most stir- give and a willingness to place Christendom which embraces all ring messages. addressed to youth first things first. nations and all creeds and which at the conference were the clos- Perhaps, too, youth found its is dominated by the spirit of ing words of Pastor Elie Laurial greatest sense of unity in the Christ. And in the hearts of of France in his address "Give communion service conducted in youth there was born a desire to us this day our daily bread." Nieuwe Kerk using the Dutch prepare themselves for the gift Said he, "We often dream of a Reformed communion service. that will some day come to our sudden start of salvation which While this form of service was world. Stretching out their would bring together, in one entirely foreign to many dele- hands in common prayer toward single will, all the honest people gates, the gathering together, "Christus Victor" new hopes of the world. But what can be 100 at each sitting, about the were born, for youth found there done outside of Jesus Christ? It long spread table, of those whose the Source that bound them tois you who are our hope. You are confession permitted them to gether in their common underthose of whom we are dreaming. participate in this service, served taking.

[513 ]

And now we have gone again Thanksgiving and recreational activities and to the four corners of the earth, scout-work. Just as important each with a better conception of Doubtless, the majority of us is the personal friendship and the meaning of Christ's words- instinctively think of Thanks- counsel offered to individuals "That they all may be one" but giving when November rolls faced with difficult adjustment also with the great commission around. We consider it a pecu- problems. The Directors often entrusted to us to demonstrate liarly American celebration and, visit the home communities of in our own sphere the meaning in truth, it is even more Amer- the students during vacation. No of "Amsterdam." Only with an ican than we realize for Indian- one can measure the far-reachopen "Book" and the "Spirit" Americans 0 b s e r v e d special ing influence of our religious can youth walk the long, hard times of thanksgiving. They, program in which denominations road which calls for the daily however, were not content with cooperate. practiee of brotherhood in a day one Thanksgiving Day, they had of world conflict, conscious of the eight, for various crops and Gifts from the Indian Girl fact that a world Christian com- special times of gratitude to the munity is the ultimate goal. Great Spirit. It is very possible The gift of restfulness I bring to you, that the idea for what we term And quiet strength of character By means of regional confer- "the first Thanksgiving" did not ences in each state, the ma- originate with our Pilgrim fore- The gift of folk-lore, nature-lore, and chinery for which was set in mo- fathers but was borrowed from love tion at Amsterdam, it is hoped the friendly Indians who conthat the Ams,terdam ideal will be tributed so much to the well- Of all that nature holds I bring to brought to American youth. being of those early settlers. thee. Perhaps no greater benefit could come to any community than the Unfortunately, there was a The mystery of the singing waterfall, impact of the "Amsterdam long period of our history when The secrets of the trees, the talk of spirit" at a time when feelings the white people seemed to forare bound to demonstrate them- get the many friendly deeds of birds, selves in outbursts of hatred and the Indians during the white All are the right and heritage of her misunderstanding am 0 n g na- man's time of need. Fortu- Who owns the Redman as her antional groups in local communi- nately, we are now realizingties. We have only to recall the almost too late! – that the ab- cestor. intense hatreds ensuing from origines with a civilization far This gift is rare and fragrant–let it the last war to visualize what older than ours, had many conwill happen again unless Chris- tributions to make, some of rise tians courageously and actively which we ignored to our sorrow. As incense, as I lay it at your feet. demonstrate justice and goodwill, work for it, sacrifice for it, Thanksgiving is a time of I bring a gift so rare and seldom and pray for it. feasting. This year, when we found sit down to well supplied tables, In a day therefore filled with let us remember that for many I almost tremble at my mission here– paralyzing fear, "Amsterdam" of our foods, we are indebted to The gift of understanding, between sends out its ray of cheer, for its the native Americans. message is one of hope that those "Christus Victor" is not an ideal While feeling grateful for the Who come from different races, difto be longed for, but a goal that gifts of the Indians, let us recan be attained by our striving. member the hundreds of young ferent homes, Nor can that striving be without Indian students whose lives are Whose faces, even, are a different hue. great sacrifice. As Christ drank touched by Christian influence The Indian girl, with understanding his bitter cup, so must youth also through our interdenominational be prepared to accept its Geth- religious work maintained in heart, semane for the powers of dark- five government Indian schools, Can bridge the chasm as few others ness are even now warring one each in Oregon, California, against the powers of Light. New Mexico, Kansas and South dare– But Christ's voice is. still heard. Dakota. We all have a share in Can bridge it as those do who really "Fear not little flock for I have this work through our Boards overcome the world." Christus and by our contributions on the care. Victor! That is the message of World Day of Prayer. No one Amsterdam! And Christian Board can reach young Indians The Indian girl inherits from the past youth from seventy-one nations of so many types, from the most A deep religious impulse, longings are carrying it back to their primitive to those who seem homelands bound together by just like any other young peo- deep ties of friendship and better ple, as by our cooperative ap- To know the real significance of life– understanding, the gift of "Am- proach, we can reach through sterdam." our Religious Education pro- (These lines were written by Miss Dorothy gram. The Directors conduct Cate in 1924 while she was serving as JULIA HEINZ. classes in religious subjects, hold Y. W. C. A. Secretary among Indian girls.) Sunday services, share in social Items of Interest A capable and well-trained young Indian, Agnes Allen, at- tended the Youth Conference in Amsterdam, reported in this issue, as the representative of her race and has been giving in- teresting reports.

An unusual Conference on In- dians was held in Toronto, Can- ada, September 4-16, with dele- gates representing the govern- ment, mission and sociology groups of the United States and Canada. This was the first con- ference of its kind and was so valuable that the group resolved to meet again.

World–wide

A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO • p.

NORTH AMERICA "Brotherly relations between and staunch Christian, was edi- "Bowl of Rice" Parties the churches must be main- tor of the Times until his recent tained"-says the memorandum retirement. -Baptist Missionary The second annual series of -in spite of "pressure of censor- Review. "Bowl of Rice" parties, for the ship, of official propaganda, and benefit of sufferers in China, of the whole system of psycho- Presbyterian Gains were held in many parts of the logical mobilization."

United States during the last Preaching should not "create Annual statistics made public part of October. All the funds received, without deduction for hatred of other nations," and by the Presbyterian General Asany expenses, were turned over prayer ought not to "degenerate sembly on August 19 show an to the American Bureau for increase during the past year of Medical Aid to China. As a into a means of national propapart of the plan, a "China Day" ganda." The report asserts also: 24,361 communicant members, was arranged at the New York making the total communicant World's Fair on October 10, "It is the duty of the churches membership now 1,978,095. China's Independence Day. to disentangle patriotism and These figures are based solely religion. . . . God alone is abso- on the number of communicants lute, and He only has a claim to remaining in full standing, ac- our unconditional loyalty."

The "Bowl of Rice" party has The Bible and a Newspaper cording to the strict rules of the become, in the minds of thou- church relating to membership sands of Americans, not only a ANew i York pastor was so and not on the number of bapreminder of the needs of China's impressed by the frequency, ac- tized members, nor on the Preshomeless war victims, but the curacy and aptness of the Bibli- byterian population. T his symbol of America's sympathy. cal quotations in the New York broader constituency is esti- It has proved to be a simple, Times that he noted the follow- mated to be 5,000,000. There is workable means for communi- ing facts about the editorials also an increase over last year ties, clubs, churches, social or- that appeared during one calen- in the Sunday schools of 11,847. ganizations, fraternal orders- dar year: Four hundred and Contributions showed no appregroups of every kind, with a sixty-six Biblical verses, phrases ciable change, while per capita hundred different interests – to and allusions appeared in 367 giving stood at $20.65. unite in a fund-raising effort. editorials spread over 262 days. These parties take the form of Forty-seven books of the Bible Rebuilding Neglected Work teas, dinners, street bazaars, etc. furnished these quotations. Most of the church gatherings Many years ago Methodism are dinners, with speakers on Twenty-two editorial titles re- was the strongest religious China. flected scriptural influence, and movement in the Ozark Moun- four editorials were devoted ex- tain region. Scores of preaching Now That War Has Come clusively to the English Bible. places were manned by itinerant Some editorials held as many as preachers on circuits, but as the The Provisional Committee of four references. years passed many of these the World Council of Churches "A very present help in time places were abandoned and the has issued a memorandum to all of trouble" appeared six times, buildings were either sold to communions and also to national and the parable of the Good Sa- other denominations or fell into governments, suggesting the at- maritan came to the editors' help decay. Now, new efforts are be- ing made to rebuild the work so titude of churches everywhere nine times. during war. This document was These Scripture quotations long neglected. Some preaching prepared by a Board of Strategy gave point to editorials dealing places have been reopened and of thirty-five Christian leaders with sociology, science, educa- congregations encouraged to refrom eleven nations who met in tion, finance, industry, literature, assemble. A new spirit is manicentral Europe this summer on art, philosophy and philan- fest, but because these groups the invitation of the Interna- thropy. Perhaps it is not too cannot support a pastor the tional Justice and Goodwill De- much to say that this can be ac- work must be purely missionary. partment of the Federal Council counted for by the fact that Dr. A case in point is that of a John H. Finley, Bible student little land-locked community of of Churches.

[515 ]

Missouri, 30 miles from a rail- brownstone building on West Texas and Arizona. Those who road or paved highway, where a 89th St., New York City. The work among them say they have group of women decided that building was purchased with the seldom seen such hunger for the they had been without a church gifts of friends, the largest con- Gospel. Rev. Shau Yan Lee, too long. A mile from the post- tributor being Mr. William N. Chinese missionary of the Southoffice stood an abandoned Meth- Cromwell. The four floors of ern Baptist Hom eMission odist church building. The win- the house will all be used for re- Board, conducted a recent redows were gone and the doors ligious purposes, among them vival in Phoenix, Arizona, when had long since been used for being a library and reading most of the time was devoted to campfires. The pews were in- room. The entire second floor visitation in the homes, prayer tact, as was the old pulpit. Hunt- has been made into a sanctuary. meetings, and the use of the ers and fishermen had used the Christian Chart, a type of teachbuilding for shelter in storms. Following the service, a din- ing very successful among the No preacher's voice had been ner was held in the Rumanian Chinese people. heard in that place for many pavilion at. the World's Fair. years. Horia loan Babes there stated Most of the Chinese in San that, when the buildings at the Antonio, Texas, own or work in An offer of a mill owner to World's Fair are demolished, groceries, which are open until donate ground for a new build- much of the material contained nine p. m., so that Bible study ing was accepted and volunteer in the Rumanian pavilion there courses for them begin at that labor completed the erection of will be used in the construction hour. Several have made a proa Methodist Church. How to of a church building, in New fession of faith. In New Orleans, secure a preacher was the next York City. effective work is being done by question; also how to organize a combination of Chinese stua Sunday school for boys and -The Living Church. dents and former missionaries girls who had never seen one. to China. For nearly sixty years, A preacher for one service a Negro Advance Southern Baptists have intermonth was eventually promised, mittently carried on volunteer and a Sunday school is now The New York Times calls at- work for the hundreds of Chiunder way. tention to a statement by Dr. nese, who at times have num- Thomas Jesse Jones, Educational bered as high as 500. -Christian Advocate. Director of the Phelps Stokes Fund, in which he gave a sum- Indian Wanted "New Birth" Another Labor Church mary, concise and factual, of the Negro's economic status, health, In 1879 at Wrangell, Alaska, Preliminary steps have been distribution in trades, educa- Aaron Kohanow, an Indian who taken to organize a Lab 0 r tional progress, population in- had been a sorcerer, gave his Church in Cleveland, Ohio, sim- crease, political and legal rights, reason for wishing to join the ilar to the Labor Temple in religious organizations, wealth church: "I understand very sol- New York City. Rev. F"'ank T. and property. Among the direct emn thing to join the Church. Berry, Director of a Presby- results of schools and colleges it Indians don't understand as well terian Neighborhood HJuse in is noted that 155 Negroes have as white man about it. Willing Cleveland, is chairman of a com- been elected to the Phi Beta to go on looking to God to help mittee which will have charge Kappa fraternity, whose mem- me. Understand how Christ has of the work. Assisting Mr. bership is based on scholarship; spoken that I must be born Berry is a group of young Pres- that 132 Negroes in a period again. I want new birth." byterian ministers and commu- stretching from 1876 to 1936, Aaron was one of 24 charter nity leaders. This new church have won the degree, Doctor of members of the first Presbywill have the support and ap- Philosophy, and that twelve are terian Church in Alaska, which proval of the Presbytelfian listed in American Men of was also the first Protestant and Church, local and national. Science and 100 in Who's Who the first American Church there. in America. The most depress- Its organization was historically A considerable n u m b e r of ing fact is that over 500,000 important. churches in Cleveland p""e com- Negro children are still out of posed largely of industrial work- school. . . . But the Negroes, On July 16, 1939, this church ers. A distinctive church cen- themselves, have a song that celebrated sixty years of service. ter, under an able ministry will they may all now sing: 'Full of A feature of the program was a go far to advance the cause of faith the dark past has taught prayer offered by Mrs. Tamaree, Ch'ristianity. us' and 'Full of hope that the an elder, who was once described present has brought us.' " by S. Hall Young as "the ex- -Christian Century. ample bright and shining of In view ·of its handicaps the what Christianity can accom- Rumanian Church in New York race's advance is remarkable. plish in a most difficult field." Trained native leaders are now On July 23, the Orthodox Ru- Chinese Centers in the South found in church, school and hosmanian Church, which has 2,000 pital. -Monday Morning. members, was consecrated with About 8,000 Chinese live in impressive ceremonies at their the South, many of them in

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Oanada to Have a Mosque ona crucifix; with the result costly an undertaking. Church that there is a tremendous drift members met to consider what It is reported in a Canadian toward atheism. could be done, with the result journal that work has been that each community agreed to started in Edmonton, B. C., on -Life of Faith. share in providing material and the first Mohammedan mosque labor. The women's part was to ever built in Canada. It is to be Permitted in Mexico serve meals to the workers. completed this autumn and is to Rocks were brought in dug-out cost $6,000. Canada has about Protestant groups are able to canoes, kerosene cases of sand 2,000 Mohammedans. In Ed- carryon their work quietly in were carried in on backs of bulls, monton alone there are about Mexico, in spite of restrictions lumber was sawed out in the 150, and 350 in the province of laid down by the government. hills and brought down. One Alberta. The name that appears While the Salvation Army has group in an outlying district on the building permit, issued work in more than eighty coun- burned lime and brought it in by the city building department, tries of the world, Mexico's laws canoes. One man did all the is "The Arabian Moslem Asso- made it practically impossible masonry as his contribution. ciation of Edmonton." for the Army to enter; yet Night after night one could hear World Dominion reports that a these Christians singing as they LATIN AMERIOA young Mexican, a former Gov- worked, sometimes until mid:- ernment official and Communist night. Problems in South America leader, was converted, and, with- out knowing anything of the When the work was completed When nearly 4,000 Christian Salvation iArmy or its methods, it was found that the entire cost people, induding 300 active mis- began work in the slums of Mex- was less than $100, for a wall sionaries, met at the Keswick ico City among drunkards and conservatively valued at $1,000. Convention in England, twelve other human wreckage, on lines word pictures of mission activi- very similar to those employed Samana is considered the ties were given by workers in by the Army. A number of zeal- most dominantly Protestant of the societies represented at the ous young people joined him. all the Dominican Republic. The convention. One of them, Mr. Street meetings were held in de- "Lord's Acre" plan has been J. Savage, invited his hearers to fiance of the law, and, when ar- adopted, and each fall rice, accompany him in spirit to Ama- rested, the leaders continued to beans, plantain, bananas, chickzonia, where the exploitation of preach the gospel in jail. The ens, calves, etc., are brought to the Indians for rubber had re- number of transformed lives at the church grounds to be sold in duced the once mighty tribes to last convinced the Government an open market, the proceeds gosorry remnants. As the white that it was expedient to allow ing to the church. A traveler men advanced with their vices this work to continue un- through this part of the Republic and diseases, the natives had re- molested. may hear these Negroes singing treated into the vast forests, and as they work the same old spirtoday it costs life itself to make Negroes in Dominican ituals sung by their ancestors of contacts with these tribal In- Republic the old South a century ago. dians. Much work had been going on in the vast marshlands In the vicinity of Samana, -Five Continents. of the Chaco, Paraguay, Argen- Dominican Republic, live about tina and Bolivia, and it is now 2,000 Negroes, descendants of The Gospel Takes Root harvest time in these countries. American Negroes who settled there in 1824. Approximately a About twelve years ago a The Indians in the highlands fourth of them are Protestant young couple who lived in the of Peru, Ecuador and Colombia church members, under the care country near Higuey, Santo Dohad been led by those who caUed of the Board of Christian Work mingo, wanted to be married by themselves Christians into idola- for Santo Domingo. Evangeli- a Protestant minister, but local try; but there is at present a cal work was started among prejudice was too strong. Tragspirit of inquiry among the shep- them by English Wesleyan edy might have resulted, so a herd Indians. Methodists in 1837. There was civil wedding had to suffice. The a time when these people kept story did not end there, how- Vast distances have to be trav- up their church work without a ever. The young bridegroom eled and towering altitudes pastor; in 1931 the Board for had found Christ and wished to climbed to reach the shepherd Christian work assumed respon- serve Him. Personal work in Indians, but doors are wide open sibility for them. homes, with a service now and for itinerating missionaries to then in a country district, teach native workers. Because of its high location, brought a sman group to the the ground on which their Master. They felt the need of Spanish and Portuguese peo- church was located was gradual- their own chapel and set to work ple, descendants of the conquer- ly being washed away, and it with logs, palm boards, palm ors of South America, have ac- was obvious that a protecting leaves for the thatched roof, all quired education and civilization, wall must be built around it. furnished by the people thembut not the open Bible; their But there was no money for so selves. The result – a little only conception of Christ is that chapel on a hilltop where people of a helpless babe or a dead body

worship God and find peace for launched over a year ago when spent his holidays driving about their souls. the local Committee on Coopera- England in a dog cart, begging tion recommended that a specia,l The story goes on. The same study be made of plans for a Bibles. When he had filled his man, always busy preaching the more representative organiza- cart he brought his collection Gospel by word and deed has tion. As a result of that meet- home and distributed the Bibles just built a new home, and the ing, attended by forty-four in- among local post offices in two old home where he found Christ vited guests representing un- counties of Southern Ireland, has been repaired and dedicated officially seventeen Protestant with a written notice in the winas a chapel. So, another definite denominations and organiza- dow that they were for sale at religious center has been opened tions, a committee of nine was cheap prices. Walking along a in a section where formerly peo- appointed to formulate definite London street in 1802, he saw a ple refused to have anything to plans. In July of last year this placard announcing a meeting do with the Evangelical cause. committee approved a provi- "to consider the propriety of sional constitution for presenta- forming a Society for the Dis- Japanese in Brazil tion of the various church bodies tribution of the Scriptures." It and requested that official dele- was from this meeting that the Bishop W. M. M. Thomas of gates be designated. The move- British and Foreign Bible So- Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil, ment is considered the most ciety developed. Going back to has completed his annual visit to important step in church coop- Ireland, Mr. Shaw announced a 29 Japanese Christian missions eration that has been taken in similar meeting in Dublin, but in the state of Sao Paulo, accom- the past 20 years. -Advance. it attracted only enough people panied by Rev. J. Y. Ito, Jap- to fill one pew. However, the anese director of these missions. EUROPE idea was planted and the or- Ten missions were visited for the ganization developed and grew. first time and the Bishop reports Another Experiment in Considerable work now goes on that everywhere he saw signs of Scotland in distributing Scripture in Iremarked spiritual growth. land itself. Beside this, the So- The Church of Scotland is al- ciety has two colporteurs with The method of the Protestant ways ready to tryout new ideas motor van working in Morocco, Episcopal Church is the opposite and methods wherever there is Algiers, and Tunis, and in addito that of the Roman Catholics, hope that they may prove to be tion eighteen colporteurs and who baptize the children before practical. A minister, who has Bible women selling Scripture in their parents are converted. The been working for two years other foreign fields. Episcopal clergy try to bring a among the Youth Hostels, which knowledge of Christ first to the are now so numerous in Scot- -Sunday School Times. adults, and through them to the land has conceived the plan of children; thus the children are a fellowship of the "open road." War and Religion in France provided Christian training in "Christian Highway," as the the home, and the church is built movement is called, consists of The gravity of the internaupon a more sure foundation. members who are keen on the tional situation has seemingly country, cyclists, hikers and revived an interest in religion in Japanese immigration to Bra- others. They possess a suitable France. Newspapers contain zil began about fifteen years ago; badge, and a buHetin is issued short paragraphs calling attenthere are now more than 200,000 monthly. One of the chief aims tion to the helpful influence of there. They are law-abiding, is to organize circles of the mem- religion in times of trouble, and orderly and honest; of a mystic bers for discussing and clarify- booksellers are displaying an type of mind, and feel that life is ing religious problems and be- unusual number of religious incomplete without spiritual in- liefs, and for practicing speak- books. It is significant that fluence; but they must be con- ing. The work is linked up with while anti-God forces have been, vinced of the truth of the Gospel. a particular parish church New- in recent years, most active Mr. Ito, supervisor of the Epis- ark, Port – Glasgow, and the among French youth, it is among copal mission to Japanese, keeps pioneer, the Rev. D. Macgilliv- these youth, both Catholic and in touch with all baptized Chris- ray, has an office in Glasgow. Protestant, that the reaction is tians and visits them at least most marked. Twenty-five thouonce a year. -United Church Review. sand members of an organiza- tion of young artisans, a Cath- -Spirit of Missions. The Irish Bible Society olic group, publicly witnessed to their religion, while a like spirit Confederation of Argentine The Bible is taxed at the cus- is manifest among Protestant Churches toms gateway to the Irish Free youth who direct the Scout State, whose popUlation is 95 Movement. It has been proposed Cooperation among Protestant per cent Roman Catholic. In to have the movement known churches in the River Plate area 1806 a Hibernian Bible Society more definitely as a Christian was furthered when twenty-five was founded which still flour- organization. The increasing representatives of eight denom- ishes. Its founder was Rev. membership of the Bible Union, inations officially established a Robert Shaw of Kilkenny who and the unprecedented number Confederation of Protestant Churches. The project was

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

of summer camps arranged by Church, the declaration added, homes, possessions, work, fu- ture or hope. It is the special Christian leaders for French "seeks to do away with that responsibility of our Bureau to rescue the Protestant families youth this year, indicate the gen- which Jesus Christ has bought among the Spanish refugees, as well as to assist those who have eral religious awakening. by His bitter suffering: for remained in Spain, in very pre- carious circumstances." A new note of urgency is Christ has created of Jews and Gentiles one Holy Body, the one -Christian Advocate. heard in sermons; churches are conducting evangelistic c a m- Christian Church. Now it re- Communists Have a "Bible" paigns. "Every Christian a erects the wall of partition missionary" is now a popular broken down by Christ, and thus A book with a first edition of slogan which expresses this new 10,000,000 copies is in the same spirit. turns the Christian Church into class with "Mein Kampf." Rus- a pharisaical sect." sians will think this an odious comparison, but the fact remains -Advance. that their "History of the Com- munist Party of the Soviet Nazis Ease Up On Churches Relief Hampered in Spain Union" issued that many copies for its first edition just after The war has had the effect of The American Friends' Serv- the New Year, and probably modifying the Nazi strife with ice Committee, which has been more than twenty or thirty milthe German Con f e s s ion a I aiding Spanish refugees, found lion copies will be sold within Church, according to a report the relief work so hampered that the next few years. There are from their Synod. The motive it has been given up. "Franco twelve chapters in the book, behind this is the effort to assured us he would like to have with an appendix called "conachieve national unity, so neces- us continue the work until we clusions" and another appendix sary in the conduct of the war. are ready to retire, but it is evi- called "explanation of terms." Politics in sermons is not per- dent that he wants the food, not There seems little doubt that mitted, to be sure, and most ser- us," was the report of the di- Stalin wrote most of it, chiefly mon themes emphasize that this rector of this work. Foodstuffs because the book is too imporwar is a punishment sent from intended for Spain's 100,000 tant for him to be willing to God for falling away from half-starved children were al- leave the writing of it to any Christ. The Confessional Church lotted according to political in- one else. reports that church services are fluence, not on the basis of need. only slightly improved in attend- It was even reported that chil- The book is more than a hisance; this in contrast with the dren were forced to sing Na- tory of the party; it is literally situation in 1914, when churches tionalist songs before they were a communist "Bible," a guide to were packed. This is probably allowed anything to eat. In some correct communist thinking on due to anti-church activity, set instances, the food was given to every sort of problem; in short, in motion by the present govern- soldiers instead of to children. it contains what every commument since it came to power. nist should know. War prayer hours have been in- Last June the International Committee of Evangelization in -New York Times. troduced gradually. Spain (which includes almost all denominations having work AFRICA It is estimated that 42 per in Spain) met in Paris; and cent of all the ministers may be among their conclusions is one Religious Literature in Egypt called up for war service. Re- advising the pastors not to retired pastors are taking the The future of literary work place of those called. turn to Spain, in view of the re- in Egypt is promising, and most encouraging is the opportunity Nazi Church Policy port that all are liable to be sent among students, for with them Repudiated to concentration camps. English lies the future of Egypt. The missionaries desirous of return- number of students who attend Christian meetings is negligible; The largest single bloc of op- ing to Spain have not received therefore, they must be reached by the printed page, and this position to the Nazi church pol- any reply to their request for printed page must present its vital message in attractive form. icy has been the declaration permission to return; the im- The modern Egyptian student no longer enj oys the cumberrepudiating a statement of pression is that no such permis- some phraseology of the past; western influence is very marked eleven leaders of the Nazi wing sion will ever be granted by the in the new Arabic literature; sonorous repetition and abstruse of the G e r man Evangelical Franco government. dialectics have given place to a Church who professed agree- Dr. William H. Foulkes, Chair- ment with the principles of the man of the American Executive "national church." The Council Committee of the Central Bureau of the Evangelical Church of the of Relief of the Evangelical old Prussian Union vigorously Churches of Europe on behalf rejects "the application of politi- of Spanish refugees, says: "One cal standards to the life of the of the most terrible of the refu- Church" and asserts that the gee problems is the situation of men responsible for the "national· Spanish exiles in the south of Church" document have "shown France. Condemned to die if themselves to be enemies of the they go back; fated to destitu- Cross of Christ." A national tion if they do not. Without

simple, direct style. It is un- Sayo to "strengthen the breth- of Christian living; heard the fortunate that much of the ren" wrote an unusual letter to Easter music sung at dawn with Christian literature is written in the United Presbyterian Board an enthusiasm that could come the style of the past. in Pittsburgh: only from the heart.

The fact that modern educa- The place where the work of the Another impression is the tion is fast producing a genera- Gospel goes on is a lovely and beau- marked difference bet wee n tionof materialists proves the tiful one. Not long ago the place was America and Africa, in that the need -of a Christian Apologetic. not inhabited; now it is almost a vil- Church in America has per- The younger generation also lage for more than fifty of the breth- meated society for so many gen- ren have built their houses there. erations that the line between needs to be shown the Christian They are living happily together, re- Christian and non-Christian is way of grappling with problems joicing in their ability to help each not clearly defined; in the Cam- other, that God has been so good to eroun, that distinction is immeof a sociological and ethical na- them, that they are able to preach the diately obvious. A woman misture, which have been brought Gospel in love and peace. sionary expressed this when she to the fore by the westernization said: "I would not want to stay 1'he spirit of Christ seems to be alone in a village where there is of Egyptian life and habits. abundant. One night five elders and not one Christian." Converts -Blessed Be Egypt. three deacons came to spend the eve- come into the church out of sav- ning with me. We could not seem to agery, witchcraft, dense igno- Morocco: Islam's Stronghold get through talking; at 3 a. m. we rance. Again, the American were not satisfied, but Gidada led us thinks in terms of the future. No organized missionary work in prayer and thanksgiving. Those in Africa are faced with the grave question whether in was carried on in Morocco before I thank God that I saw the work of the present world chaos the na- the Gospel that shines in Sayo district tive church can survive if left to 1880, with the exception of that with my own eyes, not only by news, itself. Mr. Horner answers this though that is good. I thank God with an unqualified yes. He beof the Franciscan Friars, Ca- again and again for being among lieves that the native pastors and them and seeing, not only news by evangelists, trained in the mistholicism's most liberal Order. mouth, but by eyes. sion seminary, the teachers, nurses, medical boys, and many The British and Foreign Bible Aggrey Memorial thousands of Christian laymen are as zealous as any Christians Society appointed an agent for Achimota College, on the Gold anywhere. Coast, proposes to erect a chapel Morocco in 1882; he and his in memory of Dr. Aggrey, first Congo Prayers appointed member of the staff wife worked successfully among and first Vice-Principal. So far, Congolese women are praying the College has had no chapel women. A writer in the Congo the Moors for many years. In building, and now that ten years News Letter asked the women of of its existence have been com- her Sunday school to write out 1883, the North Africa Mission pleted it is felt that a chapel is some of their prayers; and here needed "to witness to the Afri- is one offered upon awaking in was formed, and now has a chain cans' artistic heritage through the morning: the use of some of the best art of stations throughout the north- work of the students; to stand Our Lord God, we thank thee for freedom from anyone ex- For keeping us safely throughout the ern areas of both Morocco and clusive manner of worship, and so to offer opportunity for the night. Algeria. Since 1923, the Bible growth of an African contribu- We were asleep like the dead. tion to Christian worship and to We knew nothing. Churchman's Missionary Society stand for the cooperation of all But in thy love we awoke tribes, nat ion s, races and With renewed health and strength. has engaged in pioneer work in churches." -The Chronic~e. We want you to go out with us And keep us in daytime as at night. Morocco, and six stations have New Missionary Discoveries been opened. Amen. Rev. Norman A. Horner is The area southeast of Casa- one of the recruits sent out to Congo mothers teach this eve- Africa as a result of the Presby- ning prayer to their children: blanca, seaport town, is being terian Centennial Fund. After only a few weeks on the field he My eyes I am going to close. evangelized by the Southern has gathered a host of impres- God, you are the soldier [guard] in sions, and some of them he has Morocco Mission. Five stations written for the Drum Call. Mr. my heart. Horner has found that it is true Take away sorrow, fear and evil. have been opened on the main that "the African is receptive to The angels will obey you, 0 God, the Christian message," having Safely keep me through the night. coastal route between Casa- now seen for himself the bark and mud chapels, crowded with Amen. blanca and Agadir – a distance black faces that reflect the joy And they even have "hoeing of about 350 miles. In a south- prayers," offered as the women easterly direction there are three mission stations within 200 miles of Casablanca, including the historic city of Marrakech. At all these stations the Gospel is continually being presented to the people, hand in hand with educational and medical activi- -Life of Faith. ties.

The Gospel in Ethiopia The little Christian Church of Sayo has been without a shepherd since the beginning of the Italian domination of Ethiopia, but has been faithfully witnessing all the while. An evangelist who went from Addis Ababa to

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

start their day's work in the ing in the country's literature, It was amazing to find how many garden: Tel-Aviv Jews came for Bibles. after having been replaced by a Father be with me now as I begin to Another avenue of approach hoe. Romanized alphabet. is the medical one. The clinic attracts Jews like a magnet. You have planned that by working Changes have been made in Jews who do not wish to hear and perspiring people receive about the Messiah in meetings their food. Amen. the cabinet which will undoubt- are attracted by the manifesta- tion of His love in healing their Be with me today as I work together edly be reflected in attitudes to- diseases. with you. ward the c,llUrches throughout The Arabian Mission Hear me, I pray, in thy name. Amen. Dear Lord God, Turkey. At the present moment From the annual report of this Now I am going to work with my hoe, Mission some salient facts stand Turn away from my garden all prowl- it is impossible to say whether out: ing evil. these changes will be for good 1. Arabia is fast changing; every Also give me strength to do my work report rings with the effect of changes or ill. -Advance. political, economic and social. well. Amen. Eggs as Hospital Fees 2. With these changes come in- African Ambassadors creased difficulties, western atheism, A weekly clinic has been indifference and nationalism. Yambuya and Rebecca, an opened in Deir-ez-Zor, Syria, by elderly Christian c 0 u pIe at the medical mission staff at 3. The Church of Christ in Arabia Yakusu Station, begged the priv- Buseirah, at the junction of the is emerging. Bahrein has organized ilege of going to teach the Gos- Euphrates and Tigris Rivers. a church committee; Muscat has the pel to the Lokele people on the The town government is cooper- nucleus. Lualaba, fisher folk. Before they ating in this venture. It was deleft home, Rebecca spoke at a cided that the fee for clinical 4. With the dawn of a new day in women's meeting at Yakusu and services be paid in eggs, the Arabia come larger demands on our said: "Paul went journeys to number depending upon the ser- institutions in the form of efficiency, tell the Good News, the white iousness of the condition treat- equipment and personnel. missionaries do the same, and ed; so the clinic is crowded, and now Yambuya and I are going eggs are at a premium. One en- Perhaps the most urgent need too, and God will be with us. terprising person tried to dis- is women's medical work. In the Pray for us sometimes. The pose of a basket of cracked eggs whole of Iraq there is only one Lokele people look for fish; we to the waiting patients. woman doctor. are going to fish too, and bring men and women into the net -Monday Morning. Along the 400 odd miles of which is His Church." rough road between Baghdad Tel-Aviv, Jewish Stronghold and Basrah there is not a single Presently, came Yambuya's hospital where major surgery is first letter: "We gathered the The Jews do not permit any done. Iraq regulations require people for prayer, and many Christian teaching or meeting in the presence of at least two licame to look at us. I preached this 100 per cent Jewish city of censed doctors at every major on the words of John the Bap- 100,000 inhabitants. "Tel-Aviv," operation. tist, 'Repent, for the Kingdom they say, "is our own city, and of Heaven is at hand.' In the we do not want to hear about INDIA whole village there was not a your Christianity in our Jewish single book. I urged them to city. Go to Jaffa and preach Hindu Editor Converted buy books, and they bought Christ to the Arabs, but not to hymn books, Testaments, Gos- us." Like the Jews in the Book The following letter was writpels, catechisms, primers, stories of the Acts, they have "stopped ten by the editor of an Indian of Jesus. There are seven in the their ears." weekly to a staff member of the town of Ponthierville who had C.M.S. in Calcutta. The Chrisbeen baptized, and seven in the Nominally, there is full reli- tian, to which he refers, is pubnative Lokele village." gious liberty in Palestine, but lished in London. actually none in Tel-Aviv. Chris- WESTERN ASIA tian activity there would be per- Until recently I hated Christianity, secuted as severely as in Soviet and through the press I carried on Changes in Turkey Russia. But the European Har- anti-Christian propaganda. While in vest Field says that Christian a hospital an evangelist approached With the death of Kemal periodicals are sent by post to me with a few copies of The Chris- Pasha, the secularizing policy of numerous addresses in that city, tian. I began to hate him, and told the Turkish Government seems and Christian literature is dis- him to be off. But he stood firm and to be set aside, and new stress tributed to passers-by on the implored me to take at least one magis being put upon the develop- streets of the suburbs. Last azine and read it. ment of Islam. Mohammedan Easter, a copy of the Watchman, leaders who had been very quiet issued in this way, annoilnced When I was gazing at him, sudwhile the dictator lived have re- that anyone who wished a free denly a remarkable change came appeared on the scene; even copy of the Bible could have one over me. I felt that some inner voice Arabic characters are reappear- between four and six o'clock on compelled me to take the magazine a certain day at the Hall Pennel. and read it. Oh, what a joyous day! I immediately read a few passages from The Christian. I was moved when I read· the words of Christ to

Nicodemus: "Verily, verily, I say in the history of the Christian study India from the viewpoint unto you, except a man be born again, Church. Next year, in accord- of what natural resources there he cannot see the kingdom of God." ance with a suggestion of the are in the land which can be used Today, I have experienced this new Madras Conference, the develop-· in new and undeveloped indushirth, and I am filled with joy. God ment of Indian thought will be tries for which there will be a has illumined my mind. one of the topics of study. This world market; what legal reg- will furnish opportunity for ulations should be made; what The Madrassi youth took us to the Hindu Christians to make a val- "protective" tariffs, if any, Indian pastor, where myself, my wife, uable contribution to the Ash- would be required; what educaand my two daughters accepted Christ ram. tional changes should be made as our personal Saviour, and we four to prepare millions of boys and were baptized. Now we are able to It was voted this year that the girls for a new industrial life; see with our mind's eye distinctly our Ashram home be known as the in fact, the whole needs of a names written in the "Lamb's Book "Christa Darsana Ashram," or great people embarking into a of Life." "the Ashram of the Vision of new world. Christ." I thank you, Sir, for this spiritual Beyond question, this is a work which you are doing in India, "Servants of India Society" large order, but if the Christian directly and indirectly. Kindly send Church-the most humanitarian me a few' more copies of The Chris- Last June this Society, India's and unselfish body working in tian. I am going back to Lahore to- finest social service organization, India today, and with no pernight in great haste. I came here as completed thirty-four years of sonal axes to grind – does not a sinner, but am going back as a child its history. It does not strive help solve the problem, then who of God. for numbers, but the magnificent will ?asks William W. Reed, of work done is indicated in its 52- the Methodist Board of Foreign May God Almighty bless you and page report of last year's activi- Missions. -Foreign Affairs. your workers with a crown of life and ties for the motherland. Those glory. Kindly pray for me and my entering the Society take seven The Ohurch Has a Job family. vows: (1) My country shall be first in my thoughts, and I will Dr. Ambedkar's suggested School of Hinduism give to her the best service that solution of India's economic is in me. (2) I will seek no per- problems is in sharp contrast It is announced that a School sonal advantage for myself. (3) with Gandhi's ideas. While of Hinduism under Christian I will work for the advancement Gandhi envisions India's rural leadership will be opened in of all Indians, regardless of millions remaining in their agri- Benares in December, and ex- caste or creed. (4) I will be con- cultural villages and adding to tend through January and Feb- tent with such provision for my their self-sufficiency by the pracruary. The school will include needs as the Society is able to tice of ancient crafts, Dr. Ama study of the institutions and make. (5) I will lead a pure bedkar sees no economic hope life of the sacred city of the personal life. (6) I will not en- except through a thorough in- Hindus: experiences among the gage in any quarrel with any- dustrialization. He is well aware throngs of pilgrims d uri n g one. (7) I will never do any- of the evils that accompany inmelas, at holy places and seats thing inconsistent with the aims dustry in America, and is quite of sacred learning; classroom of the Society.-Dnyanodaya. as anxious to avoid them as is lectures by visiting Hindu pro- Gandhi; but he counts on the fessors and experienced Chris- A Ohallenge to the Ohurch development of a social policy in tian workers, and the library India which, as that country beresources of Hindu schools and In spite of all the new canals, comes industrialized, shall set up colleges. Conducted tours will irrigation wells, and other de- standards and regulations prosupplement the work. vices that have been brought tecting the worker from exploi- into service in India during the tation and preventing enormous An attempt will be made to past century, the increase in the profits from going into private embody bot h scientific and food supply of the nation has not and foreign pockets. Dr. Am- Christian attitudes. On a foun- kept pace with the increase in bedkar believes India, when she dation of an understanding of population during the same pe- awakes to her situation, can the Hindu religion and culture, riod. Health measures, famine draw upon the two hundred year the school will attempt to relate prevention, sanitation and the experience of industrialism in the Christian worker to the peace guaranteed by Great Brit- other countries, and thus avoid Hindu in such ways as may ain, all have tended to increase many of the mistakes and evils; promise greater success in the the population, and increase the and he is calling on the Christask of evangelism. hunger. tian Church to help. Since it has demonstrated a genuine interest -The Indian Witness. Dr. Ambedkar is challenging in the welfare of India's people, the Christian Church to appoint let it appoint a commission of Ashram Fellowship a commission of agricultural, agricultural, economic, indus- economic, social welfare, indus- trial, educational and social wel- The Secretary of the Kodai- trial and educational experts to kanal Ashram says that one of the most important parts of the fellowship is that of discussion and study. This year, the discussions centered around "The Place of non-Violence in a World of Conflict"; also non-violence

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

fare experts to study India's in- The First of Its Kind they have taken a noble part, not dustrial possibilities and recom- only administering government mend a comprehensive body of The first annual Religious funds but giving of their own economic and social measures, Education Institute of Burma limited means. Much of their ,gays Dr. Ambedkar. was planned to meet the need for best work is being done along leadership training. The Insti- the lines of adult education- -Christian Century. tute ran concurrently with the in reading, writing and politics. annual BJble Assembly for 10 They are teaching the victims of Contrasts in Outcaste Villages days and then continued for the war that they are members of a 10 following days. More than 50 human family that includes the Rev. A. M. Chirgwin of the chosen leaders from the religious weak and needy everywhere; Lon don Missionary Society, and school centers of Burma that their suffering will surely after presenting some contrasts were in attendance the full 20 pave the way for a new and betin Africa to show what Chris- days. Six courses were offered ter China. Their aim is the tianity has done, has given, in a as follows: building of a strong and peacerecent issue of the Chronicle, ful China for the future. One some pictures of India to show 1. Old Testament Teaching Values point has been agreed upon by that the same process is going 2. Methods (Primary Children). the great majority of Christian on there. Mr. Chirgwin spent 3. Methods (Junior Children). students, and that is that whata day and a half visiting Chuck- 4. How to Lead a Meeting and W or- ever is done must be done withler villages in Erode. The out hate in their hearts. One leather workers are regarded as ship. cannot escape the conviction that belonging to the lowest caste. 5. Personal Religious Living. China is advancing more stead- They are untouchables to the 6. Understanding Our Children. ily than before the war began, so farmers, who control the wells, that the Japanese, in their deterand are forced to live in un- -Missions. mination to destroy China, have, speakable hovels attached to the instead, accelerated her growth. caste village, and to do the most Weaving School in Tibet menial duties of the community -World Outlook. life; the recompense is so A venture in industrial mismeager that they are compelled sion work that is much appre- Communist Change of Heart to live on a very low scale. Their ciated is the Mission Weaving homes are poor huts without Technical School at Leh, where Chinese communists h a v e windows. Christi,ans and others are taught largely changed their front to- to weave Himalayan blankets ward Christianity. Instead of From there he went to see and broadcloth, started last April manifesting their former hossome Chri,stian Chuckler vil- and proving a success. It will tility, they are giving Chinese lages, only half a mile away. not be long before the sales of Christians unrestricted freedom One could not fail to see they pure wool blankets will practi- to distribute the Gospel among were different. Most of the cally pay for the running ex- their own following, and to evanroofs were of tiles; most of the penses of the school. At present, gelize the people wherever they walls whitewashed; many of three Christian boys are learn- can. One of their generals who the houses had verandas, and ing to weave, and when they be- had been a bitter foe of Chriswere clean. The villagers wore come competent to manage a tianity acknowledged his error clothes instead of rags; hardly loom themselves, they will be by declaring that the missiona child had disease due to filth. taught how to make and as- aries of the Gospel had been a It had taken forty years to work semble a loom with which they great help to the cause of China, this transformation, but it was can go out to earn their living. and that communists wanted to the steady, persistent influence It is hoped eventually to have cooperate with them for the that made the change. One vil- an instructor in the making of good of the Chinese people. lage visited has a building which Lhassa rugs and carpets. This serves for both school and will be an additional way by -The Lutheran. church; here the children are which the young people may taught, and the whole village has earn their living. Threat of Death for Christians regular Christian worship. Mr. Chirgwin asked an Indian Chris- -Moravian Missions. The North China Daily News tian minister how long it takes, for August 4 publishes the folafter a village has "come over," CHINA lowing story from Peiping. It before one can see improvements was received in Washinglj;on, in the home and village life. Students and the War September 7. On a Sunday in "Not less than ten years," he August, three truck loads of said. "But if the Christian in- When the war in China anti-British pickets surrounded fluence is maintained and in- started, students were ordered an English Baptist Church in struction regularly given, the to return to their classes wher- Taiyuanfu during the evening change that takes place will be ever possible. General Chiang service. very great." made it clear that the students must be preserved for the fu- At the conclusion of the serv- ture. However, this has not ice, they arrested and put in meant inaction on the part of the students; relief work has been their special responsibility and

jail the entire congregation of only by climbing a long, winding What of Manchuria? 150 Chinese. After being de- path, he has erected a unique tained for three days, the women group of buildings, a temple of Ever since war clouds passed and children were released, while Christ, a pilgrims' hall and dor- over Manchuria in 1931, reconthe anti-British Committee in- mitory in the Chinese style of struction has been the order of formed the missionaries that un- architecture. The most devoted the day. The Christian Church less they evacuated, an unpleas- Buddhist monks on pilgrimage is finding that it must re-think ant fate, possible execution, from India pass through this hill many problems and meet new would face the Chinese members country from monastery to mon- situations. This applies alike to of the congregation. astery, and often include a visit Bible Societies. The people of to this Christian one. During this land are turning to the In order to save these men their stay they receive positive Bible and God in increasing from possible torture and death, Christian teaching from one who numbers. the missionaries agreed to with- has made a lifelong study of draw, closing the missions. and Buddhism. The unique Gospel -Bible Society Record. the hospital. They are at pres- of Christ is presented in a setent marooned at Shihchiach- ting familiar and not alien to New Dalai Lama wang, where they are waiting them. Already some sixty monks for the floods to subside. and priests have been baptized. Tibet has been without a sov- Dr. Reichelt also conducts a ereign since 1933, when the Christian Books by the school of religion, in which there Dalai Lama died, for the usual Truck Load are forty resident students pre- divination had failed to produce paring for service in the Inter- one that fulfilled all require- The Christian Literature So- Scandinavian Christian Mission ments. Tibetans do not believe ciety built a new depot at Kum- to Buddhists. that their Grand Lama dies, but ming, capital of Yunnan, hoping that from time to time he lays it might become a distributing – Watchman-Examiner. aside his human envelop, to be center for Christian literature in rejuvenated at a later time. free China. But the demand for Bible Training in Shansi The boy selected must be bebooks far exceeded estimates, tween four and five years of age, and the word from Kumming is A pastor of the China Inland and four were chosen, one each "Send us books, more and more Mission in Shansi has estab- from north, south, east and west. books." It was of no use to lished a Bible Training Institute These four have been kept plead with shipping companies, on a two-acre site near a river under severe observation for a for the one Uttle narrow gauge bank. Enclosed within mud year. The year has now passed railway leading to free China walls are rows of rooms, each and it is supposed that the can handle only a small fraction ten feet square. These simply proper choice has been made. of what is required; the port is furnished rooms are the homes The boy's parents are plain clogged with freight awaiting of the workers. There is a din- Tibetan farmers. Mr. F. D. shipment. ing room which also serves as Learner, of the China Inland chapel, a library and a class- Mission, asked the privilege of In desperation, the Bible So- room. meeting the little new dalai lama. ciety decided to buy a truck and and gave him some Tibetan Gostransport the books themselves. For six months in the year the pel text cards which he eagerly The scheme was not without premises are empty, the team accepted. risk. The roads are bad, there having scattered in twos and is danger of bombing, for the threes, going eve r y w her e JAPAN-CHOSEN trucks may be mistaken for gov- preaching the Word. ernment ones. Besides, the truck The Situation Summed Up might break down. But the need Since devastation came to was urgent, so two truck loads Shansi, the team's motto is: The Presbyterian Survey deof Bibles, one of Christian lit- "Redeeming the time because scribes the position of the Chriserature and one of mission sup- the days are evil." Requirements tian Church in Japan somewhat plies started to cross south and of membership are: as follows: (1) Eighty years central China. of constructive missionary ac- 1. A clear experience of con- tivity has deeply planted the -Foreign Affairs. version. Church of Christ, although it is a minority in numbers. (2) Christian Monastery 2. A definite caB to preach the Self-support is the established Gospel. Preaching is not a policy. Most of the outside con- Dr. Karl Reichelt, a Nor- means of earning one's living. tributions go to the support of wegian scholar, has founded a the missionaries. (3) The in- Christian monastery in China. 3. Willingness to live by faith. digenous workers are adequately He is not a monk nor head of 4. Willingness to receive the trained to meet the ordinary any order, but is devoting him- admonition of fellow workers needs of the native churches, self to winning Buddhist priests and to serve the Lord with pa- but their number is inadequate. and monks to Christianity. On tience and diligence. (4) Strangely enough, foreigna secluded tableland, accessible 5. Willingness to live a frugal ers, because they are foreigners, life. 6. An earnest desire for the infilling of the Holy Spirit.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

enjoy greater consideration than Japanese Christians preclude the work may expand eventually to idea of large numbers of them include work for Korean women native workers. Increased missionary activity becoming Mohammedans. Al- and children as well. on the part of Buddhist sects though General Sadao Araki, This is the third Episcopal and the phenomenal rise of new, Minister of Education and a Mission for Koreans in Japan, popular cults present serious leading nationalist, is repQrted and has been opened entirely on problems; as does the Sino-Jap- to be encouraging the spread of the initiative of Mr. Koshiba. A anese conflict, involving the Mohammedanism, the divergence recent survey made by Mr. H. question of acting as recon- between the rigid monotheism Mitsui of Keijo, Korea, a Japciliator when the time comes. of Islam and the polytheistic anese, reveals that there are Christianity is one of the agen- teachings of the Japanese na- more KQreans of Christian faith cies in Japan, perhaps the only tional cult make this seem im- than all other religions comone, which assures to the Jap- prQbable. Japan's interest in bined, and more than twice as anese a sense of fellowship with Islam is undoubtedly motivated many Christians as in Japan only by considerations of world proper. -The Living Church. the rest of the world. trade and foreign policy. Expurgation of Christian Year Book Leadership Training ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC All foreigners are conscious of A full summer of leadership Malay Boys' School ever-growing restrictions. The training conferences fQr the The Methodist Mission has most outstanding instance of in- moral, spiritual and physical formally opened a new BQYs' creased censorship is the expur- training of Japanese YQuth School at Sentul, a suburb of the gation of the 1939 Japan Chris- opened July 15 'at Camp Seisen capital of the Federated Malay tian Year Book. Eight pages Ryo, the Japanese Brotherhood States. This is a further step in had to be cut out before the book of St. Andrew's newly estab- the educational program for Macould be sold and distributed by lished leadership training camp laya. The new school was built the Christian Literature Society. on the slope .of Mt. Yatsugatake, at the request of the Selangor The first deletion dealt with Kiyosato. It is noticeable that government and as a branch of "The Year 1938 in Japan: A a distinguished group of leaders the Kuala Lumpur MethQdist General Survey," and evidently was secured as instructors; and School. It will accommodate 250 reported matters in relation to that there was active coopera- pupils, and is the first unit of a the war in China which are not tion, not only of all youth leaders larger institution that it is hoped current news here. The second but of the lay university profes- may be erected .on the same eliminated the introduction and sors and .others from 10 of Ja- grounds. It also is designed to first few paragraphs of a paper pan's leading universities and relieve the overload of the Kuala on "Social Conditions and colleges. Lumpur School, which has an Work"; and the third removed The actual Brotherhood con- enrollment of nearly 1,600 stuthe opening section of an article ferences operate in three sec- dents, representing all the races on "Relations to the Non-Chris- tions–college and business age and creeds in that city. Relitian Faiths of Japan," the latter young men, boys of middle gious instruction is carried on one of several by delegates from school age, and a third for rural by the school in the Christian this country to the Madras Con- young men. Each of these sec- faith, and last year during a speference dealing with Christian- tions has over 100 members cial emphasis week, nearly four ity's position in the empire. Pos- especially selected and invited hundred boys submitted their sibly the book will be thereby fQr their promise of leadership names for Christian decision. made more valuable than before ability. -The Living Church. -Christian Advocate.

in that true conditions will be Mission to Koreans Opened Igorots Save the Day revealed.-Christian Century. in Kyoto The Episcopal Mission School Courting Islam at Sagada, P. 1., would have been Reports of the spreading influ- A new mission to Koreans has closed when cuts were made in ence of Islam in Japan appear to just been opened in Kyoto by appropriations, had not the be exaggerated. A mosque in Rev. H. Koshiba, rector of St. Igorot industries provided a way Kobe and a mosque and school John's Episcopal Church in that to continue. These industries in Tokyo have been erected, but city. He has a nucleus of 37 were begun in 1932 with the these minister primarily to non- men, who meet in a little rented weaving of abaca, a native fiber Japanese Mohammedans resi- house every Wednesday night, commonly known as Philippine dent in Japan. Some disaffected for the purpose of studying pri- hemp. At first there were only Christian converts have gone mary school subjects. He has two looms, and the girl pupils over to Islam, but Dr. Kagawa four teachers for his little night did all the weaving; later, the says they are attracted by the school: himself, an Imperial women of IIi were employed and lower moral standards .of that university student, a prepara- now 19 women and girls are at religion; The high standards of tory school student, and a young work. They make bags, pocket personal purity maintained by lady. He is hoping that this books, book covers, luncheon

sets, rugs and other useful ar- report recommended that cer- constructive influence to counticles in various colors. Success tain immediate steps be taken in teract the degrading, demoralin the sale of the articles is view of the present international izing, disillusioning contribution partly due to the original designs tension. One of these steps, it too often made by Americans as and painstaking hand work, was revealed, urged strict avoid- residents or tourists in other which the Igorots have learned ance of any "unconscious fur- lands. by patient practice. There is a thering of propaganda." considerable sale in the United In a real sense every bearer States. Committee members described of an American passport, wheth- the report as going far beyond er he intends it or not, is a for- Part of the earnings of the in- any preceding ecumenical con- eign missionary. -Missions. dustry has been used, at Bishop ference in formulating definite Mosher's suggestion, to improve principles to be observed in in- Some Interesting Figures the building in which the work ter-state relations, as well as in is done. More and larger win- concrete suggestions for church The 46th annual session of the dows have been installed, and action. -The Living Church. Foreign Missions Conference of dormer windows have been put North America met in Swarthin the third story. Americans in Other Lands more, Pa., on June 6, and an- nounced some interesting facts -The Living Church. Based on the number of pass- in regard to missionary activity. ports issued by the Department "New Life" in the Philippines of State as summarized in The Protestant missions have grown New York Sun, nearly 350,000 rapidly in foreign lands but have Philippine Christians a Iso American citizens are living in fallen off in home countries. In 1925, have aNew Life Movement, foreign lands: More than there were 3,565,443 Protestant comwhich is based on twelve points, 175,000 are in Canada, 80,000 municants in mission lands and given below: are in Europe while the remain- slightly over 8,000,000 who were bap- der live in Asia, Africa, South tized and under instruction. In 1938 1. I shall let God direct my acts, America and the Islands. Coun- the number of communicants had my thoughts, my will, all day. tries like Italy, England, and jumped to 6,000,000 and 13,000,000 France have large colonies of baptized Protestants. 2. I shall spend my life helping the permanent American residents. world's acute need, and sacrifice self- The 350,000 total does not in- In 1911, there were 351 more orish advantage. clude the enormous army of dained missionaries in foreign serv- American tourists. ice than ordained native ministers. 3. I shall give an hour a day for Last year there were 10,271 more orprayer and Bible study. These figures should be stud- dained native ministers than foreign ied with concern especially by missionaries. This shows a decided 4. I shall have daily family wor- people who do not believe in shift from the foreign to the home ship and shall attend church. world missions. Here is an army control of Christian work. of Americans, temporarily vis- 5. I shall keep my soul full of love iting or permanently residing in The business of Protestant missions and free from prejudice. foreign lands. What impression in 1938 represented $60,000,000. Of do they convey of American cul- this amount $28,738,790 was raised on 6. I shall be absolutely honest. ture and ideals? Too often the the mission field, and the remainder 7. I shall be absolutely pure. reputation of America for good was provided by the Canadian and 8. I shall courageously oppose neighborliness, brotherhood, in- American churches. harmful customs. ternational idealism and world 9. I shall work for a juster social friendship suffers irreparably in There is one Christian for every 84 order. their hands. In contrast to that people in Asia; one for every 28 peo- 10. I shall be as pacifist as Christ large army should be contrasted ple in Africa; and one for every four was. the small company of 15,000 people in Oceanica. The high pro- 11. I shall seek ways to share all American foreign missionaries. portion in the last is due to the large my best with others. They present to the world what membership of the Roman Catholic 12. When I am sure others are is best and finest in American Church in the Philippines. wrong, I shall stand alone by Christ, life. They are in foreign lands always radiant with love. not to get something for them- World Council of Churches selves but to give something to These are printed on a card, others, not to exploit but to Among recent additions to the ten by twelve inches, suitable for share the Gospel of Christ and membership of the World Counhanging in the home. to lift people to a higher and cil of Churches, which now has more abundant life. a total of 54 members, are: The -Dnyanodaya. Church of Scotland, the Epis- Leaving out of consideration copal Church of Scotland, the MISCELLANEOUS the underlying spiritual motive Presbyterian Church of Eng- of Christian missions, the total land, the Congregational Union World Council in 1941 cost of the American foreign of England and Wales, the Con- mission enterprise is cheap as a gregational Union of South The administrative committee Africa, the Seventh Day Baptist of the proposed World Council Churches of the U. S. A., the of Churches has announced that Anglican Church of the West the first meeting will be held in Indies, and the United Presbythe United States in September, terian Church of North America. 1941. This committee of the Council's provisional body met It is planned to hold the first last summer in Utrecht, Holland. World Council meeting in the At this time, a confidential re- United States in September, port on the international situa- 1941. tion, prepared by a group of 30 experts, was presented. This Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information The African Today and Tomorrow. religion and culture were a bless- heaven and earth and of man. By Diedrich Westermann. Fore- ing and a curse. He says: "Is- There is an extended bib- word by the Rt. Hon. Lord Lugard. lam has had a far-reaching civ- 355 pp. $3.00. Oxford University ilizing influence. It has given liography, two sketch-maps and PressJ London and New York. the African a greater self-pos- several excellent photographic 1939. illustrations. Altogether, here session and a sense of security in is a book to possess, to read for As one of the results of the his outlook. It has done away delight and use for reference. conference held by the Interna- with many horrors such as hutional Missionary Council at Le- man sacrifice and cruel ordeals. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER. Zoute in Belgium some ten years The misuse of alcohol has dimin- ished. In the larger towns of American Tomorrows. By Wayne C. ago, the International Institute the Sudan, Islam has created Williams. 192 pp. Fleming H, of African Languages and Cul- centers of Mohammedan learn- Revell Co. New York. 1939. $1.50. ture came into being. The au- ing." On the other hand, he thor of this very important vol- writes: "The position of women Mr. Williams is a prominent ume is one of the directors of is in no way better in Islam than lawyer on the staff of the State the Institute and one of the out- with pagans. For the advance- Department in Washington and standing authorities on African ment of moral and physical an active member of the Method~ ethnology and history. He first cleanliness, l1ygiene and the ist Church. As the goals of combating of dise,ase Islam has America are a political democwent to the Dark Continent as a racy, he lists an ethical society missionary and has not lost his done nothing. Today in Africa of brotherhood, an economic soprimary interest. Possessed of it is sterile. Its atmosphere is ciety with well being and secuthe key to the insight into the that of stagnation. The spread rity for everyone, a parliament life and thought of the African, of Islam in Africa will lead the of man to settle disputes around namely a thorough knowledge of development of the Africans into a common council table, and a the chief' languages, Professor a blind alley. It cannot give to spiritualized race of men. He emphasizes education and reli- Westermann writes with author- the African the same new gion among the means of attainity. "It would be presumptu- power as Christianity because ing these goals. He writes rather· ous," says Lord Lugard, "for me its roots are not deep enough in rhetorically, with enthusiastic truth and it does not possess the advocacy of American democto praise" a book packed full same capacity for growth" (pp. racy and institutions, and closea with such accurate information. 280-281). These are weighty his book with the declaration The author tells of the anthro- and authoritative words. that "America can live for hun– pological background of man dreds and thousands of years– Regarding the native capacity but not without God." and race in Afric&. We have observations on the Negro mind, of the Negro and his artistic ARTHUR J. BROWN. the economic basis of life, of arts ski II, Professor Westermann and crafts; then illuminating says, "It has not been proved Through Tragedy to Triumph. By- that the Negro (child) in gen- Basil Mathews. 195 pp. Cloth, sketches of family life, the con- eral intelligence and educability $1.00; paper, 60 cents. Friendship tacts of old and new govern- is substantially inferior to the Press, 150 Fifth Avenue, New Yorlments, the supernatural world, white child." Yet the author City.

education and missions, lan- shows how the emotional char- "Through Tragedy to Triguage and education. The two acter of this race requires a dif- umph," written at the special refinal chapters deal with the dis- ferent approach in education quest of missionary societies integration and reintegration and training. In the chapter on both in North America and in due to the clash of races. the supernatural the author Great Britain, will be widely agrees with Wilhelm Schmidt read by men and women in our- The book is almost indispen- and others that throughout all churches this winter. It is a sable to all missionaries in pagan Africa "there is to be found the popular summary of the forces Africa. It does not· deal pri- belief in a high god or Supreme and issues in our world today in marily with those vast regions Being" who is the creator of the midst of which organized of North and East Africa which are Moslem, except that (pp. [ 527 ] 272-281) the author tells how Islam entered and how far this Christianity must contend for urally w.ant to secure the com- that Africa and India, where the plete reports of the Madras its life. meeting now being published in Germans have labored so long There is no doubt left in the a series of seven volumes and no better, more important refer- and so successfully, receive spereader's mind by the author as ence material supplementing Mr. to the ultimate fulfilment of Mathew's presentation is avail- cial attention. We have here God's redemptive pur po s e s able anywhere. For those leadthrough a united world fellow- ing discussions on the post- constructive criticism as well as ship of Christian believers. For Madras missionary challenge, this reason, Mr. Mathew's book these seven volumes will be in- information and all of the chapis a much needed tonic. It de- dispensable. But for the many picts our world with realism and who are interested chiefly in an ters are worthy of careful study. candor. These are tragic and up-to-date and challenging inominous days. Sinister pagan terpretation of the whither A map of the world, showing the forces and idolatries assail the bound of world protestantism, Christian revelation and all that "Through Tragedy to Triumph" distribution of the delegates to for which the Christian Church, will prove both interesting and as the incarnate body of Christ satisfying. It easily lends itself this world conference and two in the w 0 rid, courageously to individual reading or group discussion. Ministers will find score of excellent illustrations, stands. But the end is not yet. it rich in suggestions and ma- Through tragedy we steadily terial for their next so-called help to make the volume attracmove on to triumph. By many "missionary sermon." thrilling accounts of all that is tive. But most important for going on beneath the surface of MILTON STAUFFER. things in every area of the Anglo-Saxon readers is the chapworld's life and thought, Mr. Das Wunder der Kirche unter den Mathews gives us a fresh and Volkern der Erde: Bericht iiber die ter on Die Kirche und die Weltheartening impression of Chris- Weltmissions – Konferenz in Tamtianity's vitality and of the spir- baram 1938. Unter Mitarbeit von: liche Machte by Dr. Knak, toitual resources of Christian D. S. Knak, D. Dr. C. Ihmels, Dr. groups in most remote places. K. Hertenstein, Dr. W. Freytag, gether with the caveat or ex- etc. 212 pp. RM. 4.20. Heraus- Mr. Mathews for many years gegeben von Professor D. M. planation of the German delehas been a keen student of world Schlunk. Evangelische Missions affairs and has had unusual op- Verlag, Stuttgart. gates regarding the missionary portunities for keeping in close touch with the growth and with German delegates, although in message as adopted by the Counthe problems of C h r i s t ian a small minority, played a large churches in every part of our and important part in the Inter- cil. This is found also in the world. Ten years ago he was a national Missionary meetings at delegate to the International Edinburgh and Jerusalem. They official report of the Tambaram Missionary Council meeting in were a bulwark against "Mod- Jerusalem and later interpreted ernism" in the missionary mes- gathering and should not be this Conference to American sage and were referees in many churches in his book entitled, important aspects of the science overlooked. It emphasizes the "Roads to the City of God." of missions. Here we have the Now, as a delegate to the Madras recent Madras meeting, held at eschatological and christological meeting of the International Tambaram, as des c rib e d by Missionary Council, held last twelve outstanding missionaries standpoint of our German breth. December, he has, given us this and administrators of the Gerheartening and challenging por- man churches. Dr. Mar tin reno There is little sympathy trayal of "The World Church in Schlunk contributes a general the World Crisis." Few other account and is editor of the vol- with a so-called "social-gospel" students of the Christian world ume before us. Twelve chapters mission have a more intelligent discuss the themes: The Mes- nor for the identification of soinsight into the underlying is- sage, The Church, The Historical slles now calling for Christian Basis of Missions, The Christian cial and moral progress with the interpretation and solution, and Message in Its Present Environno author of missionary books ment (by Dr. Knak, pp. 74-89) ; Kingdom of God. They conceive has a more facile pen or greater Ambassadors of Christ, The Infaith in the ability of Christian ner-life of the Church, The Min- the real task of the Church to be groups to think and act together. istry, The Church and Financial Support, Church and State, by Word and deed, to bear daily The final chapter is faith's Church Union (by Dr. Harten- Hallelujah Chorus, "The Distant stein); Africa, India, and what witness to Jesus Christ as only Triumph Song." Many members Tambaram teaches. It is natural of American churches will nat- Saviour and to proclaim His atoning death until He comes again. S. M. ZWEMER.

Turgut Lives in Turkey. By Nezahet Nurettin Ege. Illustrated by The- resa Kalab. 8vo. 230 pp. $1.50. Longmans, Green & Co. New York. 1939.

American boys and girls will find this story interesting, for Mrs. Ege describes briefly a boy's life in modern Turkey- the contacts with schools, ba- zaars, mosques, home life, fes- tivals, farms, factories and va- rious experiences in Istanbul and on the Bosphorus. The boys, Turgut and Sami, and the girls, Sevim and Sura, are really too perfect to be true to life, and the life described, as experienced in Turkey, is very different from that pictured by most writers who are familiar with Moslem homes, schools and religion. The story is not written from a Christian viewpoint but the characters are friendly and not very different from the best type of American boys and girls.

Suffering: Human and Divine. By Arrows of the Lord. Leland Wang. Sketches from Penhalonga

119 pp. 18. Marshall, Morgan & Smith. 60 pp. 18. S. P. G. Lon- H. Wheeler Robinson, D.D. Intro- Scott. London. don. duction by Rufus M. Jones. 230 pp. African W omen-A Study of the Ibo Through Tragedy and Triumph. Basil $2.00. Macmillan Company, New of Nigeria. Sylvia Leith-Ross. 368 Mathews. 196 pp. $1.00, cloth; pp. 158. Faber and Faber, Ltd. 60 cents, paper. Friendship Press. York. 1939. London. New York.

In a world such as ours today Builder of Dreams. Ruth Carver Worship on Great Days. A Book for the message of this interesting Gardner and Christine Coffee Boys and Girls. By a Sister of Chambers. 200 pp. $1.00. Board- C. S. M. V. 72 pp. S. P. G. Lonvolume is timely. The problem man Press. Nashville. don. 1939.

of suffering was difficult enough Bridge-Building in South Africa- The World Friendship Room. Nan Lessons on the Work of the Church. F . Weeks. Illus. 83 pp. 35 cents. for Job and his friends, or for Picture Sheets. 70 pp. 18. 1d. Broadman Press. Nashville. S. P. G. London. the writer of the 73rd Psalm. Livingstone. R. J. Campbell, D.D. Bridging the Gulf – Pictures of the Illus. 256 pp. 28. 6d. Livingstone Today it is vaster and more com- Work in South Africa. Daphne Press, London. plex. Nature has revealed its Lambart. 83 pp. lB. S. P. G. London. John Williams Sails On. Cecil Northmysteries to a large extent, but cott. Illus. 255 pp. 58. Hodder & Book of Worship for Villages Stoughton, London. is still "red in tooth and claw." Churches. Edward K. Ziegler. 130 Humanity suffers today as nenr pp. Agricultural Missions Foun- + Kohila. Amy Carmichael. Illus. dation. New York. 187 99 pp. 58. S. P. C. K., before and corporately from so- London. Chinese Industrial Cooperatives. cial, economic and international General Report. 31 pp. Chinese The Land of the Gold Pagoda. F. Industrial Cooperatives. Hong- Deaville Walker. Illus. 152 pp. injustices. The immensity of kong, China. 18. Cargate Prl;lss, London.

space seems to put God further The Course of Christian Missions. + Yesterdays in Persia and Kurdistan. (Revised Edition.) William Owen Frederick G. Coan. xvi 284 pp. away, and the mathematical reg- Carver. 320 pp. $3.00. Revell. $2.50. Saunders Studio Press, New York. Claremont, Calif. ularity of law leaves no room for Day Dawn in Yoruba Land. Charles + Akiga's Story. Translated by Rupert miracle or prayer – so men tell E. Maddry. 218 pp. Broadman East. Illus. xv 436 pp. Oxford Press. Nashville. University Press, London. us. The author stands on the Directory of Protestant Missions im The Exploitation of East Africa. R. rock of Revelation and inter- China. 68 pp. North China Daily Coupland. 507 pp. 258. Faber News & Herald. Shanghai. and Faber, London. prets suffering, not as a problem Everyday Life in South Africa. Two The Cape Coloured People. J. S. only, but as a problem with a Outline Friezes. 18. S. P. G. Marais. Map. 296 pp. 128. 6d. London. Longmans, London. solution. The main factor is sin. The Frozen Guest-A Play in Two + A History of Brazil. JORO Pandh'i To Saul the Jew, suffering was Acts. D. Austen-Leigh. 40 pp. Calogeras. xxviii 374 pp. $5.00. 6d. S. P. G. London. University Press, Chapel Hill, North a problem; to Paul the Christian Carolina. Frontiers of American Life. Pamit became a privilege. The twelve phlet. Mark A. Dawber. 61 pp. + Inside Asia. John Gunther. xii 599 25 cents. Home Missions Council. pp. $3.50. Harper, New York. chapters are of unequal value New York. 128. 6d. Hamish Hamilton, London.

and the latter are more evan- Grace Triumphant. A. W. Baker. + Pioneers of Religious Education. T. 316 pp. 38. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. F. Kinloch. vii 144 pp. 38. 6d. gelical than the earlier ones. London. Oxford University Press, London.

There are traces of a modernistic Hinduism or Christianity. Sydney Fighting Africa's B I a c k Magic. Cave. 237 pp. $2.00. Harper Madge H. Morrill. 155 pp. $1.25. attitude toward the Old Testa- Bros. New York. Pacific Press Publishing Asso., Mountain View, Calif. ment, but generally the book Fannie E. S. Heck. Mrs. W. C. speaks with deep religious in- James. 192 pp. 60 cents. Broad- Today in Manchuria. T. Ralph Mor- man Press. Nashville. ton. Map. 128 pp. 28. 6d. Stusight and clear understanding of dent Christian Movement Press, Life and Letters of Walter W. London. what Christ's suffering meant Moore. J. Gray McAllister. 576 for Him and for us. pp. $2.50. Union Theological Sem- The Friendly Missionary. Nina inary. Richmond, Va. Mullen. 20 pp. 25 cents. Friend- This is a book worthwhile for ship Press, New York. the devotional shelf in every One in Worship. H. P. Thompson. 72 pp. 6d. S. P. G. London. + Mohammed. D. S. Margoliouth, Mission station. Here is the au- D.Litt., F.B.A. vi 151 pp. 58. Over the River – Six Story Lessons Blackie, London. thor's conclusion of the whole for Little Children, with Outline matter: "Suffering must be in- Pictures. 48 pp. 9d. S. P. G. + Israel's Mission to the World. H. H. London. Rowley, D.D. vii 136 pp. 38. 6d. terpreted from within the crea- Student Christian Movement Press, Suffering: Human and Divine. H. London. tive fellowship with God through Wheeler Robinson. 230 pp. $2.00. Macmillan. New York. The White Man's Burden. William Christ. This enables the believer Paton, D.D. 77 pp. 18. 6d. and See Africa. Illustrated Leaflet. 16 28. 6d. Epworth Press, London. to welcome even suffering. as pp. 2d. S. P. G. London. divinely g i v e n opportunity.

Through suffering, we learn both humility and sympathy with others and we have the oppor- tunity to give effective witness to our faith. Fellowship with J e sus implies 'cross-bearing'

with Him." S. M. ZWEMER.

New Boole.

Among the Zulus. Etheldred Waddy. 16 pp. 3d. S. P. G. London.

American Tomorrows. Wayne C. Williams. 192 pp. $1.50. Revell. New York.

never tirest never flinchest never grows

It travels cheaply and works while others sleep.

The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems cooperating with the Nile Mission Press and Interdenominational Committees on the field is paying for the production of Christian literature for many lands and in several languages.

Will you help to meet the challenge of increasing opportunities to send the Gospel in print to Turkey, Egypt, Arabia, India, Iran?

REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., President MRS. WILUAM BANCROFT HILL, Honorary Vice President DELAVAN 1. PIERSON, First Vice President REV. THOMAS S. DONOHUGH, Second Vice President REV. JAMES CANTINE, D.D., Corresponding Secretary MRS. JAMES M. MONTGOMERY, Treasurer Make checks payable to the American Christian Literature Society for Moslems, and send them to the Treasurer, Room 1019, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

HAVE YOU READ?

THE LIFE OF GEORGE BOWEN OF BOMBAY By ROBERT E. SPEER The biography of a remarkable missionary whom the (then) Prince of Wales visited in Bombay at the request of his mother, Queen Victoria.

What some readers say of this book: Robert Speer's "Life of George Bowen of Bombay" is one was so far·sighted and so deep.seeing !-the former because of the richest of missionary biographies. the latter. If one wants to sum up the interests of our DR. J. LOVELL MURRAY, Director of the students today-Biblical, social, theological-Bowen is a representative figure. And what a lesson in apparent failure! Canadian School of Missions, Toronto. . . . I feel strongly that every student and alumnus of our What a life! He was old enough to know why he went, and bad enough to know the meaning of salvation. One by_ Seminary needs this book. What better book to lead them to product of his experience was his wonderful humility-nothing in the show window and himself in the remote back- feed on the Bible. One hears so much "vestibule religion"- ground. It is inspiring. men pointing to the door and taking their people as far as the threshold, but no opening up of the treasures within the DR. GEORGli P. PIERSON, formerly of Japan. Father's House. Read the topics of current sermons, and We must all be grateful for this revealing of the main- Bowen's expositions are precisely what Christians need in order springs of Bowen's character, his abiding faith in God, his to grow from puerility into spiritual maturity. Here is no earnest purpose to be a true and faithful follower of Jesus adolescent, but a man in Christ. This is no volume to be Christ; and his deep·seated conviction that the Gospel of read and dismissed, but to be marked and to be turned to Christ could meet the religious needs of India's people. repeatedly. HENRY SLOANE COFFIN, WILLIAM HAzEN, President of Union Seminary. Missionary in ShoJapur, India. A biography of one of the saintliest figures of the nine- The Memoirs of George Bowen will continue to be for teenth century. I could not put the book down. There is a fascination and a depth in this man's soul which held me in years to come a searching manual of devotion. He has set devout attention. I found myself marking his moving sayings before me an ideal which few could attain; his life is a scathwhich would serve as starting points for chapel talks. He ing rebuke to our ease, comfort, self·indulgence and inef- J. Ross STEVENSON, ficiency.

President Emeritus, Prin(eton Seminary.

Send $2.00 to·day for your copy of this latest book by Dr. Speer THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO.

156 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y.

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1938

1938

A New Survey of Neglected Arabia Samuel M. Zwemer Reality and Romance in Czechoslovakia Joseph Novotny The Universality of Christ E. Stanley Jones Problems of the Churches in Asia Akira Ebisawa Outlook for the Church in India B. L. Rallia Ram The Saintly Surgeon of India Margaret McKellar A New Children's Page Violet Wood 2S Cents a Copy $2.50 a YeaT

to Remember IPIRITUAL REVIVAL IN' FULL

N(lvember 1-3-Nationaf Stewardship The war in China has added greatly to our material burdens. It ha. greatly deepened Convention, Chicago, Ill. the spiritual life of all at the Home and also increased the number we are carinll for Your prayers and aid will now 110 further in winning souls for Christ than perha~ November 6-11-International Good- ever before. Let the appeal of hundreds who are helpless and hopeles. not be in .will Congress. San Francisco, Calif. vain. A little lloes a long way in China• November 20-Thanksgiving Sunday. HOME OJ: ONEJIPHORUJ D~ember 6-9-Biennial meeting of TAlAN, SHANTUNG, CHINA the Federal Council of Churches, . Buffalo, N. Y. This faith work is one of the largest Christian institutions in the Orient. It has been December 13-30-International Mis- consecrated for over twenty years to the rescue of the homeless.

sionary Council, Madras, India. Write today for FREE picture and story of Chinese girl shown in this ad • January 8-10, 1939 – Home Missions also receive "Helping China'. Helpless," telling how God led Rev. and Mrs: Anglin to open the Home and how He blessed the work. a thrilling story. Council, Baltimore, Md. January 23-February 18-Iowa School HOME OF ONESIPHORUS American Office for Missionaries. Iowa State College, 2811 North Racine Avenue Drawer 36 Chicago, nlinois Ames, Iowa. Personal Item. keget; Ins~itute, is convalescing after Obituary Notes a serIOUS Illness. Dr. Carver's discov- eries are known around the world. The Rev. David B. Schneder, D.D., Dr. W. Graham Scroggie, one of a missionary of the Reformed Church the Vice-Presidents of England's Na- Mrs. Prem N* at*h D*as, Vice-Presi- in the U. S. to Japan since 1887, died tional Young Life Council for some in Sendai, Japan, on October 4. Dr. years, now becomes the Free Church dent of Isabella Thoburn College in Schneder was one of the outstanding President of the Movement, to succeed Lucknow, has been chosen as sucees- missionaries and for many years was the late Carey Bonner. He will hold sor to Dr. Mary E. Shannon, Princi- president of the College of North the office jointly with Canon Rowland pal, who retires early in 1939. Mrs. Japan, retiring two years' ago. He Grant. Das is the first Indian to become head was de~orated by the Mikado with the of the first college for women in Asia. Fourth Order of the Rising Sun and *** the Third Order of Sacred Treasure. Dr. Rufus J*one*s *and Dr. Harry He was born in Bowmansville, Pa., Dr. W. A. Visser 't Hooft, of Ge- and was graduated from Franklin neva, has been elected president of the Silcock, representing Quaker Mis- and Marshall College and from Lan- World Student Christian Federation sions of the United States and Eng- caster Theological Seminary. at a meeting in Paris, attended by 120 land, have been visiting China, study- delegates from Australia, India, Java, ing the situation and gathering data, *** South Africa, Canada, United States, preparatory to sending a staff of and nearly all the European countries. workers to open headquarters in Miss Isabel K. MacDermott, ex- Shanghai for the administration of ecutive secretary of the Board of The Russian Student Movement in relief. The Quakers have proved their Trustees of Santiago College in Chile, Exile, having its headquarters in Par- efficiency in this line. died in the Post-Graduate Hospital, is, joined with the French Student New York City, August 12, following Christian Movement as hosts of the a major operation. Miss MacDermott conference. was a teacher in Santiago College Dr. Luther W*esl*ey *Smith, pastor of many years ago. *** the First Baptist Church of Syracuse, *** Rev. Saburo Imai, secretary of the N. Y., has been chosen as Executive Mrs. R. W. Porteous, of Shanghai, Board of Missions of the Japan Meth- Secretary of the American :tJaptist whose capture by communists in 1930 odist Church, is in America as a rep- Publication Society, succeeding Dr. will be remembered, died at Nanchang resentative of his church to the United Owen C. Brown, retired. May 5. Mrs. Porteous went to China Church of Canada. 44 years ago as Emma Forsberg, of Pennock, Minn. She married R. W. *** Dr. James A.*Gr*aha*m, founder and Porteous in 1908, and through their Dr. Robert Bond, president of the united efforts more than 50 outsta- Methodist Conference of Great Brit- director of the Presbyterian Mission . tions were opened in West Central ain, traveled 20,000 miles last year Hospital in Tagbilaran, Philippine Is- Kiangsi. When news was flashed without missing a single engagement. lands, has been declared an adopted around the world in March, 1930, of He attributes this in large measure to son of the Province of Bohol. The the capture of Mr. and Mrs. Porteous the prayers of the membership for declaration, printed on parchment, by communists, multitudes gathered their president. was presented to Dr. Graham in the' to pray for their deliverance. Mter presence of government authorities, being held for three months, they were *** members of Bohol Medical Society and released, having suffered untold hard- Dr. George Washington Carver, other prominent Boholanos. ships and indignities. distinguished Negro scientist of Tus- After a period of recuperation in America, they returned to China in The .Rev. J.*Le*on*Hooper, D.D., 1932 to reopen the Burrows Memorial of the Board of Foreign Missions, Bib~ School in Nanchang. Presbyterian Church, has been asked to extend his service as Acting Secre- *** tary for the portfolio which includes Japan, Korea, Siam and the Philip- Rev. Charles Phillips, of Johannes- pine Islands, for another period of burg, South Mrica, died June 6 at the three months. age of 85. He was a missionary of the London Missionary Society, and *** .later pastor of Ebenezer Congrega- tional Church in Johannesburg. Mrs. F. E. Shotwell has taken up the responsibilities of Western Super- visor of Migrant Work for the Coun- cil of Women for Home Missions. She comes to the Council with a training and experience that fits her peculiarly A practical, effective course in methods for these responsibilities, so ably car- of Chrisuan work and soul·winning. ried on by Miss Adela J. Ballard dur- ing the last ten years of her lifetime. Send 15c in stamp. for curreat iiau.. ' Mrs. Shotwell was a member of the Council staff in 1931-1932 in the Colo- PUBUCATIOMSJHG (Concluded on page 518.) Harrisburg, Pa.

MISSIONARY A missionary to West China voices The great white Empresses

REVIEW OF THE WORLD the view of many missionaries who every speed record to and from are at isolated stations and so are the Orient. 10 days direct to DBUVAN L. PmRBON, B4tto,. deprived of the rich privileges we en- Yokohama by Empress of Asia joy at home. A small living income, or Empress of Russia. Or only VOL. LXI Nov., 1938 No. 11 with heavy expenses, also makes it three days more via Hawaii by difficult for them to buy books and Empress of Japan, largest and Publication and Business 01llce– magazines and they have no public fastest on the Pacific, or Empress Third and Reily Ste., Harrisburg, Pa. libraries. The following letter sug- of Canada. Connect at Honolulu gests a field for loving service: from California ports. Editorial and Executive 01llce– From Vancouver and Victoria 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. "We have been so delighted with to Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, Entered as second-class matter at THE REVIEW . . . Please enter our Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila. subscription so that we will not miss Details from YOUR TRAVEL Post 01llce, Harrisburg, P •., under any issue. It is a source of spiritual AGENT or Canadian Pacific.: Act of March 3, 1879. power and an inspiration to us. 41 offices in U. S. and Canada.

25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. "R. H. THOMAS, Yunnan, China. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Published monthly, except August. * * .. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1938. British agents – Marshall, Morgan A leader in the church in America and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings. volunteers the following: London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy. 10 shillings a year. "There is no magazine which comes to my desk which'I read with more MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- intense interest than the REVIEW. You LISHING CO., INC. are doing a wonderful piece of work BOARD OF DIRECTORS in editing this magazine, and keep- ing the Christian world in touch with ROBERT E. SPEER, Pre,ident the whole realm of missionary ac- A. L. WA.RNBHUIB, Vioe-Pre,ident tivity. I thought the September num- WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer ber especially good." DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary PAUL J. BRAISTED JOHN TIMOTHY STONE, President of the Presbyterian SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT Theological Seminary, Chi- D. J. FANT cago.

MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD *** WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH We can never preach the Gospel SAMUEL M. ZWRMRR with power until we get over the caste spirit. If all Christian workers are Editorial Chat not cured of our spiritual aristocracy, God never will give us the power of The four hundred or more delegates the Holy Spirit in winning souls. to the International Missionary Coun- Peter could not go down to that housecil will soon meet in Madras, India, hold in Caesarea and preach the Gosfor two weeks' conference (December pel with power until he had learned 13 td 30). They, face a difficult situa- that any man, woman, or child in the tion at home and in many mission wide world to whom God sends His fields. The influence and pronounce- Gospel is on equality of right and ments of this conference of leaders privilege with the proudest nobles of should be far-reaching. THE REVIEW the earth. ARTHUR T. PIERSON. has asked a number of delegates to write impressions of the conference Personal Items and to secure papers from those who make the most important contributions (Concluded from second cover.) -especially native Christian leaders from each field. Among those who are rado migrant camps and during the to give our readers their views of the succeeding years as a teacher devoted situation and their reactions to the her summers to working in migrant conference discussions are: Dr. John projects in California, Oregon, and R. Mott (Chairman), Dr. Paul W. Washington. Harrison of Arabia, Dr. Frank W. Price of China, Mr. Kenneth Grubb of Dr. Mary E. *Sha*nn*on, Principal of the World Dominion Movement, Dr. H. Kerr Taylor of Nashville and Dr. Isabella Thoburn College at Lucknow, H. Kraemer of Holland. These are re- India, has been awarded the Kaiser-iquested to give us not only their own Hind medal, for conspicuous public views, but the views of Nationals service. Miss Shannon has presented from various lands. Later we will her resignation from the college, to announce the plans made to present take effect early in 1939. the most vital themes discussed at Madras before the churches in Amer- Americans are too prone to identify ica. Do not miss these reports. the Kingdom of God with democratic liberalism: There may be a place in *** the Kingdom of God for the Authori- tarian State; but there can be no N ow is the time to plan for Christ- place for the Totalitarian State.- mas. Nothing you can send to a mis- Rev. Howard Chandler Robbins, New sionary friend (at home or abroad) York. or to a pastor or other intelligent Christian friend will be of greater The Church has denied the univerinterest and value, to keep them in- sality of Christianity by its divisions formed on world conditions and the over doctrine, race and nationality. progress of Christianity, than a year's It has itself erected the barriers that subscription to THE REVIEW. (Note separate Christianity from Christ.- our special offer on the back cover of T. Z. Koo, Shanghai, China. this issue.) [ 513]

'.r:TlI

AMERICAN-ARABIAN MISSION-MASON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, BAHRAIN NEGLECTED ARABIA-A STffEET SCENE IN HOFUF-HASA (see article by Dr. S. M. Zwemer-page 519) REVIB ORLD VOLUME LXI AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 11 NOVEMBER, 1938 Topics of the Times THE PRESENT CRISIS IN ASIA program for a representative government under About fifty years ago, a book was published an Indian parliament. Mr. Gandhi, Jawaharlal which greatly influenced the missionary thinking Nehru and other leaders cannot agree on a plan and activity of the Christian Church. It was fo~ effecti,:e cooperation. Suspicion and jealousy stir up strIfe among Moslems, Hindus Sikhs and called "The Crisis of Missions," * and was the re- Christians in the desire for a controlli'ng voice in the government. Proportionate representation in sult of a careful study of world conditions and the parliament is a great bone of contention. opportunity before the Christian Church. At that time doors long closed were opening to the mes- A year ago the political problem in China sengers of Christ in all lands. God was calling but seemed on the way to a satisfactory solution, with the Church was giving only a feeble response- Sun Yat Sen's "Principles" to guide the national not more than ten thousand missionaries to the program, and with strong unselfish Christian leadten hundred million unevangelized. One out of ership in the government. Then came the Japaevery 15,000 Protestants was a missionary and nese absorption of Manchuria and the cruel and the annual gifts for work abroad amounted to only unwarranted invasion of China by the Japanese about $10,000,000. In the next ten or fifteen war machine. Meanwhile Western nations look years the number of missionaries doubled and the supinely on, with disapproval but still supply gifts multiplied four fold. A spiritual awakening Japan with war materials for the murderous camalso came to Christians at home; prayer and mis- paign. In the midst of this agonizing strife China sionary training increased; the progress of the is more united than ever before. Gospel in many lands was rapid and transforming. Then came the World War which resulted But Japan too is passing through a political in a great slump in the spiritual life of the crisis. With the military dictatorship in control churches. Non-Christian nations became more and the fear of communism ever present; with the suspicious of outside influences and were more common people kept in ignorance of the real eager for self-determination in politics, education situation; with the theory of a "divine Emperor" and religion. But the seeds of Truth had been hanging in the balance, and with growing antagplanted; Christ had been preached and His life onism and distrust between Japan and most of the had been exemplified so that the work has con- countries of Europe and America-no one can tell what a day may bring forth. Korea has already tinued to grow. felt the evil effects of this political despotism and Today there is a new crisis in Asia. Anyone there everything is being Japanized by force.

even slightly informed can see the dangers and The social and economic crisis in Asia is also the opportunities, especially in Moslem lands, in appar~nt. India is continually fighting poverty, India, in China and in Japan. The turning of the but wIth some success under British guidance. The tide in one direction means retrogression or dis- caste system, which has been her bane, shows aster; turned Godward it means progress and signs of breaking down under the leadership of new life. The crisis in these lands is threefold- Dr. Ambedkar and through the preaching of the political, social and economic, educational and re- Gospel of Christ. Fifty years ago what is taking place today-with the opening of schools and publigious. lic wells and government positions to outcastes- The political crisis in India is due to the mlw * "The Crisis of Missions," by Arthur T, Pierson, published In would have been thought impossible.

1886, went through many editions, [ 515]

In China, the fear of communism has passed- who declares that although he was born a Hindu if Japanese aggression can be stopped. Public he will not die a Hindu.

improvements in roads and other means of com- Enough has been said to call attention to the munication; the development of natural resources present crisis in these great nations of Asia. It and trade, and the improvement in social ideals is a time of danger and of opportunity-of danger were showing great progress-and then came lest the people retrograde into confusion, depres- Japan as an instrument of destruction. But sion and opposition to Christ and His program; China's power to resist and to recuperate has been a time of opportunity when through vital union proved through the centuries. with Christ they may be brought through to true The social and economic situation in Japan and liberty and peace, to social and economic progress Korea is serious. The war is estimated to cost and to new spiritual life and power.

Japan $5,000,000 a day and the people are feeling The Way to Victory the depression more and more. They are being heavily taxed and are commanded to omit all lux- What is the way of victory? Politically it is not uries and many things considered necessities. the way of greater armies, navies and air bat- Hundreds of thousands of wage earners are being talions; it is not by accepting the supremacy of killed in China. Koreans also are suffering ac- communistic, fascist, or socialistic lead~rs; it is cutely from Japanese taxation and exploitation. not even through pacifism or a peaceful struggle The Educational and Spiritual Crisis for political control. Christ and the apostles lived in a time of political oppression and the de- The educational and spiritual crisis in Asia is pendence on armed force, but they sought peace intimately linked with the political and economic by obedience to laws that did not defy the laws situation. Materialism and atheism are strug- of God, by love that suffers long and is kind and gling against Christ and His principles of love, by preaching Christ as the Saviour and Lord of justice and freedom. all. "When the foundations are destroyed, what can the righteous do?" They can stilI be right- In Japan and Korea, Christian education is eous, trust God and stand true to Him-even unto threatened with extinction, as emperor worship death. and attendance at the Shinto shrines is being required of Christians and non-Christians alike. Socially and economically the way of victory is Japanese and Koreans were fast becoming edu- not by a new social setup or through the adoption cated in Christian truth, enlightened customs and of certain economic principles-for self-seeking ideals, but now the government is fast taking all men to disregard. In the time of Christ, social ineducation under its control and is depriving the justice was everywhere apparent, slavery and people of the religious liberty promised by the poverty prevailed and there was a great gulf beconstitution. The alternative is being offered- tween the rich and the poor. Christians met the Baal or Jehovah, Diana or Christ, God as re- crisis not by advocating 3 redistribution of wealth, vealed in the Bible or Shinto. or even the immediate liberation of slaves, but by proclaimIng the law of love, by preaching and In China, in the midst of political and economic practicing justice and by showing that God is no distress, there seems to be a spiritual awakening respector of persons. They revealed the truth that and greater religious freedom. Whereas Christian riches consist not in accumulated wealth but that teaching was excluded from the schools under re- character and contentment come from honest toil, cent laws, the loyalty of Christians and the sacri- brotherly dealings and an unselfish, wise steward- ficial service of missionaries in caring for the ship of time, talents and possessions.

wounded and destitute has now brought permis- The educational and spiritual needs were seen sion to make Christian teaching a part of school in the days of the early Church. These needs were and college curriculums. Spiritual revivals and met, not by great united campaigns or by the a new earnestness in prayer and new power in establishment of institutions, they were met by Christian testimony are reported from all over uplifting Christ and by teaching His truth to all China today. so that new desires and ambitions were awakened, India, too, is in a spiritual crisis. Hinduism new life and power were imparted and the call of seems to be making a desperate last stand. Evan- God was heard for the establishment of a new gelistic campaigns are spreading and several thou- order.

sands every month are coming forward to confess The secret of meeting every crisis effectively- Christ. The dissatisfaction of Depressed Classes be it political, social, economic, educational, spirit- with Hinduism may lead to a tremendous exodus ual, national, missionary or personal-is to take into the Christian or possibly into the Moslem God into account; it is to bring men and women fold. Many take the position of Dr. Ambedkar into such vital relation to God through Christ,

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

that new life will come to them, with new aims territory with over 15,000,000 inhabitants. These and energy, new intelligence and a keen desire include Czechs of Bohemia (Monrovia and Sefor knowledge; a new sense of justice; new love lesia) Slovaks, Germans, Poles, Jews, Russians, for God and man and new power to carry out His Hungarians and other races ,and nationalities. Twoprogram. Is there any other way? thirds are Czechoslovaks. The predominant re- ligion is Roman Catholic; they are reported to THE PLIGHT OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA number ten million. Under President Masaryk the country enjoyed prosperity for twenty years. Before 1918 there was no political division in Multitudes have left the Roman Catholic church to Europe named Czechoslovakia. The land and become Protestants who number about 1,130,000. people were a part of Austria-Hungary for three hundred years. Then came the Versailles Treaty What should be the attitude of Christians in and as a penalty for fighting a losing warfare such a crisis? What would be the attitude of Austria-Hungary was divided, part of the terri- Christ? While we have obligations to the govtory and people going to Rumania and Poland, ernment and the land in which we live, our true part to the new nations of Hungary and Yugo- dtizenship is not of this world. The basis for our slavia and part to Czechoslovakia. The people peace and welfare is not a human government of seemed satisfied with this allocation and Prof. our own choosing. Some of the greatest Chris- T. G. Masaryk, the high-minded and wise patriot tians have been developed under most unfavorwas elected the first president. All seemed to go able circumstances-in the ancient Roman Emwell while the nations were struggling to recover pire, in Russia, in France and Spain during days from the economic effects of the war and while of persecution, in Turkey under the Sultan, and Germany was weak and unarmed. Now, twenty in every mission field where Christianity has years after the war ended and peace treaties sought to gain a foothold. Christ Himself warned were signed, the provisions of the Treaty of His disciples that in this world they must ex- Versailles relating to Czechoslovakia are scrapped. pect hardship and persecution; He called Saul the Germany, under the dominating leadership of persecutor to become His missionary, showing Adolph Hitler, has rearmed in such a formidable him, not what a comfortable successful time he way that the Reich feels strong enough to disre- would have, but "how great things he must suffer" gard other European nations. After taking over for the sake of Christ. all of Austria, without a battle, he has demanded large sections of Czechoslovakia where "Sudeten Christians and the Christian Church are called Germans" are living, and has captured their ter- to work unfalteringly for a better world, to preach ritory under threat of a general European war. and practice peace; to feed the hungry, heal the Already he has marched in to take possession of sick, care for the fatherless and widows; to preach fortifications, cities, health resorts, natural re- and practice righteousness and brotherly love in sources, and many industrial plants on which the the name of Christ and in the power of the Holy Czechoslovakian Government has depended for Spirit. In Czechoslovakia, as in Spain and Ethieconomic and military strength. The end is not opia, in China and Korea, Christians pray for yet; while the four parties to the new agreement- courage as they face conflicts and ungodly human Germany, France, Great Britain and Italy-have dictators; they are not discouraged in the midst supposedly guaranteed the new boundaries of the of trials; true followers of Christ will witness to shrinking republic, Herr Hitler is not satisfied. Him and will resolve to love even their enemies He sees that the other nations fear modern war- and to pray for rulers and for those who "despitefare and its terrible results, as he does not, and fully use and persecute them." Czechoslovakia and therefore he stands ready to demand more conces- other lands may be ravaged by war and torn by sions to add to his territory in Europe-and fire, sword and pestilence but the life of the probably will demand a return of former German Christian is "hid with Christ in God." colonies. Poland and Hungary also are demanding slices of Czechoslovakia inhabited by some of War is a taste of hell on earth but there is sometheir people. It is as though Mexico were strong thing even worse than the mental and physical enough to demand United States territory in the horrors of warfare-namely the utter spiritual southwest, in which Mexicans have made their homes. The Czechoslovaks were ready to fight darkness of those whose lives are alienated from for their land but could not do it alone, when God. There is much that Christians can do for abandoned by their allies who had guaranteed the suffering people of Czechoslovakia, and of their boundaries. other stricken lands, in this hour of their dire Czechoslovakia has had 54,250 square miles of need. Christian love is not merely a pious senti- ment, it is a divine dynamic that operates for practical and Godlike ends.

SO THIS IS INDIA TODAY* strong even where the leaders themselves are not "The earthquakes that have rattled our bun- Christians. galow are as nothing compared with the movements which are changing the whole life of Agriculture and industry: India has resources, India," writes an experienced missionary in look- physical and spiritual, that are undeveloped by ing over the scene-political, social, and religious any of her old religions. These schools are a part -which now confronts Christian forces. "I have of the answer which missionaries are making to never seen the foundations of society shaken as the question, "How important are 700,000 villages they are today." and their inhabitants?"

India has a population three times that of the It is impossible to separate the work of the United States; 200 languages in use; climate Kingdom of God into given classifications. The ranging from tropical to subarctic; a rigid social doctor and the nurse, the industrial teacher and and religious system which is now giving way the rural expert, the minister and the woman: before modern conditions; five widespread re- evangelist, the teacher and the administrative ligions, besides innumerable minor faiths. In the officer, are but parts of the whole force of Chrismidst of all this we find that Christianity is in- tians who have put their gifts of trained and decreasing much more rapidly in proportion than voted lives at the service of Christ to make India a part of the Kingdom which shall not end.

the population! These few facts underly the cur- rent work in India. Behind the familiar state- THE CRISIS AMONG NEGROES ments are rapid changes in life and psychology such as have never before confronted India. According to President Mordecai Johnson of Howard University in Washington, D. C., the Christians set the standards for the education Negro is in a worse state today than he was beand training of women, and the women of India fore the depression, and in the most precarious are responding with zeal and unselfishness. Chris- position he has been since 1880. Dr. Johnson tians set standards for the improvement of village feels that his people are likely to lose in the next life; for lifting the level of rural millions above ten years the greater proportion of all they have the line of desperate poverty; for care of body gain~d, unless steps are taken to avert this disand soul in hospitals and clinics. Education is aster. This is an opinion to challenge the attenmore widespread, leadership for and by the mem- tion of every public-minded citizen, and every bers of the Depressed Classes is vigorous and friend of our Negro millions. The problem of vocal. The high percentage of illiteracy has made providing work for the vast reservoir of unemthe goal of Christian workers "Every Christian ployed Negro labor rising out of the maladjusta reader by 1941." "Never mind lunch," was the ments of the cotton plantation system in the South cry of a group of women. "We can get food later; is a colossal one to attack, and one far out of the we can't get a teacher when this meeting is over!" scope of anyone church to solve. The Church must be aware tha.t such a problem exists, else Medical work: Missionary doctors (men and how can it help to create a public opinion which women) and nurses, work with an Indian staff of will demand that some national attempt at a soludoctors and nurses in hospitals and dispensaries. tion be made? The problem resolves itself into a They treat tuberculosis and leprosy as well as the concern about educated young Negroes, willing more common ills of India. and eager to work at anything that will pay a liv- ing wage, unable to find a niche, rebuffed and hu- Schools and universities: Union and denomina- miliated frequently in the search for honest work, tional colleges and schools are scattered over all India.

Evangelistic work is conducted in evangelistic and excluded from most of the opportunities to meetings, in churches, schools and hospitals. earn a decent living. Many possibilities are auto- Mass movements are again in progress as they matically closed to the young Negro and he starts were a generation ago. Political as well as social out with a defeatist attitude, knowing that he will influence is largely against these movements, ow- be lucky to work into some elevator or service'

ing to the fact that voters are registered by reli- job; that there are not even too many of these, gion. If means were at hand to train them, the and that he will automatically get less money for missions could use many more Indian evangelistic his work than his white neighbor.

workers to help to seize so great an opportunity. What the Church can do is problematic; what Women's work: Women are making history in individuals can do is just as complicated; but India, from political leaders to village workers. there is one thing all can do-we can become in- Some are Christians but the Christian influence is formed and interested. Each person can examine his own practical Christianity.

• Extracts from Monday Morning, a weekly paper for Presbyterian -Virginia Ray, in the Presbyterian Tribune. pastors.

A New Survey of Neglected Arabia*

By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Princeton, New Jersey -.~ Author of "Arabia, the Cradle of Islam," etc., etc., one of the ~- Founders of the Arabian Mission of the Reformed Church in America FIFTY years ago the tragic death of Ian Keith- The backward s·tate of the "As·ir highlands, intended Falconer at Aden called the attention of the by nature to be a paradise, is the inevitable result of world to Arabia. His memorable words man's inability to live at peace with his neighbors." Yet stirred the student world of his day: "While vast here nature and man h.ave cer.tainly combined to create a continents are shrouded in almost utter darkness scene of astonishing beauty, and it seemed to me that man had actually outdone nature in their friendly rivalry.

and hundreds of millions suffer the horrors of Imagine a great tableland thrust up to a height of 9000heathenism and Islam, the burden of proof rests 9500 feet, towering above the tumbled mountains and upon you to show that the circumstances in which valleys of the Tihama on one side and the endless expanse God has placed you were meant by Him to keep of mountains and desert on the other. The surface of the p·lateau, plunging steeply down on one side in a series of you out of the foreign field." splendid buttresses, slopes gently on th.e other in the The burden of the unoccupied areas of the curves of graceful valleys, forming huge theaters, for world rested on the Edinburgh Missionary Con- which man has provided the seats in terrace after terference nearly thirty years later. (Witness the race of cornfields. In the middle of Jurie the corn was ripe, and I shall never forget that scene of golden ears report and the literature on the subject at that soughing and howing under the gentle· breeze, terrace time.) The subject was practically shelved at the after terrace, down the mighty flanks of those moun- Jerusalem Council Meeting in 1928, and the sur- tains, whose steeper slopes nature had reserved for her vey by Charles H. Fahs was not even printed in own planting-a dense forest of junipers and other trees the eight-volume report. Now the World Domin- extending down to the 7500-foot level. And in the fields and forest the !birds rejoiced.

ion Movement, in its series of Survey Volumes, The natural boundaries of Arabia are not in has laid emphasis not only on what the Christian degrees of lattitude or longitude. The great "Is- Church has done and is doing, but especially upon land of the Arabs," as they themselves call it, has the vast unfinished task and the great unoccupied its geographical and historical area accurately areas. Their latest volmne deals with Arabia- expressed in the thrice repeated promise of the long neglected and now the hardest battleground Old Testament "from sea to sea and from the in the spiritual conflict with Islam. Dr. Harold I. Storm (who is chiefly respon- river unto the ends of the earth." Iraq and sible for the Survey and has written all of the Transjordania are of Arab speech, race and trachapters except one, which is by Mrs. Storm) dition; the great northern desert has been the has probably traveled more widely across the tenting ground of the Arab since the dawn of Arabian peninsula than any other missionary. history.

His recent tour took him across the peninsula Dr. Storm's survey is the first complete survey from east to west and inland to Asir, Yemen, and of Arabia today as a mission field. Until the year the cities of Hadramaut. The beautiful photo- 1889, this vast area was considered a closed land. graphic illustrations in this volume reveal some- Dr. Eugene Stock, then Secretary of the Church thing of the variety of Arabian landscape. Missionary Society, in an address at the Ecu- Arabia is not all desert. It has fertility and menical Missionary Conference held in New York beauty. H. St. John Philby has recently made an in 1900, said: "The greatest of all these unen- extensive journey to the Land of Sheba (Geo- tered countries, which is very rarely mentioned graphical Journal, July, 1938) through the great in missionary accounts, is Arabia. There is that Wady of Nejran, where Christians died martyrs great Arab race, the children of Abraham as before the days of Mohammed. Here is his pic- much as are the Jews, waiting for the Gospel; ture of one unoccupied province of Arabia. Does but we cannot get in to preach it. The Lord will it not come as a challenge?: open that door when we have entered the doors • "Whither Arabia?" By Harold Storm, M.D., IIlus. $1.50. Pub- already open." Why did this missionary stateslished by the World Dominion Movement, New York and London. man and historian consider Arabia "the great- [ 519]

est" of all the unoccupied fields and speak of «the Dr. Storm shows that the Arabs are a great great Arab race"? race in origin and destiny, and are capable of great achievement. Physically they are undoU'bt- Of all the lands comparable to Arabia in size, edly one of the strongest races of the world, a and of all the peoples who in any way approach survival of the fittest in an environment that kills the Arabs in historical interest and influence, no off the weaklings. The character, influence and country and no nationality (as Prof. Hitti re- literature of the Arabic language witnesses to the .marks) has received "so little consideration and genius of the people and of their prophet Moham- study in modern times as have Arabia and the med, through his book. A certain degree of sim- Arahs." Arabia is one of the great Bible lands, ilarity in human character, and an even greater has an area of a million square miles and is the similarity of language and custom and religion, probable cradle of the Semitic race which has prevails over the entire area where Arab migra- given the world its three great theistic faiths: tion brought Islam in its early conquest. Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Who can say whether what happened in the The Arabs have been world-conquerors and ex- seventh century may not occur again in the twen- plorers. They traveled from the Pillars of Her- tieth, if Christ should capture the Arab heart and cules (Gibraltar) to the coasts of China and in Arabs become messengers of the Gospel as, they the period of their greatest expansion "assim- once were of the Koran? ilated to their creed, speech and even physical type more aliens than any stock before or since, The exploration and mapping of the Arabian not excepting the Hellenic, the Roman, the Anglo- peninsula has made vast strides during and since Saxon or the Russian." Israel's tradition in the the World War. When Hogarth wrote his book, "The Penetration of Arabia," there were still A GORGE IN THE TUWAIG MOUNTAINS, ARABIA large areas unexplored and unmapped. Since the time of Doughty, the work of men like Lawrence, Old Testament reveals most intimate relations Shakespeare, Cheeseman, Rutter, Philby, Freya with Arabia and Arab life, both on their eastern Stark, Vander Meulen, and last but not least, frontier and on the south, even to distant Ha- Bertram Thomas, have given us a picture of dramaut; The Hebrew literary genius, as Dr. Arabia and its inhabitants with very few gaps Macdonald has indicated, also shows kinship with remaining. But this latest survey by Dr. Storm Arabia. 'Their literature throughout all their his- is a missionary survey of the field. tory, and to this day, in its method of production and in its recorded forms is of Arab scheme and The new forces that have at last stirred it may type." An index of all the Scriptural references now arouse patriarchal and nomad Arabia from to Arabia and Arabian Bedouin life includes its stagnation. The tide of Western trade and twenty-five books of the Old and five of the New culture came after the earliest missionary occupa- _ Testaments. tion fifty years ago, and has made the task of evangelization at once easier and yet more dif- There is no land in the world and no people ficult. All Arabia faces a new future and this (with the exception of Palestine and the Jews) volume may well ask "whither?". which bear such close relation to the Theocratic covenants and Old Testament promises as do A recent British writer weighs the question: Arabia and the Arabs. The divine promises for "The desert is undoubtedly the clue to the history the final victory of the Kingdom of God in Arabia of the Arabs. Relentless yet free, it has made the are many, definite and glorious. These promises Arab what he is, essentially virile, essentially group themselves around seven names which have chivalrous, essentially spendthrift, essentially fa- from time immemorial been identified with the talistic. Critics have said that the Arab is so lazy peninsula of Arabia: Ishmael, Kedar, N ebaioth, that he has largely made his own deserts rather Sheba, Seba, Midian and Ephah. than that the deserts have made him. Such critics are uJikind and superficial." He goes on to point out that today the Arab has changed. He has a broader horizon and a new sense of nationalism. The Arab is potentially a traveler and has made history outside of Arabia. The excellent maps that accompany the Survey indicate at once the tribal disunity of Arabia and its religious, social and linguistic unity.

As Dr. Storm points out, every year the motor car is penetrating further into neglected Arabia. Communications between every part of the Penin- sula were never so rapid and universal. The

A NEW SURVEY OF NEGLECTED ARABIA

Arabic papers and books from Cairo, Beirut, station is a majority. Arithmetic fails when you Damascus, and Baghdad reach every part of the deal with spiritual realities. Yet it is the im- Peninsula. Surely all this is a challenge to hasten ponderable forces of the Spirit of God which will the work of Christian evangelization. Thirteen determine victory or defeat in Arabia. The three centuries of history prove that there is little hope principal missions in the peninsula are the Amerfor Arabia in Islam. ican Mission on the Persian Gulf, the United Church of Scotland at Aden, and the Danish REPLACING THE ARABIAN CAMEL Church Mission in Yemen. The number of Chris- Longest motor coach in the world-carrying passengers from tians connected with these missions is very small, but their faith and faithfulness is very great. Damascus to Baghdad. Here is a book that truly tells of "Faith" Mis- sions! What Islam has done and has not done for the land of its birth can be read in the fascinating Because we believe that the imponderables of bO.Qks of unprejudiced explorers who, from the the Kingdom of Light are on our side, we believe days of Burckhardt and Niebuhr until those of that "opportunity" is not the last word in mis- Philby and Freya Stark, penetrated the vast sions. The appeal of the closed door is often even peninsula and have portrayed not only the land greater than that of the one which is open. The but the people. Doughty's two volumes are an en- open door beckons; the closed door may be a chalcyclopedia on the effect of Islam in molding the lenge to God's authority. It is the strength of character of the desert Arab. There could be no these imponderable forces-that is to say the stranger indictment of Islam than the fruit of reality of the Invisible, which enables the misthat faith in the character and lives of the Arabs sionary beneath the walls of an Arabian city, or as Doughty portrays them. in its borderlands, to look upward with confidence and to see by faith the future result of his toil in The present Survey does not deal very largely "the great multitude which no man could numwith Islam as a religion but points out the suc- ber"-a world where statistics are inadequate to cess and the further urgent opportunity for express realities, where finance and budgets have Christian missions, especially medical missions. lost all significance and gold is used for paving Dr. and Mrs. Storm are very modest in pointing stones. out what has been achieved in the past five decades. One cannot measure success here by statis- Success is not always measured by numbers tics, although we have tables and figures of nor victory by majorities. "Not by might nor by schools, hospitals and dispensaries. The Arabian peninsula, seen from the back of a camel, is much MODERN AIRPLANE TRAVEL IN ARABIA larger than on the map. Here "one dot may represent 10,000 Moslems"; there, one Moslem power, but by my Spirit, saith the Lord." Here represents ten thousand difficulties in evangelism. is a new challenge to students in our colleges for Some things cannot be put into tables and figures. the great adventure. After you read this "New You cannot tabulate loneliness nor plot the curve Survey," help to pray through to a successful conof hope deferred which makes the heart sick. Yet clusion the task that God has set before His these are the things that make the difference be- Church in this great and still neglected peninsula. tween the shedding of ink and the shedding of blood. The end of the geographical and ethnological survey is only the beginning of the missionary enterprise. One man with God at a mission

and Romance in Czechoslovakia

By REV. JOSEPH NOVOTNY, D.D., International Baptist Seminary, East Orange, N. ,.

1'. DECENTLY the little democracy of central of the "Unitas Fratrum," and introduced believ- Europe, Czechoslovakia, has become front er's baptism into the Bohemian Brethren Church. page news. In spite of the general interest Count Tolstoy professed himself his admirer and aroused, few readers seem to be acquainted with disciple. The Bohemian Brethren Church of old the country, its problems and the present religious is sometimes called today "the most beautiful situation. blossom on the tree of Christianity since the time According to one of the best Czechoslovakian of the apostles." Comenius was the great religious leader of the "Unitas Fratrum," the teacher of historians, Dr. Kamil Krofta, the foreign minister nations, who was called to Harvard as president, of the Czechoslovakian Government, the Czecho- is a man who is not valued enough. We are only slovaks were already in the present countries beginning to understand what he meant, not only which form Czechoslovakia as early as the second, for the Czechoslovaks but for the culture of the or perhaps in the first, century of the Christian era. world. The Moravian Church of today has its In the fourth century, when people were seek- origin in the work of Chelcicky and Comenius.

ing new homes, and the Slavs, the most numerous Czechoslovaks are the only Slavs who adopted white race in the world who had their cradle in the Reformation and followed it for two hundred the south of Russia, divided into different groups. years. It was an eminently religious country, The Czechoslovaks, although comparatively few "The Land of Book and Cup." There is a proverb, in number, showed the greatest energy and went which has its origin in the time of Hus: "The furthest west of all the Slavs. A few who went Husitic woman knows the Bible better than the further were drowned in the German Sea. The priest." The Czechoslovaks printed the first Czechoslovak land looks like a finger of the great Bible in a living tongue-New Testament in 1475, Slav hand pointing other Slavs to Western culture the whole Bible in 1488, in Prague. For the man of which he became the interpreter. Being the who daily reads and meditates in the Bible they center of Europe, and having high mountains as a coined a word, pismak, which cannot be translated natural frontier, the Czechoslovak was able, dur- into any other language. Nowhere is the Lord's ing the many hundreds of years of Germanizing Supper held in higher esteem than among the efforts of his neighbors, to remain a Czechish Czechoslovaks. The old independent Protestant peninsula in the German Sea. His chief connec- Czech State was a land of liberty, with the kingtion with his Slav brethren has been the Poles to democrat, George of Podebrad, who was a Czechothe north. slovak citizen, chosen king because of his spiritual The Czechoslovaks accepted Christianity as nobility. This Reformation movement was transpreached to them by the two Greek brethren, planted into Slovakia so that half of the popula- Cyrill and Methodius. This fact is the reason tion became Protestants and they use the Czech why the Czechoslovaks, while for the most part Bible and hymnals today. Roman Catholics, have not been strong followers Another fact which shows the missionary spirit of Rome. of the Czechoslovaks in the dawn of the Reforma- The Protestant Reformation ideas took root in tion, is of spiritual interest to all Anglo-Saxons. Bohemia and in the other Czechoslovak territory. When Scotland was still Roman Catholic, but had The greatest man that the Czechoslovak nation some friends of Reformation ideas, they sent to produced, John Hus, was not the first or only re- Prague a message in which they asked for a former. He had many forerunners. His clever representation of the Reformation ideas in the colleague was Jerome of Prague, and his spiritual cradle of Reformation. The Czechs sent a whole successor, Peter Chelcicky, a man who was born expedition, the leader of which, Pavel Kravar, was too soon, an apostle of world peace and separation professor in the Prague University. In his adoptof State and Church. He was the spiritual father ed country he became known as Paul Crawer, or [522 ] LlTBUAN7A·…,~ R U S S I A i,i .,;•J • MOSCOW • "~L" .-….'r""'~-Y.""'-.., iI" uK RAI N.E .A·,. "• Scale of Miles 100 200 30, 0 40, 0 THE THEATER OF TUR'MOIL IN EUROPE TODAY A Herald-Tribu.ne map showing the portions of Czechoslovakia acquired by Germany. These areas comprise about 11,500 square miles (nearly the size of Belgium), with 3,500,000 inhabitants, living along the Western, Northern and Southern boundaries.

Craw; he preached the Gospel in Scotland for tants in Bohemia by Roman Catholic Austria. The three years, and was burned as a heretic at St, Andrews in 1433. Jesuits and soldiers entered the land and tried to Peter Paine, an early English Reformer, who "convert" the people with sword and fire. They was banned from his native country because of his "heretic" beliefs, found a refuge in the free beheaded twenty-seven Czech religious leaders country of Bohemia, and died there in peace, known as "Brother English." The center and spir- and passed a law that everybody who would not itual stronghold of the Reformation ideas was the Czech University of Prague, the oldest one in be Roman Catholic must leave the country or Central Europe, founded in 1348. die. Many died, many left the country without When America was discovered, and many left their homeland to seek gold, the Czechoslovaks their property, so that although Bohemia, before revealed a thirst after pure religion, and sent abroad an expedition to find the best Christians in the Thirty Years' war, had over three millions of the world and to bring home their experience. inhabitants, after the war there were left only Meanwhile the religious divisions were serious. When civil war broke out in 1618, the Austrians eight hundred thousand people. The property of invaded the land and the tragic battle near Prague was a precursor of the end of the inde- the Protestant Czechs (which amounted to five pendent Protestant Czechoslovak State. Emperor Ferdinand of Austria proclaimed that he would hundred million gold crowns, according to the rather see Czechoslovakia a desert than a Protestant country. Few pages of history show such a historian, Bilek) was given to the Roman Catholic dark record as those of the persecution of Protes- Church, nobility, and the Emperor. Three hun- dred years of persecution followed, the history of which a Czech can read only with a bleeding heart.

The Roman Catholic German-Austrians largely succeeded in turning the Czech Protestant land into a Roman Catholic country.

To make the nation forget their national hero, John Hus, the Jesuits brought out a fictitious John (Nepomuk), and named him the nation's patron saint in 1729. .

A dark period followed in Czech history. In

the forests and mountains remained the true out of three who were born in the last year of the pismaks, readers of the Bible, although the Bible war died because of the weakness of their mothwas proclaimed a forbidden book which the ers. In spite of this persecution, the nation kept Jesuits told the people not to read and many were the motto of John Hus: "Woe to those who, for a taken away by force. In order that Catholic serv- piece of bread, sell the truth." ants might not touch the "poisoned books," they carried them in chains, and the priests burned When the war was near at an end, the Czechothem in the churchyards. One Jesuit leader pro- slovaks couldwait no longerfor thearmistice. When claimed openly that he (Konias) had burned sixty they saw that their oppressor grew weaker and thousand Bohemian Bibles and Protestant re- the Allies stronger, they thought that the moment ligious books. In order to find hidden Bibles it is had arrived for their liberation. On the twentyrecorded that the Jesuits used to wear shoes with eighth of October, 1918, Prague was aroused to nails when they went to the fields where the peo- enthusiasm. Crowds crying, "Liberty! Hurrah ple were working barefoot. Trampling on their for the Allies!" were marching through the feet, they asked where they kept their Bibles. streets. People went about kissing and embracing People often went from one village where there each other. The Czechoslovaks are proud that was no Bible to a village where there still was a their greatest day in history was not stained by a Bible and offered a loaf of bread to be allowed to single drop of blood, even by the "enemy." The read and learn parts by heart, in order to share Austro-Germans feared the day of liberation its contents with their neighbors when they re- would be a day of vengence-therefore they turned. closed the doors and windows of their houses in fear. But the new government sent messengers In these dark th'ree hundred years the Protes- to the Germans to open their houses, with the tant Czechoslovaks had to fight Vienna and Rome, message that they need not be afraid as the nation that together tried to Germanize and to Roman- did not intend to persecute anybody in the new ize the nation. Therefore it came about that every State. Czechoslovak was filled with a" hatred against this dualism, and as he read history the antago- When Czechoslovakia was liberated, it seemed nism was doubled. only natural that the national liberation should be crowned by a religious liberation. The Czecho- The Effect of the World War slovak Government prescribed for the first time in the new state a" census, to record to what The third period of the Czechoslovak nation nationality each one belonged, and what religion starts at the moment with the great World War. he professed. It was natural that every Czechoslovak resolved to side with the Allies against Austria; their op- In the old Austria it was not easy to leave the pressor. The leader of the nation, Prof. T. G. Roman Catholic Church, but after the World War, Masaryk, wisely foresaw that a revolution would there was proclaimed complete religious liberty. mean suicide. Therefore he recommended that Many Czechoslovaks, even nominal Roman Cathsome of the leaders go abroad to cooperate with olics, were ashamed to say that they belonged to the Allies, and others stay at home to lead the the Church which had "burned the greatest people. Regiments were organized in Russia, Czechoslovak that ever lived," John Hus; the France, Italy, and America. As a result the Al- church which "robbed our greatest men of their lies recognized the right of the Czechoslovaks for property," and had either killed them or sent independence. them abroad as beggars.

Austria endeavored to punish the Czechoslovaks They said: "We cannot read the history of our for their thirst after freedom and the children nation without feeling ashamed that we besuffered especially. As one poet said: "Who saw long to those who destroyed the whole life of our the sufferings of men, did not see anything, he nation." must see the sufferings of the women; who saw the sufferings of women, did not see anything, Many people (perhaps one-third) left the Rohe must see the sufferings of children." The chil- man Catholic Church during this movement and dren sought for bits of food in ashes, or begged the process is not at an end. While two-thirds of on their knees at the door for a piece of bread. the population are still reported as Roman Cath- When the war was nearly at an end, the Austrian olics, according to the last census the capital minister for Foreign Affairs, Czernin, said to the city of Prague has only fifty-three per cent in Czechoslovak leaders, "When we are forced to that church. Great numbers are joining the new leave your country, we shall leave it a cemetery." Czechoslovak Church which has broken all ties After the armistice eighty-two per cent of the with Rome, recognizes the great men of our Refor- Czechoslovak children had consumption, and two mation as their spiritual leaders, uses the Czecho- slovak language in the church, has pictures of John Hus on the altars, and sings old Husitic

REALITY AND ROMANCE IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA

hymns; the priests marry, 'and the church is one Czechoslovak village where there were seven- growing in numbers as well as in spiritual life. ty-eight houses, over ninety American flags.

They are learning from the Protestant churches The Czechoslovaks are eager interpreters of new methods, such as the Sunday school and American culture, including religion. It is only Young People's Societies. stating a fact when the European nations call the Many join the different Protestant churches Czechoslovaks "the Yankees of Europe." The newwhich, in a short time, have admitted thousands. est Czechoslovak literature is full of American in- In the west of Bohemia, in a country town, where fluence. One of the youngest Professors of there was a Presybterian church with about one Philosophy of the Prague University, the successthousand members, today the same church has or of President Masaryk, returned from a trip to twenty thousand members. In the same district America and spoke and wrote enthusiastically is a country town where all the population left the about American life. The people were never more Roman Catholic church and joined the Protes- ready to accept the greatest treasure which Amertants, leaving only the priest, his housekeeper and ica possesses-the spiritual Christian religion. As to the problem of minorities which has the janitor in the Catholic church. caused the present crisis in Czechoslovakia, there In the Protestant churches many are seeking are such racial, national and religious minorities the deepening of spiritual life. Dogmatic bat- in every country of Europe. The crux of the tles are at an end; but many feel that real god- problem is not how many individuals or what perliness ought to follow the movement. The pastors centage of the whole population is found in a cerfrom the lukewarm churches are sent to those re- tain group, but how they are treated; how much gions where there is the greatest spiritual work, liberty they possess. in order that they may be influenced by that movement and "bring it home." It is touching to see In Czechoslovakia with more than 15 million how eager the young Protestants are to know inhabitants, the minorities reach 33.8 per cent of what they ought to do to be real "Bohemian the total population. These minorities came to Brethren." Many a lukewarm church has become Czechoslovakia as colonists. The historical dea living force because of the new opportunity. The velopment and natural frontier of high mountains greatest movem-ent was in the southwest of Bo- did not permit to draw the frontier any other hemia, where there was formerly the greatest way. These minorities are scattered all over stronghold of the Roman Church; it is the birth- the country. The Germans have numbered 22 place of John Hus, John Zizka, and Peter per cent of the entire population; the Magyars Chelcicky, and other Czechoslovak Reformers. As (Hungarians) 4.7 per cent, the Ruthenes 3.7 per in the Reformation time, people in the street, in cent, the Jews 1.29 per cent and the Poles 0.56 the railroad cars, in the public places, often spoke per cent.

about religious topics during this movement. How are the minorities treated in Czechoslo- vakia? The Germans have had seventy represent- America and Czechoslovakia atives in the Chamber of Deputies, thirty-six in It is interesting to know what part America the Senate; the Magyars (Hungarians) have played in the development of Czechoslovakia. eleven deputies and seven senators; the Ruthenes There are several external ties between America have nine deputies and senators; the Poles have and Czechoslovakia: their proclamation of inde- two deputies and the Jews two. There is absolute pendence was signed in the same place at the same liberty with regard to the use of the minority desk as the Declaration of Independence of Ameri- languages in the press. With regard to schools, ca, in Philadelphia; the first lady of Czechoslo. they can educate their children in schools provakia was an American, the Anglo-Saxon vided by government money where the minority American wife of the first President, Professor language is used and where the teachers belong to Masaryk. The Czechoslovaks will never forget the the minority and textbooks are printed in the American soldiers in Europe who helped to liber- minority language. The Germans in Czechosloate the nation: the proclamation of the American vakia have had two universities, two technical conditions of peace; the distribution of the institutes and are equipped with all types of ele- American bread, which saved multitudes from mentary and secondary schools. All these schools starvation; the coming of the American dollar, have been supported by government money.

which saved Europe from bankruptcy. The Germany, Italy and Hungary offer no political Czechoslovaks know of these things, and are deep- representation for the minorities. Poland offers ly thankful. In Prague they have the Wilson only partial political representation and bilingual monument, Wilson Central Station, American type of schools. Czechoslovakia is a democratic Street, and Hoover Avenue. One of the American country where the minorities have equal rights correspondents just after the armistice found in with the majority.

Universality of Christ*

~I .:; ;I===B=y=E=.=S=T=A=N=L=E=Y=J=O=N=E=S,=D=.=D=.,=I=od=ia==~-LII ~- SOMETHING more is involved in Christian at liberty them that are bruised, those who have missions than the question of whether we hurt themselves with their moral and spiritual will or will not send missionaries across the falls. His was a message to the hurt spirits of seas. The Christian Church is beginning to recog- men, and then He came to proclaim the Lord's nize the fact that if we cannot share our Christian Year of Jubilee. Every fifty years there was a faith with every man everywhere, in the end we fresh national beginning; all debts cancelled, all will not be able to hold it. That which is not uni- slaves freed, all land redistributed, and the na- versal is not true, for Truth by its very nature is tion began with a new beginning.

universal. Two and two make four in India, Jesus closed the book of the Prophet, and said, China, America, and around the world. The mo- "Today this program begins. Today this Scripment you discover the Truth, it rises above na- ture hath been fulfilled in your ears." tional boundaries and belongs to us as a race. If, therefore, what we have cannot be shared with In beginning our missionary program we can all men, it is not universal, and if it is not univer- do no better than to announce what Jesus said sal it is not true. was His program and make it our own-a Gospel for the poor, for the hungry millions of the earth. If we cannot give Christ and His Gospel to God wills a new distribution of the goods which every man everywhere, in the end we shall stand He has provided for every man. The missionary beside dead altars, we shall pray dead prayers enterprise, if it stands for anything, stands for and we shall have a faith that has let us down in redistribution of that which God, our Father, has our own emergencies. Therefore, this whole ques- willed that every man should have. tion is significant beyond the immediate influence of the missionary cause, and we must face it and Second, we would proclaim release to the capface it with a new sense of realism. tives. There are still multitudes of people who are not liberated. There are those who are still We do not apologize for things as they are and socially and politically captive. The missionary that are of interest to missions. Rather, we want enterprise comes with a great passion for human to be prophets of things as they ought to be. freedom, believing in the worthwhileness of every Christian missions are not sacrosanct save as they man. It would proclaim belief in the worthwhilerepresent truth and reality. We do not ask that ness of every nation. men should blindly take what we say. We ask that they submit it to the test of experience, of There are undeveloped races, but no permalife, of reality. No matter what we say or unsay, nently inferior people. We would also come with the last word is with the facts. a message to those who are physically disenfran- chised-the opening of the eyes of the blind. The We search with you to find reality if we can. missionary enterprise should go out with a pas- Our platform should fit the world's needs. When sion for health, for healing, to lift the burdens of Jesus stood in a little synagogue in Nazareth two suffering which are weighing upon the hearts, and thousand years ago He announced a program are crippling the lives of men. which seemed then of little significance save to that little group. But the world today, humbly The message must come also to those who are searching after something it has not, turns again bruised-men and women who are injured or to ask whether this Man of Galilee has a definite handicapped by their own falls. The man with word for us at this period in the world's history. the wounded conscience, the man who cannot look the world and himself squarely in the face. We Jesus said: "The spirit of the Lord is upon me, come with the Gospel of another chance, a new for He has naught in me to preach good tidings to beginning, a conversion, a regeneration. the poor." His program included the proclaim- ing of release to the captives, socially and politi- Then the missionary program sets the whole cally disenfranchised; the opening of the eyes of thing in God's Year of Jubilee and proclaims a the blind, the physically disenfranchised; to set fresh beginning for a race in all departments of * Condensed from an address delivered at the United Foreign human life, a fresh awakening for a world, a new Missions Campaign, Chicago, in 1933. start.

[ 526] These are some of the principles that underly they did, they would go back to a semi-savage, the missionary movement, but upon the thresh- roaming across Europe. Are we coming to that? old of our coming to proclaim these words certain things rise up and questions which we must Many of us are proud that we have English face. Whenever you face a question, face it in its blood in our veins. The English have made amazmore acute forms-answer it there, and then you ing contributions to the collective life of our race. have answered it all down the line. We would And yet at the time of the Roman ascendancy, a like to put this fresh, living, new Kingdom under Roman said, "The stupidest and ugliest slaves on the world problems today, and under the world the market are those from Britain." Had you situation today, but we are met with objections looked at those stupid and ugly slaves you would which we must face. have said, "Impossible barbarians! Nothing can come out of them." But someone else looked at When we talk about being missionaries we are them and said, "Angles; Angles. If they could be accused of a desire to manage other people. Men Christianized they would be angels." We are not say, first of all, that it is bound up with the polit- angels, but we are quite different from the stupid ical imperialisms of the West. No matter how and ugly slaves. And the thing that was at the pure its motive, missionary work gets entangled bottom of our rise was the fact of the impact of and alloys within itself disturb and destroy its the Gospel of Jesus Christ upon us. effect upon human life. Every movement needs constant criticism, constant readjustment, per- Those who have Scotch blood are prouder still. petual realignment, and a bringing back to orig- The Scotch have made amazing contributions to inal purposes. We want to bring back this move- human life. Some of the noblest souls have come ment to original purposes, to disentangle it from from the Scotch, and yet the Scotch have been every entangling alliance that would cripple its called "eaters of human flesh," who had plenty spirit and hurt its motive. We want it to stand of flocks but whose herdsmen would prefer a clear in its own right-compelling, and doing steak from the female breast as a rarity! The what God would have men do through this move- Scotch of the fourth century! Had you looked at ment. them you would have said, "Impossible barbar- ians!" But some looked at them with the eyes of Not Political Imperialism Jesus Christ, and there began the upward rise of a nation that has contributed largely to the col- First of all, then, men say that the missionary lective life. Everywhere the missionary movemovement is a species of political imperialism, ment goes with a passionate belief in the developthat it is the religious side of that western expan- ment of men into likeness to God as He is resion, and partakes of the spirit of that expansion. vealed in Jesus Christ. There is some truth in what the critics say. Again and again the movement has been cor- We don't believe that there is any nation good rupted by its contact with pushing imperialisms enough or wise enough to hold 'permanently anand has been used by the imperialisms of the other people against that people's will. There is West. It was said that when the white man went in every nation a birthright of freedom, and the to Africa the white man had the Bible and the Christian missionary movement should stand, not African had the land; later on the African had as the sponsor of white prestige and white rule, the Bible and the white man had the land. There but should stand for the brotherhood of men, and is just enough truth in that to make it sting. Un- present a Christ who stands alongside of the libjust treaties have been forced upon China because erties of men and who expresses those liberties of China's treatment of missionaries. This move- in His Gospel and in His kingdom. ment has been fused in the purposes of imperialism. We acknowledge it with sorrow. But that Retain All That Is Good and True period of entanglement with the political imperialisms is at an end. Never again will treaties We believe that each nation has something to be forced upon China because of China's treat- contribute to the collective life of our race. We ment of missionaries. Christian missions are un- go, then, to the nations of the earth, not trying to doing what has been done, and the whole pressure wipe out their culture, their past. Much of that of Christian enterprise is to give men liberties culture will pass away with the impact of fuller and freedom. It is the passionate belief that lies knowledge. What is false in those religions will at the heart of the missionary enterprise that be dissolved in the face of truth, but nothing every man is of infinite worth. good, nothing true, nothing beautiful shall perish if men and women accept Jesus Christ, for He If any people in these United States say that said, "I came not to destroy, but to fulfill." He they do not believe in Christian missions, they would gather up unto Himself all the beautiful should be willing to go back to where they were things, the splendid touches, the genius of each before Christian missions touched them. And if nation, gather up into Himself-not destroying,

but perfecting all that is good and true and beau- A church that has a living unity has authority tiful. We can go to the nations of the earth with in a world that is looking for unity. If we can't a new sense of friendship, and at the same time get together as denominations, how can we de- believing that we have a message to them that mand that the world get together as nations? We Jesus Christ completes everything good in any believe that the missionary enterprise comes to nation anywhere. you with a new passionate belief in the unity of the Christian world, and we would build up a I believe the last vestige of connection of the great sense of Christian solidarity that would missionary enterprise with political imperialism hold together every fine thing that each denomiwas severed at the Jerusalem Conference. For the nation can contribute to the whole, but bound tofirst two or three days we analyzed until we were gether with a broad Christian brotherhood that paralyzed. We were suffering from what some- transcends all of this. There is no denomination body has called "paralysis of analysis." But at that had any corner on the saints. God seems to the end of those two weeks, as we sat at the feet work through denominations-sometimes, in of Jesus Christ and looked into His thoughts, we spite of them. If that hurts your denominational concluded that we had a message the world could pride it may help your Christian humility. We not do without and live. No missionary move- are deeply grateful for the denominations which ment has set its face toward the rights of all men, have nurtured us and given us spiritual birth, but and the liberties of all men. we step out and say: "It may be that the Chris- tian missionaries will force us at the home base But somebody says: While the missionary to come together because we believe that the movement may not be political imperialism, isn't world is searching for real unity." it denominational imperialism? Isn't it marked by the desire to build up vast denominations? Is not spiritual imperialism desire to manage There is some truth in that alliance. Christian other people's minds and souls in their supposed missions grew up at the time when denominations interests? There is a good deal of that in Chrisexpanded greatly in the West, and they have tian missions at home and abroad, because of the sometimes used this movement for the purposes type of teaching we give our young people. We tell of statistics. our young people that they must go out and be- come leaders. Get a dozen people together, all of Christ Greater Than Sects But today in the East, Christianity is begin- whom have been taught to be leaders, and you ning to recognize that there is something bigger have the stage set for confusion and strife, and than the question of being a Baptist or a Meth- for position, and power. Jesus (according to odist or a Presbyterian or anything else. There Moffet) said, "Be ye not called leaders." The is the question of being a Christian! What great attitude of the leader is, "I lead; you follow." It advantage is it 'to you whether you are a Meth- is a selfish attitude, therefore cannot be Christian. odist or Episcopal or anything else, in the light of Jesus said, "Be ye called servants." The attitude the question as to whether Jesus Christ or Karl of the servant is that he loses himself in a cause Marx shall hold the destiny of China? As we outside of himself. Jesus said, "I can Christianize have dropped down beneath the level of organ- that attitude." The world is tired of leaders. ization, down to the level of experience, we have Again and again they plunge us into war to satisdiscovered that the true Christian Church is the fy their ambitions. The world is sick of the desire most united body on earth, if we only knew it. to be leaders. It is perishing for servants! Per- Weare united in the deepest thing in life-name- ishing for men and women who lose themselves in the needs of humanity, forgetting themselves ly, in life itself. We share in Jesus Christ a life as the Master did. He said, "I am among you as that overleaps the barriers of race and class and one who serves. I came not to be ministered unto, congregation and denomination, and holds us to but to minister and to give myself a ransom for the deepest brotherhood that this world knows many." anything about-the brotherhood of a new life in Christ. The Supremacy of the Servant It is a strange anomoly that people who are Then what happens? That Servant of all be- most united at the center are sometimes most comes the greatest of all. He rises up with a new divided at the circumference. We, therefore, say kind of leadership, out of hurt and pain, out of to the Christian Church: "Brothers, we are one. the Cross. On Easter morning He rises to a new Let's act and love as if we were one. Do away leadership. The Servant of all becomes the Great- with all. duplications, and all competitions, all est of all. If, therefore, you are sending out self- overlappmg, and face this whole world Christian appointed leaders, we don't want them. But if program with the sense of the solidarity of the you can send out men and women who will lose Christian forces of the world." themselves in the great needs of the East, in Heav-

THE UNIVERSALITY OF CHRIST

en's name send them! The East is perishing for in prayer, that we, too, might have more of Christ servants. in our lives. The very act of giving to others is a There is another thing working against this conscious or unconscious prayer that His Life motive. We have discovered by actual fact that may be more operative in our own lives. But the we cannot succeed in being missionaries unless man who makes that objection doesn't say to we succeed in becoming marginal. No longer at science, for instance, "Science, you dare not pass the center, managing affairs, but on the margin, your science to the rest of the world until the sum stimulating, spiritualizing, culturers and helpers total of the findings of science are operative in of the situation; always trying to produce men America." The fact of the matter is that the find- and women who will stand upon their own feet ings of science are far beyond the application of and succeed only as we succeed in producing science to our collective life. The science of med- Christ-conscious, Spirit-directed, self-supporting icine is far beyond the application of medicine to churches in the East. our collective life, yet we do not hesitate to give We need the kind of mentality at the home base our science to the rest of the world. There is al- that is willing to contribute, even where they ways a gap between the findings of a thing and can't manage. We want the kind of spirit God the application of that thing. There is a gap be- guided, at the home base that feels that it is true tween Jesus Christ and our collective manifesta- success when we succeed in producing the kind of tion of Jesus Christ. We do not ask the nations churches in the East that stand as living, vital of the earth to become American; all we ask centers, courageous and self-supporting. In other them to do is to become Christian, and maybe in words, the price of your support should not be becoming Christian they will help us to become that you manage the whole thing. Give liberties more Christian. That is what we crave.

to men and women, give them liberties sufficient The question is, Has Jesus Christ a supply to enable God to help them develop their own which is universally redemptive? Will men be recharacteristics and their own life; then it may deemed if they will give Him a chance? We bebe that outt>f that liberty shall come back to us a lieve He has that abundant supply of life, and great contribution. I do not want merely to go to that in Jesus Christ, wherever groups and nathe East, I want the East to come to us. tions and individuals have exposed themselves to There are multitudes of men and women in the Him, there will come a redemptive power that East who have caught the passion and victory of will lift, change, redeem and make new.

Christ. These men and women can give the Gos- Not Ourselves But Christ pel to help us complete the uncompleted work and task of evangelism of America, so that there will We preach not ourselves but Jesus Christ, and be no more distinction between a "giving coun- then we are your servants for Jesus' sake. But try" and "receiving country," but we will all be somebody says it may not be spiritual impergiving and we will all be receiving. Out of that tinence. Mahatma Gandhi raises an objection. process will rise a fuller, finer type of Christian He says that there should be no change in reli- manhood, out of the twain shall he become a new gion. In an interview with some American newsman in Jesus Christ. paper men he said, "If the missionaries were to Another objection is that somebody says that it use their hospitals and schools for the purpose of may not be spiritual imperialism, but spiritual proselytizing, then when we attain self-govern- impertinence to go to people of other lands, when ment we would ask them to withdraw." His last our task at home is uncomplete. A man said, word modified his first and he said: "Under self- "You never export a thing unless you have a sur- government the missionary would not be allowed plus of that thing. Do you mean to say that you to proselytize if we feel it is done in the wrong have a surplus of Christianity in America, that way." But we have no desire to proselytize. Pros- you dare export it?" We have no surplus of elytizm, or a mere outward change of association, Christianity in America, but unless we try to is unchristian. Jesus said to the religious lead- bring others to Christ our own Christianity will ers of His day, "You compass sea and land and die upon our hands. If the individual centers up- gain a proselyte, and when you have gained him on himself to Christianize himself, he will be de- you are twofold more a child of Hell than him- Christianized in the process. self."

If a group or church should center upon itself On the other hand, Jesus definitely and specif- to Christianize. itself, it would perish in the proc- ically demanded conversion. He said, "Except a ess. If a nation should center upon itself to Chris- man be born again he cannot see the Kingdom of tianize itself, it would dry up in the process. God." There is a distinction between conversion Our very stretched-out hands across the seas and proselytizm. Proselytizm is the coming over are in the end a putting of those hands together from one sect or group or opinion to another

group or sect or OpInIOn without any necessary the very nature of the Gospel which I hold. Freechange in heart allegiance or character. It is a ly did I receive, freely must I give. There is a change of label, not of life. We repudiate pros- deep discipline in the Gospel, a disCipline of the elytizm but we insist upon conversion, for con- love of Christ; but primarily it is the gift of version involves a change in character-a deep, God. The Gospel is not so much a demand as it fundamental, all-embracing change in life. is an offer, an offer of new life to man by the grace of God. The moment this life takes hold of One business of the Christian Church is to pro- a man he comes under a discipline so severe that duce conversion, and when the Christian Church it is far deeper than self-discipline. can no longer show conversions it has lost its right to live and its power to propagate. When Gandhi has another objection. This time, he it can no longer make a good man out of a bad says: "If you speak about your religion, don't man, and a weak man into a strong man, and a speak about it in words. Use the most perfect man without God-consciousness into a man ra- method of evangelism-let it come out of the life, diant with God, it has lost its function in human as the perfume comes from the rose. As missionsociety. The whole structure of human life is aries and as Christian workers draw people by resting upon that subtle, intangible thing called your deeds. But do not speak about it." character. And when the character breaks, the confidence breaks, and when the confidence breaks Witness of Lips and Life the country breaks. If the Christian Church cannot so present Jesus Chris,t and His Gospel so as There is something valuable in this suggestion. to make men and women of Christlike character, The West has organized religion too much around if any religion does not make bad men good, it words. Our places of worship are called "audihas lost its right to exist. We have, therefore, no toriums." Our services are services of song, prayapologies for trying to produce conversion. We er, speech-words. Somebody asked a Chinese believe that wherever men and women and in- what he thought of the Christian religion. He dividuals and nations expose themselves recep- said, "It is a very talkative religion." There is tively to Jesus Christ, their conversion does take something in what he says. Gandhi snid, "Let us place to the degree that He is received. have a moratorium on words." There is some- thing in his objections-but not everything. "We want to do something deeper and more fundamental than proselytizing." Conversion is Jesus Christ did use the rose-perfume method. not only the conversion of an individual-that "He went about doing good." He did good beconversion is as far extended as human need. cause men needed it, and the resources of His Just as' there can be sin in the individual will, heart were big enough to meet that need. He went there can be sin in the collective will. Shall we about doing good, but He did more than that. He rescue the wounded in war or strike at the war interpreted words by acts. The words of His lips system, too? Shall we pick up the drunkards or and the deeds of His life were one. They caJrne tostrike at the liquor traffic, too? The Christian gether like the words and music of a song. His Gospel reapplied would mean a conversion, not deeds were words and His words were deeds, and merely of the individual, but of the sum total of they all came together and became the Living human life. Conversion-the Kingdom of God Word. coming-replacing the present world order, founded as it is on exploitations and on unbroth- We would say to Mahatma Gandhi, If we are erliness-we could replace by an order founded true to Christ we will invest this message with on good will, the Brotherhood of Man under the the sum total of our lives, and that includes our Fatherhood of God. This is the conversion for words. It is only when our words are rooted in which the Kingdom of God stands. facts that we dare speak them.

The Christian life is primarily not an attain- A man came to' me in India and said, "Why do ment, but an obtainment. The gift of God came to you go after people to baptize them?" I replied, me when I had nothing to offer except my bank- "I don't. They come to ask me to baptize them. I ruptcy. I came to Jesus Christ hurt, confused, put no label on a man that does not correspond to bankrupt. I offered Him what I had, and to my an inward fact." The man who has the reality utter amazement and astonishment He took me, has a right to outwardly proclaim it and to enjoy forgave me, cleansed me, loosed me from the old any group where it will be cultivated. The inbonds, set my soul singing its way down these ward without the outward is also hypocrisy. The years. By His grace was I made whole. life, speaking one thing, has a right to live it out.

I dare to speak of that because I simply am lay- But somebody offers one final objection: ing at His feet the tribute of my gratitude and "Aren't they getting along well enough without my life. I could not keep silence without denying Jesus Christ?"

I can not find anyone anywhere getting along well enough without Jesus Christ in East or West.

1938J THE UNIVERSALITY OF CHRIST

I cannot do it. In fellowship with Him I truly thirsty and ye gave me drink; I was sick and ye live. I go to the nations of the East because they are a part of the world, not because they are not visited me; in prison, and ye came to me." most degraded but because they are brother men. "Lord," they say, "when saw we ye hungry or A man said to me, "How do you talk to theos- thirsty? Sick or in prison? We never saw Thee 6phists?" I don't-I talk to people. And I don't this way." And the Master says "Inasmuch as go to speak to Hindus and Mohammedans-I go to speak to men with the same inward needs that ye have done it unto one of the least of these, ye I have. I do not go to the people of the East be- 'cause they are the worst of the world, I go to have done it unto Me." . them because they are men for whom Christ died. That, it seems to me, is the legitimate reason for Who is it that is hungry in the hunger of the going. There are degradations in the East just as there are degradations in the West. As I have world? The Christ hungers again. Who is it that sat in round-table conferences and heard noble is bound with the shackles of custom and sin and men tell what religion was meaning or not mean- evil? In them Christ is still bound? At the Cross ing to them, I have come to the conclusion that not only any man at his worst needs Christ, but He gathered all up into His own heart, until every man at his finest and best needs Him. Christ and the human soul were made for each other just as man's trouble became His trouble, and every the lungs were made for air, the eyes for light, the man's pain His pain, and every man's sin His heart for love, and the esthetic nature for beauty. Jesus Christ and the human soul were made for sin. He bore it in His own body upon the Tree. each other, and when we find Him we find not There, it seems to me, is the meaning of the unionly the Way of Life, but Life itself. I desperately wish everyone to have that life. verse. There is the meaning of Life. We live in proportion as we respond with deeper and deeper The Cross and the Motive sensitiveness. This is the test by which we can If I were to point out the deepest places where my missionary motive is found, I would point to judge. a Cross. For the Cross, to me, is the place where I see deepest into the universe. There the uni- How much life is there in our churches? That verse turns redemptive, forgiving all, bearing all, is the great question that comes home to us. healing all, and turning the whole of life into tri- Judge by this standard. Many churches are about umph. It is at the Cross where we see the heart the spiritual level of the vegetable. Dead beets, of the missionary passion, for there is the place of the heartbreak of God. There is where love, pure, if you will. No sensitiveness beyond themselves, holy love, comes into contact with words, sign and need. There we begin to see love reaching and proud of that fact. The missionary moveout as far as the human need, and taking all into ment, with all its faults (and it has many) is the God's own heart bearing all and forgiving all. reaching up of arms and saying, "We are trying Someone has defined "Life" as "sensitiveness." to be Christian; we are trying to be sensitive on It is a great definition. The lower down the scale of living you go the less sensitiveness you find. a world scale, and in trying to do so we are be- The stone is numb; there is no life. The plant ginning to try to catch something of the passion has some sensitiveness, therefore some life. The animal has more, therefore more life. When you that our Lord and Master held." I cannot see come to Man you find the sensitiveness ranging out beyond itself, beyond its group, its nation, and how we can keep that passion in our hearts and to God and the larger life reaches out to man. The more sensitiveness, the more life. The high- not reach out to the last man everywhere. est, greatest life that has been lived upon our planet, is Jesus Christ. There we find the su- The moment I rose the day I was converted I preme sensitiveness. On the last day He will say, felt an impulse in my heart that I had never "Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundations of known before. Five minutes before I had had no the world. I was hungered and ye fed me; I was such impulse. The impulse was that I wanted to share with everybody, and put my arms around the world arid share the Gospel with everybody. My missionary motive today is that; deepened, broadened, but still there. I do not see any place to stop witnessing this side of the last human being. This desire should be held in the heart as a great consuming power. The center of the whole thing is the heart. I believe that such a passion shows the heartbeat of Jesus Christ. In Him is enough power to heal the individual, the social, the eco- nomic, the political needs of the world. I know no other power.

Jesus Christ stands and says, "Come unto Me and enter My Kingdom." Are you willing to make inward surrender of your whole self to Him -your money, your brain, your hand, your life? If so you will follow Him and your life will never be the same. You will have new joy and freedom and power.

of the Churches in

By REV. AKIRA EBISAW A, Tokyo, Japan ExecutitJe Secretary of the National Christian Council of Japan T HE Christian churches of Japan have made It may sound strange for us to speak of such striking progress in the brief time since the a radical change. But every living organism is opening of missions here in 1859. From the destined to grow and is subject to vital changes. very early days these churches have been charac- We believe in the God of Creation, who works terized by a self-governing church polity, pro- even today. We cannot measure the creative moted under the leadership of missionary and work of God in terms of the status quo or hold Japanese leaders. the idea that there can be no development of new We realize, however, that the Christian Church features in the realm of the Church. We should in Japan is not yet fully established. It is only hope and expect that a newly emerging Christian partially represented by the communions trans- Church will develop new forms in a new environplanted to Japanese soil from the Western World. ment.

While the various denominational churches The organization, methodology, and functions represent very important branches of the Body of of the churches in the field must be defined in the Christ, with their historic characteristics, yet light of their environment, they should be rethese divisions often seem meaningless and are a organized so as to accord with the national trastumbling block to the Oriental mind. Japanese dition and be adapted to their indigenous cultural do not understand why the Christian churches are heritage. thus divided. Many things need to be re-examined. For in- Very serious problems are confronting the stance in Japan, the custom of religious congrechurches in the Japan field at present. The en- gational public worship never existed until the vironment of these churches, influenced by the Christian church service was introduced. Our cultural heritage of the nation, is necessarily in- forefathers were accustomed to individual worfluencing their inner life. ship ·and to occasional festivals. Thus the Roman Catholic form of worship seems better adapted to The age-long struggle of the Western churches our people than the Protestant congregational of Europe against the Greco-Roman materialistic services. Moreover, offerings in connection with humanism is being repeated to some extent even public worship have been alien to our people. in Japan. Bushido emphasized the virtue of righteousness Generally speaking, churches in the Orient are and sacrifice and disdained utilitarianism. It placed in an environment characterized by vari- looked with contempt upon the motive of personal ous forms of culture and by the presence of the profit and gain. Little wonder that even in this other great ethnic religions. This brings new fea- highly economic-minded age there are people who tures into the struggle which the Oriental young- think that it is not pious nor Christian to speak er churches are experiencing. This presents a of monetary matters during a religious service or new problem to the churches in this field and right even to take the purse to the house of wor- gives hope and promise that the outcome will be ship.

the enrichment of their inner life. Although gradually the Western industrial These considerations suggest that some intrin- order is affecting and destroying the old social sic value must be developed on the part of these system and is replacing it with an individualistic churches that will adapt them to the cultural mode of life, the family system still has a strong heritage and social environment in their native hold on the life of the Japanese. This makes it fields, without losing anything of their Christian customary for only the head of the family to en- character. joy economic independence, the other members It must be admitted that we should re-examine all being dependent. As a result the system of and re-evaluate our church organization, its meth- offerings by individual members of a church is ods of activity and its relationships, in the light almost meaningless.

of the national cultural tradition and the chang- Creative imagination on the part of Western ing environment. people, inspired by religious insight, has erected [532 ] such wonderful structures as St. Paul's Cathedral lives. This often makes the distinction between and Notre Dame. But why should Christian Christians and non-Christians obscure and insigchurch architecture throughout the world con- nificant. form to Gothic forms or wholly Western style? The New Testament conception of the church The lack of a strong devotional motive makes does not indicate such patterns. It rather sug- many feel that it is a burden to bear the respongests that the Church universal is composed of sibility of rendering service and giving in supsmall units, meeting in the homes of the believers. port of the Church. Another excuse, which has some truth in it, is that the Church at present is The Church universal, as an ideal spiritual so- dealing with things that are too trifling as comciety, must be made clear to the mind of con- pared with the momentous matters which are agitemporary Christians, especially of the younger tating humanity. This does not appeal to the imchurches. This is well defined by Dr. Wm. A. agination nor sound the depths of life for minds Brown, as follows: that are alert.

It must never be suffered to obscure the fact that the In view of these unhealthy tendencies, we are Church of Christ exists today as definite body in the per- endeavoring to promote an interest on the part sons of the men and women who have been touched by of church members in the training of the laity for His spirit, and who live for the ends which He approves. voluntary evangelism and in Christian steward- This spiritual society, creating institutions, but not it- ship as features of our Nation-Wide Union Evanself perfectly comprehended or expressed by any, is the gelistic Campaign. true Church of Christ. (Brown: "Christian Theology in Outline," Ch. V. p. 59.) Self-Support and Self-Government The members of the Re-Thinking Missions Self-support and self-government on the part Commission define the Church in a way which of the churches have usually been taken as synwill help to clarify the conception of the Chris- onymous among Christian people throughout the tians in the field regarding it. world. A clear distinction should be made be- tween them. A Christian's property belongs to The Church is to be thought of as a spiritual fellow- God and God's money may be used anywhere for ship and communion of those who have found a new His Kingdom without reference to racial or naspring of life and power by the impact of the Christian tional differences. message, who are eager to join together as a living, growing body of believers through whom the ideals and the A policy of self-government is imperative for spirit of Christ can be transmitted and His principles of the churches in the field if we wish them to devellife promoted, then that type of Church will always have op as the Church of Christ. But the problem of a function in the work of building the Kingdom of God self-support must be considered in the light of the whether on the mission field or at home. ("Re-Thinking activities and functions of the church. Some Missions," Ch. V. p. 109.) churches tend to overemphasize self-support, with the result that the local churches crystallize Owing to the lack of proper training in such a into small-sized organizations, with no possibility fundamental conception of the Church, the young- of an expanding life and influence necessary for er churches are facing a grave danger at present. self-propagation. It is a pity to see dwarfed or That danger is the general trend among the crippled local churches losing their activities Christians of growing indifference toward the and ceasing to appeal to the general public. organized churches. Forced self-support does not prove to be self- Among the causes that have contributed to this support at all. It often means that the pastor is tendency, we mention a few for which we should obliged to support himself by some form of side feel responsibility. The Japanese have a feeling work. It is a mistake to demand self-support of distaste for the too highly institutionalized without considering the real strength of the local church life which tends to give the impression church as related to its environment. The church, that it is too conventional and has an artificiality in the New Testament meaning, should be organwhich bears a secular flavor. ized in every small town and village and even in the homes of the believers. This tendency may also be due to the fact that the churches are losing their strong leaders in Owing to an overemphasis on self-support on the ministry. This may seem partly inevitable in the one hand, and to a lack of the conception of these days because of the greatly changed social Christian stewardship-the training for which is environment as compared with the pioneer days quite new among the younger churches-on the when the missionary and indigenous leaders were other, many local churches are suffering greatly conspicuous figures. It must be admitted that because of the economic problem. The result is consciously or unconsciously contemporary Chris- that churches tend to be governed by the motive tians are influenced by the secular, materialistic, of group egoism while the individual church individual thought, and are losing the idealistic, self-forgetting, sacrificial motive in their daily

members themselves are likewise influenced by activities necessary to meet the needs of the compersonal egoism. munity at large and can fulfill their responsibility as witnessing churches. We must continually re- Many economic problems are at present con- mind Christians of the fundamental unified charfronting the younger churches. In Oriental acter of the churches of the different communions homes, where the traditional family system pre- in accordance with the conception of the Church vails, the father, as the wage earner, usually defined by Dr. William Adams Brown. holds the purse and other members of the family get money from him. Yet the Protestant As the religious society which finds its bond of union Churches, in spite of this traditional Japanese in Jesus of Nazareth, the Church is one. . . . Beneath custom are supported on the basis of individual the outward divisions and misunderstandings which sepcontributions, in accordance with the custom in arate different bodies of Christians there is a common Western lands. religious experience which is shared by all whose lives are lived under the influence of the Master, and which Another problem perplexing city churches is unites in sympathy, labor, and prayer, good men in every the fact that, owing to changes in the environ- branch of the Church. It is ,this common religious life, ment, members are moving to the suburbs and it uniting in spiritual fellowship men of different ecclesiasis becoming increasingly difficult to bring the tical names and of none, which is the real foundation of family to the mother church every Sunday be- the unity of the Church. (Brown: "Christian Theology cause of the transportation costs and other ex- in Outline," p. 59.) penses. Notwithstanding these difficulties, it is an encouraging fact that the annual giving of the There is also the problem of church union. churches in Japan in recent years. amounts to "Divided churches cannot conquer the unified about 2,500,000 yen, or 12.50 yen per capita. This world." The way to win the world is to consoliis a good ratio when compared with the reported date the Church's divided forces, under the leadgiving of New York church members last year. ership and power of the Spirit of God.

Another problem is the question as to what con- In Japan we have been carrying forward a stitutes real cooperation between older and study regarding a basis for union ever since 1925. younger churches? Of course cooperation, through We have been swung back and forth over the fellowship or in conferences, does not begin problem of a creed. Our people now seem to realwhere financial support from the church at the ize that to begin by planning for organic union home base is cut off. Real f!'lllowship and cooper- will get us nowhere. There must first be spiritation can be established without regard to finan- ual unity in Christ. We are now inclined to start cial relations. Younger churches can not be said with a federated union as has been the case with to cooperate satisfactorily with the older churches the Church of Christ in China. Dr. Stanley Jones at the home base as long as they exist on a poor has suggested a similar procedure. economic level and with a crippled independence. Real cooperation should begin when the younger We see a possibility for the realization of churches on th~ field are able to maintain the Christian union if we proceed along this line for the coming ten-year period by uniting in work which has no direct concern with a creed.

GOD CHOOSES BUSY MEN FOR HIS WORK When God has work to be done we notice that He almost always goes to those who are al- ready at work. Both his,tory and the Bible attest this truth.

Moses was tending his flocks at Horeb when God called him to deliver the people of Is- rael from bondage in Egypt.

Gideon was threshing wheat by the wine press when God called him to deliver Israel from the Midianites.

David was caring for his father's sheep w hen he was called to succeed Saul as king.

Elisha was plowing with twelve yoke of oxen when he was called to succeed Elijah as prophet of God in Israel. .

Nehemiah was bearing the king's cup when he was called to go to rebuild Jerusalem.

Amos was attending the flock when he was summoned to be a prophet of God.

Peter and Andrew were casting a net into the sea when Christ called them to become fishers of men.

Matthew was collecting customs when he was called to be a disciple.

Saul was persecuting the church when he was commissioned to be a missionary of Christ.

William Carey was mending shoes when he heard the call to be a foreign missionary.

for the Church in India*

By B. L. RALLIA RAM, ESQ.

Secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association, Lahore CHRISTIAN influence has streamed into In- the word "church" in this article refers to the dia in four different channels: sum-total of all the "churches," for, with all the First: According to the traditions of divergent doctrines, traditions and practices, they the Syrian Church Christianity was originally do owe allegiance to one Lord and Master and preached in India, by the Apostle St. Thomas, in unitedly proclaim His name. In spite of the ex- the states of Travancore and Cochin, early in the istence of many "churches," there is yet an entity, Christian Era. The Church thus established, how- intangible though it may seem, which may be ever, was not alive to its missionary obligations. called "The Church of Christ in India."

It was handicapped by the political situation and The "Christian Community" consists of mem- by lack of communications so that its influence bers of the Christian churches and those who was confined to a small section of the country. nominally belong to the Christian community, Considerably weakened by divisions and internal having been born in homes known as Christian. disputes, in some respects it followed too closely According to the present political constitution of some of the painfully dark episodes in the history India, "The Christian Community" is a separate of the Church elsewhere. political entity with rights of special representa- tion in the national and provincial legislatures Second: In the Sixteenth Century the Portu- through voting constituencies of its own. This gese Roman Catholics inaugurated an era of rapid implies that in many places it is also a separate Christianization of India. Under their influence social entity. the work of St. Francis Xavier and the Jesuites in South India met with an apparent success. The This system leads to unfortunate results. It is, means used to convert people were not, however, however, gratifying to note that there are many always fair and honest. The Church in India un- Christian leaders who regret this political isolatil recently was preponderatingly Roman Cath- tion imposed by the award of the government. olic, but the Protestant influence has been There is an increasing number of Indian Chrissteadily increasing. and the Protestant Christians tians who are working shoulder to shoulder with now are numerically more than the Roman Cath- their countrymen for general social, political and olics. moral improvement. Raj Kumari Amrit Kaur, the talented daughter of the late Sir Raja Harnam Third: Early in the Eighteenth Century a Prot- Singh (a notable Christian convert from the famestant mission arrived in the South of India un- ily of a ruling chief), is the acknowledged leader der the inspiration of the King of Denmark, with of the Women's Movement in India. Two of the the financial help of an Anglican society. Its per- trusted lieutenants of Mahatma Gandhi, in charge sonnel was German. The large Lutheran Church of two of his important social and economic deof South India, the United Church of South India, partments, are Indian Christians. From this it the Anglican Church with its several dioceses will be seen that in common usage the term "Inare the direct result of this pioneering mission. dian Church" is sometimes applied to the com- munity known to the political and social life as Fourth: A century later groups of Protestant "The Indian Christians." missionaries were sent at short intervals by the English Baptists, the Church Missionary Society, Here we are mainly concerned with the organand the London Missionary Society. They were ized Christian Churches, though the second consoon reinforced by Americans and others. Thus ception associated with the term "Indian Church" there are now several Evangelical Christian cannot altogether be avoided. churches deeply rooted in the soil of India.

Technically there is no one Christian CHURCH Characteristics of the Church in India in India, but a large number of "churches." But It is impossible to deal here adequately with the • Mr. Basil Mathew gives a significant title to one of his recent CsauhbfuJe'rewccht .aosfpeCchtsrisotf in India. We can refer only to books "The Church Takes Root in India." This happy phrase aptly a very large and complicated describes the present position of the Christian Church in India.

B. L. R. A.

[ 5351

Except for the church in Malabar, the Church agating Churches." It is essential, therefore, that of Christ in India owes its existence to the labors the help from abroad should be so used as to of missionaries sent out by the churches of the achieve this ideal as speedily as possible. It is West. These "sending churches" have been main- universally recognized now that the ultimate suc- ly responsible for the nourishment and the devel- cess in Christianizing India must depend upon the opment of the Church in India. Each church is efforts of the indigenous Church itself. It alone dependant still upon their "mother" church for can be a truly effective witness to the Indians of help. Missionaries play an important role in the the saving power of Christ. Its life of witness life of the Church. Financial help is given to will win India for Christ. The most important maintain its indigenous ministry and its institu- aspect, therefore, of the development of the tions and forms of service. The different churches Church is its response to the challenge to evan- are in various stages of development. gelism.

In main there are two kinds of church organ- The Church and Evangelism izations: Some churches have already become When the missions were first started it was autonomous, though not fully self-supporting. In considered necessary to employ paid Indian evan- the South, a strong "South India United Church" gelists, and to keep them under their own control. includes the Presbyterian and Congregational. This system may have been necessary in the ear- Corresponding to it there is a similar "United lier stages, but its continued and prolonged ex- Church of North India." The Church of India, Burma and Ceylon, which is in fellowship with istence is likely to mitigate against the fulfilment of the legitimate work of the Church itself. the World-wide Anglican Communion, has attained its independence by an Act of the British In some places, the mission is separately organ- , Parliament. These and several other churches are ized as an evangelistic agency, with its own Inautonomous; they are in full communion with dian workers, while the Church is left with the the corresponding churches of the West and are pastoral work. While missionaries can exert receiving help from them. their influence (and sometimes unduly large in- fluence) in the matters left to the Church, the Other churches are exemplified by the Meth- mission policy remains the sole concern of the odist Episcopal Church and the United Presby- mission. This often creates a strain, acting adterian Church. They still form a part of the versely on the spiritual life of the Church, and American churches and their highest court is out- consequently weakens the sense of evangelistic side India. These churches are being given an responsibility. But there is an increasing realizaincreased measure of responsibility, without the tion of this danger and the systems are being final authority. We do not seek to evaluate the overhauled and adjusted so as to throw the rerelative merits of these two systems. sponsibility of evangelization upon all the lay membership of the Church, where it rightfully Christianity in India reflects the character of belongs. the churches of the West, to which the churches in India owe an everlasting debt, not only for their existence, but also for support and guidance. Next in importance to evangelization, is the This dependence of the Church in India on the responsibility of the Church for its own life and Western churches has also been responsible for the administration of its own institutions as a many difficult problems. In some ways it has "self-propagating and self-governing" Church. handicapped the Church, and it has retarded The responsibility for administration is somehealthy growth. This was inevitable. On the one times related to the financial support it can prohand the Church in India could not have reached vide for the maintenance of the enterprise, and it its present stage without help; on the other hand is mistakenly contended that self-government and it has grown under the shadow of a large tree self-support are inter-dependent. Such a mechanwith an apparent loss of spontaneity. This has ical system tends to make the Church dependent upon material resources rather than upon spiritstunted its stature. The danger has lain and still lies in the way ual realities.

this help is given. Very often an undue stress is A recent conference held on "Self-Support" at laid on the financial relationship between the Nagpur, under the auspices of the National Chris- Churches of India and the Western Churches. tian Council, provides a Iseful study for those While this relationship is of great importance, in who are interested in this problem.

the last analysis it is not the vital factor. There The Churches of Christ in the world must al- has been considerable progress in "self-support" ways be interdependant and, therefore, depend- of the Churches of India. ence of the Church in India upon other Churches, From the early stages of their work, missions in itself is not wrong provided care is taken that have set before themselves the goal of creating this dependence does not inflict a moral injury "self-governing, self-supporting, and self-prop- and stunt the growth of a healthy normal plant.

OUTLOOK FOR THE CHURCH IN INDIA

There are some dangers to which the Church India. Recently surveys have been made into the of India is exposed at the present time: economic conditions of the Christian community in several parts of the country. Some of these There is a danger that the Church may in fu- surveys have been undertaken at the initiative of ture be entirely in the hands of an hierachy of the National Missionary Society. A study of these the clergy and other paid workers. While it is is most instructive. Dr. E. D. Lucas and Mr. the privilege of the ministry of the Church to Frank Thakur Dass made an economic enquiry teach, to guide and to serve, the spiritual driving into the conditions of the community in Pasrur power must come through spirit-filled laity; un- Tehsil in the Punjab and discovered that the avertil the lay element are given their due share in age income of a Christian family of five is about the government of the Church, and in the forma- $40 a year, or $3.50 a month. It is the glory of tion of its ideals, the Church can never achieve its the Christian Church that it has brought the mesobject. sage of release from the bondage to these poor people. That the Church in India is poor is not Business and professional men are not exerting a reproach, but is a matter for thankfulness. the degree of influence in affairs of the Church to Problems arising out of this fact, however, must which they are entitled. This needs to be cor- be courageously faced. Is economic poverty in acrected. cordance with the mind of Christ? Is not this problem of the extreme poverty of Christian vil- It is possible that the help of men and women lage communities a challenge to the Church? from abroad may be used in such a way as to hamper rather than help the emergence of a truly The Church in India Is a Growing Church independent Church. It is a significant fact that there have been no heresies developed in the India is one of those countries where populachurches of India. This probably means that tion is increasing rapidly. This creates a national there has been no independent thinking in the problem. Every community, in a natural way, is Church itself. The Church has produced many increasing. In 10 years (1921-1931) the poppersons who by their ability and spiritual leader- ulation of India increased by 14 per cent, but ship have taken their places in the front rank; but the Christian community and the membership of there is an urgent call for more leaders who are the Christian Church is increasing much faster. able to think and act independently in accordance During the decade 1921-31, the increase of the with the highest principles. The best way that Indian Christian community, according to the help from abroad can be given is to train and re- natural process, should have been 157,355, but it lease Christian personalities who will take the actually was 1,542,684. This has been true in responsibility of guiding the Church in India. every census report.

The life and work of men 'like the Bishop of Since 1931 reports from the churches reveal the Dornakal and the late Mr. K. T. Paul have done fact that a large number of people are continuing more to establish the Christian Church in India to turn to Christ through mass movements. These than the work of many a foreign worker. movements, well described by Bishop Pickett, are no longer from the lowest strata of society only, New Challenge but in certain sections, particularly in the diocese of Dornakal and the Nizam's Dominion, groups The Church in India may become exclusively from the highest castes of Hinduism are also ennational and conservative. The Church in the tering in the Christian Church. This welcome en- West is being confronted with a new challenge by largement of the Church in India must bring new the problems of the modern world. It is being challenges and many new problems. forced to rethink and relive, and to rededicate. The Church in India is, to a considerable extent, Conversion to Christianity in this way of large outside the currents of new thoughts. Its con- groups is fraught with many dangers and if the tact with <Ecumenical movements of the present Church in India does not have the resources to age is meager. If it is to fulfill its destiny, and if give adequate teaching and to provide essential it is to discharge its God-given responsibility, its opportunities for the nourishment and developgrowth must be harmonious and not lopsided. In ment of their Christian life, the Indian Church true and unwaning fidelity to Christ and His may well sink into lower depths. It might easily teaching it must assimilate all that is best and become another religious system. Thus while the challenging in its great heritage of the history of mass movements are providing great encouragethe Church throughout the ages, the spiritual ment they are potentially also the source of great heritage of India, and also the stirring of the danger. spirit in modern times. At the present time the Christian community in The Church of India is poor in comparison with India is only one per cent of the total population. the churches of other countries. It is poor in There is still a vast field to be evangelized by the comparison with other religious communities in

Christian enterprise, but its greatest opportunity greatest opportunity it will be a tragedy. On the does not come from that side alone. As a result of other hand if the Church is faithful to its message the recent world forces a new nation has been and can serve its country with the spirit and zeal born in India pulsating with life and anxiously of the Master, then India will make a contribudesirous to make its contribution to world civil- tion to the world whose importance cannot be exization and world culture. India is beginning to aggerated. There are tremendous possibilities for think in world terms and looks upon itself in the the future. setting of a new world. In India the Christian Church is face to face with three or four virile, The World Conference at Tambaram (Madras) aggressive religious systems with their conflict- comes at one of the critical periods of the history ing doctrines of life and action. Will the future of mankind. It is to be hoped that this ingatherof India be guided and moulded by these philos- ing of the leaders of the Christian enterprise from ophies or will the life-giving principles of Christ all the world will release a new Spiritual force give to her a new way of life and action? The which will not only give to the Church in India answer to this question must depend upon the a new vision and new power but we pray that its work and witness of the Churches in India. If clarion call for advance in the name of Christ the Church fails its motherland in the hour of her will penetrate effectively the harassed countries of the Western as well as the Eastern world.

A Saintly Surgeon of India The Story of Sir William Wanless of Mira; By MARGARET McKELLAR, M.D., LL.D.

Toronto, Ontario Missionary to India under the United Church of Canada SOMEONE has said: "If the Taj Mahal is a times Dr. Wanless was decorated by the British dream in marble the Wanless Hospital is a Government, in 1913 receiving the silver Kaiser- dream in the art of healing." Affection for i-hind medal, in 1920 the gold medal and in 1928 a royal spouse was the incentive for the one; love the late King George V conferred upon him the for the Lord Jesus Christ and suffering humanity rank and title of Knight Bachelor of the British was the incentive of the other. Empire, (K.B.E.). These honors were conferred for his distinguished services and humanitarian Multitudes of people traveled thousands of work for the people of India. miles to reach this Mecca of healing. They came not only from India, but from Iran, Iraq, and I landed in India shortly after Dr. Wanless first other countries. arrived. After forty years of medical service, we both left our respective stations within a few Wanless was a household word in many parts months of each other. We worked together in the of India. It is said that more Indian people knew All-India Christian Medical Association, of which the name of the Saintly Surgeon of Miraj than he was the organizer and secretary, then presknew even the name of the Viceroy. If a fellow ident for seventeen years. One day I found mytraveler said that he was going to Miraj you could self in his home, with the late Dr. Arthur Neve of assume that he was going to "Wanless" for the Kashmir and Dame Edith Brown of Ludhiananames were synonymous. both famous surgeons. They were discussing with Sir William the respective merits of certain opera- Sir William James Wanless is a name destined tions, e.g., Colonel Smith's cataract extraction for to live among the names of the world's great sur- which Sir William himself had designed an ingeons, not only in India, where he worked out his strument for extracting .the lens. Today this is on earthly life's purpose with a heavenly meaning, the market as the "Wanless extractor." It was but in the Hall of Fame, established by the Uni- apparent that Sir William had a thorough familversity of New York. He received his medical iarity with the technique of the different varieties degree from that University in 1889, shortly be- of operations. Other members of the medical profore he went to India. In 1916 he became a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons. Three

A SAINTLY SURGEON OF INDIA

fession, British medical service men and mission- Although Dr. Wanless and I were stationed aries, all had confidence in his wisdom and skill. some six hundred miles apart, I took many Euro- pean patients to Miraj for operations. These In response to my question as to how he kept were 100 per cent successful. his surgical instruments from rusting, Sir William answered: "I use them"; and he did to At Miraj operations were the order of the day, splendid purpose. For his skill in surgery he was usually from noon until hours after lamplight, called the "Wizard of India." Even non-Christians when all the cases were finished, with no break except for afternoon tea, served in the operating STAFF AND STUDENTS OF THE MEDWAL SCHOOL, MIRAJ room annex. Foreign staft, seated. Left to Right: Dr. Vail, Dr. Inglis Frost, In the operating theater, Sir William was Rev. R. C. Richardson, Dr. W. J. Wanless. scrupulously observant of antiseptic precautions and would brook no carelessness on the part of recognized his Christlike example and called him his medical assistants or of visiting doctors. I "The Saintly Surgeon." saw him ruffled only twice. Once when defective forceps were flung on the floor and the other time One Indian patient, on being asked why he had when a visiting doctor placed on the tray of sterpassed by Bombay where there are many good ilized instruments an instrument that had been in hospitals and physicians, replied: "Because I was touch with an infected area. told that Dr. Wanless prays before he operates." There is no cemetery for surgical patients at- Once I saw a grateful patient, a mother, whose tached to Miraj Hospital! life he had saved when there was "no hope" for her, kiss him much to his surprise. Often Hindus Like D. L. Moody, our beloved Saintly Surgeon endeavored to kneel and kiss his feet. was a general. He was quick to grasp the situa- tion. He was a man of few words-many deeds. Sir William was not a surgeon who specialized on one organ-the whole body was his field of After one critical operation, an aggrieved nurse operation. He was equally successful in cataract asked him, "Why did you shout at me when you extractions, and in abdominal surgery, hence wanted that instrument? I feel very badly about there flocked to his hospital patients from far i.t. " and near; princes and paupers, high and low caste-for he did not discriminate; their need of "Did I shout?" he gently replied, "I am very his skill was their passport. The low-castes and sorry. All I thought about was to save that womuntouchables received the same care as did Ma- an's life!" hatma Gandhi or the rajahs. One of the 400 missionaries, who had been his Even children recognized and trusted his skill. patients, said to me: "I had to take my turn on Two mission-school children were overheard in a heated quarrel. When one could not have things CLINIC BUILDING AT THE MIRAJ HOSPITAL as she wanted, she said: "I'll cut your head off!" To this the other answered, "I don't care if you the operating table but with the greatest assurdo; I'll go to Dr. Wanless and he will put it on ance, knowing that I had for my surgeon one of again !" international fame. Night after night, as I lay in the cottage which had been built as a memorial People had such confidence in him that they to Mary Wanless, I would hear the brisk step of came without fear of the surgical knife. A poor the doctor and could see the flicker of light from village man, who could not understand that his his small lantern cross my window and my door. was an inoperable case, came to the doctor's bun- It was eleven o'clock, and he was returning home .galow and with tears streaming down his face said, "Doctor-saheb says he won't operate on me. Please, memsaheb, tell the doctor to do operation on me."

after making his bedtime rounds at the hospital. When the message reached me, the one day There had been many patients to see, just fresh train had already left for Miraj and there would that day from the operating table. He had done be no other for hours. Miraj was 30 miles distant his best and we knew that he prayed for them, and the road, in those days, was atrocious. The commending them to the One who slumbers not only missionary car in town was an old decrepit nor sleeps. They were committed to the keeping affair and could not be depended on to make the of the Great Physician. journey. I went in search of another car that I thought might be borrowed from the State. I Sir William won the warm friendship of His went first to get the antitoxin and then drove on Highness Shahu Maharajah of Kolhapur, who to the large State bungalow used by His Highness was ever ready to further the Miraj medical work as an office. by his generous gifts of land and money. Dr. Mary Stewart Marshall tells the following story A sepoy patrol with his gun paced in front of the State bungalow. He saluted and stepped up to SHRISHAHU CHHATROPATI MAHARAJA OF KOLHAPUR the car to ask my errand. I explained that Dr. Wanless was critically ill and that a request had of Royalty voluntarily running errands for a mis- come for medicine. I would like to ask His Highsionary. During the "cold season" of 1916-17 ness to send it as soon as possible by a State car. word reached Kolhapur of the serious illness of The guard left me and went to tell the Maharajah. Dr. Wanless. None of us could remember his ever In a few minutes he returned with His Highness, before having been more than slightly incapaci- bareheaded and barefooted, wearing the thin tated. His only American colleague was a young white cotton clothing that comprised his usual medical man who had come out as a short-term costume. With the genial smile that characterized assistant. Naturally, he felt keenly the serious- him, he asked what he might do for me. As I reness of the situation and the heavy responsibility peated the explanation his Highness listened, and resting on his shoulders. A critical throat condi- at once exclaimed: "Dr. Wanless ill? I shall go tion had developed and the younger doctor sent a myself!" With that I gladly handed over the messenger by train to Kolhapur asking me to packet of antitoxin. send at once two tubes of diphtheria antitoxin from the Mary Wanless Hospital, given by the It was office hours for the Maharajah, and the Maharajah because of services rendered by Sir grounds surrounding his office building were William. swarming with State officers and their peons (clerks) wearing the scarlet badge of office. Many no doubt had State business to transact with His Highness. Office hours came to a sudden close that day, and many disappointed politicians no doubt returned home to ponder on the strange ways of their Maharajah. He himself wore many coveted decorations conferred by the British Gov- ernment, including the Grand Commander of the Indian Empire and the Grand Commander of the Star of India, but he was never more kingly than when, with utmost spontaneity, he volunteered to go as messenger for his missionary friend and physician.

Dr. Wanless, after he had recovered, told with a smile of the Maharajah's arrival. He would en- trust the packet to no servant or medical attend- ant, but walked into the sick room with it. The patient was more than a little surprised to see his royal visitor and to hear him say, "Doctor, I my- self have brought you the medicine."

The Maharajah frequently came to witness operations. On one occasion a new nurse, who had not met him before, was on duty and in her vigilence refused him admission, unless (for anti-. septic reasons), he would don a surgical cap and gown. He meekly submitted, but as he was a man six feet tall and weighing 350 pounds, the gown covered a very small area, and the cap looked like

an inverted cup on his large head! The Mahara- In a letter to the Presbyterian Board of Forjah was known as very kind-hearted and as the eign Missions, written during his early years of patient, who was a low-caste man, was being service, Dr. Wanless bemoaned the fact that he wheeled from the room, he pulled from his pocket had closed the year with a $15.00 deficit. He a ten-rupee note and told the attendant to give it added: "Although you have announced a 50 per to the patient. The next patient for operation was cent cut for next year I will try not to let this hapa white man, and when he in turn was being pen again and am praying that friends in this wheeled from the room, the Maharajah asked, "Is country may rise up to help and not let the work he a poor man too?" "Yes," said the doctor with suffer." The prayers were answered! The hosa laugh, "He is just a missionary." pital soon became self-supporting and later al- though it was a Christian mission hospital, it The Maharaja of Kolhapur acknowledged again was supported entirely by Indian money and and again, in public addresses and State papers, three-fourths of its buildings were given by his indebtedness to the mission for benefits con- wealthy non-Christian Indians as memorial buildferred upon his State. The following quotation ings. Such a large gift is unique in mission an- (translated) from a Kolhapur State Public No- nals. tice, issued September, 1919, will illustrate: It is difficult to give an adequate idea of the Be informed that, at all public buildings, charity rest scope of what Sir William accomplished. His was houses, state houses, public government inns, etc., and an heroic adventure, but the end of his endeavor river watering places, public wells, etc., no defilement on justifies his faith in his own conception of what account of any human being is to be taken account of. could be done. He never forgot that he was first Just as in Christian public buildings and public wells, and last and at all times a missionary of Christ. and as Doctor Wanless, in the American Mission, treats He was dedicated soul and body to serve the peoall with the same love, so also here, they are to be treated ple of India and never allowed anything to conas not esteeming any unclean. flict with that career. He believed the work of healing to be a demonstration of the Gospel of Thus he endeavored to raise the status of the Christ's love. He did not talk of the institutions Untouchables of his State. which he had built, but he told of the communities of Christians in the towns where there had been William J. Wanless was born on the edge of a no Christians when he arrived in India. These forest in Ontario, Canada. Twenty-four years lat- towns were medical outstations where work was er this hardy young son of Scotch pioneers was started by graduates of his school, trained in the paving the way for medical missions in the prim- art of healing both soul and body. These dispenitive native Indian state of Miraj. Contrast the saries, in the districts eighteen to sixty miles dishumble beginnings in his medical work-a shack tant, developed into hospitals and churches with used as a dispensary and an operating table of growing Christian communities. Sir William rough boards made by the doctor himself-with often spoke of the joy in serving communion in the present! On his retirement his great heart one of these on the last Sabbath before his retireand skillful hands left the largest medical plant ment. of all missions in India. It consisted of four great institutions-a hospital with six branch hospitals, In an address, delivered at one of the many a medical school, a leper asylum, and a tubercu- farewells, in his honor, a non-Christian said: losis sanitarium. One and a half million patients had passed through the doors of hospital and dis- You have been a missionary in the truest sense of the pensary, and thousands of operations performed word and have ennobled the traditions of that high callannually. In the Miraj Medical School scores of ing. Your work of healing has always been subordinate Christian young men have been trained to practice to the Gospel message and you have rejoiced far more medicine and to preach the Gospel of Christ and over a regenerated soul than a regenerated body. India are working in mission hospitals in various parts needs saintly surgeons like you, who can lead her away of the country. It is the only mission medical from the whirlpools of political strife to the quiet waters school for men in all India. Being affiliated with of spiritual development and useful service in the cause the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Bom- of humanity. bay, the degrees are conferred by that institution. While those skillful hands are at rest, the soul The Leper Asylum cares for 250 lepers annual- of Sir William goes marching on. "His works do ly and 50 per cent of them have become Christians. follow him." "This great medical plant," writes They have their own organized church. The Sir a Board Secretary, "stands as a permanent me- William Wanless Tuberculosis Sanitarium was morial of an eminently useful service for Christ given its name by Sir Leslie Wilson, then Gover- and the people of India. This is his monument." nor of Bombay. Funds for site and buildings were raised entirely in India by. Sir William and was Small wonder that Britain knighted the Saintly opened by him in 1931. Surgeon, or that India mourned when he was called to his reward.

Children's Page; Tomi Ko

By VIOLET WOOD, Missionary Education Movement TOMI KO SAN was a Japanese girl in an Mr. Finney took out his wallet and handed his American grammar school. All week she tennis permit to the clerk, saying: "I don't want studied hard in public school. On Saturdays to play on a tennis court that is closed to my litshe went to a Japanese Christian school and on tle friend, Tomi. I wish to return my permit."

Sundays attended an American Sunday school. Joseph, Julia and Mary looked at each other.

When Tomi's best friends-Joseph, Mary and They had waited so long for permits of their own, Julia-talked of getting tennis rackets she it seemed impossible to give them up.

wanted one, too, and persuaded her father, who "What could we do about it?" they thought.

kept an Oriental art shop, to buy one for her. Then Tomi said quietly: Then Tomi and her friends studied the rules of "Mr. Finney, you are doing what our Sunday- the game, and practiced in the back yard. When school teacher talked about last Sunday, loving the four of them thought they knew the game, your neighbor as yourself."

they went with Joseph's father to get permits to Joseph, too, had listened to that same lesson play on the public courts. and remembered how Jesus had always been The four children sat on the bench in the wait- ready to help people in trouble. Joseph began to ing room of the Town Hall while Mr. Finney wonder how he would feel if he were Tomi.

(Joseph's father) spoke to the clerk. They were Finally he gave his new permit back to the clerk.

very much excited. It seemed too good to be true When Tomi saw what he was doing, she cried that they were about to get permits to play on out, "No! No! Please, you must not do that for real tennis courts instead of in their backyards. me."

Joseph's turn came first. The clerk asked him "Joseph, I'm proud of you," said Mr. Finney.

such questions as: What is your name? Where "We shall get other permits to play on the 'Y'

do you live? and How old are you? After Joseph courts, even if they are not so near home."

had answered politely, tingling with excitement, "We want to give ours up, too," shouted Julia the clerk said: suddenly for herself and Mary.

"Will you sign your name here, Joseph?" The clerk looked in amazement at the little The clerk blotted the signature and, leaning group. "I'm going to see that this story is re- over his desk handed Joseph a pink card, and ported at the next Town Meeting. If everybody said: "That's your permit, young man, and I felt that way, something could be done."

hope you win lots of games." And something was done! It took time, but to- "Thank you, sir," answered Joseph, "I'm going day in that town every boy and girl, whether to try hard to be a good player." Japanese, Chinese or Filipino, can play on the Tomi, like most Oriental boys and girls, was so public tennis courts.

polite, that she insisted that Julia and Mary get Making Use of This Story their permits before her.

When Tomi's turn came, the clerk said: "I'm Ask the Children: sory but foreigners can't play on these tennis Do you think of putting into action what you learn at courts." Sunday school?

"But I am an American girl," responded Tomi Is calling Japanese and Chinese hoys and girls "Japs, smiling, sure that this would make everything Chinks and Chinamen" doing as you would have others right. "I was born in California." do to you?

If Americans truly followed Jesus' example would there -The clerk appealed to Mr. Finney, saying: "It's be people in our country who are looked down upon beagainst the rules to give Japs and Chinks per- cause they have different colored skin?

mits." Activities: The tears started in Tomi's eyes at the word, An interesting contest would be to see which child can "Japs." Many times she had been called that in name the most articles that Tomi's father might have the school yard and on the street, and did not like in his art shop. (For exam~le: rice, kimonos, tea, jade, it. But Tomi was brave and did not let herself vases, pottery, china, prints, candied ginger, spices, dolls, cry. lanterns, fans, lacquered objects, tableware, dish gardens, etc.) Joseph, Julia and Mary were astounded. They couldn't believe that anyone could ever think of If children are far from a museum, they might visit their dear friend as a foreigner or unfit to play an Oriental art shop or a Chinese or Japanese Sunday on the public courts. school. Stimulate their interest by photographs, stamp collections and illustrated books of Oriental flower ar- rangements and miniature gardens.

[ 542] I Effective Ways of Working 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MISS GRACE W. lVlcGAVRAN, 5718 OAK AVE.. INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA ~=====================l~ From a Treasurer's Notebook to let the group at headquarters one of them the Guild library have some idea of what they can and instituting a real system of (The following are actual notes count on from us. But we know issuance and check-up, with taken from the notebook of one of right now that our incomes will fines as in the case of the public the officers of a missionary organiza- be just about the same. Why library, the service rendered be- tion. The record was not completed can't we set our goal in June ing considered a direct contri- there; but a year later, without any and then have three months' bution and a small fee being money-raising dinner or bazaar or head-start? paid. Certain other possibilities similar device, that group reached its are open for work by which giving goal-and twenty dollars over. May 10th. A little figuring these members could obtain the . An educational exhibit and program with paper and pencil gives minimum 25 cents a month pay- of real value to the community was some curious results. We have ment. put on in cooperation with the Wom- 29 members. Our aim in giving en's Missionary Society. The aim -don't ask me why-is $410. May 11th. Further thought was to present the best features of That means an average of $34.00 suggests that any responsibility the year's study to a larger number each month. It is only a little which becomes delinquent for than is reached by the organizations over a dollar a month for each good cause at the end of each themselves; the Guild's share of the person, but we have some mem- three months' period, should be net receipts (from the 25-cent and bers who do not tithe and some made a joint responsibility, and 15-cent admission fees) was forty whose income would not permit some means devised for clearing dollars. that high giving in addition to it at once and for redistribution their other church obligations. of it for the future. Why not survey your own members' So a bit of uneven figuring giving goal in somewhat the same brings the following: May 12th. There are numbers way? Make a big chart with a place of women who are not having for each pledge, starting with the 2 pledges of $5.00 a month-$10.00 any share in the world-wide task larger ones and progressing down to 3 pledges of 3.00 a month- 9.00 of the church right in our con- the smaller gifts. Trace over with 3 pledges of 2.00 a month- 6.00 gregation. We wish they would red or blue or green as each is taken 3 pledges of 1.00 a month- 3.00 join in the fellowship of our up, giving no names, but indicating study and social life. But it is the amounts pledged or received.) $28.00 also quite possible for them to share in the responsibility. A May 8th. We had our meeting which means, you realize, that eleven canvass of the situation might of the Business Women's Mis- people will be carrying all but $6.00 be made. A financial approach sionary Guild last night. June of the responsibility each month. But should not be made unless it be- 30th closes the missionary year, it will be eleven who are able, pro- comes evident that they do not and we have turned in to the portionately, to give that much more. care to become members in full treasury just over half of the fellowship. amount of money we feel is 6 pledges of $0.50 a month-$3.00 what our group wants to con- 12 pledges of .25 a month- 3.00 Sacrifice1 tribute to the cause of missions this year. We have sold cards, $6.00 A Dialogue on Stewardship have had dinners, have had spe- cial gifts, have had entertain- will make up the total. 29 pledges of Scene: The corner of a living room. ments. Now we are trying to 29 members will equal $410.00 in the Two easy chairs, an occasional table arrange for a very attractive year! and a floor lamp so set that it lights entertainment which will inter- the characters from the side away est people other than those in May 10th. There are a few from the audience. the church whom we feel we members who, since the depres- have bled quite sufficiently in sion, have been without any in- Characters: Julia Farrell and her our cause this year. We are not come whatever. It might be pos- friend, Maurine Day. very happy over the situation. sible to turn over to them the Some of us feel we are giving responsibility of selling the Time: Late afternoon. until it hurts, but most of us Christmas cards which the Guild wonder if there isn't a better has sold for long enough to have The scene opens as Julia and Mau- way. had it become more or less of an rine come in from outdoors, C'oat~ institution and a service in the and hats on. May 9th. We've been think- community. There is also the ing. September is the time to possibility of turning over to 1 Book Rights Reserved. Grace w. Mc- "accept goals" or in other words, [ 543 ] Gavran.

Julia: Let me have your Julia (smiling a bit): Well, ber that poem-I can't say it all, things, dear. I'll pop them onto I don't. I tell you it's too hard. but two lines of it sing through my bed. Be back in a moment. You just said so yourself. my mind like a warning every (She departs with the wraps. time I plan to spend: Ma'/,lrine sinks into a chair, Maurine: But, -but – Well, yawns, picks up a magazine, I will ask it! Where did you get I have more clothes than I can wear. glances at it for a few moments that ten-dollar bill you put in? Their head and hands and feet are and then, with it still open be- I know it was a ten, even if you fore her, becomes absorbed in did try to fold it so it wouldn't bare. thought, looking absently at show. nothing and frowning a bit.) I can't sacrifice, Maurine, but I Julia: Oh, that! I don't mind can live with voluntary re- Julia (coming in again): Why telling you. I used to get all hot straint. That's what I've discov- and bothered when I heard ered. With those words ringing so solemn? You look as if all things like that today and feel in my heart, I can keep from the cares of the universe were as if I should make some tre- getting the more that will leave on your shoulders. (Smiles at mendous sacrifice. Once I tried me poverty-stricken when I Maurine and takes her own having subsistence meals twice most want to help. It's not sacchair. Picks up her knitting or a week. But Jack hadn't heard rifice. It's a way of living. It's fancy work.) the appeal and took to going to not a struggle. It's a contest in the restaurant those nights. So which I expect to win. There's Maurine: It's silly, I know, it didn't work. And then I tried no regret in it. Only content- but that woman's talk sort of doing without the next garment ment. haunts me. Makes me feel as if I was going to buy. But I'd have I ought to make some tremen- to get it eventually, so that Maurine (thoughtfully): It dous sacrifice and send a whole didn't work. I decided I wasn't sounds as if it might be a way pile of money. Of course, I cut out for sacrifice. out for me. (Pulls a shopping know it's silly to let her upset list from her purse.) "New flow- me so . . . ! Maurine: Then how do you er for blue dress." My present manage? flower is almost new. It isn't Julia (thoughtfully): I don't that I need a new one. I just think it's silly. We're pretty Julia: Once I decided sacri- saw a delicious new shade in well hardened in our generation fice was too heroic for a nature flowers at The Betty Shop. I to pleas of pity, but she wasn't like mine and gave it up, I be- suppose right there . . . your asking for pity exactly. gan to think. If I sacrificed two poem would come in, dresses it would give me twenty Maurine: That's what got me dollars to spend. Good dresses, . . . more than I can wear. down. The very fact that they not just everydays, of course. Their . . . feet are bare. are fighting to change things Well, when I came to plan my and expect to eliminate that con- clothes budget, I just cut it down I see, Julia. I can't get that dition, yet must have help to twenty dollars to start with and flower now. I don't need it. It save the children caught in it to- put in a flat twenty dollars for won't be any real sacrifice to day from utter ruin. emergency giving. That's a dol- give it up. (Folds up list and lar and sixty-six cents a month. puts it away.) Voluntary re- Julia: It's different, all right. I didn't leave out any dresses. I straint. I like that idea. A way Not just an endless chain. It's don't buy more than I need. But of living! (Glances at her . a present emergency. And so I found that I could cut out watch.) Mercy! My poor in- enough little things and make a fants will think they've lost close home no one else can be pair of stockings last a little their mother. responsible! longer by prompt or careful darning, and make one belt do (Both rise.) Maurine (gloomily): And I for two dresses, – oh, there were a hundred things I was Julia: I've been thinking of can't do a thing. Not a thing. spending from ten cents to a adding a verse to the Scriptures I've just spent every cent I have dollar on that I could do with- lately, Maurine. (Smiles mis- to spare on things I need. If it out! And there was my twenty! ! chievously.) "Justice is better had been last week, I might have than sacrifice; and the life of let that last dress go, and yet- Maurine: But you did have to restraint better than emotion." Julia, I don't have more clothes do without. Nice addition to Proverbs, eh? than I need. How can one sacri- fice a dress or a hat? I don't Julia: I never said I didn't. I (They go out, chatting inau- have a whole shelf of hats. I said I had quit sacrificing. It's dibly.) only get just the one I need for not sacrifice to plan carefully. each season. It's fun to beat your own budget. Why Hang On?

Julia (slowly): Well, if you Maurine: I'd mind having to Stewardship is not just a must know the truth, I've given cut down on little things. I hate question of what one gives. It up sacrificing. It's too hard. watching pennies. is often a question of that to which one hangs on. Maurine (startled): Why J ul- Julia: So would I if that were all there were to it. But there's *** ia! I might admit it's too hard more than that. Do you remem- for me. But you! You must sac- 1. If you can admit, "My rifice something! You always closet shelf holds a clock I shall seem to have a huge amount to hand in when things like this come up. You must sacrifice.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

never have mended because I Have you made any serious A Column of Horrors! now use electric clocks; an old attempt to persuade members of toaster that has been replaced your society to face the possibil- Miss X opened the large by a gleaming streamlined mod- ities of service with such things packet of scrapbooks to be sent el; some dishes that came to me to which they are hanging on? to the foreign mission field. Her with the purchase of a certain "It might come in handy" was unbelieving eyes were startled commodity, but which I shall an excellent watchword for fron- by an accumulation of the heroes likely never use; and by the tier living, but it is a drag upon and heroines of Hollywood. way there are a couple of old- us today. As a result of such Thousands of them! Assembled fashioned rockers up in the stor- hoarding our hours are filled with infinite care! Pasted painsage room," -if you can admit with storing and dusting, sort- takingly into Jumbo scrapbooks! that, you are hanging on. You ing and rearranging. This robs Carefully indexed! Miss X are not rendering account of us of power to give that which wilted. She decided to leave till what you have which should be will make life easier for our fel- a later day the writing of the in circulation. The Salvation low men. letter of acknowledgement to the Army, the Goodwill Industries donors. and other organizations can use Why not present this idea in those things to rehabilitate men. a dramatic form? Have a speak- The amount of customs duty . You are using them to accumu- er give the first paragraph. A which had to be paid on that late dust. second speaker, with arms package from home made the loaded with objects, give the missionary-on-the-Congo gasp. It *** second. A, third represent the must be paid from his own sal- third. A fourth may dramatize ary, though the package was for 2. If, hanging in your clothes the fourth. Then announce that the mission. It contained "25 closet, you can find unneeded or a committee of two with a car yards of silk," said the declaraunused dresses, out of style, and a list of possible articles will tion. "Silk! In Africa!" The slightly worn or faded and re- appear at the door of each mem- missionary was doubtful. When placed by something you like ber during the week, ready to the package was opened words better-if you can find them receive contributions, to discuss failed him; the yards of silk there, you are hanging on. The further the list of articles and (declared at retail) turned out charity organizations of your to help decide as to the possible to be scraps of taffeta cut into town can use those garments to usefulness of things that the quilt pieces! And taffeta, Genclothe the naked. You are using member has hung on to, and tle Reader, rots in a very short them to dry-rot! promising to return later if time on the banks of the mighty there will be a second donation Congo. *** ready. How welcome were those Vis- 3. If there are lying about Of course, your list of usable itors-from-Home. They wanted shoes, needing repair but which articles will be made after conyou have not bothered to take to sultation with organizations to see the work; were anxious the shoeman, shoes that pinch which can use them. A truck and so are seldom worn, shoes may be need if large articles are to know more of India. Yes, out of style that you do not care to be donated. The calling com- they would enjoy nothing more to wear, shoes that might come mittees will compile this list. in handy some time but never Perhaps the men of the church than a week at the Christian do-if you are keeping such, will contribute the use of a truck Mela or Camp-Retreat with the you are hanging on. They can to take things to a near-by town missionaries; they would take be used to enable others to walk if your own town cannot make life exactly as the missionaries the wet wintry streets dry-shod. use of them. did. The place was a lovely spot Why keep them to give you a far from railroad and still farsense of oppulence? Such a project can be carried ther from stores and shops. out once a year. It trains mem- Tents dotted the landscape. The *** bers of the society to be alert as Visitors-from-Home were de- to possibilities of giving rather lighted. The evening meal of 4. If you have stored away than hanging on. delicious curry and rice was scraps of new cloth with the served. "We don't eat any Inthought that some day you may If you have a group in your dian food," said the Visitorsquilt; old silk garments that society which sews, you may from-Home, sweetly but deteryou think you might make into want to retain some things, such minedly. The face of the misa hooked rug; pieces of cloth or as quilt pieces or pieces big sionary's wife was inscrutable as partly worn garments which you enough to make children's gar- she ordered soft-boiled eggs for plan to make over some day,- ments, for a service project of the Visitors-from-Home. In her if they are there, you are hang- your own. A committee should mind words began racing: ing on. Busy fingers at sewing decide after things are collected "Eggs for dinner? Eggs for clubs and settlement classes will just what goes where. Do not lunch?? Eggs for breakfast??? make use of them, while you will despise odds and ends. There's no way to get American only dream about it. food now. What shall I do?"

BULLETIN

Council of Women for Home Missions EDITED BY MISS EDITH E. LOWRY, 297 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y.

INDIAN AMERICAN YOUNG PEOPLE The Joint Committee on In- PART OF ONE CHURCH SCHOOL CLASS ON A HIKE TO THE HILLS. dian Work of the Home Mis- RIVERSIDE. CALIFORNIA. sions Councils (Council of Women for Home Missions and Home Religious Work Director said, "I whom she felt responsibility. Missions Council) presents such a united Christian approach to want to talk to you. I decided Their mother is dead and the Indian American young people in six United States Government tonight for sure that I want to two girls live with an aunt in boarding schools where young people coming from reservations go to a Christian training school ' a country community with no are in new surroundings and feel shy, homesick and strange. to become a nurse." Application church. Soon after Betty's re- The six schools being served blanks were filled out a few days turn home she wrote the Reliin this .way are reaching approximately 3,000 students and later for training at a Presby- gious Work Director at school, are located as follows: terian mission. · (This girl is 'We have in our house a little Albuquerque Indian School, Albuquerque, New Mexico. from a Presbyterian field. ) Word Sunday school. We have neigh- Flandreau Indian School, Flandreau, came back later that there was bors' children come in. Could South Dakota. no room for her. The girl then you help us in our community?' Has k e 11 Institute, Lawrence, Kansas. decided to take post-graduate The Director sent a package of Salem Indian School, Chemawa, work in high school in the mean- papers, pictures and cards. In Oregon. time. The following year she en- thanking the Director for the Sherman Institute, Riverside, California. tered the Presbyterian mission helps she added, 'We have a sing The sixth location is a fine place of and this fall graduates as a on Wednesday nights. We have rural community work being developed in Eastern Oklahoma, near Stillwell. trained nurse ready for work. more older people here then. Of There is no greater need today The Religious Work Directors course we have no piano, but– in missionary work than for follow the struggles of the stu- plays the guitar and that is good churches and denominations to work together in presenting the dents as they return to their enough. I am trying to learn to Christian message in a united reservations during the summer play one too. Here's hoping I way. or after graduation and by learn.' " The interdenominational Reli- friendly encouragement often The stories that follow, sent gious Work Director is willing have the satisfaction of seeing by the Directors, emphasize the to listen, no matter what the those students rise to positions need for more of this kind of problem. Individual lives are of leadership among their own follow-up, serving all denominaoften reshaped by this friendly people. guidance of the Religious Work tions freely but ministering to Director who ministers to them Here is the story of a girl who the student's need first of all: through worship services, social is making the best of her opporgatherings, games, choir 'prac- tunities: "A senior who grad- What the Church Is Doing tice, discussion groups and personal consultations. uated this spring went home "Nellie and Sam, graduates of a with her younger sister for few years ago, came to see us re- Let us consider the case of a girl, a senior in school, who, following a meeting of the Missionary Society in the home of the [ 5461

BULLETIN: COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

cently and upon invitation stayed to supper. Through most of the evening we visited and talked over experiences of school days. Toward the end of the evening Sam said they must go. They thanked us sincerely, and I walked out to the door to bid them good night. They started down the walk, then re- turned hesitantly. 'She's got something she wanted to say to you, Mr.

–' 'Well, I wonder what it could be!' I grinned. (Oh, I had a 'hunch'

all right, for I had talked over some personal plans with this boy weeks before.) " 'We've been married three weeks!' Nellie said, shyly but happily. Sam is a carpenter here in town. Both are Christian students, graduates of two years ago. And that's what they had come to tell me in the first 'Place!

How I love them for it, and for the friendship which has lasted and which has opened anew to the blessed coun- selling about plans for a new Christian home! They'll come often now- and the latch string's out!"

What Church People Can Do "Our most pressing need for the CHILDREN FROM HOMES LIKE THIS COME UNDER OUR INFLUENCE IN Chapel is a good resonant bell for the GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS. belfry. For several years we have discussed this. More and more each senior in-University. There will gets swellheaded because he's had year it takes on significance because surely be a place for him in the world some rare experience, or because he we live here with these boys and girls when he is ready. For he is deter- gets boosted to some office-well, it's as a community and they need some- mined to go back to his people in just too bad for his leadership.' thing to bring to mind and heart the eastern Oklahoma, and live before call of worship and Christian service. them the Christian life which he has "'I see what you mean . . . I'll Perhaps an individual or a group found so abundant. sure try to do this thing right,' and I might take this matter up as a proj- thought I caught a square set to his ect." *** jaw as he started putting on his foot- ball uniform to go out on the field to *** What the Indians Are Doing practice. Joe's an orphan. The first white man this Navajo ever saw he "Dorothy is one of our most pop- An Indian girl, about sixteen years ran from for dear life and hid among ular and finest students but one who old, meditating on the future has this the sheep-just another wild creature has a real problem in her future. She to say: "The preservation of the In- of the desert a few years ago. is a complete ward of the Government, dian race is necessary but, I think it her parents having died within a week must be done through the Indian "He waved his hand to me from the of each other, about five years ago. youth preparing themselves for re- field as I watched him at practice. They left six children; Harold, an sponsible positions and the more we He'll remember!" older son who is now working; Dor- prove ourselves the more responsible othy who is in school here in –; positions will be waiting for us. We *** and four smaller ones who are now cannot go on living in the past, dear being cared for by a family. They as it was to the hearts of our nature- "Our so-called sophistication also had all been separated until these ar- loving people. There is a future, appeals to the Indian, particularly the bright with dreams of happy homes, young person. They readily adopt rantrements were made. of positions well-filled, of friends our dress and manner and along with "Dorothv came here after her par- among all races and of better under- that the cigarette and liquor. I think standing of ourselves and others. We that too often all they see in us is the ent's death and has been here ever are proud to be Indian and we are outside and they follow our pattern." since. She has a pleasing personality glad to have a chance to make others and appearance and has been active proud of us too." *** in religious as well as school activities and is one that I would like to *** The Christian spirit finds exsee go back to her people as a Chris- pression in Indian life in service tian leader. Her parents were Chris- Joe, the captain of this year's foot- for others: tians and gave the children a good ball team has just returned from a beginning for that life. That hope for wonderful conference trip and tour "Two of our finest speakers among Dorothy needs the prayers and inter- which the religious work director the Indian girls–one a Navajo, one a est of Christian people." helped him attend. They are sitting Hopi, themselves inseparable pals on the cot in Joe's room. though their ancestors were bitter en- *** emies-gave earnest talks saying that "What shall I do for my life work?" "'Joe, the very fact that you have old emnities were dead and friendly We have all asked the question so had this privilege and that you have ties strengthened by Christian influ- many times. But to the Indian living been chosen football captain too has ences." in a white man's civilization it is one a little bit of danger in it for you, with especial sil4nificance. Few there did you know that?' Joe looked at his And at Christmas time Indian boys. are who face the matter as did this friend keenly, but a little puzzled. and girls at Sherman Institute pack young Indian man. Left an orphan at 'That's right, Joe. The really great boxes of toys which they send to the a very early age, handicapped most leaders are the ones who keep their Migrants in the cotton fields in Cali- of his life with a speech impediment, hearts and their sY'm.pathies right fornia. They have little to share, yet which he is successfully overcoming, close to the hearts of the people they they experience the feeling of inner with little or no money, he is now II. mix with in everyday life. If II. fellow happiness that comes from joyous giving.

~':============"""""'====

I Our World–wide Outlook A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ~'I======~EDI=TED=BY=MR=S. =HEN=RIE=TTA=H.=FE=RGU=SON=, X=ENI=A, O=HI=O ======= WESTERN ASIA in the constitution, calling Tur- tlements have welcomed visiting key a Moslem country, was de- mISSIOnaries of the Hebrew New Day in New Turkey leted ; then religious schools, Christian Fellowship, and Jews orders, and religious uniforms, are freely purchasing the Scrip- Hope for true religjous liberty were suppressed; Friday as a tures, although Christian work in Turkey, when Christian mis- holiday was abolished. Not only in Ute villages has had to be sionaries will be welcomed, is this, but there is distinct anti- largely discontinued. The Misseen in a bill before parliament religious teaching in many of sion to Mediterranean Garrisons to offer amnesty to the 150 polit- the schools. Not long ago the and the International Christian ical offenders, exiled from Tur- government ordered the sale of Police Association report enkey in the early days of the Re- 300 mosques in Istanbul. couraging work among British public. It is remarked all over soldiers and police. the country that a new day has -Alliance Weekly. dawned, when Turkey can for- -World Dominion Press. give and reinstate those who Since the Balfour Declaration fought to prevent its emancipa- Trans-Iranian Railway tion. One Turkish paper said: Changes in Palestine since the "This amnesty creates a new Jews were promised a national Last August construction of atmosphere throughout the whole home are reflected in the busi- the Trans-Iranian Railway was country … it will strengthen ness advertisements, such as completed. The line was begun the power, the stability, the those of the King Solomon Bank, in 1927, and fulfils a dream of honor and fame of the country Zerubbabel Bank, Judea Insur- Iranians. The ceremonies atand of the revolution, both at ance, Dead Sea Bath Salts, etc. tending the opening of the road home and abroad." There is a training ship the were most elaborate, with high Sarah I, for Jewish sailors, officials present. The station was Another editor commented: flying the blue and white Zion appropriately decorated and a "The movement toward a gen- flag, operated by the Zebu- ribbon was stretched across the eral amnesty for political of- lon Society (Zebulon was the line. The crown prince and the fenses means that the way is be- seashore tribe). shah each tightened a gold nut; ing prepared for freedom of dis- the shah cut the ribbon, formalcussion. In order that this free- Not the least interesting is ly opening the service. The road dom may widen, writers and the Palestine Symphony Orches- connects the Caspian Sea with critics should be positive and tra. The hounding of Jewish the Persian Gulf, and additional creative, recognizing unity and musicians out of Germany has lines connecting Tabriz and harmony as the highest values. made of it one of the greatest in Meshed are being surveyed. The Thus will be assured the condi- the world. In less than two people of Iran take great pride tions which will produce a move- months this orchestra of sev- in the fact that this gigantic ment toward a true demor.racy." enty-one virtuosos was assem- task was completed without bor- bled and developed into an har- rowing from abroad. The in- -World Dominion Press. monious whole. This occurred creased facilities of travel will in Palestine, an insecure and greatly extend the possibilities Turkey's Materialism troubled land, in a pioneering of missionary service. stage of national life. After the A writer in the Near East orchestra visited Egypt, enthu- -Press Translation Service. Christian Council's Bulletin be- siastic Egyptians organized a lieves that the future of religion Society of Friends of the Pales- Silent Ministry in Turkey is a part of the crit- tine Orchestra.-S. S. Times. ical problem of the religious life Dr. Frederick G. Coan, for 40 of the world. Since the abolition Palestine Problems years a missionary in Iran, of the Caliphate, Turkish leaders called one day on a bigoted, .have proceeded on the assump- Present disorders in Palestine fanatical ecclesiastic-the kind tion that religion had never done are having their effect on the who would be pleased to see anything but harm, and was not Christian Church in that trou- every Christian killed. Dr. Coan needed for the future. Religious bled land, where Christian unity describes his call: teaching in the schools was re- and love are assailed by racial duced, then dropped. A phrase bitterness and fear. Jewish set- As soon as I had entered the room, he ordered the servants to leave and [648 ]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

told them to see that no one was in er. This teacher then settles public, who are willing to perthe yard, and that the gates were down to a long process of educalocked. Then he turned to me and tion-two years or more-when form some kind of national servsaid, "You have left the New World he instructs the entire village and come all the way here to make me and prepares them for church ice. -The Guardian. a Christian; save yourself the trou- membership. By the end of this ble:" I thought he was simply trying time, no one needs to leave his Syrian "Servants of the Cross" to turn me off. Then to my astonish- home environment, or feel that ment he said, "I am already a Chris- he is an outcaste. This organization, a missiontian." I asked how he came to it. He ary and social brotherhood of then told me a helper had given him In one diocese reported by Mr. the Syrian Church, established the Gospel of St. John and asked him Higdon they are uniting with in 1924, is asking for funds to to read it carefully and with open the church at the rate of 10,000 carryon work among the Demind; and when he reached the last a month; and in all India more pressed Classes in India. The chapter he was at the feet of Christ than 100,000 have accepted aboriginal races of the native as His slave. He could not resist so Christianity annually during the states of Cochin and Travancore, winsome a character. Had it been past three years. The changes South India, are poverty-strickknown in that fanatical Kurdish city, observed by the upper classes in en, ill-clad and uneducated. the man's own sons would have asked the lives of the outcastes turned They live in miserable huts and the governor to behead him and throw Christian has resulted in a sim- carry worship of devils to a his body to the dogs. ilar movement among the higher point of extreme superstition. castes. Under the auspices of the an- INDIA AND SIAM cient Orthodox Syrian Church Community Appreciation of St. Thomas, the Apostle of Unhampered by Politics India, the order is making a The Frances Newton Hospital sincere effort to improve these Dr. C. H. Rice, of Allahabad in Ferozepur has been serving unfortunate people. Christian College, says: women and children of this dis- trict for 44 years. Appreciation There are a dozen members of India just now is one of the centers for this service is manifest in the order. They have no propof the world where the movement for the recently added operating erty, practise celibacy, and repeace and justice is most unhampered unit at a cost of 6,000 rupees, ceive no salary. They obtain by the politics of national fear, hatred raised by members of the Canal, their daily bread from the place and greed. There are radicals who Railway, Civil, Policy and Mili- in which they work, sometimes shout, and leaders who would foment tary Departments, and the mem- from the parish church and class war, but never has India had so bers of the Indian Christian sometimes by rice collections many sons and daughters ready to communities. The medical de- and the hospitality of friends. spend themselves for the liberation of partment of the Punjab Governtheir brothers from ignorance and ment promised Rs. 2,000 toward -The Living Church. disease, poverty and social oppression. this project. The Rajah of Fa- Surely the Spirit of Christ is alive. ridkot gave Rs. 1,000, and the Gains in Assam . . . One day he will be recognized above groups collected Rs. 3,500. and loved and worshiped as now he is Part of the money was used to The Baptist Missionary Requoted and admired. improve a ward in the hospital view of India tells of a piece of for tubercular patients. frontier work that shows real Dr. and Mrs. Rice are co-au- missionary progress. In the Ao thors of the chapter on Indian -Monday Morning. and Sema Naga Hills there were Christian colleges in the current 1,218 baptisms last year, and year's mission study book. Bihar Literacy Drive the church membership in those two tribes has now reached No Need to Leave Home A mass literacy campaign in 19,316. Nearly 500 boys and Bihar Province is an idea con- girls are under Christian in- E. K. Higdon, writing in The ceived by the Minister of Educa- struction at the station school in Churchman, says that time was tion, who planned that students Impur, the largest Baptist school when Indian Christians were be induced to spend their holi- in Assam. A total of 115 Sunthe real "men without a coun- days in voluntary teaching of day schools report an enrolment try"; and that at the Jerusalem adults. There was an enthusias- of about 17,000. How many par- Conference there was a strain tic response. Since the govern- ishes in India or the United of sadness through all that the ment had no funds to combat States show equal advance? Indian delegates said, because illiteracy, the Minister of Edu- Christians in India had to tear cation issued this call: "Let us Practical Christianity in Siam themselves up by the roots, leave try to make up our lack of finantheir families, their villages, cial resources by the earnest de- Bangkok has a large Chinese their communities. sire of our youth for national immigrant population. During service." He regards this as a the Chinese New Year's season, Now, whole villages are be- sort of personal tax. It is hoped it is the custom of the Swatow coming Christian at one time. that this example will be fol- Church workers and officers to The leaders hold a meeting, dis- lowed by the rest of the general make calls in the homes of all of cuss the matter and decide they the members and friends of the are willing to leave Hinduism or church. All firms and shops Mohammedanism and become stop their work, and an excellent Christians. Then they put it up to the community. If the decision is favorable, the next step is to go to the Christian head of the district and ask for a teach-

opportunity is at hand to give and friendless-I was forcibly er songs. Then came the kin- Christian greetings. To one reminded of a man who stood up dergarten with its play songs. humble home, the home of a in one of my meetings at home The popular movement under widow with three small children, and asked whether the Chinese Jimmy Yen early developed folk went a missionary in this call- had not religions of their own songs and taught children I:),nd ing season. The home was just just as good! A fortune teller the peasants to sing. Now the one room, with no furniture ex- had told this old woman that she national defense movement is cept a few boards on trestles to would die in the eighth moon enlisting movie stars, actors, colmake a bed, a stool or two, clay this year and her coffin is al- lege men and women to lead the stove and two or three cooking ready prepared. When asked whole country into a chorus that pans. The widow makes her liv- where her soul would go, she may tend to drown the sobs of ing by going out to cut hair, and replied: 'I don't know.' " those who mourn. -The Christian Century. must leave her children at home Christian Message for There Are J oshuas Today alone during the day. The mis- Wounded sionary expressed concern about the children, and she replied: The Chinese high command Rev. William Vander Meer of the Reformed Church in Amer- "When I go I always ask my sent out a circular letter to ica, last July, like a Joshua spy- Christian hospitals and churches, ing out the land, walked 60 miles Heavenly Father to watch over asking them to cooperate in them." -Siam Outlook.

bringing the Christian message up the valley of the Kuling Riv- to the wounded. The five er in Fukien, looking for fields CHINA churches in Changteh sent two or and houses where refugees in Her Religion "Just as Good" more workers each day to write Amoy could be relocated. He found places for 3,000. In every A writer in China's Millions letters, have personal talks, and village visited he received the tells of visiting an old devotee hold services for small groups. The work developed until it hearty cooperation of officials. of Confucianism, who had lived Amoy, distant from the prinin a temple many years attend- called for a full-time worker. cipal war areas, has its own sep- All the churches cooperated in arate relief work. ing the idols. For all these years providing the salary for the she has abstained from meat, fat and eggs, in the hope of at- right man, who was found Rehabilitation of those who taining salvation; now she is 94 among the refugees. Church will go up the Kuling valley will years old, wizened, dulled, with- women are sewing and provid- require seed, food and tools, unout hope in her face. Christian ing small comforts for the til they can harvest their first women tried to tell her of the wounded men. crop of vegetables. Old temples -Monday Morning. are to be repaired and made into love of Jesus Christ and the homes. The diet in these camps peace that He alone can give. Turning to Song calls for canned meat. Around One of the women, Mrs. Su, has an old Christian mother 93 The crash of bombs and the Amoy there is no longer a taste years old. As Mrs. Su looked at cries of the mangled continue to for fish, the reason being that this other old woman, tears so many dead bodies have been came to her eyes as she said, be heard, but above it all is "Oh, myoId mother is a hun- heard the voice of song. The washed out to sea. dred times better off than this! Chinese people are learning to -Church Committee for sing in chorus as they have China Relief.

She has the peace of God in her never done before. A training Refugee Children heart." Then she sat down by institute in Hankow has been the old lady and patiently tried turning out song leaders. Col- A letter from a Presbyterian to tell her about the peace of lege and middle-school students mission school, now being used God which passeth all under- in south, central and west China as a temporary home for tefstanding. The poor old woman have been teaching group and ugee children, indicates the nalooked absolutely blank, and mass singing. Folk songs, patri- ture of some of the problems. said she was too old to do any- otic songs, workers' songs are When youngsters were brought thing now. They assured her stirring the people's enthusiasm. in from the bombed areas, the that she need not do anything, Dr. T. T. Lew gives credit for teachers expected to see them but trust in Christ. They taught the beginning of this movement rejoice over the chance to live in her a simple prayer-"Lord to the Christian Church. In a safety, where there were play- Jesus, save me, and forgive my recent discussion group of dele- grounds, trees, food. Not at all! sins," which she repeated many gates-elect to Madras he said, Many of them had been living times. "The introduction of group sing- by their wits, and had grown "As we sat there," says the ing by the Church of China has cunning and combative. Fights, missionary, "with the idols meant a great deal to the life of greed, the notion that the school around us, and thought of this China." He went on to describe was a jail, were things to be poor old woman giving her life how children used to sing hymns dealt with. But little by little to them and fasting from meat while at play, regardless of their cleanliness, play, food, hand- and eggs-now weak and old, theme, because they had no oth- work and scout drill produced a

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

very different set of children. JAPAN -OHOSEN at home whose ideas and motives I When their school home was cannot follow nor condone. To dechanged for a more permanent State Oontrol of Religions nounce war and its perpetrators is one under the Children's Relief not enough. I must find a substitute Association sponsored by Mad- The draft of a proposed new for war. ame Chiang Kai-shek, there law affecting religious organizawere real regrets on both sides. tions has been made public. This How Peace Will Oome is the fourth time during the -Monday Morning. past 40 years that a law control- World Outlook contains the ling religion has been proposed, following letter of a Japanese Honan Mission Jubilee and each time it has been de- Christian minister in war serv- feated in the Diet. Heretofore, ice: This year marks the jubilee of the attempt has failed because the Honan Mission of the United of an article in the constitution There are many American and Eng- Church of Canada. Some of guaranteeing freedom of reli- lish missionaries everywhere in China, those who went to China in 1888 gious belief to the individual. but Japanese soldiers are not perare alive and well, and look with The proposed new law avoids mitted to call on them or go to church troubled hearts on the China of the dilemma by limiting itself to without special permission. This is 1938. The first period in the his- the regulation of the public cere- because we are very nervous to stir tory of this Mission with the ar- monies and the doctrinal prop- up international problems. As you rival in China of Dr. and Mrs. agation of the various religious know, most of the soldiers are rough Jonathan Goforth, Dr. McGil- organizations, not the personal and uneducated, and do not know forlivray and others; this phase of faith of the individual. Under eign manners. the work ended when the Boxer the present emergency it is aluprising overran all North Chi- most certain to become law. The The other day I called on Mr. and na in 1900. Two years later Christian churches, along with Mrs. H., the missionaries here, with work began anew on a larger all other religious bodies, will the permission of my officer. We had scale, but with the outbreak of then operate under a permit a long talk. They welcomed me heartthe Great War in 1914, the sup- issued by the minister of educa- fully. There were a few Chinese ply of new missionaries was cut tion, will be amenable to govern- Christians present. I was greatly enoff, but at the end of the war, ment inspection, and will have couraged and comforted by a touch of the Forward Movement Fund both doctrine and worship prac- real Christian brotherhood. I am sure made reinforcement once again tices subject to official control. that peace will come only through possible. The modern develop- Conversely there will be certain Christianity. Because of this I feel a ment of the Mission began with tax exemptions and other priv- great sense of mission. I think you the construction of Weihwei and ileges that have not hitherto must have some friends in China. Changte Hospitals. been extended to Christianity. Please send me their names and ad- It is possible that there will be dresses. Every night there is shoot- Events of July, 1937, changed no particular inconvenience ex- ing, but my heart is quite peaceful bethe whole picture, but members perienced under the new regula- cause of my faith in the Cross. I read of the Mission have not lost tions, though the churches my Bible every morning, and am courage. All the staff are re- would prefer to be free from praying all the time. maining at their posts. such governmental control. J apan Selling Out in India -United Church Record. -Charles Iglehart. As an indication of Japan's Kashgar Mission Closed Kagawa Proposes Peace desperate situation, one of Eng- land's leading papers prints the The Swedish Mission in Kash- It is reported that Kagawa following: gar, Chinese Turkestan (Sin- has laid proposals for peace kiang Province) was attacked with China before the Japanese A correspondent who is managing and burned by the Moslem lead- premier-without result. In a director of a famous firm of merer Mamud Sidjan. Governor- letter to friends in the United chants in Bombay gives news of some , General Sheng suppressed the States, Kagawa writes: interest. His letter reads:-"A sig- Moslem rising in September, nificant thing is happening here with 1937, but the local authorities Truly no group of Christians can be the quite large Japanese business subsequently closed the hospital isolated. Just in the measure that the community. They are selling off all and printing office and scattered links that bind these groups are their house and office properties, upthe Christians. The British Con- forged in love and understanding and country cotton factories, cotton mills sul-General in Kashgar rendered sympathy, will the influence and pow- here. It may be in order to get money help to the Mission, but even- er of Christianity continue. Though with which to buy cotton. For months tually the situation deteriorated you hear of individual Christians now they haven't had the money with and most of the missionaries wooed and won by the growing spirit which to buy a bale. .. . . They are were compelled to return to of nationalism, do not despair. In all obviously getting into a terrible mess Sweden. Forty years of efficient lands and in all ages, there have been financially, with a million men in the and devoted service in one of testing times for Christians and not field in China and the whole country the hardest fields of China has all have stood the test. . . . My own run by the fanatical army leaders, thus been tragically interrupted. personal views are well known. I and no money with which to buy the would be a disciple of love to all peo- raw materials for their vast indus- -World Dominion Press. ple, and this must include even those tries. Their exports, from which they get their money, have in recent months dwindled to nothing, and they have little raw cotton left."

The Kobe Cloudburst Kobe has a population of about 790,000. The city lies crescent shaped between the hills and the Inland Sea. Last July, a cloud-

burst caused the hill streams to would be seated beside me. I tion was given as to baptism, rush down into the city, carry- saw at once that it was the man the preparation and motive for ing trees and debris into the who had murdered my father, it, and what it involved, the in- streets until some sections were and I had sworn to drink his quirers withdrew sadly, and no buried six feet under. About blood. But as I withdrew down more has been heard from them.

150,000 people were made home- the church, a voice seemed to less; electric and water supply say to me, 'By this shall all men "Insurrectos" Become was cut off. An old well, un- know that ye are my disciples, Methodists used for many years, in the if ye have love one to another'; Enthusiasm, progress and ma- and as I sat down near the door, turity marked the 1938 sessions yard of a Presbyterian mission- a Man upon a cross rose before my eyes, and I heard Him say, of the Methodist annual conferary's home served the neighbor- 'Father, forgive them, for they ences in the Philippines. For know not what they do.' Then I the first time, these met in sephood; and this furnished the returned, and we took the Lord's arate places, and both were hon- Supper together." ored by the presence of goveropportunity to hand out Chris- nors and other officials of the -The Presbyterian. provinces where they were held. tian literature to all who came for water. In this crisis, some Japanese Christians opened a vacation Bible School to take responsibility for the children, Looking toward indigenous lead- ership, plans were discussed for while the adults dug themselves Bible Circles of Five out. -Monday Morning. "Circles of Five" have become electing a Filipino bishop in popular in Java. They are 1940. ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC g.roups of five young people in Although the year under re- view was marked by a series of Bridge Builders in Papua the higher classes of elementary earthquakes, typhoons, floods and secondary schools, who meet and fire, statistics show a de- Mr. C. F. Rich has served cided gain both in self-support nearly forty years in Papua un- to study the Bible under one of and in membership. In less than der the L. M. S., and is still full their number as leader. Each forty years Methodism in· the of plans for that island's future. circle becomes a sort of union of Philippines has grown to a He writes: secrecy and fidelity of uncom- mon strength, marked by per- church of more than 90,000 Once it was said of a patriarch, staunch members. "He digged us a well." In hot, wet sonal devotion. They become Papua, there would be scant praise brethren. They meet each week, -Christian Advocate. for a well digger, but in years to and attendance is a sacr(;)d duty, come they may be saying of their missionary: "He builded us a bridge." not to be missed. Printed out- National Hospital Day Why? On one of the main roads a lines of Bible study are sent to dangerous creek had to be crossed, and all efforts to bridge it had come each circle and these are dis- The Philippine Commonto naught whenever floods came. cussed at its meetings. Coordi- wealth celebrates an annual Na- Then the missionary, with the help of nation is effected by a monthly tional Hospital Day, when all villagers and his old automobile, set gathering of the leaders, most the hospitals of Manila are open to work. The old car hauled tons of of whom are under twenty years to the public for inspection, and sand, timber and cement; the people carried tons of stone with which to old. are rated by a committee headed raise the road approach to the bridge level. In a little over seven weeks of The number five was chosen by the Director of Public Welhard labor, the bridge was ready for use. "Quite interesting," some will because in Java it is a sacred fare. For the third successive say, "but hardly a missionary's job." But the bridge will stand for many number. It is the number of year, St. Luke's Hospital has years, not only to ensure safe crossing, but as a visible emblem of a fingers on one hand, and ex- won the highest award among bridge of understanding over which the Papuan may pass from ignorance presses unity. Also, it was the hospitals having a capacity of and darkness into freedom and light. number of the prayer circle in f'100 beds, or more. In announc- -L. M. S. Chronicle. Antioch, from which the Holy ing this award, Dr. Aguilar Revenge or Love? Spirit selected and commissioned Director of Public Welfare de: A missionary to New Zealand tells of a Maori Christian who PauL-World Dominion Press. clared this to be a model 'hoshad taken a front seat at the communion service. Suddenly, Requirement ~oo Hard pital, above competition. What he was seen withdrawing to the rear, then he came forward and a contrast to the days of Spanresumed his original place. Asked afterwards why he had The Protestant Episcopal Mis- ish rule forty years ago! done so, he replied: "When I sion tells of a group of people at -The Churchman. entered, I had no idea who Baguio, P. I., who recently came NORTH AMERICA to the Church to ask how much would be the charge for baptiz- Is America Christian? ing a young Chinese who wished to marry a Christian girl. It There is a strange mixture of was explained to them that there paganism and Christianity in was no charge, but that baptism America. Not long ago at To- was not just a routine conven- awnadocc, eCeoloofrfaicdioa,lsthareraloncgaeldWwPitAh ience for those who wished to marry. When further informa- the leaders of the Utes (In-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

dians) for a three-day season of already formally approved, at that attempts at law enforcesports events and bear dancing least in principle,· the constitu- ment are futile unless the moral at Easter time, culminating on tion of the proposed World sentiment of the people is back Easter Sunday. Wishing to have Council of Churches drafted at of it. -United Presbyterian. Easter observed in a manner Utrecht, Holland, last May. more fitting its significance, They are the following: Presby- Fresh Approach to World James Russell, local pastor, re- terian Church in the U. S. A.; Needs quested the official in charge of Presbyterian Church (South), the government agencies to post- Congregational, Northern Bap- Two Methodist missionaries pone the sports event, and allow tist, United Lutheran, Evangel- from Burma, Dewitt and Edna the Easter meetings to assume a ical Lutheran Augustana Synod, Baldwin, have created the "Lisle more religious aspect. This he Evangelical and Reformed, Re- Fellowship," a six-weeks "rerefused to do. Whereupon, Mr. formed Church in America, thinking" conference at "Happy Russell explained to the chief United Presbyterian, Protestant Valley," Lisle, N. Y. Sixty coland tribal council of the Utes Episcopal, Disciples of Christ lege men and women, members that throughout the United and Methodist Episcopal. of ten different races or nations, States, and the world people re- representing 13 churches and 26 gard Easter as a holy day, and Missionary News from Wall colleges, have been devoting celebrate then the rising from Street themselves to the theme of the dead of the Lord Jesus "World – mindedness," consider- Christ, just as at Christmas time Perhaps Wall Street, the finan- ing the meaning of Christianity they commemorate His birthday. cial center of New York, would as a solution for the new world's The Indians listened attentively least likely be expected to fur- needs, and the kind of individand then they asked the local nish missionary news, yet read- ual a world citizen ought to be. head of the WPA to postpone ers of the daily Wall Street the sports events: but he still Journal saw this heading in a The educational methods of persisted on having his program recent issue: "One Thousand this group are worth watching. carried out at the time set. Bible Translations." The follow- Instead of telling young people ing is a quotation from the ar- what to think, there is offered a The Indian leaders then de- ticle: whole series of projects by vised this plan. They would tell which students may learn to their people not to go to the In its headquarters in London the think for themselves, and arrive sports field until after services British and Foreign Bible Society at their own conclusions. Inhad been held in the church now has copies of the Scriptures pub- cluded in this is training in field from 9 until 10: 30 a. m., and lished in whole or in part in 1,000 dif- work. Four days each week, they would stop their bear dance ferent languages. The last two trans- after a preliminary week of at 5 p. 'ill. so that their people lations were of native tribal tongues training, the students go out by could have supper and attend in the Belgian Congo of Africa, themselves, taking full responchurch service again at night. known as the Ngwana and Sakapa sibility for their personal and As a result more people than tribes. This Bible Society was group relations, to work togethusual attended the church serv- founded in 1804 when copies of the er through churches in towns ices, both morning and evening. Bible were available in only 72 lan- and villages covering a radius of guages. The number increased to 100 125 miles of Lisle-most of cen- Paganism among many of the in 1824, to 200 in 1871, to 300 in 1892, tral New York and north cen- 200 Indian tribes in the United to 400 in 1906, to 500 in 1917, to 600 tral Pennsylvania. Careful ar- States is as degraded as that in 1928, to 712 in 1936 and to 1,000 rangements are made by Mr. found in central Africa. Their in 1937. Baldwin with pastors in adreverence for material objects is vance, interchurch hospitality as bad, their medicine men are Evidently, the Wall Street being arranged wherever posno different from the evil witch- Journal considered this of as sible. -Christian Century. doctors of the dark continent, much news value as dividend and their gross superstitions are announcements. Twenty-four Hour Service depressing. Obstacles to their evangelization include, not only "League of Decency" The First Methodist Church the character of the people, their of Hollywood, Calif., is like the language and nomadic habits, Because the alarming increase fire department and some resbut most discouraging of all the of vice and crime is preventing taurants in that it functions fact that the United States Gov- law enforcement and undermin- twenty-four hours a day, 365 ernment is actually trying to ing the efforts at character build- days a year. This service is preserve old pagan Indian cus- ing, the California Church Coun- rendered in the spirit of Christ toms. cil has formed a "League of and does not end with distribut- Decency" to enlist the churches ing baskets in the holiday sea- Approve World Council of in battling against these evils. son. A few of the things done Churches Last year, juvenile delinquency may be mentioned: over the entire state increased Twelve Evangelical Commun- from 10 to 15 per cent. The The chairman of the commitions in the United States have state authorities are becoming tee was called to a home where more and more lax in their the husband and father was out efforts to control liquor and gambling, and it is recognized

of work, a child sick, and the the Hotel Commodore. In 1836, would not claim to have orig- mother, discouraged and de- they supplied the old Hotel Astor inated it. It was Jesus Christ spondent, had purchased chloro- and there are now 426 hotels on who first said it," and opening form which she was about to use the list of those being served. his Bible the missionary showed to commit suicide. The chloro- It is interesting to know that the verse to the young Mexican.

form was taken away and the many of the Bibles disappear, so After reading it through three child given medical aid. Eventu- that the question of replacement times he exclaimed: "How wonally, the father found: a job and comes up about every third year. derful if everyone knew and the family is now on the road to As to definite results from this used that rule !" economic security. -Monday Morning. work letters received indicate Other services have been: great help in many instances. wheel chair furnished, medicine Hotel managers report that they Porto Ricans Meet Their bought, utility bills paid, helped are often asked for a Bible, if pay rent, helped find new homes, Quota helped keep young people in high one is not found in the room. Cases have been substantiated Bishop Colmore of Porto Rico school and college, furnished where the reading of a hotel is now in the 25th year of his layettes, secured employment, Bible has been the means of re- episcopate. He fee~s that spiritmade funeral arrangements- straining a person from suicide. ual life on the Island is becomthe church paying for the grave, This custom of Bible distribu- ing deeper and more vigorous settling a disputed doctor's bill, tion is now so widespread, settling an insurance claim for a through the New York Bible So- each year; this is indicated in widow. ciety and the Gideons, that a part by the 1,078 baptisms in hotel is not considered properly that diocese last year. Bishop A few more statistics may furnished unless each room con- Colmore challenges the maingive an idea of the magnitude of tains a Bible. land of the United States to this work: 6,233 miles have show a record equal to this. The been driven by one member of Church at Metlakatla, Alaska number of communicants inthe committee in making 1,373 creased by 263 or four per cent visits; 173 different families The Indian Church at Metla- as against an increase of one have been helped in which there katla, near Ketchigan, Alaska, are 339 adults, 337 children; was founded by William Duncan per cent for the whole Church. 1,019 of these visits were for seventy years ago. Its first carrying supplies, 354 for inves- twenty years were directed by Porto Rican Christians, in tigation and counsel. A total of the Episcopal Church of British spite of their terrible poverty, $3,165 in cash has been used. Columbia. It is now under local take pride in giving their full control, and has twelve elders. quota year by year, and as much Its newly installed pastor is a more as possible. Besides, they Congregationalist from Minne- sent gifts last year for flood re- One Result of Home Missions sota. Funds from William Dun- lief, and have contributed to the China Emergency Fund. Here is an illustration of what may be accomplished by home -Spirit of Missions.

mission work. Thirty-five years can's estate support the church, It's Training That Counts ago, the Lafayette Avenue Pres- which is independent. Duncan byterian Church of Brooklyn "My understanding of the sent a young man, Harry S. established a sawmill and can- principles of justice probably Murdock, to Buckhorn, Ken- ning factory which pay the cost differs somewhat from yours, tucky, to preach to the backward because I was trained in a people there. After thirty-two of city administration, and sup- Presbyterian Sunday school," years of service he died, leaving ply water and electric light, so said a prominent Porto Rican an entire presbytery of 37 lawyer to a member of the cabchurches which had their origin that every home has electricity, inet. Here is the cabinet mem- and there are no taxes.

-Presbyterian Tribune.

under his ministry. There is LATIN AMERICA ber's reply: "If your underalso at Buckhorn a school of 400 standing of justice differs from pupils, an orphanage, hospital, If Everyone Obeyed the mine, it is because the teachers mission farm and various other Golden Rule! in the Presbyterian Sunday institutions. "By the way," said a young school where I was trained were In honor of this founder, Ken- better than those who taught federal employee to a mission- you." -Dr. Angel Archilla. tucky has named a new state ary in Mexico, "I have been told road Murdock Trail. that in the United States they "Applied Meditation" in Cuba have a beautiful motto-per- More Bibles for Hotels haps a law or decree-some- At the close of a religious Placing Bibles in hotels is a thing about doing for others conference in Cardenas, Cuba, practice of more than 100 years' what you would like them to do the young. people in attendance standing with the New York for you. Can you tell me what agreed that the most helpful fea- Bible Society. Just before this is?" To which the mission- tUre had been the hour of "ap- Easter new Bibles went for the ary replied: "The government plied meditation" in the mornfirst time into the 1,956 rooms of officials know about this law, but ing, when each sought a place

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

of prayer. It was here they said widow and several children liv- of a permanent Bible Room in they found their place in future ing in surroundings not fit for the British Museum. The exhi- Christian work. Opportunities animals, undertook to clean bition at Sion College includes were offered to enlist in the dif- things up. She got clothing and some of the most famous ediferent activities of the Church. shoes for the most needy, and tions ever published, one being took one of the children to pub- the "Great Bible," printed in Among their practical under- lic health clinic. "She's really 1539, partly in London and parttakings was the pUblication of a ill-take her to the hospital," ly in Paris. In 1540, it was reweekly paper to be financed by said the clinic doctor, but at the printed in London as "Cranthe young people themselves, hospital there was no room. mer's Bible," and contained a and promoted through the activ- Back she had to go to her miser- preface by that ill-fated archities of their societies. This able home while the liguena con- bishop. Copies of the four polyweekly will take the place of the sulted the Red Cross. "Send her glot Bibles are in the exhibit. supplement in the monthly mag- to our clinic," they said, but on azine, Herald Cristiano. clinic day the child was too ill The Bible Room at the Mu- to be moved. So the League seum is designed to show the -Monday Morning. woman, not to be daunted, is history of the Scriptures in Eng- herself giving what treatment lish from earliest times. Half Indians Seeking aNew and help she can, teaching the the exhibits are in manuscript Religion mother at least the rudiments of form. The middle English period sanitation, and living up to the is represented by psalters. Then A group of Indians – the League motto, "Saved to Serve." there is a series of Wycliffe edi- Aymaras-who live behind the tions, which were forbidden unmountains that divide Lake Titi- -Presbyterian News til the 16th century, when one caca from the fertile lowlands Service. copy, here shown, was presented of Bolivia's interior, sent a few to Queen Elizabeth. soldiers to the war between Bo- New "Y" in Buenos Aires livia and Paraguay over the The printed editions began Chaco. One of them came with The Y. M. C. A. of Buenos with the only surviving fraga tale of a new religion, which Aires realized a dream of many ment of Tyndale's New Testahe began to tell his neighbors. years when it opened its new, ment. Cromwell's injunction is He told them that these evangel- modern building last June. It is shown beside the "Great Bible." icals did not lie or steal, that strategically located in the heart A woodcut on the title page they did not drink, not even at of the city and greatly extends shows Henry VIII handing the feast times, that they did not the service of the "Y." About Bible to Cromwell and Archbisquarrel with each other, and 5,000 people visited the building hop Cranmer; while below, a that they were happy because on the opening day, and some crowd of people have streamers God loved them. 1,000 made use of the athletic issuing from their mouths bear- department the first day it was ing the legend: "God Saue the Evidently the story made a available. Public confidence in Kyng." great impression on the Indians the Association's work is eviin this village, for they soon be- denced by a government grant Quakers in Spain gan to try to live according to of $92,000, of which the first inthe principles of the story, and stallment has been paid. Local It was a year last August left off drinking and stealing donations of $60,000 more have since the first group under the from one another. They have been received. Non-partisan Child Feeding Misrecently asked that a teacher be sion of the American Friends' sent to them. They have no reli- The Buenos Aires organiza- Service Committee went to gious guidance of any kind. tion dates from 1902, and since Spain to work on both sides of then it has constantly main- the conflict. The work is spon- -Christian Advocate. tained an all-round program of sored by the Federal Council, youth development by which and other religious and social How Chilean Women Work more than 40,000 young men organizations. In all, nine Amer- have profited. Its budget is icans have gone: four Friends, Chilean Christian women have raised entirely by fees and local two Mennonites, two Brethren a Liga, or League for Service. contributions. and one Methodist. Absolute Besides the work they do as a commitment to the way of peace group-sewing and knitting for -Christian Century. and spiritual sensitiveness have the poor, visiting jails, houses been regarded as essential qualiof correction, orphanages, asy- EUROPE fications, in addition to special lums, hospitals and homes-they training and general ability. Two lose few chances for individual "First" Bibles on Display of the American representatives service. A liguena offered to have been social workers, three take into her own home the child The 100th anniversary of the missionaries, one a peace workof a very poor woman who was setting up of the English Bible er, one a youth leader, one a stuto go to the hospital. Another in parish churches is being cele- dent and one an accountant. At set out to prevent the marriage brated in London this year by present three workers are in of a girl of fourteen to a man an historic exhibition at Sion much older. Another, finding a College, and t~e establishment

loyalist Spain, two in nationalist is lessened for those who have maintain a keen religious life in territory, as compared with the not been in this organization. each of its members, it organizes original one worker on each side. Those already in office are for- pilgrimages in Yugoslavia and bidden to send their children to Palestine and also "retreats." The first great need was found church schools. Its members undertake to pray to be for milk. Four milk sta- every day and to read religious tions have been established, and The above mentioned visitor books. Many villages have been women come as far as six miles, to Austria quotes verbatim one transformed, new churches have bringing undernourished babies of the leaflets which is being cir- been built. When a lecture was to these depots, the only places culated in Austria containing given on the organization and in that part of Spain where milk "50 points" directed against objectives of the Pilgrims, the is obtainable. Workshops for Christianity. This leaflet is one speaker ended with the quesrefugee women and girls were of a number that were issued to tion: "Do you believe that started and a boys' workshop the girls' section of the Hitler Christ will vanquish all difficulproduces alpargatos, or rope- Youth: ties and overcome all his adversoled sandals. The women sup- saries?" Fifteen thousand anply bedding for hospitals under Christianity is a religion for slaves swered with one voice: "Yes, the care of Friends which are and fools. For example, it says, we believe that."-Advance. run by English nurses. "The last shall be first" and "Blessed are the poor in spirit." New Oppression in Russia -Christian Century. Christianity is equivalent to Com- According to a recent news Protestant Committee in munism. bulletin, instruction in atheism Belgium will be required in all schools of German culture was on a high level Soviet Russia, beginning with In accordance with a recom- before Christianity, and has been an- 1939. A pedagogical institute mendation made last year by the nihilated by it. for instruction in atheism is to Congo Protestant Council, a be established to prepare teach- Committee has been formed in There is no Christian culture. ers for their new duties. Belgium, known as the Comite Christianity was nowhere desired, Consultati/ des Missions Prot- but pushed itself in everywhere. Jaroslavsky, head of the Soestantes du Congo Belge. Re- Christianity has corrupted the Ger- ciety of the Godless, has declared garding this Committee, the mans, acquainting them with concep- that atheism in Russia is now in Council suggested: tions, such as theft and adultery, the last stage of its struggle which were previously unknown to against religion. The year 1942', That its purpose be to create and them. he says, will mark the jubilee of maintain contacts between the Evan- How did Christ die? Whimpering the Soviet Union and the great gelical Churches in Belgium and the on the Cross. And how did Planetta festival of the victory of athe- Protestant Mission work in Congo. (the assassin of Dollfuss) die? He ism. By 1967, after half a cen- cried out, "Heil Hitler! Long live tury of communism, he predicts That it guide by its counsel Chris- Germany." that the 230,000,000 population tian men and women from the various The Ten Commandments are the of Russia will be completely godchurches in Belgium who offer them- expression of the lowest human in- less. Churches and cathedrals selves for missionary service in Con- stincts. will then be only a casual rego. A good people does not need a membrance of an early period. Saviour; only a bad people. There is one important omission That it make the Protestant work Nero was quite right to persecute in the plan: God is not taken inin Congo more widely known in Bel- the Christians. to account. gium, especially by the press, and defend its cause when required. Some of the "50 points," the AFRICA correspondent notes, are too ob- The Committee will work in scene to print; yet these leaflets Fellowship in Egypt cooperation with the Congo are issued to boys and girls at Council, and three of the larg- the most impressionable age. One of the most remarkable est and most important Belgian services of modern times was Protestant groups have appoint- Yugoslavia's Pilgrims held this year in the Anglican ed representatives to serve on Cathedral in Cairo. The service the Commission. Those who like to claim they was planned by the "Fellowship are descendants of the Pilgrims of Unity," which draws into its -Congo Mission News. will be interested to know of a ranks the Greek, Armenian, Cop- new development in the Ortho- tic and other Eastern Churches, Nazi Influence in Austria dox Church of Yugoslavia called as well as the Presbyterians, the "Pilgrim's Movement," Anglicans, French Evangelicals, Nazi authorities in Austria which is increasing in effective- GeI1man Lutherans, Methodists gain their point in a roundabout ness. Its influence is felt among and the Church of Sweden. way. One who has recently re- the country people as well as turned from that country re- among the intelligentsia, and its Seven languages were emports that no Catholic is ap- monthly periodical has a circula- ployed in the service. The openpointed to important office, and tion of 35,000. The aim of the this is the procedure; no church Movement is to promote a life trained boy may belong to "Hit- that is truly Christian, on the ler Youth," and only "Hitler basis of the Gospel. Its first Youths" can hold office; the principle is that all propagation prospect for other employment of Christianity must begin with a transformation of personal life. In additio~ to seeking to

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ing part was corporate thanks- Jesus Christ. Quietly and unobtru- fact that so many countries, giving in which the Greek, Ar- sively His command to preach that widely separated geographicalmenian and Coptic Churches joined with the Anglican, Pres- Gospel is being carried out in Dji- ly, have combined to send 6,000,000 doses of vaccine to bouti, by word of mouth, by the wit- ness of changed lives, and by the byterian, French and German circulation of the written Word. Dis- China to check the spread of communities. Another feature tribution of portions of Scripture and cholera. Australia and Ceylon of the service was the uniting of phamphlets is carried on, and Bibles have each sent to the Chinese in English, French, Italian, Arabic, Health Administration 500,000 the choir of the Cathedral with Amharic and Gujerati have been the Greek, Armenian and Coptic given to all those really interested. doses, the American Red Cross -Life of Faith. 3,000,000 doses, the Pasteur Inchoirs. A climax was reached when in English Psalm CI was stitute at Hanoi 500,000 doses, sung. It was a fitting culmina- Africa Christian Missions Rumania 1,000,000 doses, Jugo- tion to this great act of praise in The Africa Christian Missions slavia 500,000 doses, and Turso many tongues, and the Cathe- is an independent Baptist mis- key 1,000,000 doses. Gifts of dral rang with the familiar sion operating in French West cholera vaccines have also been words. received from the Serum Insti- Africa, with its center in the tute at Copenhagen, the Egyp- -Baptist Missionary Re- capital of the Niger Colony, a tian Ministry of Health, and the view (India). cosmopolitan town of about Institute of Bacteriology at 20,000, including Europeans and Buenos Aires. Sona Bata Medical School natives from every section of West Africa. It is on the main It would seem reasonable for Government diplomas were caravan route across the desert, governments and people to unite given for the first time to grad- and Arabs from Morocco, Al- as readily to stamp out the evils uates of the American Baptist giers and Tunisia are thus of war and class hatred, with all Medical School at Sona Bata, brought into the sphere of the their attendant suffering. Belgian Congo at their first com- Mission's influence. mencement last March. Govern- -The Christian. ment officials took part in the The work is mainly among the exercises, and those present in- Djerma tribe, which numbers Per Capita Giving cluded other state representa- about 250,000 – all Moslems. tives, members of near-by Prot- Preaching services in other than There has been an increase of 79 cents in the average per capestant and Catholic Missions; the mission's own buildings are ita giving of the members of the also, the American consul and forbidden by the government; 25 leading Protestant denomina- accordingly, every opportunity tions of the United States and his wife. The five .graduates is seized for making contacts with individuals, and these con- Canada for the past statistical have all taken places of Chris- versations attract many of the year, according to figures pubtian medical service for their lished by the Philadelphia Eveown people. curious, who also hear the Gos- ning Bulletin. The 79 cents in- – Watchman-Examiner. pel. crease a person means an aver- In French Somaliland Market day provides another age gift of $13.25 and a total opportunity. The same method gift increase of $14,602,188, Informal meetings for edu- is used-the curious listening in though there was at the same cated young Arabs and Somalis, as the claims of Christ are pre- time a decline of 412,148 in the for discussion and comparison sented to a single person. Por- combined membership of these of the Bible and the Koran, are tions of the Scripture are dis- denominations. proving worth while in the pro- tributed to those who prove gram of the Bible Churchmen's their ability to read either Testaments for Jews Missionary Society at Djibouti, French, Arabic or the native French Somaliland. The num- tongue. Medical work is under- The Alliance Weekly reports bers vary according to the de- taken in a small way, each pa- the launching of a campaign for gree of Moslem hostility, but ten tient thereby providing another the prayerful distribution of a or twelve men of different na- opportunity for the presentation quarter of a million New Testationalities are regular attend- of the way of salvation through ments among Jews in various ants. Several of these have ac- Christ. A school is maintained lands. A special Testament is cepted Christ as Saviour. In in which the Bible is the text- being prepared, in which verses view of the bitter opposition cer- book. Classes in reading, writ- that signify the fulfilment of Old tain to be met, the question of ing and Bible memory work are Testament prophecies appear in open testimony is a difficult one. held for the natives, and there bold face type, thus showing the are classes in doctrine and evan- Jews that the New Testament Summing up the work of the gelism for the believers. is the completion and fulfilment past twelve months, the leader of Old Testament revelation, and of the movement says: International Cooperation that Jesus is the true Messiah, and the Saviour of both Jews Of spiritual achievement there can Those who despair of ever and Gentiles. A great volume be no computation. A large number seeing cooperation among na- of intercessory prayer is being of people-running into hundreds- tions may take courage from the sought. have been touched in one way or another by the Gospel of our Lord

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~========~==============~=====I~ The Household of Faith. By Arthur The biography is brief and to destroy or degrade men and Emerson Harris. 232 pp. $2.00. largely factual. The author, who women, body and soul. This has Fleming H. Revell Company, New also wrote the life of the late F. been clearly evidenced since the York,1938. B. Meyer, gathered this mate- days of Noah and the evil effects rial during the subject's lifetime of alcohol are very far reaching. Dr. Harris, a professor in and then died before the book Miss Reed's leaflet is full of in- Eastern Baptist Theological was published. He tells the story teresting and important facts Seminary, discusses the author- of boyhood struggles, of fruitful that speak powerfully against ity and trustworthiness of the service in four important pas- the evils of intoxicating drinks. Bible, the person and second torates, of soul-stirring religious The medical accuracy of the coming of Jesus, the message of work among the soldiers in the statements is vouched for by the Gospel, the Church as "the World War, of wide-reaching eminent physicians and the spir- Household of Faith," the wit- influence as a secretary of the itual truth is endorsed by promnessing duty and privilege of its Board of National Missions, and inent clergymen. Here is a sane members, immortality, the tran- of nation-wide travel as moder- and convincing study of a great scendent call of Christ, and re- ator of the Presbyterian Church, evil. Missionaries and pastors lated subjects. The treatment is U.S. A. who wish to warn and fortify in a popular style which sug- their people against intoxicants gests that most of them were Dr. McDowell was the author will find here a great storehouse originally sermons or chapel of several books and of many of facts gathered from scientific talks. The viewpoint is that of important papers but only two investigation and from sad exa firm conservative in theology of his messages-"A Challenge perience. So Roger W. Babson and Biblical interpretation. to Loyalty" and "The Basis for says: "We ought to work des- Some statements will probably a Better World"-are given in perately for prohibition of any be challenged by those who in- the two appendices. We ,wish evil, like intoxicating drink, that terpret the Bible differently; there might have been more of is destroying and degrading our but the author's spirit is irenic his messages on Bible truths, on youth." and not controversial. the Christian solution of social problems, and on mission work The Case Against Japan. By Charles ARTHUR J. BROWN. for Jews and Gentiles. The R. Shepherd. 242 pp. $2.50. Daniel chapter on "The Closing Years" Ryerson, Inc., New York, 1938. The Life of John McDowell. By A. was written by Dr. Charles J. Chester Mann. Illus. 12 Mo. 139 Turck, a fellow worker with Dr. If, as is commonly believed, pp. $1.50. The Westminster Press, McDowell in the Board of Chris- Japanese bureaus of informa- Philadelphia, 1938. tian Education. Those who read tion in America send to Tokyo these brief chapters will be in- copies of all publications here True stories of personal spired with new courage in the that deal with Japan, one may heroism and sacrificial service face of difficulties, and new safely assume that this volume have a strong appeal for read- loyalty to high Christian ideals will not be permitted to go outers of all ages. Here is a re- and methods in social and eco- side beyond the censor's office. markable record of a young boy nomic life. It is exactly what its title sugwho overcame serious handicaps gests, and is a tremendously and became an honored Chris- Alcohol-Its Physiological and Psy- strong "Case against Japan." tian leader in America, receiv- chological Effects and Their Social The author has had ample oping the highest honors his Consequences. By Mary Lewis Reed, portunity to ascertain the facts Church could confer. Boys will R. N. 15 cents each. $10.00 per since he was formerly professor be interested to learn how he be- thousand. Published by the Author. of history in Graves Theological came proficient in tennis-with 468 Fourth Ave., New York. 193-7. Seminary, Canton. He has travone arm; preachers will be in- eled extensively in China and terested in his victory over Christian missions are an or- was there in 1936 when the J apa stammering tongue; social ganized endeavor to save men anese landed a large force of workers will find much to learn and women by the power of the marines and personally witin McDowell's ideas and ideals Spirit of God. Alcohol, as a bevas to economics and social jus- erage, is the devil's choice tool tice.

Any of the books noted In these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[ 5581 nessed their depredations. He uously to raise the standard of carryon this work to an unusual rightly considers that the con- degree. This book shows how flict now being waged is not the musical appreciation and to add this has been accomplished. Dr. beginning but rather the cul- Chisholm has made an outstandmination of a long series of ag- reverence and beauty to the ing record as a physician and gressions. He therefore devotes has been elected a Fellow of the the first part of his volume to a ministry of sacred song. American College of Surgeons concise survey of the historical but his chief interest is not the antecedents of the present situa- In a book of this limited com- curing of men's bodies, importion. He recounts the Japanese tant as that work is, but the occupation of Korea and Man- pass the treatment of historical healing of their souls through churia, the notorious Twenty- the preaching of the Gospel of one Demands, the attack on material must necessarily be out- the Lord Jesus Christ. To a stu- Shanghai in 1932, and other dent of missions the book is of . events. Then he proceeds to de- lined, yet the selection has been interest in showing how a misscribe the "undeclared war" now sion hospital can and should be, in progress. He vividly pictures made with unusual skill and not only closely united with the the ruthlessness of the Japanese, evangelistic work of the whole their indiscriminate slaughter of there is a valuable bibliography mission station but should itself helpless civilians, their abuse of become a center of active evanwomen, and the baselessness of for those who wish to make gelism, and the means of foundthe specious reasons they ad- ing new churches in hitherto unvance to justify their course. It more extended study. In com- reached districts through the is a gruesome story, and frank- contacts made with the patients. ly ex parte, but it is buttressed mon with most intelligent stu- The book reveals anew the possiby uncontrovertible facts, and bilities in personal work, even in by citations from official docu- dents in this field Mrs. Adams the most difficult conditions and ments that are of historic rec- it will furnish another link in ord. The indignant protest of deplores the flood of superficial the long and well tested chain of the author sometimes verges on evidence to the supernatural life the declamatory, and he uses too and transient hymns which and power inherent in the Word many lurid adjectives, but it is of God. hard to be moderate and judicial have appeared in recent popular in writing about the crowning This vivid record of a physiatrocity of this generation. collections and calls attention to cian's experiences deserves a wide circulation among young ARTHUR J. BROWN. the unquestioned fact that only people. They will be attracted by the well told narratives and Studies in Hymnology. By Mrs. hymns which are rooted in the it should arouse new interest in Crosby Adams. 96 pp. $1.00. the cause of Christian missions. Cokesbury Press. Nashville, Tenn., Scripture have permanence and Seeing souls reclaimed through 1938. the Gospel are the rich rewards spiritual value. of a life given to the proclama- An important contribution to tion of Christ in the non-Christhe growing literature on hym- A variety of settings of the tian lands. nology is this highly informing volume by Mrs. Adams. While Twenty-third Psalm used by the T. STANLEY SOLTAU. prepared as a textbook for study classes, it should have a wider Church during the centuries are "By Faith"-Henry W. Frost and the mission in broadening musical China Inland Mission. Dr. and intelligence among all Christian a striking feature of the book Mrs. Howard Taylor. Illus. 8 vo. groups. Pastors, choir leaders, 364 pp. $1.25. China Inland Mischurch officers and all who have and well illustrate the eternal sion. Philadelphia, Pa. 1938. to do with the service of worship will find here a wealth of vitality of the earliest manual of "There were grants in those valuable material-in fact, an in- days" when the China Inland troduction to Christian hymnol- praise. HUGH R. MONRO. Mission was born. Here is the ogy. The spiritual discernment story of fifty years of work of and sympathy with which Mrs. Vivid Experiences in Korea. By Dr. the Mission in North America, Adams deals with the great mu- W. Chisholm. IIlus. 146 pp. and of Henry W. Frost, for most sical heritage of the Church is $1.00. Bible Institute Colportage of that time the efficient Home the reflection of a lifetime of Assn., Chicago. 1938. Director for North America. It rich musical and cultural asso- is a remarkable, intimate story, ciations as author, composer, For fifteen years Dr. Chisholm well told, showing the rewards teacher and lecturer. She has has been a member of the Chosen of faith and courage, the labors won a high place in that devoted Mission of the Presbyterian of love and the reality of God's group who have labored assid- Church in the U. S. A. He has guidance and power. Much of been living in Syenchun, North this story is gathered from Dr. Chosen, where the work has seen such a remarkable development. The book is both a strong apolo- getic for medical missions and a splendid spiritual tonic as well.

Dr. Chisholm has written in a graphic conversational style which is easy reading and gives the reader many interesting glimpses of Korean country life, as well as some of the joys and discomforts which are the lot of any missionary engaged in coun- try itineration. The suggestive portrayals of various phases of native life and of Christian ac- tivities.

One of the outstanding fea- tures of the work of the Presby- terian Mission in Korea has been the emphasis placed upon per- sonal evangelism as the duty of every missionary and of every native Christian. All mission institutions, including hospitals and schools, have been used to

Frost's autobiographical notes, made by non-Catholics) that aids of coercion and punishment. letters and other records. . . . Far better is it to defend "the Protestants were as bad," the truth by loving, exploring, Henry W. Frost was born in declaring and obeying it, than Detroit, Michigan, of godly par- the writer demonstrates that by rousing against it, through ents; was graduated from the imposition of restraint, the Princeton; went into business persecution of Catholics by Prot- enmity of the rebel and the still and politics and then into work more subtle enmity of the cowfor God and the China Inland estants differed at vital points ard and the hypocrite." Mission. Here is a story of God's dealings. with the Mission from persecution the other way KENNETH J. FOREMAN. and the man; of the lessons he learned; of his growing faith about. Not only was persecu- Out of the East. India's Search for and courage and the fruitage in God. By Wm. A. Stanton. Illus. the work. It is a spiritual his- tion (where it existed) by Prot- 192 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell tory and is rich in spiritual les- Co. New York. 1938. sons to Mission Boards, to estants less severe than by churches and to individuals. Dr. With a knowledge of the In- Frost, and his wife as well, are Catholics, but it was evoked by dian people developed through shown in their quiet gentleness; forty years of missionary servtheir loving, sacrificial service, Catholic aggression, prompted ice in South India, a clear mind, their humble faith, and cheerful a warm heart and a graphic pen, obedience. The growth of the by Catholic example, was will- Dr. Stanton describes India's China Inland Mission has been search for God as he has witremarkable. Its record is in- ingly discontinued, and on prin- nessed it. The author and his spiring. There are rewarding wife went out under the Ameriglimpses of such men as J. Hud- ciple cannot be renewed. As to can Baptist Board in 1892 and son Taylor, D. L. Moody, Wm. J. settled among the Telugus where Erdman, and others. Those who past and present the evidence is there has been such a remarkread this history will find their able response to the Christian faith strengthened, their ideals irresistible. As to the future message. of service elevated, and their spiritual life stimulated. policies and probabilities, all as- Dr. Stanton sees the dire need of India for Christ and he notes Roman Catholicism and Freedom. sertions must naturally be a signs of the religious hunger of By Cecil John Cadoux, M.A.Oxon., the Hindus. He has seen the Hon. D. D. Edin, Professor of matter of opinion; but where great Christward movement of Church History at Mansfield Col- the Untouchables and its influ- lege, Oxford University. Third this is based solidly on the anal- ence on the Sudras. He is con- Edition with additional notes. 201 vinced of the fact that the only pages. 5 shillings net. Independ- ogy of past and present experi- abiding and transforming re- ent Press. London. sults in mission work come ence, and the likelihood that through the work of the spirit This is a book you will seldom of God. see advertised and very seldom basic principles will not be abanreviewed, for reasons which the After a general description of author himself points out. It is doned, the argument is sound. India and its modern progress, a frank warning against the Ro- Dr. Stanton gives the evidence man Catholic Church, not by And such a base this argument of India's search for God as seen some fanatical irresponsible in their Hindu sacred books and pamphleteer but by a professor has. Dr. Cadoux makes a strong in their religious worship. He of Church history in one of the tells of the awakening of the world's greatest universities. He case, virtually incontestable. His outcastes and among caste peogives a factual record of the Ro- ples, of the rescue of Indian man Catholic Church's deliber- thesis is that since Rome's the- womanhood and of the upheaval ate and official opinion, during in Bengal. Then he very effecthe nineteenth century, on the ory of infallibility and of the tively tells the stories of some subject of persecution; together Christian converts from Hinduwith the evidence of actual perse- right to persecute remain the ism-Dr. K. C. Banurji, Naracution practiced by that Church yan Vaman Tilak, Pandita Rain areas as widely scattered as same (except that the death pen- mabai and Sadhu Sundar Singh. Malta, Ireland and Madagascar. Here is an excellent book for No medireval bogies are resur- alty may not again be invoked), reading circles and for mission rected; the illustrations are con- study classes. temporary. Catholic propagan- wherever Rome gains power she da is likewise described, in many The difference of race contributes forms. Against the retort (often will again attempt to crush out to the richness of the world. There is no ground for assigning intrinsic all other forms of religious faith. superiority of one race over another. -Sir Walter Moberly, London. Notes bringthis third edition up to date, answering some of the criticisms leveled at earlier edi- tions,and paying attention to the relation of the Roman Church to events in Spain and Abyssinia.

While the writer's special inter- est is naturally in Great Britain, and although the Catholic popu- lation of the United States is still a minority, the warning is not less important for us. If the entire case is as mildly put as in the points where the writer crosses the reviewer's knowl- edge, the book is certainly an un- derstatement rather than an exaggeration. The basic and es- sential point however is not a matter of individual incidents but of fundamental principles.

The difference between Catholic and Protestant here is well ex- pressed (p. 123).: "If Catholics have in their dogmas the faith they profess, they ought to be willing to trust to the power of their truth to cthoenveinxcteranmeoeun~ without needing

Reed Honored The Printed Page is a

The name of Mary Reed of that never tires, never flinches, never grows disheartened. Chandag Heights, India, is high- It travels cheaply and works while others sleep. ly hOlored, especially among friends of the lepers. She will The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems be 84 years of age on December 4th, and her birthday will be cooperating with the Nile Mission Press and interdenominawidely celebrated. From many tional Committees on the field is subsidizing the production of lands messages of love and ap- Christian literature for many lands and in several languages. preciation for her fifty-five years of missionary service will come Will you help to meet the challenge of increasing opportunities to to this white-haired heroine who send the Gospel in print to Turkey, Egypt, Arabia, India, Iran? learned forty-eight years ago tliat she had contracted leprosy REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.O., President while serving as a missionary of MRS. WILLIAM BANCROFT HILL, Honorary Vice President the Methodist Episcopal Church. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, First Vice President Instead of bewailing her lot, REV. THOMAS S. DONOHUGH, Second Vice President Miss Reed returned to India to REV. JAMES CANTINE, D.O., Cor. Secretary serve the lepers. God answered MRS. JAMES M. MONTGOMERY, Treasurer her prayer and the disease was arrested so that she has been Make checks payable to the American Christian Literature Soable to spend nearly a half cen- ciety for Moslems, and send them to the Treasurer, Room 1019, tury in this service-and with- 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. out a furlough. In America there will be celebrations of the anni- lB. Lesson Books, Scholar's Read- Dannie and the Alabaster Box. Conversary at Lowell and other ing Book, 2d., Scholar's Questions, stance Savery. 62 pp. 9d. Picker- Ohio towns associated with Miss 1d. S. P. G. London. ing & Inglis. London. Reed. A commemorative tablet is to be placed on the site of her Everyday Life in India. Two Outline For This Cause. Inabelle Graves birthplace and home at Lowell. Friezes. 18. S. P. G. London. Coleman. 199 pp. Pamphlet. 25 A dramatization of episodes in cents. Boardman Press. Nashville. Miss Reed's life has been pre- Let Us Build. P. E. Burroughs. 154 pared by Miss Lulu Irwin, Mid- pp. 60 cents. Broadman Press. Gateway to Tibet. Robert E. Ekvall, west secretary of the American Nashville. F.R.G.S. 198 pp. Christian Publi- Mission to Lepers. Ganga Ram, cations. Harrisburg, Pa. one of Miss Reed's India boys, Himself. The Autobiography of a writes: "Miss Reed educated me Hindu Lady. From a Classic in Joe Lives in the City. Jeanette Perand taught me to trust and know Marathi. By Ramabai Ranade. kins Brown. 36 pp. 25 cents. IlIus. God, the Father of us all. My Translated by Katherine Van Akin Friendship Press. New York. daily life speaks of her good Gates. 252 pp. $2.00. Longmans, teaching and glorifies the name Green & Co. New York. Report of the Keswick Convention. of our Saviour." 1938. 308 pp. 28. 6d. paper, 48. Annual Report of the China Inland boards. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- New Books Mission. 1938. Edited by L. T. don. Lyall. 110 pp. C. I. M. Phila- Calendars-Young Folks Calendar; delphia. ' The Meaning of Moody. P. Whitwell Grace and Truth; Daily Manna; Wilson. 157 pp. $1.50. Revell. 18 ea.; Golden Grain Daily Medi- The Christ. A. Wendell Ross. A Ne,! York. 'tation, lB. 6d.; Golden Terx;t, lB. 3d. Harmonized Study of the Gospel Daily Light Almanac, 13hd.; Our Records. 222 pp. $2.00. Fleming No Speedier Way. Golden Jubilee of Home Almanac, 1d.; The Bible H. Revell Co. New York. the Christian Literature Society of Almanac, 2d. Pickering & Inglis. China, 1887-1937. 144 pp. $1.20. London. AdvlE'ntures of Service. Stories of Christian Literature Soc. Shanghai. modern Pioneers. D. M. Gill and The Directory of World Missions. A. M. Pullen. 127 pp. $1.00 cloth, Out of the East. India's Search for Edited by Joseph I. Parker. 255 pp. 50 cents paper. Friendship Press. God. William A. Stanton. 192 pp. $2.00. International Missionary! New York. $1.50. Revell. New York. Council. London and New York. Blue Skies. Louise Harrison McCraw. The Presbyterians. The Story of a Indian Uplands. Some Stories of the 262 pp. $1.00. Zondervan Pub. Staunch and Sturdy People. Wil- Church in Chota Nagpur. Edward House. Grand Rapids.' liam Thompson Hansche. 194 pp. H. Whitley. 67 pp. S. P. G. Lon- $1.25. Westminster Press. Phila. don. Bird 'Voices, ,sonnets, Battle-Dore. William Bacon Evans. 68 pp. 25 A Sari for Sita. Nina Millen. 36 pp. Indian Brothers. Story Lessons for cents. Friends Book Store. Phila. 25 cents. IlIus. Friendship Press. Little Children. Dorothy Meadows. New York. 31 pp. S. P. G. London. "By Faith"-Henry W. Frost and the China Inland – Mission. 364 pp. Tales from Many Lands. Stories for Conquest of the Jungle. Stories of $1.25. China Inland Mission. Phila. Juniors. IlIus. 127 pp. 50 cents. the Kingdom of God in Chota Morehouse-Gorham. New York. Nagpur. Dorothy Harris. 70 pp. A History of the Expansion of Chris- tianity. Vol. II. Kenneth Scott Tales from India. Basil Mathews. Latourette. 492 pp. $6.00. Har- 96 pp. 50 cents paper, $1.00 cloth. per & Bros. New York. IlIus. Friendship Press. New York.

~ ~bri~tma~ ~ift ~uggt~tfon

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The Missionary Review of the World — January 1926

JANUARY, 1926

JANUARy……A Month of Special Values Send for Catalogue T HIS CATALOGUE brings McCutcheon's store to you wher- ever you may live. Good illustrations, concise descriptions and clearly marked prices make it easy to shop from the January Catalog. Damask Table Linens, Fancy Linens, Blankets and Comfortables, Bed Linens, Curtains and D raperies are shown at reduced prices. You "'(ill also find excellent values in Hosiery, Blouses, Dress Fabrics, Corsets, Lingerie, Children's and Juniors' Wear and in Maids' and Nurses' Uniforms.

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llR. CAROL. OUR MISSIONARY AT ELLIS Write to- I SL A,ND. W ITH A SLOVAK MAN AND . A CROTIAN WOMAN W. J. Elliott. Treasurer. Board of Home Mis- sions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episco- pal Chwch. 170 I Arch ::itreet. Philadelphia. P•.• or Morria W. Ebnea, Treasurer. Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 Filth Avenue. New 'tork. N . 'to Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to jldvertisers. THE 'MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Edllor CONTENTS FOR JANUARY, 1926 Page FRONTISPIECE …. A CHRISTIAN ELDEIl. AND HIS FAMILY AT HOME IN NORTH SIAM EDITORIALS ………………………………………………….•.•… 5 THE REOIPE FOR A HAppy NEW YEAR FAITH, FAITHS AND No FAITH TURKEY, RELIGION AND THE MISSIONARIES Two VEn'ERAN MISSIONARIES TO INDIA OUR NEW FRoNTIERS DONALD FRASER OF NYASALAND CHRISTIANITY AT HOME AND ABROAD ……•. HELEN BARREn'T MONTGOMER.Y 17 A striking contrast between the Christian forces and resources in the United States and those in Japan, China and India.

A JAPANESE TRIBUTE TO OHRIS·TIANITY …………… JurORI SHlMOMURA 20 A rema<rkaqle testimo1l1J from a representat'iv(!" of the ])epart·ment of Education. in Japoo as to the va!ue of Christianity and the work of Christian. missions.

CHRISTIAN MOVEMENTS IN THE NON·CHRISTIAN WORLD .. SHERWooD EDUY 21 A genera! survey of signs of progress in Asia as seen by one who has made many journeys around the world.

'rREATING IMMIGRANTS AS BROTHERS . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COE HAYNE 25 A description of the humanizing and Christianizing work carried on in Ellis Island by the representatives of the Government and of the Christian churches of America.

PARABLES OF LIFE IN CHRIST ………………..•… SADHU SUNDAR SINGH 31 Striking i!!ustrations from nature and life to illustmte the power of Christ in human life.

MAHATMA GANDHI'S ADDRESS TO MISSIONARIES………………….. 34 A recent address delivered by the well-known Indian leader at a meeting of the National Christian CouncU of India, together with the for"ible reply of the Chairman.

A BANKER'S VERDICT ON CHRIST'IAN MISSIONS . . . . . . . . . . F. W. STEVENS 39 Some cOfIClusions reached by a New York busmess man, never before interested in missions, as a result of his first-hand contacts and investigations in China.

LIFE OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN NORTH SIAM …… HAZEL. E. HANNA 41 Intimate view~ of the life of women and ohildren of the Laos, deslYl"ibing their customs, trawing and characteristics, written by one who has lived and worked among them.

BEST METHODS OF SPECIFIC GIVING ………. EmTED BY Mas. E. C. CRoNK 47 WOMAN'S HOME AND FOR,EIGN'MISSION BULLETINS ..•……….••….• 55 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS •….•••..•..•……..•.•………….•…….. 61 'rHE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ………………………………………… 77 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of nve.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. PLlblished monthly. CDpyrighted, 19216, by MrSSIONA,ltY REv!KW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

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Robert E. Speer, PresIdent WllIlam I. Chamberlain, Vice-President Dela.van L. Pierson, secretary Walter McDouga.ll, Trea.surer Publ1cation omc., 3d &. Reily St•., Harrisburg, Editorial and Business Omee. 156 Firth Avenue. Pa. 260. a copy $2.60 a year New York City Elntared &B second-cla.ss matter at the Post omce. Harrisburg, Pa.• under Act ot March 3. 18'71) PERSONALS YOUR Children DR. J OII,N R. MOTT, General Secretary of What Are They Studying at the International Y. M. C. A. and Chairman ,sU N DA Y-SCHOOL? of the Intel'llational Missionary Council, has left, with Mrs. Mott, on a Pacific Basin tour Are they learning that during which they expect to travel about the Bible is the Word of 45,000 miles. They plan to visit Japan, God, and a trustworthy Korea, China, the Philippines, SUlnatra, guide to eternal life? Are Java, Australia, New Zealand and Hawaii, they being taught that arriving home on June 4, 192'6. I €Sus Christ is the Son of God. and the Saviour of •** the World? Or are their minds being filled with REV. ROCKWELL lliRMON PO'l'Tl'l&, D.D., of the doubts and denials of Hartford, Conn., has been elected President Evolution and Modernof the American Board of Commissioners ism? for Foreign Missions to succeed Dr. E. C. Moore. The new vice·president is Dr. Ken· YON feoclzers OM po,- yon L. Butterfield, formerly of Amherst, hut nOW President of the Michigan Agricultural ents ought to know. Our School. Sunday School publica- tions, written for all de- nominations, are true to tbe Word of God.

EON. YEN Hm C:H'ING, the newly-ap- The "Full Gospel" Line of International Lessons pointed ambassador of China in Great Brit- ain, is the son of a Protestant Episcopal TEACHERS' QUARTERLY An absolutely new publication, prepared with rna exclergyman and was graduated from St. pense spared to make it the very best handbook for John's College, Shanghai, and Yale Univer- Sunday School teachers available. There are five dis- tinct departments. sity. • REv. RoBEB.T LAws, M.D., for fifty years a y~~~~ i!~~~!:;;'~e~1,~I~e~~!J Bib]~ Study missionary of the United Free Church of classes.. Topics are selected, and expositions furnished to cover every phase of Christian experience. ' Scotland in Livingstonia, Africa, has been decorated by KOng George, a Commander of SENIOR QUARTERLY the Order of St. Michael and St. George. Specia 1features are: Lesson Subject, Lesson Text, Lesson in Brief, Lesson Outline~ Lesson Exposition, Lesson Questions, Home Readings, Practical Points.

* INTERMEDIATE QUARTERLY Meets the needs of young people between the~!!S.of BISHOP lL ST. GEORGlll TUOKER, of the Protestant Episcopal diocese of Kyoto, has l:;':~es~~m~lit~~~c;~()~~~blication, with ~al found it necessary, on account of his wife's JUNIOR QUARTERLY health, to give up his work in Japan. te:~~J~~:r~~~~~r It~U~:fa~pl~~~~re~hS~:u~! *** Reading, Memory Passage. Questions, The Lesson Story, Illustra.tions and an Introduction. REv. G. CAMPBELL MORGAN, D.D., enters, on January 1st, on a six months' service a. H~l)'It~e'l~:'!!~~~~Ien?~~n,~'yQuarlerly, special preacher, in the First Presbyterian adapted for home use.

Clmrel1 of Columbus, Ohio. THE ALLIANCE WEEKLY For-adult classes, The Alliance Weekly is an excep- ** tionally' fine Sunday School paper. In addition to 8 REV. SIMEON CoRNELIUS, one of the lead- Lesson };xposition in ea.ch issue, there is an abundance ing Indian preachers in the Arcot Mission, of Bible study material. sermons and missionary South India, is making a tour of the articles.

el1urel1es of the Reformed Ohurch in Amer- THE YOUTH'S COUNSELLOR iea. th~iBilifei~n~u~~I~~~r:Pt~f ::~v e:s:;:~ln~~~: and entertaining. Clean, spiritual stories; live mis- *** helpful Sunday School notes, and in· s ·es. MIss CHENG YOA Hsm, the first Chinese woman to receive the degree of Doctor of J BOYS AND CIRLS r~1 A lively, interesting paper ~ys and girls between Laws from the University of Paris has been 'the ages of ten and fourteen. Bristle~ with Bible stories, appointed a member of the newly-established incidents and applications. lJiusl,aIed.

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JOY BELLS OBITUARY Delights the little primary people. The pictures and simple stories are fine. Issued weekly. REV. CHAUNCY GooDltlCR, D.D., who had just compl~ed sixty years of missionary Picture Lesson Cards service ~.()IUna 'under the American Board, passed to his reward on September 28th at Picture Lesson Rolls the age of ninety. He labored twenty-nine years to complete a mandarin version of the Lesson Leaflets Bible. Write for Free Samples and Price MaS. EUGENE P. DUNLAP, a missionary of Lists of Sunday School Supplies the American Presbyterian Church in Siam for fifty years, entered into rest at Ken- Send/or Our Catalog sington, Pa., on December 1st. The Christian Alliance Publishing Colnpany Boob Bibles Tract. Mottoes Sunday School Supplies 260 We.t 44th Street NEW YORK, N. Y.

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XLIX ONE THE RE'CIPE FOR A HAPPY NEW YEAR T HE NEW YEAR opens with countless new possibilities-for goo~ or for evil. 'fhe past year opened with similar promises and forebodings, some of which have been fulfilled. The disturbances in China, in India, in Egypt and Turkey, in the Balkans, in Russia and America, have been counterbalanced by hopeful signs of progress shown at the 'Vashington Convention, in the Conference on Latin America held at Montevideo, in the agreement to promote European peace reached at Locarno, and in the religious awakenings in various parts of the world.

But past achievements do not give sufficient ground for confidence. The continued unrest in social, industrial and national affairs, the prevalence of crime and immorality, the growing indifference to the laws of God and of man, and the selfishness exhibited by all classes, all these tendencies increase the conviction that a new year is not of any great value unless men and women have a new heart-a new purpose and a new power that come from a new and vital relationship to God. The turning over of a new page will not change a man '8 program. The coming of a new general into power in China will not insure national peace. 'fhe election of a new National Council in India will not give prosperity to the people. The enactment of new laws in Turkey will not establish justice and brotherhood. The signing of new treaties in E:urope will not obliterate suspicion and strife. Something more is needed to put an end to international jealousies, to bring industrial justice, to put down crime and to raise standards of morality and brotherly love.

A NEW YEAJl.! What might it mean if it were marked by new faith'in God, new loyalty to Christ, new love for man, new obedience to the Great Commission to teach and to live Christ among all peoples and in all circumstances. It is a new heart-" a new creation"-that is needed so that "old things will pass away" and "all things will become new." A new year of life and hope and power 5

may begin at any time when men and women surrender to the control of Jesus Christ and begin to live His life among men. This and this alone assures a Happy New Year.

OUR NEW FRONTIERS ..n..tMERICA has ,frontiers of superstition, ignorance, and prejudice. In our cities are solid national colonies differing in no way from areas in Italy, Poland, Greece, Russia and other countries. The language, customs and habits are foreign. There are rural areas where counties are solidly foreign and where the language of the schools is foreign.

Near many cities and towns foreign people are buying cheap land along electric lines and in areas with good roads on which with bicycles, motorcycles, cars, electrics, they go to their work and return. Shortened hours of work allow such men to clear their land, build fences, plant gardens and care for cows and poultry and still by rapid conveyance avoid loss of time. In their cheap, second-hand cars they carry their eggs, milk and vegetables to market and by barter and sale they make ends more than meet and become savers.

To reach these foreign groups permanently, with sure and spiritual results, calls for methods and wisdom of a type not generally shown by churches and their spiritual leaders. And yet non-Christian forces are making their influences felt among these foreigners in the cities, towns and in the open country. Propaganda of dangerous ideas is widespread and these foreign groups are the fertile soil for teachings that are subversive not only of our civilization, 'but of faith in God and in the Way of Life revealed through Jesus Christ.

c. L. w.

TURKEY, RELIGION AND THE MISSIONARIES T URKEY was once the stronghold of Mohammedanism. The Sultan was the Caliph, the acknowledged head of all Islam, which was the state religion. Education was vitally related to the mosque and the Sheikh-ul Islam was appointed by the Sultan. The laws of Mohammed were the laws of the land. Turkey was as truly a Moslem Empire as Italy was a Catholic Empire when the Pope's temporal sway was acknowledged over all the land.

What a change has come over Turkey! Not only has the Sultan been expelled and the caliphate abolished, but the Republic has been made a secular state, with nominal religious liberty. Government and religion have been separated by decree of the State; the office of Sheikh-ul-Islam been abolished so that Islam is not directly represented on the National Council; the mosques are under the Commissioner of Public Instruction and the teaching of religion in public and private schools is forbidden.

EDITORIAL OOM;MEiNTS

In the Turkish schools, this last regulation has not yet been fully enforced. In Christian schools, Moslem students are not allowed by the law to attend chapel exercises or Bible classes. The management of some of these schools has taken the position officially with the Government that they cannot be expected to act as police and drive out any Moslem students who may wish to attend voluntarily. Some actually do attend from choice. In schools where there are Ohristian students, chapel exercises and Bible classes for such are permitted; but the effort is being made to have such classes held outside the regular program of the school. ",Vhere only Moslem students attend, no general chapel exercise or Bible class is permitted.

On the other hand the Turkish University in Constantinople has a course on religion, with a regular Hodja (Moslem religious teacher) in charge. The Government has also made provision for separate religious schools elsewhere through the country, showing that they are not opposed to the teaching of Islam in public and in private, as has been said. Many of the leaders of the present administration are, however, men with no belief in any religion, and deeply religious Moslems accuse the whole Government of being atheistic and antireligious. This accusation is probably too sweeping, but Islam has not now the hold on the Government of Moustafa Kemal Pasha that it used to have.

Agnosticism and even atheism have made great strides among the Turks since the failure of the call to the Jihad, or holy war in 1914. Nevertheless the vast majority of the common people are still deeply religious; and if Turkey is really a republic ruled by the people, there is likely to be a reaction against the growing atheism.

The present situation forms a testing time for Christian missionaries. While the Government has not put an absolute ban on missionary teaching or the preaching of Christianity to Turks, such work can only be done individually and privately, not in schools or churches. The Government contends that in America and in France the schools are completely secularized, so that the same should be true in Turkey. According to law, everyone is free to profess whatever religion he chooses so that Turks may become Christians. In that case, however, they must face opposition, bitter persecution and possibly death at the hands of their families and friends. While the Government does not punish them for professing Christianity, it may accuse them of disloyalty and try to convict them of treason on other grounds. A Turk is not usually persecuted or punished for attending a Christian service; and in spite of the fact that mission schools are known as Christian institutions, Turks not only enroll in them in increasing numbers, but the Government itself places children in mission schools.

As a result of the present governmental restrictions, emphasis must now be oil personal work with individuals. "For this there is

everywhere abundant opportunity," writes a. missionary in Turkey. Most interesting reports come from the Missions, telling of individ- uals seeking private interviews, and delighting in the systematic study of the Bible with missionaries. Several Moslems have already professed their faith in Jesus Ohrist as their personal Saviour. While the number of Turks baptized since the war is small, a large number are genuinely and deeply stirred, and are learning what it means to be a Ohristian. Women missionaries find cordial reception in Turkish homes, and are frequently asked to read and explain the Bible there. There has been no instance thus far of any missionary being obliged to leave the country because of such personal work. Formerly most of the mission work was among Ohristian sects but today practically the only place in Turkey where such work is being carried on is in Oonstantinople. Missionaries work among Turks, with the permission of the Government, in Brousa, Merzifoun, Omsarea, Talas, Smyrna, Tarsus, Adana, Aintab, Marash and Mardin, but the Government understands that they are not in Turkey to give a secUlar education, but to live Ohrist so as to win men to Him.

As the political horizon clears and Turkey feels itself less liable to foreign complications, a greater freedom for religious effort will probably result, especially as Turkey is looking westward and not eastward for its models. It is well worth while to be patient with present restrictions, and be in on hand when the conditions become more favorable. The missionaries should be able to count on the whole-hearted support of the American churches in the present situation.

A REPORT FROM A MISSIONARY "The Turkish Government has adopted a policy of breaking the shackles of Islam and doing away with the religious superstitions which have held the Turkish people in bondage for so many centuries, but does not oppose the worship of God in the mosques or in the Ohristian churches. The Koran is taught as a regular subject in the curriculum of the government schools for from two to four hours a week. Many of the-Turkish leaders are becoming practically atheistic or agnostic, and the atmosphere of the Government may be regarded as one of agnosticism, but the Government has refrained from attacking the right of the individual to worship in any way he chooses.

"Public institutions, such as schools and hospitals, are not allowed to teach religion and many Turks, including government officials, strongly oppose any attempt on the part of the missionaries to interpret Ohristianity to individual Turks. The missionaries are free to live in the country, to visit in the homes of the people, to have the people visit their homes and to carryon any kind of personal conversation. The Government has done nothing to stop the circulation of the Old and New Testaments in the Turkish language and

EDITORIAL OOMMENTS

many Turks accept gladly copies of the Bible and place them in their houses.

"It is still possible to do vital and effective missionary work in Turkey today, as is shown by the fact that so many missionaries, with excellent qualifications for their work, are united in the belief that this is possible. Many of these men have remained in Turkey at great personal sacrifice and in the face of invitations to attractive positions in missionary work in other fields. One refused an invita- tion to the presidency of the American University in Beirut because he is not only firmly convinced of our opportunity to present Jesus Christ in Turkey but is also enthusiastically hopeful about the re- suIts of this presentation. "To one who has lived in Turkey for any length of time with an open mind, the attitude of the Turkish Government towards religious teaching iIi our schools is easily understood. Religion in Turkey has always been a nationalistic affair, and the word' Chris- tianity' bears the connotation of nationalistic groups opposed to the Turkish Government in the past. Mission schools are still regarded with suspicion because in the past they so largely served the Chris- tian minorities. Any attempt to teach religion to Turks in these schools is interpreted as an attempt to re-introduce into Turkey a divisive factor which has been infinitely troublesome in the past. We feel sure that this suspicion is gradually being dispelled and that within a reasonable length of time the Turkish Government will realize that Christian missionaries have no ulterior motives in educational work orin religious teaching. When this time comes we are conndent that we will have a very great opportunity for presenting Jesus Christ to the people of Turkey. .

"The missionaries are not so much troubled aboJlt the restric- tions placed upon our work by the Turkish Government as by the fact that so many Americans, who call themselves Christians, show a most un-Christlike and unforgiving spirit of hatred towards the Turks and use all kinds of false arguments with great insistence for our curtailing or aband,oning missionary work in Turkey."

A LETTER FROM CoNSTANTINOPLE-THE OPPORTUNITY "Islam has not been abandoned as a religion either theoretically or practically by the Turkish government or people. I might add (1) that a complete separation between church and state has not taken place, (2) that Islam as a religion is still taught in many Turkish government schools, and that Christianity as a religion is taught to Christian students in private schools, (3) that the Turkish people as a whole are very far from being practically atheistic or agnostic.

"A determined effort is being made, without immediate success, by the present rulers to free the people from the ecclesiastical and

religious trammels of their Moslem past, in the belief that religion is a private matter, if it indeed has any value at all to modern men and women. The first article of the present Constitution declares Islam to be the religion of the country. The Moslem clergy, though greatly reduced in members, are still supported by the Government. The usual services of scores of mosques in Constantinople and proportionately throughout Asia Minor are maintained, although poorly attended. In some cases services have been suspended. The present School Law provides that the religion of the founder of the school may be taught to members of the same religion who are pupils in the school.

"The present rulers of Turkey as a class seem not to be men· of any religious faith and experience. They are nominally Moslems but Islam is a culture as well as a religion. It is also a social system as well as· a culture. A man does not readily free himself from it by refusing to perform the stated daily prayers, or to keep the regular feasts and fasts, etc. A man may become an agnostic in matters of faith but he still allies himself with his fellow-Moslems in most of the habits of his daily life. No doubt there is a very strong current against religion of any kind among educated Turks, especially among the younger men and women, but influential government officials and others seem to take particular pains to emphasize the fact that religion is a private affair and that anyone is free to profess any religion he chooses when and where he chooses. The acid test of this statement may come sooner than we anticipate.

"All Christian missionary work does not consist in running an institution on conventional missionary lines. A missionary's life speaks so much more effectively for good or for evil than anything he can say, that there would be ample basis for the continuation of missionaries in a country even though no institutional work were permitted. The Government of Turkey has always sought to prevent the teaching or preaching of Christianity to Turks. For some reason or other however they are not now carrying on their crusade in such a way as to prevent (1) the publication of Christian literature and wholesome literature generally in Turkish, (2) personal work on the part of many missionaries, teachers, physicians, nurses, social workers, dealing almost exclusively with Turkish men, women or children, (3) the activity of the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. in respect to their physical, intellectual and social program, shot through as it is in every part by the spirit of Christ. The Government of Turkey, after placing severe restrictions upon every Christian institution with regard to so-called' Christian propaganda,' nevertheless tolerates Christian missionaries as teachers, physicians, writers, social workers, etc., knowing that they have a reputation for character-building, Christlike influence.

"While Turkish students are not permitted by law to attend

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

Christian services or Bible classes in schools or colleges, some of them do so in spite of the law. So far as it can be prevented no personal Christian work is allowed among Turks but for the last century personal Christian work of the most vital kind has been going on among Turks. Persecutions come and will continue to come. That is the way the religion of Christ has spread throughout the centuries. Turkey is no exception. It would be perfectly possible for a missionary to act in such a way that the Turkish Government would expel him from the country. Few of the 108 American Board missionaries in Turkey are now working among Christian sects and many of us believe that at the present time we are engaging in the most vital missionary work that we have ever done. Just because we suffer under the handicap of not being able to fill the pages of missionary journals at home with stories of what Christ is doing among the Turks, we are frequently supposed to be doing nothing and are threatened with lack of support just when we need support most and when the opportunity for doing what we really came to Turkey to do is greatest iIi. spite of restrictions.

"There is a wonderful opportunity in Turkey today for the Christian missionary if he is willing to accept service on Christ's terms. A virile nation is being reborn. It is shaking off the trammels of the barbarism and formalism of the past more rapidly than the most sanguine missionary ever believed possible. 'We do not see many ripe grains yet but the whole field is getting yellow.' Unprecedented opportunities for friendly contact and personal intercourse with Turks are ours todav. We are face to face with a Moslem people to see what Christ can d~ for them through us. Whether He can use us or not depends more largely on us than on the Turkish Government. We feel, as never before, the necessity of complete surrender to the Spirit of Christ, that we may rise to meet the opportunities He has given us. Will you become an active prayer-partner with us in the Turkey Mission ¥"

"N FAITH, FAITHS AND NO FAITH EVER before, any where in the world, has there been such a Fellowship of Faiths as that recently demonstrated in New York and now developing in Boston and other cities." So reads an announcement of a recent effort to bring together Jews and Christians, Catholics and Protestants, Bahaiists, Buddhists, Confucianists, Ethical Culturists, Hindus, Zoroastrians, Moslems, New Thoughtists and others of any faith or of no faith, all in a common "fellowship" for conference and cooperation. Similar movements have been started in the Congress of Religions and conferences of various faiths in Great Britain and elsewhere. Frequently these have been promoted by those who have no deep conviction as to the

truth of anyone religion but who think that any religion is good and that all are based on the same" spiritual fundamentals."

Is such a "Fellowship of Faiths" likely to be helpful in leading men and women to God ~ Can Moslems, with their exaltation of Mohammed over Christ, and Hindus with their devotion to Krishna and a myriad other deities, Buddhists with their belief in karma and Jews with their rejection of Christ-can all these, by public debates, reach any satisfactory basis of agreement as to the true revelation of God and man's relation to Him?

All religions reveal man's need for God and the search of his soul after God. The diversities of ideas, the differences in method of search and the conflicting conclusions do not, however, offer any hope for true fellowship among earnest seekers after God. Such conferences and unions have in the past resulted only in confusion-a babel. We see no basis of agreement between those who receive and those ",horeject God's revelation of Himself and the Way of Life made known thr.ough His Son Jesus Christ.

The announcement above referred to invites us to attend the discussion of "What Hinduism Means" as explained by ten representatives of ten different religions, including Bahaim, Christianity, Judaism, Islam, New Thought and Ethical Culture. 'l'his is the program set up in a Christian church in New York under avowedly Christian auspices! What can come from such a presentation but a jumble. of ideas, a conflict of statements and opinions, a religious hash made up of various views-true and false, poisonous and wholesome, godly and ungodly 1 The religion of Christ has nothing to fear from a frank and full comparison with other religions but it is difficult to imagine Christ or His apostles setting up in Jerusalem, Antioch, Corinth or Rome a "Fellowship of Faiths" where friends and foes were invited to discuss the merits of their various cults. Such a method develops partisanship through argument. The Christian message is a testimony – a witness to Christ and to what God's revelation of Himself means to one who has experienced new life in Christ. While loyal disciples may appropriately invite those ignoran.t of such reve]ation and e.xperien:ce to investigate freely, and to have their difficulties removed, there can be no real "fellowship" between those who accept and those who reject the Son of God.

The Christian religion welcomes frank, earnest investigation, but loyal Christians have no time to waste in promoting fruitless debates in which adherents of various cults seek to uphold their particular philosophy. Christians should seek to understand the views and obstacles that prevent others from following Jesus Christ but they cannot unite in any" fellowship" that is not in harmony with fellowship with the Father and with His Son Jesus Christ.

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TWO VETERAN MISSIONARIES TO INDIA O VER fifty years ago, on October 29, 1874, Robert A. Hume arrived in India to begin his work as a Christian missionary under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. For half a century he has continued his strenuous and manifold work in behalf of the inhabitants of the Deccan and has become widely known and highly honored by the people. Dr. Hume's jubilee last year was worthily celebrated in Ahmednagar where he was acclaimed "its most distinguished citizen and one of India's worthiest sons."

Robert Hume was born of missionary parents on March 18, 1847 in the city of Bombay. At the age or seven he set sail with hiR dying father for the long journey to America via the Cape of Good Hope, the Suez Canal not being opened until fifteen years later. His stricken father passed away and was buried at sea, having com- forted his wife and children with the words: "vVe are not where we ourselves chose to be but where our Heavenlv ]J'ather would have us be." The character of Robert Hume's mother is indicated by her words to him when he was sailing as a missionary twenty years later: "Half my life goes with you to India, but God knows it has been my dream that you should go there."

Dr. Hume has done a remarkable work on religious, philanthropic and national lines. He has many intimate friends in every Indian community and years ago was elected to the National Congress by his "fellow-Indians" as he delights to call them. He has been able to take a great and helpful part in the public movements of the day in India and in recognition of his leadership in famine relief operations the Government conferred on him the Kaiser-i·Hind gold medal for Public Service. One of his latest accomplishments has been the erection of a number of dwellings to improve the housing conditions in the city where he has lived for the past half-century.

Dr. Hume is well known as a notable preacher, editor, author, philanthropist, publicist, theologian and ambassador of Christ to India. On several occasions he has been English editor of the weekly English-Marathi Christian journal, the DnJ/anodaya, and two books on Indian Missions have come from his pen, viz., "Missions from the Modern View," and "An Interpretation of India's Religious History." Perhaps his most distinctive contributiotl t~ IndiaIi. Missions has been his championship of the Indian Church a1ld the support he has given to its leaders.

Dr. Hume's missionary career would have been notable had there been nothing else to his credit beside his more than twenty years' i'nfluence as "guide philosopher and friend" to the Christian poet of Maharastra, the Rev. Narayan Vaman Tilak, and the converted Chitpavan Brahman who in those two decades gave poetry to India.

There are scores of other Indian Christian ministers upon whom Dr. Hume has exerted the same unique influence.

The missionary's sympathy with the Indians and his remarkable adaptability and readiness to meet every possible situation have given him a great place in the hearts of the peasants of the Deccan. He has worked long for church union in India and has been elected first moderator of the United Church of India North, which combines the Congregationalist and Presbyterian Churches of Western India.

JAMES C. R. EWING Another honored veteran missionary, "an ambassador of Christ to India" was the late Sir James Caruthers Rhea Ewing, D.D., LL.D., D.Lit., K.C.I.E., who passed to his reward from his home in Princeton, New Jersey, on August 20th. Dr. Ewing was seventy years of age and had spent forty-three years in India-thirty of them as President of Forman Christian College, Lahore.

Dr. Daniel J. Fleming, formerly of India, writes of some of Dr. Ewing's characteristics that made him a great man, a great Christian and a great missionary. He says: "I name first Dr. Ewing's mastery of the vernacular. From the first moment in India his will was bent to overcome this preliminary condition for witnessing and for oneness with the people. Not every one knew that behind this easy flow of Hindustani in Dr. Ewing's sermons and addresses had been exceptionally faithful application. Dr. Ewing had a democratic freedom from any sense of racial superiority and a frank, natural liking for human folk. In his prime he could have called by name three-fourths of the student body of what is the largest mission institution of college grade in the world. His warm fellowship took in young and old, men and women of the non-Christian community as well as of the Indian Christians, government officials as well as nationals.

"Service disregarding cost to self marked his career in India. Many a day he went about his duties as principal of the college with a splitting headache although he might have been free from that in America. Many a time he would go to class while suffering from fever. For years he definitely faced the possibility of shortening his life by continuing in India in accordance' with God's will as he saw it. There was not one shred of shirking in him, and he held all the college staff up to their best by the example of his own loyalty to duty.

"PHleminent among Dr. Ewing's characteristics was his loyalty, to his Saviour, Jesus Christ. At governor's reception or senate hall he always wore, as was his custom, clerical dress which was symbolic of the unhesitating outspoken way by which he made it plain to all where he himself stood in all moral and religious questions. In a college which in the nature of things was made up largely of non-

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Christian student~ and where the tension between Christian and Hindus or Mohamil.'ledans might easily become disastrbus, he made it perfectly plain to his staff that they should speak unhesitatingly of Jesus Christ. As a good administrator he discouraged any artificial religious excitement, but was quite willing to face the disruption of the college through the Baptism of one who was found in Christ his Saviour. It is not surprising that Dr. Ewing's last words were, 'I know that my Redeemer liveth.'

"Dr. Ewing was a big caliber missionary. Not infrequently did men say that no man in northern India, whether civilian or governor, surpassed Dr. Ewing in widespread and varied influence. Hence it was, that responsibilities came heavily upon him in mission, in college and in university, and in all sorts of public and governmental relations. His honors betoken this. Yet through it all, Dr. Ewing would be the first to say, 'Not by might, nor by power, but by my Spirit, saith the Lord.' "

" C DONALD FRASER – "ONE "VHO SMILES WITH ANY ONE" HISEKESEKE," the African nallle given to the Rev. Donald Fraser, D.D., means "one who smiles with any one." After many years in Nyasaland, Dr. Fraser has become Home Organization Secretary of the Foreign Mission Committee of the United Free Church of Scotland. The following address was presented to Dr. Fraser by the African Christians on his departure from the field: "We, as members of the Mombera Native Association, have heard with . deep regret that you have received a eall from the Home Church to leave your post here for ever that you may serve God in another noble work in Scotland. As by God's grace our eyes have been opened, we must frankly say that we have observed the following things in your long and blessed service: .

"1. The people among whom you came were utterly lost, so that their spiritual life was uncared for; but you, with your care for the salvation of souls, proved yourself an earnest follower of Christ's Gospel by preaching and by opening schools in very many villages, so that people in these villages might be redeemed from sin and its consequences. As the result of your preaching and opening of schools there is today many a saved soul. These are the crown of your ceaseless activities.

"2. Your heart, which was full of compassion for the unsaved, was restless and unsatisfied in spite of many conversions, and so you resolved to hold annual conventions for the following reasons: (a) to deepen Christian truths in those already converted;. (b) to bring to the Light those who were still in spiritual darkness. These conventions have been the means of salvation to hundreds of souls in Angoniland.

"3. On the day when you first left Scotland you had only English music in your mind, but, after you lived among the ~goni here, you drew very sweet music out of the native mind by eneouraging us to sing praises to God in purely native tunes, and now Ngoni tunes are sung in many languages in

and outside Ngoniland. OUI" Ngoni and Tumbuka hymn books are rich in native hymns, which today are another means of spreading the Gospel.

"4. As you saw a Christian Church forming in Ngoniland, you resolved to teach the infant Ohurch that a Church that is sympathetic with the unsaved ~s a Church that is blessed and that grows strong within itself, and so you sent teachers to Marambo and Usena to make Christ known to those faraway lands. Glory be to God that you aid not only senu teachers to Marambo, but yourself went there constantly, preaching, teaching, baptizing, celebrating Communions, organizing the Church, opening and inspecting schools . . .

"5. Many of those who had the opportunity of understanding you have found in you a passion for winning souls for Christ. as you have again and again been found pleading with backsliders and infidels to come to Christ. Your study was ever open to those who came to you for spiritual help, and you, in turn, have visited many a hut to teach and plead for Christ in the individual home.

"6. Through God's grace and help your intellectual powers have been a great store out of which new and helpful ideas and plans have come from time to time to feed and nourish the infant Church of the Ngoni., and those who are spiritually minded will never forget you in this.

"7. In 1915 the Ngoni learned something new from you-that you did not come from Scotland simply for the redemption of men's souls, but for the redemption of their bodies as well: We remember when the Boma wished to punish some parts of Ngoniland beeause of the chiefs' unwillingness to lend a hand in the Great War, you were the man who encouraged the Ngoni to go and take their sha.r{l in that ·Wu;.. We must never forget that memorable day when, at your word, hundreds ·of men, .with teachers among them, thronged to the Borna at Mzimba~ offering· themselves for service in the Great War. Chiefs and Indunas have always found in you a great and sympathetic helper in. political matters.

"8. In difficult circumstances, bothspiritnal and physical, you have stood firm in faith and hope for brighter days.· Surely you have proved yourself a real optimist; and your encouragement to us in many dark times has put new life in us. We admit that on the part of the people you came to help there have been ingratitude, disappointment, sin, and apostasies from the Christian faith, but amid all these you have been found faithful to them. Hence, many love you dearly, and call you a father who has begotten them .through forbearance and sympathy."

THE BIBLE HOUSE OF LOS ANGELES* T HIS Bible house, of which Mr. R. D. Smith is the secretary, has for twenty-five years been publishing and distributing a high type of evangelical literature. The workers cooperate heartily with the regular denominational missionary agencies by supplying underscored Spanish New Testaments and other Christian literature, especially for Spanish-speaking peoples in the United States and in all parts of Latin America. Missionaries are most grateful for this help and the blessing of God has abundantly rested on the work.

• An unsympathetic reference to this highly respected evangelical agency was printed by mistake in our November number. This we deeply regret as the work.. has our hearty sympathy,- EDITOR.

at Home and~Abroad-A

Comparison BY MRS. HELEN B.Affi.RETT MONTGOMERY, ROCHESTER, NEW YORK Author of "Prayer and Missions," ete., etc.

O NE cannot comprehend the magnitude of the task confronting the Christian Church in non-Christian lands except by com- paring the Christian forces of those lands with our forces in America. It is difficult enough here, with all advantages of centuries of Christian tradition and Christian institutions. What must it be in lands blighted by superstitions, ignorance and idolatry1 In the United States there were in 1925 more than fifty million communicant members of the Christian Church (Catholic and Prot- estant). This means about one professing Christian to every two members of the population. 'l'here are thirty-three . million Protestants at home, or nearly one Protestant com- municant to every three non-Protes- tants.

In India, on the other hand, the Christian communicants (Catholic and Protestant) numbered about one in everyone hundred of the population.

This is proportionately only about one CHURCH MEMBER RATIO TO pOPu- • •• LATION IN AMERICA fiftieth of the strength of the ChrIstIan Church in America. If there were no more church members in the United States proportionately than there are in India, there would be but a little over 1,000,000 all told (Catholic and Protestant), or less than the Spiritualists count in their membership. If these members were evenly distributed, a city of ten thousand population, where there are now four thousand church members, would have less than one hundred Christians.

In China there are about two and a half million Protestants and Roman Catholics, many of them only nominal Christians. The Prot- estants number about one in eight hundred of the population. If America were no better evangelized, there would be only one Protes- tant Christian in 150,000 in the United States or three thousand Protestant church members in New York City. At this rate, the whole Christian body (Catholic and Protestant) in America would equal the present membership of the Lutheran Churches.

In Japan there are nearly 250,000 nominal Christians (Protes- tants, Roman Catholic and Rlussian Orthodox)-about 155,000 of them being Protestant. This means one professing Christian in less than three hundred of the popUlation. In the same proportion, 17 2

the professing Christians of the United States are, as a body, one hundred times stronger than they are in Japan. The same proportion of Christians to the population as in Japan would mean only 330,000 Christians in America. Evenly distributed, a village of six hundred people would have only two church members and the nominal church members in the United States would be less than the Mormon Church membership. Comparing evangelical Christians, those in possession of the open Bible and best fitted for intelligent evangelism, the thirty-three million Protestant church members of the United States are nearly sixty times as many proportionately as the evangelical Church in India, two hundred and seventy times stronger proportionately than in China, and one hundred and fifty times stronger than in Japan. If the Protestant Church of the United States were no stronger than in China, we would have only 150,000 or about as many as the mem- bership of the Reformed Church in America. In Japan there is one Protestant Church member to every five hundred of the population; in the same proportion, the Protestants in the United States would be no more numerous than the Greek Orthodox or about 200,,000 members. Or on the basis of evangelical Christianity in India, instead of 33,000,000 Protestant Christians in A.merica we would have only about half as many as the present membership of the Northern Baptist Churches. If these were evenly distributed, a city of thirty thousand would contain less than two hundred Protestant church members.

When, to the numerical disparity between the Christian forces of America and those of other lands we add the lack of spiritual training and experience, the contrast becomes even more startling. 'fhe comparatively strong American Church is supplemented by Christian schools, newspapers, books, hospitals, the Young Men's and Young Women's Christian Association, and many other institutions. In America there is at least one minister, one teacher, one doctor, one nurse in every five hundred of the population; more than twenty out of everyone hundred of our population are in school,

OHRISTIANITY AT ROME AND ABROAD-A COMPARISON

college or university; books and papers abound; travel is easy; the postal service reaches every corner of the land; railways and good roads bring people together. In China and India, illiteracy is the rule and education the exception; physicians and nurses average less than one to every five hundred thousand. Multitudes in Asia and) Africa are without the possibility of going to school, or of read- ing books and papers. Besides this there is lacking the general back- ground of common traditional knowledge about the all-wise and lov- jng God, the soul and the divine Saviour from sin. The Church in these non-Christian lands is weak, still hardly free from the super- stitions of heathen traditions in the midst of which it lives.

H ow can these Christian allies carryon without ottr aid?

Anyone who studies the present conditions from a Christian viewpoint must be convinced of the absolute necessity of Christianizing the world if there is to be any hope of setting men free from oppression, selfishness and strife. Hence the call comes to Christians in America and Europe in an inescapable challenge. Our allies on Asiatic frontiers must have help if the battle is to be won either here or there. Their battle is our battle and so is their victory, as much as if the conflict were waged in our very neighborhood. The cause is one and we have one Great Commander.

When one considers the effort and the money expended to give the Gospel to the unevangelized in America, we feel ashamed of the failure to do more for those who have not our opportunities and advantages. We are not doing too much at home. There is need here for trained Christian ministers and doctors, for teachers and nurses, but if we need so many in America what about the other millions whom Christ came to save but who have not yet learned of His salvation 1 Here is the failure of our modern Christianity. So long as this failure continues we can have no power for the conquest of our evils at home. A Church that is disobedient to its Lord in this primal obligation-the spread of the Gospel throughout the world-is certain to be a Church shorn of power. We should have at least as many missionaries abroad as in our own land, and we should give at least as much money to evangelize those in Asia and Africa as to maintain the Church in America, where the popUlation is only one eighth that of the unevangelized world. Under the present conditions, how c;l,n we hope that our protestations of loyalty to Christ will be taken seriously!

The men, the money, the earnest effort put into war register our determination to win the conflict. So the men, the money, the prayer and effort put into the effort to win mankind for Christ register our loyalty to Him and our sense of the value of the Gospel. When we give to world evangelism only about $40,000,000 a year, or the price of one ice cream soda and the cost of a moving picture

ticket each week, the taint of unreality must affect all our prayers and our service. Toamusements we give twenty-seven cents out of every dollar spent, while to benevolence and religion we give less than one cent.

To 'attack the tremendous task of world evangelization with courage and intelligence, with determination and with the sacrificial spirit, would transform the life of the Church at home and the spirit that actuates all our endeavors. The great lack is not funds, but fervor; the greatest need is not numbers of workers so much as it is the need for spiritual power, with a deep conviction of the efficacy and supremacy of the Gospel. We need a more whole-hearted loyalty to Jesus Christ, onr Saviour and Lord, and the Saviour of the whole world.

A Japanese Tribute to Christianity .A testimo,ny by Mr, Juwhi Shimomura, the head of the Bureau of Religions of t"c Government Department of Eduoation, in his address before the third general meeting of the National Christian council of Japan, October 9, 19:25. What a marvelous change hall oome in Japan when the governmental representative of the Department of Education oon make such an address!

I AM most thankful to the Christian Council for what it has con- tributed towards the improvement of the spiritual life of the Japanese, for what has been doue for the nation as a whole and for the great success attained in the propagation of the spirit of Ohristianity in more than two hundred cities and towns during last year's nation-wide Evangelistic Campaign. The work that your Council and its cooperating bodies are doing is not limited only to the problem of faith, but they have done and are doing much in charity, rescue work, and educational work. It is an undeniable fact that it was chiefly the example shown by Ohristianity that has stimulated the other religions and has changed the whole religious world of Japan.

One wish I would like to express has to do with the solution of our social problems-chiefly the solution of the problems of capital and labor. From time to time, various ideas have been made public concerning these problems, but they have always emphasized the material side of things: they have mostly had to do with the production and distribution of wealth or with political problems. In my opinion, problems of the mind or heart are the most important. In the solution of social problems right religious knowledge is most eSl;lential. .

The purpose ascribed to education for adults in England is .after all, to give them a true knowledge of Christ and to teach them to be faithful to Him. Influential men of the Church take the lead in this work.. It seems to me that it is this work that makes the English different from any other nation in the way they seek to solve all sorts of problems. The problems which seem very hard may easily be solved if Christian education is given to the youth.

Movements in the N on-

Christian W orId BY GEORGE SHERwOOD EDDY, LL.D., NEW YORK T ORD MORLEY'S description of what is taking place in India L may apply to almost the whole continent of Asia: "We are witnessing a vast and stupendous process parallel to that which took place in Europe from the fifth to the twelfth century, a people in transition; and to guide that transition may well be called a glorious mission."

The leaders of these plastic nations, the leaders of Asia, with over half the human race, are today being educated. Three forces have brought about this great awakening: European trade, Christian missions, and Western education.

Three centuries ago, with the founding of the East India Company in 1600, European trade reached out and entered the East. A little more than a century and a quarter ago, in 1793,. William Carey went out as the first Protestant missionary from Great Britain to northern India; a little less than a century ago Alexander Duff went out and began the great educational crusade in India. Gradually these forces, working through the masses and among the leaders, have wrought tre~endous changes.

Today, we are witnessing a transition so vast that it may well be called the renaissance of Asia. 'fhe intellectual awakening has been greater than the revival in E1.uope five centuries ago.· There are three million pupils in the new school system of China, about seven million pupils are studying modern education in Japan and India has a wonderful system. Japan has become a nation of leaders, with 98 per cent of her children in school, a stupendous feat of education, achieved in a single generation. China by one stroke swept away the system of two thousand years, adopted modern education, turned temples into colleges, and replaced old classic examination halls by modern schools and colleges.

In India, with forty or fifty thousand college and professional students, a million pupils in secondary schools, and seven million in the great educational system, the foundation of society has changed.

There is a thirst for modern education among the masses of Asia; the leaders of half the world are being educated. This is affecting life, bringing about social, political, industrial and religious changes. In our lifetime a change has come by which Japan has passed from mediroval feudalism into modern constitutional government. China has in a day become a republic and is seeking to establish a real democracy. India is throbbing with new national consciousness that is the mainspring of motive and action today~ 21

Among the leading classes this sense of liberty and the rights of the individual is sweeping with force.

The great intellectual and political awakening in Asia is accom- panied by a great economic, industrial, and commercial awakening.

The trade of China has increased sixfold, the trade of India tenfold, Japan twenty-fold. Great cities are bristling with smokestacks like Pittsburgh or Birmingham, with great hydro and electric works and marvelous irrigation systems. The whole of Asia is changing. There is a great social awakening. Structural changes permeate society as the result of this education spreading a new sense of rights of manhood, uplift of womanhood, and the yalue of childhood, the rights of the individual, and a new passion to uplift the lower classes. Caste is doomed in India and the family system of China is changing from communism to individualism, from bondage to liberty. The students and educated leaders are becoming imbued with a new passion for social service, so that almost unconsciously all Asia is pulsing with a new social awakening.

The moral and spiritual awakening is still more marked. The preaching of the Word of God, the healing in the hospitals, the dis- semination of new ideas through colleges and schools are bearing fruit. The great thought of God as the Father, the living 'J1aly God, the value of the individual, the sense of man's brotherhood, the higher Christian morality, and above all the conception of Jesus Christ, are all creating a new moral and spiritual atmosphere far beyond any record of conversion, permeating all the educated classes of Asia. .

Think what a change has taken place in the last century. One hundred years ago there were only about one hundred Protestant foreign missionaries in the world. Today there is an army of thirty thousand, the Bible in over six hundred languages. Then there was not a hospital or medical missionary in Asia; today more than a thousand missionary physicians with their hospitals and dispensaries, carrying healing of body and soul into the homes of rich and poor.

Then there was a little handful of small mission schools, while today there are fifty thousand colleges and schools inl the non-Christian world, training two and a half million future leaders in every de- partment of thought and life for Africa and Asia.

One hundred years ago there was not a :protestant missionary in Korea or Japan, not fifty in China, and but a little handful in India. Today there are three hundred thousand Protestant Chris- tians in Korea, half a million in China, and two and one quarter million in India. There are signs of progress.

Every week thousands of new members are added to the Church of Christ. Thirty years ago Japan was in the midst of her great anti-foreign, anti-Christian reaction; Korea was unknown, and China was gathering for the Boxer uprising when foreigners would be

CHRISTIAN MOVEMENTS IN THE NON·CHRISTIAN WORLD

killed and Christianity stamped out. India was caste-ridden and conservative, and there seemed not a ray of hope in the Near East that the Mohammedan world would ever change. Today the world is broken wide open. Japan is modern and is marked by great for· ward movements in evangelism. Korea has been swept by the power of Christ so that there gather at prayer meetings 30,000 or more every week. The Christian Korean is a witness and the Gospel is still good news in Korea. Evangelistic movements have also swept over India and China, creating a new mental, and moral, and spiritual atmosphere. Brahmins, M.ohammedans, and Buddhists listen to the Christian message. One young Brahmin whose ancestors wrote the philosophy of the Upanishads when ours were savages, a few years ago bitterly hated Christianity and burned down a mission school, beating the missionary with sticks. Then he became interested and bought a copy of the New Testament. He was gripped by the Sermon on the Mount, his heart was melted by Jesus Christ; he was baptized and suffered the loss of all things, but entered the service of Christ and t09k charge of a large district with Indian pastors, catechists, and teachers, with schools and churches, uplifting that great district in Christian civilization. As in ancient Rome, here and there a Tertullian or an Augustine, so one by one among the British Indians are won to Christ and these will be used to win the masses. Thank God there is a Christward movement among the educated classes.

The leading Brahmin of India, knighted by the British Government and made a British judge, has in his bedroom the picture of Ohrist crucified on the Cross, that he may see it night and morning. Every night he reads the Bible, and has read it again and again. His favorite passages are John's Gospel and Paul's Epistle to the Corinthians. E,very morning from six to seven, though not a Christian in name, he spends in meditation and prayer. He draws his inspiration from Jesus Ohrist. He is not baptized, not on the records of the Christian Chnrch but he believes and worships Christ. The ideas that lie at the heart of the Christian Gospel are permeating every department of Hindu thought and society. There are thousands of secret followers of Jesus Christ outside the range of the Christian Church in India.

Twenty-five years ago, in 1900, China had her Boxer uprising, when the Dowager Empress sent out the decree to kill the foreign devils, and thousands of Christians laid down their lives. Today, officials of the government and officers of the army, and leading educators are outstanding Christians. Thousands of students are studying Christianity in Bible classes. A young college president said to Prof. Robertson: "Where do you Christians get your power and hope and comfortf" Professor Robertson answered: "Let me introduce you to my unseen friend, Jesus Christ." That college president joined a Bible class. Later he began to pray and testified that

suddenly it was as if a great light filled his whole soul, as at the is conversion of Saul of Tarsus. He stood before the college trustees and confessed Christ. Now he the head of a modern institution with students from the eighteen provinces. There is a Christward movement among the educated classes as well as among the masses.

Thank God Christ is at work in the length and breadth of Asia, and there is not only an intellectual renaissance but a spiritual and moral reformation, a movement among the masses, a movement among the millions at the base, and among those educated ones at the top, a movement Christward. Here is a great challenge-shall we meetit1 Here in Christian America we spend three times as much, to mention only miserable despicable trifles, for chewing gum, as would give the Gospel to half a world; twelve times as much for soda water; seventeen times as much for candy as for world-wide missions; one hundred times as much for moving pictures; seventy times as much for tobacco. Here is half the world without Christ and we are'laying up a billion dollars a year. They need what we have, and we are playing with it. Two thousand dollars will run a Christian college for a year, not including the missionary's salary. A thousand or twelve hundred will support a missionary. I know a man whose daughter offered to go to the field. He took two tenths of his income to support her; then they took in boarders and gave more; he is now giving six tenths of his income from a slender salary. A teacher in a school, supporting her mother, has her own foreign missionary abroad. Does not this challenge come as a call from God1 If you could see what money will do out on the mission field, I believe you would try to meet this challenge from the masses and from the educated leaders, and that you would try to support a missionary. "Give ye them to eat."

God, our Father, have mercy upon us, that having known Thy Gospel so long and having had it for centuries, wshohl it back in selfish luxury. Open our eyes to see the poverty and the need and the hunger, the great movemeut among the masses, the great movement among the students, the great movement sweeping through these plastic nations of the Asiatic and the non-Ohristian world. Oh God, give us to see, give us to feel,give us to cl;tre, that_ we may rise up as the Church of the Living God, and carry the Gospel to ihese our brothers in other lands, that we may hear the call of our Lord Jesus who died for them as for us.

Dr. Jonathan Goforth once Baid to General Feng, "You are becoming known all o'l'er the .christian world."

"That's my danger, ", the General replied. "The devil will make me a special target for his attacks." "Yes," Dr. Goforth answered, "but there are thousands and tens of thousands who will become intercessors to pray for you." – "That's my salvation," he answered.

CHILDREN'S PLAYGROUND AT ELLIS

Treating Immigrants as Brothers BY (JOE HAYNE, NEW YORK OITY , 8 ONE 0 'CLOCK the door leading from the gr€at porch on the second floor of the Administration Building on Ellis Island, Uncle Sam's chief port of entry for aliens, was unlocked, and down the new, steel, outside stairway ther.e came a stream of people or many races. Some of them for the first time felt beneath their feet the soil of America, the "Promised Land" of the Occident.

Husbands, wives, little children and older boys and girls, bachelors of hoth sexes, widows and widowers, all passed quietly into the sun- light from detention quarters. There was no babble of voices as when school children ate "let out for recess." . These newcomers in a strange land hlld been granted the use' of Ellis Island's playground for an Ilfternoon IlS a part of the new plan for daily recreational ac- tivities fgr men, women and children. They separated into groups, determin;l3d by ties of kinship or cnance acquaintance.. The .aged and the mothers with very little children made their way to benches.

Others lay upon the soft grass from which there arose a fresh, sweet smell. The fleeting fragrance was dimly reminiscent of meadow- lands and village lanes of the lands across the .sea .from which the strangers had come. One man lay flat upon his back and held a baby at arms' length above his face, laughing and rocking the child in his cupped hands. . ….

25

Silent groups stood at oneElnd of the park, their eyes caressing the tall buildings of Manhattan. These were enduring an enforced detention which had not been anticipated. They were tragic figures suspended bet1Veen two worlds, people without a eountry; having broken the old' home ties they were not permitted readily to form new bonds. The strain of waiting and the fear of exclusion moved them deeply. .

Now down the center of the green comes an American, sounding a referee's whistle, soccer ball tucked under his arm. Smiling, he approached a group of young men, with the remark: "How about a game of soccer?"

The immigrants stared at the young American and turned away, but cutting diagonally across the playground he blew his whistle invitingly, halted in front of a tall, red-cheeked, flaxen-haired youth and invited him to join in a game of football.

But the youth shook his head and walked to a high wire fence from which point he could obtain a nearer view of the Battery. Beside him stood a lank Asiatic whose swarthy brow mounted high and broad above blue-black spectacles. On one of the benches sat a huge peasant who stroked the hand of a little old woman upon whose face was a smile that drew a second glance. It wast the banner of courage, lacking in vitality, as though acquired and preserved through many years. Washed ashore upon a mysterious island, the gaunt old couple faced life in a new world, or death in an old, lovers to the end.

In another corner of the field a youug woman social worker tossed a basketball gently into the arms of immigrant women, one after another, who laughingly tossed it back. Soon a semi-circle of women, one with a toddler by her side, were enjoying a game, the point of which was to catch the ball and so keep at the head of the line. A "miss" sent one to the foot as in the spelling test in the oldtime district school.

But some cannot be happy. When a social worker asked an J<Jnglishwoman to join in a game she replied: "Play? How can I play? I have never been kept under guard before. I have always been decent. I am most unhappy. I'll play, but only because you want me to."

A soccer game began when the director kicked the ball toward a youth who had been out the day before. A match was arranged between two teams that included two Scotchmen, one Italian, two Irishmen, three Germans, one Hungarian and one. Jew. It furnished good! sport for the players and for many who looked on in need of some distraction. The gloomy blonde immigrant with the rosy cheeks sat on Ii bench with elbows on his knees, head gripped between his hands. No doubt he would join in the game the next day.

Swings, merry-go-rounds, flying rings and slides were in demand,

TREATING IMMIGRAN'I1S AS BROTHERS

while a young woman from the Ellis Island kindergarten directed games for the younger children.

In permitting religious and social agencies to send representa- tives to Ellis Island the Government has been mindful of the special need of immigrants for friendliness and sympathy by reason of their abnormal mental condition occasioned by their detention. Passes are issued by the Commissioner for a limited number of workers who have been recommended by the General Committee of Immigrant lid representing thirty-three religious and social organizations- Catholic, Jewish and Protestant.* The workers plan their daily pro- gram with the view of meeting the religious, social, educational and recreational needs of these de- tained immigrants.

Manual work has also its place on this program, for acute cases of mental depression are often averted by occupational therapy. The Daug-hters of the American Revolution supplement the work of the General Commit- tee by keeping two large material closets well stocked with cloth, yarn, thread, knitting frames and other equipment. Rug-making, scarf-weaving and bead-work have been introduced. A Hindu boy whose case was on appeal helped to introduce scarf-weav- SIX NATIONALITIES AT EI..I..IS ISLAND ing. Though unable to speak Polish. Russian, Czecho.slovakian, Armenian, German, Scotch English he used a rough pencil sketch to show the D. A. R. representative how to make a hand knitting machine out of a narrow block of wood. Another alien in- vented a way to knit slipover sweaters for little children in need of them. The simple contrivance has kept scores of men busy during • The tollowlng are the thirty-three const1tuent societies com,posing the General Committee of Immigrant AId: The AmerIcan Baptlst Home Mission Society, American Tract Society. The Belgtan Bureau, Board of Domestic Missions of the Reformed Church in America, Board. o( Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Congrega.tional Home Missionary Soelety, Tbe Council of Jewish Women, Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, German Society of the City of New York, Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society of America, Holland Immigration Bureau Christian Reformed Church, Home Missions Council Evangelical Denominations. The Immigrants Mission Board of the United Lutheran Church in America. InternaUonal CommUtes of the Young Men'n Christian Association. National Department of Immigration and Foreign Communities Young Women's Cbrlstian Assoclat()n, HaHan Welfare League, Lutheran Immigrant Society. Irish Emigrant Society. Mission of our Lady of the Rosary, National Catholic Welfare Conference. New York Bible Society. New York Protestant Episcopal City Mission Society. Norwegian Lutheran Church of America, Polish National Alliance of the United States, St. Ra.pb",1 Society for Italian Immigrants, The Salvation Army, Swedlsb Evangelical Mission Convent of America. The SWedish Lutheran Immigrant Home, The New York Travelers' AJd Society, Women's American Baptist Home Mission Soolety. Woman's Board 01 Home Missions of the Presbyterian Church, Woma.n's Christian Temp·erance Union, Woman's Home Missionary SOCiety of the MethodlJ>t Episcopal Church.

trying periods of detention. No questions are asked as to what dis- position they make of articles they produce. They may sell them, give them away, or retain them as personal property.

Dress materials are freely distributed to mothers whose mental suffering is alleviated by work. A yard of delicate Persian: lawn with a bit of silk ribbon, to be made into a child's dress, has a tremendously soothing effect upon a panic-stricken mother separated from her sick baby in the hospital. Another great boon is the day nursery con- sisting of three large rooms, one equipped with a modern porcelain bathtub for infants and all well supplied with cribs. Not a few immi- grant mothers gain their first real understanding of sanitation in the care of infants in the Ellis Island nursery.

The kindergarten and day school on the Island are the outcome of the joint endeavor of the immigration officials and the General Committee of Immigrant Aid. Children of many races here turn the hours of profitless monotony into pleasant social, physical and mental activities. ,In the one room available, as many as two hundred chil- dren have been cared for in one day, with classes for pupils ranging from two to seventeen years of age. The principal of the school was born on Ellis Island and therefore has a sympathetic understanding of her task in this child-garden, under conditions that have no pad;llel. She speaks Spanish, French, Italian and Portuguese, and is IE!~rn- ing Yiddish. She says: '

"I take some time each day to make the rounds of the dete~tion rooms to see if new children have arrived -on a recently unloaded ship. It is not easy to get them to come to schoo], for they are timid and the parents are more so. The strange. surroundings, the neces- sary physical inspection, the unexpected deportations, with their in- cidental wait here on Ellis Island, combine to frighten these strangers at our port. The fathers and mothers themselves are little more than children and must be coaxed and comforted and persuaded to give their children into our care. "

Religious services are held every week; on Saturday for the Jews and at different hours on Sunday morning for Roman Catholics and Protestants. The General Committee of Immigrant Aid co- operates with the Commissioner to provide speakers and music and also to arrange special programs and gifts for the celebration of Christmas and other holidays. Bibles are distributed among immi· grants as they arrive, 71,027 copies in thirty-four languages having been given the newcomers in 1924. Diglot gospel portions are espe- cially useful for aliens who are eager to learn English and when they find their own language printed in a book parallel with the English version they soon acquire the use of English words. At the same time as their vocabularies grow they learn from the Scriptures the moral standards and ideals on which American society is founded.

This is a great help in the solution of the immigrant problem. Care-

TREATING I¥MIG-RANTSAS

.fully selected religious tracts in many languages are also distributed as is a manual issued by the Daughters of the American Hevolution, which contains the first principles of American citizenship.

Free concerts, one each week throughout the year, with special concerts by other organizations volunteering, are made possible by the cooperating organizations. Violin and vocal solos, orchestral, band and choral music and piano and organ recitals do much to entertain and comfort. A large radio receiving set with amplifiers has neen installed in detention rooms and motion pictures are regularly shown under a liberal arrangemenl with a film company. Recently a machine has been given and is in use by a trained operator every Friday night.

i, . The immigration station on Ellis Island not only affords the Government opportunity to examine alien arrivals but makes possible th~ protection of immigrants from exploitation by unscrupulous persons waiting to prey upon them. The transfer of baggage and the routing of immigrants to their destinations are in harmony with this. policy. Governmelft and social workers act as guides to near-by points and provision is made for the chaperonage of girls coming to in~ended husbands. In the custody of one of the workers of the Social Service Department the intended bride, after securing a license, may have her nuptials performed on the mainland by a minister of her choice or before a magistrate. Relatives and friends of immigrants must furnish satisfactory identification before the authorities will entrust newcomers to their care.

m-. Other forms of helpful servic.e under the supervision of theimmi- gration authorities and the General Committee of Immigrant 4-id

elude the assembling of complete layettes, the distribution of clothes to needy immigrants, library facilities, the social cup ;of tea, the ministrations of the chaplains, and classes in English.

The Social Service Department at Ellis Island is a connecting link between organizations, social workers, friends and relatives of immigrants. The Government has taken into account the value of the friendly contact of each immigrant with an intelligent person speaking his language. In the handling of a single case a worker may be obliged to solicit the help of several outside constructive agencies such as hospitals, settlement houses and societies of foreignborn.

The new quota law has reduced the number of people landed from steamers but has increased the individual immigrant's expectancy of a welcome at the gate.

A drama of progress is being enacted on Ellis Island which should represent a way of life symbolized by the imposing statue dominating New York harbor with her flaming torch. 1'he aim of the system is to produce American citizens, but it is a process often fraught with human anguish. At heart America is just and humane. Commissioner Curran is of the opinion that the Port of Entry should be one of the great humanitarian institutions of America. Why should immigrants dread to enter this great porU When immigrants secure our consular officers' visas they receive an implied invitation to come as far as the door. When they land at Ellis Island or elsewhere they become the wards of the United States, if not in- vited guests.

In his Toronto address, June 27, 1924, Professor Julius Drachsler of the College of the City of New York, declared that "a deep and abiding sense of the inviolability of the immigrant's essential humanity" constitutes the first principle in a policy for the incorpora- tion of newcomers into the life of America. What shall be done for those who are excluded from American society 7 Shall there not be a "deliberate policy of humanization" that will make of the deported immigrant a lifelong booster of America's particular brand of hospi- talityf It should not be possible for him to return to his land of origin to say with more or less truth that there was not sufficient water at times in the dormitory building on Ellis Island for sanitary and drinking purposes. .

Professor Drachsler's idea is at the foundation of Commissioner Curran's desire that a concrete covered way be built to replace the old wooden causeway connecting the main Island with Islands Nos. I and 2 upon which the hospitals are situated. The present structure is a menace and should be replaced.

The transformation of Ellis Island is possible; in its place may develop a powerful agent of human welfare that shall interpret the heart of America to wanderers in search of a better life.

of Life in

BY SADHU SUNDAR SINGH, SIMLA, INDIA I N 1921, there broke out a jungle fire in the Himalayas. While most of the people around were busy in putting it out, I noticed several men standing and looking fixedly into a tree. "What are you looking aU" I asked. They, in reply, pointed to a nest full of young birds on the tree whose branches were already burning.

Above it, a bird was flying wildly about in great distress. They said, " We wish we could save that nest but we cannot go near because of the blazing fire." A few minutes later the nest caught fire and I thought, "Now the mother-bird will flyaway." Instead, to my great astonishment, I saw her fly down and spread her wings over the young ones. In a few minutes, the poor bird was burnt to ashes along with her YOlmgsters. I had never seen anything like it before .

and said to those standing near, "Are we not astonished at this wonderful love ? Think how much more wonderful must be the love of Him who has created such an unselfish love in His creatures.

The same infinite and unselfish love brought Jesus Christ down RECENT PORTRAJT OF SADHU from heaven into this world to be- SUNDAR SINGH come man that, by giving His own life, He might save us who ~ere dying in our sins."

Life is in the blood, and by shedding His blood Christ gives life to us. As serum is'not infrequently injected for the cure of disease, so by His blood Christ saves us from sin's deadly disease and from death.

The whole universe is a body. Every limb is connected with the body. If there is pain in one part the whole body feels it. If serum is injected into any particular part the whole body feels the effect. Though Christ was crucified in Jerusalem-a small spot on this earth -the whole universe feels the effect of His death, and the whole world will continue to participate forever in the benefit of His vicarious sacrifice.

In 1922, when traveling in Palestine with a friend, I was greatly 31

refreshed by drinking the sweet and soothing water of a famous well.

An hour or two later I was again thirsty, and those words of our Lord came forcibly to my mind: "Whosoever drinketh of this water shall thirst again; but whosoever ddnketh of the water that I shall give him shall never thirst; but the water that I shall give him shall be in him a well of water !springing up into everlasting life." , (John 3: 13, 14.) I had just drunk of a well that men had dug and was again thirsty. In all humility and thankfulness I can say that during the two decades since I gave my heart to Christ and drank of that water which He gave me, I have never been thirsty because He is; indeed'

the Fountain of Life. . ., Once on a journey in the hills ·of India, I sat down to rest on a.

liock. Below the rock was a bush in which was a nest from which came the cry of the young birds. The 'mother-bird had come with ~ood and as soon as they heard the rustling of her wings they began: to cry out. When the mother had given them food and had flown l:j.way, they ,were quiet again. I examined the nest and found, to my surprise, that they were not old enough to have their eyes open, yet without seeing their .mother they opened their mouths at her ap- proach. They did not say: "Until we shall see our mother or our food, we will not open our mouths, for we do not know if it is our mother or an enemy; or whether she brings food or poison." If they had acted on this principle they would certainly have had no opportunity to eat and to see, for before their eyes were opened they would have died of hunger. They did not doubt their mother's love, but took on faith what she brought. After a few days, when their eyes were open, they were happy in seeing their dear mother and, growing stronger and stronger in her likeness before long, were able to flyaway in the upper air. Are not men, the highest of God's crea- tures, often inferior to these insignificant nestlings, for often we have had doubts about the existence and love of our Heavenly Father. Jesus said, "Blessed are they that have not seen, and yet have believed." (John 20: 29.) Many who never see their own defects and shortcomings are forever looking for faults in others. The eye that sees all external objects sees neither itself nor its defects. Only when we look into a glass does the eye see itself and its defects. By looking into the mirror of God'l Word, and by living in fellowship with the Word made flesh, we can truly know ourselves. Not only will He SllOW us our sin, but He will reveal Himself to us in healing and saving power.; If we turn to Him in obedience and, continuing in prayer, live in His holy fellowship, He will take away our defects and transform us into His glorious image for all eternity. Thus we will share with Him His glory. (John 14:26; 17:24.) , Once in the hills, I saw an ant running about looking for food.

IUound a seed which it touched and at Olic,e went off again. Tthought

PARABLES OF LIFE IN CHRIST

that the seed was bad. But no! soon the ant returned with a number of companions. It had no thought of keeping the food to itself but wished them to share in it. Selfish men may learn a lesson from the ant. Those who have received spiritual blessings from living with God should take His word to those who have not heard of Him, that they also may receive the fellowship and blessings of God with eternal joy.

Until a lump of salt is dissolved it cannot salt a single grain of pulse, and till the sun's heat has melted the snow of the mountains, it cannot flow down and irrigate the sun-dried and thirsty plain. Until the snow is melted it cannot be drawn as water vapor to form clouds from which it can come down as rain to make the parched and thirsty. land green and fruitful. If we are not melted by the rays of the Sun of Righteousness and by the fire of the Holy Spirit, we can neither quench the thirst of any famished soul nor bring him to the Fountain of Life, where he will be satisfied and alive for ever.

May God give us grace to live Christ so that we may be instrumental in bringing others to our Saviour.

Reaching the Moslems in Africa D R. SAMUEL M. ZWm'lfER is busy in Egypt giving lectures . to those preparing to work for Moslems, preaching on week . days and on Sundays at Cairo, Alexandria, Assiut, Ismalia, Benha, Menuf and Old Cairo; giving addresses to audiences of four or five hundred young men at the Y. M. C. A.; and attending committees. Recently he again visited the great Mohammedan University (AI Azhar) and distributed over one hundred and fifty copies of Matthew's Gospel and a dozen Bibles and Testaments. He writes: "I have never before witnessed such accessibility and responsiveness among these students. Weare facing a new day in Egypt. Politically things are in a dreadful tangle" but religiously there is much less opposition or antagonism. The literature of the Nile Mission Press finds eager. purchasers and our circulation is far larger than any year before." In South Africa, on his recent visit, he found that the Moslem menace is real and the problem needs to be laid on the heart of the churches.

In Egypt there is strict government censorship of the press, especially to stop seditious publications. Five copies of every new book must be submitted to the examiners at the Press Bureau. Every press must also submit architect's plans of its works, the excuse being "danger from electricity"; the real reason is that the license to print may be revoked as soon as the Government (or AI-Azhar) is offended. "It therefore," he says, "behooves all to be careful."

3

Gandhi's Address to Missionaries '"

Parts of an address delivered at the CalCi~tta Christian Missionar?JI Conference, July 28, .1925 M y association with Christians-not Christians so called, but real Christians-dates from 1889, or even 1888, when as a lad I found myself in London. That association has grown riper as years have rolled on. In South Africa, where I found my- self in the midst of inhospitable surroundings, I was able to make hundreds of Christian friends, some of them intimate friends. I came in touch with the Director of the South African G.eneral Mis- sion, the late Mr. Spencer Walton, and we had many a conversation on matters of common interest. I came in touch with that great divine, M:t:. Meyer of South Africa, and I attended one of the con· ventions that took place at Wellington.

There was a time even in my life when very sincere and intimate friends of mine, one of them a great and good Quaker, had designs upon me. He thought that I was too good not to become a Christian. .I was sorry to have disappointed him, but I know that he never left off praying for me. I daresay that even now he is praying for me as I know one missionary in South Africa does, because almost every six months he writes to me and asks "How is it with you ~" If it was prayer that they expected me to make, I was able to tell them that every day a heart-felt prayer within the closed doors of my closet went to the Almighty to show me the light and give me the wisdom and courage to follow that light.

In answer to a promise made to one of these earnest Christian friends of mine in 1905, I sought out one of the biggest of Indian Christians-the late Kali Churn Banerjea. I went to him with my mind absolutely open in a receptive mood and I met him also under circumstances which were most effective. I found that there was much in common between Kali Churn Banerjea and myself. His utmost simplicity, his innate humility, his courage, his truthfulness, all these things as a child I had admired and he met me when his wife was on her death-bed. I told Mr. Banerjea, "I have come to you as a seeker, and I have come to you in fulfilment of a sacred promise I have made to some of my dearest Christian friends that I would leave no stone unturned to find the true light." I came away not sorry, not dejected, not disappointed, but in one way I was sorry that that was my last chance. He did not convince me, hel talked to me about the Vedas, he was a learned man, he was saturated with Hindu Law.

–;-a;p()rted in The CMiatian Patriot, India. August 22. 1925.

34 I do not profess Christianity today-and I am here to tell you in all humility that for me Hinduism, as I find it, entirely satisfies my soul, fills my whole being and I find a solace in the Bhagavad- Gita, in the Upanishads, that I miss even in the Sermon on the Mount. Not that I do not prize it as dearly as life itself, not that some of the precious teachings in the Sermon on the Mount have not left a deep impression upon me, but I must confess .to you that when doubt haunts me, when disappointment stares me in the face and all alone I see not one ray of light, I go back to the Bhagavad- Gita. I find a verse here and a verse there and I immediately begin to smile in the midst of overwhelming sorrow, in the midst of overwhelming tragedies-and my life has been full of external tragedies -and if they have left no visible or no indelible scar upon me, I owe it all to the teachings of the Bhagavad-Gita. I have told you this in order to make absolntely clear to you where I stand so that you may have, if you will, a closer hand-grip with me: that here is a man who has approached Christianity with prayerfulness, with all the humility that he was capable of showing and expressing, with all the truth that he could command and with fear of none but God.

I came to another conclusion in my search. Having been a student, I did not stop at studying the Bible and all the commentaries that these great friends of mine had placed in my hands. I said to myself if I was to find satisfaction through reason, I must study the Scriptures of other religions and I pored over the pages of the Koran, I devoured what I could of Zenda Avesta, I tried to understand what I could of Judaism as distinguished from Christianity, and I came to the conclusion that all religions were right, but every one of them was imperfect-imperfect naturally and necessarily so, because those religions, we, with our poor intellects sometimes with poorer hearts, interpret, most often mis-interpret. It was a matter of deep grief to me to see those commentaries, everyone of them, giving me a different interpretation of the same verse. Not that it is a peculiarity wIth Christianity, I know the same thing with reference to the Vedas. I pored over the commentaries of the Zenda Avesta, of the Vedas or the Upanishads, and I found the same bewildering differences, and I said to myself, ' , Not this thing for me. If I want to seek God in this way to the satisfaction of my soul or the intellect I shall fail, but I must wait constantly upon God asking him to guide me." There is a beautiful verse which we sing every day at our little Ashram at Sabarmati, which says, "God helps only when man feels utterly helpless and utterly humble." When I was studying Tamil, I found in that inestimable work by Dr. Pope, a Tamil proverb, which I remember; it simply means this-that God is the help of the helpless. Now, I have given you this story of my own experiences for you to ponder over.

You, the missionaries, come to India thinking that you come to a

land of heathen, of idolaters, of men who do not know the true meaning of religion. One of the greatest of Christian divines, Bishop Heber, allowed himself to write two lines, which have always left a sting upon me, "Where every prospect pleases and only man is vile." I wish he had not written those lines. From my experience of the masses of India-I have gone from one end of India to the other without any prejudice, without any prepossession, in a relentless search after Truth and nothing but the Truth. I have not been able to say that here, in this fair land-watered by the great Ganges, Brahmaputra and Jamuna, man is vile. He is not vile, he is just as much a seeker after God as you and I are, possibly more so. It reminds me of a French book that a French friend placed in my hands and translated. It was an allegory, but there the writer pictures to himself an expedition in search of Truth. The members of the party go out in all parts of the world, and the one who lands in India says that throughout all his wanderings, he found Truth personified,> humility personified, God Himself in a little pariah hut. There are many such huts belonging to the untouchables where you will certainly see God and find Him also; the pariah has every reason, if there is any man who has reason, td deny God, but he persists in affirming that there is God. No matter what man does, he will depend upon God for assistance and finds his assistance also. There are stories told throughout the length and breadth of these noble untouchables. Vile as some of them are, there are the noblest specimens of humanity in their midst.

But does my experience exhaust itself with merely the untouchables' By no means. I am here to testify to you, a non-Brahmin, that there are Brahmins in India who are as fine specimens of humanity as you may find in any place of the earth. There are Brahmins today in India who are embodiments of self-sacrifice, who are embodiments of godliness, who are humility personified. There are Brahmins who are devoting themselves, life and soul, to the service of the untouchables, without expectation of any reward! from the untouchables and with execrations from orthodox Brahmins. They do not care, because they know that in serving the pariah they are serving the God who is made manifest in the Vedas. I place this fact, this truth, before you in all humility for the simple reason that you may know this land better, which you are here to serve as its servants, as its friends.

You are here to find out the distress of the people of India and the reason of that distress, but I hope you are here also in a receptive mood. If there is anything that India has to give, you will not stop your ears, you will not close your eyes, you will not steel your heart, but you will open your ears, open your eyes and most of all open your heart, to receive all that may be given in the land. I give you my assurance that there is a great deal of good in it.

MAHATMA GANDID'S ADDRESS TO MISSIONARIES

I therefore ask you to approach the problem that you have undertaken with a new sense of openheartedness, receptiveness and humility. If you have prepossessed notions, so that you will refuse t.o see the other side, if you will refuse to understand what the Indian is thinking, you will deny yourselves the real privilege of service. I have told so many of my missionary friends "Noble as you are, you have isolated yourselves from the people whom you want to serve." Not so St. Francis Xavier. At the Language School in Darjeeling, Lord Salisbury was waited upon by a deputation of missionaries. That deputation wanted protection in connection with China. Lord Salisbury said to them: "Gentlemen, if you want to go to China and take the Message of Christ, then do not ask for the assistance of temporal power. Go with your lives in your hands and if the people of China want to kill you, think that you have been killed in the service of God."

Christian missionaries, who come today to India come under the the shadow, or protection of a temporal power: and it creates an impassable 'bar. Statistics show that so many orphans have been reclaimed and have been brought to Christianity, so many grown-up people do not represent your Mission. You will have to go to the lowly cottages not to give them something, may be probably to take something. I miss that receptiveness, I miss that humility, I miss that willingness on your part to identify yourselves with the masses of India.

If anything that I have spoken has given you pain, know then it has not been said in order to cause you pain, it has not been said in order to criticize you, but as a friend to a friend I have exercised that privilege. May God bless you all.

At the close of Mr. Gandhi's address an opportunity was given for questions, and many were asked by missionaries, Indian teachers, students, and Indian Christians. One of the important questions from a missionary was in regard to "receptivity" on the part of Christian missionaries. The question was asked of Mr. Gandhi: "How do you feel, not only about the Christ of history, the Christ of Judea, but about the living Christ, the Christ of the Resurrection' ' , Mr. Gandhi replied: "H I understand correctly my friend's very sincere question, he wants to know whether I feel within me the presence of the living Christ. H the living Christ is the same as the historical Christ, then I must confess that I do not feel that presence. H' Christ' is a convertible term with' God, ' the living God, not a God who lives somewhere in the clouds or in the Himalayas, but God who lives nearer to me that anyone of you, nearer to me than my hands and feet, if that is your meaning of Christ, then I say that both Christ and Krishna of the Bhagavad-Gita live in me, because to me they are convertible terms. I do not talk now of the historical Krishna, but I talk of the seer, the one who is supposed to have given the Gita. And yet I do not even mean the one who is supposed to have given the Gita. What I mean is something which is indefinable, which is inexpressible. H, then, you will allow me to interpret the living Christ as that indefinable Essence,

I believe in that Christ. If I did not realize the presence of that living, speaking God in me, I should become a raving maniac, and the waters of the Hughli would be my destination. Such is the pessimism that would possess my soul, as I analyze the conditions that confront me throughout the world. Only the Presence, the realization of that Presence, enables me to keep body and soul together, and, in spite of all that disturbs me from outside, I enjoy in an abundant measure an inexpressible peace."

Dr. George Howells, the President of Serampore College, Calcutta, and chairman of the meeting, said in his concluding remarks: "I most heartily thank the Mahatma for his very straight talk to us. There is much in his speech which is convincing-and there is a great deal which has not convinced me in the least! He has revealed, if I may say so, an abysmal ignorance in regard to what is going on among Christian thinkers regarding the relations of Christianity with Hinduism and other religions. The idea that Christians in general think of other religions as satanic, is ~omething totally out-of-date. If Mr. Gandhi knows anything of missionary activities in recent years, he must recognize that it has been the Christian missionary, more than any other, who has revealed to the world the richness of India's spiritual heritage. I need only mention, in illustration, the 'Heritage of India Series' published by the Y. M. C. A. Indians themselves can show nothing comparable to what the Christian missionaries have done in revealing to India herself, and to the Western world, the great heritage of the Hindus and of India. I think, that in this respect, the Mahatma has done us less than justice.

"There is one other thing, perhaps, which I may mention. I do not think Mr. Gandhi has realized the heart of the Christian message, and per- haps we ourselves are to blame for that. We have not, as Christians sufficiently revealed to the people of India, what has come home to ourselves with telling force, that Christianity is Christ, that our religion is nothing except, in so far as men see in it, Christ. It is not a creed, not a commentary on Christianity, not a philosophy, but a living, abiding reality, going where we go. It means living in the spirit of Jesus among men, serving as He served men. With all that I have learned of Eastern philosophy and Eastern thought, Jesus remains a figure incomparable, unlike auything that India or any other country has produced. I say that we have failed to bring home as a reality to the people of India, as a reality even to the Mahatma himself, that our Christianity is not merely a creed, but a life lived by faith in the Incarnate God Himself as revealed in Christ.

"Now if we have a messagc, if the Mahatma is to have a message for India, I think it is there. We must be consistent Christians before we can bring home to people of India, to the Mahatma himself, what our religion stands for. And further, I think from what I know of India, that the philosophy of the 'Gita '-much though it may have attraction-and even the great but shadowy personality of Krishna as set forth in the 'Gita,' as a Hindu once told me, will never win and bring to manhood the masses of India. Your Eastern philosophy, even the 'Gita' itself, is without hope for the masses. However much it may appeal to a man like the Mahatma, to the cultivated, philosophic-minded Hindu, I believe that we have a message in the Christian revelation-the concrete personality of God in Christ, the supreme revelation of the divine Fatherly heart-that alone will bring to life and to manhood the millions of India, millions who find nothing in the 'Vedas,' nothing in the 'Gita' itself or in Hindu philosophy. But we know from experience that in living contact with Christ, and in appropriation of Him, they can find their life eternaL"

A Banker's Verdict on Christian

F W. STEVENS is a prominent American business man in the Orient whose headquarters were in Peking while he repre- • sented international banking interests negotiating for the Consortium loan authorized at the Paris Peace Conference. He had time to study China, with unique opportunities to see the inside, and to study conditions with the eyes and mind of a hard-headed American banker.

When Mr. Stevens addressed the faculty and students, of the Peking Union Medical College all Peking took notice and the Peking Express carried a report of it in full. Having evidently been stirred up by anti-religious agitation the speaker devoted his attention to religion as a factor in the development of China, and rendered a clear-cut tribute to the work of the Christian missions.

"I do not speak as a religious man, only as an American business man who has become deeply interested in China. My remarks will be the first 1 have ever made upon a religious subject," said Mr. Stevens.

After discussing the place of religion in the life of any nation~ Mr. Stevens turned to Christian missions and said: "Now and then 1 hear reputable foreigners in China-I am not now speaking of the excessively intellectual class-express the opin. ion that the Christian missions are not helping China. The Christian missionaries have long been about this, I am told, but have allowed the statements to go largely unnoticed. Perhaps it is time that something be said by laymen on the subject.

"These remarks are made by people not particularly interested in nor familiar with mission work. They have not investigated and they draw conclusions from misinformation. ·When I hear a man express such an opinion, I want to be a lawyer again and have the privilege of asking him questions. 1 want to ask him: "What do you really know about the work of the Christian missions in China?

"How many of their twenty-four Y. M. C. A. city centers or their twelve Y. W. C. 4-. centers and eighty student associations, how many of their many schools, academies, colleges and universities, workshops and hospitals, churches and Sunday-schools and other places of activity have you investigated or even visited?

"With how many Christian missionaries themselves have you talked seriously about their work Y Or with how many Chinese who know about such activities 1 "Have you read any issue of the China Mission Year Book that tells about them!

"Do you know what is being done in the cities of China through homes for boys and homes for girls, and otherwise, by the Salvation .Army, a great and worthy Christian missionary organization'

39

"Do you know of anything more repulsive than Chinese beggar women and do you know that it is educated, genteel Christian missionary women who are little by little getting them and their children off the streets, cleaning them and getting them into self-supporting condition?

"Do you know that about 80 per cent of the Chinese people are farmers; with about 50,000,000 farm holding; that they are backward in methods; that their position in respect to adequate food supply and articles to be sold in foreign markets is threatened; that about 85 per cent of China's exports are products of the soil; and that Christian mission institutions are doing nearly all that is being done at all for their economic as well as their spiritual and social welfare.

"Do you know a single thing about the importance of agriculture in the yearly program of the missionary organizations-about soil fertility, plant diseases, seed selection, animal husbandry, as they relate to Christian missionary efforts in China T Do you know of the misAionary work in sanitation and health promotion, or in helping to rid China of the awful narcotic curse'

"Do you know that there are about 236,000 Chinese children in missionary day schools, not counting the 190,000 in ihe Roman Catholic schools, and that most of them would have no schooling but for the missionary schools'

"Do you know that the Chinese modern system of education in China began with the work of the Chinese mission teachers, and that modern medicine was mediated to China by the Christian medical missionaries Y "Do you know that China was devoid of anything resembling modern hospitals and trained nurses until they resulted from missionary effort; and that now there are over 300 mission hospitals in China, nearly 100 of which are conducted on approximately ~odern standards with up-to-date equipment and nursing; and that there are few cities in China having even one such Chinese hospital which is of non-missionary origin 7 "Do you know that although leprosy has existed in China from time immemorial and there are now estimated to be 400,000 in China, the first leper hospital or asylum was established by a missionary society ~ "Do you know that there was never in China a hospital. or asylum for the insane until one was provided by missionaries'

"Do you know the missionary type' Do you know with what respect and confidence the people within the range of the missions have come to regard the missionaries; and that they are advisers and friends to the whole community in all kinds of troublef "Have you some better way than. the one followed by the Christian missionaries for implanting into the minds of the Chinese masses ideas of right living that will help uplift China'

, 'Do you know of a single organized activity in China, on a scale of importance, that aims at moral improvement or that is calculated to bring it about, and that is not traceable in its origin to the Christian missions f "Careless talkers with little or no learning about Christian mis- sion work in China, go home, and, wishing to seem wise on all things pertaining to China, express their opinions about the ineffective- ness of the Christian missions. It is a common mistake in foreign lands to regard all former residents of China as oracles upon all matters pertaining to China and the Chinese; while in fact there are hundreds of foreigners in China who are as ignorant of the real facts about Christian missions in China as if they had never come to China." ,..

• From The ChriBtia-n Advooate.

"LITTLE MOTHERS" WITH THEIR SMALL

Life of Women and Children in North Siam BY HAZEL E. HANNA, SAN ANSELMO, CALIFORNIA Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions " And Jesus answered and said, 'Verily I say unto you, There is no man that hath left house, or brethren, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or lands, for my sake, and the gospel's, but he shall receive an hundred-fold now in this time, houses, and brethren, and sisters, and mothers, and children, and lands, with persecution; and in the world to come eternal life. ' "

This sounds like a 10,000% investment. Starting to Siam twelve years ago I did not go in a mercenary spirit. I did not take this promise, at least the part concerning this world, at all seriously. But as the years passed and I began to count my increasing wealth, and rejoice over it, I found that it was being fulfilled literally. It is about my hundred mothers, my two hundred grandmothers, and my several hundred children that I wish to write ; also of some of the many thousands whom I still long to possess in the close fellowship of the family of Jesus Christ.

Daily contact with the women and children of the Lao, or Northern Siamese, shows that each woman or child is an individual even as one's mother or sister is distinct, and that each one is just as important to Christ as any other woman or child. It is only people whom we do not know intimately that we describe in general terms.

There are, however, certain groupings and classifications which we may make. In Siam, as through all the world, there are the two great divisions-the saved and the unsaved; those who may be our friends in this life only, and those others who are bound to us by ties 41

that eternity itself shall not sever. There are also the city women, and the country women; the rich and the poor. To the new-comer they all look alike, but after a few months of daily contact one learns to distinguish the faces of friends, and to discern the points of Oriental beauty. There are even those who attract us because of their resemblance to some far-away friend in America.

Within,rts own borders Siam is known as "Muang Tai" or "Land of the Free. " ' The freedom does not extend to the men only. Woman holds a position to be envied by the women of any other non-Christian land. Though she does not receive the respect and religious equality that is enjoyed by women of Christian lands, still she is neither shut away in a harem nor compelled to veil her face in public; nor is she the 'slave of her husband. She has liberty to come and go. A man evangelist may teach her, or a man doctor may care for her in illness. She holds the faimly purse and may buy and sell, make contracts, and own land.

When a tiny brown baby girl is born in the little bamboo house in the jungle village or in the rambling tropical city, she is just as welcome as if she were a boy. There is an economic reason back of this. When a girl marries she does not go to the house of her husband's people. The husband comes to live for at least a year with the family of his bride. He gives gifts, and helps to support the family. The man with several marriageable daughters is quite to be envied, for even after the bride and groom have gone to a little bamboo home of their own they will continue to help her parents. So the baby girl is welcome and her father carries her about the street as proudly as if she Were a son.

In a good family, a girl's training in the social graces begins very early. Long before she can walk she is taught to make a proper bow. As soon as she sits up well she is taught to arrange her chubby feet properly so that the soles of her feet are not indecently exposed. Her fingers, arms and legs are frequently stretched so that she will become graceful and supple, even to the point of double jointedness. After her daily bath she is covered with dots of powder, sometimes white, sometimes yellow. A tiny pair of anklets, a wee bracelet, and sometimes a necklace and other jewelry, are put on her as soon as she can walk. Her grandmother ties a spirit string around each wrist, and a charm about her neck, to keep her little spirit from leaving her, or another spirit from entering. This is the business of grandmothers. But she is very little troubled with clothing until she is four or five years old. Her hair is done up in a smooth tight top-knot, which her mother does over dozens of times each day.

When a little girl reaches the age when her mother thinks clothes would be becoming, a tiny short bodice is made for her, of gay foreign material or, if she lives far from a city, of coarse white homespun cotton. The sewing is done very crudely with a coarse rusty needle.

LIFE OF WOMEN AND CIllLDREN IN. NOR'l'R SIAM

In the absence of scissors a sharp Imife is used to cut out the pattern; when it is finished (except the sewing on of the buttons), it is dipped into the indigo pots of the village dye woman, and comes out a lovely dark blue. Perhaps the buttons are sewed on, and perhaps they are not, so that the little bodice gaps widely down the front. On the crude heavy loom under the house the mother weaves a little skirt with many bright stripes in it. It is a straight piece with the ends sewed together and the stripes running around. The extra width is folded across the abdomen, and knotted. Little girls spend a great deal of time readjusting these knots. Perhaps that is the reason that one-piece American dresses and rompers are becoming popular ill the cities. The costume for a woman is the same from babyhood to old age, though there is endless variety in the color combinations and the cut·and trimmings of the bodice.

The Lao woman is usually quite clean. She bathes every day, either in a stream or pouring the water over herself with a cocoanut-shell dipper. A skirt is worn during the bath, it being an outdoor sport, and a fresh one pui on afterward. Soap and towels are considered a great luxury, and are almost unheard of except in cities. The Lao girl blackens her teeth with pitch from a certain WHERE WOMEN ACQt1lRED 1'HE HABIT tree, shining ebony being pre- ferred to gleaming iv.ory. The constant use of tobacco and hetel nut make teeth very dark brown, for a picture of a Lao woman is not complete without a cigarette or a large mouthful of betel or pickled tea leaf. These filthy hahits often begin before the child is weaned.

She stops nursing occasionally to receive a puff from her mother's cigarette. .

Housework in North Siam is not burdensome, and has the advantage of being done mostly in the open air. The house is ordinarily a square structure of bamboo, built up on posts, and reached by a ladder. The roof is of thatch or leaf. 'L'here is a sleeping room; a large, partly covered veranda, and a small lean-to kitchen. The :tire is made on a box of earth, and the smoke finds its way out through the roof. One or two curry pots and a wooden rice steamer, a knife, a large brass spoon, and perhaps a few bowls comprise th,e , ki~ch~D,

utensils. The water pots are kept in a shaded rock nook on the veranda and are filled several times a day. Buckets are hung from the ends of a flexible bamboo pole, which is carried on the shoulder. The women are very skillful in carrying water up the rickety ladder without spilling it. All burdens are carried in this way, and very graceful, erect carriage is the result. The rice, which is of a different variety from that used in America, is soaked over night, steamed in the morning, and put away in covered baskets to be used as the principle article of diet through the day. A few vegetables, partly cooked, some tiny dried fish or roasted frogs, or perhaps only a sauce made of red peppers, is eaten with the rice. In the cities where there is a better market, the people have a much greater variety of food, and a great deal of imported canned goods is being used. One of the problems of the missionary is to teach the Christian people to raise more fruit and vegetables, and to cook them properly. At meal time the family gathers together, sitting on the floor, about the curry pot or bowl. Each one takes a handful of rice from the basket and rolls up a large mouthful into a hard gluey ball. This is dipped into the curry or pepper water, and put into the mouth and is very slightly chewed. The meal is soon over and the two or three utensils washed in cold water and left to dry of themselves. Betel nut, pickled tea leaves, or cigarettes, taken at frequent intervals during the day try to make up for the deficiencies in diet, and their vicious effects are seen in the weak bodies, hearts, and nerves of the people.

Each member of the family sleeps on a small cotton mattress and a very hard pillow. Mosquito nets are suspended over these, for the mosquitoes are very numerous and malaria is a constant visitor. After breakfast the nets are pulled up, the mats and mattresses straightened and the few blankets folded. A quick brush with a soft grass broom scatters the dirt down the numerous cracks that are indispensable in Lao housekeeping. In cases where the family is sufficiently well to do to have a floor of real boards, a square is cut in one board; which may be lifted up to sweep the dirt down, and to use as a spittoon. When a green girl from the village comes to take service with the missionary it is a very serious problem-what to do with the sweepings. I have seen one sweep it all to one side of a room, then finding no crack to sweep it down, sweep it back across two rooms and a veranda, and over the edge. Especially in the city, where the people come in more constant contact with the missionary, the houses are better built, and the whole plan of living is on a much higher scale. But there are still the thousands of villages where life goes on much the same as it did centuries ago, and where the Gospel of Jesus Christ is still unknown.

After the indoor work is done there is the rice to be beaten out for the next day's food. The unhulled rice is put into a hollowed-out stump, over which a heavy weight is raised and lowered by the wom-

LIFE OF WOMEN Al'J) CHILDREN IN NORTH SIAM

an, who jumps up and down on the end of a long lever till the hulls are loosened. She then tosses the rice from a tray-like basket in skillful manner so that the chaff flies away.

Then there is the little garden to be tended, and the cotton to be prepared and woven. When she has a little leisure, there is nothing more enjoyable than a fishing trip to some mud hole or stream. When the river rises the women have fishing parties, about twenty women each with a hand net, forming a line across the stream, and fishing up the river. Going to market is another joy for the love of a bargain seems to be deep in the heart of every woman. She will walk many miles to trade a small basketful of peppers, salt, red ant eggs, greens, waLer jars, or rice.

The care of little children demands a large part of the mother's time. A very young child sleeps in the mother's arms, and day or night, whenever he cries, he is fed. After six weeks the mother or some other person chews up rice and bananas and puts them in the infant's mouth.

As he begins to creep he demands constant watching lest he fall from the veranda, and much of the mother's work is done with a baby on her hip. The older chil- dren are set to watch the younger and it is very difficult to keep little ; CHRISTIAN GIRLS IN NORTH SIAM girls in school. Even after it walks a little child is constantly guarded from snakes, scorpions, ,stinging ants, mosquitoes, and mad dogs. The mothers try to make 'up for thiJir ignorance by their affection, and the children are fre- quently badly spoiled..

. Should a woman die in childbirth, there is very slight chance for the child 'g surviving long. Everyone fears to take the helpless in- fant for iear the spirit of the mother should be jealous and work evil. The body of the mother is taken from the, house through a hole cut in the floor for that purpose; the hole is at once securely closed so that when the spirit comes back it cannot ;fiild ;tJie. way in. The husband runs to the nearest temple and dons the yellow robes of priesthood for a season, so .•1!hat the spirit of his wife willilot recogni~e him and lead him away.to the spirit world. . v Ttook care of one child for eleven months, because the mother had died and, as my nurse-maid said, "He is such a nice fat baby it is a

shame to let him die." He ·was sixteen hours old when I took him, and he had already had a very cold bath and a meal of rice. He soon learned to prefer milk, and to wear the left-over clothing of my own three babies. "¥hen I saw him last he was a healthy two-year-old ohild, adopted by a fine Christian family. We hope that some day, through him, we may gain his father and his five brothers and sisters for Christ.

As the non-Christian woman grows older, there seems to be a hardening and darkening of the face. She grows more regular in her temple attendance, in her' gifts to the priests, and in her offerings to the spirits. She looks forward to the time coming when she must go out into the great dark pl~ce of wandering souls, and when her children will make regular offerings to feed her spirit after she has gone. Stubbornly she clings to the traditions of her ancestors and the merit she has been laying up for herself all her life. Her ears are open to the teaching of the Gospel, but her heart is so full of the rags of her 0Wll. righteousness that there is no room for the shining robes that Chtist offers her.

How vastly different are the old women of our Christian community! Their faces shiue with the light of love, and their minds are alert to learn new truths out of the "Vord of God. Even in old age many have been persuaded to begin to learn to read. They, too, are regular intelllple service, but it is the temple of the Living God. To these ""omen death comes as a welcome home going and a reunion with loved ·ones· gone on before. God grant that the day may soon come when niany more of these dear brown sisters of ours in Siam may know tlie joy of the Lord.

MBTHODS

iii 4 =¥ SA WS EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBURG BLDO., PHILADELPHIA, PA.

OBJECTS AND METHODS FOR Objects for specific missionary giv- SPECIFIC GIFTS ing are of three general types. Things, By REv. GEORGE H. TaULL as already described, persons, and Secretary for Specific Work, Board of localized activities. A missionary, Foreign Missions of the Presby- home or foreign, goes out from a cer- terian Church in the U. S. A. tain church. He is Missionary Spirit Would you rather give your money and Consecration personified. He is toward an outfit for Willie Jones, or real, personal, concrete flesh and bone.

for a hat, suit, shoes, and overcoat, Supporters can visualize him long which comprise the outfit required- after he has departed for his field.

said Willie Jones being your son and Every letter from him refreshes their heid W ouIa you prefer to give to a memories with his buoyant person- general Christmas fund, or provide ality. They can see him move among one hundred boxes of candy for a par- his patients in the hospital ward, and ticular mission school Y Some people are quickened as they read of his trip are prepared to give a total sum for thirty miles on mule back through the equipment of a hospital requiring tropical forest at night to see an $1,000 or $5,000 and not bother with urgent ease, losing the trail in the details. Others, however, do not re- darkness and returning to his station act to "equipment," but enthuse over to find scores of sick and needy wait- a sterilizer $300, microscope $125, ing for him.

operating table $100, autoclave $100, The individual native worker, or the incubator $25, and forward the particular pupil in the foreign field, money. should not he assigned for support by Most people respond to stimuli American donors. Long experience in which produce a rich association of attempting such connections by the ideas. "Fatehgarh, Industrial School Foreign Mission Boards has proved it Equipment," to most minds connotes impracticable, unwise, prejudicial to little and carries no challenge; where- the best interests of the beneficiaries, as "Ponte Nova, farm machinery- and administratively impossible on plow, disc harrow, corn planter, cul- any large scale. The alternative is tivator, wagon, ensilage cutter," may application of money, equivalent to paint a picture of definite needs that the approximate support of such an is associated with the experience of individual, to a particular mission boyhood days on the farm, and create station in which are located pupils or a sympathetic emotion and the deter- native workers of the type that enlist mination to provide one of the imple- the interest of the American donor.

ments needed. Or gifts to a scholarship fund in a Girl power washing clothes in the particular mission or station, or sup- cold water of a river far removed port of localized evangelistic, educa- from the school buildings at Castro, tional or medical work, are possibili- Brazil, is an argument for a pipe line ties. Even better is it to designate and plumbing which can be under- gifts to a mission station, which offers stood by any person using modern the donor opportunity to support not necessities for wash day in Columbus, merely a particular bit of mission Ohio. work, but the big challenging, com- 47

prehensive task in all its varied ac- In missions just as in many other tivity at one definite center. forms of philanthropic and benevolent work, penple who contribute like to GIFTS FOR SPEVIFIV PURPOSES know what their money is doing. A A. E. CHENOWETH person who supports a preacher or teacher 0,1' student thinks nf his rep- Secretary, Department of Designated In· resentative on the nther side of the come, Board of Foreign Missions of world as wo.rking for Christ while the the Methodist Episcopal Church Gifts for specific purposes are called giver sleeps. He prays for his repby various names by the several resentative. Often he sends extra per- Boards, such as Special Gifts, Desig- sonal gifts to provide bnoks or clothnated Gifts, Station Plan, Parish ing. He receives pictures and letters. Abroad Plan, Share Plan, etc- But He becomes interested in the mission in each case the plan consists in the country and people, and reads literaapplication nf specific amnunts con- ture about that country and its people. tributed by individuals, churches, or The person supported also becomes inorganizations in churches, to, specific terested in the country and people purpnses in the foreign field. from which his support is coming.

Special Gifts, Designated Gifts, 0,1' There is, therefore, a process of eduby whatever name they are called, are catinn and development of sympathy gifts to be used for specific items lIS a and interest 'which affects both giver preacher, teacher, nurse, student, etc. ; and receiver.

or fnr definite property needs, as a There should not be any attempt to church nr chapel, a schnol, a dispen- obtain gifts for specific purposes. from sary, a residence fnr a missionary or reluctant donors by an over·emphasis a natinnal worker, 0,1' for equipment of some urgent emotional appeal. lor church, school, hnspital or other There must be a genuine desire on the bUilding. This type nf giving is at- part of the donor to help meet a real tractive to individuals. need. Do not make appeals but tell Gifts on the Parish Abrnad Plan, the story of the needs, and the oppor· tunities for investing some of the the Statinn Plan, the Share Plan, ek, are more nften made by churches, 0,1' Lord's money in ways that will result classes 0,1' organizatinns within a in bringing more abundant life– church to, whnm are assigned shares of physical, mental, and spiritual-to $25, $50, $100, or mnre, in the regular people who thrnugh no fault of their running expenses of a statinn, schnnl, own have been born into, unfavorable hospital 0,1' other unit of wnrk. On cnnditions. The need and the oppnrthe part of the church the regular giv- tunity will make their own appeal. ing, or a part of the giving, may be Usually when followers of Christ see cnnnected with the regular expenses and realize the need they are eager to respond with their gifts. nf the unit nf wnrk nn the field.

From the standpnint nf the Board Memorial buildings offer a very at- 0,1' organization administering the tractive proposition to those who work it would probably be more de- want to, do something inmemory of a sirable if funds were provided in suf- loved nne and at the same time help ficient amnunt to, care fnr the needs in making brighter and better the without specific designation of indi- lives nf less fortunate people in mis- vidual contributions. But such sion lands. Those who provide such amount is nnt provided, and as in- memorial buildings may have pictures dividual dnnors and organizations de- of the buildings and receive regular sire to, give for specific purposes roost reports nf the wnrk being done. A of the Boards are glad to receive such memorial tablet may be placed on the gifts even though there are snme diffi- building, and thus the example of culties that are inherent in the ad- commemorating lives in loving service ministration of them. will thrnugh the years influence the

BES.'!' METHODS

lives of all who are helped in their zation, and involves some expense, growth and development by the Chris- especially when one Board receives tian ministries carried on in the build- gifts from many thousands of in- ing. Often those who have given ex- dividuals during the year, and the pression to their love in this way have gifts, usually not large, total more visited mission lands and have had than a million dollars during the year.

the joy of seeing the memorial build- But the experience of the Boards ings and the still greater joy of seeing which have tried to handle the matter the lives which have been transformed in a sympathetic manner has shown as a direct result of the gifts. that many people will give for specific Many who support workers, stu- purposes, and that churches receive dents, or other persons, desiring that inspiration and larger vision from a their influence may live after them, vital connection with a particular establish permanent funds by deposit- unit or task.

ing with the Board an amount to be invested, the income of which is to be A YEAR'S WORLD PROGRAM FOR A SUNDAY SOHOOL used perpetually to support a worker, or to provide a scholarship for a boy Court Street Methodist Church, or girl or for a theological student. Lynchburg, Virginia, has a good The income oj a fund of $1,000 will world program and is training its provide a scholarship, while the in- Sunday-school to enter fully into the come on $2,000 to $4,000 will support missionary activities of the church. a preacher or teacher in most mission Three volunteers from the Sundaylands. And such a permanent fund school are now working in foreign established with any of the regular mission fields. Their pictures hang Church Boards will continue its on the walls of the Sunday-school beneficent work down through the auditorium. and beside them is an years so long as the Board shall last. empty frame silently calling for the Some Boards have already been in fourth volunteer. existence more than a hundred years. Recently the full world program The experience of the Methodist was presented at a Sunday-school ses- Episcopal Board, is that the income sion and later at the evening service from Designated Gifts and on the in the church.

Parish Abroad Plan continues more The leader introduced the program stable and constant than undesignated by saying: "Have you ever had a giving. But sympathetic attention dream come true 1 I am going to tell must be given to the whole proposi- you today of two dreams of the Mis- tion. It will not work automatically. sionary Committee of Court Street Returned! missionaries, church papers, Sunday-school. The first dream was and missionary speakers must con- that some day our Sunday-sehool tinually tell the story of needs and might have a world program. Our opportunities. Reports, letters and Mission Board has eleven fields. We pictures must come from the mission- dreamed of having some special work aries for the donors. Careful and a~­ in each of those tields and wrote to curate records must be kept so that our Board Headquarters in Nashville full information about any gift and asking for such a plan. In response correspondence about it may bc we received an outline of a real world quickly found when wanted. Donors program for our school, which was often need to be tactfully reminded accepted by our officers and teachers, when payments are due. Missionaries and put into operation by our school.

need full info.rmation about each gift, Our first dream has come true and and also need constant reminders now we present to you the world pro- about sending letters and reports at gram of Court Street Church."

regular intervals: At this point the attention of the All of this requires system, organi- audience was directed to a large wall 4

map of the world which had been fit- was founded in 1889 by Bishop Lamted with electric bulbs placed to rep- beth, and while it began in a very "esent the location of each missionary small way it is now one of the largest or station. As the speaker proceeded Christian schools in Japan. Some of the lights were turned on one after you remember Bishop Usake who the other to indicate the work being visited our Sunday-school. He is a done. graduate of Kwansei Gakuin. Our student's name is M. Shiomi. First and best of all, our Sundayschool has three flesh and blood rep- We have gone on to Cuba in our resentatives in the foreign mission world program. The church of the field. In Africa is Frank Johnson Cuban pastor, Rev. Constantine Gon- Gillian back for the second time at zales, to whose support we contributed his station after spending eighteen last year, has become self-supporting months at home studying and enlist- and we have taken, for this year, paring volunteers to take up work along tial support of Rev. Sterling August educational lines, and Dr. Charles P. Neblett, who is a fine and experienced Sheffey who has recently been elected missionary and has been working in Superintendent of the Mission at Cuba for ten years. He is editor of Nyama: the conference periodieal and super- intendent of Sunday-school work, In Manchuria, too, we have our and serves also as pastor in Havana. flesh and blood missionary, Miss Constance Rumbough, who has been in her In Mexico we are working through field about two years teaching, doing our gift of $155.00 for the support of social service work and caring for our evangelist, Senorita Maria I. orphan children. Oaxacca, Bellaze Circuit, Parral Dis- trict, Mexico. Our missionaries write The light shines also in Brazil. that, inasmuch as Mexico celebrated Last year we had Mr. Al Staton, who her fifty-year Jubilee last year, the had to return to North America on opportunities are greater now than account of his health, so this year we ever before. have given $150 on the support of Dr. W. H. Moore at Granberry Col- 'On our walls is the picture of a lege. boy in a Children's Home in Warsaw, Poland. Our greatest relief work has Now we go on to Korea with four been done in Poland. Our Sundayshares of $25.00 each in the country school is giving $100 a year to make clinics in the Choon Chun District. possible a home, food. care, and educa- Dr. Phillip Hill who is in charge of tion for this boy. these clinics visited our church last year and described in a most inter- In Czecho-Slovakia we are paying esting way his work for both children $75.00 on the support of Rev. Fredand grown ups. SometImes the clinics erick Wagner, colporteur and pastor. are conducted in the country though He discarded Romanism in his youth. they are at the hospital whenever pos- While he was in the trenches during sible. the World War some one gave him a Testament. As he read it he promised Last year we had a day school at God that if his life were spared he Huchow as our special work in China. would give it in service to Him. His The school has been discontinued by work in distributing Bibles and our Board but we are glad to know preaching the living Gospel has been it is being carried on by native Chris- especially successful. tians. Our gift to China this year has been $70.00 toward the support of Dr. In Belgium we are helping to sup- Li, a Chinese doctor in Soochow Hos- port colporteurs and evangelists by a pitaL gift of $75.00 a year.

In .Tapan we have a ministerial Now if you are quick at figures you scholarship of $125.00 in our school at know by this time that our SundlJ,y- Kobe. This school, Kwansei Gakuin, school has pledged $] ,000 for our

BEST METHODS

world program. Divided by twelve various fields, the volunteers were in- we have gifts of $85.00 a month troduced. 'l'hey flung out their chal- needed to carry out this program. lenge, •• Our Lives Against Your When our pledges are met up to date Money," and held it before the audi- the lights on our map shine brightly ence until one after another of the at each session of the Sunday-school. laymen, singly or in groups, answered If the pledges are unpaid we see a the challenge with pledges sufficient dark map until we bring them up to to send the volunteers to the needy date. Weare thankful that only once fields which waited their coming. has our school faced a dark map. In addition to the missionary offerings I< I< I< of our congregation whiCh amount to more than $6,000 a year, and thE Working in Two Parish"lI offerings of the Women's Missionary Society, our Sunday-school can readily A young pastor took charge of his meet its obligations for its world pro- first parish. The geography of his gram if we remember to give a little life had ended far short of his dreams more than we have been giving and as and expectations. He had thought to S. D. Gordon says, "Add to your bit serve in some far mission field. In- of money a bit of prayer." stead of an ocean voyage a short train journey only was required to bring Now our second dream is that some him to the home mission field in a day we may have a flesh and blood coal-mining section, to which he had representative from our church in been called. Instead of missing his each of our eleven fields, and some of opportunity he doubled it. With Liv- you may help this second dream to ingstone he discovered that" The end come true. of the geographical feat is the begin- ning of the missionary enterprise." SUCCESSFUL EXPERIMENTS IN It seemed that the end of the geo- DESIGNATED GIVING graphical feat of his life was within a few miles of his birthplace, but it was . Actual experiences of individuals who have only the beginning of his missionary made special gifts, or who have enlisted enterprise. There was no doubt of the the interest of other gi'Jers, contain need and opportunity. in his own . many best method .•uggestions. parish and its outlying territory. As he met that he said to his people, "I "Our Lives Against Your Money. " can't be satisfied about not being in The words printed in letters clear the foreign field unless I know there enough to be read by everyone in the is some one else there whose work I great auditorium were flung out to a am helping to make possible." convention having an attendance of more than a thousand men. Quietly, earnestly and persistently he kept the subject before his people The streamer with its challenge was until the support of a second pastor held aloft by about a score of young was assumed for a foreign mission men and women who were volunteers parish. for missionary service but who were detained at home because there was no I< .. I< money with which to send them out. Opening Up a Foreign Branch Ofllce A wise committee, realizing that some expenditure of money is fre- ,. Why don't you extend your busiquently a requisite for obtaining more ness and open up a branch office in money, paid the expenses of these some foreign land Y" said the mission volunteers that they might attend this secretary to the man of big business. convention and present their own challenge. "Oh, we have a number of foreign offices," replied the man of big busi- After a genuine interest had been neSS. awakened by a .program presenting the call of God and the needs of the " Anything in Korea?" was the next question,-"I mean anything in the line of your Father's business. "

Then in a way that challenged the tax levied by designing officers of man of great affairs he told of a new mission station that should be opened synod. up. The result was that he opened up that entire station in Korea providing A young student returning home for all the equipment and the mis- from college arranged for the pres- …… sionaries needed. entation of a series of missionary sub- Giving a Missionary and Supporting jects during a period when the con- Him Too gregation was without a pastor. At In many instances the congregation or Sunday-school or class from which the closing meeting of the series he a missionary goes may be enlisted to support him by girts of money as well proposed that in addition to the regas through constant interest and prayer. ular gifts for missions the support of A young man from South Carolina a native evangelist in Japan should went to Japan. To the Young PeopIe's Society from which he went it be assumed. The amount required was another call of "My LHe Against Your Money." The members who was $1.25 a day. Pledging thirty days stayed at home pledged their gifts to provide his salary and the frequent himself, he asked for volunteers to communications between Japan and South Carolina resulted in deep in- make this worker" my missionary for terest and fine support on the part of South Carolina and a constant en- a day." . couragement and help to the representative in Japan. There were few people present who In another instance a member of a were not earning at least $1.25 a day. Business Woman's Council who accepted a call to home mission work Almost anyone of them would volunin the mountains of North Carolina was supported by the members of her teer to work for one day during the Council who remained at home. year in Japan if the difficulties and When a member of a Sunday-school class was commissioned for service in expense of transportation could be India, the seventeen other members of the class accepted the commission they eliminated. The idea of working a recognized in their own hearts to go with her through prayer and gifts, day or a week through this plan apand assumed her financial support with the promise that through their pealed to them. prayers they would work with her constantly. In rapid succession hands were My Mislionary for a Day raised with pledges for one, two, or This plan is not a new one but it is more days, for a week or two weeks, an effective one. When it was presented in one large and listless rural or a month until they had provided church it suggested a possibility hitherto unheard of. In that con- for the entire year. gregation the apportionment for mis- .. .. .. sions was considered a burdensome An X-ray for India For many years the doctors in charge of a mission hospital in India longed for an X-ray apparatus. At a missionary rally in Chicago one of the doctors who was on furlough men- tioned this need.

There was no begging for help, no impassioned appeal. She simply told of a need and an opportunity. At the close of the meeting a man came to her saying that he was a dealer in X-ray apparatus and would be very glad to donate a machine to her hospital.

The plain statement of facts and needs in meetings, large and small, and to individuals is one of the best of methods for enlisting special gifts.

At Work In Brooklyn, Auo In North Carolina A summer conference; an earnest group of young women delegates; a

statement that a girl from a mountain He Couldn't Stop mission church in North Carolina who In a Southern city lives a man who had never given away any money in had been in college last year would all of his life, that is, anything more than small change which he had in his not be able to return this year unless pocket when the collection plate was passed. some one provided for her expenses; A representative of a Mission Board a pledge from a young business wom- went to talk with him about larger possibilities of giving. He went in fear an of Brooklyn; a bright young girl and trembling, for his prospective host was known among his friends as back in second year in college training a man who would speak his mind on all occasions rather candidly and the for a life of service; a young woman mind that was in him at that time was not a giving mind. going happily to her business knowing To the amazement of the Board repthat she is at work in Brooklyn and resentative the information which he gave concerning the need and the opalso' in North Carolina every day- portunity in the mission field was re- ceived with an interest which seemed that is the sequence in a story of one to increase as he talked. When he 'presented the opportunity of taking • • special gift. • the full support of a missionary, to his great amazement his host said that "Standing By" he would like to do that, and forth- with wrote his check to cover the en- When a missionary started to Korea tire amount necessary for the first years ago an old college friend said, year's work. 'rhat check was written ,,Well, old friend, I won't forget ten years ago, and it has been followed every year by many others. Recently you." this man, who is now recognized as a Throughout the years he sent newsy, generous donor, said, "That man got me started and I can't stop." cheering home letters out to his friend in Korea. He seemed to have a He has contributed liberally to a marvelous way of understanding what splendid new church in a needy part his missionary friend needed most. of his own city, moved his own mem- Money, clothing, and other supplies bership to it and is standing back of followed the letters with an occasional it in every way. Lately he has gone shipment of candy for the missionary into the great business of giving family. During the years that have passed since those days of beginnings mountain boys an education through this donor has grown in wealth and in church schools. Already he has ingiving also. I,ast year he gave to one vested more than $300,000 in the church enterprise $75,000 and this Lord's work, since the writing of that year he has added $100,000 to his first check ten years ago, and now he designated giving. One gift built a is laying all of his plans to invest school in China, another a missionary about $3,000,000 more in the Lord's home in Korea. In the meantime the work. He is trying to sell a skydormitory of a mountain school has scraper and a bank which is housed been erected and many other gifts in it that he may put the proceeds made for designated purposes. from the sale into building Christian character. His own time and energy His right hand has not known what are being devoted to that Christ-like his left hand was doing and scarcely work. Under the process the man himanyone knows him as a generous giver. He has never been impoverished by his large gifts and reminds one always of the man of whom it was said: , 'A man there was, some called him mad, The more he gave the more he had."

He began his giving with small sums very early in life before he had great possessions. Now he is a very wealthy man and his gifts run into hundreds of thousands.

sell' h~s grown toward the full stature books of their own selection. This of Christ. plan preserves the pleasant element of surprise in the gift; insures that only " II " desirable books shall be sent; fur- nishes the books to the missionary at The Solution Offered by a Chicago such times and in such quantities as he can best use them; keeps such a Church for the Book Problem of long list of books before the church- members as to make it possible for It. Foreign Pastor in Korea them to find among them some that are already in their own libraries or One of the great problems of the some books they would love to "j:my missionary's life is how to keep fitphysically, mentally, and spiritually. and read before sending; and builds Nor is keeping fit mentally the least up for the missionary a library that of these three difficulties. The number of those who pursue any syste- is always up-to-date and available for matic method of continued mental de- his own use and the use of other misvelopment from their school days sionaries near him. Thus the gift of throughout life is few in any land, but a book becomes like the "gift of there is perhaps more excuse for the mercy, thrice blessed "-it blesses the neglect when one lives in a foreign donor, the recipient, and all his mismission land where the work is exact- sionary friends who may read it. ing and arduous; the literature such as there is in a foreign tongue; op- Are there not many other churches portunities for stimulating social con- in America that will welcome such a tact very limited; books and maga- chance to be of real service to their zines expensive; and public libraries missionary, and through him to the entirely lacking. In the midst of such work he is doing 1-E:Echange. environment and conditions the missionary must depend largely upon his mLE BOOKS WANTED determined effort in reading and studying good books and magazines, In many places there is a famine of good but even if he has the determination, literature while elsewhere therA is a surplus. and jealously guards his time, he still Idle hooks and unused magazines that clut· has the problem of getting books and tel' shelves in many homes and lihraries, magazines. No one, besides himself, might, with little trouble, be sent to bring is more vitally interested in the well- light and joy and blessing to homes and being of a missionary than the church churches that are in need. A letter from a in America that has undertaken his missionary in the Ozark Mountains, Arkan· support. Here in one place the sas, says: church can help him. "Our little communities have no reading It is common for such churches to matter except an occasional paper or cheap furnish magazines, either new ones or book. If we only bad a few good books to second-hand ones, forwarded after start a cirCUlating library-especially of they have been read, but the Buelll simple, inspirational books-it would be a Memorial Church, of Chicago, Illinois, great boon. No better work could be done during the past year has undertaker for this people." to supply good books in various fields of interest for its missionary in Seoul, Many people in the southern mountains in addition to the magazines it sends. and on the western plains and many Chris· In response to such an offer the mis- tian workers in isolated mission !'Jtations in sionary sends long lists of books that America and in foreign fields have no li· he desires, adding year by year to the braries accessible, and their salaries are too list new books as they come to his at- small to buy books. They need all kinds of tention, and from this list the mem- interesting, helpful literature-biography, bers of the Buena Church send popular science, history, essays, fiction with throughout the year from time to high moral tone, travel and general. religious time, and only in such amounts as the books that stimulate faith and Christian missionary can really read and. digest, living.

If any reader will write a card to the office of the REVIEW, stating the kind of books or papers they have to give away, we will gladly send the addresses of Christian workers to whom such literatur.6 may be sent. .EDITOR;

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MIss ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY CHRISTIAN WOMEN AND THE women who are vitally in touch with the problems. The next hour of the WORLD TODAY session will be spent in full and free discussion of the topic. Among those By GERTRUDE SOHULTZ who will lead in the ,presentation and in the discussion will be the following: The annual meeting of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Mrs. Thomas Nicholson Missions will be held in Vernon !Worn, Mrs. Charles K. Roys Haddon Hall, Atlantic City, January Mrs. Robert E. Speer 10th and 11th. The Executive Com- Mrs. Daniel J. Fleming mittee will meet the afternoon and Miss Mary Dingman (London) evening of January 9th at the same Mrs. Katherine Willard Eddy (Japan) place. The first public meeting will Mrs. J. H. Warnshuis (India) be held Sunday afternoon at 2: 30 Mrs. Frank Gaylord OOok o'clock, with Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn, Miss Margaret Burton President of the Federation, presid- Mrs_ Hm-man Butler ing. The underlying theme of the Dr. William Paton (India) meeting will be: Dr. A. L. Warnshuis.

• A large group of missionaries, Board members and secretaries will be THE SPIRITUAL FELLOWSHIP AND RE- present to help with the discussions.

SOURCES OF CHRISTIAN WOMEN A group of Oriental women will be the guests of the Federation: IN FACING: Miss Tze of China I. The Missionary Enterprise in Miss Grace Yang of China Relation to World Peace. Miss Esther Kantayya of India.

II. The Present Situation in China. The formal reports of the w.ork of III. International Relationships and the Federation will be presented to the Executive Committee so that the Prejudice. business of the Federation may be IV. Industrialism as It Affects the put through rapidly in order to give the time for the discussion of these Work for Women and Chil- very vital world problems. dren. V. The Contribution of Youth to The officers of the Federation feel This Enterprise. that these problems are of such vital importance to the future of all the A whole session will be given to missionary work being done by womeach one of these vitally important en that most serious consideration problems facing Christian women to- should be given to them. The Chrisday. The first forty-five minutes of each session will be given to the presentation of the topic by men and FROM 9: 30 TO 12: 30 SUNDAY MORNING THERE WILL BE HELD A RE- TREAT FOR THE MISSIONARIES, OFFIC'ERS, MEMBERS OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, PRESIDENTS OR CHAIRMEN OF LOCAL FEDERATIONS, NA- TIONALS FROM MANY COUNTRIES, AND ALL P"&RSONS TA"KlN'G PART IN THE PROGRAM. A CORDIAL INVITATION IS EXTENDED TO THE OFFICERS, MISSION- ARIES AND SPEAKERS ON THE PROGRAM OF THE FOREIGN MISSIONARY CON- FERENCE, WHICH FOLLOWS IMMEDIATELY ON THE CLOSE OF THE MEETINGS OF THE FEDERATION OF WOMEN'S FOREIGN BOARDS OF NORTH AMERIC'A.

55

t.ian women of the world are facing mean real progress in the advance- TREMENDOUS OPPORTUNITIES and rtl- ment of Christ's Kingdom. sponsibilities; only as they unitedly face these problems can real results The result of this meeting should be achieved. Toget.her these repre- be far reaching, for the recommenda- tions of the Findings Committee will sentatives of the Christian women of be sent to all local Federations and the Occident and the Orient will face to every mission Board for consideranot only the problems, but the great tion and action. Every Christian woman who can possibly arrange to undeveloped SPIRITUAL RESOURCES be at Atlantic City for these days is available for the solution of these urged to be present. problems. Such a meeting should JOINT HOME AND FOREIGN MISSION PLANS SUGGESTED PROGRAMS FOR A possible. Have a roll-call or pro- YOUNG PEOPLE'S MEETING cessional. 10. Have plenty of ushers, leaders of under the auspices of a music and good ventilation. 11. Do not take a collection, but make WOMEN'S CHURCH: AND M:!SSJONA.R.Y plans to follow up the meeting with FFDElLATION a service project which will appeal to the young people; and stimulate These programs are suggestive merely and may a >desire to give. be adapted to suit the spec.ifio community. The II. Meeting. two may be cO!llbined if desirable. 1. Procession."l hymn-I IWe march, Suggested Program Number One we march to victory.'"

1. Preparation for the meeting. 2. Scripture reading in unison-Psalm 1 or Psalm 103. 1. Invite cooperation of city officers S. Prayer, closing with the Lord's of Young Men's Christian Associa- Prayer. tion, Young Women's Christian As- sociation, Young People's Union, 4. Brief introductory word from the Christian Endeavor, E p w 0 r t h Women's Federatbn, expressing the League, Guilds, etc., calling a meet- interest of the church in youth, the ing of such officers for help in ar- need for the cooperation of young ranging date, methods of promo- people in all religious problems, tion, and suggestions for the pro- and the desire to have the help of gram. Have a responsible chairman the young people of the community_ chosen by this group to work with the Federation's committee, as well 5. Theme of meeting: "Our Town- as members to serve on the various Our Part In It. n committees of arrangements for the meeting. USE YOu;N"G PEOPLE A. Speech-"What a fine town we have," by the Mayor or some TO HELP PLAN THE MEE1l'ING AND other public official.

PR.OMOTE IT. B. Some questions-" Is there any- thing that could be better in our 2. Begin preparations a long time in town among the unprivileged advance. groups r" (These could be 3. Plan the meeting for and with given by a number of people, each outlining briefly a com- young people, and not about young munity problem.) people. • .C. Answers from young people themselves. Brief talks giving 3. Be willing to try experiments in some way to meet each of the problems outlined under B. arrangement of church or hall, D. "What can we do to helpf" Practical Buggestions either by music, program, etc. one person or by many, or free discussion, if possible. 5. Divide up the work of preparation, E. Summary of discussion, and challenge to youth to find the but hold frequent meetings to re- way of Christ for the solution of the problems in question. ceive reports and cheek up on the (Brief talk by a church leader of young people_) progress made. F. Hymn. G. Prayer. 6. Enlist the cooperation of the pas- tors, and form prayer groups of those interested in young people.

7. Use all denominational agencies for pUblicity and promotion_ 8. Have posters displayed in all churches, with full information as to date, place, program and ar- rangements_ 9. Provide for group seating and sing- ing, with banners or standards, if

WOMAN '8 HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETINS

III. Other themes for such a meeting. organization, closing with the Mizpah Benediction led by the Chairman. 1. What young people arc doing in other lands. FOOT~OTE ~ Be sure your facts are up-to-date. Procure the latest information from the head.. 2. Debate on religious education and quarters of the various denominations. the best methods of securing it. STANDARDS FOR CONFERENCES 3. Poster contest on mission studY AND SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS textbooks and address by sOln'e missionary author on the "Power Affiliated with the of Missionary Books." COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR 4. Summer prog~ams, conferences, etc., HOME MISSIONS and what they offer to young peo· pIe. Opportunities for summer and the service. FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S 5. The race problem in our country BOARDS OF FOREIGN AlIS- and in the eommunity in which we SIONS OF NORTH live. Can we :find a Christian solu· AMERICA tion, and how can we as young peo· pIe have a share in iH (Discussion Affiliation based on a preliminary survey of the race problem in the community, An interdenominational Confer- and, the contribution which each ence or School of Missions which has race is making to the life of the three or more cooperating denomina- town.) tions whose Women's Boards are Con- stituent Boards of the Council of 6. A study of the signi:ficance of stu· Women for Home Missions may be- dent movements in Europe, India, come affiliated with the Council upon China, Japan, and the United recommendation of the Committee on States, in their bearing upon pres· Schools of Missions. ent international problems. What would be the effect of a world·wide An interdenominational Confer- movement of. Christian young peo· ence or School of Missions which has pIe to change or improve interna' three or more cooperating .denomina- tional relations f tions whose Women's Boards are affiliated with the Federation of 7. What is the responsihility of the Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions young people of today in the move· may become affiliated with the Fed- ment for international peace Y eration upon recommendation of the Committee on Conferences and Suggested Program Number Two Schools of Missions.

1. "Fling Out the Banner." Processional For affiliation with the Council and carrying Christian flags and flag or pen· Federation, application should be nant of each organization. made to the headquarters of each or- ganization. 2. Scripture Reading-Psalm 67. 3. Prayer. Committees of the Federation and 4. Greetings by the President of the Feder· Council ation. The Committees of the Council and 5. Theme: ' 'What Christian Young People Federation have for their purpose the rendering of every possible service Are Doing in Other Lands." to the Schools in their efforts toward bringing the sessions to the highest a. A Symposium, each country presente.l point of efficiency, by suggesting by a chosen perSOIL from the respective teachers and leaders upon request, organizations. and by aiding in the advancement of all the interests of the SchooL What Christian Young People are do· ing in Each School is entirely independ- (1) Europe (4) India ent in the management of its meetings (2) China (5) Africa (3) Japan (6) Latin America (10 minutes each. Chairman keep each within time limit.) Or an address on this subject if someone who is really informed can be secured. A missionary Play be available.

b. Song-" 0 Zion Haste."

c. What are the great tasks which Amer· ican, European and Oriental youth must carry through together to pro· duce a truly ,Christian world' (Ad. dress or discussion.) d. Short prayers by one chosen from each

and in the preparation of its pro- tbe Dean, the records of regisgram. tration by classes. (6) Lectures or Addresses: Appropriation Popular presentation of mis- When a School affiliated with the sions. Council needs financial assistance for (7) Time: the purpose of securing a teacher for the home mission textbook, the Coun- Five days, not including Suncil will grant $50 per year upon re- day. quest, this assistance to be maintained for a period not to exceed three years. 2. Maximum: (1) Committee: Conferences and Sr;hool of Missions The managing Board or Com- mittee to be composed of repre- I. Objectives: sentatives from at least three evangelical denominations, ap- Training leaders for tbe missionary pro- pointed or approved by tbeir re- gram of tbe Church. spective Boards. (2) Bible Study: Promoting intelligent Bible study. At least four courses helpful Developing missionary technique. in developing the spiritual life Developing cooperation among women of •the individual and in pre· paring for tbe devotional pe- and girls in the churches. riods in tbe regular missionary Promoting interdenominational fellow· meetings of women, young wom- en, 'teen age groups and chil- ship. dren. Stimulating discussion of national and (3) Graded Missionary Instruction: a. Two·hour normal class, international problems. using the group method of Christianizing race relations. teaehing, for those who are to prepare to teach or promote II. Standards: study classes, and a sufficient number of classes so that not The following "minimum standard" is more than thirty are registered the basis of affiliation witb the Fed- in each class. eration and Council. There should be classes of this type for leaders who ex- 1. Minimum: pect to teach. 1. The Adult book, (1) Committee: 2. The Senior book, 3. The Intermediate book, The managing Board or Com- 4. The Jnnior book. b. Discussion groups for mittee to be composed of rep' those not preparing to teach. (4) Methods: resentatives from at least three Courses for leaders of the fol- lowing missionary groups: evangelical denominations, ap- a. Women's Societies, b. Young Women '8 So- pointed or approved: by their cieties, c. 'Teen age groups, respective Boards. d. Children's groups. (5) Addresses by missionaries or (2) Bible Study: others: a. On Missions, A course helpful in develop- b. On tbemes allied to the textbooks of the year. ing the spiritual life of the in- (6) Forums: The holding of at least one dividual and in preparing for forum which shall demonstrate the technique and practice of the devotional periods in the this method. (7) Dramatics: regular missionary meetings of Technique and practice. (8) Story Telling: the women, young women, 'teen Technique and practice. (9) Faculty: age groups and ehildren. a. Experienced leaders i 11 Bible, mission stu d y and (3) Mission Study: methods.

One-hour discussion groups or two-hour normal classes, daily, based on the textbooks of the year.

(4) Methods: Classes for leaders in women's societies and in young wom- en's or junior organizations.

(5) Faculty: a. Experienced leaders in Bible, mission study and meth- ods.

b. A Dean who shall assist delegates in the selection of courses and shall keep in touch with clasa registration to see that all attend classes bes~ adapted to their needs. .

c. A Registrar who shall su- pervise," in collaboration with

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETINS

b. A Dean who shall assist carefully c h 0 sen leadership. delegates in the selection of F'aculty as for adult school. eonrSeB and shall keep in touch (11) Time: with class registration to see that all attend classes best a. A day for preliminary adapted to their needs. conference of the leaders.

c. A Registrar who shall b. Seven to ten days, ineIud· supervise, m collaboration with ing Sunday. One day for regis· the Dean, the records of regis· tration, opening sessions of tration by classes. classes, etc., followed by six (10) Young Women's Department: days of regular class sessions.

Camp or other activity with c. Periods not less than forty·five minutes.

Woman's Home Mission Bulletin EDITED BY FLORENOE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK IN EVERYTHING BY PRAYER lowship in prayer, for inspiration to- Last month the section of the Wom- ward further service, and those who an's Bulletin devoted to foreign mis- are representing you in the various sions carried an announcement by Mrs. Montgomery telling of the ob- mission fields will be deprived of the servance of ~he Day of Prayer for help the united intercession would Missions to be held on February 19tb. have been to them. Shall we send Mrs. Montgomery modestly did not them forth and not uphold their state that she is the author of the pro- hands T Do we believe in the power gram. It was thought most fitting of prayer T Let no one interested in missions fail to do her part on Febthis year when Prayer and MissiO'nS ruary 19th.

by her is one of the current study EACH DAY books to have her prepare the pro- Into the basket of thy day gram for this next observance of the Put each thing bright and each thing gay united Day of Prayer for Missions: That thou canst find upon thy way.

In Everything by Prayer is the title Neglect no joy, however small, of the program. And it shall verily befall A Call to Prayer has also been The day can scarcely hold them all.

printed, as usual, for preliminary use, Within the basket of thy day the chairman of the Joint Committee, Let nothing evil find its way, Mrs. S. S. Hough, having prepared And let no frets or worries stay.

this card. Wide use of the card helps So shall each day be brave and fair, much toward a successful observance. Holding of joy its happy share, And finding blessmgs everywhere. It is most advisable that orders for both card and program be placed -PRISCILLA LEONARD.

early with your denominational head- FACING THE FACTS; FACING quarters, for each year some aTe dis- THE FUTURE appointed when they send belated orders to find that the supply is ex- The Home Missions Council and hausted and there is not sufficient time Council of Women for Home Mis- to reprint. The card is sent :tree in sions have taken this as the theme for quantity by most boards; a few their Annual Meeting, which this charge postage. The program is 2) year is to be held in St. Louis, J an- cents each, $1.50 per 100. uary 21st-25th; and is to include a If no plans have yet been made for National Missions Conference, such interdenominational observance of the as was held in Rochester, N. Y., and day in your community, call up the in Dayton, Ohio. In each case these leaders in the various communions National Conferences are planned and see if arrangements cannot be and carried through in cooperation macle for such a meeting. You will with the local Council of Churches or be missing. a real opportunity for fel- Church Federation.

As usual, most of the sessions of Council of Women for Home Misthe Annual Meeting will be jointly sions. The fundamental Problems of conducted by the Home Missions Migration will be presented Friday Council and Council of Women for evening. Other possible items of joint Home Missions. All sessions, except endeavor will also be discussed. two when technical executive matters will be discussed, will be open to the The Church Federation of St. Louis public and as large an attendance as requested especially that one session possible 'will be welcomed. be given to a review of the St. Louis Church Survey made by Dr. Paul While this announcement goes to Douglass. This will occur on Saturpress before plans are perfected, they day. On Saturday, also, in accordhave progressed far enough to indi- ance with the plans of the local cate most interesting addresses and Women's Missionary Federation the discussions on vital matters. After Day of Prayer for Missions will be separate sessions of the two Councils observed, instead of on February on Thursday, January 21st, all will 19th. come together for a dinner, after which Dr. Charles L. White, Presi- Saturday evening representatives dent of the Home Missions Council, from the Interdenominational Stuwill address the gathering on "The dent Conference held in Evanston, Greatness of' the Task," and Mrs. IlL, Dec. 2'9th-Jan. 1st, will tell of John Ferguson, President of the the Contribution of Youth through Council of Women for Home Mis- the Church to Present Day Needs, Sions, on "The Oneness of the Task." followed by an address by Dr. John Other addresses at this dinner will McDowell on the same general topic. emphasize the necessity of confidence in and loyal obedience and devotion Ample time for discussion will be to our Lord and Master. allowed throughout the sessions.

Friday afternoon will be devoted to On the Sabbath, visiting delegates the various activities now being car- -both men and women-will fill ried on cooperatively by the Boards 'many of the pulpits of the city, mornthrough the Councils. A great lack ing and evening. Meetings are being of religious books for the blind hav- t>lanned for Sunday afternoon and ing been evidenced, the Councils have Monday. Hotel Buckingham will be during the past year printed the fir~t headquarters, the sessions being held of what it is hoped will be a series of in the assembly rooms of the hotel. books in braille. Fittingly at this afternoon session the devotional read- Consisting of the Boards of twentying will be by a blind person. The eight denominations, and having sucproviding of Religious Work Direc- cessfully launched various pieces of tors in Government Indian Schools is actual cooperative service, it was felt another cooperative project and it is that now all should together face the expected that Mr. Isaac Greyearth. a facts-the facts of need, of opportu- Sioux who serves as one of these Di- nity, of service–and then face the rectors, will tell of this work. The futwre and determine goals, discuss functioning of the Bureau of Refer- methods, and bend energies to acence for Migrating People, the follow- complish the desired end-the bringup of Protestant Immigrants, another ing in of the Kingdom in all its fullof the joint activities, will be ex- ness here in the homeland for the sake plained. of America and of the world.

One of the most interesting phases It ain't the guns nor armaments, of missionary service of late years has been the work among Farm and Can- Nor the funds that we can pay, nery Migrants which is conducted by the women's boards through the But the close cooperation that makes us win the day.

It ain't the individual, nor the army as a whole, But the everlastin' teamwork of every bloomin' soul. -KIPLING.

FROM .MANY

!

Protestants of the Earth dale's New Testament in English was the theme for Universal Bible Sunday STATISTICS presented to the on December 6, 1925. Tyndale's Stockholm Conference on Chris- translation shaped the whole course tian Life and Work give the total of succeeding translations of the New Protestant population of the earth lis Testament. A circular on Tyndale 195,100,000. The Protestant popula- may be obtained free on application tion of the British empire is reckoned to the National Association of Book at 46,900,000, divided as follows: Publishers, 334 Fifth Ave., New Anglican, 28,600,000; .Free Churches, York, N. Y., or to the American Bible 800,000; Church of Scotland, 2,700,- Society. 000; United Free Church of Scotland, 1,500,000; Irish Presbyterians, 800,- "Rid the World, of Leprosy!" 000; Canadian Presbyterians, 1,400,- 000; Canadian Methodists, 1,100,000; WITH this slogan, William M. Canadian Baptists, 400,000; Canadian Danner, General Secretary of the Lutherans, 200,000; Church of Aus- ~<.merican Mission to Lepers, startoo. tralia, 1,600,000; Church of South September 16th on a round-the-world Africa, 600,000. In continental Eu- tour. The Mission, coope.rating as it rope the P.rotestant population is said has done for many years with deto be: Germany, 40,300,000; Switzer- nominational boards of foreign misland, 2,200,000; Holland, 3,600,000; sions, has established a chain of nearly France, 1,400.000; Denmark, 3,200,- a hundred leper asylums in lands 000; Norway, 2,300,000; Sweden, where the afiiiction is most severe. 5,700,000; Finland, 3,300,000; Esthonia, 1,000,000; Latvia, 1,500,000; Mr. Danner carried letters of intro- Russia, 1JOO,000; Lithuania, 200,000; duction from the Japanese Ambassa- Poland, 1,500,000; Czechoslovakia, dor and the Chinese Minister at 2,100,000; Austria, 300,000; Hun- Washington, which will secure him gary, 3,600,000; Roumania, 1,300,- access to the strongest statesmen in 000. The same figures give the Prot- these two countries. In Siam he will estant population of the United States seek an audience with the King, who as 74,500,000. personally founded the extensive pub- lic leper asylum in its capital city. These figures are probably over- Bangkok. He will bring to the attengenerous to the Protestants. They are tion of all the officials he meets the based on an estimate of about one excellent results that have been obhundred and fifty per cent sympa- tained from Hegregation of lepers in thizers or adherents to Protestantism Hawaii and the Philippines, as well in addition to the actual members of as in the United States. If he can Protestant Churches. This would induce them even to begin on the mean only about 75,000,000 Pirotes- American policy the end of the histant communicants or open confessors toric scourge could be said to be in of Jesus Christ as their Lord and sight, since quarantine on a national Saviour. They number about one in scale would stop the infection of new twenty oil the earth's population. victims.

The Gospel by Mail to Je….. T THE The Tyndale Centenary HE four-hundredth anniversary of British Society for the Propathe publication of William Tyn- gation of the Gospel among the 61

JOews, believing that to most Jews the 7. Spend twice as much for school Bnd Bible, especially the New Testament, edacation as for church and reli· is "a hidden book, " carries on "postal gious interBats. 8. :Spend eleven times as much on crime mission work," that is, sending and its punishment as on church through the post copies of the New and religious interests. Testament chiefly, in part or whole, 9. Waste $19 for every $1 they spend on to Jewish families on the five conti- church and religious interests. 10. Spend $,29 on luxuries for every $1 nents of the earth. The first batch of given to church and religious in· postal packets was sent out from terests.

° Liverpool, in November, 1910, and If our Christian people could be others have been sent at least three made to realize what these figures times a year, ever since. With each mean, and to set resolutely toward gospel or New Testament there is en- making a change in them fw the bet- closed also an introductory note which ter, then certainly the 48,224,000 reads in part as follows; church members gathered in the 237,- This is a message from God to you. Do 945 churches in our country should not turn a deaf ear to it. Like your Scrip. have influence and power enough to tures it was written by a holy man of God, start something worth while.

moved by the Holy Ghost, written that you might believe that Jesus is the Christ (the :M.essiah) the Son of God, and that believing America.n Bible Society A you might have life through His Name. In T its l09th annl1al meeting in May, this great society, which Him and Him alone is pardon, peace, hope and heaven . . . Read, therefore, believe has more than 3,000 workers scattered and be saved.

all over the world, reported encour- NORTH AMERICA aging growth along many lines. The The United States Dollar total issues for the year amounted to THE Year Book of the Young Men's 6,652,299 volumes 'and were in 172 Christian Association for 1925 languages and dialects and Scriptures for the blind. In the Arabic-Levant deals with the American dollar and Agency the work of manufacturing Arabic Scriptures has proceeded at a how it is spent. According to the greatly accelerated pace. The total American Education Digest, here is for the year was more than,twice the the accounting; Cents Living costs •…………. 24% number manufactured in ] 923, and 22 t.hree and one third times the annual Luxuries •••………….. 14 average. All printing of the Scrip- Waste …•…………… tures for the Levant Agency is now Miscellaneous ………… . 13% Investment ………….. . 11 Crime ……………… . S% being done at the American Press in Beirut and for the first time in its Government …………. . 4% history a representative of the Amer- ican Bible Society, lVIr. S. T. Cassapi, Schools ………..•…… I1h is living in Beirut and supervising the work. In China, the three Bible Church .•……………. 0% Societies-the British and Foreign, From these figures the compiler of the Year Book draws the deductions that the people of the United States; 1. Spend nearly as much for luxuries as the National Bible Society of Scot- for living costs. land and the American Bible Society 2. Spend one half as much for invest· ment as for luxuries. –have cooperated in the publication of an edition of Scriptures with 3. Waste more than one half as much as what is termed a "common title it costs to live.

4. Spend only one :fifteenth as much for page."

school and education as for lux· uries. 5. Waste nine times as much as they Y. M. C. A. Help for Strangers S spend on school and education. TRANGERS in strange lands- whether they be Japanese; Ger- 6. Spend six times as much for crime and its punishment as for school man, French; Polish, West Indian, and education.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

African or American-find the nu- possible effort to perfect the necessary merous difficulties of travel made organization of those world forces easier by the service which the Y. M. whereby the people of our time and C. A. extends to them. In the fourth- of succeeding generations shall be able floor backroom of a Chicago tenant, a to reach agreements and to adjust new arrival from Poland has framed grievances. " the "Y" introduction card, which helped him so much all along his Tract Society Centennial Fund wearisome way, and has scrawled under it in Polish: "Trust the Y. M. THE American Tract Society, which C. A. It is your best friend!" The has printed and distributed in all Y. M. C. A. was the first organization 815,669,200 pieces of Christian literto promote service among foreigners ature, and which celebrated its cenon a world·wide basis. Its activities tennial last May, now appeals to the now extend to most European and public for $200,000 with which to Oriental countries, frontier towns, start its second century of service. fifteen strategic ports of embarkation, The present work of the society ten ports of entry, and several hun- stresses particularly the .Christian dred cities of destination. Even on .'.meriminization of the thousands of shipboard, the hours are enlivened by foreigners who come to America each games started by Y. M. C. A. repre- year. Through its colporteur at Ellis sentatives. During the last six months Island, it gives out Christian books of 1924 special migration secretaries and tracts and books on Americanizaat the British ports alone have dis- tion in many languages, and it distributed nearly 14,000 cards and tributes in the great foreign centers letters of introduction and sent more of America tracts and books in twenthan 10,000 letters regarding emigra- ty-seven languages, and hymnals in tion cases. During the same period ten languages. over 4,000 people of thirty-nine different nationalities were assisted in The sum of $200,000 which is the numerous ways at Ellis Island. goal of the Centennial Fund Cam- paign of the American T.ract Society Dett'oit Congre.. on Peace is to be used to develop and increase colporteur service among the foreign THE chief message of the tenth an- groups in New England; to endow nual meeting of the American the Spanish !:lunday-school periodical, Council of the World Alliance for In· Man-zan-as de Oroj to republish the ternational Friendship Through the "Self-Explaining Bible" with notes, Churches, held in Detroit, Mich., No- and t.he pocket Bible; to print new vember 10-12, 1925 and announced tracts in English, more books in foras "A Congress on Peace and Secur- eign 'languages, and foreign hymnals ity," consisted in an appeal to all in five different languages. churches and all citizens to obtain congressional approval this winter for White and Negro "Y" Seoretaries American adherence to the World Court. The congress also asked that A PRACTICAL demonstration of committees in all churches arrange the Christian spirit in race relafor study classes on "how the prin- tions, which was given at the re,cent ciples of the gospel may be applied to annual meeting of Y. M. C. A. secreinternational and racial relation- t.aries has received little attention exships" and urged all pastors to "lay cept in the Negcl."o press,' where it has especial emphasis in their preaching heen greeted with deep appreciation. on the unity of mankind," with par- During these meetings in other years ticular reference to Japan and China. secretaries of the colored department One of the resolutions adopted read: of the Associa.tion have roomed at "It is clearly our duty to exert every hotels conducted by Negroes for Negro patrons. LaSt year the feeling was strongly expressed that arrangements

should be made so that colored and but they are practicing unity in these white workers could be accommodated ways that will make a united church in the same hotels. .An effort was possible in time."

made to arrange this with the hotel- keepers of Atlantic City, but when Santee Indian School the secretaries reached their meeting F OR fifty-five years the American this year they found the old segrega- Missionary Association (Congregation perpetuated. Whereupon eight tional) has been conducting a school white secretaries of the Student De- at Santee, Okla., and F. B. Riggs repartment took up their residence in ports that the last year has been the the colored hotel where their Negro best of all. He says: ' ,We pursue all fellow-secretaries were, perforce, staying. Two of the men who took this the studies that are taught the public step were Southerners. Chrisiian schools. Besides those, of course, we 1Vork comments: "These student sec- teach subjects that are especially retaries deserve all the praise whicb necessary to our main purpose as a has been given them. They have made missionary school for the training of it harder to maintain segregation in future avowedly religious gather- Indian leaders. Our academic limit ings. " was only the tenth grade. Now this year, we have advanced to the elev- enth and are on the way to become a full-:fl.edged accredited high school Ohri.tlan Ohinese Uniting next year. This year our Indian stu- ~~THE steady growth of a r-eal dents made marked improvement in youtll movement looking toward studying, in dass recitation, and in general reading. We excel other Inunity in the religious work of the San dian schools in vocal music. We give Francisco Chinese community and toward initiative and responsibility in non-sectarian religious instruction in all our grades. And for non-resident social service," is reported in The. students we have a correspondence American Missionary, which says: school, seven courses in the Dakota "In one of the Chinese mission build- Indian language (Sioux) and three ings of San Frnncisco generously courses in English. Our Bible corgranted for such use by a mission respondence school is rapidly improvboard, the younger Chinese of several ing." denominations are carrying on a very significant work to serve the community in educational, social and reCir"ea- LATINAMERIOA tional activities. This includes a Chi- A :ali.donary Appointed Mayor D nese language school, a society 'for R. EUGENE A. MacCORNAGK training in chorus work, a society fOJ of Whitehall, Wisconsin, a med- amateur dramatics, and the regular ical missionary of the Methodist Epis- work of Boy Scouts, Camp Fire Girls, copal Church, who served as superin- besides frequent union social and reli- tendent of the British-American gious meetings. All these activities Hospital in Lima, Peru, has been ap- which could scarcely develop to any pointed alcalde or mayo;r- of the city great strength in a single small church of Callao by President A. B. Leguia.

are flourishing as the young people get The president of the republic and a together in this way. The competition score of congressmen and other gov- of the purely secula;r- organizations of ernmental officials have had members the Chinese community, on the one of their families treated in this hos- hand, and of the strong Catholic mis- pital. It is also giving medical serv- sion, on the other, make it clear to ices to several thousand needy poor.

most of the Christian Chinese of the Dr. MacCornack is the first North Protestant churches that they must American to be appointed mayor of a work together more and more. They Peruvian community, and probably are not yet ;ready for a united church, the first appointed anywhere in South

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

America. He has recently received to time we receive visits from wealthy the degree of Doctor of Medicine from farmers, often fanatical, and coming San Marcos University, Peru, the old- a distance of several hundreds of est university of the Western Hemi- miles, solely to buy pure-bred animals sphere. It is unusual to grant this and grain. They bring a whole retinue degree to physicians from the United with them-·Indians, foremen and States. It will enable the doctor and under-men-and often they have to his staff to carryon their work in stay several days. But during that Peru with the full sanction of the time they not only purchase cattle; Government. they hear the Gospel preached, and see for themselves the change that has Conditions in Central America taken place in the Indian Christians; t.ake note of the characters and capa- REV. R. R. GREGORY, secretary bilities of our lads and children; out of the Caribbean Agency of the of curiosity enter the school; and, led American Bible Society, thus sums up to acknowledge the po'<ver of the Gosthe impressions he gained in a recent pel in the lives of many, they are won tour of thirteen weeks in Central over to a new view of Christianity, America: "On the one hand, saloons and gladly accept a copy of the hereare doing a flourishing business; too tie's Book, and the printed message of many still believing that governments salvation.' , cannot be run without the license tax money. '1'he movie picture business On the Brazilia.n Frontier is a veritable gold mine in these irCpublics. American capital is making FROM the town of Patroeinio, bigger success of raising bananas and whieh is called "the frontier staswelling dividends, than in building tion of the Western Brazil Mission" np men and women in character. of the Southern Presbyterian Church, Everybody is in love with the Amer- Mrs. Alva Hardie writes: "There has ican dollar, and it circulates freely been strong opposition from the first side by side with the currency of the on the part of the priest and good various republics. On the other hand, Catholics. "'INe are denied the press, the Church in Central America has but every week the little paper, City never faced such opportunities for of Patrocinio, is filled with articles advancement a13 she faces there today. against Luther, Calvin, the Reforma- Evangelical missions are everywhere tion, non-Catholic schools, Protestants undermanned and underfinanced. in general. In every way they seek There is little diffi,culty in establishing to turn the people away, not in the private schools. Pupils abound-all least minding the use of gross unthat is needed is money and teachers. truths put in strong language. Never The Central American people are ap- has the town been so religious! Durpreciative of genuine help and friend- ing May, the month set aside for the ship, and, in a larger measure than exclusive worship of Mary, a proceswe give them credit, are capable of sion took place solely and expressly absorbing our best. More Bibles are as an insult to the Protestants here. being circulated this year in Central I did not believe this when I heard America than ever befro-e." it, for I could not conceive of a reli- gious ceremony being used to insult Missionary Farm in Peru anyone! But the weekly paper pub- lished the fact; triumphantly an- F ORTY miles from Cuzco, Peru, is nouncing this brilliant achievement! the Urco Farm conducted by Mr. There are now twenty preaching and Mrs. T. E. Payne, of the Evan- points in our field which is as large <IS gelical Union of South America. Mrs. the state of South Carolina. Only two Payne writes: "Let me tell you how of these points can be reached by the agricultural part of the work helps train." the spread of the Gospel. From time 5

EUROPE markets and fairs; also during the summer months two gospel tents visit Plight ot European Protestants the different parts of the country, reaching many communities where the REV. GEORGE STEWART, D.D., Gospel has never been heard. Some associate minister of the Madison of the most fruitful stations are the Ave. Presbyterian Church, New York, permanent outcome of these summer pictures in an article in Current His- tent visitations. During the past year tory the plight of the Protestant in Belgium 373,117 copies of Scripchurches in Europe. They have suf- tures and gospel literature have been fered a "series of unprecedented distributed. calamities." Three great communions, the Evangelical Lutherans of Active ProtestantisJD in Italy Germany, the Roman Catholics in the Dual Monarchy, and the Greek Ortho- REV. PIETRO S. MONCADA, an dox Church in Russia, have been evangelical pastor, reminds those pushed off the raft of state subsidy who are disposed to think of Italy as and told to swim for themselves in a entirely a Roman Catholic country, stormy sea. The inflation of currency that "from the Alps to the last point has wiped out all endowments, not of Sicily and Sardinia, in every city only for local churches, but for mis- and in the small villages there are sionary enterprises, colleges, theo- churches and missions, elementary logical seminaries, hospitals, and and secondary schools, hospitals and orphanages. Dr. Stewart says that charitable institutions, besides penthe endowment of the church institu- sions and Y. W. C. A. 's, under the tions of Germany could not be ex- direct control of the Protestant dechanged for a street-ear fare. Prot- nominations." He emphasizes the estant teachers and ministers in activities of the historic W aldensian France are remaining at their posts Church along many lines, and continin a starving condition. Numbers of ues: "Denominations are to be found them receive less than flve dollars a also in Italy; American and Anglican month in American money. Three Methodists, Baptists, Episcopalians, thousand ministers, teachers, and doc- Salvation Army, Pentecostals, Sevtors have been recalled from overseas enth Day Adventist!!. Rome, the missionary service. 'Eternal City,' is becoming more and more the center of Italian Protestant- Belgian Gospel Mission ism. There are there about twenty churches, Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., the DESPITE opposition and many offices of the British and Foreign difficulties, this Mission, under Bible Society, printing offices for pubthe direction of Mr. and Mrs. Ralph lication of Protestant literature, the C. Norton, has grown until today in International Methodist College on all of the nine provinces save two high Monte Mario, just overlooking there is established work; some eight- St. Peter's and the Vatican gardens, een posts in all, where regular preach- the imposing Waldensian Cathedral ing services are held; there are over on Piazza Cavour-the gift of Mrs. fifty workers, representing seven dif- John S. Kennedy, of New York City; ferent nationalities; two Bible schools the theological school, which trains in the two different languages spoken not only the Waldensian ministers, in Belgium have been founded, and but also the Methodist and Baptist." the latter, the Flemish, for its second term of enrolment, had seventy api- AFRICA plications and enquiries from the adjacent country of Holland alone; Christia.n and MosleJD Heroes an extensive campaign of colportage work goes on the year round, the sum- THE following story of how Chrismer months being exceptionally fruit- tians penetrated into Nigeria is ful, as open-air meetings are held in quoted in the IS'lamie World, a paper

1926J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

published under Mohammedan aus- asked a chief's SOl] the other day why pices: he had come to school. 'To learn how to be a good man and how to be a Nineteen years ago a young Irish doctor good ruler when I have a village of who went to Southern Nigeria to take up my own,' was his instant reply. A government service, while travelling in the number of the present chiefs belong to Owerri district, was set upon by the natives, a new generation, and are, without stripped of his clothing and made to march, exception, old boys trained in our naked as he was, in tbe hot tropical sun to school. These show their influence a large market·place some miles away. Here everywhere in every way." he was put to death. Early in the present year Bishop Lasbrey visited the stations of "I Want to Know This God" the Church Missionary Society in this neigh. borhood and found eloquent proof of the REV. T. E. BUCK, of the London change which a few short years of gospel Missionary Society, writes of influence had brought about. The Bishop spending a night last year in a village visited a place which is less than a mile in Madagascar, where all the people from the market where the doctor met his were heathen. "I called the viHagers tragic fate. No threatening mob of infuri- together," he says, "and gave them a ated enemies escorted the white man on this simple talk about God and Jesus occasion, but a band of earnest Christians, Christ. I could see that they were rejoicing that they were workers together impressed. One of the headmen came with. him for the Kingdom of God. There to me and said: •You have told new are now mOre than 13,000 adhereuts of the and wonderful things about the true Church in this district. God today. Will you tell me more' I feel I want to know this God.' Soon The editor goes on to comment: after daybreak eleven men were await- "This shows the wonderful tenacity ing me, and they told me that they of purpose and the extraordinary per- had made up their minds to go forseverance which the Christians have. ward in the new faith. We made an If the Muslims cherish the great hope application to the Government. The of spreading the light of Islam in the reply was recei Ted last February. world far and wide, they should also When I visited this little church in exhibit sueh qualities. As a matter of June I was astonished. The little fact the Muslims of the good old times place where the services are held was were the embodiments of these heroic packed to the doors. 'fhe men of the virtues, and the Christians have only village finished the teacher's house in borrowed these from them. The pity, two days. About twenty people are however, is that now the Muslims are learning in the catechumens' class. almost devoid of these virtues." Now thirty of them have made an ap- plication to the Government asking Fruits of a Boys' School for permission to build a schooL"

ENGI,ISH Baptist missionaries in A West African Opportunity Africa are now rejoicing in the achit'vements of the graduates of their FOUR hundred and sixty-two miles schools, and are recalling the early from IJagos is the little town of days, when it was difficult to per- Minna in which the Sudan Interior suade the people that the object of the Mission has been working for several missionaries in caring for the boys in years. Here a spacious mission buildschool was not to sell them later as ing has been erected as this is a censlaves. F. ,V. Savidge writes from tral station and many missionaries South Lushai: "Among our 'old pass through Minna to and from their boys' now are sub-assistant surgeons, work. Here, too, the Niger Press does compounders, preachers, teachers, its great work of sending out the evangelists, overseers of the Public Scriptures in many different lan- Works Department, road-surveyors, guages. In Minna there aresevel'al carpenters, tailors, blacksmiths, cobblers, book-binders, soldiers, government clerks, language-interpreters and many others, and almost all of these without exception are Christians. I

canteens and a number of Europeans THE NEAR EAST live here. Owing to its being a railway junction a number of trains pass A. B. C. F. M. in Turkey up and down the line each day, and to anyone who has been living in the WITH the reopening of its stations ,,Bush, " Minna is a wonderful place in Turkey, closed because of the of civilization! 'rhe inhabitants are 'Vodd War and the destruction of the mostly Hausa speaking. There is a Armenian population, the American large market which affords good op- Board is entering upon a new phase portunities for preaching to mission- of its work. 'rhe annual report of the aries who can speak this language. Board says of it: "Not institutions The people are always glad to welcome but personal relationships are the the white teacher to their own com- means; not classroom inst,ruction but pounds, and they listen attentively to personal friendliness is the method; his message. But besides the Hansas llot converts to Christianity but those there are representatives of at least who will follow .Jesus' way of life other twelve tribes. 'rhese facts are are the fruitage of missionary toil. stated by the Evangelical Christian It is not wise to try to tabulate results, as the basis of an appeal for a man but those who are in closest touch "rith to offer himself as pastor of the the present methods of the missiollchurch. ary in Turkey are enthusiastic over the prospects. The International Col- After Ninety Years in Natal lege at Smyrna is filled to capacity, and the Christians among its students THE first missionaries sent by the and teachers, with the approval of the American Board to Africa estab- authorities, meet for daily prayers lished themselves in Natal and began and Sunday service. Closed for some a work for the Zulu people which has months by the Gove,rnment, St. Paul's continued uninterrupted for ninety College, Tarsus, reopened. Five other years. The results of this missionary missionary schools are crowded with effort have been unusually great. A Turkish pupils to a number never exstrong and virile A'frican tribe has, ceeded before. Each pupil is the open largely through the influence of the door to a Moslem home, and friendmissionaries, been brought to a place liness is daily mo;re general and more of Christian leadership in South Af- genuine. " rica. The native Church has its own council and largely administers its Turks Suspect Y. M. C. A. own affairs; and if it had not been for the multiplication or problems THE new "Turkish – American due to a rapidly advancing civiliza- Clubs," which Asa K. Jennings, a tion this native Church might already former Y. M. C. A. secretary, had set have been entirely independent. Aside out to organize were described in the from the salaries and expenses of the August REVIEW. It was then stated missionaries the appropriations of the that Mr. Jennings had the confidence Board amount to less than $10,000 a of the Turkish leaders, but the latest year, while the amounts coming from report indicates that some Turks at local sources, including corporations least are growing anxious OVer the and the Government, amount to over purpose of these clubs. A Constanti- $145,000 annually. Not a small pro- nople newspaper recently stated: portion of this local support is given to the social· work in Johannesburg. Since religion and politics have been It is almost impossible to overestimate separated ill Turkey, these fanatical Protthe unique opportunity presented by estants, working like people trying to save the thousands of heathen native Af- valuables from fire, have become inimical to ricans gathered in the compounds of our existence.• The Turkish Republic does the gold mines on the Rand. not deny freedom ill religious convictions, but, for all that, it does not intend to make room for religious propaganda. But we know that the Y. M. C. A., under whatever veil it may appear, is a sort of dervishism which first makes friends and then wins fol-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

lowers. Every American school is a shrine Pahlevi, Premier and former Miniswhere Ghrist's songs are snng. The ability of the members of the organization is so ter, but earlier still a private soldier great that the young minds fall a prey to in the Cossack army, seems to be a them as the fly is caught in the web. man of very different type. He is of very humble origin, both in ancestry Cooperation in Palestine and education. His father was a I."~MEN and women of the Jewish farmer, which means that Reza Khan faith from every corner of could not obtain in his chlldhood even Europe and America have joined to- an elementary education. Before the gether to establish what they frankly World War Persia had come under label a 'cooperative commonwealth' the joint control of Great Britain and similar to that set up by the leaders Russia, bnt the latter's hold slipped because of its own upheaval. Reza of the chosen people millenniums ago," Khan saw his opportunity, and his says the All-American Cooperative rise to power was rapid. He has been Commission in describing the efforts virtual dictator since February, 1921, of Zionists in rebuilding Palestine: 'rhe main economic instrument in the using many methods which have led Palestine of the Zionists is to be the some to call him "the Mussolini of cooperative guild, which has already Persia." The first act of "King" attained significant results. In Sa- Pahlevi, the name assumed by Reza maria, Judea and Galilee there are Khan after the Shah was deposed, more than 50 workers' land settle- was to order the liberation of all po- litical prisoners, grant amnesty to the ments with 2,500 tillers working to- former Shah, members of the late gether cooperatively. Eight unions of dynastic family, and members of the 5,000 building trades workers are royal household, who will be penbanded together in a National Building Guild which owns its own quarries sioned. The new ruler also ordered and contracts on work, with a busi- that the price of bread be reduced ness already amounting to $4,000,000. through government subsidy.

The General Federation or Jewish Jjabor has also constituted a Workers' INDIA, SIAM AND MALAYSIA Fund to build up producers' coopera- Gandhi on Race Hatred T tives. Twenty shops have been set HE address delivered by Gandhi at the meeting of the Calcutta up, giving work to 400 operatives. Consumers' cooperation is carried on Christian Missionary Conference in by a suhsidiary of the Federation, and July is quoted on page 34 of this' now handles an annual turnovp-r of issue. An Indian writer in the $600,000. Three town clinics and 34 Christian Patriot has recently profarmers' clinics are established on a tested vigorously against what he cooperative basis, maintaining a well- calls "the unique spectacle of Chrisappointed sanitarium. On the edu- tians letting themselves be preached cational side everything from kinder- to by a staunch, out-and-out Hindu gartens to lectures is conducted like Gandhi." During his stay in cooperatively. Eighty-five branch Calcutta numerous speeches on both libraries with 30,000 volumes supply political and social questions were reading matter for the farm and labor made by Gandhi, and the paper pubcooperators. lished by the Oxford Mission to Cal- A Mnssolini for Persia cutta quotes one on race hatred as follows: "The world is weary of it; THE deposition of the young Shah we see that the song of hatred has not of Persia by an overwhelming vote benefited humanity. Let it be the of the National Assembly has been privilege of India to turn a new leaf reported in the newspapers and stories and set a lesson to the world. Is it have been told of his extravagant and necessary th.at 300,000,000 of people dissipated life in Paris. Reza Khan in India should hate 100,000 English-

men Y In my humble opinion it is de- Vidha Vivah Sahayalc Sabha, an 01'- rogatory to the dignity of mankind, ganization richly endowed by Sir it is derogatory to the dignity of India Ganga Ram for promoting the marto entertain for one single moment riage of high-caste Hindu widows. hatred towards Englishmen." Mr. This excellent society is achieving Gandhi himself, says the editor, "sets notable success in the work that it is a golden example in this respect. He undertaking. In 1922, 452 widow thinks he Ms just reason for hating marriages were solemnized under its the English rule in this country, but auspices. In 1923 the number rose to he carefully distinguishes between do- 892 and in 1924 to 1,603. During the ing so and hating the whole ruling first half of 1925 the number reported race, or even the actual rulers. On is 1,020. Brahmins and Kshatriyas the contrary he has among them many are most numerous in the cases rewarm friends." corded. During 1924, 160 inter-caste widow marriages were solemnized by The Scudder Family in India the Sabha's representatives. We re- joice in the relaxation of caste con- THE recent death of Mrs. John sciousness, and of the proof which it Scudder of the Arcot Mission in affords of the freedom of the Society's South India of the Reformed Church paid representatives from rigid caste in America, after sixty-four years of prejudice, but we hope that the main missionary service, has reminded work of the Society will not be jeopmany of the remarkable record of the ardized with overzealous propaganda Scudder family, the fourth generation for inter-caste marriages. The lot of of which is now connected with the thel child widow is one of the most Arcot Mission. The first John Scud- appalling in the world and an organider, M.D., reached India in 1819 and zation that has proven its ability to served in Calcutta, .Jaffna, Madura promote the rescue of these innocent and ~radras. All his seven sons victims of an ancient abomination served in the Arcot Mission. In the should be very careful not to fritter past one hundred years, twenty-five away its strength on anything less of his children and grandchildren vital to human welfare." have been missionaries in various foreign lands. When the Dr. John Scud- OOlllDlnnity House in Bombay der whose widow has just died went from Boston to India in an ice ship in THE Marathi Mission, in facing the 1861, the trip took four months. He new industrialism which is develdied twenty-five years ago, and she is oping factory life in India and caussurvived by their five sons and one ing a rapidly increasing inflow from daughter-the three eldest being in country districts to the cities, is ad- America and the three youngest in dressing itself to the changing condithe Arcot MissiQn; namely, Rev. Hen- tions, by seeking to promote the social ry J. Scudder of Punganur, Rev. applications of Christianity, and par- 'Walter T. Scudder of Tindivanam ticularly through organized commuand Dr. Ida S. Scndder, Principal of nity service. By gifts from America, the Women's Medical College in Vel- amounting to something over $50,000, lore. Two of her grandchildren and to be matched, it is hoped, by a similar a great-nephew are also at work in amount which has been promised from India. funds held by some broad-minded Indian philanthropists, first steps Hindu Widows Remarrying have been taken towards erecting a community house on the mission com- SOCIAL service work in which pound in ByculIa, Bombay, where it Christians are unable to take an is planned to provide a center for the active part but which, according to life and activity particularly of young The Indian Witness, "deserves their men coming into the city from uphearty good will, is being done by the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

country Christian centers; also not the first case, the Jteathen parents of less to open to them Christian lines of a village boy reported that when dy- work for their people in Bombay, that ing he was singing to himself a little may tend to safeguard them from the hymn that the Christian teacher had temptations and demoralizing associa- taught him. Of the other she says: tions of the big city. The enterprise "One day the way home from a dis- is to be largely under the direction tant village lay through some rice of Rev. Alden H. Clark, formerly of and ragi fields. Women coolies were Ahmednagar, who received the degree planting out young ragi from the of D.D. from Amherst, his Alma nursery beds, and were singing as Mater, last .Tune. they worked, as is the custom out here.

But the listeners' ears were arrested Ma.ss Move_eDt in TiDDevelly by hearing a familiar Telugu Chris- A CHRISTIAN mass movement of tian hymn instead of an unseemly outcastes is reported from Tin- song in praise of some god. There nevelly, the southernmost district' of Madras Presidency, where the Church were fifteen women at work, and one Missionary Society is at work. The seemed to be the leader. She sang a Diocese of rrinnevelly consists of 120,- line, and the others all repeated it after her in unison. Enquiries elicit- 000 Christian!), scattered over ninetY'- ed the information that this woman one pastorates-a term which is used had learned several hymns from a to describe not one congregation, but missionary on tour some fifteen or an area over which there is one pas- twenty years ago."

tor. He may have from four to ten communion centers and many villages Christian Shrin'e in Puri in his parish, and he works through AN experiment defined as "an atcatechists. There are about 100 Tamil tempt to present the Gospel on aud only six European clergy in tlhe more indigenous lines" has been cardiocese, which is largely self-govern- ried on for a few months in the city ing. It is also almost self-supporting. of Puri, Bengal, where the famous For every shilling that the home so- temple of Jagganath is located. A cieties give, the Church in Tinnevelly writer in the Indian Standard thus gives at least three. The diocese sup- describes it: ' ,We have a room in ports its own pastors, about 100 in the bazaar-a room daily passed by number, and has built eighty-nine the pious and impious alike on their way to Puri's sacred tank of Norenchurches of stone or brick in the last ten years. T:he Tamil is a very gen- dra. Here we consecrated our shrine. erous giver. He loves his Church. He The only furniture isa picture of the may be abroad, for he is a great ad- Crucifixion with it low altar in front venturer, but he always sends home of it, and on the far side a low readhis church contributions, and he is an ing-stool and such copies of the shasinsatiable church-builder. Some of the tras as best befit the devotional mood. Tinnevelly churches are as large and Neither shoes nor chairs are allowed as beautiful as the great parish churches of England. Bishop Tubbs inside, and the floor is covered with ;ays that one day they will build a mats. Here, then, is our place of cathedral, and it will doubtless be one of the architectural features of South devotion. Every evening our guru, India. Rl}v. B. C. Sircar, M.A., of the Na- tional Council of the Y. M. C. A.., who has s() long advocated this line of ChristiaD Hymns Reme_bered approach, performs the puja (wor- ship). Gongs are set ringing, the in- TWO instances of the unexpected cense symbolic of unuttered prayer influence of Christian hymns are rises in a cloud, songs are sung, pray- In described by Mrs. Horton, of the Cey- ers are offered. 'l'be puja over, the lon and India General Mission. lights flicker, the incense dies away,

and there in the quiet of meditation, spirit, and it would remove many hinsometimes an hour, sometimes long in- drances to evangelistic efforts in the to the night, we sit one or two or fnture, and no one would ever again three, and remember Christ." dare to say that you are the spies of your governments or the advance Illiteracy in Java guards of imperialism. Such action on your part would completely re- I LLITERACY 8till prevails among move the opposition of the anti-Chris- ninety-:!ive per cent of the 35,000,- tian movement." 000 people of .Java, and less than 900,000 pupils are provided with in- A Bible Verse Each Sunday struction, the amount spent for education annually being less than THE effort.s during the past ten £80,000 sterling. At the meeting in months of an evangelistic group of August last, where missionaries of all thirteen Chinese Christians, trained Java were in council, it was estimated in the Bible Institute at Changsha, that the total of literates for Java Hunan Province, have led to the was as follows: One million who read founding of ten churches. Rev. Frank Malay, one. and one-half million who Keller writes: •• The Christians in read Javanese, 400,000 Sundanese this district know something of what readers, an.d 200,000 Madurese read- it means to sacrifice and to suffer for ers. Dutch is becoming more known their religion. It is not an uncommon among all educated Javanese. Today thing for old women to walk five, ten sixteen societies work on the Island of or in some cases even fifteen miles in Java and have 456 missionaries in the order to attend the services on Sun- Dutch East Indies. 'Fhe methods fol- day. VVhen they reach the church lowed are practically the same as in they do not expect to be entertained other mission fields, with the excep- with a flowery sermon or to hear a tion of the establishment of Christian professional choir, but they come to villages by the development of land study their Bibles. For most of them and virgin forest under grant of the the study is of a simple but intensely Dutch Government. By this method profitable nature, cong,isting of memothe Dutch missionaries were able to rizing a golden verse each Lord's day. protect their converts and give them In this way many who have formerly educational advantages in a center of not known a single character have social and spiritual life. learned to read their New Testaments with a fair degree of readiness, and CHINA it is the regular thing for the Chris- tians to be able to repeat all the verses Dell1and :frODl Che:foo Christians they have learned, which, of course, after several years of study, number AN open letter to the American several hundred." Presbyterian missionaries in Shantung Province, w h i c h was A Living Testill10ny signed by five hundred Chinese Christians, called upon them to "make a Fu GIN D.JANG is the leading righteous manifestation" on the sub- evangelist and preacher of the Kiaject of the Shanghai incident, and ting district of the West China Bapstated: "There is now a splendid op- tist Mission, though hi'> home is in a portunity to enable you to express city in the Yachow District. Rev. your love for the Chinese and to dem- Archibald G. Adams writes of him onstrate that you are strictly opposed in Missions: "He is a living testito political aggression and to such mony to the power of the Gospel, ruthless and inhumane procedure. To having been saved from an opium adact in this way would not only be the dict's grave about ten years ago. He means of spreading the Gospel widely, was well educated under the old but everyone wcmld be compelled to Chinese system and has been urged respect your character and Christian

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

several times by his feUow citizens to Moslems were permitted to live within be the mayor of their city. He has the city walls. Some years ago land preaohed the Gospel for about eight for a Moslem hospital was acquired in years, part of the time in Yachow and coilllection with the Borden Memorial in Chengtu, the capital of West China. Hospital, and some special gifts were He has a happy disposition, and is en- received last year, enabling us to put thusiastic and sincere in his work. He up some wards, a chapel, a dispensary, has experienced the power of the Gos- and a house for the staff. We still pel to save, and daily finds inspiration lack about a thousand dollars to com- and help in God 's Word. He has plete the scheme"

attracted a lot of friends to the church and maintains tlhe largest regular Prayer for Language Teaehers U Bible study class we have known in p to a few months ago out of fifty teachers in the language school the local church. He is outspoken against evil, and has suffered no little at Nanking, China, only two or three persecution for righteousness' sake. were Christians-and even those two Moreover he has an unusual conscien- or three had not joined the church. tiousness in money matters. Though The class of missionary pupils was entitled to the middleman's fees in distressed. It seemed to the newthe recent purchase of our church comers that here at hand was their property he· contributed aU to the first work, but their inability to talk church, setting a splendid and un- with their instructors because of the heard-of precedent for the future. handicap of language seemed almost Withal he has an attractive spirit of unsurmountable. They decided, 'howgenuine humility and the influence of ever, to pray for the conversion of his Christian character and leadership their Chinese teachers. One of the is deepening and widening in the best older missionaries held a service with sense. " the teachers every Monday morning, and while he was holding this service, Hospital for Chinese Moslems the new missionaries and the other DR. GEORGE E. KING, of the " old" missionaries in their chapel Borden Memorial Hospital at service at the same time concentrated Lanchowfu, Kansu Province, China, thought and prayer on the teachers. writes that, as the provincial capital The result was that twenty-five of and "the mart and exchange for the them have signed decision cards and millions of Kansu," Lanchow was the asked for Christian baptism.-The right place for the Borc.en Hospital. Continent.

"On the other hand," he continues, "Lanchow is mainly a Chinese city, Mongolian LalIlB B Seeker T the country around it is Chinese, and WO workers of the China Inland Mission visited a Tibetan lamasery, the real Moslem center of influence is Hochow, sixty miles to the southwest. and one of them writes: "Two months Hochow is often called the 'Mecca' later a young lama walked into the of Chinese Moslems, but it lacks the Kanchow compound with the request veneration of a sacred city. It is that he might have some of our books rather a Damascus, full of influential in the Tibetan language. He told us Moslems; or a Constantinople, a seat that a Mongolian Prince had met him of Moslem government; or perhaps a and told him to come here, ask for Cairo, the educational center of Chi- some books and see Dr. Kao, who nese Mohammedanism. In Hochow, would tell him some wonderful things.

work for Chinese and Tibetans is car- From Mongolia he had passed over to ried on by the Rev. C. F. Snyder, of Kanglung Lamasery. There he found the Christian and Missionary Alli- the people reading Tibetan gospels.

ance. The Moslem center is in the Being a scholar of some renown, he south suburb, because till recently no had been appealed to for an explana-

tion of the conteIts. 'The more I printed word, which has gone on beread the more I knew t.hese to be true forelhand, will to some extent have words,' he said. 'l'hen he earnestly prepared the minds of the people to added: 'Is your religion for such receive the Cospel." people as I ~ , For several days he spent many hours on the mission com- JAPAN-KOREA pound, reading, listening and asking questions. This young lama from Democratic Tendency in Japan Mongolia is one for whose conversion we pray. His scholarship and knowl- OF the five "Elder Statesmen" of edge of lllany 'l'ibetan dialects, Mon- Japan, only Prince Saionji is golian and Chinese, his alert intelli- still living, and he is eighty-four. For gence and inquiring mind, maxk him a little while after the death of the as a man who might well be an evan- next to the last of them, Marquis gelist to his own people." Okuma, two years ago, the Privy Council was the real authority in Tibetan Gospel Inn Japan. The Council was composed of great men in public life and members F HOM Siningfu, Kansu Province, of the House of Peers. But a month Mr. Learner of the China Inland or two ago, when the presidency and Mission w.rites of this institution: vice-presidency of the Council were to "The place has been well filled al- be filled, instead of appointing polimost all along. Hundreds of Tibetans ticians and aristocrats, the Governhave thus come within the sound of ment selected two professors from the the Gospel, who otherwise would never University of Tokyo, men who were have heard it. This 'ever open door' not politicians in any sense, although is a great attraction, and our Tibetan one of them, Dr. Okano, had served visitors cannot understand why it is as Minister of Justice, and Baxon that we take so much trouble in see- Hozumi, the new president, is the ing to their comfort when they come ablest international lawyer in Japan, and visit us. Some are still horribly seycral times proposed as president afraid, and more than once I have of The Hague Tribunal. "The apseen our Tibetan evangelist standing pointments mean," says Christian at the door trying to persuade the Work, "that the Council will in time Tibetans to come and receive our free become what it always nominally has hospitality. Gradually opposition is becn-a place for recommendations to being lived down, fear is being the Throne after expert examination changed to friendship, and one by of proposed laws. They also mean one the barriers are being removed. that Japan is accepting for good and There is a great change coming over all the principle of party government the people, and they are being won which Mr. Hara, the first commoner by love. In the course of a yea,r thou- Prime Minister of Japan, put into sands of gospels and other religious force five years ago." books are being scattered among the people, and not a few are carried Moral Problems in Japan across the frontier, for Siningfu is only a day's journey from the ethno- DR. NORMAN, a Canadian missiongraphical border wall. Who knows ary in Nagano, writes of the inwhere these books go T It is certain creasing strength of the moral reform that many of them travel hundreds of and prohibition movements in Japan, miles, and one has heard of some even but goes on to say: "The licensing landing in the 'Forbidden City,' of prostitution is becoming more and Lhasa. The time is coming and per- more a live question in Japan. Last haps is not very far distant when fall petitions signed by over six thouthere will be a great awakening among sand adults were presented to the govthese daxk heathen people. The ernor of this province asking for the abolition of the system. The Governor replied that he did not think public

NEWS FROM MA~ry LANDS

opinion was sufficiently advanced yet fare Association, to which both Japa- for such a step. A month ago there nese and foreigners belong. About was a convention of brewers and dis- seven hundred prospective suicides tillers in our city. They distributed have come to the home provided for literature telling of the good things them where they may stay until they connected with drink, they held pub- are ready to face life again. She had lic meetings here and in a neighboring also taken in fallen girls and led them city, and some of them got drunk, back to the right way. Many of those evidently thinking that, as example is better than precept, they should whom she has helped have become earnest Christians, and the number of give examples of what drinking will these is daily increasing.

do. One thing that struck me was that the brothel keepers and the What a Japanese Bishop A.k.

brewers used the same arguments. ONE of the speakers at the recent Both admitted that their business was General Convention of the Protbad, but they said this evil has always estant Episcopal Church was Rt. Rev. existed and the best way to deal with J. S. Motoda, D.D., Ph.D., Bishop of it is by license and government con- Tokyo. On the subject of the relatrol. " tions between the two countries he A "New God" in Japan said: "We as a nation trust the Christianeommunity of the United J E. COURSAR, JR., writes in the States, rely upon you, we depend • Presbyterian Survey that the upon you, for the solution of this citizens of his town in Japan have re- most difficult problem. We all know cently "manufactured a new god." that you can do it and we all know He tells of a half-witted man who that you are the only set of people "seemed to have no f,riends or kins- who can do it. We have said what people, and lived a vagabond sort of we have to say, we have said it all, existence, picking up scraps of food now we keep ourselves quiet, we will wherever he could find them, sleeping not say anything, simply depend upon wherever night happened to overtake you in the solving of the problem."

him, and dressing himself in the rags Later in his address he made this that kindly disposed people gave him. striking statement: He had, however, one trait which We all know that our Lord, Jesus Christ, made him popular with everyone. He is an Eastern man, not Western man. He was kind to children. Soon after his belongs to us, but you got Him. Now we death a movement was started to raise funds with which to erect an image ask you to return Him to us. In returning and a shrine for him. Already num- Him I sincerely hope you will come yourbers of people are worshiping him and praying to him." selves with Him; in that way not only Japan, all Asia might be Christianized so that, hand in hand with the Western breth· ren, we can attain the peace of the Whole world and the happiness of the whole man- kind.

Would-be Suicides Rescued ~~WAlT a moment! God is love. Korean Budget for Mission.

If you must die, come and see THE General Assembly of the Presme first." Thus reads a sign, set in byterian Church of Korea (made a prominent place in a beautiful spot up of all the Presbyterian bodies at near Kobe, .Japan, which has long been work in that country) adopted at its a favorite place for people to commit last meeting a budget of nearly $9,000 suicide. This sign is one of five, kept for its foreign missionary work. This illuminated at night, which were is always an item of outstanding inplaced at different points near Kobe terest to the Assembly. Last year it in 19]9 by a Japanese Christian, Mrs. was decided to separate the bona fide Nobuko Jo. Her work has been sup- foreign mission work, which is being ported by the Kobe Women's Wel- done for Chinese in Shantung, China,

from that done for expatriated graphic Society says: "The Bible Koreans in Siberia, Japan, Peking, was translated into a made-to-order Nanking, Shanghai, etc., and a home written :Maori language in 1820, and mission board was created to take by the middle of the century the over that work. Three Korean pastors former savages were pretty generally are working in Shantung, China, sup- Christianized, at least superficiallf' ported entirely by the Korean Church. Then came the wars with the whites They have under their charge nearly in the 60 'so Bitterness was en- 1,000 Chinese Christians, of whom gendered, and many fell away from over 600 are baptized. There are the white man's religion. The losses twelve churehes, eleven boys' schools at that time have never been comand two girls' schools, with nearly pletely made up, it is said. Al- 400 pupils. A self-supporting Korean though numerous individual Maoris doctor, graduate of Severance Med- have made good in trade and in the ical College, works with them. For professions, the Maoris as a whole still the new home board a budget of about constitute a problem in New Zealand. $3,000 was adopted. They are keenly intelligent and easily follow the ordinary school courses; ISLANDS OF THE SEA but their learning is not always help- ful to them. A great many youths A Jubilee in the South Seas and girls, after an excellent schooling, revert to primitive life in the vil- AUSTRALIA..t'l" Methodists have lages. " been celebrating the fiftieth anr niversary of the beginning of their Indian Teacher in Fiji missionary work in the islands of the western Pacific. The 39,000 Chris- THE problem created in the Fiji tians who are the fruit of that work Islands by the presence of about have joined in the jUbilee. The native 60,000 Indians – nearly half of the Church of New Britain, in an address population-was referred to in the of welcome to the Australian repre- September REVIEW, and it was then sentatives, said: stated that Hakim Din, a Christian teacher, had gone from the Punjab to We are a happy people today, happy be- take charge of a school conducted by eause for us now shines the L'ght of Christ Australian Methodists, in Lautoka. A . . . happy too because of the treasured missionary of the United Presbyterian memory of Talatala Doctor Brown, our first Church writes of this man: great earthly comforter, who came to us fifty years ago, came from out the far lands It means much for an Indian to go aud to teach us to know the Word of the Father live so far from home, but Mr. Hakim Din . . . There are some few of us here today is a man of big timber, and is not hesitating. who remember Dr. Brown; there is none He has risen up from the humble community who does not know his name; a name that for whose interests he has since given him· has been so often hear d, spoken in soft self, and he has not stopped with any halftones of love and sadness, by our fathers as way attainment. His collegiate work was they sat around the village fires of a night. taken in our college in Rawalpindi aud in We, too, we younger ones shall pass on that the Presbyterian college in Lahore, then his name until it shall shine as a giant star in postgraduate degree of bachelor of teaching our earthly history. in the Government Training College. After that he was enlisted for some years in the Maoris· of New Zealand Y. M. C. A. for war work overseas, and be- fore he came back to India he went to Lon· T HESE people have made extraor- don and took further teacher training in dinary progress in recent years. one of the best institutions there. A century ago they were almost savages, and on certain ceremonial Sialkot city always has been his. home. occasions actually indulged in canni- It was here that he grew up and attended balistic feasts. Today there are among school, here that he rendered unusually faiththem numerous capable doctors, law- ful and efficient service in the Christian yers, merchants, farmers, ranchmen 'l'raining Institute, here as an administrator. and holders of university degrees. A as a teacher, as a counsellor, and as a friend, bulletin issued by the National Geo- that he filled an extraordinarily large place, uot only with teachers and students, but in the community at large.

MISSJ[ONARY

Bolivar, Liberator of Venezuela, Colombia, limitations and, in some respects, to Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. Henry Rowan the lack of critical and unbiased judg- Lemly. 452 pages. 1 map. 22 illustra- ments of these national writers. This tions. $4.00. Bo,;ton. 1923. picture of the Liberator will help to fill a vacancy in historical and bio- "South of the Rio Grande, every graphical literature of the period; but man, woman and child knows who was the ideal and enduring biography of Washington. Surely we should not Bolivar is yet to be written. be ignorant of one whom Henry Clay ealled . The Washington of South w. R. W. America.' "

Thus Major H. R. Lemly, some time Modern Miilsions on the Spanish Main. By director of the National Military School at Bogota, a former colonel in w. Reginald Wheeler and Webster E. the Colombian Army and a retired Browning. Iilustrations, map, xii, 334 officer of the L'nited States Army, pp. Philadelphia: Westminster Press. writes in the preface of his biography $2.75. 1925. of Simon Bolivar. There have been many lives of Bolivar in Spanish but Early in 1923 a secretary ,and a this is the first book in English which prominent South American missionattempts to record in detail the career ary of the Presbyterian Board went to of one who has been called "the investigate its Ulissions in Colombia greatest personality of the heroic age and Venezuela. This popular report of South America." of that visit is somewhat technical and yet contains enough geographical, his- Major Lemly tells of the rise of torical, sociological and religious ma- Bolivar to the command of the revo- terial to enable the reader to picture lutionary armies in Yenezuela and to the envhl-onment and understand the the practical dictatorship over the problems connected with the work. Caribbean colonies of 'Spain. He points out some of the difficulties The account shows clearly the large which the South American patriots relative place. of the Presbyterian had to combat in their war of inde- work in these two republics and rependence, difficulties which, in many veals the educational and evangelistic ways, were even greater than those results that have come despite the lamentably imperfect equipment and which the American colonies faced in inadequate force of workers. their war with England. "The territory wbich became free as the result Chapter 17 will surprise those who of the war between Spain and her have thought of Colombia as a leadcolonies was about seven times as large ing Latin American Republic in its as the territory conceded to the United educational program for Mr. Wheel- States by the treaty of 1783." er's statistics show that the results are disappointing, with only ·358,9.28 Major Lemly has given in detail a pupils and students enrolled in its description of the various campaigns schools and higher institutions. The in which Bolivar took part and many percentage of Colombians who are of the addresses of Bolivar are given illiterate and illegitimate is very in translation. If any criticism is to high. In Venezuela, also, the official census places its illiteracy at eighty be made of the book, it would be that per cent, while other publications it follows too closely the South Amer- make it still higher. In the two reican sources and is subject to the publics these figures and other facts 77

fully justify the Presbyterian em- came into close contact with Moslems . phasis of educational work. One re- in Palestine and Arabia while engaged grets that, in addition to the detailed in medical work. He loves them and estimate of equipment needed for a seeks to lead others to understand five-year program, there is not also a them and to seek their conversion to strong appeal and an equally detailed Christ.

estimate of the missionary force re- An Outline of the Religion of Islam. H. W. Weitbrecht Stanton. Pamphlet. 49 quired. H. P. B. pp. ld. London. 1925.

Sidelights on the Crisis in India. Letters .ueginners, who seek to understand by H. Harcourt. 12mo. 118 pp. $1.25. Islam, will find here a short and ex- New York and London. 1924.

In an Indian civilian's letters to an ceptionally clear and helpful study of Indian friend and the latter's replies the origin, sources, doctrines, observ- we see pictured the present crisis in ances and effects of this religion, to- India. The author is a retired civil gether with statements of modern service man of twenty-five years' ex- changes and results of the contact of perience who has a warm regard for the Gospel with Islam. It is an excel- India and Indians, and a clear knowl- lent introduction.

edge of conditions. It is worth while An African Church in Building. Rt. Rev. to read his views on British Law and J. J. Willis of Uganda. 8vo. 118 pp. Administration, Religion, Gandhi, 28 Ga. London. 1925. Women, Education, etc. The jubilee of the Uganda Mission The Sunday School and the Healing of the of the C. M. S. makes this volume of Nations. Edited by John T. Faris. 12mo. especial interest at this fiftieth anni- 270 pp. New York. 1925. versary of Henry M. Stanley's letter to the Daily Telegraph, the event that The W orId's Sunday School Con- led to the rounding of the mission. vention at Glasgow in 1924 brought Bishop Willis, in well-chosen lantogether from fifty-four countries, guage, tells of the spiritual church 2,693 delegates, including a notable that has grown up there and of its body of Christian teachers whose ad- marvelous beauty and strength. Read dresses and discussions are here re- the story to see how God has wrought. ported. The world-wide infiuence of the Sunday-school, the progress made and the program for the future is here Bits of China. Christine I. Tinling. 12mo. recorded. Many stimulating ad- 220 pp. $1.50. New York. 1925.

dresses were given on prohibition, A traveler often notes. many things stewardship, the Sabbath, teacher that those of long residence in a countraining, lesson making and the su- try miss. Miss Tinling (whose name premacy of Christ. The book lacks an sounds Chinese but is not) traveled index. The statistics reported show for three years in China organizing a total enrollment of 32,677,611 temperance societies for the Woman's teachers and pupils in 347,001 Chris- Christian Temperance Union. She tian Sunday-schools of the world- saw much besides intemperance and two thirds of them in North America. women and, having a gifted pen, de- scribes many things that are inform- Islam and Its Need. W. Norman Leak. ing and entertaining-Shanghai with Pamphlet. 6d. London. 1925. its foreign and Chinese quarters; Here is an excellent statement as to Nanking, with the Ming tombs and the history, distribution, beliefs, prac. pulsing student life; a river trip up tices, ideals and characteristics of the Yangtze on a Chinese boat; Islam and its followers, with short Peking, the capital, with its schools, chapters on the contact of Islam with missions and politicians; Kiukiang, Christianity, methodij of approacih and with its teachers' institute; Canton, the effect of the war. The author . with its boat people, market, insane asylum and Christian college; Chung- the superhuman character of Chrisking, a great western walled city of tianity. Szechuan, and Chengtu, with its modern Christian university. Miss Stories of Great Hymns of the Church. Tinling vividly pictures the opium Silas H. Paine. 12mo. 795 pp. $3.00. evil, the oddities and discomforts of Montelair, N. J. 1925. travel, exciting experiences of fire and bandits and the encouraging re- A former officer of the Standard Oil sults of mission work. Company and an officer in Broadway Tabernacle, New York, rendered a Ben and Kit. M. E. Drewsen. 12mo. 104 useful service to many pastors and pp. Is 3d net. Glasgow. 1925. other workers by gathering stories concerning eight hundred and five American Christians are prone to great Christian hymns. forget the home mission problems of England. This little story of the Later Evangelistic Sermons. W. E. Bieder- London waifs gives a glimpse of the wolf. 12mo. 125 pp. 75 cents.· Chicago. darkness and of the Light that is shin- 1925. ing in "Darkest England." Eleven wrmons on faith, life, sin, Life Story of David Livingstone. J. J. Ellis. salvation, and God's love have been 12mo.. 64 p~. Is net. Glasgow. 1925. used to save and transform hundreds of men and women. They are biblical This biography of one of the and gripping. "Mighty Men" of missionary annals is brief, cheap and poorly printed but Die Herren der Erde. (The Lords of the it gives the main incidents of the Earth.) Ferdinand Brockes. 385 pp. hero's life and the lessons taught. C. Ed. MiilIer. Halle, Germany. 1923.

A Nature Mystic's Clue. Dwight Goddard. This, a "romance of future days," 8vo. 281 pp. $2.00. 1925. as it is called by the author, is an in- In the story of the son of a Canadian woodchopper and a school terpretation of Biblical passages bearteacher, the author gives his ideas of God, the soul, and of love as the" ulti- ing on the second coming of Christ. mate cosmic principle." Most missionary leaders of America, Dr. Fosdick's Book: A Review by I. M. Haldeman. 12mo. 116 pp. $1.00. Phila- Great Britain, and the Continent of delphia. 1925. Europe, will not accept the author's Clearly and candidly one famous Baptist preacher of New York dis- viewpoint that missions have ceased sects another famous Baptist preacher's lectures on "The ~fodern Use of for the Gentile ChristIan Church and the Bible, " pointing out their definite disagreements with the Bible and have become a part of the new task their logical rationalistic outcome. Dr. Fosdick asserts his loyalty to of the restored Israel after the great Christ as the Son of God, his belief in salvation through Him and his battle of the Christ and Anti-Christ, faith in immortality, while at the l>ame time he discredits the reliability and the casting out of Satan from this and authority of the Bible as a true record of Jesus' life, works and teach- world has been accomplished. The ings. Dr. Haldeman points out the inconsistency of these two positions whole romance is centered about the and the way that rationalism undermines faith in God's omnipotence and three cities of Moscow, Berlin and Constantinople, which latter city is regarded as the Babylon of Scripture prophecy. D. B.

The Gospel of John. A Handbook for Chris- tian Leaders. Benjamin W. Robinson. 275 pp. $2.25. New YorK. 1925.

The writer of this handbook holds that John the son of Zebedee, is not the author of this Gospel and that the" Disciple whom Jesus loved" was another John, a young disciple, not one of the twelve apostles. Dr. Robin- son believes that the author lived in Jerusalem, and though an eyewitness of the scenes described, was unfami- Divine Love; The Death of Christ; The Holy Spirit. The method is liar with Galilean topography. He topical, but the arrangement of ma- terial in each study is analytical. holds that this John later be- Thus Chapter IV traces through the references to Christ as the Life, up to came the preacher, at Ephesus and the climax at 20; 31.

that this Gospel was intimately con- The book is scholarly as well as practical. Care has been taken to nected with the life of his Ephesian give the most satisfactory readings of disputed passages. The author has converts, as for instance, the sixth definite opinions on exegetical ques- tions, but these are introduced only chapter which" consists of a talk that when they add interest and value to the study. Several of them are given John gave on communion day" (p. in footnotes, including some excellent discussions of New Testament Greek 140). He believes that the Gospel synonyms.

was published in completed form in Especial attention is directed to the chapter on the Holy Spirit, which 100 A.D., after the death of the forms a fitting climax. The book is readable and its great value lies in author; chapter 21 being an appen- its presentation of the standpoint of John himself in writing his Gospel. dix. o. R. S. Robinson stands squarely for the trustworthiness of the Gospel narra- tive though he does not assign the authorship to John the son of Zebedee -in spite of the weighty arguments advanced from the book itself by such scholars as Westcott and Sanday. He senses the spirituality of the book, and in some cases may be thought to over-emphasize it without denying the reality of its character. o. R. S.

The Leading Themes of the Gospel of John. The Hebrews Epistle in the Light of the W. E. Vine, M.A. 12mo. 141 pp. 28. Types. Sir Robert Anderson, K.C.B., net. Glasgow. 1924. LL.D. Hmo. 182 pp. Glasgow. 38, 6d.

The outstanding feature of this Bishop Westcott, in the 1892 edibook is the author's thorough appre- tion of his Commentary on the Epistle ciation of the purpose and construc- to the Hebrews, said; "The more I tion of the Gospel according to John. study the tendencies of the times in Without pausing to discuss critical some of the busiest centers of English problems, such as those of disarrange- life, the more deeply I feel that the ments in the contents of the Gospel, Spirit of God warns us of our most he points out that it has a "Divinely urgent civil and spiritual dangers arranged order" (p. 10); and a through the prophecies of Jeremiah reverent sense or its profundity is and the Epistle to the Hebrews." shown throughout. It is viewed as These words are quite as appropriate the revelation both of Christ's glories today. Sir Robert Anderson's timely and His grace, and each revelation is volume does not aim to be a comseen to be connected with a particular mentary on the Epistle, but rather to purpose of God for His children. The bring the light of the Old Testament question or authorship is not raised, types to bear upon it. He emphasizes the Gospel being allowed to testify to the importance of the Pentateuch, pointing out that the Christian revelaits own genuineness. tion is based on historic Judaism. The leading themes of the Gospel Of this Epistle he writes: "Its are concerned directly with Christ, purpose is not to tell how sinners may and with closely related subjects. be saved, but to unfold the infinite They include; The Prologue of the fulness there is in Christ for sinners Gospel; Christ as the Word; Christ who have obtained salvation." (p. as the Light; Christ as the Life; 126.) He sums up the thought of He- Christ, the Sent One; The Subject brews by saying that it "unfolds the of "Believing"; Witnesses to Christ;

that the divinely appointed Toto and' Sundri are like other inter-

esting boys and girls, but become shrine, with its divinely ordered Christians and finally enter Christian service. The last chapter is a list of ritual, and all its gorgeous furniture suggestions for teaching the six chap- ters in ~ix lessons. living and dead, were but the shadows NEW BOOKS of heavenly realities; and that, with Arnot of Africa (~issionary Lives for Chilthe coming of the Son of God, the dren). Nigel Grahame. 59 pp. 65 cents. George H. Doran Co. New York. 1925. morning of shadows was past, for the Moffat of Africa (Missionary Lives for light that cast them was now in the Children). Norman J. Davidson. 59 pp. 65 cents. George H. Doran Co. New zenith of an eternal noon." (pp. 38, York. 1925.

39.) Between Black and White. Henry Hugh Proetor. 189 pp. Congregation'al Pub- In discussing the problem of author- lishing Society or Pilgrim Press. Boston and Chicago. 1925. ship, two names are suggested-Luke Chrysanthemum. Mrs. Robert Gillies. 18 and Paul; others are said to be mere 6d. China Inland Mission. London. 1925.

conjectures. It is claimed that the Education of Christian Ministers in China. Samuel H. Leger. 118 pp. Union Theoauthor is Paul, speaking not as logical Seminary. Foochow, China. 1925.

Apostle to the Gentiles, but as the The Key to Faith. Michael O. Gershenson. Translated by Herman Frank. 156 pp. Messianic witness to Israel. A re- $1.50. Macmillan .co. New York. 1925.

semblance is pointed out between this Never Again: Everyland Stories. 200 pp. $1.50 each. Four copies, postp:ri-d; $5.00. Epistle and Paul's sermon to the Everyland Publishing Co. West Medford, Mass. 1925. Jews at Pisidian Antioch (Acts 13). Penny Object Lessons: 25 Lessons for 26 The author suggests that the last Cents. C. H. Woolston, Homer Rodeheaver and F. B. Lane. 25 cents. Rodeheaver chapter of Hebrews, which "sounds Co. Chicago an d Philadelphia. 1925.

like Paul," is a "covering letter" Peace on Earth-A Study for Today. Edited by Rhoda MeCulloch aud Margaret written to accompany the treatise. Burton. 144 Pl'. 30 cents. Central Com- mittee on the United Study of Foreign He thinks Paul may have had Luke Missions. West Medford, Mass. 1925.

for his amanuensis, and that this A Parent's Guide to Children's Reading. Mary Graham Bonner. 143 Pl" $1.75. partly accounts for the peculiarities Funk & Wagnalls Co. New York. 1925.

of style. Surveying Your Community: A Handbook of Method for the Rural Church. Ed· A glance at the table of contents mund de S. Brunner. 109 pp. $1.25. George H. Doran Co. New York. 1925. and the appendices suggests the Tales of Young Japan. Pie Series. Conscholarly character of the book which tributed by People Who Lived in Japan. 61 pp. Is. Church Missionary Society. shows careful study and a wide knowl- London. 1925.

edge of the Scriptures. The author's Art Blotters. Five in a set, in Art Envelopes: exegesis of specific passages is inter- 1. Prayer and Missions. 2. Little Fl'iends of All Lands. esting, though sometimes open to 3. The Me""ning of Christmas. 4. Union College Series (6 in a set). question. It is supported by frequent 5. Ginling College. 6. Isabella Thoburn College. appeals to the Greek. c. R. S. 25 cents a single set; $2.00 for 10 sets Negro Year Book-An Annual. 1925-1926. of one series; $15.00 for 100 sets of one Edited by Monroe N. Work. 520 pp. series; $65 for 500 sets of oue series. Maps and charts. $1.00, paper; $1.50, Mrs. T. J. Howells, 324 Spencer Avenue, boards. 1925. Cal'fick, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Every subject related to the Negro -statistical, political, physical, social, occupational, educational and religious-are dealt with concisely and in, telligently in this Year Book, edited by a Negro for the information of all races. Dr. 'Work of Tuskegee Institute shows the magnitude and importance of the problem and the progress that the American Negro is making. This is an excellent book of reference.

Toto and Sundri. Emma A. Robinson. 16 mO. 103 pp. Paper, 40 cents. 1922.

A story of a boy and girl of India in a Methodist mission school, with questions at the close of each chapter.

WITH DR

After a visit to South Africa in the interest of work for Moslems there Dr. Zwemer held Summer Conferences in Europe and returned to Cairo abont October 1st. Next year he w"il1 go to Mesopotamia and India. By your prayers and gifts you can help in this far-reaching work and can supply the much needed Christian Literature for Moslems.

Egypt Syria Russia China Morocco Palestine Persia Java Algiers Turkey India Sumatra Tunis Arabia Malaysia South Africa These countries are furnished with Christ's Message through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems cooperating with the Nile Mission Press and with Interdenominational Comtnittees on the fields to give the Gospel Me!:sage through the printed page.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS William I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson. of New York. Vice Presidents Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D., Cairo, Honorary Field Secretary Rev. Ernest W .. Riggs Dr. Frank Mason North Mrs. William Borden Dr. William B. Anderson Mrs. William Bancroft Hill Mr. Fennell P. Turner Miss Anna A. Milligan Dr. John H. Raven Mrs. D. L. Pierson Send your contributions to MRS. E. E. OLCOTT, Treasurer, 322 West 75th Street, New York City.

Apply for information and literature to MRS. JAMES M. MONTGOMERY, Secre- tary, I West 72nd Street, New York City.

HOW DR. HOWARD KEllY Studies the Bible ~his great surgeon and scientist, honored by learned so- cieties in Europe and America as few men of our genera- tion, wrote last year his epoch-making testimony to the Old Faith. Now he will tell what his personal methods of daily Bible study have been for the past forty years, and how he digs treasures from the Word. This indescribably rich contribution will appear, early in 1926, exclusively in .

(I••ued every week) 0'"…~.

<).'0" 01- i~$Iune,aodnditthioen,InthteernTaitmioeJnacloUntnaiifnosrmno less than twelve lesson-helps in each …,." 111 Lessons, while a wealth of special THI! :0.<> 40 ~/ articles Oft Sunday-school methods, research in Bible lands, and SURAY SCHOOL " ~resent-day problems of Christian thought and life, o~e n~ C~::ANY 0'S.~· P.~Ip_ Pa unerdenominational, international journal almost indispensa- hie to the earnest Christian. Will you try it! Subscrip- .,;J".."..,<J Forthe25cenlsenclosed;lea;" tion rates 'If,2.00 a year, or $1. SO in clubs of five or more »rPi send The Sunday School Times copies, either to separate addresses or one address. ~~0~:1(; for 10 weeks to 2S cents, mailed with the coupon, will bring the . 0"<" Name ………….,………..,…….. , .paper to you for 10 weeks.

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P/'l1se smd mtals1 a fruCfJpr of,our catailJfof btOA publicaticnl

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1925

A PICTURESQUE PROMENADE IN PEKING UNION MEDICAL

Clearance Sales ~~~ to reduce stocks before we move A MOST unusual opportunity 1 Reductions in every department in the store. Because of our move this Fall to 49th Street and Fifth Avenue we are holding a general clearance sale this Spring to reduce our stocks. Some of the articles included are Damask, Fancy and Bed Linens, Towels, Blankets, Comfortables, Laces, Hosiery and Women's Personal Apparel.

Write today for "Clearance Sale Booklet No. 29"

us Req. Rlt. Off. James McCutcheon & Co.

"Department w.o. 20 Fifth Avenue, 33rd and 34th 8t8., New York Will You Work with Dr. Zwemer?

After spending three months in Egypt he is planning to visit South Africa in the interest of work for Moslems there. Later he will go to Mesopotamia and India. You can go with him and help in this work by your prayers and gifts to supply Christian Literature for Moslems.

Egypt Syria Russia China Morocco Palestine Persia Java Algiers Turkey India Sumatra Tunis Arabia Malaysia South Africa These countries are furnished with Christ's Message through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems cooperating with the Nile Mission Press and with Interdenominational Committees on the fields to give the Gospel Message through the printed page.

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS William 1. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson, of New York, Vice Presidents Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D., Cairo, Honorary Field Secretary Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Dr. Frank Mason North Mrs. William Borden Mrs. William Bancroft Hill Dr. William B. Anderson ~ Dr. John H. Raven Mr. Fennel! P. Turner Miss Anna A. Milligan Mrs. D. L. Pierson Send your contributions to MRS. E. E. OLCOTT, Treasurer, 322 West 75th Street, New York City. c _ Apply for information and literature to MRS. JAMES M. MONTGOMERY, Secre- tary, I West 72nd Street, New York City.

Please mention THE MISSIONA.RY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers~ of THE MISSIONARY Review the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor CONTENTS FOR MAY, 1925 Page FRONTISPIECE ……….. THE PROMF..NAl>E OF UNION MEDICAL COLLEGE, PEKING EDITORIALS ……………………………………………………… 341 HAS THE AIM OF MISSIONS CILNGED~' A YOUTH MOVEMENT IN KOREA INFLUENCE OF IMM[GRANTS ON AMER- RELIGIOUS CONTROL 1N TURKEY !CAN LIJ<'E PIONEERING IN EAS·TERN LAOS LAND …………. , … , …. HUGH TAYLOR 349 An interesting story of a recent trip am011g unrrtrangelized tribes on the eastern border of Siam.

JAVA AND THE DUTCH EAST INDIES, ……………. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER 355 Facta in regard to tM remarkable work in Maln.ysia, as gathered by])r. Zwemer in his recent visit to this field where thousands of Moha1ll!medam", have become Christians.

DESTROYING ONE HUNDRED IDOl,S ……….. MRS. E}'lMA DRESSEL SMITH 362 The story of the voluntary destrtwti01' of images in, Western China, following the preacTving of the Gospel by missionarie8.

EFFECTIVE PRAYER FOR MISSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RoBERT F. HORTON 36~ A thoughtful study by a pastor of long experience who g'ives his eonviotions as to the importance and value 0/ ilflterec8sion.

FOREIGN STUDENTS IN AMERICA ………….. ,' ,W. REGINAW WHEELER 365 An excursion into what is to many a'llunkn.own field among the thousands of young men and young women of m.any nationaltities Ivho are brought into cm- tact with Christians and non-Christians it, the United States.

DIFFICULT CONDITIONS IN BRAZIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FRANK L. BAKER 369 Some of the obstacles to evangelical Christianity encountered in this great republic where paganism, infidelity, formal religious observances twd Christianity contend for the mastery.

RELIGION AND ANTI-RELIGION IN RUSSIA ………….. R;t)CENT VISITORS 371 Bome interesting and illuminating observations made by experienced and keen observers as to what is going on in R1tssia between extreme radicalism and conservatism and between a.nti-rdigiotls propllganaa and the simple faith of the multitudes.

AHMED OF BAGHDAD ……………………………………………• 380 The story Of how a young man, now a studen-t of the American Un,iversity in Cairo, was led to faith in Jesus C/wist and an open eo·"fession of Him.

BEST METHODS FOR DOING T1UJ IMPOSSIBLE .. EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK 382 WOMEN'S HOME AND FOmnGN MIfSSION BULLETINS …. , .. ,……… 391 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 397 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY 413i TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1925, by MISSIONARY REVlEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

Robert E. Speer. President William I. Chamberla.in, Vice-President PUbUcati~llel:m~~, LSdP~r~:ii7Si~~~i7arrl'bUJ;lr Editorial :u~tf{usfn~~~~~1 ~r;;BFr~ AT.nu. Po.. 250 a OOP7 '2.60 .. 7….. New York City IIlltered al .-.nd-cl"". matt.r ..t the POlt om…. Harrisburg, Pa., under Act ot March 3, 1871. The bandit saYI– HARTFORD "YOUR MONEY OR YOUR LIFE" SEMINARY FOUNDATION The Master says– Hartford, Conn.

"YOUR MONEY AND YOUR LIFE" W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, :President You can both live and give at the Theological Seminary Dea.n, 'X. W. Ja.eQb~B same time. School of Religious :Pedagogy ANNUITY AGREEMENTS Dean, E. H. Knight show the way. Xennedy SchOOl of Missions Dean, E. W. C&pen Write for information to- Morris W. Ebneo, Treasu=, Board of Foreign Through these associated schools Hartford offers full training for Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, t50 1. The Christian lIIlnlltry. Filth Ave., New York, N. Y. 2. Religious J:ducatlon and Social Service, W. J. Elliott, Treasurer, Boord 01 Home Mis- S. ~he Foreign Field.

sions and Church Extension 01 the Methodist Epis- Each school has its independent faculty and copal Church, t 70 t Arch St.. Philadelphia. its own institutional life and together they form one interdenominational institution with the unity ot a com;mon aim and spirit.

The plan for a group of eight buildings for the Foundation is being carried out. Mackende Hall, the woman's dormitory, is already com- pleted and occupied under direction of the Dean of Women, Mrs. Lester McLean, Jr~ Construc- tion has begun on Knight Hall, a classroom building, and Avery Hall, the library.

PERSONALS REV. LEYTON RICHARDS, successor to· Dr. .T. H. Jowett in Birmingham, England, is REV. W. C. POOLE, Ph.D., President of the touring the United States this spring in the interests of international understanding and World's Sunday School Association, arrived good will, under the auspices of the National (i'ouncil for Prevention of War. in New York on April 7th. .. * * *** REV. GODFREY PHlliliIPB and REV. V. A. REV. OHA&LES W. IGLEHART, for some years a Methodist missionary in Japan, has BARRADALE have been appointed secretaries been made an acting Associate Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, in special of the London Missionary Society, the charge of home base cultivation.

former to have special charge of the mis- OBITUARY sions in India and Mr. Barradale those in Africa, Madagascar and the South Sea Islands. .. * * REV. A. W. EL.1>1SLIE, who has just retired from the Livingstonia Mission, has been con- MRS. J. L. STUART, for fifty·one years a Presbyterian missionary in China, died in tinuously at work in Nyasllland since 1884. Peking on January 16th, at the age of **• eighty·three. Rer husband, who died eleven years ago, had spent forty-five years in mis- T. Z. Koo, who has been for several years sionary service, and their son, Dr. J. Leigh- ton Stuart, is president of Peking Univer- " secretary of the National Council of the sity. Y. M. O. A. of Ohina, is also secretary of RIGHT 1{ON. LORD PENTLAND, President the Wodd 's Student Christian Federation. of the British Committee of the Wodd 's In the latter capacity he is now visiting Sunday School Assoeiation and also of the Glasgow (ionvention Council, died in March, . . . American COlleges and universities. aged sixty·four.

REV. S. HALL YOUNG, who had been planning to make an extensive trip through the country in the interests of Presbyterian missionary work in Alaska, was taken very ill in Denver and has been Obliged to rnucel . . his engagements. REV. FREDER.ICK FA.Y WOLFE, missionary MIss AMELIA D. KEMP has been ap- of the M. E. Church in Mexico for sixteen pointed E,xeeutive Secretary of the Women's years, died January 12th at Lima, Peru, Missionary Society of the United Lutheran whither he haed just _been transferred as Church in America to succeed Mrs. Helen superintendent of the North Andes Mission Conference. Beegle who died several months ago.

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THEMI-nIONARY

EVIEW1fe VOL. MAY, 1925 NUMBER XLVIII FIVE HAS THE AIM Oli' .MISSIONS CHANGF~D~ "

G OD had but one Son and He was a missionary, sent by God into the world to save men from sin and secure for them eternal life. That was the aim of Carey, Marshman and Ward, the founders of modern Foreign Missions. That was the aim of Alexander Duff, the founder of Educational .Missions in India. That was the aim of David Livingstone in living and dying for Africa. That was the aim of Hudson Taylor in founding the China Inland Mission, and that was the aim of Adoniram Judson in giving his life for the redemptiQn or regeneration of Burma. Since Christ commissioned His disciples to go into all the world to preach the Gospel and baptize believers, the regeneration of men has been the one great aim of all mission work. Has that aim changed ~ .

Professor Gerald Birney Smith of Chicago University is reported to have said in an article in Biblical World of November, 1919, "Gradually we have come to see that it is religiously desirable that the Christianizing of non-Christian peoples shall mean the strengthening and purification of the best religious and moral traits of their native faith, rather than its complete eradication." Again this same professor says, "Today the missionary enterprise is being shifted from a program of rescuing a few souls from eternal disaster to the ideal of a long campaign of education and social reconstruction in the non-Christian nations. Increased emphasis is being placed on the social and political future of the non-Christian peoples on this earth." Think of that coming from a professor in a Christian college!

But is it true~ Those who have seen missionaries at work in India, China, Japan, Africa, and elsewhere, have seen no sign~ of their changed attitude or aim in mission work. Missionaries have not been unmindful of social and civic betterment; they have planted ,., From an editorial in The Baptist Missionary Review of lndia.

341

and carried on schools and colleges, hospitals and industrial institutions. But all these have been supplementary to the one great aim of preaching the Gospel of faith in Christ as the only means of regeneration and the only way of securing salvation and eternal life. Perhaps some teachers in the homo land regard this as foolishness. Others in Paul's day said this, but Paul said, "It pleased God by the foolishness of preaching to save them that believe." That was God's aim and method in Paul's day and it is the same today: "Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, today and for ever," and His method of saving men has not changed.

INFLUENCE OF IMMIGRANTS ON AMERICAN LIFE M ILLIONS of people from other lands have come to America in search for political, economic, social and religious liberty, and for an opportunity to educate families in healthful surroundings. Most of these immigrants have come from countries with far differ",nt ideals and customs; the vast majority of them are poor and uneducated from the American standpoint. Laws have been passed to keep out criminals, the diseased and dependent paupers, but no law has been devised for sifting out the indolent, the moral weaklings, or those with distorted social and political ideas.

What has been, and what is to be, the influence of these immigrants on American ideals, institutions and standards of life~ In former years when the majority of these foreign-born came from northern and easterIl Europe, the problem was less acute. Poverty did not hinder progress but stimulated industry; strength of character and high purpose prevailed, rather than a desire to get money and power by hook or crook. This COUIltry will ever be indebted to such men as .heob Riis, the Schiff and Straus families, Edward A. Steiner, Edward Bok, Michael Pupin and a countless host of others who arrived on these shores poor but honest, and who have helped to make America what she is today. Of recent years, however, the desire for mom.y-getting seems to have prevailed, and many ·foreigners have come, not to contribute their best or to obtain the best that America has to offer, but have sought to introduce many undesirable and harmful customs oppoSE'd to the standards and ideals that dominated the founders of this republic. These newcomers found a Christian Sabbath and are endeavoring to substitute a European holiday, commercialized so as to be a hindrance to rest and worship. They found strict laws guarding the sanctity of marriage and the home, and those without these ideals ate endeavoring to inake matrimony a temporary contract and the home merely a hotel. They found Ohristian ideals.in education, with respect for the Bible and its teachings; many are endeavoring to make Mllcation a means only for getting wealth without any reference to character.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

They found a free constitutional government based on an educated popularsuffrage; they are making public office a contemptuous byword because of the prevalence of corruption and self-seeking. They found the Christian religion established, though not as a state institution; they are endeavoring to substitute atheism, agnosticism, materialism or communism in its stead. The fault do'es not lie with the multitudes of uneducated but honest immigrants, but with those -both of native and foreign birth-whose quick wits, unenlightened antecedents and selfish instincts give them leadership without moral character and high ideals.

What will the immigrants do to America if America does not bring them into sympathy with enlightened Christian standardR of character and conducU These immigrants are multiplying faster than the native-born stock. They are, as a rule, more eager for education and power, and are more willing to endure hardship for the present in order that they may gain their ends. They prefer to make their own laws or to enjoy license rather than to submit to those that have made America great and free.

This is,' no doubt, the fault of Americans. Many of the immigrants have come asking bread and have been given a stone. 'rhey have looked for a paradise in the "promised land" and have found crowded slums and sweat shops with starvation wages. They have not been patiently trained in American institutions, laws, and ideals so as to prepare them for intelligent citizenship, with sympathy for our laws and customs and with friendly help in securing an education, obtaining suitable employment and establishing true homes.

Rev. Kenneth D. Miller, a Presbyterian minister who has had first-hand experience in work with and for the immigrant, says: "Even when contacts are made by immigrants with what are presumably the better elements in American life, th~ result is not always what one would wish. A number of boys of immigrant parentage were taken to a big college football game, in the hope that thus their interest in higher education might be stimulated. The experience will not be repeated. It may be possible for college graduates to explain why it is that so many college men feel that they cannot properly celebrate their return to the college town for a big game without getting drunk. But it is rather difficult to erase from the minds of unsophisticated immigrant boys the impression that this is 'college life' and such the standards of the privileged classes of America…. Many an immigrant father and mother tell in scandalized tones of the 'goings-on' of their young people who are but aping their American brothers and sisters of the colleges, universities and country clubs. "

'l'here is much difference of opinion as to the influence of the immigrant on American life. Many look upon him as the great peril, threatening the integrity of our national life, undermining our

national institutions, demoralizing our social order, responsible for the degeneracy of our racial stock. He is sometimes held responsible for unemployment, female and child labor, the introduction of machinery, unsafe coal mines, low standards among wage earners, strikes, industrial crises, congestion in great cities, pauperism, crime, insanity, race suicide, gambling, the Continental Sunday, parochial schools, atheism, political corruption, municipal misrule, radicalism, socialism, Bolshevism, and anarchy. Without doubt if all the facts were known and if prejudice was eliminated it would be found that these evils are not all due to the immigrant. They are due rather to selfish materialism wherever found.

The immigrant is doing a large part of America's work, bnilding our office buildings, constructing our tunnels and highways, making our automobiles, our clothes, our machinery, our steel, and mining our coal, our iron, our copper. Hundreds of farms which had been abandoned by Americans have been taken up and worked successfully by Poles, Slovaks and other immigrants. The rolling prairies of the central west and the southwest are cultivated by Germans, Scandinavians and Czechs. Hundreds of thriving immigrant banks and building and loan societies bear testimony to the healthy frugality of new citizens.

The influx of so many different races and nations makes for the development of the international mind in the American people. The injection of these wider interests and more catholic sympathies into the provincialism and narrowness of our isolated American life cannot but be of value.

The influence of immigrants on American life will he determilled by the influence of American life upon the immigrants. They generally arrive in a plastic, receptive frame of mind. They are expecting great things in the great land. If they are met with friendly and patient courtesy, with a desire to help them become established and to discover the best in American institutions, then they will hecome loyal citizens, ready to live and to die for their new country_ If they are met with suspicion, rude treatment and cruel exploitation, then they will jn turn hecome suspicious, rude, cruel and selfishly indifferent to the welfare of the nation. The best investment that the State and the Church can make jointly will be a school that offers to every immigrant an opportunity for training in loyal citizenship, in the development of character, in industrial efficiency and in Christian ideals.

A YOUTH MOVEMENT IN KOREA T HE young men and young women of Korea were first awakened by the Gospel of Christ. Then came Japan and took away their independence. This aroused their patriotism and helped to stimulate their ambition to know more so that they could take their

EDITORIAL COMMENT 34

place in the nation and the world. William E. Shaw writes as fol- lows in the Korea Mission Field: This movement of the youth of Korea can be directed Christ- ward if those in places of leadership will be big enough to lay aside every weight of barren tradition and blighting prejudice.

A conference was held last summer at Chai Ha Dong-"the place of many colored mists' '—-among the hills just outside of Songdo. Thither young men came to find God, to talk with Him, to walk with Him and to commune with Him, to face, in the spirit of Christ, the big issues of this new day.

They met to discuss such questions as the following; What about the authority of the Bible–is it gone or going, or has it greater power and effectiveness than ever before? Shall we believe modern science as taught in our schools or shall we believe the Bible-or can we accept both of them, modern science at least tentatively1 Have we the right to rebel against what seems wrong to us? What about our old customs-shan we shelve them~ And the new ones coming from foreign lands-shall we adopt them ~ Who shall choose our wives for us-our parents or ourselves f Can we honorably get out from under the yoke of marriage placed on us by others f Has love any place in marriage 1 In the face of an unbearable economic situation, what shall we do-adopt the materialistic attitude of the rest of the world or the spiritual viewpoint of J esus ~ With country gone, shall we practice the 8ermon on the Mount 1 Is not that a fairly large order for a six-day conference of young men averaging about twenty years of age?

These questions are real, vital, pressing in the lives of the youth of Korea. Frank discussion followed addresses by leaders who came fortified not only with a knowledge of their subjects but with a familiarity with the way of Jesus as well. The students came to find what Jesus had to say about the things which were bothering them, and they themselves helped. in the solution of the problems. by an evident sincere desire to be guided by the spirit of Jesus. He faced eternal problems and He reached eternal solutions.

Suppose that, without your conseut, you are married at the age of fourteen to a women five or six years your senior. You cut your classes-first-year high school, perhaps-to get the ceremony over with. At least you have a chance then to see what you drew. You are studious and ambitious, so you return to school, graduate, get the opportunity to go to America, go, graduate and return to your homeland to find that your wife and numerous progeny have eloped with another man. Now, in the mission school, there is a young lady graduating whom yon would have chosen as your help-mate if your old national customs had not wished another one on you. You have never loved the older woman. Certainly her elopement has not deepened your regard for her. What would you do? Nay, what

would Jesus do-which is infinitely more important even if only your own permanent peace of mind is concerned. What did the boys at the conference decide that a Ohristian should do~ Forget the older woman and marry the younger one if possible ~ Be it far from them! Divorce the woman who had run away and remain single ~ Perhaps an easy way out of an awkward situation. Divorce the woman and marry the college girH No! Mark well the student's answer! Go to the runaway wife and invite her back to share your home! Here is a man who will go the prophet Hosea one better, for Hosea probably did love Gomer in the first instance.

Face this situation with our Korean boys. You have no coun- try. Some one has slipped it out from under your pillow while you were asleep. You have no flag to wave nor national anthem to sing. Even your national history is slipping away into mythology. Ohrist says, "Love your enemies, do good to them t4at hate you, pray for them which despitefully use you and persecute you." Have you Ohristian grace enough to "play up and play the game" against odds lik~ thaU Have you learned to turn the other cheek?

Picture this. Your personal property is nil. Houses, lands, stocks and bonds, factories, mines, railroads-practically everything from pigs to post-holes belongs to the other fellow, and perhaps you cannot talk to him for he may not understand your language! Where are you going to put your trust-in Karl Marx's philosophy of economic determinism or in Jesus' philosophy of the Golden Rule ~ The temptation is to follow England and America and the rest of the world, and to get all you can and keep all you get. But even there you are up against a stone wall for there is nothing loose. even on one end. Even Gandhi's philosophy of non-cooperation would fail you in this situation, for your cooperation is not needed and your passive resistance is futile. Now what will you do-turn Bol- shevist and put your trust "in reeking tube and iron shard," or in . Him who proclaimed blessings upon the meek and promised them the earth, but who also commanded His followers to lay not up treasure upon earth but to leave all and follow Him 1 Hard problems these-harder and more real to a Korean boy than whether creation Was a matter of days or reons or whether God is a triumphant fact or a pious fiction-which really are not serious problems for the naturally religious Korean mind. It is real, prac- tical problems for which young Korea wants a solution, and those who attended this conference wanted Ohrist's solution.

Someone says that you cannot mix religion and politics. If that means anything in this present day it means that you cannot mix religion with reality, and that religion has nothing to do with practical affairs. You may believe that, but youth the world around is insisting that you can mix them and that you must mix them and that they will mix them-and that is the Youth Movement!

EDITORIAL COMMENT

The heart of the conference was, however, in the early morning hour when each day the students climbed the mountain-side alone, sat beside a tiny, whispering mid-summer mountain stream and met God face to face. That was what made the conference a thing long to be remembered, for it was those hours which put us into the spirit of the meeting and brought us to Ohrist's attitude in these vexing problems. God spoke to us in eternal certainties at those times: "I am the way, the truth and the life; if you regard iniquity in your heart the Lord will not hear; thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart; God has made all nations of one blood; anyone who does not possess the spirit of Ohrist does not belong to Him; thou art come to the kingdom for such a time as this! Quit you like men, be strong!"

RELIGIOUS CONTROL IN TURKEY W HILE the Caliphate (or office of the religious and civil head of Islam) has been abolished in Turkey and the Caliph has beel1 banished, Turkey is still avowedly a Moslem State. The Oonstitution recognizes Islam as the national religion. The office of Oaliph was abolished because of a suspicion that, being of the Imperial family, he might hatch reactionary plots in Oonstantinople. The Sta,te also coveted the properties and income of the Caliphate to help pay government expenses.

One evidence that rrurkey is a Moslem land with a Moslem government is that those who break the fast of Ramazan are liable to fine or imprisonment. Shops must be closed on Friday and there is an effort to compel such firms as the Anatolian Railroad, the Ottoman Bank, the Public Debt Commission, and even the Standard Oil Oompany, to dismiss all non-Moslem employees. All this is not so much religious zeal as an effort to stir up nationalistic fanaticism aud "patriotism. " The leaders in Angora are not thought to be deeply religious men; but they believe that these measures will insure the dominance of the Turks. Not only has the edict gone forth (with some exceptions) that none but Turkish signs shall be displayed by shops and firms; but a notice in the papers recently said that the police were to arrest any street-vendors who cry their wares in any other language than Turkish, even in Greek quarters. Will the next step be to compel all schools to use Turkish as the only medium of teaching'

An encouraging sign of a measure of freedom of the press is the criticism of officials and of official acts. A recent editorial by Hussein Djahid, in Tanin, speaks boldly against mixing religion with politics: One cannot but feel a certain revolt and disgust at the idea of making use of religion as a political instrument. . . . Let our officials adopt a clear and definite line of conduct; let them tell the whole country-what are their

principles and their convictions; have they constituted a secular state, and have they separated religious affairs from profane?' Are they in favor of liberalism and a new system, or are they acting under the influence of the theocratic ideas of the past T Do they wish to tyrannize over our opinions and beliefs, and demand here and now the. account that each one must give before God on the Judgment Day T If our leaders, while they talk loudly of the separation of religion from secular affairs, do not acknowledge any such liberty except for themselves, and if they begin to hand over to the law courts people who break the fast, each one will have the right to say to them, "Gentlemen, pray use your common sense!" . . . If the Government believes that it is charged with the task of compelling, through the police and the law courts, obedience to the provisions of the religious law, does it think that the p,rovisions of that law include nothing but this fast that comes but once a yearT Have they forgotten the prayers 1 Where is the obligation to charity' Where have they relegated the pilgrimage to the tomb of the Prophet? Why do they not deliver oyer to the law courts those who do not practice these Y Such comments in the public press of Turkey are sure to influence thinking Moslems. Either Turkey must be dominated by Mos- lem laws and customs or it must be a free state granting liberty of conscience and conduct so far as this is in harmony with justice, morality and loyalty to the country. In this connection it is encouraging to note that the Y. M. C. A.

in Constantinople is still permitted to ca.rry on its religious and social work. Mr. D. A. Davis, the secretary for Eastern Europe, says: " The membership of the Y. M. C. A. last March was 985, the highest in the history of the Association, an increase of 382 over the previous year. A Boys ' Work Department was organized in Stamboul, the old quarter of the city, and beginnings made in Pera. Thlrteen groups of boys under trained leaders are following regularly the Christian Citizenship Training Program. A Federation of Boys' Olubs of Oonstantinople has been organized. Distinctly religious activities are not forbidden. On the contrary there has been a steady increase in interest in this phase of our activities. Attendance at all religious meetings in Oonstantinople is of course entirely voluntary. Bible classes are held during the week, in addition to the thirteen Ohristian Citizenship Training Groups. Every Saturday night is held the Inter-religious Prayer Group, composed of about twenty-five representative young men who hold daily devotional meetings. The entire staff meets every month for Bible study and conference."

Mr. Davis adds: Personally I believe the present Turkish Government is making a desperate effort against unbelievable odds of ignorance, poverty, inexperience, tradition, and international cynicism, to establish a modern, respectable nation. Its leaders have expressed to us their consciousness of the inadequacy of existing organizations to meet the needs of Turkish young men and boys. They have asked for our cooperation. . . Given patient and wise leadership, a sympathetic understanding of the present fundamental tJ'ansfo·rmation of the Turkish Republic, and the prayerful, continued support of the Brotherhood in America, and the Association in Turkey is on the threshold of truly great developments.

SALE CHEAP-SUITABLE FOR A MISSION HOUSE IN LOOANG PRABANG

THE EASTERN LAOS Pioneering in Eastern Laos Land BY REV. HUGH TAYLOR, NAN STIATION, SIAM . Missionary of the Presbyterian Chureh, U. S.A.

O UR eyes have been fixed on the Trans-Khong region of North- ern Siam for many a long year. Dr. McGilvary made his first trip to Looang Prabang twenty-five years ago and subsequent trips confirmed the news of a people who listened with rapt attention to the Gospel message. During the next twenty years a veil was drawn over the region. Recently, however, interest has been aroused in the district around Nong Khai and, special means having been provided, the Mission voted that we should visit the district and, if possible, include Looang Prabang. Fourteen loads of Scriptures in the Eastern Laos characters were provided by the American Bible Society and three colporteurs were added to the 349

expedition. Yuan Scriptures and tracts were also taken from our stock in Nan 'and four evangelistic assistants went with us.

Last February we started out on the north road and about ten miles out came on a little village named Pah Sing (Lion-forest-town) in which lives a Christian family. The advent of our troupe, numerous enough to fill all hotel accommodations, the churches and schoolhouse, made some stir but none seemed interested in our message. After dark a traders' caravan arrived from the north and some of our men went to sleep in the homes to make room for the new comers in the temple. We held a 'service with them and when we closed our eyes later it was with a prayer for those who had just heard the Gospel for the first time. Our dreams came true beyond all our expectations.

The next ten days were spent in passing over old ground and visiting Christians, holding Communion services and administering adult and infant baptisms, marriage ceremonies, reprovings, rebukings and exhortings at the various stops. From Muang Pawn we turned to. the right and that night made our evening's camp in a delightful spot on the Nan River. In the quietness of the woods we held a conference of the workers on what methods we should use in the new country. Some boldly advocated tearing down their old house (the Buddhist faith) so that they would come to live with us in our mansion (the Christian faith). After much discussion it was unanimously decided that we shou1d show the people our Mansion, its beauty, comfort and safety, and give them a cordial invitation to come and make their home with us. We determined to know nothing among them, save Jesus Christ and Him crucified.

Early the next afternoon we arrived at the first village in Muang Ngune and lodged in one of the temples. It proved not a good place for work as it was one side of a center of population and was an opium and gambling den. The priests certainly need to be converted but we failed to make any perceptible impression on them. We called on the Paw Muang (chief district officer) and found him surrounded by the headmen of the villages of the district who stopped their business and listened to the Gospel. We received pressing in~ vitations to visit all the neighboring towns and the two days spent at this point developed an interest equal to any we had ever experienced. These were still Yuan Tai, the very same family of people among whom we have been working for three decades.

At Muang Hong Sa we came upon the first of the Eastern Laos people and four days' work in the district revealed how eager a people could be to hear the" good news." Our copies of the Scriptures were already getting low and we had to divide the stock and limit the number allowed for each place.

At Ban Nyai we turned aside to see "The Burning Mountain" which has been burning for eighty to a hundred years. It has every

J PIONEERING IN EASTERN LAOS LAND

appearance of a burning coal bed and in the center of the burned area I found pieces of coal that had been recently laid bare by the floods. The whole area has settled down from ten to fifteen or more feet.

From Hong Sa the Nai Queng sent word to Tah Noon to secure . boats for our passage down the River Khong to Looang Prabang. On arrival at Tah Noon we found the Tahseng (headman) slowly bleeding to death from an axe wound on the leg, which was bound up with some sort of rotten stuff. When we stopped the flow of blood by a turnspit a sigh of gratitude went up from the crowd who watched with interest the careful cleaning out of the wound. When the bandage was being applied there was amazement beyond bounds at the length of that piece of cloth! Willing arms carried the old man to his bed and piled the pillows high under his foot.

The old man called on me before I was out of bed the next morning and nothing could keep him from personally looking after the construction of our boat-raft for the down river trip. Two boats were lashed together, reenforced by fifty long bamboo poles, over which was laid a platform which held a horse stable, tent, and our whole outfit, with forty men. The boat crew Were carefully selected men who spent their off duty hours in receiving intensive instruction in the Bible.

We spent Sunday at Ban Keng Kham, a small town surrounded by mountains at one of the Khong crossings. Saturday evening at sundown the assembling of the village women around the temple compound attracted us and held us spellbound by a sort of chant in which the clear bell tones of their voices echoed and reechoed marvellously between the mountains on either side of the river.

Ai Sang, a Kamoo Christian whom we had brought as one of our carriers, found some of his relatives who had come down from their mountain eyries on a trading expedition and we helped him preach the Gospel to them. He also found some Laos friends to whom he told the story of the Cross and one woman confessed faith on first hearing. She asked to be taught how to live as a Christian and Ai Sang brought her and a grown son to me for instruction. The woman said that she and her two sons believed and wanted me to tell them definitely what to do and what not to do to be followers of Jesus. She said that they had been seeking for something they did not know what ever since their father died; and now the search was ended for the Saviour was found and of course they all three believed. Only a half hour with such an one to point the way of light and life eternal and we pass on with the hope that in a year we may be back again to baptize those who have proved faithful. We left with them a copy of the Gospels according to Matthew and Luke and the Holy Spirit of God as their teacher. OUf hope of returning to them in a year is conditioned somewhat on Nan Station

receiving the needed reenforcements in the educational work to train up boys as leaders in the Lord's hosts.

Looang Prabang is located on the south side of the great curve of the Maa Khong river as it sweeps to the south. At the city the Khan river coming from the southeast with the Khong forms a penin- sula which is occupied by the city in the midst of which arises a high conical hill, the top of which is decked by the spire of a Buddhist temple. The Laos populatiou is up those rivers and hill tribes cover the intervening mountain spaces.

By the delay in starting from Nan we reached Looang Prabang just when the representatives from the whole province were center- ing in the city. We did not advertise our work and yet when I returned from an early morning walk about the city on our first day there, I found the assistants busy preaching to visitors. For seven days, sixteen hours a day, the walls of that sala echoed the voices of the spoken word presenting the Living God and His written Word.

Our supply of the Gospels of Matthew and Luke in the Eastern Laos t.ongue was limited, but our visitors took copies into almost every district of that province. From six days' journey distant they came for gospels to take home with them to study and teach to their neigh- bors. After two or three days requests became more and more definite.

"I beg for a copy of the Gospel according to Matthew."

"Please show me the three chapters of .J esus' words."

"I wish to store them in my heart."

"Please mark the Lord's Prayer. I want to learn to pray that prayer and teach all my people to pray it."

"Where is the promise of the Holy Spirit~"

""Where is the story of the cross1"

"Where is the great commission1"

I did not know a letter of t.he Eastern Laos alphabet when I entered the territory but work forced me to study it out so that 1 might read easily. In all my experience as a missionary I have never told the story of the Cross to those who listened with such intense interest. Young and old, men and women came to hear about Jesus Christ and announced the object of their visit without parley.

Then they returned bringing friends.

Some priests were among the first to come and they did not miss a day, hearing the Old, Old Story over again. At times they stayed after other inquirers had left so that they might ask questions that showed heart interest. We would consider it an inestimable privi- lege to repeat the trip this next touring season, but more than that should be done. A mission station should be opened there at once; Opportunity is ripe. "

When I hunted up a Chinese merchant to see if I could get some cash, I met a man whom I had seen at Tah Sao, the railway station

PIONEERING IN EASTER,N LAOS LAND

where Nan freight is transferred to boats. Almost his first greeting was an inquiry as to whether I had come to open up a new mission station. He said that the man with whom he was visiting had suitable property for sale which we could get cheap." It would seem that the situation was just created for us to go in and take possession at the very least expenditure of men and money.

Ai Sang the Kamoo and his party caught up with us at the city according to appointment. His people received him as risen from the dead, for they believed the report that had drifted back to them from the valley world that the India man with whom he had run away had butchered and eaten him. They received the gospel message with gladness for they hate their evii spirits.

On leaving Looang Prabang for the south we left Ai Sang behind to go back to his people and teach them. Four months later, having completed the tour to Nong Khai, I was working at my desk late of a Saturday afternoon, when Ai Sang came back to Nan leading six of his people. His report is to the point. All of his people began to study under him, but they asked so many questions he could not AI SANG-ONE OF OUR EVANGELISTS answer, that he determined to come down and get a couple of the evangelistic helpers to go back and teach. We have no one to send. We crippled ourselves in letting Kroo Muang and family go to the help of Chieng Rung. Nai Boon Tah and Noi China are in Chiengmai for six months' Bible study and noneo! the other teachers are physically able for the trip.

Another clan near the Kamoos have sent word that they would pay the salary and give the man two buffaloes who would come and teach them how to get rid of their evil spirits. A hundred miles north of Looang Prabang are ninety Kamoo Christians who have not been visited by a missionary for twenty years. Reports reach ,. The first story of the majn butlding 1s in OIl e rooIll; the second Ooor is divided Into three large l1vlng rooms , and there 1S a fire·proof kitch en and storeroom, with servants' Quarters. a smaH ga rd en , and a building that could be fi t t ed up f.or a small hospital. The wbole plant can be bought for six thousand dollars (somewher e near half its cost). Another thousand dollars would fit up th e am nll er bunding either tor th e hospital or a. r esidence. Two small families could go right in and s e ttie down to work at onCG, a nd the large room in the main buildin g could be used fo r an a s sembly and Bible classroom. See p ag r. 3 49 for pi cture of property fo r sal e.

2

us that they are still holdiug together. Scores of Kamoo clans are scattered throughout the mountain regions that surround Looang Prabang and We should by all means occupy this open field.

It took us nineteen days from Looang Prabang to Nong Khai and almost every place visited gave the same eager response to the preached and printed Word of God. VIfe had with us a gramophone that spoke their own language and they were delighted with it. As soon as we announced that the entertainment program was ended and we wished to tell them something that would be for their eternal welfare, immediately the children would be crowded out of their places in the front by the older people, who gave their undivided attention as long as I was able to speak. Exhausted, I have gone to my cot in a temple compound and have been lulled to sleep by a hundred voices trying to repeat to each other the wonders that they had just heard-sin, God's love, redeeming Grace, and eternal glory.

It was an inestimable privilege, for two whole months to preach the Gospel to a people eager to hear. Have we done enough for the thre~ hundred and fifty thousand of the Looang Prabang district ~ PRESBYTERIAN MISSIONARIES AND THE MAP 01' 1'HEJR FIELD-SrAM Dr. Claude W. MaRon; Mr:' . Dodd and Dr. W. C. Dodd (Doceaded)

A CHRISTIAN CH UR C H AT DJOKJA

Java and the Dutch East Indies BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., F.R.G.S. Editor of The Mo.-1 0m World EDWARD BOK recently wrote an article under the title, "Well, I Didn't Know That," in which he revealed prevailing igno- rance concerning the great Dutch island empire in the tropics. During the war days a British captain in charge of a cruiser in the Red Sea challenged a Dutch liner, calling out through his speaking trumpet: "From whence and where." The Dutch captain, of Falstaffiall proportions as well as sense of humor, replied, "From the tight little island of Java, bound for Amsterdam. " When the British captain replied, " 'Where under the sun is Java ~ " the Dutchman (who knew hotel life in New York), called back, "Boy, page Java."

These Dutch possessions in the East Indies comprise an immense island empire, 683,000 square miles in area, with a population of 49,161,000. As the population of Java alone exceeds 35,000,000, it is the most important of the entire group of islands and forms a mission field by itself. The island lies five degrees south of the equator, and has a tropical climate with a mean an11ual temperature of about 78 degrees. The coldest month is January, and the hottest, 355

SIGOMPULAM PEARADJA-A DUTCH HATTAK MISSION SCHOOL October. The wettest station in Java has an annual rainfall of 327 inches, while the driest has thirty-five inches. Bahrein, Arabia, has annually, only two and one half inches of rainfall. The mountain system in Java affords variety of climate and wonderful beauty of scenery, with tropical verdure to the summit and great rice fields stretching to the shore. Java has 125 volcanoes, fourteen of which are active.

The vast population is divided by race and language into three groups: Javanese, who number about two thirds of the total; Sundanese, one sixth, and Madurese, who number 5,000,000, or about one tenth chiefly on the Island of Madura.

The agricultural and mineral wealth of Java is proverbial. The rice harvest alone amounts in a single year to 6,000,000 tons. In addition, they produce coffee, tea, spices, quinine, tobacco, sugar, cotton and indigo. One third of the rubber of the world is now produced in the Dutch East Indies, and seven eighths of the quinine. Among the most important minerals is petroleum, but coal, copper, tin, silver, gold are also found.

The whole island of Java is knit together by admirable roads and railways. There are over 3,500 miles of first-class roads and 11,000 second- and third-class, which are far superior to the average road in America. Eighteen hundred miles of railway and 1,300 miles of steam trams unite East and West Java, not to speak of 15,000 miles of telegraph lines and telephone system. The leading cities are Batavia (250,000), which is the center of government; Soerabaya (160,000), and Semarang.

The Dutch first entered the East Indies in 1598. In 1602 the Dutch East India Company was established, and in 1619 Batavia was founded. In 1811 Java was captured by the British and remained in their power until 1816 when by treaty East India was restored to the Dutch. After a number of wars with the Javanese, gradually a

J AVA AND THE DUTCH EAST INDIES

system of over-lordship was established which lasted from 1830 until 1860. Then a famous novel by Dacker, entitled, "Max Havelaar" fell like a bomb in the Netherlands and compelled a readjustment of the whole system of government, having much the same effect as the publication of "Uncle Tom's Cabin" in America. The charges in the book were never refuted but abuses were gradually diminished and finally the whole system of exploitation was abandoned. A recent writer states: Though "Max Havelaar" was presented in the form of fiction, its incidents were founded on facts, and it formed a severe indictment of the policy pursued for two and a half centuries by the Dutch in the management of their East Indian possessions. It proved to the satisfaction at any rate of a large section of the Dutch nation, that the Home Government, whilst ordering humanitarian rule on paper, in reality connived at slavery. Theoretically the Javanese peasant was a free man; in practice he was a chattel. The Dutch had found ready to hand in the East what they did not find in the West Indies, in America, or in the Cape of Good Hope, a huge laboring population, or rather, a huge population that could be forced to labor. This being so, there was no necessity for them to found real colonies; and the Dutch East Indies, according to Decker, were not colonies in the true sense of the word, but mere money-making concerns.

At present free labor is universal, and the Dutch policy is that of benevolent paternalism without any cause for oppression. The French traveler, Cabaton, whose book is perhaps the best we have MISSlON CHURCH AT MAOMPANG JAVA COMITE-HAS 140 MOSLEM CONVERTS AS MEMBERS

(In Java, speaks very highly of the Dutch colonial system. A more recent book by Torchiana, entitled" Tropical Holland," gives an account of present-day conditions which compare favorably with the ~olonies of 1<'rance and Britain.

In Java we may study comparative religion on a large scale, and may trace the layers of the different religious conquests in the language, the art, the civilization, and the public religious acts of the people. The soil was animistic. Very early, about the first century of the Christian era, however, Hindu and Buddhist influences were established. All the remains of Javanese architecture, their national theater and their weird music, can be traced to Hindu and Buddhist influence.

The political power of Hinduism held till the middle of the fifteenth century. The island of Bali, still wholly Buddhist, is a great unoccupied mission field. Nineteen twentieths of the population of the East Indian Islands is Mohammedan, and although Islam here may seem superficial when compared with North Africa, it is thoroughly established and has all the vital elements of the older Islam. Yet the Javanese are very proud of the period of Hindu- Buddhist culture which is considered the golden age of their civilization, when Europe was still in medieval darkness.

Islam began its cunquest, under Sheikh Abdullah Arif and J ehan Shah; it did not continue to develop culture but deadened its vitality. Art and architecture declincd as did manners and morals. In 1507 the King of Atjeh, in Northern Sumatra, embraced the Moslem faith, while Ibn Batuta makes mention of a Moslem ruler in Sumatra as early as 1345. A certain Arab named Rahmat, who 8tylcd himsclf an apostle, began to preach and win converts, and built the first mosque in Java. After the conversion of the chief, .Raden Ratah, proselytes became more numerous, force was used to extend the Moslem state, the capital fell into their hands and Islam was practically triumphant in 1478 A. D. Nine apostles or missionaries were sent out to convert the remainder of the people.

Before the end of that century the King of Ternate, in the Moluccas was converted, "and Islam was spread in the Spice Islands by Javanese traders who came there for the douhle purpose of procuring cloves and imparting Islam." Arnold, quoting from a German writer, tells how these merchant missionaries carried on their propaganda in a way that won the whole Malay Archipelago. "The better to introduce their religion into the country," he says, "the Mohammedans adopted the language and many· of the customs of the natives, married their women, purchased slaves, in order to increase their personal importance, and succeeded finally in incorporating themselves among the chiefs who held the foremost rank in the state." In 1803 Some Sumatra pilgrims, who had become followers of the Vahabi movement in Arabia, returned from Mecca to

TAVA AND THE DUTCH EAST INDIES

proclaim a holy war against all infidels, first the heathen Battak tribes and afterwards the Dutch rulers. A seventeen-year war fol- lowed; but the propaganda did not cease even when the Dutch Gov- ernment took the last stronghold of the zealots. Today Java is one of the vital centers in the world of Islam as is indicated by the num- ber of pilgrims from the Dutch East Indies to Mecca, shown by government returns: Moslem year Christwn year Dutck E. Ind. Total Pilgrims Pilgrims at Mecca 1329 1911-12 24,025 83,749 1330 11912-13 18,353 83,295 1331 1913-14 26,321 96,924 1332 1914-15 28,427 56,855 1333 19,15 pilgrimage stopped 1334 1916 pilgrimage stopped 1335 1917 72 8,585 1336 1918 48 7,020 1337 1919 1,093 22,131 1338 1920 14,786 59,370 1339 1921 28,878 60,786 Elementary education, established in 1848, is now carried on by government schools and private schools. Compared with the Philippines the educational program in the Dutch East Indies is very backward in its extent, although modern in its content and Dutch in its thoroughness. Illiteracy still prevails among 95 per cent of the population and less than 900,000 pupils are provided with instruction, the amount spent for education annually being less than 80,000 pounds sterling.

More than one hundred Moslem newspapers are published in the Dutch East Indies. The titles of some of these are significant: "Light of Sumatra," "Young Java," "Young Sumatra," "Light of India," "Light of Minahassa," "Light of Islam," "The Revival of Islam," "Agreement and Disagreement" (the first in the list of Moslem religious papers), "The Arena of Islam," etc. Their variety and number, in the present time of depression and general crisis in the newspaper world, surely are proof that Islam is awake.

Some of the papers are frankly reactionary, and advocate a return to the old Islam, but the majority are progressive and desire reform, educational and ethical. The contents of a single number of the" Tjahaja-Islam" are typical. This paper is a diglot in Malay- Javanese. The advertisements, with one exception, relate to Moslem schools, book-sellers and eating-houses. In the issue for November 5, 1921, after an editorial (which closes with a threefold Amen), the leading article is on Islam and Democracy. Then follow an appeal for money to open a new Moslem school, a poem calling for the better observance of the five prayer periods, a proposal to unify the Moslem press, and a reply by the editor, who says that three small papers reach a larger circle than one large one! The Javanese

DINING ROOM OF THE CHRISTIAN TRAINING SCHOOL. SOLO, JAVA section hilS similar matter and in addition a Koran exposition with references to Thomas Carlyle.

According to the last census there were 11,942 schools with a total of 846,326 pupils, not counting the higher training institutions for engineering, commerce, medicine and law. At the meeting of the Zendings Bond at Djokja in August last, where missionaries of all Java were in council, it was estimated that the total of literates for Java was as follows: One million who read Malay, one and onehalf million who read .Javanese, 400,000 Sundanese readers, and 200,000 Madurese readers. The Roman character is slowly (some say rapidly) displacing the Arabic character in Malay (even in .Javanese). Dutch is becoming more known among all educated Javanese.

The Nederlandsch Zendeling Genootschap, the earliest of the Christian missionary societies, was founded in 1797. In 1858, because 'of the wave of rationalism which swept through Holland, many of the evangelical party seceded and organized other societies, each with its own doctrinal basis, Today sixteen societies work on the island of Java and have 456 missionaries in the Dutch East Indies. The methods followed are practically the same as in other mission fields with the exception of the establishment of Christian villages by the development of land and virgin forest under grant of the Dutch Government. By this method the Dutch missionaries were able to protect their converts and give them educational advantages in a center of social and spiritual life. The resttlt -is that there are now 37,526 converts from Islam in Java, and 8.000 in the other islands' making a grand total of 45,5:26. ,Ve bow before the grace of God who has given life to the seed and a harvest to the faithful sowers in these isles that waited so long for His Law.

JAVA AND THE DUTCH EAST INDIES

Dr. B. J. Esser in his book, "God's Guiding Hand in Missions" (Dutch edition) mentions the following cooperating factors in missions in Java.

1. The Javanese people who number one half of the total population of the Dutch East Indies have one language and one civilization.

2. Every part of the field is accessible by rail and roadway. 3. The hospitable, docile and polite character of the people guarantee the safety of person and property; especially the educated Javanese who are the leaders and accessible through the press and through the Dutch language. 4. All medical work has the guarantee of a liberal subsidy on the part of the Government. This is also the case for all schools where the Dutch language is taught. 5. The Javanese Bible translation is excellent and cheap. 6. The beginnings of educational literature by the Government and the missions as well as distinctly Christian literature offer many advantages. 7. There is an educational and social revival manifesting itself in the organization of Societies Boedi-Oetomo, Sarakat-Islam, etc. 8. The Christian congregations which exist are centers of evangelism.

Missions in Java are remarkable; (1) In the large results secured among an almost wholly Moslem population, and these results were secured not by superficial methods, but by the most thorough requirements for baptism. (2) In the preparation of Christian literature, including Bible translations, where the psychology of the people was taken into consideration, as perhaps on no other field. The Javanese mind was thoroughly understood in presenting the message, and therefore received acceptance. (3) In spite of the many societies engaged in the work in one single field, the laws of comity have been strictly observed, and there is an increasing spirit of cooperation between the missions, especially in the production and distribution of Christian literature.

STATISTICS OF MISSIONS IN DUTCH EAST INDIES IN 1922 Name of 8om.ety Entran('e Field Converts Nederlandsch Zendeling Genootschap 1797 .Tava East and Celebes 25,310 Nederlandsch Zendings Vereeniging 1858 Java West 3,386 Utrechteche Zendings Vereeniging 1859 New Gninea, etc. 18,157 1Gereform.eerde Zendings Vereeniging } 1858 Middle Java 3,718 Zending del' Geref. Kerken 1892 Middle Java Gereform.eerde Zendings Bond 1910 Celebes The Rhenish Mission 1828 Sumatra, Nias 337,213 Sangi Talaud Committee 1887 Sangi Islands 88,351 Doopszezinde Zending 1847 North Java 3,000 Het Java Comits 1854 Sumatra, East Java 3,677 De Salatiga Zending 1882 Central Java 1,927 The Lntheran Mission 1852 Batao Islands 1,000 The Salvation Army 1894 Bandoeng, Java, Oelebes Ned. Bijb<JI Genootscha.p 1814 Whole field British and For. Bible Society 1804 Whole field Meth. Episcopal Mission 1905 Bintenzorg and Soerabia, Java 1,281) Seventh Day Adventist 1908 Java and Borneo 400 Roman Catholic Mission 1808 Java, Sumatra & New Guinea 38,530 Native missions of the Dutch East Jndia churches, church members 425,958 Native missions in Minahassa, Ambon and Timor, (Est.) church members 500,000 Total native Protestant Christians in the Dutch East Indies 925,958

One Hundred

BY MRS. EMMA DRESSEL SMITH, TA-MING·FU, CHIIf.LI, NORTH CHINA Missionary of the Church of the Nazarene H SI HSIAO CHUANG is fifteen miles out from Ta-ming-fu. Evangelist Liang passed through there about a year ago and stopped to preach on the street. After that the people had meetings whenever possible, and a few months ago 111'. Liang moved there. About twenty people were converted and a boy's school was opened. A young man from the village volunteered his services as a teacher, and took charge of the school without remuneration.

We started out from Ta-ming-fu early one morning-ten women from the Bible School in a wagon drawn by a cow, a mule and a donkey. Mr. Smith rode on a motorcycle, and ]1.[1'. Trumbower and I in rickshas. When we arrived at the; village at about noon we found quite a crowd Was waiting. It seemed good after passing through olie heathen village after another to hear Christian people singing, "What can wash away my sins, nothing bnt the blood of J esns." Then we heard the Christian greeting of "Peace to you." After luncheon we went to the temple where the men had a meeting at the north entrance and the women at the east door. While the Bible women were speaking I heard a great commotion inside the temple and went inside to discover the cause. 'What a sight met my eyes! The idols were falling right and left. The teacher with his boys and the other Christians were busy pulling them down and carrying them out. The idols, made of mud and wood, had been painted many bright colors and varied in size from that of a doll to a full-grown man. The large ones required as many as five persons to carry them out. 11rs. Han, one of the Bihle women, said that forty years ago her father had taken her to a theater in this village and now she rejoiced to see all these idols destroyed and this temple turned over for Christian worship.

There were over one hundred idols in five buildings, one of which had only women gods; three goddesses, a dragon, and about twenty small gods were supposed to wait on them. In another building was the god that people worship when someone dies and which they believed takes care of the spirits of the deceased. The school boys laughed as they smashed the idols, beat the gongs, and broke up incense pots. The Chinese Christians said that it was remarkable to see the fearlessness of the boys, especially when we consider that they had been brought up in dread of these idols.

Our Bible women, when they l'etul'ned homc, werc so excited that they all talked at once and told how the true God had changed those people's hearts, and given them snch courage.

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Prayer for

REV. ROBERT FORMAN HOR.TON, D.D., LONDON, ENGLAl'.'1) I NTERCEsSION is the most difficult part of prayer but it brings the greatest blessing to those who practise it. It is the mightiest instrument that God has intrusted to us for the accomplishment of His will in the world. It is thp hardest, because intercession is prayer not for ourselves, but for others, and because the objects are not physical but spiritual. It is only as self is lost sight of that the secret of effective intercession is realized. In it we are comrades with Jesus Christ of whom we are told in the prophetic word, that He made intercession for the transgressors. In the 17th chapter of John we are permitted to overhear His intercession, and on the cross He interceded for those who slew Him and now "He ever liveth to make intercession for us."

The Holy Spirit helpeth our infirmities and maketh intercession for us, so that when we intercede for others we are in fellowship with God. Intercession therefore brings the greatest blessing to those who practise it. The word i.n the Greek and in the Hebrew means meeting, coming inio dose contact, with Goel.

Intercession is the greatest and most powerful instrument that G0d has put into our hands. The whole trend of modern discovery aHd of modern thought has been to make more credible for us the power of prayer. Today we bind the whole earth together, and speak across the continents and across the oceans. The earth is like a single room in which humanity is enclosed and united. We easily, and in a moment, touch the mind of a man on the other side of the globe. Today we understand better that the individual soul is not only the force than can change and adapt, but is also the force that can create. We recognize that if we will reckon with the forces of the universe and with man and his history, we must see personality and the will as thp constant agent in this world. The exercise of the will in commnnion with God and the assertion of truth in prayer must be one of the mighty forces in making the world and in influencing its history.

We can see the meaning of prayer and can understand that it is a God-ordained method of service by which all things are made possible for the Kingdom of God. But we are not confined to theoretical arguments. Fact upon fact, experience upon experience, prove the positive effects of intercession.

Let me give a personal experience. In a little manual of devotion, called" The Open Secret," ten years ago I used the fly leaves at the end of each day's prayer for the names of those for whom I wished to pray, or the objects that I wished to remember constantly 363

before God. Now I never read the printed matter, but those writ- ten words are the most marvellous record and the most conclusive demonstration that God does answer prayer. Name after name, petition after petition, I have checked off as "answered." Noone could shake the convietion that that daily prayer to God concerning the persons whom I desired to help or those matters that need God's interposition, has produced the answer. The cause and the effect are there. Begin, if you have not, to keep a prayer list and to intercede with those names and objects before you. In ten years no power on earth can shake your conviction that the real thing in life is communion with God, and the one way of accomplishing diffi- cult and seemingly impossible things is to leave them and leave your- self. in His hands.

When D. L. Moody was a pastor in Chicago he was unusually successful and much of his success was traced to two godly women in that congregation who used to bow their heads and pray whenever he was preaching. He asked them once what they were praying for, and when. they replied that they were praying for him, he was a little annoyed, because he thought he was doing very well. But he let them continue and even asked them into the vestry to pray for him.

When they were praying there one day, his whole heart seemed to break down; he found the secret of his weakness and saw that he needed the prayer more than anyone. From that time, said Mr.

Moody, began the manifestations of God's power that shook Chicago, New York, London and the world. .

One other illustration, which could be multiplied a thousandfold from the mission field. In 1836-37 the two missionaries, the Murrays, went to Tutuila, in the South Seas. They worked with some suc- cess and several little churches were established on the island. Then all at once, throughout the island in each place where there was a church an extraordinary spiritual movement began. The people came in asking for baptism, and rose up in the assemblies confessing their sins, crying to God for pardon. As a result many were gath- ered into the church. At first these two missionaries thought this movement was some unwholesome disturbance for they could not account for it. But they saw it was God, who was moving the people and they gathered in the fruit. Many months afterward the news came from Scotland, that in Jedburgh, the town from which these two missionaries had come, the Christians had met together and were praying for Tutuila and the missionaries there on that very day that the movement had begun. The prayer that ascended in J ed- burgh for the coming of the Kingdom of God was answered at Tu- tuila on the other side of the world.

Let us pray more continually, ll1or~ definitely, more earnestly and more believingly, not only for our O'Wll needs but for the needs of the work of God throughout the world. .

S.tudents in

BY w. REGINALD WHE"ELER, NEW YORK NOTE :-A CommissIon organized under the auspices or the Friendly Relations Committees of the Young Men's Christian AssGciation and the Young Women's Christian Association has been making a study and survey of the foreign students in this country which bas extended over two and a half years. The results of this survey are available now, and the following article is based largely upon its findings. The survey wiII appear in book form under' the title "The Foreign Student in America." The book is edited by W. Reginald Wbeeler, Henry H. King and Alexander B. Davidson, and is published by The Association Press.

T HERE are more than eight thousand students from foreign countries in the colleges and universities of the United States. Including foreign students in secondary schools, the total is well over fourteen thousand. These students are men and women of exceptional courage and intelligence or they would not be in this country. After remaining in America for several years they return to their home lands where they have u~usual opportunities for in- fluence and leadership. They are" a potential asset or liability to the Christian cause and the movement for international understand- ing and good-will." In the impressions of these foreign students of American life, in their criticisms of our colleges and univetsities, in their attitude toward the Christian Church,.and in the efforts being made for the more adequate service of these representatives of many lands, there is special interest today.

The first experiences of foreign students in America are sometimes fraught with hardship and injustice. "An Egyptian student from an influential family, traveling second class, detained twentythree days at the immigrant station pending investigation of his case, became ill and was much embittered toward American institutions." "Two Hindu students came to the offices of the Friendly Relations Committee and reported they had just paid a taxicab driver thirty dollars to bring them from the steamship there." But in fairness it should be said that the treatment given to students entering this country by the immigrant officials and by others in responsible positions is generally cordial and just.

There is much evidence as to the loneliness of foreign students after they have taken up residence in our country and of the incalculable results which have come from the thoughtfulness and hospitality of Americans who have invited students into their own homes. "Some students have been here five to six years without having received the hospitality of a family circle." When students are asked, what is the best single privilege they can enjoy in America, aside from the attendance at a college of their choice, the commonest reply is, the privilege of being in good homes.

An Indian student writes: "Oh, if I could only drop in occasionally at some friend's house and have a cup of tea, as we do in India, it would make all the difference in the world."

365

A Chinese student writes back to a missionary friend in North China: "The people here, as a whole, have a strong sentiment against Chinese, so it is rather hard for a young Chink to make acquaintances in refined society. .. I don't feel at home at all. .. The hearty welcome I get from Church people makes me feel the more that I am among strangers; they gTeet me so much more warmly than they greet each other, it makes me feel that I am different. I have written the following prayer for myself – ' Almighty God, our Heavenly Father, Thou hast made the earth and the peoples thereon, white, yellow, red or black, at Thy will and they are all good in Thy sight. I beseech Thee to comfort me when I feel like a stranger here; help me to endure persecutions and scorns; give me wisdom that I may understand that peoples of whatever complexion are all Thy children and Thou art their Father and Creator.' "

Although the majority of foreign students who have studied in America return with warm feelings of friendship and affection for this country, there are many, especially non-Christians, who see clearly some of our national failings. "The principal stumbling blocks in 'the pathway of Oriental non-Christian students are industrialism, imperialistic commercial expansion, war-like temperament, racial haughtiness, misunderstood missionary policy." "It is inconceivable that W estem civilization can at the same time develop great industrial corporations and write the twenty-third Psalm or the thirteenth chapter of First Corinthians."

The comments of foreign students throw a new light on the colleges and under-graduate life in this country. A European student contrasts the American and I<~nglish educational objectives and curricula: "The student not only gets something different, but he expects something different. In England you go to the university to develop Y01lffsel/, while in America you go to the university to distingu.ish yourself. There you have a whole world of difference. In America a boy is always endeavoring to attain some outward sign of achievement, to make the college paper, to make one of the clubs or fraternities, to make the football team. The center of gTavity is in the world of action far mort' than in the world of thought.

" You get the same tendency echoed in the academic sphere. I was struck by the excellence, the vigor and the competence with which affairs relating to the world of action are handled. I found that everyone could use a typewriter and drive an automobile. I found that drives for money were made on a vast scale and with a success undreamed of in England. 1 found that the applied sciences, such as medicine and engineering and agriculture, and the vocational studies, such as law, are at their best taught (and learned) far better than anywhere in England. But when it came to what one may call by contrast the world of thought, qnite the opposite was the case. Pure science and the purely cultural suhjects, such as classics and litera-

FORElG'" STUDENTS IN AMERICA

ture and art, are absolutely inferior in most cases and unusually neglected. The situation in regard to them is either tragic or comic. Accordingly, although one meets students who obviously show promise of becoming great engineers, great doctors, captains of industry and so forth, one rarely, if'ever, meets a student who seems destined to become a Darwin, a Beethoven, a Shelley."

Another foreign student comments thus in regard to the social system of many of our colleges: "This whole system of fraternities and sororities is one reason among others for the remarkable uniformity of the American students; east, west, south and north, you meet with practically the same type. They dress alike, they do the same things at the same times, they think and speak in the same terms and have practically all the same interests.

"The standard seems to be uniformity. Everyone who is different is crazy, perhaps a book-worm or the like, and only those students are chosen to membership 'who are believed to be able to become good fraternity brothers or sorority sisters, and that, of course, means that they will have to measure up to what is considered to be good form. Under a system like that you may be sure seldom to get a new member of a distinct personality."

The direct judgments and opinions of the individual students concerning the Christian Church and Christian people in America, as expressed in the returned questionnaires, are of interest and importance. It is fair to say that the majority of the comments are favorable to the Church although there is a distinct minority of critical opinion. Thus of the two hundred and seven Chinese questionnaires, one hundred and eleven are favorable in their comments on the Church, sixty-seven are critical, twenty-nine contain no comment. Favorable opinions from the Chinese, .Japanese and Filipinos follow.

From the Chinese: "Christian workers are the nicest people to meet; very kind to strangers." "The church is the foundation of your social order." "The Christian church is doing a great deal for the betterment of society and of international friendship." " The United States without Christianity would be entirely different in social structure; Christianity is its moral foundation." "The Christian Church is high-spirited and full of hope."

From the Japanese: "Christians are the pillars of society. The center of gravity of this nation is the church and Christians." "It is one of the most beautiful customs in the life of the nation."

From the Filipinos: "Christianity is the foundation of American civilization."

On the other side of the question there is apparent support for the statement of one of the student secretaries: "The fact cannot be ignored that there is among foreign students in the United States a rising tide of criticism of the whole Christian movement. This attitude is almost as pronounced among' Christians as among non-Chris-

tian students. Much of it is due to inadequate knowledge of the policies and achievements of the Church at home and in China; but when allowance is ma,de for this, there remains a serious situation." Critical comment from the Chinese includes the following: "ManY' Christians are sincere but are narrow and superficial." "The church is a business organization, most efficient, but its religious powers are surely degenerating." "Social life is carried too far; young people go for a good time but not to worship God." "The message of missionaries is not practiced in America." ,'The only really religious people are the old people; the middle aged go to manage church affairs and the young people for the social life." "Their orthodox teaching and unscientific spirit astonish me." "It is deplorable that the churches are involved in petty arguments against one another rather than devoted to energetic work." "I nearly accepted Christianity as I understood it when I was in China, but changed my mind in the United States."

Much is being done for these foreign students by various organizations, inclnding the Friendly Relations Committees of the Young Men's Christian Association and Young Women's Christian Association, Student Christian Associations, the varied work of the Church and of the Mission Boards of the Church, by cosmopolitan clubs, and by the International Institute of Education. The recently opened International House in New York City, a property in which more than two million donal'S, have been invested by a prominent layman, is a striking example of such service, and the inscription over its portals is typical of the aim of all these organizations-" That Brotherhood May PrevaiL"

On the other hand, there is much still to be done for these students from foreign shores. Speaking of how wider and richer service can be rendered to them and of where the responsibility for this service particularly rests, Professor Latourette of Yale University writes: "Upon the foreign student must be brought to bear the influence of the classroom, the home, the church and the campus." Dr. George M. Stratton, writing for President Barrows of California University, says: "The entire university and the community outside the university is responsible. But in a special way this responsibility must rest upon religious organizations of the university and of the university town." Dr. D. Willard Lyon, Secretary of the Foreign Division of the National Council of the Young Men's Christian Association, writes: "The primary responsibility for helping the foreign students in our North American colleges rightly to under- ~tand and appreciate the basis of the Christian religion, and loyally to promote the application of Christian principles to international relationships rest, in my judgment, primarily with the Christian forces resident in the educational institutions in which these foreign young men are studying." Dr. Stephen J. Cory, Vice-President of

DIFF.LCULT CONDITIONS IN BRAZIL

the United Christian Missionary Society of St. Louis, expresses the opinion of a great majority of those in touch with the situation willen he writes: "I would put first Christian homes. I can think of no greater impact on the lives of these people from non-Christian homes. Christian people should consider this an opportunity for worldserv- – ice and take these lonely young people in and accord them the cour- tesy and influence of a Christian home." Dr. Robert E. Speer sums up clearly the whole situation: "The responsibility for helping these men rests on two bodies, the College and the Church. The in- fluence of the College for good is only a fraction of what it ought to be, and in too many cases it abdicates its function of making full men out of these students. The Church did its duty pretty well by some of the first students who came over, but later, for a number of years, it neglected its task. Now it is being quickened to it again. It ought, by means of Christian homes and local Christian ministers, the agencies of the Young Men's Christian Association and the Young Women's Christian Association and various national instrumentali- ties, to layout an adequate and efficacious plan to cope with this situation, presenting at once so clear a duty and so rich an oppor- tunity."

Difficult Conditions in Brazil · BY FRANK L. BAKBR, V ARGINHA, MINAS, BRAZIL A SERIOUS condition of spirituai apathy and indifference con- fronts the evangelical worker generally in Latin America. There seems to be an appalling lack of initiative in investigating the credentials of Christ's ambassadors. There is at times a passive acceptance of the missionary's message as winsome and pleasing without the corresponding personal responsibility and application. The reason is that for centuries, the people have been indoctrinated in a school of infallible pronouncement. The" Church" has spoken in matters of doctrine, and woe to him who would dare to'differ or question. The "Holy Mother Church" arrogates the absolute and questionable right to determine what Rer subjects shall believe and the final issue is, Believe or be anathema.

Under such a regime, individual responsibility before God and one's fellows is dealt a death blow. And once this predicate of free agents is destroyed, the doors are thrown wide open for irregular conduct. A certain individual, whose private and public life was notoriously unbalanced from a moral point of view, was remonstrated with by a minister of the Gospel who tried to awaken his conscience to the tremendous importance of the revealed truth that "It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God." (Reb. 10: • From The Presbyterian Survey. S

31.) '1.'he man made reply: "About this I am entirely unconcerned.

I pay the priest to save my soul for me. That is his business and not mine."

Another thing that deters evangelical advance is the open, tena- cious hostility of the Roman Catholic hierarchy. This opposition is not a casual, sporadic outburst here and there; it is a well-organized plan embracing all, from the Cardinal to the humblest vicar. A note constantly struck in the Roman Catholic press and pulpit is that American missionaries are spies, advance agents of the United States Government, to get a foot-hold in the country so that the final con- quest of Brazil by the Yankees may be assured. Missionary motives are said to be black garments under which sinister aims are concealed.

The evangelical worker in Roman Catholic lands often meets a public mind thoroughly poisoned against the Gospel. When the mercenary motive is not mentioned, he is greeted with a large degree of suspicion as an enemy of God and the Church. Many still believe that there is some mysterious but real alliance between him and Satan. Even when this illusion is dispelled, there is the horror of the Church's power of excommunication which is believed to affect a person's status not only in this life but throughout all eternity.

Bibles and tracts must be jealousy guarded, or they will be seized and burned. Attendance upon the church services is a source of constant harassing and threatening and an open break with Rome brings an immediate outburst of malediction and persecution.

Friendships are severed, social ties are broken and often complete ostracism follows. .

Another influence that directly affects evangelical advance is the high percentage of illiteracy. It is also a problem that is challenging more and more the close attention of the governments, state and federal. All who really love Brazil are concerned. Naturally the vast expanse of territory, the inadequate transportation facilities and extensive isolated reaches accentuate the problem. The difficulty of personal investigation of the claims of the truth limits the number of those who can be reached. Thus among many, the printed page as a mighty aid to evangelical propaganda must be put aside, giving way to the spoken word. On the other hand the great influence of the evangelical school is readily seen. The attendance of students in these institutions is very large and constantly increases. Even with a difficult economic situation confronting the people, the matric- ulation in mission schools is larger than ever before and more are not accommodated for lack of added space.

Man's extremity is God's opportunity. Like Elisha of old, we too can look up and see through the eyes of faith that they who are for us are more than they who are against us. It is not by might nor by power but by the Spirit of God that the victory shall be won for Christ our Saviour.

and Anti-Religion in

O"&9ERVATIONS BY RECENT VISITORS'

MEN have always been divided according to their varied con- ceptions of God and of man's relation to Him. There are those who say that God, if such a Beiug exists, is unknowable; others seek to discover Him, but disagree as to His character and powers. Still others accept as final the revelation through Jesus Christ and a comparatively small minority wilfully discard all belief in God and Tefuse to accept evidence offeTed to pTove His existence.

The great land of Russia, with its millions of men, women and children, is just now in the throes of the struggle between faith in God and atheism. The antagonistic attitude of the Communistic Party, including most of the Soviet leaders, is traceable to the teachings of Karllfarx, the German Jew who was the founder of Communism. The susceptibility of the Russians to this teaching may be due, in patt, to misrepresentations of God and His Way of Life, for which some of the religious-political leaders of old Russia were responsible.

Frederick A. Mackenzie, the well-informed, fair-minded British correspondent has recently come to America from Russia, where he has spent the past three years. Mr. :Mackenzie, an unusually keen observer who has the facts, declares that conditions have not improved since he entered that country in November, 1921, but in some respects have grown worse. Extreme radicals still control the government with despotic power and make every effort to suppress capital, to destroy private business and to obliterate religion. The intellectual classes are subjected to great oppression and numbers of business people and political prisoners have been exiled to Siberia and the Arctic region. Many of these are merely political offenders, including numerous students and several bishops of the Greek Church. The Soviets have discharged many government workers who used to belong to the upper classes, and these are facing starvation. They cannot leave the country because few permits are granted. Among the victims of Soviet oppression are many Russians who have assisted the American Belief Commission in its work of charity.

The campaign against religion and the atheistic instruction given in the public schools has led to much immorality. Marriage is considered as only a civil contract held lig'htly by the Communists, and large numbers of men with middle-aged wives are discarding their spouses and are marrying young girls. The divorced wives face much suffering.

Richard Washburn Child is another witness who writes in an * The REVIEW does not vouch tor the accuracy of the interpretatlons put upon the facts 371 . quoted in this article.-The EDITOR.

article in the Saturday Evening Post.' "The Bolshevist program is known. The fact that debts have been repudiated is known, the nationalization of property is known. Noone denies the government's ruthless policy of executing great numbers. No one asserts that revolution in Russia has been a loving and tender business; no one denies that it has been bloody. No one denies that there has been a regime of compulsory labor. Noone denies a great degree of industrial stagnation. Noone denies that there has been a struggle to drive out religion. No one asserts that the institution of the family and old standards of morals have been lifted higher by the new regime. No serious mind believes that there is much democracy left in Russia-in the sense that the majority may control their destinies. Those who would assert that Bolshevism has given more liberty or happiness than Czarism would have a hard time finding evidence to support them."

The ruling class in Russia has changed but the Soviets are as despoti.c and cruel as the Czar. Deportations, espionage, killings continue. There is no true freedom in Russia. In view of all that is known of Communist rule in Russia it is surprising that even one apologist can be found among people able to think. The Russian communists have filled the world with fear; they seek to blot out the name of Jesus, and in the train of Bolshevism follow famine, pestilence, bondage and wailing. The experiment has demonstrated the futility of the communistic philosophy. The effort to destroy Christian belief throughout Russia is not effective. This is due to the deep roots of religion in the human heart, and not to any sympathy with religion on the part of the Government. It has made the Bible itself a contraband book. The latest report of the British and Foreign Bible Society states: "From Petrograd to Vladivostok the Soviet Republics remain closed to our Society. Before the war about 500,000 copies of the Scriptures were sold annually in this vast area, but during 1923 only 1,800 copies of Russian Scriptures were sold. In the name of liberty and free thought the authorities have issued orders to confiscate all Bibles. On the other hand, we hear pathetic tales of the longings of Russians to obtain copies. The chiefs of the Red Army point to the Bibles and say, 'All that is printed therein are fables and deceit.' "

A writer in the British Weekly says: "The Bolshevist regime seems more like the reign of Antichrist than anything that Europe has seen for many centuries. Zinovieff, head of the Third (Communist) International, and one of three most powerful rulers of Russia today, said recently in admitting some young recruits into the party: 'The Communist Party cannot tolerate interference by God in critical moments; for candidates who hesitate to renounce God we have no room.' In Pravda (Xruth), the official newspaper

RELIGION AND AN'TI-RELIGION IN RUSSIA

of the ruling Communist party, King George, Ramsay Macdonald, and Jesus Christ were recently ridiculed in caricature together.

"Bolshevist persecution of the Church in Russia has been re- sponsible for the death of over eight thousand priests, monks and nuns. The sanctity of the home is gone. Immorality is awful- most awful among the children. Take this as an example of the horrible degradation of the Russian official mind, that in Moscow in one year there were 10,000 cases of abortion procured under offi- cial sanction. It is today a criminal offence in Russia to hold a Sunday-school class. The penalty of one year's imprisonment with hard labor is provided in Russia for any hapless teacher who may tell a child that Christ is its Saviour."

Gregory S. Zinovieff, Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Third International, admits that the Communists had gone too fast in their propaganda against existing religious rituals and in their efforts to establish atheism. In a recent pronouncement he is reported to have said: "We shall pursue our attacks on Almighty God in due time and in an appropriate manner. We are confident we shall subdue Him in His empyrean. We shall fight Him wherever He hides Himself, but we must go about such a question as antireligious propaganda more carefully in the future. Our campaign against God and religion must be carried out only in a pedagogic way, not by violence or force."

This attitude of the Soviet leaders does not have much effect on the peasants. An Associated Press correspondent writes: "In spite of the Communist campaign against religion, the greater part of the population in the larger cities went eagerly to church to celebrate the birth of the founder of the Christian faith." That the Soviet regime intends "to crush not only Orthodox Russian Christianity out of existence, but Methodism, Roman Catholicism and all other varieties of Christianity," is testified by Capt. Francis Mc- Cullagh, the British correspondent who cites from the Bolshevist Penal Code, that "the teaching of religious doctrine to persons under age in public and in private schools is to be punished by hard labor for a maximum term of one, year…… In order absolutely to cut short collective teaching and individual relations with isolated persons under eighteen years of age on the part of ministers of all existing religions on subjects of faith, of religious traditions and of cult, no matter in what place this is carried on, persecution will follow with all the rigor of the revolutionary law."

A more friendly word for the Soviets is spoken by Mr. Edwin Vail in The American F1'iend. In giving his view of "Bussia's Mistakes and Successes" he says: "Russia did what all people eventually do who are crushed by a burden of miserv. The free advertisement she has received in the press is the kind that is usually given to murderers and bandits, and is not calculated to increase our

respect for the country and its rulers. Of late a number of books have attempted to give a light on post-revolutionary Russia but some, in attempting to gain friends for Russia, give only a rosy side of the story. We must not look at Russia through the colored glasses of our own social inheritance. We must take the detached and his- torical view which the student of social evolution would take. Diverse views are given by different observers because they observe what they wish to see. There is so much good and so much bad that it is not hard to collect facts to prove any case, provided the facts that do not prove it are carefully omitted. . .

"The average traveler is agreeably surprised at the conditions he finds in Russia at the present time. He may travel to Moscow in an express train with a diner and comfortable sleeping accommo- dations ….. In the shops and stores he can buy most of the neces- sities and luxuries of the western world. At night he can go to an opera, a Shakespeare play, a revolutionary drama, or a movie.

This is the surface but it represents the truth that Russia is on the road to. recovery. Poor crops in the Volga Valley in 1923 have post- poned the prospects of quick recovery there, and in many places there are starvation conditions where misery is almost universal.

But in the Kuban district and the Ukraine there was a fair harvest and in September British and Italian steamers at Novorosissk and Feodosia were loading up with wheat for Hamburg. This means machinery going back into Russia so that industry may make further advances.

"The Russian Soviet Government has done many stupid things and has made many mistakes as have some other governments. When the Soviets came into power they immediately introduced Commu- nism which connotes, epigrammatically, that everybody will work for everybody. The city factory workers were to produce the manufac- tured articles; the peasants were to raise the foodstuffs; there was to be an exchange without the intermediary of a profit-eating class.

But the factory workers could not produce enough to keep up their side of the exchange. The grain was requisitioned from the peasants, who in turn decreased their acreage. The system broke down com- pletely, and in the terrible spring of 1922 the New Economic Policy was launched, a definite abandonment of pure Communism, allowing a certain amount of private trade, and introducing a state of affairs best described by State Capitalism. Recently a more liberal policy toward private trade has been announced by the Government.

"Bloodshed and destruction were the accompaniments of the revolution. Disorder afforded excellent opportunities for revenge, and the savagery was manifested which comes to light in all races during periods of revolution and war. The leaders of the revolution held that the end justified any means, and they were ruthless in up- holding the revolution. At present the government is continually

1925'] RELIGION Al'1) ANiTI-RELIGION IN RUSSIA

seeing counter-revolutionary bogies where they are not, and innocent people are put in prison and exiled to Archangel or some other distant place. The Soviet Government is controlled by terror and their courts fail to mete out justice.

"A third mistake of the Communists has been an unjust treatment of the Church. Communists are anti-religious and wish to see the Church go. The Greek Orthodox Church worked hand in hand with the old government for controlling the people and the priests of the Church were for the most part favorable to the old regime. 'rhe Soviet Government therefore feared the Church as a stronghold of reaction, and has done everything to weaken it. I attended an interesting debate in a town of 10,000 people where the Communist lecturer invited the local priest to uphold his side of a debate on religion. The fact that the priest was invited to give his views is some indication of tolerance. The debate was not characterized by much wisdom, for the Communist in his attack made no distinction between the Church, religion, and the Bible. The priest countered with a poor argument in the realm of philosophy which his flock accepted although they did not understand.

"Other mistakes of the Soviet Government, most obvious to a foreigner, are the result of a fanaticism which precludes measured judgment, and makes abuses easy. This fanaticism is seen in education where it often takes the form of acquiring a knowledge of Communist theories and ritual. University professors cannot risk expressing themselves, but their meJancholy smile and non· committal answers express clearly what they would say. The same fanaticism disfranchises private employers of labor, priests, and anybody the militia choose to put on the blacklist. Those on the blacklist are twice the number of those who vote for the Communist nominees. Although the election machinery is one of simple and direct representation from the smallest unit of the village up to the All Russian Soviet Congress, elections are largely controlled by the Communist Party. As in other countries with a republican form of g'overnment, only the interested vote, and the others do not.

"The quality of village government largely depends upon the quality of the men in office. A tyrant in office will tyrannize unde;r: any form of government. A good man will be a blessing to the community under any form of government. There are many tyrants in village governments, but they are gradually being replaced by better men. "Fanaticism is also seen in a strictly controlled press. The Communist Government is as much afraid of counter-revolutionary ideas as the Czarist Government was of revolutionary ideas. Truth that hurts is not tolerated. Continued persecution of the former bourgeois, although abated, is still a fact, but a government which

now feels so secure, should be generous enough to take in former outcasts who are willing to act as citizens of Soviet Russia.

"Another mistake of the Soviet Government is that of propaganda of Communist theories and Communist action in foreign countries. The process of the gradual enslavement of the Russian peasant, through the granting by the Czars of large tracts of land to favorites, has led the Communists to look upon capitalism as synonymous with a system of slavery and oppression. The spectre of starvation and misery caused the Russian revolution, for the people believed that they had everything to gain and nothing to lose by overthrowing the Czar's government. The Communists, although in the minority, were strongly centralized, and so when they stepped in at the opportune moment, they gained complete. control. If the American people should ever come to similar depths of misery, they too would rise up and create a new order with or without propaganda. Though there may be no danger in such propaganda in America, it is a great mistake for the Soviet leaders to attempt it in countries 'of whose institutions and ideals they have only a cynical knowledge. ' , In pointing out some things to the credit of the Soviet Government, Mr. Vail continues: "The first point to the credit of the government is that it has brought some order out of chaos" and has replaced a hopelessly corrupt monarchy. Second, the natural resources of the country such as oil, coal, iron, minerals, forests, etc., are now preserved as the common heritage of the people. But the people of Russia cannot sit back and rest assured that all will go well because the resources are in the hands of the government. Politics in business is always dangerous.

"Third, the land is in the name of the Government but the peasants have the use of it. In the worst famine districts the peasant is no richer because of the land because he has no horse to plow it with, but in years to come he will benefit. The system of land division is at present atrociously stupid, as it doles out little narrow strips sometimes as far as ·five miles from the peasant's hut, and the system of reallotting it at short periods gives no incentive for land improvement. The peasant cannot take pride in ownership.

"Fourth, the Soviet Government has the ideal of better conditions for labor and the raising of the dignity of labor. The ideal has not resulted in material betterment over pre-war days, but that is due to the poverty of the country as a whole. With the accumulation of capital, labor will be better rewarded, and labor's right to the fruits of its labor will be guarded.

"Fifth, the- Soviet Government has the ideal of universal education. Too often education is only propaganda, but that will become less and less true as time goes on. In a land where such a large ~e Soviets were, however, responsible for creating the chaos.-EDITOR.

1925J RELIGION AND ANTI-REIJIGION IN RUSSIA

percent of the peasantry are illiterate, education comes as a great light, and the people themselves are eager to learn. During the second year of the famine in certain districts the men and women were required to attend school in order to earn their food.

"Most of them passed the final examinations at the end of the month by writing the alphabet, numerals, and signing their own names. When the people are so poor that they can not even provide pencils or paper for the schools, educational progress is of necessity low and disheartening, but the will to learn among the Russian people will finally surmount all obstacles. There is also a great deal of practical educational work done outside the school. From every public place large colored posters stare at you, some with pictures and diagrams for speeding up transportation, some with warnings and methods to prevent diseases such as typhus, cholera, malaria, typhoid, etc. But perhaps the biggest single piece of educational effort was the All-Russian Exposition held in Moscow in 1923. Every section of the country from Turkestan to the Far Eastern Republic had their especially constructed _buildings where the products of the country were displayed, the possibilities of future development outlined and diagrammed to the minutest detail. Agricultural economy was naturally given a prominent place. Systems of irrigation were worked out in miniature. The value of machinery was demonstrated and the necessity for its adoption emphasized. Education, which has been the golden key to a progressive future for other countries, will loose the chains of ignorance which bind Russia of the present.

"Sixth, the Soviet Government maintained the ban on vodka put on at the beginning of the war by the Czar's Government.t Under the old regime the peasants had every encouragement to keep themselves drunk and spend all their earnings on vodka, which was manufactured by the government and netted them a large profit. The Soviet Government has set the welfare of the people above the neces· sity of acquiring revenue and maintains the prohibition of vodka.

"The items on both sides of Russia's ledger must be left for God to balance. The Revolution in Russia has become history, and as Albert Williams ends his book, 'Only fools arglle with history.' An air of optimism pervades Moscow. The morale of the Oommunists, engendered by past suffering and a faith in a betterment of conditions for the Russian people is unbeatable. They are united, and so Russia is united. Everybody obeys Moscow from Vladivostok to the Caucasus. Russia of the future will be prosperous, and a prosperous Russia means a large demand for manufactured goods. It is true that Russia lacks enough men of wisdom, men of tolerance and understanding, honest men, and unselfish men. The people of t This year the manufacture and sale of vodka have been resumed with permission for a 300/0 alcoholic content.-EDITOR.

Russia have not forgotten that ten million of her people were kept alive during the famine by American food. The basis of friendship and peace between Russia and America has been magnificently laid. "

Another view of Russia is that of Dr. Harry F. Ward, the American professor with Socialistic sympathies, who has recentlv been in Russia, and who declares that the Soviets will not be able to destroy or uproot religion. He says in a recent article: "The Oonstitution of the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics proclaims freedom of religion. But the communist party which ad- ministers that constitution has declared war to the death against all religion. Strictly speaking, what the Russia constitution guarantees is freedom of worship. It forbids religious instruction of the young except in the home and then not before sixteen years of age. The theory is that youth is entitled to choose its religion, irreligion or anti-religion without bias from its elders. There are, however, some slight signs that the prohibition of organized religious instruction is not henceforth to be rigidly enforced.

"A'S a general policy the central government does not directly interfere with religion except to see that it is not taught in the schools or universities, and to prevent propaganda for conscientious objection to war by pacifist religious sects.t The other official evi- dence of its attitude is the famous sign at the entrance to the his- toric Red Square-'Rieligion is the Opiate of the People.' The government then stands in this position. Most of the men who com- pose it have a conviction that religion is a menace to social progress, while at the same time they believe that individuals should have freedom to choose and practise their religion or anti-religion except when it menaces the existence of the state. The government is prac- tically the communist party and this is definitely anti-religious. It will admit no person to membership who believes in God. The state- ment is current in interested circles that teachers are instructed when a child asks if there is a God to answer in the negative. It is also alleged that in such cases communist teachers are urged to give private advice outside of school hours, and it is certain that some non-communist teachers believe that if they should answer a child's question about the existence of God in the affirmative they would be dismissed. .

"There is in Russia a very vigorous anti-religion propaganda.

This is conducted by voluntary organizations and also by the League of Oommunist Youth as one of its activities. The voluntary organi- zations are subsidized by the Oommunist party and the activities of the League of Oommunist Youth are supervised by men prominent in the government. The anti-religion movement has three aspects.

There are two organized groups, each conducting a paper under the same name, Besbosnik-that is, 'The Godless One,' or 'The Man t Anti·religious instruction is, however, widely prevalent in public schools.-EDITO'R.

RELIGION AND AN1TI-RELIGION IN RUSSIA

Without God.' The one group is subsidized by the Moscow executive committee of the Communist party and the other group is subsidized by the central (national) executive committee of the Communist party. There is also a private publishing house issuing 'atheistic' pamphlets designed for the intelligentsia and for communist organizers. The first group seeks to destroy religion by ridicule. The other group of the anti-religious movement holds that the campaign of ridicule is folly and seek to destroy faith by making science a substitute for religion. They say: 'In fifty years we will make all the peasants in Russia atheists.' Some twenty ex-priests are engaged in this anti-religion propaganda, one aspect of which is conducting an 'atheistic' theatre in Moscow.

"The anti-religious propaganda being carried on through the League of Communist Youth consists mainly of wall placards presenting science in contrast to religion. The government has had to stop anti-religious demonstrations by them on the sacred days of the Greek Church.

"This anti-religion movement in Russia is due, in part, to the nature of the Greek Church-its ignorance, its apathy to the sufferings of the workers and peasants, its position as one of the repressive instruments of the Czar's regime.§ The second cause is the alleged conflict between science and religion. The leaders believe that it is part of their duty to destroy religion and thus make possible the progress of the race. The result of this anti-religious movement will first of all destroy the superstition of the Greek Church. But the soul of Russia will never be satisfied with cold science. Released from superstitions the soul of Russia will awake to true religion. The Greek Church gives no evidence of capacity to endure the attack. The movement in theological education, financed from the United States, has the possibility of supplying in time leaders for a much more vital expression of the religious nature of Russia. The most vitality appears among the sectarian movements such as the Baptists, Adventists, Doukhobors and others. In this section of the religious life of Russia there is a stirring. Negotiations are also going on with the more liberal members of the Communist party for religious freedom for this group that is opposed to war and to capitalism.

"God is patient and long suffering with Russia. The people have suffered much and many leaders, in their blind groping after the light and some new way into the 'Promised Land' of Utopia, have misled their followers into a pit. It is for Christians to point them to Jesus Christ the Living Way."

We give in conclusion the view of the situation by an evangelical Christian worker who was living in the center of Russia nearly the § The Russian Church was at the same time the victim of th~ Czar's Government and welcomed the opportunity given by the Reyolution to throw off the yoke.-EDlTOR.

whole of last year and was therefore able to observe conditions on all sides. He writes: "Our brethren in Russia are suffering from much persecution and other difficulties. The Czar's government counted them as revolutionaries, but the Soviet Government is looking upon them as counter-revolutionaries. Sunday-schools are prohibited; many prayer-houses have been confiscated; the Orphanage and Old PeopIe's Home in Balashoff, which the Baptists had bought with their own money, was confiscated and given over to the Communistic Young People's Club, and is now a place where atheism is being spread. The same fate befell the Baptists' Invalid Home in the village of Maslovka. Many preachers are in prison and all religious literature has also been confiscated by the orders of the Secret Police.

In spite of opposition and handicaps, the work of evangelism in Russia is going on. The word of God is not bound and the Spirit of God is at work. Thousands of souls that have been in the bonds of fables and sin are being released and raisel up like Lazarus from the grave. Released from atheism, they are praising the Lord; the deaf are hearing, and the dumb are speaking and praising the Lord with new tongues. The Russian Evangelical Churches are missionary churches. The members believe in the Bible and carry their Testaments with them. Many farmers in the field, woodcutters in the woods, and peasants going to town to buy and sell, take their Bibles with them. When there is an opportunity many faithfully witness for Christ. Patience, prayer and the example of a Christlike spirit, and sacrificial service are the methods that will achieve most for the Kingdom of God in Russia."

Ahmed of Baghdad The Story of a Student at the Am·erican University at Cairo .n.AHMED of Baghdad is the son of a wealthy lumber merchant in Baghdad. The course of his life ran smoothly until his father, according to the Mohammedan custom, married another wife. The treatment which his mother received, growing out of this new marriage, made Ahmed question the whole Mohammedan custom which would permit such a thing to exist. Yet no matter how much he hated the system, he saw no way out, until one day he wandered into a book shop and found aNew Testament. The book interested him and he read it. When his father discovered the Book, the boy was punished and forbidden to read it again. The relationship between father and son became more strained until finally, on the death of his mother, Ahmed left home and found his way to Cairo. There he applied for admission to the American University but as he was

1925J AHMED OF BAGHDAD

not prepared to take up the regular college work, one of the American teachers tutored him at nights. Ahmed's interest in Christianity was discovered, and every influence was thrown around him to help him discover the truth. His interest grew as he studied the New Testament, and after a time he asked to join the Church.

In answer to a communication written to his father, a letter came revealing the bitter and almost murderous attitude of the Mohammedans toward one of their faith who embraces, Christianity: "Baghdad, 15th Ramadan, 1342.

"To Ahmed Et Tai "Ahmed, you have gone out ff'om the eye of Allah and from my eye and the eyes of all people. Never think of returning to Baghdad. Your four brothers declare that if Ahmed ever returned to Baghdad, they will certainly kill him. As for m~ never write to me, and never send me any word in any way whatever. You have disgraced me and debased me before Allah and everyone. What shall I do now Y By Allah, if my health only permitted I would go to Cairo and kill you. Ahmed, if I do not kill yon, say that your father is a liar. Now yon have no property left with me, neither of YOllr mother's property nor of my property; I have legally writ- ten it all into the name of our brothers, my sons who are Moslems. I have recorded my will in the courts and with the government. And after seven days I shall be starting to Persia to the tomb of Ali l.'foosa in the city of Meshid. If any letters come from you or the school I shall not consider them at all, nor will your brothers.

"Can a Moslem become a Christian 1 This is what saddens me and sad- dens anyone who has a mind or any sense at all. Allah it is who corrects people. He is the great. Allah grant peace and blessing to our master and prophet Mohammed the son of Abdullah and to the rightly guided Imams.

I am guiltless of you, Ahmed, to the day of judgment. ., SALMAN. "

The Mohammedan students of the university would have nothing to do with Ahmed after his conversion. The native Christians, who are almost entirely Coptic, are suspicious of every Mohammedan who turns Christian, so even from them his reception is none too gracious.

One evening, two men approached him and asked if he was Ahmed of Baghdad. ~Wrhen he replied that he was, they tried to throw him into the river. Unsuccessful in this, one of them drew a knife and stabbed him in the back, cutting a long gash in his coat but luckily only scratching the skin. His life is in constant danger because some zealous Mohammedan may kill him or his own father may hire someone to put poison in his food. If they kill him no court in Egypt would punish the murderer, for according to the Mohammedan law it is no crime to kill a Christian, especially a "rene- gade Moslem." But Ahmed has continued to grow. Last summer it was decided that he was sufficiently trained to be baptized. He has stood firm in the face of all persecutIOns and has of course renounced all claim to the wealth that would have come to him from his father. Now he has his face set toward the Christian ministry.

M. Pratt. the chJldren's wandering evangelist of England, whose caravan has a never-

failing fascination for young folks, makes the most of the summer months. This photo of him and his gipsy home was taken at Crail, where he spent a time before crossing the Tay.

The "Little Church on Wheels," conducted by Mr. and Mrs. Wm. H. )forgan under the auspices of the First Baptist Church o.f Boston. (Photograph by courtesy of the "Watchman Examiner.") ITINERATING EVANGELISTS IN AMERICA AND ENGLAND

MBTHODS

i EDITED BY MRs. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBERG BLDG., PHlLADELPHIA, PA.

IT COULDN'T BE DONE- by discovered his mistake: he had BUT IT WAS tried to sell new goods in the open The chnrch was located in a little market without adequately advertis- industrial town of only twenty-five ing their merits. No wonder that he hundred population. There were only could not effect a delivery. He had one hundred and twenty-seven mem- been in that pastorate but a few bers in the church. The town was a months, so natnrally he could not factory town with most of the men on rightfully expect his personal recom- shift work which meant that many of mendation to carry much weight.

ihem were always at work, day or Then for a period of a year a pro- /It·ght. Even the Women's .Missionary gram of advertising or educational Society said" It can't be done," when work to popularize missions was sys- a School of .Missions was proposed. tematically carried on. The little Yall are not likely to meet more ob- church paper spoke a good word for jections and ditJiculties than Rev. W. missions frequently. As time went on O. Benthin met. What he and his peo- even the town paper printed an occa- ple did in St. John's PI'esbyterian sional article on work of this kind.

Church of Camas, Washington, should There were many opportunities pri- inspire scores of other pastors and vately to inoculate the church person- ch1lrches. nel with the desire to combine a social Of course the preacher put his foot evening with the Christian study of in it. He was so enthusiastic over the world problems. Mimeographed dodg- possibilities of a church school of mis- ers put out by the church for publicity sions that he assumed all other mis- in other matters contained a sentence sionary – minded Christians would or two on the increasing interest share his zeal. He had studied the among the people on the subject of a success of other churches in popular popular church school of missions.

mission study. He was satisfied that With the advance of the second winter the usual mid-week service combined season the pastor again presented the with what was called a "pot-luck subject to the woman's missionary.

lunch" was a practical move. Assum- society. This time the idea was met ing that his vision would appeal to with tolerance. The attitude was the woman's missionary society, he open-minded but there was hardly appeared before its members, outlined even faith, not to say anything of his plan, and asked for cooperation. enthusiasm. However, plans were To his amazement among the best of immediately entered into to launch the women there was a lack of faith the school. The publicity man did in the proposed venture. It" was his part.

too much work"; "the people would At the very first session there were not come"; and in general it simply eighty-three people present, over three "would not work." The dominie times the number that the regular went home with a let-down feeling. earnest workers of the woman's so- When in his study he sat down and ciety usually had present. The church thought the matter through he there- dining room was filled with jovial, 383

spirited people. After a hearty meal the old-time church supper which they assembled in three separate spells days of solicitation and hourt; groups for study. The juniors were of arduous labor. 'fhe pot-luck lunch taken to their own little room where is simply this-each family is asked experienced workers with children to bring only one or two dishes of took them in hand. Besides mission- food, together with a knife, fork, and ary stories they had hand-work and spoon, and a cup for each member of they built missionary houses. Those its party. 'rhe church furnished the of high school age were by them- coffee and its trimmings. When all ~elves; their attendance ranged from are there the food is distributed. To sixteen to twenty-six per night. They be sure some nights the eaters will go were likewise presided over by two short on meat, but what does this experienced high school workers. matter when there are three pieces of 'rhey were given subjects for special cake plus two of pie per capita? An- other night folks will be light on desreports, and a week in advance were sert but well supplied with beans. No furnished with data on the subject. matter of which course there is the It was gTatifying to see how these greatest quantity there will always young folks entered into the subject be as much food present as there are people to eat it. The uncertainty of with zeal and understanding. exactly what the bill of fare will be The adult division carried out the adds to the general interest. If peo- ple are particular they can arrange to forum method of study. Besides de- have certain staple foods there bY' pending on the textbook for lesson common consent or mutual arrangeoutlines, different persons were as- ment. We furnished paper plates, signed phases of a subject for a given paper napkins, and paper table cloths night. The group was presided over taken from table-width wrapping either by the pastor or a high school paper. In this way dish washing and instructor. The leader always acted laundry work were reduced to a minimore the part of a chairman than a mum. teacher. Of course there was enough disagreement to awaken interest. To add zest the young life was Some were sure that the American given free rein. It was the custom people were infinitely superior to always to seat the little boys at the folks of other lands; others took issue table in the center of the room atwith this view. There was hardly: tended by the pastor and one or two (weI' any unanimity of opini(}ll as to other adults. It did not take much the best method to pursue to dis- coaching to have these youngsters decharge our Christian obligations. vise a yell which they shouted lustily These minor disagreements were abso- accenting "Men's Table! Men's lutely essential to the life of the Table! Men's Table!" The girls at study. Before the conclusion of the a near-Ly table not to be out-classed course all the expressed views were soon responded by shouting for the decidedly Christian. It was indeed a "old-maids. " The boys and girls of happy sight to see from twenty to the high school group sang their thirty adults, a majority of them men, school songs and gave yells, while the coming out week after week to spend rest ate. These activities did much to an hour in mission study. At the create and keep a cordial atmosphere. conclusion of the five weeks' course a The lighter vein in no way detracted set of slides on the cOlmtry studied from the serious part of the evening were shown. when the proper time came. So both in work and play there was something The "pot-luck" feature had a very stirring every second. large part in making the move popular. When, on the first· presentation, While there was but a comparativethe ladies hesitated over the thought ly small amount of detailed dining of having a lunch once a week for six weeks they were thinking in terms of

·1925] BEST METHODS

room work to do, there was always is in numbers equal to over 53 per Eeed for a few useful hands. One cent of our entire church memberyear the members (}f the different ship. To appreciate these numbers it church organizations, such as Sunday- should be borne in mind that our school classes, set the tables and wait- church is located in a factory town ed on the guests. The next year a where men are on shift-work, which committee of willing-handed and big- means that some of our men are alhearted women appointed by the ways at work, whether day or night. missionary society saw to it that Our church facilities are so limited things were always at their best at the that the attendance has taxed our lunch hour. Usually young folks working equipment to the limit. waited on the tables. They vied with one another by groups, in seeing What of the futUre of the church which could render the best service, school of missions? After the first decorate the best, and make the best successful year was past the pastor appearance. said to the missionary society: "Last season's work should be a suitable .Another big feature was the provi- text of the worth of a church school sion made for the children too small of missions. If our church is to have to attend the Junior study. They another popular mission school the were taken to a private house where initiative this year must come from they were cared for during the study the missionary society. I will help honr. This gave the parents oppor- but will not push it through as I did tunity to enjoy the study and no last year." family had to stay at home because of the little ones. We thus made The same society that had turned provision for people of all ages. There the project down once, and with a was never any lack of nurse-maids degree of open questioning, reluctantamong the girls to help run the nUl'&- ly acquiesced the second time, now got cry. under the movement and put it through in a bigger and better way Both years we pursued the topics than ever. It now appears that the recommended by OUr Boards. The church school of missions bids fair to courses for the several age groups become an institution of our church were all phases of the general topic. work just as regular as that of the The leaders for each division care- Sunday-school, and Missionary Sofully outlined the proposed groups to ciety. be covered for the five or six sessions and then gathered materials accord- Popular missions are poosible and ingly. 'rhcrll is every reason to believe practical. The idea must first be that the study was as thor(}ugh and thoroughly sold. The real goods may far-reaching as any voluntary study then be promptly delivered. Then found in the ordinary church, and satisfied customers will assure the much more thorough than many business a permanent future. chmoch studies. These courses gave the first direct mission study to many MAKING A CHURCH INTELa man and boy. Each year our church thus held before a hundred LIGENTLY MISSIONARY people the great thought that it has 11 vital interest and a working pro- BY" J. M. DAwso~, Pastor gram in world-wide problems. First BapHst Church, Waco, Texas Looking back it is a joy to say that we enrolled people in number equal One in Eight Is a. High Percentage 10 sixty-seven per cent of our entire ('hurch membership_ They came out When one church exceeds all other with a good degree of regularity as churches of the South in making ana, the average attendance for each year influencing pr-eachers and mission- aries, and follows its gifts of life by 4 unusual gifts of money it is worth while to consider some of its mission- ary methods.

Through no responsibility of the 'fruett, once a member of t.he Waco present pastor, either for the report Church, is pastor, and which has a or for the fact, the First Baptist membership three times larger. Church, Waco, Texas, is said to have given to the world more preachers How t.his missionary interest and and ·missionaries than any other missionary giving have been stimuchurch in the South. Certain it is lated is a story of education. The that of the hundreds of missionaries prime factor was the long pastorate of on the rolls of the Southern Baptist B. H. Carroll, one of the giants of his I<'oreign l'iission Board one in eight denomination, who through twentyis a graduate of Baylor University eight years imparted his world-wide aud most of these have held mem- vision, ardent devotion and heroic bership in the First Church, which discipline to hi~ flock. Dr. Carroll, through the years has ministered to the founder of the Southwestern Bapthe University. This church contrib- tist Theological Seminary and long uted the first Baptist missionary to president of the board of trustees of Brazil, Rev. VlT• B. Bagby, and a Baylor University, was possibly more dozen more who are laboring today in than any other the builder of the that land of promise. From it went Baptist denomination in Texas, and forth Dr. and li[rs. W. Eugene Sallee, one of the leaders in the South. Durof the Kaifeng College, intimate ing his long life he communicated his friends of· Marshal Feng, the great missionary vision and spirit to his Christian general of China, and people. During his pastorate the among the most influential Christian church became unquestionably first in missionaries in the Orient today. the denomination in its response to S. Mosa, who is doing a notable work missions, and often did it release its as a pastor in Nazaret.h, Palestine, pastor that he might go forth to camwas enkindled in this church, and an- paign for missionary causes among other member of it took the lead in the churches. His published sermons providing a house of worship for even yet furnish the preachers in- Mosa's growing church, which is spiration for missionary addresses building on a choice lot, opposite and appeals. Does not the abiding lfary's Fountain in the city of our fruit of such labor incite the pastors Lord. Most of the Baptist pastors in to a more heroic missionary leader- Texas, and many of the leading pas- ship 1 How many definite missionary tors and officials of mission boards of sermons do they preach f Have they other states, such as Dr. A. J. Barton not discovered that all homiletic roads of Missouri and Dr. O. E. Bryan of lead t.o missions? Do they not see Tennessee, together with Dr. George that the greatest of all missionary W. McDaniel, the president of the impacts is a missionary life 1 Southern Baptist Convention, are graduates of Baylor and while mem- This church has consistently magbers of this historic church have nified the office of the missionary. touched its missionary fires. Indeed, When missionaries return special its quota of home workers naturally honors are accorded them and the is far larger than that of its foreign church hears them gladly. Such ocmissionaries, and they are men and casions are emphasized, organized and women who have brought things to advertised with a view to the largest pass. As a further evidence of its attendance. Recently when the Salmissionary zeal, its contribution to the lees carne home from China they were Baptist seventy-five million campaign given a public reception and on Sunfund was among the foremost in the day morning when Dr. Sallee spoke South, being second only in Texas to on "The Anti-Christian Movement in that of the great First Baptist Church China," the building which seats at Dallas, of which Dr. George W. three thousand was packed. Memo- rable indeed was the homecoming of Dr. Bagby some years ago.

BEST

In urder to keep the church intelli- ,Yomen's Memorial Dormitory at gently missionary ceaseless and insist- Baylor University. In this giving it ent circulation of missionary period- has been found that wise old Ben icals is undertaken. Unless included Franklin's word is true-" An ounce in the budget much attention must be of practice is worth a ton of theory."

given to this constantly. Closely as- vVe learn by doing, says the psychol- sociated are the missionary programs. ogist. Churches that practise mis- These are formally provided for in sions will find their interest tremend- the various church organizations. ously quickened by the investment.

among the young people, the women Of one thing all may be sure, we and the men. This church has solved cannot expect missionary resultS! the problem of attendance upon the without missionary intelligence. There midweek prayer service with mission- is a streak of reactionism in all of us. ary programs. During the March It is a part of indwelling sin. It is week of prayer for home missions the the persistence of the flesh, the gainwomen's Wednesday night program saying of the world, and the subtlety drew so many people that the large of the devil. The first clause of the audience room overflowed with the Great Commission is "Go ye and throngs who came and were thrilled. teach." It is fatuous to imagine that All along mission study classes have missionary deeds arise from sponbeen fostered with excellent results, taneous combustion. They are defibut now the ~hurch, along with other nitely produl!ed. We have divine and Baptist churches of the South, is supernatural as well as abundant undertaking a week's school of mis- human resources at our command for sions. In this school three books will achieving missionary results. Awake, be taught, "Stewardship in Missions," "The Plan of Salvation," o .':ion, and haste thee to the ripening "The Social Applications of the Gos- fields.

pel. " The school proposes to bring METHODS FOR VACATION DAYS several hundred people, men, women SUMMER CONFERENCE DJc'LEGATES. and children together in the evening :F'irst of all send at least one reprefor an hour of study, followed by a sentative from your church to some luncheon, after which the study will summer conference. If you can send be resumed for another hour, to be a dozen or more delegates by all means do so. Every summer conferconcluded with an inspirational ad- ence delegate is likely to do much in dress from real home and foreign mis- the missionary advancement of the sionaries. It is believed that this congregation during the coming fall School of Missions will be quite as and winter. 'l'here are people who successful as it has proven elsewhere, will go at their own expense if you and that it will yield far profcmnder tell them about conference joys and results than the ordinary inspiration opportunities. There are scores of ra~ly: meetings in the interest of people in our churches who are really mISSIOns. looking for places to go who would find just what they want at some de- One of the greatest incentives to lightful summer conference, but who missions this church has discovered is the missionary memorial over and above the budget offerings. It has two with the church extension board will never know about it unless more -the B. H. Carroll and the First of us take it upon ourselves to talk Church Building Loan Funds. It has summer conferences.

a large interest in the Annie Jenkins Then there are scores of others who Sallee .Memorial College at Kai-feng, should be sent by th<3ir churches or China. In several hospitals it ha9 by various societies in the churches.

memorial rooms. J nst now the women In many congregations it would be are giving $25,000 toward a $350,000 possible for the Sunday-school to send

a delegate, the Young People's So- WEEK-ENDS AT THE FARM OR CAMP. ciety to send another, the Women's ~ome one willed to a Philadelphia lVlissionary :Society to send a third, congregation a farm house. The pasand the Brotherhood to add the tor and the pastor's wife and some fourth. Sometimes all of the expenses of the members sat down to consider may be paid by the church, and in the possibilities of their legacy. Being other cases the delegate may pay part missionary-minded they considered of the expenses. very carefully any missionary possi- bilitiefl in the newly acquired and We continually lament the lack of somewhat unusual possession. leadership and yet we continue to jog along without making any plans to Among the other planiil developed train leaders. are week-end conferences of various groups. Sometimes busy young peo- Have the courage and determina- ple chaperoned by older leaders go to tion to face your difficulties squarely the farm for a night and a day or and to meet and conquer them. Select two days of conference with a misrepresentatives who have potential sionary program. A delightful outing possibilities of leadership; arrange is provided in this way with a chance for them to attend the best confer- for quiet interviews with leaders and ence in your territory and let the con- helpful group conferences. ference leaners know you expect them to give yo~r delegates the help they If some one will do the planning need. and arranging it is poss'ible frequently for groups to go together for several Another possibility is to enlist the days to some mountain, camp, or interest of individuals in paying the shore resort. expenses of one or more conference delegates as an investment in mis- Many young business men and sionary leadership. women arrange to get away from the heat and grind of the city on Friday Each denomination has its own or Saturday and return on Monday. summer conferences. In addition Missionary guests strengthen the inevery church should have some one, fluence of the party. If there is no of outstanding ability or possibility in special building or camp site availleadership, in attendance at some in- able, some one may arrange that a terdenominational summer school or number of congenial people choose conferenee. the same mountain or shore resort for a week-end; that they meet together Among the interdenominational for a morning or an evening service. conferences are those of the Mission- A picnic lunch may be planned and ary Education Movement, for men a discnssion arranged. Possibly a and women, as follows; missionary may be available· for an informal stroll. Sometimes inter- Blue Ridge, !. C.—-June 26th to July views along the way, group discussions 6th. around a camp fire, and picnic lunches are far-reaching influences in life Ocean Park, :ThIaine-July 1st to July decisions. 10th. MISSfONS BY MOONLIGHT. There is Silver Bay, N. Y.—-July 3d to July more than a pleasing alliteration here. 13th. No virtue attaches to the direct rays of a three 0 'clock sun on a hot sum- Asilomar, Cal.-July 8th to July 18th. mer afternoon so far as missionary education is concerned. Some time Seabeck, Wasll.-July 24th to August during the summer plan a delightfully 3d. refreshing moonlight meeting. The place of meeting may be a porch, a J;~or further information write Missionary Education Movement, 150 Fifth Avenue, lawn, a park, a mountain, a shore, New York City.

The w~men's conferences affiliated with the Council of Women for Home Missions and the 1<'ederation of Women's Foreign Mission Boards of North America are listed on page 3~1 of this issue.

BEST METHODS

or a plain. One or more missionary written suggesting that during some g'uests may be in the party. An ap- quiet vacation moment there may be propriate Bible lesson may be taken a chance, that so seldom comes at from some of the night scenes of the home, to read.

Bible. The singing of missionary Vacation time offers an opportunity hymns ar.companied hy stringed or to interest people in missionary maga- wind instruments may be made a spe- zines. Sometimes a single copy of cial feature, or there may be special your own denominational magazine, numbers, in addition to the hymns, or the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE slmg without accompaniment. WORLD, or Et'eryland, sent to some The love story of some great mis- one at a summer address means that sionary will lend itseLf especially to the magazine is given a place on the a moonlight meeting, and earnest dis- living' room or porch table. A read- cussion of the possibilities of conse- ing that would not be accorded it in crated living will naturally follow the rush of home duties, and a regular under wise leadership. Any regular subscription may follow, at your sug- features of topic study may be intro- gestion.

duced. IN THE RURAL CHURCHES. The A box lunch may follow the pro- summer time is often the time of gram, served with a lively discussion largest opportunity in the country of world aifairs and missionary op- church and the country church is the portunity. church of largest opportunity in mis- LITERATURE CIRCULATION. He who sionary work. In almost any group of lets a friend go away on a summer missionaries, the majority are found outing with no piece of missionary to be products of the country church.

literature in his hand or in his bag- Get ready for the homecoming of gage knows not the appearanC1e of the boys and girls from college. In- missionary opportunity when it stands stead of meeting them with "Young beside him. folks today aren't what they were Literature secretaries, should be when I was young," let your greeting busy in the spring and early summer be, "'Ve are counting on you to help in making up missionary boxes to be us with our summer plans for mis- taken by vacationists or mailed to sion study. It's fine to have you home." them.

When the literature secretary or If there are summer visitors in the president or any other interested your community, find among them worker drops in for a goodby before some one who can add interest to your a friend goes away she may tactfully meetings.

suggest that she has brought with her Interest the mothers of your com- a most delightful book for a com- munity in inviting as guests, students panion along the way, or during the of other nationalities who are in vacation. It may be presented as a America. One Japanese woman said gift, or as a loan from the missionary recently that the longing -6f her. heart library. was to spend the summer in some un- Then there are leaflets. It's a good pretentious Christian home in the plan to see that every one who goes country.

on a vacation receives sometime dur- Get information about such hospi- ing the summer one or more of the tality possibilities from the Student best missionary leaflets to be had. Secretary of your denomination.

They may be mailed one at a time, or "Spend-the-Day Missionary Meet- attractive pasteboard boxes or even ings, " have been successfully ar- plain manila envelopes may be used ranged by a number of farmers' wives as containers for a few choice leaflets who left home aEter the morning's and some clippings attractively ar- work was finished. They provided a ranged. An irresistible letter may be picnic lunch for their husbands and

sons, and then went to some neighbors GE'l'TING RE.DY FOR THE FALL. for dinner. Each guest furnished one Successfnl merchants do not wait undish according to a menu previously til September to decide on their fall arranged. After dinner there was an stock. Fall plans for missionary sohour and a half for the missionary cieties should be in t!ie making long meeting, with adjournment in time before September first. In the spring for everyone to be home for the nec- and early summer before people go essary work of the late afternoon. away on vacations, work out your plans for the fall and winter. Give OUT-OF-DoOR PAGEANTS. Many your leaders a chance to be on the cities and rural communities are in- lookout during the summer for good cluding an out-of-door pageant in ideas for the meetings of which they their Sllmmer plans, thereby enlisting are to have charge. the interest of thousands of people. A safe plan is to print on your an- CHALLENGING ATTENTION nouncements the date with the statement of a seeond date, in case of rain "Is this a typical American audion the first. ence T" asked Mrs. Bascom Copen- haver in introducing her course of Choirs composed of members from lectures on "Race Relationships" at many churches may furnish the the St. Petersburg School of Missions music, and different episodes, or fea- in Florida. tures of the pageant, may be assigned to special groups who can practise to- All over the auditorium hands were gether. If there is efficiency in group raised in answer to her questionpractice, one full rehearsal will be all hands from almost every state in the that is needed for a successful pres- Union, for there were delegates from entation. everywhere. Then the pianist played "My Country 'Tis of Thee." As OPPORTUNITIES FOR PERSONAL the audience sang, typical America WORK. 'When our Lord met men and walked to the platform-men and women along the way, He made the women holding aloft charts which most of His missionary opportunity, gave these figures: at morning, noon and night, in the synagogue, at the well, on the shore, Italians ………………….. 1,610,109 in the homes of friends. Negroes …………………. l1,OOO,O()(J Chinese ………………….. 61,639 There are individuals and groups Jug~·Slavs ……………….. 169,439 at every summer resort, from logging MexIcans ………………… 1,500,000 camp to a fashionable seashore city, Port? Ricans ……………… 1,299,809 who are practically unreached by any RusSlans …………………. 1,400,489 Christian workers. 'I'he" hands" on Indians ………….. ,…….. 341 838 the farm, the "help" in the hotel, the Bulgarians ,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10;477 all-the-year-round res,idents of the Japanese ………………… 111,010 mountains-if the Lord Christ had Jews ………… , …….. ,… 4,000,000 passed along their way He would have Poles …. ,., …….. ,……… 1,139,978 found time to tarry with them until Czechs ……….. "……….. 362436 He could point out the way of life. Hindus …………. ,……… 2;507 Alaskans …………………. 54,899 Then there are the hundreds of colpge students who are working during Only a few words were spoken by their vacation at various summer the leader, but everyone realized resorts. A discriminating visitor re- something of the extent of the probcently remarked, "The greatest possi- lems of America in race relations. bilities in this, conference are to be found in those who are employed to A business man said, "I can't do much, but I'll round up a half dozen serve it." fellows for that mass meeting." OlL many of our summer conference One of the fellows gave a thousand grounds arrangements are made for dollars for missions, another gave his special classes for employees. life in service, and all of them became interested in missions.

Woman's Home and Foreign

– COUNCIL OF -WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS AND FEDERA'fION OFVOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS AfJiliated with DATES AND CKIRMEN FOR 1925 COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HPME :MISSIONS A ffiliated with Dallas, 1'exas (Negro-J-Sept. 27·0ct. 4. :Mrs. C. R. Boswell, 1719 Allen St., Dallas, COUNCIL OF WO~IEN FOR HO~[E MISSIONS Texas.

and Northfield, East Northfield, Massac,husetts- ,July 6·14. Mrs. T. Raymond St. John, FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF 341 Webster Ave., Long Island City, N. Y *** FOREIGN MISSIONS Affiliated w·jth Bethesda, Ohio-Aug. 11-14. Miss Mary I. FFDERA'l'ION OF WOMAN '8 BOARDS OF Scott, 310 Tomlinson Ave., Moundsville, W. Va. FOREIGN MISSIONS Bonlder, Colorado-June 16-25. Mrs. Frank Northfield, East Northfield, Ma8saohusetts- ,L Smith, 515 E. 11 Avenue, Denver, Colo. July 14-22. Mrs. Henry W. Peahody, Beverly, Mass. Dallas, Te;tas-Sept. 27-0et, 4. Mrs. L. P. Smith, 3319' Drexel Drive, Dallas, Texas. Baltimore, MMyland–October. Mrs. Henry Zoller, 1323 LaIlva.]e St., Baltimore, Md. De Dand, Florida-F'eb. 1-6. Mrs. John W. Smock, 320 N. Boulevard, De Land, Fla. Kerrville, Texas-July 27-Aug. 1. Mrs. J. L. Brock, Box 411, Bryan. Texas. Houstrm, Texas-Oct. 5-9. Mrs. J. W. Fincher, 1101 Kenwood Ave., Houston, Chautauqua, N. Y.-Aug. 23-29. Mrs. F. Texas. E. Adams, 2033 E. 88th St., Cleveland, Ohio. Illinoi8-Mi8souri (Greenville, Ill.)-June 16- 20. Mrs. J. D. Bragg, 638 Oakwood Ave., Not Yet Affiliated Webster Groves, Mo. Mills College Oakland, Califorl1ia-Jnne 20- Lake Geneva, Wi8consin-July 6-13. Mrs. 27. Mrs. Paul Raymond, 90 Santa :Monica C. W. Peterson, 11132 S. Hoyne Ave., Way, San Francisco, CaL Chicago, Ill. *** Minnesota (Minneapolis-St. Paul)-June 1- 5. Mrs. J. F. Marlatte, 419 Newton Ave., HOME MISSIONS INSTITUTE North, Minneapolis, Minn. Conducted by Mt. Herman, Ca.liforniar-July 4·11. Mrs. Paul Raymond, gO Santa Monica. Way, COU"CIL OF WOMEN FOil. HOME :MISSIONS San Francisco, California. Chantauqua, New Yo·rk-Ang. 15-21. Mrs. Moun,tain Lake Park, Maryland-July 29· John Ferguson, 156 Fifth Ave., New Aug. 4. Miss Susan C. Lodge, 1720. Arch York, N. Y. St., Philadelphia, Pa. NO'NeE New Orleans, Louisiana-Nov. 9-13. :Mrs. D. Beach Carre, 44 Andubon Boulevard, The 1925 Schools of Missions under the New Orleans, La. auspices of the Interdenominational Com· mittee of the Central West for Missions will Olelahoma City, Oklahoma-June 1-5. Mrs. be held as follows: Joseph Deupree, 1609 W. 19th St., Okla- homa City, Oklahoma.

St. Petersburg, Flor·ida-Jan. 18-23. Mrs. G. W. Cooper, 250 Fifth Ave., N., St. Petersburg, Florida.

Southern California (Los Allgeles)-June 1-5. Mrs. H. W. Crabb<l, 1135 W. 30th St., Los Angeles, Cal.

,Vilson College, Ch'ambersburg, Pa.-June 29-July 6. Miss Mary C. Peacock, '1'0['- I'esdale, P a.

Winona Lake, Indiana-.June 23-30. Mrs. C. W. Peterson, 11132 South Hoyne Ave., Chicago, Ill.

FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN EDITED BY EI,LA D. 1-IAc LAURIN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK SOME REMARKABLE NEW BOOKS older women but among young w(}men who have suffered most in the lessen- By Luol' W .. PEABODY ing of the emphasis on prayer and who have known less of the earlier In all discussions regarding the movements and history of Boards Church and our missionary organiza- born of prayer. tions one feature is emphatically and continuously stressed. The Church Beautiful pictures of pioneers must come back to a greater emphasis brighten the pages of the book. One on spiritual power. Our materialistic reads in the lines of their faces the age has swept the Church along with victories won by devout and prayerit and we have given more emphasis ful lives. Let us make an effort to to organization and efficiency than to double the number in missionary the development of the spiritual life. study groups.

PRAYER AND MISSlONS.-At this BRAVE ADVENTURERS.-Our Junior moment comes our new textbook, by Study Book is by Katharine Scherer Helen Barrett Montgomery, who has Cronk, who is well known to readers given us five remarkable books. of the REVIEW and to the Federation, 'rhrough the twenty-five years of indeed to all of us who know the work United Study we have not failed to of Summer Schools. She has given note the great results which have come us this year a simple, yet profound through the spiritual efforts of our book for boys and girls which should .missionaries. Iow, for .the first time, have a far wider use than in small we are to spend a year in the study groups of juniors. If there is any and dh;covery of unlimited power re- possibility of introducing this study leased through prayer which is God's into our Sunday-schools we trust our method. H~ does not excuse us from leaders will find the way.. We mourn human effort. He appreciates every sometimes the decadence of youth. strong wise movement for building up Whose fault is it? Let us bring to His Kingdom but as He sees us losing our children today the old, old lessons our vision through the strenuous ef- that God has taught through all the fort we have had to make to secure ages. Let us teach them to pray and what seems to us necessary He calls show them the glory of this service us back to reconsider this, the might- through the lives of great men and iest factor, little used. Only as our women portrayed in the book "BRAVE powers are linked to His greatness ADVENTURERS. " The moral is in the can we succeed. story, not tagged on. The thread of conversation running through the Mrs. Montgomery has given us a book gives it unity. There will be an vision. In the first two chapters we interesting pamphlet, "Suggesti(}ns study the Biblical Practice and Teach- for Junior Leaders and Sunday ings. Then we are led out into mar- School Teachers," in which Mrs. velous illustrations of answered Cronk has gathered helps f,rom exprayers of our missionaries and our' perts in hand work and practical sugnew Christians in the Orient proving gestions, together with her own. We that "nothing lies beyond the reach hope this book will be taught in every of prayer except that tvhich lies out- one of our Schools of Missions. There side the will of God!. " is nothing to take its place. Make this a year of concentration on the Thousands of women who cannot Child. Here is the remedy for the join in the study of the book, might faults of 0111' age. Let us stop befind life changed by reading it quiet- wailing our times and begin to correct ly. Ve urge this year a great effort them with the aid of this book. on the part" of all Boards and leaders to introduce the book, not only among

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETINS

There are some beautifUl illustra- enough for the amount of work and tions running through the book, not money we are putting into this maga- only halftone pictures, but clever pen zine, not nearly enough for the and ink l'Iketches preceding each chap- Boards_ Our special offer for the ter and giving the Key Note. yea!", Five Subscriptions for Five PRAYERS POR LITTLE CHILDREN, by Dollars, has been appreciated and we IJuey W. Peabody, is the title of our have as a result fifteen hundred new third book which is for very little peo- subscribers. There should be at least ple. Even a child of two or three fifteen thousand more to enable us to years can be tanght to pray and enjoy maintain the magazine. There is no prayer. What are we doing to bring magazine in the world doing exactly these little ones to the Saviour who the work of Everyland in world blessed children like themselves' In friendship, educating boys and girls this tiny book are prayers for many of all lands through stories and beau- occasions, ",Vhen I Am Afraid," tiful pictures to respect each other , 'When Father and Mother Are and really to love each other, none Away," "Wben I Am Sick," "When that presents home and foreign mis- I -Wake Up," ",Vhen I Go to Sleep," sions in the same way. The hope of "On My Birthday," "On Christmas the world lies in this work for boys Day, " sixteen in all. They have been and girls. What are you doing to used with one little four-year-old who help?

calls for them &gain and again. When We have stories promised by Jean asked whirh he loved best, he said" I Mackenzie, Margaret Applegarth, think the one 'When I Am Afraid' Ruth Mason Rice, Janet Gargon, Julia and the one' vVhen I Am Naughty.' " Deane and many other favorites.

I f we can teach young and old to Short stories and the "EXCHANGE"

come to Christ when they are afraid by Mrs_ Cronk and the "BooKsHop"

and when they have done wrong we by Mrs. Billings.

shall have done something to help this We are announcing, and trust that poor old world. There is a book plate this announcement will be made by with lines for name and age. The all our missionary magazines, which missionary prayers may help PrimarY have been so appreciative and helpful, Teachers. our introductory offer of six numbers Weare hoping soon to announce a for fifty cents, beginning with the book along the lines of World Peace. double number, July-August, out We have not the title but the book June' 15th, and extending through by several well known authors is in December. Here is an opportunity to the making. This will be a discus- find out what EveryZ(Jlnd is. Many sion book containing considerable ma- will follow with a SUbscription for the terial and should be used in open coming year. If we can have your forums in every Summer School as a aid in securing a great number of preparation for leaders for similar these trial subscriptions we will do the discussion groups in the community. rest. One public library takes twen- This will not be a pacifist book, nei- ty-six copies of Everyland annually ther will it be a political book, but for use in its reading rooms. How it will take up the whole question of about your public library, your Sun- the possibilities of substituting law day-school classes, boys and girls in for war in a Christian and reasonable your own home, among your relatives way, in God's way_ Further an- and in your foreign, home and city nouncements will be made as the book mission fields ~ The magazine is en- progresses_ dorsed by the Foreign Missions Con- Everylattd – THE MAGAZINE OF ference of North America and the VORLD FRIENDSHIP FOR GIRLS AND statement in the Bulletin of the recent BoYs.-Wc are rejoicing in new sub- lfissionary Convention is that the scribers but there are still not nearly "magazine has no rival an this side

of the water." We would go a little Order from M. H. Leavis, West Medford, farther than that, and are highly Mass., or your Woman's Board. complimented that there is an imitation of Everyland in Great Britain Those who wish the story of twent~-five years of United Study with the program tor the w'hich has taken the same name. ~;t~eO~J;ni'i;o~~~g!ntoW~.s~~gi~~Vl~a~e:ta~eJ~ ",Ve touch in Everyland on great ford, Mass. Miss Leavls will also 'send sample rerorms, on the needs or our country ('opies of Everyland to any who are Interested. as well as life in every country of the world, made attractive through stories FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S of boys and girls. It is good for young peoplt' from eight to seventeen BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS years. Mrs. Cronk's .Bxchange calls OfBcen in the older group, and they have petitioned that the age limit be extend- President-Mrs. E. IL Silverthorn, New ed from sixteen to seventeen. Many York City.

of onr readers are high school students Vice-President-Mrs. W. F. McDowell, and many are boys and girls in our Washington, D. C_ Junior departments. Vice-Presi,lent-Mrs. Ernest Evans, New Do not fail us on this one children's' York City. magazine for all the churches and for all the countries of the world. You Recorliing SecretaTy-Miss Vernon HaJJi- day, New York City_ have not completed your missionary task until you have aSflumed respon- Treasurer-Mrs. DeWitt Knox, New York sibility for Everyland_ It does not City.

involve any Board in expense, only Executive Secretary-Miss Ella D. Macslight effort and frequent notices, and Laurin, New York City.

a place on the literature table at all Chairmen of Standing ComD1ittees your meetings. Christiarl Literat"re for Women ana Chi!- Prayer ana Mi-ssWIl8, by Helen Barrett dren in Mission Fierds-Miss Alice M. Montgomery. Paper covers, 50 cents, Kyle, Boston, Mass. postpaid; cloth covers, 75 cents, postpaid. Cent"al Committee on the United Study of Brave Adventurers, by Katharine Scherer Foreign Missions-Mrs. Henry W. Pea- Cronk. Paper covers, 50 cents, postpaid; body, Boston, Mass. cloth covers, 75 cents, postpaid. Church m.d Mi-ssionary J?ederati<Hls-Miss Prayers for Little People, by Lucy W. Pea- Carrie M. Kerschner, Philadelphia, Pa. body. Price, 25 cents. Conferences and Schoors of Missions-Miss How to Use. A pamphlet containil)g pro- Mary Peacock, TOlTesdale, Pa. grams and suggestions for the Senior book, Prayer and Missions, by Helen Bar- Day of Prayer for MissiOM–Mrs. H. B. rett Montgomery. Price, 15 cents. Montgomery, Rochester, N. Y.

Suggestions fO!' Junior Leaders and Sunday- Fore'ign Students in America–M:iss Mabelle Rae McVeigh, New York City. Schaal Teachers, by Katharine Scherer Cronk. Price, 15 cents. Internationa.l Institutions on the Foreign Field-Miss Margaret Hodge, New York City.

Method., of Work-Mrs. L. J. P. Bishop, New York City.

Student Work-Mrs. D. J. Fleming, Engle- wood, N. J.

By·Laws–Mrs. H. R. Steele, Nashville, Tenn.

HOME MISSION BULLETIN EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINL_N, 156 F'IFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK ABOUT OUR BOOKS twenty-one years, the last five of which have been under the regis of By EDITH H. ALLEN the Joint Committee on Home Mission Literature, composed of representa- From the report of the Committee on Study tives of the Missionary Education Courses of' the Council of Women for Home Movement and the Council of Women Missions of which Mrs. Allen has been chair- for Home Missions. n!an. as well A.B chairman of' the Joint Committee on Home Mission Lite-rature. We must take account of the impli- cations of growth; the need of flexi- And so we come to another turn in bility and power of response to the lengthening road of home mission service through the study books. It has been a widening way through

1925J WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLE'l'INS

emerging new circumstances and de- fomia. Suggestions to leaders will be mands, so that the books at the time published. of p~blication may be capable of presentmg our most vital thinking and For Intermediated: our best realizations. J'he complexity 3. "HIGH ~DVEN;URE," by P,icril Hess, faced also holds the challenge of our day-a time not at ease with itself Managmg EdItor of the Woman., Pres", but everywhere seeking somethino' former worker among Slavic industrial more satisfying to the sense of the e: workers in AUll3rica and a member of sentials of a more abundant life. the Prague Survey group. Suggestions to leaders will be pnblished. 'rhe Committee believes that to Por Juniors: know. love an d choose twhehictrhuei~ the beautiful and the good, the 4. "BETTER AMERICAKS, NUMBF-B THREE J'

goal of all such efforts, is a social by Herbert Wright Gates, Secretary 'of t~e Department of Missionary Educaprocess enlisting the whole of society hon of the Congregational Education Society. TJIe third and last volume in and the whole of the individual. The "'l'he Better America Series: Junior Home Mission Courses." General Committee has sought to help meet theme of this volume; How home mis- ~ion agencies have helped in the makthis by giving the best obtainable mg of a better America. Since the books of the Better America series are ('onception-an ideal of righteousness intended for teachers, no separate "Suggestions for Le':lders" will be in human relations-and to secure for issued.

these through the books the full pres- Proposals for the future include sure of ChrisHan consciousness and planning a three-year cycle for little dedication. children of the primary grade in The educational trend also of our which. will occur no distinction, geo- times is in line with its inner wistful- graphIcal or other-wise, between for- ness of seeking a more satisfying eign and home missions, and indeed course than the ready acceptance of no mention of such titles, the thought things poured in or the status quo of heing to interest the child in his world whatever sort, and so we have the col- reaching ont from him through the lege students-the youth out in the home and the community to the dis- stream of life – and the children tant unknown places, to other children through their leaders asking that ma- who are also of the family of the terial suited to the quickening of their Heavenly Father, thus creating a conpowers at the place and age where ~ciousness of unity and oneness with they are, be available. In response the children of other opportunities to such compulsions the expanded and other lands that will, it aisndhospeervd~ bear fruit in Kingdom love program, with its varied material fo!'" ice. It is expected that the secretaries the needs of folk of differing abgeees~ apprehensions and approach. has responsible for both foreign and home offered to the constituency. The sales mission seryice may assist in arrang- of books during 1924 totaled 149.843. ing the details of such a cycle and at The books for 1925-26 are: as early a date as possible.

For Adults and Young People: Xow that the three-year cycle of 1. "PEASANT PIONEERS." A study book on junior home mission courses in the the Slavs in America, by Kenneth D. Miller of the Board of National Mis- Better America series has been com- sions of the Preshyterian Church in the U. S. A., and former director of the pleted, it has been decided to earn· Jan Hus House, New York City' this plan of curriculum building int~ anthor of The Czecho·Slovak.. in .A me/ iea: Snggestions to leadprs will b,' the intermediate grade and it is pro- published. posed to issue in the spring of 1926 2. "FROM OVER THE BORDER," a stndy book on the Mexicans in the United States the first volume of a new three-year by Vernon McCombs, superintendent of intermediate c~'cle. The plan i~ to the Latin Arn'lrican Mission of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Cali· make the first yolume an historical study of the home mission enterprise in a form suitable for the use of boys and girls twelve to fourteen years old.

I t is strongly urged that leaders of Mrs. W .•f. Gruhlcr, Evangelical. .iunior groups continue their use of Mrs. C. E. Vickers, Friends. the Better America series of junior Mrs. Philip M. Rossman, Lutheran. Mrs. M. L. Copeland, Colored M. E.

courses, repeating the books with the Mrs. Mary L. Coleman, Free Methodist. younger children who have come up Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff, M. E. into the junior classes and depart- Mrs. J. H. McCoy, M. E. So. ments. It is probable that no new Mrs. J. A. Macdonald, Presbyterian in Canada.

course book for juniors will be issued Mrs. W. C. Winsborough, Presby. in U. S. for several years. In the meantime it is planned to bring out some new Mrs. Fred S. Bennett, Presby. in U. S. A. books of stories for juniors to read on :Miss Grace Lindley, Protestant Episcopal. lIlrs. Tabor Knox, Reformed in Americ". Miss Alice E. Bell, United Brethren.

themes that are appropriate. Fuller Recording Secretary-Mrs. Edwin W. Lentz, announcements regarding these read- Reformed in U. S. ing books will be made later. Treasurer-Mrs. OITin R. .1 udd, Baptist. Perhaps it will not be amiss to re- Exemtiive Secretary – Miss Florence E.

Quinlan.

iterate as a motivating influence the Executive Supervisor, Migra,nts – Mis s whole-hearted conviction of the Committee that back of the turmoil and Laura H. Parker. .

A.88ista,nt Treasurer-1nss G. Evelyn Morse.

social restlessness of our times is a Members-at-Large very real desire for that which more Mrs. George W. Colema.n, Mrs. Wilbur P. deeply satisfies-for spiritual realities Thirkield, Mrs. John S. Allen.

and values-a craving for more of Committees and Chairmen Christian reality in our national institutions and the more abundant life Adm,ini8tra,tive~Mrs. John Ferguson. for the individual; the conviction also St"dy CouTse8 and Literat'ure-Miss E. Jes· that not only is our day restless, it is sie Ogg. Day of l'myer fo)" Missio!l.8-Mrs. S. S.

urgent-it cannot, will not wait to Hough. seize something of promise for the Schools of Miss;ons-}.frs. Philip M. Ross· fever of its needs. In view of this, the home mission literature, with its man. Chauta"qua-Mrs. .J ohn Ferguson. Women's Church and Missionary Federa.· immense reach and influence, must tions-Miss Carrie M. Kerschner. not fail of its utmost ministry, not only to those upon whom rests the Student Worlc-M'ss Elinor K. Purves. burdens of mature life and service Legislative Matters-Mrs. Samuel Semple. Farm and Cannery Migrants-Mrs. William B. Ollver.

today, but even more insistently must Committees with Home Missions it reach the youth of our land, saying to them on behalf of the Church and Council Home Missions, , ,We recognize you Joint A dminist"ati,'e–Mrs. John Ferguson as heirs of America and of the Alaska-Dr. L. O. Baird. Blind-Miss Irene Haislip.

Church's future. and as such would Chumh B11,i1(linf!~Mr. Joseph S. Wis.,. share with you what we know of your Citie., Ilnd Urban Iit'dustrial Relations-Dr. inheritance and would see your torch lighted by Him who is the Light of William P. Shriwr.

Financial anri Fiduciary Matters – Dr. Charles L. White.

Life and of nations." Hebreu·s-Dr. .Tohn S. Conning. Indian Missions–Dr. T,homas C. Moffett. COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME Literature and PUblicity-Rev. Coe Hayne.

MISSIONS Migrant Gro"ps~Rev. Ralph S. Adams. Officers Mormonism-Dr. J<~dward Laird Mills. Negro Americans-Rev. Fred L. Brownlee.

Pre..iaent-Mrs. John Ferguson, United J)Jew Americmt8–Rev. Thomas Burgess.

Presbyterian. Orientals and Hawa,iians-Dr. George L.

Yic'e-President-at-Larqe-Mrs. F. W. W~l· Cady.

cox, Congregational. Recruiting-Miss Elinor K. Purves.

V;CC-PTIJsiilents- Spanish-Spea7,;ill'g-Mrs . •T. W. Dowwl.

Miss Nannie H. Burroughs, National Standa.rdization-Dr. Warren H. Wilson.

Bal,tist. TowiV and Country (including Mountaineer8) Mrs. Athelia M. Howsare, Christian. -Dr. Edmund deS. Brunner.

Miss Daisy June Trout. West IndieS-Rev. C. S. Detweiler.

FROM .MANY

INDIA cushion in the middle of the thorns. A girl had what seemed to be a stick The All-India Christian Conference stuck right through her cheeks and on each cheek realistic smearings of T HE eleventh session of the All- blood; but as I was returning home I India Christian Conference which found her washing off the gum and met in Bombay last December strong- blood marks and found that she had ly protested against the ordinance ingeniously fastened a stick on each passed in South Africa, depriving side of her face and by sucking in Indians of municipal franchise in her cheeks made it appear that one Natal. It welcomed the plan to hold stick was stuck through both cheeks. a unity c(}nference in Delhi for In- 1 spoke to her about the deception dians of differing religious beliefs; it and she said, 'We must do something also appro'led of the All-Parties Conference unitedly working for self- for our stomachs.' " government in India. . Resolutions were passed in: favor of prohibition New Attitude of SwaraJists of alcoholic liquors and protests were I T is reported from India, according made against the persecution of to the Continent, that much of the Christians by non-Christian relatives terrorism and turbulence which have and neighbors. The place of women been so prevalent in the land for sevin church councils was recognized, eral years has died down. The presand the need of educated, unselfish ent era of bettcr feeling, following Indian Christian leaders was empha- some drastic actions in October by the Government, including arrests of sized.

Hindu Sacred Festival scores of agitat(}rs, was ushered in during November by publication of a THE annual festival of the god Swarajist manifesto in The Indian Gurunathan in the town of .An- Review. This declaration, published tbiyur, South India, gave the workers over the signatures of l1ahatma of the Ceylon and India General Mis- Gandhi, C. R. Das and Pundit Moti- sion a great opportunity to preach lal Nehru, was in effect a definite the Gospel and to sell many Bible por- abandonment of the outstanding tions. One of tbem, Mr. Merriweather, policy of the Swarajists. It stated writes not only of this opportunity that while swaraj or home rule is tut also of some of the deceptions "the goal (}f all the parties in India,"

practised upon the people: "As merit the country is divided into different is acquired by the giving of alms, the groups which apparently have been town is besieged with beggars during working in contrary directions, the festival days. There are holy beggars result being an antagonism which has and crippled beggars, lazy beggars retarded progress toward swaraj. Ac- and dirty beggars, and all seated by cordingly, the leaders recommended the roadsides asking alms. The more that non-cooperation be suspended as a man torments himself, the holier he a national program. The exception seems to b<1 in the eyes of the pe(}ple, called for by the manifesto is that the and therefore the better able to add people continue to refuse to use cloth to the merit of one giving to him. made outside of India and make ef- One man is seen lying on a heap of forts to promote native hand spin- thorns; but when he went for his ning. Swaraj as a principle is widely food he forgot to take away the soft regarded as on the whole a helpful 397

IllOYClllcnt in India as traiuing for lislled bv Hey. John U. Lowrie. Dr. self-government where subservience VeIte re'views the outstanding events and dependence on others has been of the last three decades as the union the r1l1e for thousands of years. of Presbyterian churches in India into one church, known as the Presby- Christian Marriage Problems terian Church of India; the great re- vival in 1905 which began in the ASPECIAL committee reported at Khassia hills' in Assam and from the meeting of the Punjab Chris- there spread throughout India; and tian Council on a prohlem which has the adoption by the mission of the been stated as follows: "A certain "Saharanpur plan" by which the number of Indian girls are refraining work of the mission is transferred to from, or indefinitely delaying, mar- a board or committee on which the riage. While the number of such Indian Church and the mission have girls is small, it is growing to an ex- equal representation. A committee tent that merits the serious attention has been appointed by the missions of the Christian community. A few to draw up a program for the next Indian Christian girls are marrying ten years.-The Continent. outside the Christian community." MOllle:m1l and the Y. M. C. A. Among various causes for this state of affairs the committee pointed out FOR two years Mohammed's birththese: day has been celebrated in the city Y. M. C. A. of Bangalore by the Mos- Owing t~ a deficiency in the supply, there lem students of the Wesleyan Mission is a relatively greater demand for the serv- High School. The celebration took ices of young women of given qualifications place 0 n Sunday afternoon and than for those of young men of equal quali- caused considerable criticism because fil'ations. This results in the offer to young the Y. M. C. A. had permitted its WOlllell of comparatively higher pay. Mm'- auditorium to be used for this pur- riage~ therefore, sometimes represents to pose. The oppositiON was not due to the girl an actual financial sacrifice. a narrow or unfriendly attitude toward Mohammedans but to the fact 'rhe average girls' school is of a type that Moslems themselves would missuperior to the a.verage boys' Bchool, as ,'e- understand the concession as minigarcls teaching staff, contact between mizing the vital difference between teachers and pnpils, and general supervision Mohammed and Christ. -it is, in short, more efficient. It fOllows, therefore, that the girls receive more care- Work for Criminal Tribes ful training than the boys of the same social group. THE progress t~ward not only de- cent, but even Christian, living Ninety Years of Work in India which has been made in the Criminal Tribes Settlement is one of the most AT Ludhiana, India, in the Punjab striking stories told by the Marathi Mission, October 15, 1924, a serv- Mission of the American Board in ice was held in commemoration of the Bombay Presidency. Under the dininetieth anniversary not only of the rection of its Madura Mission in Punjab Mission, but of the whole South India, half a million people of foreign mission enterprise of the the Kallal' caste are SUbmitting them- Presbyterian Church U. S. A. Dr. H. selves to Christian guidance and in- C. Velte, veteran missionary to struction. By arrangement with the India, stationed at Saharanpur, in Government, which pays for the land, writing of the ninety years' work, buildings and most of the work, while points out that while the Syria Mis- the Board furnishes the missionary sion is older than the Punjab Mission, oversight and the training of the the work in Syria was begun by the teachers, seventy village schools have American Board. It was in 1834 that the Presbyterian Church assumed definite responsibility for the preaching of the Gospel to non-Christian peoples outside the 'Gnited States. The work at Ludhiana was estab-

1925J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

been opened, by the Madura Mission; through the council sessions. The while fifty of the more promising third woman, Miss Harriet R. Macchildren have been placed in boarding Curdy of H waiyuen, was not able to schools. Churches are springing up attend. During the council meeting, on many sides, and a strong evan- however, it was felt that perhaps the gelistic work is under way. The Kal- action in coopting these women memlal's are the hereditary robber caste of bers had been too hasty and was not South India; hitherto they have con- entirely legal, as changes of this kind sidered it honorable to make their usually have to go down to the misliving by predatory ways. The ('m- sions and be voted upon during the phasis is placed upon agriculture and year. So not until the votes are the trades in order to inculcate hard counted next year will the women work and self-support, and the people delegates know whether or not they are responding with surprising alac- are full members of the China Counrity. At Hubli, in Bombay Presi- cil.-The Continent. dency, a criminal tribes settlement, which has been carried on since 1920 Value of "D. V. B. S." in China by the S. P. G., now has 2,300 people. Rev. C. M. Edwards writes: "There THE important work being done in are three children's homes at Hubli, certain places in China by the each managed by an Indian Christian Daily Vacation Bible Schools has ocand his wife, and no home contains casionally been reported in the Remore than fifteen children. These at- view. It has now been officially tend the Settlement day school, and announced that over 100,000 illiterate their home life is in a Christian at- boys and girls are enrolled at these mosphere. We hope and pray that schools in China, 40 per cent of them they may grow up to be leaders of being from bandit homes. These little their people. " Orientals not only crowd the schools but have shown their gratitude by CHINA con,tributing the equivalent of $175 United States money, that children in Women in China Council thei,r own and other lands may share their privileges. This unselfish offer- THE China Council, which is com- ing so touched the heart of a New posed of one representative each York business man that he sent in his from the North China, Central China, check to duplicate the gift. The work Kiangan, Hun an, South China, of the Association has a firm foothold Hainan and Yunnan Missions of the in China, as evidenced by the fact Presbyterian Church and two repre- that the natives themselves have paid sentatives from the big Shantung half the cost and 6,460 Chinese stu- Mission, meets at stated intervals to dents have volunteered as teachers. consider the problems which are con- 'fhere are now 2,072 such schools in tinually arising in the work of the China, held in mission chapels, mismissions. Heretofore the council rep- sion schools and even in Buddhist and resentatives have been men, but this Confucian temples. The reports of year it was decided to include ttree the Association show that among 60,- women. Miss Margaret Moninger 000,000 Chinese children for whom was elected from Hainan, and was there are no educational facilities, able to attend the council sessions be- the Vacation Bible Schools have done cause unsettled conditions in Hainan much to reduce illiteracy and improve since the death of Rev. George D. By- social conditions. ers have made it necessary to discontinue for the time much of the Evangelism in Prison mission work. Mrs. Margaret A. Frame, principal of the girls' high THREE Chinese evangelists from school at Tengchow, was the second the various chapels in Peking visit woman member, and she also sat the model penitentiary outside one of

the city gates every Saturday aftcr- Suspicion attached to a little group noon. The chaplain at the prison, of men who were found on the doorwhom the Chinese call "Teacher of step of a chapel. These people, when Morality," is a very earnest Chris- i.nterrogated, declared themselves to tian, a former army officer under be Christians, and the policemen were General Feng, the Christian generaL somewhat nonplused for a moment, When the evangelists come to the because they did not wish to get into prison the prisoners are gathered trouble for arresting Christians, who in their workshops to listen to the were usually supposed to be good peothirty-minute sermon. After the ple. But their native ingenuity came service the preachers are allowed quickly to their rescue, and, ordering to talk freely with individual pris- the suspects into the chapel, they reoners. There are .500 prisoners quested them to conduct a service. and seventy guards, all of whom are The result was so grotesque that the supplied with New Testaments by the yamen runners marched the whole Pocket Testament League. Many are group off to prison without further members of Bible classes and recently delay. seventy-six asked for baptism. That a man is confined in a prison in China Buddhist Nun. Baptized does not necessarily mean that he is a criminaL Many men in the model MISS E. K. SAUNDERS, C. M. S. penitentiary are there for political missionary in Canton, reports reasons, having in some way offended that early last year foul' Buddhist' the "powers that be" in China. nuns, one of whom was an abbess, Others are young men who have been were received into the women's school. led astray. But some of the most Canton. They had heard of Chrisdesperate characters serving a life tianity through the faithful preachsentence in the prison are among ing of a Bible woman working in the those who have been converted.-The country district in which their con- Continent. vent was situated; and when oppor- tunity presented itself these four Hallelujah a Password women came to the school, while three children, who were also being I T has been reported from China in trained as nuns, went to the C. M. S. World Dominion (London) that Victoria Home, Kowloon. Most of when at the end of October General the nuns had been in the convent Feng made himself master of Peking, since babyhood, and had known no a lady who wanted to enter the city other life. "The day they came to was stopped by the soldiers of the us," writes Miss Saunders, "will not "Christian Army." In her perplex- easily be forgotten. Dressed as men, ity a brilliant idea came to her; she their heads closely shaven, strict vegeshouted, "Hallelujah!" and the guard tarians – one wondered how long immediately stood to attention and let would be needed to change the habits her pass. "Those who know the Chi- of years. .'. . On November 23d we nese," comments the narrator, "will had the joy of seeing three of these agree that the story is probably quite women confess Christ's Name in baptrue. There is a serio-comic element tism before a crowded congregation in the Chinese make-up which is al- in our Chinese Church of Our together delightful, and possibly the Saviour." soldiers appreciated the humor of the situation. " Bible Students in Y. M. C. A.

A further illustration of this trait OUT of a total membership of 26,- in Chinese character may be found in 000 in the Y. M. C. A. 's of China, the following story: Some wrong- 17,000 are enrolled in about 1,000 doers were wanted by the Chinese Bible classes. In the City of Hanyamen runners in a certain district. chow there are 2,100 enrolled for

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 40'1

Bible study, and out of that number military of our city are importing 1,800 attended every session during opium to sell openly on our streets. the year. The ehurches received No one dares raise a voice in protest, 1,300 students from Y. M. C. A. Bible only the Christian Church under its classes for baptism last year. China's foreign protection, but even then the first Y. M. C. A. was formed in Tien- Christians fear persecution at the tsin in 1896, because in those days hands of soldiers. With a mountain that was the only Chinese city with of difficulty like this before us we modern schools. A debating society need to combine our Christian forces, was organized first among a g,roup of and do more than we have. Natustudents. Many of China's leading rally we look with eager eyes for the statesmen today first learned to speak day when our churches at home will in public in this little Y. M. C. A. vision the terrific world need of today The next move was to establish a and unite their forces to combat what Bible class consisting of eight or nine we can never overcome divided as we members. Out of that number the are into so many and often hostile first gave his whole time from 1900 camps." till 1910 to fighting scientifically the opium curse. No.2 became a famous JAPAN.KOREA engineer. Four of the others became the first chairmen of the National Christianity in Japanese Schools Committee and of the Associations in Tientsin, Hongkong and Shanghai TEN years ago nothing seemed resp ectively. more improbable than the opening of the Japanese government schools Cooperation in Szechwan to Christian influence. They were sedulously guarded against all reli- REV. ARCHIBALD G. ADAMS, gious teaching. Today the schools are of the American Baptist Mission openly and gladly accepting Chrisat Kia tin g, Szechwan Province, tian literature. Fourteen hundred of writes to the Christian Century of the them, aU above primary grade, with cooperative missionary work that is an aggregate enrolment of 400,000 being done in that far-inland city: students, are receiving and reading "Three missions, representing as with the full knowledge and consent many denominations and nationalities of their principals some 50,000 copies at work in this one city. have been a month of a Christian paper, the organized into a Christian (;Ouncil fOl: Myojo ("Day Star"), published by over two years, and have clone a h,t the Christian Literature Society of of work together. Besides union Japan. The demand for the papers is meetings once a month, with bi- steadily growing year by year. This monthly communion services to- society has found itself obliged, gether, we have monthly business from sheer lack of funds, to limit its meetings ancl our sub-organizations, efforts to the higher grade schools and like the pastoral and edncational com- some few primary schools who were mittees, have fortnightly meetings. fortunate enough to get on the list. Every year we conduct a union evan- Other appeals come in f.rom many of gelistic campaign. Jail visitation is the more than 25,000 primary schools, done together, evangelistic work dur- but are met with the dishearteningreing heathen festivals is conducted in ply, "impossible." To meet this diffiunison, :fire and famine relief by QO- culty a committee, headed by Bishop operation, publishing sheet tracts is a Tucker of Kyoto, decided to see that union task, and now we are together every primary school in the country inaugurating a campaign against the had at least one chance to read and planting, selling and smoking of consider Christ's message to the opium, which has of late made seri()Us world. This committee has offered to inroads. To line their pockets the send a few copies of the Day St(#" each month to every principal who 5

wishes to read them himself, or to heads of families receive the frandistribute them to his staff. The com- chise. mittee has now completed the first circularization of Japan's 25,000 pri- Gospels for Tokyo Schools mary schools and more than 1,800 applications for the paper have been THE remarkable opportunity that received-an. average of 150 schools came to the National Sundaya month! Clearly a great oppor- school Association of Japan to give tunity is offered and yet the treasury Christian teaching in the public is quite empty. In each of the 25,000 schools of Tokyo was described in the schools is a staff of educated men and REVIEW for May, 1924. Already one women teachers who will mould the hundred schools are supplied with in- (]haracters of the rising generation. structors but they cannot go oftener They can teach only what they know, than once a month. Money to supand the great majority know little of port more secretaries would enable God, and Christianity is a mere hear- more schools to be reached and more say to them. To send the paper to frequently than once a month. Rethese 1,800 schools costs more than cently 12,000 copies of nicely illus- Y90 ($45) per month. The only re- trated Gospels and Acts printed in sources are the regular contributions Japanese were contributed by a of friends who sympathize with this friend through the London Scripture form of mis~ionary endeavor. Gift Mission for distribution among the students in the public schools of Make your check payable to the Tokyo. These were given to the rep- Rev. J. J. Chapman, Treasurer, resentative of the 'Vorld's Sunday- Karasumaru D 0 r i, Shimotachiuri, s c h 0 0 1 Association, H 0 rae e E. Kyoto, Japan. Coleman, the Educational Secretary in Japan, who recently returned to Manhood Suffrage for Japan Japan after having completed his furlough. BOTH Houses of the Japanese Diet passed on March 29 the Universal Memorial to Dr. Hepburn Manhood Suffrage bill by large majorities after heated debates and after AT A meeting of presbytery in a compromise had been reached by Japan in the spring of 1924, the joint committees of both Houses as to late Dr. Uemura told of a man in amendments, thus averting a Cabinet Yok~hama, a classmate of his, whom crisis which had been impending. Dr. Hepburn had befriended and had recommended to a foreign business Both Houses took a standing vote. firm. The young Japanese embezzled In the Upper House there were only and was put in prison. Dr. Hepburn three dissenting votes, but in the helped and trusted him after he was Lower House the Seiyuhonto Party, released, and later he became a in a block, opposed the bill. The suf- wealthy man. The Shiloh Church in frage bill, as passed by the Diet in Yokohama, the first Presbyterian what will be recorded in Japanese church in Japan, which was burned history as an epoch-making session, after the earthquake, is being rebuilt extends the f,ranchise to about 14,- at a cost of $125,000, and $75,000 of 000,000 voters, whereas scarcely more the amount has been given by this than 3,000,000 persons have cast their same man as a memorial to Dr. Hepballots in any previous election in burn. •Japan. As finally adopted, the bill grants the franchise to all male sub- A Missionary Hortienlturist jects of 30 years of age and above, excepting persons who have been con- THE Board of Foreign Missions of victed of crime or are dependent the Presbyterian Church in the for support upon private or public U. S. A. sent D. N. Lutz to Korea in charity. In the case of peers, the 1921 to teach agriculture in connec-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

tion with the Pyengyang College and fields. We confidently expect that Academy. Since his arrival he has this experiment will serve as a wholegiven his time to language study and some ineentive to the other missions, to the study of agricultural conditions. so that eventually we shall have One of the first things to attract his group graded lessons extending horticultural eye was the apple or- throughout the Islands." chards in northern Korea. Twentyfive years ago Dr. Swallen began to Two Missionary Heroines plant apple trees in Pyengyang. Soon the bare hills of the mission compound K USIAE has been for more than became a garden in early spring, and seventy years a famous name in a still more beauteous sight in the records of the efforts made by the autumn. The Koreans were not long American Board to win the South in following our example, especially Sea Islands for Christ. The Misses the church officers. Now scattered Baldwin remain in charge, under the over the province are hundreds of "Woman's Board, though it has been orchards giving much promise for the ,Japanese territory since the war. future. But within late years a dis- They run a boarding school of sixtyease similar to black-rot has threat- five boys and girls, the highest school ened to wipe out these orchards. Mr. in Micronesia, a little coral stone Lutz has given much time to the church, and several chapels. Three study of this disease which be believes quarters of the Kusaiens are Chriscan be controlled. By request he went tians. These two educated, cultured to the country in February and gave womt'n have worked there fourteen practical instruction for four days on years since their last furlough. One the care of trees, and other subjects, sister built the cement reservoir and to fifty farmers. This extension work, a typhoon house for the protection of so valued by the Christian farmers, the school. They have translated and bids fair to become the most pressing printed Scriptures, hymns, and school and possibly the most important part books with type enough to print only of Mr. Lutz's work. one page at a time. They have never taken a dollar of salary, and have ISLANDS OF THE SEA even paid many of the expenses of the work themselves. Their spirit in Filipino Graded S. S. Lessons their work is shown in the following quotation: F OR the first time in the history of Sunday-school work in the Philip- W'hoever comes here must not be simply pine Islands, group g;raded lessons a teacher. They must be those who love have been printed in the Tagalog Christ and their work for Him so much tha.t dialect. Rev. A. L. Ryan, representa- they are not oppressed by the isolation. We tive of the World's Sunday School never think of it for we love the people Association and also General Secre- and have so many things that we have to tary of the Philippine Islands Sun- do that there is no time left to be lonely. day School Union, in sending to headquarters copies of the lessons for Hawaiian Prohibition Debate the first six months of 1925, wrote: "This is a small beginning, but we EIGHT students, representing hope that it is an omen of better and eight races in Hawaii, recently larger things to follow. The special competed in an oratorical contest on children's lessons on the group the subject of Prohibition, which atgraded plan are already meeting with tracted wide attention and interest. a very favorable response from both The first prize, $100, was won by missionaries and Filipino workers. Francis Sato, a Japanese, whose sub- These two J oumals in Tagalog and ject was, "Why the Prohibition Law Ilocano are used in the Methodist, Will Stand." To Kim Fau Chong, a Presbyterian and United Brethren Chinese, was awarded the second prize of $50 given by the W. C. T. U. for an oration entitled "World-Wide

Prohibition. " The third prize was prevented as .far as possible, that comwon by Dorothy Anderson, who spoke bined action of the states should dis- on "Prohibition's Challenge to Amer- courage hasty marriages across the icans. " It consisted of $25 given by state border, that the fee system of the service men through the army and marriage licenses should be abolished navy Y. M. C. A. The contest re- and licenses issued by salaried officeived wide publicity in the news- cials, that better requirements should papers, and the Star-Bulletin com- be made in proof of age and greater mented : "As always, this contest care exercised in the scrutiny of affivividly illustrates the poly-racial citi- davits, and-a very important prozenship of Hawaii and the brightest vision-that there should be a promise o·f Hawaii's youth. Looking harmonizing of the different state at the names of the speakers one sees laws in which a minimum age is rerepresentatives of Anglo-Saxon, Por- quired. "The minimum marriageable tuguese, Hawaiian, Japanese and age, " says the report, "should not be Chinese blood. All of them are stu- lower than the minimum working age, dents at territorial high schools or and the compulsory school attendance academies. One question asked by age should fit into both these others. " almost every tourist is, 'Do you think that the young Orientals here can be Interdenominational Conference made into good American citizens ~' The answer ,is clear to anyone who at- THE third annual conference of the tended the oratorical contest." Interdenominational Foreign Mis- sion Association of North America is NORTH AMERICA to be held from ,Jnly 215th to August 10th, inclusive, at Stony Brook, Long C.hild Marriages in ADlerica Island, New York. Further informa- tion may be had from Rev. Joseph B. T HAT there are now in the United Davis, 113 Fulton Street, New York. States close to 700,000 persons who This Association, of which Dr. Henry were married when they were under W. Frost is president, includes foursixteen years of age or were married teen independent, evangelical misto children under sixteen, is the ap- sions, working in Africa, South palling fact brought out by recent in- America, Central America, China, vestigations made under the direction India and Ceylon, and Japan. Their of the Russell Sage Foundation. The total annual incomes were approxi- Foundation has just completed a mately $1,500,000 last year. They study of the whole problem of child support over 1,700 missionaries who marriages which extended into 90 are working among about 43,000,000 cities and towns, and reports are now non-Christians. In a large number being issued which discuss the details of these fields, pioneer work is carried of the problem and present construc- on among peoples unreached by other tive proposals for remedying the evangelical agencies. situation. According to these reports the worst conditions exist in small Student Y. M. C. A. Declaration towns and ;rural districts. THE following statement of the First among the remedies proposed purpose of the Student Associaby the Foundation's report are the tions, which was adopted at the Inpassing and enforcement of a mini- ternational Convention of 1922, is the mum marriageable age law. The re- basis on which over 700 StUdent Asport says that this should not be less sociations are carrying on their work. than sixteen, whereas in many states Membership in a College Association it is still at twelve. Other proposals shall be limited to those who declare are that five days' notice should be themselves to be in sympathy with .required of intention to marry-a re- this statement of purpose, and willing quirement now made in eight states~ to make it their personal program of that the exploitation and commercial- allegiance and service. ization of marriages should be

1925J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

1. To lead students to faith in God Interracial Student Groups A through Jesus Christ. 2. To lead them into membership and N INTERESTING feature of the service in the Christian Church. Interracial Movement in the 3. To promote their growth in Christian South has been the organization of Faith and Cha.raeter, especially through the interracial student gcroups in a num- study of the Bible and Prayer. ber of college centecrs, by which white 4.T'o influence them to devote themselves and colored students are brought toin united effort with all Christians to mak- gether at regular intervals for the ing the will of Christ efl'eetive in human exchange of views and the promotion society, and to extending the Kingdom of of understanding. The results have God throughout the world.

been gratifying in every case. Mis- ANAn Information Service apprehensions have been cleared up, INFORMATION service for knowledge has taken the place of foreigners has been established at rumor and preconception, and con- 119 West Forty-first Street, New fidence and goodwill have supplanted York, to! "interpret America to the suspicion and prejudice. The followimmigrant to America." This serv- ing story shows how the plan works: ice cooperates with clubs, libraries, At an early meeting this year of the sO<Jial settlements, churches, societies Atlanta group, made up of students and other agencies by supplying them f.rom three white and three colored (at ten dollars a year) with bulletins colleges, the question of higher eduon la,ws affecting aliens, American cation for Negroes was raised. One customs and with other helpful in- white student very frankly said that formation. A monthly "Interpreter" he did not believe in it; he thought is also published, containing articles it unnecessary and undesirable. He and stories relating to the foreign- was asked to bring in at the succeedborn and an "Editorial Digest" of ing meeting a paper in support of his articles from the foreign language view, while a colored student was press in America. Among the bul- asked to prepare a pap& on the other letins published are those dealing side. With much interest the group with immigration bills, the quotas, looked forward to the expected denaturalization, .requirements for im- bate. At the next meeting of the commigrants, schools for immigrant stu- mittee, the white student was called dents, Easter, Thanksgiving and upon for his paper. He replied, "I Christmas customs, etc. These papers haven't any. When I began to look are a great help in promoting into the subject, I found I was Wholly friendly understanding between mistaken. My views are completely Americans and their foreign-born changed."

brothers and sisters.

Jewish-ChristiaD Communion T C New York Lutheran Unity HRISTIANS of all denominations HE New York ministerium, the were invited by the Hebrew New York synod, and the evan- Christian Alliance of Chicago to en- gelical synod of New York and New joy a unique communion service in England, the three bodies in which the Auditorium of the Moody Bible the various Lutheran churches of the Jnstitute on "Holy Thursday," April state of New York are' gathered, 9, 1925, at 7: 45 P. M. Rev. Solomon have agreed upon a tentative consti- Birnbaum, president of the Chicago tion for a merger. The constitution branch of the Hebrew Christian Alliis to be sent to the pastors of the 365 ance and director of the Jewish Mis- Lutheran churches that are members sions course at the Moody Bible of the three present bodies. After a Institute was to preside, and ad- period of study it will be voted on. dresses were to be delivered by Rev.

If adopted, the merger will be com- Max L Reich, the Alliance president, pleted. and Rev. James M. Gray, D.D., presi-

dent of the Institute. The Institute ing it. According to Rev. W. A. choir furnished special music and Squires, director of ,""1eek-day Re- Hebrew and Gentile Christians to- ligious Instruction of the Presbygether surrounded a communion terian Board of Christian Education, table. from 85 to 100 per cent of public school pupils are enrolled in week-day Buddhists in Salt Lake City religious schools when permission is given to have them during public F rYE thousand Japanese in the school hours. If the religious schools intermountain dist,rict of Idaho, must be held after the other school Wyoming, Nevada and Utah, find has been dismissed, the attendance is their rallying place in Salt Lake much smaller. Catholics, Jews and City. This, the center of Mormon Protestants in most communities unite domination, is also the home of a mag- in giving this extra religious instrucnificent Buddhist temple, and is the tion. center for Buddhist activity for the four states. Rev. K. Tajima, Presby- Training Indian Leaders terian missionary, traveled a total of 1,500 miles last year by automobile, THE Tucson I n d ian Training train, horseback and by foot. In a School, conducted by the Presbyvillage 10,000 feet above sea level in terian Board of National Missions at an isolated district he found a Sun- Escuela, Arizona, has an enrollment day-school .pupil who sang lustily, this year of eighty-four girls and "Oh, how I love Buddha, 011, how I seventy-eight boys. "Our normal love Buddha, because he first loved capacity," writes :Mr. Walker, "is me." A Japanese Buddhist said, seventy-five boys and seventy-five "The children of the intermountain girls. So we are overcrowded. But states will be Christians if the Chris- it is hard to turn boys and girls away tian Church wants them." Even when they come begging to be re- Buddhist parents want their children ceived, and their rejection means that in Christian Sunday-schools.-The they are denied all opportunity for Continent. self-improvement. One feels Eke an executioner when he turns down such Week.Day Religions Education pleas, but· this has been necessary in more than a score of cases this year. " E FFORTS are being made in seven He continues: "The impact which states by all denominations to this school has made upon these Inmake it possible for public school au- dians was gloriously demonstrated in thorities to dismiss classes so that a four-day camp meeting which I atpupils whose parents wish it may re- tended. I have never heard such good ceive religious instruction in the singing, such prompt and numerous church of their choice during school responses in testimonies of Christian hours. This plan of week-day church experience . . . . .. The mental capacschools is in operation in twenty-three ity of the Indians there ,vas. best states on public school time. In cer- shown by the Indian interpreters. tain other states, however, legal au- They would listen to a sermon given thorities have declared that school in English and after a thirty-minute boards and officials do not have au- sermon had been finished they would thority to dismiss pupils for such in- give it in Indian hardly omitting a struction. Bills therefore have been single detail." presented in the legislatures of Pennsylvania, California, Washington, Chinese Lose Faith Here Idaho, North Dakota, Indiana and Oklahoma, seeking to remedy this THE importance of winning for situation and to permit such use of Christ the Ori,mtal students who public school time if the denomina- are in this country has peen emphations in the communities unite in ask- sized recently in the REVIEW. A new

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

view of the question, to the effect that tricts almost untouched by Spanish Chinese Christian students lose their civilization or the Roman Catholic faith while in the United States, is religion. In one section he counted given in a widely quoted dispatch to tribes speaking five distinct dialects the Boston Transcript from a corres- and fe,w of these people could under- pondent in Peking, China. He quotes stand Spanish. In another dist,rict Y. M. C. A. secretaries and church were a good many villages, inhabited workers in that capital as so discour- solely by the descendants of African aged on account of the effect of Amer- slaves, and most of these were "as ican church life on Chinese studying black as any Negroes who ever picked in this country that "they are con- cotton on a Southern plantation."

sidering the desirability of working at home rather than abroad during Work for Mexican Cavelllen R the years immediately ahead." It is EV. E. B. VARGAS, presiding elder of the Chihuahua District, reported as the consensus of opinion among missionaries in Peking "that Mexico, under the M. E. Church far more students go to the United South, writes: "For some time the States as Christians and return non- District of Chihuahua has been feel- Christians than leave China non- ing keenly the need of opening work Christian and return Christian." A among the Indians. They number graduate of Hartford Theological something like from thirty to forty Seminary, Mr. C. S. Chang, at pres- thousand and live just like the wild ent working in Peking, is quoted as men of centuries ago. Due to the saying that it would be difficult for shortage of money in the Mission him to name ten young returned stu- Board, we were not able to start the dents in the Peking district who are work last yeacr after the Conference taking active part in Chinese Chris- adjourned at Saltillo, as it was neces- tian enterprises. sary to employ two workers instead of one. But we knew that the Lord was LATIN AMERICA able to help, and so we prayed ear- Touring in Southern Mexico nestly that he would open the way, and during our district conference in A T THE annual meeting of the Chihuahua, we met to pray over the Mexico Mission of the Southern matter, and the workers determined Presbyterian Church, Rev. Mr. Wil- to open the field of their own account. liamson told of riding many days on 'Ve immediately secured a Mexican horseback through his territory, a Christian lady to start a small school large part of the state of Guerrero. in the mountains and to visit the caves On one trip with an agent of the where the Indians live, as preliminary American Bible Society, the supply of work which will be carried on until Bibles, tracts and Scriptucre portions we are able to intensify this mission. was exhausted long before they ary activity." reached all of the villages they had planned to visit. Nearly everywhere Brazilian Sunday-Schools they were warmly received. In many places seed sown many years ago was I N Brazil, the Sunday-school is for bearing fruit, though in some in- the whole Church, men, women, stances sadly in need of watering. young people and children, and it is One congregatioIli had not been vis- more and more coming to be consid- ited in more than twenty years. At ered as the Church engaged in the another place a man eagerly procured study of God 's Word. It is also being a copy of the New Testament and increasingly looked upon as the said, "This is the book my father told Church's greatest agency for evan- me about and wanted for many years, gelizing the whole country. Herbert but died without being able to find." S. Harris of the World's Sunday Mr. Williamson passed through dis- S~hool Association recently said: "I

attended in Sao Paulo, the inaugura- shown by certain Indian tribes, goes tion of the ninth branch Sunday- on to describe this strange state of school opened by one of the leading affairs: "In other parts of Central city churches. In a small town in the America there are other Indian state of Minis Geraes, country-seat of tribes, less hostile perhaps, but a large district, the only church exist- equally pagan in their belief and outing there has a definite policy of evan- look. Even among the 'Christian' gelizing the entire district through the Indians the greatest confusion pre- Sunday-school. It has eight branch vails. Th'e worship of the sun goes schools scattered over leagues of ter- hand in hand with an external obritory, to which the young men helpers servance of Roman Catholic cerego out on Sund~y mornings, usually monies. A traveler actually saw, in on horseback, each one riding from a Guatemala town, an impromptu one to several hours a Sunday to care altar erected on the very steps of the for this important work. We are Roman Catholic church, where a seeking to feature and promote this pagan Indian priest was burning intype of work wherever possible, but cense to the sun. The worshipers find in Brazil as everywhere, that the went on into the church when their great need is the preparation of more sun-worship was over and paid their and better trained teachers." homage to the saints within."

The Bible in. Costa Rica EUROPE M RS. H. S. STRACHAN writes Spanish Protestants Unite from San Jose, Costa Rica: "The students in their vacation evan- AN INTERNA.TIONAlj Spanish gelistic work have been richly blessed Evangelization committee has of God. In one place where two of been formed in London, consisting of them were selling Bibles and talking representatives of the seventeen Protto a group of people the prlf'st came estant missions now carrying on work along and entered into an aqul1l.?nt in Spain. These missions are prowith them. They were able to allSWi'1' jected from England, Scotland, Irehim so wisely, ,refuting his arguments land, France, Hollaud, Germany, from the Word, that he finally re- Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Switzermembered he had an engagement, and land and the United States. Through left rather hurriedly. The feeling of the new committee they hope to cothose present was all in favor of ibe operate in support of the Federation two evangelicos with their books, but of Evangelical Churches in Spain. the immediate outcome was that a "In a country where evangelical teacher who heard the discussion rode work is so small," says the Christian after the boys to get a Bible f.rom Cenhtry, "every m 0 v e, however them and got the only one they had slight, toward an amalgamation of the left. She is now in San Jose and pro- Protestant forces must be hailed with fesses to be deeply interested in read- delight. It is said that churches of ing the Bible. She is one of a group Presbyterian, Wesleyan, Anglican, of rather remarkable women who are Lutheran and American Methodist the intellectual leaders here in the antecedents are included in the new capital. God has given us many links body." with others of that group and we have always felt it was for a special pur- The McAll Mission at Nice pose. " THIS long-established evangelical Worship Both Sun and Saints agency in France is represented at Nice by Pasteur Malan, who writes: ALATIN – AMERICAN Christian, "We have had many encouragements writiug in the Life of Faith of in all branches of the work; a second the hostility to missionary effort meeting on Sunday evening has been begun. Our audiences are very cos-

NEWS FROM M-","NY LANDS

mop?litan, including French, Italians, land help in the undertaking with faithful prayer. " Brltlsh, Dutch, Danes, Norwegians, Poland's Y. M. C. A. Swedes, Poles and Russians. Many THE formal transfer of the Y. M. are only on the wing, but we trust C. A. in Poland from American to that not a few take away with them Polish administration, which took place rceently in the Warsaw Y. M. precious seeds of truth that will C. A. building, was the occasion for a memorable ceremony, attended by the mature even to eternal life. Whether President of Poland and many other of its notable citizens. Paul Super, in the meetings for mothers and girls, National Secretary for Poland, says: "After the Great War the American the schools, the evening Bible classes Y. M. C. A. conducted work for the Polish Army at nearly a hundred or general meetings, always one feels points, employing in this work fifty- two American secretaries and expendthe same spirit of brotherhood. I do ing $1,700,000. All this war work has, of course, been diflcontinued and not know Choonwfeirtenisceelissewthheere~rdbeurt at the enterprise now is on a civilian Nice the of basis officered and directed by Poles. The name of the Association in Poland the day, everywhere and among all is, in common parlance, 'Polska Y. M. C. A.' and more formally 'Zwiaclasses, among working men and zek Mlodziezy Chrzescijanskiej.' It begins its new status with some 7,500 idlers. Here, the cooperation of the members in Heventeen cities and many thousands of friends in government, pastors of Nice is assured to us; in university, civil and military circles. Seven American secretaries remain in the hall of La Missionaire Populaire Poland as technical advisors and in- structors in the work of the Associathey all meet fraternally, which is a tion, loaned as an expression of the cooperation of the American Y. M. good thing in itself and which pro- C. A. with the Polish movement."

cures for us a splendid variety of Czech Clerical COlnpromise speakers. " , SOME of the religious and political problems with which Czecho- Swedish Royal Proclamation Slovakia is struggling were described in the March REVIEW. The situation F OR the first time since the kings was considerably complicated by a of Sweden began to issue their an- recent "pastoral letter" issued by nual thanksgiving messages, three Slovak bishops. This forbade Roman hundred and eighty-one years ago, Catholics from joining Socialist and the proclamation of King Gustaf is other clubs, which were called" antibeing widely circulated throughout religious." Inasmuch as the Socialists the entire civilized world. The cause comprise the largest political party in is that this year the royal message is the country, bnt have admitted cle,ridevoted to the Universal Christian cals into the present coalition govern- Conference on Life and Work in ment, it looked for a time as though Stockholm next August. The history the action of the bishops would force of this annual message dates back to the end of the coalition, and a strug- 1544, 'when the King of Sweden is- gle for control of the government on s~ed, for the first time, a proclama- a straight clericalism issue. The clertlOn to the nation fixing special ~undays for thanksgiving and pen- Itence. The enUre document is read on New Year's day from all pulpits of the Kingdom. This year's proclamation, after naming four Sundays for special observance, continues: "With the object that the Spirit of Christ should reIgn more fully in the hearts of men and ~n the lives of peoples, chosen representahves from the greater part of Christendom will gather in Stockholm after profound preparations during several'years, for the Universal Christian Conference on Life and Work, in August, 1925 if so be God '8 will. The Lord make His face shine upon the meeting so that the way may be dIscerned and the will strengthened with one accord to walk in the way of love. May the Church and congregation of Christ in onr

icals, to restore peace, now agree to a South African Campaign lessening of the number of Roman EARLY in February there began Catholic holidays and admit the right in Bloemfontein a united misof the Government to prosecute such sionary campaign for South Africa. priests as may attempt to, enfGrce the The itinerary as arranged was to bishops' pastoral. The Government, carry the campaign into most o,f the on the other hand, agrees not to, prGse- larger towns in the four provinces of cute the bishops for having published the union, during the months of Febthe letter, since those ecclesiastics ruary, March, April, May and June. make public a statement that they In July it will pass into, Rhodesia. had no, disloyal intentions in so, dGing. "If this tremendous opportunity be taken advantage of to the full," says AFRICA the South African Outlook, "these Bureau of African Languages six months may co,me to be looked back upo,n as the beginning of a new AT THE January meeting of the era in our land." All the principal International Missionary Coun- churches are taking part in the cam· cil, J. H. Oldham presented a minute paign, which announces as i~s twofold adopted December 5, 1924, by the aim: "First, that every Christian in Standing Committee of the Confer- South Africa should have a new ence of Missionarv Societies in Great vision of his 0,1' her vocation which is Britain and Ireland, transmitting to surely first and foremost to be a witthe Council the following resolution ness by life and work and word to the adopted by a meeting of representa- Lord Jesus Christ, and second that tives o,f so,cieties working in Africa each may receive a renewed will, and which had been held in London tlJ indnement of the Spirit, to fulfill this consider the possibility of forming splendid obligation and trust." a Bureau o,f Airican Languages and Literature in London. The leaders of the campaign are stressing the Christian aspects of the This meeting is of opinion that the prob- ;race problem. They say: lems arising from the multiplicity of Af· rican Languages demand the attention of There is need that this Obligation be the Missionary Societies working there. brought home to all of us in a new way- We desire, in view of the many interests to our young children in their attitude involved in the situation to suggest con- towards their native nurses, to our school sideration of the formation of an African boys and s,rhoo girls in their spirit and man- Language and Literature Bureau – effi- ner of speaking of, and to, the other raee, ciently staffed and with an office in London to mistresses towards their servants in the –in which. Governments, Missionary Soci- hon1e, to farm;ers, store keepers, merchants, eties, Scientific Societies, Literature Soci· manufactnrers, toward their native em· eties, Chambers of Commerce and others ployes. We cannot be loyal to Christ unless might cooperate. we accept, not the world's', nor the average We commend the matter to the attention South African's, but His, standard.

of the Societies and suggest that the secre- taries consult with the Mission Houses as to Luella Christians Bnild Church the possibility of financial support for sueh proposals. ANEW evangelistic administration building has been completed dur- And we request that this resolution be ing the past year by the So,uthern communicated to the officers of -the Inter· national Missiona,ry Council with a view to Presbyterian Mission at Luebo, in the raising the matter with the American and Continental Societies working in Africa. Belgian Congo. This contains offices fo,r business purposes, a room for the It was agreed to, receive this resolu- local session and an assembly ro,om tion with sympathy and interest and fo,r evangelistic meetings. A new to autho,rize the officers to explore the church building has also been erected, possibilities of organizing such a a handsome brick st,ructure, which bureau and to confer with the Mission the natives call a "temple." Mr.

B,oards co,ncerned and with other in- Crane says of this building, "the con- terested bodies. struction of Solomon's temple was at-

NEWS ]'HOM MANY LANDS

tended by scarcely less enthusiasm the white men, and when you do not than the construction of this building. listen to what we bring you from It seats about seven hundred people. Jesus Christ l' Thus he drove the The whole enterprise was initiated message home." and financed by the natives, not one cent of foreign money having been Fa.ith Cure in Madaga.scar given for its construction." The total THE National Geographic Society contributions of the LUE'bo Church has issued from its headquarters for the year was about 31,500 francs, in Washington a bulletin on the subequal to more than $3,000 of our ject of Madagascar, which it says, is money. In addition to this about ,; the scene of one of the most success- 1,000 francs has been subscribed for ful mIssIonary activities in the the erection of another church on the world." "There are about 3,500,000 station compound. Luebo station has inhabitants in Madagascar," says the suffered even more than the other sta- bulletin "and fully 500,000 – one tions from the exodus of laborers to seventh'of the entire population-are the railway labor camps and will suf- estimated to be at least nominal Chrisfer in the future from the large in-. tians. The remaining 3,000,000 crease in the wages that wm have to Malagasies constitute a rich field for be paid to native laborers on account further Christian work, for many of of this railroad competition. them are intelligent and nearly all are A Zulu Sermon peaceful. But among the less intelli- gent natives there is a vast amount of REV. F. B. BRIDGMAN, of the superstition and a complex welter of American Board, says that many pagan practices. Most of the pagans of his Zulu helpers are "born preach- among the Malagasies believe in a ers. " and tells the following incident Supreme Being, but with the adcli- to illustrate the statement: "One day tional idea. that His contact with the I went with an evangelist, Zakeu, to world is through the countless ances- conduct a service. There was a noisy tors of the race. SOUle tribes have war dance going on near by, and it adopted fatalism from Arab sources.

was' up to' Zakeu to catch the atten- Some pray to the sun and moon and tion of the crowd. How would you stars. One pagan sect abominates preach the Gospel under such circum- medicine and witch doctors. Its fol- stances 7 Zakeu said: 'Men, I as I lowers believe that disease springs came in yonder gate I saw a baboon, from seeds sowed like tares in a field a pet belonging to the compound man- by devils, and that faith alone will ager. I walked up and said, "Good cure. Another interesting ten e t morning, Mr. Baboon." The baboon among these people is that those who sat up and appeared to say, "Good do not pray and work will suffer morning, sir." I threw a stone, and famine; and as a result the followers the baboon threw a stone. I walked of the sect are among the best workers hack and forth, and the baboon walked and constitute one of the most pros- back and forth. I made a grimace, perous groups of the islanders."

and the baboon made a grimace. I scratched my head, and the baboon Nationa.lism in Mosle:m Pa.rley I scratched his head. Then I said, T IS announced from Cairo that the All-Islam conference which "Mr. Baboon, you are a man! You can do anything I can do! " You are was to bave been held in that city in angry when the white men call you April to settle the question of the baboons; and yet are you not living Caliphate has been postponed for the life of baboons when you are not twelve months. The postponement is recognizing what God has put in you regarded as equivalent to abandon- that is divine, and when you do not ment of the project. Even Egyptian take what God has sent you through politicians are now busy showing how

indifferent they are to the proposed process of enlargement and adaptameeting, although it was called, with tion ; the beginnings of a microbiothe probable idea of settling King logical and bio-chemical laboratory Fuad in the vacant office. The whole and some lecture rooms. The teachsituation serves to, show that the pre- ing activity at present is confined to vailing spirit of nationalism is being three professors, lecturing six hours felt as much within Islam as in other a week. Lectures are given free in parts of the world, and that the bonds the late afternoon, and the students, of that faith are not strong enough to about 100, are drawn in the main bring men together in the face of from the school teacher class. The their nationalistic suspicions of one subjects taught are Palestinian Toanother.-The Christian Century. pography; an introduction to the Talmud, and Biblical versions and THE NEAR EAST elementary Greek."

Artnenian Prays for Turks Bahai Preacher Baptized WHILE Rev. W. P. Hancock was BISHOP LINTON, of Persia, in Basrah, en route to his station writes that when he was preachat Hamadan, he saw two Turks bap- ing in Yezd at Whitsuntide, a Bahai tized, and ,received out of Islam into preacher who was present was much the Christian Church on confession of impressed, and went home and read their faith. The most impressive part the gospels. "One day," says the of the service was when Dr. Van Ess Bishop, "as he was reading Luke 9: invited an old Armenian convert of (iI, the words, 'Ilord, I will follow the mission to corne up and offer Thee, but first let me say farewell,' prayer for the two kneeling Turks. got right home to him. He decided The Armenian then walked to the to come to see me, but I was at back of the church and led a group Isfahan, 205 miles away. He set out who knew Turkish in singing, "0 on a bicycle, without saying farewell happy day that fixed my choice on to his wife, because of our Lord's thee, my Saviour and my God." words. He had a puncture after go- ing twenty miles and had no repair Hebrew University in Jerusaletn outfit with him, so he walked fifty miles more. At last he had to return, THE Institute of Jewish Studies of partly because his feet were swollen the Hebrew University was opened and partly because the guards turned in Jerusalem in January. The prin- him back. So he came back to Yezd. cipal address was made by Dr. J. L. At Yezd he got the repair outfit and Magnes, formerly rabbi and head of started once more. He did not say the Jewish community in New York farewell to his wife, but he made ar- City, but now administrative head of rangement with C. M. S. Mission to the Institute. The university itself support his wife during his absence. was formally inaugurated at a cere- Then he cycled seventy miles, but mony conducted on April 1st by Lord again he had a bad puncture. At last Balfour, in the presence of many dis- he got a seat in the post wagon to tinguished representatives of Euro- Isfahan. There he received instrucpean and American universities. The tion from me and was baptized in the New York Tt·mes spoke of this in- presence of several Moslems. He is au!!,uration as being "important now in Yezd in his old school and mainly as an appeal to the Jewish boldly witnessing for Christ." world to help this meagre beginning to develop into something more im- GENERAL posing . . . All that the Hebrew University now has to show is a site World Christian Endeavor on Mount Scopus, the northern extension of the Mount of Olives, with I N CONNECTION with the fortysome buildings-formerly a private fourth anniversary of its foundhouse built by Sir 'John Grayhill-in ing, the World's Christian Endeavor

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Union reports the following figures, Dr. Frederick Lynch, chairman of which are quoted in the Christian the Committee on Ecumenical Con- CentttrY: "Great Britain, with 4,506 ference of the Federal Council of societies and more than 150,000 mem- Churches of Christ in America, anbers ranks next to the United States nounces: "The Protestant commuin Christian Endeavor statistics. nions in all countries have officially Third in the number of societies is appointed their delegates and the five Australia, where everyone of the six hundred are making their plans to go. states is well organized, and where '1'he enthusiasm in Great Britain is as mammoth conventions indicate the great as in America, while the great deep interest in the movement. Soci- Lutheran bodies of Scandinavia are eties in New Zealand and Tasmania making preparations on a lavish scale are united with Australia in the to entertain the whole conference." Australasian union. Germany follows Australia with 1,453 societies, an Achievement. of Protestantis:m increase of 142 over last year. The German union employs five field I Na recent address by the President secretaries and seven provincial secre- of the Protestant Federation of taries. There are some 2,000 Chris- Victoria, Australia, he stated the foltian Endeavor societies in China, lowing points gained by Protestantism about 1,200 in India, and hundreds of as against the declared policy of the others in Japan and Korea. Some of Papacy: the largest societies in the world are reported from central Africa, while 1. No nation today would enforce the, in· the Boers have a strong union in quisition policy of torture and burning. South Africa, and the English-speaking union in the same region is very 2. No nation would recognize the Pope's vigorous. ' , right to dethrone its rulers.

World Conference in Stockholm 3. In no country would the Pope dare to release people from allegiance to their THE first announcement in the rulers. REVIEW of the Universal Christian Conference on Life and Work, to be 4. No nation a.ccepts Pope Leo, XIII's held in Stockholm August 9-30, 1925, dodrine that it i, a crime to grant equal was made in the August, 1924, issue. rights to all religions. The first plan for this great gathering dates back to 1920. The interna- 5. No country would send an army to tional committee which has arranged maintain t,he Pope's temporal power, as the program decided in 1922 that it France and Austria did in the past. should include the following groups of subjects: 6. No Pope tol1ay would dare to lay an interdict upon a conntry for the supposed (1) The Church's Obligation in View of offences of its rulers as they did in other God's Purpose for the World. days.

(2) The Church and Economic aJld In- "While these statements are true," dustrial Problems. the speaker said, "it is also true that Rome is not working today with six- (3) The Church and Sodal and Moral teenth-century methods. Her aims Problems. are the same today as in that gloomy age, but her methods of achieving (4) 'l'he Chmch and International Re- them are strictly up-to-date. Many lations. thought Rome would lose out when the Great War was flnished because of (5) The Church .and Christian Educa- her pro-German attitude; but the real tion. facts go to prove that she is in a stronger position in Europe today (6) Methods of Cooperative and Federa- than she was before the war. She is tive Efforts by the Christian Communions. losing extensively in some quarters, but gaining tremendously in others. These reports have already been The influence of the Vatican in the prepared, each being the work of a world of politics was never great~r commission of experts and thoroughly than it is today, even though France revised by an editorial committee. is talking of withdrawing its repre- sentative at the Vatican."

NOTE,-Any books mentioned in these columns will be sent on receipt of price.-THE

Fifty Years in Foreign Fields, China, the receipts were $207,075 and the Japan, India, Arabia. Mrs. W. 1. Cham· berlain. Illustrated, maps, xv, 292 pp. missionaries numbered sixty. $2.00. ""ew York. 192,5. One of the best features of the The gifted wife of the Sec,retary of the l<'oreign Mission Board of the Re- volume must have caused the author formed Church in America has done a difficult piece of work in a very much thought-it consists of the sumcreditable manner. She has given her Church and the general reading pub- maries which follow the detailed lic this concise and interesting record of the personnel and achievements of statements of each decade of achievefifty years (1875 to 1925) of varied service in foreign mission fields, ren- ment. There are a large number of dered by the women of her Church. Many writers would either have half-tone pictures of important buildpenned a stupid chronicle of fifty yea,rs, or would have selected a few ings and scores of portraits of promibright stars in their missionary galaxy, a few pieces of exceptionally in- nent missionaries-incidentally these teresting work, a dozen of their most successful stations, which would have latter reveal the changes in woman's given a wrong impression. Each task has its shadows, as well as its bursts fashions by decades. Full as the of light and glory. Mrs. Chamber- volume is of information, we wish that Mrs. Chamberlain had given some summary of special missionary families, tha.t have given many of their members to the mission field.

The history is a semi-de luxe volume, evidencing faithful research and a happy emergence from the dust of archives to a living setting of jewels of that small but remarkably mission- ary church. H. P. B.

lain has given us a fairly complete Catholic Medical Missions. Edited and record of the years preceding their compiled bcy Floyd Keeler. Illustrated. Jubilee, with de t a i I s enough to 222 pp. $2.50. New York. 1925.

awaken real interest. We do not re- This brief survey of Roman Cathocall any history of the missions of lie and Protestant Medical Missions any church in which this method has is issued to educate American Cathobeen more successfully followed. lies who practically began their inde- The story is an important one. It pendent work for foreign mission begins with the clarion call of the lands five years ago. Though during China pioneer, David Abeel, fostered half a decade their "general mission by Mrs. T. C. Doremus. The founda- idea here in the United States has tions were laid on which anticipatory g,rown and spread one thousand per societies and auxiliaries did their cent," and while a goodly number of faithful work for half a century be- evangelistic and educational workers fore the Society was formally organ- are already on the field, medical misized. The formal history from this sions are taking their first steps in the point is treated by decades and Mis- pathway of rapid extension. The sions, so one may easily find what one Catholic medical missions treated is seeking in a given field or period. here are mainly an a.ccount of what The beginnings were small, with less the older European missions have than $2,900 received in 1875 and only done in Eastern Asia, India and six missionaries sent out, but succeed- Africa. But the volume is forward ing decades advanced until in 1924 looking and makes definite requests 414

THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

for aid in "proposed institutions," bravery accepted by the knights of sixteen of them in the India chapter, the Middle Ages. It is refreshing to read such a tale of virile Christianity for instance. as an antidote to the trashy and low standard popular fiction of the pres- This volume is in substance a re- ent day.

port of progress of investigations Religion in Russia Under the Soviets. BishOp Richard J. Cooke. 12 mo. 311 pp. made afield by Monsignor Joseph J. $2.00. New York.

McGlinchey, D.D., and three other Bishop Cooke of the Methodist Episcopal Church is more temperate Fathers, to the Medical Mission in his characterizations of Soviet anti- religious activities than is Captain Board of the Catholic Hospital ~t.sso­ McCullaugh in his volume on the "Bolshevist Persecution of Chrisciation of the United States and Can- tianity. " The Methodist Bishop de- scribes briefly, but clearly, the prinada which began to be effective in cip~l events in the Russian Orthodox Church from 1917 to 1924. After 1922-23. The chapter on" Non-Cath- presenting the historic background of the present struggle, he tells of the olic Medical Missions" shows how J30lshevist attacks on the Church, the Reign of Terror, the effort to establish strong an argument is derived from a Soviet church and the anti-religious laws and propaganda of the Com- Protestant Missions. Pages 46-55 munist Party. Bishop Cooke believes that Russia will live to be a powerful present an argument familiar to state; that the Orthodox Church will survive and be purified and that if Protestants but new to Romanists. the Soviet Government is to survive it must change radically, so as to be- Since the Church forbids those in come more enlightened and less radical. Holy Orders to practioo medicine or Stewardship for All of Life. Luther E. surgery, except under rigid restric- Lovejoy. 12 mo. 144 pp. 75 cents. New York. 1924. tions, and whe,re justified by extraor- We hold in trust, not only money dinary conditions, it is not surprising and talents, but life itself. There- fore, Dr. Lovejoy rightly urges the to read that hundreds of Roman devotion of the physical and mental life, social instincts, business abilities Catholic missionaries would be alive and all resources to the service of God. This is a comprehensive and today, if they could have had recourse practically helpful text-book in the Life and Service Series. to ordinary and efficient medical Japan from Within. J. Ingram Bryan, service. Incidentally, it is interesting M.A., M.Litt., Ph.D. 228 pp. New York. 1924. to no,te that the author is a convert This is a thoughtful inquiry into from the Protestant E pis cop a 1 the political, industrial, commercial, financial, agricultural, military and mCihsusirconh~rya,ndDrt.hMeiar rgleaaredti ng medical educational conditions of mode.rn Lamont, is Japan. The author has had excep- tional opportunities for acquiring a converted medical missionary with a quarter of a century's experience in Asia. H. P. B.

The Two of Us in Africa. Dide M. Ritten- house. 8 vo. 219 pp. $1.50. New York. 1925.

In fine spirit, though in some places with large demands on credulity, the author of this race-relations story tells how two little girls, black and white, came to understand one another in Africa. It is a pleasing story that children will enjoy and one from which they will learn that character counts more than color and training is more decisive than birth. In Christ all races are united.

God Wills It. William Stearns Davis. 8 vo. 552 pp. $1.50. New York.

'fhis republished story of the Crusades is full of romance and thrilling adventure in harmony with the ideals of Christian character, honor and first-hand information since he was viewpoint. He does not seem to have for sixteen years a professor in J apa- reached clear convictions on many nese colleges and universities. He important matters, for he makes no was correspondent for leading Lon- clear statement of belief and does not don and New York newspapers and give the foundations of faith as to the was decorated by the Emperor of deity of Christ, His atonement, resur- .Tapan with the Order of the Sacred rection, the authority of the Bible, Treasure in recognition of his serv- etc. These studies cannot be expected, ices to Japanese education. He is at therefore, to establish strong and present Cambridge University Exten- clear faith in the younger generation. sion Lecturer in Japanese history and civilization. He rightly stresses the Model of a West African Hut. Marjory urgent need of a better understand- Palmer. 2 shimngs. London. 1924. ing of the Japanese by the Englishspeaking peoples of the Vest, but he Realism marks this method of vigorously combats the common idea teaching missions to children. The that there is some mystery about the model supplies an excellent back- Japanese which makes it difficult if ground that will appeal to a child not impossible for other people8 to while the descriptive booklet gives the understand them. He declares that teacher and parent just the material needed to awaken interest.

"after sixteen years in Japan, study- Twin Travelognes, with Paper Doll Onting the people, their institutions and Onts (Chlna). Welthy Honsinger. New civilization, from every point of view York. 1924.

at close range, my only solution of These colored cardboard pictures, the mystery is to deny its existence. to cut out and play with, are very It is undoubtedly true that Japan is attractive for small children and may very much misunderstood; but the be used successfully, with the text, to teach useful missionary lessons. cause can be ascribed to nothing more mysterious than mere ignorance. If we take the same trouble to know all Documents on Christian Unity, 1920·4. about Japan that would be necessary Edited by G. K. A. Bell, Dean of Canterin the case of any other nation, Japan bury. 8vo. 382 PI'. $2.50. New York. is quite as easily undeirStood." 1924.

Americans need this kind of a pre- The Dean of Canterbury is a leader sentation, especially at a time when in the extensive preparations being the relations of the two nations have made for the coming World Conferbeen so gravely affected by the recent ence on Faith and Order. This book Immigration Act which Congress contains details of correspondence passed against the protest of the with the Vatican, Cardinal Mercier President, the Secretary of State, and of Belgium, the Patriarch of Constansensible men everywhere. A. J. B. tinople, the Swedish Bishops, and representatives of various church Christianity for Today. John Godfrey Hill. bodies in Great Britain, the United 12 mo. 139 PI'. 75 cents net. New States, Europe and Asia. As one York. 1925. reads some of these documents, the Today men are inquiring anew into complexity of the problem of Chris- the nature, requirements, foundations tian unity becomes more apparent.

and results of religion. Dr. Hill offers Clouds obscure the fair dream of this as a study-book for such individ- unity, but heavenly winds may il.'ise uals and classes, with chapters on Re- to blow these clouds away. The Chris.

ligion, The Christian Life, God, tian statesman studies such documents Jesus, Man, The Bible, The Church, as these with keen interest and cures The Kingdom and Eternal Life. Dr. his deepest doubt with the reflection Hill was educated in Boston Univer- that surely the Master's prayer, "that sity, Harvard and the University of they may be one," shall not fail of Chicago and represents a modernist eventual fulfillment. c. c. A..

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1924

'VOLUME XLVII NUMBER

THE MISSIONARY ~ – NOVEMBER, 1924 PROGRESS SINCE THE PANAMA CONGRESS SAMUEL GUY INMAN A MOSLEM VIEW OF CHRISTIANITY SAMUEL M. ZWEMER PAPAGO INDIANS—PEOPLE OF THE DESERT MRS. F. S. HERNDON ECUADOR–·A MISSIONARY CHALLENGE WEBSTER E. BROWNING HOW ONE MISSIONARY WORKS IN CHINA CHARLES ERNEST SCOIT INFLUENCE OF PEKING UNION MEDICAL COLLEGE JOHN H~ KORNS .

,2.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COpy MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY 3d and REILY STS., HA:RRISBURG~ PA. 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK

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Plans to visit India this summer, to return to America next autumn, and to visit South Africa in the next year.

YOU can go to these fields with him, by proxy, and can help give the Gospel to Moslems by sending your contribution to the work through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems cooperating with the Nile Mission Press and with International Committees on the field to give the Gospel Message through the printed page in Egypt Syria Russia China Morocco Palestine Persia Java Algiers Turkey India Sumatra Tunis Arabia Malaysia South Africa THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS William 1. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson, of New York, Vice Presidents Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D., Cairo, Honorary Field Secretary Dr. James L. Barton Dr. Frank Mason North Mrs. William Borden Miss Anpa A. Milligan Dr. William B. Anderson Mrs. D. 1.. Pierson Mr. Fennell P. Turner ::J'I Mrs. William Bancroft Hill Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Send your contributions to MRS. E. E. OLCOTT, Treasurer, 322 West 75th ,i Street, New York City. Apply for infonnation and literature to MRS. JAMES M. MONTGOMERY, .

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PERSONALS 11th. He was a theological tutor in Peking U.niversity/ an able and talented man, and REv. J·OHN H. RITSON, D.D., secretary of had been 111 China for forty-five years. He the British and For~ign Bible Society since became a great preacher in Chinese and eqnally useful tutor for Chinese preachers. 1899, has just completed a 40,000 mile trip He passed away at the a,ge of seventy-two in the British Empire, and during his ab- beloved by all who knew him. sence wa~ ehoBen President of th€, Wesleyan ** Methodist Conference for ]925. SADHU SUNDAR. SINGH found it necessary *** to abandon his trip to Tibet on accouut of ill-health_ His lungs were too weak to allow REv. A. G. J<'RASER, for many years Prin- of climbing the huge 'nountains on the border but he has now recovered his health cipal of Kandy College, Ceylon, has gone to and is devoting all his powers to India. the Gold Coast, Afriea, to assume charge of a new nniversity whieh is to be established REV. HARRY F_1RMER, D.D., for twelve there with liberal governmt.nt support. years a mis~ionary in the Philippines, and later one of the secretaries of the Board * of Foreign Missions of the M€thodist Epis- copal Church, has recently beeome associate- DR. TOM JAYS, formerly <1 missionary to secretary of the American Mission to Lepers, Afriea, and for some years a secretary of 156 Fifth Avenue, New Yl)rk City. the British Student Volunteer Missionary • Union, has been elected Prhcipal of Living- FRANK H. MANN, one of the General Seestone College. retaries of the American Bible Society, has rooently resigned after being connected with JACOB ;r- * Armenian who the Society sinee February 8, ]919. During Mr. Mann's administration the annual in- ARAKELIAN, an come of the Society has been steadily in- crell8ed, and very many new friends have reeenlly died in Boston, left in his will been added by his wi9dom, tact, and effec- tive service. $10,000 to each of three mission colleges in the Near East and to five educational institutions in the United States. Out of the residue of his estate a large' sum will ,go to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.

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EDITORIALS ………….. ~ . . . . . . . . .. 861 WHEN you are through what wid WHAT Is Y01.TR ANSWEE~ become of your funds? THE COMING ""ASHINGTON CONVENTION. REFORM AND REACTION IN CHILE. For SAFETY and a SURE LIFE THE W.tElABIS AND THE FALL OF MECCA. INCOME write for Booklet No.7.

PROGRESS SINCE THE PANAMA CON- eVen if not interested al the pre&enl lime. GRESS .•.•….•.. SAMUEL GUY INMAN 869 A revie'W of so'me' of the 'Important ad- We hope that now you can send a donation vances made in erotestant missionary co- to help give the Bible in 66 languages to the operation j,n Latin Am..erica 8ince the immign'nts, the sailors. the sick in hospitals. conference held in Pal"/L'Yna in 1916. the prisoners. and in raised type to the blind.

A MOSLEM VIEW OF CHRISTIANITY New Yo,/;: BiM. Hous.: the cenl,. 0/ a great wotk • ••••••••••.••••.• SAMUHL M. ZWEMER 877 G-Hmpses 01 the attitude of ,l:fonwm.meaans of FREE Bible distribution. toward Oh'rist and Ch,ristians as shown in 80rn.e Motdem periodicals published by Moslems.

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IN FRONT OF THE CATHEDRAL IN QUITO

MI-S-S]ONARY

EVIEW'

VOL. NOVEMBER, 1924 NUMBER XLVII ELEVEN WHAT IS YOUR ANSWER~~'

I SLEPT and behold I dreamed a dream and saw a vision. A Congress of the Universe was being held on a star so far away as to be scarcely visible from the earth through our most powerful telescopes. Other delegates were gigantic Martians, quaint little Moon-men, pompous representatives of other planets and strange looking figures from unknown worlds.

The assembly-which consisted of some thousands of delegates -IDet in the open air beneath a vast dome of over-arching forestry. The debates were conducted in a strange language generally understood by most of those present but of which I caught the meaning only of occasional words. The Earth and its affairs seemed insignificant from that remote standpoint, and yet I was conscious of the fact that it was receiving a good deal of attention from the assembly. Now and again they pointed to the distant speck that I knew to be our world and looked at me with curious and questioning gaze. I felt embarrassed and uncomfortable.

One evening when I was taking a solitary stroll, I came upon two of the delegates sitting on a quiet hillside talking the strange language that I could with some difficulty comprehend. They were looking toward the Earth and, from what I caught of the conversa- tion, were talking earnestly about it.

"Am I right," I asked, "in thinking that the Congress has been discussing the Earth and its affairs '/"

"You are quite right," replied one of the men; "your world is an inscrutable mystery to all of us."

"In what respect ~ " I inquired. "It is said," he explained, "that the Son of the Great God Himself eutered the life of your little im;ignificant planet as a human being." "That is true," I replied; and somehow that familiar fact seemed more amazing than it had ever before appeared.

'" Aaapted from an article by Rev. F. V. Borcham in UH' M'iss'ionaTY Herald of the Baptist Missionary Society. England.

861

"It is even said," continued my companion, "that there He did marvellous deeds of love, spoke wonderful words of truth, and that, in spite of all this, He was rejected, and laid down His life for the salvation of the men on your small planet."

"That is true," I replied. "I cannot explain it." "But that," replied the spokesman, "is not what seems most astonishing to us. It is said that, although the Son of the Great God died for the men of your planet nearly two thousand years ago and left as His parting command to His followers that they should tell all their fellowmen of His love and make known His way of life, with the promise of His power to help them-that nevertheless very few of your fellowmen on the Earth have as yet received His message. Is that really so?" I felt extremely uncomfortable and could only say: "But very many of them have been told about it I" "How many?" they asked. "Perhaps a third of mankind know something of His corning," I replied, "but they are not all His followers." "Pe:r:haps," interposed one of my companions, "this Earthdelegate will explain the situation to the Oongress tomorrow ~" Here I was confronted by the most appalling difficulty that I had ever known. A sacrifice of God Himself for men, a promise of His power and a command to His followers-and yet the commission not carried out in nearly 2,000 years! How could I explain, to the satisfaction of the Oongress, the situation that seemed so inexplicable to these representatives of other globes 1 I sat there, my face buried in my hands, battling my way through a surge of stormy thoughts. But the more I thought, the more impossible it seemed to offer an explanation.

*** With a shudder, I awoke and behold, it was a dream. But the question remains unanswered.

Reader, if you were asked to explain the situation to delegates from another planet, what would your answer be ~ THE OOMING WASHINGTON OONVENTION* N o more important subject could be the theme for a great rep- resentative convention at the nation's capital than that which will be discussed at the next Ohristian council in Washington this coming winter. Pan-American conferences have discussed political and commercial relations of the North, Oentral and Southern republics; medical conferences have considered the physical health of nations; educational conferences have studied the intellectual ideals and mental development of the people; the Disarmament • Information regarding the Convention may be secured from the secretaries of aenominational Foreign Mission Boards, or from L. B. Moss, Convention Registrar, 25 Madison Avenue, New York City.

EDITORIAl. COMMENTS

Conference discussed one way of promoting peace on earth, but the coming Washington Foreign Missions Convention (January 28th to February 2d) will consider the greatest of all topics-the relation of men to God and their response to the Gospel of Christ. This subject includes·not only the spiritual welfare of mankind and the problems and progress of Christian missions, but is vitally related to international peace and good will, to industrial and social better- ment, to physical, moral and intellectual advancement. It is all- inclusive and vet should be so defined as to be clear cut and decisive in its pronou"ncements and positive in its results. As a recent announcement reads, this convention is a gathering of "ambassadors who are accredited not by one nation to another, but by the Divine Saviour of the world to all mankind."

This Foreign Missions Convention is being promoted by Prot- estant leaders in the United States and Canada. They are deeply conscious of a world-wide need and an immense opportunity, and they have been profoundly convinced that the Gospel of .Christ, in its fullness and authority, should be preached t~ all men and ex- pressed everywhere in word and deed. These leaders will meet to review the whole world situation and will seek to discover how the present duty and opportunity of the Church at home may best be discharged toward our fellowmen in other lands.

It is twenty-five years since the epoch-making Ecumenical Conference was held in New York, and fifteen years since the similar gathering of the Protestant missionary leaders of the world met in Edinburgh. Since then, many momentous changes have taken place in political and religious circles at home and abroad. Not only has the great World War disrupted society and transformed the political face of the globe, but revolutions have taken place in Turkey, Germany, Russia, China and elsewhere. The industrial situation has greatly changed through the extension of socialistic ideas and the social and religious upheavals are indicated by the Gandhi movement in India and the abolition of the caliphate in Islam. These momentous changes have, in some cases, had a beneficial effect but in many instances deplorable results have followed. Christ's missionaries are everywhere seeking to promote the good and to correct the evil through the proclamation and practical manifestation of the love of Christ.

No group of men and women can speak with greater authority on these topics related to the moral and spiritual uplift of mankind than can the missionary leaders of the Protestant Church. Their first-hand contacts with human need all over the world and their sympathy with human difficulties and struggles make them as expert in presenting and solving these problems as are the political leaders who meet at Geneva in the League of Nations to solve international problems. Diplomacy deals with states and temporal affairs: Chris-

Han missions deal with human souls and with the Power that determines men's destinies for time and for eternity.

There are special reasons today for calling such a missionary convention at Washington. The world is full of n~w difficulties, of fresh needs and inviting opportunities: Formerly, the foreign missionary, like Livingstone or Paton, was almost wholly a pioneer, discovering new peoples, learning new languages, braving great physical perils and taming untutored savages. Today missionaries still do pioneer work in remote regions, among primitive people, but much of their labor has to do with the more advanced races and highly developed cultures. Today the call is not only for preachers, but for doctors and nurses, for trained teachers and social and industrial experts, for linguists, executives and business men and women. At Washingi;on, the scientist, the sociologist, the scholar and the business man will all find subjects of great interest discussed and will come face to face with the absorbing task that is being undertaken in the name of Christ for the salvation of the world. Many of the experts who will meet there are men and women who have made great sacrifices, who have studied and shared in the work of the Kingdom of God in other lands. They will speak with authority. The churches from the North, the East, the South and the West of this continent will send their most trusted leaders, laymen and clergy as delegates to gain inspiration and to take part in the discussions. Participation will be a privilege long to be remembered. The attendance will necessarily be limited to appointed delegates, but the inspiration will be spread far and wide after their return.

At this Washington Convention, the executives will gather who have formulated missionary policies and programs during the past generation. They have travelled far and wide and have had a vital part in helping forward the progress of mankind at home and abroad. While they realize the many shortcomings and failures that have attended the work, they see clearly the obligation to obey the call of Christ to this world-wide crusade. Protestant churches today are maintaining only about 25,000 ambassadors of the Cross on the forl·ign field, with 100,000 Christian workers of native churches. The annual expenditure for the support of this work is only $35,000,000less than the cost of one battleship. ,Vith this inadequate force, and with this small expenditure, they have carried on the threefold work of preaching, teaching and healing throughout the non-Christian world. In the United States alon(' the number of preachers, teachers, doctors and assistants is more than a million. In this proportion, there should be at least tln'('e million crusaden; in India, the same number in China, and two million for Africa. 'I'he fulfillment of Christ's promise of His presence and pow('r is Rhown in the results achieved in spite of the inadequate forces.

America has the greatest ayailable natural resources in the

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

world. The Christians of the United States and Canada must face the duty and the privilege of sharing these resources of knowledge, of wealth and of religion with other nations less fortunate. The United States has herself much to learn from other nations even as Tyre and Sidon rebuked the faithlessness of the chosen people, Israel, and Samaria rebuked the unneighborliness of the holy city, Jerusalem. But, in spite of the good found in other peoples and their religions, it is in Christ only and in His Gospel that all those peoples and religions must find the abundant and eternal life of God.

The chu.rches of North America have undertaken the great task but they are not undertaking it alone or in their own strength. It is a work for all to do with God. Those who wish to have a part in it and who cannot attend the Convention will have an opportunity to share in its results through their sympathy and their prayers and will be stirred by the echoes that come from others. The success of the gathering will, under God, depend on the attitude of the Church and on the volume of believing prayer that goes up for God's guidance of the leaders and for the manifestation of His power. Here is an oppOTtunity for arousing the Church to a higher pitch of heroism and for binding followers of Christ more closely together in the common work to which He has called us. PRAY FOR THE WASHINGTON CONVENTION.

REFORM AND REACTION IN CHILE PRESIDENT DON ARTURO ALESSANDRI of Chile has re- cently been deposed and requested to leave the country because his political opponents did not approve of his progressive and humanitarian ideas. Behind this event lies one of the most picturesque stories of the struggles of a modern reformer, deposed by a combination of reactionary forces of the military, the landed aristocracy and the Roman Catholic Church in Chile.

Don Arturo Alessandri was known as one of the most socially and internationally minded rulers of all the South American countries. Chile, "the Shoe-string Republic," is a little strip of land about twenty-five miles in width and two thousand five hundred miles in length, separated from the rest of the world by the Andes mountains on the East and the Pacific Ocean on the ·West. For a hundred years of its independence it has been conservatively ruled by some one hundred families. Arturo Alessandri seemed to have broken up the old oligarchy and his presidency was believed to have hrought a new day to Chile. But now he is an exile in Argentine and a military junta rules in his place.

Alessandri's election three years ago was strongly opposed and it was a question whether he would be able to carry out his reforms in behalf of the lower classes. In the old days when the Senate

refused to approve some act the Government suggested, the cabinet resigned, but President Alessandri refused to accept the resignations unless the Senate passed a direct vote of censure. The common people idolize Alessandri and dared the reactionary senators to pass such a vote. The pastors of the Evangelical churches presented President Alessandri with a copy of the Scriptures and he said later, "'The only book I have in my bed chamber is the Bible. I read it every day and try to make it my guide. Don't understand that I am a Protestant, for I am not. Neither am I a Catholic. But I believe I am a true Christian, and for this reason I have faith that I will succeed in my reform program. I believe the United States of America is great, not because it is composed of a great business people and organizes great enterprises, but because the people are a Bible-reading people. I want Chile to follow that example in this matter, so that we will also be great."

Later he said: "People who say that North Americans are only dollar chasers do not understand, for you use money as the proper machinery for securing good for humanity. The Young Women's Christian Association has a splendid program for service. Several American mission schools are doing a great moral and social work in Chile. The Rockefeller Foundation is sending experts to eliminate fatal diseases. American mining companies have done us good by forming model camps where alcohol is excluded and where schools, clubs and homes are built for workmen. Because of this policy, especially the taking away of liquor, our workmen have been found apt in learning even to handle intricate machinery, eliminating the need of bringing in foreign experts." He also expressed his enthusiasm for the Young Men's Christian Association. When that organization in Santiago opened its present modest, rented quarters a few months ago, President Alessandri was present and made a great address, declaring that, "Just as water coming down from the mountains is scattered by the sun's rays, so the youth movement, representing in the Young Men's Christian Association the ideals of purity and honor, is scattering its influence among the Chilean youth, exposed to a thousand temptations. Such sound and honored institutions as this are the most powerful agencies for the transformation of society." Sr. Alessandri is a great advocate of temperance and astounded the newspaper correspondents gathered at the Santiago conference from all parts of the world, when he served no liquors at a reception tendered in their honor.

Last February 9th the Senate passed the entire program of political, parliamentary and constitutional reforms demanded by President Alessandri. The Chamber of Deputies also approved the program which grants the Chief Executive greater freedom from parliamentary obstruction. The agreement to accept the reforms was made contingent upon appointment by the President of a new

1924J EDITORIAL COMMENTS

ministry, which would give electoral guarantees. The old Cabinet resigned and such a Ministry was formed.

The contest became so severe, however, that the President was forced to resign. What is the next move of the military junta in Santiago? Will they recall Alessandri or will they declare the presi- dency vacant and call for new elections under their own auspices 1 This episode has greatly affected the prestige of Chile as a conntry without revolutions, it has set back the movement for reform in Chile, and has aroused large sympathy for President Alessandri, whom the world will be inclined to believe when he says; "I fell defending my progressive and humanitarian ideas." s. G. 1.

THE WAHABIS AND' THE FALl… OF MECCA W HEN, about the middle of October, the warriors of Ibn Saoud, chief of central Arabia, entered Mecca, the 'great shrine of Islam, the capital of the Hejaz, the world of Islam suffered a second shock which will be felt in every Moslem land and have farreaching results. When the Angora Government of the new Turks abolished the Caliphate and expelled the Caliph, many declared that this was a deathblow to Pan-Islamism. What will they say now that Mecca has fallen into the hands of the reactionary Wahabi party and King Hussein has abdicated f Tho Wahabis are a fanatical sect of Moslems, and make war on their opponents whose religious views are different. The sect was founded early in the 18th century by Abd el Wahab who was essentially a Moslem Puritan seeking to turn Islam back to what he considered its simple fundamentals. He was particularly disturbed by the tendency to worship Mohammed, who claimed to be only a mortal. He also was opposed to prayers to Moslem saints. After Wahab died his fanatical followers wrecked the elaborate tombs of Moslem teachers and even attempted to destroy the dome over the tomb of Mohammed at Medina.

Since the World War the Wahabis have increased in power and now dominate all of central Arabia. It is they, under the powerful sheikh, Ibn Saoud, who have recently captured Mecca and have dictated terms to the King of the Hejaz. vYahabism today dictates that no tomb can have a cupola; no one must wear articles of silk or use silver and gold ornaments; valuable rugs and other luxurious fittings in mosques are prohibited and all tobacco is taboo. Smokers may be killed on the spot by fanatical Wahabis who consider such a deed meritorious.

During the early years of the war when Turkey cast in her lot 'iV with Germany and Austria, Dr. Snouck Hurgronje of Holland wrote his famous little book, "The Holy ar Made in Germany." In this he showed that Moslems were suspicious of any alliance with Christians and that such a holy war was bound to end in a fiasco. In like manner the attempt made after the war to set up puppet kings in

the Hejaz, Transjordania and Iraq has failed to create among the Arab tribes a new loyalty to the program of Western civilization and European politics. Moreover, the introduction· of electricity and other modern improvements in the city of Mecca did not meet with favor among pious Moslems. They preferred the old regime. There was considerable complaint that, in spite of the telephone, telegrams, automobiles and other ,Vestern novelties, the pilgrims on their way to Mecca were no less subject to oppression and exploitation than in the days of Turkish domination: Ibn Saoud, the ruler of Central Arabia, is undoubtedly a man of strong character who understands the psychology of the Arab, and his warriors are not to be despised. Ibn Saoud's death was recently reported in the press, and an obituary appeared in a British periodical. The fact is that he was indeed a very sick man, but he sent for Dr. Louis P. Dame, a medical missionary of the Arabian Mission of the Reformed Church in America. Dr. Dame went to Riadh and, by his prompt and skillful attention, restored the sheikh to health. No doubt the conqueror of the Hejaz, and the mighty man of Central Arabia is grateful to the missionary and is made more friendly to these "infidels." He has already shown many marks of his favor to Dr. Paul "V. Harrison of the Arabian Mission who dedicates his recent book, "The Arab at Home," to Ibn Saoud, Ibn J eloni and Abdur Rahman Ibn Sualim, "three of my best friends." One has sympathy with the Wahabis' earnest desire for a purer religion and for a more vigorous attitude towards the encroachments of the West, but it is doubtful if they can ever realize their dreams of a return to the golden days of the Caliphs. The whole episode is another proof of the disintegration of Islam and the struggle to maintain the old against the new.

A recent cablegram announces that Amir EliI' Ali, the eldest flon of the former King Hussein of the Hejaz, has been proclaimed king in place of his father who abdicated about October 1st after concluding a truce with the "V'"ahabis. According to the terms of this truce, Ali promises to abandon all claims to the caliphate .and agrees to pay an annual subsidy to Bin Ibn Saoud. He will also sign the Anglo-Hejaz treaty as proposed by the British Government. Thus the caliphate, or the headship of Mohammedanism, is entirely separated from political power and there is now no recognized head to unite the Moslem world. Indian Mohammedans have objected to the King of the Hejaz as caliph and have welcomed the abdication of King Hussein. It is hoped that this change in government and the new treaty with Ibn Saoud and with Great Britain will end political strife in Arabia.

Since the Panama

BY REV. S. G. INMAN, NEW YORK Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin AmericlL T HE calling of the Oongress on Ohristian Work in South Amer- ica to meet at Montevideo March 29-April 8, 1925, suggests an inquiry as to the value of such gatherings and a review of what has been accomplished in cooperation since the similar meeting at Panama eight years ago.

When the Edinburgh Missionary Oonference excluded Latin America from its purview, the evangelical missions at work in those countries decided to have their own organization and conference. On looking over the situation, the first thing discovered was the lack of cooperation. When the missionary forces were organized and assembled in Panama in February, 1916, outside of Porto Rico, and a paper plan for Mexico, there were practically no interdenominational committees, schools, presses or other movements which indicated that the var·ious denominations were considering the work from any viewpoint other than their own. At Panama there was a continued insistence that the great task could be confronted only by a systematic development of cooperation among the forces ministering to Latin America.

The Congress adopted a resolution calling for the continuance and enlargement of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America. This action, in its eight sections, was subsequently accepted by the organizations concerned. American, Canadian and European Sections of the Committee were formed, made up of one representative of each cooperating society working in Latin America, together with coopted members, chosen by the committee itself, and the president and secretary of each regional committee organized in each of the fields. A memorandum was embodied in this article as follows: "It is understood that the functions of thc committee are consultative and advisory, not legislative and mandatory."

Following the Congress in Panama, deputations visited various sections of South America and the ,Vest Indies. These visits resulted in the holding of several regional conferences and the organization of seven regional committees on cooperation-one including Argentine, Uruguay and Paraguay and one each for Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Peru, Porto Rico and Cuba. Subsequently regional conferences were held in Mexico (1917), in Central America (1920) and in Venezuela (1923). A regional committee for each of these areas organized, making a total of ten such committees. These committees are directly representative of the missions on the field, each of which appoints its own representative.

869

After the findings of the Panama Congress had been accepted by the societies interested, the enlarged and reconstituted commit- tee met in New York on January 8,1917, for its first annual meeting.

A short time after the meeting at Panama, Professor Harlan P. Beach of Yale University, said: "The Panama Congress has sur- passed not only the World Congress of 1910, but all others in the speedy mobilization of the varied forces called for by the discussions and papers heard there. Not a sign of flagging interest is discernible in the various committees entrusted with large cooperative responsi- bilities in Latin America and in North America. 'rhe almost unbe- lievable work that has already been accomplished is beyond any missionary precedent. Scientifically conducted investigations, sane and frank discussions, wise conclusions prayerfully reached, followed by local application of the well planned program to local needs, constitute an achievement not reached hitherto by any great conference of Christians."

ACTIVITIES The .Committee on Cooperation acts as a clearing house and board of strategy for thirty different mission boards having work in Latin America. Its work 1ms gradually grown to include many branches and activities for it keeps a constant circle of helpful contacts and good will going through the mission boards and pushes cooperative enterprises which would otherwise languish. It maintains helpful and broadening contacts with missionaries on the field. It saves the boards much money by doing for all of them work which individual boards would otherwise have to undertake. It represents the Evangelical Church in many international movements which might otherwise overlook the importance of the Christian forces. It gives out a large amount of information to the press, schools, business concerns, and individuals concerning Latin America, keeping missionary work in these countries in the public mind. It arranges addresses and conducts classes on Latin American topics in churches, conferences, conventions and educational institutions. It is developing an ever-widening acquaintance with the intellectual leaders in Latin America and undertakes to interpret to them the spirit and purpose of Evangelical Christianity.

The following outstanding developments may be cited: First, an enlarged emphasis on Evangelical missionary work in Latin America: everyone of the boards, members of this Committee, has greatly enlarged its work during this period. This has meant also an enlarged interest in the churches at home that support this work.

Second, there has been an enlarged conception of the meaning and opportunity of mission work in these Southern countries. Many new hospitals, nursing agencies, social centers, extension of educational work into new realms and a general effort to enlarge the sphere of influence of the missionary enterprise have been developed.

Third, closer cooperation among the missionary forces: an understand-

PROGRESS SINCE THE PANAMA CONGRESS

ing as to the responsibility for the occupation of territory has been reached in practically everyone of the twenty Latin .American countries. While some societies, not members of this Committee, do not observe the rules of comity, every board that is a member not only recognizes this delimitation of territory but reports great gain in efficiency and saving of money because of it. A number of union schools and union presses have been developed as well as other institutions on a federated or united plan. Probably the greatest gain of all has been in the spirit of unity which so widely pervades the mission boards at home and the workers on the field. This spirit is not simply one of "live and let live," but is one of real working together with willingness to sacrifice smaller things for the great work of the Kingdom of God. Some of the most noble chapters in the development of missionary work have been written during the last few years in this cooperative work in Latin America. Today none of the cooperating societies would think of entering new territory or radically changing its present program without consulting its sister organizations.

Fourth, a new emphasis on literature: before the Committee's organization, while the need of Christian literature was greatly felt, there was no way of systematically developing it. This Committee has furnished the organization, through which the missions have been able to work for the development of this most needed arm for the propagation of the Gospel.

Fifth, the publication of an organ that represents Christian opinion before the Spanish-speaking world. The publishing of La Nueva Democracia is in some ways the greatest single achievement of the Committee. It has long been. recognized that such an organ was necessary for reaching the educated classes of Latin America. No single society could command the finances, or sufficient representation of all the forces, to publish such an organ. The Evangelical work has been dignified throughout Latin America because of this review. Its articles are copied by the leading publications of America and Spain. Sixth, the missionary enterprise has secured a new place in the building of international friendship. This Committee has always eschewed purely political questions. It has, however, been forced into working for Inter- American friendship, always keeping in mind that if justice and mutual understanding can beget international friendship on the American Continent, the whole world will be blest.

NEW SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS LEADERSHIP Great opportunities are offered to the Committee on Cooperation to lead in the new social movements in Latin America. The following incidents are selected out of many which illustrate this opportunity. As a result of a conference of Chilean students, held under the auspices of the Young Women's Christian Association, the students of the university requested the missionary, who was teaching English in that institution, to organize a Bible class for them and a number of the stndents in that same conference have organized a social settlement in the slnms of their city. In Brazil, the Government has requested the Committee on Cooperation to assist it in the gathering of staiistics and has invited its cooperation in the solution of the Indian problem. In Mexico, the Director of the Union Press has been appointed as official lecturer on temperance by the Government and is furnished with railroad passes and entree

into all the schools of Mexico. In Argentina the literary editor of one of the great daily papers has recently become so interested in giving Christianity to the educated classes that he has become a secretary of the Young Men's Chdstiall Association. In Colombia and in Mexico, evangelical ministers have been invited to work with the labor unions. In Guatemala, the new government has called a Protestant educator to the portfolio of education. In Peru, the Inca Indians, worn out with the persecutions from their landlords and officials, appealed in a body for help to the agent of the American Bible Society. In Cuba, the citizens of several towns have raised funds for the purchase of school property which was given to the missionary societies. The secretaries of the Committee in recent trips through South America found remarkable opportunities for helping government educators and also for presenting the spiritual message to leaders of Latin America through lectures in universities and in other ways.

DIVISION OF TERRITORIAL RESPONSIBILITY The situation on the field, as related to cooperation, has, during the Committee's life, been completely changed in practically all of the twenty Latin American republics. A well-considered division of territory has been accepted in nearly all of the fields. The most remarkable program for distribution of territorial responsibility, probably unequalled in any other mission field in the world, is that which has now been completely carried out in Mexico. In Central America each of the republics is definitely assigned as the special responsibility of a particular board. In Cuba, by the withdrawal of two Mission Boards and the readjustment of territory among others, a situation which was formerly most unsatisfactory has now been adjusted so as to eliminate almost all overlapping. In Porto Rico the excellent zone system, the only national agreement concerning territory in all Latin America before the organization of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, continues to be satisfactory. In Peru three Mission Boards have arrived at an agreement as to territory, though there are still minor difficulties to be settled. In Bolivia the same is true. In Chile the Presbyterians and Methodists, the two boards doing the greater part of the work, have, by exchanging territory, improved former agreements and eliminated overlaIlping. In Paraguay the Methodist Board has withdrawn, leaving tnat field to the Disciples of Christ. In Uruguay the Methodist Board is the only member of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America. In Argentine and Brazil, the two largest South American countrIes, there has been much readjustment between the various boards since the Panama Congress. There is yet to be worked out, however, a national division of territorial responsibility in these countries. Venezuela and Colombia are still largely the responsibility of the Presbyterian Mission Board. Ecuador, where the Christian and

PROGRESS SINCE; TIm rANA~JA CONGRESS

Missionary Alliance il:i the only hoard at work, awaits the help of another strong miRsionary organizatioll.

UNION INI:i'lTrnTlONs AND 1'EMl'KRA!-:"UE 1'he following is the list of Union Institutions developed since the Panama Congress: (1) Union theological seminaries in Mexico, Porto Rico, Chile, Argentine and Brazil; (2) Union papers and bookstores in Mexico, Porto Rico, Cuba and Chile; (3) Union literature work in Brazil and Santo Domingo; plans are now being developed for such work in Argentina; (4) a Union college and a woman's training school in Argentine; (5) federated educational work in Chile and Brazil; (6) Union hospitals in Mexico and Santo Domingo; (7) a Union organization in Santo Domingo, an entirely new plan for administering the whole work which five denominational boards support through a central administrative hody.

The Committee continues to be the channel through whi,ch the temperance forces of the United States are working' in the Latin American field. 1'he work of its secretary in Mexico lIas been particularly successful. The greatest single service rendered was in helping to secure the adoption of a program of temperance educatiOIl at the Fifth Pan-American Conference. 1'his program includes obligatory temperance education in public school, high license, clos- .ing of saloons on certain days and hours and the prevention of shipping of alcohol into prohibition countries.

BIBLl£ SCHOOLS ANJ) LIT ICRATU1,E The Sunday School Committee, recently appointed to begin the eoordination of the Sunday-sehool work in Latin America has made considerable progress. The Executive Seeretaries of the Regional Committees Oll Cooperation in Brazil, Cuba and Mexico have taken prominent parts in leading the Sunday-school forees in those countries. The dose!' coordination of all Sunday-school forces in Latin ~~merica is being' sought by the Central Committee, which is now working out complete courses in religious educ·atiou fol' both pupils and tp,achers.

The Central Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in its meeting' in Panama recently requested the Montevideo Congress to take up the question of how the Sunday-school forces of South America might be further coordinated with the general work of cooperation.

Help has also been given to those interested ill extending the Daily Vacation Bible School movement in Latin America. This has been done through the secretaries of the cooperative committees in Cuba, Porto Rico and Mexico, in all of which countries the movement this year began to be effective. A new and wide field of service is opening here.

2

Each year literature becomes a larger and more important element in the general program. It might be possible to send enough missionaries to Latin America so that the original impulse toward the Church might come to most of the people through the spoken word. Only through the printed page, however, is there the possibility of giving that further instruction and guidance which leads into the fullness of the Christian life.

The main objective of the Literature Department is to provide more and better Spanish and Portuguese literature for the Christian constituency in Latin America. In the attainment of this purpose the work of the Committee divides itself into ten distinct lines of activity: Making, subsidizing and supervising translations; securing the pUblication of these translations; enlisting the interest of qualified indigenous writers in the production of original works; subsidizing the publication of books badly needed but not commercially profitable; publication of La Nueva Dernocracia, presenting the Christian viewpoint on world problems; insuring the general circulation of good literature by the operation of a mail-order book business; the publication of books on its own account, such as the Spanish Commentary on the International Sunday School Lessons; preparing material for a regular press service for both the religious and secular press in Latin America; preparing a monthly "Sermon Material Service" for more than six hundred local pastors in Latin America; general supervision over the activities of cooperati,"e bookstores and publishing houses in Mexico, Porto Rico, Cuba, Santo Domingo, Chile and one in process of organization in Argentine.

The production of Portuguese literature, being of primary interest to Brazil, is centered in that country, the Committee in New York confining its aid to paying the salary and office expenses of Prof. Erasmo Braga, himself a distinguished writer and the head of our literature work in Brazil.

In addition to the publication of a considerable number of new books the Committee has been able to secure the re-issue of some valuable books which have long been out of print.

The influence of La N~6eva Dernocracia in Latin America is out of all proportion to its size. This is due to the fact that every month its leading articles are reproduced in the daily and periodical press of Spanish America.

STRONG INFLUENCE OF EVANGELICAL 'WORK The present development of this work and its influence will surprise those who have not followed it closely. The city of Rio de Janeiro is the largest center of the Protestant Church in the Latin world, if Paris should not be excepted. There are more than one hundred p1,'eaching points in the city and its suburbs. The Pastors' Association has a membership of sixty-five. One of the churches,

PROGRESS SINCE THE PANAMA CONGRESS

with a thousand members, has an annual budget of $15,000 and supports fourteen missions. The large dailies of Brazil give continuous notices of the evangelical work, and members of that church occupy important places in the Government. In Santiago, Chile, there are now sixty-four foreign missionaries. The two evangelical schools are counted as among the most important ethical and educational influences in all of Chile. Missionaries are called to teach in the University and occupy prominent places in social movements. In Buenos Aires the Young Men's Christian Association has over 3,000 members. On its staff are found some of the best known leaders in social reform in Argentina. Montevideo boasts of the finest Spanishspeaking evangelical church building in the world. The influence of the evangelicals is very strong, a justice of the supreme court and other men of leadership being members of that church. In Lima, Peru, one of the missionaries has been elected a regular member of the faculty of the exclusive University of San Marcos. In the City of Mexico an audience of a thousand often gathers on a Sunday evening in one of the churches, which has a Sunday-school of some eight hundred members. In Porto Rico the Evangelical Church is recognized as the most aggressive force for social reform.

The old discussion whether the simple evangelical church can ever satisfy the Latin temperament with its love for display and ceremony, or the other question whether Protestant missions to South Americans are justified or are welcomed by them-these discussions, in the light of actual developments, have ceased to have living value. In modern parlance, the Evangelical Church in South America" has arrived." A certain type of pUblicists, ecclesiastics, politicians and sentimentalists may go on ignoring or opposing this fact. But no real student of the social life of the Continent, whatever may be his likes or dislikes, will fail to recognize this growingly important situation.

Organizers of the Panama Congress and workers in the Oommittee on Oooperation in Latin America may well take courage at the part this movement has had in bringing the evangelical work to its present strength. The difference between the impact of the evangelical work in the community as seen in visits in 1914 and in 1921 is truly remarkable. It has been brought about by a united study of the task, a united program of action, the presentation of a united front before the community and a broader, more positive, more comprehensive conception of the service to be rendered.

In his most recent trip to South .America, the Executive Secretary took occasion to inquire definitely from the missionaries in each of the fields whether they thought that the regi.onal committees had accomplished their purpose and now might be allowed to disintegrate, or whether there was still a real work before them. He found unanimous and enthusiastic sentiment in favor of the work

of these committees and a feeling that they have contributed very largely to the wise development of mission work and should not only be continued but broadened in "cope. Even where misunderstandings were making cooperation very difficult, the need of it was stilI clearly recognized.

THE INDIANS OF LATIN AII'lERICA The Committee has given special attention to the needs of the millions of neglected Indians in Latin America. Two representative conferences have been held at which careful studies were reported on conditions among the Indians. At the last of tlwse, held in April, ]924, in New York, a Commission on Indian vVork was authorized. While this Commission is connected with the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, each board is asked to appoint its own special representative and the Commission expects soon to inaugurate a large program for serving the Indians.

THE PLANS FOR 1'.fONTgVIDEO In Montevideo there is planned the largest of all of the projects developed through the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America. This would be not only an interdenominational but an international institution for the graduate training of men and women for leadership in the pastorate and in the social work of the Church. The plan of this institution indicates something of the range of the Committee on Cooperation in that that work has taken into its purview not only what all the mission boards are doing, hut the whole social, ecollomic and religions conditiolls of all twenty Latin American republics. This is the only part of the ~world where a continent and a half speaks practically the same language and baR, essentially, the same problems and ideals. It is inspiring to plan a united program for a whole country. But to serve one of the great sections of the world, embracing twenty republics, is a far more challenging task.

A PRAYER FOR DELIVERANCE FROM RACE PREJUDICE By ]fORXAY VlI.T.IAMS O GOD, who hast made man in thine own likeness and who dost love all whom thou hast made, suffer us not, becauHe of differ- ence in race, color or condition, to separate ourselves from others, and thereby from thee; but teach us the unity of thy family and the universality of thy love. As thy Son, our Saviour, was born of an Hebrew mother and ministered first to His brethren of the House of Israel, but rejoiced in the faith of a Syro-Phrenician Woman and of a Roman soldier, and suffered His cross to be carried by a man of Africa; teach us, also, while loving and serving our own, to enter into the communion of the whole human family; and forbid that, from pride of birth and hardness of heart, we should despise any for whom Christ died, or injure any in whom He lives. Amen.

A Moslem View of

BY THE REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., F.R.G.S., CAIRO, EGYPT Editor of The Moslem World NOTHING more clearlv indicates the trend ot Moslem thought and the vortex caus~d by the currents and countercurrents in their intellectual life than the lfoslem press. The strict censorship in the Near East has not entirely ceased, but the Mohammedans of London, esper·ial1y the group represented by "the W oking Mosquc," are permitted to speak freely, while some Christian books and newspaper artieles are at times suppressed by the British authorities in India and Egypt, for fear of offending Mohammedan susceptibilities. There are, however, Christian susceptibilities also to be considered.

It is interesting' to pick up, for example, a sample copy of The Islamic Review, published for the last twelve years in English, as a monthly and edited by Khwaja Kamal-ud-din. The number before us contains on its title page a picture of the interior of the Mosque at ,Voking, Surrey, England, with pulpit, reading stand and the usual Mohammedan decorations. On the back cover of the magazine the Paris Book Club advertises its famous edition de luxe of "The Life of Mohammed the Prophet of Allah," printed on Japanese vellum! This one-sided and untrustworthy contribution to the glory of the Arabian prophet, illuminated and printed on J apanese vellum, is offered at £18 sterling per copy, or on ordinary paper at £8. The advertising pagcs are largely devoted to a series of books and tracts dealing with Mohammedanism, the Arabic language and the progress of Islam, including the new English translation of the "Holy Koran" with Arabic text and commentary by Mohammad Ali-a sort of "Oxford Bible" for Moslems.

The leading article in the number before us is entitled "The Life of ,Jesus." The writer, who is also editor of the Islamic Review, is the leading spirit in the Ahmadiyya Movement in England, and his answer to the question, "vVhat think ye of OhrisO" leaves no doubt in the mind of the reader. He looks upon Jesus as a Jewish Rabbi, the Head, but not the founder of the Ohurch which bears His name. He was a Moslem in that He subjected Himself to the Law of Moses .and "made entry into the kingdom of heaven exclusively dependent on the observance of the Old Testament. He did not preach the religion of 'Atonement and Blood,' but the religion of 'Obedience and Commandment.' With him the law is a blessing and not n curse as Paul would make it.. The Sermon on the MOllnt teaches a creed of faith translated iIlto actions, and not the creed of faith without actions as Luther says. 111 a word, ,Jesus taught Islam 877

and not Christianity. He was a thorough Moslem and scrupulously zealous of Islam-implicit submission to Divine laws and complete obedience to commandments of God."

Like other Mohammedans, this writer teaches that Paul the "implacable enemy of Jesus" changed his religion and paganized it by borrowing from the Greek and Roman mythology. By misquoting the Epistles, he represents Paul as inventing a Christianity of a new type and by doubtful methods winning over a large number of adherents. "He would speak of the law among his own people to avoid their opposition, but he would call it a curse when he had to address the unlawful Romans. His antecedents had left him no chance of success among the Jews, and he could not win over the Greeks without allowing them neither to observe the law nor to keep themselves 'from things offered to idols and from blood and from strangled' " (sic).

"He went to inform them of a new God incarnate. Jupiter had come again in the person of the son of the Virgin Mary. No wonder if the new Zeus was hailed everywhere in the land of myth, and the elders at Jerusalem glorified God when Paul' declared what things God had wrought among the Gentiles by his ministry.' Unfortunately the workers in foreign missions follow the anti-Christian footsteps of this arch-innovator to the beautiful and simple religion of Jesus. In India, sometimes they try to identify Christ with Krishna, a Hindu deity. They ask the Hindus only to accept Christ for Krishna, and go in their own ways." This is an astonishing statement but it is even more startling to read that foreign missions are contrary to the very spirit of Jesus. Mr. Kamal-ud-din says, "'The religion of Moses did not allow proselytizing, and Jesus, who observed scrupulously everything of the law, stuck to it up to the end of his life. Foreign missions are a downright insult to his own ways and practice. If he refrained from giving 'children's bread to dogs,' foreign missions is simply a heresy. In justification some one perhaps may refer to Mark, chapter 16: 'And he said unto them Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature.' But the last ten verses of St. Mark, which include this quotation as fifteenth verse, are decidedly a forgery."

Not only is St. Paul accused of inserting the spirit of propagandism into the simple teachings of Jesus but he invented a new Christ, no longer human, as He is in the Synoptists, but equal in glory to God. All his teachings in regard to our Saviour are an innovation which should be rejected.

"The Jesus of the four Gospels is contradistinct from the Jesus of St. Paul. The theory of the fall of Adam, the reconciliation of the offended deity with the sons of Adam, the new and old Adam, the atonement, Divine commandments, a curse to humanity as bringer of death into the world, the grace of blood to substitute the old curse,

A MOSLEM VIEW OF CHRISTIANITY

i. e., the Laws of God-almost all these things are more or less Pauline heresies absolutely unknown to Jesus himself and his disciples. "

The writer goes on to misquote or misinterpret a number of texts regarding the humanity of Jesus as a proof against His Deity. "Jesus never claimed godhood Himself. That the Christ of the Church which received its birth from Pauline brain was strange to even Jesus Himself, is borne out by the first three gospels of the Synoptic record. I have read them many a time with all the reverence that Jesus can claim from a Moslem mind for a prophet. With all the liberal interpretation which one can put to his words on record, I failed to find anything in them which may make him a deity. 'Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and Him only thou shalt serve.' 'Why callest thou me good, none is good save one, that is God.' "This is life eternal that they might know thee, the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom thou hast sent.' 'The Lord our God is one Lord. l "

The miracles of Christ are admitted but they are minimized by emphasizing the fact that He was unable to work any miracles without the help of God as was the case in all other prophets.

All this, however, is only preparatory to the real crux of the article and of the Moslem controversy. The stumbling block of the Cross always remains the great denial, without distinction of sect or of education in all Islam. The heart of the Christian message, viz., that Jesus Christ died for our sins, according to Scripture, is denied or perverted, or explained away. We read: "The doctrine of Atonement is another Pauline heresy to the religion of Jesus. Had He come to wash man's sin with His blood, His conduct all through His life should have been quite different from what we read of Him concerning His crucifixion. We find a change in all His movements after He had heard of His arrest contemplated by the Jews. He avoids public notice, and if recognized would ask His visitors not to tell others of Him. One who came to redeem the fallen man should have given Himself up willingly into the hands of His enemies, and Judas Iscariot would have been saved the ignominy of betraying his master. If the scene at Calvary was a Divine Dispensation, and the Grave of Blood had been ordained to give revelation to aNew Epiphany, the betrayer should have been blessed rather than cursed."

Christ's death was not voluntary but "He resigned Himself to those who sought His death." All the teachings of Jesus, this Moslem writer says, give the lie to any theory of the Atonement. "If Jesus came to make us 'free from sin,' and we become the servants of righteousness, why should He enjoin upon every person to teach the law and observe the commandments ~ To the young man who came to Him and said, 'Master, how can I be saved?' Jesus speaks

of ten commandments and orders him to observe them. For the same He refers His own disciples to the Scribes' as they are in the seat of Moses.' In all His utterances there is not a single word which may give countenance to the theory of atonement, excepting what He said when He sat in the last Passover-for this is My blood of the New Tefitament which is shed for many for the remission of sins. The ~words are simple, and do not carry any such meanings to an Eastern mi1(1 whieh may be construed to raise the building of a new diq)(,llRation." The meaning intended here is not very clear.

'l'he facts of the ('rueifixion and the Resurrection are flatly denied. "The resurrection is another myth forced upon the otherwise simple and humane life of .Jesus. 'Ve read it in the New Testament, but one should not forget that the first four Evangelists relate their own impressions of the case rather than what actually occurred. 'Miracles never happen,' says Renan, 'but in times and countries in which they are believed and before persons disposed to believe them.' Excepting Matthew, the first Evangelists were not eye-witnesses of .the scene. Their first authorities were men whose low intellect and want of ('.ammon sense often brought rebuke from their Master, who often and often ~'as ('ompelled to explain His meaning'S in parables and similes."

Modernist writers and rationalists are quoted as authority against any belief in a literal resurrection, and the writer concludes that "Jesus did not die on the Cross. Death-like swoon overtook Him, from which He recovered and went to Galilee in the guise of a gardener. In the light of present-day learning, one should not be carried away by the illusions of the fishermen Apostles. They might be honest, but it does not prove the validity of their inferences."

Even the ascension is explained away after the manner of the higher critics. "He certainly did not come out of the sepulchre as conqueror of death, but as 'an absconder' who chanced to escape the penalty of the law and was afraid of being brought to it. His conduct subsequent to the events at Calvary show the same."

"One should not wonder at His sudden disappearance in clouds. The place of His supposed ascension was on the top of the hill, as I was shown, when I went there. To those who have been to hill stations, it is a common-day experience. People walk in clouds and sometimes become shrouded into them when the clouds are of sufficient density. They seem to disappear into clouds to those at a distance. Jesus could not stay any longer in .Jerusalem to save Himself from the further persecution of the Rabbis. He disappeared from the scene and hmdened to all Essene monastery by the Brook Kareth, as the Ipg·em1 }JlIhliNIH'(] hy Ueol'g·e Moore shows. The legend can be traced to the secoud 0)' third century."

The last reference is to the Ilotorious novel by George J[oore which also denies the death of our Lord and His resurrection.

A MOSLEM VIEW OF CHRIS'l'IANITY

Following this account of Jesus Christ is an article by an English convert to Islam, Khalid Sheldrake, who writes of "Mohammed as a true man" who worshiped God devotedly and was in every respect an ideal. We are astonished to find that he was a "model husband," that he avoided all luxury and vanity and was the very mouth-piece of God. "In the sight of God He was a perfect man and the world was thrilled by the utterances of His lips." The message Mohammed gave to the world "has remained unsullied in its original purity to this very day."

-How pure that message was can be learned only from Mohammedan sources of the Prophet's life and teachings which in many cases are untranslatable for polite readers. In this very number of The Islamic Review one of Mohammed's followers, Mohammed Bakhsh, B.A., writes an appeal for polygamy in which he truly interprets the old crude sensual views held by the Arabs. The reasons assigned for the necessity of polyg'amy today are the casualities of the War which have reduced the ratio of men to women tenfold. The writer corredly states that "the Moslem law of polygamy asserts its superiority over the law of monogamy. It asks why we should not marry two, three or four women to get out of this difficulty, and save the honor of many persons of both the sexes. In this way a great number of the souls who are led to the early grave through no fault of theirs, but simply to save the honor of their immortal parents, will be saved; and also these unions will bear fruit which will help in time to solve this problem."

Such is the progTess of Islam in London and these are the arguments that are intended to convince Europeans of the present necessity for the religion of Islam!

A third article is by an educated Negro of West Africa, formerly baptized a Christian and now apostate. A portrait of this writer on "Islamic Ascendancy" is given as a frontispiece. Prof. Abdul K.arim Kpakpa-Quartey seeks to establish the thesis that "Islam is an enormous advance on human education and spiritual development. This cannot he disputed, even hy its malicious opponents. It embraces all the branches of human knowledge and research-theology, medicine, history, astronomy, grammar, economics, physics, racial philosophy and racial psychology. It is an important educator on all systems of purely human origin, and its creed adores, worships and acknowledges the great Divine Architect of the Universe, in the sublimest, loftiest and most divine expression, never to be found in the liturgy of other religions."

He says that Christians have spoken disparagingly of the merits of I.;lam, but for thirteen hundred years it has proved its wonderful power in history and development. The Crescent will give illumination to the dark recesses of human thought. Christianity has been hopelessly divided, but Islam remains a unit. The strongest proof

for its divine origin is its triumph. "If the divinity of a religion may be inferred from the variety of races among whom it has been diffused, and the strength of its hold upon their national, social and political life and customs, then there is positively no other religion that can prefer greater and more substantial claims than Islam, which has found its way from Mecca and Constantinople to Persia, Turkey, China, Egypt, India, England, France and across the desert to the remotest parts of the land of Ethiopia, Sahara, Timbuctoo, East, ViTest, North, Central and Equatorial Africa, and is still going, without the aid of missionaries here and there."

One reads with sympathy what this writer has to say on the cruel treatment of the black man by the white race, especially in some sections of the world. He speaks of the atrocities, lynchings and tortures which his race have endured at the hands of the Christians in the Southern States. The Negro, he writes, "is still liable to be brutally flogged, kicked, knocked about, imprisoned, shot dead or lynched, at the will and pleasure of the bloodthirsty and savage American tin god."

It is· with some show of truth that he calls attention to the striking contrast between Christianity and Islam in the treatment of the black race today. The echo of every cry of injustice is heard today where the black races dwell and we must not expect a lenient judgment on the part of those who naturally are eager to use every argument they can find against the Message of the Gospel and the people who profess and call themselves Christians.

What does the Islamic Review think of missions in Africa ~ After quoting a paragraph from "The Light of Faith" (sic) on the a Sudan United Mission, the comment is that the rapid progress which Islam is making is creating feeling of jealousy in missionary circles. They are doing their best to check the advance of Islam, "The Christian missionaries are seriously launching new schemes to extend their propaganda to the territories which were hitherto 'without the Gospel, but open to Islam.' Now, what should the Moslems do is a question of great moment; and we leave its answer to the Moslems of the world, who, as true believers, are enjoined by the Holy Koran to preach the religion they have themselves accepted, to the whole of mankind."

The Islamic Review is for Christians a conclusive answer to the question "Why should we carryon missions to Moslems 1" It is imperative. The issue is clearly defined, there can be no compromise. Islam is not a stepping stone to Christ, but a barrier. The IsDamic Review indicates what we face in Africa and Asia and why we must be true to our Message and to our Divine Saviour. Will the Christian forces meet by faith and prayer and sacrifice the challenge of Islamic propagandism ~

Papago Indians-People of the

BY MRS. F. S. HERNDON, TUCSON, ARIZONA Missionary of the Pl'esbyterian Chmch to the Papago Indians T HE Papago Indians still occupy that portion of the great Sonora Desert upon which they were living in the seventeenth century, when the wilderness of the southwest was first pene- trated by early explorers and zealous priests. No definite boundary was given to their domain until 1917, when the Honorable Cato Sells, then Commissioner of Indian Affairs, secured their possession of this land by having it reserved. Early historians called the conn- try Pimeria Alla, or Papagueria. The Pima and the Papago Indians were originally one tribe. Internal strife caused a division; the larger body, no doubt, being given choice of location and remaining in the valley of the Gila, while the smaller company was apportioned the arid land. The Papagoes became pioneers in dry farming, and the desert taught them how to be resourceful. They have never re- ceived rations nor had their self-respect abused by unearned favors from the Government. They are industrious, even thrifty in native devices alid habits.

The Rev. ChaB. H. Cook, D.D., settled among the Pimas in 1869 and God used him to accomplish much for the redemption of the Red Man. His far-reaching sympathy endeared him to white settlers and Mexicans who would have been glad to divert him from his calling but he never wavered in devotion to the Pimas. The Papagoes looked on with wonder at what God was doing for their kinsmen and they wanted a missionary to live with them and be their teacher. In 1900 Chief Pablo's daughter, Jessie, an ex-pupil of the Indian Training School at Tucson, traveled across the desert to voice these yearnings to the Superintendent of the school: "Send us a missionary like Dr. Cook." The Protestant Church was doing nothing for her people, and the pupils were allowed to drift away from all the gracious influence of relig'ious care.

God spoke to us in His quiet, unmistakable voice, and in answer we left the Indian school in 1903 to make our home in a little Indian camp adjacent to Tucson, the headquarters of the mission.

The first church organization was effected in 1906 and the first church building was then dedicated as a memorial to John Eliot, the Apostle to the American Indians. A beautiful tablet erectea by Mr. and Mrs. Ralph L. Cutler of Brooklyn bears witness to his faith which has been ours through all the years: "Prayer and pains, through faith in Jesus Christ, will accomplish anything. "

In this faith we have been winning victories in the conflict with repulsive evils, degenerating practices, sinful and retarding customs, 883

and the slavish superstitions of the Indians. There are now five or- ganized churches to whom native pastors minister. A new station recently opened seems so encouraging in its prospect, that we long to press forward into other new places. The villages are scattered and long distances must be covered by the missionary in charge of the field. With native missionaries at strategic points a long-neg- lected people may hear the news of salvation.

"What have they against us ~" was the startling question, asked by an Indian woman in a wondering way at the slowness of the Church to carry the "Good News" to all. It is the cry of the hungry-the hungry, thirsty people of the desert.

As a result of the great work done by the Rev. Chas. H. Cook, D.D., the pioneer missionary to the Pima Indians, Sacaton now boasts that she has the largest Indian Presbyterian church in Amer- ica. Jessie told me how the Holy Spirit sought out the brother of J essie, the chief's daughter, who was groping in darkness, with a heart yearning for the light. After the manner of the Mexicans he had learned to revere the saints, and had purchased a picture at great sacrifice, for the little Indian "key," or house, in which he lived. He wished to do still greater honor to this picture, to invite his friends to participate in the worship, and planned to have a fiesta, but had no money to defray expenses. Thus he was led to Sacaton to earn the money and there he met Dr. Cook from whom he learned the truth. He went back to his people to tell them that the worship they were bestowing upon the picture was idolatry. Though he died soon afterward the little candle God had lighted for the Papagoes kept on burning' and .Jessie, his sister, became the first Bible Reader in this Papago country. In answer to her earnest appeals the Protestant mission for the Papago Indians was opened in 1903.

The Papagoes live in small villages scattered over a great stretch of desert country. They try to do dry farming and own a few cattle. The rainfall is semi-annual and although not greater than on other deserts the fact that there are two rainy seasons in a year makes this" the greenest desert in the world." Two years ago, however, a thousand head of cattle perished for want of pasture and water. The Indians had to leave their homes for a season in search of these and many of them took their little herds to a yalley near a reservoir where the thirsty cattle made a rush to drink. On one occasion 11r. Herndon saw here more than two hundred head of dead and dying cattle and horses. Too weak to help themselves they would turn their eyes to us with a look of entreaty. We could have saved the'ir lives with a little water.

SpirituaUy also the people perish for lack of water, the Water of Life. More than fifty years ago Dr. Cook took the Gospel to the Pimas, kinfolk of these desert people, and about twenty years

THE PAPAGO IJT})IA'S–PEOPLE OF THE DESERT

ago the Presbyterian Mission fOl' the Papagoes was opened. Since then five small churches have been built. '1'he villages are many and scattered, most of them i"malllikc the little fields fonced ill for cultivation. The difficulties in the way of mission work are analogous to those of the agriculturist. We furnished the beans for a poor man to plant his field in July. 'l'here was a promising rain, but it was followed by a dry spell, and he harvested fewer beans than he had planted. But he will plant this same field another year. Likewise we, the sowers of the Gospel seed must keep up our planting. "Be not weary in well doing," saith a voice from heaven, "for in due season ye shall reap if ye faint not.' 'Like the native desert plants the people have developed" spines," and are hard to approach. The native missionary is most efficient and under the direction of the "pale face" much may be accomplished.

There is no stream of water flowing through the desert, only a few of these carriers of Diving Water. Recently a man was placed at Big Fields. We stepped out on Faith that God would provide the salary. God is surpassing our faith in the opportunities afforded him for Scripture reading, prayer, and precept. A few of our Christians are planning to give these people Christmas cheer and tell them the story of God's great Gift to the wodd.

ONE OF MARY SLESSOR'S BIBLES (From "Mary Slessor of Calabar," Georg-e H. Doran Co" PubHshers) Mary Siessor, of Calabar, one of the most interesting heroines and pioneers of modern missions, was an earnest student of the Bible, as may be seen from the accompanying illustration. In the midst of a fierce, superstitious, and ignorant people, she achieved the "impossible," because of her faith in God and the strength she drew from the study of His Word.

The pages of Mary Slessor '8 Bibles bear eloquent witness to the care and frequency with which this missionary heroine studied the Eternal Word. Is your Bible marked in this way1"-Walther Leagne Messenger.

A STREET IN GUAYAQUIL BEING PAVED BY THE AMERICAN ASPHALTING

Ecuador-A Missionary Challenge BY WEBSTER E. BROWNING, Ph.D. Euucational Socretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America T HE Republic of Ecuador, which lies south of Colombia and north of Peru, has the general shape of a triangle with the base resting on the shore of the Pacific Ocean, while the apex crosses the "Cordillera de los .I'llides" and extends do,,'ll the eastern slopes to the sources of the Amazon. The altitude thus rnns from sea level to the summits of mighty Chimborazo and Cotopaxi, two snowy giants of the Andes, and offers all shades of climate from the heat of the tropics to the extreme cold of the mountains. Quito, the capital, a city of 100,000 population, lies almost on the Equator but has a delightful climate because of its altitude of more than 9,000 feet above the sea.

Although the boundaries of the republic are not yet definitely fixed, and vast territories in the interior are still the subject of dispute with neighboring nations, its continental area, already conceded, would equal the combined area of the States of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island, or a little more than 216,000 square miles. Should its own pretensions be justified, this almost unknown and little appreciated South American republic would have an area of about 276,000 square miles or equal to that of the States of Ohio, Illinois, Wisconsin, Indiana, Michigan and West Virginia, with Hawaii and the District of Columbia thrown in for good measure.

886

1924J ECUADOR-A MISSIONARY CHALLENGE

The total population is not known with exactness, but is reck- oned from 1,500,000 to 2,000,000. Of the total, considerably more than half are pure Indians, many more thousands have Indian blood in their veins, and the pure European population is relatively scant. Most of the Indians are partially civilized, since they live in regions frequented by the white man; but, on the eastern slopes of the Andes, in the hot region that extends to the banks of the Amazon, there are at least 200,000 who are as wild and savage as were their ancestors when Christopher Columbus first landed on the W est ern continent.

Among these tribes are the "Jibaros," generally referred to as the Headhunters, whose macabre collections consist of the heads of their enemies, which, by some gentle art known only to themselves, are shrunk to the size of the human fist, yet retaining the physiognomy so true to life as to be readily recognizable. These gruesome trophies are handed down from generation to generation, as were the scalps of their enemies by the Indians of North America. They are regarded as proofs of valor in war, but may still be bought by the curiosity hunter, in spite of legislation to the contrary.

Of all the countries of Latin AN ANCIENT CROSS IN THE STREET OF QUI TO America, Ecuador has had least contact with the outer world, and in consequence still lives and moves far back in the Middle Ages. One cause of this hermitlike existence has been the fevers and other pestilences which became endemic along the coast and only lately, through the efforts of the Rockefeller Institute, under the direction of Surgeon-General Gorgas, have been overcome. Guayaquil, in particular, although the principal port of entry into the republic, was so infected with yellow fever that an assignment to live in this city was considered almost equivalent to cond _mnation to a certain and speedy death. The city has now been cleansed of disease, is paving its streets and planning new parks and boulevards, and bids fair to become one of the most attractive and healthful cities on the west coast of South America.

A second and more potent cause of the backwardness of Ecuador in the concert of nations has been the persistently pernicious

influence of an obscurant ecclesiastical organization which has steadily opposed all efforts to hring the country into line with other progressive nations of the eoutincnt und ImOl fought to muiutuiu it::; OWll supremacy in matters of state with a supreme indifference to the will and conscience of the people. The Concordat which was signed between a too subservient conservative Government and the Vatican, in 1863, practically made the State a vassal of the Pope. Education, in particular, was handed over to the clergy and this will explain, in very large measure, the present situation of the country as regards public instruction. Two Articles of that now discredited and discarded Concordat merit reproduction here, as showing the extremes to which this particular ecclesiastical organization will go when it finds a government that is too weak to resist its demands. They read: "Article 1. The Roman Catholic and Apostolic Religion shall continue to be the religion of the republic of J<Jcuador, and it shall conserve forever all the privileges and prerogatives which belong to it, according to the Law of God and the Canonical rules. Consequently no other, heretical, worship shall be permitted, nor the existence of Hny society condemned by the Church.

"Article II. The instruction of the youth in the universities, colleges, faculties, and public and private schools, shall conform in all respects to the Catholic doctrine. In order that this may be assured, the Bishops shall have the exclusive right to designate the texts that shall be used in giving instruction, both in the ecclesiastical sciences and in the moral and religious teaching.

"In addition, the diocesan prelates shall conserve the right to censure and prohibit, by means of pastoral letters and prohibitive decrees, the circulation of books or publications, of any nature whatsoever, which offend the dogma or the discipline of the Church or public moralR.

"r1'he Government shall also be watchful and shall adopt the necessary measures to prevent the propagation of such literature in the country."

It was, probably, in the spirit of the last clause of the Article just cited that a customs' officer declared to E'rancisco Penzotti, when he asked permission to introduce the first case of Bibles through the port of Guayaquil, "While stands great Chimborazo, that book shall not enter this country."

However, on my arrival at this port, I turned over to a mis- Hionary five large cases of Bibles and portions, which the Agent of the American Bible Society in Colon had requested me to deliver. The customs' officer merely inquired of the missionary the contents of the cases, and on being informed, passed them without even the formality of an inspection. Yet great Chimborazo still stands!

It was interesting to learn, too, that, as a proof of the total reversal of the attitude of the Government toward religious work other than that of the dominant Church, foreign priests and nuns are not allowed to land in the country, but no restriction is placed on workers of other faiths. Now and then a zealous governor of the province of Guayaquil tries to apply the law to Protestant missionaries, only to be told very curtly by the Government in the capit(ll that they are not referred to by the decree.

ECUADOR-A MISSIONARY CHALLENGE

A HALF CIVILIZED INDIAN IN ECUADOR AN INDIAN WOMAN IN ECUADOR Probably baptized into the Catholic Church but Selling strawb8rries on the railway between still pagan in faith and practice Guayaquil and Quito It is said that General Eloy Alfaro, to whom is due, in large measure, the present liberal Constitution, owed his ideas and broadness of vision to the study of a Bible which was given him by a missionary who was a fellow-traveler on one of the coast steamers. One of his closest friends recently assured the writer that the General did not allow a day to go by without reading at least a chapter from the Book, and that his liberal statecraft was largely due to this study. But he was finally betrayed into the hands of his enemies, was shot by the soldiers while imprisoned in Quito, and his body, after being dragged through the streets, together with the bodies of a number of his political friends, who perished with him, was burned without the city_ The Constitution which he secured from Congress in 1906 is still in force and guarantees, to all, citizens or foreigners, complete liberty of conscience, in all its aspects and manifestations; liberty of thought and the expression of the same by word or through the press; and free instruction Of the youth of the land in schools from which all ecclesiastical intervention has been banished. No church is recognized as having peculiar prerogatives over any other.

3

THE lUSSlONAHY BEVIEW OJ.' THE WOI:LD

As regards present-day edttcation, the statistics published by the Government, for 1919, show that 92,500 children were in attend- ance on the primary schools of the country, and that from this de- partment less than 2,000 passed into the secondary or high schools. All schools of secondary grade are for the instructiOn of boys and young men, including four which are under the control of the Jesuits or other teaching Orders. In all the republic there is no school in which a girl may continue her studies beyond the very elementary primary schools, unless she wishes to become a teacher and enters one of the two Normal Schools for women.

There are four universities, no one of which has a home of its own, although the Central University, in Quito, is now constructing a handsome building in the center of the city. Each of these uni- versities is merely a cluster of professional schools, and in one of them there is but a single faculty-that of law. The total registry of university students in all the republic reaches 747. They are di- vided among the various faculties as follows: law, 297; medicine, 261; science, 69; pharmacy, 46; dentistry, 37; obstetrics, 23; and nursing, 11. Only two women are registered in the university and both are studying medicine, one in Quito and the other in Guayaquil. The annual income for the four universities is put down as $184,000 American gold, and is derived from taxes on alcohol and tobacco. The secondary schools are supported, iu great part, from taxes on lottery tickets and alcohol.

The vital statistics show that 70,397 births were registered in the country in a recent year, of which number 22,325, or nearly one third, were set down as illegitimate. Of the 20,012 persons married during the same year, only 8,246 could sign the marriage registry.

Up to the present time the country remains, as it long has been, a striking challenge to the Christian forces of North America.

n is one of the republics on the ""Vestern continent in which they have invested the least. Its social, moral and spiritual needs have cried out more loudly and more insistently than have those of any other country to the south of the Rio Grande, but they have had no answer save the echo of their own crying.

This does not mean that no Christian work has been done within the country. Both the American and British Bible Societies are represented, and, in addition, the "Gospel and Missionary Union," of Kansas, of which Mr. George Fisher was for many years the head. The "Christian and Missionary Alliance," founded by Dr. Simpson, has sent out a number of workers," and the "Seventh Day Adventists" now have a small work in Quito and exert considerable influence through the sale of literature. A number of Independents have • The Christian and Missionary Alliance has recently sent out four new recruits, thus bringM ing their missiouary staff up to sixteen (eight men and eight women). They also plan to buy property and ere<::t a. .building for QUito which will include chapel, primary- school, book and! press room, and two missionary homes. The reinforcements have been sent with reference to extension wol"'k in the unoccupied region from Quito northward to the Colombia border.

ECUAVOR- A MISHIOXARY CIlALI,ENGE

also wrought with utter loyalty to the truth as they have conceived it, but a lack of financial support has cut the nerve of effort of aU these workers and but little impact has been made on the country as a whole. A census of the evangelicals in Ecuanor, exclusive ()f foreigners, after a qua.rter of a century of this desultory labor, would n{lt give a total of more than 75 persons, and the value of all Protestant church property can not exceed a few thousand dollars.

Anyone of the strong Boards going into Ecuador will find the doors wide open to all forms of sane missionary endeavor, but educational and social work would be the best methods of approach at the beginning. School s a re needed, as the above statistics show- HEADQUARTEllS OF ~'HE CHRTSTTAN AND MTsSrONARY ALLIAN~E IN MONTECRISTO ECUADOR • especially a good school for girls– and could be immediately opened in the larger centers with every probability of almost complete selfsupport. In this way, as in no other, the influential classes could be reached and their sympathy secured for a wider programme of service. Hospitals and dispensaries would be welcomed by all and would pave the way for the opening of evangelistic work throughout the country. Cooperation with the forces already on the field would conserve the effort already expended and avoid friction through the introduction of new workers. The work among the Indians should be treated as special and would demand a large number of industrial schools. This is such an important and difficult problem that it must be left to a separate article.

While in Ecuador on a recent visit the writer had the privilege of meeting a number of the influential citizens, including the newly

elected President, and of discussing with them the possibility of introducing well-organized evangelical work into the country. Without exception these men showed interest in the plan and expressed their desire to help in any way possible. 'rhe President, as he concluded the interview, said, "Count on me, officially as well as privately, for any help you or those whom you represent may need in carrying out any programme that tends to ennoble and elevate the' people of my land." This same sentiment was expressed by others who occupy less exalted positions, but with the same seeming earnestness and good will.

About one hundred years ago, .Tames Thomson, Scotchman, representative of the Lancasterian Schools and the British and Foreign Bible Society, entered Ecuador and, after spending some time in Quito, wrote his Boards in London, as follows: "The present is a very interesting and very critical period for this country. Much, very much, may be done at present, through prudent and zealous means, to instruct and confirm the wavering and even, perhaps, bring back those who have apostatized from the faith. If these measures were connected with instruction, as far as can be done, regarding the true principles and practices of Christianity, as taught in the Holy Scriptures, a very plentiful harvest, through the blessing of God, might be reaped. If it should please the Lord to spare me and to enable me to reach my native land in safety, I trust that I shall find many ready to lend their aid towards such a sacred object."

The challenge thrown out by Thomson, a hundred years ago, was not accepted by the evangelical Christianity of Great Britain, and is now passed on to the Christi~n forces of North America.

Converted Priests in Brazil O VER sixty years ago, when the first Presbyterian mission- aries arrived in Brazil, they came into contact with a priest named Jose Manuel de ConQei'Qao. He soon discovered that his own beliefs were more in conformity with their teachings than with those of the Roman Church. He therefore affiliated himself with the newcomers, and was admitted to membership.

Four former Roman Catholic priests are now ministers of the Protestant Church in Brazil. The older one, Rev. Hippolyto de Campos, has been for many years a devoted pastor in thEl Methodist Church. The two standing have recently been converted. One of them, Sr. Ziller, is now an instructor in Granberry College. The most notable of the recent accessions is probably Dr. Victor Coelho de Almeida, a member of two of the best families of Brazil,. So greatly has the priesthood fallen into disrepute that it is now largely composed of men of foreign origin, Italian, German, and French.

.Dr. Victor Coelho de Almeida went abroad for his education,

1924J CONVERTED PRIESTS IN BRAZIL

spending seven years in Rome and on his return at the age of 24, he was appointed Rector of the Theological Seminary of the Diocese of Rio de Janeiro. After several years in this post, he became vicar of an important parish in the center of the city, where he was most active and untiring in the discharge of his duties. He was a member of the Papal Council of Vigilance, a secret body of seven, presided over by the Cardinal Archbishop. He founded the Catholic organ" A Uniao" and in 1910 was a delegate to the Church Congress at Milan.

In 1913 he bega'n to realize how far from the spirit of the Gospel were the religious leaders he had followed. A close study of the New Testament heightened this conviction so that he resigned from all his offices and withdrew from the priesthood. For five years he supported himself by teaching in an interior town. In Holy Week of 1919, he had returned to Rio and seeing in the secular press a notice of services in the Presbyterian Church, he and his wife attended. At the close of the service, he introduced himself to Rev. Alvaro Reis and was soon afterward received into the membership of the church. Later he was accepted as a candidate for the ministry, and was ordained, after giving ample evidence of his sincere piety and knowledge of the teachings of Jesus. His address, stating his reasons for leaving the Roman Catholic priesthood, was published in the secular papers and made a profound impression. Dr. Victor is now one of the professors in the Union Theological Seminary of Rio de Janeiro and is greatly used as an evangelist.

FOUR FORMER ROMAN CATHOLIC PRIESTS IN BRAZIL, NOW MEMBERS OF THE EVANGELICAL CHURCH

One Missionary Works in

BY REV. CHARLES ERNEST SCOTT, D.D., TSINAN FU, SHANTUNG Missionary o·f the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., 1906· – ; Author of "Answered Prayer in China," "China from Within," Etc.

I T would seem as if there is no valid reason, according to the Bible standard, for any missionary of Christ to be in China, unless he is, in spirit, what Dr. Hunter Corbett called "incorrigibly evangelistic. "

Keeping such an ideal in mind, and realizing the appalling lostness of the soul of the Chinese race, one will be constantly on the lookout for evangelistic opportunities. That "motif" will determine how one does his work. The evangelistic itinerat0r has extraordinary experiences-dramatic or bizarre, sometimes amusing, pathetic or instructive; frequently sorrow-bringing, sometiines exciting, but always interesting.

I I On the road" the evangelistic missionary may expect some unusual invitations, strange habitations, in out-of-the-way places. The method of procedure is largely determined also by the physical and spiritual condition of his field; whether it be on the plain or among the mountains; crossed by wide, bridgeless rivers or mountain tOrTents. Is his work among monks and merit-working devotees ~ Does it take him into big' walled cities among' the gentry and literati; into the yamens of magistrates and officials; to the merchants and crowds in market towns; to the semi-annual temple fairs; or to the villages, where he learns the intimate life of people ~ However great the variety of circumstances and settings, his purpose will be constant, like Paul's: "By all means tu save some."

Among the country folk in China sights and happenings are always new. The missionary can be led into the most amazing and undreamed-of revelations of Chinese life. These often mean new openings for the Gospel if the missionary is keen to see and to seize them.

Never was the foolishness of the mere worldly wisdom illustrated more clearly than when a prominent official of a foreign government recently told an audience of missionaries in China that they were wasting their lives upon "unimportant people" when they sought to convert and educate peasants, villagers, and the like, in place of devoting their energies to reaching "key people," men of importance, like gentry and literati and officials. It is the same fallacy that led Constantine and Charlemagne astray. This official did not know that the evangelist :who has probably won more Chinese students than any other human· to the Christian ministry was formerly an ordinary urchin in an unknown village and won to Jesml by a missionary showing interest in him.

894- A TRA VIJlLTNG BAND OF' PREACHERS OF THF: CHIN,ESE CHRISTIAN CHURCH IN SHANTUNG Tilt' on e marked X iH Mr. Li Fu H s iang, a s trong Christian l eude r

The necessary thing for the missionary is to get close to people "on the road," or in the villages and to bear witness to Christ in faith that no seed planted in love and prayer will come to naught.

Let none think that the time for personal evangelism in mis~ sionary work is passing away or ought to pass, in favor of the so-called "larger statesmanship of missions," such as is seen in large educational and institutional work, with more elaborate equip~ ment. The surface of the problem of evangelizing China has as yet hardly been scratched-vast regions are still touched by the Gospel; many villages and market towns are still unvisited; even great and ancient walled cities have not yet been entered. There is 'much land yet to be possessed. Some of the methods that God has used in China to win men and women to Christ will best show how a missionary works to plant the good Seed and to gather the fruit.

One April I was in a village, where lived a boy, not a Christian, but an inquirer, who was home from our high school for Easter vacation. A foreigner had never been in his home and as usual his parents were pleased to have a call from one interested in their son. The size of the compound, the tiled roofs, and the number of courts through which I was escorted, indicated that the family was in good circumstances. The scrolls on the wall of the guest room and the books revealed the home of a man educated after the "old style of learning. " I soon realized that the father was a leader of the local gentry and learned that he and some of his forebea-rs had been military officials. Responding to my questions about the bows of beautiful workmanship that were in evidence I found that archery was his hobby. Here was a lead that I eagerly followed, questioning him about ancient warfare: the "archer infantry, cavalry, and artillery, " and the methods by which men became efficient. We took. down some of the bows and strung them. They were bl1ilt for men of different strength-a 150 pound or a 200 pound man bow. The father was greatly pleased that a Westerner, from the land of superior weapons, was interested in his "lost art." He had led a local defense guard, armed with bows, in the Boxer uprising of 1900. When I proposed that he should take me out and teach me to shoot according to Chinese canons he was delighted, and resurrected conventional targets for our practice. My lessons from the Indians in Michigan stood me in good stead and his respect grew when I could shoot farther than he. We returned after each trial to the guest room to sip tea and talk. Thus he learned the "Jesus Doctrine" and ultimately the whole family, under his lead, came into the church.

It was November when, in Shantung, it usually rains and is cold. My barrow man and donkey and "country cook" and I were pegging steadily along the road early one morning on an all-day's tramp when it began to drizzle and the road, much of the way, became a lake of ooze. The barrow man, of the Ting? Clan, persevering and

HOW ONE MISSIONARY WORKS IN CHINA

good-natured, could no longer progress at our pace, so that the cook and I decided to push on ahead. Late in the evening, famished, soaked and chilled, we floundered into the village, only to be met by a pack of village dogs–cannibals all. Having finally found the inn, we pounded repeatedly at the door; but at the sound of the first knock, out went the light-fearing robbers. At this stage of rebuff a wolfish creature leaped at the cook, bit his right calf, and tore his trousers. Shivering, hungry, and homesick, he wailed out: "Oh Shepherd! Let us quit this preaching business and go home." His huge frame, his childish wail, his "pinhole parish" viewpoint were all so incongruous that I burst out laughing. At that sound someone on the inside began to open the door. They had caught the word Mu Shih ("Shepherd"), used only of the foreign missionary pastor, and the landlord knew we were not bandits.

It poured for three days and there we were imprisoned with a company of twenty men. The floors, being of earth, became soaked and fouled with mud tramped in from the street or the inn yard. The only dry place was the "kang" (the raised brick platform) and one night th,e big boar, who with the other hogs shifted for himself in the slough (known as the inn yard), tried vigorously to share it with us.

During the ennui following the first day, the guests tired of gambling with their greasy cards, and tired of drink, were swapping rain stories. They pricked up their ears at my story of the flood and of two houses built, one upon the sand and one upon the rock. Some had lost heavily through wine and cards and were prepared to listen to a third story about the young fellow, like them away from home, who spent all that he had in riotous living and then came to himself. The story gripped, especially that part about the forgiving Father for, in Confucian ethics, a father who has been so outraged does not easily welcome back a prodigal. Thus the Gospel gained an entry into several villages to which these men took it–back to their ancestral homes.

One January we were holding a Bible class of leaders in a country village where a prosperous, self-supporting church was host. Before we had started on the daily program a messenger arrived from a distant village to say that the only Christian in that village (also an elder in a newly organized church of which I was the pastor) was the victim of a devilish plot. His younger brother, n heathen, in a fit of rage, had accidentally killed a calf of the rich man of the village, and, without telling the village headmen 01' evell his own brother what he had done, he proceeded to skin it, cut it up, and begin to eat it. Although the church elder had years before divided the paternal inheritance with his younger brother and each had his own house and land, and neither was responsible for the acts of the other j yet the owner of the calf, in his desire for vengeance,

decided to involve both brothers, particularly desiring to ruin the follower of the despised foreign religion. Accordingly he bribed the village headmen, who decreed that the younger brother should be banished to Mongolia (a form of punishment that for hundreds of years had been inflicted only for manslaughter), and that the elder must produce "sorrow money" that would reduce him to beggary.

After consultation and prayer with the leaders at the Bible class it seemed best for me to go and see what could be done. That very morning we were to study the sixth chapter of First Corin- thians-about Christians going to law before heathen judges. Start- ing out early next morning, with a mule which "broke down" inconveniently in the midst of a stream, and left me with wet feet, that trip proved one of the longest, hardest, and coldest foot marches I ever made-also one of the most interesting. The elder carne out many Ii on the road with a lantern in the black night to escort us into his village. The village was all agog with excitement at my arrival, for they said: "No foreign guest has ever before honored our base village with a visit!"

The elder and I prayed earnestly that Saturday night over the case, and in the Sunday services of the church held next day in the elder's yard. Monday we again prayed that the headmen would come, and for guidance when they did arrive. They had promised to call at 8: 00 a. m., but then kept sending word that they would not come at all, and finally to arrive at 11: 00 a. m. They were ill-at-ease, fearful, suspicious, knowing not what to expect from a foreign Shepherd with (as they supposed) all the might of a great Western gov- ernment behind him. From experience with Catholic priests they knew something of "gunboat methods." Many cups of hot tea and a generous supply of peanuts-plus prayer-helped to break the ice.

In his attempt to be at ease, one of the headmen, in a loud raucous voice, asked if I knew Dr. Bergen, an honored senior mis- sionary who, with his wife, opened my then station of Tsingtao, shortly after Prinz Heinrich, with his cruiser squadron, had seized that place for the capital of Germany's imperial colony in China.

I hold them how, while at home on furlough, I had visited Dr. Bergen in a hospital, and how his son had voluntarily given of his blood to save his father's life. At once these Confucianists were filled with interest for their lore abounds with stories of filial acts of children toward their parents-as when the son, in midsummer, lies down at eve, upon the paternal bed, to let the mosquitoes gorge upon his blood, so that, when the venerable father lies down later, the insects may have no energy left nor desire to bore through the skin of the father. But these men had never heard of a son who showed such love as to have his blood drained for his father. Now thev were all admiration and commendation. .

Here was a wonderful lead. The way was open to toll them

1924J HOW ONE MISSIONARY WORKS IK CHINA

about the Son of the living God, who gave not only a little of His blood, but all of it, for tpe life of men in China, for anyone who wishes to be healed of his soul-sickness. Their questions–unconventional, grotesque, realistic, but not irreverent-startled me with their di- rectness, and earnestness. Eagerly and with a prayer for help, I told them of our Ancient Book, showing them the passage (the Chi- nese easily respect a book of morals) about the One, Immanuel-to- Come, from whose wounds on the Cross healing blood had flown. Never did the words of Zechariah seem more apropos or searching: "There shall be a fountain opened for sin and for uncleanness ….. and He shaH speak peace to the heathen." The result of fascinating hours together was that all the difficulties were ironed out. The Holy Spirit had wonderful things in store for these hard-faced men and they soon put through reasonable measures uncompromising to the elder, and just to all concerned. How much better than the yamen method!

Until that day the men, with blind prejudice and unreasoning hate, had tried to cripple our church school in a near-by village-· even scheming to poison the teacher-now they were keen for a school for their own boys-which school we soon established. They were now convinced that we desired only their individual and community welfare. That day the Gospel made great progress in that village.

F AMINE RELIEF J<'EEDS TNTO GOSPEL PROPAGATION In our field we had two evil years, first dry famine, and then flood famine, the latter accentuating the woe of the former. Everywhere villages had become isolated islets, with their inhabitants marooned, with ooze and slime inside and outside of the tumbleddown mud houses, with new stenches and millions of additional Bies penetrating everywhere; with wells poisoned, and the crops drowned, with the tops of gravestones of ancestors below the water line; and with disease and mortality dreadfully increased.

We were able to plan and execute three lines of permanent relief by which thousands of men were employed so that self-resped was preserved and needed engineering was accomplished. This gave us also the evangelistic opportunity with the sturdy heads of some of North China's so-called "village democracy." For years I had coveted such an opportunity with these level-headed, hard-fisted, relatively well-to-do farmer lellders, but they always steered shy of the Westerner, suspecting him of being an agent of foreign governments.

Month after month, as we planned and worked with them for the safety of their acres and the welfare of their clans, it percolated down that we were not trying to injure them but were really their friends. :Many were the opportunities offered me to tell them of the

Lord Jesus Christ, who alone could give men the spirit to desire to help other folks of another race.

Finally the work was completed and, unknown to the foreigner, these headmen planned the presentation of banners and tbe "unveiling" of a memorial. Processions of soldiers and hundreds of village dignitaries and officials came to our chapel for the ceremonies. A magistrate we bad learned to love made an address and they all eagerly listened to a straight presentation of Jesus Christ, His power and claim upon us. I invited them repeatedly, by groups, into my "inner court," and, over tea and cakes, chatted with them about the Gospel, giving them tracts, gospel portions, and otber Biblical literature, also planning Christian schools for their villages! It was a new sensation thereafter, to have such leaders come far out of their villages to meet me when they knew I was coming, and to claim me as their guest, and act as hosts for religious services held in their own houses.

I could not imagine myself going through those two years of terrible wearing famine work for any motive less powerful than love to Christ' and a desire to point men to the Lamb of God. The whole business had turned itself into an evangelistic enterprise and resulted in clearing away fear and doubt, removing well-nigh insane prejudice; implanting respect for our work in their behalf; the enrolling hundreds of inquirers, awakening a desire for Christian schools, loaning and donating buildings for schools and land for chapels, and subscribing money for churches and schools. Thus God "somehow out of evil wrought good."

AN OPPORTUNITY-A FAMINE CAMP. CHINA

of Peking Union Medical

BY JOHN H. KORNS, M.D., DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE, PEKING T HE Peking Union Medical College came from an institution controlled by six cooperating missionary organizations. Its staff was composed wholly of missionary doctors, teachers and nurses. Nearly all of its students were Christians who had had their preliminary training in mission schools. Of the one hundred living graduates fully thirty are now in mission hospitals where they receive less than fifty per cent of what they would get in governmental service. Some have given up their lives in attempting to stamp out pneumonic plague epidemics. On the whole, these men have withstood well the temptations to indulge in quackery or other questionable means of securing money and power. This signifies much in China where the superiority of Western medicine is not generally admitted and where an admixture of superstitious native practices soon makes the young, struggling Western-trained doctors prosperous, whereas strict adherence to IVestern medical ethics often means semi-starvation. Judging, then, by its output in physicians, the former Union Medical College has been a positive Christian force in China.

But what ground for hope is there that this college, metamorphosed into one which stresses the scientific qualifications rather than the doctrinal beliefs of its appointees, will worthily wear the spiritual mantle of its earlier stage?

In taking over the institution for reorganization, the China Medical Board made it clear that the highest ideals of Christian service were to be fostered. At the dedicatory service in Peking last September, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., voiced the purpose of the Board of Trustees of the college when he said, "With the medical missionary boards which have been most zealous in the development of medical missions, and with the work they have undertaken, the Peking Union Medical College wishes at all times to be in most cordial" cooperation. Weare here to supplement, not to supplant, what they are doing, to aid not to impede their efforts. In fullest sympathy with the missionary spirit and purpose, we are desirous of furthering it as completely as may be consistent with the maintenance of the highest scientific standards in the medical school and the best service in the hospital. We would ever show respect to the genuine spiritual aspirations evidenced in service and sacrifice of those who come within our doors whatever their views–for after all is it not a fact that the final test of true religion is the translation of that religion into the highest type of life1"

But perhaps more vital than the hopes of the founder is the 901

character and attitude of the medical faculty-those who make their daily impress on the lives of students and patients. Mr. Rockefeller, in the same address, said: "It is because we believe that the highest character is built upon the deepest spiritual foundations alone that we have sought to bring together a medical faculty not only with the best scientific equipment but possessed at the same time of finest idealism." . In this endeavor the writer believes that the Board has been peculiarly successful. It has drawn freely upon missionary forces. The director came to China as a missionary physician. He is in warmest sympathy with all constructive Christian work and his advice is frequently sought in conferences on Christian education in China, Likewise, the man now in training for the hospital superintendency has been relinquished with great reluctance by a sister missionary hospital. Of the nine major teaching departments, the heads of five have had missionary service in the Orient and a sixth was a student volunteer. "Tith few exceptions, all the non-Chinese clinical men have come to China with motives truly Christian misflionary. It is not too much to say that the teaching staff, as a whole, composed of twenty-two Chinese and fifty-three non-Chinese, embodies along with ~igh scientific attainment and ideals the purpose to exemplify Christian standards of conduct in their relations with the Chinese.

The physical plant of the College, worth $5,000,000 Gold, is almost palatial; the members of the staff are better paid than missionaries in general; their furloughs come at more frequent intervals; they are encouraged and expected to do research work, and their intellectual growth and productiveness determine largely whether they remain with the college. But these conditions do not preclude a lively interest in the character-development of the Chinese who enter as students or patients.

The teaching staff of the Peking Union Medical College includes, besides those from the United States, representatives from Canada, Great Britain and the Continent, and China. They are of many religious denominations and creeds, their background is varied. But they are one in the conviction that this institution should help the Chinese to attain not only modern medical knowledge, not only the desire and ability to augment that knowledge in futUre years, but also the will to use that knowledge always in the service of others.

The Peking Union Medical College, rich in missionary tradition, financed by a Foundation and governed by a Board expecting it to make a distinct contribution to missionary endeavor, staffed by an enthusiastic body of searchers after truth-this college, situated in China's educational as well as political center, has the opportunity of moulding the characters of many of the future leaders of medical science in China.

a..A eua

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721 MV.HJ,EN13ERG BLDG., PHll,ADELPHIA, PA.

VOLUNTEERING-WHY AND HOW? calls which are constantly coming ROBER.T P. WILDER from the field rather than on the real What methods shall he used for the enlist- purpose of the missionary enterprise. ment of volunteers 1 The General Secretary In their commendable zeal to be proof the Student Volunteer Movement i8 the. fessionally qualified and to do the man best qualified to present reasons for work for which this professional trainvolunteering and the method involved. ing fits them, thE'y lost sight of the vocation of the missionary. The real I. Reasons Why Volunteer. Volunteer The stndent generation of the last objective of foreign missions beearne four years has been a keenly critical confused with the methods of doing generation. Alert, inquiring, dissatis- the work; and an undue emphasis was fled with sham and hypocrisy, it has placed upon the professional aspects been hungering for reality, and surg- rather than upon the aim of the enter- ing in its mind have been tides of new prise.

thought and social passion. To pre- Men and women are required for sent a vision to this generation has not missionary work who know .Jesus been an easy task, in one way, for in Christ as personal Saviour and Lord, many instances the spirit of breaking and are so filled with His Spirit that away from the past was inclined to they go forth as His ambassadors.

ignore the potency of the calls opera- The real purpose of the missionary tive in the past. In another way, it enterprise is to give all people an ade- has been easy to challenge this genera- quate opportunity to know Jesus tion, so eager for reality, to heroic sac- Christ as their Saviour and to become rifice and endeavor. 'fhe young folk, His disciples, and to found and build who were hopeful and idealistic, saw up His Church so that it may become, a vision whE're others did not see it.· as soon as possible, self-propagating, Those who had tasted adventure in self-supporting and self-governing.

warfare days and were not daunted Dominated by this compelling motive, by it craved still greater heights to the professional aspects of one's work breast.' Nineteen twenty to nineteen become secoudary-not unimportant, twenty-four has featured a genera- but simply the means to the great end.

tion which is prone to go to extremes. But let us go further back and in- To this student body there came the quire what the reasons are which lead call to volunteer fo~ service in the students to volunteer. They may be mission field. How did this call react involved in influences exerted by fel- on the youth ~ Many were concerned low VoluntE'ers, spiritual friendships, with their particular calling, others admiration for leaders, influence of with the question how to determine Christian home and church, influence the field where they should spend their (If conventions, Christian literature, lives and llse their powers. Yet these study of needs abroad, retreats, hered- were not the main issue–rather, to do ity, etc. Over against these influences, the will of God! pressing toward decision, crowd the We found some candidates putting influences persistently thwarting the the emphasis on the professional quali- Christian life: hidden sin, a habit of fications and others on the specific drifting, indecision, cowardice, and 903

disobedience. Yet all these and many and we wish to bring out the follow- other sins are daily overcome and it ing points. '1'here has been a steady is often the very seriousness and dif- increase in the percentage of Volun- ficulty of the Christian life which teers among the new missionaries re- most urgently calls for victory over cruited. Although the standards of weakness, for in choosing Him as Lord requirements for appointment have we never withdraw ourselves from His gradually heen raised, there has not unerring and pierced hand which in- been a decrease in the number of Vol- variably points to limitless opportuni- unteers. 'rhe societies having the more ties and indescribable need. Those exacting standards tend to have the who have accepted .Jesus Christ as larger percentage of Volunteers. The Saviour and Lord, and have been true Volunteers appointed have had de- to their heavenly vision, have willing- cidedly greater scholastic training.

ly lost themselves in a great and un- In the past ten years, the number selfish cause. of Volunteers appointed who have had In making a study of a number graduate training has steadily in- who had volunteered during the peri- creased. Also, during the same peri- od between the two conventions, Des od, the numher of Volunteers ap- Moines (1920) and Indianapolis pointed who have had only training (1924), the Student Volunteer Move- school preparation, with no college ment found that the strongest reason work, has steadily decreased. There for volunteering is the influence of seems to be an increased tendency to- the Christian home and parents; thJ wards new Volunteers coming from next most potent influence is that of the colleges which have the higher the Church; then comes that exerted scholastic standards.

by friends, by individual Student Judging from reports sent in by Volunteers, meetings, Student Volun- new Volunteers, we see an indication tcer conferences, missionary literature, of their leadership in Christian Asso- returned missionaries, and campus ciations, churches, etc.; these reports agencies, the Y. M.. C. A. and Y. W. also show greater care and intelligence C. A. '1'here are in each person's life on the part of Volunteers in coming two chief causes which bring about to the decision ror foreign work. Fi- the decision to become a foreign mis- nally, the contributions of Volunteers sionary: one is the unconscious cause to the BnHetin, I ntercollegian, and working often from childhood, and " Woman '8 Press," give a favorable the other is the definite occasion when impression.

the deeision is registered, as a meeting, a talk, an act of prayer. Of the II. Methods That Win Volunteers two sexes, girls are more inclined to In estimating what methods are tollow home teaching, to be guided bY' necessary to use to urge volunteering parents' lives, to come to the foreign at the point of direct recruiting for field through betrothal influences. the foreign field, we must take account lVIen, on the other hand, feel their of three considerations.

greatest pull when they enter college, First, we II,lust bring before the Vol- and are modeled by influences sensed unteer the need on the foreign field, there: flojends, roommates, meetings, and lay emphasis also on the compara- retreats. tive need. Second, we must bring Viewed from the point or view of before students a sizing up of their an organized recruiting agency like own ability. Students are apt to look the Student Volunteer lVIovement, an upon the foreign mission field as far interesting study can be made con- removed from anything they know or cerning the quality or those who vol- have known. We try to bring before unteer. We strongly believe that their attention the concrete needs on progress is ('ontinually being made in the field, hence the use of the January improving the quality or Volunteers, issue of our Student Volunteer Bul·

1 BEST METHODS

letin is much to be commended, for it AMERICANS AND CHINESE RESI. gives the lists of callings issued by the Boards. A science student said to me DENTS IN AMERICA a few days ago, "When I first felt an urge to go to the field, I wondered E. L. T'AO where there would be need for a highly trained scientist, one who was in- The discussion of the questions of the optercsted in the very theoretical aspect~ portunities of American Christians in their of pure science. 1 felt that this was daily relationships with the thousands of my big gift to lay before the Lord. Chinese residents in America has aroused Yet I was troubled for fear there'd much interest. Here unquestionably is one be no demand for that gift on the of the best methods of work growing out of field. Marvelously the way was the interest aroused by the year's study of opened, and I now go a willing Stu- Ghina. dent Volunteer to serve my Master in my own calling on the glorious for- Miss 'r 'ao is one of the group of one eign mission field." hundred and seventy students who sailed from Shanghai to America in 1923. Her In the third place, I would stress article was written during the summer from the fact that there is no hope of get- Northfield, Mass., during her own happy ting the right kind of Volunteer un- experience of close friendship with many less there has been a great and deep leaders of American Christianity, while she spiritual experience, because without was privileged to be the guest of Mrs. A. G. the loyalty to Christ we cannot expect Moody. . volunteering, and even if a few Volunteers are secured without emphasiz- In the fall of 1923, a group of Chiing that appeal they will hardly be nese students said goodbye to the land worth the sending. One candidate of their fathers and sailed from secretary of a Board said recently, Shanghai for America. As their boat, "We had a nne girl candidate for a S. S. ProsidMlt Jackson, left the wharf, nurse on the field. She was well the goodbye messages of their friends brought up, came of a fine local fam- sounded in their ears and they ily, had sterling education. and a strained their eyes to catch the wavbroad world outlook. I asked hel' ing of handkerchiefs and hats until about her spiritual qualifications, how they fadf)d away in the distance, and . deep were her beliefs, and she an- their fathers and mothers returned: to swered that on those lines she felt a their homes thinking of the great suclittle weak. Of r.onrse, she was bound ('ess their sons and daughters would up in her profession, and she would have in America with the good fortune havc done us credit on the field from of an excellent education. that point of view. but as for aiding the cause of her Saviour, she could They spoke together of the spirit of not make us feel confident in sending friendliness between America and 'her, and we did not." China, and their hopes were high for their sons and daughters who were When interviewed on these lines I now sailing away for that land of usually ask students to search dili- which they had heard so much. gently for the intersection of these three lines: first, what does the Word The group of about one hundred of God teach; second. providences, and seventy students reached Amernot only the need and comparative ica, land of their dreams, and immedineed, but advice of friends, effect of ately became learners, inspectors, example on oth'"rs, etc.; and finally imitators. Everything they saw was prayer. 'When these three lines inter- given place in their memory. The sect and agree, I say by all means go Chinese have a proverb, "If one into foreign missionary work. touches red color he becomes red. If one keeps in touch with black color he 4 will be black." This helps to answer the question: how may Americans be helpful to Chinese residents in Amer- ica Y I am among those who have been helped by many American friends by sincere hospitality and kind entertain- ment in American homes. But I have

privileges that many other Chinese them to church and had happy friendstudents do not have, because I came ships. When I came East I lived in from a Christian university in China, the dormitory, studied in the library, and personal friends there have writ- and went back and forth to the classten to their friends in America. I find rooms and that was all." that people who have traveled in the Orient are always more interested The people of America enjoy the in people from Oriental lands than pleasures of their Saturdays and Sunare those who have simply read of days, but most of the Chinese students them in books. Usually the people I know in America dread those days who have done much for mission work because then they are so very homeare interested in malting personal friendships with students from the sick. lands in which their missions are lo- "Happy Friday Night," "Joyous cated. Such personal friendships mean much. I have learned that many Chi- Saturday," "Glorious Sunday mornnese boys and girls have told their ing" welcomed by American students parents and friends at home about are often dreaded by the students their great good fortune to be study- from China and they often spend all ing in America because they have had the time in the library trying to lose the privilege of being entertained in themselves in work. Christian homes and making friendships in the Christian churches of Possibly you can invite some stu- America. I want to emphasize that dent to your home for the week-end friendship between America and or if that is too much you can give China depends upon Christian people him much pleasure by inviting him to on both sides of the Pacific Ocean. dinner, or asking him to come on Sunday morning for a little visit be- Unfortunately, my experience is fore the church service begins. He not shared by all Chinese students would appreciate being at your family who come to America. One student I evening prayers, and sharing with you know was in America for several years some of the privileges of Christian life without ever being a guest in an American home. When he stud,ied in in YOul' home. a large city, he ate all of his meals in May I prt'sent some observations a Chinese restaura.nt. He had almost no American friendships. After he gleaned from my own experience and completed his course he took the first those of other Chinese students in boat back to China. What about his Americ.a? point of view of America and his personal interest in friendship between 1. Personal friendship is the founthe two nations ~ dation of the bridge that spans the Pacific. Ocean. If we have genuine Perhaps he was to blame that he personal friendships they will not be did nothing to get in close touch with broken by outside rumors. The prac- Americans but he felt timid about tice of real Christianity will solve pomaking advances and Americans made litical, economical and social, as well no advances to him. as religious problems.

Another student told me that he 2. Genuine hospitality of American liked people in the West better than people means more to the Chinese those in the East. than they can possibly express. It is a strong link in the building of the "Vhy do you say that ~" I asked. bridge of friendship. On the other "Because," he answered, "when I side of the ocean, the Chinese are folfirst came to America I studied in the lowing the example set by Ameriean 'Vest for a year, and there some of Christians and are opening the doors the people in the churches invited me of their homes to American residents to their homes. I began to go with in China.

3. Helping Chinese residents to be- come aSf'lociated wit h American churches is an important work. The aim of missionary work in foreign

BEST METHODS

lands is to spread the ideals of Jesus 1. Interest some of your members Christ over the world, but Christian jn learning to know the Chinese resi- people who send much money beyond dents in your community.

the ocean sometimes fail to see the 2. Have a special committee of your many chances right in front of their ('hurch to do some special work for own door to preach Christ's Gospel Chinese residents in your community, of Love. town or state. Often they have no 4. Kindness is one of the great gifts meeting place where they can get to- in the personality of Jesus Christ. get~er. Invite them to meet in a Sun- There is nothing more valuable than day-school room of your church to a word or It deed of kindness. One of learn to know each other, to talk with tbe Chinese proverbs says, "A kind each other about their beloved land word keeps people warm for three and about their acquaintances. Often centuries" and another, "An unkind there are Chinese children born in word makes people feel cold even America who understand little of con- though it is in the summer." Chinese ditions in the land of their fathers.

residents in America appreciate your We students who have lately come to kindness according to your customs America would be glad to have a and we ask your pardorc if sometimes chance to meet with them and help because of the difference of customs them to understand China today.

and OUI" ignorance of your ways we Such meetings would be in no sense seem unappreciative and impolite. l1ll-American and if the church helped 5. Frankness is of great importance to make these opportunities, such in building our friendship. Accord- gatherings might readily develop into ing to our he.redity, training and en- Hible (,lasses, and interest Chinese vironment some of your customs and resilleuts in church attendance.

traditions seem exceedingly queer and 8. Could the tr11stees of your Y. M.

funny. On the other hand, our most C. A. or Y. W. C. A. arrange for a precious customs and traditions may Chinese department so that your memo seem absurdly queer to you. We bel'S eould know China and the Chi- should have kind frankness with each nese better and Chinese in Ameriea other. There is a Chinese proverb could be hrought together for confer- which means "Under Heaven, one ence?

family. " We are all the children of 4. Take a few minutes each week God, and we want your help and your to pray for China and for Chinese kind, frank and friendly criticism. l'8siclents in America.

6. Clcar understanding of each Personally, I am most grateful that, other's backgro11nd means so much in during the past summer, which was building friendship. You have a his- my first in Ameriea, I have been tory of which you are justly proud. privileged to be a guest in more than China's civilization reaches back five American bomes. The sincere through centuries and while there are hospitality that I have received fills many things for us to learn from you, my heart with g'ratitude and makes the history and the traditions of our me think of many of my Chinese past are most preeious to us. friends and fellow students who may 7. 'l'he love of Jesus Christ make~ have been lonely during the long sum- possible the way of peace and friend- mer vacation and there comes to me a ship. Because wc love Him, we love hope that there are in your great land each other and, in the principles of Ameriea so many Christians of an which He has given, our two great internationa~ mind and heart that republics must build their friendship. possibly they too have been the guests Church leaders have asked me how of Christian friends.

American Christians can help Chi- As I sit in that center of world nese residents in America. I will Christian influence, the home of Mrs.

make four practical suggestions: Moody at Northfield, I drop my pen

to raise my heart in gratitude and of Chinese students with Christianity thanksgiving to God for this beautiful has not been the same during student scenery of nature which surrounds me, days in China. The Chinese mission for the dear Christian friends in school student usually knows a great America, and for the love of God in deal about Christianity. Bible study, Christ Jesus. chapel service and Christian teachers have given a thorough understanding I shall tell my people what Chris- of Christian teaching and practice. tianity is. Many students from mission schools have been surprised to find that such INTERPRETING CHRISTIANITY TO activities are generally not so promi- nent in an American college. Other CHINA students have been educated in remote provincial capitals where they have EDWARD II. LOCKWOOD learned little of Christianity, while some, who have been in other govern- Is it possible for men and women who ment 'schools, have, through friendcannot go to the mission field actually to do ship with missionaries or other Chrisas much for th(' evangelization of the world tian people, come to have a good as do those who cross the seas? Mr. Edward knowledge of Christian teaching. This H. Lockwood, Executive Secretary of the is usually true of the large group of Committee on Friendly Relations Among students who come from Tsing H wa Foreign Students holds that it is, and sug· College in Peking, where the indemgests methods of work. nity students study.

Christian men and women in Amer- One fourth of the two thousand Chiica need to do more than has been nese college students in America are uone in past years to extend friend- now members of the Protestant Chrisship with 'these students are very tiau ChuI'c:g., according to the estimate American life to the more than two of the Chinese Students' Christian thousand Chinese students who will Association. Nearly all of them have be spending the coming college year united with the Church before arrival in this country. This is an oppor- in t.his country, and very few won to tunity for. the extension of Christ's Christ during their period of study teaching which will probably not here. It is also true that few Amercome to the people of any other gen- ican students unite with the Church eration, and the possibilities of friend- during college days and largely for ship with these students are very the same reasons. But there are addigreat. The~e Chinese students will be tional reasons why Chinese students back in their home countries in a very do not unite with the Church in Amerfew years with a training which will ica. It is difficult to worship in a cause many of them eventually to oc- foreign language and even a master cupy places of influence there. Op- of a foreign language finds it is not posed to the Church, they can easily easy to get spiritual satisfaction in block much of the work of the foreign public worship conducted in a foreign missionary, but united with that mis- tongue. sionary, great strides may be made in making China Christian. It is no ex- It is also true that Chinese students, aggeration to say that the missionary in recent years, have been more criteause must fail unless a large number ical of the failure of Christianity to of the Chinese students who visit this correct the more glaring defects in country return home convinced of the our Western social order. This crititruth of Christ's teaching. cislll has become more marked since the World War.The crime reports in How many of the two thousand Chi- the newspapers, the divorce evil, nese college students in America will child labor, racial prejudices and return home advocates of Christian- other evils are observed and there is ity 1 No definite answer can be made to this question. The impressions made upon Chinese students by our American life are varied. This is partly due to the fact that the contact

10241 BEST METHODS

enough evidence for a conclusion that students who have accepted its hospi- Christianity is a failure if the ob- tality. Some of these guests were server inclines that way. There are students in this country twenty years certain Western writers who have pub- ago and now occupy places of in- licly made announcement of such con- fluence in China. clusions. To those living in the Orient, rflligion is not ~o much an individual It should be pointed out that an as a Rocial matter. Religion expresses American wishing to be a friend to a itself in gronp action. For this reason, Chinese must free himself from any it does not avail much to point out to feeling of racial superiority and recog- the Oriental student that the evils of nize the great qualities of the race our social order are opposed to Chris- from which the Chinese corne. Any tian teaching. The Chinese student is spirit of condesension a.nd pity on the likely to think that Christianity is part of the Ameriean immediately failing to the extent that social evils makes impossible a.n exchange of are existent. friendship. 'rhose who have met Chinese students as equals have re- Another factor to be considered by ceived as well as given, as hundreds those who wish to get the viewpoint of American men and women can of the Chinese student is his resent- testify. ment over what he considers unfair reports of life in his country by mis- The Chinese Students' Christian sionaries and travelers. Such reports Association was organized in 1907 and as give only the dark side of Chinese all Chinese students who are in sym- . life have aroused the antagonism and pathy with the Christian purpose are resentment of the Chinese student. A eligible for membership. In schools Yale Chinese ~tudent kept a scrap book where a sufficient number of these stu- of the lurid headlines of newspaper dents are found, a local unit is crime reports saying that he would formed, affiliated with the Association. nse this to show his people the state of civilization in America. This was The C. S. C. A. is a self-governing unfair but no more so than the report organization, raising much of its own of a missionary or traveler who, in a finances and making its own policies. desire to make a case or create inter- The present general secretary is Paul est, may give a one-sided picture of Meng, a recent graduate of Drew life in China. 'rheological Seminary. He has been a government indemnity student and We have stories of pioneer mission- has the honor of bearing the same aries who have given their lives to the llame as the Chinese sage, Mencius. missionary canse. Ve need to know It is interesting that the Chinese Gov- of those people in America who have ernment has a.llowed one of its stu- never lived on foreign soil but whose dents to take his work in theology in homes have been centers of friendship this countrv. for generations of Chinese students, many of whom are returned to their Through' the activity of the C. S. own country and are living lives of C. A., Chinese students are urged to usefulness became of the friendship take advantage of all opportunities to which some American home has given know the bellt side of American life, them. An interesting history could to attend summer conferences, to be written of many such hom~s. In a ('nter the churches and to unite for New Englanrl college town where over Christian service. It is affiliated with a per,iod of yearn many Chinese stu- the Committee on Friendly Relations dents carne for study, a man and his Among J:;~oreign Students at 347 wife were host and hostess to all those Madison Avenne, New York City. who would come to them. .In a guest book which is now in that home are Any account of the life of Chinese the names and photographs of those students in this country must take account of the good work already done by the Student Christian Associations, the churches and individuals who

have thrown open their homes to about them? These ehildren had ex- Chinese students. What is needed is aminations on what they could find an enlargement of the number of those out about China from pictures. And who are not content with prayers and it was fun for them. Soon they began giving to missions abroad, but who to bring in pictures, and clippings, take notice of the missionary oppor- and books about things Chinese.

tunity within the gates of this country They visited the laundryman to and give such friendship to Chinese learn how to say certain words. A students as will lead these makers Chinese student came to speak in of the New China to put Christ first Camden, and they went in a body to in thought and action. Many men and hear him and check up on their pro· women, without leaving their homes, nunciation. A little Chinese boy who can do as much or more for the cause had gone to school with them became of Christ than if they spent their suddenly a person of interest. The lives in a foreign land. scoffing boy who, when he first came to the circle, would say, "Aw, I don't TRY THESE PLANS "ant to have nothing to do with Various workers from various churches tell Chinks. They knife you, " announced of the methods they have tried and pro- proudly a few days later that the nounced good. Chinese were publishing a paper long China and a City Church before America was discovered. And so eighteen children, who There are certain children in Cam- might have spent their days playing den, New J·ersey, who can tell you in thf' city streets, have been thinking· remarkable facts about China; they China this summer.

can give you the Chinese wordBi for "When's church going to open this man, and for beast, and for God. They fall?" they ask the director. "Can't can sing "Jesus Loves Me" in recog- we study some other country like nizable Chinese. They have discov- that?' , ered that while the laundrymen in Camden speak one tongue, Mr. Lee Missionary Education in the County Fair from Drew Seminary speaks another.

Proudly they will tell you why the "This booth is like an oasis in the laundrymen they know in Camden desert, " said a leading citizen of speak Cantonese, and why lIfr. Lee Ijewistown, Pa., as he stood before the speaks Pekinese. They know about booth designed and conducted by the Chinese customs; about Chines~ Interdenominational Missionary Com- schools; they have written a play mittee. By the desert he did not mean about the lives of two doctors, Dr. Ida the exhibits of the County Fair at Kahn and Dr. Mary Stone. And the which he saw the booth but the weary explanation is this: Thc church really stretches of church work with no in- didn't have enough money to run a terdenominational cooperation.

Daily Vacation Bible School. But Some Mifllin County women said, there was one full-time staff worker when they read in the MISSIONARY RE- at the church who saw tbe children on VIEW the ~uggestions for a missionary the streets with nothing to do now exhibit in the County Fair, "Why that school was over. She grasped can't we do that?"

her opportunity and formed the China "Wc can," was the answer which Friendship Circle. assembled representatives of Baptist, She gathered in all the pictures, aU T.Jutheran, Methodist, Presbyterian, the stories, all the games she could United Pl'er;byterian and Reformed find from China. And the children churches for the purpose of putting started a circle that met five times a on a missi(;mary exhibit at the Mifflin week for six weeks. Have you seen County l!'air.

pictures of China-and then forgotten It worked. There was a booth with

BEST METHODS

mIssIOnary maps, charts and posters. visited the booth was stirred to emula- 'rhe Student Volunteer Movement tion, "There is no reason why that furnished posters in sufficient quan· can't be done in our County Fair," tities to allow of the display of new he said as he went home to do it. ones each day and thousands of Fair visitor;; were halted by the striking A missionary leader from another sentences, giving facts and figures. state took careful notes and went home to work out similar plans. The various cooperating denominations furnished sample literature in The 'cost which was very small was large quantitie8, including leaflets, provided by a gift of $10 from each telling of the progress of missions, at- cooperating church. tractive missionary stories and various other types of literature. It was esti- Getting Men to Read Missionary mated that more than five thousand packets, containing from six to fifteen Books leaflets each, were distributed. The Presbyterian Board of Foreign There were full exhibits of curios Missions is conducting an interesting and articles illustrative of the life and experiment in an effort to persuade a customs in various mission lands, on large number of representative laydisplay. Several foreign missionaries, men of the denomination to read miswho were home on furlough, cooper- sionary books. 'fhe Board has reated by appearing in costume at the cently purchased 500 copies of the booth and telling of the achievements B~~siness of Missions by Dr. Cornelius and the needs of missions, as large and interested ·groups gathered around s. Patton and is presenting them to them. 500 selected laymen scattered through- Girls of the churches of the county out the country, on the following conalso added to the interest by wearing ditions: costumes of mission lands and assisting in distributing literature and giv- 1. That each man who receives the book ing information. will read it through; It is not possible to estimate the in- 2. That he will communicate with the fluence of the venture. The gate re- Board or with one of its District ceipts for the fair showed that 40,000 officers, and give his opinions and people had been admitted. Some of impressions of the book; the literatlue that was distributed may have been dropped on the ground 3. That he will then pass the book on to either before or after it was read; another layman with the request that some of the people who passed the he, in turn, read the volume and booth may forget the messages of the make written comments on what he posters and of the missionaries, but has read. thousands of leaflets were taken home and read and thousands of men, wom- In this way, it is hoped that an en and children will never forget some endless chain of lay readers of the of the impreSRions that were received. book may be started.

Among the other activities, sub· Although the volume is just being scriptions to the MISSIONARY REVIEW distributed, replies are already being and Everyland were taken and much received by the Board. In one subinterest was aroused in mission study, urban church, eight men who had stewardship and Bible classes. A seldom, ii' ever, read a missionary minister from another county who book, read the Business of Missions, and expressed their surprise over the scope of the missionary enterprise from the business standpoint. The Board feels confident that this method of enlistment of the interest of busi- ness men in world-wide missions will bring unusual results.

and Foreign Missions

COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS AND FEDERA'l'ION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF .F'OREIGN :MrSSIONS HIS LAMPS mothers and grandmothers we think ,eYE ARE THE LIGHT OF THE WORLD" it would have to be extended to about His lamps are- we, 80 to take in all who love Everyland. To shine where He shall say; And lamps are not for sunny rooms, The price is. $1.50 a year; in groups of five, $1 a year. It comes monthly Nor for the light of day; But for dark places of the earth, with the exception of the two summer Where shame and wrong and crime have months when children usually take a vacation. birth, And for the murky twilight gray, Where wandering sheep have gone astray. 'fhere is no magazine in the world . And where the lamp of faith grows dim, at all like it. 'I.'he children write to And souls are groping after Him. say there is none so good in their And as sometimes a flame we see, opinion. Why do not fathers and Clear shining, through the night So dark we cannot see the lamp- mothers, grandmothers. and grandfa- But only see the Jight- thers, aunts and uncles, Sunday- So may we shine, His love the :flame, school teachers, superintendents and That men may glorify His name. ministers pay attention to this great -Annie John-son FUnt.

Copyrighted by Evangelical Publlshers, To- agency for world missions and world ronto, Canada. Used by permission of the peace 1 Children do not know what author and publishers. race prejudice is. 'fhat is an acquired EVERYLAND prejudice. They need never know it The Magazine of World Friendship if we will teach them, as we try to do in Everylrmd, the splendid qualities 'Ve have not competed for the prizes of the various races and the beauty of announced by Mr. Bok and Mr. Filene. friendship for all.

We have, however, we think, answered their question regarding the possi- SISTERHOOD OF SERVICE bilities of a fri.endly world through our plan of educating the boys and The glow of life around us, girls through a fascinating magazine The star of Hope hefore, In sisterhood of service which makes them really acquainted Vve count our mercies 0 'er. with their contemporaries. through all One thought, the love of Jesus, the lands of the earth and the islands of the sea. One consecrated aim, We light a torch in darkness, And toil in His dear Name.

. Everyland has been adopted by No lines of caste divide us, some or the leading Boards of Home and Foreign Missions as their maga- No "hoice of East or West, zine for hoys and girls. Is it yours? We leave the place of lahor To Him who knoweth hest.

Young people from 8 to 16 delight in In little self-denials, its pages and contribute to its Ex- In prayer on bendca knee, change. There are many protests from the 1(i-year-old high school group In word or work we answer that they do not want to stop at 16. The Master's "Follow Me." Mrs. Cronk, the editor of the Everyland Exchange has written to ask if o Master, give Thy hlessing, the age could be extended. Judging All d guide us as we try In sisterhood of service To lift Thy banner high. Let not 'I'hy kingdom tarry, from some of the letters received from Nor let ·it suffer loss, Speed on the day of glory, Everyland is $1.50 a year; 5 subscriptions The Conquest of the Cross! for $5.00. Send for sample copy to Everyland~ -Margaret E. Sanggter. West Medford, Mass.

91~ WHAT CONSTITUTES A MISSION. United States border, I could learn of only one mission for Chinese in ARY CHURCH? Mexico, at Tampico, in connection with the Y. M. C. A. work in the oil One missionary conference answer- fields on the East Coast. So far nothed as follows: ing has been done for the Christiani- zation and Americanization of these It should: Chinese. A team of one missionary 1. Have a program of missionary education. speaking Cantonese, and one Canto- 2. Have 11 missionary committee or depart· nese preacher, could accomplish much by a tactful presentation of Chris- ment. tianity to these groups. 3. Be interested in the entire Kingdom. 4. Support 11 missionary. "There are only a few hundred 5. Practice the habit of praying for mis· Japanese on the West Coast–fifteen to fifty in each of the principal cities sionaries. -but most of them are in influential 6. Encourage visits of missionaries. positions, as doctors and dentists for 7. Have a missionary budget. the Mexican people. One has a dairy 8. Have missionary education in the Sun- of one hundred cows and supplills the city of Hermosillo. A considerable day-school. proportion of these Japanese are 9. Have missionary education in the young Christians. A Mexican minister and I visited a Japanese doctor in his home, people's society. and his wife played the piano and 10. Have missionary education for boys and sang 'God Be With You' in Jap- anese, while the Mexican sang it in girls. Spanish and I in English. One of 11. Have study classes for all church de· our Japanese pastors in California has undertaken a mission through corres- partments. pondllnce to the fifty or more Jap- 12. Have missionary reading courses for aU anese whose names and addresses I secured. " grades. 13. Have a missionary library. Some investigation has been made 14. Have missionary programs. also by Dr. Hinman in regard to 15. Have 11 missionary magazine table. Chinese students in America. He 16. Have a missionary magazine club. says: "The Chinese Students' Chris- 17. Use missionary dramatics. tian Association reports that there 18. Give a missionary stereopticon lecture. are more than 2,000 Chinese students 19. Have a missionary room. in America and 1,580 of them are on 20. Send delegates to summer conferences or its active mailing list. There are Chinese Y. M. C. A.'s in Boston, New assemblies. York, Chicago, Seattle and San Fran- 21. Hold Life-Service meetings. cisco, the latter established twelve years and enrolling 750 members. Heaven doth with us as we with torches do, The two thousand students are scat- Not light them for themselves; for if our tered widely through the colleges and nearly a hundred of them are taking virtues: practical training in the Ford factory Did not go forth of us, 'twere all alike in Detroit. Information in regard to As if we had them not. thll Chinese in America is fast being -Shakespeare in "Me'asure for Measure." made available. Attention has been called to the large and progressive SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS Chinese community in New York through the publication of a book De Land, Fla., Feb. 1-6, 1925. 'The Real Chinese in America,' by a Mrs. W. J. Harkness, De Land, Fla.

St. Petersburg, Fla., Jan. 18-23, 1925. Mrs. G. W. Cooper, St. Petersburg, Fla.

ORIENTALS From the report of the committee on Orientals of the Home MiSSions Council and Council of Women for Home Missions) George L. Cady, Ohairman.

Dr. George W. Hinman has made a survey of the Wllst Coast of Mexico and reports as follows: "There are about 3,000 Chinese in the states of Sinora, Sinaloa and Nagarit. These were imported to work in the cotton fields of Lower California. I visited five large centers on the West Coast with a population of about five hundred. Chinese in each. Besides the mission at Mexicali, just across the

Chinese consular secretary. Chinese large sums towards its erection. It is work in the East suffers seriously probable that the Japanese are as genfrom lack of expert direction. I' It is erous in proportion to their means as haphazard, depending upon the good any other class of Christians in Amerintentions but emotional interest of a ica. very few, and those not always wisest. THE TOUCH OF HUMAN HANDS It was reported last year that there were 30,000 Japanese in Sao Paulo, Among the hills of Galilee, Brazil. Dr. Inman reports that the Through crowded city ways, Brazilian churches have organized a mission for these people. Further The Christ of God went forth to heal study will be carried on. And bless in olden days.

In the Japanese work on the Pa- The sinning and the sad of heart cific Coast there is increasing interest In anxions throngs were massed and necessity for Christian service. The Federated Japanese Church in To catch the great Physician's eye Los Angeles cost nearly $100,000, And touch Him as He passed. financed by the Presbyterian and Congregational Boards. The Re- We have not in our hours of need formed Church in the United States His seamless garment pressed, has a new Community House for their Japanese mission in San Francisco. Nor felt His tender human hand This building is fitted for carrying on On us in blessing rest. social and educational work as well as religious. It is a monument to Yet still in crowded city streets the finest kind of Christian coopera- The Christ goes forth again, tion, and also to the interest and sac- W'henever touch of human hand rifice of the Japanese who have given Bespeaks good will to men.

Whenever man his brother man UphOlds in helpfulness; Whenever strong and tender clasp A lonely heart doth bless, 'fhe Christ of God is answering A stricken world '8 demands And leading back a wandering race By touch of human hands. -Alice M. Kyle.

FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN A MESSAGE FROM JAPAN 1<~l'om the moment, however, that we touched the shores of Japan the Ex- Mrs. Frank Gaylord Cook, Treasurer of clusion Bill has been the topic of the Woman's Board of Missions, Congrega- uppermost impol'tance. An Englishtional, anf! for several years an officer of speaking editor of a leading Japanese the Federation, is now traveling in the Orient paper interviewed us even before we representing not only her Own Board but left the steamer. In a small city, far also the Federation of Woman's Boards of distant from the usual routes of Foreign MissionA of North America. She travel, another editor, a judge, and a was in Japan just after the Exclusion Bill teacher were invited to spend the eve- WRS passed in America and has sent from ning. Because the place was provineial there a record of her impressions. in its outlook, and feeling in regard to the Exclusion Bill seemed especially The following is not an extended study of the Exclusion Bill in all of bitter, it was agreed that the foreignits phases; it simply records the im- ers would not introduce the subject. pl'ession of a woman tourist who spent When the time came for the callers to seven weeks in Japan immediately after the bill was passed and at the leave one said, "But are you going to time it went into effect. On the day it took effect Japanese flags were dis- say nothing about the Exclusion played everywhere, even in the small- Bill?" There followed an hour of est villages of country districts. We heard of 'I. demonstration planned in close questioning and reasoning. Osaka but its execution did not seem to merit a report in the press. Perfect Again, in another remote prefecture quiet apparently reigned throughout at a meeting in the town's public hall the empire. Mr. Co()k was asked to present Amer- ica's side while a y, M. C. A. Secre,

1924J HOME A]'I;D FOREIG;) MISSIONS BULLETIN

tary spoke ror Japan. Probably 1,000 others say that is impossible. A~ persons. were present-ror the most long. however, as the sore spot re- part young men-and fully half the mains there is always a chance for audience was obliged to stand. Never- trouble.

theless all listened with the closest at- lVhat can Christian people do? We tention and practically no one left be- wish we knew the sovereign remedy.

fore the session closed. These are On "No War" Sunday we heard two merely samples of the public interest. presentations. In the morning there In personal talks, likewise, the con- was a plea for a league of those who, versation sooner or later almost in- in case their country went to war, variably swung around to the Ex- would pledge themselves they would clusion Bill. not help "no matter what." In the Among the intelligent the attitude afternoon the emphasis was placed on is practically the same everywhere, an the need for a better understanding earnest searching to see why they are and sympathy among the nations, for being treated thus by the United an internationalism based on brother- States who was supposed to be Japan's hood and love, for a determined effort friend-an astonishing generosity in on the part of the Christian churches the interpretation of the reasons-a and Christia.n leaders to bring real patient self-control in the hope that Christianity and a real Christian hefore long some remedy may be spirit into politics until our statesmen fortheoming. get the world vision and our govern- The fact is, the .Japanese people are ments shall follow the Golden Rule.

wounded, not with a quick anger but To my mind the latter is the construc- with a deep and abiding hurt. They tive method and the hopeful method.

bad thought that they were being In the midst of these trying circum- given a place among the civilized na- stances we have met uniform courtesy, tions of the world and suddenly they consideration and kindness. There are given what seems to them a "slap has not been a single exception from in the face." They had hoped they the day we landed to the day we left.

might be treated as the European na- IVe wish more· Americans could have tions are treated and it is a serious the privilege of the favored few who shock to their pride to find that they can touch the home life of the J apa- a.re not. It is not what was done but nese, talk with the Japanese people of the way it was done. all classes, witness their progress along The Effect: In one remote town a all lines, sec their fine spirit. If there young English-speaking teacher came were more knowledge there would be to his missionary in deep grief. ' 'His better undertariding, deeper apprecia- pupils were discrediting Christianity tion.

because of what America has done. No sovereign remedy j yet I do be- How could he reconcile the two f" lieve that there is wide opportunity This is by no means an isolated case. for the Christians of America to use Nevertheless, a~ far as we have been their influence through the press, able to ascertain by wide inquiry, through individual effort, and through neither this attitude nor the stand united action that something may be taken here and there by certain in- done diplomatically to soothe the dividualistic Japanese Christian lead- wounded feelings and to restore the ers that Christian missionaries should self-respect of the Japanese people.

withdraw is, as yet, very widespread. MRS. FRANK GAYLORD COOK.

The danger is more remote, that the wOlmd will fester, that the present God grant us wisdom in these coming days, spirit of inquiry will turn to discon- And eyes unsealed, that we clear visions see tent and the discontent to resentment. Of that new world that He would have us Where this might end, who knows? Some foresee a great Oriental Entente, build, 'J'o life '8 cnnoblelnent and His high ministry.

~Se!cmea.

HOME MISSION BULLETIN BE WITH US tions, machinery, devices, efficiency, expertness; they could visit our great Be with us while the New World greets stores and mercat;ltile establishments, The Old World througiug all its streets, and learn the American ways of doing Unveiling all the triumphs won business; they could inspect our By art or toil beneath the sun; schools from the kindergarten to the And unto common good ordain university, and note our educational This rivalship of hand and brain. policies and methods; they could even see our church edifices, and the build- Thou, who hast here in concord furled ings and grounds which serve ex- The war flags of a gathered world, tensive charities and philanthropies; Beneath OUr Western skies fulfil but they could not see Christianity, The Orient's mission of good·will, for they were not invited into Chris- And, freighted with love '. Golden Fleece, tian homes; they did not learn, Send back its Argonauts of peace. through personal contact and friendly intercourse, the motives, the springs For art and labor met in truce, of conduct and the fundamental be- For beauty made the bride of use, liefs of Christian men and women. We thank 'rhee: but, withal, we crave And so these distinguished Japanese visitors returned to their country The austere virtues strong to save, recommending the importation of many American products, and the The honor proof to place or gold, anoption of many American ways; The manhood never bought nor sold! but they did not recommend that Japan should become Christian as Oh make Thou us, through centuries long, America was. In peace secure, in justice strong; Around our gift of freed,)m draw The danger is, even in the prosecu~ The safeguards of Thy righteous law; tion of missions, that Christianity be And, cast in some diviner mold, institutionalized, and men meet insti- Let the new cyele shame the old. tutions rather than find Christians.

-Jorm Greenleaf Whittier. The Message HAND.PICKING IN HOME MISSIONS It is an old story that Jesus gave to men-a Life rather than Law. He By ALFRED WILLIAMS ANTHONY did not organize a church; He gath- ered about Him Disciples and sent Race relations tend to take care of forth Apostles. The Church came themselves when men know each other afterwards, organized by Paul. Jesus and sit down together to confer on did not draw up a constitution and common interests. Each church by-laws; He told men to love one should be an agency of neighborliness another, and to serve, and declared and service in its own environment. that the greatest amongst them was Weare reminded again of the funda- not he who held some high office, or mental need of personal religion, in- carried the portfolio of State, but he carnate in human fellowship, as the who was simple and humble and great need of our home mission field teachable, and ready to serve. today. The message must reach every There is danger lest Bigness may church, every pastor, every Sundayrun away with us. The immigrant school teacher, every individual Chriswho comes to America cannot take in tian, that the service which individ- America all at once; institutions, or- uals render to individuals in personal ganizations and missions have little contacts and personal relations, is the meaning for him; what he wants is a iinest kind of service the world hap friend, a bed, a meal, a job, a coat.

A deputation of Japanese came once to America to discover what things, if any, might be taken back to their country for imitation and reproduction there. They could see our banks and learn our methods of banking; they could visit our great mills and factories, and report on inven-

HOME AND FOREIGN MISSIONS BULLETIN

ever known. For the sake of that and conditions of men; all ages, all kind of service Jesus Himself took kinds of attainments, all colors and upon Himself flesh, and became "as races. The ideal is for each local a Servant" and lived amongst men. church to include within its ministries all peoples, howsoever diverse they The Means may be, who come into the neighbor- hood and become a part of the com· There can be no substitute for self. munity. Money is easy to give-it is hard enough for some people, and yet com- This ideal means that, in addition paratively speaking it is far easier to to organized missions which must be give money than to give self. Jesus carried on in their great movements did at one time ask a young man to and undertakings, both at home and part with all his property, distribut- abroad, the local church within its ing it to the poor, in order that that own environment, through the life young man might really discover the and the service of every member, value of his own self, and whether or JUllst fulfill its apostleship, each memnot he was willing to give that; and ber being an apostle sent forth in the Jesus also stated at one time that the name and the spirit of Christ, to every biggest gift of all was the gift of self, individual with whom contacts and up to the very limit of dying for some- friendly relations can be established. one else. Missions need far more than The Gospel is preached best through old clothes that can be rummaged out deeds, and men are won most by the of garrets; or cold pieces which can intimate touch of hand and heart. be parted with when the feast is over; missions require far more than money From the leaflet of the same name printed by even; indeed the money is of little the Home Missions Council and Council of value save as it is converted into that Women for Home Missions. Single copies may priceless offering of somebody's self, be obtained free. in the person of the missionary. " 'Let us welcome, then, the strangers, Local churches must realize anew- Hail them as our friends nnd brothers, whether great or small-that genuine And the heart '8 right hand of friendship missionary opportunities lie right Give them when they come to see us.' about them, in the giving of self Gitche Manito, the Mighty, through friendly contacts and per- Said this to me in my vision. sonal service to the foreigners, to the Negroes, to the Jews-indeed to any "I beheld, too, in'that vision and every race, group, and condition All the secrets of the futnre, of men ill the neighborhood. Of the distant dnys that Ehall be. I beheld the westward marches The Ideal Of the unknown, crowded lIations. All the lancl was fuli of people, Christianity is essentially demo- Restless, struggling, toiling, striving, cratic. Jesus warned His Disciples Speaking many tongues, yet feeling against seeking place and preferment But one heart-beat in their bosoms." in the spirit of drawing distinctions and claiming superiority. Though -Longfelrow in "The Song of Hiawatha." coming to the Jews, and Himself a Jew, His ministry included the "Go ye and teach the next one whom you Greeks, the Romans, the Syro-Phrnnicians, and the dwellers of all the meetknown parts of the world of that day. He was Universal Brother, Brother to Man, woman, child, at home or on the all men. That is the spirit He gave to His followers. street- The ideal church is the one which That" God so loved them" each in thought has within its fellowship all classes so sweet He could not have them lost through sin 'B defeat, < But sent you with His message to repeat That pardon through His Son might be complete.

So shall onr land be saved from sore defeat And gather with the nations at His feet."

-Selected.

FROM MANY

LATIN AMERICA simply and clearly, and at the same The Gospel for Roadmenders time so wooingly, that he is rebuffed REV. JOHNSON TURNBULIJ, only by the most hardened hearts. In Canadian Baptist missionary at the last year 138 Indians accepted Cochabamba, Bolivia, writes of some Christ through his pleadings. His interesting experiences on a trip in nephew, who has been helping us un- the company of a native evangelist: pack and put things in order and " At midday we came upon a group giving us our daily class in Mam, is of eighty Indians repairing the road, a man of middle age and consecrated which the flood waters had disfigured to the work of the Lord. Every and in places completely destroyed. evening after chores are done, he goes We turned aside to speak to the over- off to the villages to hold services and seer, and readily obtained permission to seek new opportunities for bringing for Senor Barron to address the the Good News to those who have crowd. From a place of advantage never heard it. Last night, he and he called' the Indians and they sur- his industrious little wife trudged rounded him in a moment. After the twelve miles through the rain to sing, first few sentences off Came their hats, pray, and read the Bible with the for they realized that the message brethren in a village up in the was of a religious nature. Their in- mountains. He has the instincts of terest was aroused and deepened, and a good teacher and when the Bible their expressions of approval punctu- is read in Spanish he closely questions ated the preacher's remarks as he each one in the service to give the proceeded to unfold the plan of salva- meaning of the passage verse by verse tion, which to most, if not to all, was in Mam."

entirely new. Early in the afternoon another road-mending gang came in- How a Bible Built .. Chapel S to view, and there was no difficulty in OME eighteen years ago a Guate- mala Indian, his curiosity aroused obtaining permission to address the Indians. According to the pay list by the words "Santa Biblia" on the there were over two hundred in that cover, purchased a Spanish Bible from particular group. They were soon a colporteur of the American Bible collected around Senor Barron, who Society. He called in: some friends from the saddle preached in the to read to him the new strange book Quichua tongue. It was an impres- he had just secured; but no one was sive sight in that broad river bed, able to explain what they read. He under the blazing sun, to see the eager then sought help from the priest of attention with which the dusky listen- the town, and invited him to his home.

ers drank in the gospel story. " When the priest saw the Bible, he cursed him and left hurriedly, never Earnest lndian Evangelists to return. From that day the Indian REV. H. D. PECK, a Presbyterian had very little confidence in the priest. missionary who went out in 1922 For about fourteen years the book in to do evangelistic work among the that Indian's home was very little Indians in Guatemala, writes of a understood. Then his sister, who certain native evangelist named lived in a nearby town, met a Protes- Anselmo: "He talks to his fellow- tant evangelist and asked him to go tribesmen in the Mam Janguage so to Comalapa and explain the contents 918

1924J NEWS FROIlI MANY LANDS

of the book to her brother. The first The owner of the 'l'estament is noW in day the evangelist was there, which charge of that work, a voluntary was August 20, 1919, the Indian and worker, a farmer by day and a his own family and that of his brother preacher by night, conducting four -ten in all- accepted Christ as their or five services weekly." Saviour, threw their images away, and the man himself, who was then A Paraguayan Politician about fifty-five years old, quit drink- ing. Feeling that his people ought F ERNEST DIEM, of the Inland to have a fitting place of worship, the • South America Mission, writes Indian who bought the Bible eighteen of a prominent politician of Paraguay, years ago, started to put up a chapel, who was converted six months ago: which has been built little by little "He is now a baptized member of the by their own labor and at their own Church, a regular attendant at all expense. Rev. R. R. Gregory says, of the services, and a faithful personal "The very best workmanship has worker. He is, of course, of the better gone into the building. I have not class and is intelligent and well seen an Indian house to compare educated. Members of his class do with it." not attend the meetings in the mis- sion, and are utterly indifferent as A Torn Testament to the claims of the Gospel, though most of them are not strong Catholics T HE Bible House of Los Angeles and are very friendly with us. Lately has received from its represen- Don Molina, the politician, has been tative in Managua, Nicaragua, the appointed by the Governor as vice- following account of one of its pub- president of the City Council. While lications, "the Underscored Spanish perhaps it ought not to be sought New Testament": "It was given to after by Christians, one may be greata family in Managua years ago, but ly used of God in such a capacity. they had no use for it and finally J-olast week the Catholic priest filed a threw it in with a pile of rubbish to petition with the Council for a monthbe burned. A little girl and her ly gift for the upkeep of the mother from the country happened "Church." Mr. Molina decided that to be visiting with that family and as long as he was on the Council it the little girl picked up the cast-off couldn't be. He asked his fellow- B~ok and took it with her as a play- councilmen why, since the Governthmg. The mother soon took posses- ment received absolutely no benefit sion of the girl's treasure and upon from the Church, should they give arrival at their little hut put it up money which might be used for a beton a shelf, to be used leaf by leaf, to ter purpose 1 The petition was roll her cigarettes in. One day the turned down. husband, a drunken vicious fellow, the terror of the district, happened to EUROPE see the Book and ordered his wife to put it aside as he wanted to read it. A Wireless Peace Message Day by day he devoured the contents of the remaining pages and in the ON behalf of more than four million reading was joined by another "bad- school children of Great Britain, man, " also a drunkard, and very the League of Nations Union sent handy with knife and gun. Their the following wireless greeting to the conversion was the beginning of a children of the rest of the world on great work. This happened six years Saturday, Juue 28th, the Fifth Anago. We now have a congregation niversary of the signing of the where they live, a goodly number of Covenant of the League of Nations: baptized believers and I have preached to congregations of sixty and eighty. We,. the children of Great Britain, greet the chIldren of all the other countries of the world. Today, the 28th of June, is the fifth birthday of the Oovenant of the League of Nations. Let UB all in every country learn

to love and understand each other. Let us a number of high school pupils began help people to see that all the world must for the first time to read their Bibles. be united so that the League shall be the In Sart, the meetings were held in Family of Nations with no one left out or a dance hall and many confessed unhappy or hungry. This is what God our Christ. At Bruges, during a national Father in Heaveu wants for all His children, holiday, seventeen young people stood then war shall cease and there shall be peace up and consecrated themselves to and good will among men. Christ. One colporteur who took two years of training in the Bible School Scotch Religious Conditions sold a thousand New Testaments and forty Bibles in one year, besides dis- RECENTLY published statistics tributing many tracts and leading a show that 36~ per cent of the number to Christ. people of Scotland are outside the churches. The communicants of the In other places the ground is hard Church of Scotland represent more and requires much prayerful cultivathan one quarter the entire adult tion before the Good Seed will take population, and those of the United root. Many priests openly and secret- Free Church 18 per cent. While the ly oppose the giving of God's Word adult population has grown in twenty to the people. They fear the effect years by more than seven per cent, of Bible teaching. Some of the the communicant rolls of the two evangelical Christians are sorely great Scottish churches have increased persecuted but they remain steadby less than five per cent. In twenty fast. Many who were formerly hostile years the Roman Catholic population are now reading the Bible and are has increased from something more attending gospel meetings. There is than 8 to 12 1-3 per cent of the total among the people more manifest oppopulation, and this increase is almost position to Protestantism than to the entirely due to immigration. In those Word of God. centers where the Roman Catholic immigrants have settled, their influence Many more places could be occupied has been exercised to the disintegra- as mission centers if the Belgian tion of Scottish Sunday observance, Gospel Mission funds were sufficient and has given rise to many social and to meet the necessary expense. "In religious anxieties. The two great spite of the lack of workers," writes churches in Scotland have increased one reporter, "the Lord is shaking in forty years by 34 per cent, whereas Flanders awake." the adult population has increased by 49 per cent. On the other hand, Is Germany Turning to God 1 during the four years, 1919-22, the churches have enrolled more young UNDER this heading Rev. R. Boyd communicants than in any previous Morrison writes in The Life of four years of their history, and the Faith of conditions which he has proportion of these young communi- noticed recently in passing through cants to the general growth of adult Germany. He says: "A great repopulation bears the high percentage vival movement has for some time of 56 as against about 52 ten years been springing up among Lutherans, ago. affecting not so much the clergy as the rank and file of the people. Num- Belgian Gospel Mission bers having become truly converted and, finding the poverty of the mes- TENT evangelistic campaigns in sages from many of the pulpits, have, Belgium were conducted in several without severing themselves from the centers last summer with very en- churches, organized meetings of their couraging results. At IJiege, boys own. These gatherings are of the and girls joined a special Bible class. most inspiring kind. Led by laymen, About two hundred people attended as a rule, they are marked by freedom the meetings at Huy, near Liege, and from sectarianism, freedom from for-

NEWS FRO:'.! MANY LANDS

mality in worship, hearty singing of Taglialatela points out in the Chris- evangelistic hymns, spiritual fervour, tian Advocate that this is not a keenest interest and a real revival victory for the Romanists, though spirit. Religious work is everywhere they claim it as such: "First, the growing rapidly. The sale of Catholics did not succeed in their Christian literature has greatly in- claim that religious teaching should creased, and the circulation of be given only by people authorized Christian magazines is ever widening. by the Church-that is by the priests.

In no past year of history have so Gentile declared that any regular many people in Germany been con- teacher formally showing his willing- verted and baptized as in this year. ness to give this instrtlction would Such are testimonies borne by the be appointed for it. The result of representative of a great printing this was, and is, now, that Protestant house and a pastor with whom I con- teachers, too, and others who sympa- versed lately." thize with Christianity but do not ac- cept the dogmatic structure given it Revival in Czecho-Slovakia by the church, teach religion to the T HERE is no spot in Europe to- boys and girls of Italy.·Further day, says a writer in the Christian World, "more filled with the joy teachers and pupils have started to of God than Czecho-Slovakia. The discuss freely the different interprenew religions movement is so pro- tations of Christianity. '1'he agent of nonnced that the situation is amazing. the British and Foreign Bible Society, Tn February, 1920, after attaining resident in Rome, has said that he has freedom from Austria, a large number never received so many requests for the Testament and portions of it as of Czech Roman Catholic priests, since this new law was enacted. The who had long been chafing under the same thing applies to the other autocratic rule of the Vatican, sent Protestant publishing houses in the to the Pope a series of demands for demand for Protestant literature, church reform. On these demands which is greatly sought after by being refused, upwards of 170 of the teachers in every province of Italy."

priests seceded from the Church of Rome, married, and settled down in Refugee Students in Greece their parishes. They have been fol- WHEN Dr. Landes, the General lowed by over a million of the people Secretary of the World's Sunin 108 parishes, and a new body day School Association visited Greece called "The Czecho-Slovak Church" in March, he met a group of Greek and Armenian students from the has been c-reated. They have re- School of Religion of Constantinople, nounced belief in trans-substantiation. who, because of their nationality, had given up the confessional, ceased to been obliged to leave Constantinople ascribe divine honors to the virgin and were continuing their studies in Mary as the "mother of God," and Athens. Inasmuch as these students they make the Bible the sole text book are all ardent Christians and preof religious instruction in their paring to give their lives to Christian work, arrangements were made to schools. They have renounced all al- have ten of them give foul' months of legiance to the Pope and have been excommunicated. "

Religious Teaching in Italy their summer time to organize Sun- day-schools in the refugee camps THE new minister of education in located in and around Athens and Italy, Court Casati, has recently Saloniea. Over a million Greeks and declared his purpose to maintain the Armenians are now to be found in religious' instruction introduced into these camps. A letter received at the the schools by his predecessor, Profes- World's Association headquarters sor Giovanni Gentile. Professor A. from one of these students working 5

in the Salonica District says: "There guages, and religions. I was longest is a whole community here from in Kenya, an English colony five times Pontus in Asia Minor on the coast of as large as the state of Virginia. the Blaek Sea. They are Greek Evan- There were at least a dozen nations gelieal Pr(}testants. We helped them and languages in Kenya, not to speak organize a church in a house and also of other differenees in the people. a Sunday-school for the children; the Another striking thing is the improvewhole town is now a refugee Protes- ment in the eondition of women. The tant town. An appeal has gone to men used to do the fighting and the the Greek government officials for a women the work. Of their own acplaee of worship and they have eon- cord this has stopped: a great step sented to the use of the old Moslem forward. There are government mosque." workers going about showing people how to raise things better. 'l'he na- AFRICA tives raise good tobacco and eotton. In one eountry the production of Thirsty Souls in Egypt cotton is growing appreeiably. Eng- land is determined to raise her own PERCY K. ALLEN, speaking in cotton. The one thing that struck London on the importanee of me on the way down the coast is the Christian literature for Moslems, re- determination of the natives to have minded his audienee that, at the Nile an education. They are going to have ,Mission Press in Cairo, all the staff it. I went out in the country and and workers meet together for prayer saw what the people themselves are and seek God's blessing on the day's doing. ¥issionary students have work. Goo is honored from the very started schools. In one school forty start at the Press, Mr. Allen told of or fifty students were being taught. a visit which he and Dr. Zwemer -Record of ChrisMan Work. made to the Al-Azhar University in Cairo, with their pockets full of Abyssinian Moslems Won literature, which they were able to give away quite freely. He was TWENTY years ago a prominent llstonished at the readiness of the sheik of Amara, led by what he people to reeeive the books. The same thought to be a vision, began preachthing happened at a market meeting ing to Moslems from the Koran. But four hundred miles up country from in his studies of the Koran he so con- Cairo, and also in other places. He stantly ran across references to the urged that this is the great day of Bible that he thought it wise to proopportunity, saying "Vherever you cure a copy from the Swedish mission go in Egypt, you cannot help being for closer examination. Thereafter struck with the time t.hat has been he began gradually to draw away oeeupied and money that has been from the Koran to the Bible and was spent in bringing water to these accused of heresy by his Moslem acpeople. In the same way God is quaintances. Brought before King wanting to bring the Water of Life Menelik in 1907 he was ordered to to all these thirsty souls." present his opinions in debate with learned Moslems. The result was his IDlpression. of Africa Today exoneration and a royal permission to teach Moslems of Abyssinia where SPEAKING at Hampton Institute and when he wished. But further of his recent visit to Africa, Dr. contact with Christians brought him James H. Dillard, president of the to the evangelical faith and he was Jeanes and Slater Funds, said: "The baptized by an Abyssinian priest, thing that impressed me most in taking the name of N oaje KriS'tos Africa was the tremendous variety of (" Christ '8 own possession"). The nations. They differ among them- Swedish mission at Addis Ababa selves more than the nations of Europe–in habits, customs, lan-

U24] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

deepened his Christian knowledge. by white missionaries. The white Being a powerful preacher he soon missionaries make regular trips began to draw Mohammedans to through the country to help and en- Christ. His more intimate disciples courage the native evangelists. Not he appointed leaders, apportioning long ago a native Christian went to the country into districts with a teach these people and he was eaten. leader for each district. His death The cannibals are punished very checked the movement, but it is esti- severely by the Government when mated that about seven thousand have they are convicted of this practice, through his preaching come out of and so the evil is somewhat less preva- Islam to Christianity. The testimony lent. In spite of this danger, howof all acquainted with these new ever, there is no lack of volunteers Christians agrees as to their great for the work. On one trip of superresponsiveness to Christian truth. vision Mr. Grisset, of the station, brought in three almost starved How Christianity Spreads skeletons of orphans. Their mothers had been killed by a leopard and WRITING of an extended tour in their fathers were almost dead with his district in Southern Nigeria, sleeping sickness. As soon as they a missionary of the Church Mission- are restored to health they will be ary Society thus explains the wonder- placed in Christian families and ful growth of the Christian trained to be sent back to their own community that is to be found today: people as missionaries.-Continent. "Being a trading people, they visit other .places and see something of South Africa and Missions Christianity. Or it may be that a Christian comes and stays in the town REV. NELSON BITTON, secretary and introduces the gospel message. of the London Missionary Generally young men are the first to Society, has been spending the aubecome interested. They go about in tumn in South Africa at the invitaegbes (companies), and what one does tion of the Congregational Union of the others want to copy. These com- that country. He stated before startpaniesmay number anything from ten ing that the purpose of his visit was, to one hundred. The faith and as quoted in the Christian Century, knowledge of the inquirers are but "to arouse interest in the world-wide small now; but if we get a teacher work of the London Missionary to occupy such a place (and in my Society among all Congregational district there are dozens of places bodies in South Africa. These, it like this) we will have a church, must be remembered, are roughlY congregation, and a mission station divided into three groups, the white going strong in a few years. The congregations, the colored 'churches, converts will be baptized and all will which are self-supporting and se1£- be willing to pay something towards governed, and the native churches, the support of the teacher, and thus founded by the London Missionary the place will become self-support- Society which are affiliated with the Congregational Union. I am hoping ing. " that as a result of the visit, an auxili- ary will be established which will Cannibals Still in Africa provide for an annual tour of the South African churches by a mission- T HE Mekae people of Africa are ary from one of our fields elsewhere. more fond of human flesh than It is felt that there is a need to link they are of pork, writes Dr. Alfred up church thought and life there, B. Lippert, engaged in medical work, both white, colored and native, with Ebolowa, Cameroun. For several the missionary work of the Church years missionary work has been going throughout the world. If, for inon among these people, but mainly through native Christians supervised

stance, a missionary from Papua can taking place that will ultimately bring home to South Africa some- make their lot brighter and happier. thing of the problems of his work and In old days it was almost impossible the needs of his people the whole out- for women to become Christians, but look of the Church will be broadened. now reports from missions show that This type of work, too, will also serve the number, of women conyerts is to draw closer the spiritual links between Great Britain and South steadily on the increase. One mission Africa." tells of more women converts than men in the past three years."

A Oentnry in Zululand Many Jews Leave Palestine I N connection with the Natal Cen- MIGRATION figures of Palestine tenary, Ilanga lase Natal, a native have been rather disconcerting newspaper, points out the striking to Zionist leaders in recent months, contrast between the Zulus of 1824 statistics lately quoted in the House and those of the present day. A of Commons would indicate. J. H. hundred years ago there was not a Thomas, colonial secretary, when single native in clothes and the sight asked as to the development of Palesof white men "was a terror and a tine by Jewish immigrants said that nightmare, by which those who had in 1922, 7,844 ,Jews and 284 non-Jews seen the strange people were haunted had immigrated into Palestine, Durfor days." Where sugar cane now ing the same period 1,603 Jews and grows WR& the home of lions and 1,436 non-Jews emigrated. In 1923, elephants. Even by 1854 there were 7,42J1 Jews and 517 non-Jews imvery few Christian natives; any who migrated and 3,466 Jews and 1,481 became believers did so at the risk non-Jews emigrated. During the first of their lives. In material progress three months of 1924, 923 Jews and there has been a remarkable trans- 103 non-Jews immigrated and 893 formation. Good homes, good culti- J'ews and 178 non-Jews emigrated.- vation, a habit of steady work, though The Continent. not yet the universal rule, are by no means solitary exceptions, and there Ambitious Persian Boys has been an immense advance in education. What may not another cen- OVER four hundred boys are entury show if the Zulus take full rolled in the Tabriz Memorial advantage of the opportunities now School, Tabriz, Persia. Every day open to them of becoming a progres- there are :five chapel groups; two each sive Christian people? for the smaller Persians and Armeni- ans, and one in Turkish for the older NEAR EAST Persian boys, and the Armenian and Syrian boys too. "Nearly all of them Moslem Women Oonverts are hungry for an education," writes Rev. Burt S. Gifford. "The eager- AFTER describing the wonderful ness with which some of them seize changes that have taken place every opportunity to advance is inamong Moslem women, in an article dicative of their native ability and in the Church Missionary Outlook for possibility of development. Some of September, the Rev. W. W. Cash these lads have made wonderful says: "What I have said refers only strides forward, and are excellent in to a small proportion of the women in character and scholarship. Last year Moslem lands. There is still a large two of them went to the University body of women, invisible to the world, of North Carolina', and are doing living in harems under the old con- excellent work. One of our graduates ditions. It is true, however, that the went to America, graduated from the number 'of girls in schools is veri University of Colorado, came back in:uch on the increase, and that even here, taught several months in our among the poorer classes changes are

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

school, and is now on the Finance and five non-Christian villages, and thus Administration Commission' for the reach over 200 children every Sunday. Government. "

INDIA King Feisal's Bible Christian Banking in India DURIXG a visit paid by Dr. Boyd, CHRISTIAN cooperative banks are agent of the British and For- one of the agencies which various eign Bible Society in the Levant, a missions and the Y. M. C. A. have special copy of the Arabic Bible was worked together to establish in India, presented to King Feisal at Bagdad. in order to help the native Christi!J,ns to a surer economic basis and especial- "This interesting fact is related, that ly to keep them out of the clutches there lies on the king's table, where of the money lender. The bank in he keeps the books he really uses, a a little village of weavers called copy of the Bible, New Testament in- Lohargawn is a subsidiary of the cluded, that had been. presented by Christian Central Cooperative Bank the Jews of Bagdad!" Dr. Boyd re- of Cawnpore. At Lohargawn the marks: "Truly a remarkable channel preacher is the secretary of the bank, for propagating the Gospel of Jesus and the other evangelists help him in Christ-from a Jewish community to keeping up the interest in things. their Moslem king." But the decisions are usually left to the members of the bank themselves.

Sunday-schools in Syria They are responsible for the money THE Syria Sunday School Union borrowed, and for the kind of mem- was admitted as a unit of the bers they admit. Among the rules World's Sunday School Association, that they have made, with the help of at the Glasgow Convention. Its Exec- the Indian evangelists, are those preutive Committee is composed of four scribing that a member must be a missionaries elected by the United Christian and he must not retain the Missionary Conference of Syria and little lock of hair on the top of his Palestine, four Syrians elected by head which is there regarded as a the Syria Sunday-school Convention, mark of Hinduism. He must attend and the Field Secretary of theWorld's church regularly. Hc must be a con- Association. This committee meets tributor to the Church, and he must semi-annually. While its field is send his boys to the Christian school. technically that of Syria under the The rules have been enforced, too.

}<'rench mandate, correspondence' is conducted with and literature dis- Indian Christian Officials A tributed in Syria, Palestine, Mesopo- CCORDING to the Calcutta Guar- dian, among the prominent tamia and parts of Asia Minor. The great falling oil' in the number of Indian Christians in the city of Mad- students enrolled in missionary day ras today are a Judge of the High schools, due to the rise of national Court, the Judge of the City Civil schools, is causing a corresponding Court, the President of the Madras decrease in Sunday-school enrollment, Legislative Council, and the Princi- and the committee has to face in a pal of Pachiappa's College-the pre- new way the problem of reaching the mier Hindu college which, according unreached. One plan put into very to a trust deed made in bygone years, successful operation is to organize does not admit non-Hindu students bands of volunteer workers in the to the institution. The last-named boys' boarding schools, who go out fact is significant, since the govern- two by two into nearby villages on ing body is entirely Hindu. The dis- Sunday afternoon to conduct Sunday- tricts are full of highly-placed Indian schools. Ten boys in the Lebanon Christian officials. There are few . Boys' School at Suk-el-Gharb go into municipalities, triluks, or district

boards in the Madras Presidency in Of 900 persons inoculated three or which Indian Christians do not sit four have died; of some 6,000 not as elected members from a general inoculated 500 died. Within three constituency. days three members of one family have been buried within five yards of Faithful under Persecution our back fence. Yesterday one of our converts, whose wife refused to I N the village of Dayalpur, North join him in his new religion, brought India, there is a community of one her to our gate where she died in two hundred Chamars, which, as a whole, or three hours. Her people would has not only confessed Christ in not touch her, so the police had to baptism, but has undergone the most bury her, which they did in a pit rigorous persecution and loss for the along the roadside within ten yards sake of the Name. These are not of our compound walL" "rice Christians." It is no question of bakshish and blankets. Their A Christian Medical Guild witness for Christ is all the more remarkable as they are naturally timid, A SMALL number of Indian Chrisand for the first time in their history tian medical students at Agra find themselves at variance with the powerful landowners of the village. have united to form a Guild of st. As soon as their intention became known the owners of the village and Luke, and have added to their memthe adjoining land began to use every bership former students now in pracmeans in their power to prevent them tice in different parts of India. The from becoming Christians. They Guild has produced an attractive little threatened, argued, persuaded, all to card of membership with thirteen no purpose; They threatened to take names upon the roll. The objects are: their cattle, confiscate their land, (1) To bind medical men together burn their houses and take their as disciples of Christ; ( 2) to help property. After these threats had one another by prayer. The rules of been made at one large village the Guild are: (a) To pray daily; gathering, a Chamar rose and said, (b) to read some portion of the Bible "You may take everything we have, daily; (c) to attend church every and our lives in the bargain, but we Sunday if possible; (d) to be regular are determined to embrace Christiani- in partaking of the Lord's Supper. ty." Persecution of many kinds, A Bible class for the Guild is held extending into the smallest details of every fortnight by Miss A. F. Wright, daily life, has followed their baptism, the principal of the Queen Victoria but they have not wavered. High School, Agra.

Surrounded by Plague Child Widows of India REV. C. G. ELSAM, Disciples T HE last government census of missionary in Maudaha, India, India discloses that there are no writes:· "Weare literally living in less than 15,000 widows under five the midst of death here in Maudaha. years of age, 100,000 b?-tween five and The plague has spread all around us, ten, 279,000 between ten and fifteen, having been carried into the villages and over 500,000 between fifteen and by the people forsaking the town of twenty. The one encouraging fact Maudaha. About five hundred per- in this black picture is that the figure sons have died of plague in the last for the smallest of these poor childthree months, approximately eight widows, those under five years old, per cent of the population in our im- represents a decrease on the last cenmediate vicinity. None of our Chris- sus, when the figure was 17,70:;. The tians have had the disease. This is Missionary Herald, which gives these proof of the efficacy of inoculation. figures, quotes the Dnyanoda.ya ~ We earnestly commend to all Europelms in India, officials and non· officials (espedany

19~4J NEWS FROM "MANY LANDS

leisured English ladies, who can do much), in the sale of the paddy harvest. to Swarajists and Liberals, to reformers and Denied education in the past, Burmese pundits, to missionaries and Indian Chris- girls are now beginning to avail them- ti:m leaders all alike, these heart-breaking selves eagerly of the government – figures, behind which there lie untold sor- schools for women established by the rOW8 and sufferings of nearly a million of English. Marriage is in Burma an our helpless sisters in India, everyone of absolutely free contract, in which the them a challenge to India's boasted advance position, the obligations, and the in culture, civilization, and political state- rights of the two contracting parties craft_ They are figures which constitute a are equal. This is particularly shown loud call to every one of us to join forces in the disposition of property. with all who are patriotically-minded enough to feel the stinging shame of this blot on All property belonging to a woman In{lia'8 fair name. before marriage belongs to her abso- lutely, but all profits arising from Me:morial to Ram.abai the investment of property of either husband or wife, or the earnings T HE trustees of the Ramabai Mukti made by business or labor, constitute Mission at their last meeting voted "joint property," which neither one to establish a memorial to Pandita can deal with or alienate without the Ramabai, and agreed "that a Bible consent of the other. Institute would be a fitting memorial to one who loved the Word, labored Chinese Christians in BurDla for the Word, and strove to glorify the Word, and if it were left to the A VERY superior class of Chinese choice of the late Pandita, they have live and trade in Burma in large no" hesitation" in concluding where her numbers, and many of them have choice would lie." The trustees re- become Christians. When American quest prayer "that the children of Baptist missions went to Burma over God all over the world may be moved one hundred years ago the Chinese to supply the necessary funds for the were there. They were attracted to erection and maintenance of a Bible the Gospel from the first. They arc Institute which will be in Poona or more receptive to Christian teaching near Kedgaon, and that men and than when they are at home in their women equipped mentally and own 'land, and they occupy a strategic spiritually and who have studied the place in the economic life of Burma. Word at the feet of the Master, be led Rangoon has a larger Chinese popula- to volunteer their services to teach in tion than native Burman, and the the Ramabai Memorial Bible Insti- smallest jungle village has for its tute. " business man a Chinaman. The Bur- mans trust them implicitly and the The Free Women of Bur:ma. trust is merited. For years there has been a Chinese church in Rangoon and WHILE the Burmese man has, by Mr. Douglass baptized about thirty in Bassein in the early days of the " force of the combined influences work there. The Chinese of Rangoon of Buddhism and climate, become maintained a mission school and either an indolent, harmless monk, Christian hostel for many years at or an easy-going amiable, pleasure- their own expense. About five years loving countryman, the Burmese ago the one hundred or more converts woman, influenced in no less degree at Bassein put up a school building by religion, untrammeled by conven- at their own expense, and after the tion, and gifted with freedom of Mission had paid for the transporta- action from her earliest youth, has tion" of two young graduates of developed into an individual of Swatow Academy in China, the marked -intelligence and strong Chinese of Bassein and Mandalay as- character. The women are the traders sumed their support. Now the loyal of the country; with them large con- , tracts are often made by government offici;tls. They keep the stalls in the bazaars, and they aid their husbands

group of Chinamen in Mandalay has and Europe, Teapot Dome disclosure'S built the first Chinese church building -all these are factors in producing in Burma. They have an excellent a growing skepticism regarding sobuilding and have given liberally for called 'Christian civilization. One its construction, but the work is sore- expression of the new patriotism was ly in need of funds. the organization four months ago of a Chinese Ku Klux Klan, or 'Order A Buddhist Priest Finds Peace of the Three K 's' as it is called in the vernacular. Its professed aims are A Tibetan Buddhist priest who for as noble and beneficent as those of many years had sought to find of its American counterpart. As in relief from the burden of his sins and America it proposes simply to insist power to overcome them, spent several -secretly, of course-on Chinese beyears in fruitless pilgrimage in India ing good Chinese. It has adopted the and, after his return to Tibet, learned regalia as well as the name of our Arabic and read the Koran, but found American KKK movement." no light. Then a Tibetan peddling merchant, who, having sold his wares Thousands of Testaments in India, was presented with a Gospel of Luke in the border town of Ghoom, REV. W. S. STRONG, sub-agency gave it to this priest on his return. He secretary for North China of the was so stirred by what he read that American Bible Society, wrote in the he left his monastery, alleging an- late summer: "General Feng's men other pilgrimage. After about eight- are busy these days. When not drilleen days' journey on foot, he arrived ing, they are making roads; and one at the town of Ghoom, very weary benefit we will have as it result of the and footsore but with great longings Fengtien Chihli war scare is that a to know more about Jesus. The system of roads will soon connect Pekmissionaries had ,the great joy of ing with J ehol, with Lanhsien on the opening up the Word of God to him Peitaiho Line, and the extension of and he found the peace which he had the Western system. I had a long so .hopelessly sought for so many talk with our old friend Mr. Frank years. Yung Tao as to the needs at General Feng's army camps. He very readily OHINA fell in with my idea, and at once bought 2,000 New Testaments for the A Chinese Ku Klu", Klan Nanyuan Camp. He will be up here on Friday next, and we will then EUGENE E. BARNETT, Y. M. talk about needs in other camps. He C. A. secretary in Shanghai, is is convinced that without Scriptures quoted in The Christian Century as among the Christians there can be no saying that the same nationalistic strong church; and he feels therefore spirit that is felt so strongly in that this army church will mean a America is now rampant in China. great deal both to China and to the "In America we call it 100 per cent Christian Church in general through- Americanism," says Mr. Barnett. out China." "Foreigners in China 'are likely to call the same thing here by balder This reference to Mr. Yung Tao names-narrow nationalism, anti- and his purchase of 2,000 New Testaforeign feeling, anti-Christian senti- ments recalls his former wholesale ment. In certain quarters of China purchases of Scripture'S. It is he who, it is undoubtedly each and all of these during the past decade, after finding things. The prestige of 'Christian efforts to uplift his countrymen nations' has not been so low in China through physical, social, and intelfor many years, The European war, lecfual channels were not effective, the Versailles treaty, American took up the study of religions. Thus movies, the cabled news of strikes, led to the Bible, he was won by it, lynchings and violence in America

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

and, even before he himself became a Modernizing Nanking baptized Christian, bought 5,000 and MRS. GEORGE E. RITCHEY, 10,000 Bibles and Testaments at a missionary of the Disciples ·time and distributed them to his Church, writes of these changes which friends, to officials, and to teachers. she has seen in the historic Chinese city of Nanking during the four Chinese Girls' Idea of God years which she and her husband A MISSIONARY, conducting a have spent there: "The famous old class on the Apostles' Creed for Drum Tower that was the center of a group of Chinese young women filth and hovels and unkept graves, teachers, reports that when discuss- many of them with the coffins exing the conception of God she asked posed, is now the center of an at- tractive little park with flowers and them, "When you pray to God, in shrubs and winding walks. Electric what way do you think of Him 1" lights are on many of the main streets One girl named "Loving Vhtue" where before small kerosene lamps said "It is sometimes as if He were were used with little success. An on a throne, very high up, and very ordinance has been passed prohibitfar off. It is all beautiful, but I can ing beggars from the streets. The only see up as far as His shoulders. city is caring for them outside the I can nBver see His race, it is too city wall. Two blocks from our home wonderful and too far away. And are large mat sheds where hundreds then at other times I don't think of the very poor go daily to buy rice of Him as a person outside myself at at a mere pittance. This work has been carried on the last two winters Whom I am looking; it is as if a by philanthropic business men of the shutter goes down between me and city. All of these enterprises have the whole world. I don't realize any- been at the initiative of the Chinese thing round me, I am all closed in but only the influence of Christianity with Him. It is not a case of God could have brought them about." and myself, it is all together in my heart"~there she brokeofl' and said, "I can't explain it, only that the Attacking Chinese Illiteraey shutter goes down, and closes us both T HE Chinese Ambassador, Sao-Ke in." Alfred Sze, was awarded the de- gree of LL.D. by Syracuse University Another girl said: "When I lead in June. In his addresB at Commence· in prayer I always think of God, but ment, Dr. Sze said in part: "An when I pray by myself I think of American university graduate, Y. C. Jesus, and He is always there ready James Yen, has worked out a system to listpn to me."

D. V. :8. S. in China and Korea whereby he hopes to educate China's illiterate millions for democracy in a I N 16 provinces in China there are decade. His plan was to compile a 2,000 Daily Vacation Bible Schools, vocabulary of the most frequently.

1,000 of which are in the province of used characters in the spoken lan- Shantung. IJast summer about 2,000 guage so that the illiterate would not students gave their vacation (July have to waste time on characters that and Aug.) to help carryon these they would not use. A selection of schools. These volunteer teachers one thousand foundation characterEi have an experience of self-denying was made and under Yen's direction service which is invaluable to them four readers have been prepared, each and to the work. In Korea there reader containing twenty-four lessons are 250 D. V. B. S. conducted by a designed for twenty-four days of the Korean Committee representing the month. It is designed, therefore, World Association along with the that the illiterate may complete the Korean Christian forces. course in four readers, in four months

of classroom work at one and one- sent two representatives to Japan.

half hours each day. The readers Mr. Miyazaki spoke at the second completed, Yen's next problem was General Meeting of the Chinese to have the system adopted. A pub- Council in Shanghi. The Christians licity campaign was started in Chan- of China were second to none in their gsha, the capital of Hunan. A sympathy for Japanese Christians committee of seventy members, in- who suffered in the earthquake. This cluding business men, teachers and sympathy took the form of substantial students was organized. Parades and gifts. This improved relationship mass meetings were held with the between the Christians of China and result that teams of leaders were Japan is a matter of great and last- organized and sent out to register ing importance.

students from seventy-five districts.

In three afternoons 1,200 pupils were Japanese Courtesy registered. So far the work has been MISSIONARIES in Japan have successful, and is now being carried reported that they have been to other cities. Volunteer teachers shown much courtesy and kindness have enlisted to serve without pay, even in these recent months. A strikand in the citv of Chefoo the new ing illustration of this is given in a slogan 'Make Chefoo one hundred per letter from Rev. Royal R .. Fisher, cent literate within five years' is well Baptist missionary in Yokohama, who on the way toward accomplishment." writes: " We very much fear that reports with you have greatly falsi- JAPAN.KOREA fied the state of things here. Reports Japan's Christian Council of attacks on Americans I can brand as utterly false; not a friend of mine A N interesting summary of the has experienced anything but the activities carried on by the kindliest treatment during all these National Christian Council of Japan weeks of possible trouble. The work has suffered. America's position of since its organization in November, moral leadership has been compro- 1923, is given by the Japan Evange- mised and it is going to be hard to list. The work of reconstruction begun by the Federation of Chris- regain the confidence of many here. tian Missions in cooperation with the However, most of the people under- Federation of Christian Churches stand, although a noisy group have was taken over by the Council and a tried to make trouble. Our own asremarkably full survey of post-earth- sociates in the work have been most quake conditions was published in cordial and sympathetic and have the Japan Advertiser. At the same even been more than ordinarily kind. time other activities undertaken by The authorities have bBen worried for the first National Council have been fear some fanatic might 'start somefaithfully carried out. Commissions .on Education, Social Serviee,-Litera- thing' and we have been well watched ture, International Relations and over. The' police in Sendai were Evangelism have already accom- most kind in taking extra precautions for our family, as I have had to be plished considerable work. Mr. K. away most of the time; their detec- Miyazaki, a full-time Japanese sec- tives have kept a close watch of our retary eminently fitted for the posi- house. All in all, it would be hard tion has been secured. to find a people who could have been The organization of this National nicer to us during these trying weeks Christian Council has made possible and months. Reports of secession a friendly relationship with the Chris- from American support of our work tians of China throug-h the National have been grossly exaggerated; this Christian Council of China, previous- . has been talked of only by a few noisy ly impossible. The Chinese Council free lances who would have most to

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

gain from a break·up of the regular its only rule of faith and practice, the churches. Our leaders have been deity and atonement of Jesns Christ staunch as steel to us. " as its only hope, and the consoEdation of over·churched communities into a NORTH AMERICA union church as its motto. It is not a new denomination, but a cooperative Broadcasting World News fellowship with membership from many evangelical churches. Any min· RADIO "fans" should listen in to ister of evangelical faith that believes the broadcasting of World News firmly in the Bible may become a from Station W F B H (273 meter member. The Pioneer of a New Era, wave length), New York City. The publishl)d at Arnold's Park, Iowa, is Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis· the official organ of the Conference, sions has appointed Rev. Ernest F. and i& edited by Rev. R. Lee Kirk· Hall, D.D., to have charge of the land, D.D. broadcasting, under the title "World Neighborhood News," for half an Gospel Need in Oregon hour on Friday afternoons at 3: 30. Among the.subjects already presented DR. W. O. FORBES, who is now in this broadcasting are: ' , Christian superint.ending Sunday – school Silk Worms in China," "Medical missions in southern· Oregon, describes Miracles in India, " , 'Missionary Oregon's four southeastern counties as Athletics in the Philippines," "Chris· still "a spiritual wilderness." These tian Progress in Brazil," "The Pres· counties cover as much territory as ent War in China," "The Story of the whole state of Indiana, but the ~'eng, China's Christian GeneraL" population-35,OOO in all-is not yet above au average of one person to Reports will be given of conditions every square mile of space. The and work in various foreign countries, largest town numbers only 2,500 peo· especially China and Siam, the mis· pIe, and there are but four other mu· sion study topics for this year, and in nicipalities in the region which have South America where the Montevideo as many as 1,000 residents. The popu· Congress is to be held in April, 1925. lation is, therefore, almost entirely Stories for the "Children's Hour" rural. The people arc by no means will also be furnished by the Board of poverty.stricken, for dairy farming, Foreign Missions. grazing and logging afford a very sub· stantial basis of economic life, but the This is the first attempt by any section is isolated and there are prac· church to broadcast news regularly tically no facilities for travel. The from foreign mission fields and it is gospel missionaries resident in the hoped that it will prove to be valuable region are few indeed, and they reach enough to warrant its continuance. only a very small fraction of the popu· Letters will be appreciated by the lation in consequence. Dr. Forbes Board and the Radio Station if the says, "The inhabitants are growing plan is approved by those who "listen up in practical heathenism. More in." The Station address is WFBH, itinerant missionaries are urgently Majestic Hotel, 72d Street and Cen· needed.' '-The Continent. tral Park West, New York City. MOrD1onisD1 in Idaho UndenoD1inational Conference T HAT Mormon infl.uence is growing AN American Conference of Unde· rapidly in Idaho is graphically nominational Churches which was shown by a map prepared by Profes· incorporated one year ago with seven SOl' Deich,· of Gooding College, re· ministers, and several laymen, has ferred to in an article in The Chris· now about one hundred pastors and tian InteUigellcer, which states; "In evangelist.s rvith churches and state all southern Idaho, one third of the snperintendents in several states. The conference has been established UJlon the principles of taking the Bible as

population is Mormon. Most of the adequate, however, and in many cases communities of the eighteen counties there are no schools within a reasonon the map contain a Mormon popula- able distance of communities of contion running from twenty-five per siderable size. The enforcement of cent to ninety per cent of the total. compulsory attendance laws is un- The Evangelical work is badly handi- thought of. From one half to two capped by the over-churching of small thirds of the present generation of towns. This fractionalizes the non- school age children are not attending Mormon population and leaves the any school. Of those who do attend, Mormon church in possession of the larg<~ llumbers drop out before they community appeal. As the latter have completed the third grade. The stresses amusements, particularly rllral schools only try to meet a bare dancing, a goodly number of Evan- sixth-gTade requirement, usually fifthgelical Christian young people are at- grade requirements are barely met. tracted to it. When the depressing You ask why such conditions exist; spiritual influence of large blocs of ,Vhat seems to me to be the answer is Mormons is considered, it is clear that that the dominating religious influunless countervailing measures are ences have not demanded or even entaken, real Christianity in southeast- couraged educational opportunities, ern Idaho and similar sections of but rather more frequently have opother states, faees depletion and de- posed anything tending toward progfeat. The only cure for this condition ress. Protestant efforts are already is to be found in reciprocal exchange accomplishing much." of churches on a large scale, in a marked increase of all missionary and GENERAL church extension appropriations for the building of adequate churches and The Church and War community hOllses, especially the latter, and the elevation of ministerial THE influence exerted on public personnel to a much higher standard opinion by the Protestant Church than the 10(;al resources of the field in the matter of popularizing the conwill permit." ception of a warless world has been emphasized by the Christian Century, In Southern Louisiana whieh says: "Since the beginning of t.his year this has become a matter of FRANK E. TOMLIN, of the M. E. grave public concern. The action of Church, South, writes; " The students at Indianapolis,and later in other places, served to crystallize the French population of southern Louisi- issue for the churches. Churches of ana is estimated at approximately all communions continue to go on 300,000. Some of the conditions with record as unalterably opposed to the which we are faeed in the work among present war system. With the churchthem today are (a) an almost unbe- es alive, the stirring of a large portion lievable amount of illiteracy.; (b) a of the nation has followed in less than lack of illeals, depenrlability, and a six months. The first impulse of the sense of regard for obligations; (e) newspaper:; in dealing with this new indolence and lack of ambition; (d) situation was to deride and brand it. superstitions and false notions; (e) But it is noticeable that, in all save carly marriage and inordinately large the out-and-out jingo papers, the profamilies, and along with that (f) pov- miscuous htlrling of hard names has erty and insanitary living conditions. almost ceased. This change of tone is Illitera.cy running as high as one hun- at once an evidence of the progress of dred per cent is not uncommon in the movement and of the influence rural communities. There. are public that the Church really holds in the· schools, of conrse, and some are doing American community." good work. Facilities are far from

MISSJrONARY

The History of the Wesleyan Methodist a full account of the conflict between the Christian Church and the slave Missionary Society. By G. G. Findlay, owners of the West Indies. Volume D.D., and W. W. Holdsworth, M.A., B.D. III describes the founding of the in- 5 vols. 18s per volnme. The Epworth Press. London. 1921-1925.

These portly volumes, averagiug dependent Methodist Churches of some 500 pages each, not only chron- A~stralia and New Zealand, together iele the history of the Wesleyan Meth- wIth the memorable missionary tri- odist Missionary Society, but they umphs of Wesleyan missionaries in the likewise report the outstanding events barbaric and cannibal islands of the of the spread of the faith of the Wes- southern Pacific. Volume IV tells the leys in North America and Europe, as scarcely less interesting st.ory of the well as in the British extensions in Society's work in South and Central Australia and New Zealand. Volume Africa and of Methodist expansion in V completes the work intended origi- Europe, together with the establish- naUy as part of the centenary cele- ment at home of its Women's Auxilbration of the Society, held in 1913. iary. The final volume, just pub- With the exileption of the earlier lished, is devoted to the missions in work of the Church Missionary So- Ceylon, India and China, "where tre- ciety, these volumes constitute the mendous problems have been faced finest history of a separate Foreign and results achieved which have laid Missionary Society yet published-a a firm foundation for the triumphs of worthy output of more than a decade the future. The men and women of diligent collation of manuscript through whom this progress has been records, careful examination of in- won stand vividly out from these nmperable missionary periodicals, nu- pages. and native churches and native merous volumes by missionaries and Christians have their place of honor."

a general survey of other more re- The editor adds a detailed chronolog- mote sources of varied information. ical table which conneCts the mis- Though the lamented Dr. Findlay sionary history with events. of the and his talented daughter were so time-a valuable feature of the book.

central in the earlier period of pro- When we compare these five vol- duction, the chief collaborator is Mr. urnes, the equal number of even fuller Holdsworth, who not only reedited volumes of the Church Missionary the material left by Dr. Findlay, but Society's History, the scarcely less who has given unity and a clear relief Valuable history, issued by the Lonto the long record 0:1' Wesleyan mis- don Missionary Society, not to men- sionary activities. tion the fine volumes recording the In a later number of the REVIEW achievements of the Society for the an article will appear based on the Propagation of the Gospel and the work as a whole. Volume I was writ- B~itish and Foreign Bible Society, ten by Dr. Findlay, and contains an WIth the sketchy or antiquated histo- account of the century's development ries published by our great American of the Society at home and its earliest missionary societies, we can only hang missions, resulting in the establish- our heads in shame and hope that ment of the Methodist Church in the some speedy action may be taken by United States and Canada. In Vol- the older and larger societies of the ume II we find the stirring history of United States to remedy this great their missions in the West Indies, and defect and so supply our churches 933

with the inspiring accounts of what Mexico to two favorites who proved to our brethren and sisters abroad have be agents of the interventionist, Mr. accomplished in the planting and up- Hearst; the granting to Colonel building of the Kingdom of God in Greene of enormous copper concesthe non-Christian world. H. P. B. sions in Sonora; the granting of per- sonal concessions to the United States Mexico, An Interpretation. Carleton Beals. Ambassador Thompson with which he 280 pp. $2.50. B. W. Huebsch. New organized the United States Banking York. 1923. Company and the Pan American Railroad Company, the arranging Mr. Beals represents the viewpoint through the Cientifico law office of of the radical Mexican of today. Since Senor Joaquin Casasus, for immense this type of ~'fexican is now in control rubber concessions to Rockefeller and and will probably be still more now Aldrich. One hundred and forty-five that Sr. Calles is elected president, it million acres were practically given is an important book for North Amer- away to twenty-eight personal friends icans to read. It is the first attempt of Diaz. It is claimed that nearly in English to interpret, the history of 300,000,000 acres were sold for ap- Mexicu from the social standpoint. proximately five cents a hectare. In addition, immense oil and mineral con- The opening chapter on "Indian cessions were made to various Amer- Heritage" is a discerning statement ican and English companies, among of the fact that the backbone of Mex- them the Guggenheim interests. The ico is still Indian. The Spanish civili- rubber concessions to Rockefeller and zation and' religion is a kind of a Aldrich in Durango ruined a great veneer, with the Indians, still confid- number of poor towns; the privileges ing in their old gods, though they may granted temporarily to the Tlahualilo be dressed in the clothes of a modern Company on the Nazas River-a comsaint. The exploitation of those In- pany which Ambassador Henry Lane dians by the r.arly conquistadores in Wilson supported with his official inthe name of the Church of Rome, is fluence–ruinerl the river-dwellers; painted with appalling details. In no the grants in Sonora, immediately re- English book of rccent years has the sold to American land companies, de- Church, beginning with the abuses of spoiled the Yaquis of their river lands, the colonial days, beEm handled so precipitating a bloody struggle that frankly and severely. has lasted down to the Obregonregime, and which co'>t the Dictator alone no Mr. Beals believes that the solution less than 510,000,000 pesos; the of the Mexican problem is social. The concessions which divided Quintana many revolutions of the past hundred Roo among a few companies led to years have rarely had social signifi- ~evolts and massacres; the timber concance. But in the revolution of Juarez cessions in the State of Mexico to the and in the one from 1910-1920-still paper factories of San Rafael and going on-the dreams of the people Anexas wrenched away the village are working toward reality. "The holdings of the district. In other locreation of an intelligent people, de- calities the ejidos were enclosed by cently fed, decently sheltered, having the nearest great landholder. practical edll<'avion in civil responsibility is the only sure road out of the Diaz's methods could not continue. morass." Madero the dreamer and spiritualist, appeared at the psychological mave- Mr. Beals describes how the modern ment. But he was no match for the foreign exploitation was fostered by reactionary forces that set themselves Diaz on top of the old Spanish ex- against them. ploitation: "The sale of the lower half of Lower California for a song The third division of the book is to Mr. Lui;; Fuller, who passed it on given to a study of thc Social Fabric. to an American coloniring company; the sale or 7,fiOO,000 acres in northern

1924J THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY 93b

It is a more profound study than the "That t.he missionaries had not been interesting popular study by Prof. taken into the official counsels is evi- Ross in his "Social Revolution In denced by t.he statement made by Mexico. " The chapter on the "Rise Enoch F. Bell, Associate' Secretary of of the Mexican Proletariat" shows the American Board of Commission- how the labor unions have grown into ers for l!'oreign Missions, in taking ex- great power, and what the backing of ception to Senator l!'all's sudden the Amel'jean !<'ederation of Labor has ecclesiastical interest: 'So far as I done toward defeating intervention have been able to ascertain, our mis- movements in the United States. sionaries in Mexico do not suffer any The chapter on "The Aristocracy" disability or persecution either from gives revolting descriptions of the the Government or from non-govern- immorality and weakness of this class, mental sources. I cannot say that our developed largely during the Diaz ad- work has been seriously handicapped ministration. by any provisions of the Mexican con- The" Poreign Invasion" is treated stitution or laws passed thereunder.

without gloves. The foreigners have, I don't think that our government through the centuries, controlled the would ever be justified in demanding economic life, and hence the people. that the constitution of Mexico be But, aside from the early Church fa- changed to suit our tastes …. Under thers, none have seriously attempted no circumstances would we, the repre- to help the people to adjust them- sentatives of American churches, allow selves to the trying facts of their dis- our missionary interests to be so close- rupted social medium; and the ly tied up to those of political and people's own governing aristocracy financial interest that are involved in during historic crises have always Secretary Pall's 'letter….. ' "

stood on the side of the invader. The While one cannot agree with a numforeigners have little interest in the ber of positions taken in the book, it l-fexican or his fate, and though large- is an important contribution to the ly responsible for much of his present discussion of the Mexican Question.

sordid condition, they consider him s. G. I. worthless.

From the days of the Spanish cava- In the Land of Sweepers and Kings. Geo. lier to the modern American foreign E. Miller. 194 pp. $1.00. Powell and residents have been largely domposed Whit~. Cincinnati, Ohio. 1922.

of the adventurous get-rich-quick-type, This book by Dr. Miller, of the Disdevoid of moral principle or social ciples Mission in the Central Provresponsibility, inces in India, merits very high praise. 'rhere are no dull places in it. The The very ~evere strictures on Amer- author has come very close to the peoicans in Mexico are unhappily true ple in sympathy and service, and has so arranged his matter as to make his about many, but are unjust to a large descriptions reveal what he thinks and class who, though they maintain old knows by experience. politieal theories, yet ~till have affection for the Mexican people. A clear and .detailed statement is given con- Underlying the narrative is a somecerm~g the way the American petro- thing which makes a real missionary leum lllterests have manipulated their book of it. Without cant or melo- ~overn~ent and the Amemcan public drama the author tells of real people III th8lr efforts to control without and real animals, genuine trials and compensations, Mexico's 'enormous disappointments, all the while making supply of oil. clear that the task in which he is en- In regard to Mr. Pall's pretended gaged is one that might well command representation of missionary forces in the best talent and devotion of the asking for changes in Article 27 of the Church. The picture is wonderfullT Constitution, Mr. Beals says: true to nature. J. c. R. B. USED IN OVER ONE MILLION CHRISTIAN HOMES HURLBUTS STORYOf THE BIBLE BY JESSE LYMAN HURLBUT. D.l).

Recommended by all denomlnallons for H8 freshness and accurac" for Its simpH.lly of language, for Its freedom from doctrinal discussion.

A COMPANION VOLUME TO THE BIBLE FOR TEACHERs-5TUDENTS-FOR THE HOME AND SCHOOL One hundred and I!!irly-eight stories each complete in i teelf. yet forming a. continuous narrative of the Bible from Genesis to Revelation.

The world old stories rendered vit6lly interesting by the Doted author's fresh and realistic treatment. The Biggest and Best Illustrated Book for the p.lce. Octavo, 767 pages, 16 color plates, 21>0 illustrations. PRICE $2.00 On 1Ja/.6 '" aU BooksellaB. lkprBBentattlea Wanted.

THE JOHN C. WINSTON CO., Book and Bible Publishers, 25911ilnston Bldg., PhlladeIDhla NEW BOOKS mation, International COmmittee, Y. M. C. A. New York. 1924. :Bolivar, Liberator· of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and :Bolivia. Henry R. God Wills It·-a Tale of the First Crusade. :Lemly. 4·41 pp. Stratford Co. Boston. Wm. Steams Davis. 552 pp. $1.50. Mae- 1923. millan Co. New York. 1901.

Progress of World Wide Missions. Robert Following Fully. Wm. Gilmore. 143 pp. H. Glover. 372 pp. $2.50. George H. 28. Pickering & Inglis. Glasgow. Doran Co. New York. 1924. Studying the Book of Genesis. M. Ryerson Kingdom Without Frontiers. Hugh Mar· Turnbull. 120 pp. Presbyterian Com· tiu. 91 pp. $1.00. Macmillan Co. New mittee of Publication. Richmond. 1924. York. 1924. Salvage of Souls: A Memorial of the Work Arab at Home. Paul W. Harrison. 337 pp. of Gertrude Marley Fletcher. (China.) $3.50. Thomas Y. Crowell Co. New Isabel M. Angus. 112 pp. 28, 6d. Carey York. 1924. Press. London. 1924 Clash of Color. Basil Mathews. lW pp. Andrew Young of Shensi: Adventure in Medical Missions. J. C. Keyte. 313 pp. 75 cents, paper; $1.25 cloth. Missionary Education Movement. New York. 1924. 68. Carey PresS. London. 1924.

Christianity and, the Race Problem. J. H. The Missionary Genius of the Bible. Ver- Oldham. 265 pp. $2.25. George H. non F. Storr. 192 pp. 38, 6d. Hodder Doran Co. New York. 1924. & Stoughton. London. 1924.

Our Empire's Debt to Missions. J. N. Ogil- A Short History of India, From the Earliest vie. 78, 6d. I{odder & Stoughton. Lon- Times to the Present Day. E. B. HaveH. don. 1924. 290 pp. 38, 6il. Macmillan Co. New York and IJondon. 1924. Documents on Christian Unity, 1920-1924. Edited by G. K. A. Bell. 382 pp. $2.50. Progress of Education in India, 1917-1922. Oxford University Press. New York. 1924. J. A. Riehey. Eighth Quinquennial Re· view. Vol. I, 241 pp. 28, 3d. Vol. II, Hawaii, the Rainbow Land. Katherine 189 pp. 28. King. LOlldon. 1924. Pope. 358 pp. $3.00. 'f. Y. Crowell Co. New York. 1924. Mahatma 'Gandhi: An Essay in Apprecia- tion. R. M. Gray and Manilal C. Parekh. Chamberlain's Japanese Grammar. Revised Builders of Modern India Series. Illus. by J. G. McIlroy. 138 pp. $2.00. Uni- 136 pp. Cloth, Rs. 2; paper, Rs. 1.4. versity of Chicago Press. Chicago. 1924. Assoeiation Press. Calcutta. Paper, 3s. Student Christian Movement. London. What Shall I Do With My Lifel Harold I. 1924. Donnelly. 248 pp. $1.25. Presbyterian Board of Publication. Philadelphia. 1924. The Christian Forces in Bengal. W. Carey. 24 pp. 4 as. 5 Russell Street. Calcutta. Rural Religions Organization. J. H. Kalb 1924. and C. J. Bornman. 63 pp. University of Wisconsin. Madison, Wis. 1924. Out of the Miry Clay: The Story of the Haidarabad Mission to the Outcastes. F. Wilfred Grenfell, The Master Mariner. Colyer Sackett. 79 pp. Is. W. M. M. S. Basil Mathews. 178 pp. $1.50. George London. 1924. H. Doran. New York. 1924. Village Folk of India. R. H. Boyd. 112 Place of Boyhood in the Nations of the pp. lB,6a. U_ C. M. E. LondoD. 1924. World. Report of the Second World Con- ference of Y. M. C. A. Workers Among When I Was a Boy in India. Satyananda Boys, 1923. 355 pp. Bnreau of Infor- Roy. 218 pp. $1.25. LQthrop Lee & Shepard. Boston. i924. '

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w.Graham

Great Britain's Foremost Bible Teacher AGAIN The Sunday School Times has brought to this country the every-week writing of a British Bible teacher who stands in the fore- front of Bible exposition in the English speak- ing world, and now introduces W. Graham Scroggie, of Edinburgh, Scotland, to Amer- ican Sunday-school life.

There is no ~lan before the public to-day who combines more notably a deep spiritual insight, unshaken faith in the whole Bible and all the Christian fundamentals with rare power of literary expression, and scholarship of the most exacting sort. In December Mr. Scroggie will commenCe one of the richest, most comprehensive and at the same time practically useful treatments of the International Uniform Lessons ever published; it will appear exclusively, every week, in (published every week) IrolllllasteJ" Ridgway, in his Busy Men's perts, keep teacher and class on tiptoe of Corner, bums unforgettably into men's eager search. lives his white-hot sparks of spiritual steel. Christian Cartoons, a converted news- This Wee~'s Teaching Principle is paper man's pungent satire exposing error brought out, m every lesson, by Professor and making the truth glow. Charles Calvert Ellis, a leading educationist. From the Platform, Philip E. Howard gives a three-minute talk to the whole ROUlld Table Illustrati¥Jlts, sent by multi- school, clinching the lesson's heart-truth. tudes of readers, are remembered when all else is forgotten. Say, Fellows! is an inimitable talk, both sparkling and serious, to bOYS and teachers Lesson Q'lestiolls, wrought out by ex- of boys.

The rollicking Little Jett., Bible-picture folk whom a father'. genius and fountainpen brought to life, are on hand every we"k with their .lectric enthusiasm.

These are but a few of the many unusual supply each teacher and officer in your helps, every week, on the International Lessons; and in addition the Whole Bible Sunday-school. Test the Times! Save Lesson Course of the Christian Funda- one-fourth of the single subscription price, mentals Association is fully treated in each $2.00 a year, by organizing a club of five issue. Yet many readers write and say or more subscribers at the club rate of that, although they are not in the Sunday- $1.50 a year. We allow the club organizer school, at all, the other departments in the Times are so valuable that they cannot do one subscription additional for every ten' without it. paid for in a club, and we offer an at- tractive choice of needed books to those Please send for enough free· specimen oopies of The Sunday School Times to who organize new clubs. Please ask for specimen copies and the book offers to- day, mentioning Missionary Review of the World.

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You Want D~~:f 68 i;~~Rgih~: Half

MACLAREN~S EXPOSITIONS THIS Is a set of books which. when you possess It, you will agree is worth. any price ever asked now we have 68 sets which we secuff'd at a saving that we pass on the 6S. prompt Missionary the World readers. These books wlu not merely grace your library; with your Bible and your mental knowledge of things hUIll"n and DiviDe. they wlll provide spiritual and mental food fOl" who look to you for spiritual teaching and uplift. And YOu may bave them, If you hul'l'Y. le88 price. Examine thein. They are now offered for the first time at a. price less than half at which mental work was sold In its arlgiDal and more bulky form. A. truly wonderf'll opportunity.

IS YOUR WORK EFFICIENT? ~~o!h::: .~~r:l ~~d~~~~a~l~l:~t!~tl~TtI~;I~f {)rganization that failure of the real object of the Church's mission is threatened. Safety a condition is provided only in the highest spiritua.l equipment of preacher and teacher. The follow devotlcn to .fixed and v..ell-eatablished principles. The money to €:quip and wcrk the Dl11en.m"l'l'_ of an active Church will came freely [rom a people who can "give a reason for the hope" that ARE YOU A SUCCESSFUL PREACHER? Jfls Is a 't':.e:ttion.

back over the really successfUl preachers who come to your easy recollection. win thi! preaching has been of the Evangelical expository type there have been Moody; O. H. Spurgeon; G. Campbell Morgan; Joseph Parker; F. B. Meyer," J. H. Maclaren; George Jf'. Pentecost, all;;d Jrany mcre are conspicuous exampl~s. Id it one of these men depended upon so..called timely topics or essays-but rather on emphasiS teachings of the Word of God and the n~ed for personal salvation. Would you be a preacher purpose? Then you, too~ need Maclaren I HOW ABOUT YOUR OWN CHURCH? The mission of your Church is to go into active competition parallel lines with the theatre, the moving picture show, the lecture platform or the concert ball; if you are defeated before you begin. The message and the power of the Chur'ch are greater than any all of these social forces combined. The world jg hungry to-day for the Gospel-and its need is success of your Church and of eVf!ry Church is in the effectiveness of the pulpit (Jarnest, fearless preaching and teaching of the Wcrd of GOd'-SllCh prEaching and teaching Read These Sixteen Opinions of Moulders of the World's -.-..,….."..

Rev, J". X. Jowett, D.D., reoently pas- rhe Christian Advocate: It would be The Record ot Ctufstian tor Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church, dim cult to find in equal compas~ so priceleS$ value to ministers New York: Dr. Maclaren is as dis· much ot sound learning and spiritual students alike, tinguished tor his mastery of the insight. . The Christian InteUigeneer: Of BJble In the original language as for The ~nstiau World: Dr~ Macla~n's perlative value as a contribution bis marvelous oratory. work IS fresh, stimulatIng,. brJght· Biblical knowledge. 'I'ruly II Rev. Robert S, MacArthur, D.D., late eoed ~,. the play of a sanchfied im· mental achie'en.ent! President of World's Baptist Congress, ~Fosn:th~~d °S~~d;:uallY belpful in the The ~ritish Weeldy: Ne'W' York: The wide circulatl0n ot these volumes will prove n 'blesrdng The Westminster: Tbe complete set expoSltors have the sa.m.e forms R commentpry on the entire Dr. Maclaren in percelVmg to the entire Christian Church. Prof. WUlit'm Cleaver Wilkinson, Au- :l~!~. that cannot be repi!l.ced by any ~~fl i~~~fs~minence the really thor of 4IModeru. Masters of Pulpit Discolll'Se:" Dr. Aiaclaren's wo:k The Congregationalist: Frulttul and The Outlook: These volumes equals, if it does Dot exceed in pres~ stimulating lessoll!'J to Uving J!:um and treasury of thought tor aU who ent practical value to ministers, any WOIDen. These volumes have abiding the ScrIptures. single similar body of produ~tion eX- ;~~epre8byterian: Dr. Maclaren ex. The ~aptist ~us: OI.'. Maylaren, isting' in any literature, ancient or it/I presses bis thought in su('h exquisite ~ol()ssus, seizes upon tl1e hllltoPS modern. nnd accurate language AS to put Importance, The Continent: These expositions are the ripe fruitage of a long pulpit life. Tin~teo the reeder's heart. The Christian Index: Nowhere It is a modern preacher's commentary. Baltimore Methodist: ·Spiritual there be found clearer exposition It is a busy student's short cut to wlsdom, se.Hmd and lucid exposition, the Word, deeper insight into the main spiritual meanings of the apt and plcturesque llluf1tration. are spirit, nor richer clothing of Bible~ combined in Dr. Maclaren's WQL'k. truths In. language.

!!.s.-s-.-S-C-RA-N'-T-O-N'-CO-Ja'-AN'-Y-.- – – – – – – . THE BOOKS AND THEIR MAKING ~~ rgl~znes 146 Plimpton Bldg" Hartford, Conn. brary. Each volume is 6 x 9 x 2 Inches. Send me the set of Maclaren's ExpOSItions 47 pounds. The printing is done from of Holy Scripture in 17 vo1umes, for whicll I highest-priced edition ever published, on :~~gt Yri't~nf~s h($27it~ at!i?) $~r e$g~ ~d~fRQ~~~ ~Weerty~~d l~h~I~!~d~;d i~h~ll~~~~l~asl W~~~a1. ::r:ea~tieen~ri~~le~~_l ofiifi~rn~ri~ ~::oo~s r~~ r~~~~~x~~ta:~~r~~~f~~~e:eJ.tSgr~~~i~I~:~~lit~~tng the you witliin 5 days and you will send back my URe of any passage of Scripture, At less than balf no minister or teacher can afford to deny himself this $3 less the return charges, Name How to secure this ureat work at less Address " 01 former price ~~~ ~~ii'e °in t~l~ ~~~s!~t 3!'ore venient and equally elegant 17 volumes, you save than one·half, To Secure thI"'- set at less than price. fill 011t and mail the COUPC·H,

The Missionary Review of the World — July 1924

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~e

~e MOSLEM

eA QUARTERL Y MAGAZINE Published in .JANUARY, APRIL• .JULY. OCTOBER EDITED BY SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, CAIRO, EGYPT ASSOCIATE EDITORS: REV. H. U. WEITBRECHT STANTON. Ph.D., London. Rw. W. ST. CLAIR TISDALL, Ph.D.. London.

PROF. D. B. MM;DONALD. M.A .. D.D.• Hartford. Conn. MR. MARSHALL BROOM HALL, London.

CANON W. H. T. GAIRDNER. B.A.. Cairo. Egypt. REV. E. M. WHERRY. D.D.• India.

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REV. S. RALPH HARLOW, M:A., Smyrna.

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PERSONALS DR. FRANK MASON NORTH, Secretary of REV. JOHN H. RITSON, D.D., who has COI11the Board of Foreign Missions of the Metho· dist Episcopal Church, has been retired on pleted twenty·five years of serv:ce as secre· reaching the age limit, but is maile "Consulting Secretary." Dr. Titus Lowe has tary of the British and Foreign Bible been elected a bishop, and Dr. Ralph E. Diffendorfer, of the Committee on Conserva· Society, is spending six months in a world tion and Advance, anil Dr. John R. .' Edwards have been made secretaries of the tour. Foreign Board. REV. F. B. MEYER, D.D., has resigned the principalship of the All Nations Bible Col· lege. James F. Arthur, the '·ice·principal, has also resigned.

*•• DR. MARy MILLS PATRWK, founder of MRS. THERESA WILBUR PAIST, a sister of Constantinople College and its president for the Secret,ary of the Navy, was re·-elected national president of the Young Women's thirty·four years, has resigned after having spent fifty-three years in educational work . Christian Association at the recent conven'

among the women of the Near East. tion in New York.

"•* BISHOP LOGAN II. ROOTS, of Hankow, China, has resigned from the position of DR. A. G. ANDERSON, of the M. E. Hos· Secretary of the National Christian Council pital in Pyengya;ng, Korea, was honored on on accollnt of the refusal of the Protestant the recent occasion of the marriage of the Episcopal Church to sanction his acceptance, Prjnce lli3gellt of Japan by the gift of two and returned to Hankow to live. He will, of course, eontinue to assIst tlle Council as hunured yen, a silver cup bearing the im- far as possible. perial crest anil a certificate stating that the gift had been made for a long period of PAUL KANAMORI, sometimes called "the Moody of Japan," has been making an exsocial service. * * * tensive tour in Austral'a and New Zealand_ CHARLES STEL.~LE will make a study of economic and religious conditions in Russia, Germany, Greece, Haly and England during the coming summe!.

REV. HARRIS E. KIR.K, D.D., of Baltimore. REV. J. 1. LANDSMAN, formerly of the Hebrew Christian Testimony of London, has Md., is expecting to address gatherings of been studying Jewish life in the vicinity of missionaries in China this summer at tbe New York City and New Jersey. three hill statiolls, Kuling, Mokanshan and Peitaiho. (Concluded on page 491) Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. Know What Leaders Are Saying and Doing IN HOME AND FOREIGN MISSIONS niB MISSIONARY READ ~'WORID Robert E. Speer (Editorials) Helen Barrett Montgomery John R. Mott (International M. C.) Charles L. White (Home Missions) Samuel M. Zwemer (Moslems) William I. Chamberlain (India) James L. Barton (Turkev) 1. Lilias Trotter (Africa) Milton T. Stauffer (China) Frank Mason North( Miscellaneous) Paul W. Harrison (Arabia) H. V. S. Peeke (Japan) Mrs. Henry W. Peabody (Women) Amy Wilson Carmichael (India) Mrs. E. C. Cronk (Methods) S. Hal! Young (Alaska) Some Good Things to Come The Essential Christian Message ………………………….. Symposium Modern Miracles of Missions ….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Series Why I Am a Missionary …………….. ………….. . . . . . . . . . .. Series America and Europe The Papago Indians …………………………….. Mrs. F. S. Herndon The Student Work in Europe …………………………. Fred H. Rindge Evangelistic Work in Belgium ……………………… Mrs. Ralph Norton Progress in Alaska .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. S. Hall Young Crown Jewels at Crown Point …………………………. " Henry Beets Non-Christian Lands Colombia-A Little Known Field ………………………… A. M. Allan An Afghan Martyr …………………………………. " Alfred Zahir Christian Laymen in Korea ………………………….. ViIliam N. Blair The New Woman of India ………………………. Charlotte C. Vyckoff Through Eastern Laos Land ………………………….. " Hugh Taylor Pioneering in Arabia ;…… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Paul W. Harrison Do Not Miss the Special Number on China (With maps, photographs and charts) 'Vhat Christ Has Done for the Chinese ……………………. Arthur Rugh The Unfinished Task in China ……………. ' ……….. Milton T. Stauffer What Hinders Progress in China …………………….. Frank Rawlinson One Type of a Model Mission Station …………………. , Du Bois Morris Christianity in China Through Chinese Eyes …………………. David Yui The Chinese as Christian Missionaries ………………. Mrs. F. D. GameweU The New Woman in China, ………………………….. Mrs. T. T. Lew r – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – The Message That Brings Results ……………………… Frank A. Keller 1 I The Missionary Review of the World I I SUBSCRIBE NOW IS6 Fifth Avenue, New York 1 I Enclosed please find $2.50 for one year's sub- I Attach a check or money order for I scription beginning ……………………. . I I $2.50 and receive a monthly dividend I Name ………………………………. . I in the form of the most helpful and 1 indispensable missionary magazine. I Address …………………………. . 1 .•…………•…….•….• "I J I Dat~:.:.:.::..:..: ~:.. ..::…:…:.:.:..:.:.:….________ Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Edilol CONTENTS FOR JULY, 1924 ]'RONTISPIECE ………….. " OF ONE BLOO)) , '-OHRISTIANS OF OTHEIi RUES Page 493 EDITORIALS ..••••…………………..•………………………….• 499 RACE PROBLEM – WHAT Is MANT 505 513 JAPANESE AND MISSION SCHOOLS IN CHOSE)'! 515 517 RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN GERMANY 521 524 THE WHITE WORLD AS SEEN BY THE AMERICAN NEGRO. GElORGE E. HAYNES A vieIW of the race p1'oblem, in the ligM of Christia" prindp!es, as seen by an 528 educated leader of the colored race. 529 A RACIAL GOOD WILL MOVE'MENT .. , …•…………. WILL W. ALEXANDER 553 The stCIY'Y of Wha,t has been achieved through cooperation bef11·een members of 538 the white and N egm races in the S01dhern states. 541 R.A:CIAL INTERMARRIAGE IN SOUTH AMERICA ………… OLIVEIRA LIMA 551 554 The Minister Plenipotentiary of Brazil teUs the story of the effect of interracial 557 marriage on the social and political life in the SDuthe,'n conti'IIf'at. 577 A PARABLE OF THE, GOOD AMERICAN ………………… . A. M. ALLAN .A visiom of WMt might be the resUlt of a truly Christian treatmmt of Jewish neighbors in residential districts in America.

REMOVING THE "MIDDLE WALL OF PARTITION" •…… AMOS 1. DUSHAW .A Hebrew Christian discusses the barriers that prevent Hebl'e'ws from acknowl· edging Christ and the way in which tlwse barri-ers may be removed.

A SOLUTION OF THE ASIATIC PROBL,EM IN AMERICA …….. OlE H,~YNE Two bri,ef storie., fram life show the influence of the practice of Chr'istianity on Chine.,e and Japanese in America.

CHRISTIAN TREATMENT OF JAPANESE IN AMERICA . . . . . . . . . . K. OGAWA The pastor of a U'11lion :Church in Oalifornia giv~s the Japanese view of the IWtUaZ and idea~ re'lationships betu'een AmerilXltnS and Orientals on the Padfic Coast.

A KOREAN VIEW OF AMERICA …………………… A KOREAN CHRISTIAN THE FUTURE OF THE RED MEN IN AMERICA ………. HENRY ROE CLOUD The principal of the American India,n Institute in Ka'1tSas, for the traliffling of Indw.n Christian leaders, de.•cribes the infltience of edUdating the chUdren of the R'ea Men to wnderstand and practise the teachings of Christ.

THE CHRISTIAN SOLUTION OJ<' THE RACE PROBLEM … FRANK L. ANDERSON The president of an interracial educationa,l insrtitution in America discusses the fundOlfMntaJ. principles involved in a Christian' att'itude toward those of other races.

COPEC AND FOREIGN MISSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JOlIN M. MOORE .A delegate &eseribes the sigwifica~llce of the conference on Christian poHtics, economics and dtizenship in the light of foreign missinna'ty problems.

BEST METHODS FOR PROMOTING INTERRACIAL SyMPATHY ……. . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EDITED BY MRS. E. O. CRONK ·WOMAlN'S HOME MISSION BULLET'IN-Raee Rfilations ….. : ……… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN-News from Woman's Colleges in the Orient . …………………………………………………… .

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ………………………………………. . THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY-Books on Race Relations ………………. .. .

TERMS: $2.50 a. year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. SingJe copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1924, by MISSIONARY REvmw PUBLISHING Co:MPANY, INC. All rights reserved. '

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Robert E. Speer, President Willam I. Chamberlain. Vice-President Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary Walter McDougall, Treafiturer Publication QlIlc., 3d " Reily Sts., Harrlsburc, Pa. 25c a copy $2.50 a year Editorial and BUSiness Olllce. 156 Fifth Avenue, N…. York City Entered .a .econd-clua matt.r at the Post Olllee, Harrisburg, Pa.• under Act o[ Mareh 3, l8TD. (Concluded from etl cover) ~orbon K. KAGAWA, the Christian labor leader o and social service worker of Kobe, J "'pan, has been doing extensive relief work in Tokyo and recently has been holding evangelistic services the,re, both in tents in the slums and among college students.

•** DR.. ALBERT SOHWEITZER of Strasburg, theologian and mUflician, author of "On the Edge of the Forest Primeval" describing his work as a medical missionary in French Gaboon, has now returned to hjs work in Afri~ REv. PAUL Fox, pastor of St. Paul's AGraduate School of The- ology of high scholastic Polish Church in Baltimore, Md., has been standards and evangelical invited by the Methodist, Presbyterian and loyalty. Degree of B.D. Congregational Churches to become director of Christian work among Poles in Chicago, Theological, MiSSionary, Reli- which is, next to Warsaw, the largest Polish gious – Educational College city in the world. course of four years, college standards. broad curriculum. OBITUARY Degree of Th.D.

REV. ALBERT NORTON, missionary to India NATHAN R. WOOD, Pre.ident for the past fifty-two years and director of the Boys' Christian Home Mission of lndm, GORDON COLLEGE OF THEOLOGY died at Dhond, Poona District, early in AND MISSIONS April. His sons are 'Carrying on the work BOlton, Mas.. which includes six Sunday-schools and a church with one hundred and twenty-five HARTFORD members. SEMINARY FOUNDATION ** Hartford, Conn.

BISHOP HOMER C. STUNTZ.–On June 3d, W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, Pr.aicl.Rf Dr. Homer C. Stuntz, Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, died in Omaha, N e- Theologieal Semit>al'7 .braska, at the age of sixty-six. His death came 'as the result of a stroke suffered in Dean, M. W. Jacobu. Florida last winter. Bishop Stuntz W81l born at Albion., Pennsylvania, January 29, School of R.ligioue Pedagogy 185.8, .and served as a missionary to India Dean, E. H. Knight from 1886 to 1895. Later he was appointed superintendent of miSSions in the Philippine Kennedy School of Mi..ions Islands where he served from 1901 to 19{)7, when he was elected Field Secretary of the Dean, E. W. Capen Board of Foreign Missions and subsequently was Assistant Corresponding Secretary of Through these associated schools Hartford offers t.he Board, 1908 to 1912_ He was then full training for elected Bishop and went to South America where he remained until 1916. Since that 1 ~ The Chri.tian Min.i.fry~ time he has. been General Superintendent of 2. Relilliou. Educa.tion anJ Social Service. the Iowa-Nebraska Episcopal area. 3. The Foreign Field.

*** Each school has its independent faculty and its REV. M. M. KINARD, D.D., LL.D., member own institutional life and togeth~r they form one of the executive committee of the Board of interdenominational institution with the unity of a Foreign Missions of the United Lutherm common aim and spirit. Church, died in Winston-Salem, N. C., March 13, 1924.

MRs. HELEN C. BI!:EGLE, executive secr& tary of the Women'8 Missionary Society of the United Lutheran Church, died in Altoona, Pa., March 12, 19~4.

MR.. JOHN J. EAGAN, "' well known and The pJan for a group of eight buildings' for the highly honored Christian business man and Foundation. includinll dormitories. library. chatJel. philanthropist of Atlanta, Ga., died at his Ilymnasium. as well as separate buildings for each home Mareh 30, 1924. He put his Christian school. is being carried out, The first of these buildings, the Vomen's Dormitory, is now occupje,d principles into practice in his business and under direction of the Dean of Women. Mrs. Lester I was one of the chief backers of the Com- McLean. Jr.

mission on Interracial Cooperation.

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SINGH, SIKH MICHAEL MANSU H

ROBERT R . MOTON, AFRICAN TOYOHIKO KAGAWA, JAPANESE "OF ONE BIJOOD"-CHRISTIANS OF OTHER RACES

MlS-S]oNARY

MW~ VOL. JULY, 1924 NUMBER XLVI! SEVEN THE RACE PROBLEM — WHAT IS MAN7 W HY is there a race problem ~ That there is one, none can deny. . Jews are not everywhere welcomed as neighbors, partners in business or comrades at a summer resort. Chinese, Japanese and East Indians are discriminated against in immigration laws, in naturalization and in school privileges. Negroes and mulattoes (in North America but not in South America) are not generally welcomed in railway coaches, churches or at the dinner tables of the white man. Intermarriage is considered more of a disgrace than interracial immorality. American Indians are placed on reservations and are treated as wards, but not as equals, by the American Government. In some mission fields, white missionaries have been criticized for unbrotherly treatment of Christian natives. In some countries dogs, cats and horses are treated with more consideration than are Negroes, .Tews and Orientals. Why is it that human beings are separated into different political, industrial and social compartments ~ The racial problem is not always the same. In ancient Egypt, Jews were called unclean. In Palestine, the Gentiles were classed with "dogs." In China, until recent years, Americans and British were called "devils. " At times superior force hag been required to produce a change of attitude in race relations.

Whv is it that a difference in color of the skin, a difference in accent, 'in facial characteristics, or in ancestry is considered a greater barrier to brotherly fellowship than lack of physical cleanli~ ness, intelligence or personal characted This is the subject for home mission study during the' coming year. Dr. Robert E. Speer has written the adult textbook – a thoughtful, basic study packed with interesting facts and conclusions. In this brief study, entitled" Of One Blood," he discusses the origin and nature of race and the idea of race superiority; the good and evil in race distinctions; the specific problems in America and their 493

solution according to the teachings of Christ. A new book, an enlarge- ment of this study, will be issued in the autumn under the title: "Race and Race Relations."

While there may be many difficulties in attaining the ideal in our treatment of others differing from us in nationality, color, race or religion, the Christian attitude and purpose is to discover God's view of man and His way of dealing with those of different races. This way is revealed in the Bible, particularly in the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, the Son of God. What is man in God's view7 Clearly "He hath made of one every nation of men to dwell on all the face of the earth … that they should seek God … though He is not far from everyone of us; for we are His offspring" (Acts 17: 26 and 27 R. V.). Few Christian students today deny to all mankind a common ancestry. Genesis describes Eve as "the mother of all living" and Malachi asks, "Have we not all one Father?" God is the God of all mankind. He created man, before there was any racial distinction, in His own image – a spirit akin to God and with possibilities of becoming God- like in character and intelligence. Christ Jesus came into the world to save all.and He is the Saviour of all, without limitations of race or color, but with limitations due to faith or lack of faith in Him.

This does not mean that God sees no distinctions among men. . He called Abraham to be the father of a separated and peculiar peo- pIe; Christians are today called to come out and be separate and sanctified. But this is not to he a separation because of race or color.

n is to be a separation from contaminatio·ns and a setting apart to God's service. The company of God's redeemed is made up "of every tribe and tongue and people and nation." Men are divided by their attitude to Christ and God divides His servants according to the world's need and our readiness to use talents entrusted to us. All are parts of one Body, but there are varied functions – all carried out under the direction of one Head.

How, then, does this Christian ideal work out in a practical way? First, when we recognize all men as God's children, all are included in His loving purpose and in Christ's plan of redemption. Second, when we see men separated, not by race, or nation, but by their rela- tion to God as revealed in Jesus Christ, His Son. Third, we may note a distinction among God's children, due to difference in office, in place of service and in authority. Fourth, mankind is divided into nations, into groups and into families – not that one may look proudly and disdainfully on another but that close unity and homo- genity ~f small companies may bring more effective service.

Members of a human family differ in intelligence, taste, char- acteristics and duties, but that need not prevent loving fellowship, mutual respect and cooperation. Man, of whatever race or nation, is a spirit, akin to God. lIan's body is merely a temporary tent, in which the spirit dwells for a period of training and for service. The

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

tent may be brown or white, red or yellow or black – it matters not, but what does matter greatly is the condition in which the tent is kept, the use to which it is put and the degree of godliness in the spirit that dwells within.

THE JAPANESE AND MISSION SCHOOLS IN CHOSEN W HILE the Japanese Government in Korea has not opposed private schools founded by the Christian missions, it has strongly insisted on the separation of religion and general education, more than is done in America. The following territorial regulations indicate the Japanese attitude: "For the establishment or abolition of a Common School, Higher Common School and Girls' Higher Common School, whether public or private, and a Public Normal School, permission of the Governor-General of Chosen is required" (Art. 24-1922).

"With regard to a private school for particular education and all other educational undertakings, the Governor-General of Chosen is vested with discretionary powers in such matters as are not provided for in this ordinimce'; (Art. 26-1922).

For the establishment of private schools written application to the Governor-General must be accompanied by an account of the personal history of the founder, the object, name, location, and rules of the school, plans of building and grounds, estimates of annual expenditures, ways and means of maintenance with documentary evidence.

No one is allowed to become a founder, principal, or teacher of a private school who has been punished with imprisonment unless pardoned; a bankrupt who has not completed repayment of his debts; one who has been dismissed from office by way of discipline unless pardoned; one who has been dispossessed of his teacher's license; or one who is known to be of bad character and conduct. Thus a private school is under the supervision of the Governor of the province in which it stands.

Mr. J. N. Rodeheaver, who has recently visited Korea, writes that "government recognition in Korea corresponds somewhat to being accredited in America, and since govermnent schools are being rapidly developed, it is important that private schools obtain recognition, for a Christian school not recognized by the Government will be seriously discounted in the minds of many of the people. The failure of some schools to obtain recognition was not alone because of their refusal to omit religious teaching and exercises from the curriculum but in some cases because of their failure to meet other governmental requirements."

Govermnent schools in Korea cannot accommodate all the Koreans who wish to secure an education, and mission schools are needed to suppleI?ent Japanese education. The chief need for Chris-

tian schools is, however, to give the Christian teaching which is necessary for the highest intelligence, character and service to God and men.

In. these respects the Japanese educational system has failed, both in Japan and in Chosen. The Bible is the authoritative textbook to reveal the way of Life and no other system of morals can take its place. The Japanese are discovering this and recent revisions of regulations pertaining to education admit the inclusion of Christian teaching in the regular curriculum. "By the revision introduced any private school may now include religion in its curriculum. It must be remembered, however, that this does not mean any change in the general principle followed by the Government for the separation of religion and education." (Manual of Education, p. 113.) Some leniency has also been shown with regard to the use of the Japanese language in Chosen schools: "As hitherto teachers in private schools are required to be well versed in the Japanese language, but they are not required to use it in teaching certain subjects….. In the teaching of Chinese cla!'lsic~, Korean and foreign languages, as well as that of technical and special subjects, better results may be achieved by not requiring .Japanese only to be used. " (Manual of Education, p. 113.) The problem of mission schools in Chosen is not yet solved and in all mission lands is becoming more complicated as the national governments bring their schools to a higher degree of efficiency. The main thing to be remembered is that the first and most essential aim of Christian missionaries is to give the Gospel of .Jesus Christ to all those to whom they minister.

RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN GERMANY* I N THE religious life of Germany there is evident among the masses a setback in religious instruction and an open opposi- tion to the Church, while at the same time there are signs of a new religious awakening and a deepening of religious life among some classes.

The German revolution following the war brought about a partial separation of Church and State. The Church still receives appropriations through the State, and religious workers have to look to the State for their meager support. Some religious leaders hope for the day of a complete separation of Church and State in order to produce a more vital religion and a more sacrificial living.

Religious instruction in state schools has practically been abolished, and nothing else has yet taken its place. Young people are, therefore, growing up without religious instruction. The new constitution declares that religious instruction shall remain a regular *Notes from an article in The Christian Work by the Rev. Calvin Klopp Staudt, Ph.D., formerly of the American University of Beirut, w'ho spent about five months studying religious conditions in Germany. ..

1924J EDI'fORIAL CO:MMENTS

course of study in the schools, but it became evident, when this article was interpreted in the light of other provisions of the constitution, that the death-knell of religious instruction in the schools had sounded. The Association of Teachers put itself on record as being unwilling to assume the responsibility of teaching religion and to do so would place God the Father on a level with 'Votan. '{'he Saxon Government also required parents to file a statement if they desired their children to have religious instruction.

A new type of vocational schools, known as F'ach und ·F'oTd- bildun.q Schulen, have sprung up all over Germany especially in the industrial centers. All studies revolve around the particular trade or profession for which the pupils are being prepared and special textbooks are issued for each tnide and profession. For the sake of efficiency and of making a machine out of a nation there is nothing in the educational world like it. This type of education gives no opportunity for the unfolding of life, but rather produces educational one-sidedness.

A still more serious situation in the religious life of Germany is the strong opposition to the Church and religion on the part of the Socialists and Communists. The" Reds" openly attack the Church and disseminate hostile literature. They attempt to show that religion is a myth and that the Church is the tool of capitalists and organized Christianity an economic burden to society. They have their Sunday-schools, but in them they teach not religion, but atheism. In order to hold the young people, at the completion of their atheistic catechetical instruction, they have a ceremony which is patterned after the confirmation rite in the churches.

There is also an out-of-the-Church movement into the ranks of Socialists and Communists or into the simple class of "freethinkers. " .Already there are twenty-five million Socialists and Communists in Germany. Statistics show that the withdrawals from the Church for the last few years average over three hundred thousand yearly -that is, from the Evangelical and Roman Catholic Churches, some of whom may, however, have gone into the dissenting sects.

The churches in Germany are having difficulties in these times, but they are free, separated virtually from the State and no longer connected with the aristocracy or subject to the ruling body.. Ministers are beginning to speak in the pulpit without fear or favor. The great task of the Church in Germany today is to save the nation spiritually and to check the moral deterioration of the people. It is also to meet the attacks of Socialists and Communists. Before the war, the life of the Church was too easy and pampered. She must now put up a fight for self-preservation and for the salvation of the nation. In some there is a spirit of deep religious consecration and an intense longing for Christian fellowship. While breaking away from the conventional forms of religion, young people are seeking

the religious life and sometimes a practical expression in Christian service. The Christian Endeavor Societies in Germany have nearly trebled since the war began, and activities have multiplied in like measure. A new missionary verein has been founded to intensify spiritual life and do Christian work. The German Young Men's Christian Association is also in many places doing a noble work. The falling off of students enrolled in the Theological Department of the University is chiefly due to economic reasons-German clergy receiving only a pittance of a salary-yet some classes in theology and philosophy are crowded. The aspiring German youth has been driven to serious thinking about God and reality and seeks the guidance of men who have thought deeply on this subject.

The BishGp of Saxony recently declared to a large and attentive audience of students in the University of Leipzig, that our Christianity must become more ethical; a higher morality must take hold of the people; a finer spirit of brotherhood, of helpfulness and of service must be developed in the churches; and that we must live more deeply and vitally the Christian life.

A new. note is also being struck in the teaching of religion and theology, by the introduction of Christian sociology. Studies which have to do with the Christianizing of the social order found no place in the curricula of former years. Professor Adolph Deissmann, of the University of Berlin, when asked about the relig'ious life of Germany after the war, lately said: "Weare less dogmatic, less destructive, I think…… Attention is also given to certain neglected sociological problems in the light of the New Testament and the necessity of the Christianizing of the political life." The rabid attack of the German Socialists on the Church has grown in large measure out of a one-sided interpretation of Christianity.

Germans need the power, the restraint and the unifying force of religion; and they need to learn the value and efficacy of Christianity in social and political life. Another encouraging feature is the establishment of a Religionslehrer-Seminar, a school of religion for lay workers, founded in Leipzig shortly after the war. It has a three years' course, and is supported by contributions from German people and by foreign gifts. The primary aim of this school is to train up men and women who can give the highest type of religious instruction to children who are now being deprived of religious instruction in the public schools.

Religion in Germany may again work wonders and become a great blessing to the people. As Professor Rudolf Kittel said in his opening lecture last winter to his students on the Book of Isaiah: "The godless will not heed, but the remnant who understand God will bring in a new life for the Fatherland. Nothing can help but God alone. It behooves us to serve God with all our might in the right way. And in the remnant lies the hope of the new nation."

White World as Seen by

American Negro BY GEORGE E. HAYNES, Ph.D., NEW YORK Secretary Commission Oil! the Church and Race ReJations of the Foderal Counoil of Churches . nAMERICA has a number of national and racial groups that give color to her culture. The Negro group has been playing an important part in this drama of democracy. Frequently they do not reveal their inner selves to their white neighbors. In many periods of American history they did not dare do so openly and frankly, and today, in some localities, they must do or appear to be as their white neighbors wish and not as they desire. Negroes usually wish to please; not to offend. Often they listen with comprehension to their white questioner and respond in such manner as they think he wishes, while they hide the real promptings of their own hearts. We shall here attempt to set down some of the inner attitudes of the American Negro, not as a personal opinion, but as impressions and observations.

A percentage of Negro people has been so "Anglo-Saxonized," through American experience and education, that they move and think and have their being in the whirling world of American culture with its dominant note of commerce, finance and industry. As this element of the Negro group has become inoculated with the white man's philosophy of life, they have necessarily lost some of the dominant motifs of Negro life and character. By contrast, fortunately, there is no distinct aristocracy among Negroes based either upon birth or bank account. The group is democratic with an increasingly strong leadership in its schools, its churches and its press. The latter has achieved its place of the fourth estate under very difficult conditions.

The Negro regards his personal relations with his fellows as more important than any ties established by property relations. For example, if a Negro worker likes his "boss" and is happy with his fellow workmen there is a stronger bond to hold him than a full time-card or a fat pay envelope. Perhaps no other people in European or American history would have remained behind on plantations and taken care of helpless wives and children of masters who were away fighting to retain them in bondage; few would have remained to provide for the support of those same helpless families when the master did not return from the battlefield. This conduct did not arise from cowardice or lack of appreciation of liberty but sprang from the spirit of loyalty and from the capacity of the Negro so to love his friends that he lives out his life for them.

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During the first fifty years after Emancipation the freedmen and their children were fortunate in that their education Was provided by missionary schools organized and taught by Christian missionaries from most cif the principal Protestant denominations. These teachers practiced the unusual art of plain living, high thinking, and exalted loving. Through them thousands of the Negro people felt directly the touch of the great humanitarian and religious emotions that surge through sections of American life. Out of this contact with Christian teachers there arose a band of unselfish racial leaders whose personality has often charmed those who have torn asunder the veil of dissimulation and prejudice and have seen them face to face.

Along with the school grew the Church. Some of these churches are independent bodies that have had the friendly counsel and financial support of white fellow-churchmen. Others have had increasingly less contact with white Christians. Some have been retained as integral parts of the parent organizations and while often in separate congregations have had fellowship in central counsels and the general organization. The friendly touch and the sympathetic ideal of brotherhood though sometimes tenuous has been maintained.

There has been, however, another group of contacts between white and Negro people in America probably involving more phases of their common life than the relationship of teacher and student or that of fellow-churchmen. Such relations, too, have involved millions of the masses of the white people who have never assimilated the liberalizing culture of the white world and millions of the Negro people who have never known the touch of the white missionary teacher or of the liberal churchman. These contacts are those of landowner and poverty-stricken, ignorant tenant frequently exploited; of the industrial employer prospecting principally for profits with little time or inclination to look beneath the swarthy exterior of the "hands" that handle the logs and timbers at his saw-mill or the cotton bales at his warehouse and compress, the pick and shovel on the public work or the brick and mortar in building the city skyscraper. A state-wide conference of Negroes of Georgia in 1923 cited low wages of farm labor, bad housing conditions in cities and rural districts, and bad working conditions on plantations of absentee owners among the principal reasons for the Negro exodus from that state. A similar conference of Ne,gro leaders in Mississippi, and later a delegation before the legislature of the same State, cited low wages, bad housing, unfair distribution of public funds for schools and other institutions and insecurity of Negro life as producing similar results in migration.

There are white salesmen in the stores; or, in the streets and by-ways of the Negro neighborhoods, they peddle their wares of all descriptions to be paid for on the instalment plan.. So often does

WHITE WORLD AS SEEN BY THE NEGRO

the Negro's part in these transactions prove unpleasant and unprofitable that he views with misgiving, as a Greek bearing gifts, any white person who comes to his door. Then, too, there are contacts with the many representatives of the law from the policeman on the beat to the judge on the bench and, like the disfavored generally, the Negro gets short shift. A community or a state in the South may be in commotion over some political question and the voters are called upon to decide; eith~r tacitly or openly, as in a school election in an Oklahoma city recently, Negroes are not expected or allowed to vote. In Northern cities to which they are moving by hundreds of thousands many respectable families have had their homes bombed, their lives threatened or their peace otherwise disturbed when seeking to occupy houses with modern conveniences in blocks where fire, police, sanitation and other city facilities are provided.

In the majority of these contacts the Negro experiences little or none of that kindly consideration and brotherly spirit which actuates the benevolent-minded white man. In later years, as more than three fourths of the Negroes have learned to read, they see in the newspapers more information about the lynching-bee than about the colporteurs of Bibles; they read and feel more about segregation and about the determination of their white brethren to set them off as a thing apart than about brotherhood and good will.

Negroes are learning of and watching the efforts put forward to Americanize the foreigner. Not that they know any more about what Americanization means than other Americans, but they hear a great neal about making the alien a citizen and teaching him to exercise the rights and assume the responsibilities of citizenship. On the other hand, Negroes perceive that they themselves are not naturalized but natural-born Americans since the time of the Pilgrim Fathers. They have borne all the responsibilities of taxation and war service since they joined Colonial armies to fight against the unjustice of taxation without representation. Yet, with the exception of the home missionary societies and a few philanthropists, nobody seems to them to have concerned himself about citizenship rig'hts of Negroes. They have even found many white Americans extending every possible effort to block the feeble efforts the Negroes themselves put forth to enjoy the rights and perform the duties to which they have an inalienable claim. They recall such facts as the necessity for them to carry a nation-wide agitation to induce their own Government to give their educated young men who were ready to volunteer during the W orId War the chance to train and be commissioned as officers for Negro troops.

Many Negroes point out the exclusion from our histories of the facts and achievements of Negroes in America. They say that Negroes have played conspicuous parts in every war from the days of the Revolution to the W orId War; that they have probably CQn-

tributed more to American music than any other group; that the American cotton industry was built upon their labor; that some of the best American literature either directly or indirectly was their creation; that they have made substantial contributions to American science and invention; and yet the histories, if they mention Negroes at all, usually treat only of their degradation as slaves, their crimes, their weaknesses or their alleged incapacity.

Out of the combination of such experiences has come a definite attitude, not always an articulate conception, toward the Caucasian world. Some Negroes have been so affected by the discriminations and injustices the race has suffered that they have confused the two dearly differentiated types of the white world and confound the liberal-minded, democratic Christian spirits with the dominating, selfseeking class. They believe that here and there individual white persons are liberal and kind and just but they regard the great white world as cold and hard and often unjust. In later years there has been confusion in the minds of many Negroes between the ideals of Christianity itself and the practical interpretation that many of their white neighbors give to it. Such persons have expressed their doubts about the Christ-like qualities of their lighter-hued fellow Ohristians. Said a church official of a Negro denomination to the writer once: "It always makes me smile to see a white man with a Bible under his arm."

The tendency to attribute to the white man the evils which they suffer or see is not confined to educated Negro men and women. During the World War a white friend of mine was strolling out one day over the acres of a large Mississippi plantation. Unobserved nearby a Negro plowman wearily homeward plodded his way, singing: "Boll weevil's in de cotton, Cut-worm '8 in de co 'n i Debit's in de white man, War '8 gain' on."

There is also apprehension and skepticism of the Negro about the ability of the white man generally to accord other groups a participation in the common life without domination or paternal condescension. Even uneducated Negroes, with that power of penetration for which they are noted, have such misgivings. An old colored woman in an Alabama country village listened with a quizzical countenance as another colored woman of education was explaining the advantages of the victory of the Allies. When her informant had concluded she replied, with a shrug of her shoulders, "Well, chile, there ain't much difference between one set of white masters and t'other." The same sentiment is often expressed in more elegant terms by Negroes whose hair is not tinged with gray and who have had the advantages of education and traveL

WffiTE WORLD AS SEEN BY THE NEGRO

Sometimes this reaction to the white world goes farther and many experiences of discomfort, inconvenience or discourtesy are attributed to the prejudice of white people against Negroes when often it is nothing more than the impoliteness and uncouth conduct of an uncultured person. A Negro when purchasing a ticket at a railroad station was given an excessive amount of change in the transaction. He called it to the attention of the clerk who at first seemed offended that the accuracy of his calculation should have been questioned. When the mistake became evident to him the clerk took back the extra money but offered no thanks for the Negro's courtesy or apologies for his own lack of it. The Negro purchaser at first considered this an expression of a prejudiced racial attitude but his opinion was changed a few minutes later when a white woman was treated discourteously by the same clerk.

One of the striking developments of the last ten years has been increasing growth and strength of the independent Negro church denominations. In a discussion with one of the leaders of one of these churches recently with the view of getting his cooperation for some joint 'activity, he said: "They don't want us; if we go in there will be many of them who will show us by their action if not their words that they do not. If we cannot enjoy our association with them we can enjoy it among ourselves." To no small degree Negroes regard it true that white people have insisted upon segregation of the Negro groups and other racial groups on the ground that they are fundamentally different.

The foregoing brief recital of the Negro's present attitude may make clear the idea that there is today a "new Negro," growing in racial consciousness, in citizenship consciousness and in consciousness of personal and group values. He is increasingly critical of the white world about him. He is seeking more and more to find a firm foundation within himself and within his own group life upon which to build. Whenever he becomes articulate he tries to lead the white world to understand that he wishes to stand on his own feet and work out his destiny with his own hands in a democratic world where each man may do his own' thinking and may speak for himself. In a current article in The TVorld Tomorrow, a Negro man of the younger generation writes, "The Negro youth's bread and butter is at the mercy of economic shifts. He may be moved up a peg, or he may be side-tracked altogether…… One might naturally ask how is the young Negro going to work out a situation like this. Certainly it is in the final analysis the business of nobody but the Negro. The trap is already laid for him and neW ones are being,constructed; he is privileged to walk into them, which would be economic suicide, or build better ones himself. He must work out his own salvation."

During the last decade an increasing number of white Americans have perceived this rising tide of racial reaction to the hard and

unjust conditions that have faced Negro Americans. Many of these white people have been actuated by humanitarian motives, many by religious motives, some by high motives of allegiance to ideals of political democracy, and not a few have gradually perceived that the economic, social and spiritual progress of other Americans is linked with the opportunity of the Negro citizen of the community to share fully in the common life.

Leaders of both races have become awakened to the broad, deep chasm of separation which the erosion of prejudice, proscription and misund~rstanding has made between the two races, as the relation of master and man and mistress and maid disappeared during the past generation. The new friendly relations upon the basis of man to man and woman to woman grow up slowly and often only in isolated situations. To meet this condition a few interracially-minded men and women of both races scattered here and there in churches and schools and occasionally in the busy market of business have set themselves to the task of changing the character of the contacts of everyday life between the millions of these two races. They have recognized' and undertaken to remove many of the discriminations and injustices under which the Negro as an American citizen labors. To do this is doubtless a large order, because the Negro has been developing an aloofness and particularly because the crust of public opinion has discounted the capacities of Negroes, has shut them off from many opportunities of achievement aud has used their limited achievement under the restrictions as proof of their lack of capacity to achieve.

The surprising thing, however, has been the remarkable success that has attended this "Interracial Movement" pioneered by a few real statesmen. It has penetrated the public school systems in the South and converted communities and states to the idea of public support for Negro education, following the lines and results of the pioneer work of mission schools which demonstrated the capacities of Negro children to measure up to all the tests of modern American education. In fact, much of the best in content and method of modern American education was first invented and first tried in Negro mission schools, It has penetrated the Church and religious organizations and today church denominations and these religious organizations are striving to give Negro members full participation in their rights. benefits and responsibilities. It is slowly penetrating industry as white workers and colored workers awake to their mutual interests and as white employers see the adaptable utility of Negro workers.

This movement has now focused itself in the Commission on Interracial Cooperation, with headquarters in Atlanta, Ga., and the Commission on the Church and Race R,elations of the Federal Council as two agencies definitely formed to promote the ideal of applied brotherhood in these varied relations between the two races.

A Racial Good Will

BY WILL WIN'rON ALEX_~NDER., ATLA N TA, GEORGIA Director of the Commis,ion on Int erra0ial CooIJ"ration PROGRESS in any line rarely comes from a single cause. For a long period many forces have been affecting race relations in America. Any effort affecting them, and any evaluation of such effort, must take into consideration the work of other movements.

The Commission on Interracial Cooperation has sought to influence tendencies that have been .going on for many years, and to cooperate with individuals and efforts approaching American race relations from various angles. The Commission has assumed that right racial' attitudes are a byproduct. They come as a result of making known the facts, from proper contacts between persons of the races involved, and from cooperative effort in tasks that beget a sense of fellowship. Most white people in America, South as well as North, know little of the facts regarding Negroes and their development in America. Most of the thinking which white people do is based upon popular race dogmas which, though current every- THE LATE JOHN J. EGGAN OF ATLANTA where, are' not the result of obser- On e of th e chief promoter s of the work of the vation or study but are based Commission on I nterracial Cooperation largely on prejudice and misapprehension. There is, therefore, much feeling and little understanding.

Much of the foundation work of getting a sufficient body of facts is yet to be done by anthropologists, biologists, sociologists and investigators of group psychology.

The Commission discovered on investigation that Southern colleges were giving very little attention to this subject. Two remedies for this situation seemed possible. The first and easiest was to introduce into college departments of history, economics or sociology some course which would open up the question for undergraduates, give them the general information available, define the problem, and acquaint them with sources of information. As a result of a series 505 2

THE NEGROES' NEED OF BETTER HOUSING FACILITIE S A sample of unsanitary conditions in a Negro court in a northern city of co.nferences running over the past five years, some sixty or seventy institution"s in the South have begun to offer such courses. The number is increasing each year. Professors report encouraging interest on the part of the students. In Texas, the professors offering these courses have formed a simple organization and meet once a year for a day to discuss methods and materials. The first problem they confronted was to find sufficient suitable material for such a course. To supply this need, the men from institutions west of the Mississippi have worked with Dr. T . •T. Woofter, Jr., of the Commission's staff, and those from the southeastern colleges with Dr. W. D. Weatherford. As a result, two books have been produced and will soon be off the press. One by Dr. Woofter is a brief, informational study, especially adopted for introductory courses. Dr. Weatherford's volume is a source book that will serve for a more comprehensive study.

Closely related to this study in the colleges is the question of research. Students, having taken these introductory courses, become interested and many are willing to make some phase of race relations the basis of graduate study. It is expected that, as a result of such graduate research, valuable material will be gathered on important phases of the question which up to the present have not been studied.

.It has seemed necessary to do something, also, in the elementary and high school courses to give to future citizens a sympathetic

A RACIAL GOOD WILL MOVEMENT

understanding of other races. Progress to this end, however, has been slower. More attention is given in elementary grades of American public schools to teaching humaneness to animals than in developing sympathy and understanding for humans of other races. A few experiments are being carried on which may develop effective methods of meeting this need. One Southern state has a committee of well-known educators at work preparing material on the Negro in America which they hope may be adopted as a part of the American history course in the public schools.

In making known the facts regarding Negroes and Negro life, the importance of the press has not been overlooked. As a result TEACHING THE NEGRO TO BUILD BETTER HOUSES In the Training Shops at Hampton lnstitute of a series of conferences with editors, the following statement of attitude and policy has been issued by the editors of nearly a hundred of the most influential dailies of the South: "In the attainment and maintenance of improved interracial relations in our Southern states, we believe that a policy of cooperation between the more thoughtful of both races is fundamental, this being the antithesis of antagonism and polemic diselIssion.

"Mutual helpfulness between whites and blacks should be encouraged; t.he better element of both races striving by precept and example to impress the interdependence of peoples living Elide by side, yet apart.

"The Negroes of the South are largely dependent upon the white press for current news of the day. It wonld be well if even greater effort was

made to publish news of a character whieh is creditable to the Negro, showing his development as a people along desirable lines. This would stimulate him to try to attain to a higher standard of living.

"We do not believe that education suited to the need, of the individual of any race is harmful. It is a generlllly accepted fact that in both races if the entire mass were educated, industrial problems would adjust themselves automatically and the less fit of either race would find the work and place for which he was best equipped. It has been authoritatively stated that the demand for Negro leadership would absorb all teachers, preachers, physicianE. and lawyers the schools may turn out.

"The influence of the thoughtful men of both races should be invoked in the effort to establish and assure equality before the law for Negro defendants in all criminal trials.

"Abatement of mob rule and its crimes 18 an aim to Which all good citizens should pledge their support.

"In the harmonious cooperation of the thoughtful and exemplary men and women of both races lies the prospect of larger understanding and better interracial relations."

While the above statement may not be all that could be desired, it represents an interest and open-mindedness on the part of those who controi the daily press and, in large degree, mold public sentiment. The Commission maintains an educational department which furnishes regularly to these papers items of interest relating to Negro life and development. This material is widely used. The genuineness of the desire of Southern editors to be helpful to race relations is seen in the increasing tendency to give prominent and dignified publicity to the achievements of local Negro schools, churches, and business organizations..

The "laissez faire" theory has been applied to all social situations. This attitude may be an inheritance from our savage forefathers who held a fatalistic philosophy of the world order. In American communities it is still the attitude of most persons to the situations which grow out of race contacts. Such situations are usually let alone till they become critical; then social surgery of a very crude and ineffective type has been resorted to. The Commission seeks to bring about intelligent and sympathetic consideration of these questions by the Christian men and women of each community. In the past, there has been much discussion by each race, but no conference between the two groups and consequently little understanding. The Commission has developed the habit of conference between white and colored leaders in many communities. This seems a small thing, but it has great significance. Not only has it resulted in the relief of specific situations, but it has brought hundreds of white and colored men and women of intelligence to know one another and to have a new appreciation of one another. Never since the Civil War have the thoughtful men of the two races in the South been so well known to one another. Between these groups there is developing a new spirit of frankness and sympathy, and, on

A RACIAL GOOD WILT.. MOVEMEN'f

the part of whites, a growing appreciation of the splendid men and women who are to be found among the better trained Negroes in every community.

A special phase of these new contacts is seen among the women. In October, 1921, at the first conference ever attempted between white and colored women, there were present over one hundred white women, including leaders in many of the women's organizations of the South, and a group of representative Negro women. The Negro women presented a statement calling attention to the many heavy handicaps the race was compelled to bear and asking for cooperation for their relief. These handicaps include long and irregular work- ONE OF THE RESULTS OF THE WORK OF THE COMMISSION ON INTERRACIAL COOPERATION rfhis is the high school for colored students at Atlanta, Georgi.a. One of the five llew schools just erected at a cost of $1,200,000, as the result of lill agreement negotiated by the CoIlllnission jng hours in domestic service, bad housing conditions, lack of facilities for wholesome recreation, necessarily neglected homes with resulting child delinquency, unjust and burdensome discrimination in the conditions of travel, lack of adequate educational facilities, unfair treatment by the press, lynching, and denial of the ballot.

To the above the white women replied as follows: 1. DOMESTIC SERVICE.

We acknowledge our responsibility for the protection of the Negro women and girls in our homes and on the streets. Ve, therefore, reeommend; That domestic £.ervice be recogn.izc( as an occupation and that we seek to coordin.ate it with other world .service in order til at a better relation. .may be established for both employer and employee. '

2. CHILD WELFARE.

Weare persuaded that the conservation of the life and health of Negro children is of the utmost importance to the community. We therefore, urge: a. That day nurseries and kindergartens be established in local communities for the protection, care and· training of children of the Negro mothers who go out to work.

b. That free baby clinics be establiEned, and that Government leaflets on child welfare be distributed to expectant mothers, thus teaching the proper care of themselves and their children.

c. That adequate playgrounds and reereational facilities be established for Negro children and young people.

3. SANITATION AND HOUSING.

Since good housing and proper sanitation are necessary for both physical and moral life, we recommend: That a survey of housing and mnitary conditions be made in the Negro sections in each local community, followed by an appeal to the proper authorities for improvements when needed.

4. EDUCATION.

a. Since sacredness of personality is the basis for all civilization, we urge: That every agency touching the child life of the nation shall strive to create mutual respect in the hearts of the ehildren of different races. b. We are convinced that the e,Jtablishment of a single standard of morals for men and women, both black and white, is necessary for the life and safety of a nation. We, therefore, pledge ourselves to strive to secure respect and protection for womanhood everywhere, regardless of race or color. c. Since provision for the education of Negro children is still inadequate, we recommend: That surveys be made of the educational situation in the local community in order that colored children may secure- (1) More equitable divicuon of the school fund. (2) Suitable school buildings and equipment. (3) Longer school terms. (4) Higher standards and increased pay for teachers.

5. TRAVEL. Since colored people frequently do not receive fair treatment on street cars, on railroads and in railway stations, and recognizing this as one of the chief causes of friction between the races, we urge: That immediate <Jteps he taken to provide for them adequate accommodations and courteous treatment at the hands of street car and railway officials.

6. LYNCHING.

a. .As women we urge those who are charged with the administration of the law to prevent lynchings at any cost. Weare persuaded that the proper determination on the part of the constituted officials, upheld by public sentiment, would result in the detection and prosecution of those guilty of this crime. Therefore, we pledge ourmlves to endeavor to create a public sentiment which will uphold these officials in the execution of justice.

7. JUSTICE IN THE COURTS.

We recommend That our women everywhere raise their voices against all acts of violence to property and person, wherever and whatever cause occuring. We further recommend:

A RACIAL GOOD WILL MOVEMENT

That competent legal assistance be made available for colored people in the local communities in order to insure to them the protection of t heir rights in the courts.

8. PUBLIC PRESS.

Since the public press often give:::> undue prominence to the criminal element among the Negroes, and neglect., the worthy and constructive efforts of law-abiding Ncgro citizens, we pledge ourselves to cooperate with the men's committees in endeavoring to correct this injustice and to create a fair attitude to Negroes and Negro news.

These statements have since been adopted as the interracial platform of the Southeastern Federation of Negro Women's Clubs and of church and civic organizations of white women with perhaps a million members. Their essence has been written into the local programs of these organizations, and in many communities white and colored women are now meet- ing for frank and patient confer- ence over cpmmon problems. The significance of this is seen in the frequency with which one now hears white women address or speak of a Negro woman as " Miss" or "Mrs." -titles which until recently the traditions of slavery had denied to all colored women, regardless of character or type.

Although conference gives op- portunity for contact and produces A MODERN CHURCH FOR NEGROES betteI1, underst andl·ng, the most ef – The Pilgrim Baptist Church, with 3,000 mem- bel'S. Pastor. Dr. S. E. J. Watson. Chicago fective method of developing sym- pathy and good will is felloUJ ship ,in UJork. The conferees have done much more than talk. They have set definitely to work to change conditions. They have worked together for better laws, for better community care of children, for better health, to make an end of lynching, to give. legal protection to the helpless and to bring about greater consideration for Negro women and girls and the integrity and welfare of Negro homes.

These processes have b~gun to produce very tangible results.

The movement for Negro schools has been going for many years.

Its leaders were prophets and statesmen. They have worked with increasing success. The very recent years have seen a marked growth in state expenditures for Negro education. This undoubtedly has been stimulated by the sentiment developed by the Commission.

There is an increased activity on the part of all welfare and health

agencies on behalf of Negroes. The care of Negro children and the health conditions of. Negro communities are receiving more consider- ation than ever before.

The lynching record for last year was reduced fifty per cent and was the lowest in forty years. A large share of credit for this must be given to the Southern women. The Commission has spent money and effort in securing evidence and able legal assistance in prosecuting mob members. In one state bills are now before the legislature looking toward police measures that have already proven effective in sister states where their passage was worked for by persons connected with the Commission.

But after all, the most important elements in race relations are intangible. It is attitude, at last, that counts, and attitude is a thing of the spirit. The most hopeful result of this work has been a slowly changing attitude toward this whole question on the part of Southern communities. This is reflected in the inaugural address of the present Governor of Mississippi, whose election marked the end in that state of the political career of James K. Vardaman, the bitterest enemy Negroes have ever had among Southern public men. The extracts quoted below from Gov. Whitfield's address fairly represent the South's awakening conscience on this subject: "The Negroes still make llP slightly more than one-half of Mkl:issippi's population. Any plans for a ncw era, any change in our economic life, any reorganization ofollr agriculture or industry which leaves them out, is doomed to failure. If we would work out our own economic salvation, we must at the same time take their well-being into consideration. There is a definite relation between their happiness and prosperity, and that of the state as a whole.

"We must improve working and living conditioml look after the Negro's health, foster manual training and modern agricultural methods, and see to it that at all times the less favored hlaek man shall get a square deal in his business relations and in the courts. Our own 8elf-interest prompts it; humanitarian comiderations demand it; our Cllristian duty as a more favored people enjoins this upon us.

"Wise leaders am.ong the Negroes must be encouraged in their splendid efforts to aid their own people. Points of agreement between the races must be emphasized and points of friction minimized. Every man and woman in the state must see to it that the laws giving protection to Negroe;: in their lives and property are rigorously enforced; that the occasional white man who seeks to profit through the ignorance of his tenants or laborers be forced by the overwhelming weight of an aroused public opinion to give a square deal to all whom he employs regardless of race or color; and that there be the fullest cooperation between the white man and black, to the end that peace and harmony may prevail in the [t'parate development of the races, and prosperity comes to white and black alike through cordial cooperation in the agricultural and industrial upbuilding of the state."

Intermarriage in South

BY DR. OLIVEIRA LIMA, WASHINGTON, D. C. Minister Plenipotentiary of Brazil SINCE the very beginning of the colonization of the New World in the sixteenth century, the Spanish and Portuguese adven- tU:l'ers freely intermingled with the aboriginal Indians and with the imported Africans. As a result, there was a fusion of the races and a mixed population grew up which precluded the existence of racial rivalry, animosity, or conflict.

Why, then, did not I,atin America or, better, Ibero America either physically or morally beoome a colored continent, except in a few spots like Haiti? (There the purity of the black race was more or less maintained even by means of constitutional prohibition.) The answer is simple: It is a physiological and sociological reason.

The Indians were a race, if not individually weaker (read Fenimore Cooper), at least unprepared as a whole to resist the diseases, vices, brutalities and the strenuous life of the explorers. Their activity was not of a continuous type, but was intermittent, the periods of inter-tribal war being followed by periods of rest or of carousals, interspersed with hunting and fishing expeditions. Agriculture was only an unimportant and meagre occupation, consisting of the cultivation of maize. Nomads cannot carryon a regular husbandry. So the Indians have gradually been driven out by colonization. They have been absorbed into the new population, their features and sometimes their character in some cases reminding us of their previous independence. In otp.er cases, as in Mexico and Central America, large bodies of them still remain as the basis of the national population. In time, however, they will vanish.

The Africans imported to America have proved to be a race of greater endurance. After three centuries or more of free intercourse, the slave trade was abolished and no more Negroes were brought over whilst millions of European emigrants entered South America. Many of these emigrants came from southern Europe, but some also from northern Europe, particularly Russians and Poles. The consequence is that the Negroes, who still are so abundant in the northern section of Eastern South America, become lesS and less numerous as we go southward. In the city of Sao Paulo we meet today fewer Negroes than in Lisbon. In Montevideo and Buenos Aires they are a rarity.

One of the first Presidents of the Argentine Republic and one of her most illustrious sons, Rivadavia, was a mulatto. In Brazil her foremost contemporary writer, Machado de Assis, with a true Athenian min.d, was also a mulatto, as was one of the greatest states- 513

men of the Empire, Baron de Cotegipe, a witty, far-seeing diplomat, not unworthy of Talleyrand's intellectual kinship.

The question of the relation of Negroes to Whites is one of the gravest with which the United States has to cope. The future of race relationships in North America is much more difficult to settle than was the abolition of slavery. We cannot foresee when and how the race problem will be solved since miscegenation is the exception, and even illegal contempt of race having been only slightly modified by the change of ideas and since the exodus of the black population it is today a practical impossibility.

Racial intermarriage, if permitted, might put an end to the "black peril," which may become a most pressing and serious one. Who can realize or even imagine the excesses of a Negro bolshevism 7 The white secret societies in some sections might be wiped out in an awful uprising or a bitter civil war. The Negroes are continually growing in numbers, as they do not attempt birth control.

South America is free from this menace. Social controversies may arise with the development of industries and the accumulation of wealth, but irritating racial problems do not trouble us. Intermarriage is extremely repugnant to the North American communities, but as a Brazilian white man I cannot help rejoicing that such a problem is not to be found in Hispanic-America and that from such intermarriage no evil consequences have resulted. White blood prevails in the fusion and white ideas also. The superior culture of the white predominates and moulds the mixed population. A reversion to savageness or to barbarism is possible only when there is a lack of strong impulse in the advanced race.

Intermarriage appeals to my sociological sense and to it biology presents no objection, but I admit that prejuQice against it is not absent from my country and from other countries in South America. Some families would feel dishonored if Negro blood were to be mixed with theirs. But who can be sure that it will never be so or that it never has been so ~ Drops are imponderable and invisible and there are, in reality, no pure races. Even the Germans who, as Teutons, were proclaimed by Count Gobineau the purest, came to be called HUllS, that is, Turanians.

In our continent Negroes will never be a dominant race, even in sections where they may surpass in number the white people. They are not backed by centuries of culture and are not a progressive race, though they make great progress. The most important thing is to open the way for a better understanding between social elements which in the United States are in conflict. The Ohristian doctrine teaches us that mankind is one. In South America our experience of centuries has taught us that there is no real understanding except the one that comes through the fusion of races. We have political and economic problems but no racial problem.

A Parable of the Good

BY REV. A. M. ALLAN, BOGOTA. COLOMBIA M RS. AUGUSTUS BELL SILVERTONE stepped lightly out of her car and was soon expounding the best methods of Americanization to a select group of club-women. She was warmly applauded as with felicitous phrases and levelling logic she shewed that aliens, especially Jews, must be brought out of their shell of exclusiveness, and be led to imbibe the ideals and free spirit of America.

Mrs. Silvertone felt that she had made a decided hit, but on her return to her pretty home, called" Altruista," at 101 Freedom' Avenue, she was shocked when she arrived by the dreadful news that "Ivygreen," the adjoining cottage, had been bought by Moses Goldberg, who was preparing to move in next day with his large family. Mrs. Silvertone was so upset that she went at once to her room to plan measures of protection for herself and her two boys. A wall of exclusion must be built at once. She telephoned her husband to have a contractor come early next morning.

Mr. Goldberg and his family came, saw and understood. That wall kept the two families as far apart as Palestine and California, but it enabled Mrs. Silvertone to "pursue the even tenor of her way" and prepare speeches on Americanization, for which she was highly esteemed in three States. Occasional glances which Mrs. Goldberg shot at her when they met unavoidably on the street convinced Mrs. Silvertone that her new neighbor was lacking in Christian spirit.

A fortnight later, Mr. John B. Friendly, a business man who owned the house next to Mr. Goldberg on the other side, arrived home from his holiday with his wife and children. Seeing his new neighbor cutting his lawn one evening, he crossed over, shook hands, and told Mr. Goldberg about the best way to make grass grow on that ungrateful soil. John was a home man, accustomed to spend his evenings with his family, and when he brought home any new Victrola records, he often invited the Goldberg family to hear them. When Mrs. Friendly was ill, Mrs. Goldberg sent fragrant roses.

A month later, Moses was amazed and pleased when John in- vited him to accompany him to church. "N0, dat iss not for me!" he replied. "Well," responded Mr. Friendly, "you know we who 'come from the East and the West are to sit down in the Kingdom of God some day with the children of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, and we might as well begin now."

"I vill tink about it," said Moses, for he wished to consult his wife. She did not manifest the opposition he had expected, for she secretly longed for human society, and had a mother's desire to see GIG

her boys brought under good influences. Atone time she had a leaning towards Christian Science, but ever since Mrs. Levi Cohen's baby died without a doctor, she had turned against it. "I vould not go to a Mission," said Moses to his wife j "but you see, Rebecca, this is not a Mission, it's a proper church where the folks go."

So it came to pass that a few weeks later, one Sunday morning, when his boy of eight was recovering from a fever, Moses Goldberg put on his best suit, crossed the lawn to the Friendlys' door and rejoiced his neighbor's heart by saying, "I vill go to church today."

The two men sat in the same pew and Moses, to whom, like most Jews, the synagogue was but a piece of antiquated boredom, felt instinctively drawn to the kindly atmosphere of the place, and the heartfelt, tuneful singing. Moses' soul responded as he joined in the reverent, dignified worship of the Almighty. What he and Rebecca and the boys lacked, these happy worshipers seemed to have, namely, an intangible, indispensable something which glorifies existence, relates man to his Maker and draws him closer to his fellowman.

The minister's sympathetic prayer "for those who are passing through sickness or bereavement" touched him deeply. Moses continued to attend, and in due time recognized Jesus of Nazareth as the Messiah. Like Zacchrous, he immediately began to plan for restoration to those whom he had wronged. "1'11 have those repairs made on that tenement right away. I must lower the rent of the rooms these two widows have in my house in Cheap Street; for Christ's sake I'll see if I can't give people better homes."

Time passed. The Goldberg family now miss few Sundays in church. Last May one of the boys received a prize in a Sundayschool competition and Mrs. Goldberg takes pride in decorating the church with flowers for the communion services. If anyone should question Moses about the date of his conversion, he would say unhesitatingly" De day Mr.•John B. Friendly shake hands and help me with de lawn-mower."

RACE SUPERIORITY The claim of superiority carries with it a proportionate obligation. "We that are strong ought to bear the infirmities of the weak.' t Position may bring power, but it also involves a duty and a privilege to use that power to help others. It is the small, weak natures that show themselves proud, arrogant and selfish when placed in positions of prominence. The great, noble natures will seek to serve humbly, cheerfully and unselfishly wherever they are. Americans profess to believe that" All men were created free and equaL" When will we put that belief into practice 1

A GROUP OF HEl B RIllW CHRISTIA N S iN AMEh

Removing the "Wall of Partition"

BY AMOS I. DUSHAW, lIIGKSVTI,LE, LONG ISLAND ST. PA.UL, the converted Pharisee, laid aside his pride of blood, and in the spirit of Christ went out into the wide world to break down all racial barriers. He wrote to the Ephesians that in Christ there could be no such barriers:' I' For he is our peace, who made both one, and brake down the middle wall of partitian." How then, has the wall between Jew and Christian been built up, and what can be done to remove it. '? Christians know that t.here can be no triumph of the Kingdom of God with the Jewish race left out.

Race prejudice is world-wide, and is not confined to anyone race. Wells says, "It is the almost universal bad manners of the present age which make race intolerable to race." Mills said, "Of all vulgar modes of escaping from the consideration of the effect of social and moral influences on the human mind, the most vulgar is that of attributing the diversit.ies of conduct and character to inherent natural differences." All the Biblical writers are forerunners of such sentiments (See Acts 17: 26). The difficulty is not the prejudice of Gentiles towards Jews, but that Christ.ians should be thus prejudiced when they are indebted to the .Jew for the Old and New Testaments, for the clearest conception of God, and for Jesus Christ Himself. The attitude of anti-Semites is summed up in the striking words of Lloyd George: 517

"If they are rich, they are birds of prey. If they are poor, they are vermin. If they are in favor of war, it if! because they want to exploit the bloody feuds of the Gentiles for their own benefit. If they are anxious for peace, they are instinctive cowards or traitors. If labor is oppressed by great capital, the greed of the Jew is held responsible. If labor revolts against capital, as it did in Russia, the Jew is blamed for that also. II he lives in a strange land, he must be pel'£lCcuted and pogrommed out of it. If he wants to go back to his own, he must be prevented."

Many may be surprised to know that the triumph of the Church over the pagan world was not a blessing to the .Jew. Dean Milman, referring to the attitude of the Church towards the Jew during the bark Ages, says, "But the Church was their implacable enemy." Abbe Constant Fouard, referring to the condition of the Jew during pagan times, says, "They did not then lead the precarious existence to which they have often been subjected in Christian lands." Rabbi Kohler says, "He, Who has been a world Saviour, bore through His followers damnation to His kinsmen, and thus was rendered the chief cause of the persecution of the martyr-race of Israel." Brace, in " Gesta Christi," says, "Nothing in all history has been so stupid and cruel as the persecution, from the earliest ages, by nominal Christians, of a gifted race, united to them by many ties-·the Jews. The best of Judaism-its humanity, as shown in the legislation for the stranger; its spirit of charity to the poor, its high morality, and its deep sense of the divine is contained in Christianity: and the latter is a reformed Judaism." Henry Ward Beecher said, "But how a Christian in our day can turn from a Jew, I cannot imagine. Christianity itself sucked at the bosom of Judaism. Our roots are in the Old Testament. We are .Jews gone to blossom and fruit. Christianity is Judaism in evolution-and it would seem strange for the seed to turn against the stock on which it was grown." 'The words of these outstanding Christians go to show that the situation is not hopeless. When the rank and file of Christian teachers discover this, then anti-Semitism will die a natural death.

INFLUENCES THAT MAINTAIN THE BARRIER A pastor in Germany said to me, in regard to the anti-Semitism of that country, "We magn~fy the vices of the Jews, and refuse to recognize their virtues."

In too many Christian churches more attention is given to the rejection of Jesus by some of His people than to the fact that many Jews accepted Him, died for Him, and were the first to carry His message to the Gentile world. The impression seems to be that when the Jewish nation rejected Him, the Gentile world accepted Him, whereas, for three centuries, Gentiles persecuted the followers of Christ.

Even Christian ministers speak of the .Jews as chiefly lovers of money. Note, however, what the late Professor Franz Delitzsch,

REMOVING THE "WALL OF PARTITION"

said: "Up to the time of the dissolution of their national independence, agriculture and handicraft were their chief occupations; only later, in consequence of their dispersion and the narrow limits prescribed for their activity, they became a people of traders and usurers which took the place of the old Phcenicians. Handicrafts were so much developed, and held in such esteem, that towns were celebrated for skill and success in some branch. The Jews were in those days anything but a nation of mere buyers and sellers. In the sixty-three works of which the Talmud consists, there is scarcely a word in honor of trade; but much pointing out the dangers of money-making. Professional usury was contrary to the spirit of Judaism; for the Talmud places usurers on a level with gamblers, and declares both criminals unfit to bear witness in a court of law." We need to let in the blessed light of truth and the darkness of prejudice will disappear.

THE MOST UP-TO-DATE STUMBLINGBLOOK Israel Zangwill has said, "Nationality is the ill with which the world is afflicted; the only remedy is to break down all barriers." This ill is a product of the sixteenth century Reformation. "Protestantism, in breaking up the universal Church, had, for a time, broken up the idea of a universal solidarity. Even if the Universal Church of the Middle Ages failed altogether to realize that idea, it had been the symbol of that idea." During the supremacy of the Roman Catholic Church, Jews, after baptism, were accorded full fellowship, and ceased to be recognized as Jews. But in the modern state, identifying nationality with race, Jews, even after baptism, were still considered Jews. This is in contrast to Mohammedanism, where Moslems of every race are at home in every Moslem land. It was the spirit of nationalism that produced modern Zionism with its strong Jewish national consciousness. Most of the European States said to the Jews: "You are Jews, and do not belong to us." Even within the Christian Churches Jews were denied full fellowship. This is equally true of the American Protestant Churches. The Greek Orthodox Church is owned by the Greek and Slavic races; the Roman Catholic Church by the Latin races j and the Protestant Churches by the Nordic races.

Ultimately, the Jewish race will discover Jesus, and interpret Him in its own characteristic way. That will be a red letter day for the whole world. They gave Christianity to the world in its pristine purity, in the Gospels and Epistles. Dickinson in "The Christian Reconstruction of Modern Life, " says, "It is they (the Jews) who can understand Him as the Aryan cannot without their interpretation of the supreme Semite and human. In their growing appreciation of their own Jesus, there may be found at length the synthesis of the two leaderships of humanity, the domination of Aryan civilization by

higher spiritual forces, and its direction to transcendent ends. " In the meantime, Christians by their regenerated lives, and Christlike conduct towards the Jews, can hasten the coming of that Great Day when all shall be united in Christ (Romans 11: 11-15).

CHRIST AND THE PARTITION Jesus, Himself, a Jew, loyal to His race, a child of the synagoglle, instructed in the Law, the Psalms and the Prophets, appreciated the historic mission of His race. Dr. Coburn says, "Many people seem to suppose that they may approach the subject as if the Lord Jesus Christ had appeared in Spain or China. instead of Judea and Galilee." In giving His disciples a program for the evangelization of the world, Jesus said, "Ye shall be my witnesses both in ,Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and unto the uttermost part of the earth." His disciples, all Jews, were loyal to this command. -When the cry came from Europe, "Come over to Macedonia, and help us," the Jew St. Paul responded to this S. O. S. call. And lastly, while on the Cross, Jesus said, "Father, forgive them; for they know' not what they do." Shall Christians refuse to heed this divine spirit of compassion1 "The great antagonist of intolerance is knowledge" says Buckle. To meet and overcome the anti-Semitism of Germany, the late Dr. Franz Delitzsch established a school at' Leipzig for the study of Jewish history and literature. He encouraged the students at the university, studying for the ministry, to avail themselves of this special department as an aid to a fuller understanding of the Jews and their contributions to religion. All who attended this school eventually freed themselves from anti-Semitism. They discovered the fuller sources of the Christian faith. Professor Strack did the same at Berlin, and with similar results. Thus they gave to Germany many ministers who became mediators between Germans and Jews. As a student at Leipzig, I availed myself of this department, and had for fellow-students Germans, B.ritish and Americans. Unfortunately, there are no such schools in America, save the Jewish theological seminaries.

This "Wall of Partition" will be removed when Christian teachers and ministers discover the truth about the Jews, and teach it to their people. Thus they may send forth into every department of society a vast host of intelligent and sympathetic mediators between Christians and Jews.

The advice of St. Paul to the Gentile-Christian Church still holds good: "That by the mercy shown to you they also may now obtain mercy."

A Christian Solution of the Asiatic

in America* The Story of a Chinese JVho Sot~ght tor Gold and Found Christ BY COE HAYNE, NEW YORK Author of "Race Grit," "For a New America," etc.

O NE night the idols disappeared from the Chinese temple on Mott Street, lower Manhattan. The members of the power- ful Chinese Benevolent Association, led by their chairman, had decided that the joss was no longer necessary as a feature in their council hall. The shrines, with their tinsel, glitter and cheap gaudiness, were un-American and pagan. The man responsible for this change was Lee To, a Christian acquainted with the best in American social and religious life. He was a missionary of the American B,aptist Home Mission Society and the New York City Baptist Missionary Society.

When Lee To was asked to accept the chairmanship of the Chinese Benevolent Association that held jurisdiction over all Chinese from Chicago to the Atlantic Coast, he told the nominating committee frankly that he was a Christian and would conduct the office, if elected, in a manner that accorded with his conception of Christian ideals. For many years the Association had sent to China for the best man available to head up the organization and in view of this custom, Lee To warned his associates that old country customs must yield to higher Western ideals.

For four years, this Christian clergyman presided at the conferences of the Chinese Benevolent Association. After the first twoyear term, a long established precedent was broken when he was elected for a second term. Today he is consulted in matters of most vital interest by his countrymen, having been called even to Chicago and Minneapolis to give his counsel in matters relating to the dealings of Chinese with one another. His influence grows with the years. He is known in New York as the Mayor of Chinatown.

Lee To was born in Canton, China, and came to America in 1880. Ten years later he was converted in a mission in San Francisco. He says: "I came to this country to get gold, but was never satisfied. I found Christ and now am satisfied." In 1898 he entered the service of the American Baptist Home Mission Society and has been with it ever since. He has made a place for himself in the hearts of his countrymen by never refusing to leave his home or office, at any time of day or night, in answer to appeals for help.

* Used by permission from "The Road to Brotherhood,,' publisbed by the Dept. of Missionary' Education, Northern Bap.tist Convention.

521 3

He has taught many classes in English, using the Bible as a textbook, and has helped to establish Sunday-schools in the churches in Manhattan, Brooklyn and Queens Boroughs, and in Newark, N. J. Street preaching has been a large part of his ministry and some converts are members of the" Trust God Club," an organization of Christian Chinese, in which the initiation fee is $100 contributed to the support of a mission in China.

Lee To has pled with the Sight-Seeing Bus owners that bring thousands of tourists into Chinatown to require their guides to tell the truth about the Chinese. The continual advertisement of Chinatown as the vice center of New York City is resented. Much harm has also been done by the misrepresentation of Chinese character in motion pictures.

Miss Mabel Lee, daughter of Rev. Lee To, is a graduate from Barnard College who was given the degree ot Doctor of Philosophy by Columbia University in 1923. She hopes to devote her life to her people in China, and in lIarch of last year she went to France to prepare more fully for work in her native land.

MEMORIES OF A JAPANESE CONSUL IN SEATTLE BY ESTHER MARY McCOLLOUGH,* SEATTLI" WASHINGTON A Worker in the Baptist Home for Japanese W(}men .n.AS my mind travels back to that home in Seattle wherein lived the Japanese Consul, Morinobu Hirota, his wife and their little five-year-old daughter, Nobuko, a series of moving pictures flash before my eyes. Many cooking-class lessons were held in their home as we strove to bring American and Japanese friends together around a table where minds as well as bodies were fed. Mrs. Hirota played beautifully on a grand piano for she had studied under the best masters. Mr. Hirota also loved music and played the violin.

On little Nobuko's first Christmas in America, when the American neighborhood children and a few Japanese were grouped around the long dining-room table decorated 'with Santa, his reindeer and sleigh, the excited children jumped around the loaded Christmas tree as a real Santa Claus distributed the gifts.

I went to Mrs. Hirota's home twice a week to teach her English and when I praised her for her perseverance in trying to speak English all the time she said, "I'm taking my courage in both hands. ' , Often we sat around the fireplace gazing into the bright flames as we talked of the Bible and of faith. Mrs. Hirota would say, "I have faith, but I want my husband to have faith." Nobuko would draw up her little stool, bring out her little Sunday-school book and show me the pictures which she had so carefully colored. Mrs. Hirota '" The narrative is abbreviated by permission from "A Road to Erotherhood," published by the Department of Missionary Education, Northern Baptist Convention.

THE ASIATIC PROBLEY IN AMERICA

and her husband were always ready to share their talents and hearts with all alike because they longed to be democratic.

"When sickness came into this home of happiness and refinement it was finally decided that they must leave their loved Seattle and return to Japan. When we went to see them depart, the rain fell steadily and seemed to find an echo in our hearts. Mr. Hirota, who had been too ill to see his friends for weeks, stood on the deck, the thoughtful considerate gentleman, faultlessly attired and with the same kindness shining from his eyes.

They went to Kamakura on the seashore where the wife, the nurses and the doctors made a strong fight against the dread disease. Mrs. Hirota wrote: "Mr. Hirota began to read his Bible, which he did not do in former days. Then he began to pray. He earnestly has tried to gain faith. He read religious books and sent for a Japanese Christian pastor to come and talk to him, which he is still continuing to do. The illness is a sad thing but in Mr. Hirota's case it turned out to be an incident in a reli6>1.ous experience. He would have remained an ordinarv man had he not so suffered." Later we were shocked and saddeI~ed to hear of Mr. Hirota's death. In a letter, written three days before, Mrs. Hirota wrote: "Amidst the serious time of bis illness, he was baptized in bed by a pastor of the Nippon Christian Association. It seems to me like a miracle, because he had never thought about Christianity, or even Buddhism until now. But since he has been to Seattle and had so many chances to know Christians and earnest Christians, his mind felt affection about religion. After he got the illness and experienced intolerable pain of body and mind, the poor stray sheep came to God's warm heart at last. I trust that God will save him and no doubt my strong faith will be approved by God some day. The greatest Healer has healed his pain and sufferings. I know he is safe in the arms of His Heavenly Father."

CHRISTIAN HINDU DELEGATES TO A STUDENT VOLUNTEER CONVENTION IN AMERICA'

Treatment of Japanese in

BY REV. K. OGAWA, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA Pastor of the Japanese UniOll Church F REDERICK DOUGLASS, the famous Negro orator once said Mr. Lincoln was the only white man 'with whom he ever talked for an hour who did not in some way remind him that he was a Negro. Abraham Lincoln was simply carrying out the Golden Rule, and this is the spirit which practical Christianity asks in the treatment of Japanese in America. The Japanese question is no more a question of immigration since the passage of the" F,xclusion Law."

The question is not how to stop further immigration of Japanese, but how to treat those .Japanese who are already in this country. Should they become the object of constant agitation and discrimination, being denied fair opportunity and justice, or should they be given the privileges granted to other aliens and their descendants 1 The Japanese in North America number about 110,000, ninety per cent of whom are on the Pacific Coast. Two-thirds of them are in California. They are engaged in all kinds of useful occupationscommercial, agricultural, industrial, and so forth. They are here to stay rather than to return to Japan, not only for their own sake but for the sake of their growing children who are American by birth. The question is how shall they be treated.

Anti-Japanese agitators, prompted, no doubt, partly by semipatriotic and partly by selfish motives, have thought the simplest way to deal with them was to discourage them from remaining in this country, and to put a stop to their further immigration. Their methods are wholly un-Christian, for they haye sought maliciously to turn public opinion against the Japanese by appealing to race hatred and making false assumptions, and, by every means possible, seeking to arouse bitter animosity against them.

As an illustration, I may cite the following incident. On December 5, 1920, the Japanese young men of central California, meeting in conference at Fresno, passed the following resolution: "We, the Japanese young men of Central California, in consideration of the situation confronting us, declare that we shall do our uttermost for the Americanization of our people in America." On the following day, newspapers reported it as follows: "Weare resolved that Central California, as the impregnable fortress of Japanese development in America, shall be defended to the death-blow at whatever sacrifice. "

Anti-Japanese agitators have succeeded in passing many discriminatory laws in order to crush .Japanese economic, social and 524 political ambitions. They have not succeeded in driving all the .rapanese out of this country, for the majority have remained here in spite of agitations against them. On the other hand, a host of friends of the Japanese, through their individual efforts and throu gh organized agencies, have always stood for justice and fairness, Hot only for the sake of the Japanese, but for the sake of Christian America.

Here is a recent incident. When a little group of Japanese in Hollywood wanted to build a Christian church where they could worship God, and carryon active work for Christian Americanization among the J apanese, anti-Japanese agitators held a mass meeting, under the auspices of the American Legion, early in January, HEY. K. OGAWA AND CHILDREN IN THE JAPANESE UNION CHCRCH. LOS ANGELES to protest against the building of the Christian church~ The house was '''packed '' with anti-Japanese sympathizers, and the speakers proceeded to vilify the .Japanese in every conceivable way. One of the local pastors, who attended the meeting with two of his church members, sat in the back and when they started to leave, unable to endure further the unfair and untrue language of the speakers, were hissed and jeered as un-A.merican. After an investigation of the anti-Japanese propaganda, the Brotherhood of the Congregational Church of Hollywood passed the following resolution, which was followed by a similar resolution passed by the Hollywood Presbyterian Church: "WHEREAS, this community has r ecently witncssed and is still witnessing an effort to expel and cxclude from its borders all resident ,Japanese ; and wher ea£, this effort has been characterized by un-Chrifltiau and un-American means of enlisting popular assistance, means themselves productive of race hatred and subversive of the American ideals of equal rights and fair play; It Is H ereby Resolved by the Brotherhood of the Hollywood Congrega-

tional Church, assembled in spccial meeting on this the 23d day of January, 1924, that the effort mentioued and the means employed for its achievement are not only deeply regretted, but condemned as at once dangerous to our Republic and unworthy the citizens of this community and country; and it is hereby recommended that the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce tender its offices without delay in the interest of dispassionate consideration and early disposition of any existing problem affecting differences among resident races. The Hollywood Congregational Church Brotherhood stands, ready to cooperate to the fullest extent with the Chamber of Commerce and other organizations in their attempt to adjust this situation in the spirit of true Americanism."

The Japanese, under the protection and guidance of these American friends, gradually have raised their standards of living, established their homes, built churches, founded respectable communities, and have tried to cooperate with American neighbors as much as opportunity was given to them. Thus they have become permanent residents.

While some were talking about the non-assimilability of Japanese with the slogan" Once Japanese, Always Japanese," there arose a new generation, and we have now in America many thousands of second-generation Japanese who were born here and therefore are Americans to whom "non-assimilability" is an atrophied word. They are very quick to adopt and assimilate American ideals and standards of living, and they are growing innocently as straight Americans. Usually Japanese parents, knowing their own handicaps and limitations, wish to accomplish, through the second generation, what they themselves could not do, by giving their children the best education possible. But their future depends on the kind of treatment they receive. We cannot blame them as unassimilable unless we give them opportunities to be assimilated. Should they continue to be the objects of constant agitation and discrimination as in the past, it would become almost impossible to prevent them from becoming a raee-conscious group, functioning distinctly and separately in business, in politics and in social life as Japanese-Americans rather than as straight Americans. Whether the Japanese in America are an asset or liability depends upon the treatment they receive-as mere aliens or as fellow-citizens. By the latter method, America has lost nothing but has gained an invaluable asset to this country by making them the real connecting link between the East and the West, the true interpreters of two great civilizations.

Booker T. Washington said, "You cannot pull a man down into a ditch without being in danger of going down with him yourself." It would be far better, therefore, truly to Americanize the Japanese rather than alienate them, by giving them a fair opportunity and justice rather than by constant discrimination and by creating prejudice against them.

The proposed amendment to the Constitution of, the United States to deprive the right of citizenship to American-born Japanese

c:itR1STiAN TREATMENT OF JAPANESE iN AMERiCA

on the ground that they are born of parents who are not eligible to such citizenship ought not be considered for a moment for the sake of the fair name of America and for the sake of the high and noble ideals upon which this country was founded. As Rev. Paul Water- house pointed out, "It could only perpetuate forever the very problem we are seeking to solve and be a great stain on the wonderful ideals of democracy which America has always held up before the world.

It would only complicate matters, for, in the first place, it would not affect the 30,000 American-born Japanese who are already citi- zens by birth and who, with their children, would always be citizens.

Thus there would be two groups of American-born Japanese–citi- zens, and those who never could be citizens, no matter how well qualified they are to function as such. In case of marriage between the two groups of what country would the children be citizens 7 A:.

class group, smarting under a feeling of unjust treatment, without a country, would be produced by such an amendment, estranged from American democracy and making it almost impossible to win them to Christianity. An impossible situation would arise with friction and confusibn everywhere!" .

The recent decision of the Supreme Court of the United States barring the Japanese in America from naturalization on the ground that the Japanese are neither Caucasians nor Negroes has been very unfortunate, for it denies all rights and privileges as American citizens to Japanese parents who must protect all interests and guard the future of their children who are growing up as American citizens. It also causes the Japanese in America to become the ob- ject of discriminatory laws directed against them, thus perpetuating racial hatred and class distinctions.

There are three possible solutions to this important problem.

First, the Constitution of the United States could be so changed that the fitness for citizenship of any person permanently residing in the United States would be dependent on his character and personal qualifications rather than on difference of race or color. The present racial classifications are only arbitrary and therefore unsatisfactory, and moreover "it is wrong in principle to judge of a man's fitness for citizenship by his race or the part of the world he happens to come from, instead of his ability to comprehend democratic institu- tions, his personal qualifications and his loyalty to this country."

Second, if the change of the Constitution of the United States is too laborious a task, then a new treaty between Japan and America might be formed including the following item, as suggested by Dr~ Sidney L. Gulick: "In respect to these nationals of each Government now residing permanently under the jurisdiction of the other, whether laborers or not, the privileges of naturalization and citizenship will be and hereby are extended to those individuals who will duly qualify under the law." This will give the Japanese in America, who are

qualified under the naturalization law, the privilege of citizenship and at the same time it will nullify all the local discriminatory laws against them.

Third, if citizenship cannot be granted to the Japanese in America in any case, then at least civil rights ought to be given to them, in all justice and fairness, in order that they may be assured of almost the same civil rights and privileges granted to all other aliens in this country. Nothing short of that could measure up to true American democracy.

For weal or woe, the Japanese immigration question is now practically settled. We can be well nigh satisfied that there will be no more Japanese immigration into this country, but those who are already here ought to be treated fairly and justly, (1) not only for their own sake, (2) but for the sake of America itself, (3) and for the sake of maintaining international good-will and friendship between Japan and America, (4) and also for the sake of the advancement of Christ's Kingdom on this earth; for the failure of such just and fair treatment of .Japanese in America will always be pointed out by non-Christian Japanese people everywhere as evidence of the impotency and hollowness of the Christian religion. They will say, "How can you tell us that you love God, 'Vhom you have not seen, when you do not love your brothers, whom you have seen ~"

A KOREAN VIEW OF AMERICA Alice Kim, a Korean Christian woman, who recently visited the United States, gives her impressions of America as follows: 1. The plentifulness.-Everyone looked well dressed and well fed. It seemed to me that every second place I saw was a place to eat or a place to buy food.

2. The wastefulness·.-Riding by automobile through forests, I saw wood lying on the ground. I thought of my own Korean people cold and even freezing in winter for lack of fuel. The food left on the plate in America would feed many thousands of hungry people in Korea.

3. The friendliness.-The people are kind, especially to foreign students. I often wondered why people were so kind to me, but I know it was because they love Christ. 'l'he home life in America is a most potent influence, especially in the West.

4. The Christian spi'rit in America struck me very forcibly. Two years in America deepened my experience and my love for Korea and her womanhood. I got a new vision of woman's work in the world. It is because of Christ's love that womanhood holds its high place in Christian lands._The Korea "Mission Field.

Future of the Red Men in

BY RE!. HENRY ROE CLOUD, WICHIT'A, K ANSAS W HAT part have the children of the Red Man in the America that is to be! In our body politic are those whose ancestry dates back to the dim past-whose ancient civilization on this Western hemisphere compares well with that of European na- tions. Shall not these contributions of race antiquity, distinctive arts and handicrafts, music and folklore, so colorful with nature, exquisitely beautiful, and a pride to any nation, help to make America what she should be ~ The task of conserving what is distinctive in aboriginal Amer- ican life is one which should en- gage the interest of every thinking citizen. The America of tomorrow will not have this inheritance of the first American if the boys and girls of this race are not adequate- ly educated and trained in those qualities of character which stand the test of life's vigorous demands.

Compare, if you will, the an- cient life and training of the Indian with that of today. The old-time Indian lived in reed wigwams, bark huts or tepees. The furnish- ings of this home were very scant, and its food supply uncertain. The RElV. HENRY ROE CLOUD boy and girl in this primitive home were taught early to be thankfuil A Vv'innebago I ndian, "graduate of Yale for everything-the scarcity of Univer sity and Principal of the Amer- ican Indian Institute, Wichita, Kansas food, clothing, weapons and all other creature-comforts naturally created an attitude of appreciation and thankfulness for every favor conferred, however insignificant in itself.

The conditions of life then demanded energy and resourceful· ness. A buffalo hunt would be staged for the young hunter. All skilled hunters would withdraw, repair to some advantageous point, and watch the initiate kill his first buffalo. This was followed by public recognition, praise and honor.

From earliest infancy the Indian child was given Spartan-like training. He was given a piece of bass-wood stick, one point of which 529

was charred for his own dedication to the fast and the search after the knowledge of the gods. He could not eat until the stick was entirely consumed. Repeated experiences of this sort taught the young Indian concentration of thought, hardihood, self-control and a belief in something supernatural.

Absolute obedience was required by rigorous punishments. By an elaborate system of taboo, reverence for Deity, respect for the aged and an insatiable ambition to know the mysteries were inculcated. The training, though primitive and uncouth, produced sound, lusty and majestic Indians like Massasoit, Cornstalk and Red Jacket.

The secret of the success of this early primitive training school is to be found chiefly in the very environment which surrounded the Indian. The greatest incentive to activity is the enforced struggle for existence. There is a constant tax on the resources of mind, body and soul, and in the exercise of these for self-preservation there results a development and growth in those qualities such as fortitude, faithfulness, patience, perseverance, hopefulness and skill in primitive arts. It is not claimed here that environment alone is responsible for the results achieved.

The wise old Indians rooted their educational system in the need of the masses-they created interest in work, they played upon the sense of pride and honor, hope of reward, inspiring ideals, such as a high seat in the world to come, and were uncompromising in their punishment of failure in duty. By invoking the aid of the Great Spirit they recognized the limitations of man, and his need for divine help.

Next to the practice of adapting their education to the needs of the people, they made provisions for the training of leaders, both by descent and by an elaborate system of ceremonial training. A leader had to excel in mentality and in feats of valor.

But a great transition period awaited this child of the original America. By the discovery of America and the rapid influx of a foreign civilization, the aborigines have had to change their mode of life entirely.. No race has been required to make such haste in acquiring .civilized standards of living as the Indian. Coming out of the school of hard experience, where the environment itself exacted every resource and capacity, the young Indian today finds himself in homes that know no necessity for the struggle for existence. Honors and rewards for effort expended have been swept away with the old order of things. In return for the injustice done him, a benevolent government has undertaken to feed him, clothe him, supply homes, hospitals, reservations and schools. Moreover, the Government has supplied agencies to look after all the business of the Indian, such as leasing and selling his lands, inheritances, employment, farming, care of the sick, etc. Nothing but praise and gratitude is due the government that undertakes to carryon such a gigantic

TilE FUTURE OF THE RED MEN IN AMERICA

task. The motive actuating it is one of justice and altruism, and eminently American and democratic.

Everyone conversant with the facts, however, realizes that the effect of giving everything free to the Indian has been a political and economic error. Accordingly, the Government itself is eliminating the wards as fast as it can, through competency commissions, closing the free Federal schools for those tribes adjudged able to avail themselves of the public school of the country. This applies also to those of less than one-half Indian blood, as well as those fullbloods who are capable of paying for their schooling. It is confidently expected that in a decade or two most of the Indian population will begin life again upon a basis of self-support by the struggle for self-preservation. Anything done for the race then will meet with quick response and due appreciation. "The full soul loatheth a honey-comb; but to the hungry soul every bitter thing is sweet." Pride and self-respect will be built up in the race by the very fact of doing for themselves in those things which the Government has done for them in the past. They will have a new regard and are-birth of respect 'for law and order, because as tax-paying citizens, they will be supporting that Government by law themselves.

There is grave concern in these days for the future America, because of the prevalence of ideas which are subversive of sound, good government. The right to property and the rewards of individual initiative are being denied. The sanctity of the home, the need of the public school for democracy and the right to existence of the Church are openly questioned.

The following facts must always be kept in view in all efforts for the Indian race. The economic changes necessarily carry with them the decadence of Indian religions. This in turn means the loss of a people's inspirations, conceptions of spiritual truths and certain fundamental hopes. The old home training of the young has passed away forever. There is now very little home training of the young. Children are early taken away to government institutions where organized religious teaching is forbidden owing to the difference in sects and doctrines. The Government can impart knowledge but cannot give religious instruction, Owing to this fact outside religious agencies are brought in, each in their turn, to influence Indian children as best they may. To make up this lack of definite religious training, organizations such as the Y. M. C. A., and Y. V. C. A., have tried to inspire the Indian students with religious ideals.

In the last year religious work directors have been placed in a few of the larger government schools with the hope of giving more definite religious instruction to government Indian students. There • are approximately 312,381 Indians within the confines of the United States. Of this number there are about 83/)3;3 children eligible for school. Of all these all but 20,869 are in school, either mission or

government. The mission schools, maintained by the Roman Catholic and Protestant Churches, enroll about 4,637. The Federal Government assumes the elementary education of the rest.

The emphatic attention of the Church is required for the strengthening of all its missionary program and church life on every reservation to the end that Christian homes may be multiplied and that the Indian child, like his white playmate may learn at his mother's knee to revere and love the Father who made him, and that he may learn something of his own obligation to his fellow man.

While the Indian youth needs knowledge in this trying transition period, he needs far more those qualities of character shown by men of faith. The disintegrating and demoralizing effect of this sudden economic change and a purely secular education must be met by a thorough-going character-building educational program. A broadminded educatioual program will foster those unique contributions which the Indian alone can make to the future America.

A OHRISTIAN'S FINANOIAL OREED ADAPTED FRO:t.[ HARRIS FRANKWNG RALL, GARRETT BIBLICAL INSTiTUTE, CHICAGO I believe and will endeavor consistently to act an the belief that 1. All that I have is held by me only in trust. It originally came from God and belongs to God as I do.

2. Money is not in itself "filthy lucre." It is stored-up power. It represents so much of myself that can be ~-,et at work in China or India or New York or Colorado.

3. God counts on the use of this mom'y to do His work, to preach His Gospel and to build His churches; to train His workers and to send them out; to teach, to heal and to save His children; to help establiEhl His Kingdom of righteousness, love and peace.

4. A right use of my income is one 01' my first duties as a Christian. Until I do this my prayers will be empty. I am saying" Lord, Lord," while I do not the will of my Father.

5. A definite proportion of my income should be set aside for the service of God in behalf of my fellow-men. This proportionate giving is an acknowledgment. of God's sovereignty over all of my pousessions. It also guards against selfishness. It is a business-like and Christian method. Giving by impulse ancl without system does not harmonize with the iJupreme importance of God's work.

6. At least one-tenth of my income should be used exclusively for God's work-as my personal "income tax to God." As I am receiving far more from God than did the children of Israel or any former generation so I ought gladly to give more than one-tenth if I am able.

7. I desire to have partnership with God in my business and in His work in the world. I should invest God'£ money at least as carefully for Him as I do in my temporal business. I should keep strict account of God '8 fund and not trust to guesswork. I »hould study the needs of the world field and of the Church and its work so that I may give wisely. I should give my prayers and myself with the money entrusted to me as a good steward of Jesus Christ.

LOYALTY TO AMERICA – WHY NOT LOYALTY TO CHRIST?

A cosmopolitan quintet learning to sing "America!' Lett to right: Italian, Swede Negro, .Tewish and Chlnese A Christian Solution of the Race Problem BY DR. FRANK IJ. ANDERSON, EAS'r Ol~ANGE, N. J. President of the International Bapt13t Seminary T HE race problem is as old as human society. It grows out of the biological, economic and cultural differences of men as they try to live on the same plot of ground, be it small or large. An American anthropologist speaks of "the biological drive behind the phenomena of culture." That "biological drive" means that race problems spring out of human nature, even out of that which is partially depraved or partially redeemed. 'fotal depravity is not a necessary presupposition.

Christianity has been permeating the lump of human life for nineteen centuries, but the problem is not less acute now than when Jesus began to live and to preach good will to all men. Race strife is not less violent in so-called Christian lands than it is among the peoples who have not had the blessings of the Christian religion for centuries. Americans may pride themselves on being more democratic and more Christian than other peoples but the problem is still acute here. 'When we look at some facts in Christian nations, especially in our own nation, it seems almost to be a question whether even Christianity can solve it. If not can we still claim that Christi- 533

anity has the element of universality adequate to bring into one family all the peoples of the world, here as well d~hereafter ~ Christianity.is the manifestation of a spirit, an attitude of mind, a dynamic for life. It is an ideal put into a human problem with a view to its solution. It is a power at work within the problem itself. It is not, then, primarily something towards which men move. It is rather something with which men progress in the direction of their possible achievement, individual and social. The Christian spirit must enter into the very men and women who are most obstinately antagonistic to other races and must change them into real brothers. The mountain vision must be made actual in the midst of imp'erfect people in the valley below.

The Christian solution of the racial problem must take all the facts of human nature and experience into consideration in order that betterment may result. Biology and history-all the past- are involved in that ol:istinate fact of race. There is a "biological drive," a cultural drive; there is also a Christian drive. These must cooperate in order to help our violent humanity to come more under the influence of'good will to all men. The Christian spirit must solve the problem from within the facts of human nature, strife, bitterness, narrowness, or confess defeat. Otherwise it cannot even touch the hem of the problem. It must come down from the heavens and live among men in order that it may live within men. President Charles Cuthbert Hall once said that "theoretical belief in the unity of the race is unserviceable unless it survives in the presence of facts."

Why are there race prejudices 1 Many reasons and many factors must be considered. To understand the causes under which the problem arises will help in the solution. In a recent scientific book the authors say, "Race problems are becoming more and more pressing as the races of men are being brought more in contact. In the old days of race isolation there were no such problems, but complete isolation is no longer possible." Different races live in the same city, walk the same streets, ride in the same cars, attend the same movies, if not the same church. There was no Negro problem in the North till the black men began to settle in larger numbers in the same neighborhood with whites. Then property values went down and the problem arose. The Christians in the North do not now regard the people of the South as such haters of mankind as they did formerly. Less than a hundred years ago foreigners from Europe began to make their homes in America, as the land for the oppressed of the Old World.. But when the newer immigrants came by the thousands and tens of thousands we began to have a bitter anti-foreign movement manifested. "Ve sent representatives to Congress who pledged to counteract the influence of the "hordes "-a favorite word today in the vocabulary of some "patriots"-from the Old World.

A CHRISTIAN SOLUTION OF THE RAcE PROBLEM

The problem, then, arises when race~, black or white, break out of isolation and begin to make a living among other racial groups or even among the higher strata of their own kinsmen.

This is simply circumstantial. Next we consider the fact of eolor. Magazine articles and books are writt~n on the effect of color on the relation of groups of men. In 1910 B. L. Putnam Weale wrote on "The Conflict of Color" and in 1920 Lothrop Stoddard gave his fear-inducing book "The Rising Tide of Color" to ·the worIa. Madison Grant closes his Introduction to Mr. Stoddard's, volume with these sentences, "Democratic ideals among an homogeneous population of ' Nordic' blood, as in England or America, is one thing, but it is quite another for the white man to share his blood with, or intrust his ideals to brown, yellow, black, or red men. This is suicide pure and simple, and the first victim of this amazing folly will be the white man himself." Other men of this school claim that the future of the world depends on the purity of one branch of the whites, namely, the Nordics. This invidious comparison creates an inter-racial struggle-using the term white as a race characteristic in contradistinction to "brown, yellow, black, or red man."

Mr. Stoddard enumerates the racial statistics that from his point of view should cause the reader to feel the seriousness of the tide of color that is rising higher and higher. Here are the figures: Whites ………………….. 51)0,000,000 Yellow ………………….. 500,000,000 Brown ………………….. 450,000,000 Blacks …………………… ]50,000,000 Reds ……………………. 40,000,000 If the whites are not permitted to govern the world according to their ideals and practices what shall become of the other groups of millions upon millions-the vast majority–who cannot be classified as whites ~ The minority in the worId must rule the majority in self-defense and for the good of the ruled. In case this minority does not rule then we must look for general degeneration among the peoples of the world. Furthermore, within the white group there is a minority that must control the whites, namely the Nordics. As the Nordics go, so the whites go, and as go the whites, the world goes.

The non-whites declare that this world is not a white man's world any more than it is a yellow or a black man's world. Mr. Stoddard quotes a Japanese scholar as saying, "The world was not made for the white races, but fOT the other races as well." Then he adds a quotation from a great Negro authority who declares, "These nations and races * * * are going to endure this treatment just as long as they must and not a moment longer. Then they are going to fight, and the ,Var of the Color Line will outdo in savage inhumanity any war this world has yet seen. For colored folk have much to remember and they will not forget."

The issue is clear cut. • If force is to settle the difficulty, then there will be more than rumors of war in the near future. The colored people 'of the world are advancing rapidly. The nations and peoples who were regarded as backward and inferior have awakened and are relatively outstripping the more advanced people who have been proud of their superiority. Asia is determined to be self-gov- erning and even in Africa the natives have been developing a selfconsciousness that foretells greater autonomy. The colored races believe that they can rule themselves-and they have made up their minds to do it, cost what it may. The Great ",Var was on the side of their dreams.

The white races have it in their power to allow peoples of other colors to "sink or swim" by their own free choices. The colored peoples will not accept as true that none of colored skin can be the, equals of those of white skin. There can be no solution of the race problem so long as one group depreciates another group. Color is not a sign of superiority, nor of inferiority.

Space does not allow any discussion of such important factors as the bea'ring of economic status, cultural backwardness, or, perhaps, simply cultural differences, political institutions, heredity, and race purity, upon the problem before us.

What may Christian men and women do to help bring about the expression of good will among the races of mankind ~ We do not speak of "solving this problem" for we have no confidence in short cut, methods of changing the world. Weare all tempted as the Master was, to seek success by quick easy methods. He chose the costlier, the more difficult way. He built slowly, but He built solidly. It is the Christian and scientific method.

As the problem arises when divergent races live in the same neighborhood, so the solvent must be applied in the midst of the problem. To deport or segregate the races is folly. The author of "Physics and Politics," speaking of the methods used by some powerful people in their treatment of the weaker groups says, "They enslaved the subject men, and they married the subject women." In spite of the barriers, social and legal, against mixing whites and blacks in the United States we have not less than two million mulattos. Whatever solution is found must be applied where the difficulty lies. Exclusiveness is in no sense Christian. Separate schools for the whites and blacks may be wise expedients in the process of the solution. But all races mingle in America as they do in other countries. How, then, are they to treat one another when they meet f What is to be the spirit of the white towards the blacks; the Nordic towards the Alpine and Mediterranean f ShaU a spirit of superiority or a spirit of good win and helpfulness characterize those contacts? That is the crux of the whole matter. The question of race superiority should not enter into the question. Grant that the whites are superior

as a race to the blacks as a race. Does that mean that the white man should discredit his Christian profession by not behaving as a Christian? Jestts was s1};perior to all around Him a.nd He showed His superiority by being servant of all. The Pharisee showed his supei"!- ority by thanking God that he was different from his despised fellowmen.

We need a clearer knowledge of the other races of the world. Most people are too provincial. Many an American judges the foreigners adversely because he has lived in isolation, mingling only with those of the same race or status with himself. Let us learn from foreigners in our midst and from contact with those of other races.

True Christian men and women welcome and encourage the progress of any race. To depreciate such is brutality. To underestimate the struggle these races are having is equivalent to making an alliance with ignorance or with the hosts of those who worship a lie. "Slow moves the pageant of a climbing race" writes Paul Lawrence Dunbar. Are we going to make that progress more difficult and still slower by our scorn, by our racial comparisons of superiority Or inferiority~ The Spirit of Christ forbids it. The problem can never begin to be solved as long as men do not squarely face the fact that the follower of Christ must re-live the spirit of the Master in all human relations. He who would have men love their enemies cannot allow us to be unbrotherly to men becmtse of color or because of economic or cultura1 baclcwardness.

The Christian solution is indifferent to questions of race inferiority; I say it is indifferent to it because it puts the emphasis on the debtorship of power of any sort whatsoever. The strong cannot avoid the service of the weak and still r'ernain Christian. The Christian spirit is not concerned with laws regulating the relations between the races, provided they are just. The Christian spirit recognizes the fact that the various groups of peop'!e in the world can make progress only as they seek to work together for the good of all, each serving the rest according to its capacity whether it be large or small.

RACIAL EQUALITY IN THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION OF THE Y. M. C. A. Attending the Convention in New York last May: Mrs. Mendelson (J-apan); Mlle. J. Bertsch (France); Lady Gladstone (London); Mrs. James S. Cushman (National Board); Miss Hasegawa (Japan); Mrs. Behrsin (Latvi.a); Mrs. Appasamy (India) 4

and Foreign

BY REV. JOHN M. MOOR}J, D.D., BROOKLYN, N. Y.

Chairman of the Administrative Committee, Federal Council of Churches W'T HAT Edinburgh 1910 was to foreign missions, that it is hoped the Conference on Christian Politics, Economics and Citizenship (COPEC) will be to Christian achievement at home and abroad. This conference of British Christians (held at Birmingham, England, April 5th to 12th) was organized with twelve commissions each of which prepared and presented reports that were placed in the hands of the ] ,400 delegates in advance. As Edinburgh took up the work of foreign missions from the point of view of the proclamation of the Gospel in the whole non-Christian world, "COPEC" stood for an intensive study of what the word of Jesus is today in relation to the complex social conditions in which the Church must work.

In 1920, two years after the close of the 'Yorld War, a little group of English Christians representing many churches (with Bishop Gore as Chairman) met to consider the question of holding a conference on social questions. A council composed of 350 representative men and women was formed, questionnaires were prepared and about 250,000 were circulated, study circles and discussion groups were organized and an expectant and prayerful Christian public opinion was created. The basis of the conference on which the committee was able early to agree contained these words: The basis of this Conference is the conviction that the Christian faith, rightly interpreted and consistently followed, gives the vision and the power essential for solving the problems of today, that the social ethics of Christianity have been greatly neglected by Christians with disastrous consequences to the individual and to society, and that it is of the first importance that these should be given a clearer and more persistent emphasis. In the teaching and work of Jesus Christ there are certain fundamental principles-such as the universal Fatherhood of God with its corollary that mankind is God's family, and the law "That whoso loseth his life, findeth it"-whicli, if accepted, not only condemn much in the present organization of society, but show the way of regeneration.

The conference held in Birmingham represented a serious attempt to discover what our Gospel has in the way of spiritual resources for our gigantic world task and what message we have to offer the non-Christian world as well.as our civilized communities, which may be accepted with reasonable confidence that it furnishes the wisdom and power which the world needs today.

The subjects studied by the commissions are as follows: The Nature of God and His Purpose for the World, Education, The Home, The Relation of the Sexes, Leisure, The Treatment of Crime, Inter- 538 national Relations, Ohristianity and ,Var, Industry and Property, Politics and Oitizenship, The Social Function of the Ohurch, and Historical Illustrations of the Social Effects of Ohristianity. The bearing of these questions on the work of foreign missions was constantly emphasized since the grievous aspects of our so-called Ohristian civilizations have become so notorious in the awakening Orient.

While the conference was British there were fifty or more dele- gates from the United States, Europe, India and Ohina. Mr. O. Kandaswami Ohetty, of the Madras Ohristian Oollege spoke of the reflex value of missions in religious education at home and of the new sense of unity among the home churches which foreign missions have created. Ohristianity is a very live thing abroad and is compelling the simplification of religion in its presentation by mission- ~ry workers. Mr. Ohetty presented with great earnestness the plea that Ohristian merchants and government representatives should be sent to the East where contact with the other sort of Western repre- sentatives of commerce and government has so unfavorably affected the Oriental estimate of the meaning and value of Christianity. Mr. Chetty has not yet joined the Christian Church, on the ground that as a non-Christian in Hindu society he might do more toward bring- ing in the Kingdom of Christ. He asserted, however, that he is a Christian, having tooepted Christ as "God's manifestation in the life and history of mankind."

Foreign missions folks will rejoice in the broadcasting of such a missionary philosophy as the Oommittee on International Relations expressed in these words; The Church must aim at manifesting Christianity as what it essentially is-'a world religion; and it must at the same time reveal it, as not only challenging everywhere those forces of 'the world' which its members renounce, but actually projecting and, as far as lies within its power, building up a social fabric constructed in despite of them. As regards the first point, it must be clear that if the Church is to win the world it can only be by conceiving .and presenting itself as a Society to which every part of the world has a unique and essential contribution to make. Yet it is this ecumenical character that the Church has in recent. ages so largely lost. Even the vast extent of missionary effort scarcely avails to qualify this statement, since the Faith and the ceremonies associated with it are offered to men of other races in a far too exclusively European, or even national form. Even when we succeed in interpreting our religion in an international sense, we are too inclined to stop short at the confines of the white race; we fail to carry it forward to that inter-racial conception which is alone adequate to express its true content. Yet the problems we are apt to describe as'international are often more correctly conceived as inter-racial. And if the Church is to meet them, it must do so as an inter-racial body in the fullest sense. We have hardly begun to realize how greatly Christianity might be enriched by incorporating the spiritual experiences and· intellectual qualities of other races than our own, to say nothing of the developments in liturgical expression and ecclesiastical art which a truly universal Church might be expected to manifest.

The Conference took notice of the frightful ravages of modern industriali~m in the Orient by passing a resolution sponsored by representatives of the VVorld Y. W. C. A. which expressed deep concern at the grave situation which had resulted from the introduction of Western industrial methods in the East where industry has become a menace to mankind through the absence of standards of protection of the workers.

The discussion of the report on International Relations gave an opportunity to explain the world-wide aspect of the Church's task. "The very center of Christianity is its universalism," declared the Chairman of the commission in introducing the report which in its recommendations emphasized the following principles: The Christian faith is fundamentally opposed to the spirit of imperialism. From a healthy national patriotism should be evolved the spirit of international cooperation. Moral principles accepted by Christians as binding between individuals in their political, economic and social relations should be no less obligatory on nations in their dealings with each other, and on the individuals of the same nation and community in their relations with those of another nation. The Conference accepts the doctrine of universal human brotherhood and its implications. In international as well as in national relationships, the methods and results of industry and commerce must be judged by their contribution to the service of mankind. In relations between more advanced and less advanced countries, the governing principle should be that of trusteeship.

Doctor Julius Richter of Berlin, well known to readers of the REVIEW, was welcomed by the conference with great heartiness and spoke earnestly in connection with this report emphasizing particularly the place of the organized foreign missionary enterprise in the development of right international relations.

Edinburgh and Birmingham supplemented each other. Edinburgh unified and vitalized and made effective the work of foreign mission boards. The world tragedies of the intervening fourteen years made the Birmingham conference inevitable, and its findings as well as the spirit of inquiry which it has promoted will go far toward the understanding and preaching of a more dynamic Gospel at home and abroad. Preparations are under way for the holding of a somewhat similar conference in America within the next two or three years, to be known as the National Conference on the Christian Way of Life. Commissions are at work securing a wide discussion of Christillnity and International Relations, Industrial Relations and Race Relations with a fourth on The Church and the Christian Way of Life.

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBERG BLDG., PHILADELPHIA

THE SECRET OF INTERRACIAL SYMPATHY AND COOPERATION O DR Lord said: "There is none other commandment greater than these-Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart and with all thy soul and with all thy mind and with all thy strength ….. Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself."

If the Church of Christ, which professes to love God, would constantly practice Christian neighborlinesll, then inter-racial difficulties would soon vanish. The methods that have been actually tried by individuals, communities and churches and have been found successful, ~hould encourage and inspire other individuals, communities and churches to give themselves with earnest endeavor to the discovery and the prac.- tice of methods for inter-racial cooperation.

NEW AMERICANS AND THE LOCAL the border. Institutiona:l neighbor- CHURCH hood houses are most e1lcellent where By REVER.END THOMAS BURGESS they exist, but most churches-lack this machinery. What can the m~ny thou- Secretary, Fore6gn·Bo.rn Americans Division, sands of local churches do' Until P.rotestaut Episcopal Church, and Chairman, they act, but few can be reached. New Ameriealls Committee, Home Missions Council and Council of Women for Home The Protestant Episcopal Church Missions has adopted the method here stated as The best method by which to reach a national policy. In the past four onr new 'American neighbors is scarce- years over a thousand of our parishes ly a method at all. It is the simple have been stimulated .and guided into practice of Christianity. Because we successful action-persuaded to do have spent our time seeking for elab- the obvious. Other churches are do- orate methods, we have failed. A vast ing the same more and more, and number of the 35,000,000 foreign-born show a goodly number of parishes that and their children remain isolated have caught the vision. The examples from American life. Our country is here given are taken from several de- in a serious condition, and the great nominations.

responsibility rests upon the local The following six points are essen- churches throughout the country. tial: The purpose of each local church 1. The Pastor must be converted.

is not mutual edification but Chris- This hardly needs comment. A little tian practice, i. e., brotherhood and mid-west mining town church was al- service to our neighbors in the Name most dying. A new minister came and of Jesus Christ, who is no respecter of practiced brotherhood not only t~ the persons, the Friend of all men. Anglo-Saxons but to all. By going Foreign-language missions, set off about among all the unchurched peo- by themselves are necessary, indeed pIe and becoming their friend, within necessary evils, but they only touch a year his membership list doubled.

541

Twelve different nationalities worship Independent, Catholic, and Russian and work together in the same way as the old Americans used to worship Orthodox groups.

and work alone. In one of our greatest dceitnieos~intha­e combined men's clubs of a In a New England factory city it tion selected a corporal's guard of took several years to convert the pas- their numb~r who took the leadership; tor. Two laymen, one, president of a great mill concern, the other an em- the result IS that many parishes are ployee, together won the confidence of doing real service.

3. Study local conditions. – The the leaders of five different races by picked leaders must know what are study, sympathy and service. The the races within the wpahroisthhebiroulneadds~ parish men's club took up the work, what are their needs, and the church is now a center of ers. are, what forces are working for fellowship. theIr good, and what, for their ill.

2. One or more leaders must make To learn these things a house-to-house the primary approach. Tact, discern- survey is worse than useless. Those ment and devotion are necessary in who already know should be consult- the beginning. One woman in a big ed, the school authorities, the police, parish in the center of a big industrial city made herself responsible. She t~e ~elfare workers, the physicians, became the mediator winning the con- dIstrICt nurses, and above all their own racial leaders. '

fidence of .the foreigners, and break- 4. Study racial and religious backing the exclusiveness of the "Amer- grounds.-True fellowship can never icans." Two foreign-language mis- be accomplished with a man until the sions patronizingly accommodated for ability to look at things from his years by the parish were invited for standpoint is acquired. We Americans the first time to hold union services are a most provincial people. We must with the big' congregation. Their learn to appreciate the great gifts the women's and girl's societies enter- New Americans bring with them for tained one another. Thus all came to ES, before we can offer gifts to them.

know and appreciate each other and Eal':h race is different. The study must work together. Also this woman or- begm. by books, and be followed by ganized a successful parish school for learnmg from personal contacts with learning English for fifty adult young for:eign~rs all the way from foreign the best people of the particular races. ulllversity graduates to illiterates. We m~s~ especil.llly learn to respect the relIgIOUS herItages of our foreign- Last year sixteen nationalities were born neighbors. Most of them are represented, Poles, Armenians, Ger- Christians, often far more devout mans, Russians, Italians, Chinese, than we.. Never proselytise, but coop- Hungarians, Ukrainians, Slovaks, erate WIth theIr foreign churches sJyapriaanness,eS, wFedreens,chT,urLkisthaunadniGarne~sks.As- where they exist, especially the Or- thodox Greek and Russian, etc. Rec- A devoted layman in another town ognize and build on the faith they tqouoiketthane dleuandasinsuhmisincghfuerlclho~ashnidp after have-never tear down. with 5. Choose leaders of real Christian the many Albanians of the community character.-They must have two prihe became their veritable father of mary essen!ials, sy~pathy, which the colony and has led many of them means, not pIty but abIlity to put oneinto his church. self in the other's place and "feel In a small New Jersey city, almost wal~oincgh with" sinhciemr~' and hfourmoinliet'y~ means respect entirely foreign, a paid trained wom- neIghbors. Self-opinionated zeal and an, worker accomplished the same re- patronizing condescension are fatal to sults. She is called to all sorts of fellowship.

social and spiritnal service by all sorts 6. Convert the local church mem- of people-including those of Italian, , bers.-This, to our shame be it said

BEST METHODS

is the hardest task of all, and must 4. In Cleveland a church with an be brought about gradually by the pas- aristocratic congregation stood in the tor and the picked leaders. Sermons, middle of a Slavic flood. The pastor, lectures on the races by experts, stere- of Irish extraction, went among the opticon talks, study classes, distribu- Slavs with much success, started gymtion of leaflets, presentation of plays nasium classes, fought hard to obtain and pageants, and exhibits, and mu- a sufficient budget, taught English, sical entertainments by the foreign- reached the children and employed a born themselves-all these help. Ex- trained woman worker. amples could be given where the devoted work of a few has won the 5. In a New York town the local confidence of a racial group, only to church fostered for some time an have it de'Stroyed by the invincible Italian congregation and then gave it and unchristian coldness or actual op- a church of its own. The pastor of position of the rest. the American church has been select- ed for the last twelve years because FURTHER EXAMPLES.-A few more of his sympathetic and helpful attiinstances will suffice to demonstrate tude to the Italian work and the whole the liluccess of this normal method. congregation is working in brother- Given the above leadership and co- hood. operation to establish contacts, Christian love and common sense will find HELPFUL PUllLICATIONs.-Most of th e further ways. the denominations have published books and pamphlets on the subject. 1. In a Delaware rural village These may be ordered from the Dewhere the local church was doing nominational Board. "A Program nothing for the foreign-speaking folk, and a Challenge for the Local the superintendent of the Sunday- Church," Home Missions Council, school of a church seven miles away 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, price carried a group of Hungarian chil- 3 cents, details this same method, and dren weekly to his Sunday-school, and gives a carefully selected list of pubbecame the beloved adviser of the for- lications. eign group, who, by the way, were intellectually superior to the native FELLOWSHIP THE METHOD.-The American stock. aim is mutual understanding, mutual appreciation, mutual confidence, mu- 2. In another New Jersey town a tual service; the method is fellowlittle church is dying of exclusiveness ship for the New Americans with the best old ~~mericans. These latter aswhile one of the women of the church suredly are the American church peowhose three sons were with the Amer- ple. Not uplift but fellowship is what ican army in France gave herself to is needed and longed for by the lonely the Italians of the vicinity, then took foreigner and his ostracised children. special training under her Home Mis- Is your local church practising it 1 sion Board and started several com- Are you f Our Christian slogan munity centers for Italians and is should be "For every American doing one of the best pieces of work Christian-a foreign-born friend." among the rural foreign-born in the country. CONFERENCES FOR COLORED 3. In a great church in Boston, WOMEN largely through the work of a devoted woman during the past nine years 389 By MRS. W. C. WINSBOROUGH Chinese have been enrolled in the Sunday-schooL Forty have become Chris- "I have always wanted to help my tians and many have become commu- people but never knew where to begin nicants; some have returned to China until I came to this Conference. Now and are doing good work spreading I know exactly what I· am going to the Gospel there. This devoted woman do when I get home.': This delegate, has also maintained a successful day speaking in an open session near the, and evening school in her own home. close of one of the Colored Women's

Conferences of Alabama, voiced the Board of Health, gives a series of experience and the determination of talks and practical demonstrations on a large number of the delegates to sanitation, ca.re of infants, etc. An whom she was speaking. All over the extension worker among the colored South in towns, villages and hamlets people from the State Board of Health are to be found earnest Negro women talks on Better School Buildings, who realize their community sur- Better Housing, Delinquent School roundings are not what they should Children and other phases of her be and yet who do not know where work.

to begin to better them. A seri~s of five lessons is given by a Realizing what summer conferences practical sewing teacher, making it had done for their own membership in ' possible for the members of the class the development of leadership, the to establish a sewing school for girls Woman's Auxiliary of the Presby- on their return home. Sometimes a terian Church, U. S., decided in 1916 trained Playground Teacher from the to bring together a group of colored public schools gives a daily exhibition women of potential leadership for a of supervised play and teaches simple week's intensive training in Christian games. A D()mestic Science teacher community work with a view to send- gives practical demonstrations in the ing them home equipped and inspired preparation of simple nourishing to undertake the solution of some of meals from the products of the kitchtheir local problems. The success attending this 'venture was so great the en garden. Night addresses are given Conference has met annually for eight by educators, missionaries and lecyears while similar Conferences have turers on themes of interest to the been established in nine other South- Negro. One excellent course of lecern states. Last year more than five tures on ' ,Negro Immortals' , prehundred women were gathered into sented brief biographies of Negro these meetings and the accomplish- poets, musicians and artists. The ments of the delegates in community program, of course, may be varied betterment work are remarkable. Since to meet the needs of the Conference. it is possible for any city or town of the South to have one of these con- The Meeting Place.-It is usually ferences it may be well to go some- best to hold the Conference in the what into detail regarding the pro- dormitory of some colored school gram and method of conducting them. available for this purpose during va- cation. The delegates are housed in When possible, it is better to hold the school just as students and are the Conference in the State Capital amenable to the rules necessary for city or at least the county seat be- efficient work. The conference sescause of the possible cooperation of sions are held in the auditorium. The the State Board of Health, the State Conference lasts one week beginning Boo.rd of Education, the Anti-Tuber- Saturday night with a "Get Acculosis League, the Visiting Nurses' quainted Social" and closing the next Association and other civic and edu- Friday night with a closing rally and cational welfare agencies which have "experience meeting." their headquarters usually in the How F!:nanced.-Each delegate is state capital. charged $10 for board and registra- The Program.-The foundation of tion fee. Seven dollars of this is paid the program is the daily period of to the school for the room and board Bible Study which is usually taught of the delegate, while the remaining by some white woman who presents three dollars are retained for overclearly the fundamental truths of head expenses. Each delegate pays God '8 Word from the angle of prac- her own railroad fare. In the contical living. A trained nurse, usually ferences which are fostered by the a Christian colored woman, from the Woman's Auxiliary of the Presby- Anti-Tuberculosis League or the State terian Church, U. S., the local auxil-

BEST METHODS

iary in the town from which the dele- city and town where the Negro is to gate comes usually assists her in meet- be found in large numbers. ing her railroad expenses. Sometimes the missionary societies of the white STUDENTS AND FRIENDLY RELAchurches of the town have united in paying the expense of a delegate. TIONS It is amazing to learn some of the By EDWARD H. LOCKWOOD results which have accrued from the work of these delegates on returning Executive Secreta.ry of Committee on Friendto their home. Scores of sewing ly Relations among Forei.gn Students schools have been established permanently, several day nurseries are now The 10,000 foreign students in operating under the care of the re- American colleges and universities, turned delegate, supervised play- coming from all parts of the world to grounds have been established during prepare for work they will later do in the vacation months thus keeping the their home countries, offer the great- Negro children off the streets. "Clean- est opportunity the Christian man or up Day" was established in the col- woman has within this country for the ored quarter of a number of towns. extension of international good will. Several delegates report the establish- If we disregard the important group ment of social centers for the colored which comes from Europe we still people with a. department for the chil- have about two thirds of the foreign dren and one for the young people. student group who come from the Other delegates have been instru- lands to which the churches of Amermental in building better schoolhouses ica are sending missionaries. It is an or repairing the one they had. inadequate expression of interracial Churches have been repainted and re- and international good will if we send carpeted, flower and garden planting missionaries to foreign countries and encouraged and a quickened interest fail to extend friendship to those stuin the delinquent colored boy and girl dents who come from those countries has borne good fruit in several com- to learn in our schools. munities. Foreign students are found in near- The good results, however, have not ly every state of the union. Large been confined entirely to the colored numbers are in centers of population delegates. The white women who have with smaller groups in most colleges. been on the faculty of the conferences Plans in a metropolitan center will have gone home with a new under- d,iffer from the plans of a small college standing of the problems which face community, but beneath all such work their colored sisters and with a strong the principle must be the same bedetermination to assist in their solu- cause the need of a foreign student in tion. One colored delegate in answer- Iowa is much the same as the need of ing the question "What has this meet- a foreign student in New York. This ing meant to me" on the closing night need can be met only by friendship of her first conference said: "The unmixed with any feeling of superibest thing that has come to me at this ority on the part of the American who conference has been to find out that seeks to be a friend of the foreign stuthe white women really care about us dent. The American who wishes to help the foreign student must expect colored women." to learn from him and this presup- poses a recognition of the admirable As a method of practical inter- qualities in the life of the student racial cooperation and Christian help- from other countrieEl. Without such fulness, we would commend the Con- an attitude the American cando little ference for Colored Women and wish for the man from another 'country. that the coming yeal: might see such Granted this fundamental attitude, a conference held in every important organization of the forces of good will in a community can follow. Even'in schools where there is but a small

number of foreign students there is Students, which serves as a clearing need for a committee responsible for house giving information to foreign friendly relations work made up of students before arriYal in this country students as well a'S a committee of and providing information regarding citizens of the community. The stu- students to local workers, as well as dent committee will probably be re- maintaining a staff of secretaries of lated to the two Christian Associations the different nationalities to serve naand relate the foreign student to tional groups. It assists in the holdcampus life. It should work with the ing of conferences of foreign students committee of the community in relat- in the summer and during the school ing students to the churches and to the year. homes of the community. The town or city hospitality committees have Friends of foreign students should done excellent work in many places. realize the need of expecting the There are homes in this country which Christian foreign students to serve are known around the world because other foreign students and the people of the friendship they have shown to of America. The effect of such work is foreign students. Foreign students seen in the success of the Chinese Stucan get within the home an interpre- dents Christian Association which has tation of American life not to be had had a record of service among Chielsewhere. nese and Americans. There are simi- lar Christian Associations of Japa- In larger student centers, such as nese, Filipino, Korean and Indian New York and Boston, there is need students. Each of these groups, exfor more organization for in such cel1~ cepting the Indians, has a national ters personal contacts are not so secretary on the staff of the Friendly easily made by the foreign student. Relations Committee and by visitation, In several cities there are Y. M. C. A. correspondence and bulletins keep the secretaries who give all of their time Christians of each group united for to this work and in other cities there service. As an interpreter of his civare secretaries of the Y. M. C. A. and ilization the foreign student may be Y. W. C. A. who give part of their called a missionary to the Americans. time to such work. In Philadelphia These various national Christian Asand New York there are separate sociations help to make the foreign buildings as headquarters fqr foreign student feel this responsibility both students. For years the International to Americans and to fellow nationals. House of Philadelphia has been the center of a friendlv work because of INTERRACIAL COOPERATION IN its home-like inffue~ce. The new International House now being erected INDIANAPOLIS on Riverside Drive in New York will provide larger headquarters for the By ClIARI,ES O. LEE work of the Intercollegiate Cosmopolitan Club, the center for foreign Superintendent of Flanner House students in New York City. The new building will cost about two and a What might be termed the first half million dollars and will house five definite attempt at interracial coophundred students. In the larger cities eration in Indianapolis was the formathose churches and individuals wish- tion of the interracial committee of ing to make friendships with foreign the Church Federation about three students should consult with the exec- years ago. The committee was com- utives who are giving a great <;leal of posed of twelve men, seven white and time to work for foreign students. five colored. The direct reasons for the formation of such a committee Nationally the work for foreign stu- were dents heads up in the Committee on Friendly Relations among F'Oreign (1) The incoming of large numbers of Negroes from the South creating within their own. race many problems of adjustment.

BEST METHODS

First C. S. C. A. Conference. Tn ]909 the Chinese Students Christian Association in North America Wru! organized at Hamilton, New York, Sept. 2d to 6th. Few people realized at that time the significance of the organization and even fewer people realized the influence that was to come from the great mon who were in the making in that group. Then they were comparative,ly unknown students. Now the unknown students a,re well known men. Among the officers eleded in 1909 were Chen, Tsao, Kuo, Han, Yui, and Wang.

Dr. Chen is now First Secretary of the Chinese Embassy in I,ondon, Mr. Tsao, Presi· dent of TSinghua College, Peking, Dr. Kuo, P,."sident of Southe"stern National University, Nanking, Dr. Han, Director of Government Forestry Bureau, Peking, Dr. Yui, Geneml Secretary of the National Y. M. C. A. of China, Dr. Wang, Commissioner for the Rehabilitation of Shantung.

On March 7 to 9, 1924, this group of Christian Oriental students from the Colleges of Iowa representing India, China, Japan, Korea and the Philippine Islands, met in the St:J41;e · Conference of Orient.als at Coo College, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and were the guests o.f the people of Cedar Rapids.

Fifteen years .from now another story will be mitten of who they are and what they have done.

(2) The increasing antagonism up- things connected with Negro life.

on the part of large numbers of white They are responding generously and people toward Negroes, especially we believe this will do much toward those who were living within the path- creating a better feeling between the way of the expanding colored districts races.

and those who rode street cars which The second venture in interracial were becoming more and more filled cooperation was inaugurated by the with colored people. Y. W. C. A. about one year ago. The To facilitate the work of the com- Central institution in connection with mittee, four sub-committees were its colored branch organized a group formed as follows: of women for a closer study of the Housing, problem in hand. The work of this Law Enforcement, committee has been largely educa- Church Activities, Recreation. tional and while we believe much good has been done, no specific results are The Committee on Housing made a apparent. Representatives of the cursory survey of bad Negro homes Committee frequently appear before and placed its findings before many groups within the city to discuss with groups in the form of exhibits and them the Christian approach to the speeches. Comparisons with white problem. rentals of the corresponding class re- The third step in interracial coop- vealed that the rents charged Negroes eration is just now being made. Memwere higher and the conditions of the bers of both interracial committees houses, worse. The City Council had named above have had the feeling that before it at the time an ordinance to their membership was too restricted eliminate some of the most unsanitary to do the largest amount of good. conditions in the city. This committee Many felt that such a committee ought by placing its finding relative to the to include Catholics and Jews as wen unsanitary conditions of premises in as Protestants. It was also felt that the hands of councilmen friendly to such interests as the professions, the ordinance, was instrumental in Chamber of Commerce, Real Estate Board, etc., should be inclUded. The getting the measure thrQugh. The Committee on Law Enforce- problem of heading up the Committee ment has held a number of meetings was also considered. It was felt that with Negro and mixed groups in the the Committee could be of the largest interest of stricter obedience to the service by becoming identified with the law. Appeals also have been made to Council of Social Agencies and it was the newspapers to weigh carefully the so formed. The membership was set stories of Negro crime before they are at fifty with twenty-five white repre- sentatives and twenty-five colored. The published. The committee was active through Steering Committee endeavored to two brutal Negro crimes-both being select the most representative people murders of white women by Negro of the community. The selection of men. In each case Negro officers on colored representatives was placed in the police force were the real appre- the hands of the colored people themhendel'S of the criminal and the news- selves. A list of white people was also papers were asked to give this fact placed before them for their endorseprominent mention in their stories. ment. The aim has been to get as By frequently stating the fact that democratic a committee as possible these officers were Negroes and by in- and to make it absolutely clear to colserting their pictures in the papers, ored people that it is not a white or we believe much feeling was allayed colored controlled proposition, but an that would otherwise have arisen. We interracial committee. The working are striving to get the newspapers to nucleus is to be an Executive Commit- publish more and more of the better tee of nine members with a chairman

BEST METHODS

and secretary. Six functional com- great and growing community of mittees are being formed as follows: Italians. It was a young women's or- Law Enforcement, Health, Housing, ganization that first sensed the prob- Education, Economic Justice and lem. "What shall we do for these Public Opini~n. It is the plan to hold folks right around us 1 Surely it is the first meeting in May. not enough to send money to home and foreign missions. There is actual In addition to these committees work at our doors." much has been done by way of bettering the feeling between the two races That led to the posting of an invitaby such organizations as the Family tion to the Italian girls and young- Welfare Society, Community Fund women to join a millinery class. 'rhe and the Flanner House. The Family next winter another class was added Welfare Society employs two colored for the making of shirt-waists. The visitors and they are as integral a friendliness' was magnetic. A Bihle part of the staff as the white workers. School was opened. Today, then; is It This society works among" colored as well equipped Christian Center in opwell as white clients. The Commu- eration, and the old stately edifice; nity Fund has encouraged active par- instead of being lost to its purpose, is ticipation of colored workers in the meeting the needs of a new ann ap- Fund drives and these workers have preciative group of those, who, eomir,~ been made very welcome at the noon as strangers to our country, have luncheons. The Council of Social found the freedom that makes free Agencies has colored representatives indeed. and these representatives are as welcome at the luncheon dinners of the In Cincinnati a little woman council as the white members. The /!,rasped at an opportunity nearly lost. Flanner House is a Social Settlement There came into the Bible School one working among" colored people. For day a group of five Chinamen plainly years its board has been made up of seeking instruction. A man tried to both white and colored members. The teach them and gave up in despair staff comprises 17 regular workers after the first day. The next Sunday and 6 associate workers. Of these 23 another made the attempt with similar workers, 7 are white and 16 are col- result. The Chinamen were advised ored. Among the colored are one doc- to go to night school and learn Engtor, two nurses, one friendly visitor lish and then return to be taught and one stenographer. The institution religion. It was at this point that the makes studies of the Negro in Indian- little woman came to the rescue. She apolis relative to population trends, could not go on the quest herself, but economic status, interracial relations, she bade the men find them and etc., and places the results of these bring them back. They came, and studies before the public as frequent- patiently the little woman set to work, ly as possible. teaching them her own language and the things they had come to learn. WHAT CAN BE DONE Within a year the class grew to twen- ty and failure gave place to victory. By BERTHA G. JUDD The stranger throws his door wide' In the great metropolitan areas open to friendliness. But it must not many churches formerly at the very be forgotten that he is not long a center of residence districts have stranger. Contacts of some kind are found themselves practically aban- made quickly. Someone has said: doned by their erstwhile constituen- "The first six months in America are cies, by the removal of the grown-up the Christian's opportunity," espechild,ren of the original families to cially in the industrial centers. The other localities. One of these churches challenge is sounded for the producthns found itself surrounded by a

tion of a board of Christians who ties were invited as guests. After the exhibit the spirit of Christianity's dinner each group was }Jresented in Founder. turn, one of its members made a brief response and then the entire group It is for the demonstration of this sang in its own tongue. ·After all had sympathy and understanding that friendly centers are being established thus had a part, all joined hands with by Christian churches from coast to one another and with the entire ascoast. They not only acquaint the sembly and joined in the hymnstranger with his American friends "Blest be the tie that binds." but also establish acquaintance between the various racial and national The stranger is here. He is asking, groups. "What has America for me f " If the answer is "Tbe bond of Christian At a recent City Mission dinner, love and fellowship," he and our representatives of various nationali- country are safe.

PHILADELPHIA DINING FOREIGN STUDENTS In the winter of 1924, the Phila- the value to Philadelphia, to America delphia Chamber of Commerce gave a and to all countries represented has dinner to foreign students in the been proved. The students from schools and colleges in Philadelphia foreign lands have in this way become and vicinity. The student-guests num- personally acquainted with leaders in bered 356 and came from fifty-six dif- Philadelphia, business, church and ferent countries of the world. The civic life. :Many permanent friendlargest number from anyone nation ships have resulted. Even from a was in the Chinese delegation of purely commercial and selfis,h standseventy-seven. The members of the point, the Chamber of Commerce re- Chamber of Commerce bore all of the ports that the influence of some of expense for themselves and their the young men in their home countries guests, who were assigned to members has improved business relations beand their wives acting as their hosts and hostesses. ']'his is the third year tween Philadelphia firms and the comthat such a dinner has been held and mercial representatives of the Orient.

A College Conrse to Eliminate Race Prejndice PROF. EDWIN L. CLARKE, a professor in Ohio University, has introduced in the department of sociology a course in "eliminating prejudice. " All sorts of prejudices are studied,-religious, national, racial, occupational and political. One result of the course has been the formation of the Ohio Student Inter-racial Conference, for the promotion of better understanding between white and colored students.

· Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QmNI,AN, 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK THE WAY OF CHRIST IN RACE deeply-significant facts and truths.

RELATIONS 'fhe more serious student, with the By EDITH H. ALLEN academic viewpoint, will find it a Chairman of the Joint Committee on Home marvellous piece of coordination of oetail, a synthesis of some of the most Mission Literature Each new series of home mission fundamental scientific research on the textbooks is but another effort to bring question of race. more light, more beauty, more moral To the person of inward Christian cohesion into the way of human rela- earnestness it holds new sources of tionships-that is, of course, getting creative Cht"istian thinking and ef- more of God, more of Christ and His fort. "The hands that believe and principles, more of the 'Christly ap- build" of missionary folk everywhere pt"eciations actually realized and ex- will gain new powet" tht"ough the deep pt"essed among men. set"vice-benedictions of this book. Of Long ago Sit" Thomas Browne said, One Blood has the feel of the flowing "Light is but the shadow of God." of deep watet"s-clear and ongoing The new home mission textbooks on the toward some great new outlet of begeneral theme "The Way of Cht"ist neficence for humanity. The last in Race Relations" have been pre- paragt"aph of chapter four flings out pared in the earnest hope that a light this gt"eat affirmation: "Here is the -a reflection-a shadow of God might solution of the race problem. If look- so illumine men's souls and intellects ing out over humanity, torn with race as to release them from old trammels feuds and embittet"ed with race and hasten the pt"ogress toward the hatred, we ask with Paul, 'Who can larger thought-the more Christ-like deliver us from the body of this impulses in all that relates man to death?' the answer is simple and clear, man and raee to race in an essential 'Cht"ist is the Saviour of this body.' "

kinship as children of one blood; that A notable bibliography incorpora- only through having the spit"it of God ted at the back of the book provideR we may feel ourselves true sons of additional resources for students and God, whatever our racial background the separate pamphlet, Suggestions or pet"sonal status. to Leaders; will be helpful to those Dr. Robert E. Speer, President of presenting the book to classes or audithe Federal Council of Churches of en~es. A Handbook-Bibliogmphy on Christ in America and Secretat"y of Foreign.Language GGarnoaudvass in th", the Board of Foreign Missions of the United States and compiled Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., by Amy Blanche Greene and Freder- is author of the leading book of the ick A. Gould is a valuable collateral series, Of tOheneboBolokotdo.u' chAess might b(1 aid, containing a wide variety of data expected, profound regarding foreign-language groups.

depths of truth, emotion and spirit. A fortunate combination of literary 1f its spit"it alone becomes contagious, and Christian viewpoint and experi- that would be the book's finest achieve- ence contributes to the charm and ment. The range of its appeal is flavor of the shorter book in popular wide. It has a message for everyone. style on this theme: Adventures in The casual reader or student will find Brotherhood' by Dorothy F. Giles, delight in the readiness of the book Assistant Editor of McCall's Magat? yield its treasures of mood, impres- zine. Here incidents of everyday iife SlOns and easily-assimilated though make vivid the realities of the general 551

discussion. The book is companion- All the home mission publications able and interesting as well as con- are planned and issued jointly by the vincing. Many women's and young Council of ·Women for Home Missions people's groups will find themselves and the Missionary Education Moveat home in the friendly atmosphere of ment. Orders should be sent to depractical fellowship and helpfulness nominational literature headquarters. of this book and will be well remunerated for the time spent with it. Sug- 1 Cloth, 75 cents; paper, 50 cents. gestions to Leaders' is provided. 2 15 cents. 3 Cloth, $1.50; paper. $1.25. For groups twelve to fifteen years • Cloth. $1.00. of age – intermediates – eight splen- 5 Cloth, 75 cents. did stories tell of men and women of 6 Each S(lt, 25 cents, different races who did fine things 150 cents, in a worthwhile way here in America. Margaret F. Seebach, author of this BROTHERHOOD* book of biographical sketches entitled, The Land of All Nations,' knows how " TV e are all brothers between the Fowr to tell a story that sticks in the mem- Seas.' '-CONFUCIUS. ory and draw a character with life in it. Suggestions to Leaders" also ac- The One bethought Him to make man companies this book. Of many-colored dust, For boys and girls nine to twelve And mixed the holy spirit in years of age to enjoy themselves there In porUons right and just; is Uncle Sam's Family,' a reading book of stories by Dorothy McConnell. Each had a part of mind and heart From One Himself in trust. Leaders of Juniors from nine to twelve years of age have Better Amer- Thus came the b~own and yellow men iwns; Number Two,5 second volume And black and white and red, of "The Better America Series, " written by Miss Mary DeBardeleben. So different in their outer look, The author says in the introduction Alike in heart and head, that the book is intended to furnish material for use in Junior Depart- The self-same earth before their birth, ments of Church Schools, Junior Mis- 'fhe self-same dust when dead. sionary Societies, Endeavor Societies, -Pai Ta-Shl//f!. Week-Day and Vacation Schools and similar organizations, the method of NEGRO AMERICANS presentation being a combination of story and conversation, as much initi- By FRED L. BROWNLEE, Chairman ative as possible being given to the children. Very delightful devotional From the report of the Committee of the suggestions are presented through Home Missions Council and Council of Women scripture lessons, brief stories, songs for Home Missions. and prayers. A splendid advance is taking place For the children, from the least ones in Negro education by county and up to nine years, varied and winsome state departments in the South. This material has been arranged. There means advance in what we would call are four sets in the Picture Sheets standardized or certificated education. Series:6 The Eskimos. Negro N eigh- It means more and better Negro bors, The Italians. Orientals in the schools, more and better equipment, United States. Playing Together,' is and more and better trained and beta new collection of Primary Picture ter paid teachers. It also means that Stories-six large pictures with a the mission schools must meet the new pamphlet containing a story to ac- standards set by the states. company each picture. But a young man or young woman can no more be truly educated with- out the culture of a broad. rich and meaningful religion than one can bake bread in the most up-to-date bakery without yeast. In a broad and true sense, missionary schools are Christian schools. When they cease to be this, then the quicker they are turned over to the state the better.

'" Reprinted by permission of Dr. Frederick Peterson from "Chinese Lyrics" by Pal Ta-Shun.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

The causes lying back of Negro mi- A number of Negro institutions now gration seem to be chiefly five. First, doing college work have made such economic conditions largely produced progresB since the Phelps-Stokes re- by the boll-weevil in the South and a ports were issued some eight years ago demand for labor in the North. Sec- that they are eager to have their ond, poorer educational advantages in schools re-surveved. .

the South than in the North. Third, The Institute" of Social and Reli- the lack of social and recreational op- gious Research has undertaken a study portunities. Fourth, a feeling of in- of Negro Theological Education in the security on the part of the Negro– South. This survey was eagerly de- that his life and property are not safe sired by a number of denominational in the South and that he has no guar- boards responsible for the theological antee of justice should he get into the schools.

courts. Fifth, the constant reminder through various forms and placards NOTEWORTHY ADVANCE that the Negro is a Negro. This year the chairman of the Com- To meet these situations, there is a .mittee on Women's Church and Misdecided humanitarian awakening on sionary Federations of the Council the part of Southern white people. of Women for Home Missions and the Better schools, social advantages, and chairman of. the similar committee on opportunities for justice in the courts local federations of the Federation of are being steadily provided. Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions Facts which the Committee would is the same person. The two commit- emphasize are: First, migration is tees are functioning as a joint com- neither a new nor a distinctly Negro mittee and plans have been formu- phenomenon. A.s Dr. George Haynes lated to make even more effective the has put it, "This great movement is service rendered by the national agen- but a part of the tremendous migra- cies to the local interdenominational tion of people and races the world groups.

over during the past half century … The Council's Committee on Schools Furthermore, the migration of the of Missions has been organized in a Negroes from the South is no new new manner this year. The chairmen thing ….. Again, we note that the of all affiliated Schools are advisory movement of Negro population has members during their tenure of office been toward Southern as well as as chairmen. This, also, should yield Northern cities." Second, and this is fruitful results in effective correlation the outstanding fact, Negro migration, and interchange of ideas, methods and accentuated during the war, continues promotion.

on a large scale. Third, We must make It has been suggested to each School up our minds that Negroes, in large that during the session a Conference numbers, have come to stay in the of representatives of Women's Church North. Fourth, Negroes have success- and Missionary l<~ederations be held. fully entered Northern industries, business and the professions. This should prove mutually helpful to the Schools and the Federations.

In their train these facts carry All of the Schools affiliated with the many problems that the Church needs Council, with the exception of Northto take the initiative in solving. To field, are for home and foreign mis.

quote Dr. Haynes again, "A.Il the sions and so it is eminently fitting problems of health, education, govern- that the two committees on Schools ment, vice and crime, interracial contacts and many others press for solu- of Missions are now working in closest tion, North as well as South. The matter can no longer be regarded as cooperation. The unification of the a Southerner's problem or a North- observance of the Day of Prayer for erner's quelltioll." Missions has thus been forerunner to much coordination of Federation and Council activities. … ..

5 EDITED BY MISS GERTRUDE SCHULTZ, MISS ALICE M. KYLE NEWS NOTES FROM THE WOMEN'S Domestic Science classes and we must OHRISTIAN OOLLEGES OF THE have these rooms next July for the ORIENT classes. One of them we are going to Isabella Thoburn Oollege, India give to Miss McMillan for music. The hostel building that the Pres- By FLoRENCE L. NICHOLS byterians are to erect is also going up. An hour and a half of gay-flowered Ve are short of room this year, and Japan was transported into India on our enrollment is bound to be more College Day, on the evening of Jan- next. We have also been permitted to uary 19th, when ninety-five of the add a course for teachers who have Isabella Thoburn College Students finished their college course; that will took part in a charming operetta increase our numbers next year also. "The Golden Amulet." We wish we could have our Assem- The singing and acting of the main bly Hall and one of the wings on the characters was very well done, and on administration building for the liside platfoqns stood the choruse~­ brary. We also want a botany room smiling Japanese maidens, bowmg over there as none of the biology over their fans and singing in plain- rooms have any direct sunlight inside tive or joyful sympathy with the ac- as I ordered. tions of the play. Recently a new organization has After the reading of the Principal's been established in Chad Bagh known report, His Excellency Sir William as the University Church for the peo- Morris made a few remarks of con- ple living in this part of Lucknow. gratulation on the ~uilding achieve- 'fhis church has its own officers. Proments of the college m the past year, fessor Cornelius has been selected as the relief work students and staff our regular honorary pastor and Miss were able to accomplish during the A. Wells as secretary. flood, and the high order of the evening's entertainment. This annual There are about one hundred memplay the 'Staff and students are eager bers in this church. All of them beto keep traditional, both as a training long to different denominations and for themselves in dramatic art and a still have connection with their own presentation to the community of churches, but just for their college Lucknow of the student body at its years they have enrolled their names best in activities outside the class- with the membership of the church. room and examination hall. • We are getting toward the close of our college year and it has been a Vellore's Welcome to "Doctor Ida" wonderfully successful one. The girls By MISS LOIS C. OSBORN have been very happy and very good Matron of the Nurses' Home, Vellore Med- and our whole teaching staff has been ieal School congenial. The day that Dr. Ida Scudder re- We are putting up a second dormi- turned was one of great excitement.

tory. We absolutely had to have it For weeks the girls had been planning because our first dormitory is full to a welcome for her. The gardener had overflowing and the three rooms which made an arch over the gateway and were built for Domestic Science have this was covered with bright leaves been used as an overflow Dormitory. and colored tissue paper flowers. At With Miss Justin here we have opened the top of this was a big banner with 554 the word "Welcome" on it. Under D, for Miss Dodd. We had a banana the banner hung an American flag. leaf for a plate, and we had rice It looked very impressive. which had been cooked with chicken, a real delicacy, curry, fried potatoes From the gate to Dr. Scudder's and curds! You could use a spoon, bungalow chains of leaves were fas- but the real way is to eat" with your tened. The front entrance was beau- fingers. For dessert we had sometifully decorated with palms, banana thing that tasted like doughnuts. leaves, jasmine flowers and paper flowers. It is hard to get bright-col- After dinner we moved over to the ored flowers, and the girls are very verandah of the hostel (dormitory) , clever in making the paper ones, and and one of the girls read an address they did add the dash of color needed. of welcome to Dr. Scudder. .As Dr. Scudder and Mrs. Scudder and Miss When the travelers arrived Dr. Dodd were mentioned each was given Scudder was driving her car, which a garland of jasmine flowers. had been taken to the station for her. She drove through the long line of To close the evening's entertainstudents, which extended to the gate, ment 'ragore's play "The Post Office" all of them waving handkerchiefs. was given by the girls-and they are Clad in their white saris, with blue born actresses. Mter this was all ribbons on their left shoulders the over we stood in a large circle and girls followed the car. They stood in sang onr "Alma Mater" which is to front of the bungalow and, holding the Vellore banner, they sang a song • • • the tune of " America the Beautiful. " to "Grandma Scudder." Then the president of the Student Government Dedication of GiDling College went up on the porch and put a garland of jasmine flowers about Dr. By MA'l'ILDA C. THURSTON Ida's neck. A song was then sung to lVIiss Dodd and a wreath presented to Ginling College is a delight in three her. After this they sang to Dr. respects: first, that it has taken a Scudder: long look into the future. Land and equipment have been bought for a "Doetor Scudder, lovely Doctor Scudder, large campus -and substantial build- Doctor Scudder, we welcome you- ings planned, with room for an in- We would welcome you with songs, crease up to 400 students. In addition Pretty songs, Oh!" to this the architecture is a triumph.

Beginning over again, the next The third feature is that Ginling is verse sang of "Happy Smiles" and so holding back unprepared applicants, on. Even Michael, Dr. Scudder's dog, so that true college standards may be was included in the welcome. established. Only forty out of sixty candidates for the freshman class One night the girls gave a dinner were admitted this year. to Dr. Scudder-a genuine Indian party. Indians do not feel that they Dedication Day was a day of rejoicare properly entertaining their guests ing. It was also a day of ceremony. unless they help in preparing the It began at 9 o'clock in the morning food. Consequently, while the girls with the reception of guests, and servhad a man especially to do the cook- ing of tea followed by an inspection ing, they themselves were busy all day of the buildings. Nanking dignilong. .At night they put on beautiful taries sat on the platform at the fresh saris, and they loaned each of us formal exercises — the Civil Governor one so that we might be properly with his rich silk robes, the President dressed for the party, too. of the Law School, who is a returned student from America; officials repre- The party was held out of doors, senting the government University, and everybody sat on the floor on the police and merchants, besides mats. We were divided into two American bishops and college presigroups, one party sitting so as to form dents with the gay colored hoods of the letter S, and the other the letter academic procession. The customary

greetings and addresses of a Chinese or institutions for men, University of occasion were given in two languages. Nanking, the Southeastern Univer- On successive evenings two banquets sity, Conservatory College, Law Col- were given, one in American style, the lege, the 'rheological Seminary, along other a typical Chinese feast served with girls from the Government and ,. in courses of four bowls each with the famous "eight precious puddings" Christian Midd,.le S..chools.

as the middl-e course. Americans used Union Medical College for Women their chopsticks much more awk- By FRANOES J. lIEATl! wardly than the Chinese had "lsed Tsinanfu, Slumtung, China knives and forks the previous evening.

The opening of the new campus is The new buildings of the Union a great event for China. When one Medical College are fine and will give realizes what it means for 96 girls, very good service. There is ample representing thirteen provinces, to room for 60 girls in the main dormi- have broken with tradition and tory and by crowding as we did in climbed up· the educational ladder Peking, I think we could put in 70 thus far, it seems the promise of a girls. It is a great joy to have a mod- great future, when Chinese women ern building with plumbing and elec- will take their share in the responsi- tricity and the rooms are all cheerful bilities of this great nation. and sunny. The architect's slogan is The progrllm was rather long, but "not a bad room in the house." As as a rule the Chinese like long pro- you know from the plans all the grams. The historical statement was rooms face either south or east.

made in English and Chinese, with The grand move was made in two variations, by the President and Miss sections; on January 30th the janitor, Hoh, alumnae member of the faculty, coolie, amah, and three carloads of member of the class of 1920. Miss laboratory supplies, books, furniture, Hoh addressed herself more particu- charts, models and baggage left Pe- larly to the Chinese officials who have king and three days later reached not known very much about Ginling. 'rsinanfu. The students bad moved the The President's remarks were ad- day before to the hospital at the dressed to the English-speaking sec- Presbyterian Mission. Then followed tion of the audience. The Civil Gov- a two weeks of operations (it seemed ernor spoke and two other Chinese as if all North China had a premoni- brought greetings. The English ad- tory lapse into surgical ailments in dress was by President F. L. Hawks anticipation of my getting out of Pott, President of St. John's Uni- reach!) and transfers of work, and versity, Shanghai, the oldest of our then the final transfer. On February brother colleges in China. 12th, 1.5 students, 53 parcels, umbrel- Wednesday evening we had an of- las, the school mascot, and I crowded flcial banquet. Thursday was cele- into two compartments, and rode to- brated as Founder's Day and was gether in peace, harmony and amuse- given over to Alumnae and Student ment for twelve hours, arriving here functions. At the Chapel exercises at 10 P. M. the same night. .

Dr. Hodgkin spoke. Thursday night The medical school of the Shantung was Founder's Day banquet in the Christian University is a bi-lingual gymnasium. 'lITe had fourteen alum- school. The instruction is in the ver- nae (more than one third of our total) nacular but the students are supposed and with faculty, Board of Control to have a reading knowledge of Eng- and students, over 150 were present. lish. There are people who believe Friday afternoon we were at home that the future of medical education to Nanking people and over 400 in- in China is with the vernacular school and they look forward to a large opspected the buildings.

Saturday we had our biggest crowd. portunity and great influence for the We invited all the students in colleges Shantung Union Medical School.

AMERICA race mixture, .may be classed

Solving Raee Problems white." W. A. Plecker, M.D., State THE plan of conference and coop- Registrar of Vital Statistics, says: eration as a means of adjusting "It is estimated that there are in the race relations, developed in Atlanta, State from 10,000 to 20,000, possibly Ga., and promoted throughout the more, near white people, who are South by the Commission on Inter- known to possess an intermixture of racial Cooperation, is attracting na- colored blood, in some cases to a slight tion-wide attention and is being extent it is true, but still enough to studied earnestly abroad. This com- prevent them from being white. In mission, organized in 1919, now has the past it has been possible for these branches in every Southern state and people to declare themselves as white in 800 counties. No effort has been or even to have the Court so declare made by the Commission to organize them. Then they have demanded the in the North; but in many Northern admittance of their children into the cities interracial committees have sprung up spontaneously, in the effort white schools, and in not a few cases to meet situations created by the re- have intermarried with white people. cent heavy Negro migration. The ….. The intermarriage of the white Federal Council of Churches has its race with mixed stock must be made Commission on the Church and Race impossible. But that is not sufficient, Relations, officered by Southern men public sentiment must be so aroused and working throughout the nation in that intermixture out of wedlock will cease. "

close harmony with the SOl1thern movement. A state race relations Raee Problems in Mississippi commission was recently appointed in THE cause of good will and coop- Pennsylvania by Governor Pinchot, eration between the races took a and a movement for such a body is on step forward in the organization in foot in New Jersey. General Smuts, Jackson, Miss., in May of a strong Governor of British South Africa, State Interracial Commission, which after making careful inquiries relative entered immediately upon the task of to the plan, announced his purpose to improving conditions in the state. make it in future the basis of British The organization meeting was called efforts in behalf of the natives. Noted by Bishop Theodore D. Bratton, and educational and religious leaders was attended by more than twenty from South Africa have also been recent visitors to the Commission's white and colored leaders. Bishop Bratton was elected chairman, Blake headquarters for the study of the Godfrey, of the State Y. M. C. A. movement. was made recording secretary, and Virginia's "laeia! Integrity" Hon. Francis Harmon, assistant at- torney-general of the state, was made THE Virginia Legislature in its last executive secretary, backed by a session passed a bill "to preserve strong executive committee. The col- .ra.cial integrity," which defines a ored leaders present emphasized es- white person as "one with no trace of pecially the need of better educational the blood of another race, except that facilities. Pl'of. Bura Hilburn, State a person with one sixteenth of the Supervisor of colored schools, made a American Indian, if there is no other sympathetic response, pledging his 557

department to the continued improve- except the City of Mexico. Two new ment of educational conditions for locations have recently been bought colored people and pointing out the for Mexicans in that city and we hope rapid progress already being made in the money will soon be available to that dircction. The executive com- erect some chapels on these lots at an mittee was authorized to organize the early date. We have an almost un- whole state as rapidly as possible. limited opportunity to work among R. W. Miles, field representative of these Mexicans, who are fleeing their the General Interracial Commission, country for a place where they can was immediately sent out on this mis- find rest and quietude. Our work sion and within the week had inter- among the Mexicans in the United ested leading citizens and formed the States is growing so rapidly that it is nucleus of committees in three other not in our power to take care of it. cities. Sentiment over the state is We must have more money and more said to be more favorable to this work preachers. ' , than ever before. Armenians in California For Japanese in Calif'ornia THE Pilgrim Armenian Church in THE home mission work of the Free Fresno, Calif., has an enrolled Methodist Church among the Japa- membership of 336 and 250 in the nese extends over the Pacific Coast Sunday-school. In 1884 a few Ar- states, but its chief activities are in menian Christians who had come to central and southern California. Rev. Fresno had been attending the Con- A. Youngren reports on the activities gregational Church there, turning in various centers. For instance, he naturally to the denomination that says: they had known in Asia Minor. But many of them were not familiar "The w<>rk iu Berkeley is now supplied enough with English to feel at home by Ge<>rge S. Yamamoto, a local preacher, in the services, and in 1901 their own who has a good education, speaks English Armenian church was organized with well, and is a fine Christian man. The thirteen families. Eight years ago activities of the Berkeley church include, they secured as pastor the Rev. Manas- besides the weekly preaching services and seh G. Papazian, who had been a pas- prayer meetings, a weekly service at San tor in Aintab in Asia Minor, and then LorellilO, a Sunday-schOOl, Bible classes in pastor of the Armenian Congrega- Japanese, w<>men's meetings and house·t<>· tional Church in New York City for h<>use visiting. Some of the members of several years. In 1921, when the . this church spurn the idea of Christians First Presbyterian Church of Fresno giving only one tenth of their earnings to offered its property for sale, the Pil- G<>d. They give practically all they earn, grim Armenian Church purchased the except the amount necessary to pay their well-equipped buildings for $100,000. bills. An Im.m.igrant Proteatant Church "Los Angeles County has by far the largest number of resident Japanese <>f all THE Church of All Nations and the Japanese settlements in the state. Here Neighborhood House, at 9 Second the center of our work is in Los Angeles. Avenue, New York City, has erected Ten denominations are carrying on religious a new building with the Methodist work aDl()ng the Japanese in this city, and Centenary gifts. Its new six-story most of them are supplying their mission structure is a beacon light in the con- churches with both missionaries and J apa· gested section of the lower East Side nese workers. ' , where it has been consecrated to serv- ice for men, women and children of Mexioans in California foreign tongues and many races. Its eighty classrooms, club rooms, gym- DR. R. L. RUSSELL, of the Home nasium, auditorium and chapel give Department of the Southern Presbyterian Church, who keeps in constant touch with the situation, says: "So rapidly are the Mexicans moving into Los Angeles, that there are now, it is said, more Mexicans in that city than in any city in the world

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

great opportunity to influence the life Among the new bishops elected was of these people. Dr. Titus Lowe, for two years secre- tary of the Board of Foreign Missions. Mr. William S. Woods, Editor of Dr. F. M. North, the senior secretary, the Literary Digest, says: "This de- was retired and made "consulting termined assault of the Church of All secretary. " The two new General Nations and Neighborhood House on ~cretaries elected are Rev. Ralph E. the seething sin of the great East Side Diffendorfer of Chicago, who has is to my mind the finest thing that been active in the educational division New York Methodism is doing today." of the Committee on Conservation and Advance, and Rev. John R. Ed- This service is given through Sun- wards of Baltimore, who has been day-schools, Epworth Leagues, and superintendent of the Washington services of worship in the different District, and a member of the Board. languages spoken. Kindergartens, The heavy debt of the Foreign Board community service, Boys' Clubs and is to be funded in short term bonds Girls' Clubs help. Bowling, tennis, and a sinking fund is provided from swimming, baseball and gymnasium World Service receipts. are a part of the p:togram. Russian and Italian Forums, Jewish Clubs, The General Conference also put Chinese and Italian Girl Scouts, choirs time limitations upon the terms of for old and young, Russian Clubs and office of missionary bishops, who are Daily Vacation Bible School provide not eligible for re-election; the onEinstruction ahd recreation. Mothers nation of women was authorized and babies use the roof garden. Stu- (without admission to the General dents from Cooper Union use the gym- Conference); the" general ban was nasium. Religious, educational and lifted from worldly amusements, such recreational classes are provided for as dancing, cards and theatre-going; the different races in their own tongne examination on special doctrinal questo bring Jesus Christ and His teach- tions may now be omitted for adults ings in concrete form t(},thousands of uniting with the church; belief was men, women and children of alien reaffirmed in the teachings of the tongues who have not learned to know Bible and teachers in Methodist pul- Him in their previous contacts with pits and classrooms were urged to relife. main true to the basic beliefs of the Methodist Church. The Methodist General Conference Methodist Students at Louisville THE Quadrennial Conference of the Methodist E pis cop a I Church COLLEGl!: students of today are not (North), which m~t in Springfield, satisfied to be directed, inspired Massachusetts, in May, brought to- and helped. They wish to direct their gether 858 delegates from North and own course. At Indianapolis they South America, Europe, Asia, Africa had a hand on the machine, but felt a and the Philippine Islands. Among stronger hand steering. Therefore, the important expressions of convic- Methodist students called a conference tion voic'ed by the conference (repre- in Louisville, Kentucky, April 18th senting over four million Americans) and 19th, under the leadership of were opposition to war, enforcement Stanley High. Their main purpose of prohibition, participation in a was to discuss life problems and life world court, and union with the service–in politics, in business, in so- Methodist Church South (two and a ciety, in the home or in a profession. quarter million). Several Methodist They agreed that ideally loyalty to Boards were united in a new Board of Christ and His teachings must take Education, and a World Service Com- precedence over loyalty to any demission was formed to take the place nomination or any field or form of of the Council of Boards of Benevo- work. They made an effort to reach lence. conclusions as to how to express right

relationships with man even before the churches, annnal conferences, UlJSSIOn establishing right relations with God. conferences and missions now constituting War, race and industry took prece- the Methodist Episcopal Church Sonth, and dence over religion, but religion was any other BUeh conferences and missions as to be manifested in our attitude on may hereafter be organized by its jurisdic· these subj-ects. Idealism was mani- tional conference with the approval of the fested in the discussion, even if ex- general conference. perience and wide knowledge were often lacking. Definite, rather than The Bishops of the two churches IUl at general statements and standards were present· constituted shall be Bishops of the demanded and resolutions were adopt- united church without further action. ed that were courageous and of a practical nature. Presbyterian Foreign Mi••ions The Louisville Conference called THE Board of Foreign Missions of for a united Christian student move- the Presbyterian Church in the ment in America to include the Y. M. U. S. A., with its budget of over $4,- C. A., Y. W. C. A., S. V. M., and 000,000, supports 1,600 missionaries other movements of all denominations and 8,960 native workers. The forand all departments of Christian life eign church membership is 210,000 and service. This stud-ent conference and the Sunday-school pupils number was a conspicuous sign of the times. 349,000. The money contributed to Prayer is needed for these students clear the deficit came from some 2,000 that they may be led in their idealism individuals and 172 presbyteries. to follow fully Ch!ist's Way of Life. There was one gift of $25,000 and others ranging from $5,000 down. The Vote for Methodist Union Finance Committee of the Executive Council calls for $11,381,270 during E FFORTS for the union of the the coming year. Of this missionaries Northern and Southern Method- and native work require $3,290,298 ist Episcopal Churches have been and property estimates $6,850,372. under way for many years. The prac- The budget actually called for, howtically unanimous vote of the General ever, is $4,060,282, omitting property Conference of the M. E. Church on appropriations and other items. Ad- May 7th for unification with the M. E. ministration and appropriation ex- Church South has brought that union penses amount to $485,000 and New in sight, for favorable action on the Era assessment, Interchurch debt and part of the Southern General Confer- cooperative work to $208,344. ence is expected. In that case the question will be sent for ratification Congress of Di"ciple" Church to all the 165 annual local conferences in the Church North and the T HE Annual Congre'Ss of Disciples conferences in the Church South. If of Christ this year held its sessions two-thirds of each branch vote for the in Lexington, Ky., from April 28th unification it will go into effect im- to May 1st. Formerly the procedure mediately thereafter. The united has been to select two speakers on opchurch will have 8,270,704 members. posite sides of a given controversial subject and let them open its discus- The plan of unification provides for sion with prepared papers. This seaone general conference and two juris- son the procedure was to select speakdictional conferences. ers of authority on great, live issues and, following their own presenta- J urisdietion N (). 1 shall eomprise all tions, to subject them to a fire of questhe ehurehes, annual conferences, mission tions and discussion from the floor. eonference and missions now constituting The Congress is not allowed by its the Methodist Episcopal Church, and any constitution to pass resolutions. But other such conferences and missions as may it was felt that some expression of hereafter be organized by its jurisdictional conviction should be formulated on conference, with the approval of the general the war issue which the Christian conf.erance. conscience now at last confronts. An extra-congressional assembly was J urisdiction No. 2 shall comprise all

1924J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

therefore called and, after voting ap- United Brethren Belief proval of Judge Clarke's world court THE Foreign Missionary Board of resolution, found itself launched upon the United Brethren Church adopta discussion of the question of the ed Some time ago the following reso- Church's attitude toward war. lutions: Y. W. C. A. National Program "Resolved, That we, as a Board do, here and now, reaffirm our unwaver- THE biennial national convention ing belief in the inerrancy of the of the Young Women's Christian Scriptures as man's only rule of faith Association, held in New York City and practice; in the Saviourhood and from April 30th to May 6th, planned Lordship of Jesus Christ; in his suba progressive program.· The basis of stitutionary sufferings and death; in membership in local Associations was his bodily resurrection from the changed so that any woman or girl grave; in his exaltation at the right may qualify as an elector who will hand of God as man's intercessor, and take this pledge: "I desire to enter his final personal return to earth in the Christian fellowship of the Asso- power and great glory. And we hereciation. I will loyally endeavor to by give assurance to the entire deupbold the purpose in my own life nomination, and to all other Christian and through my membership in the bodies, that no missionaries will be Association. " This amendment must sent out as representatives of this be again passed by the next biennial Board who do not accept these docconvention before it finally goes into trines without reservation, and give effect. Further- provisions of the assurance of their willingness to amendment safeguard control of the faithfully preach the same." Association in Protestant evangelical hands, for it goes on to provide that "three fourths of the board members, Huguenot-Walloon Celebration J including three fourths of the officersEAN RIBAUT, sent out by the great French Huguenot, Admiral of the Association shall be members of churches eligible to membership in Coligny, founded the first Huguenot the Federal Council of the Churches colony at Mayport on the St. John's of Christ in America," and that-three River, Florida during the first week fourths of each local delegation to the of May in 1562. Three years later the national convention shall be similarly Spaniards massacred the settlers and constituted. The amendment is in wiped out the little colony. The Florevery sense an alternate provision. ida Daughters of the American Revo- Even if it eventually is written into lution dedicated a shaft on the site on the constitution it will not be com- May first. The following week the pulsory but optionaL Any local As- Huguenot Society of South Carolina sociation that wishes to continue the dedicated a memorial tablet in the present basis of membership will have Huguenot Church, Charleston. The the right to do so. Huguenot-Walloon Society of Penn- sylvania celebrated the tercentenary In 1923 over $400,000 was expended at Valley Forge on May 14th. The in foreign work. Because of lack of funds it will be necessary to withdraw Huguenot I~eague, representing all American support from Y. W. C. A. the Huguenot societies of the United work in France, Rumania, Russia and States, met in New York May 15th. the Malay peninsula in ] 925, and On May 18th the Reformed Church from the Baltic states beginning in in America (Dutch) dedicated the 1926. The overseas work will continue National Huguenot Memorial Church in South America, Mexico, Asia at Huguenot Park, Staten Island. The Minor, India, China, and Japan, and Huguenot Pilgrimage to Europe be- the work in the Philippines will take gan on June 15th. In addition to'the priority over all other responsibilities Huguenot half dollar, the Government outside the United States. is issuing special one, two and five

cent stamps in honor of the tercen- Evangelism in Guatemala tenary_ THE Presbyterian Church in the LATIN AMERIOA U. S. A. reports 328 services in 69 different places for one missionary in The Montevideo Congress Guatemala City, a large part of the work of organizing the Evangelical PLANS are progressing for the Church of Guatemala which consists great congress on Christian mis- of 5 organized churches with 1,000 sions in South America, to be held communicant members. In addition, under the direction of the Committee Dr. and Mrs. Burgess, in cooperation on Cooperation in Latin America in with Mr. and Mrs. Peck, have been Montevideo in April, 1925. Twelve carrying on a unique work among the commissions, whose reports will be the non-Spanish-speaking Indians of basis of the discussions at the confer- Guatemala. This is a pioneer work ence consist of Mission Board repre- which requires great faith and courage sentatives and missionaries, thus en- and patience. A hymn book containsuring that the work will be con- ing twenty hymns in the Quiche lansidered from both the point of view guage has been published, and a part of Board administration and actual of eight chapters of John also transoperations on the fields. Their sub- lated into this language. Other work jects are: Unoccupied Fields, the In- is carried 011 among the Mam Indians. dians, Edll~ation, Evangelism, Social Movements in South America, Medical Moravian. in Nicaragua Missions and Health Ministry, Church in the Community, Religious Educa- T HE seventy-fifth anniversary of tion, Literature, Special Religious the founding of the Moravian Mis- Problems, Cooperation and Unity. sion in Nicaragua was celebrated in The Congress will be composed of March by appropriate ceremonies at about 200 delegate's, half of them Bluefields. The circumstances of that members of churches in South Amer- founding were recalled with interest. ica. The presiding officer will be a Moskito became a British protectorate South American. Following the Con- in 1655, and British rule became ingress, regional conferences will be creasingly popular as time went on, held in Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Aires, so that Queen Victoria was called by and possibly other cities. In 1926 a the people, "Mother of the Indians." conference will be held in Mexico, to One king, who ruled from 1834 to consider Christian work in the north- 1842, was somehow under the impresern part of Latin America. sion that Great Britain was a teetotal country; he desired to see his subjects Real 'Unity in Santo Domingo total abstainers, and, thinking that if a few Britons would settle in Moskito, T HE May REVIEW referred to the they would teach his people the dan- favorable report on the union evan- gers of drink, he granted a small gelical work in Santo Domingo, made parcel of ground to two British offi- cers. In order not to offend the king, by an interdenominational group that they accepted his gift; but, having no capital to work it, they determined to recently visited the island. Bishop sell it. Having tried in vain to find purchasers in England, they offered F. J. McConnell of the M. E. Church, it to two German noblemen, Charles of Prussia and the Prince of Schoena member of that group, says that berg-Waldenburg; and the latter, who had long been a friend of Moravian when a Dominican convert accepts the Missions, suggested to the Moravian Mission Board that the time had come Protestant view of Christianity he is for a mission to the Moskito Indians.

admitted simply to the evangelical church and hears nothing of Method- ists, Baptists, Presbyterians or Dis- ciples, although representatives of all these bodies are engaged in this unit- ed service. .

NEWS FROMi MANY LANDS

Earthquake in Costa Rica trolled everything, and to whose pride and power this new measure is a big AWRITER in the Latin American blow. Colombia iR lining up with free Evangelist describes a severe republics of South America in shakearthquake which occurred in Costa ing off the shackles of clericalism." Rica in March, and says of its effects: "It has been estimated that ninety BaptiSts in Bolivia per cent of the houses in the capital have been damaged, but that seems CANADIAN Baptists hold in trust to be an exaggeration. It is true, how- a farm of between 800 and 1,000 ever, that the majority of buildings acres on the shores of Lake Titicaca are more or less seriously damaged. in Bolivia, about sixty miles west Hundreds of houses have to be taken from La Paz. On this farm there are down and among these are included forty-two families with approximatethe principal government buildings ly 250 Indians. Each of these families and the churches. The great cathedral has a house and section of land around is so badly cracked as to render it it, the full proceeds of which they quite unsafe, and the Archbishop's receive in return for farming the Mispalace is labeled 'dangerous.' The sion's section free. The Canadian cities outside the capital in the track Baptist Board has a school· among of the seismic movement have propor- these Indians, of which Miss Alice tionately suffered more. Some of Booker is now director, assisted by them are completely ruined. The Mrs. L. N. Vickerson. Last October Pacific Railway was badly cut up in the Board sent to Bolivia a fully sections, nor is uninterrupted com- trained agricultural missionary, Mr. munication with the coast yet estab- J..J. N. Vickerson, who died very sudlished. However, the horrors which denly after he had been in Bolivia usually accompany earthquakes have less than three months. His successor mercifully been absent from this dis- has been found in a Baptist graduate aster. Only one or two lives have of the University of British Columbia, been lost and there has been no lack of who will proceed to Bolivia in the fall. food supplies or of light and water The intention is that he shall teach except temporarily in some of the the Indians how to raise a sufficient towns. If nothing worse comes-and crop on this farm, which is at an altiwe are still having anywhere up to tude of 12,500 feet and on which there sixty shakes a day-Costa Rica may is grown potatoes, some small seeds be very thankfuL" used for food, a very poor kind of corn and barley which never really Civil Laws in Colombia ripens. Through the school and the farm it is hoped to reach the Indians I N spite of the energetic opposition in such a way that the evangelistic of the clerical elements the Govern- appeal made to them will be stronger ment of Colombia has passed what is than it otherwise would be. called the law of Civil Register, and in future all births, deaths and mar- Fight for Liberty in Peru riages will have to be registered before the civil authorities under pain of fine THE struggle in Peru for religious in case of neglect to comply with the liberty has been followed with inlaw. Henceforth evangelicals and any terest by the REVIEW, which reported others so desiring can be married be- in January the expulsion from the fore the corresponding civil authori- country of the brilliant young evanty. "This," says the Latin American gelical leader, Haya de la Torre, who Evangelist, "will be a very great boon has been the idol of the liberal political to evangelicals in Colombia who have forces and who is also an earnest up to the present suffered the most Christian. The Latin American humiliating annoyances and delays Evangelist states that in his journey from the priestly authorities who con- to Mexico he was received and hon-

ored at every port. The Student Fed- samples of' work from industrial mis- erations of Panama and Cuba gave sions; literature printed in the ver- him a great ovation, the latter making nacular. It is a great source of' edu- him an honorary president of their cation for those who wish to learn.

Federation. In the same order of events which resulted hi. his expUlsion World Alliance at O:o:ford from Peru, an order was issued for THE WorId Alliance f'or Internathe arrest and deportation of Rev. tional Friendship Through the John Ritchie, editor of Renacimiento Churches now brings together every and noted evangelical leader. The year a group of' the most distinguished British Minister, with the aid of the representatives of all the churches of Peruvian Minister of Foreign .Affairs, Europe, Asia and America. Two was able to arrange finally f'or Mr. years ago the full International Com- Ritchie to remain. The same order mittee of two hundred and fifty was was issued against Dr. John Mackay assembled at Copenhagen. Last sumof the Free Church of Scotland Mis- mer the Management Committee of sion, under whose influence Haya de thirty met at Zurich. This year the la Torre had accepted the Gospel. He Mana.gement Committee met a.t Oxwas then on his way back f'rom a trip ford f'or four days early in May,' and to Argentina and Uruguay. On his besides the thirty members there were arrival the Government forbade him twenty guests, heads of various subto land, l;mt af'ter a few hours and committees or representatives of speowing to the same good offices he was cial great Church movements. Dr. permitted to disembark, though his Frederick Lynch, one of the secreluggage was held. taries of the Alliance, writes: EUROPE "It was easy to discuss general questions such as disarmament; the League of Na- Mi8l1on8 'at the Britt.h Empire ElEhi- tions and the use of force; the use of bition history textbooks to incite contempt of and hatred of other peoples; sympathy of the T HIS great exhibition at Wembley, Western churches for the persecuted Eastern London, offers a wonderf'ul educa- Orthodox Church in Constantinople and tional opportunity. Those who visit Russia. These qUeBtions were discussed very the" Christian Service" exhibits can- thoroughly and many points of view were not fail to be impressed with the evi- represented, although on the whole there was a rather surprising unanimity on some of, dence that Christian missionaries are theDL Almost everyone present seemed to feel that the League of Nations was going a great civilizing force in every coun- to depend less and less on force, more and try where they work. more on the united conscience of Chriliten- They have been pioneers in caring for dom."

j~per8.

They have been pioneers in medical work Peace Convention in France for the neglected.

They have been pioneers in education of DELEGATES from France, Engwomen. land and Belgium, who met re- cently in Lille, France, under the They have been pioneers in work for out- auspices of the World Alliance for castes. Promoting International Friendship Through the Churches, adopted two The missionaries, inspired by the important declarations. The first read ideals, example and command of' Christ, go about doing good and pro- in part: claiming "Good News." A visit to the exhibition gives clear evidence of' Believing that present circumstanees ofthe missionary influence and ideals in fer to the French, Belgian and British pe0- India and West Africa. There are ples special opportunities to le.a~ the world photographs and models of mission into the way of peace and gOOd-WIll, the con- schools of all kinds; of hospitals and . ference asserts that it is the urgent duty dispensaries. There are pictures of churches built by African labor and of all Christian people in these stlttes to of Indian scouts and of Wolf Clubs; UBe their influenee to ene-ourage that their governments act in a spirit of reconciliation; tolerance toward and friendly cooperation

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

with all races, and a readiness to refer to and the bulletin contains a farewcll peaceful arbitrament all international dif- report. In January, 1924, the Ne1te ferences; and, in particular, t(} cooperate loyally and whole-heartedly in bringing all (New) AUgemeine Missions – Zeit- schrift appeared, edited jointly by peoples into the membership of the League of Nations, and in assuring its authority Professor D. Richter of Berlin, and and that of the Permanent Court of Inter- Director of Missions Dr_ Schlunk of national Justice as at present the chief in- Hamburg. A list of associate editors struments for establishing and maintaining representing the various German mis- the peace of the world.

The second resolution read: • sionary boards will launch the new enterprise by publishing the con- The conference addresses to the Chris- tributions made from various circles. tians of England, France and Belgium a pressing appeal t(} use their influence with It is hoped that thereby the bonds of the press to secure, as far as possible, international missionary activities will the publication of information favorable to international friendship, and to correct in- be strengthened.

accurate and mischievous statements likely to cause diseord ..•.•• Lastly, it begs the Bible· Shut Out of Russia W ecclesiastical authorities in their paxishes to B. COOPER, secretary of the • British and Foreign Bible Sopromote a courageous and euthusiastic propaganda in favor of the League of Nations-the last hope of Europe in her dis- ciety, writes: tress. "A good deal of scepticism must Gospel Work in Belgiu:m be felt, not to say suspicion, in read- ing of favorable missionary prospects THE Belgian Gospel Mission, whose work was last referred to in the in Russia. Mirages waylay the un- April REVIEW, reports the following wary. If there are missionaries at "eight results of five years' effort": work in that country, they are in large measure helpless; for it is a truism (1) Twenty-fonr preaching and evangeliz- that unless missionaries arc able to ing posts in seven of the nine provinces. circulate the Scriptures among their (2) Tw(} Bible schools, training workers in people, they are unable to accomplish their mission. It is only a driblet the two languages of Belgium (French and Dutch) for work in Belgium and fields abroad. (3) Over 2,OO{),OOO Scriptures and now and again that can be got intracts distributed. Several workers give all even then with immeasurable pains. their time to this work of Scripture distribu- To lead a camel through the eye of a tion. (4) Street preaching conducted in needle is as easy as to penetrate Russcores ()f cities and villages. (5) Through two gospel tents the Gospel has been sia at present with the Scriptures. preached to thousands in many towns of The British and Foreign Bible So- Belgium. Many conversions and several ciety has its representative on the new permanent groups or believers thus spot with the experience of twentyestablished. (6,) Buildings already pur- chased in ten diff~rent centers. (7) Fifteen eight years in Russia behind him. If Sunday-schools established. (8) Translation anyone can surmount the barriers deof bo()ks and tracts int(} both Dutch and terminedly maintained, he, with the French. prestige of his associations, will suc- The Mission appeals for a building ceed. But the Soviet have made it all fund of $200,000, to meet "the im- but impossible to send Scriptures into perative and immediate opportunity." the country-absolutely impossible to send them in any quantity. They Ger:man Missionary Magazine have speciously removed one barricade T HE well-known AlLgemeine Mis- only to build up another practically sions Zeitschrift founded by the insurmountable. An unheard-of rate late Dr. G. Warneck, was forced to go of customs duty is an effectual bar- out of existence because it could no rier. An example will show its work- longer cope with the financial situa- ing. Mr. Prokhanoff, the well-known tion in Germany. The November and evangelical leader in Russia, explained December issue of 1923 completed the to our Society that he will do his best fiftieth anniversary of its founding, to buyout from the customs one by

one, the cases of Scriptures sent to ment of Karl Marx; on the holy wall him by our agent from Finland. One they put the portraits of Trotsky, case at a time, his own property, at Lenin and Liebknecht. On the high incredible cost, he may succeed in place before the altar stands a table ransoming. " covered with a red tablecloth. The door on the north side is covered with Sunday-aehoola in Greeoe a red flag, and on the places where WHEN the ten Greek and Arme- before have been ikons, opposite the nian students preparing for door which leads to the holiest they Christian service in the School of Re- . have a motto, ' Proletariat of the ligion, located iri Constantinople, were world, unite.' On the platform is a forced to leave because of their na- piano. A member of the organization tionality it looked as though their life plays a polka, and the girls of the plans were seriously frustrated. It society dance."

was another case, however, of man's AFRICA extremity being God's opportunity. Egypt aDd the Oaliphate These students, with two of their professors, found an open door in Athens, MOSLEMS in Egypt feel much dis- Greece, where they could continue concerted by the deposition of their studies without molestation. the Turkish Caliph. Some favor King When Dr. W. G. Landes, General Sec- Hussein of Mecca as his successor, retary of the World's Sunday School but do not like his being under British Association, visited Athens recently protection. The Egyptian Governwhile en route to the general con- ment issued a prayer for use during ference on Religious Work in Moslem Ramadan, omitting all reference to Lands which was held in Jerusalem, the Caliph (for the flrst time since he met these students and was able to Islam conquered Egypt). Prayers arrange with the Sunday-school Com- are to be offered instead for "His mittee located in Constantinople to Majesty, Fuad I, King of Egypt and send these well equipped young men the Sudan." Some newspapers favor into the 'refugee camps located in and offering the Caliphate to King Fuad, around Athens that definite Sunday- but he is not an Arab, and is not conschool work might be carried on. sidered religious. Complete inde- They will give their entire time to pendence is the one aim of Egyptians, this activity during June, July, Au- but Great Britain does not propose to gust and September. Two hundred release control of the Sudan.

and fifty thousand refugees are lo- cated in these camps. The Greek Gov- Fellowship of Unity in Egypt I ernment has erected shacks for day N the autumn of 1921 the Fellow- ship of Unity started in Egypt by school work and permission has been given to use these buildings for Sun- holding a conference at Helwan. day-school work too, as well as for Members of the following Churches other forms of Christian educational were present; the Coptic, the Greek work. Orthodox, the Armenian, the Syrian, Bolshevi.m and Religion the Abyssinian, the Presbyterian (Egyptian, American, and Scottish), Areligious paper in Germany quotes and the Anglican. From the very from the Russian newspaper 18- first an atmosphere of brotherhood vestia an account of a Greek church was created in which the members in Moscow, which was given to the were able to talk quite freely about Communist young people's organiza- things of common interest and con- tion. A correspondent writes about cern; St. Augustine's dictum, "Unity the new decoration of the church as in essentials, and love in all things,"

follows: "In the open door, which was taken as a motto. At the con- leads to the holi~t, stands the monu- ference of 1922 an executive for the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Fellowship was formed and placed on of the old ideas may remain, rooted in a working basis, the headquarters of the hearts of many of the people even the central branch being in Cairo. after they profess Christianity; but Branches have since been formed in paganism, as a system of religion, is Alexandria and Khartum. Last year, fast passing away. The Bishop adds the clergy and ministers of the Chris- that the religious festivals of the tian Churches in Egypt and the Su- pagans are now little more than plays. dan were asked to form branches of the Fellowship of Unity in each Idols in the Belgian Congo church, and to invite the members of their congregations to join the Fel- MISS W. G. HALL, of the M. E. lowship as members or associates. Church South, writes from Wem- The Fellowship organizes and holds bo-Nyama, Congo-Beige: "There are an annual two-day conference in or at present only eighteen Methodist near Cairo, together with half-day missionaries and five missionaries' meetings two or three times a year. children in this vast field. We are These meetings are unique in Egypt, maintaining five stations. How it denothing resembling them having ever lights my heart to see these children taken place, or even been attempted fearlessly pick up and play with an in this land.-The Living Church. idol which their fathers have wor- shipped for generations. It is some- Races in South Africa Confer times difficult to teach the old people, but it is comparatively easy to teach THE editor 'of a Dutch newspaper, children that their wooden and metal who attended the Conference on images are powerless. Civilization is Native Affairs held at Johannesburg slowly but surely coming tQ these some months ago at the call of the people. The question is, are we going Dutch Reformed Church, was very to Christianize it f The Belgian Govmuch impressed by it. He says in ernment is requiring the natives to the South African Outlook: burn their idols, but what if they have nothing better to take the place fAre "It was unique in that it was the first you and I not responsible? If you at which natives along with Englishmen and are absolutely sure that this is not Dutchmen sat down at a 'round table' to the field where our Father would have discuss together the interrelation of the you work, then pray with us that races, not only on religious matters, but someone else who should be in this also sDcml, educational, economic and polit- work will answer the call to service." ical. It was remarkable espeeially for the spirit that prevailed throughout. These men Gifts of African Christians had met to try to solve racial problems by viewing them frDm a Christian standpoint T HE report for 1923 of the Frank' and dealing with them in a ChristilUl. man- J ames Industrial School in Elat, ner. They were frank yet sympathetic, West Africa, contains much informacritical yet practical and constructive. tion of interest about the Christian There was a remarkable agreement. Dutch, community in general: "One of the English, black and white,. were all at one on greatest marks of promise among the most points in the great and intricate prob· men is their increased interest in mislems. One can say truly that the eonference sionary giving. An appeal was made forms a turning-point in the history of the to them early in the year when Evina interrelation of the two races in this land. ' , Zambo, who had spent two years in Bafia, returned to his home for vaca- Paganism Doomed tion. He told the men of the pagan- ism of the Bafia people and how they THE Bishop of Lagos in an in- were turning to the Lord. The re- teresting article in the Church sponse of the men was surprising. Missionary Outlook for May on "The More than 140 pledges were made, Opening-up of Nigeria," says that which have been paid monthly. Many paganism is doomed in West Africa, and that independently of the direct work of the missionaries, the heathen worship is dying and losing its devotees. Belief in witchcraft and other

of the apprentices who receive only Lovedale. On December 19, 1823, six francs a month have pledged fifty fifty copies of the Kafir alphabet were centimes to a franc a month. The printed. It is difficult for us fully to pledges total 104 francs a month, appreciate the vision and faith of the which is sufficient for the support of men who introduced the art of printat least three native workers. Two ing to what was then an uncivilized men have been assigned to their sup- country and a barbarous people enport to date. Evina Zambo has writ- tirely without letters. But that faith ten the men every month telling of has been justified abundantly. Comhis work during the preceding month. pared with many other presses in These letters are awaited with eager- their centenary year, the progress ness and read with much interest. Lovedale's has made may seem slow Often when the letter is a little late, and inadequate, but the circumstances and their monthly missionary meeting have been exceptional. The wonder is therefore postponed, the men come rather is that the Ilovedale Press surto inquire about the letter. A spirit of vived, for of the considerable number generosity seems to have followed the of mission presses begun in South newly awakened interest in missions. " Africa in the course of these long years nearly all have long since disap- Recent News from Uganda. peared. Among the books published this centenary year is a translation T HE wonderful success of the mis- into Xosa of Stalker's "Life of sion of the Church Missionary So- Christ. "-South African Outlook. ciety in Uganda is a familiar story. The statistics of the mission for the NEAR EAST past year have just been received and show that during 1923 the number of Petty Turkish Persecution adherents has been increased by more than 15,000. The number of bap- DR. W. S. DODD, who has spent tisms recorded during 1923 was 15,- thirty-eight years on Turkish 786, of whom 12,412 were adults; and soil, has been able to continue his the number of scholars in the mission work in the hospital in Konia, in spite schools and colleges was 137,000, an of the expulsion of many other Chrisincrease of 20,000 during the year. tian missionaries from Turkey. Re- These scholars themselves contributed c-ent reports, quoted in The Continent, some £6000 in the year in school fees. state, however: "As Moslem fanatic- The C. M. S. leaders realize that the ism grows more rampant, signs appear Society cannot hope permanently to that this great surgeon's honest hold its own in the educational field friendship for the Turks is being forin Uganda without more serious ef- gotten in a petty persecuting animosfort to supply a trained European ity, intended apparently, without staff. The evangelization and the actual orders for his expulsion, to Christianization of the country ulti- make it impossible for Dr. Dodd and mately depend on the schools; yet in his faithful wife to remain in Turkey some parts of the country schools have any longer. Present tactics do not had to be closed for want of European show any inclination to use violence. staff. The method preferred is rather an irritating annoyance under legal Centena.ry of Loveda.le Press forms. ' , The latest news from Tarsus reports that St. Paul's Institute, which T HE year 1923 marked the cen- has been in session without interrup- tenary of the Lovedale Institution tion during the past two or three Press, for the pioneer missionaries Yl1ars, was suddenly closed by the working in the Tyumie Valley im- officials. The reasons given are: ported a small hand press and some first, that one of the buildings was type in 1823, and printing was com- painted with the Greek colors, blue menced at Ncera Station, the original and white; second, that one of the teachers, an Arabian, was objection-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

able to the Goycrnment; and third, missions from the outside. It is the that the school was giving religious helpi.ng thE' Eastern Churches to help instruction. Mr. Nilson, the acting themselves in their own way under President, has been very careful to their own authorities, not the imposi- comply with all Turkish laws,. but tion upon the East of Western ways it if> evident that the Turks intend to by means of the establishment of secularize all foreign schools. Western institutions." – Spirit of Missions.

The Future of Polygamy CALCUTTA newspaper recently Persian Public Apprecia.tive A stated, "The best thought every- N Zenjan, a fanatical Moslem city I where in the Bast is strongly against of 40,000 inhabitants, work was bethe continuance of polygamy as a gun last year by Dr. Ellis and Rev.

legally tolerated institution." This Charles R. Pittman of the- American pronouncement was made in connec- Presbyterian Mission in Tabriz.

tion with the following report; Delegations from the Mullah class , 'A recent meeting of several hundred and the merchants thanked Dr. Ellis women prominent iu the soeial, litera;ry, for operations he had performed and artistic, and political life of Constantinople this excited the fanatical element, who took the opportunity to complain petitioned the Angora government to pass a law abolishing polygamy and effected an organization to press the matter upon public against the native evangelist. The attention. It has been known all along that missionaries, however, continued to in many hnndreds of upper-class Turkish work quietly until the six months for homes the institution of pariloJi is no more which they had come were over. than a loosely observed social convention and that many Turkish ladies, though edu- When it was generally known that cated at home, were well trained in the they were actually preparing to leave, graces (and often the petty vices) of a petition signed by over thirty European society. What is happening now officials and other representative men is that the women of these classes have COme was sent to the Mission in Tabriz. to desire as a right what they have hitherto Part of this reads; "Mr. Pittman and possessed as a privilege; and that they lfr. Ellis have rendered services with wish the same right to extend to their less extreme sincerity and beauty of charfortunate classes. In the Oonstantinople acter. A number of our sick and immeeting the statement was made that polyg- portant patients have been treated amy has scarcely existed in Oonstantinople and operated on with great success ill_the past fifteell Or twenty years: but it and a great number have been remay be assumed tliat a thorough survey of Turkish society, even in the former capital, would not entirely bear out the assertion."

stored to life. The general public are American Church in Jeruaalem most appreciative of their excellent THE American Episcopal Church is conduct. It is regrettable that the to be permanently represented in time for their departure has arrived Jerusalem. The Rev. Charl-es T. and they are just about to leave, For Bridgeman, who for four years has this reason we are requesting that you approve of their remaining here and been the assistant secretary of the inform them and thus oblige us. If Foreign-born Americans Division of you do this, the general public will the Department of Missions, has b.een be very gratefuL" appointed by the National Council for beginning this task, and' sailed in May. He will teach in the seminaries Fanatical Moslems in Ara.bia.

T of the Greek and Arm-enian Churches HE situation in Arabia is still very complicated, according to the in Jerusalem, and help train up spiritual leaders for these. great Eastern Neue Allgemeine Jlisswns Zeitschrift. Churches, now so terribly stricken by In part of the kingdom ruled by Ibn the war' and its results. "Such a Saud along the Persian Gulf there is work,'" writes Rev: Thomas Burgess, a Wahhabism as irreconcilable as that "will be assistance on. the inside, not of the eighteenth century. Its de- 6

fenders call themselves Ikhwan (the women who can read and write is 23 brethren), and all who do not share per 1,000, instead of 13 per 1,000 in their peculiarly radical form of Islam 1911. Among Christians the figures -though it may be the Sherif of are: Men, 855 per 1,000; women, 210 Mecca or the Caliph himself-are re- per 1,000. The large numbers of garded by them as infidels, who must illiterates whom the mass movements eventually be exterminated by the have brought into the Christian comsword. Among their observances munity have lowered· Christian litersmoking, for instance, is banned as a acy as compared with that of the mortal sin. Whereas in other Near- Parsis and Jains. Eastern lands Islam has lost much of its rigorousness, notably in Persia, Gandhi'. Position Totlay this movement in the Arabian interior is settling into a mould of unrelent- I Na letter to his friend, Mr.C. F. ing, reactionary Moslem fanaticism, Andrews, quoted in the Christian which is trying wherever possible to Century, Gandhi makes plain his presexclude any traces of that modern ent program for the regeneration of culture which, coming from the coast, India. He stands for five purposes, is attempting to permeate the interior. which he summarizes in this concise In this connection even medical mis- manner: ' 'Removal of the curse of sions are next to impossible, so that untouchability among the Hindus. no great results can be expected in The spread of hand·spinning and this field 'for the immediate present. hand-weaving and the advocacy of the use of hand-spun and hand-woven INDIA cloth, to the exclusion of all foreign cloth and even cloth woven in Indian Latest Census Figures mills. Advocacy of simple life and, therefo:r:e, the avoidance of intoxi- ACCORDING to the Official Report cating drinks and drugs. The estab- of the Census of India,' including lishment of unaided national schools, Burma, which was taken in 1921 but both for the purpose of weaning stuhas only recently been published, the dents from government institutions as enumerated population was 318,942,- a part of the non-cooperation struggle, 480, of whom 163,995,554 were males, and of introducing education, includand 154,946,926 were females. The ing industrial training, in keeping increase in ten years was only 1.2 per with the national problems. Promocent. According to classification by tion of unity amongst Hindus, Mussulreligion, Hindus numbered 216,734,- mans, Christians, Parsees, Jews, and 586; Mohammedans numbered 68,- so forth." Out of all these Gandhi 735,233; Christians numbered 4,754,- is centering his strength on the effort 064. In the decade Hindus decreased to rid India of the control of Western by 4 per cent; the Brahman section materialistic civilization. "My own decreased .5 per cent; the J ains dE}- motive," he says, "is to put forth all creased 5.6 per cent; Mohammedans my energy in an attempt to save Inincreased 3.1 per cent; Parsis in- dian-that is, ancient-culture from creased 1.7 per cent; Sikhs, 7.4 per impending destruction through modcent; Christians 22.7 per cent. The ern~that is, Vestern—{lulture being Hindus have been steadily lessening imposed upon India.• , for several decades. In 1881 they formed 74 per cent of the population. The Missio'l1<!ry lIemld quotes the Now, they constitute only 68 per cent. following recent utterance from Gand- One reforming and aggressive Hindu hi: sect, the Arya Samajists, show an increase of 92 per cent in the last dec- I still believe it possible for India to r& ade. The proportion of literate men main within the British Empire. I still put is 161 per 1,000, compared with 140 implicit faith in non-violeuce, which, if ten years earlier. The number of strictly followed by India, will invoke the best in the British people. My hope for the attainment of Swaraj (Home Uule) by non·violence is based upon an immutable be·

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

lief in the goodness whieh exists deep down The doors have been wide open in in all human nature ….. . We need not most places, and people have listened eagerly. In one house a very old man hate Englishmen, though we hate the system wanted to know what was being said, they have established. They have given India a system based on foree, by which they can feel secure only in the shadow of their but he was too deaf to hear, so his son, forts and guns. We Indians, in turn, hope who seemed to be the only one who could get him to hear anything, reby our conduet to demonstrate to every peated what was said very slowly, and EngiiBhman that he is as safe in the remotest eorner of India as he professes to feel hEr hind the machine gun. he said, 'What a sweet story! Why Social Service for Women don't you come and tell us again and again ¥' How gladly we would go THROUGH its "Home Education oftener if we could, hut we rejoice Department" the St. Columba that these souls do hear of Jesus some- School for Girls, conducted by the times. "

United Free Church of Scotland in Bombay, is seeking to meet the new Two Kinds of Religion in Burma I and growing demand for the syste- N the magazine published by Ewing matic training of Indian women as Christian College, Allahabad, Insocial workers. Miss D. Lorimer dia, an Indian member of the faculty writes: "The course on its theoretical describes among his other impres- side includes the following subjects: sions on a recent trip to Bunna, these English, Scri.{>ture, Handwork, Hy- two: "Burma is full of religious giene, First Aid, Home Nursing, Mo- priests. In Mandalay alone it has thercraft, Social Psychology, Social been calculated that one in every four- History, Social Study, Current teen is a 'Poonji' who in many re- Events, Speakers' Class. There is spects resembles the Indian Sadhu.

also a reading circle on Indian clas- When I asked a learned Burmese sical literature. On the practical traveler about them, I was quietly side the pupils visit each week some told, 'We are men of the world. It is institutions, in the town connected impossible for us to give all the atten- with social work, e. g., factories, Sal- tion to religious concerns that we vation Army work, sanatorium, alms- should, and in order to secure a better houses, Blind School, etc. Once a birth for ourselves it is necessary that week the pupils, in couples, attend the we should earn merit. We use the clinic of a child welfare circle and Sadhus as our proxy, and feed them visit the homes of some of the babies and support them in every way so with the welfare nurse. Others visit that they may perform the religious regularly in the Women's Hospital. duties for us.'… Christianity has In the future the pupils hope to help made wonderful progress in this land with classes for working mothers by where caste has no meaning. It was giving a series of simple health talks. a great sight to see Karen Christians It is hoped also before long to open a worshipping in their churches. One play center for children." morning I spoke to a crowd of 2,000.

Gospel Story Welcome In one district they have put up a two-story building at a cost of seven F ROM Mukti Mission, which was lakhs of rupees, the money having founded by Pandita Ramabai, this been given by the Christians of the report comes: ' , Evangelical bands district. "

have been hard at work in all the surrounding villages, often starting CHINA off at four in the morning; many Light and Shade in China T hamlets and villages have been reached HE China Inland Mission gives the following summary of the preswith the gospel message. Then, too, bands have gone out for two or three ent social and political conditions weeks camping, thus reaching distant throughout the country: "Crime and places that we do not often get to. lawlessness are not prevalent over all

China, although it must be recog- league promised to raise the amount nized that this condition is true of to $10,000. the greater part of the country. Perhaps the most disordered provinces Co~union Service for Lepers are Szechwan, Kweichow, Shensi, Hunan, Kwangtung, Kwangsi, and– DU: w. n. DOBSON, Presbyterian till quite recently-Honan. In an- medical missionary in Yeung other group of provinces conditions Kong, South China, since 1897, deare not so grave, and yet there is a scribes a communion service in a leper great deal of robbery and brigand- village which he says was twenty age, also a certain measure of -un- years ago a village of death, a place certainty to life and property owing without. hope. "The villagers greet to troops. This group comprises us with blessings and bring out a Shantung, north Kiangsu, consider- table on which we spread newspapers able parts of Anhwei, Kiangsi, Che- and place the cakes and grape juice kiang, Fukien and Kansu,though it for the service. While the Chinese is true there are areas in each of these pastor is breaking the cakes the vilprovinces which may be regarded as lagers assemble outside the gate, sittolerably quiet and secure. This ting on the steps and on stools. About latter description may, probably, be thirty-five Christians and a few others applied as well to Chihli, and -also to are present. The pastor and the Shansi, where the government under preacher examine five candidates for Governor Yen stands out in bright baptism; they are accepted and the contrast to the rest of China." service begins. We have no organ but I give the pitch and, if you call it Chinese Home Missions so, we sing a hymn, 'The Sabbath Day. ' The preacher reads the lesson; A T a meeting in Canton in March the pastor gives a short sermon, makes of the fifth General Synod of a brief prayer, and receives the candithe Protestant Episcopal Church, dates; they sit on a bench at one side. women representing nine of ~he A cup of water from the drug closet eleven dioceses took an important is used as the baptismal font, the servstep in organizing "the W om,en's ice and responses of these sufferers Missionary Service League." While being as earnest as any at home. " the women have long been active in their respective dioceses, this means Progress in Chinese Church that there is now a national organization. Most interesting of all the T HE report of the Oommittee on matters with which the Synod was the State of the Church, presented concerned was the mission work of to the General Synod of the Episcopal the Chinese Church. The members of Church in China, reveals a great adthe Synod met on one day as the vance all along the line during the Board of Missions. The Missionary last three years. F'or example, there Society was organized at the Church's has been an addition of forty Chinese first Synod, in 1912. A most en- clergymen, a 25 per cent increase; couraging report was presented of the an addition to the number of conwork accomplished during the last firmed Christians of 3,349, a 14 per three years in Shensi, the province cent increase; an addition to the wherein the Chinese mission work is number of unconfirmed Christians of carried on, and a budget presented 4,124, a 20 per cent increase; an adasking an adyance in contributions dition to the total constituency (which from $7 ,000 to $8,500. After dis- includes the catechumens under regcussion the increase was carried en- ular instruction) of 14,736, a 27 per thusiastically, several dioceses volun- cent increase; and an addition to the tarily agreeing to give more than their offerings for Church purposes during share. The newly organized women's the year of $30,716, a 35 per cent in- crease.-The Living Church.

1924J NEWS FROM MANY LAl'mS

"No Room for Goda" prayer, that we should not be outdone THIS heading appeared in a Canton by the rites of the Moslem, or the newspaper, describing an incident prayer repetitions and prostrations of which occurred during the recent the Tibetan, but should be unceasingconfiscation of temple property by ly upon our faces before God that this Sun Yat Sen, to increase·..r.evenues. as well as other portions of the earth In the northern part of the city a should give honor to Him through betemple had been torn down, but a lief in His Son our Saviour."

numb)r of people carried an especially fine representation of the God- Christian Books for Tibet M dess of Mercy, Kwan-yin, to a neigh- E. T. G. HITCH of the Tibetan Mission, Payenjungko, Kansu, boring monastery. Meanwhile friends. of the monastery strongly protested China, reports' that on a trip into against this arrangement, fearing that Tibet in July he distributed consider- the monastery would thereby be able· Tibetan Christian literature classified under the temple ruling and which was readily receiVed. The also seized by the state. During the heads of two lamaseries received them night the image was carried out into favorably. His Tibetan teacher, lama a shed along the street. The owner of the Bon Bon sect, has publicly an- of the shed, fearing the loss of his nounced. his faith in Christ., property, called together a few people An article in the Bible Society who carried the image into an open Record for March describes an interspace where, through popular sub- view >yith Rev. J. Huston Edgar, scriptions, a small amount was raised to pay for the erection of another F. R. G. S., who in the border town of shed to house the goddess temporarily. Tatsienlu, Szechwan, is disposing of Tibetan and Chinese Scripture por- tions by the thousands. He said: China's Northwest Traders and others of all social poSitions MRS. HOWARD TAYLOR has re- from distant parts of the Tibetan uplands cently published a book entitled visit the town. In satisfying the curiosity "The Call of China's Great North- of the nomads by .showing them through our west." The editor of China's Mil- premises, by visiting the trading depots, and ..ccosting almost every man I moot, it is lions thus analyzes the nature of that possible to get in touch with almost every call: " It is a call to the frontiers of man who comes to town. As a rule, they China, where mingled races, Mongol, Tibetan, Chinese, Aboriginal, even are all very friendly. The inquiries for Bible portions have become so frequent and descendants of the ancient Huns, jostle each other along ,that Asiatic insistent from inland regions like Golo, that Chinese are suggesting buying up loads ot books to take in as an article of barter.

'North-West Passage,'· 'the Great Road,' a trade routt'( of centuries. I".PAN-CHOSEN " reaching from China to eastecli ..Eu- K~a:oiori·. Prayer Ans-lliered rope. It is a call, not to luxurious' AMONG the m~ny,~tories of earth- life in a flowery land of easy journeys . quake expenenmis the one ·told and 'all the comforts of civiliz~tion,' by Paul Kanamori~ Wli evangelist, is but a call to the courageous Christian unique. He says in the Japan News .youth of our homelands to endure Letter:" I was preaehing in Okayama hardness as good soldiers of Christ the day before the earthquake. After Jesus, crusading and preaching under the meeting, I prayed. I prayed as the banner of the Cross where it has I always do, that my children may be rarely been planted before. It is a safe from earthquake, fue, robbers, call, too, of victory, telling of the most and pestilence. I believe in praying cheering conquests already achieved concretely, for just what I want, not there by little bands standing stead- merely 'God bless my children. '

fast in the name of Christ, against Then I went to sleep in peace." He· odds and difficulties. It is a call to went on to tell how the news of the

disaster came the next morning, and in which it has eooperated in a. score of how he went to Tokyo at once with ways in promoting Dr. Teusler's plans. some supplies. He found both his family and his home uninjured, and After a visit to St. Luke's on March he said: "Such a surge of thankful- 10th Prince Tokugawa sent a conness came over me and then a surge tribution of $12,500 on behalf of the of shame. I had prayed, but still I Emergency Relief Society. had come to find my children because I doubted that God had taken care of -Spirit of Missions. them. Here 1 had found them unhurt, and my home not damaged at A Japanese Girl's Hea.rt all. Fire had laid waste the surrounding houses, but my house was A lliuclcclI·year·old Japanese girl, untouched. Robbers had looted freely now a student in the Bible Wombut had passed over my house. Sick- en's Training School in Tokyo, has ness had come to others, but my chil- given this charming account of her dren were happy and well." inner life, which is quoted in World Call: "1 like to look at the sky, so A Grea.t Christian Hospital that I have taken great interest in heavenly bodies. I have been told SINCE Dr. R. B. Teusler went out many stories about the stars, the moon to Japan in 1900, St. Luke's In- and the sun. I also like to watch the ternational Hospital in Tokyo has clouds which move in the blue or the had a record of steady growth and in- ashy-gray sky. 1 have been sensible creasing service. Since the earth- always to the mystery in them. I also quake it has done its work :first in love flowers, mountains, pictures, mutents and now in what is known as sic, writings, reading, church, family "the shack hospital," but the con- and friends. 1 dislike to embarrass struction is now under way of the others or to hate. These doings seem large and thoroughly equipped struc- too cruel. I am a Christian. 1 was ture which, had it not been for the baptized on September 30,1917. That earthquake, would have been nearly night a terrible storm arose, with completed by this time. Some of the flashes of lightning. Oh! It was characteristics of the hospital which terrible! But there was somehow led Baron Goto to say of it, "St. serenity in my heart. I have attended Luke's is in a class by itself," are Sunday-school since I was about five these: or six years of age. I give glory to God in the highest. I wish 1 may be It has stood for many years as the only a good servant of God. This is my hospital in Tokyo, and indeed in all of hope. I want to become a Bible womcentral and northern Japan, where Eu' an. I am a woman of insignificant ropeans and AmeriCans, ·as well as Japanese, character but 1 will try to do my best. could be properly cared for. It is the only 1 will try to make my life the strenuhospital in 'l'okyo that has gone beyond the ous life. 1 wish to live a real honest point of a ~ace where diselUle is treated, life. " and has entered broadly upon the study of preventive medicine; it has established a From Sak~ to CondeDBed Milk modern training sehoolfor nurses, which has never before been done in Japan, and A large condensed milk business has is annually sending to various parts of the been carried on for a number of Empire hundreds of young women equipped years by a prosperous Japanese Chriswith the special training necessary for the tian, who before his conversion was proper treatment of the sick. It is the only a manufacturer of sake. American hospital in Tokyo that is condueting post· condensed milk was just being intrograduate work for physicians along modern duced into Japan in the '80s, when lines. The most noted physicians and sur· Mr. Hanajima joined the church, and geons of Japan are glad to serve in a con· since previously, he said, he had suiting capacity in the work of St. Luke's, manufactured a product which inas the Japanese Government likewise has jured men's bodies, so now it would given practical demonstrations of the value it attaches to the institution by the manner

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

be fitting for him, as a Christian, to butcher's son, who is now carrying on manufacture an article that would a hospital among Koreans in Manbuild up and give strength to men's churia. The gift recalled not only bodies. Since the beginning of the his own interesting story, but also the prohibition regime in the United difference between the conditions States, many stories have appeared of when he entered the college and those the changed purposes for which former today. It had but one teacher in 1908, brewery properties are now being it has now a staff of fifteen Westernused, but nowhere has the transforma- ers, several Japanese, and fifteen tion been more complete than in Mr. graduate Koreans besides many Ko- Hanajima's establislnnent. He gave rean lay-assistants and a group of up a part of the :first floor of his main over sixty medical students. The infactory building for a meeting place stitution, now a union medical colfor the church people, and the rest lege, hospital and nurses' training of the :first floor and the second story school, in which six missions join, has of the building for a girls' school. graduated 118 doctors and 54 nurses. From the staves of the huge vats in The Medical College now has a charwhich sake was brewed church pews ter from the Government which has were made and from the hardwood just given its graduates the right to crushing machinery a pulpit was receive license to practice without made-still to be seen in the Mishima State Examination, on presentation of Church. their diplomas, a recognition never before granted to a private medical Korean Presbyterian Growth college in the Empire of Japan.

T HE minutes of the last general as- ISLANDS OF THE SEA sembly of the Presbyterian Church of Korea-a body including the work Pacific Conference in Hawaii of the American, Canadian and Australian Presbyterian missions – show REPRESENTATIVES from China, that there are now 2,097 church build- Japan, and the United States who ings, all but twelve or fifteen of them attended the world conference of built· by Koreans; 4,423 meeting Y. M. C. A. workers among boys held places of every kind; 209 new at Portshach, Austria, in May, 1923, churches built last year; 234 ordained voted at that time in favor of holding pastors in active service; 1,372 elders; in Honolulu a conference of laymen 18,3 ordained deacons; 559 paid Ull- and Association employed officers, "to ordained men workers and 273 paid consider the problems of the Pacific women workers; 10,565 persons bap- from a Christian standpoint. " Plans tized last year; 13,485 catechumens for this conference, to be held July enrolled; a total of 193,850 church ad- 1-15, 1925, have beeTh approved by the herents, 161,299 children and adults Y. M. C. A. National Committees of in 2,402 Sunday-schools. Last year's all Pacific countries and are being giving totalled almost a million yen. promoted in New York by a committee The vigor of the church is said to be including Dr. G. A. Johnston Ross, in large measure due to the fact that Mr. James M. Speers, Fletcher Brock- 27,072 men and 45,182 women en- man, Mr. Galen Fisher and Jay A. rolled in Bible classes lasting from Urice. Suggested problems to be disfour days to one month in length.- cussed include the following: Christian Century. (1) Wbat can Christian men about the Severance Medical School Pacific do to help maintain permanent peace on the Pacific' T HE :first contribution from the alumni of the Severance Medical (2) How can Christian men abont the School in Seoul, Korea, was from a Pacific roster a better understanding in each member of the first class, Pak, once a country of the aims and motives of the other countries'

(3) How Christianize race contacts and avoid possible race confiicts about the Pacific'

(4) How can men of various nations in the aggregate having been atabout the Pacinc cooperate to make the tributed ehiefly to the lossCI! suffered spirit of Jesus obtain in commerce and in' by Germany. The pre-war wealth of the British Empire, including Great dustry' Britain, the Dominions, India and the (5) How can the Christian leaders in Crown Colonies, 'was approximately $140,000,000,000 and today th~ total these cDuntries enlist the spiritual resources is around $149,000,000,000. The of the Pacitic lands in behalf of solution of wealth of France before the war was a shade under $60,000,000,000 and is Pacific problems' estimated to be "practically the same (6) How can these countries cooperate in today. The pre-war wealth of the United States was $200,000,000,000 the exchange and development of leader· and today is $230,000,000,000.

ship' (7) How can the interchange Df students be safeguarded and made tD contribute to the highest life of each country'

GENERAL Another Golden Rule Sunday THE success of the observance of WORLD ACQUAINTANOE TOURS "Golden Rule Sunday" last year for the' benefit of the Near East or- A few ,ears ago, world tours by Christian phans and destitute haB led to the laymen VIsiting mission fields of the Orient proposal to observe Sunday, Decem- had a tremendous infiuenee on the attitude of business men toward missions, and reo ber 7th, in a similar way this year. oolted in many large gifts to missionary .At a recent luncheon in New York, work in the }'ar East. Similar tours are Dr. John R. Mott gave his impressioll9 now being planned by women for women. (But husbands, sons and brothers may be of the efficiency and importance of included.) Near East Relief work and its relation to the establishment of peace, truth, Miss Harriet Taylor, for many years eOn· neeted with the YDung Women's Christian righteousness and brotherly love on Association, Mrs. J. W. Emrich, well·known the earth. Now is the time to build in conneetion with the Near East Relief, and character and ideals for the future. Miss E'lla Sehooley, formerly Executive of Plan to make Golden Rule Sunday the Finance Division of the National Y. W. C. A., are pla.nning tD lead two pal-ties to universally observed. EDITOR. the Near East and the Holy Land and to The Wealth of Natiol18 the Orient during the coming year. The cost of the former tour will be $2,000 and TIlE per capita wealth of France the latter. $2,700. and Great Britain has shown little change as the result of the World These tours will be of special interest to War, according to a study made by the research bureau of the Bankers Trust those interested in Christian' missionary ac· Company, recently completed, and quoted by the United P1'esby}erian. tivities. Not only will the arrangements for The wealth of the United States, however, has greatly increased and the the tours be first·class, but instruetive lec· per capita wealth of the United States today is $2,090 against the per capita tures will be given en route and !,rrange· w.ealth of Great Britain $1,489 and France $1,484. Taking the twenty ments . are being made to secure the odd nations that engaged in the World War, the compilation finds cooperation of missionary l~a:ders in each that the aggregate pre-war wealth was $630,000,000,000. The present wealth of the tields visited. The Federation of of these same nations is now estimated to be about $319,000,000,000, the loss Women's Boards of Foreigu,Missions, the Missionary Education Movement,. i!-Pdl.o~her sim~ar organizations are coop!ri1itipg – in makmg these arrangements. . C The Meditf.rranean Tour is limited to twenty and will occupy about two months and a half. The party, leaves New York September 27th and is 1.0 return before Christmas. The Oriental Tour is to occupy three months and OJ, half and will leave October 9th, returning about f'e.bruary 1st.

They will visit Japalll Korea., China, Philip- pine Islands and Hawaii. Further informa· tion can be had by addressing World Ac- quaintance Tours, 416 West 122d 'Street, New York CHy.

BOOKS ON THE RACE The AmericRn Race Problem. Alfred H

PROBLEM Stone. $2.00. Doubleday, Page & Co. New York. 19G8. Christianity and the Race Problem. J. H. Oldham. 8vo. 265 pp. 7s 6d. Student Race Problems in the New Africa. 158. Christian Movement. London. 1924. Clarendon Press. Oxford, England. 1923.

From a sane, Christian point of The Clash of Color. Basil Mathews. A view, Mr. Oldham, Secretary of the study in the problem of race. $1.50. International Missionary Council, Missionary Education Movement. New York. 1924-.

thoughtfully discusses the present The Mind of Primitive Man. Franz Boas. problcm, its causes, its relation to im- $2.00. Macmillan Co. New York. 1913.

migration, marriage, politics and in- A elear presentation of some probdustry. He suggests practical steps lems of race development.

for the solution of the problem, The Negro Problem. Compiled by Julia E. especially as it affects the British Em- .Johnsen. $2.25. H. W. Wilson and Co. pire. This study emphasizes spiritual New York. 1921.

elements and Christian principles. A brief, just and kindly series of Race and Race ;Relations. Robert E. Speer. articles presenting aspects of the To 00 published in the autumn by Flem· Negro problem in America. ing lL Revell Co. The Jews. llillaire Belloe. $3.00. Hough. This is an expanded consideration ton, Mifflin Co" Boston. 1922. of the subject, presented in Dr. Speer's Mission Study Textbook" Of The Japane~e Problem in the United One Blood," and includes much val- States. H. A. Millis. $2.25. Macmillan Co. New York. 1908.

uable material nowhere else available. Land of All Nations. Margaret R. Seebach. 12mo. 154 pp. 50 and 'i 5 eents. Council The Racial History of Mankind. Ronald B. of Women for Harne Missions and Mi&- Dixon. $6.00. Charles Scribner's Sons. sionary Education Movement. New York. New York. 1923. 1924.

Mankind at the Cross Roads. Edward M. In this series of popular biograph- East. $3.50. Oharles Scribner '8 Sons. ical sketches, we have interesting New York. 1923.

Race Prejudice. .Tean Friot. Translated by studies of Americans of different Florence Wade-Evans. $3.00. E. P. races-a Negro, an Italian, a Chinese, Dntton. New York. 1907. a Japanese, a Syrian, a Greek, a Mex- A very clear and thoughtful study ican, and a Jew-in relation to the of race determination, deprecating white race in the western hemisphere.

racial discrimination. The sketehes make good reading for The Trend of the Races. George E. Haynes. the family or for mission eircl13s. 75 cents. Missionary Edueation Move- ment. New York. 1922. Adventures in Brotherhood. Dorothy Giles. 12mo. 184 pp. 50 and 75 cents. Council .A fair-minded study from an Amer- of Women for Home Missions and the ican Negro point of view. Missionary Edncation Movement. New York. 1924. Mankind and the Church. By Seven Bishops. Edited by H. H. Montgomery. 'I'his junior mission study book on $2.75. Longmans, Green Co. New York. the race problem very skilfully under- 1909. takes to give an insight into the lives and minds of men and women of other The Rising Tide of Color. Lothrop Stod- races as they arrive in America, as dard. $3.00. Charles Scribner's Sons. they establish homes, seek employ- New York. 1920.

A popular argument for white su- ment, go to school, come into contact premacy which presents the dangers with the churches and with Christ; arising from racial antagonism. the Saviour of all races.

577

BoJshevist Persecution of Christianity. oJ?-e cann?t f al'1 to see the irreligious Captain Francis McCullagh, author of " A biaS of Judges, prosecuting counsel, PrIsoner ()f the Reds." Price, 188 net. and spectators. Baptist churches had John Murray, London.

Those who are interested in Chris- all to make the acknowledgment that tian work in Russia will wish to read the church premisefl belonged to the this bOIlk. Captain McCullagh is able Government, as the condition of obto speak with the authority of per- taining the use of the buildings. The sonal knowledge from the inside. His, Catholics appealed to the Pope for book on "Bolshevist Persecution of permission to sign the acknowledg- Christianity" is divided into three ment. Permission was tardily granted parts. The first deals specifically with just before the trial, and perhaps "The Attack on the Russian Church." sllould have averted it. They refused Details are given of the trials of to obey the decree which prohibited various persons charged with refus- the teaching of religion to persons ing to give up the property of the under eighteen years of age. Church to meet the needs of the Government. He thus summarizes the Thirteen defendants were sentenced to periods of imprisonment ranging facts: "In the prosecutions instituted in connection with the disturbances from three to ten years' duration. that arose on the occasion of the con- Archbishop Cieplak was sentenced to fiscation of Church property, persons death, which, after the outcry made of secondary importance were first against it in this and O1her countries prosecuted, and then those who were was commuted to imprisonment· but regarded as the ringleaders." Next according to most recent inforrdation fifty-four persons, including seven he is dying. Monsignor Budkiewicz was senteneed to death, and was sub- archdeacons and several priests and sequently shot. deacons, were brought before the The third part of Captain McCulcourts. Afterwards came the trial o:fl· lagh's volume is entitled" The Present Bishops "Nikander and Ilarion the Position of the Christian Churches in members 0f the Supreme Church'AR d- .ussl.a. " I.I~e says: "Both the Bapministration, and the most eminent hst.s aJ?-d the .Methodists are very representatives of the Moscow priest- actIve III RUSSIa, and especially in hood. 'l'he trial of the Patriarch was Petrograd; but the principal Protesto come last of all." … " The result of tant leader is a Pastor Fetler, an the trial was that eicrht priests and Evangelical." three deacons were '"condemRed to Captain .McCullagh makes then an death." Six of the death sentences were afterwards commuted. unfortunate slip when he speaks of "Pastor Prokhanoff" as Pastor Fet- The account is given of the in- ler's" representa:tive in Petrograd."

trigues which led to the formation of Mr. Pro.khanoff IS the leader of the the so-called "Living Church,"an in- ~vang:lIcal Christians in Russia, but stitution which does not seem to de- IS not III any sense a. representati~e of serve the epithet "Living" in any pastor Fetler.-(Fnend of Russ1a.) spiritual sense. ' The . Kingdom of God. By Francis Asa WIght, D.D. 8vo. 256 pp. Fleming H. The second part of the book is Revel! Company. New York. 1923.

largely devoted to It description of the This book is frankly premillenarian in its teaching but is not open to the celebrated trial of the Roman Catholic criticism of being pessimistic concern- ing the day in which we live. The Archbishop Cieplak, with fourteen author takes a broad world-view of progress and holds that present world priests and one layman, on the charge movements are preparatory to the coming of the King. He makes a careof "resisting the execution of the law ful Biblical survey of the Theocra~y on the use of the churches, and of the decree on the confiscation of Church valuables. " Captain McCullagh was present throughout this notable trial, which lasted five days. In reading and Kingdom of the Jews and his ough analysis of those traits of charargument is intended to show that the acter which made Paul, next to Christ, Kingdom of God began at Pentecost. the outstanding figure of the first cen- He teaches that this Kingdom will be tury. succeeded by the Kingdom of Glory or the Millennium. This final King- Twenty-one of Dr. Jefferson's twendom is uot to be brought about by the ty-six chapters on Paul are devoted activities of the Church but its growth to such sub-topics as "His Sincerity," will be continuous until: "this Gospel "His Sanity," "His Weakness, " of the Kingdom is preached in all the "His Strength," "His Pride," "His world for a witness." He holds that ilumility, " etc., etc. Each of these the Lord will then come and set up chapters is like a flashlight photothe Kingdom of Glory. The develop- graph of Paul as seen through the ment of Kingdom ideals, and success appreciative eyes of one who has abrather than failure, characterizes Dr. sorbed the very spirit of the apostle by Wight's viewpoint of the present dis- daily sympathetic study of his letters. pensation. This makes it a missionary Critical problems do not enter into book and its teaching is constructive the study, and they need not. We on all lines of Christian activity. know enough of Paul with absolute certainty to justify IL portrait such as The book is up-to-date in that it is tbis, and we owe it to ourselves to written in the light of events con- confront it, for doubtless "his name nected with the recent war. In the is above every name except the name discussion of' the standpoint of the of Jesus," and "no one of us is what Apostle John and also in the sum- he would have been if Paul had not mary, there is a little tendency to- lived. " wards time setting. No day or year is mentioned but a definite attempt is Dr. Jefferson is Pauline in his pasmade to create the impression that the sion to interpret Christianity to his prophecies are all to be fulfilled with- contemporaries. The Christianity he in the next few years. His interpre- proclaims is not an emasculated gostation of Scripture and his reasoning pel, a mere enthusiasm for humanity. along these lines is interesting but He knows, none better, that it requires many will hesitate to take his position. more than a Moonlight Sonata to save Upon the whole the book is well worth a sinful soul, and more than a belief careful reading and Dr. Wight's in "man's moral supremacy" to viewpoint concerning the progress of steady the world in tbis trying age events as preparing the way for the of reexamination and readjustment. Second Coming of Christ is worthy To Dr. Jefferson Christ is at. once the of careful consideration. M. T. S. soul's most pressing problem and the only solution of it, religion's highest The Charaoter of Paul. Charlcs E. Jefferson. symbol and intensest reality. 12mo. 381 pp. $2.25. The Macmillan Co. New York. 1923. c. c. A.

Three striking studies of Paul have Ignatius Loyola: An Attempt at an Imappeared in recent years, "The Life partial lliography. By Henry Dwight of Paul" by Benjamin W. Robinson, Sedgwick. xiii, 399 pp. New York: The "Epochs in the Life of Paul" by A. Macmillan Company. $3. 1923. T. Robertson, and this study by Dr. Jefferson, pastor of Broadway Taber- Though there are said to be more nacle, New York. Each of these is of than two hundred biographies of this value, though they differ in many distinguished Romanist, the foregoways. Dr. Jefferson's volume is a ing is only the second one of any imbook of excellent sermons that have portance written in English. Many not been preached. Dr. Robinson translations of lives of Loyola are in gives little of the historic background the spirit of a French author of the of Paul 's.life, but he does give a thor- eighteenth century who wrote of the Jesuits in general: "This Society has a plan, framed at its very birth, to do away entirely with the teachings twenty-five years ago in a Spanish of Jesus'" Christ, to destroy His" reli- volume as "The Jesuits-their mode gion, and overturn crowns and king- of life, their habits,adulteries, assas- doms, in order to build up on their sinat.ions, regicides; poisonings, and ruins an absolute despotism." The other peccadillos committed by that present author does not belong to that celebrated Society." He is an apolo- school of misrepresentation. Instead, gete of the historical type who makes he has been at pains to examine care- history' and contemporaneous docu- fully a large mass of material bearing ments supply the facts and wipe out upon Loyola, contained in fifty im- the stains added by those latter Roman- portant volumes now accessible 10 ists who proscribed the Society: He scholars. From these authoritative shows that other defects due to the documents he has taken his colors and Order itself in later'times were not has placed before us a picture of one according to the views of its founder.

of the great men of the Christian But t,he author's constructive'work Church, set in a background and is even more important from' the frame of contemporaneous history, Christian point of view. "The Char- 'and done as impartially as profound ter" chapter shows us a group of ten admiration for this soldier of Jesus men steeped in prayer and unitedly Christ would permit.. The Protestant desiring to frame this do'cumeilt, with who can forget the implications of the its detailed account of the soul life of word Jesuit and who will read this its members, the plans for education, volume, will be amazed at the strength obedience to the most spiritual lead- of Christian eharaeter and" devotion ers of the time, world-wide evangeliza, to the absorbing purpose of the motto tion and other items of its program, of the Order, "Ad Majorem DC'i solely to enhance the glory of God Glariam," displayed by its famous and magnify it beyond the scope of founder. Students of history know the opening answer of the West- what his Order did for Canadian minster Shorter Cat.echism. The chap- civilization; the history of Christian ter dealing with the rules and coun- Missions has few more striking pages sels for religious practices, Loyola's than the achievements of the Jesuit "Spiritual Exercises," though in fathers in Paraguay and their mar- many ,respects utterly opposed to velous Reductions. Educators know Protestant theory and practice, nev- how eminent. the European Jesuits ertheless enables the reader to under- were for two centuries; while we in stand how his divine vision was the United States have only to visit imposed upon his disciples. Its pas, their colleges in Boston, Worcester, sage upon "The Two Standards" is and Georgetown to realize that the a key to the early missionllry zeal master mind who planned such an inaugurated by Francis Xavier and educatiOnal work was, a prophet and later displajed by thousands of Jesuit a pedagogue of great. ability. missionaries. Mr. Sedgwick makes This volume gives in great detail those, early men of the Society live the events entering into Loyola's agaiq' as they go forth to "bring all career, from the,~ays of his "youthful couIl.'tries of' the- infidels under " the warring and wounds, convalescence sway of Jesus, from Europe into from which allowed him to read and Asiatic wildernesses, t.h.rough teach- digest Ludolf of Saxony's converting ing, holy Hving ,and heroic dying "Life of Christ," includinir'its 'lurid typified by Parkman's portrait of description of hell, to the last Friday Jean de, Brebeuf of a later period of July, 1556, when soon after sunrise whose horrific death at the hands of he entered into t,he glory of God, made Hurons of La Nouvelle France'out, will "greater" by his ascetic and unceas- does the physical sufferings of Caling labors to promote that end. vary. In a. word this volume be Mr. Sedgwick 'is not an advocate a revelation to readers who have never induced to defend a society pictured' known the whole truth about one of : the greatest, and most devoted servants his time. The sketch of Thomas who of Christ of the Christian Clenturies preceded Carey and who called him to and will also enable them to appraise In(j.ia as he was directing his eyes to the values and defects of his Society the South Pacific Islands, and espe- in a Christian way. H. P. B. cially his discussion of the first Mrs.

William Carey, D. D. Fellow of the Lin· Carey at home and after she had naean Society. By S. Pearce Carey, M. A. mus. xvi, 428 pp. New York: George reacbed India and lived her demented years in the Tropics, do justice to two H. Doran Company. $3.50. 1923. persons whose heroism and devotion For many years the Life of Carey, are little known. by the late Dr. George Smith, was the Throughout Part II, William Carey standard biography of the English is seen in every phase of his broad life, "Father of Modern Missions." Now with emphasis naturally upon his this volume, written by a greatgrand- polyglot labors as Bible translator, in son of the pioneer missionary, will which work he and his immediate. take the place of the earlier record. colleagues are unsurpassed in mission It is the product of years of research history. No author hardly makes and of personal visits to the scenes enough of Carey's contributions to of the missionary '8 life and work, and botanical science to justify its being is embellished by excellent half-tones. mentioned in the title of the volume, The result of the author's patient though some idea of his work in that search through endless literary direction is given in chapter xxxi. The great .values of this biography, sources is rewarding and of fascinating interest. . Dr. Smith gave the aside from our interest in a pathfinder world a picture of Carey the man, the in missions, is its vivid picturing of Baptist Missionary Society's interest- the versatility of occupation, the deing beginnings and of India as in- votion of mind and soul to a great fluenced by Carey. The present life cause, the importance of Bible transhistory is essentially a life, vital and lation and the underlying greatness of forceful on every page. The former. a man who made the spiritUal life and biography left the reader in a hope- the scriptural foundation of Chrisless chronological maze; this one con- tianity the two foci of his symmetrical ducts us step by step through the life. Some missionary volumes are thirty-two years of English life and' hard to read; this volume is a diffimissionary promotion followed by cult one to lay aside after it has once subsequent forty years of service for been tasted. H. P. B.

the Kingdom of God and the uplift Indische l'41ssionsgeschichte. .Julius Rich· of India. t~r. Second Ed:ition. 557 pp. C. Bertels- About one-third of the volume is mann, Guetersloh, Germany. 1924.

given to Carey in the making and as Dr. Julius Richter published the the cobbler laboriously reared the So- first -edition of this History of Missions ciety which furthered his work and in India in 1906 as an illustrated unconsciously influenced other mis- volume of 445 pages. He was then a sionary societies to come into being- pastor in Germany and is now profes- Carey's contribution to the history of sor of Missions at Berlin University.

missions, often forgotten. The au- The second edition of this book con- thor's treatment of the epoch-making tains no illustrations and has been en- pamphlet, "The Enquiry," and his larged by adding 190 pages to the chapter entitled "The Deathless Ser- third chapter in order to bring the mon, " with its two undying exhorta- history up to date. While it is evi- tions, "Expect great things from God. dent that the author's point of view Attempt great things for God," are is that of a German teacher, his in- windows into the inner life of a great vestigations have been thorough as far and lonely seer as he looked out into as he has gone, and his work is that the almost unknown harvest fields of of one whose heart and mind are in accord with the high and holy purpose sores in our body politic. It can only of Christians in every hand to whom be done by the touch and power of the missionary command of Christ J eSllS Christ.

involves a mandate from the Most High God, the Father in Heaven. Christian Stewardship. By Rev. B. T. Kemerer. Pamphlet. National Council. Those parts of the book which deal New York. 1923.

with descriptions of conditions and The Protestant Episcopal Church has put out these helpful studies to with discussions of policies are espe- explain the meaning and importance of stewardship and to suggest startcially good. G. D. ing points for the practice of the stewardship of life, including time, India Pie. By Several Authors. 56 pp. talents and money. The studies have Illus. 1.8. Church Missionary Soeiety. a Christian basis and are illustrated J..oudon. 1923. with facts and incidents.

An attractively printed and well illustrated book, with a judicious usc of red ink, which will make the life of children in various parts of India more real and interesting to children One Hundred Best Sermons for Special Days in the home lands. and Occasions. Compiled by Rev. G. B.

The Great Seal of the Gospel. Edited by F. Halloek, D.D. 8vo. 552 pp. $2.50 Alex. Marshall. 12mo. Pickering & In· net. George H. Doran Co. New York. 1923. glis. Glasgow.

By true .stories and significant facts, A difference of taste in sermons is various writers testify to the reality a great strain on friendly relations.

and power of the Gospel in all lands No doubt, these are not the "best"

and many walks of life. They form sermons preached on special occasions, good illustrative matyrial for evan- such as New Year, Missions, patriotic gelistic services. holidays, special Sundays of the calen- Christianity and Economic Problems. By dar, Mothers' Day, Rally Day, Elec- Kirby Page and others. 12mo. 120 pp. tion Day, etc. But, they are good 5Oc. Association Press. New York. 1923. sermons, interesting, and, for the most part, particularly helpful and are Of the reality and importance of present-day economic problems there supplemented with sermonic illustracan be no doubt. Probably no tions. Most of them are from modern Christian will deny that Christian preachers such as Jowett, Albertson, principles should be applied to their Cadman, Conwell, Kelman, Van Dyke, solution. Tbe difference of opinion etc. Manv famous names are omitted comes in answer to the question-How' -such as" Spurgeon, Chalmers, Mac- Some believe a knowledge of the facts and an urging of men and women to IJaren, Quayle and therefore the colstrive for the ideal are the most im- lection is less satisfactory. The volume portant factors. Others believe that may be helpful in its suggestions if only a full surrender of the indi- not used as crutches for weak, lame or lazy preachers.

vidual to Jesus Christ will bring The Xachins, ,!,heir Customs and Traditions. either the desire or the power to cor- Ry Rev. O. Hanson. IlluB. Bvo. 225 pp.

rect the wrongs of the world-social, 58. Ameri.an Baptist Mission Press.

national and individual. This is a Rangoon, Burma. 1913.

series of studies, of facts and of This informing story of the Kachins Christian principles concerning pov- of Northern Burma was published ten erty, luxury, work, competition, profit, years ago hut is still the most au- and the general relation of labor to thoritative work on this interesting capital and to the government. It people. Thl'y probably came from lacks the final authoritative note of a the tableland of Central Asia; they Bible study although it has many now live under a patriarchal form of Bible quotations. God's blessing will government; they have traditions of rest on any who heal these grievous creation, a great flood, of the Tree of Life and a lost Book. They have this excellent textbook, not a page of strong faith in the invisible powers and evil spirits, in divination and which is dull or without value. magic. They are gradually changing in their beliefs and customs under the His opening chapters upon the Old infiuence of Christianity and of modern civilization. It seems strange China and the New Order are descrip. that very little is said in the volume about Christian missionary work and tive, the first too brief, the second its results, although work has been carried on among the Kachins by comprehensive but excellent, especial- American Baptists for a number of years. ly in the section upon "Social Changes. ' , These constitute the pres- Francois Coillard. By Edward Shillito. Map and portrait. 8vo. 235 pp. $1.50 entation of China's Need; the re- net. George H. Doran Co. New York. 1923. mainder is Christianity's contribution to meet these varied needs. In three Not enough is known of this remarkable French Protestant mission- chapters the author gives in a very ary and his work from 1857 to 1904 in Basutoland and on the Zambezi vivid way a picture of what the evan- River. He caine of French Huguenot stock, was early left an orphan and in gelist, the teacher and the medical poverty, was apprenticed to a gardener but used his spare time in read- missionary are doing for China. We ing and study. He was converted at seventeen and two years later began to do not recall seeing in any volume prepare for the mission field. He went to Africa in 1857 and four years so concise and attractive a presentalater married Christiana Mackintosh, a Scotch lass who made him a remark- tion of these themes as we find here able wife and coworker. The story of their loving, romantic, adventurous in 71 pages. and fruitful life among primitive blacks is sympathetically and charm- "The Home of All Good Men" is a ingly told with the help of many extracts from diary and letters and from mystic title for the last chapter. This the biography written by Miss C. W. ~Iackintosh. Many interesting facts means the Chinese Church, the true and incidents are told concerning Khama, the land and people, mission- home of all good Chinese, some of aries and natives, Lewanika, Livingstone, Moffat and others. The story them of the highest grade, as page 143 enlarges our horizon and our hearts. lists most strikingly some of them. In China Now: China's Need and the Chris· tian Contribution. By J. C. Keyte, M.A. Wp.at a fine passage to follow up with Illus., map, 160 pp. New York: George H. Doran Company. $1.50. 1923. an appeal to young Christians of Brit- The author began his career in 1904 ain and America, as Mr. Keyte so as an English Baptist missionary in the ancient western capital of Hsi An skillfully did! Then come the closing Fu. Now, as minister of the Peking Union Church, he supplies mission pages in which he speaks plain but study classes of Great Britain with forceful words about the great de- sideratum of a reunion of the church· es of Jesus Christ. H. P. B.

When the East is in the West. Maude Madden. 153 pp. $1.25. Fleming H. Revell. New York. 1923.

Was it Coleridge who said "No, I do not want to meet that man for if I did I might like him?" It is always dangerous to know people really well for most people improve upon ac- quaintance. People we do not know are nearly always more or less sus- pected and feared and this is more especially so if this distance from us is accentuated by race and more es- pecially color. To a child the first black man is a source of terror and when Livingstone would walk into an African kraal where no white man had ever been, they fell on their faces in fear and would not be appeased until they felt his hands and face and saw him eat and knew that he was a man as they were. Most hatreds and prejudices grow out of ignorance and life and work. It begins with the in- misunderstandings. quiry-Was Christ born of the Virgin Just now the Yellow Race is being Mary f Other typical questions are: held up as a menace. If you are de- Did Christ work miracles 1 Was termined to hate the Japanese, then Christ the Son of God? Did Christ do not know him. If you are deter- die for our sins Y etc. The treatment mined not to get this friendly touch, is of a popular order but satisfying in do not read "When the East is in the its clear, concise presentation of facts West" by Maude Madden. Here is a which go to show the essential reason- human document. The author does ableness of the orthodox claims and not try to argue the case through and the immeasurably greater difficulties it is not a document which could be in the way of accepting prevailing placed in the hands of the Congres- popular theories. The argument gains sional Committee on Immigration for much in force because of the author's to them human sentiment and human moderation and self·restraint in pre– feelings are ntled out as "incompe- senting his case and because he holds tent, irrelevant and immaterial;' as strictly to the main issues. The style the lawyers say, even: if they are to be is marked freshness of treatment and admitted as possible behind ;f yellow discriminating use of vivid illustra- skin. They know that the tables in tion.

.rtheir hands say there are so many The book will prove of especial apanese here, they own so much land, value to young students of the Bible they rent so·much more, they raise so who are perplexed because of the ismany cantaloupe and strawberries and sues which have been raised in the compete with so many "Nordics." present theological controversy. It Always you must talk of a race and will also prove helpful, reassuring and not of individuals if you will be hard of tonic value to all Christians who of heart. "Get down to cases" and feel the need of a firmer footing for you are lost just as Lothrop Stoddard faith in the great underlying truths would have been and he would not of Christianity. have written one of the most inhuman H. R. Y.

and pernicious bookEI of the last The Frontier Spirit in American Chris. decade "The Rising Tide of Color." tlanity. Peter G. Mode, A.M., Ph. D., Associate·Professor of Church History, Miss Madden "gets down to cases" University of Ohieago. 196 pages. The -real humans, women with little Ma.enUllan Co., New York, 1923. children, fathers with families and fathers' hopes, ignorant immigrants, ig- The author's thesis, for which he norant of American ways and bewil- claims no originality, is that in the dered; lost ones who have turned United States the forms adopted by aside from the path of virtue (not the Christian religion have been largeexclusively a Japanese characteristiu) ly moulded by the existence of a fronand then those who have been touched tier region toward which and into by the hand of Jesus and led back. which it has taken its westward way. And above all (at least to these one- He shows this historically in connechundred-per-cent-Americans it will tion with revivalism, the establishseem above all) these who have come ment of small colleges, the cleavage and yearn for Americanization and into numerous sects, their rivalry and long to be taken into the great and cooperation, the tendency to centralfearfully diverse Al!lerican family. ization, the enlargement of the mis- sionary horizon and the increasing at- G. L. c. tention to what have been called "the Twelve Great Questions about Christ. Clar- by-products" of the Christian faith. ence E. Macartney. 12mo. 221 pp. $1.50. His last chapter is entitled "The Fleming H. Revell. New York. 1923. Challenge of the Heroic." The spirit This striking and timely apologetic of the book is eminently fair. Noth- deals with twelve aspects of Christ's ing of a- controversial nature is intro-

No one can read this book NEW

without a deepening sense of the power of the spirit of Jesus Christ to African Life. W. H. Overs. 146 pp. $1.00. meet the need of every type of human Edwin S. Gorham. New York. 1924. soul in every age and place. Rausa Phrase Book. Allan C. Parsons. w. G. H. Revised by G. P. Bargery. 117 pp. $2.50. Oxford University Press. New Two Thousand Miles Through ChUe. By York. 1924. Earl Chapin May. 8vo. 462 pp. $3.50. The Century Company, New York. 1924. My Children of the Forest. Andrew F. Hensey. 221 pp. $2.00. George H. Here is a travel book, pure and Doran Co. New York. 1924. simple. For once, the reader escapes all "problems." In racy journalistic Souls, Sounds and Scenes of an Egyptian style, Mr. May tells what he saw and Village. Arthur Y. Steele. 18 2d. Egypt experienced in a trip from the nitrate General Mission. London. region of the North to the charming lake region of the South of Chile. Open Door Policy. En Tsung Yen. 191 pp. One who has visited this country will $2.00. Stratford Co. Boston. 1923. meet delightful old friends, while others will be introduced to many at- Layman's Confession of Faith. P. Whit- tractive Chilenos and Chilean scenes. well Wilson. 208 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. The chapter on President Alessandri Revell Co. New York. 1924. tells something of the prohibition and social principles of this admirable New Invasion of Belgium. Philip E. character. Chile resembles California Howard. 208 pp. $2.00. Sunday School in scenery, fruits and flowers. The Times Co. Philadelphia. 1924. climate and isolation, the author says, have helped to give Chile national Romance of Home Missions. S. L. Morris. ideals similar to those of North Amer- 250 pp. Presbyterian Committee of Pnbli· ica. ,. Chileans resemble Texans in cation. Richmond, Va. 1924. temperament, they are fascinating, delightful. But first, last and all the Home, the Saviour of Civilization. .T. E. time they are Chileans." s. G. I. McCulloch. 632 pp. $3.00. Soutbern Co· operative Lea.gue. Woodward Building, A New Home Mission Magazine. Wa.sbington. 1924.

The American Missionary has ap- The Bible or the Church. Robert Anderson. peared in new dress and enlarged size 260 pp. 38 6d. Piekering & Inglis. as the official organ of the Congrega- Glasgow. 1924. tional Missionary Societies for the Home Mission Fields of America. Character and Happiness. Alvin E. Ma- Under the able editorship of Dr. S. L. gary. 214 pp. $1.50. Charles Scribner's Loomis, it is published under the Sons. New York. 1924. auspices of the American Missionary Association, the Home Missionary So- Handfuls on Purpose (Series V). .Tames ciety, the Education Society, Church Smith. 302 pp. 4 s. Piekering & Inglis. . Building Society, Sunday-school Ex- Glasgow. tension Society and Board of Minis- terial Relief-all of the Congrega- Informing Your Public. Irving Squire and tional Church. Kirtland Wilson. 168 pp. $1.50. As- sociation Press. New York. 1924. The magazine is attractive and in- forming, there being contributed ar- In Troublous Times (Sequel to Lacked Ye ticles of general interest and each Anything). George Swan. 94 pp. 2 s. society being responsible for a section Egypt General Mission. London. of the magazine. The regular price is seventy-five cents a year or fifty Pharisees. R. Travers Herford. 239 pp. cents in clubs of five or more, and $2.00. Macmillan Co. New York. 1924. twenty-five cents in clubs of one hun- dred. 289 Fourth Avenue, New York Religious Certitude in an Age of Science. City. Cha.rles A. Dinsmore. 102 pp. $1.50. University of North Carolina Press. Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 1924.

Unique Historical Value of the Book of Jonah. W. C. Stevens. 88 pp. $1.00. Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. 1924.

Islam at the Cross Roads. A Brief Survey of the Present Position and~roblems of the World of Islam. De Lacy 0 'Leary. 218 pp. 68, 6d. Kegan Paul, London. Dutton, New York. 1923.

Christianity and the Religions of the World. Albert Schweitzer. 38, 6d. Allen & Unwin. London. 1923.

A SUMMER IN EGYPT!

. Summer in Egypt? Oh dear no! Vinter? Yes! Of course everybody worships at the shrine of Tut in the city of Luxor during the winter; but what happens the first week of April? Why, everyone leaves; you cannot expect much work during the scorching summer months when the shade temperature stands at anything from 90° to 110° F.

Really! Is That So? Then When Does the NILE MISSION PRESS do most of its literary work? Why, precisely at that period, i. e. during May, June, July, August and SeptemQer. Less visitors, less committees, all this makes for' effi- ciency of literary work. Ask to see our list of over 450 Arabic publil''ltions, 90ro of which have been personally edited (in Arabic) by the Director. T}l ~ following list gives some idea of editorial and authorship work during the hot months. (The dates refer to publishing after the MSS. are ready):- April Scripture Selections for Memorising August Times of the Gentiles (Blackstone)." (Mrs. Shepard). April Sept. The Outcasts' Hope. May Florence Nightingale. May Brands from the Burning. Sept. What God Hath Used (English). .Tune Sir Wm. Willcocks' I Prophets."" June Simpson's Christ-Life. Sept, Stolen Jewels. •July Life of General Feng. August Burder's Village Sermons. Odober Heavenly Light on Daily Life (Trotter). August Foundation Studies. October Selections from the Word of God. * The Gospel in Shilluk Language.* November Essay on Islam.

November My Pilgrimage to Mecca.

December "John's Gospel" (Speer).

December What the Bible Teaches (Torrey).

* Private PubIicatiQns. Deeember Livingstone, the Pathfinder OIathews).

We work in cooperation with the American Christian Literature Society for Mos- lems and are most grateful for their grants in aid. For further information apply to Arthur T. Upson, General Director, ~IT,E MISSION PRESS, CAIRO.

DR. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Plans to visit India this summer, to return to America next autumn, and to visit South Africa in the next year.

YOU can go to theoe fields with him, by proxy, and can help give the Gospel to Moslems by sending your contribution to the work through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems cooperating with the Nile Mission Press and with International Committees on the field to give the Gospel Message through the printed page in Egypt Syria, Russia China Morocco Palestine Persia Java Algiers Turkey India Sumatra Tunis Arabia Malaysia. South Africa THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS William 1. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson, of New York, Vice Presidents Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D., Cairo, Honorary Field Secretary Dr. James L. Barton Dr. Frank Mason North Mrs. William Borden Mrs. William Bancroft Hill Dr. William B. Anderson Miss Anna A. Milligan Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Mr. Fennell P. Turner Mrs. D. L. Pierson Send your contributions to MRS. E. E. OLCOTT, Treasurer, 322 West 75th Street.. New York City.

Apply for information and literature to MRS. JAMES M. MONTGOMERY, Secretary, Box 888, New York City.

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1924

~LUMEXLVII NUMBER

– MAY, 1924 A MISSIONARY VISIT TO SUMATRA AND JAVA SAMUEL M. ZWEMER NEW ITALY AND THE OLD GOSPEL FREDERIC S. GOODMAN OUTSTANDING EVENTS OF THE PAST YEAR FROM THE SECRETARIES' VIEWPOINT LIVING RESULTS OF CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN GALEN M. FISHER BEST METHODS AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS MRS. E. C. CRONK THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE CHURCH MRS. CHARLES K. ROYS 12.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COPY MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY lad and REILYSTS., HARRISBURG, PA. 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK

SAMUEL M

Plans to visit India this summer, to return to America next autumn, and to visit South Africa in the next year.

YOU can go to these fields with him, by proxy, and can help give the Gospel to Moslems by sending your contribution to the work through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems cooperating with the Nile Mission Press and with International Committees on the field to give the Gospel Message through the printed page in Egypt Syria Russia China Morocco Palestine Persia Java Algiers Turkey India Sumatra Tunis Arabia Malaysia South Africa THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS William I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson, of New York, Vice Presidents Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D., Cairo, Honorary Field Secretary Dr. James L. Barton Dr. Frank Mason North Mrs. William Borden Mrs. William Bancroft Hill Dr. William B. Anderson Miss Anna A. Milligan Mr. Fennell P. Turner Mrs. D. L. Pierson Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Send your contributions to MRS. E. E. OLCOTT, Treasurer, 322 West 75th Street, New Yark City.

Apply for information and literature to MRS. JAMES M. MONTGOMERY, Secretary, Box 888, New York City.

————————————————————————- IDEAS FROM THE STUDENT A developing industry and com- merce hasten the day of self-support VOLUNTEER EXIBIT AT within the Church. INDIANAPOLIS '*' ". " Truth and not tradition IS our sanction for religion. Governments may aid the Church by laws that guarantee religious lib- """ erty.

Youth revolts against traditions and *** conventions; questions authorities; tests foundations; demands realities. Government}A trilogy, no one of *$ * Commerce' which can well do You can have race prejudice if you Missions without the other. want it; you can have .Jesus Christ if you want Him; but you cannot have $: '* *' both. Christian teaching moves the mind, " *" the heart and the will of the people to We cannot separate Christian thinking from the demands of world the highest standards. brotherhood. " $ ;; * * 'J< Cooperation between denominations We should see a Christian responsi- gives the largest economy in the exbility in ·every human need. penditure of money and men.

""" * " ;; The central issue in which employ- An indigenous Church demands ers and the Church are concerned is leaders who distinguish between Westthe humanizing of relations between ernism and Christianity. labor and capital. " When a native C" hr"istian literature begins to appear, tben the native Church is really established.

Please mention THE MrSSrDNARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD In writing to advertisers. The Correct Monogramming of Linens POR over 65 years McCutcheon's has specialized in the correct monogramming of household Linens, as it has in every other phase of the Linen craft.

America's Linen Treasure House with its staft ot trained and experienced salespeople is well qualified to aid in the selection of a Linen trousseau or household outfit, and to advise on the finer points of its artistic completion.

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Department No. 20 Fifth Avenue 33d and 34th Streets, New York Your Will Today Is Stronger Than Any Will You Can Prepare For After Death The best of lawyers cannot draw up a document that will carry out your intentions as wen as you can carry them out yourself Now Is the Time to Settle Your Estate as You Wish It "If you want a thing well done. do it yourself."

Let us tell you bow LIFE ANNUITY AGREEMENTS enable you to settle your own estate Write to George M. Fowles, Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fihh Avenue. New York, N. Y•• or W. J. Elliott, Treasurer of the Board ·of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church. I 70 I Arch Street, Philadelphia. Pa.

Please mention TH:E MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE Wl'IRLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. EJilo> CONTENTS FOR MAY, 1924 Page FRONTISPIECE ..•••….. A TYP1CALHOME SOENE AMONG 1fAr,AYS IN SUMA~'RA EDITORIALS •••.•…..•.•…..•••.•…•••..•…………..•……..••….. 333 NATIONAL CHRISTIAN CoUNClLS IN ASIA SOME CAUSES OF UNREST IN CHINA THE TURKISH GOVERNMENT AND RELIGION CHRISTIAN PROGRESS IN BRAZIL SOME QUESTIONS FOR A MAN AT FIF'l'Y . . . . . . . . • • • . . . . . . • . . . . A. A. HYDE 340 A MISSIONARY VISIT TO SUMATRA AND JAVA . . . . . . . . SAMUEL M. ZWEMER 341 Some interesting observations and encouragements received during a vtait to centers of successful work among Ma.lay Moslems. THE NEW ITALY AND THE OLD GOSPEL . . . . . . . • . . . . . FREDERIC S. GOODMAN 350 The romantic history of the Waldensians and thdr Christian testimony in Italy. OUTSTANDING EVENTS OF THE PAST yEAR . . . • • . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . . . • . . . . . 354 SEVENTH DAY ADVENTISTS-REVIVALS IN EUROPE AMERICAN BAPTIST, FOREIGN-!,AY EVANGELISM AMERICAN BAPTIST, HO},{E–REVTVALS IN CUBA SOUTHERN BAPTIST, FOREIGN-PERSECUTION IN R01JMANIA AMERICAN FRIENDS-CHuRCH GROWTH IN JAMAICA CHRISTIAN REFGRMED-PROGRESS IN CHINA CHURCH OF BRETHREN-NEW WORK IN NIGERIA CHURCH OF GOn-RESCUE HOME HI INDIA CHRISTIAN AND MISSIONARY ALLIANCI!l–FOUR NEW LANGUAGE GROUPS REACHED CoNGREGATIONAL–AMERICAN BOARD-DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA METHODIST EPISCOPAL, SoUTH-REVIVAL IN SHANGHAI MORAVIANS-REVIVAL IN NIC'ARAGUA PRESBYTERIAN BOARD, FOREIGN-NEW MISSION IN MESOPOTA~nA PRESBYTERIAN BOARD, HOMI!l–ORGANIZATJON OF BOARD OF NATIONAL MISSIONS PBESBYTERIAN BOARD SoUTH-DOOTRINAL CONTROVERSY PRESBYTERIAN BOARD SoUTH, HOME-GREAT BUILDING ERA PBESBYTERIAN IN CANADA-FORMOSA ANNIVERSARY PROTESTANT Ep]SOOPA~CoNSEORATION OF JAPANESE "BISHOP REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA, FoREIGN-ORGANIZATION OF AROOT ASSEMBL"IC, INDIA REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA, HOME-GROWTH OF COMMUNITY WORK UNITED CHRJSTIAN MISSIONAB.Y SCCIETy–SHELTON MEMORIAL FUND FOB. TIBET UNITED LUTHERAN-FOREIGN MISSIONARY FOB.WARD FUND UNITED LUTHERAN, HOME-REMOVAL TO CIHCAGO UNITED PRESBYTERIAN, FOREIGN-MISSlONARY GIVING UNITED PRESBYTERIAN, HOME-REORGANIZATION LIVING RESULTS OF CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN ……… GALEN M. FISHER 368 Some of the encouraging evidences of the power of Christ to develop .<trong leaders in the political, intellectual and social life of the Japanese.

BEST METHODS AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS •. EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK 374 WOM.AcN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN …………………•………•• 382 THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE CHURCH •…….. BY MRS. GHARLES K. RayS WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN ••…. EDITED BY FLORENOE E. QUINLAN 386 R,ECRUITlNG THE HOME MISSION FORCES NEWS FROM MANY LANDS •……•…•…••••.•…….•…………….•. 389 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY . . . . . . . • • • . . . . . . • . . . . . , .•..•………..•.••.•• 404 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage. 50 cents. Sin~le copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1924, by MISBIONA11Y REVIEW PUBLISHING CoMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY. Inc.

Robert E. Speer, President Wlllam I. Chamberlain, Vlc~-Presldent Delavan L. PlerBon, Secretary Walter McDougal1. Treasurer PublicatIOn office. 3d & ReUy SU.. Harrisburg. Editorial and Bu.lnes" Omce. 156 Fltth Avenue. Pa. 25c a copy $2.50 a year' New York City Entered a8 second-class matter at the Post Omce, Harrlshurg, Pa., under, Act 01 March 3. 1879. PERSONALS DWIGHT H. DAY, for eighteen years Treas- HARTFORD urer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Cburch in the U. S. A., SEMINARY FOUNDATION has res:igned on account of ill-health. Hartford, Conn. """ W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, Pre.iJent REV. CHARLES W_ ABEL, who reached his field in Kwato, New Guinea, early in Jan- Theoioaical Seminary uary, had a remarkable welcome from the De8D. M. W. Jacoba. native Christian population who have come out of cannibalism in the past thirty years. School of Religioul Pedagogy Deaa, E. H. Kaqbt * Kennedy School of Mi..ion. DR. HOWARD SOMERVELL, a distingnislled Dean. E. W. Cap…. membel' of the expedition which last year climbed Mt_ Everest, was so stirred by what Through these associated schools Hartford offers he saw in India that he offered himself to full training for the London Missionary Society and has wen accepted as a medical missionary_ 1. The Christian MiniHry_ " z. Religious Education and Soeial Seruice.

SAM HIGGINBOTTOM, who completed twenty 3. The Foreum Field. years of service in Allahabad, India, N0vember 10, 1923, has been presented with Each school has its independent faculty and its the Kaiser-i-Hind gold medal. own institutional life and together they iorm one interdenominational institution with the unity of a JOHN R. MOTT, LL.D., on his recent visit common aim and spirit. to Greece, was decorated by the Greek Government with the Order of the Holy Saviour, The plan for a group of ei~ht buildinas for the and received various other honors, among Foundation. including dormitories, library, chapel, them being the miming of one street in gymnasium. as well as separate buildings for each Saloniki ",Tohn R. Mott Street," and an- school. is being carried out. The first of these other "Y. M. C. A. Avenne_" buildings, the Tomen'g Dormitory, is now occupied under direction of the Dean of Women, Mr~. Lester McLean, Jr.

DR. ROBERT ~AWS, of Livingstonia, has REV. V. D. DAVID, better known as "Tamil been invested by the Government of South David, " an Indian preacher and anthor Africa as a Companion of the Order of St. who"e ministry in Ceylon and South India Michael and St. George, in recognition of had been greatly blessed, died on Novemwr his fifty years of service in Nyasaland_ 30, 1923.

DR. A. J. ApPASAMY is now English editor * for the Christian' Literature Society for India, Madras, and will provide books for REV. JOHN 1. AR.MSTRONG, editor of the edncated Indians who read English. He is Sunday·school publications of the Southern to prepare a Life of Christ for Indian read- Presbyterian Church, died of pneumonia on ers and is also planning to edit: (1) The March 8, 1924. lIe was Educational Secre· Christian Heritage Series (expounding such tary of the Church from 1913 to 1920 and subjects as The Divinity of our Lord, The rendered very effident service. Meaning of the Cross, etc.); (2) The Bhaktas of the World (popular reprints of EVERYLAND the writings of mystics); (3) Books for the Times (dealing with the pressing so· For Every Boy and Girl cial, economic and other problems); (4) Books for Women (including stories, biog- Good Things for May raphies, nature stndy, domestic economy, training of chil.dren, etc.). Gloria and the Wicked Frog, Estil Grit- chie; The Magic Sandals, Edith Serrell; * The Black Daffodil, Margaret T. Apple- garth; Tam and Meg, Abbie Miller Ogilvie; OBITUARY Everyland Exchange, Katherine Seherer Cronk; Valentine's Day, Lucy W. Peabody; DR. CHARLES L. THOMPSON, for some The Orange Tree Baby, Lucy W. Peabody; years secretary of the Presbyterian Board The Book Shop, Helen Douglas Billings; of Home Missions, and recently president Hymn for America, William Adams Slade. of the Home Missions Council, died in Atlantic' City on April 14th, at eighty-five years of age.

DR CHARLES E. CONWELL, medical mission- $1.50 a year, 25 cents a copy. ary in Mexico since 1906 under the Amer_ iean Baptist Home Mission Society, died Write to Miss Leavis, WEST MEDFORD, recently in Puebla. MASS .

. ''l.8e mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW 07 "HB WORLD In writing to advertise…

A TYPICAL HOME SCENE AMONG MALAYS IN

Mrs-s]o

MW~ VOL. MAY, 1924 NUMBER XLVII FIVE NATIONAL CHRJSTIAX COUNCILS IN ASIA O NE of the hopeful signs of the progress of Christianity in . Asia is the development of native Christian leaders and their taking over of responsibility for aggressive work in each country.' Great strides have been made since the Edinburgh Conference in 1910 and Dr. Mott's conferences in Asia, three years later. At that time Continuation Committees were formed, made up of missionaries and some national Christians. These have now been transformed into National Christian Councils in which the major share of responsibility is upon Christian leaders of each country.

The National Christian Council of China was organized by the National Conference held in Shanghai in May, 1922. This Council is composed of one hundred members, over one-half of them Chinese, and has for its object the unification of evangelical Christian forces in China and the giving of practical expression to Christianity. It is not an ecclesiastical organization to take over functions of church government but exists for inspiration, correlation, promotion and research for the benefit of all branches of the Church. The secretaries are Bishop L. H. Roots of the American Protestant Episcopal Church; Dr. H. T. Hodgkin of the British Society of Friends; Rev. K. T. Chung of St. John's University, and Miss Y. J. Fan, recently a traveling secretary of the Y. W. C. A. Emphasis in all the chief activities is placed on the importance of Chinese leadership.

The Council works through various committees and makes its contacts through publications, including a bi-monthly BulletVn. The committees include those on Retreats and Evangelism, International Relations, Rural Problems, Industrial and Social Relations, etc. The chief emphasis for the first year or two is rightly placed on the need for increased spiritual efficiency. One of the most hopeful signs of promise in this Council is the promotion of "Retreats" in which small groups of from ten to fifteen missionaries and Chinese meet 333

for a few days of prayer and meditation for spiritual vision and a renewal of power from God.

The National Christian Council of India, Burma and Ceylon was organized last year with Rev. W. Paton, formerly of the British Student Christian Movement, and lfi~s Gordon of the United Free Church of Scotland as secretaries. Dr. K. T. Paul has declined to serve as Indian secretary and no one has as yet been found to fill his place. Many new lines of activity are planned, especially in educational work. Conferences are held to unite missionary and Indian Christian workers in purpose, ideals and program, and to study the fields of greatest need and the most effectiv·e methods for carrying on the Christian campaign in India. Plans have been laid for an advance in rural Christian education, in the development of Indian leaders, and in the production of Christian literature. The Council is also studying the relation of the Church to public questions such as opium, strong drink, and public service. Beginning with the present year, the IIa·n,'esf Field (for many years a Wesleyan magazine published at Madras) has become the National Christian Council Review, the official organ of the Council. It will be published at Mysore City, under the editorship of Rev. W. Paton, the secretary.

The National Christian Council of .Japan has likewise now succeeded the Japan Continuation Committee. At the organization meeting, in November of last year, all of the Protestant societies at work in Japan were represented by missionaries, except the Episcopalians, Lutherans, Southern Baptists and Southern Presbyterians. The Rev. William ~'Cling, D.D., of the American Baptist Foreign Mission, and author of the mission study book, "Japan on the Upward Trail," was elected foreign executive secretary. His J"apanese co-worker is to be selected later. The Federation of Ohristian Churches has voted to merge its organization and work into that of the Council. One of the first undertakings of the new body has been to study the reconstruction needed following the earthquake and fire.

Christians in all lands, by whatever name they are called, should be much in prayer for these National Christian Councils in the great nations of Asia. Their influence on the future of Christianity in those lands cannot be estimated but their success in leadership will be determined by their success in following the leadership of the Spirit of God.

SOME CAUSES OF UNRES'l' IN OHINA T HE National Christian Council of China has recently under- taken a study of the chief causes of the present low economic conditions in that land, the prevailing ignorance of the people, and the caUSes of banditry and general unrest. Mr. S. T. Wen (Wen Shih-tsen), a prominent Chinese Christian, Commissioner of Foreign Affairs, says that the prevalence of banditry in many sec-

EDITORIAL COMME.NTS

tions is due to the low economic conditions; that these conditions are due to the political unrest, the disturbance of ancient industrial pursuits by the introduction of modern machinery, and the consequent removal of large numbers from the country to the cities. These conditions seriously affect the Christian Church and Christian home in China. The remedy seems to be the adoption of Christian standards by the Chinese. This will come only as we give them practical education and show them how to apply Christian standards to social, industrial and political life. This is more easily said than done, but it needs to be done. The people' in the rural districts will welcome education and an opportunity to earn an honest living. Mr. Wen says that "within a radius of 100 Ii around Paotseku (one of the bandit centers), there is not one school, and less than twenty per cent of the people can read and write." He preached to the bandits and found that not one of them believed killing and robbery to be wrong. They begged that schools might be established in their midst so that their children might grow up with better opportunities to come out of barbarism into light. More attention in China, as in India, must be devoted to the establishment of village schools with Christian teachers.

THE TURKISH GOVERN~IEN'l' AND R~JLIGION F REE democratic governmeIlt and autocratic Moslem institu- tions do not mix. The Nationalist Assembly of Turkey has been passing laws at Angora, some of which uphold their claims for the separation of Church and State, but some of which bring protests from Moslems as well as from non-Moslems. The Assembly has recently banished the former Sultan and has dispersed his harem on the ground that other free states do not harbor deposed monarchs. They have also abolished the caliphate, the Moslem civil and religious authority at Constantinople, on the ground that it was seeking to dictate to the civil government. The Assembly found itself hampered in promUlgating laws which the caliph declared to be contrary to the teachings of Mohammed-such as the Jaws respecting polygamy and woman's rights. The Government therefore decided to abolish the caliphate. This seems to be another step toward the destruction of the political power of Islam. The control of the property held by religious ,establishments in Turkey, and valued at more than five hundred million dollars, is a question yet to be settled. This wealth gives the religious leaders great power.

The civil functions of the Greek Ecumenical Patriarch and the Jewish Rabbinate have also been abolished and the political functions of these offices are taken over by the National Assembly.

Abdul Medjid, the deposed caliph, is now residing in Switzerland and from there has issued a strong protest against the action

of the National Turkish Assembly" as sacrilegious and void." He invites the leaders of the Moslem world to call an inter-Islamic congress to consider the matter. Moslems of forty-one countries recently met in Berlin to protest against the action of the Angora Assembly as that of a pan-Turanian, Bolshevist government. In the meantime, several other claimants to the caliphate have appearedincluding King Hussein of the Hedjaz and the Sultan of Morocco (favored by the French).

The Turkish Nationalists, having disregarded the dictates of the European Governments in so many directions, are also taking the bit in their teeth more and more in other matters, civil and religious. Not only have they killed or driven out Armenians and Greeks, returned to power in Constantinople and abrogated the capitulations, but they have recently passed laws that hamper non-Moslem merchants and missionary workers. One of the recent laws makes Friday, the Moslem holy day, a universal day of rest on which all business houses, both Moslem and non-Moslem, must be closed. Even street venders are barred, and milkmen cannot deliver milk without a special license. The motive of the new law may be to prevent Jews, Christians and other non-Moslems from doing business when Moslem shops are closed, or may be merely an assertion of authority to show that Turkey is emphatically a Moslem land. The law will work hardship to Christians who conscientiously close their shops on Sunday and will give many opportunities for bribery of officials in order to obtain special licenses for trading on Friday.

The Government is determined to enforce its laws respecting the giving of religious (non-Moslem) instruction in private as well as in public schools, and has refused to grant licenses to non-Turkish citizens to practice medicine in Turkey. This, of course, hinders mission schools in their Christian instruction and prevents missionary physicians from practicing medicine in mission hospitals. As a result the American Board hospital in Aintab has been closed as well as the girls' school in Marash, and the Reformed Presbyterian School in Mersina. American missionaries in Ca:sarea and Marsovan have not been able to reopen the hospital or school though the people desire these institutions. The Government is determined to compel mission schools to conform to the new Turkish laws, possibly desiring by these regulations to lessen their Christian influence.""

In the meantime, the missionaries are waiting faithfully and patiently on God in prayer. American business enterprises are perseveringly endeavoring to obtain concessions and to find a market for tlieir goods and should Christian enterprises be any less courageous and persistent in their more important and unselfish efforts to bring the benefits of the Gospel to these multitudes for whom Christ died ~ • Permission has just been given to Dr. Shepard and Dr. Dodd to practice medicine.

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

CHRISTIAN PROGRESS IN BRAZIL T HE Evangelical Church in Brazil has come to be a very strong factor in the national life of Brazil. Great self-supporting churches are found in the cities with large memberships and do- ing real missionary work in their own districts and one of them at least reaching out into a foreign land. Events that a few years ago would have caused the whole Church to stop and comment are now passed on as natural things to expect in the enlargement of the work.

Before I reached Santos, my first stop, I received a wireless message of welcome from the evangelical forces of that progressive community. I was met at the steamer by a large reception committee, composed of the ministers of the various evangelical churches. That evening I addressed a union-meeting in one of the churches with probably 500 people present. I spoke to them about cooperation in different parts of Latin America and they received the message with great enthusiasm. Only a few years ago there was no cooperation in Santos and all of the workers were watching one another with jealousy. Today, without any help whatever from the mission boards, the churches of the city have united and organized a prosperous school, which is exercising a splendid influence on the city.

An illustration of the fact that our Evangelical Church members are "live members" and are taking part in the varied life of the community, is the fact that the first woman aviator in Brazil is a young lady member of one of our churches in Santos and among the things that the churches had provided for my entertaiument was an invitation to view the city from the aeroplaue piloted by this young member. Santos is the greatest coffee port in the world but it is now coming to be a city of importance in other ways. On.e of the finest railroads in the world leads from Santos up to Sao Paulo, about two hours ride through beautiful mountainous districts. The climb is so steep that cables are necessary.

Sao Paulo is the second city in Brazil and the third in South America, now having about 750,000 people. Its growth during the last few years is one of the most remarkable developments in all of American municipal life. Both the Presbyterians and the Methodists have recently built beautiful churches in the city, buildings that would grace our best boulevards in New York or Nashville. I had a conference with'the pastors of the city in the Young Men's Christian Association, reviewing the work in Sao Paulo and planning for the Montevideo Congress in the spring of 1925. In a meeting of that kind one finds the same keenness of intellect and the same consecration, and the same power of discussing problems as he would find in any city pastors' associations in the United States.

The most remarkable thing I saw in Sao Paulo was the work among the Japanese. Little over a year ago a Japanese student,. who had been converted in Japan, and had come to the United States for

theological training, talked to me about work among the Japanese immigrants who were going to BraziL It was not possible for him to secure any appointment from North American mission boards. So, as he had saved up some money by working in the United States, he decided to go at his own expense to minister to the 35,000 Japanese who have recently come into the State of Sao Paulo, invited by the Brazilian Government to colonize and help furnish agricultural workers for that district.

The young man found a splendid welcome among the Japanese, some of whom were Christians, and he is now building up a fine Sunday-school and some night classes. The Brazilian churches are interested in the work and the pastors formed a Japanese Mission in clrder to guide this growing development. The Japanese themselves have contributed something like $2,000 for the erection of a building and the Brazilian pastors propose to see that this work is well cared for. The Japanese in California have also become interested and it now looks as though this splendid work would be carried forward by means of the Japanese and Brazilian Christians themselves. Here is one of the finest illustrations of the development of foreign missions that I have known in any part of the world.

While in Sao Paulo a committee consulted with me about a pastor for the union congregation which the English-speaking people have recently formed in that city. The congregation now meets in the Y. M. C. A. and various missionaries are doing the preaching but there is a large English colony and they are very much in need of a pastor to devote his entire time to this work.

"When one goes to Rio de Janeiro and enters the office of the Committee on Cooperation in Brazil, presided over by that indefatigable worker, Professor Erasmo Braga, he understands why many of the developments in the Evangelical Church have come to pass. I do not know of any man in America who has done a finer piece of Christian service than has Prof. Braga during these last three years, since he has been Secretary of this interdenominational work. Prof. Braga came to this work with a splendid background. As a professor in the Presbyterian Seminary at Campinas for many years and professor in one of the Brazilian public high schools, the author of a reader which is now being used by a large number of government schools, a writer of recognized ability and altogether a fine, cultivated, Christian gentleman, he has used his talents and consecration to develop one of the finest pieces of cooperation that is to be found anywhere.

The offices are located on a prominent down-town street and are occupied not only by the Committee on Cooperation but also by the Brazilian Secretary of the World's Sunday-school Association and the national secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association. This trio of workers, with their office staff, form a kind of interdep.ominational missionary headquarters. They have a conference

F.DITORIAL COMMENTS

room and nearly every day there is some kind of an interdenomin- ational committee or conference going on. During the last two years a large number of books have been translated and published by this Committee.

Committee meetings in connection with the centenary celebra- tion this year took a great deal of the workers' time. The quarterly meeting of the Sunday-school Union, to which men from distant places came, was held, where important questions concerning Sundayschool literature were decided. The Committee on Cooperation keeps a file of some 385 ministers in Brazil, with information as to the ministry in each denomination and the occupation of territory in each state. Maps representing these points have been printed and circulated. Courses of reading and selected books are recommended to the constituency through the cooperative religious magazine "R-evista de Cultum Religiosa."

The list of the cooperative institutions in Brazil indicates something of the results of the hard work done by the Committee on Cooperation in Brazil.

Union Institutions in Brazil Executive and Literature Office in Rio de Janeiro, including such activities as syndicated articles concerning the Evangelical work sent to the daily secular and religious press; the preparation of the .Annual Sunday School Lesson Commentary in Portuguese; Literature Exhibit; Directory of Evangelical Workers; Coordination of work among the Indians and Japanese; Building up of Portuguese Christian Literature by the publication of translations and original works; .Advising Y. M. C. .A., Y. W. C. .A., National Sun. day School .Association and other agencies on their publications; Conference Room for interdenominational meetings; etc., etc. In charge of Professor Erasmo Braga.

Union Theological Seminary: Located at the People's Institute, at Rio de Janeiro. Cooperating bodies: Congregationalists, Methodists, Presbyterians.

Union Church for English.Speaking Residents: .At Rio de Janeiro: a well established church with plans for a representative building including a social center for the colony. ,.At Sao Paulo, a new effort, now meeting in the Y. M. C, .A., desirous of securing a pastor.

Evangelical Hospital, at Rio de Janeiro: Erected and supported by the Brazilian churches, without outside help. Offers an opportunity for larger sf'l'vice by receiving assistance from outside sources.

Rest Home, at Caxambu: Located at a famous health resort. .A recent de. velopment started by the Christian forces in Brazil, offering a rest home for all Christian workers and frie'llds and meeting with remarkable success.

Union School, at Santos: Organized and operated by the local churches of Santos.

Board of Missions for Japanese in Brazil: .A society organized by the churches of Sao Paulo to reach the Japanese colonies with the Gospel.

Revista de Cultura ReligioslP: .A quarterly magazine for the treatment of religious topics, edited, issued and supported by a group of leading Evangeli. cals in Brazil.

Union Bookstore at Rio de Janeiro: Just begun with the help of the Methodist press in Sao Paulo,

Methodist Press: This press though owned entirely by the Southern Methodist Board does much of the work for the Union Committee on Liter- ature in BrazH. s. G. I.

SOME QUESTIONS FOR A MAN AT FIFTY ASKED BY MR. A. A. HYDE, WICHITA, KANSAS President of the Mentholatum Company 1. How can the successful business man at fifty plan for his remaining years to make them the most enjoyable of his whole life~ 2. With this aim, should he plan to retire entirely from busi- ness; and if so, when 1 3. By the time he is fifty, if he has built up a good business and has capital and income more than sufficient for needs, what should he do with the surplus?

4. To illustrate: Should such a man largely and increasingly .give of his time to the cultivation of his own physical, mental and spiritual well-being and that of his family1 5. Should he also give largely of time and money to organiza- tions for the betterment of society and in furthering per- sonally other religious work?

6. Is it wise for a man of fifty during his remaining years, to gradually sell out his business to employees of tested ability and thus give them greater opportunity for service and reward?

7. After providing reasonably by will for wife and dependents, should such a man aim, while yet living, to administer and distribute the bulk of his estate for God and humanity, rather than leave his means to expectant heirs, or even to his adult children?

8. Taking it for granted that a generous, sympathetic and lov- ing father~an all-round man who knows the real joys of life is needed more by wife and family, than they need his estate, may we ask our final question-Is the right answer to question No. 1 fairly suggested in the remaining seven questions?

Cut out the above and place it where it will be frequently seen.

A MALAY HOME IN ·THE ISLAND OF

A Missionary Visit to Sumatra and Java BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEM.EH" D.D., F.R-G.S., OAIR.D, EG.yPT Author of "Arabia, The Cradle of Islam," etc., Editor of '''rhe Moslem World"

O NE of the great promises of the Old Testament states that the "isles shall wait for His law." If the word "wait" in this promise includes the ideas of delay, expectation, and fulfillment, then the word has its full significance in the history of Christian missions. The islands of the Mediterranean waited long but expected and received the Gospel. So the islands of the South Seas waited long to hear the message. In no other island of the world has, perhaps, this promise of Isaiah been so signally fulfilled as in the Island of Sumatra. If anyone doubts the present-day power of the Gospel, let him visit this mission field and see the evidences of God's grace among the Bataks or on the islands of Nias fringing the west coast of Sumatra. 'Within a single generation the Gospel has been able to win hundreds of thousands from heathen darImess to Christian light. and life. Sumatra is one of the least kno'wn mission fields and yet one of the most fruitful in results. It was my privilege to visit this island in the summer of 1922 and to learn at first hand regarding the conditions and the results of missionary effort.

One must understand something of the geography of the island to appreciate the intensity of the threefold struggle between Christianity, Islam, and Animistic Heathenism. Sumatra affords a rare opportunity for the comparative study of religions and in this field S4l

at least, one can speak with truth of the progress and arrest of Islam amid dying heathenism and of the future victory of the Cross.

Sumatra lies on the Equator, which divides it into two nearly equal parts. Its total area is 184,000 square miles. It is about 1,000 miles in length and 250 miles wide. The government divides the island into two sections-the West Coast, with Achin, and seven residences along the East Coast and neighboring islands. High mountain chains skirt the whole of the west coast, while the east consists of flat alluvial country. Earthquakes are frequent as the whole range is topped with a line of volcanoes, several of which are active. Forests crown the mountains and the whole island is extremely fertile. The climate is tropical, and the rainfall is spread over the whole year, some places having a record of 190 inches-a flood of fifteen feet!

Although the island is three times the size of Java, its population is not more than one-sixth, the total approaching 6,000,000. Only seven towns have a popUlation of over 5,000. The largest are: Palembang, 61,000; Pedang, 50,000; and Sibolga, 20,000.

The chief peoples of Sumatra belong to two groups-Indonesians and Malays. There is no great physical difference between them, and they all approximate to the Malay type. The chief groups are the following: Achinese, North Sumatra; Bataks around Lake Toba; Malays on the east coast; Ilembongs on the west coast; and Lampongs in their own central district. The last named have a considerable mixture of Javanese blood. Of foreigners there are about 10,000 Europeans, 225,000 Chinese, and nearly 5,000 Arabs. A variety of languages and scripts are used, by the different peoples. Malay is the language of trade and of the officials and of Islam. Bible translations exist in most of the languages but in many of them this work i& still needed and only a gospel or a few portions are available.

First visited by the Dutch in 1596, a treaty was concluded in 1662, and, after a s.truggle with the British, who retired in 1824, Sumatra was conquered by the Dutch. 'fhe process of conquest lasted from 1825 until 1907. The chief point of conflict was northern Sumatra where the Achinese, fearing Dutch aggression, secretly sought protection in turn from the United States, Italy, France, and Turkey, through the consuls at Singapore. The Dutch demanded an explanation of these secret negotiations; and, this being evaded, war was declared on the Achinese in March, 1873, and dragged on in one form or another, with heavy cost of blood and treasure, until December, 1907, when the Sultan surrendered and was deported to Amboina. Then to celebrate their victory and the peace, the Dutch constructed a great mosque at Koota-Radja, which is the finest piece of architecture in all Sumatra, but even this concession did not win over the affection of the people. The mosque today is scarcely used

A MISSIONARY VISIT TO SUMATRA AND .JAVA

by the faithful. Nominally, the peoples of Sumatra are today nearly all Mohammedans, except a large proportion of the Bataks, and the bulk of the inhabitants of the islands off the west coast who are pagans. There are still large areas in the interior where the Dutch rule is merely nominal, but the country is fast becoming pacified, and it may be expected that the population will rapidly increase when immigration from Java is encouraged.

Not until 1912 was a beginning made in the introduction of national education. By the end of 1914, 681 national schools had been established in Sumatra with approximately 41,000 pupils. The total number of private schools at the same date was given as 840 with A GENERAL VIEW OF PEARADJA, SHOWING THE CHURCH AND HOSPITAL 65,000 pupils. These figures are an eloquent testimony to the fact that Christian missions were the pioneers in national education.

The development of Sumatra has been delayed by the absence of good roads. There is no highway from north to south, but a good road has been completed from Sibolga across to Medan. Altogether about 4,000 kilometers of good roads are found, and 1,000 more under construction. Along these roads there is automobile service. A state railway connects Padang with Ft. DeKock, and there are narrow-gauge roads on the east coast and in the north. At present the lack of railway through the length of the island or even across from Palembang to Padang is a serious handicap to missions as well as to commercial development. The vast forests, high momitain ranges and the low irregular coast line, make all railway construc-

tion exceedingly difficult. It is only a matter of time however and soon the whole of this marvelously rich and fertile country will be open to exploitation and evangelization-a race between the best and the worst of Vestern nations.

The agricultural wealth of Sumatra includes the products of the palm, rubber, tobacco, tea, coffee, copra. The total number of cocoanut palms, according to the government estimates, is 14,500,000; 500,000 acres are planted with coffee; the rubber industry has devel- oped enormously within two decades. In 1919, 30,000 tons of rubber were exported from the east coast alone. Tobacco is grown more extensively in Sumatra and of higher quality than in any other part of the world. Medan is the center of the tobacco market of the world, and exports about 60,000,000 pounds annually. The steamer on which we sailed from Medan in 1917 carried a half-million sterling in tobacco leaves. A tax of 1/10th of a cent per pound placed on this one export would abundantly pay for the evangelization of the island. Gold, copper, but especially petroleum and tin are among the undeveloped riches of Sumatra. Tin mining is the chief industry of the islands of Banka and BiIliton.

2. The 'conflict of reli,gions in Surmatra. The standard work on missions in Sumatra from the standpoint of the struggle between Islam, Animism and Christianity, is that by Gottfried Simon. We would strongly recommend this book' for careful stUdy. The author has had eleven years' experience, and sketches the social and religious condition, first of the pagans, then the changes that take place when they become Moslem, and finally the process by which these Mohammedans turn to Christianity. Islam is not a schoolmaster to lead the pagan races to Christ. The pagan who becomes a Moslem also becomes a fanatic in his opposition to Christianity, and shows at once the strength and weakness of Islam over against the Gospel when Christian missions begin their work. The author leaves no doubt as regards his attitude toward Islam. It is one of uncompromising adherence to the vital truths of Christianity which make the impact of these two religions necessarily a death struggle. He shows the urgency and the possibility of winning over the pagan races in Malaysia and Africa before the advent of Islam, but makes clear no less that the struggle against I slam itself is not hopeless, but if carried on in the spirit of the Gospel is sure to bring results.

But the spirit of the Gospel, according to G::;ttfried Simon, is not the spirit of compromise, or that of dealing in superficialities. The impact of Christianity on Islam, especially in the Animistic world, means a death struggle. If any feel disposed to let the idea of a strenuous fight drop out of our Christian life and vocabulary, let them read this volume. During my visit we found unanimity in the testimony of all missionaries in Java and Sumatra that "Islam 1 "Progress and Arrest of Islam In Sumatra."

1924J A MISSIONARY VISrr TO SUMATRA A~D JAVA

can never be a bridge over the gulf that separates the heathen from Christianity, nor bring them nearer to God the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ." There is no compromise in Sumatra.

In enumerating the factors that play their part in turning the heathen to Islam, Simon notes: the policy of the colonial government which is always that of neutrality, but degenerates into favoritism; the native officials; the official language; the government school; the new highways of communication and commerce-all cooperate to drive the pagan into the fold of Islam. The fear of spirits, the desire for mediators, and the superstitious dread of a written charm are supplied in the Mos1em Koran.

"It is therefore not only a case of Islam conniving at Heathen proclivities," Simon says, "but of an inner connection being actually established between Animism and Islam. Islam itself is imbued with Animistic molecules which attract kindred elements in- heathenism. Its inherent syncretism gives it the power of assimilating what is even apparently heterogenous in other peoples. Its syncretic elasticity make it possible for Islam to be a world religion.

"Hence within Islam Animism does not play the part of a barely tolerated slave, rather it receives royal favor! The despised cult. of Animistic magic receives in Islam the rank of a divine institution. It is the gift of God to His faithful believers."

And again as he points out: "Animism is a foe which must be refused all quarter. In not doing so, Islam is bound to suffer absolute defeat itself at the hands of its hypocritical opponent.

"Many customs are doubtless forgotten; sacrifices are soon things of the past. Many prayer formulas, many names of spirits and ancestors are lost, but what an impregnable position magic gains in the new religion by ent,renching itself behind the new conception of God. How many possible ways the Heathen-Mohammedan finds of satisfying his Animistic cravings in his daily religious exercises-and, above all, in the vagaries of mysticism."

Another important factor is the pilgrimage to Mecca. Pilgrims, on their return, occupy a high position among the population and become apostles. The journey to Mecca is not so much a penance for a poor sinner as a spring-board by which any venturesome rogue may leap into a lucrative profession. The money invested for the journey brings a large return when the Hadji sets up as a propagandist and religious leader.

One may see in every village of north Sumatra the process in all its stages: Heathen becoming Moslems, and Moslems becoming Christian. The Mohammedan Christian has a great conflict before him-he faces a double line of battle. He must fight against the old Animism and also against Islam. The triumph of the Gospel in such an environment is a proof of its power. The faith of these Christians is great because it risks everything. The missionaries in their method have refused all compromise. In some respects they are ~ven radical in their attitude toward relam. It is the miraele of ~

A CO-EDUCATIONAL SCHOOL FOR MOSLEMS AT PADANG, SUMATRA In 1922 this school enrolled 800 p.upils. It is a private enterprise aided by government grants God's grace manifested through human love t.hat has won it.s way. Not only. does Jesus appear greater than Mohammed, but rather, as Simon says: "A new God, the father of Jesus Christ, who is one wit.h the Son, takes the place of Allah in the Moslem heart." "It is not merely a question of correCting' the Mohammedan conception of God. That is a hopeless task; the idea is too distorted. An entirely new conception is formed in the mind of the Mohammedan. ,/'he very name of God scarcely remains the same. Among the Bataks, we revert to the old vernacular name for God and once more eliminate the Arabic Allah. The soul finds the living God Himself in Jesus."

The method of preaching in Sumatra is fearless. No Moham- .medan can become a Christian, they say, unless he is persuaded that Mohammed is a false prophet. '''1'he aim of our preaching," says Simon, "is to make the Mohammedan realize who Jesus is; then his faith in Mohammed 'spontaneously breaks down. He must become assured of a twofold fact: that Christians reallv have another Jesus from the Jesus of Islam, and t.hat Mohammed is not what he himself claims to be, nor what the teachers say he is."

3. Into this great arena of present-day conflict, it was our privilege to enter for a brief fortnight and to study at first hand the POWel- of the Gospel among pagans and Moslems in Sumatra. After g-etting into close touch with the missions in .Java, orientation was less difficult and everywhere, especially on the part of our German brethren of the Rhenish Mission we were heartily welcomed and most hospitably received. And for these workers to be hospitable means sacrifice. Think of t.he war period and the post-war disappearance of the mark.

After preaching in the Willemskerk at Weltevreden on Sunday, August 20, 1922, to a congregation whose organization dates back

A MISSIONARY VISIT TO SUMATRA AND .JAVA

to 1619, I visited the Rhenish Mission post opened in Padang in connection with their work on the island of Nias. The recent revival there has resulted in a large accession of heathen to the Church of Christ. The present number of converts on that island alone is 46,759, and in one year they had over 2,000 adult baptisms, with M,866 under instruction.

Padang has a population of 90,000 and with its harbor town Emmahaven, is the future metropolis for west Sumatra. A railway has been opened to Fort de Kock, 87 kilometers distant, through highlands whose rich and varied scenery is among the finest in all Sumatra.

At Padang we visited the Arab quarter and found, as everywhere, the productions of the Cairo Moslem Press on sale. Portraits of Mustapha Kemal and other Turkish heroes adorned private dwellings and shops. The Pan-Islamic spirit found expression even in the labels on match-boxes made in Sweden which pictured the Radja of Stamboul as head of Islam! I met a friendly Hadji, one of the leading Moslems, who received me cordially and s-poke fluent Arabic. He is a progressive Liberal, has organized a school for boys and girls under a Committee, which' assisted by the Government has put up a building costing 80,000 guilders. Two Dutch schoolmistresses are employed in addition to the teachers of Arabic and Malay. Four hundred pupils attend in the morning, and nearly four hundred others in the afternoon. I was invited to address the school and THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY AT SIPOHOAN, SUMATRA

spoke on the Principles of Civilization, and the Ethics of Jesus Christ. This school is coeducational.

On Friday August 25th our steamer arrived at Sibolga. This port is 200 miles beyond Padang, and nearly 800 miles from Batavia. The Rhenish mission house and church are beautifully located just outside the city of Sibolga. -When we arrived a confirmation class was in session 'lnd during our stay we learned something of the strnggle in this part of Sumatra between Islam and Christianity for the pagan tribes. Thp story of the conflict, its character and its results, has been told by Simon in his well-known book, already quoted.

On Augllst 26th, we left by government auto for Sipirok, a distance of 127 kilometres. Arriving the same day, we passed many villages, each having a church as well as a mosque. The station at Sipirok is one of the oldest of the Rhenish Mission. They now count 5,000 Christians in this one group of churches. The preparation given catechumens for baptism is very thorough. Islam is still active in its opposition and sometimes defiant. But the missionaries are not discouraged. On Sunday morning, we went to Boenga-Bandar to attend the annual mission fest. The church was crowded and the free-will offering good. 'Ve met a group of Moslems that evening. The following day we visited the great leper colony at Situmba with Mr. and Mrs. Link. The next day I visited Pargareotan and the work of the Java committee. There two missionaries are doing good work but isolated from their brethren of the Rhenish Mission ecclesiastically so that this little station seems like an island of Dutch work in the midst of the Rhenish field. Via Simatorkas, we returned to Sibolga, in a Ford car filled with a half dozen passengers.

The Moslems of Sibolga are in close touch with Mecca. We spoke with a number of Hadjis, and saw Cairo newspapers in their shops.

On September 1st we left for Pearadja, following the new highway built by the Government and crossing the great mountain range with its marvelous beauty of scenery before one enters the tableland surrounding picturesque Lake Toba. A short distance from' the main highway and near Pearadja is the monument erected to the two American missionaries, Munson and Lyman, pioneers of the American Board who were killed and eaten by cannibals in 1834. I secured a photograph of the monument with its simple inscription: John 16: 1-3 (and then in Battak), "The Blood of Martyrs is the Seed of the Church." The first Batak convert, Jacobus, is still living. He was baptized in 1861. Today there are over 216,000 Batak Christians. What hath God wrought!

Dr. J ohannus Warneck met me on my arrival and the days of fellowship with him were memorable. 'Ve had a conference of all the workers at the station; I visited their theological seminary and

1924J A MISSIONARY VISIT TO SUMATRA AND JAVA

training school and preached in the great church which seats 1,500 people. The progress of the work among the Bataks has been almost too rapid and the results too great for the strength of the workers.

The church will need time and the missionaries patience for the full development of the work. It is hard to pass from the stone age to the 20th century in one generation; from fibre thread and thorn needles to the use of the Singer sewing machine; from the wax dip to electric lights; from being the son of a cannibal chief to becoming a chauffeur of a Christian missionary. Yet there are the facts in spite of the laws of evolution. ."

Two Christian papers are published at Sipohoan where also the theological school and seminary are located. On September 5, Dr.

Warneck accompanying me, we visited Lagoeboeti and Balige, with its large industrial school for boys and girls. The large leper asylum, Hoeta Salem, with 500 inmates is a wonderful testimony to faith and enterprise. Missionary K. Lotz and his family welcomed us at their home at Sianter. There also we met Mr. Oechsli of the Meth- odist Episcopal Mission which has a very promising Chinese work here. A large meeting was held in the evening and we spoke to the congregation, through an interpreter, on evangelizing their Moslem neighbors. On September 6th, after bidding farewell to Dr. W arneck, ~e took the train for Medan. A full program of meetings had been arranged including a public address at the Hotel Medan, an address before the Moslem Society Boedo Oetomo in Arabic, two addresses in English for the Methodist Mission in their church, a sermon in the Reformed Church in Dutch, and closing with a conference on September 12th held in the Hervormde Kerk for all the Christian workers of the city. Twenty-five were present. After discussion of the occupation of Sumatra, it was found that the total number of missionaries in the whole island was as follows: Dutch Clergy, 3; Dutch Baptist Society, 1 ; Java Committee, 2; Rhenish Mission, 45; Methodist Episcopal Mission, 8; Nederlands Zending Genootschaap, 4; Salvation Army, 10; American A.dventist, 6; a total of 79. It was arranged to appoint a small committee to encourage closer co- operation especially in prayer and for the production and distribu- tion of literature for Moslems and native Christians.

Only seventy-nine foreigu workers for the whole of this great field where the harvest is dead ripe and so many rich sheaves have been garnered! "And the isles shall wait for his law." How 10ng1 If anyone doubts the power of the. Gospel, its miracle working-power today, let him go to Sumatra.

A CHORUS OF WALDENSTAN CHRISTIANS AT THE UNVEILING OF THE

MEMORIAL, TORRE PELLICE, ITALY The New Italy and the Old Gospel BY FREDERIC S. GOODMAN, NE W YORK Secretary of the American Waldensian Aid Society PROBABLY no country in Europe has been so radically recon- structed in the past two years as Italy. While the old Italy, with its art, its music, its historic ruins and fascinating history, its natural and its artificial beauty are there, a new life is throbbing everywhere. Mussolini's motto, "Our Country and Not Ourselves," has become a word of power, far beyond the membership of the men who have taken the solemn oath of the Fascisti.

There is a new industrialism in Italy, which will have tremendous economic and political significance in the neal' future. Waste of every sort is under the ban, and efficiency has become the watchword.

There is a new imperialism, which, when accompanied by the new spirit in industry, may become a menace to the peace of Europe, if not of the world. One need only to call to mind the sad events of last August and September, to see the force of these statements. Italy needs, more than at any day in her recent history, the inspiring, the guiding, the restraining influence of a vital and vitallizing religious life. Papini, who has a tremendous vogue among his own countrymen, says a true word, in t.he Introduction to his" Life of Jesus Christ": "There never was a time more cut. off from Christ than ours, nor one which needed Him more."

There is a new aggressiveness in the Roman Catholic Church in all parts of the world, and especially in Italy. In some lands 35()

THE NEW ITALY AND THE OLD GOSPEL

such as France, this takes the form of a vigorous assault on materialism, rather than on Protestantism. The Vatican realizes the changes which have come over Europe since the Armistice, especially in the Roman Catholic countries.

There is in Italy a religious minority, which, for seven long centuries, in a -marvelous way, has stood for and has been willing to die for, religious liberty. It has held tenaciously to the essentials of the Apostolic faith, as it has understood it. The Waldensian Church is the only Italian Protestant movement, which can be called a national Church. Its evangelical faith enables it to help its loved fatherland at this time of special need. This Church believes firmly: 1. That God is a loving Father who cares for all of His children, even when they ignore Him.

WALDENSIAN YOUTH BETWEEN SCHOOL SESSIONS IN THE GERMANASCA VALLEY 2. That Jesus Christ is a living Redeemer, mighty to save individuals, as well as communities and nations and civilization itself from the frightful results of sin and that there is no other Redeemer.

3. That the Spirit of the Living God is an omnipotent and omnipresent personal power, who will enter into the life of any man or group of men who will meet the conditions, and make that man or that group the channel of mighty blessing and power.

4. That there is far reaching reality in fellowship with God and with men through the means of common worship and the unfettered use of the Holy Scriptures.

5. That personal faith in such a Father, through such a Saviour, freely and steadily exercised is invincible, and overcomes every spiritual foe. This is far more than intellectual assent.

6. That love for Christ. shed abroad in the heart, by the Spirit of God, is equal to every spiritual strain. The hard command of Jesus, "love your enemies, and pray for those who persecute you," has

been fulfilled countless times, by the vValdensians, during the persecutions of seven centuries.

7. That on every saved sinner there rests the sobering responsibility to bear witness to the love, mercy and grace of the living Saviour, to everyone within the scope of his influence.

The study of Waldensian history, their covenants, and their creeds, warrants the statement that no body of Christians, under equally trying circumstances, more fully prove their right to be called followers of our Lord and Redeemer, Jesus Christ.

Italy, and all Europe needs nothing so much as demonstrated Christ-ianity, good will, confidence, unselfish service, expressed in the THE WALDENSIAN CAPITAL, TORRE PELLICE, IN THE VANDOIS VALLEYS, NORTH ITALY sphere of one's daily calling, industrial, economic, social, religious_ As Principal Cairns, Moderator of the United Free Church of Scot- land, has recently said, "Jesus Christ is the only Personality in the world Who is not bankrupt."

T1le'Naldensian Church, though only a small minority of the population of Italy, is eminently fitted to render timely and signifi- cant service to New Italy. Why? – 1. It is the only indigenous, national Protestant movement, of Italians, by Italians and for Italians.

2. It has an historic background of great significance, not only to Italy, but to evangelical churches in all lands. It was born, nurtured, and preserved in sorrow and suffering. It has paid in blood for its convictions. The records of the Waldenses, especially in the Valleys have a powerful influence over its sons and daughters, and,

THE NEW rfALY AND THE OLD GOSPEL

they elect the work of Christ at home and abroad, in a far large: proportion than do young men and women in other lands, within my knowledge.

3. It has a simple, democratic, and efficient form of organization. A very large place is given to the layman, though the standard of ministerial training is high.

4. It is intensely missionary. In spite of poverty, and unceasing opposition, political and religious, it has steadily pressed down from the Valleys, since the" emancipation" in 1848, until it has planted churches in more than fifty Italian /Cities, with out-stations and Sunday-schools in over one hundred other points.

5. It is successfully teaching the Bible and preac~ing the good news. Of this statement many new evidences are on file in the Waldensian headquarters in New York.

6. The Waldensians, to a very great degree have practiced that difficult command of our Lord, "Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you." They are winning, slowly but surely, the favor. of the Government, and of their neighbors, by their good will and patient endurance of wrongs and restrictions.

This ancient Church has before it the most challenging opportunity of its history and deserves the sympathy and financial backing of American lovers of an Open Bible and of the evangelical faith.

WALDENSIAN CHURCH (CORNELIUS BAKER MEMORIAL) IN ROME Outstanding Events of the Past Year A. Mission Board Symposiwrn on the TVark as Seen from the Point of View of the Secretary's Desk LTAST January, a letter went from the office of the REVIEW, to thirty-six secretaries of the Home and Foreign Mission Boards, asking for brief reports on the most outstanding and important events of the past year in connection with their work on the mission field or at the home base.

The study of the twenty-two replies received from Board secretaries reveals some interesting facts. There is no note of pessimism though there are some in a minor key. Some secretaries find it very difficult to pick out any outstanding event, but report progress along several lines. Only one Board refers to the doctrinal controversy which is disturbing a number of the denominations and only one speaks of opposition on the field. Only two Boards mention financial difficulties, while five report encouraging gains in receipts. Seven rejoice over the opening of new fields or new stations and five write that the opening of new hospitals or schools marks a new advance. Seven are encouraged by signs of spiritual awakenings and an increasing number of converts. Fonr refer to the Japanese earthquake, its losses, and the effect on Christian missions. Three Boards find of special importance the reorganization of their work at home and four report more or less radical reorganization of the work on the field. Five Boards dwell on the development of the native Christian churches in self-government and self-support, and point out the need for better trained leaders. Anniversaries loom large as the outstanding events in the history of two Boards.

Possibly some of the Boards not heard from could report very encouraging and outstanding signs of progress, while others may be silent because tbey have nothing of interest to report. It is exceedingly valuable to survey periodically the work for which one is responsible 'and to note down what has been done that has been worth while. Records are valuable in giving an account of one's stewardship. Sometimes a survey reveals clearly a lack of vision and a definite policy on the part of the leaders. At times, one realizes the need for better generalship and greater dependence on God for leadership and spiritual power. Sometimes we come to realize through such a review that our eyes and our efforts have been fixed on earthly things that are insignificant and transitory and we feel more keenly the need for the inspiration of a greater task undertaken in the name of our divine Lord. In other cases, we are humbled as we stand in amazed gratitude at the way in which God has wrought wonders in conjunction with our feeble efforts and in spite of our. shortcomings.

354

1924J OUTSTANDING EVEN'l'S OF THE PAST YEAR

The letters printed below should be read by all interested in the great world-wide work of Christ. Through them many may be inspired to greater faith, to greater self-sacrifice and to more devo~ tion in prayer, in giving and in service, to fulfil the will of God among men.

The Seventh-day Adventists "Probably the most significant event indicating remarkable progress is the advancement evidenced in the stress-ridden portions of Europe. In the sections that have been passing through the great- est hardships, we are getting the most converts. In those areas we have been realizing greater gains in converts than in any other di- vision of our world organization. While Europe has been passing through the valley of the shadow for many years, yet, during those same years, our work has marched forward in a way that seems miraculous.

"In old Russia our net gain in converts for the first three quar- ters of 1923 was 2,213. Roumania reports 921 souls for 1923. The European Division reports over 10,000 baptisms for the year.

Neither Bolshevism nor famine, poverty nor hardship is able to pre- vent the progress of the Gospel. We feel grateful to God for the re- markable achievements by a small army of faithful soul-winners in the distressed portions of Europe.

"Reports from heathen lands contain such outstanding features as this word from the general director in the Far East: 'In the Phil- ippines the baptisms for 1923 were 1,029.' This echo comes from Central Africa: 'During 1923 the Zambesi field increased its mem- bership more than one thousand.' And so from every part of the world the cheering word of unprecedented advancement is reaching our Foreign Mission Board. B. E. BEDDOE.

Washington, D. C.

Amerioan Baptist Foreign Missions 1. The year has been remarkable for the record of evangelistic achievements. A total of 18,415 converts was added to the membership of the churches by baptism during the preceding statistical year. This is the largest total ever reported in a single year in the 110 years of the society's history.

2. Another significant event was the reduction in the accumulated deficit, which by unexpected larger income from various sources, and through a substantial reduction in expenditures, was reduced from $914,262.50 to $661,540.10.

3. In view of the blessing upon the evangelistic preaching tour in Czechoslovakia during the preceding summer, the Board sent to the Baltic States one of its members, Dr. S. "V. Cummings, for a similar preaching tour during the summer of 1923. He addressed

thousands of people and hundreds were brought to a saving knowl- edge of Jesus Christ.

4. The year 1923 must also record an unparalleled disaster in foreign missionary effort occasioned by the Japan earthquake, which damaged and destroyed property consisting of the '1'okyo Tabernacle, Mabie Memorial School, four Baptist churches, five missionary resi- dences and several other buildings, involving a total loss of ap- proximately $500,000. Never in its history has the society been called upon to face such a staggering blow to its work.

5. The encouraging development of self-support on the foreign field, in that now 61 per cent of the churches are entirely self-sup- porting, gives promise of still further development under proper mis- sionary leadership. Furthermore, the thousands of new converts must be wisely shepherded, and leaders from among them must be trained, so that in the days to come the new churches may grow rapidly to self-support and become centers for yet broader exten- sion of the faith.

New York City. P. H. J. LERRIGO.

New York American Baptist Home Mission A heartening undercurrent of evangelism has been noticeable in the work of all of the departments of the society during the past twelve months. Special evangelistic effort, accompanied by baptisms in every church in the state, has been adopted as the goal of the Oommittee on Evangelism in many states. A new vision of the possibilities of lay-evangelism has been grasped after our several Oonferences on Evangelism. The plan includes the appointment in every association of a given state of a layman whose duty it shall be to secure one layman in each church to cooperate with the pastor in the carrying forward of a special evangelistic campaign within the church.

Gracious revivals have awakened many towns in Eastern Ouba during the past two years. Students at EI Cristo College have become followers of Ohrist almost without exception. The native pastors trained by our American missionaries in Oentral American republics are continually leading groups of Ohristians into neighboring towns to make new converts.

Thirty students in the Mexican Boys' High School at Saltillo, Mexico, have declared an intention to study for the ministry.

Accompanying the generous gifts of money by Indians for the support of Bacone Oollege and Murrow Indian Orphanage, there have been consecrations of young Indian lives to Ohrist and His service. During December, 1923, a series of evangelistic meetings resulted in thirty-two baptisms at Bacone and there are now only two students who are not professing Ohristians.

Among the Kiowa Indians a spiritual movement developed

EVENTS OF THE PAST YEAR

through the positive stand for righteousness on the part of leading men and women that resulted in new converts won to Christ and many pledges made for Christian service. OUARLES L. WHITE.

New York City.

Southern Baptist-Foreign Missions There has not been, to my knowledge, any incident or develop- ment in our foreign mission work worthy of special attention.

Persecutions of our Baptist people in RJoumania continue. This will, I judge, be hard for Roumania to explain to the satisfaction of the American public after the agreement which Roumania entered into with the Allies when her present territorial boundaries were recognized.

There has lately been imprisonment of some of our Baptist men in Russia where the unsettled state of affairs gives us great anxiety. J. F. LOVE.

Richmond. Virgin'ia.

American Friend&-Foreign Missions Among the significant events of the past year on Friends' for- eign mission fields are the following: 1. The opening of a theological department in connection with the school at Holguin, Oriente, Cuba. Five young men are availing themselves of the opportunity to prepare for positions of leadership in the Cuba Church.

2. The church in Jamaica has experienced a phenomenal growth in the matter of self-support and in educational and evangelistic work. An enlarged church and school building program has been carried to completion.

3. The growth of the Normal Training School and Girls' Board- ing School in East Africa. Between forty and fifty young men—;- some the sons of chiefs and headmen-have entered upon a course of study which will prepare them to minister to the needs of their own people. More than thirty girls have been in attendance at the Girls' School in spite of the opposition on the part of some parents, headmen and others to advanced education for girls.

4. The growing eagerness of the Mohammedans and Protestants in Palestine for education. Friends are conducting day schools in six Mohammedan villages north of Jerusalem. Ohristian teachers are used and the people eagerly send their children for instruction.

-,.,~ Richmond, Indiana. B. WILLIS BEEDE.

d.F The Christian Reformed Church ~ Our little denomination does not havl'l big things to tell as other org~nizlttiomJ, but perhltp!l the following may interest you.

There are at present eight Christian Reformed llllssionaries in China, one of them at the Nanking Language School, and seven engaged in work in the city of Jukao, Province of Kiangsu.

Besides these workers in China, the Church has some 27 workers among the Indians of the Southwest, four stations being on the Navajo field and one station among the Zuni Indians, both in New Mexico, and two Hebrew mission plants-one in Paterson, N. J., and one in Chicago, Ill. At Hoboken, N. J., we maintain a Home for sailors and immigrants.

HENRY BEETS.

Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Church of the Brethren (Dunker) The oustanding new work of the denomination along missionary lines is the opening of work in Nigeria. Early in 1923 Rev. Albert D.

Helser and Rev. H. Stover Kulp entered Nigeria. as an investigation commission for the Church of the Brethren. 'I'hey selected a site in the Bornu Province and have secured permission from the Government to conduct a school at Garkida.

Work well established in India by a force of sixty missionaries and in China by fifty American workers is prospering in a normal way. In India there has been a distinct movement to emphasize the Indian Church more and the Mission less. The foundation for the new vocational school was laid and this will be invaluable since it is realized so keenly that the hand must be better trained to help carry out the Christian impulses of the heart.

Elgin, Illinois. H. SPRNCER MINNICH.

The Church of God "In the following paragraph we relate an event that, in our particular work, looms rather large.

" 'On Sept. 1, 1914, there was opened in Cuttack, India, under Miss E. Faith Stewart, a home for girls known as "The Shelter." Since it was established "The Shelter" has rescued more than one hundred of these girls, who, taken from the temples and dens of vice ·while very young and before they had entered lives of sin, were thus in a condition to be trained to lives of morality and Christian usefulness.

" 'But this institution is for girls only. Hence, Miss Stewart's heart was stirred for the need of the many orphan boys in India who need a place of shelter and an opportunity for Christian education. Money and workers having been provided for this purpose, the Boys' Home was opened sometime during the summer of 1923. The beginning was small, but as there are plenty of boys on whom to work in the Province of Orissa, the growth will be limited only by

OUTSTANDING EVENTS OF THE PAST YEAR

the workers and the means available. This institution will also provide husbands for the girls of the Shelter. J. W. PHELPS.

Anderson, Indiana.

Christian and Missionary Alliance During the year 1923 the Christian and Missionary Alliance was enabled to open mission stations in four distinct language groups where no resident missionary work had ever previously been carried on and no message of the Gospel was being given. These groups are: Ca.mbodia, where we opened a station in Pnom Penh, the capital, in January, 1923, and have since baptized the first Cam- bodian converts. Later in the year another station was opened at Battambang, each of these occupied by a married couple. Cambodia has a population of over a million and a half and we are glad for the privilege of carrying the Gospel to them.

The other three groups are in French Vest Africa and include the Poula or ]j'outa group, in j1"rench Guinea, numbering 655,000 principally Mohammedans, in which we have opened two stations- Mamou and Labe; the Senoufo tribe, numbering with the related group of Habes 450,000, with a station at Sikasso in French Soudan j and the Bobo tribe, a practically naked pagan tribe of 308,000, with the main station at Bob-Dioulasso. Funds for the carrying on of the Bobo work are being given through the Alliance treasury by a missionary society of an Evangelical Conference in Pennsylvania.

In the last two years our missionaries have been enabled to open thirty-two new stations principally in hitherto unoccupied regions and in doing this only one previously occupied station was closed to the work and turned over by arrangement with another society.

Through an exploration trip made by Rev. H. B. Dinwiddie~ Co-Secretary in our Foreign Department and also Secretary of the Pioneer Mission Agency, and Rev. G. P. Simmonds, for many years one of our missionaries in Ecuador, and by a survey made by R. B.

Clark of our Brazil Mission in a trip from Iquitos through Central Peru to Lima, information has been secured regarding the Oriente and upper Amazon region and portions of Peru, where there are many Indians with no message of the Gospel and steps are being taken to enter within the next few months different portions of the territory surveyed. A. C. SNEAD.

New York City.

Congregational-The American Board It may not be possible to point with assurance to "the most outstanding fact or event" in connection with our work during the year 1923, but one inclines to remark the progress in native leadership on the several fields as the significant outcome of the year.

The process of transferring responsibility from mISSIOnaries to native leaders has been going on for years. The elevation of qualified Christians in India, China, or elsewhere, to positions of trust and administrative power was begun long before 1923; but in this last year the process has gone forward more widely, with in- creasing rapidity, and in more systematic fashion. Mission organi- zation has been restricted or revised so as to provide for a real devolution.

The Marathi Mission in India has created an Indian Mission Board, made up largely of pastors and leading laymen with but two missionary representatives, which has taken over the care of the church life and of elementary school development in one section of the field. An Indian educator has succeeded to the headship of the Mission high school in the city of Bombay. In our South Indian fields the care of districts and of stations formerly in charge of resi- dent missionaries is now transferred to the hands of Tamil leaders.

In North China, in addition to strengthening the organization of the Council which is the supervising and directing body for the whole Mission enterprise in that large field, two Chinese educational supervisors have been secured in place of the foreign supervisor originally called for to guide in school development.

In Japan, where the Kumiai churches have been independent and self-determining for many years, in 1923 the Mission transferred to the organization of these churches the care of the churches that were the outgrowth of its work and had been dependent in part upon its grants in aid. They transferred also the funds which had been employed in aiding the churches to the holding and distribution of this organization, contentedly accepting the limited representation of two members of the Mission in the body of control.

Boston, Mass. W. E. STRONG.

Methodist Episcopal Church, South On my recent visit to the Orient I noted two great awakenings everywhere manifest, intellectualism and nationalism. These facts call for a swift spread of Christian id'eals, lest this generation should fix standards and loose forces that will set the clock of civilization back a century.

The Church of the Orient is taking form; it is becoming indigenous; it is growing in self-consciousness, self-respect and a sense of power and responsibility. The development of a native leadership will more and more shape and direct the Church of the future. Together with the development of the native leadership, the past year records a distinct upward step in self-support.

In the light of these lines of development, perhaps the most outstanding achievement of the past year is the organization by the China mission conference of a mi,ssion of its own in Manchuria. The

OUTSTANDING EVE~TS OF THE PAST YEAR

money has already been raised by the Chinese and the mission opened .under the joint superintendency of a foreigner and a native worker. This is the first instance in our missionary annals of a foreign mission field so catching the spirit of Christ that the natives themselves established another mission.

The revival movement which swept Shanghai recently stands out as a notable example of progress. This was a union revival, organized, financed and operated by the Chinese. The preaching was done by the Rev. Z. T. Kaung, a Methodist. As a result of his work more than 1,500 conversions were recorded in less than two weeks, and the crowds were so great that by order of the municipal police the doors of the city hall, where the meetings were held, were closed at a certain hour, because of overcrowding.

At home we have emerged from the Centenary regime with credit and with a forward reach. During the past five years South- ern Methodists have added to their responsibility 20,000,000 people, a new continent, and four flelds to their territory, with four new languages in which the Gospel must be preached. We have almost doubled our missionary force. The foreign mission program is three times as great as in 1918; and we are at a point to shape up and mobilize the forces for a great forward look in the field of missions.

NashviUe, Tenn. W. W. PINSON.

The Moravians The events which seem of importance to us in our mission work may appear rather humdrum to those accustomed to deal with large affairs.

In Alaska the work among the Kuskokwim Eskimos shows a net gain of exactly 200. ·When one realizes that these are really "handpicked"-won "one by one" it is a remarkable increase. The total Eskimo membership is now 2,125.

The outstanding administrative feature was the authorization of the building of a motor boat at a cost of $15,000. This is very important ·since there are no roads in the Kukskokwim District and all travel between the widely scattered stations, outstations and preaching places must be done by dogsled in winter and boat in summer.

In Nicaragua the Moravians are working among the Creoles and among the Sumu and Miskito Indians. A remarkable work of grace has been going on, especiaUy among the Indians of the upper coast, which has continued now for more than two years. Adult heathen are crowding in and pleading for baptism. In 1921 the net increase was 652; in 1922, 446; in 1923, 633, and now several hUl1dred are under instruction for baptism. The total membership is 10,107.

This is the largest work among the Indians of Central America car- ried on by any church anywhere. PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ.

Bethlehem, Pa.

3

Presbyterians, North-Foreign As to the most outstanding facts or events in connection with our missionary work during the year 1923, I would suggest the fol- lowing (in addition to the reorganization of our Board to include the Woman's Board): 1. The plans for the organization of the Union Mission in Meso- potamia to be jointly maintained and administered by the Reformed Church in America, the Reformed Church in the United States, the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., and also it is hoped the South- ern Presbyterian Church and the United Presbyterian Church.

2. The opening of the hearts of the Japanese people and the removal of suspicion and international distrust by the great out- pouring of American friendship and goodwill in connection with the earthquake relief.

3. The return of the Assyrian Christians and of the missionaries .to Urumia and the beginning of the reestablishment of the Church there.

4. The securer establishment· of the new Mission of the Church in Southern· Yunnan among the Tai people. ROBERT E. SPEER.

New York City.

Its object was to rescue from the public brothels of the Province of Orissa, young girls who had been trapped and taken there, or sold to such a life by their parents; as well as little girls who had been married to the gods in the temples.

Presbyterian Board of National Missons Without doubt, the most outstanding event in connection with the work of National Missions during the year 1923 was the organiza- tion in May of that year of the Board of National Missions. There was thus created a great inclusive National organization charged by the General Assembly with responsibility for all of the work of the evangelization of the home land. Home Missions was one of the earliest concerns of the Presbyterian Church. It was a concern of the first Presbytery, the first Synod and of the first General As- sembly. The General Assembly of 1802 appointed the first Standing Committee on Home Missions and the original Board of Missions was organized in 1816.

The year has necessarily been one of transition and reorganiza- tion. A new operating organization has had to be built in which all of the interests of all of the cooperating agencies have had to be conserved. This initial task is now carried to the point where with the beginning of the new fiscal year the National Board is enabled to energetically prosecute its task to win America for Christ.

New York. H. N. MORSE.

1924J OUTSTANDING- EVENTS OF THE PAST YEAR

The Presbyterian Church (South)-Foreign Among the most outstanding facts or events in the history of our Southern Presbyterian foreign mission work I briefly mention: 1. The fact that in spite of the large dependence of our Treasury on those engaged in cotton raising, and the ravages of the boll weevil in that industry, there has been no falling off, but on the con- trary an encouraging gain of approximately $150,000 in contributions up to the present date as compared with last year.

2. The present year marks the beginning of a new departure in our Mission administration in the appointment of three women as full voting members of our Board.

3. While our work has been disturbed by the Modernist-Funda- mentalist controversy, so far only in one case has any charge of doctrinal unsoundness been brought against any of our missionaries, and in this case the one implicated, after undergoing the most thorough investigation, received a unanimous vote of confidence from his Presbytery. S. H. CHESTER.

Nashville, Tenn.

Presbyterian Church (South) Home Missions (1) The year began with an indebtedness that increased until it aggregated $119,000, which was entirely wiped out leaving a small balance with which to begin the new current year.

(2) It witnessed the greatest Building Era in its history, which made demands upon Church Erection funds far beyond the financial ability of the Executive Committee, compelling it to decline applica- tions for help totalling nearly $200,000. This, however, did not prevent a Forward Movement in Church Erection which was in- augurated by appropriations for San Antonio; Texas involving a building outlay of $100,000. This is a specimen of similar operations to extend to a dozen other cities.

(3) The su.mmary of results reveals additions to the church, through the agency of Assembly'S Home Missions on profession of faith, aggregating 10,352 and by letter 4,967, making a total of 14,419.

(4) New equipment provided during the year for its mission work gives Stillman Institute for Negroes at Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Oklahoma Presbyterian College for Indians at Durant, Oklahoma, Stuart Robinson Institute for mountaineers in Kentucky their larg- ost capacity for service; while the $50,000 raised for the Mexican Girls School in Texas assures the sUCjCess of this new institution, at least in the first unit of its building operation.

Atla!J'!ta, Georgia. S. L. MORRIS.

l'resbyterian Church in Canada In our ten Foreign Mission fields the years 1918 to 1923 have been amongst the most encouraging years of our history. Famine relief in Honan in 1922 introduced a new era. The Chinese seem now to have got rid of the thought that foreigners were there for some sinister purpose, political or personal. One of our mission- aries reported that he had examined 2,000 candidates and enrolled 1,000 of them, asking the other 1,000 to delay for further study and conference. Another missionary also reports that he cannot oveI'take the number seeking examination. The barriers seem to have been broken down and the dooI's stand open. In Honan, when churches do not exist and the weather is not suitable for street preaching, tents are pitched and good audiences are secured, after- noon and evening, for ten days or two weeks and then our workers move on to another place.

The Jubilee of th~ North Formosa Mission was celebrated last year and reports come of a responsiveness there not known before.

Students have organized themselves into volunteer bands, and go out to villages round about for evangelistic work.

The Semi-Jubilee was celebrated last year in our Korea Mis- sion and the Korean Church manifests enthusiasm and enlarged out- look.

Toronto, Oanada. R P. MACKAY.

l'rotestant Episcopal Church The Protestant Episcopal Church feels that a new epoch in its missionary work in Japan began in December, 1923, with the consecration to the offiq,e of Bishop of Rev. Joseph S. Motoda, Ph.D., D.D., of the Diocese of Tokyo and Rev. Yasutaro Naide, D.D., as Bishop of Osaka. ':1.'0 quote the words of Bishop McKim: For the first time in the history of the missions of the Churches of the Anglican Communion, a native Church in Japan has created a self- supporting diocese, has elected its own Bishop under its own canons, and has become an integral branch of the Anglican Communion tm equal standing with its sister churches of England and America.

New York City. A. B. PARSON.

Reformed Church in America-Foreign In the Arcot Mission, India, the outstanding event from an administrative point of view is the organization by our Arcot Mission of the Arcot Assembly with a Constitution and By-Laws. This is perhaps the most advanced organized response within the churches of our missions to the new spirit that is running through the great countries of Asia. The stirring among these keen minds of the Orient of new ideas, particularly since the great V,rar, has influenced them, not only in their political life but in their religious as well.

1924J OUTSTANDING EVENTS OF THE PAST YEAR

The indigenous churches which have grown up in those countries have been moved by the challenge to self-determination and they have been endeavoring to express it in ways that have called out the sympathy and cooperation of the missionaries.

This Arcot Assembly is made up of the members of the Arcot Mission, the officers of the Indian Church Board, pastors of churches and other ordained ministers, headmasters and headmistresses of leading educational institutions, Indian representatives of the hospitals and laymen representatives of the communicant membership of the churches.

An outstanding event in Japan in which our Mission has had an active part has been the final organization after several years of anxious consideration of a Joint Evangelistic Board, made up of representatives of the Church of Christ in Japan aud of the cooper- ating Reformed-Presbyterian Missions, for the conduct of evangelis- tic work within the boundaries of the Churph and the cooperating Missions.

In the new mission field in Mesopotamia a forty-foot motor boat has been put into service to carry the gospel message along the rivers and canals and channels, to the tens of thousands of Arabs living in villages and hamlets and camps dotting all the water courses.

With the help of the Milton Stewart Evangelistic Fund a kero- sene motor boat was purchased from the British army for about $1,000 and has been named the "Milton Stewart." A cabin has been fitted up in the after part so that Mr. and Mrs. Dykstra can live on her for a month at a time.

New York City. WM.1. CHAMBERLAIN.

Reformed Church in America-Domestic It seems to me that the outstanding development in our work during the year 1923 was that connected with the growth of some cities and communities which are centers of influence for the Re- formed Church and which have called for a work of Church Extension of unusual size and scope. In the East this condition especially applies to the Metropolitan District, including Suburban New Jersey, Long Island and Staten Island. In this field the opportunities for extension have been limited only by the financial support the Board has been able to give. The same condition applies in the .Middle West, in and about the cities of Gran~ Rapids, Muskegon and HoI- land, :Michigan, and Chicago, Illinois. The willingness of people to support new church enterprises in these and other communities would seem to demonstrate that the average person does not want to live in a churchless community and that there is abiding interest in spiritual matters. "WM. T. DEMAREST.

New York City.

United Christian Missionary Society (Disciples) The most outstanding event in connection with our missionary work during the year 1923 was the raising of the Dr. A. L. Shelton Memorial Fund of $100,000 and the sending out of a new group of seven missionaries to Batang on the Tibetan border. This group con- sists of two evangelistic families, one medical family, and a trained nurse. This will lead to the strengthening of the Tibet station where we have a hospital, a Christian school and an orphanage, and will also make possible the opening of another station in the near future on the border. The fund is over-subscribed and a far larger group of young people would have been glad to go if we could have sent them. STEPHEN J. COREY.

St. Louis, Missoztt"i.

United Lutherans-Foreign Missions The outstanding event in connection with the foreign missionary work of the United Lutheran Church in America during the year 1923 was the effort to raise at least $300,000 as a Foreign Mission Forward Fund. This goal will be reached if all pledges are paid.

It is the purpose of the Board to cancel its indebtedness of $175,000 and to use the rest of its money for advance work in the foreign fields.

Negotiations are pending for the transfer of the Shantung Mis- sion Field of the Berlin Society to our Board. This field has three main stations, thirty-three outstations, and before the war there were twenty-eight missionaries in the field.

In India the outstanding event has been the establishment of a Vocational Middle School on the Lam Reserve near Guntur. The Mission is also pushing plans for a United Christian College in the Telugu area to be located at Bezawada. At preilent Noble College at Masulipatam is being used temporarily as a United College.

In Liberia the Lutheran missionaries are pushing backward into the Interior and have opened a new station near the boundary of French Guinea at Zorzor. GEORGE DRACH.

Baltimore, Maryland.

United Lutherans-Home Missions Perhaps the most outstanding fact during the past year was the removal of the headquarters from York, Pennsylvania to Ohicago.

Two other significant events were (1) The division of the West- ern portion of our field with a General Superintendent for the district west of the Rocky Mountains, and (2) a Mission Conference at which the entire directing force of our Home Mission work (General Super- intendents, Synodical and State Superintendents and Field Mission- aries) met with the Board to make a thorough survey of the field and to plan to occupy it more aggressively. JOHN F. SEIBERT.

Chicago, Ill.

OUTSTANDING EVENTS OF THE PAST YEAR

United Presbyterians-Foreign The pro-rata foreign missionary giving of our Ohurch per mem- ber is $6.02, including gifts coming in through both the Foreign Board and the Foreign Department of the Women's General Missionary Society.

The most outstanding event in connection with our work abroad in 1923 was the visit of the Oorresponding Secretary, Dr. W. B.

Anderson and the Recording Secretary, Dr. C. S. Oleland, to all our foreign fields-Egypt, the Sudan, Abyssinia and India. In con- nection with their visit to the Indian Mission Rev. H. C. Chambers, who went to India in 1903, was appointed as a General Secretary of the Mission. This is a departure from the previous policy but it is believed that it will result in much good in the way of coordinat- ing and unifying our work throughout the Punjab.

Abyssinia continues to. hold a fascinating missionary interest for the United Presbyterian Ohurch. There are many indications that this field has been directly opened by the hand of God. Although Abyssinia has nominally been Ohristian for many a century, yet it has been most hostile to present-day Ohristianity. The Abyssinians have at last welcomed American Ohristian missionaries into their land and after four years of occupation the United Presbyterian Ohurch has there a foreign staff of nine couples and six single women, located in three stations, Sayo, Gore and Addis Abeba. Last year, Dr. Lambie, the pioneer missionary in this field, returned to the capital with a $50,000 gift to which $17,000 has since been added, and is erecting a modern hospital in Addis Abeba with the hearty cooperation of the Regent. Over seventy converts have already been reported from this new field, indicating that God has in a special way placed the seal of His approval upon the opening of this work.

Philadelphia, Pa. MILLS J. TAYLOR.

United Presbyterians-Home Board In the matter of policy it is worthy of note that during the past year our three denominational Boards doing work in the Home field have been merged into one under the corporate name of "The Board of Home Missions of the United Presbyterian Ohurch of North America," which now carries three departments-" Home Missions, Ohurch Erection, and Work Among Negroes."

Special financial difficulty has been encountered during the year 1923, since the cost of organizing and maintaining mission stations has greatly increased-ahnost doubled in the last five or six years.

On the other hand, our Home Mission Board has never been confronted with so many splendid opportunities of organizing and developing mission congregations. 'Where we have been enabled to do so, splendid results have fonowed.

Pittsburgh, Pa. R. A. HUTClilSON.

Results of Christianity in

BY GALEN M. FISHER, M. A., NEW YORK Author of "Creative Forces in Japan." Formerly Y. M. C. A. Secretary in Japan.

O NE is reassured as to the stability of the Christian Movement in Japan by becoming acquainted with outstanding living Japanese leaders, such as those mentioned below. Japan is said to have been the first Asiatic country to have a "native" bishop for a Protestant communion. Bishop Honda was the man (or one might well say, the saint) elected to fill the office when, in 1908, the united Japan Methodist Church was formed. He has been followed by two other able men, Bishop Hiraiwa and the present incumbent Bishop Usaki, who, by the way, is a worthy graduate of Vanderbilt University.

This year, at length, after years of preparation, the Anglican church in Japan (Seikokai) consecrated Rev. Dr. S. Motoda and Rev. Dr. Naide as its first Japanese bishops. Like a number of other Seikokai leaders, Bishop Motoda owes a great deal to two early American Episcopal missionaries, Dr. Tyng and Bishop Williams. For collegiate and graduate study he went to U. S. A., taking his doctorate in sociology. Bishop Motoda has won his spurs not only as an educator but as a prolific writer and lecturer. His catholic spirit and judicial poise have made him unusually effective in interdenominational enterprises.

In the Nihon Kiris1do Kyokai (Presbyterial) the foremost elder statesman is Pastor ]f. Uemura. He is a master of expository preaching, for, although his pulpit manner is unadorned and quiet, his fresh exegesis, his incisive thrusts at human nature and his widelanging literary allusions give his messages penetrating power. One of the keys to his influence is to be found in his library, gleaned from all land.s, but chiefly British. Dr. John Kelman is an admiring friend of Dr. Uemura's and when calling on him one time he was left in the library a few minutes while Dr. Uemura went to another room. On the reappearance of his host Dr. Kelman exclaimed, "It's gooo you didn't leave me alone with some of these books any longer, or I might not have been able to resist the temptation!" The Fukuin Shimpo (" Gospel News") is the recognized premier among religious weeklies in Japan. It has from the first-for thirty odd years-been edited, managed and owned (and its deficits met) by Dr. Demura. As though the shepherding of the largest congregation in the Empire and the editing of a weekly journal were not enough, he has successfully maintained a theological school and has been for many years chairman of the National Executive Committee of the denomi" nation. When one inquir'es as to the fountainhead of all this pro- 308 ductivity, it appears that young Uemura as a lad studied in the schools of the late Dr. James H. Ballagh (Dutch Reformed) and Dr. Samuel Rollins Brown (Presbyterian). It was due to Dr. Ballagh's influence that he became a Ohristian.

The Kumiai (Congregational) Churches in Japan are rich in a.ble leaders, especially in the first,- and alas-the passing, generabon. Among them the group who came from the famous "Kumamoto Band" stand foremost. rrhis group includes Pastor Kanamori, the "three hour sermon evangelist," so widely known in America, Pastor Miyagawa, the powerful pastor of Osaka, Pres. Ebina, of Doshisha DR. SAKUZO YOSHIMO KA.TINOSUKE !BUKA Professor in Tokyo Imperial University; leader President of Meiji P.aku1n College; chairman in progressive political and reUglouB National Cummittee of Y. M. C. A" Ex-moderator thought ot Presbyterian General Assembly; Ex-chair- m a n of National S. S, Associa.tion.

tTniversity, and his predecessor, Dr. Tasuku Harada, now of the University of Hawaii. Dr. Ebina, president of Doshisha University, has always been more a prophet than a theologian, and his persuasive presentation of the love of the Father and of the Lordship of Jesus Christ has gone far to stop the mouths of gainsayers and to make them thankful that in every way Christ is preached.

One of the greatest gifts of Doshisha to Japan is Oolonel Gumpei Yamamuro, the master mind of the Salvation Army. His funds exhausted, young Yamamuro was on the point of being compelled to leave Doshisha, when a fellow student anonymously paid his fees and enabled him to continue. Some time afterward he learned who had so befriended him, and on asking the reason, found that it was the

love of Christ in the heart of a lad who was peddling milk and eating short rations in order to help him out. Naturally he was deeply touched and was moved in large measure by this incident to become a Christian and give his life to the service of the poor and unfortu- nate. Col. Yamamuro's pen and voice have reached literally millions with a kindling message. His volume, "The Common People's Gospel," has the quality of Spurgeon and Moody. and has gone through countless reprints. As he speaks, even a hearer ignoraut (If Japanese could hardly escape the drawing power of his glowing sympathy and unaffected concern for sin-chained hearts. The growth and standing of the Salvation Army in Japan are due largely to bim, for with extraordinary evan- gelistic gifts, he unites confidence- winning character and shrewd common sense.

In the younger generation of ministers there are a number of able men in each of the denomina- tions. Rev. H. Hatanaka of the Kumiai Church is one. In his boy- hood he was practically adopted by Miss Mary Wainwright of the Congregational Mission and in America he bore the name George Wainwright. Her unstinted ef- forts on his behalf have borne rich fruitage. After graduating from Oberlin College and Theological Seminary he had the distinction of SOICRI SAITO serving with success as a Boys National General Secretary of tbe Y. M. C. A. Secretary in Pittsburgh Y. 11. C. of Japan A. among American boys. He was equally successful in similar work among Japanese boys at Osaka.

But his riper powers found fuller outlet in the pastorate, at Kyoto.

1'here he was for several years the dynamic leader of a large central church embracing alike merchants and students, men, women and ehildren. That he has had a helpmeet of ability in his wife, a grad- uate of a mission college, will have been surmised by readers who know how often the wife is the better half in American pastorates. A few months ago Mr. Hatanaka accepted the insistent call to become Dean of his wife's alma mater, Kobe College. In student conferences he has been an especially effective speaker. His exceptional com- mand of English, added to his winsome personality, have made him one of the best interpreters: Dr. J aIm R. Mott spoke through him almost exclusively two years ago.

LIVING RESULTS OF CHRISTIANITY IN J APAN

Rev. Toyohiko Kagawa of Kobe, although barely thirty-five, is today one of the most widely read and respected Japanese. His ~).ctivities for the last five years have been manifold: preacher, evan- gelist and lecturer in universal demand, author of sociological, re- ligious and imaginative works of note, including an autobiographical novel which in 1921-22 was a "best seller"; organizer of the -Test- ern Ii'ederation of Labor and of the hitherto helpless and scattered 1enant farmers into a national union. Kagawa is one of the most remarkable examples of the highly multiplicative effects of Christian mlSSlOns. Since the earthquake, he has been giving himself unspar- ingly to relief and evangelistic work among the stricken multi- tudes of the Tokyo slums.

Among the notable Christian laymen, it is difficult to select a few for special mention. Kichi- taro Muramatsu of Kobe went to New York in his youth to study business, and on his first Sunday in the great city attended a church where an incident occurred which leavened his whole life. After the service he was hoping some one would greet him, and at length a kindly gentleman did so, in the heartiest way, and after inquiring about bis religious and business connections, invited the youth to call at his office in the Twenty- MISS MICHl KAWAI third Street Y. M. C. A. It was National General Secretary of the Y. W.

none otber than the General Secre- c. A .• Japan tary, Robert McBurney, himself once a lonely immigrant from Ireland. Although Mr. Muramatsu never saw Mr. McBurney again, that sympathetic word aroused in him the resolute purpose to dedicate his own life to befriending young IIlen away from home in bis own city of Kobe. To tbat purpose be has been inflexibly true for more than a quarter century. He has lived a busy mercbant's life and bas reared a fine family, but be has at the same time been superintendent of a Sunday-school and president of the city Y. M. C. A. and a leader in the nationwide expansion of tbe Kumiai Churches. Wben the first Association building fund was be- ing launched, he felt that he as president should lead off, so he con- tributed the one thousand yen which he bad been saving in order to

build a home for himself, remarking that the young men of the city needed a home of their own much more than he did.

The ideal woman of Old Japan was seldom seen and never heard, for the home was her first and only sphere. In New Japan women are invading nearly all the occupations alongside of their brothers. They speak and write on domestic and political issues and conduct all sorts of business, educational and philanthropic enterprises. Among the younger Christian leaders, Miss Michi Kawai stands in the front rank. Descended from an unbroken line of Shinto priests stretching back to the time of King Alfred, her father became a Chris- 1ian and sent her to a Presbyterian Mission School, and later to Miss '1'suda's famous Christian college in Tokyo. There she won a competitive scholarship for Bryn Mawr. Today she is the winsome yet aggressive leader of the NationalY. W. C. A., and is known and honored in Europe and America because of her telling addresses at scores of universities and conventions. Since her last visit to Europe she has aroused the Christian women of Japan to give heroically toward the relief of East European students.

Among young men Mr. Soichi Saito holds a place of leadership Hot unlike that of Miss Kawai among women. He is intellectually a product of the government school system but at various stages he has been deeply influenced by missionaries, particularly of his own denomination, the Baptist. During his undergraduate days he took an active part in the Christian Association, and his thoughts were turned toward Christian service by translating Dr. Mott's volume on "The Leadership of the Church." After graduating from the Tokyo Imperial University he taught for nine years in his alma mater, the government junior college at Kumamoto. The Y. M. C. A. leaders all along desired to secure him as a secretary, but refrained from approaching him out of deference to the prior claims of another Christian agency upon him. When, however, he had declined three calls from that agency, the Association called him to the staff of the National Committee. In a short time he became National General ~ecretary, the first Japanese to hold that post. Whether at home or abroad, in China where the Japanese are bitterly suspected, or in Europe where they are little known, his unerring tact, penetrating insight, and courageous optimism have given him an influence beyond his years.

There are also pronounced Christians in high official circles, among them the Hon. N. Watanabe, Chief Justice of the Korean Court of Appeals and the Hon. Hampei Nagao, director of the Tokyo municipal department of lighting and transportation. The quality of Mr. Nagao's Christianity may be judged by an incident in Siberia early in 1919. Four European nations, and China, the U. S. A. and Japan, were there eyeing each other jealously. The Siberian Railwav was utterly broken down. Japan proposed that it should be restored

1924J LIVING RESULTS OF CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN

under a joint international board, with John F. Stevens of Panama Oanal fame as chairman. Japan's representative was Mr. Nagao. Mr. George Gleason thus tells how he took hold: "On his first night in Siberia we took supper together. 'I didn't want this job,' he said. 'There is too much international politics in it. But my government would not let me resign. I have come over to work with Mr. Stevens. You know him. Is he a Chris- . tian f Because if he is, I will go and have prayer with him, and then I am sure that all of our problems can be solved.'

"Due not a little to the fine Christian spirit injected into that committee by this Japanese engineer, four months later Roland M:orris, the American Ambassador to Japan, was able to say to a group of Osaka business men: 'Every decision of that Technical Board has been unanimous.' "

Mr. Nagao is a man of backbone, not like so many men who put the soft pedal on their religion the moment they become prominent officials. Wherever he has been on duty he has spoken as freely and acted as decisively in support of his Christian convictions as though he were a clergyman. In Kyushu he induced 6,000 of the 8,000 rail- way men under him to sign the temperance pledge. He is an ardent udvocate of church union and when he found the multiplicity of weak churches a handicap to the Christian cause in Moji he brought about a union church equipped with a parish house. Nagao's sterling char- acter and captivating personality win friends for his Master wher- ever he goes.

This gallery of notables may end with Prof. Sakuzo Yoshino. 'rhough still in his early forties, Dr. Yoshino has for ten years wielded a national influence as a fearless, constructive political and religious thinker. During his school days in Sendai he was won to Christ by a lady missionary, and was built up in the faith by his life in the student Association home. In college and university he took honors in scholarship and led the student Christian Association. ']'hree years in China as tutor to the children of Yuan-Shi-Kai laid the foundations for a friendliness toward the Chinese which has never wavered. After higher studies in Germany he was called to the chair of politics in Tokyo Imperial University, a unique vantage- point. Ten years ago, when the liberal or democratic movement in Japan was gasping to be born, he boldly attacked the repressive policy of the administration in Korea. Frowns and threats from !ligh officials failed to silence him. Soon he found himself one of the small band of prophetic spirits who have aroused the latent liberal- ism of the thinking classes.

It is such men and women, holders of the Distinguished Serv- ice Cross in the Christian Army, who justify the brightest hopes for the permanence and expansion of Christianity in Japan.

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 72J MUHLENBERG BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA, P A

COLLEGE STUDENTS AND MISSIONS I N the making of the history of modern m.issions, eolleges and college students have a large share. America has its Haystack Prayer Meeting; Japan, its gnarled pine and famous Kumamoto Band. From among German university students, Bartholomew Ziegenbalg and Henry Plutschau, went out. as the first Protestant missionaries to India.

This year, in the Student Volunteer Movement Convention of North America, over 5,000 students met to face the need of the world for Christ and their relationship to His great commission. During the past thirtyseven years more than 10,000 student volunteers have gone to foreign fields as missionaries.

Through the Student Fellowship for Christian IMe Service, thousands of coNege men and women are realizing their responsibility for home mission work, also. Steadily. on college campuses and in college halls, student leaders, who have lifted up their eyes and looked on the field, which is the world, are trying to lead others to see the same vision and to relate their lives rightly to the commission of their Lord.

YALE AND ITS UNOFFICIAL CHI- the Student Volunteers and the In- NESE EXTENSION ternational Young Men's Christian Dr. Harlan P. Beach tells the story Association, a number of attempts have been made to support individuals of one of the greatest student enter· in connection with the Associat,ion or priSM in the history of missions. in cooperation with recognized mis- Decades ago, David Livingstone so sionary societies in Asia. Harvard moved the students at Oxford and and the University of Pennsylvania Cambridge that in 1859 an organiza- for some time carried on independent tion was effected, called the Universi- mission work in China, but after a ties Mission to Central Africa. This few years they ceased to operate.

strong mission has carried on con- In 1902, Yale University decided to tinuously ever since; yet it is not establish a mission of its own in true to its name in the matter of sup- China, and the work has continued port and control, the universities and grown steadily, until, in 1923, its having ~o large part in the enterpri~e support from the New Haven office and no special respons.ibilities. Simi- required $152,589, in addition to lar organizations, initiated through $60,480 received on the field. The student interest in missions, bear money from Am-erica was given by scholastic names-the Dublin. Oxford graduates. undergraduates and friends and Cambridge Missions-and carry of Yale, aided generously by grants on missions in India. They also bear from the China Medical Board of the no great amount, of responsibility for Rockefeller 1<~oundation, and from the manning and financing those missions. Commonwealth Fund. The 1923 In America, under the influence of catalogue reports sixty-three in the 374

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faculty, and an enrolment of more leavened in a missionary sense by the than 450 in the Middle School, Arts sister institution in China and its Department and Medical School. achievements as reported from time Adding the students in the two to time through the college press and Nurses' Schools, there are over 500 at its largely attended annual meet~ students in all. Such a growth in ing on Baccalaureate Sunday. twenty-two years after the first missionary of the Society reached China, The graduates are. more generally and from 1906, when the missionaries interested in the philanthroric and had sufficiently equipped themselves educational phases of Yale in China, to open the Collegiate School, shows and especially in the remarkable medthat Yale in China CYa-li in Chinese) ical work it is doing, educationally is no longer an experiment in educa- and as a healing agency, than in its tion nor in its reflex results upon Yale di'ltinctively religious outcome-an University in New Haven. objective regarded as fundamental and running like a scarlet thread The underlying objective which through the whole scheme by both its actuated the graduates and Student missionaries and officers at the home Volunteers who founded the Society base. Bible study, chapel and church was to establish in a great mission services attended by all the students, field a Christian mission, manned by a vigorous Young Men's Christian its own graduates and supported by Association, voluntary work underthe Yale con·stituency. It was be- taken by Association members for t,he children of the neighborhood, teachlieved that such an enterprise would ing in the Sunday-schools of the varienlist. a deep and abiding interest in ous missions in Changsha, where the missions at the university itself, as its representatives continually report- mission is located, the conduct of Red ed, through the college periodicals, Cross work, the beginnings of tuberinteresting items concernin/t missions culosis work, are some of the ways in in China. It was also believed that a which this spirit of Christian service Christian university had a very real is manifested and nourished. missionary obligation which could, in part" be met by such a mission. They The various missionary societies felt, moreover, that undergraduates which entered the province of Hunan, who became interested in missions after it was opened to the previously during their college course and con- hated foreigner in 1902, united in tributed to the cause, would continue asking this mission to undertake the this interest arid financial cooperation work of higher education. This inviin their various denominations after tation was accepted, and the happiest graduation. This would be a' by- relations of friendly cooperation have product, of no small moment. been manifested ever since. The com- mon church of all the missions in Vhile Ya-li was in no sense an off- Changsha is the beautiful chapel of shoot of Yale University or directed Ya-li. To it, the missionaries come by it officially, it has always had every Sunday afternoon; and the among its leading offi,cers prominent foreign mercantile and diplomatic members of the faculty who have de- community also regard it as their voted themselves unselfishly to the common meeting center. study of its problems abroad and its financing at home. So important has The mission's attitude toward the the mission appeareil to its recently Chinese gentry and other literati has retired president that on resigning so won their esteem and confidence that for years tohey have been assotwo years ago he publicly stated that ciated with Ya-li in the medical work among thc varied accomplishments of through the Hunan-Yale Educational his university administration, no Association, with an equal number of event had seemed equally important directors elected by the Hunanese and as that of establishing Yale in China. the mission. This enlisted support, and Yale graduates are also increasingly secured from the Chinese land and

building for hospital use and a yearly erfl in the attempt to uplift the Chi- subvention. They have thus come to nese people, always with the hope of regard Ya-li as their very own. Its their personal and national regenera- great hospital, costing some $200,000 tion. This has made the Yale experi- and its various buildings, crowning ment in China a confirmed success.

the hill just outside the old city walls, MISSIONARY INTEREST AT and seen from far down the river, are MOUNT HOLYOKE their pride. Ya-li's natural emphasis on athletics makes its campus at By HARRIET VAUGHAN, 1925.

athletic events the one great rallying A constant fresh st,ream of mission- place for the populace, from the Gov- ary interest flows to Mount Holyoke ernor in his silks to the poorest men, through letters from missionary women and children. In time of strife alumnre. Every year committees of -Changsha has been the center of the girls write personal letters containing struggle between North and South for college news to each of our mission- years-the mission premises are the aries, and they in return write inter- neutral ground whither high officials est.iug letters concerning their work flee for refuge. With so many wounded and country. These letters give the in the frequent, bloody encounters, the girls accurate, first-hand pict.ures of hospital's force of thirty-seven staff missionary work. Christmas boxe& members finds its hands full, even if are also sent to two missionaries, one the annual quota of 30,000 out-pa- in Japan and one in Mexico.

tients and the intensive work in the The World Fellowship dil>cussion hospital wards were not their primary group has sought out the foreigner duty. on our campus to give life to a con- Naturally the spirit, of the mission sideration of foreign problems. Stu- has affected the community and espe- dents interest'3d in world problems cially its students and graduates. meet on Sundays between church and Working for the educational and dinner time and at each meeting a physical improvement of the entire foreign student tells about her coun- community enlists their enthusiastic try. This year the phases presented cooperation. Two schools modeled by the students included a brief aft,cr Ya-li and started by its gradu- sketch of the rise of the religion of ates have a joint enrolment of nearly t,he country, their contact with Chris- a thousand. Smaller schools, taught tianity, the changing position of by undergraduates, night schools, etc., women toward freedom as seen in which aid in city sanitation, in famine China and in the Near East, the edu- relief, and in many minor activities, eational situation, the Youth Move- are samples of Ya-li student by-pro- ments, and each country's place in ducts. international affairs. In this way we With the great enlargement. of the are informed as to the problems of t.he mission it has not been practicable nor day and each country is given similar wise to confine the staff to Yale grad- consideration.

uates. This is especially true in the This year we are working out a new Medical and Nurses' Training Schools, plan of House Discussion Groups that where a number of graduates from take the place of the Vorld Fellow- other institutions have been taken ship group once a month. The sub- into t,he mission. Yet an indirect re- jects for discussion have so far been sult of having somewhat more than 'Var and Peace, and Law Enforce- half the staff recruited from other ment. Girls who lead the discussions institutious, though supported by Yale, prepare themselves by reading and by is to carry the missionary interest instruction from some one of author- into those schools which have given ity- who conduct-s a small forum for the cream of their -graduates. The these leaders. At the House Discus- keynote of Yale in China is friendly sion groups everyone seems to have cooperation with Chinese and foreign- something to say and nothing is barred,

Bl:ST METHODS

even though it may be mere prejudice of books and magazines of missionary or opinion impossible to substantiate int.erest.

by facts or sound argument. The con- One weekly meeting of the Y. W.

structive part of the discussion comes C. A. each month is conducted as a when we t.ry to formulate the. various World Fellowship meeting. These views and to reach a conclusion on meetings have utilized a missionary which we can agree as the solution alumnus speaker, two Chinese stu- of the problem. On Monday morning dents, reports of the Indianapolis in chapel one of the leaders gives the Student Volunteer Convention, and a results of the discussion. playlet. Since Indianapolis, study This method develops and educates and discussion groups have been or- public opinion, which is a great ganized dealing with the problem of watchword for advance. To develop Race and the Christian Ideal.

public opinion we must have a knowl- The center of our efforts is the an- edge of the facts and then think the nual World Fellowship Week in problem through. The forum method November. This is one of the big seems t·o give an opportunity for ex- events of the college year. It is pression which will be the result of sponsored jointly by the Y. M. C. A.

thinking. To know how to handle the and Y. W. C. A. It was opened this problems which confront the present- year with a special vesper service on day generation of college students, we Sunday afternoon. For this and the must form habits of clear seeing and remainder of the week, t.he chapel was straight thinking. decorated with flags of many nations and with over one hundred posters.

WORLD FELLOWSHIP WEEK AT Sixty additional posters were used COE COLLEGE during the week in fraternity houses By ELIZABETH PATTON, CEDAR. RAPIDS, IOWA and in conspicuous places on the campus to advertise specific events Working with a student body of and to convey the spirit of the week. about 1,000, t.he aim of the World Fel- Most. of these were carefully planned lowship Department of the Coe Col- and prepared during the preceding lege Y. W. C. A. has been to inform summer. Illustrative material was oband interest regarding world condi- tained from magazines and missiontions and the responsibility of this ary picture sheets. Lettering and student generation for Christian captions were varied and ingenious. service. Our efforts during the past When World Fellowship Week was two years have been popular and com- over, the posters were used separately prehensive. as the basis for bulletin board dis- plays. It is our aim to have the idea of World Fellowship permeate all cam- Thc center of campus life being the pus thinking and activity. To keep it constantly in sight, a bulletin board women's dormitory, our ideas were has been conspicuously placed at the most fully expressed there. Each day chapel entrance and is kept up-to-date with clippings, illustrations, let.ters, of the week t.he girls were aroused photographs, curios, and other things to explore a new country. Instead of of world interest. the usual rising bell on Monday, they heard the South Sea tom toms, on Tuesday Alaskan sleighbells, on .A large map of the world hangs in Wednesday Mexican music, on Thurs- the main building. From the point day Egyptian cymbals, and on Friday marked Cedar Rapids, streamers, in Japanese chimes. Morning prayers, school colors, extend to all parts of the each day, dealt with these countries.

earth and bear tags on the end with 'rravel and mi8Sionary books of each the names of Coe's students at their land were on display, and the dinner respective stations in the foreign field. menus were based on typical dishes.

The committee cooperates with the Ii- For instance, on South Sea day we brary in the selection and advertising served: 4

Cannibal Stew turned missionaries, foreign boards, Kaffir Korn etc. A program of music, readings, Stewed roots (potatoes) folk dancing, and Oriental magic was Fruit of the bread tree given in the parlor. Then a glorified Tropical fruits grand march consisting of Indian file, Java coffee German goose step, Spanish fandan- Cocoanut milk. go, Dutch roll, etc., led to the large dining room below where games of There was appropriate music dur- many ·lands were played. Refreshing each meal; proverbs, conundrums, ments served consisted of Turkish or stoatistics of the respective countries coffee and Chinese tea, with round were passed arouud the tables; and cookies representing the world and favors were at each place. For the continents outlined with colored icing. South Sea Islands, these consisted of As a grand finale everyone bid everypeanut and tissue paper carrots; for one else good night by use of a circle A>laska, candy snowballs (sugar cov- handshake. ered filberts); for Mexico three inch bandanas; for Egypt, King Tut fig- Information, fun, friendship – these were all acquired in this experiures; for Japan, tiny fans. mental social function, which was On Monday evening, literary so- voted a distinct success. Expenses for this week's activities, and the work of cieties based their programs on the the committee for the whole year were romance of the South Sea Islands. met by a budget of $115. This in- cluded the contribution of both t·he 'l'uesday evening the chapel was Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. packed for the production of the pageant, "In the Light."* Last year The faculty cooperated during we gave "The Striking of America's World Fellowship Week by taking five minutes or more during each class Hour. "t The cast was composed of period for a discussion of the relation of their subject to world conditions representative students, many lands or to the missionary enterprise. being represented by their own nationals. Music was supplied by the Every morning during the week, regular vesper choir of one hundred and for several weeks preceding, the committee and a group of those intervoices. ested met for an informal prayer Wednesday and Thursday were circle. These were the power and in- spiration behind all that was accomgiven over to our special speaker. He plished and were the secret of our led a joint. Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. meeting Wednesday morning, success. spoke at regular chapel exercises Thursday morning, to mixed audi- A WORLD MAP AT MONTANA ences Wednesday and Thursday evenings, to the .Student Valunteer UNIVERSITY groups and to both "Y" cabinets. The By MAUDE GWINN, Student Secretary remainder of' his time was filled with The idea of using a world map for missionary educlltion presented itself individual conferences. to us in an interview between a visit- On Friday night the climax of the ing Student Volunteer secretary and our Y. W. C. A. World Fellowship week came in the form of a Merry- chairman. The linen map became a Go – Round – the- World All- College part. of our equipment, but lay un- Party at which the foreign students used until we conceived the idea of were honor guests. In the parlor of making it an alumni chart. The apthe quadrangle were five exhibit proaching Homecoming Day, the time booths-one for each country we had when many former students would be used during the week. These dis- returning for a visit, gave us the played curios, pictures, books, etc., and needed inspiration. were presided over by students in costume. Material for these booths was obtained from local museums, re- ·Wf'man's Press. 600 Lexington Avenue, New York City. 50 cents.

tLiterature Headquarters, 123 Muhlenburg Building, Philadelphia, Pa. 20 cents.

BEST METHODS

First we secured from the regis- MISSION STUDY AT VASSAR trar's office the names of former Mon- MARGARET CRUTCHFIELD tana University students living and I should place very near the top of working outeide the United States. the list of words misunderstood by The map was then placed on a iarge students and faculty today the two bulletin board in the Administration words, missions and missionary. The Building. The letter M attached placid ignorance concerning their firmly to a pin marked on the map the real significance is awe-inspiring. Too location of the university. Many often, however, we mission devotees threads of green string stretched spend our energy in combatting this themselves from t,he pin on the M to ignorance instead of in supplanting the various locations, and at the end it by knowledge, and the not surprisof each of these was a small piece of ing result is either passive acknowlpaper containing a number. At the bottom of the map we placed the in- edgment of the ignorance or positive dex, with names corresponding to the antagonism to the missionary project. numbers. After each name was the maHing address and the vocation; and A very frank facing of these facs just, beneath the index sheet was a note led to our evolving a new plan this asking for any new names or addresses year. We decided to lay our whole which visiting 'grads' might know. emphasis on the idea "ye shall know The registrar's list was incomplete. the truth," and to base whatever work Our efforts were rewarded by receiv- we did on an acknowledgment of the ing 80me wanting addresses. fact t,hat at present we did not know the truth about peoples in other coun- The map received write-ups with tries–how they lived, what they sizable headlines in both the universil y thought, how they felt, what their personalities were. Our aim was to and the city papers, and the fact that learn the trut,h about these peoples no organization was mentioned as itlS and then, considering them as people sponsor helped us feel that the articles were spontaneous. We had reason to as well as facts, to discuss presentbelieve that many people were at- day conditions-how satisfactory or unsatisfactory they were and what was tracted to the map, little suspecting, being done about them. Missions perhaps, that t,hey were being made were to be studied and discussed "victims" of missionary education, thoroughly and honestly and in so far Another piece of indirect education as they threw light on our subject, took form through the avenue of a THE TRUTH.

Japanese tea-a venture which is by Last spring we drew up a list of no means unique, of course. But this nine countries (we didn't dare tackle • was a silver-tea, reception, and sale more)-China, Japan, India, Syria, combined. It was held in the home Persia, Egypt, Africa, Latin Amer- of an advisory member, where the ica, and the United States-and se- guests 'Yeregreet.ed and served by cured the titles of three books dealing kimono-clad figures, ushered into with each country: one, a general lantern-hung rooms, refreshed by tea, survey of the count,ry by an author entertained with Japanese music, and unconnected with mission activities; introduced finally to the Japanese two, a general survey of the country shop. The contents of the shop- by an author connected with mission kimonos, incense, lamp-shades, silk activities; three, a biography of the slippers, paper knives, and what-not, finest missionary who had gone to the were secured from a Japanese store in country, Next we mentally surveyed a distant city and sold on a commis- the various groups of girls on campus sion basis. Our guests, who came t,:> and listed possible ,leaders in each be sociable and to contribute to our group, keeping a weather eye for such treasury, had no suspicion that -they characteristics as personal enthusiasm, were being educated Japan-ward, quiet persistence, and genuine fair-

milldedness. After this we made a up-to-date list of articles, chapters personal call on each of these girls, and pages from books that bear on frankly explained our program, and your subjects, so you can hand out asked her to help us in putting it pieces of reading requiring from fif- across by choosing from our listed teen minutes to several hours. Study countries the one she'd like to make Harrison Elliott's pamphlet, "The the subject of a study and discussion Why and How of Group Discussion."

group for the following year. The Always include our own country three books on her list were to be read among those studied. We need it.

during the summer and the leader Such a program means hard and was to select the particular phase that alert work but it is wonderful fun. interested her most. And any number of failures and dis- appointmentoS are balanced when your The astonishment of most of the atheist tells you with a grin that this girls to whom this proposal was made is the most fascinating thing she's was delightfully. funny. Some told us they didn't think they believed in done since she's been in college. missions. One said that she was an atheist. We responded that we did HOW SOUTHERN BAPTISTS MEET believe in both missions and God, and STUDENT OPPORTUNITY tbat what we were trying to do was t·o get at the truth and face it. We had By JULIET MATHER some refusals but eventually we got "Miss College Girl is just. home but our nine leaders and, since they repre- she doesn't take hold of things in our sented nearly every hall in college, we church at all." Often the comment introduced curiosity into many un- is far too true regarding splendid, expected quarters. talented young people who have re- The second week after college turned for summer vacation or come opened, signing up posters (ten in a back at the end of four years with row make a startling array), explana- diplomas ready to be framed. South- tory talks in the halls, and endless ern Baptist women some years ago personal telling about it to individ- carne to the conclusion that one rea~on uals, won members for our groups. the college student did not take hold They meet for one hour every week. of church activities upon returning Weare now trying the experiment of home was that the church had not having all the groups meet together kept hold during the months or years every fourth week to discuss some big of absence. Accordingly the Woman '8 subject like "The Effect of Western Missionary Union appointed a young Industrialism on the East," or "The woman to be College Correspondent, Position of Women in the East and the serving a~ the connecting link be- West," or "What Have Missions Ac- tween college girl and home church complished," each group throwing interests. In the natural development light on the subject from its partic- of this tie, it came about that Young ular country. We have speakers for Woman's Auxiliary, the missionary t.hese meetings when we can get them organizat.ion for young women in and always have a question period. Southern Baptist churches, was trans- It is essential to call frequent lead- planted to the college campus, quali- ers' meetings, for many mistakes are fied in name by the term College made and the leaders are bound to get Y. W. A, and transformed in plans discovered that people are interested, and programs to fit campus life. In making each mistake teach us what practically every Baptist school and not to do, and our successes how to in many state institutions t.here are push ahead, we are learning. We have now College Y. W. A.'s, while every discovered that people are interest·ed state has her College Correspondent in proportion as they get at the facts to visit each college or academy at themselves, but it has to be made easy least once a year. A College Y. W. A.

for them to get at the facts. Keep an Bulletin is sent out bi-monthly from

BEST METHODS

W. M. U. headquarters in Birrning- plans, a week each for stat'e, home and ham, Alabama, containing program foreign missions. College girls are enoutlines, method suggest,ions, ideas couraged to give a tithe of their allowfor socials and friendly frolics, bul- ance as good stewards and the study of letin board items of interest, all of Dr. Agar's "Stewardship of Life,"

which eager committees seize upon one of the required books on the Y. and put to good use. Programs for W. A. mission study certificate, has the term ]923-24 have included four kindled much real sense of honest series so that the Y. W. A. 's meeting stewardship. weekly are provided for. One series Southern Baptist. interests in colhI a study of great women of today, lege students are not limited to Young another discussions of religious be- Woman's Auxiliaries but organized liefs from the standpoint of the college Sunday-school classes and Unions are young woman; a third series includes fostered under the various auspices special occasions like Easter, Thanks- whirh have been lately headed up in giving, Mother's Day and suggests the Inter-Board Commission on Stupractical ways and means for taking dent Religious Activities. .As its name hold by leading young people's or- implies, this Commission is composed ganizations in the local churches upon of representat,ives from each of the return home. '1'he fourth series is Boards of the convention interested in mISSIOnary in nature, presenting the training of young people and the young womanhood of the different Woman's Missionary Union. This countries where we have mission work. Commission has held three splendid In so far as possible, College Y. W. conferences in this college year for A.'s observe the three special seasons students from our western, central and of prayer anticipated in W. M. U. sea·board states.

If AMERICA WERE CHINA- SOUTH CAR~UNA W~ijlD HAVE ON[ DOCT~R NORTH ~~ SOUTH CAROLINA ONE H~SPITAU BODIES WITHOUT CURE SOULS WITHOUT CHRIST A STUDENT POSTER EXHIBITED AT THE JNDIANAPOLIS CONVENTION

Woman's Foreign Mission

Editorial Committee: MRS. E. H. SILVERTHORN, ALICE M. KYI,E, GERTRUDE SCHULTZ STATUS OF WOMEN IN CHURCH were deaconesses like Phcebe; there By MRs. CHARLES K. Roys were women who like Chloe and Lydia Foreign Secretary. Board of Foreign Missions opened their homes for church servof the Presbyterian Churcb, U. B. A. ices.

As a background to any discussion There seems the clearest evidence of the present, position of woman in of spiritual equality between the wom- the Chur~h, it is illuminating to look en and men disciples in those early into the place she held in the early days. Women shared in the experi- Church. Women are mentioned in ence of Pentecost and in persecutions; the gospels twenty-six times. There they shared in service; they prophwere Jesus' relatives, His disciples' esied, prayed and taught and were relatives, His women disciples who active in t,heir roles as deaconesses. It joined His band in Galilee, came with would seem not easy to reconcile some Him to Jerusalem, watched His cruci- of the apostolic teachings with fixion, and were the first t,o greet Him Christ's attitude about the position of after He was risen. women. Although Paul said clearly , Christ's attitude toward woman has that "men and women are equal in a vital bearing on the position she Christ" and Peter said, "men and should hold in the modern Church. women are joint heirs of grace, " both Many of His parables seem to have apostles insist on an inferior position been especially intended for the wom- for women, due doubtless to the spirit en in His audiences. Some of His of the age and to the social usages of most wonderful teachings were ad- a pagan society which could not with dressed directly to women, as indi- impunity be outraged. Social condicated in His talk with the woman of tions may have been different in Pales- Samaria and with Martha at the tine. At any rate, Christ accepted resurrection of Lazarus. Miss Royden women freely and talked with them in has said that the story of the Prodigal public. never indicating at any point Son was preserved for us because a that He considered them inferior to woman heard it and collaborated with men.

Luke in writ,ing those last chapters of In the cal,lv Church one finds wom- his gospel. en active as "deacouesRes, ministering It is assuredly true that Christ ac- to the sick and forming the earliest order of women in connection wit,h cepted women as disciples and re- the Church in the Roman Empire. It vealed Himself to them, sending them, is difficult to overstate the influence forth as His messengers. It is impos- women exercised in the early Church sible to find evidence that Christ sug- (IS wives and mothers. The lives ot gested at any point the inferiority of St. Helena and Monica furnish ample woman or her inabilit>y to reveal Him illustrations of this. Women were truly to the world. among the martyrs in the early Church. Turning to the Acts and Epistles for light on the position of women in the Apostolic Church, we find women Running down through the Medieoften mentioned. There were the val Church, we .find abbesses takinl? women apostles whom Saul perse· the place in the monastic system of cuted; there were women who proph- deaconesses, some of those abbesses esied, as for example, the four daugh- even ruling over houses of men as well tel'S of the evangelist Philip; therp as women. They presided at impor- 382 tant Cburcb Synods, exercising the Baptist (North) ……………. 5 power of a Bishop. After the Ref- Nazarenes …………………. 350 ormation we find women in the Protes- Unitarian …………………. 14 tant Church in Europe raised to a The Universalist, the Christian Scihigb level of service. The earliest entist, the United Evangelical and Protestant. group, the Waldensians., Christian churches also have women allowed women to preach. The Society preachers, In the Methodist Church of Friends from the very beginning women may preach but may not adgave this position to women. The minister the sacraments, There is an early Methodist Church licensed a few International Association of Women Preachers with over one thousand women to preach as local supplies. ID the Colonial Church in America members. In conclusion, it would seem that women preachers had a trying time. women have had a place of service in the Church from the very beginning, The stories of the expelling of Anne but t.he opportunities for leadership HutchinsOin and; two !othep w~m.en Quaker preachers illustrate the diffi- have been somewhat limited when one compares the activities of other orculty of those days. The early Con- ganizations, such as federated womgregational Church in New England en's clubs, political organizations, had an order called "The Church patriotic, and fraternal associations. Widows" (later renamed "Deacon- The Christian Church owes much esses"). For membership in this to the Young Women's Christian As- Order It woman had to be at least sixty sociation, which in fort~ different years old, "rugged physically, full of countries, with work among all kinds tact, refined in nature." Lutherans and conditions of women, has given and the Protestant Episcopal Church most valuable training for leadership. also organized deaconesses. Several outstanding leaders of the younger generation in the Church to- Turning to the Church t.oday one day owe their first training to the finds, in addition to deaconesses, that Young Women's Christian Associawomen are filling important positions tion. as pastors' assistants and as religious education directors. They have long Turning to the Orient, one finds been leaders in the organized benevo- that, just as the Civil War gave Amerlences of the Church from the time ican women the great incentive to selfwhen II The Boston Female Society expression, so the World War has in for Missionary Purposes" was organ- Oriental countries stirred the women ized in 1800 and II The Female Cent Institute" in New Hampshire which to new activities. Japanese women was organized in 1804 on the principle are dealing courageously with vice and of one cent per week for missions. liquor questions. Four states in India Women have also had a place in have given the ballot to women. The the authoritative councils of the part of women in Korea in the revo- Church. Frances Willard was the first woman appointed as a delegate to lution is well known. In China, the Central Conference of the North- women are breaking away from the ern Methodist. Church. It is interest- three Confucian obediences enjoined ing to note, however, that she was re- on women and are wishing to play fused her seat because it was "uncon- their part in the world, doing their stitutional. " work with the men on the principle -"equal work for equal pay." The number of women preachers in A new dav has dawned for the various denominations is indicated by women of the" Orient.. 'Christian misthe following table: siom; are largely responsible for this Brethren ………………….. 10 day. The Church should give its best thought to directing and conserving Congregat.ional . . . . . . . . . . . 20 the potential powers of the woman- hood of the Orient. That this to Disciples ………………….. 2 Seventh Day Adventists ……… 1 Cumberl8Jld Preshyterian .,."". :l5

some extent is being accomplished is highly receptive and dynamic group evidenced by the facto that women are of men and women students-facing having a voice and influence in the courageously the campus problems as councils of the national churches. At they later would those of the larger the National Christian Conference in world. They saw with clearer vision Shanghai in 1922 women nationals a world in which t.he Christ way of spoke, sened on commissions, were life was free to express itself-the elected to the National Council of effect on questions of inter-racial im- China. Here again one finds that the port and the settlement of interna- Young Women's Christian Associa- tional difficulties. tion has been in the lead, electing in several cases nat,ional women to posi- Over in Vellore they have had a tions of directorship of the work as a "baby show." Perhaps fifty babies whole. would be brought, a municipal official thought. Dr. Scudder and her asso- Looking into the future, three ciates thought the number would be things seem evident: larger. Five hundred babies came with more than three times that many (1) The Church must give leader- admiring relatives. The prize baby ship and real power to younger wom- was the son of a Brahmin widow. You en if it is to hold them in the face of can imagine the lessons that were their other opportunities for leader- driven home that day. ship. Of course you see the connection (2) The Orient seems t,o be moving between the girl in the preparatory more rapid,ly in this direction than school, t.he student in college and the is the West.· The graduates of our educational value of a "baby show" mission colleges seem quite naturally in Vellore-or any other place where to be assuming the leadership in the your representatives and mine are at Church for which their training so work. well fits them. We shall be meeting this summer (3) 'Without question a place will in more than fifteen centers to discuss in the fut.ure be given to women on the prog;ram of the Christian enterthe highest councils of the Church. prise throughout the world. Our In- May this come about, not because of dianapolis! Will our potential leadany feminist outburst on the part of ers be there 1 Will the members of the women themselves, but because our women's boards realize the rewomen have a real contribution to markable opportunity it is to touch make. The task of the Christ-ian and know the constituency, that their Church today, as never before in its planning for it may be most intelhistory, calls for the very best think- ligently done? Will our interdenomi- "ing of men and women together. national relationships be emphasized? Will the program be intensive and Much· of the material on "The Status ot conclusive 1 Will there be abundant Women in the Church" has been suggested by opportunity for informal but stimula. the Syllabus prepared for summer conferences ting discussion of the great questions by Miss Clarissa Spenc-cr. of the Young Women's that Christianity is facing today f Christian Associatjon. Will there be time for meditation t,hat the message of the Christ may be "TO ~E ALIVE IN SUCH AN AGE!" heard' MARY PEACOCK INSTITUTE FOR A CHRISTIAN They discussed it recently at their annual ,et-together – a delightful BASIS OF WORLD RELATIONS, group 0 preparatory school girlswhat they meant by "such" an age, VASSAR COLLEGE. JUNE what it means ttO be "alive," what their contads with school and the 14 to 20, 1924 world would mean. A conference of women is being ar- Nearly seven thousand of them ranged by Vassar College to consider came away from Indianapolis – a

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

the problems which face America stewardship. After all expenses were today. Many are searching for the paid a balance of $700 was divided way towards peace. Diplomacy, state- between three interdenominational craft, international law, education, causes. all have their contribution to make in the solution of world problems. This This year's faculty was an espegroup, however, will face the present cially strong and attract·ive one. Mrs. int.ernational situation from the re- Bascom Copenhaver of Marion, Virligious approach and will endeavor to ginia, Chairman of English, Marion discover the especial responsibility of College, and author, taught, "The women, if any, in the great task of making world relations more Chris- Debt Eternal"; Mrs. E. C. Cronk of tian. Philadelphia, Pa., "Creative Forces in Japan"; Mrs. Margaret T. Russell, With the principles of brotherhood Mobile, Alabama, Bible Class. Mrs. and the worth of human personality Henry W. Peabody presented Law as a common bond, the members of Enforcement, the importance of this Institute will examine those issues and situations which not only are training boys and girls and The of vital concern to the future of re- World Federation of Christian Womligion in this and other countries, but en. Dr. Henry W. Meyers, who has which threaten all those forces which been a missionary in Kobe, Japan, for are endeavoring to establish better relationships' between people and na- 25 years under the Presbyterian tions. An effort will be made to get Church, South, gave an address. at the facts of each situation and to that end men and women will be pres- Five hundred and two registered ent to give authoritative information at the Deland School of Missions with as a contribution to the discussions. fifteen denominations represented. Particular attention will be given to Mrs. Charles Rowe Vickery of Sy.rathose situations which involve the euse, New York, taught "Creative missionary enterprise at home and Forres in Japan," and Mrs. S. P. abroad. The lectures, forums and Irwin of Charlottesville, Va., "The discussions will be planned to the end Child and America's Future." that the women present may see channels open, both through organized re- It is impossible to estimate the inligious bodies and secular agencies, to fluence of such schools with thousands work for a finer and better world. In of books, magaznes and leaflets put inthis way the unity of the missionary to circulation and delegates who reenterprise as one aspect of the whole turn to their work with information, endeavor towards international co- inspiration and an enthusiastic desire operation can be fully sensed. and determination for greater service.

TWO UNUSUAL WINTER CON- INTERDEN01!INATIONAL SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS FERENCES 19S4 St. Petersburg boasts this year of 1. California, Los Angeles …… Jnne 2-6 having the largest school in the United States; 33 states, 7 countries, 2. California, Mt. Hermon ….. July 5·12 and 31 denominations were repre- 3. Colorado, Boulder •……. June 18-26 sented, with a registration of 1,663. Their other achievement was the 4. Floridn, Deland …………. Feb. 3-8 largest offering for one cause ever taken in that city which was $4,155 5. Florida, St. Petersburg .. Jan. 27-Feb. 1 for the Nea.r East Relief, in response to a talk given by Mrs. R. S. Emrich 6. Illinois, Dixon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aug. 4-9 who was also giving a course on 7. Illinois·Missouri, Greenville.June 24-28 8. Indiana, Winona Lake .. _.. Jnne 16'·23 9. Louisiana, New Orleans …. Nov. 10-14 10. Massachusetts. Northfield … July 14.-22 11. Maryland, Mt. Lake Park. July 28-Aug. 4 12. Maryland, Baltimore … Oct. .2J8~e299-3130 13. Minnesotll, Minueapolis ….

14. Ne~ York, Chautauqua …. Aug. 17-23 lIi. OhIO, Bethesda …… 2d week in Aug.

16. Oklahoma, Oklahoma City … June 9-13 17. Penna., Chambersburg.. June 27-July 5 18. Texas, Dallas ……… Sept. 28·0ct. 3 19. Texas, Houston ……….._. Oct. 6-10 20. Texas, Kerrville . . . . . . . July 27·Aug. 1 21. Wisconsin, Lake Geneva …. June 23·30 EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVl<:., NEW YORK STUDENT WORK secretaries, and all such secretaries From the report of the Committee for 1923, were asked to present the work among ELINOR K. PURVES, (Jhad",man migrants whenever possible, and to The Committee on Student Work explain to student groups how they has two definitoe responsibilities: first, that of presenting the work among could help, and what was desired of farm and cannery migrants to c?lle.ge students, asking them to share m .ltS them. The cooperation of these ,secresupport; second, that of representmg home mission interests in the Feder- taries in this work has been very great ated St,udent Committee. Its members also serve as the women members of and t,hrough their efforts many colthe Committee on Recruiting the Home Mission Force. leges have become interested, and The aim of the committee was to many college students have offere~ find a way to reach college students with the story of the work among their services as workers at the mImigrant groups, and to solicit. student gifts. To this end, letters were sent grant stations. The work among to the Deans of interdenominational women's colleges throughout the migrants has ope.ned up !l new opP.or- United States, and to the Deans of Women at co-educat,ional colleges and tunity for serVIce durmg vacatIOn universities, asking them to take to the groups in the various colleges months and six times as many stuwhich would be most interested, the information about migrant work, and dents offered to do this work as could the request for its support. These letters brought in many and most en- possibly be .used. couraging replies. Letters also went to the Headmistresses of preparatory The number of student groups sendschools. In colleges from which no replies came, letters were sent to the ing contributions in 1923 consisted of Presidents, and the answers from Deans and Presidents showed a real seven colleges and one preparatory interest in the work, and a desire to cooperat,e, though many wrote that school, a small number indeed, but a college budgets were a;lready overcrowded, and there could be no prom- good beginning, an indication of the ise of a contribution. very genuine interest aroused. Some Literature on migrant work was sent to the President of each student colleges promised to put this wo~k on Young Women's Christian .Association with the request that t,hIS be put their budgets for the next year, and upon the college bulletin board, and the attention of the students be drawn many more wrote that they hoped to to it. be able to do something in the future.

The amount raised from students for the summer of 1923 was $221.17.

The work among migrants was pre- sented at the six student conferences of the Young Women's Christian As- sociation held during the summer mont.hs, this being done both through the denominational meetings at the acot nfmeroernecegs~nearnadl, whenever possible, meetings. Posters prepared by the Council and end?rsed by the Federated Student CommIttee, were used at t,hese conferences and were put in conspicuous places, caus- ing most favorable comment. The student secretaries report that all mi- grant literature was speedily and eagerly taken by the students, anq that much interest, was manifested.

Federated Student Committee Another avenue of approach was The Federated Student Committee through the denominat.ional student holds foul' meetings a year, taking up 386 at these meetings those matters which be successful must be planned far in are of common interest to the various advance, must be made only upon the groups represent<ed on the committee, request of t,he students, backed by the and bringing matters which are the Young Women's Christian Associa- special concern of the several groups tion and the local student pastors, to the attention of the other groups, and there must be a definite program all groups represented being those worked out before the team arrives.

which do some sort of religious work Team vi!>its have given to Church among women students. By its own Board student secretaries an entrance definition thel<'ederated Student Com- into some colleges hit,herto closed to mittee "is an informal group for con- denominational efforts, but now will- sultation and cooperation in religious ing to have such visits if the work of work among women students." The the whole Church and all branches of constituent bodies making up t,he Fed- the Church can be presented to the erated Student Committee are: students at one given time, and ]'ederation of Woman's Boards of through a united effort of the various denominat,ions represented on the Foreign Missions, Council of Women for Home Mis- campus.

sions, The Federated Student Committee Council of Church Boards of Edu- has been instrumental in working out cation, a closer cooperation between the Young Women's Christian Associa- Church Board representatives and the tions, . Young Women's Christian Association Student Volunteer Movement for at student summer conferences, and Foreign Missions, during. the past. year the representa- Student Fellowship for Christian tives of the Boards have been given a Life-Service. larger share than ever before in the The departments of these organiza- program and management of these tions having to do with work among conferences, at some serving on the women students are responsible for Executive Council of the conference, appointing their representatives on at others acting as leaders of Bible the Federated Student Committee. discussion groups in addition to their By this arrangement, the Committee regular t-ask of presenting the work of on Student. Work of the Council auto- the Church at home and abroad to the matically becomes responsible for rep- students of the various denominations. resenting the interests of the Council At each conference the group of on the Federated Student Committee, church representatives drew up Findand its members are the representa- ings on the program of the conference, and, especially on the place given to tives from the CounciL the Church in that program. These Visits bv teams of denominational Findings will form the basis for sugst,udent se~retaries to interdenomina- gest,ions as to future conferences. The tional colleges is one definite line of Federated Student Committee is inact.ivity of the Federated Committee terested in the presentation of the which has grown rapidly. During the work among migrant groups to college college year 1922-1923, > team visits students, and endorsed the plans for were made to twenty-four colleges, covering all parts of the country and pUblicity at student summer conferall varieties of interdenominational > ences. inst,itutions. Some of these visits were The year was marked by real advery successful, much depending upon vance in cooperat,ive work among stuthe preparation made for the visit by dents on the part of the agencies the college, and upon the cooperation engaged in religious work on the of local pastors, and the Young Wom- campus, and your Committee feels en's Christian Association. Experi- that a large part of this has been due ence has shown that team visits to to the efforts of the Federated Student

Committee which brings together in SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS fellowship the Mission Boards of the Affiliated with the Couneil of Women for Church, the Boards of Education, and Home MiBsions the three great student movements, all DATES AND CHAIRMEN FOR 1924 of which have their part to play in Bethesda, Ohio-Second week in AugtIst- Miss Mary 1. Scott, 310 Tomlinson Ave., the Christian life of the colleges. Moundsville, West Virginia.

RECRUITING HOME MISSIONS Boulder, Colorado-June 18·26-Mrs. Albert A. ltteil, 670 Marion Street, Denver, Colo. From the report of the Committee for 1923. Florence G. Tyler. Chairman. Dallas, Texas-Sept. 28·0ct. 3-Mrs. L. P. Smith, 3319 Drexel Drive, Dallas, Texas. There are at the present time a number of groups which are studying Dallas, Texas (Negro)-Sept. 28·0et. 3the personnel needs of the Home Mis- Mrs. C. R. Boswell, 1719 Allen St., Dallas, Texas.

sion fields, the various denominational De Land, Florida-Feb. 4-9-Mrs. John W. policies of recruiting and the possi- Smock, 320 N. Boulevard, De Land, Fla. bilities of standardization. Among these groups are the committee ap- Houston, Texa.s-Oct. 6·IO-Mrs. J. E. Tol· man, 3210 Chenevert St., Houston, Texas. Illinois·Mi.<:souri-June 24·28-Mrs. J. D.

pointed by the Consultative Commit- Bragg, 638 Oakwood Ave., Webster tee of interdenominational al!encies Groves, Mo. to study the problem of Recruiting for Lake Geneva, Wiscon.~in-June 23-30-Mrs. Christian Life-Service, the Federated C. W. Peterson, 11132 S. Hoyne Ave., Ohicago, Ill.

Student Committee, the Student Fel- Minnesota (Min1teapolis·S't. Pauly-June 9· lowship for Christian Life-Service, 14-Mrs. J. F. Marlatte, 419 Newton Ave., North, MinneapoliB, Minn. the Council. of Christian Associations, Mt. Hermon, California–July 5·12-Mrs. and the Committee on Standardiza- Paul Raymond, 90 Santa Monica Way, San Franeisco, Cal. tion of Home Missionary Service. The M01J!ntain Lake Park, Md.-July 28·Aug. 4 Committee on Recruiting the Home Mission Force, through its members, -Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff, Allendale, N. J. has kept in close touch with these New Orleans, Louisiana-Nov. 10·14-Mrs. D. Beach Carre, 44 Audubon Blvd., New groups and it is hoped that the con- Orleans, I.Ja.. clusions arrived at by all these groups' Northfield, East Nryrthfield, MassachusettS'- will be made available for all the de- July 7·14-Mrs. T. Raymond St. John, nominational committees and secre- 341 Webster Ave., Long Island City, N. Y.

taries who are struggling with the Oklahoma City, Oklahoma-June 9·13-MrB. Frank Hampton Fox, 1946 W. Park, Okla· problems of recruiting. The problems of recruiting on the college campus homa City, Okla. St. Petersburg, Florida,-.Tan. 27·Feb. 1, 1924 are of the deepest interest and must -Mrs. G. W. Cooper, 250 Fifth Ave., N., be worked out in the closest coopera- St. Petersburg, Fla. South6'1'n Ca-lifornia (Los Angeles)-June 2· tion. Your Committee believes in the fu- 6-Mrs. Q. J. Rowley, 181 S. Virgil St., Los Angeles, Cal. ture and the usefulness of the Student Wilson CoiCege, GhambersfJurg, Pennsylvania -June 27·July 5-Miss Mru-y C. Peacock, Fellowship for Christian Life-Service. The Chairman attended the meeting Torresdale, Pa. Winona LaJce, lnaia,na,-June 16·23-Mrs. C. of the Executive Committee of the Student Fellowship which was held at W. Peterson, 11132 S. Hoyne Ave., Chi· cago, Ill.

Lake Geneva in September and was Home Missions Institute deeply impressed by the earnestness of the group and the genuine ability DATE AND CHAIRMAN FOR 1924 with which they laid their plans for Chautauq'ua, New York-August 9-15-Mrs.

the year's work. John Ferguson, 156 Fifth Ave., New York.

N. Y.

IN THE SECRET OF HIS PRESENCE Would you like to know the sweetness of the secret of the Lord 1 Go and hide beneath His shadow; this shall then be your reward. ' And whene 'er you leave the silence of that happy meeting place, You must mind and bear the image of the Master in your face.

-Ellen Lakshmi Goreh.

FROM l1rANY

GENERAL also from Ceylon, India, Egypt and Money for Luxuries Syria. Speakers from all these coun- ASTRIKING contrast between life tries will participate in the program. in India and in the United States The general theme of the convenis drawn by The King's BusinflSs, which quotes figures that show first, tion is "Jesus Christ for the Healing that 40,000,000 of India's people of the Nations." Two full days will never know what it means to be satis- be devoted to a conference of officials, fied with food, and a large proportion including officers of the World's Sunof the families are maintained on an day School Association, national or income not exceeding five dollars per internat,ional Sunday-school associamonth, many large families existing tions and their auxiliaries, and deon a much smaller amount, and sec- nominational or inte.rdenominational ond, the expenditures of the Amer- missionary Sunday-school boards or councils.

ican people for luxuries in 1919. For How Native Christians Give cigars and cigarettes $1,310,000,000 REPLYING to the question some7 was spent, and $150,000,000 for cos- times asked by those not familiar metics and perfume. The outlay for automobiles amounted to $2,000,000,- with actual conditions on the mission 000, and $250,000,000 for phono- field, "Isn't it time the nat,ives gave graphs and pianos. (Statistics available elsewhere, based on the 1921 tax something themselves 1" the Amerreceipts, show larger figures for all ican Board of Commissioners for Forthese items.) The article concludes: eign Missions makes the following "It is decidedly against God'8 plan statement about the native Congregathat one nation squander billions in tional churches in the countries where luxuries, while millions of people a it is at wo;rk: "More than one third few thousand miles away, go to bed of India's people earn only one cent every night hungry for the lack of a a day. Grown men say, 'I wouldn't care if I could get one good meal in little of the coarsest food. He who two days.' A' good meal' means only notices the fall of the sparrows also a quantity of black, coarse bread, yet has a record of every misspent dollar. " the native Christians in our fields there gave $37,000 last year. Native Glasgow S. S. Oonvention Christians in China contributed $57,- 000, where labor averages twent'y-five DELEGATES from many parts of cents a day, Japanese Christians as- the world have registered for the sociated with us gave $180,000. The Ninth Convention of the World's Sun- members of the church in Kusaie, one day School Association which will of the Caroline Island group, sent the meet in Glasgow, Scotland, June 18th- Board $400 last August. Their mis- 26th. National Associations are co- sionaries, the Baldwin sisters, brought operating to secure the athendance of to their attention the acutoe need of Sunday-school leaders in thei;r respec- the Board, Poor, pitifully poor, tive countries. The quota of delegates though those natives are, of their own assigned to the United States and will they made the gift. Miss Eliza- Canada is 2.000. The Orient is show- beth Baldwin wrote,' Some of our dear ing great in'terest and many delegates girls said to me as they put t'heir expect t·o attend from the Philippine small offerings into my hand, "It is Islands, China, Korea and Japan; aU that I have." , "

389

Jewish Testimony in Jewish Work tianity report larger results than for- merly.-Christian Century. H ERMAN NEWMARK of London writes in The Scattered Nation Seventh-Day Adventists of the changed attitude of many Jews to Jesus. He says: "There are lead- THE sixtieth annual statistical reing .Jews, for instance, Claude Monte- port of the Seventh-Day Adventist flare in London, who are deliberately denomination shows that their work telling the Jewish nation that what is now conducted in 11~ countries, by they have heard from their infancy 8 division conferences, 55 union conconcerning Christ if! a lot of lies. ferences, comprising 143 local confer- This has placed a weapon in our hands ences, and 153 mission fields, operating particularly in the open-air work. among a population aggregating The Jews who live in London may not 1,479,117,476, and employing 14,389 come into the mission halls, but, thank evangelistic and institutional laborers, God, they do stand around in the open who are using in their work 194 lanair and give their attention! Only guages (publications being issued in ten years ago I was walking past the 114) . Connected with the movement open-air meetings and sneered, but are 224 instit.utions, representing, to- Jews today, like myself, are listening, gether with conference organizations and we have a wonderful opportunity and 1,834 church buildings, a total inof starting with Christ. We can say vestment (for 1921) of $34,196,049.15, to them now that the leading intel- and an aggregate annual income for lectual Jews" are on our side concern- both evangelistic and institutional ing the person of the Lord Jesus work of $28,620,315.93. Christ. They insist that he was the greatest prophet that ever lived. We NORTH AMERIOA start there, and then we carryon: 'If that is true, then a prophet brings Present .Day Mormonism God's message and does not tell lies; therefore Christ must be what he said UTAH Mormonism dedicated, on he was, and he is more than a August 26, 1923, its temple in prophet.' " Cardston, Alberta, Can., which has been under construction for several World Facts about .Jews years, and cost over $780,000. The description of the building in a Cana- THE American Jewish Yea.r Book, dian newspaper includes rooms simi- which was issued recently, gives lar to those in the Salt Lake City the Jewish population of the world temple, which are used for various as 15,500,000. Two thirds of the Jews secret ceremonies. One Mormon ;rite live in Europe, and almost a quarter is "baptism for the dead, the theory of them in North America. The great- being that some relative here must be est Jewish citv in the world is New 'baptized' in behalf of one who died York, with (643,112. Chicago has without being 'baptized' by a Mormon 225,000, Philadelphia 200,000 and 'elder' or the dead person can never Boston 77,500. In Europe, Jews are get to heaven." most numerous in Poland and Ukraine. Germany, France, Great Britain A writer in The Christian Statesand Turkey follow in numerical man says: order. Since the British occupation of Palestine, 27,000 Jews have gone "If you were to visit Mormon churches there. Great hopes of a Jewish state for a year, you would find that the chief under British control have been enter- fador in the Mormon address is a boast of tained, but these plan~ are meeting the superior quality of the Mormons themwith serious difficult.ies. In the Unit- selves. Pancy such a thing in an evaned States, organizations concerned gelical church-the pastor occupying four with the conversion of Jews to Chris- fifths of his time in telling his congregation what great fellows they are in the world I But what would disgust Christians is in- tensely satisfying to Mormons. Associated with the boast is the reprehension of the rest of the world because it misunderstands and persecutes Mormonism and Mormons."

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Especially effective wo.rk in im- the eight,een Lutheran groups of 2,- pressing upon young Mormons that 465,841 ; the nine Presbyterian de- t,here is some worth in the world out- nominations of 2,462,557; the two side Mormonism is being done, this bodies of Disciples of 1,621,203, and writer states, by Westminster College the two branches of the Protestant and the Utah Gospel Mission. Episcopal Church of 1,140,076. The Catholics in fellowship with the Club for Reformed "Crooks" Church of Rome a;re estimated to have NEW YORK newspapers in March 15,750,260 communicants. The great- reported the third annual dinner est. gain in membership was made in of "the Marshall Stillman movement the Baptist group. In some bodies, for reclaiming members of the under- notably the Methodist Episcopal, there world." Among those present were are now more additions to the memjudges, prosecutors, publishers and bership outside than within the industrial leaders, as well as former United States.

highwaymen, burgla;rs and pickpock- ets who had been brought. back to hon- The South a Mission Field est pursuits through the efforts of REV. RALEIGH WRIGHT, D.D., of the Southern Bapt,ist Conven- Alpheus Geer, president and origina.- tor of the movement. Plans were tsihoon~ assembles some striking facts to the work that lies before the announced for increasing the member- ship, now 800, to 1,000, and for esta?- home mission board of his church. He lishing a clubhouse. Mr. Gee.r saId says: "There are within the bounds that he and others in the movement, of the Southern Baptist Convention including all of the former criminals 17,573,455 non-church members above present, had approached members of ten years of age, as against 16,136,112 t·he underworld in pool parlors, soft members of all churches, including drink establishments, in coffee houses Catholics. Mult.iplied thousands of and on street corne;rs, and declared the church members are only nom- that in every instance where they had inally Christian. There are within asked a gangster if he "wanted to go the South more than 3,500,000 Ne- straight" the answer had been." Yes." groes ove;r ten years of age that a~e The pmblem was easily solved, he not affiliated with any church. ThIS amdodveed~enwthgenot he and others in the number is but a little short of the the man a job and en- entire Negro population of the South rolled him as a field member of the at the close of the Civil War. The movement, with a mission to bring his Negro population in two Southern former confederates into line. He States is larger than the white popusaid that the slogan of the movement lation. The foreign problem is bewas "men se;rving men." The move- coming more acute. More· and more ment announces no religious connec- the tide of immigration is turning tions, and Christians wonder where southward. The ends of the earth are without Christ it expects to find a eoming together in our coastal cities. sufficient motive either for reforma- The unevangelized Mexican in New tion or for service. Mexico and Southern Texas is a grow- Church Membership in U. S. A. ing social, political and religious men- ace. It does not require a prophet to ACCORDING t,o the annual statis- forecast the social conditions in the tics just made public by Dr. H. South, growing out of the increasing K. Carroll the growth in membership numbers of foreigners mingling of the churches of the United States among us, within the next twenty-five during 1923 was not large. The fif- years. There are more than 5,000 teen kinds of Methodists now claim a homeless Southern Baptist churches, total membership of 8,622,836; the some 14,000 one-room church build- fourteen Baptist bodies· of 8,237,021; ings, and thousands of other church

homes badly in need of repair."- citizens and officials in many states. Home and Foreign Fields. Several states have passed stringent anti-lynching laws. In some of these The Canadian Baptist Jubilee laws the family of the victim is given the right. to sue the county in which THE fiftieth anniversary of the the crime occurs. The widow of a Canadian Baptist Mission among Negro lynched in South Carolina obthe Telugus in India was celebrated in tained a verdict of $2,000 under such April and a thank-offering fund of a law. Officers of the law are becom- $50,000 is appealed for to st,rengthen ing more active in preventing lynchthe work. On March 12, 1874, Mr. ings as public opinion demands it. and Mrs. McLauren landed at Co- Much credit should be given to the canada and found a few Christians, educational campaigns carried on by three native wo.rkers and one small the Federal Council of Chu.rches, the schooL There are now eighty mis- Commission on Inter-Racial Cooperasionaries on the staff, 1,000 Indian tion, the Women's Council of the workers, a Union Theological Semi- Methodist. Episcopal Church, South, nary, two high schools, with 1,300 and other groups of Southern church students; two training schools, six women and other organizations." hospitals, numerous dispensaries, nine boarding schools and orphanages, four Negro Churches in Ne…. York hundred village schools, a Telugu Christian newspaper and seventeen NEGRO members of the Methodist thousand baptized Christ,jans. Episcopal Church in New York City are about to occupy two large The Canadian Baptists have also church edifices, one formerly the home been working in Bolivia for twenty- of a white congregation, and one to five years. be built in the center of the Negro dis- torict in Harlem. Calvary Church, Name "Ne…. Era" Dropped which, especially during the pastorate of Dr. Charles L. Goodell, was hardly A N executive session of the general large enough to hold its audiences, has council of the Presbyterian felt it wise to sell its building, seating Church in the U. S. A. has endorsed 1,800, to a Negro congregation, and the New Era Movement which that will move two 0;[' three miles north. denomination has been conducting for St. Mark's Church, which has one of several years past, but changed its the largest Negro congregations in the name t·o the Committee on Program denomination, is planning a new ediand Field Activities. Dr. William fice to cost over $200,000.-Christian Hiram Foulkes remains as the general Century. secretary, and the committee is recognized as a regular part of the work of An Oriental Survey the church. T HE Institute of Social and Reli- Public Opinion and Lynching gious Research is undertaking a survey of the Oriental question on the THE decreased number of lynchings Pacific Coast. In order to determine in the United States in 1923 was the most impo.rtant questions upon reported in the April REVIEW. The which the survey ought to throw light, g.radual improvement in conditions is the opinions of nearly 200 Coast leadattributed by The Congregationalist ers in various walks of life have been to "increasing publicity, to the arous- gathered as to what they consider the ing of Christian sentiment against Oriental issues to be, their own exlynching, and to such practical facts perience with Orientals, and tilleir as the great migration of Negroes proposals for meeting the difficulties. from the South, and the threat of the Among the distinctive and encourag- Dyer Ant,i-Lynching Bill. Though the ing features of the survey thus far are Dyer Bill did not pass, it aroused public attention and led to action by

l!l!!-! I NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

the earnestness with which the busi- W. C. T. U.; and Dr. Howard H. est men and women have taken hold Russell, Westerville, founder and asof it and the development of a spirit. sociate general superintendent of the of open-mindedness and willingness Anti-Saloon League of America-Roy to abide by the facts whatever they A. Haynes, federal prohibition commay disclose. The Executive Com- missioner, and a number of both fedmittee is composed of leading business eral and state officials, as well as men, judges, professors, editors, cler- prominent business men. The nationgymen, irrespective of their previous al organization which is fighting proattit.udes, and an earnest effort has hibition held a conference in Washbeen made to secure the cooperation ington a few days later, the object of of those who have been bitter an- which was announced as being to tagonists. Such a combination and "face the facts." Its promoters, if spirit ought to bring results which honest, had a good many facta to face. will be far-reaching.

Grenfell Hospital Destroyed LATIN AMERICA Progress in Santo DOD1ingo W ORD has come that the Emily E VER ~ince there was o.rganized in Beaver Chamberlin Memorial 1921, at the instigation of the Hospital at North West. River, Lab- Committee on Cooperation in Latin rador, has been destroyed by fire. This America, the Board for Christian is the Grenfell winter hospital in con- Work in Santo Domingo, made up of nection with the station which in sum- representatives of the men's and mer is located at Indian Harbor. women's home mission boards of the Many evidences of friendliness on the M. E. Church, the Preshyt€rian part of the natives have shown how Church in the U. S. A., and, a little much the work of this hospi6al was later, the United Brethren, the REVIEW appreciated. All the patients were has reported from time to time the progress of this union enterprise. The saved with the exception of one-a significance of a united Protestant, cripple. Dr. Paddon and his family approach to a Roman Catholic counwere in New England at the time of try like Santo Domingo has been the fire but they, with the strident emphasized, and the response of the physician, the nurse and ot,her help- people, both to the hospital and dis- pensary under the direction of Ho.race ers, lost all their possessions. It is R. Taylor, M.D., and to the preaching hoped that this hospital may be rebuilt at a later date.

Anti-Saloon Leagne Bally and Sunday-school services at four principal centers, has been point€d THE Anti-Saloon League of Amer- out. The latest news is that a depu- ica held its twenty-first annual tation, consisting of Bishop F. J. Mc- convent.ion in Washington, D. C., Connell of the M. E. Church, Miss January 12 to 17,1924, the date hav- Edna R. Toss of the Presbyterian ing been chosen to "emphasize the Church U. S. A., Rev. Scott W. Her- fourth anniversary of the going into shey of the United Bret.hren, Dr.

effect of the Eighteenth Amendment." Samuel G. Inman, secretary of the Among the speakers who were an- Committee on Cooperation in Latin nounced to take part in the various America, and Prof. W. Carson Ryan sessions were Dr. Robert E. Speer, of Swarthmore College, a specialist in Bishop Thomas Nicholson, t.hree of education, recently visited the island the joint presidents of the World and on March 3d ;reported to a repre- Ijeague Against Alcoholism-Dr. Rob- sentative group of missionary admin- ert Hercod, Lausanne, Switzedand, istrators in New York Cit~. Their dire"tor of the International Temper- findings and conclusions were wholly anee Bureau; Miss Anna A. Gordon, favorable to this joint missionary en- president of the national and world's terprise. The people are eager for 5

the new message. Auditoriums now me on my trips. I also advertise in in use are inadequate because of the the newspapers, designating the occa- throngs crowding to religious serv- sion as a big conference, and using· a ices. Each year the membership of t.itle that will attract attention. In the new Christian churches has in- this way we have been able to get our c;reased more than one hundred per gospel message to thousands, whereas cent. Young men of marked ability we would not have a handful at a.

are offering themselves for the Chris- regular mission. I take with me t,ian ministry, and already six of them teams of native Spanish workers, who are reported as preparing for the have been of invaluable assistance in ministry in schools in Porto Rico. winning the confidence of the people and overcoming the prejudice against Mexicans Build Churches American Protestant missionaries."

B ISHOP Wilbur P. Thirkield, resi- dent Bishop of the M. E. Church Intolerance in Brazil in Mexico, reports the completion of T HE need of the purifying effect of a beautiful church building in Puebla, Protestantism on Brazil is indito replace one destJ:oyed by fire a year cated by the following facts supplied ago, the cost of which has been borne by C. V. Clark, a missionary of the almost entirely by the Mexicans them- M. E. Church, South, in that country. selves. In Mexico City also a new He says: "The President of the Rechurch has just been erected, the fifth public is a very strong Catholic and, unit of the Aztecas social center. He in spite of the fact that the Consti- tution says there shall be complete says: Nearly 700 people crowded the edifice at separation of Church and State, he the formal opening. What a contrast! Three says that the representatives of the years ago an msignificant mission m a shack Vatican shall be treated as royal surrounded by old Spanish walls; then the princes when they visit, Brazil. At projection of plans for the first mission social center in Mexico, to bring health and the memorial services for President hope and cleansing, physical and spiritual, Harding he refused to let the Scripto the homes and lives of the people. On tures be read or a prayer be made in faith the wGrk began and has gone on. Only Port.uguese. Congress has broken the $8,000 from the Board has been available for this building and yet today, almost free Constitution by granting an approof debt, stands this gruup of imposing priation to the Catholics to build an buildings crowned by a church of splendid image of Christ on one of the high Gothic design. peaks overlooking Rio de Janeiro. The New Methods in Colombia legislat,ure of this state has given DESCRIBING an extensive evan- them money to build a cathedral in gelistic campaign in Scmth Amer- the city of Sao Paulo."

ica, Rev. Harry L. Strachan said at Founder's Week Conference at Moody EUROPE Bible Institut<e: "Missionaries are Rotary Clubs and Missions W looked upon as part of what is called ORKERS in the London Mis- sionary Society, who are also 'the American Army of Occupation' in the Latin-American republics. Es- membe;rs of Rotary Clubs in Great pecially in Colombia the prejudice Britain, frequently secure an oppor- against Protestant missionaries makc8 tunity for an address on the country it next to impossible to get 'an audi- he represents—or the social and com- ence in any of the regular mission mercial aspects of the work he is do- meeting places or church halls. The ing-from a visiting missionary. There people will not come, so in this new are also laymen connectoed with the aggressive evangelization campaign we Society who have a first-hand knowl- have adopted circus methods. I hire edge of the mission field and who are _ a theatre-the biggest one in town, or ready to help as Rotarians. The use a monster tent which I carry with series of L. M. S. missionary Iunch-

NEWS FROM MANY

eons so successfully arranged by Rev. tional life. In the first year there S. J. Cowdy in the City of London were 24 and in the second year 42 provides an illustration of another st,udents. Some ·of the students were useful avenue of missionary propa- university undergraduates, others ganda which is at once social and clerks or elementary school teachers, educational. more than half were industrial work- ers, with a more or less advanced Church at Chateau Thierry education beforehand. This year 45 DURING the battle between the students were expected for a special American and German armies course from April 10 to July 28, 1924.

for the possession of Chateau Thierry, t,he old French church was destroyed. In Italian. Prisons R When after the armistice a general EV. ENRICO PONS, representa- tive for Italy of the British and plan of aid in rebuilding destroyed churches in the devastated regions Foreign Bible Society, has been hav- was developed by the Federal Coun- ing some unusual experiences in visit..

cil, the entire responsibility for pro- ing Italian prisons. He says; "At viding a new church and parsonage Leece I found about 300 prisoners, all for this parish was undertaken by the men, many of whom labor as carpen- Reformed Church in the United ters, marble-workers, and shoemakers.

States. 'The tot,al amount required One part of their earnings goes to the was $50,000, and the last payment of State and the remainder they keep.

$15,000 has now been made. The par- One of these men told me that, bit by sonage has already been completed bit, he had patiently gathered 8,DOO and the church will soon be ready for lire (nearly £100) against the day of services, The site of the new church his liberation. At Taranto, the great is on the main square of the city naval port, I found 350 prisoners, close to the City Hall. At Chateau and among them about 30 women, of Thierry there is a fine cooperat,ion all ages, and guilty of various crimes.

between the Reformed Church of At Potenza I found 250 prisoners and France and the Methodist Episcopal about 30 women, almost all of the Church, the former caring for the agricultural class. In these two pris- distinctive church work, while the lat- ons they do not work, because there ter, at the Methodist Memorial, main- are no buildings available. They read tains an admirably organized civic ve.ry little-for one reason, because and social center: they have no books. In none of the libraries is a Bible to be found, not NcllV College in Denntark even a Roman Catholic version. Some THE International College at Hel- of the prison officials possess our ver- singor, Denmark, was founded two sions of the New Testament and value years ago, with the object of bringing together for study and personal in- them. The officials opened to me all tercourse young men and women from the cells and apartments, and so I the principal countries of the world. could enbBr everywhere, bearing a The college follows the traditions of word of sympathy and comfort and the Danish folk high schools, of which hope. In each prison I gave a lecture there are some seventy in Denmark. to from 200 to 300 hearers, men and These broad-minded Christian schools women. All listened attentively and are unique examples of adult. educa- with interest, and received my words with applause."

tion and have a long experience and a widespread influence. Like them Buddhism in Germany G the International College is personal ERHART HAUPTMANN, a writer of international reputain method and ethical in aim-trying to apply the principles of Christian- tion, says that he sees in Germany ity to individual, social and interna- today' 'a great nationalreaetion from

the merely physical to the religious." driving large numbers into atheism. This reveals itself, however, in a tre- Protestant.ism has never gained a mendous increase of the prestige of foothold. Rome, and in a hungry turning toward Brahminism and Buddhism. Communist Idea of Love Karl Eugen Neumann has translated the collective wisdom of Gaut,ama A N Associated Press dispatch states Buddha, and Hauptmann asserts, "To that absolute free love is not the my mind the time will come when this idea of communists but mating only book will be considered of infinitely in the interests of the communit.y, more far-reaching consequences than according to Mme. Kollantay, Russian Martin Luther's Bible. Once the Soviet Minister to Norway, who has statue of the heathen god Svantewitt published a series of articles in the reared itself in t,he midst of Germany. German periodical, The New Genera- Now this has been replaced by the tion, explaining how the bou.rgeois gigantic picture of Buddha." The conception uf marriage does not harfirst Buddhist monastery is to be es- monize with communism. Mme. Koltablished not far from Hamburg in lantay says a new feeling in regard to the Lunenburg moor. Meanwhile this subject has sprung up alongside Paul Duessen has translated the Ve- t,he Communist conception of economdas from the Sanscrit, and as Bud- ics and that the old ideals of marriage dhism grew from Brahminism, Haupt- and morals must disappear with the mann predicts a glorious sweep for idea of private property. She urges the t,wo in Germany. that the basis of "the new mOJ'als" must be purely hygienic, and that the Protestant Work for Serbia chief end of the proletarian compan- ionship must be to eliminatoe all ego- T HE Serbian Mission, which has istic and individual instincts in favor recently been organized, with busi- of developing the community upon ness headqua.rters in Chicago and field cooperative lines. headquarters in Belgrade, is an interdenominational body with John W. AFRICA Troy as its Superintendent. He was born in Serbia, but is now an Amer- Isla.D1 in Egypt's Politics ican citizen and a graduate of Moody Bible Institute. The Serbian Govern- K ING FUAD of Egypt has sent ment, t,hrough the Minister of Social Seifullah Yousri Pasha as his Politics, has endmsed the prospective minister to "Vashington, accompanied work of The Serbian Mission and has by a staff of five. The new minister assured the cooperation of his depart- has had a great deal of experience in ment. The Government is particu- political affairs, having lived for many larly anxious to have the Mission pro- years in France and England. The vide orphanages for boys who will first secretary, Hassanein Bey, has enter at from three to six years of age. been for manv veal'S att.ached to the It is said that there are 155 orphan- government s~~ic('. in Cairo and is ages in Serbia, which care for about, well known in Egyptian and Euro- 8,900 children, and about 166,800 pean scientific fields as a'n explorer of orphans without home or care, whom note. A curious feature of all the the Government will gladly entrust to legations and other important diploany agency upon any terms. There matic missions of the new Egypt is are also 200,000 Russian refugees in the sending of a "chaplain" with the country who need help. The cacho Technically the duties of this population of Serbia consists of member are simply to lead the other Roman Catholics, Greek Catholics and members at their Friday prayers, for Mohammedans. The breakdown in Egypt is a Mohammedan state and general morale, following the war, is the diplomats must abide by the offi- cial rule that demands attendance at Friday prayers. Practirally, how-

1924J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ever, it is thought t,hat the" ehaplain" some one hundred different tribes, and (01' "imam") 18 the diplomatie rep- speaking almost as many different resentative of the .A.zhar University, languages and dialects. There are the conservative religious element who three Protestant societies working in insist on keeping their hands on the this Eastern Sudan. The Church Misaffairs of state to the most minute sionary Society has 11 stat,ions and detail. It is said that eveu the Egyp- sub-stations under the direCltion of tian consulate in New York is to have 28 missiGnaries. The Sudan United an "imam." The legations are ap- Mission has 4 stations with 12 mispointed by the King and are not af- sionaries. The American Mission fected by changes in the ministry. (United P,resbyterian) has 3 main As long as t,he constitution says the stations and 36 missionaries. Nasser King must be a Moslem, the Azhar and Doleib Hill are their two stations University will exert a powerful in- in the S011thern Sudan. From Kharfluence on all Egypt's relationships. t,um station in the Northern Sudan, they administer work in all the larger A War Fugitive's Work cities where Arabic is the language. In 1923 a boys' and a girls' school AN instance of the way in whieh were opened in Port Sudan by the good has come out of the evil of American Mission. This is the Sudan's war-time perils and hardships is given seaport, connected by rail with Kharby the Rev. E. W. Doulton, a mission- tum, and promises to be an important ary of the Church Missionary Society shipping center in independent in Tanganyika Territory. He writes: Egypt. A missionary writes: " At, the "At, one of our out-stations, Nyand- present time the.re seems to be a new wa, there is a promising little work opening to the Mohammedan people. " going on, the commencement of which is of interest. One of our teachers, Congo Medical Steamer to escape capture at the hands of the Germans, fled to this place, and when LATE in November the mission of in hiding, taught some of the people the Disciples launched the fiftyto read t.he New Testament, and was seven-foot stern-wheel steamship Illithe means of bringing to Christ two nois, which is to do medical work on Wagogo, who were baptized by me the waters of the Congo. The launchabout four years ago. These two men ing was marked by simple religious have since won several fo.r Christ, services, conducted largely by native five of whom have been baptized since pastors. Another similar vessel, the my return, and they now carry on a Missouri, is also being laid down school and have built a small church, which, when completed, will travel and are doing all they can to influ- through the hundreds of miles of en~e their fellow men. They are not small waterways of the Lotumbe field. paid agents, but are doing the work quite voluntarily. The father of one One African's Achievelllent of these men is very ,rich in cattle and is furious at his son's convcrsion. He T HE story is told by "Dan Crawhas said that he will disinherit him." ford" of Kamba, a full-blooded African of the Ndau tribe, who has Facts about the Sudan progressed from absolute illiteracy to a Columbia University degree. The THE population of the Eastern first printing that he ever saw was on Sudan (Anglo-Egyptian) has just a pack of playing cards that came about. doubled since the winning of from the coast, and by studying these the Battle of Omdurman by Lord he taught himself the figures from Kitehener. It is made up, chiefly, of one to ten. Later he went south to two groups: the Arabs in the north work, and an American missionary and the Negroids in the south. The t,here who taught native boys in spite latter are more purely African, of of the opposition of the Portuguese,

whose policy is to keep the people ig- A Belated Confes"ion norant, took him into his home as a house boy. There the idea of that ALAY evangelist.ic worker, named cultivated missiona;ry, and especially "Brother Shlemoon, " in the his wife, going to live in that fever- American Presbyterian Mission at stricken area for the sake of the black Hamadan, Persia, has been especially hoys, gave him a new vision. He successful in p;reaching to Moslems. knew they must have some secret that Recently in the large village of Bamade them different from all other har, an o1d man invited him home, white people he han ever seen. When and when there told him he was 100 the Anlel'ican missionary left for years old, and had for many years home, he told his boys of a mission in been a follower of Jesus, although Rhodesia, ann Kamba walked 250 none of the family knew it, as he was miles to reach there. His capacity nearing death and did not want to and ambition fOJ" more education led stir up trouble. He was well-to-do, his missionary to secure work for the with many fields and vineyards, and boy by which he earned enough to still able to attend to business. He go to Hampton Institute, Virginia. could read, and had a New Testa- Earning his living all the time, he ment.. Shlemoon asked him what he took a course in carpentry and then was to say when God asked him why went to Columbia, where he secured he had not won any in the family T the coveted B.S. in education. His Noting that he seemed especially fond whole ideal in seeking this education of one of his grandchildren, he begged has been to go back and develop his him to teach him who Christ was and own people, but not necessarily on train him to follow Him and so keep Western lines. the light. burning when the old man was gone. He replied that he believed NEAR EAST that was just what God had sent him there for, and when they parted asked Turks Close Stamboul Y. M. C. A. him to come again soon. He went again the week following, and was AN Associated P;ress dispatch from made very welcome and to his great Constantinople, dated March joy, the old man made a public con- 21st, stated that the Angora Ministry fession of his faith before the whole of the Interior had that day ordered family, and read to t.hem from John closed the Stamboul branch of the 14. When through one of the daugh- Y. M. C. A. and the entrances sealed. ters-in-Iaw said, "And here you have Admittance to the offices was refused been getting ready for those mansions American secretaries of the associa- and never told us anything about it. " tion. The High Commission of the His older son also reproached him United States has promised to inves- and said, "Why have you not shared tigate the action flS being one of sup- these blessings, and this light with pression and contrary to Foreign UR 1" Not one of them reproached Minister Ismet Pasha's declarations him for being a Christian. at Lausanne. A Constantinople dispatch received last October said that Mesopotamian Treaty the Angora Government. was considering the status of the Y. M. C. A. >in T HE t.reaty recently concluded be- Turkey, in the light of reports made tween Great B;ritain and 'Iraq by special investigators. The dispatch (Mesopotamia) contains the followadded that agitation against the or- ing provisions which are of signifiganization had been carried on fo;r a cance to missionary work: "This time in certain radical Turkish Organic Law shall ensure to all compapers.-N. Y. Times. plete freedom of conscience and the free exercise of all forms of worship, The "Y" has since been opened subject only to the maintenance of a'gain, according to the State Depart- public order and mo;rals. It shall ment at Washington.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

provide that no discrimination of any hiya Khan, after going from one kind shall be made bet,ween the in- famous mosque to another seeking habitants of 'Iraq on the gronnd of spiritual satisfaction, learned the race, religion or language, and shall truth from the C. M. S. missionary at secure that the right of each com- Peshawar, who gave him a New Tesmunity to maintain its own schools tament. Back in his mountain village, for the education of its own members some forty miles north of Kabul, this in its own language while conforming man had studied God's Word, and as to such educational requirements of a a result his father, his wife, and his general nature as the Government, of children had come to believe in Christ. 'Iraq may impose, shall not be denied His desire at this 6ime was to arrange or impaired…… No measure shall be to have his family go to Peshawar taken in 'Iraq to obstruct or interfere and be baptized. "It would take with missionary enterprise or dis- some little time," says the writer, criminate against any missionary on "for the application (to be permitted the ground of his religous belief or to pass all the posts on t.he line) to be' nationality, provided that such enter- granted, and so I told him to come, prise is not prejudicial to public order pending the official sanction of the and good government.. " request, to my qua,rters daily, so that we might read the Scriptures, together. Afghanistan Opening Up He did so and I found him to be a most. deeply instructed Christian, 'a DR. H. A. LlCHTWARDT, med- man of God thoroughly furnished,' ical missionary of the Presby- and evidently a most spirituallyterian Board in Meshed, Persia, minded man. Yet he had been living writes: "Afghanistan is opening up for sixteen years entirely cut off from and several 'foreigners' have entered all that we usually te.rm the 'ordithis formerly closed territory. The nances of religion,' his spiritual life Afghan ConSUl at Meshed holds out entirely sustained by the Word, and very favorable hopes for our mission in any case that would be his consoforce securing permission to enter, lation and light to the end." and as soon as a second doctor is available on the :field, an effort will be made INDIA to secure passports. Many of our operative cases come from Afghan- Gandhi's Advice to Christians istan, and they invariably ask, 'When are you coming to Herat to open up WHEN Gandhi was asked some a hospital ~ We have many sick peo- time ago what advice he would ple who are unable to take this long, give on making Christianity :fit in expensive trip to Meshed.' Previously with India's needs, so as to make it we would answer, 'As soon as your appear less a foreign religion, his country is opened up to foreigners.' reply, according to the Dnyanodaya, Now the doors are swinging open, and was: "Preach your religion without with a sufficient staff we can enter." diluting it, and never tone it down."

ASThe Bible in Afghanistan Where God's Love Is News fln encouraging proof that wher- eVe!' in Afghanistan the written MISS SAROJIVI MITTRA, an Word has obt.ained an entrance it has Indian Christian worker with brought light in the darkness, Major- the London Missionary Societ,y, writes General Sir George K. Scott-Moncrieff in the Chronicle,: "Our country is tells in the Record of the British and waking and advancing, wanting and Foreign Bible Society the story of a striving to choose a place for itself. man whom he knew in 1880, when he I think it is our work to awaken India himself was a junior officer in Kabul. by blending the gracious sound of the Sixteen years before, this man, Ya- Father's love with that sound of na- tional awakening." She goes on to show from her own experience how

the story of God's love is received by their respective districts, and should t,hose who hear it for the first time: leave no stone unturned to try to win She and some of her students, when over the new Christian converts to lost one day on their way to a certain I&lam; and for the future should so village, were guided by an old man organize themselves as to leave no to an open space, where there were loophole for the Christian missiontwo tiny thatched cottages and about ary." a dozen men and eight or ten women. "In simple Bengali," she says, "I Christians in Tibet tried to tell t,helll the story of the Prodigal Son and of God's wonderful F ROM the Indian as well as from love. We were amazed to see how the Chinese border, attempts to eagerly they listened, and some of enter Tibet are being made, and the them had tears streaming down their Nat,ional Missionary Society of India faces. The old man who had led us has recently been giving the subject there said, 'Ma, we have never before special consideration. To its organ, heard what you have been saying. We The NatiQna.l Mis'sionary InteLLidid not think God was our father; we are cOlllmon, low and poor, and people gencer, 'r. Nasib Ali writes: "The despise us. That God loves us is something quite new to us.' " best method of opening the way to Tibet is to send a man who is fluent Why Moslems Are Anxious in the Tibetan language and one who would start work as a trader, because T HE progress of Christianity in the lor nothing else does the Government Punjab is making some of the give permission to enter Tibet." He thoughtful Moslems in that section of continues: "Though Tibet is in a India anxious. One of them writes way closed to us, there are Christians in a Mohammedan magazine, Review there, and the country is not without of Religions: "The Christians, it will Christian witnesses; the Lord is be noted, now form a considerable working there in a marvelous way. I portion of the population of the Pun- am an eye-witness to it., have visited jab. Though evident.ly more. than 80 Lhasa, and every year tour in that per cent of their number come from country in connection with my busithe so-called low castes, i. e., Chuhras. ness. I will never forget how once in Chamars, etc., yet the abnormal rise the streets of Lhasa I came across a in their numbers in comparatively re- shop of a Buddhist merchant whose cent years should not be despised on wife sang Christian hymns to me to that account. It is, on the other hand, my great joy and wonder (she had admirable and speaks volumes in learned them in Kalimpong, near praise of the missionary activities of Darjeeling) . Again once I had an the Christian community. We have interview wit·h the Prime Minister of to face the stubborn fact that the Tibet who said to me, 'What beauti- Chnistians now number more than ful love is to be found in your Chris- 300,000 in our province according to tian religion.' Also once in the cit~ the census tables. This calls for the of Shigacha where dwells the Tashi serious and immediate attention of Lama, in a shop I saw hung on the the Moslems, particularly of the Ah- walls several pictures of Christ." madiyya community. Unless prompt and efficient measures are taken Chris- CHINA tianity will establish itself firmly in the land, and another community will A Chinese Studeut Program thereby be added to the number of our antagonists in the soil.. …. It is THE annual meeting of the Chinese high time that. Moslems should start a St.udents' Federation, as reported regular campaign against the activi- in the North China Herald, discussed ties of the Christian missionaries in many complex topics. The Peking branch alone placed on the program subjects sufficient to occupy attention for days on end, as follows:

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

(1) Opposition to any form of military The regular meetings twice weekly government or government formed by the have been well maintained. One offimilitia; (2) the formation of a national cer, a very ea.rnest lieutenant, pressed for baptism when civilian inquirers citizens' convention; (3) the framing of a permanent constitution by the national citi- zens' convention; (4) the formation of a were being baptized on July 8th, and real people's government; (5) the abolition was accepted. Then followed a rush of the tuchunate and the reduction of of applications from the commandant, troops; (6) the "independence'" of educa- several officers, pet,ty officers and men. tional and political finances; (7) the gold franc problem; (8) the return of Port Evening elasses were held for these Arthur, Dairen and Kuangchouwan; (9) for several days, and on July 30th cancellation of the twenty-one Demands, thirty-seven were baptized. It was failing which the latter will be placed before a happy, busy day. Their testimonies the League of Nations for judgment.

were good, their knowledge of gospel "Shanghai for Ohrist" truth averaging higher than that of T HE February number of The Chi- those we have received into the nese Recorder gives an account of Church during recent years. A forta series of evangelistic meetings, held night later our big city fair was held by the Shanghai Christian Council, a for three days. On their off day fif- Chinese, not missionary, organization, teen to twenty of those baptized asfrom November 6t,h to 8th, the Shang- sisted splendidly on the streets by preaching, giving testimony, and hai Autumn Derby days. The slogan bookselling. It was encouraging to for prayer, for ar.rangements, for Christ, " not' "Shanghai for the see them fearlessly at work."

Races. " Chinese Christians initiated and carried on the work. The move- Books for Bandits .

W ment was divided into four periods: HEN bandits in China held up a t.rain last summer and carried for prayer, for arrangements, for evangelism and for conservation. Dur- many travelers up into the mountains, ing the first period pastors, evangel- Miss Mary E. Wood, of Boone Li- ists, Bible women, school teachers and brary, a part of the American Epis- Sunday-school teachers conducted copal Mission in Wuchang, promptly prayer-meetings. A Sunday was set dispatched a box of books to the lead- aside when the responsibility of every er of the bandits, writing him that Christian was preached from every she knew he must be very lonely so pulpit in the city. A letter calling for far up in the mountains and she hoped united prayer and individual conse- he might find time toO read the books cration was sent to every Christian. sent to him. The books she sent in- The period for ar.rangements was un- cluded Bryce's "Training for Citi- der the care of ten commit.tees such zenship, " a life of Washington, a life as Intercession, Publicity, Finance, of Gladstone, "Silas Marner," "First Meeting Place, Music, etc. Aid to the Injured," and "Sir GaJa- had."

Baptisms among Soldiers SEVENTY-SIX officers and men A Destructive Typhoon have been baptized in the past year by H. Lyons, the C. I. M. worker REV. W. RICHARDSON. of the at Luanfu, Shansi Province, who China Inland Mission at 'Hwangwrites in China's Millions: "The yen, Chekiang Province, writes of a bright side of our work has been that severe typhoon, accompanied by a among the soldiers. There has been tidal wave, which swept away people a steady sale of Bibles, New Testa- and homes by hundreds, so that there ments, hymn books, Scripture post-ers, was not. left a bit of evidence as to and later also of Bible study helps, what had become of them. "They among both offieers and men, not a were simply overwhelmed in the night few of whom are fairly well educated. and borne away. Not a single house in Hwangyen city escaped damage.

The city church was compietely lev- eighteen of the former members of eled to the ground, only the pulpit the church and congregation present. and part of the piers of the founda- Rev. Roy H. Fisher presided, stating tion remained. The school has been that the purpose of the meeting was unroofed and the east gable has fallen to elect new officers, to take up matin. Not a single place of worship in ters concerning the church property, the t,wenty-odd outstations has es- and to decide on plans for future caped damage. At present in the city work. 'l'he trustees were asked to take we are without any proper place of steps toward having the church propworship, and we have to conduct the erty at No. 49, Bluff, re-registered, regular services on Sunday as well as and the proper transfer made to the during the week in the school, which new property – holding committee. is undergoing repair." A recent con- Plans for the beginning of services vert at Odongkong, a widow over were left in the hands of a special sixty years of age, whose life was committee, which decided that from saved in a remarkable way during the the first Sunday in March, services typhoon, is now so grateful to God should be held on Sunday afternoons t,bat she is determined to try to study in the Y. M. C. A. club rooms, on the the Bible and says she is going to tell second floor of the building, which is the people how the God and Saviour of concrete and has been repaired. of the Bible anwered a poor lonely widow's prayer. Fight Licensed Vice in Korea Bible in Chinese Schools CHRISTIANS of various denomina- tions and races are working to- PETER SHIH,. a Chinese member gether against the social evil in of the Department of Education in Korea. At the last meeting of the Soochow University, writes to the Federal Council committees were ap- Board of Foreign Missions of the pointed, in response to an appeal M. E. Church, South: from the Australian Presbytoerian Mission, to move in the matter of es- "I want to call your attention to the sig- tablishing a Rescue Home for prostinificance of these Bible classes at the gov- tutes and to work generally against ernment institution of teacher training. the evil of licensed houses of ill fame. Years ago we were not allowed to go in These committees have been actively there to conduct any sort of meeting. A at work. The Salvation Army has few years ago, they let us go in, but not to signified its willingness (under certalk on religion of Christ. His name was tain condit,ions and subject to apnot supposed to be mentioned. There was proval from home) to be responsible not even one Christian in that school. But for the running of such a home, cothis year, for the first time, they open wide operating missions to provide a buildtheir gates and welcome us into their midst ing and yen 15 per month per inmate. to conduct voluntary Bible classes for their It is estimated that yen 5,000 will be students in their own classrooms. Christian sufficient to build the whole, or at songs are being sung in their auditorium, least so much of the building as shall where only last year only the worship of be necessary, for the initiation of such Confucius was tolerated. There are a few a work. The site can probably be Christians among them now. Only two made available by the Salvation weeks ago, I heard that one of the students Army. The Southern Methodist Miswanted to join our church at Konghong. I sion has voted yen 1,000 toward the am takiug 'Jesus the Master Teacher' as my building and a sum of money has also textoook. All the boys in my class, number_ been contributed for this general puring about fifteen, seem to enjoy the Bible pose by the Australian Mission. Other immensely_ The Lord is great. His name cooperating missions are being asked be praised." to rontribute the balance. The gen- eral problem of the abolition of li- JAPAN-CHOSEN censed vice and the establishment of Yokohama Union Church T HE first meeting of the Yokohama Union Church since the September earthquake was held in the Y. M. C. A., Yokohama, February 19th, with

1924J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

a better state of social morality in this that is the business of the Governcountry, is being earnestly consid- ment-General, as they must make it ered. The .Japanese committee repre- clear to the Educational Department sents all the Christian churches in in Japan that. a school they 'desig- Seoul. It. plans to promote public nate' as equal to the government sentiment among the Japanese and schools, must be recognized there also already the authorities are being ap- as entitled to the same treatment acproached with a view to stimulating corded to the government schools. them against this evil. The Korean That will come in time. The alumni committee is a strong and representa- are naturally greatoly delighted. We tive one. With its members bot,h men had a 'congratulatory meeting' yesand women are cooperating, while terday afternoon, at which some churches and various societies are twenty of them were present, and they showing their interest in a way that started a fund to help in meeting the augurs well for the future.-Korea Government's requirements about Mission Field. apparat.us. "

School Officially Recognized Tokyo Puhlic Schools T HE John D. Wells School for THE primary schools in Tokyo are Training Christian Workers, car- now open to Christian teaching ried on by American Presbyterians at once a week. This remarkable state of Seoul, Chosen, has been designated affairs, so full of significance for the by the Chosen· Government as a pri- future of Japan, was brought about vate school whose graduates equal in by Japanese initiative. The Mayor of scholarly attainment those of a middle Tokyo recently called into consultaschool or of a higher common school. tion the Rev. S. Imamura, General "This means," writes Rev. E. Wade Secretary of the National Sunday Koons, the Principal, "that our grad- School ~~ssociation of Japan, and uates have the same right to take en- asked him to suggest the best method trance examinations, and if t.hey for the spiritual and moral education succeed in them, to enter as regular of the young citizens of Tokyo. Mr. students, the various special schools, Imamura accordingly presented a (Senmon Gakko) in Chosen, whether plan of sending speakers to the difprivate like Severance and the Chosen ferent schools once a week and agreed Christian College, or government, like to secure the speakers. This the Mayor the' Colleges' of Law, Medicine, Busi- at once accepted, and a program for ness, and Engineering, that the grad- the next few months was made out. uates of a conforming school like This is a wonderful door of oppor- Paichai, or of a Government Higher tunity as well as a great responsibility Common School for Koreans, or of a for the Sunday-school workers in Government Middle School for Japa- Japan. After March, the National nese, have. And today I asked a rep- Sunday School Association was to be resentative of the Educational De- solely responsible for the speakers partment if this extended also to and the money to provide the same. entering the Preparatory Department Mr. Imamura reports that $2,500 may of tlie Government University here, he needed per year to carryon this and was told that. it did. All that work and that a group of lay Chrisremains is to have this privilege ex- tians are already organizing to get tended to us in Japan proper, and behind the proposition.

MIlSSJ[ONARY

Race Problems in the New Africa. W. C. said: "I must be about my Father's business. ' , Willoughby. 294 pp. 158. Oxford Uni- But, "big business" though the versity Press. London. 1923. missionary enterprise undoubtedly is, Dr. Pat,ton carefully differentiates This is an admirable book, full of his purpose from any suggestion that accurate knowledge, good sense, sound the Church's worldwide emprise dejudgment and true spirit. It deals pends for justification on the ground with the race problem in the New that it promotes commerce. That is Africa with a sure hand. Dr. Wil- all very well in a Babs'on Report, but loughby was for many years a mis- it has no place in any church publisionary in Africa where he was principal of the London Missionary cation. This book is, instead, a clarion Society's Native Institution at Tiger call to the higher levels of a purely Kloof, South Africa, and is now Pro- altruistic loyalty to the Lord who fessor of Missions in Africa in the gave His life a ransom for the sins of Kennedy School of Missions at Hart- the whole world. And yet it is all ford_ We do not. know of any other book which.presents so adequately and intensely practical; it is "business." so wisely the facts about the life and It is a moving picture indeed which character and institutions and problems of the Bantu people and their passes in swift succession before the relation to the white races and to the reader of these pages sweeping the spread of their civilizat.ion in Africa. world in ~tatesmallllike perspective. The chapter on "The Color Bar" is Taking China as a cross-section of tlhe the best treatment which we have seen world, it focuses attention upon this of the tragic questions which are in- biggest segment of a world encircling separable from modern inter-race advance of Christ's army with banrelationships. The concluding chapter ners in such wise as to confirm hope sums up Dr. Willoughby's ripened of the ultimate victory "unto the utjudgments on the contact of mission- termost." For, while t,he population of China is shown to be over rather ary work among the Bantu Ileople than under four hundred millions, and the Christians among so many who make up the greatl body of the are as yet only one to a thousand, the rate of their increase-and this is population in Southern and Central Africa. s.

The Business of Missions. Cornelius H. admittedly the decisive factor-is Patton. 8vo. 288 pp. $2.00. The Mac- such as to give promise that. "one shall millan Company. 1924. chase a thousand" ere long and two Dr. Patton takes his title for this ~han win ten thousand.

book from the same conception as that For, is it not immensely heartening voiced by William Carey when he to find, that whereas Morrison single said, "My business is to serve the handed besieged the gates of Canton IJord, and I cobble shoes to pay ex- for seven years before he won his first penses." Carey also put into prac- convert in 1814, and 32 years passed tice t,his dominant idea in his mission before that number increased to 6, to India, where he for years supported when in 1842 the Treaty of Tientsin his missionary operations by raising was signed, by 1914 the number of indigo as a by-product. Both men Christians reached 235,303, and in learned their lesson from the Great 1920, 366,524, multiplying fourfold Teacher who, at the age of twelve in the last two decades. The penetra- 404 tion of this colossal field by some six discussion of missionary education as thousand missionaries with manifold such in the volume. activities is an inspiring story, which Dr. Patton has told in a masterly way This book ought to be read by everythat will richly reward the reading of one who is responsible for curriculum the business man and of all who building in the Sunday-school or any "mean business" for Christ. other agency of religious education and it would be a splendid thing if D. MeC. it could be read by all parents and Sunday-school teachers. J. B. K. The Teaching Work of the Church. By the Committee on the War and The Religious Neue Christoterpe 1924. Forty·fifth volume. Outlook. 309 pp. $2. Association Press. Edited fly Adolf Bartels and Julius New York. 1923. Koegel. Published by C. Ed. Mueller (Paul Seiler), Halle (Saale). Probably no other book in this field has done just the piece of work which This popular year book is widely has been admirably presented in this read in religious circles in Germany. brief but comprehensive volume. The It eontains essays, stories and poems book is a symposium, so skillfully de- of exceptional merit, written in the vised, and so carefully art,iculated spirit of evangelical faith and service. that one would scarcely realize the It is a piece of Christian literature different authorship of the several in the German language which exerchapters. Professor L. A. Weigle, Dr. ciHes a widespread influence for good. B. S. Winchester, Professor William In the 1924 edition t,he missionary Adams Brown, Rev. Samuel McCrea note is lacking and the treatment of Cavert, Rev. Erwin L. Shaver and the subject of war as related to our Dr. Robert L. Kelly are among the Christian faith is unsatisfactory exauthors, all of them men of wide ex- cept from a German point of view. perience and sound judgment in dealing with the educational task of the G. D. Church. The distinct,ive feature of their effort lies in the approach to the The Life of the Ancient East. James subject which is conceived in the Baikie. Illustrated. Bvo. 463 pp. $4. terms of youth's need and the The Macmillan Co. New York. 1924. Church's task rather than the agencies of religious education. This There is a fascination about the brings freshness and vitality to the study of life and beliefs of the ancient subject. which makes the book good peoples who laid foundations for modreading from cover to cover, to say ern thought and progress. As we nothing of the practical value that study the tabletfl, monuments and there is in the discussion approached temples which record the history of from this angle. thousands of years ago, we wonder at the learning and civilization of those There are allusions to missionary days and have a more humble estieducation as a part of the educational mate of modern achievements. We processes of the Church as the differ- learn, too, tohat the Bible is not a ent age groups of young people ·are book of folklore and fable, but is a dealt with, and an evident, underlying reliable record of history and a higher, conception of the missionary task of truer revelation of God than any of the Church as fundamental, not only the non-Jewish ancients possessed. to its work, but to its very existence. More migl:Jt have been made, however, Mr. Baikie has given us here a of missionary education as such in popular summary of the archteological dealing with some phases of the sub- finds relating to the religions, laws, ject. There is It very good critique customs and history of the peoples of of missionary educat,ion as commonly Egypt, Babyloni.a, Assyria, Troy, conducted on pages 155-159. It is Palestine, Greece and other lands of very brief, however, and is the only the Near East. Many familiar Bibli- cal names find a place in t,his volume -Israel, Isaiah, Belshazzar, Boaz, Cyrus, Daniel, Goliath, the Hivites, Hittites and other Palestinian tribes, previous to the World War largely Jonah, Joshua, Nebuchadnezzar, St. accounts for the 268,112 foreign-born Paul, Pekah, Titus and many cities. Magyars now in America. The census The volume throws much light on bulletin of a year ago places the the ancients and some on our modern number of Magyars born in this country of foreign parentage at 205,- inheritance. 426, so that the total Magyar popu- America and the World Liquor Problem. lation of America is 473,538. By Ernest H:urst Cherrington. 8vo. 182 "The Valley of Decision" came in pp. American Issue Press. Westerville, Ohio. connection with the World War. The In a clear, logical fashion, Dr. Magyars remained loyal to American Cherrington argues for world-prohibi- life and principles even though at times under suspicion. Conditions tion, pointing out the difficulty of arising out of the war also meant the maintaining the law in the United choosing of denominational allegiance States unless prohibition becomes to American groups. Previous to the world-wide. He gives a brief resume war a number of the churches had diof the prohibition movement, showing rect connection with the Reformed the importance of its economic phases, churches of Hungary. The results of which have only recently been ade- the decision have meant alignments as quately considered. He calls attention follows: 19 congregations, 6,500 comto the fact that America has a great municants, and 25,600 adherents to opportunity today to make the world the Reformed Church in the United dry, but insists that this country must States; 6 congregations and 1,141 act quickly, before the liquor inter- communicants to the Protestant Epis-. ests become too strongly entrenched copal Church. A few churches have through a world-wide organization, become independent congregations with possible Presbyterian connecand he shows how the liquor forces tions now or later. are rapidly strengthening their posi- Dr. Souders admirably reviews the tion for a tinal attack on the prohibitionists. Those interested in law problems of a foreign language enforcement, in statistics on various church in America so far as this phases of the liquor problem, and in group is concerned and analyzes the the general tendencies among both important elements of effective reli- gious training and church life. Ap. "wets" and "drvs" will find this pendices include a statement on book exceedingly u.seful, particularly "Americanization as the Foreigner Thinks of It," a list of Magyar pubif they are making speeches or writing papers on this timely subject. c. s.

The Magyars in America. Volnme Six in lications in the United States, and a the Raeial Studies of the New American. helpful bibliography.

By Rev. D. A. Souders, D.D., Superin· Facing the Crisis. By Sherwood Eddy. 8vo. tendent of Immigration of the Reformed 241 pp. SO cents, paper. The Associa- Church in the United States. 8vo. 150 tion Press. New York. 1922. pp. $1.00. Geo. R. Doran Co. New York. 1922. Present-day social and religious Coming from a long line of Re- problems are perplexing to the wisest formed Church ancestry and deeply and most experienced. Dr Eddy gives interested for many years in the re- us a thoughtful and devout, if not al- ligious welfare of aliens, the author ways conclusive, study of some of is particularly able to give to this these problems. He begins with God, racial group a very sympathetic study. Christ, evil, immortality, miracles, the He first makes a succinct general Bible, evolution, prayer, etc., and con- statement of Magyar history and por- cludes with studies of the race ques- trays the political, economic, social, tion, war, industrial unrest, the soeial and religious conditions of an Old gospel, etc. Dr. Eddy accepts the World backgrou!ld. Immigration main conclusions of modern science so far as they do not interfere with death, considers sin as the" failure to faith in the Deity of Christ and he hit the mark" of perfection and rec- endeavors to apply Jesus' teaching ommends Christ as a Helper and In- to the solution of modern problems spirer rather than as a Divine Sav- even where this upsets existing con- iour. The book has a certain prac- ditions. tical value for those who know where Are Foreign Missions Worth While ~ Edited to find their true knowledge and in- by Basil Mathews. Pamphlet. 6d. Lon- spiration.

don Missionary Satiety. 1922. The Idea of God. By Professor Clarence A.

Testimonies from those who are not Beckwith. 8vo. 343 pp. $2.50. The missionaries, but who know their work Macmillan Co. New York. 1923. from first hand knowledge, and who God is the greatest fact in the unibelieve in it, make up the contents of verse and yet how many have acthis interesting little pamphlet. cepted the idea in general but can Among those quoted are King George give no conclusive reason for the V, Lloyd George, Theodore Roosevelt . faith that is in them. Prof. Beckwith, and thirty others from Europe, of Chicago Theological Seminary America, China, Japan, India and (Congregational), here attempts- with good success-to present the elsewhere. reasonable, logical conception of God Islemen of Bride. By M. E. M. Don:iJ.dson. in harmony with modern discoveries 8vo. 165 pp. 88, 6d net. Alexander and ideals. He does not follow the G-ardner. Paisley, Scotland. 1922. Bible wholly as a revelation from God but accepts many Biblical teach- The quaint life on the Hebrides ings as the source of our conceptions Islands is described here in all its sim- of God. He seeks to sift the many plicity and picturesqueness. There views of the Almighty and to reach are legends and primitive customs, a conclusion in harmony with modern simple Catholic, worship of the pre- philosophy and experience. He also reformation type and some excellent studies modern conceptions of God, character studies. The book is of theistic arguments, His relation to especial interest to 10veTS of Scotland.

Matter and Spirit. A Study of Mind and evil, His personality and immanence. Body in their Relation to the Spiritual These studies are very clear and valu- Life. By James B. Pratt. 12mo. 232 able to discerning students and will pp. $1.50. The Macmillan Co. New strengthen faith in the" Living God. ' , York. 1923. Prof. Beckwith's conception of the deity of Christ is not so clear as might These philosophical lectures by the be desired but he declares that "His professor of philosophy in Williams essence is eternaL" College are metaphysical rather than popular. They are opposed to athe- ism and to materialism. Prof. Pratt The Junior Citizen. B:r J oycs Constance Manuel, assisted by Charlotte R. Headley. believes in dualism and in the super- Illustrated, Patterns. 8vo. 164 pp. $1.60. natural but his belief seems to be The Pilgrim Press. Boston. 1923. based on philosophy and not on revelation from God. For workers with boys and girls of 9 to 11 years of age ,this series of les- The Faith that Overcomes the World. By sons in World Helpfulness is of very Van Rensselaer Gibson. 12mo. 110 pp. practical value. It may be used in $1.00. The Macmillan Co. New York. Daily Vacation Bible Schools, Week- 1923. day Religious Instruction, etc. The In a devotional, contemplative course is supplementary to that ususpirit, the author of these studies in ally given in Church schools and the the way of higher knowledge, gives a twenty-five lessons relate to our homes, philosophical remedy for fear, igno- our country, our community and rance, failure, sin, sickness and death. other lands. They include stories He denies the reality of spiritual (Biblical and secular), conversations,

investigations, memory work, drama- lIodern Christian Callings. By various tizations, play and poster work, hand- writers. Macmillan Co. 75 cents. 1922. work, songs, etc. Parents and teach- ers will find here many valuable sug- This little book treats of "Biblical gestions and programs. Teaching in School and College"; " Executives for Christian Enter- The Lutherall World Almanac and Annual prises;" and "Social Service," in Encyclopedia. Bvo. 293 pp. National papers contributed by Irving F. Lntheran Council, 437 Fifth Avenue, New Wood, professor of Biblical Literature York. 1923. in Smith College; Dwight H. Day, secretary of the Board of Missions of The 1,500,000 members of Lutheran the Presbyterian Church; and Dr. churches in America who cooperate in ;William Bailey, professor of Practhe Lutheran National Council, will tical Philanthropy at Yale. The welcome this year book with its wealth writers show the personal and eduof information about the Church year, cational requirements necessary for the various synods and societies, the each line of activity. Our young peoministry, benevolent, missionary and pre. need such information to enable church statistics, educational insti- them to decide on a life work. A tutions and missionary work at home' pastor might well keep a book of this and abroad. kind to loan to forward-looking mem- bers .of his congregation. Cave Boys. By H. M. Burr. IUus. Svo. 200 pp. $1.50. Association Press. New A New Woman's lIagazine. York. 19€3. Women and Missions, the first num- The "Stone Age" furnishes many ber of t,he combined Presbyterian opportunities for the play of the im- periodicals, Woman's Work and Home agination-unhampered by historic Mission Monthly, appears in very atfacts. Gigantic animals abounded and tractive form for April, 1924. It is primitive conditions prevailed, but published under the joint auspices of how much men knew or what they did the Woman's Committees of the is not recorded. Mr. Burr tells the Boards oj' Foreign Missions and Nastories of his heroes-Hu, the He'aler tional Missions of the Presbyterian (a hunchback boy); Rune, the Ques- Church in the U. S. A. tioner; Pinx, Maker of Pictures, and four others who represent stages in The Editor is Miss Lucia P. Towne, the supposed evolution of man. The 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. stories are interesting but their chief The first number is a magazine of lessons are found in the account of forl,y pages, well illustrated and with man's effort to overcome obstacles to a very interesting variety of topics, progress. ably presented. Among the articles are the following: "Has Migration Nor ScrIpt. Amy Wilson Carmichael. 12mo. Helped the Colored Race?"; "Lep- 124 pp. Is, 6d. Society for the Propa· rosy in Africa" and "The Three R's gation of Christian Knowledge. Madras, for Missionary Babies." India; 1921. Every Presbyterian woman and For private circulation among many others will be interested to read friends of the work, Miss Carmichael this magazine. The price is $1.00 a tells the wonderful story of how God year. has fulfilled His promises and has supplied all their needs in the mission The Missio71ary Survey, the official at Dohnavur. The story is charm- organ of the Presbyterian Church ingly told and cannot fail to impress (Sout,h) has now taken the name" The one with the spiritual message. Hu- Presbyterian Survey." It is an exman interest coupled with the evi- cellent magazine of 64 pages, pubdence of divine working captivate the lished in Richmond, Virginia. Price mind and heart. $1.00 a year.

BOOKS

Story of John G. Faton (told for young Bible and Spiritual Life. Arthur T. Pier- folks). Dr. James Paton.. 254 pp. $1.50. son. 483 pp. $2.00. Biola Book Room.

George R. Doran Co. New York. 1924. Los Angeles. 1923.

Mackay of Uganda. Mary Yale. 212 pp. Beyond Shanghai. Harold Speakman. 198 $1.25. George H. Doran Co. New York. pp. $2.50. Abington Press. New York.

1924. 1922.

Mexico, An Interpretation. Carleton Beals. Buddhism and Buddhists in China. Lewis 280 pp. $2.50. B. W. Huebsch. New Hodons. 84 pp. $1.25. Macmillian Co.

York. 1923. New York. 1924.

The Three Religions of China. W. E. Soot· China and Her Peoples. Lena Johnston.

hill. 264 pp. $2.85. Oxford University 131 pp. $1.50. George H. Doran Co.

Press. New York. 1923. New York. 1923.

A Vision of ChriStian and Buddhist Fellow- Erromanga, the Martyr Isle. H. A. Robert· ship in the Search for Light and Reality. son. 467 pp. $1.50. George H. Doran Dwight Goddard. 16 pp. Los GatOS', Co. New York. 1923. California. 1924. The Ethical Teaching of Jesus. Ernest F. The World's Living Religions. Robert E. Scott. ]29 pp. $1.50. Macmillian Co. Hume. 298 pp. $1.75. Charles Scribner's New York. 1924. Sons. New York. 1924. The Family Worship. Wilbur B. Stover. Tides of India-a Fageant Play. Helen L. 134 pp. 75 cents. College Press. Mt. Willcox. 64 pp. 50c. Abingdon Press. Morris, Ill. 1924. New York. God's Word to Women. Katharine C. Bush- Frank Dennison Phinney. D. C. Gilmore. nell. 127 Sunnyside Avenue, Oakland, 71 pp. American Baptist Mission Press. California. 1923. Rangoon, Burma. 1924. Hispanic-Amerioan Relations with the The Life of the Ancient East. James United States. Wm. S. Robertson. 470 Baikie. 148 pp'. $4.00. Macmillan Co. pp. Oxford University Press. New York. New York. 1923. 1923.

Geschichte der Evangelischen Mission in India Through New Eyes. David Walters.

Afrika. D. Julius Richter. 813 pp. C. 64 pp. 6d. Livingstone Press. London.

Bertelsman. Giitersloh, Germany. 1922. 1923.

The Ideals of Asceticism. O. Hardman. Indische Missionsgeschichte. Julius Rich· 221 pp. $2.00. Macmillan Co. New ter. 557 pp. C. Bertelsmann. Giitersloh, York. 1924. Germany. 1924.

Where Evolution and Religion Meet. John In China Now. .T. C. Keyte. 154 pp.

M. and Cerle C. Coulter. 105 pp. $1.25. $1.50. George H. Doran Co. New York.

Macmillan Co. New York. 1924. 1923.

The Inftuence of the Bible. Thomas Tip- Knowing the Scriptures. Arthur T. Pier- lady. 128 pp. $1.00. Fleming H. son. 458 pp. $1.50. Biola Book Room.

Revell Co. New York. 1924. Los Angeles. 1924.

Testament for Fishers of Men. Wade C. The Land of Saddle-Bags: A Study of the Smith. 50c to $1.50. Onward Press. Mountain People of Appalaehia. James Richmond, Va. Watt Raine. 260 pp. $1.50. Missionary Education Movement. New York. 1924. National Health Series. (20 volumes.) Edited by National Health Council. 30c David Livingstone. Hubert F. Livingstone each. Flexible Fabricoid. Funk & Wag_ Wilson. 230 pp. $1.35 net. George H. nalls Co. New York. 1924. Cancer: Doran. New York. 1924. Nature, Diagnosis and Cure. Francis Carter Wood. Man and the Microbe: Protestantism-Its Principles and Reasons. How Communicable Diseases are Con- R. Ditterich. 62 pp. 30· cents. Bible trolled. C. F.. A. Win&low. Community Institnte Colportage Association. Chicago. Health: How to Obtain and Preserve It. 1924. D. B. Armstrong. The Baby's Health: Richard A. Bolt. Personal Hygiene: The Thoughts on Certain Things That Matter. Rules for Right Living. Allan.T. Mc- Benjamin L Greenwood. 32 pp. Marshall Laughlin. Bros. London. 1923.

Spiritual Message in Modern English The Teaching W()rk ()f the Church. Com- Poetry. Arthur S. Hoyt. 290 pp. $2. mittee on the War and Religious Outlook. Macmillan Co. New York. 1924. 309 pp. $2.00. Association Press. New York. 1924.

What Is Modernism 7 Leighton Parks. 150 The Jews in America. B. J. Hendrick. pp. $1.00. Scribner's Sons. New York. 171 pp. 68. Heinemann. London. 1923. 1924. Buddhism and Christianity. A Contrast Seven Qnestions in Dispute. William Jen- and a Parallel. J. Estlin Carpenter. 319 nings Bryan. 158 pp. $1.25. Fleming pp. 3s, 6d. Hodder & Stoughton. Lon. H. Revell Co. New York. 1924. don. 1923.

Guinea Evangelization Society

Former Savages Are Transformed Into Christian Workers Through the Teaching of the Bible You Can Help—lf You Will Kwato Needs a Bible School. It Will Cost $50,000 and Will Train Papuan Christians to Win Their Countrymen to Christ THIS SCHOOL INCLUDES Dormitory for Girls ……… $1,500 Dormitory for Boys……… 1,500 ASchooIBuilding ………. 5,000 Dormitory for Women. . . . . . 4,000 DGrmitoryfor Men……… 4,000 Community Dining Hall….. 3,500 A Kitchen……………. 2,000 A RAW NEW GUINEA HEATHEN One Hundred Dollars a Year Will Train Two Christian Evangelists Graduated Volunteers Are Ready to Go Out from America if Their Support Is Provided A Hospital Is Greatly Needed for a Popu~ . lation of 20,000 Pc::ople. It Will .Also Train Native Nurses. Total Cost, $50,000 A Child in the Mission School Can Be Supported for $30 a Year WILL YOU HELP?

Send Your gifts 10: KAGO, A PAPUAN EVANGEUST WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York New Guinea Evangelization Society, Inc.

REV, CHARLES W. ABEL, Miaaionary Jorn the Societ)'. Quarterly Reports Will Be Mailed to Members BOARD OF DIRECTORS Samuel R. Boggs. Pres. Allan Sutherland, Sa. Philip E. Ho'ward John L. Steele Hugh R. Monro. Vue-Pres. Delavan L. Pierson Valter Th{cDougal1, Treas. Rev. Charles ", Abel Arthur Y. Meeker Robert P. Vilder II"" G. A. Miller Alwyn flaB, Jr.

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1916

REV. DAVID IJROl- A HErWEW

MHSSR©NAJQY FHJR7ES 1. .Many of the new officials in the Mexican Government are Protestants, and many native young women, trained in mission-schools, arc heing elll- ploycd to institute educational reforms. (See page 186.) 2. The results of forty-four years patient labor and sacrifice in the Ameri- can lfission at 'an, Turkey, seems to have been obliterated hy the recent massacres, hut the missionaries who have oeen driven out arc eagerly waiting to return to rehuild the work. (See page 169.) 3. About two million Russians, now war prisoners in German and Austrian camps, are definitely accessible to the Gospel message through evangeli- cal literature, as never before in history. (See page 161.) 4. The Covernment of Yucatan, JvIexieo, has taken steps to eliminate the Roman Catholic clerical influence from politics. Roman Catholic churches are deserted, while the kin(lness of Prote,tant missionaries to the sick and wounded has opened many hearts, and large and atten- tive andiences come to hear their message. (Sec pa.~T 163.) 5. It is estimated that, of the 50,000,000 people in South America, there are 40,000,000 who have llCHr ha(1 the Cospcl of Christ so presented to them that they havc nndcrstooc1 it and the real claim of CIlrist upon their Jives. (See page 221.) 6. Intoxicating liquors, which cause the "modem demon-possession," have heen cast out 0 f 5(''cn more states in ;merica hy la Ys in force .Tannary 1. 1916. Eightecn states now are lined np for prohihition. (Sec page 223.) 7. Young Armenian girls have reccntly bcen Jlut up fOI' sale as slaves to wealthy Turks ill Constantinople, according to a correspondent of a Swiss paper. The prices ranged from $1.6D uJl. (Sec page 227.) 8. The war promises to removc one of the great hindrances to the (''an- gelization of Syria and Turkcy~llamely, lack of good roads and rail- ways. These arc now being built rapidly for arlllY transportation and will later become highways for the Cospel. (See page 163.) 9. A men's religion clnh in Philadelphia has cllI'ollce! 110,000 memhers in tl1(' past year. Its progrcss and methods arc heing watche(1 with tllC greatcst intcl'cst hy leaders in all denominations. (Sec page 167.) 10. i remarkahle revival has recently hcen expericnced in SlIchowfll, China. The fonndations were laid when the Christians prepared for the meet- ing's hy prayer-groups a11(1 hv special stt](l: of the work of the 1foly Spirit in the hook of Acts. (Sec page 201.) 11. A St'udcnt Volunteer Cospel team from Peking Uni'ersity, China, reccntly started ont rlrest in khaki uni forms arid pith helmets, witll hanners and drullls, hymn-hooks, Bihles, amI stereoptiron, to conduct an evangelistic ca1lpaign in various Chinese villages. Crowds greete(j thelll eTry- where. (Sec page 232.) Di rector of the Hebrew Christian Testimony to Israel '1lission in London, Eng1and. David Baron was horn ill Snwalki, Hussian _Poland, in the yeul' 185.S, His parents vere pious, orthooox Jews . When a lad he went to England, where he has since lived for over forty years. In England he first read a copy of the New Testament, and became a believer 1n and a follower of Jesus Christ He waS connected with the lIildmay :rvlission to the Jews fGr sixteen years after his conversion; but in 1893 the Hebrew Christian Testimony to Israel was founded, and ]'Ir. Daron be-came a di rector with the Rev. C. A. Schonhel'ger, brother-in-law of the late Adolph Sop.hir. This 1nlssion is devoted to preaching ::Ind teaching the Word Q.f God by word of mouth, by pen, and by life. The workers are Hebrew Christians. Thl'ee missionaries are now working in Europe t1lHler difficulties, one of them in Russia ministering funds sent for the relief of the dlstrest Jews, another in Germany. and another in Hungary. I E IE ( /",- ;-,.., . ~), ~ OF THE WORLD V01. XXXIX. No. 3 MARCH, 1916 Vol. XXIX. No.3 Old Series New Series OPPORTUNITIES AMONG WAR service-such as may never come again. PRISONERS The International Y. M. C. A. has ONE great reason for working and been able, through its representatives praying to keep the United in Europe, to obtain the consent of the British, French, German, al1d States out of the European war, if it Russian governments to establish can be done righteously, is the po- tents in many of the prison camps, sition of influence now offered among where work is conducted along educathe citizens of all the warring na- tional and social service lines. The retions. Never in history have there sult has been most gratifying in debeen so many prisoners of war at veloping a healthful life and spirit one time. Russia alone claims to have among the prisoners and good will toover one million German and Austrian ward the ideals represented by the prisoners of war, and the Central Young Men's Christian Association. Powers· claim some 2,000,000 Allied captives. Ther'e are in addition the The unusual opportunity to reach prisoners held in France, England, the Russian prisoners in Germany Italy, and Egypt-a total of prob- with the Gospel of Christ has lead a ably four million men who are shut group of American Christians to form up in enemies' prison camps with no a "Committee for Gospel Work comforts of life, little to do, almost Among War Prisoners." There is nothing to read, and much to think an executive committee, including Dr. about. These prison camps offer an W. 1. Haven, secretary of t!he unusual opportunity for Christian The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by con~ tributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

American Bible Society, Mr. D. M. lllcnt in Russian is ready for distribu- O. Shelton, the president of the tion, many suitable evangelical tracts National Bible Society and the editor have been translated, men are ready, of the REVIEW. The treasurer of and only the funds and the prayers the fund is Mr. Edwin M. Bulkley, of Christians are needed to lay foun- of Spencer, Trask & Company, dations on which will be built the Bankers, 25 Broad Street, New York. temple of God for times of peace.

It is weI! known that the Orthodox (Greek) Church in Russia has al- THE OUTLOOK IN MEXICO ways strongly opposed evangelical NORMAL conditions are gradually work in the territory of the Czar. being restored in Mexico under Princes and peasants have had no . real privilege of hearing the Gospel General Carranza, altho peace has because of ecclesiastical and govern- not yet returned. While the Con- mental regulations. Now, however, stitutional troops are seeking to elim- over two million Russians of all inate Villa, the Red Cross workers classes are shut up in German and are endeavoring to stamp out the epi- Austrian camps and welcome any demic of typhus fever. The number diversion. It is an unusual oppor- of cases is variously stated at figures tunity to give them copies of the New from 5,000 to 70,000 in Mexico City Testament and evangelical tracts in alone. their own language. Since the Y. M. C. A. workers are unable to under- Most Qf the Protestant mission take this direct evangelism, the Amer- workers have returned to their posts, ican Committee has been formed for so that schoois and churches are distinctively Gospel work. The way again being opened. Everywhere the . is open, since the German govern- American missionaries have received ment has granted permission for the a hearty welcome, and report greater distribution of Christian tracts and openings for evangelical work than Testaments. A Russian prisoner also before the series of revolutions. It expresses the desire of many hearts is a remarkable fact that, in spite of in a petition recently received, which the location of Northern Presbyterian being translated reads: missions in disturbed districts, none of the mission property has been de- I have the honor most humbly to re- stroyed. quest you to please send to us, Russian war-prisoners, spiritual literature and The new government has shown de- explanations in the Russian print, to the cided friendliness to Protestants, and following addres'S: has appointed a number of leading Christians to positions of importance Besitzer Friedrich, Heinrichsdorf, bei in the national and state govern- Bischdorf, Rossel, Ost Preussen. ments. A leading member of the DIMITRY SmONOFF. Methodist Church, Professor Andres Osuna, is the new Commissioner of (A Petition.) There is a time in the affairs of Education for the Federal District.

men at war which, taken at the flood, The kindness of missionaries and leads on to God; neglected-but let it other Christians toward the sick, not be neglected. The New Testa- starving, and wounded has opened

16 ] SIGNS OF THE

many hearts. A revival of religion whatsoever between the Mexican in Yucatan is reported, with eager government and Protestantism, but, and attentive audiences. Prof. R. A. as one of the officials writes: "The Brown, of Merida, writes: present political leaders are very "To one who knows Mexico of friendly to Protestant Christians be- five years ago, the first striking cause of their sound character, intel- change is the absence of the clatter ligence, and high principles. Surely and bang of innumerable bells of the the good men who are products of as almost innumerable Catholic missionary work in Mexico are hav- churches. I have been in the coun- ing the best of opportunity to reform try thirty days, and have not seen the people and their institutions."

one man, woman, or child go in or Many Catholics are asking why out of a Roman church. Everyone their temples are closed -and the that I have seen, from cathedral to evangelical churches continue their country chapel, is tightly shut by or- services without hindrance. Some der of the government. Some Cath- people's eyes are opening to the truth, olic friends started to mass the other and they are beginning to surmise Sunday morning, but could find no that there may be a better way than church open. It is said that some are the only one they ever really knew.

kept open, for it is not the aim of Without doing injustice to the Rothe revolution to do away with re- man Catholics of Mexico, it is hoped ligion, but with the political intrigues that the Evangelical Christians will of the clergy and their exploitation have a benevolent and predominating of poor, ignorant people. The new influence in the regeneration of Mex- government seems determined to ex- ICO.

tirpate every vestige of clerical power in politics, and it has the middle THE NATIONAL MISSIONARY classes with it, heart and fist. CAMPAIGN "Last week the great, aristocratic GREAT audiences of men are re- church of Merida was swept clean ported in attendance at all the of its last idol, and turned over to conventions of the Laymen's Mission- the Students' League of Yucatan for ary Movement. In Chicago there its assembly room. A certain Mexi- were 4,557' paid registered delegates can, whose hands were still covered from over twenty denominations. In with the. dust of the idols he had Boston there were over I,OOO dele- been helping to smash, said to a gates from one denomination alone.

friend of mine, 'We saved a few In Fargo, North Dakota, with a popu- images, which we are going to take lation of only 20,000, there were to the public schools, and standing 1,300 delegates.

them up before the children, say, The results of these conventions "Here you see what a santo looks are most encouraging. Not only are like, and now you see how he can be men awakened to their responsibility destroyed," then with a hammer the for Christian work at home and image will be pounded to pieces be- abroad, but in many churches syste- fore the eyes of the children.' " matic mission study has been inatt- There is, of course, no alliance gurated, and every-member canvass

programs for the increase of gifts. the problem of local church efficiency.

After the Chicago Convention there The permanence of the work is pro- was a week of missionary education vided for by the organization of for six Episcopal churches, and an "follow-up" committees in every con- every-member canvass showed an in- vention area.

crease of $10,000 in gifts for con- Great preparations are being made gregational expenses and for mIS- for the National Convention in Wash- sions. New members were also add- ington, D.C., in April.

ed to the churches.

Here are some of the results re- AMERICAN HOME MISSION LEADERS ported from a few of the conventions IN CONFERENCE already held; HOME and foreign missionary Ninety-five per cent. of the dele- leaders hold their council of gates to the Boston Convention were spiritual peace and war during the laymen. Only 125 ministers regis- second week in January, when re- tered as delegates. ports are given by various commit- The Columbia, S. c., Committee tees, and plans are made for further arranged with the railroads of South progress. About four hundred gath- Carolina, to hang two campaign ered in New York for a preliminary posters in every railroad station of dinner on Monday evening, January any importance in the state. 10th. During the following three The number of towns represented days the Home Mission Council met at the Boston Convention, outside of in Madison Square Presbyterian Boston, was 95. A total of 435 Church, and some 250 delegates went churches was represented in the 2,592 to Garden City, Long Island, for the delegates at the Boston Convention. Foreign Missions Conference.

A Baltimore woman and her Many important phases of the so- daughter decided to buy an automo- cial and religious life in America bile, and had looked at various makes were discust by the home mission of- and consulted agents; but after the ficials of all denominations.

Baltimore Convention, they decided The Indian problem was .presented to put $600 into the support of a by Rev. Henry Roe Cloud, the Win- missionary and defer the purchase of nebago Indian, who told of his new a, motor-car. institute at Wichita, Kansas, where Many denominations cooperated in ten young men from ten different the conventions. The number of dele- tribes are in training for leadership.

gates shows a gain of 57 per cent. A Hungarian pastor from Toledo de- over the conventions of 15)06, and scribed the growth of his church each pays two dollars for registra- from nothing to five hundred mem- tion. Much preparatory work had bers in five years, and of $20,000 been done by denominational confer- gifts from their poverty. Dr. Powell, ences, by teams of laymen in sur- of Louisville, a Southerner, made a veys of the convention districts, in plea for his negro neighbors.

rallies of the churches, by advance Dr. Perry, the Home Mission agents in the convention cities, and Council's representative in mISSIOn also by a group of commissions on work at ports of entry, reported th~

16 ] SIGNS OF THE TIMES

effort to introduce team work among mission boards. It is hoped that the fifty-six missionaries at Ellis Isl- economy of effort and increased value and. Dr. Varren H. Wilson report- may result from a study up of these ed the advance in the field of the subjects by the united committee.

rural church, Dr. Herman F. Swartz, The united study committee report- the appeal of the city, Dr. H. P. ed that the book of studies for next Douglass an accourit of the remark- year will be "The Two Americas," a able cooperation between denomina- text-book so constructed as to combine tions in Porto Rico. foreign and home mission interests.

An important action was the ap- proval of the move by representatives AMERICAN FOREIGN MISSIONS of five denominations in Utah look- DURING the year 1915 the gifts ing towftrd complete cooperation in to foreign Missions, reported that state. Baptists, Congregational- through the Protestant organizations, ists, Methodists, Presbyerians, and show an increase over the previous Episcopalians, have entered into year of $2,186,628 (see insert).

agreement that all questions bearing This includes an increase of $423,- on the location and relationship of 300 received for investment and existing mission churches shall be $300,000 increase for relief work.

submitted to a committee of three The Canadian missionary societies on national secretaries, whose decisions account of the war, show a decrease shall be final. All questions as to the in Foreign missionary contributions location of new missions are to be of $92,703. Nothing is reported for passed upon by a joint state com- investment but $39,809 was given mission of the denominations con- for famine and similar relief work.

cerned, whose approval shall be a pre- The spiritual results of the war are requisite to action. There shall also however very marked in Canada as be an annual conference of the five pointed out by Dr. James Endicott. bodies for the study of common prob- The foreign missions conference lems. represents 40 boards, 9,000 mission- This is the direct result of the aries, and an annual expenditure of work of the "Neglected Fields Sur- $17,600,000. A few years ago the vey," undertaken some years ago by annual budget of the conference and the Home Missions Council. its committees was $5,000, while to- day it is $70,000, including the The U~ited Missions Committee $50,000 grant of the Rockefeller which was appointed by the Foreign Foundation. Missions Conference and the Home Missions Council to act as a bond of One of the most stirring sessions union between them and for coopera- of the conference was spent in the tion with interdenominational bodies, study of the unoccupied fields of the presented the first annual report. One world. The great unoccupied and of its early undertakings will be to unclaimed areas of South America, Africa, and Asia were shown on a study in missionary finance, educa- large map, and the condition of these tion publicity, recruiting and placing people was described by various these studies at the service of all speakers. Nineteen hundred years

after Christ, 275,000,000 human be- BRITISH MISSIONARY FINANCES ings do not know of the Savior of the world. Charles R. Watson, F. S. WHILE the gifts to benevolent and missionary objects in Brockman, J. Campbell White, Robert America have increased during the E. Speer, John R. Mott and Charles past year, the strain of the war and H. Patton spoke to various phases its many resulting needs has naturalof the theme. The question was ly caused a falling off in the income debated as to whether "adequate oc- of many societies in Great Britain. cupation" of a given field is to be Two years ago the London Missionmeasured by the specific presentation ary Society decided on a line of of Christ to every individual resid- policy in order to avoid retreat and ing there or by the establishment of withdrawal. This involved a reduca native church strong enough to pro- tion in the annual expenditure of ceed independently to the evangeliza- $32,500, and an annual increase in tion of its own people. All agreed income for a period of three years with Dr. Speer, that the foundation of $50,000 a year, which was the and cultivation of a native self pro- minimum required to finance its expagating church does not exclude the isting work with a clean balancefundamental purpose of the mission- sheet. The churches endorsed this ary to preach the gospel to all people decision by supplying the first instalin every land. ment of $50,000 in the first year. Then came the war, and an immedi- Another thrilling session was on ate shrinkage of income, which has, the war and missions. This was de- unfortunately, coincided with a large voted largely to the condition of Ger- falling off in leg~cies. At its Deman missionaries interned in lands cember meeting, the Board faced a controlled by the Allies. A commit- probable deficiency of $125,000 for tee of the conference has sent to the year ending March 31st, and these and a few French missionaries, voted a minimum reduction in expenfor their personal needs, about $30,- diture for the succeeding year of 000, gathered from the various $50,000. This will involve the enboards. tire closing of its mission in Cal- cutta, established nearly one hundred The Board of Missionary Pre- years ago, which has twelve Europaration reported that they have in pean missionaries, important highpreparation a series of authoritative schools for girls and boys, teacherbooks on Confucianism, Buddhism, training work, and villagers' boarding Hinduism, Islam and Animism, for schools. The Mirzapur Mission, inthe use of missionaries whose work volving five missionaries and a large is to be with people of these religious Indian staff for educational and systems. A movement is on foot evangelistic work, is also to be given for the coordination and possible up. Other extensive relinquishments consolidation of mission publishing are proposed in New Guinea and the plants throughout the world. One South Seas. The only thing that can of the greatest encouragements is in avert this catastrophe is an adequate the gradual progress toward cooper- response on the part of the Society's ation.

OF THE

constituency before March 31st. which counts (in 15 bodies) 6,307,- May the way be provided for the 055 communicants. All Presbyter- continuance of these important mis- ians number 2,104,039 (12 bodies), SIons. and the Lutherans (in 20 bodies) num- ber 2.434,184 communicants. The TAMERICAN CHURCH STATISTICS largest gains are given for the Meth- HE statistics for churches in the odists (144,079), and the next for United States for 1915 have been the Baptists (130,838), while Roman gathered by Dr. Henry K. Carroll of Catholics report 187,795 increase. Lu- the Federal Council of the Churches therans show a 10,786 decrease. In of Christ in America. These figures 25 years the net gain for Protestants show a total net gain in communi- is nearly 12,000,000 and for Roman cants of 653,64o-not as large by Catholics 7,817,000, or over 100 per 128,000 as the gain reported a year cent.

ago. A loss of 150 churches is per- plexing, unless it is due in part to THE STONEMEN'S FELLOWSHIP union movements such as that of the A GROWING seriousness and in- terest in religion has been report- Cumberland Presbyterians with the ed from many parts of the United States as well as in Canada, Great Presbyterians (North). Britain, and the Continent. One re- markable example is in the "Stone- The total membership in all men's Fellowship," a men's church club which was organized some time ago by churches is given as 39,380,718, of the rector of Holy Trinity Church, whom – 14,°49,063 are Roman Cath~ Philadelphia. Since the "Billy" Sun- day campaign a year ago, the memberolics (including children) . While ship has grown to about I 10,000 men, perhaps less than half of them of the Jewish congregations report 143,000 voting age. The members are from many different Christian bodies or heads of families in which there are members of none, but are bound in close fellowship, meeting for prayer probably 700,000 members, where and Bible-reading. While founded by an Episcopal rector, the movement are the other 2,000,000 Hebrews in has spread into many other denomi- nations. America? Dowie's Christian Cath- Naturally there has been serious olic Church is' evidently dying and opposition to the movement, which started in a Protestant Episcopal refuses information. The Christian church, and there are grave dangers that beset it-one of which ·is that a Scientists have given no returns for members since 1907. The largest Protestant denominations are the fol- lowing: Churches. Commu~ Ministers. 9,575 nicants. 16,842 Baptists (Noeth) ., 8,290 1,252,633 National Baptists .. 13,806 6,108 2,018,868 Congregational …•• 5,923 8,494 Disciples ……….. 6,161 28,428 771,362 Methodist (North) .18,813 16,787 1,363,163 Methodist (South) . 7,203 9,881 3,657,594 Presbyterian (North) 9,560 3,438 2,072,035 Presbyterian (Soutb) 1,850 8,061 1,495,157 Protestant Episcopal. 5,538 1,759 Ref. Ch. in U. S … 1,213 3,507 332,339 United Brethren .. , 1,875 1,040,896 320,459 339,215 The largest denominational Protes- loose sort of membership in the Fel- tant family is the Methodist, which lowship will be looked upon as reports 7,472,108 members (in 16 equivalent to full confession of faith bodies). The next is the Baptist, in Christ.

EVENTS

March 1st to 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Little Rock, Ark. 1st, 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., San Diego; Cal. 1st, 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Columbus, Ohio. 3d-50th Birthday Celebration of the Young Women's Christian Association. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, El Paso, Texas. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Oklahoma, Okla. 7th-The 80th anniversary of the birth of Bishop Thobum of India, 1836. 8th to 10th, 12th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Ft. Worth, Texas. 12th to 14th–Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Harrisburg, .Fa. 12th to 15th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Houston, Texas. 12th to 19th-Christian and Missionary Alliance Conv., Pittsburg, Pa, 19th to 21st-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Worcester, Mass. 22d to 24th, 26th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Scranton, Pa, 22d to 26th-Baptist Young People's Missionary Conf., Ft. Worth, Texas. 26th to 28th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Binghamton, N. Y. 29th to 31st, Apr. 2d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Syracuse, N. Y.

April 7th-The 375th anniversary of the sailing of Xavier for India, 1541. 9th to 12th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, New York, N. Y. 9th to 12th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Brooklyn} N. Y. 22d-The llOth anniversary of the landing of Henry Martyn in India, 1806. 26th to 30th-Laymen's National Missionary Congress, Washington, D. C. 27th-The 40th anniversary of the sailing of Mackay for Uganda, 1876. Apr. 30th to May 2d-United Brethren Mis'sionary Conf., Bowling Green, O.

May 1st-The 100th anniversary of the birth of Fidelia Fiske, of Persia, 1816. 8th-The lOOth anniversary of founding of the American Bible Society, 1816. 14th-The 25th anniversary of the death of Bishop Valpey French, 1891. 17th to 22d-Southern Baptist Convention, Asheville, N. C. 21st-The 25th anniversary of the death of James Gilmour, Mongolia, 1891.

June 2d-The 15th anniversary of the death of George L. Mackay, Formosa, 1901.

2d to 5th-Inter-Church Conf. on Christian Cooperation, Atlantic City, N. J.

6th to 16th-Y. W. C. A. Student Summer Conference, Blue Ridge, N. C. 7th to 14th-Conf. of missionaries of Pres. Ch, in U. S., New York. N. Y, 23d to July 3d-Y. W. C. A. Student Summer Conference, Seabeck, Wash. 23d to July 3d-Y. W. C. A. Student Summer Conference, Silver Bay, N. Y. 26th to 30th-Convention Anti-Saloon League in America, Indianapolis, Ind. 26th to July 6th-Missionary Education Movement Conf. Blue Ridge, N. C.

VAN, ON THE BORDER, BETWEE N RUSSIA, PERSIA, AND

Mount Ararat in the background and a Turkish fort in the foreground Thrilling Experiences In Van BY A M I SS IO NA RY WHO PASSED THRO UGH THREE MASSA CRES ~V AN is a city situated them 2,500 years ago. One of these on the eastern shore of inscriptions was 'cut high in the rock an intensely blue lake, above the city, by Xerxes the Great, near the southeastern while on his march toward Greece, corner of Turkey in 500 years before the Christian era. Asia. This beautiful body of ',ater 5,500 feet above the Of the many races that have dwelt sea, is picturesquely located among and battled among these mountains, mountains that lift their heads from only three remain- the Armenians, five to eight thousand feet higher, Kurds, and Turks. From remote aninto the region of perpetual snow. tiquity, Van has been a loved center Three of the peaks are extinct vol- for the Armenian race, who for canoes and from the mountain im- centuries have here held their own mediately behind the city, we can see against Persian fire-worshipers and the hoary crest of old Ararat, 17,400 other foes. During all these cenfeet high. On the summit of Mt. turies the Armenians have main- Ararat converge the boundaries of tained their loyalty to the Christian Turkey, Persia, and Russia. faith, despite persecution and oppres- sion. The many cuneiform inscriptions found on the rocks around Van, Tho they have been enslaved by their have been recently deciphered, and rulers, even Islam has, to some detell of the races which dwelt about gree, protected and appreciated them. It has remained for this twentieth

Christian century, boasting of its me through the length of the village, progress and its kuitftr, to permit hooting, throwing snowballs and the Turks and Kurds to attempt, with stones, and pouring dry manure on fiendish cruelty and in cold blood, to my head from the roofs. Finally, wipe out the ancient and honorable I reached the house of the headman of the village, who gave me shelter, DR. GEORGE C. R:YNOLDS OF VAN and with difficulty restrained the pur- suing crowd. Some of the young Armenian race from the face of the men who joined our missions were earth. turned out of their homes, while several violent attempts were made American Mission to prevent the marriage of our young men to non-Protestant girls. Van became a missionary station of the American Board in 1872, The bitterness between the N ationwhen Henry S. Barnum, Joseph E. al Church and the Protestants in Scott, and George C. Raynolds lo- Van was, however, never so deep as cated in that ,city. The prejudice of in' places where the work for reform the Armenian National Church in the earlier days was new . against Protestants, was still much in evidence, and considerable persecu- Good feeling was greatly enhanced tion was suffered by those who were after the massacre of 1896, when willing to identify themselves with large sums were given for relief of the new movement. The mission- distress, the major paft coming aries themselves shared like experi- through the missionaries, and a small ences. One Sunday, when I had part being sent directly to the Head of gone to a near village to hold a meet- the Armenian Church. A joint coming, the whole population followed mittee was formed, and held weekly meetings to administer this relief. This collaboration did much to break down prejudice and to induce mutual acquaintance and confidence. The American work has enjoyed the con- fidence of the people as is evidenced by the patronage given to our schools, in which from twelve to fourteen hundred names have been enrolled in Van itself. Several hundreds have also gathered in village schools.

There has been little monotony in our work in Van. During the seven- ties the Russo-Turkish war brought the zone of conflict near, and the Kurdish troops often made us feel as if we were in a hostile camp. Outlying Armenian villages were plundered by these Kurds while on their way to the city to join the army, and again~

EXPERIENCES IN

a few weeks later, by the same they wanted, blindfolded us, bound doughty fighters, who, after receiv- our hands and feet and left us. Being their arms, deserted and strag- fore long I was able to free my gled back to their homes. hands, staullch the flow of blood and liberate my companion. We made In the spring of 1882, I had occa- our way to the next village, where sion, with the Rev. George C. Knapp, I recovered my horse and found in of Bitlis, to attend a meeting of our my saddle-bags my pocket surgical local home mISSIOnary society at case. With a little help from my. Moosh. On our return toward assistant, I patched myself up and Bitlis I was leading my horse down we mounted our horses and rode a little hill when I saw three armed SOME OF THE BUILDINGS OF THE AMERICAN MISSION IN VAN In these bui1dings were protected and fed thousands of Armenians and, later, thousarids of Turks and Kurds. during the present conflicts and massacres Kurds coming up the path, one hav- on the eight hours to Bitlis. The ing in his hand a sword, which he American Minister at the Porte dewaS waving. All three were singing manded the punishment of the Kurd, as they do at their weddings. With and indemnity for our suffering, but no thought of evil, I kept on my tho the Kurd was banished, the deway till near enough to shake hands, mand for indemnity was ignored, and when without a word, the bearer of I almost forgot the claim. Twenty the sword began slashing me over years later, after considerable Amerthe head. I was at too close quar- ican property had been destroyed by ters to flee or resist and he con- soldiers during the massacre of 1895, tinued his exercise till blood was the American government emphasized flowing freely from my head and its demands for indemnity and I was hands. Then they dragged us both surprized to receive notice from the to the bushes, where they took what Department of State that $2,500 was

THE CASTLE ROCK, JUST OUTSIDE THE CITY OF VAN waiting my order in the United States which had been sent from England Treasury on this indeplllity account. to reinstate the small surviving rem- Just at that time our Van Protestant nant-:-about one-quarter-of the Ar- community was trying to build a menian people. The district was ab- church, and with great self-denial had solutely devastated, not a roof re- raised $1,000 toward it. With $1,500 maining anywhere except on three from the indemnity we were able to stone chul1ches which could not be complete the church, which we hence burned. We fed the returned refu- sometimes call "The church that the gees till their crop of quick-growing Kurds built." maize had ripened, and helped them From 1882 till 1894 our work grew rebuild the ruined houses, and sup- slowly in size and influence. Medical plied them with material for cloth- work did its share in advancing the ing.

cause of Christ and we could feel Alas! while we were at work in that the Gospel was gaining a foot- that valley, the far greater and more hold among the community. general massacres of 1895 were being Then an unlooked for catastrophe enacted throughout the land, causing befell the Armenian people. In the the smaller Sassoon affair to be for- summer of 1894, among the moun- gotten.

tain fastnesses of Sassoon, a few The turn of Van city came in June miles southwest from Lake Van, oc-. 1896, when the orgy of blood and curred the first act of the fearful plunder continued for a whole week.

massacres of the nineties. So strict I t began with a bugle call from the a censorship was established that i@ castle, and dosed with proclamation was several months before the world officially sent to the Head of the knew what had happened. The fol- Armenians, then my guest, and lowing summer, at the request of the through him was announced to the British Ambassador at Constanti- ten or fifteen thousand people who nople, I spent some months in this had sought safety within our com- region administering relief funds pound. At that time the slaughter

EXPERIENCES IN VAN

of thousands left other thousands of fore, something for which to be prohelpless orphans thronging the streets foundly grateful. of city and village, and opened a new sphere for our exertions. The re- The years immediately following sult was the American Orphanage, the massacre were practically famine which was begun through a contri- years at Van, but the suffering of the bution from Alsace, the present people was relieved by generous conbattlefield of Europe, and enabled us tributions from Europe and America to provide for our first 25 boys and and the missionary labors were great- 25 girls. Then the Lord raised up IY'increased by the work of love in disnew friends from all the continents tributing the funds and superintendand the islands of the sea, till the ing'the industrial work. 50 children had become 500, so that during the fifteen years of its con- The medical department of mistinuance, r.early a thousand shared the sions has recently taken a prominent benefits of the institution. All the place as an auxiliary of evangelistic children were taught both book- work. But when I joined the Eastern learning and trades, while the ablest Turkey mission, I was sent as phyand most promising were carried sician for the missionaries, as it was through high school. Many of them not then thought wise to pay much have continued their studies in col- attention to the treatment of the leges and universities 111 Turkey, people. From the first a part of my Scotland and America, and have time was, however, given to native taken positions of influence in our practise, but often for considerable mission schools and college, and in periods the whole work of the America. The fruit of those fifteen station rested on me, and I could years' of orphanage work is, there- not do much medical work. Since the coming of Dr. Ussher in 1900, the Gospel of healing has come to its own among us. Dr. Ussher has A BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF VAN AND THE LAKE, FROM CASTLE ROCK

I NNOCENT VICTIMS OF TURKISH MASSACRES Armenian village school children and teacher in Van built and equipped a large hospital, menian villages, and driving out of open without distinction to Turk and the Armenian population to starve Kurd, Armenian and Yezeed, accord- and die in foreign lands. ing to their need. We believe that mimy who have come for bodily heal- To explain how this has come ing have also found healing for the about, we need to take a retrospective soul. Many who have been convert- glance at recent Turkish history. ed prefer to maintain their connection with the Gregorian Church, where When nearly a century ago, our they have exerted a powerful leaven- mIsSIOnaries began their work in ing influence. Even some intelligent Turkey, the Moslems were the ruliug Moslems who have been treated in class, and while they permitted Christhe hospital have gone forth with tian races to remain, it was only as the Bible in their hands, proclaiming rayas, downtrodden and outraged, to their friends the blessing it has and enjoying none of the rights of brought them. cItIzens. Oppression had brought such ignorance and degradation as to The Present Massacre. induce a sort of stupid contentment with their lot. The missionaries gave In the last six months the trying to the Armenians the Bible in the experiences of the past years have spoken tongue and taught them to culminated in the wiping out of our read it, established schools, broadened work, at least for the present, the their outlook and gave them a desire destruCtion of the city and the Ar- for higher things. Then they be- came discontented with their lot. The

EXPERiENCES IN VAN I75

. A PLACE OF REFUGE–THE AMERICAN- MISSION PREMISES IN VAN In the buildings of the Boys' School, thousands of refugees received protec1tion and provision during the massacres ruling race was unwilling to change powers from carrymg out their its policy, or to grant any better con- agreements, and this article remained ditions, and so it was inevitable that a dead letter. All this was not cala rebellious spirit should spring up culated to allay revolutionary activity in their hearts. Naturally more or among the Armenians. Sultan Abdul less open revolutionary movements Hamid apparently determined to get manifested themselves, tho the mis- rid of the Armenian question by getsionaries did not encourage these ting rid of the Armenians, and th~ forms of expression. result was the fiendish massacres of the nineties. He found it too big Appeals were made to the powers a job and desisted. of Europe to intervene and these appeals were more or less heeded, es- With the revolution of I908, and pecially at the close of the Russo- the coming of the Young Turkish Turkish war of the seventies~ The party into power, bright hopes were treaty of San Stefano was framed awakened among the Armenians, but so as to give to the Armenians con- this hope was not fulfilled, and when siderable freedom, and in the treaty the Allies were occupied, and Gerof Berlin, the rights of the Arme- many took Turkey as her ally, the nians were guaranteed by the well- rulers concluded that the present was known sixty-first article. Selfish the time to do what Abdul Hamid interests, however, prevented the had found too great a task-the ex-

termination of the Armenian race. taken away from them and they were Were the Armenians then respon- treated simply as slaves. Not infre- quently soldiers were taken from the sible for this persecution? Have they ranks and shot, no better reason being been justified in the revolutionary assigned than that "they might try measures which they have adopted? to desert." If the Armenians had remained in the condition of apathetic ignorance, As long ago as November, 1914, it which prevailed when the American became evident that a policy of exmissionaries began their work among termination had been d~termined on, them, these massacres would prob- which fully justified preparation for ably not have occured. But when edu- self-defense on the part of the Arcation had aroused the nation, this menians. But so far as I can disapathy could not ,continue, and it coyer in Van, wqere the conflict bewas inevitable that some effort to ob- gan, no. ov~rt :let gave any justifitain relief should come. Opinions cation for the orgy of slaughter and may differ as to whether their move- devastation which began in April, ments took the wisest form. Had the 1915. Then without provocation, hopes held out by Mr. Gladstone been unsuspecting citizens to the number fulfilled, relief would have come in of :<!,5oo, in the largest village of more peaceful guise. Certainly a the Van Vilayet. were assem!:Jled at race opprest and outraged as the the government center, and brutally Armenians were had a right to seek shot down. It was only after this relief. It is equally certain that the revelation of the government policy, Turks might have transformed dis- that the Armenian's 'ofVan organized contented revolutionists into loyal themselves· for self-defense. and useful citizens. No reasonable excuse can be framed for the Turk- Now begana' new chapter of exish government, for failing to do this. periences for the Van missionaries. Their premises were near the center Since the present war broke out, of the Armenian quarter. Neighbors the Armenians have not given, so felt that the American premises were far as I can learn, any just cause for the place of safety, and began to the ill-treatment they have received. flock thither, bringing with them They responded to the government's household goods and belongings. The call to arms as obediently as any missionaries had no disposition to reother class, and discharged their fuse them shelter and each family duties as faithfully. But the most gave up every inch possible in its unreasonable and exhausting levies own residence to these unexpected were made upon them for feeding, guests. Seats were removed from clothing and equipping the army. school rooms and church, and hun- Armenian soldiers were also dis- dreds of families crowded into these criminated against by their officers rooms, Outbuildings were filled, tents and were inadequately provided with and shanties were erected. Refugees food and clothing. They were told from the villages, mostly women and that they must obtain their own food children, with now and then a man, from their homes, tho their children crept in who had come in at night were starving. Soon their arms were from mountain fastnesses, until more

9 16] THRILLING EXPERIENCES IN VAN

than 5,000 human beings filled the however, were better informed, and a compound. The Americans exercised day or two before the Russians arthe strictest care to avoid every act rived, they raised the siege, to the which might compromise the neu- astonishment of the beleagured Artrality of their position, or might menians, and precipitately retreated give any justification for attack on across the lake and over the mounthe United States flag. For five tains. The Armenians were jubilant, weeks the Armenians of the city held and in their turn issued forth to out against all the forces of the plunder and destroy in the Turkish government. The stray shots which quarters of the city. The thousands ARMENIAN ORPHANS AT WORK ON THE THRESHING FLOOR IN VAN constantly fell in our grounds might of our guests returned to their be considered accidental, but during homes, and the American circle anthe last two days a clearly intentional ticipated relief from the strain which bombardment was carried on and the had been so long upon them. United States and Red Cross flags were shot down. Scores of bombs Protection for Modem Refugees exploded in and around our buildings and, yet wonderful to relate, only two But before the premises were fully or three fatalities resulted. emptied, a yet more unexpected band of refugees began to seek admission The Armenians found both their to their places. The fleeing Turks ammunition and food giving out, and and Kurds had left women and the longed-for news of Russian re- children in their houses, and the lief failed to come. The Turks, leaders of the Armenians sought shelter and protection for these Mos-

lems under our roofs, and more than mained for the poor people but pre- a thousand came. Here was another cipitate flight across the border in- call of God and the Americans gave to Russia. Imagine what it means them what welcome their circum- for a whole population, young and stances permitted. Food was defi- old, sick and well, to make a two cient but they managed to keep them hundred mile journey on foot across from starvation until a Russian phil- rugged mountains and barren plains, anthropist visited Van and became taking nothing with them save what interested in these people. He fur- they can carry, and leaving their nished funds for a little while, and household goods, their cows and hastened back to Russia to interest their sheep behind them.

the Countess Tolstoi-daughter of There we see a slightly built and the famous father-who responded refined music teacher, a pair of sad- to the call. The Ame6ctms did dle-bags over his shoulders, carry- all in their power for the com- ing one baby in front and another fort of these unlooked-for guests, behind, while his wife trudges by finding but very few among the his side bearing a little food for the Armenians wil1ing to serve the ha- long journey. Another young teach- ted Moslem. The crowded state of er has secured a horse to make more the premises and the habits of comfortable his bride of a year, but the refugees made proper sanitation he is compelled to see her die in impossible, and some time before the' childbirth, and is himself forced t6 Countess Tolstoi's arrival typhus excavate a grave and bury her with broke out among them. In spite of his own hands. In a mountain pass, the great risk involved the missionar- three days march from the city, the ies did not remit their efforts. Five fleeing thousands were fired upon by members of the' missionary circle Kurds, and in the panic which fol- came down with typhus, and one, lowed, the few goods which the Mrs. Ussher, died on July 15th. Americans were taking with them Her husband and Mr. and Mrs. were thrown away.

Yarrow were too ill even to be in- What had the American circle formed of the event. been able to do? The two men' had During two months after the evac- barely passed the crisis of their ty- uation by the Turks and the occupa- phus, both having hovered for hours tion of Van by Russian troops, the on the brink of the river of death.

government was under control of the Nearly all the population of the city Armenians themselves. Turk and had departed. There were but three Kurd 'were conspicuous by their horses belonging to the station, and absence, and the people dreamed of these would barely carry the sick a reestablished Armenia. But near and the children. The experiment the end of July they were rudely was tried of t~sing the cows to carry awakened by terrible rumors that the a little food and bedding, but these Russian army had been ordered to aristocratic mission cows resented evacuate the district, while news was such indignities and scattered their rife that Turkish troops were ad- loads about the premises. Fortu- vancing on the place. Nothing re- nately the Russian Red- Cross Doctors

EXPERIENCES IN VAN J79

came to the rescue, and offered some long journey to Russia, but when ambulances. So the American con- the Koords attacked the refugees, tingent followed in the track of the she met with an accident which causother fugitives, leaving the well ed a fractured leg, and the remainequipped hospital, the loved school der of the trip was made in much buildings, the consecrated church, suffering. After a twelve days' jourand their own houses with all that ney, the party reached Tif'Iis, in such these homes contained, to be plun- sorry plight that it was with the dered and destroyed by the first utmost difficulty they obtained admiscomers. sion to a hotel. Mrs. Raynolds as well as Dr. Ussher, were taken to a hos- During the months of stress and MlSSIONARY CHILDREN STARTING FOR AMERICA FROM VAN-IN TIMES OF PEACE strain, Mrs. Raynolds was the only pital, but, when the stimulus which one there of the original company came from the need of helping others who had opened the work forty- was withdrawn, she yielded to nerthree years before, her husband hav- vous and physical exhaustion and ening gone to America to secure need- tered into rest in one of the many ed funds for the college, and being Mansions which the Master has preprevented from returning by the out- pared for His own. break of war. She had borne her full share of responsibility and la- When word reached America, last bor, and despite the terrible anxiety May, that the Russians had taken and nervous strain, had kept alert possession of Van, Dr. Raynolds felt and efficient, by sheer force of will. that the way was open for his re- She started with the others on the turn home. As he was just recover- ing from a severe illness, he was

obliged to wait until July 28th, year old brother Boghos. Boghos when, with Mr. H. H. White as his was an ideal boy, faithful in all his companion, he sailed for Christiania, relations, a brilliant student, an enwith bright hopes of resuming family thusiastic worker for the Master, life in the Van home, endeared by whom we had learned in his youth forty-three years of occupation and to love, and we had high anticipawork. The long journey through tions of a life of distinguish;:d use- Sweden and Norway, around the fulness awaiting him. He was for Gulf of Bothnia, and thence to the many years a greatly loved member farthest corner of Russia on the Cas- of Mrs. Raynold's Sunday-school pian Sea, brought him to Tiflis, to class, and was deeply attached to her. find his beloved wife gone two days The souls saved through the work before his arrival, his home destroy- in Van will far more than repay the ed. Nothing remained for him but expenditures of money, time, toil to join his remaining associates, and and anxiety. But for the present to return most regretfully to Amer· the high anticipations for our growica. ing work, our expanding college, the agricultural department which was It is an unusually tragic exp~rience to make that neglected land blossom for a missionary society and for a as the rose, are held 111 check. circle of workers to meet such a Our faith looks forward to a cataclysm, and to see the work of a revival of this work, to serve not half century apparently wiped out. only a returning remnant of the Even so we do not grieve as those virile Armenian race, but to save even without hope. We believe that our the Moslem p::rpetrators of those loved ones who have already passed fiendish atrocities. The Amerkm to the other shore have found a wel- Board encourages us all, even me, at come from many who through their seventy-seven years of age, to hold help had climbed the heavenly steeps, ourselves in readiness to return, and and that they in turn are extending I am improving my enforced stay in the hand of welcome to many more America to work for Armenians rebeing sent there by the hand of dis- siding here, and to carryon the ease or violence or exposure. study of the Turkish language, so as to be ready to invite Turk and A recent letter from Russia, from Kurd to transfer their allegiance a trusted helper of many years, tells from the False Prophet to Him who of the death of his mother, his wife is now the despised Nazarene, but and her father, three of his own and is yet to be recognized as the King two of his brother's children, and of Kings and Lord of Lords. then the tears come to my eyes as he adds the name of his twenty The number of Moslem children attending mission schools, both for girls and boys, was largely on the increase before the war. Especially is this true in Turkey, Egypt, Palestine, I"dia, and Persia.

The total number of children in the areas of Islam, wholly untouched by any Christian influence, is not less than 40,000,000.

TYPICAL HOME OF THE PEON CLASS IN

The Women of Mexico BY MRS. JOHN W. BUTLER, MEXICO CITY Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church I]JI N the recent political erally well educated and have a ~ struggles in Mexico sympathetic nature. Some of the many of the palatial ladies support charitable institutions homes of the upper from their own means. Others, when _ class have been looted bereft of husband or father, have as- by mobs and many sumed the responsibility of large others have been confiscated by the estates and have negotiated business revolutionists. Some of these build- enterprises with skill and success. ings are now occcupied by the army or are used for other government The Spaniards brought with them purposes. The millionaire owners to Mexico their ideas that woman are living as exiles in a strange should be excluded from contact with land. the world outside her home. Their style of architecture favors this mode There are still rich people in Mex- of living, for the patio (an open ico, tho all have suffered more or court in the center 0 f the home), less, and some have lost all their makes it possible for the women to possessions. The wealthy class, of enjoy quiet and seclusion with the which there are comparatively few, ideal surroundings of flowering live in great luxury. The extremes of plants, singing birds, daily sunshine, wealth and poverty in Mexico are and abundance of air. The corridor not appreciated by the transient visi- surrounding the patio, on which open tor, The upper class people are gen- all the apartments of the building,

is frequently the out-of-door living Europe so that women are treated room. Here the women sew, dine, or with elaborate courtesy. entertain a few friends without leaving home or meeting the public gaze. For centuries the Mexicans were not a reading people. Education was Thus women of the higher c1as's purposely retarded, and as late as the have remained secluded and have de- eighteenth century one of the vicevoted themselves to the general roys reported that Mexico, with a supervision of family affairs, while population of 10,000,000, had only the care of details domestic are left ten schools. Books were exceedingly to the 'housekeeper. They have ser- rare in the majority of homes and vants for every department and the there were few, if any, Bibles anytask of overseeing them is not easy where. It was not till 189I that edufor they are often dishonest, in- cation was declared to be compulsory, capable, and ignorant until they are and even then circumstances made properly trained. The young girls that law a dead letter in most of the of the family, except those educated states. abroad, are brought up in seclusion under the strictest guardianship. The women are devoted to the Even up to the day of marriage, Roman Catholic Church and, as forthe close chaperonage is never re- eigners and those of different relaxed and their social life is not ligious views seldom reach the inner the feverish round of excitement that sanctuary of the older homes, rerules in American cities. Many of ligious discussi~ns are not often atthe upper class women are skilled in tempted. Such discussions would be languages, and are proficient in futile. music, sometimes on various instruments. Women of the Middle Class The women also spend much time Some think that the effusive in doing fancy work and in making demonstrations of kindly feeling, so ecclesiastical embroideries, such as 'characteristic of the middle class altar decorations and ornamental ves- Mexican women, are exaggerated try garments. The older families re- and insincere. But to those of us tain a certain pride and dignity es- who have lived under such influences, pecially when they become city resi- it is heart-stirring and soul-cheering. dents. The ladies of the aristocracy The little gestures of affection; the are fond of bazaars or "kermesses" solicitous inquiries as to the welfare which are held in spacious gardens of the family; the tokens of appreand are open to the public. The pro- ciation so delicately tendered, are ceeds are devoted to religious or much more to be preferred than the charitable purposes. These affairs thoughtless, brusque manner of some have become quite frequent of late of our own country people. Many and give the younger element more times, when we thought we had gone freedom so that a new phase of life to the limit of hospitality, we have is opening up to the Mexican senor- been surprized to see how these noble itas. The upper and middle classes women surpassed us. A nook can in Mexico have the social code of always be made available for an extra visitor, friend, or stranger, and no matter how low the larder may

WOMEN OF

be there is always a morsel to share who have accepted the Gospel of with those in need. Christ have had a new revelation of woman's sphere, and they enter into Family affection is very strong. their life work with avidity and with Mothers are 10th to part with their the souls aglow with the Master's children even for a short time. A love and approval. The middle class lady, the mother of fourteen children, is rapidly increasing, and is the hope and herself still in the prime of life, of the nation. was persuaded to accompany her husband to Europe for the twofold pur- The Peon Cia.. pose of visiting an aged and infirm father and to give the husband, who The peon women are the chief was a busy physician, an opportunity workers for their families. They A PEON FAMILY AT HOME IN MEXICO of rest. They were to be gone but bear the burdens and do the heavy four months. Imagine the amazement part of the labor with a docility unof that family of young people, when known to American women. They one day their parents entered" the are timid and obedient to the point house unannounced after only a ten of servility. Even the aged are not weeks' absence. The mother heart so exempt from bringing produce to the yearned for the children that the doc- markets and, having set out early in tor decided to return home with her, the morning, they trot their steady pace for miles. In recent years many women of this middle class have come to be Young mothers often carry a child self-supporting. They have taken ad- strapped to her back, perhaps on top vantage of educational facilities and of a bundle of vegetables, while she they have stept out of the thraldom carries other produce in her arms. of former years, into a life of great- During market hours the little one er freedom and uS'efulness. Those lies on the earthen or stone floor

nearby, seemingly contented with the the huts with the family, and the world about it. women sometimes receive treatment similar to that given to the beasts The homes of this class are desti- of the field, One evening our housetute of comforts. In fact they do hold was suddenly startled by hearing not know the real meaning of home screams that proceeded from below as we do. Many of their huts con- in the janitor's lodgings. Upon maksist of a low frame covered with ing inquiries we learned that the grass and the one room is entered janitor was whipping his wife. When by crawling on hands and knees. we expostulated with him, the man Others have a door, but no window replied that it was "the custom of or chimney. The fire is built on the his country and the only way to keep earthen floor in the center of the the women in subjection." It is even room to prevent the sparks reaching said that a wpman measures the exthe dry grass on the sides. The tent of her husband's love by the smoke blackens the interior and the number of whippings he gives her. atmosphere is stifling. There are no beds, chairs or tables, and the only An Ancient Tribe utensils are a few earthen vessels in which the food is cooked. Their All over Mexico are found the tortilla of ground corn is cooked flat remnants of ancient tribes, some of like a pancake, and when rolled up, which give evidence of having royal serves as a spoon. The end is bitten blood in their veins. These constioff with the food which is scooped tute a class by themselves. up with it. Take one of them as an illustration: The whole family, and often it is The traveler from Coatzacoalcos in numerous, occupy the one room night crossing the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and day. Straw mats serve for beds. to reach the town of that name, has The advantages of the "simple life" journeyed from a nineteenth century may be sung in verse and extolled city into a district inhabited by an in prose, but in Mexico it has many indigenous race of people that toobjectionable features-physical and day are the same as they were hunmoral. dreds of years ago. Modern ideas have not yet awakened them, and The nation has been many cen- there is very little to encourage a turies waking up to the most vital progressive man to employ his enerneeds of her people. The drainage gy at home. Hence the majority of of Mexico City, one of the finest in the men seek work on the nearby Latin America, was only established plantations. Those who remain have ten years ago. Sanitation seemed to their little gardens and cocoanut be the last thing considered. Thou- groves, and are satisfied with what sands of infants have died, some they yield. even among well-ta-do families, because no one had been taught how Tho the suffragists have not reachto care for them properly. ed Mexico, this town is controlled by its women! The women take the Degradation and superstition are initiative in everything. They monthe allotment of the majority of the opolize the market, doing 90 per cent. peon women. Domestic animals share

of the work, and will not allow men popular among the women as ornato sell in the market place. The wife ments. Their love for them has not waned with passing years. Every A TEHUANA MATRON WITH A $3.000 GOLD COIN NECK· dollar that a girl can save goes to GUy gold pieces. The Mexican coin LACE, TEHUANTEPEC, MEXICO is never used in this way.

With all this gorgeous apparel in dress, which is sometimes of very costly material, with gold ornaments, these women spurn the idea of wear- ing shoes. Most of them go bare- footed, tho some of them wear the leather sandal with strap and buckle about the ankle.· A peculiar head- dress is worn, which is another exhi- bition of the childlike mind in this people. It is related that many years ago there was a shipwreck on the Pacific coast of Mexico. A schooner struck on the rocks in a storm and all on board perished. After the storm abated a sea-chest drifted ashore in which were found, among must vouch for the husband before A 'f;EHUANA WOM ….N IN WEDDING DRESS, TEHUANTEPEC, he can obtain credit. Most of this MEXICO superb physical race of women are tall and straight-queenly in bearing, with a complexion of an olive tint, sparkling eyes, luxuriant black hair, and with hearts of children.

Their garments are gaudy in the variety of colors that they love, tho no change is ever made in style or cut. The ornaments are invariably the same and consist of American gold coins of various denominations. The number of links in the chain indicates the wealth of the wearer. During the gold fever 1850-65, the trail across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec from the Atlantic to the Pacific was used by gold seekers in going to and from California. Therefore gold coins were plentiful and became

other things, a number of dresses for government provided a generous sum infants. It is surmized that the for equipment. women of that period, not knowing what they were for, immediately Miss Perez, another young woman adopted them as head-dresses in place who is a graduate of the Bible Teachof those th'ey formerly wore of bril- ers' Training School, New York, was liantly colored feathers. The lace or requested to visit the women inmates needlework flounce, stiffened and of the new penitentiary and the facplaited, rests upon the head, the tories in Mexico City every week, and body of the "dress" was enlarged to talk to them about temperance, hyto allow it to fall about the shoulders giene, and personal purity. The peniof an adult when it is to be used in tentiary has 1,000 inmates. After the connection with the church or ball very first talk a woman came up to dress. It is called the "huipil Miss Perez and said: "I am not here grande." For church wear the frill because I am a bad woman! We had encircles the face. The bridal dress a famine. I was hungry and I stole is not changed in style, but white and for food." When the case was stated gold are the predominant colors. to the officers, and· Miss Perez had Some have a value of $2,000. consented to vouch for the woman's conduct in the future, the woman was What I. the Outlook? discharged.

One naturally asks, "Is there any These poor people need wise and hope in the midst of such condi- loving help, they need some one to tions ?" The recent revolution an- take an interest .in them. Thousands swers affirmatively. The children would lead better lives if their ennow attending the schools will be the vironments could be changed. Until chief reapers of the benefits that will there are better homes; until the result from the new conditions. Sig- people learn the sacredness of family nificant reforms are already under ties and have better ideas of morality, way for the improvement of the peo- very little progress can be made. ple. Two native young women, sisters, who were formerly teachers in the The Protestant schools are sending Methodist schools are now editing and out noble young women and the publishing school books, modern in times are beckoning them to great make-up and satisfactory in moral and glorious tasks. Bible women tone. The new Commissioner of are gathering in a large number of Education for the Federal District is women and children from the middle Andres Osuna, an earnest Christian. ranks as well as from the very poor. As a consequence the Protestant con- A Mex~can lady, a graduate of the gregations and Sunday-schools have Chicago Training School, and for greatly increased; in fact, every some years an acceptable teacher in branch of church work has received the Girls' College in Mexico City, has an impetus in spite of distressing been employed the past two months times. A pure Christianity gathers by the government to assist in estab- in all classes amopg the peoples, and lishing an industrial school. As soon the resurrection morn will surely as she secured a proper house the show the glorious fruits of mission- ary effort for the women of Mexico.

ADMINISTRATION BUILDING AND SETTLEMENT IN THE CANAL

Religious Work In the Canal Zone* BY REV. GEORGE SIDNEY WEBSTER, D.D..• NEW YORK Secretary of The American Seamen's Friend Society I iH]. UNDREDS of seamen docks has recently been offered to are in the port of The American Seamen's Friend So- : Colon at the Atlantic ciety. Before long we hope that end of the Canal means can be secured to. erect a every night, and as yet suitable building as a center for there is no special pro- work in behalf of these seamen. vision for the social and religious needs of these men. A few ships' The Canal Zone is passing through officers make use of the Y. M. a transition period from the con- C. A. club houses, and a few strand- struction to the permanent operation ed, sick, or destitute seamen are of the Canal. The cities of Panama looked after by the Salvation Army, and Colon claim a popUlation of but the great majority find no wel- about 60,000. Outside these cities, come on shore except in the vilest within the limits of the Zone, there resorts. We are thankful to say was in July, 1915, a population of that a lot very near the docks at 29,926, which is less than half of Christobal and within a few min- the popUlation three years previous. utes' walk of the Christobal-Colon Of this number 6,000 are soldiers, 3,524 are American employees, and … Dr. Webster has recently returned from a visit to the Canal Zone at the invitation of Governor Goethals and in the interests of wo-rk for seamen. The Am'erican Seamen's Friend Society, of which Dr. Webster is secretary, began eighty-eight years ago, and has now estabHshcd work in m,ost of the leading seaports of the United States1 Asia, Continental Europe, and South America.-EDITOR.

the remainder are colored or Pana- Culebra, there are now being estabmain employees, women and children. lished military camps. The six thou- sand soldiers now in camp on the During the construction peri'od Zone may be reinforced to the numthis population was scattered across ber of twenty-five thousand, if the the Isthmus in village and camps, the views of Brigadier-General Edwards greater number centering at Culebra and Governor Goethals prevail. near the Continental Divide, which has cost the greatest expenditure of The cities of Panama and Colon labor in the construction of the have felt very markedly the influence Canal. Within the past two years of the American occupation. The there has arisen' at the Pacific end United States has spent two-and-one- A STREET SCENE IN PANAMA CITY of the Canal the new town of Balboa quarter million dollars for pavewhere the Administration offices are ments, sewers, and water works in permanently located. At the Atlantic these cities. The absence of begging end Christobal-Colon-the French on the streets near the cathedrals is equivalent of Christopher Columbus very noticable to one who has travel- -contains the large docks and coal ed in Europe, and is accounted for pockets and the commissary depot. by the fact that those who would It is the purpose to. make Christobal ordinarily be mendicants are mainand Balboa the principal cities in the tairied by the selling of lottery tickets Zone. At the three locks, Gatun, for which they are allowed IO per Pedro Miguel, and Miraflores, will cent. of their sales. The evil effect be maintained towns for the opera- of the lottery upon the moral and tion and protection of the locks religious ,life of the people extends and the Miraflores water plant. At to some of the Americans who come other towns, such as Corozal and under its influence. Mr. Willis J.

WORK IN THE CANAL ZONE

Abbot in his book, "Panama and the In the cities of Panama and Colon, Canal" says: the Roman Catholic Church is the largest religious force. There are "Panama is an old city as Amer- small bodies of Methodists, Baptists, icans run, for it was founded in 1673 Episcopalians, and Adventists, who when the Bishop marked with a are doing aggressive work, and on.A. cross a place for their cathedral. side street in Panama I discovered a The Bishop still plays a notable part small Plymouth Brethren Mission in the life of the town, where it is conducted by a native of Barbadoes. to his palace in Cathedral Plaza that The Salvation Army, under Adjutant you repair Sunday mornings to hear BALBOA Y. M. C. A. CLUB HOUSE, IN THE CANAL ZONE the lucky numbers in the lottery an- Peter Terrace, has a good work at nounced. This curious partnership Colon and in Panama. between the church and the great gambling game does not seem to In 1912 it is reported that there shock or even perplex the Panamains, were forty churches on the Zone and as the State turns over to the of which seven were Roman Catholic, church a very considerable per cent- thirteen Protestant Episcopal, seven age of the lottery's profits, it is per- Baptist, two Wesleyan Methodist. haps only fair to be thus hospitable. and eight undenominational. Fifteen As a vested right under the Colom- chaplains were maintained by the bian government the lottery will con- government. AlI but two of these-a tinue until 1918, when it expires Roman Catholic and Protestant Episunder the dause of the Panamanian copal-were discontinued after July constitution which prohibits gam- I, 1914. bling." The Union Church of the Canal Zone was organized in Jaunary, 1914,

and maintains work at Christobal, non-essentials liberty, and in all Gatun, Paraiso, Pedro Miguel, Coro- things charity." The people who za1, and Balboa. The largest organ- compose this church are a conseization is at Balboa where the Rev. crated, earnest body of Christian men William Flammer is a very success- and women who appreciate a church ful and beloved pastor. At Christo- they can support financially and bal the Union Chapel is under the spiritually. In the first three months of Mr. Koontz's pastorate, he releadership of Rev. J. V. Koontz, a ceived thirty-six new members, while at Balboa in July and August graduate of Princeton Seminary Mr. Flammer received thirty-two 1915, who came to work in May new members. The auditor of the of that year. In giving his first im- Canal Zone government, Mr. H. A. A. Smith, is the President of the THE UNION CHAPEL, CHRISTOBAL, CANAL ZONE Union OlUrch. He is, also, the chair- man of the local committee of the pressions Mr. Koontz says: "Nothing Congress on Christian Work in Latin touches me so much as the great op- America, held at Panama in Febportunity for true Christian service. ruary. The Church has been doing Doble work here but there is much land to The teacher of the Men's Bible be possest. There seems to be no Class in the Balboa church is Mr. limit to the opportunities that are F. M. M. Richardson , who is the open for work among American superintendent of the department of clubs and playgrounds in the Canal win citizens, soldiers, sailors, natives, the Zone. He has entire charge of the social and religious work that IS Chinese, and many others who done under government auspices. In gladly listen to the words of eternal a letter written August 12, 1915, he life." says: "At each of the clubhouses we have Sunday evening song services. The Union Chu.rchha~ adopted At Corozal and Pedro Miguel, where as its motto: "In essentiais· unity, in Union Church is held in the club- house on Sunday evenings, the song services occur on alternate Sunday evenings, Mr. Flammer holding Union Church service on the inter- vening evenings. At Gatun and Coro- zal, where we have a number of soldiers in attendance, it is signi- ficant that these boys call for the evangelistic type of songs familiar to them in their home churches.

Short talks are given at these song services, sometimes an address on morals and and sometimes a straight

WORK IN THE CANAL

WING OF HOTEL TIVOLI, CANAL ZONE Gospel talk. On other occasions fifteen young men, and there is anthere have been patriotic addresses other group of young men known and educational talks on sanitary and as "The Knights of Good Fellowother subjects. Song slides are often ship," banded together for spiritual, . used in the song services, and there social, and mental development; behave been stereopticon lectures on sides, there are several groups of such topics as "The Other Wise boys all under capable leadership. Man'; and using such motion picture films as "The Life of Moses." The American people in the Canal Zone should carryon aggressive At the Balboa clubhouse there is Christian work that will maintain held a class in "Christianity and the a high type of character for them- Social Crisis," meeting on Wednes- selves and be of value as an object day nights for the more mature men lesson and incentive to better things and a class in character study using among other residents of the Canal Fosdick's "The Manhood of the Mas- Zone, the youngest territorial acter." The latter class has an at- quisition of the United States of tendance ranging weekly from nine to America.

COMPARATIVE SIZE i·_·lthml~1I oixy times the BRmSH •I….

in Home

Work* " BY THE REV. HERMAN F. SWARTZ, D.D., NEW YORK Secretary of the Congregational Home Missionary Society E have made in recent ago.. The day of that kind of thing EWI years immense strides is gone. Go to any of our large in effective comity in cities, Chicago, Cleveland, Los An- .. our mission city work. geles, St. Louis, and we find it no We have not done all ·longer tried. A single church at- .. that should be done, tempted this sort of thing in New but it is encouraging to contrast the YOFk this year, but it had an awful present with the not distant past. time in the process.

For example, ten or fifteen years The second great plank is our ago, in a large city of the Middle progress in immigrant work. Last West, there were two churches of winter we studied the immigrant closely related denominations, that problem under the head of home confronted each the other across the missions. When we came to study main street of a rather sparsely set- things as they are, and to look care- tled suburb. They were not pros- fully at our own communities, many pering. One church decided to sell of us saw a new light from heaven.

its property and to move to another Clannishness has been one of the location about a mile away, believing great difficulties, sheer clannishness.

that this course would be good for We are not speaking of the clannish- both of them, and that thus they ness of the foreigner, but of the good could better meet the needs of the old-line American. We are the clan- whole community. The property was nish people. Four or five years ago sold, and the proceeds were put into when, I moved to New York City to a lot a mile distant. No sooner had take a missionary secretaryship, I the title gone on record, than the wanted my children reared as Ameri- chief man concerned with the other cans, which is difficult in New York.

denomination's extension interests After a long search we found an made a rush for that suburb, bought apartment that met our need. We a lot directly across the street from were assured that all the families in the one just secured, and started that apartment were Americans. So a competing church. A conference we hired a row of pigeonholes half was called and a protest made, .and way up a brick wall and called it this is what he said, in substance: our home. We had not unpacked "If you people wiH attend to your before we discovered that over our business we will take care of ours, heads was a Bohemian family with and follow out the historic policy of an unpronounceable name, beginning our church." That was fifteen years with a cough and ending with a • .An addteJIS delivered at the Missionar), DinnC1", ]anuar)' 12, 1915.

IN HOME MISSION WORK

sneeze. Those people had a piano. your congregation of old-line Ameri- Underneath us was an Irish family, cans are all out, preach a red-hot the father of which was an officer on sermon on the Christian virtue of the New York police force. He too Congregationalists themselves eating loved music and had a phonograph garlic, then they won't notice what on which he used to play such patri- the others eat."

otic little classics as "The Wearing "Oh, that won't go," he said sadly.

of the Green." Then he would "My people love the Lord; they love march up and down shouting the their church; and they love their tune, a note and a half out of pitch fellow man; but they do not love with his instrument. There we were any of them enough to eat garlic between them, and the difference be- for their sakes."

tween the music that came from He came again to see me a little overhead and that which came from while ago, joy was written all over beneath was about the difference you his features. "'vVe received twenty- would expect between music that four foreigners into our church last comes from above and music that communion," he said. "I am feel- comes from below. ing better."

There were fifteen families in that Within a year American Protes- building, and, with the exception of tantism has generally discovered my brother's family, who occupied what Peter learned at Joppa, and we the adjoining apartment,· I believe are profoundly encouraged thereby.

that there was not another really, Then I would like to speak about truly American family in the house the tremendous impetus received in -and our name was Swartz. We recent months by many of our rural have moved away from that place cJ'/JUrches. Too many such churches and are now living in a Jersey sub- have long been decadent. But there urb. It is this clannishness of the has come out this year a marvelous American which is hampering a little book telling about the creation great deal of our work. of a larger rural parish, giving the A pastor from Brooklyn said to simple story of how the thing was me about a year ago: "You know I done, and convincing us that the have a great historic church, but the religious decadence in the rural re- community is changing. I could ligions can be changed to an onward have two hundred Italians in my triumphant march of the Gospel audiences, were it not for one diffi- through the Church of Christ. This culty." is one of the firmest planks of our "What is the difficulty ?" I in- optimism.

quired. The Social Aspects of Christian "Those Italians eat garlic," he re- Missions are arising strongly and sponded, "and my congregation hopefully. God knows we need this won't stand for garlic." modern message. There are many, What advice could one give him? many thousands of people in New I had an inspiration. "It is the sim- York, this year, who are not pleased plest thing in the world," I ex- with the social order. We have read claimed. "Some beautiful day when that Tn the industrial city of Newark

one out of every twelve had to re- and women who are confronting ceive charitable assistance to carry equally hard things of life with them over last winter. The rank glorious loyalty. and file of our people have dis-' If you are a favored visitor in covered that there is an intimate some old German home within a relation between home missions, certain ancient principality, you may evangelism, and social service. The be shown, as the most precious of bread line is not the best expression the family heirlooms, a little plain of Christianity while social readjust- black iron ring, inscribed within in ment is the need. This is at its base German characters "I gave gold for a matter of ethics, but there are no iron." Your host will tell you that sound ethics without the fear of God. in ()lden days this little principality Joy comes to us from the reports was beset on all sides by foes. The of our evangelistic work on our home prince equipped armies only to be mission fields. We have so strongly beaten back. New levies and new emphasized social interests that some equipments were again hurled upon people say, "You have forgotten the enemy and crushed. The little evangelism." No, evangelism has country was so stript of all its gone forward at an accelerated rate, resources that the prince in a last with finer emphasis, with truer con- desperate appeal called for every secration than in years. We have treasure that could be granted. The discovered that in the home mission married women slipt from their churches we have added in the last fingers that last and most precious year one new member for less than of jewels, the wedding rings, and every six members enrolled. People passed them into the treasury. With in the self-supporting churches, let these last gifts, a final army was us see you match that. Our aided prepared, and with desperate valor missionary churches are doing from the country was redeemed. In honor three to four times as well as the of the devDtion of these women, and self-supporting churches. We also out of the poverty of the state treafind that evangelistic work among sury, the prince made these black fOl.'eign peoples yields splendid re- iron rings, and gave them to those turns. This is a department of who gave gold for iron-and now "foreign work" that costs but one- no gold could be so precious. half of what English work requires. We have men and women in The final plank in our platform is America who are giving all life's gold our unbounded admiration for the for iron, and they are the people, consecration and ability, and the un- these men and thefr wives, most of failing loyalty of the great corps of them in lowly stations, who estabhome missionary pastors and of their lish our confidence in the outcome· wives. We read reports from Eu- of the whole campaign. I am an rope of the bravery of soldiers, how optimist because I believe in the they hurl their living bodies upon splendid loyalty of the home misserried bayonets, and do not even sionary pastors, and in the presence flinch. We have all over this coun- and the potency of the Spirit of try great cohorts of magnificent men God.

·Why the Church in Korea

BY REV. CYRIL ROSS, SYEN CHUN, KOREA Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

HE Korean Christians copy of the Bible for each member. Individual Bible study during the IITI have no up-to-date week is not a forgotten or neglected fads, but continue habit–nor is family worship. Twice stedfast in the teach- a day each Christian household ~ ing of the apostles. gathers about the family altar. This Five characteristics of makes practical the real service to this church show the reason for its God, seven days in the week. This marvelous growth and its spiritual worship culminates in power and joy health. Korean Christians are young on Sunday, the day commemorative in experience, and poor in this of the resurrection of our Lord. All world's goods; but they are rich jn over the land, too, there are classes faith and in love to God and men. for Bible study lasting from a week to a month, when the leaders come First, in Korea we have a Sabbath- together to learn how to feed the Sanctifying Church. Sunday news- flock of God. These annual and papers, Sunday automobiles, and semi-annual brief Bible Institutes are Sunday excursion trains do not rob like the great feasts of the Jews for the pastor in Korea of his congre- the rehearsal of the dealing of Jegation either mentally, as in the case hovah with the Israelites. They inof the newspaper; or bodily as in spire God's people to renewed conthe case of the auto, or the SU:Qday secration and send them forth with excursion train. The people flock to a new consciousness of the love of the House of the Lord to study the God and a new confidence in His Word of the Lord. Nor are they all guidance and sovereignty. 'Korea content with one service. The church began to emerge from a Hermit as a whole is in the Bible school and Nation's darkness in r884, and since the Bible-school as a whole is in the I9IO, when the peninsula was anchurch. No "young smartee" at fif- nexed to Japan, the people have been teen or sixteen thinks he is too big seeking Jehovah ever more zealously for Sunday-school, for young and. than before. The Bible Institutes old attend and count it a privilege. held in many districts for shorter or There is no Sabbath evening service longer terms help to supply the problem. Congregations either come churches with men equipped for volto the church itself or if the people untary service. Many of the men, live at too great a distance to return who are thus tried and trained, later at evening, then some of them hold go into the regular ministry of the a service in the neighborhood of their Church. homes. An army of workers is thus being Second, we find in Korea a S crip- developed so that all their time may lure-Searching Church. The rule is not one Bible for a family, but a

be devoted to Christian service and These men are supported by Korean money must be given for salaries. Christians. This suggests a third reason for the growth of the church in Korea-it is But the witness-bearing in Korea a self-supporting Church. The Kor- is not confined to paid workers, it is eans build their own churches and the general practise among all beput up their own primary schools lievers. The standard of admission and pay the salaries of their own to church membership is high and a pastors and other helpers. In the candidate for baptism is often asked northern presbytery it is the rule not if he or she has ever led a soul to to ordain any student to the ministry, Christ. This is a requirement and is unless there is a bona fide pledge of always held up as a standard. The his support by the people who have Korean church regards this witnesscalled him to be their pastor. Be- bearing as normal and natural-not sides this the salary must not be the exception. There could not have below a certain standard of living been over two hundred thousand inconsidered essential to efficiency. telligent, active Christian believers in Self-support is further practised in Korea gathered in thirty years, if the the payment of salaries of teachers rank and file of the church had not in the primary schools. characteristically given themselves to the "ministry of the Word." Fourth: the Church in Korea is a witness-bearing Church. Very inter- But one great essential in Korea's esting and encouraging is the three- Christian growth has not been menfold missionary work; (I) Koreans tioned. Fifth: the Church in Korea witnessing to Koreans in Korea; (2) is a praying Church. There is no Koreans bearing witness to Koreans efficiency without this. It is more outside of 'Korea; (3) 'Koreans than one characteristic of the Church. preaching to Chinese in China. A A prayerful atmosphere has perconsiderable force of men are scat- vaded all true success. The Sabtered throughout the peninsula and baths have been sanctified with are supported by the local churches prayer. Scripture searching has been for various work. In Manchuria conducted with prayer. Many finanthere are said to be some 300,000 cial problems have been solved with Koreans. The Christians of Syen prayer. Finally witness-bearing has Shun (Sen Sen), a little town with been carried on and has been made a population of 5,000 and two Pres- fruitful ty prayer. It is not strange byterian churches, are supporting a that the Church in Korea has grown pastor-evangelist in Mukden, Man- rapidly and continuously in numbers churia, where there is a church and and power. The Almighty has not a Korean congregation. In Shan- been partial in pouring out His grace tung province, China,.three ordained there, but has given his blessing be- Koreans are now learning the langu- cause the Koreans have paid the Godage and are preaching to the Chinese. appointed price for success.

Between the great things we can not do, and the small things we will not do, the danger is that we shall do nothing.

Effect of the War on Mis-

SIons to the ] ews BY REV. DAVID BARON, LONDON, ENGLAND Director of the Hebrew Christian Testimony to Israel ~. G RADUALLY people before the war 2,300,000 Jews, of are beginning to real- whom over a million were in the ize something of the Polish province of Galicia. Of the magnitude of the ca- 800,000 Jews in the German Empire lamity which has come the bulk were in East and West on the Jewish people Prussia, and in the Polish province III consequence of this, the greatest of Posen. It is this "Jewish Pale" war in all history. which forms the so-called eastern war zone and which has been utterly It is tragedy enough that over half devastated by the ravages of the a million Jews should be fighting huge contending armies. The heart against one another in the contend- and center of it all is Poland; for ing armies, and that many thousands Poland-as Isra(' Zangwill truly obof them have already laid down their serves-"be it German, Russian, or lives on the different battlefields for Austrian- Poland, is the home of J ewinterests and policies in which the ry, and Poland preeminently even vast maj ority of them have, as Jews, more than Belgium, has .been the no special concern. But the suffer- heart of hell." Perhaps the greatest ling of those engaged in the war is sufferings of the million of Jews in only a drop compared with the great Poland, Lithuania, and Galicia have ocean of indescribable misery which been occasioned by the brutality of the bulk of the Jewish people endure the Russian military authorities. Noton account of the upheaval in Europe withstanding OUr sympathy for the and Asia. Russian people in this time of trial, we are compelled to say that the Let me very brieRy make this treatment of the Jews in the war plain. In Russia there were, when area, by the Russian authorities, in the war broke out, over 6,000,000 spite of the fact that over 350,000 of Jews, of which number 94 per cent. them are fighting under the Czar's were penned together by anti-Jewish colors, can only be attributable to unlegislation in the so-called "Pale of justifiable suspicion begotten of a Settlement." In the provinces of Rus- bad conscience, because of their presian Poland, 2,000,000, or one-third vious long-continued ill-treatment of of the entire number of Jews, were the Jews. Assuredly God will not located and nearly 4,000,000 were in hold guiltless any nation, or individthe provinces of Lithuania, "White uals who "help forward the afflic- Russia," South Western, and South tion" and add to the suffering of Russia, all contiguous to the Ger- His sinful, wandering, but not castman, Austria-Hunngarian and Ru- off, and still beloved people. manian frontiers.

In Austria-Hungary there were

On the ground of "military neces- when he came with the glad tidings sity," but without real cause, an that God was about to visit and re- "Order of the Day" was issued by deem His people. The Children of the Russian Generalissimo decree- Israel, we read, "hearkened not uning the expulsion of all Jews from to Moses for anguish of spirit and the military zones of Galicia, Buko- for cruel bondage." vina and Poland. Later on this decree was extended also to Lith~ania Second: Missions to the Jews and the Baltic provinces. The in- share in the temporary setback describable sufferings and degrada- which the war has undoubtedly octions which this order inflicted upon casioned to the cause of Christ the masses of the Jews in the war among non-christian peoples. Not zone may be judged from the ac- only are "earthly kingdoms at stake count given in our December num- in this war," writes a friend and ber (page 895). More horrible and colleague, the Rev. C. A. Schonkerheartrending details were added in zer, who has been engaged in the the course of a recent debate in the work of Jewish evangelization in Russian Duma when reference was different parts of the Continent for made to the expulsions from Lith- forty-seven years, "but alI work for uania and CourIand. God and for the salvation of men is being tested, sifted, exposed to a The ocean of Jewish misery which fire of tribulation such as has not has been created by the war been the case for a century, yea, should suffice to move Christian never, perhaps, before." While a hearts to compassion and prayer that most bitter and deadly war rages bethe time of Israel's wanderings may tween the foremost Christian nations, soon end, and that these very suffer- all progress of the work of God is ings may be over ruled of God to naturally retarded, and especially all bring the time of Israel's national missionary enterprises. and spiritual salvation nearer. Does not the prevailing war, the The Effect on Missions to the Jews inimical and bloody split among the nations, threaten to suppress, or at This world-devastating war has a least to vitiate,the Christ-prescribed depressing effect on missions to the spirit of pity and love for all men? Jews. First: Millions of Jews in Does it not deaden spiritual interest Russia, Austria, Germany, the Bal- for the unsaved and unconverted kan States and Turkey are so crusht, who are still outside the kingdom of so preoccupied by the physical God? Na doubt the spiritual devasand economic sufferings brought up- tation caused by this war is as great on them that it is difficult to get a and even greater, than the material hearing or response from them in devastation. reference to the things which tho not seen are eternal. The It is a dark and perilol1s time, a present experience of missionaries time which brings trial to every callof the Cross in these countries is like ing and profession, in which every that of Moses during the last days Jewish Mission experiences a great of the Jews' oppression in Egypt, crisis affecting its very existence.

Third: It is a sad fact that the

WAR AND MISSIONS TO THE JEWS

Jews in their ignorance associate 2. The misdeeds of nominal Chris- Christ with the misdeeds of the so- tians are no more to be laid to the called Christian nations. They have charge of Christ and His teaching, always exprest their resentment at than are the sins and crimes of the the sufferings which they have had Jews to be laid to the charge of to endure in so-called Christian Moses and his law. "By their countries by bitter opposition and fruits," our Lord Jesus said, "ye hatred to the name of Christ. It is shall know them"-not ME. Christ the only way in which this helpless Himself foretold that during this people has been able to avenge it- present dispensation there would be self for the wrongs and cruelties much false profession of His name. which have been infljcted upon it by Instead of being responsible for the so-called Christians, namely by blas- evil deeds and wars and cruelties of phemy and bitter opposition to the the so-called Christian nations, name of Christ. Christ's word to His followers was: "Love your enemies, bless them that No wonder, therefore, that the curse you, do good to them that hate Jewish press and the Jewish pulpit you, and pray for them which have again, in the midst of the pres- despitefully use and persecute you, ent war, given vent to an outburst that ye may be children of your of rage against Christ and Chris- Father in heaven. Be ye therefore tianity. They tauntingly ask: What perfect, even as your Father in has Christ done for the nation? heaven is perfect." Does not this war with all its abominations prove positively the bank- 3. The reason that there are wars ruptcy of Christianity? and other terrible evils in the world is not because the nations are Chris- In response to this outbreak we tian, but because they are yet unsay to Jews, only in fuller form, Christian, or not yet suffiCiently in reply to the biased, perverse Christian. It is a fact, in spite of ideas which are propagated by their what the enemies of Chrisf and His official representatives: Gospel may say, that it is only in proportion as nations and men take 1. The oft-misquoted words of the yoke of Christ upon them and our Lord J esus-"Think not that I learn of Him, that they become concame to send peace on earth; I came trolled by love, and are delivered not to send peace but a sword"- from devilish selfishness and savwere neither intended as a warrant, agery. If there is to be any deor as an excuse for international liverance for the world, if the cherstrife. They were a prophecy of the ished Messianic ideal of universal consequences of the progress and peace and brotherhood among the triumphs of His Gospel even in this nations is ever to be realized, it will present age. It would be opposed only be in and through Christ; and by the ungodly and unbelieving, and the power of his Cross. would bring divisions into families. His true followers would be perse- We therefore do not suffer ourcuted even unto death. All of this selves to be moved from the great has come to pass, and proves Christ aim of making Christ and His to be a true prophet of God.

Gospel known to the Jews. We Two of the missionaries of the know Him in whom we have be- Hebrew Christian Testimony to lieved, and are persuaded that what- Israel, Mr. J. 1. Landsman and ever may ihappen-tho earthly Pastor L. Rosenstein, have recently thrones and empires be overturned, visited a number of the centers in and all human institutions be shaken Russia where many of these poor to their very foundations, Christ refugees are gathered, such as will remain the only hope and Witebsk, Orsha, Homel, Mohiled, Savior of men for time and eter- Kieff, Orel, Wilna, etc., distributing _ nity. Thank God, even the present relief which has been spontaneously gloom which prevails in the Jewish sent by Christians in all parts of the mission field in Europe is not un- world. They bear witness to the relieved by rays of hope and prom- deep gratitude which this ministry ise. One hopeful sign is that many of Christian kindness has produced Jews, particularly in Russia and in in many Jews. the Balkan States, are beginning to distinguish between Christ and the Finally, we hope and believe that organized national "Christianity" this very dark hour in Jewish history which has been such a stumbling- -the darkest, perhaps, since the des- block to them. truction of Jerusalem and the second Temple by the Romans-is the pre- Many little circles, particularly cursor of a brighter morning of among the young men' and women, hope for "the tribe of the wander- are giving themselves to the study ing foot and weary breast," and of "true Christianity," as they them- indirectly also for the world. Apart selves express it, and we receive ap- even from the sure word of proph- plications from the most out-of-the- ecy, and as a matter of practical way places in those countries for the politics, it is quite within the bounds New Testament and for other valu- of probability that one issue of this able Hebrew Christian publications. great world conflict will be the res- Christian sympathy and the relief toration of the Jews to Palestine, which is being administered in the and then, when the spirit of grace Name of Christ to some of the and of supplication is poured upon homelf'ss exiles and refugees, how- them, and they look 'as a nation ever inadequate, is also a means of upon Him whom they have pierced softening the hearts of some of the -God's light and truth shall go poor st1ffering Jews, and is letting forth from Jerusalem into all parts them see that the true spirit of of the world, and the glory of J eho- Christ constrains His followers to vah shall cover the earth even as the show love and compassion. waters cover the sea.

THE JEW They would not play with me at school, King of the Jews, despised of men, And as I older grew, Forgive Thy chosen few; I was debarred from social ranks- And when I meet Thee, love me most Because I was a Jew. Because I am a Jew.

-Ethel Hamilton Hunter.

the Revival Came in

BY REV. M. B. GRIER, SUCHOWFU, CHINA Missionary of the American Presbyterian Church ~T " HE Rev. Jonathan selections were then lithographed and Goforth, of the Cana- published in pamphlet form and sold at two coppers per copy. These con- . . dian Presbyterian Mis- stituted the hymn-book for the meet- ings. Preachers, private members sion, Honan, has just closed fifteen days of . revival meetings at and inquirers came to the number of Suchowfu, Kiangsu. In the twenty about a hundred and sixty, at their years' history of this station, nothing own charges, not only from the ad- can be compared with these meetings, joining territory but from districts in the manifestations of the presence two and three hundred Ii away.

and controlling power of the Holy Mr. Goforth arrived on November Spirit. 13th and services began the day fol- The station began to prepare for lowing. The regular schedule was these meetings weeks beforehand, as follows: and the entire congregation was di- I. General Prayer-meeting for vided up into prayer circles. The Chinese at 8 A.M.

church officers and men members con- 2. Prayer-meeting for foreigners stituted one, the women members an- at 9.30 A.M.

other, the Christian teachers and boys 3. General Service 1ll church at in the Boys' School another, the 12.30 P.M.

Christian teachers and girls in the 4. General Service ill church at Girls' School another. So far as 6.30 P.M.

practicable the Christians in the ad- For the first eight or nine days joining territory constituted another. there was deep interest and consider- The circles in the city met once a able freedom in prayer. Some made week, and chosen representatives confessions of an indefinite char- from each of these circles also met acter and for a time not under great weekly for united prayer. The Book conviction, apparently. We began to of Acts was taken as a text-book feel that the great spiritual power and studied with special reference that had characterized these meet- to the work of the Holy Spirit. The ings elsewhere were not to be ex- attention of the congregation was perienced here. "There is a barrier,"

kept focused on this subject for Mr. Goforth said, "that must be got- weeks beforehand, and "fen hsing ten out of the way. Keep on pray- hui" was on the lips of nearly every ing and believing, and God's blessing one. will come." His indomitable faith re- A music committee was appointed buked us all and conquered.

to select suitable hymns which were The first among the school boys to practised in public and private until come forward was a profest Chris- they were f::uniliar. Twenty-four tian of about eighteen years of age.

His conduct and character had been that the Holy Spirit might have full considered excellent, but he mounted control in the heart and life. As an the platform and under great emotion indispensable condition to this, he confest to the hypocrisy of his urged confession and relinquishment life, and to the hopelessness of his of sin and enforced his plea by the condition. When the boys returned teaching of Scripture and by his ex- to the school and to the study hall, perience in such meetings elsewhere I slipt quietly to this boy's room in China and abroad. By continued and found him alone weeping bitterly. reiteration, this truth, under the On the next day the local evangel- Spirit's power, was driven home.

ist came forward. He is a man God's Word proved the hammer and under forty, well educated in college the fire, the hearts of stone, proud and seminary, a forcible preacher, and rebellious, were broken. Those logical in his reasoning and usually who had dared withstand His will quiet in his manner. His whole were humbled to the very dust.

frame shook violently, and it was There were also meetings of great with difficulty that he could speak. power both among the boys and girls With uplifted and shaking hand he in school. For the first few days, repeated over and over the sentence recitations were suspended during "I am in great fear," and confest the time of the pUblic services, but, his unworthiness for this high office. later, a great change came. over the One of the leading men in the con- pupils, and, at their request, all reci- gregation~a foreman teacher in the tations were suspended. Some of Boys' School, who for some time had the non-Christian boys, sixteen to been holding aloof, if not actually an- twenty years of age, whose influence tagonizing the work of the church- in the school had been very bad, arose and with strong feeling con- sought the help of some of the fest that he was the barrier in the Christian boys, confessing their sins, way of the Spirit's work. and joining in prayer till midnight From this time on restraint grad- in their own rooms.

ually gave way to freedom. Church At this point there occurred the officers, preachers, colporteurs, teach- most remarkable meeting it has ever ers, pupils, would rise in their seats been my privilege to witness. It and often amid violent and uncon- was at the regular morning school trollable weeping would make humili- prayers, no foreigners being present ating confessions, violations of the but myself. After a short expo- Seventh and Eighth Commandments sition of Scripture, instead of offer- being astonishingly common among ing prayer myself, I threw the meet- those where it was least expected. ing open to the boys for prayer.

On one occasion the preaching One after another, sometimes sev- had to be omitted altogether, be- eral at a time, arose in prayer or cause confessions began at the very public confession, and broke down opening of the service and occupied with uncontrollable weeping, until the entire time-about three hours. the entire body, about a hundred, The burden of the preacher's mes- were weeping aloud. One of the sage during these days was a plea larg~ poys suddenly called out,

THE REVIVAL CAME IN CHINA

"Everybody kneel," and they all manifested for their unsaved relawent down on their knees. The tives. One non-Christian boy rose weeping increased in intensity until at daylight and walked sixteen miles it could be heard all over the large to get his brother to come to the compound. Attempts to quiet them meetings. He returned bringing not only increased their emotion, until only his brother but a dozen of his we finally started a hymn, and grad- young friends. A non-Christian ually all joined in singing. They teacher in the girls' school testified were disbanded after the meeting that he had always been a strong had continued for two and a half Confucianist, but he had to admit hours. that there was a power here of which Confucianism knew nothing, This experience may be explained a power that could compel schoolin part on merely psychological boys to stand up and confess their grounds, but not altogether and not sins without regard to loss of face. chiefly. Young men twenty years old and upward who had never On the last evening of the meetprayed, in manifest agony of spirit ings opportunity was given for halfconfessing and begging for mercy, minute testimonies to benefits receivwere not doing so for mere sake of ed. These were varied and interestappearances or in unconscious imi- ing. "Born anew," "Raised from tation. It was, in their own lan- the dead," "Lost and found," are guage, a "little judgment day," and specimens. There was a fine reone could get some vague idea of sponse to the request for a show of what the weeping and wailing and hands on such questions as "Who gnashing of teeth of that "Dies irae" will agree to establish family praywill be. ers in the home?" "Who will agree to give a tenth?" "Who will agree On the following morning, at the to give a certain number of days to same hour, the meeting took an en- preach at his own charges?" One tirely different turn, and confession of our Bible-women has already bewas followed by reparation, books, gun to make good by giving a fifth slates, ink-slabs, towels, that had of her time every month. been stolen from each other, were brought forth and restored to their Mrs. Goforth, in her helpful talks owners, where they could be found to the foreigners, in her addresses or turned over to me. Property be- to the Chinese women, in her help longing to the school, such as lamps, with the music, added greatly to wash-pans, etc., that had mysterious- the profit of the meetings. ly disappeared, were accounted for; broken window-panes were acknow- Until conviction was forced upon ledged and paid for; cigarets me by what I saw and heard, my emerged, and pipes were broken and faith had not been equal to believing trampled under foot, and obscene what God by His Spirit is able and books were torn to pieces. willing to do when His children will but take Him at His word. For In addition to these evidences of what He has done in our own midst real repentance a deep concern was we praise Him.

Revival Scripture Message£

~~mIEV. JONATHAN lffonday GOFORTH, who has No time for addresses ,been so remarkably Tuesday used to awaken spiri- No time for addresses tual life in Chinese Luke 11: 1 churches, writes that On many of the days the volume the results follow the simple pre- of spontaneous and simultaneous prayer was so great and continuous sentation of the Gospel, with depend- that there was no opportunity for a ence on the Word of God and prayer message from the leader. God was evidently speaking directly to souls. with occasional singing of hymns. Some who held back at first and hindered the meetings later confest At a recent revival his series of Bible to their opposition and sin and surthemes, from which the heart-stirring rendered wholly to God. At times weeping could be heard all over the messages were drawn three times a room as men and women confest day, were based on the following texts: to sins of pride, envy, coldness, hatred, covetousness, laziness, indif- Sunday-The first day: ference to the lost, lack of prayer, Habbakuk 3: 2. Sabbath breaking, theft, and even to Exodus 33: 14-17 adultery, and a desire to kill. Several Malachi 3: 1-4 gave up the use of tobacco, which they considered a hindrance, and Monday others confest to having lost the joy Galatians 6: 7, 8 of working for the salvation of Jeremiah 4: 3 others. Some of the meetings lasted Revelations 2: 4 till midnight. At one service a normal school student came to the Tuesday platform and flung down, with a look Acts' 5: 2 of horror, a bundle of obscene books Malachi 6: 5-15 which he said had led him and others Ephesians 6: 18 into fornication. He vehemently urged his fellow students to burn Wednesday all such books. I John 3: 22 Acts 9: 11 As a result of these meetings there Luke 11: 5 was not only a marked transforma- tion of many lives, and a setting Thursday right of many wrongs, but a new Mark 11 :24 joy in life and a spontaneous desire Acts 1: 14 of men to give their lives, their Exodus 17:8 talents, their money to God for serv- ice to their fellow men. Friday Ezekiel 37: 1-14 No address No address Saturday Acts 2: 37-39 Acts 1: 8 Sunday Ezekiel 33 Ephesians 5: 18 Philippians 3: 13,. 14

Black Problem in

Africa BY REV. JOHN L. nUBE, OHLANGE, NATAL Principal of the Zulu Christian Industrial Institute m. I N the midst of the most adequate to our rapid growth, but terrible war in the the prevailing sentiment of the world's history, and European electors is that we already the consequent brief have more than we can beneficially little rebellion and a occupy. As we have no vote, we can war in South Africa, foresee what opinion will have weight the war spirit has not had any mark- with the law-makers. It looks as if ed effect on the aboriginal population. it would grow more and more dif- They have grievances that would ficult for a native to have any title make them welcome almost any in the land of his birth, and he will source of relief, but they have not be more and more under the necessought for such relief from any of sity of working for his white master the foes of the British Empire with- for whatever wages he may choose to out or within. They are as" peace- pay. Such is the trend of politics; ful and loyal as they have ever been. and very few politicians are brave enough and have enough sense of The Land.' Act justice to hazard their election by a contrary opinion. The Lands' Act, prohibiting the sale of land to natives except in cer- The South African natives do not tain prescribed areas, has not been expect to come more and more altered or amended. According to under servile conditions. On the this Act land can not be sold to contrary, we are rapidly advancing natives in European areas, nor can in civilization and the education of land in native areas be sold to our children is proceeding by leaps Europeans. When this announce- and bounds. They are aspiring to ment is made to the natives they re- be ministers and teachers and clerks ply: "We will thank you to-morrow." and doctors and lawyers, for which That is, they do not know whether the demand exceeds the supply. The to be thankful until the areas have few that attain the goal set an exfinally been delimited. It seems quite ample that stimulates their fellows, certain that no additional land will so that there is a growing desire to be assigned for exclusive native oc- build upright houses and to furnish cupation, unless it be some worthless them. With their greatly increased tracts, said to be "good for nothing wa~ts our people are no longer conbut for niggers and monkeys." . An tent to wear a gum head-ring for full increasingly large body of our people dress, to live in a grass hut and eat are coming to feel that we require with their hangs out of the pot. something more than a monkey's portion. What we now have is in- "The Lands' Act" has been offered as a palliative to the tension exist-·

ing between the native and European ful a nursing we were now unwilling races. "It is to make a separation," to undertake a greater share of the they say, "so as to give the natives a burden of evangelizing our own chance for untrammelled develop- people. Weare thankful that so ment on their own lines." But the many heathen can be reached in line suggested is just what the more those centers where they congregate intelligent natives are trying to leave from all parts of Africa to earn behind-the line of savagery and money. But it is a mistake to supheathenism. Any more separation pose that there is any the less need that at present exists, would only of missionaries dwelling, as they used intensify the bitter feeling of injus- to do, among the people in their tice. But the Lands' Act will not native haunts, where they can set diminish the number of native ser- an example of family life and minisvants in the towns, in the mines, in ter in the homes of the people and the workshops, and on the farms, help and guide them in all the ways where they will be in as close contact of civilization. There is also a great with Europeans as before. It is in danger in sending out to preach and that close servile connection that we form congregations in the native find the source of the "black peril" territories young native men who about which such a cry is raised. are supposed to have been converted There is not as much danger in the in the night-schools on the Rand fact that a native owns a plot of and yet have barely learned to read ground adjacent to a European's the New Testament in the vernacular. estate, as there is in a horde of un- It is in this way that the spirit of civilized tribesmen confined on a discontent is multiplied a hundredreservation. fold. Such a 'gospel,' if we may call it a gospel, instead of quenching the America is corning to see the wis- flame of discontent pours oil upon dom of breaking up the reservation it. Our native evangelists, like those policy for the Indian aborigines, but of all other races, should be first in South Africa the trend of public thoroughly trained in their profesopinion is to turn back the wheel of sion, before being sent out to work. progress and confine the natives in native areas. While the African heathen con- tinue to live in dark and dangerous The Missionary Outlook places there is still a call for mis- sionaries to go and live among them. Against such an array of hostile They can not be converted by Bibles forces, we have an alliance with the and tracts printed in England and missionaries who brought us the Gos- America or by evangelists quickly pel, and I believe that in the end we taught in the night-schools in the are certain of victory. But there is mmmg centers. There are coma question which I would like the munities where the people are now friends of missions to consider, viz. so advanced in Christian civilization whether the change in the policy of that they can be left to the ministhe chief missionary societies is for trations of native pastors, but many the better. We would be very un- new centers of light must be created, grateful if after so long and faith-

BLACK PROBLEM IN SOUTH AFRICA

tho we alone, unaided by our mis- is being carried on entirely by the sionary progenitors, are still too Africans themselves. When nafeeble to create them. tive education and advancement is receiving such recognition from the The Coming Kinlrdom highest sources, it may be taken as a little indication of the door that In spite of heathenism, in spite of is opened to us. If there were no political disabilities, we are moving adversaries, no hostile criticism and on. The Kingdom is coming. On no disabilities to be overcome, we these hills, where within my recol- would seem to be lacking in crelection the wild antelopes formerly dentials that God has opened the roamed without molestation, we re- door. There are agents who would, cently witnessed a remarkable scene on account of race prejudice, perat the openjng of a new building of vert all principles of justice to the Zulu Christian Industrial School. their own selfish advantage; yet One of the finest buildings for native the agencies for the extension of education in these parts was erected the Gospel are so marvelously inalmost entirely by the natives them- creased, and such facilities for eduselves. Lord and Lady Buxton, Gov- cation and advancement are being ernor-General of the Union of South opened, that we are greatly en- Africa, his two daughters and retinue couraged. But our trust is in none came in six motor cars. There were of these things. It is in our Savior also gathered some 3,000 natives, who died that we might be free, over half of whom were well-drest and we believe that His Kingdom Christians. This building is only will yet come and His will be done one of the fourteen erected in this on earth as it is in Heaven. institution which was initiated and II THROUGH THE EYES OF AN AFRICAN BOY II The following story is told by a young ago now, and we never go back yet; but Kaffir boy: we want to go and tell our father and When I was a boy in Africa, my father mother that man works and woman stays sent me to keep sheep. In Africa, men don't work at all; women work; but men dress at home. That is proper, because man is their hair and fight and talk; boys keep strong and woman is weaker, and got babies cattle, not in little fields, but in wide open places, where a lion or a leopard may come to mind. But Kaffir woman very strong, to catch them; the boys watch, and if lion must put baby on her back and work just come make a great noise, a great, great noise, and frighten him away. One day the same, make crops grow and grind corn, some boys tell my brother and me they had and dig and build house; and when she get been to Natal, and seen many wonderful things; big houses and ships and looking- old -and weak and no use Kaffir man say: glasses, and white animals like men and women, and they make strange noises, no- "This one no use now, must push her over," body could understand. This makes us think and then they take her to steep place on we must go and see these white animals and these wonderful things, and we ask our top of hill and push her down, because she father to please let us go to Natal for is no use and can't do anything. Now I three months. That's three or four years know that's very wicked, and I want to go back and tell my people and they sha'n't push my old grandmother over, I hope. She loves me and my brother, and we want to go soon to save her from being pushed over, and tell her about Jesus.-Mission Day- spring.

Heroism In Uganda*'

BY BISHOP TUCKER HE martyr spirit is not the way of salvation. This so touched IDT dead in Uganda, as the the heart of Raked, who was present, folIowing incident testi- that she volunteered to go and teach the women and children. She was fies. warned. She was told of the peril. It would be at the risk of her life. In- . Some months ago I – ~- was officiating in the Cathedral at Mengo. The great con- fection meant death. There was no gregation had dispersed, and a large cure; but nothing could turn her from body of the communicants remained. her purpose.

Slowly the service proceeded, the pro- "I know all this," she said, "but found silence broken only by the those people are dying and know solemn words of administration. The nothing of Christ, the Savior of the last communicants had returned to world. I know and love Him, and their places, and I was about to close must go and tell them of Him."

the service, when from the extreme She went, and after a while came end of the building-a corner of the back and told how she had been enabled south aisle, where she had been sitting to lead one and another to the feet of by herself-a woman advanced slowly the Savior ere they passed into the up the nave. I waited wonderingly. unseen world. She returned to her As she took her place, kneeling alone post. A few months passed by, and at the rail, Henry Wright Duta, who then came the news that she was ill.

was assisting me, whispered in my ear, She was brought back and carried up "It is Rakeri." to the hospital at Mengo, where Dr.

"Rakeri!" In a moment her story Cook, having examined her, pronounced flashed through my mind, and with the fatal verdict, "sleeping sickness."

heart uplifted in praise to God, and She lived for some months in the with a voice ill-controlled through the hospital under the doctor's care, and emotion that welled within, I admin- during the whole of that time, as' long istered to her the emblems of the dying as she could move about, she was as a love of Our Lord and Savior Jesus ministering angel to the sick ones in Christ. Slowly and with dragging the women's ward. She would go from footsteps she returned to her place, bed to bed, reading with this one and and with the Gloria in Excelsis and praying with that one, soothing all in the Benediction the service came to an their pain as far as she was able, and end. ever seeking with loving words and Now who was Rakeri (Rachel)? tender pleading to lead them to the She was a woman connected with the feet of the Savior. And all the while congregation at Ngogwe, near the she was a dying woman.

shores of the Great Lake. Some time Where, in the whole history of the previously it had been told at a meet- Christian Church, is there to be found ing of Christians how that on a certain a nobler instance of self-sacrificing island sleeping sickness had broken out, love? "Greater love hath no man than and that the people were dying in large this, that a man lay down his life for numbers without anyone to teach them his friends."

• From "Eighteen Years in Uganda and East Africa." by Bisholl Tucker.

Every-day Religion In China *

· BY THE REV. HOPE GILL, WEST CHINA Formerly of the Church Missionary Society ICTURE yourself station- prostrates' himself there, offering up in- cense and burning candles. mP ed in the midst of a Chinese county capital. Similiar ceremonies take place indoors Weare the only white in front of the family altar. At sunrise people amid a popula- and sunset every day family worship is tion of over 70,000 Chin- held both before the home shrine and at ese; the nearest station where white the doorway of every house. This impeople live being forty-five miles away. portant feature has a significant lesson Altho this is not a large city, yet it is for all Christian people. It puts to shame one surrounded with great walls, with many whose devotion to the living and the usual four gates, and it has a resident true God falls far short of that of the magistrate, who is responsible for law poor heathen to his false gods!

and order throughout the country. Only on special occasions, for ex- AU around are to be seen facts and ample, New Year and the Dragon Feast, acts connected with every-day religion. do all the members of each family join On the east of our mission house, quite in this worship. Those are times also close by, is a great temple dedicated to when due reverence is, paid to the older the God of Medicine, while on the other members, who have everything provided side, with only a few shops between, is for them, kneeling hassocks, incense another temple to the Fire-god. The lighted, etc., by the younger members.

monotonous sounds of the gong-beating, In these great festivals all are drest and the beU-tapping are ever telling us in their best-or "bigH-clothes. On that souls are worshiping they know ordinary days, one of the junior memnot what, seeking peace and forgiveness bers in most cases performs the daily of sins, but, alas t finding none. homage for the rest of the family. Out Walking through the crowded streets, in the open he offers up his oblations and we notice pieces of tessellated red paper bows down before all, standing and hanging from the lintel of every door- kneeling in the street doorway. In He- way, and on the two door-posts of every brews 9 :22, we notice how this blood house strips of red paper are pasted, thus cleansing has been known for ages past.

signifying that the inhabitants worship The missionary can use this in his evanspirits. If we look again at the lintel, we see feathers with blood sprinkled on gelistic preaching. them sticking to it, and blood sprinkled on the papers too. This means that at In many shops are hung long strings the New Year sacrifices were offered to the local deities by the slaying of fowls, of fire-crackers, paper money and the blood being sprinkled to atone for the sins of the household. Not only is the candles, stuck by their bamboo "wicks" victim slain to appease the local gods, but also to propitiate Heaven and Earth, into straw ropes, as well as bundles of for the blood is sprinkled on the ground incense paper. A great trade is done in the sale of these materials' for idola- trous worship. Each act of· daily Chinese worship costs money, and read- ily do these poor benighted souls pay for all such perquisites. • at the doorway, while the worshiper Some worshipers go from their houses • From The Church Missionary Gleaner.

to neighboring temples, and there pro- The same ceremony is repeated before pitiate the gods in the same manner. For attempting any bad rapid in the up-river instance, numbers of devotees crowd in- journey. The missionary, at such a moto the temple of the fire-god on certain ment speaks for his Master to the crew occasions. The Buddhist priests are on board, and on shore to the trackers, kept busy and make a good revenue out and scatters among the riverside inof it. To see able and clever men thus habitants Gospels and tracts. prostrate themselves again and again before this god of fire, or before the In the Confucian temple, on the first medicine god, or the so-called "guardian" or the fifteenth of the month a bang! or "king" of the city, fills us with burn- bang! bang! is heard, accompanied by ing zeal in our campaign against the the sound of trumpets. The gong-beathosts of darkness. ers go along, heralding the advent of the city magistrate with his big retinue of Another act of every-day religion in under officials and attendants. Inside vast China is connected with boat traffic. the temple, before the tablet put up in If we intend to travel anywhere by boat, honor of Confucius, when all is arwhen our boat is chartered, the agree- ranged, incense is offered up. The father ment written and duly signed, the day to and mother of the people in the person start has arrived, and we are all on board of the magistrate prostrates himself full the house boat quite ready, there is still length on the floor, three times over delay. Why? The skipper and his pilot kneeling down, and nine times knocking have gone to a temple or shrine to wor- his head before the tablet. Meanwhile ship! A fowl is taken out of the boat's fire-crackers are let off, gongs loudly hold and is sacrificed in the temple, so beaten, and everyone around stands at that the deity who dominates the river attention, waiting to take their turn. may be appeased. The men then come back from the temple and prostrate them- These Chinese claim our very best, selves before the blood sprinkled on the both in intellect and spiritual power. prow of the boat. They have also scat- They are ready now to be evangelized tered some feathers, which will remain by laborers "full of the Holy Ghost." on the now sacred spot perhaps for A million a month in China are dyi.ng, weeks. Meanwhile the whole crew really dying, without the knowledge of watches reverently. Then, when suf- the Savior. Who will go forth to this ficient fire-crackers have been set off great and glorious work? "To God be to frighten the evil spirits, and the wor- the glory, great things He hath done," ship is' over, the order comes from the but if His servants "forward go" to posskipper, "Kai chz~'an," which means, sess the land yet lying fallow, "strong "Open out the boat, let go!" through His Eternal Son," we shall see "greater things than these."

MY PRIVILEGE The Missionary Offering is at hand, and the call for funds is pressing and insistent. I must decide what to do about it, because I mean to be loyal to Christ and to my Church, to help make America a Christian country, and to help give the Gospel to the world.

On the one hand: On the o,ther hand: My hope in Christ. Many people without Christ. My splri.tual bl~ssings. Many who are meeting defeat in life's battle. My church fel1owship. Many in woe, squalor) sorrow, and sin.

My Christian surroundings. .Many devoid of spiritual privileges. My prosperity. Many unable to rise alone or help themselves. My abiliw to give. Many dependent on Christian help. My Lord s money in my hands. Many needing what my Lord's money would provide If I say "no," what will that mean to me, to my fellow men, to my Lord?- The Christian Missionary.

Wanted· A Missionary*

0 read the advertisement spent a good many hours on many 'days running these down by letters and inter- 11S1 in a Boston daily paper. views. Ruling out those obviously un- "Wanted: a printer to qualified, he sent nine applicants to the take charge of a Mission Board Rooms. Then the final sifting presS' in West Africa. process began. Apply to Employment Secretary, Y. M. C. A." Number 1 looked exceedingly promis- ing-a foreman in charge of a press- Every day brings something of interest room in one of the largest printing -frequently of romantic interest-to the establishments in the country. He Home Department of the American wanted to know how many linotype Board in the matter of securing recruits machines we had. "None ? Well, well, for needy fields. Vve keep in correspond- well!" "And how long will it take to ence with hundreds of volunteers and get out a book?" "A month at least," possible volunteers. These cover a wide we told him. "We issue a book about range of callings: clergymen, physicians, every day in our plant," he replied. educators, agriculturists, industrial teach- Still he wanted to go, liked the adveners, business agents, architects, and, most ture, etc. We sent for his wife, and frequently of all, young women teachers. that settled it. No missionary bu~iness Recently we have entered upon the task for them. of finding a printer to take charge of our press at Kamundongo, West Africa. Number 2 proved to be an experienced Through the gift of a Boston business worker, too experienced, in fact; we man we have an excellent printing and ruled him out on the score of age. binding plant out there, from which the Mission is waiting to publish seven or Number 3 was all right on the profeseight text-books, the New Testament, a sional side, but admitted his wife was hymn book, and a number of other things. not interested in Africa and he would The position calls for an all-round printer have to leave her behind. That settled of strong Christian character, and of such his case. personality as to make a congenial member of the station group. Number 4 was a reformed drunkard- a good fellow and a good printer; but Having failed to find such a man we couldn't take the risk. through our own efforts and those of the Student Volunteer Movement, we Number 5 runs a large jobbing estab. turned to Mr. Robinson, the Employment lishment near Boston, just the kind we Secretary of the Boston Young Men's want. Unfortunately, while "long" on Christian Association, who proved to be printing, he was "short" on religion. In a friend indeed. After hearing the con- fact, he confest to not being a Chris'- ditions and qualifications involved, Mr. tian at all. The conversation then turned Robinson placed the above "ad" in the from Africa to Boston and from print- Want column of a Boston paper. ing to personal religion, and he we1l:t out looking very serious. The response was immediate, even overwhelming. Nearly 150 printers put Number 6 was -the opposite kind: in an application, and Mr. Robinson "long" on religion but "short" on print- ing; a college graduate of good char- acter and full of missionary zeal, but • From The Missionary Herald.

with meager practical experience. So Number 8 was a good candidate too, it was a reluctant good-by to him also. in charge of the printing department of a manufacturing establishment known Number 7-a most interesting case- the world over; a nice-looking young Methodist, aged 35; good talker; had fellow, a Baptist, with an attractive wife. once thought of becoming a preacher; We noticed after two interviews that the has had a printing experience of twenty wife was asking very particularly about years in a large establishment; owns the climate and snakes. Still it looked his own home; a ladylike little wife, who good, and he was kept for further 5tudy. is a good housekeeper and as eager as himself; no children. Number 9, a well-set-up young fellow, recently converted, full of zeal, and a "How did you become interested?" good printer; all his relatives favorable. we asked. Ruled out on the ground of having no wife and health not sufficiently robust. "My pastor preached last Sunday on Christ building his Church, and said So it simmered down to two. More that Christ needed every kind of work- interviews, more letters, many testiman, that each Christian should seek to monials sought, doctors called in, pastors find his job and get busy on the great interviewed; and, to make a long story task. I said to my wife, as we walked short, Number 7 was presented to the home, there seemed little that I, as a Prudential Committee. The Committee printer, could do for Christ. When we listened with interest, approved his reached the house I took up a Boston papers, and he was engaged for five paper, a!ld my eyes fell on that 'ad' of years as missionary printer for West yours. I said to my wife: 'Look at that, Central Africa. will you! Why shouldn't I go to Africa as a missio~ary printer?' She agreed May the Lord use him mightily fqr that I should. So, sir, here we are. spreading the Gospel by the printed page Weare confident the Lord has called us among the natives of Angola, and may to that work." We put this man aside all the others who could not go find for further careful consideration. positions of great usefulness here at home I O-W-N. WoO-No N-O-W BY REV. SAMUEL MCP. GLASGOW, MERCEDES, TEXAS OWN. We want God to OWN this lower Rio Grande vaHey, and are ready to do' O1)r part. But the Evil One is fast preempting the land.

WON. If the Lord God is ever to OWN this valley it must be WON to Him. This can only be done with the help of the whole Church.

NOW. If God is to OWN this valley, it must be WON for Him NOW. Tomorrow, when sin and worldliness have become entrenched, how shall the lost title be regained for God ?-Condensed and adapted from The Missionary Survey.

DEPADTMENT

OF BEST METHODS MAKING THE MOST OF THE MAGAZINES BY BELLE M. BRAIN, 38 UNION AVENUE, SCHENECTADY, N. Y.

ISSIONARY work calls Let us then take both and get a world vision of the enterprise in its entirety. IiMI forth our hel~ in almost exact proportion to onr In the way of periodical literature a knowledge of its needs man needs his own denominational and progress. This is missionary magazine, some such general . — why our Lord said to missionary publication as the comprehen- sive and up-to-date MISSIONARY REVIEW His disciples "Lift up your eyes and OF THE WORLD, and a good daily news- paper.-WLILIAM T. ELLIS in "Men and look on the fields." Miss,ions."

But the mission fields are far away A Great Money-Raiser Missionary workers have long beand most of us can look on them only lieved that the magazines are great money-raisers. Now, through a system through printed pages. This makes of tracing gifts made to the Emergency Fund raised by the Episcopalians last the missionary magazine a very im- year, we have tangible proof of it. "The exact amount contributed portant factor in the work. Books through the influence of the magazine serve to bring us in touch with the can not be known," says The Spirit of Missions. "The first letter which went mission field and inspire us to service, to the whole Spirit of Missions family was not 'keyed' so as to differentiate but it is the regular, up-to-date infor- their offerings from others. But the second was. It reached 15,000 of our mation presented in the magazines month readers and the response made by them was three times as great as that from by month that keeps the fires steadily 60,000 non-readers whose names had been given us by their clergy. How burning. And it is the knowledge of much influence we may have had in some of the larger gifts we can not immediate need that calls forth the larg- determine, but it is gratifying to know that in September a donor sent a check est assistance. for $5,000, saying, 'I notice in The Spirit of Missions. that the Emergency The denominational magazine forms Fund is nearing the $400,000 you have a bond between the missionaries on the field and those who "stay by the stuff" in the homeland and is a neces- sity to those who would be intelligent workers and who desire to fulfil the obligations they have undertaken as a denomination. Not to take one's' de- nominational magazine is to keep one- self in ignorance of one's own work and lose its blessing and inspiration.

At the same time, especially in these days when great events are transpiring in mission lands, every Christian worker needs the broad outlook of the whole world field that can be obtained only in an interdenominational magazine.

asked us to raise. Please accept the woman who twenty-eight years ago in- enclosed contribution.''' vited her to join her club of subscribers to THE MISSIONARY REVIEW which was THE CLUB AGENT just then entering upon its new series There is no better way of increasing under the direction of Doctor Arthur T. missionary interest than getting more Pierson. All through the years the maga- missionary magazines taken and read. zine has been a source of inspiration and Yet many a society that exercises the help and the twenty-eight bulky bound greatest care in the selection of its volumes now constitute a reference li- other officers entrusts the work of brary that could not be equaled at many magazine circulation to anyone who is times the cost-perhaps not at any cost. willing to undertake it. Mrs. Mary Clokey Porter, Thank-offer- lt is, in some respects, a thankless ing Secretary of the United Presbyterian task and often makes large drafts on Woman's Board, who has done such re- one's pocket book, due to the fact markable work, was also a charter mem- that many subscribers are careless about ber of this pioneer club and in a re- . paying their bills. "Before I took the of- cent letter referred to THE REVIEW fice," wrote a faithful secretary to Wo- and the friend who formed the club in man's Work, "it was the custom for the terms of deep respect and affection. magazine secretary to send in the money from her own purse as soon as the mem- Every year men and women are led, berS' announced their intention of renew- through the influence of some mission- ing their subscriptions. I continued the ary magazine, to devote themselves and custom and at one time was more than their money to advancing the kingdom $12 out of pocket. More than one sub- of God. Perhaps the subscription you scriber waited a full year before giving helped to secure may reach some life me the money, and then did so with an- and turn it into channels of service for noyance and was much offended to be Christ. This is worth while. Take cour- asked to pay the next year's subscription age, then, club agents and magazine sec- in advance." No wonder this secretary retaries. Take up your task with joy refused renomination. and push it with vigor. On the other hand the privileges and rewards' of the work are great. One can PRAY FOR YOUR MAGAZINE never tell what even a single subscrip- tion will do. lt may, as one business The Editors N eed Your Prayers manager suggests, immediately put a So Do the Contributors missionary tincture into the whole at- And the Subscribers mosphere of the subscriber's heart and And the Canvassers home. It was a copy of THE MISSION- Few People Pray for the Magazines ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, sent him month by month by a Scotchman in his WILL YOU? church thct resulted in the missionary conversion of Doctor Robert F. Horton, SECURING SUBSCRIPTIONS of London, the great missionary speaker ApPOINT ENERGETIC AND ENTHUSIAS- who made such a deep impression at the TIC MAGAZINE AGENTS. In publishing a Student Volunteer Convention, at Kan- list of churches having clubs of twenty sas City.* The Best Methods editor or more subscribers, The Missionary never ceases to be thankful to the godly Herald says: "A glance over this list shows that these clubs are not confined * See "A Pastor's Experience: How I Learned to to one section of the country; nor to large churches; nor to those in cities; Put Missions First," by Doctor Robert F. Horton, nor to 'rich' congregations. They are {ISSIONARY REVIEW, May, 1914. in churches where some one has taken an interest in forming a club."

DEPARTMENT OF BEST METHODS 21

EQUIP THE CLUB AGENT. Complaints port of the church and its benevolences be- come from many sources of canvassers comes also a canvasser for the magazine. who do not take the magazines them- selves and can not therefore advertise ENLIST THE PASTORS. They are the them intelligently. Woman's Work tells best advertisers. A number of pastors of a secretary of literature who called in the Southern Presbyterian Church, at the office for a supply of posters, realizing the value of The Missionary circulars, and sample copies, and asked Survey, not only in arousing interest in as she was leaving, "What is this maga- the benevolences of the Church but in zine about anyway?" If the canvasser cultivating a spirit of service and sacri- can not afford to pay the price, either fice among their members, are promoting the society or the publishers should fur- its circulation by taking a few minutes nish the magazine free. at the Sunday morning service to intro- duce it from the pUlpit. A few have USE SAMPLE COPIES. Almost all personally canvassed their congrega- magazines are glad to supply them (back tions for subscribers. numbers), and they can be used in vari- ous ways. Some canvassers leave them ENLIST THE SUBSCRIBERS. They, too, at the homes and call later for subscrip- are good advertisers. "Let us talk the tions. Others send in lists of non-sub- magazine and the things we read in it scrl'bers and ask to have sample copies 'in season and out of season,''' says the mailed from headquarters. business manager of Lutheran Woman's Work. SELL SPECIAL NUMBERS.. In the last few years the Baptists have issued a ENLIST THE YOUNG PEOPLE. The Out- special Christmas number of Missions look of Missions tells of the missionary and have enlisted the children to sell committee of a Young People's Society copies on the profit-sharing plan. This that wanted something definite to do and introduces the magazine to a large num- at the suggestion of the pastor undertook ber of new readers and secures many to place a copy of the denominational .new subscriptions. The Spirit of Mis- missionary magazine in every home in sions also does this with its special Len- the congregation. Sample copies were ten number. sent for and the young people delivered one to each home. Two weeks later the MAKE MAGAZINE SUBSCRIPTIONS ONE homes were visited again and subscrip- POINT IN THE EFFICIENCY STANDARD. tions solicited. It was a heavy task but This works well. "Our Literature Com- it developed the missionary activity of mittee secured as many subscriptions as the society and secured many new sub- we have members so we can go on the scribers. Honor Roll," says a worker in Lutheran Woman's Work. "Vve have gained an- ENLIST THE SUNDAY-SCHOOL. There other point for the Standard of Effici- is an immense amount of energy in the ency by securing five new subscribers," Sunday-school; most of it is unused. In says another. In the last few years the Southern Presbyterian Church a such reports have been duplicated in number of classes have been canvassing countless societies. for The Missionary Survey. A class of INCLUDE MAGAZINE SUBSCRIPTIONS IN five 14-year old boys' rounded up 55 new THE EVERy-MEMBER CANVAS. The General Assembly of the Presbyterian subscribers in 10 days and a class of 10 Church makes provision for subscrip- girls secured 58 subscriptions in a church tionS' to The Assembly Herald on its of 200 members where only 10 copies official Every-Member Canvass blanks'. had been taken before. Thus everyone canvassing for the sup- HAVE A MAGAZINE FUND. A Woman's Missionary Society in the United Pres- byterian Church has a fund for furnish.

ing copies of The Woman's Missionary have gone steadily forward until they Magazine for three or six months or now number nearly 40,000. a year to women who are not interested in missions or who are not (or think Two years ago the plan was to urge they are not) financially able to pay the every society to make the year a "Red price. The plan works well. Many of Letter Year" by placing the magazine the temporary subscribers have become in the home of every member. To keep permanent ones. the aim before the societies and show the progress made, a simple chart was What a Druggist Did devised, directions for making which Few business men would think of using are as follows: their show windows to advertise a missionary magazine, but that is what an "Take a sheet of cardboard and mark Ohio druggist did not long ago. it into s'quares large enough to be seen "One day when one of our secre- across the room, providing as many taries was walking along the street," squares as there are members in the society. Around the outer edges set says The Mission01"y Intelligencer, "his apart as many squares as there are attention was' arrested by a strange ex- subscribers in the society and color them hibit in a drug-store window. Others red using ink, paint, or crayon. This had stopt also and were studying the will leave as many white squares in the unusual spectacle. The owner of the center as there are non-subscribers and store is a member of the Christian will show at a glance how many sub- Church and believes in missions. In the scriptions are needed to reach the aim. background was a fine exhibit of vari- When new subscribers are reported, color ous goods such as a drug-store usually squares red to represent them. Hang sets forth, but on the window glass itself the chart in a conspicious place and call were at least a dozen interesting pictures frequent attention to it." and clippings from The Miss.ionary Intelligencer." This plan was productive of large re- sults and could be used by any society.

A RED LETTER YEAR The Steady Subscriber How dear to our heart is the steady sub- scriber, Who pays in advance of the birth of each year, Who lays down the money and does it quite gladly, And casts round the office a halo of cheer.

. , , ,members In our ..,cletJ. He never says "Stop it; I can not afford it, •…subscribers to the Home Mission Monthly. I'm getting more magazines now than I read" ; But always says, "'Send it; our people all like it- In fact we all think it a help and a need."

A Red Letter Chart How welcome his check when it reaches Every year Miss Finks, the capable our sanctum; editor of The Home Mission Monthly, devises some schem~ to keep the sub- How it makes our pulse throb; how it scription lists up to a definite standard. These have proved so successful that makes our heart dance! even in years of depression the lists We outwardly thank him; we inwardly bless him- The steady subscriber who pays in ad- vance. -The Lamp.

OF BEST METHODS 21

ember, 1914, there appeared in the maga- zine a cut of a tall pine tree on the branches of which were the names of the 21 synods of the Church with the number of subscribers in each. At the same time a vigorous campaign for new subscribers was' inaugurated.

At the Biennial Meeting of the Woman's Board held in Omaha last May, the tree idea was used again to report progress. At one of the sessions a liv- ing tree-a beautiful white pine-was placed on a table in front of the room and one by one the delegates came for- ward and with appropriate words' hung on the tree clusters of real fruit- peaches, apples, grapes, etc.-each indi- vidual piece of fruit representing 100 subscriptions.

At the close the delegates stood around the heavily laden tree and sang an adaptation of "The Steady Subscrib- er" to the tune of "The Old Oaken Bucket."

By making a large chart with a "Magazine Tree," instead of printing it in a magazine, it could be used by any organization composed of a group of societies as well as by a Woman's Board.

ANNOUNCEMENTS FOR THE BUL- LETIN BOARD One of the best ways of advertising a missionary magazine in a church is to place striking announcements of it either in the church calendar or on the bulletin board in the vestibule. The following A Magazine Tree THE MISSIONARY HERALD FOR 1913 Another year opens. Will it be as The "Magazine Tree" devised by Mrs. thrilling as this year? Revolution in Louise K. Krechting, business manager China! War in Turkey! Rebellion in of Littheran Woman's. Work, has proved MeJGico ! Missionaries in the thick of a fine thing for pushing magazine circu- world events! Could you' have spared lation and stimulating friendly rivalry the Missionary Herald in 1912? among the synodical societies composing Now for 1913. The Missionary Herthe Lutheran Woman's Board. In Nov- ald will be awake to whatever tran- spires on its many fields of action. Time to renew SUbscriptions now- 75 cents a year. Clubs of tenor more, 50 cents each.

THE pages and the bedraggled covers. This WOMAN'S MISSIONARY MAGAZINE may seem a strange way to love, but if Published in the Interest of the the editors knew all the good things that have first been gleaned from its pages, Woman's Missionary Society even they would not censure my destruc- of the tiveness.

United Presbyterian Church We would not think much of a me- chanic who loved his tools so well that NOTE he would not take them out of the tool chest. To me The Survey is a chest That- full of tools invaluable to every mission- ary worker. Shall we preserve the chest An informed church will be a and let the tools lie and rust? Shall we transformed church. pile the magazines neatly on a shelf to accumulate dust and at last end their That- days in the kindling-box? I do hot ob- ject to a reference file; it is useful some The paucity and powerlessness of our times. But if you wish to keep a file of prayers for missions is not due so your Surveys, take two copies. This is the plan in our home. much to heartlessness as to a lack of knowledge of the things for which we Most of us are busy housekeepers. should pray. You may have little time for reading. Your Survey may have to lie for hours, That- maybe days, unenjoyed. When the first spare minute comes, take a pencil and The Woman's Missionary Magazine sit down to read. If you have only time has but one great aim-The Spread of for a few pages, read them carefully by all means. Read with the mind and heart the Kingdom for God's Honor and open-not filled with other things. Mark Men's Good. each picture that should be saved, each article you will need for future refer- Will You Help to Circulate itf ence.

advertisements used by the magazines After the magazine has been well read they represent can be easily adapted to and much marked its mission is not others. ended, even tho by this time it looks old and dilapidated. When a quiet evening GETTING THE MOST OUT OF A arrives, get busy with a pair of scissors. MAGAZINE BY MRS. J. M. WILLIAMS, WESSON, MISSISSIPPI In the Southern Presbyterian Church_ we are blest with having such a helpful co-worker as The Missionary Survey. I love it 5'0 well that when I am done with it nothing is left but a few jagged THE EQUIVALENT OF TWENTY-ONE VOLUMES FOR $2.50 Each year THE MISSIONARY REVIEW contains the equivalent of twenty-one volumes, a complete library of Missions, on the history, methods, principles, and progress of Missions, and the lives of Missionaries and Native Converts. Each small volume would contain about 30,000 words (one hundred and fifty pages). Noone who has a live interest in the work of Christ cart afford to lose the in- • spiration of this great international magazine.

OF BEST METHODS

Cut out the pictures, poems and articles densed from The Home Mission M onthmarked beforehand and file them. I use ly, could not be bettered: small wooden boxes, each plainly labeled -Africa, Brazil, Cuba, Children, Med- DEVOTIONAL SERVICE. Subject: "Spreadical Missions, Educational and Indus- ing the Light." Text: "The women that trial Work, Poems, General Use-about publish the tidings are a great host." a dozen in all. These may be sub-divided if desirable. Thus the box marked PRAYER for a blessing on The Home "General Use" may have envelopes Mission Monthiy, the editor, the writers, marked "Poems" and "Scriptural Ex- the readers, and upon all missionary literaercises." The programs and exercises ture. given in The Survey should always be saved as they give good ideas of ar- HYMN. "Tell the Glad Story." rangement and other helpful hints for THE MAGAZINE. Have seven women take program makers. the following parts: 1. THE COVER. Use the charming new Each box should also have an envel- poster which contains the cover and is large ope for pictures relating to its contents. enough to be seen across the room. Call Nothing is more valuable than picture- attention to the high artistic merit of the cover (it was produced by a leading cova teaching. Keeping the pictures to il- artist), its fine coloring, the ecclesiastical suggestions of the design and the seal of lustrate our programs will put uS' in the Woman's Board. touch with far away lands and our fel- 2. EDITORIAL NOTES. Hav~ a condenlow workers in them. sation of these given from memory. 3. THE SECRETARIES' NOTES. Have the Such a library as these boxes form most important points in these given from is convenient a~d more valuable and memory, especially emphasizing those of usable than any book ever written. A value to the society. fine missionary library is of great bene- 4. TOPIC OF THE MONTH. Have a five fit and it is well to read every good book minute resume of the articles presenting you can find. But for every day "tools," this. give me my "chest" of clippings! 5. THE ILLUSTRATIONS. Have these des- cribed viv.idly, using incidents or facts 'When a program is to be prepared, gleaned from this or other numbers to make consult your cliJlPings. When you wish them more telling. to inform_yourself upon a mission or a 6. SIGNIFICANT hEMS. Have a number missionary, go to your home-made en- of short, pithy items, brief news notes, cyclopedia. plans, etc., (distributed beforehand) retold by the members in their own language. If you can afford to subscribe to maga- 7. If there is a story or general article zines in other lines costing $1.50 or more, of special interest, have it retold; or have a you can surely afford $1.00 for two sub- poem recited. scriptions to The Surz·ey-one to keep, Here is a suggestion for introducing if keep you must, and one to USE.- (Condensed from a leaflet published by all the missionary magazines of a de- The Woman's Auxiliary.) nomination that comes from a Presby- MAGAZINE MEETINGS terian Christian Endeavor program is- sued a few years ago: "Send for sample Magazine meetings are invaluable for copies of The Assembly H erali, introducing missionary periodicals to a Woman's Work, The Home Mission society and usually result in more maga- Monthly, and Over Sea and Land, and zines being taken and read. have each reviewed by a different per- Such meetings may present one maga- son, special mention being made of the zine or many. For introducing an individual magazine, this program, con- best things in each." Still another plan-one that worked well in the Woman's Missionary Society

of Union Presbyterian Church, Schenec- year, realizing that tho many of the tady-is to procure copies of a number members were subs'Cfibers to The Mis- of different magazines of different de- sionary Survey, they were not as familiar nominations together with THE MIS- with it and its four lines of work as they SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, Every- ought to be, the Secretary of Literature land and Men and Missions, and present suggested its use as a text-book. "A them in turn, telling something of the great point in favor of the plan," she character and scope and giving brief says, "is the fact that the price of the selections from their pages. By select- magazine (fifty cents) is not much more ing a poem from one, an inspirational than the cost of many of the study books article from another, a missionary's let- anel that by ming it for the few weeks ter from a third, a chart from a fourth, the class is in session, the members would a picture from a fifth, and' so on, a have it for an entire year and perhaps varied and profitable program was given learn to love it 5'0 much that they will that was much enjoyed. The maga- become regular subscribers and readers." zines can be secured at small cost from headquarters or they can be borrowed The January, February and March from missionary workers of different de- numbers of The Missionary Survey nominations in one's own city. formed the text-book, with a file of the magazine, and the prayer calendar for A MAGAZINE STUDY CLASS reference. The splendid maps issued by the Publication Committee were also a From the Maxwell Street Pres'byter- great help. Each of the four causes repian Church, Louisville, Kentucky, comes resented in The Survey and the Circle the report of something new in mission were taken up in turn and thoroughly study. The Ben Bigstaff Mission Circle treated. The meetings were very interwhich had its origin some twenty years estinng and the members were able to ago in a young girls' Bible class taught grasp the wide-spread and varied work of by Mrs. Evans D. Veach, has been hold- their Church as never before. ing a mission study class with The Missionary Survey, the official organ of the The class work occupied one hour each Southern Presbyterian Church, as a week, the order of exercises being as text-book. Through the courtesy of Miss follows: Scripture reading, hymn, pray- Lily Appleton, Secretary of Literature in er; a review of the previous lesson; the Circle, we are enabled to give the questions on the day's lesson; sometimes following account of this interesting ex- a short talk by the leader; closing prayperiment. er. A social hour followed during which sandwiches with tea or chocolate were The Ben Bigstaff Mission Circle, in ac- served. An interesting feature of two cordance with the recommendation of meetings, one on home missions, the the General Assembly of the Southern other on foreign, was the use of the Presbyterian Church, is organized for work along four lines which are also questions published on these topics each included in The Survey-(l) Home Mis- month in The Survey, the answers to sions; (2) Foreign Missions; (3) Chris- which are to be found in the pages of tian Education and Ministerial Relief; the magazine itself. (4) Young People's Work and Sundayschool Extension. The study class should create a de- mand for the magazines. Perhaps it Every winter for the last ten years would be a good plan for every society, the Circle has held a mission study class, once at least, to conduct a study class using the regular text-books. But last along the lines herein described.

W l D E

MISSIONADY NEWS LATIN AMERICA takes' a constantly deeper hold. In Peru the celebration of the 100th anniversary Facta About South America of the end of the Inquisition and the agitation for religious liberty indicate SOUTH America is nearly 5,000 miles another approaching emancipation. Chile, long and 3,000 miles wide in the wid- two years ago, was stirred to the depths est part. It embraces ten republics exclu- by the coming of a Papal delegate whose sive of Panama and the Guianas. It has program was to sell various church the largest rivers, the greatest mountain properties in order to remit the proceeds ranges and the densest forests of any to Rome. Fifty thousand people pacontinent in the world. The Amazon raded the streets of Santiago demandhas 60,000 miles of navigable water- ing his expulsion by the government. way. There are 300 tribes of Indians, Opposition to Romanism is especially some of whom have come under the strong among Chilean students' and domination of the Roman Catholic workmen. Church, but many have not yet been reached by Roman Catholics or Protes- An Evangelical Colony in Brazil tants. The population of the continent is about 50,000,000, of whom probably O VER twenty years ago Mr. F. C. 40,000,000 have not had the Gospel pre- Glass, of the South American Evansented to them in a sufficiently intelligent gelical Union, visited Santa Cruz, Goyaz, way for them to understand it. All of Brazil, held two meetings and sold a the rep·.lblics have granted religious few Scriptures. A copy fell into the toleration, but the most bitter opposi- hands of a stranger from the Gamelleira tion to evangelical missionary work District who read it, became interested, still comes' from the priests of the began preaching from it and led eleven Roman Catholic Church. By these the of his neighbors to God. On Mr. Glass' Bible is pronounced an immoral book return later, meetings were held and which will corrupt the minds of those 4S persons were baptized, among them who read it. No continent of the size Jose Pereira, a large landowner of Gaand population of South America has so melleira, who offered a large tract of few missionaries. land for Christian colonization. This was legally made over to the mission, Latin America and Rome fenced, and provided with houses, and a church building to accomodate 300 T HOSE who think that missions in people. Alcohol and tobacco were barred South America are an intrusion up- from the community. Senor Ricardo on an honored branch of the Christian was installed as pastor and for some Church hardly take into consideration years has engaged in itinerating evanthe growing intensity of hatred which gelization through the whole surroundpeoples of Latin America cherish to- ing region. Already there are numbers ward the priests of Rome. Mexicans of s'cattered Christians about, as well as have ordered them out of the country. In Uruguay the revolt against the padres

a body of some 150 in the colony itself. day-school, proprely managed, is to be To minister to their Christian growth, the great evangelizing agency of this summer conventions for Bible study land."

have been held during the last three years. At that of June, 1915, between Protestantism a Force in Mexico four and five hundred persons were in SIGNOR GARZA LEAL, a Y. M. C.

attendance, and before the meeting~ A. secretary, expresses the convic- closed 20 unconverted persons had been tion that Protestantism is' to be one of added to the Church. The village was the main forces in the future progress of crowded with happy guests; all the farm- Mexico. He says that' this form of houses in the neighborhood were filled to Christianity has been a force against overflowing with men and women eager those who rob the lower classes, and that for Bible study and prayer.-Record of it has helped to purify the Roman Cath- Christian Work. olic Church and to rouse it to new activi- ties. Protestantism has helped to de- V Social Service in South America velop in Mexico a middle class. Its ISITORS to South America miss efforts have been especialIy directed to- from the life of the young people, ward the lower classes, who need am- and especially from the lives of the bition to be prosperous, clean, well-edu- young women, the absorption in s'ocial cated, independent, and good. That service which has in the past few years ambition the Protestant Church is help- become almost a passion among large ing to awaken.

numbers of Christian young people in Protestantism has also helped to form North America. The young woman of an educated class and build up the school South America, beautiful and admirable system in Mexico, but greatest of all is in many ways, has been taught to look what it has done for Mexican women.

forward only to marriage and home com- forts as the ends of her existence. A Narrow Escape in Guatemala T Higher education is therefore considered HE dangers that are encountered in disturbed districts of Central superfluous for women, and their active par'ticipation in community betterment America are exemplified in the recent movements is almost unknown. experience of Dr. C. F. F. Secord, a In view of that fact, the work of Miss missionary in Guatemala. When he Estella C. Long in Montevideo, Uraguay, was assisting in the care of the is noteworthy. She has organized the wounded during a short campaign of first teacher-training class among young the Government against revolutionists women of South America, and the girls he was shot, but not seriously, and are taking hold of their work eagerly. with a few others was separated from They are using as a text-book a Spanish the body of the troops. He fell into translation of the late Doctor' Hugh the hands of the revolutionists, who Hamill's Legion of Honor course, and proceeded to strip the doctor and two are engaging in many "through the week others, and then tied them securely to activities" which are excellent forms of stakes driven in a large ant hill. Here social service. They have organized a they were left to be devoured by these Cradle Roll, and each girl is responsible carnivorous insects. The night wore for enroIling and caring for ten babies. on and they waited in awful suspense They have also formed a sewing-guild for the light to break, when the ants to provide clothing for the poor chil- would come out and begin their deadly dren of their community. "I feel con- work. Before morning dawned how- fident," writes Miss' Long, "that the Sun- ever, God answered their prayers and

WORtD-WIDE MISSIONARY

they heard the shouts of some of their way was prepared the week previous by troops who were making a search for meetings for prayer, 16 in number, held them. at the homes of various parishioners.

NORTH AMERICA Centennial of the Bible Society New Prohibition States T HIS year is memorable as the cen- INTOXICATING drink has aptly been tennial year of the American Bible called the "modern demon-possession." Society, which was organized in the con- The casting out of these demons has been sistory room of the Garden Street Re- progressing through legal processes. formed (Dutch) Church, New York, On January 1, 1916, seven more States on May 8, 1816. Sixty men banded them- joined the prohibition army, which is selves together as an organization to pushing forward its forces every year. give to the Word of God a wider circu- The new States which bar intoxicants lation in the world. While the actual are Arkansas, Washington, Idaho, Iowa, centennial anniversary will not take Colorado, South Carolina, Oregon, and place until May, and while the general those already dry are: Maine, Kansas, national gatherings of the different de- Tennessee, Mississippi, Arizona, North nominationS" will have special exercises Carolina, West Virginia, Georgia, North at their annual meetings in May and Dakota, Oklahoma, and Alabama. Vir- June in recognition of the centennial, ginia, having already vqted out the sa- yet it has been urged that churches gen- loons by a surprizing majority, steps in erally regard the entire year as the line next November. Thus one can "Centennial Year" in which the claims start from our farthest northwestern of the American Bible Society shall be point and travel entirely across the laid afresh upon the generosity of God's United States to Cape Hatteras, in dry people.

territory, with the exception of a small Bolton Laymen Organize corner of Wyoming or Utah, which one must traverse to pass from Idaho into A PERMANENT Boston committee Colorado. of the Laymen's Missionary Move-.

A Church Missionary Week ment was organized recently, represent- ing in its· membership the Episcopalian, THE Church of the Atonement, Phila- Congregational, Baptist, Methodist, delphia, recently held a s·eries of Presbyterian, and Universalist denomi- services called A Missionary Week. nations. The principal work of the "The idea of the missionary week," says movement is to be carried on by com- the rector, "is perhaps not new, but the mittees of each denomination, but the sUccess was so wonderful that I hope general committee is expected to help other clergy may try the plan." The them to do their work better. The "plat- services began with Sunday, and were form" adopted at this occasion is to have held on the following evenings, with these "planks": (1) The enlistment of afternoon services for women. Bishops men in church work in enormously in- and missionaries, together with local creased numbers; (2) the adoption by clergy were among the speakers. The each man and each church of a larger choirs of the neighboring parishes co- and more heroic program, including operated. The congregations at the eve- service to the whole world; (3) the ap- ning services averaged 350, and the in- plication of whole-hearted cooperation fluence of the Week was felt in all the within a church and between denomi- adjoining parishes·. A large measure of nations. An every-member canvass the success is due to the fact that the annually, and of a very thorough na-

ture, IS planned for every church in illto Christian truth i" constantiy inthe Boston district. creasing. Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer is an active member of the Society, the The Home Mission Task To-day secretary of which is Mrs. James M. Montgomery, Box 888, New York T HOSE are wrong who think erro- City. neously that the occasion for home mis'sion work in America is largely pass- Missions Boards and Theological ed. We must remember that a home missionary frontier consists of new com- A Students munities or new situations because of NEW and important move was which people without adequate religious made when 34 students, representprovision are as a matter of fact home ing seven theological seminaries of the missionary needs and opportunities in Protestant Episcopal Church, met at America are larger today than at any the Church Missions House, New York, other time in the past one hundred years. for a two days' conference in January. There are more new communities spring- One of the significant facts was that ing up without church provision than the initiative was taken by the semiat any other time. Moreover the popu- naries rather than by the Board. lation is a more shifting population. The first day was devoted to a study Possibly, however, the most insistent of the missionary enterprise and the missionary appeal of to-day, is that present conditions and needs of various which arises from the immigration to fields. The second day was devoted to America of millions from the Old methods'; the Conference visited the WOlld, coming in recent years from the several departments of the Church Mislands of the closed Bible. The spiri- sions House and saw its machinery in tualization of this host of new Ameri- operation, after which brief addresses cans is one of the pressing tasks of were given by the heads of the various home missions.-Rev. C. E. BARTON, departments, stating how the work of D.D., in The Congregationalist. each is conducted.

T American Work for Moslems The responsibility of theological stu- HE organization of the American dents took up the last afternoon with Christian Literature Society for papers on mission study, offerings, re- Moslems, Inc. offers a channel through cruiting, and intercession read by men which Christian truth can be sent into from the various seminaries. all parts of the Moslem world. Since the organization of the American Com- It is hoped that large results may mittee of the Nile Mission Press of follow this effort to relate the future Cairo in 1910, this committee and its clergy to the missionary enterprise of successor the Society, has forwarded the church. over $48,000 for the work of the Nile Mission Press and for Dr. Samuel M. Christian Relief of the Jews Zwemer's newspaper evangelism among Moslems. In one year ten and one-half O NE of the horrors of the present million pages of Christian literature war is the number of sufferers who were printed for Moslems and dis- have been innocent of belligerent acts tributed in China, Russia, India, Per- and who are helpless in the face of an sia, Malaysia, Turkey, Arabia, and enemy. Perhaps the largest class of Africa, where Arabic is' read. As a these sufferers are the J ew& in Russian result the number of Moslem inquirers Poland, Galicia, and neighboring dis- tricts. Their homeland is the battle ground for Russia and the central powers and both sides seem to add to their afflictions. Not only have the

16] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

Jews of America taken steps for the in their own language. These have relief of the sufferers, but even earlier been printed by the British and Foreign the Christians of America and England Bible Society in the syllabic character, opened a relief fund. The Jewish Mis- and in this connection we owe Mr.

sions of Great Britain have been -dis- Bilby an unspeakable debt of gratitude.

tributing generous contributions and a He has not only helped to write por- Russian Jew Relief Fund has recently tions of the New Testament in syllabics, been established in Canada with Sir but he has also prepared the Book of W m. Mortiimer Clark as Chairman, Exodus for the Eskimo. There are now ThomaS' Findly, Esq., Treasurer (88 many of these people in Baffin Land, Admiral Road, Toronto, Canada), and who have learned to read in this simple Rev. J. McP. Scott, D.D., as Secre-. character, and not only do they read, tary. It is estimated that out of but they try to understand what they 14,000,000 Jews, no less than 10,000,000 read. They also take with them tht are affected by the war. Millions are Word of God to places where it is destitute and homelesS' and starving. quite impossible for white men to go; Now is the time to manifest to them so friends will readily see what a won- the spirit of Christ. derful factor God's Word is in refer- ence to Eskimo evangelization, and what Jewish Relief for Suffering Jews scope there is for prayer that it may become still better known among the THE Jews of the United States an- many and scattered tribes of Eskimo."

nounce that they will raise $5,000,- 000 as a relief fund for members of EUROPE-BRITISH ISLES their race in the war-stricken countries A Revival Needed in Britain of Europe. At a meeting in Carnegie V Hall, New York, $800,000 was sub- ICE-ADMIRAL SIR DAVID BEATTY, Commander of the First scribed to this fund in a single evening.

Nor is the money coming only from the British Battle Cruiser Squadron, whose very wealthy. The poor are contribut- ships won a victory over the Germans ing generously. One Jewish workman, in the North Sea, has made a stirring earning $7 a week, is giving $3.50 a appeal for a great religious revival in week to the fund, or half his wages. On England. A letter from him was read the recent Jewish "Tag Day" (January at the annual convention of the Society 27th), it is said that $2,000,000 were for the Propagation of Christian contributed to the relief fund. The suf- Knowledge, in which he says: ferings of the Jews have been terrible, "Surely Almighty God does not in- everywhere in the war zone. The Jews tend this war to be just a hideous of America have sent $1,085,000 for the fracas or a blood-drunken orgy. There relief of their brethren in Russia, $600,- must be a purpose in it. Improvement 000 to Germany, $430,000 to Austria- must come out of it.

Hungary, and $109,243 to Palestine. "In what direction? France has al- I Eskimo Hungry for the Word ready shown the way and has risen N a recent letter a missionary tells out of her ruined cities with a revival of religion that is wonderful. Russia how eager these savages are for has been welded into a whole, and re- God's word. He says: "The Eskimo ligion plays a great part. England have now, chiefly through the trans- still remains to be taken out of the lations of the devoted Moravian stupor or self-satisfaction and com- Brethren, the whole of the New Testa- placency into which her flourishing ment and other parte of Holy Scripture condition has steeped her. Until she

can be stirred out of this condition, oversight of the work, the position of until a religious revival takes place. Acting-Director was accepted by Rev. just so long will the war continue. D. F. Mackenzie, a successful minister of the United Free Church of Scot- "When she can look on the future land.-The Christian. with humbler eyes and a prayer on her lips, then we can begin to count Bibles for the German Troops the days toward the end. Your society is helping to this end, and so is help- THE war has stirred German Cathing to bring the war to a successful olicism to the distribution of the end." Scriptures. A Catholic press in Trier published an edition of Matthew; also Oriental Students in British Universities a pocket edition containing a Harmony of the Gospels and the Acts. The THERE are very few Christian Episcopal approbation remarks: "Especi- Unions among British university ally in the camps and hospitals is there an earnest desire for religious edificamen where some attempt is not now tion. One can not satisfy this hunger made to show friendship and to give of Christian heroes better than by the help to Oriental students. East and distribution of the Scriptures which, as West Societies are being founded, which manna, is a food from heaven full of British and Oriental students join as all sweetness for believing hearts and members. These societies hold debates of spiritual power. May the Divine and social gatherings, and are bridging Spirit which talks in the Holy Scripthe gulf cut by race prejudice. In tures to humanity give to all readers London the hostel for Oriental stu- grace to understand, so that it may be dents, opened in 1913, is being carried a source of wisdom, a lamp to their on, and efforts are made to help the feet, and a light to their path." Germen in the choice of lodgings and the man Catholics are raising large sums obtaining of suitable friends. A grow- for the printing and distribution of ing circle of British Christian people these Bible portions. are offering the hospitality of their homes for the vacations. As far as Gospels for Italian Soldiers possible f6reign student secretaries are appointed in the larger university THE Scripture Gift Mission is discentres, and the work is all supervised tributing the Word of God as by one secretary whose headquarters are in London. The Chinese Students widely as possible in Italy, where there Christian Union has become a strong has never been such a golden opporand important organization, and holds tunity of sowing the Gospel Seed as an annual conference at Swanwick. now. There is not only absolute free- This Union has its own full-time secre- dom from all legal restrictions and obtary, its magaz~ne and local meetings. stacles, but also in great part from A similar Unic).ll has recently been priestly interference. established among Christian students from India and Ceylon. "Three millions of Italy'S young men are, or soon will be, under arms, A Successor to Dr. Guinness men from every region and of every social condition, exposed to great hard- WHEN the late Dr. Harry Grattan ship, self-sacrifice and temptation and Guinness, at the close of twenty- face to face with instantaneous death or mutilation for life. The result of eight years of responsibility as Acting- this is to make them think as they Director of the Regions Beyond Mis'- never did before and when the altersionary Union, gave up the general natives of life and death are before

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them, the tendency to atheism of the reduced to slavery by the wealthy last few years seems suddenly stemmed Turks'. For this purpose they were put as by a miracle. There is an intense up for sale either at Bit-Bazar or at yearning among the men for spiritual Le Han des Persons in Stambou1. help. A spiritual worker in Italy says: Orphan children of from 8 to 12 years I wish I could express their soul hunger were sold for 2 medj idiehs (about for comfort and the way in which $1.60) while older girls fetched a higher they crowd round and ask for Gospels. price. In one case a pasha of great I wish you could see them stretching wealth bought one in order to make out their hands and asking over one her a present to a friend. This was another's shoulders for the Gospel." told me by a Belgian who was an eye- witness of the transaction. The sale Salvation Army in Russia of slaves at Constantinople, however, was not carried on on the same scale THE Salvationists have opened in as at Adana, for instance. There I Petrograd a home for refugees from learn that thousands of orphan girls were sold for a piece of bread each." Poland. Seven Salvationists are to take part in the relief expeditIOn which Life of Livingstone for Moslem Boys the Russian government has organized for the Armenians, which will be fi- THE Nile Mission Press of Cairo in nanced by the Grand Duchess' Tatjanas connection with the World's Sun- Fund. day-school Association, has recently is- sued an edition of fourteen thousand Another Russian Reform copies of an illustrated Boy's Life of David Livingstone. This edition is to ONE great moral disability of the be circulated among Moslem boys Russian people disappeared with through the Christian Sunday-school scholars in Egypt, the Sudan, Arabia the prohibition at vodka. A second and Algiers. The St. Paul's Congrehas now followed in the breaking up gational Sunday-school of Brooklyn, of the Russian Pale, the region in the N. Y., is paying two-thirds of the west of Russia to which the Jews expense. Those who know the kind were compelled to restrict their resi- of books usually read by Moslem boys dence. They are now free under the and the great dearth of interesting, Imperial sanction, pending an exami- wholesome literature will realize the nation of the whole question, to reside importance of this work in which the anywhere in the empire except in the Nile Mission Press and the World's cities of Petrograd and Moscow, and Sunday-school Association are cooperother places under the immediate juris- ating. They also published in 1915 diction of the ministry of war and the 24,500 copies of story parables for Imperial court. Moslems by Miss Trotter, 7,600 pam- phlets written by Dr. Zwemer for MOSLEM LANDS Moslem men, and 20,000 useful leaflets for teachers. The total output of the A Armenians Sold in Turkey press for 1915 was $53,000 pamphlets N English paper, The Anti-Slavery and leaflets in Arabic, Turkish and Reporter and Aborigines' Friend, Persian versions may follow. The publishes the following letter, trans- World's S. S. Association Committee lated from the French, which appeared on work among Moslems is composed in a Swiss paper, and states that the assertions made in it have been con- of Bishop J. C. Hartzell, Chairman; Dr. firmed by the International Bureau in Geneva. "A number of young Armenian girls were brought to Constantinople in order that they might be

E. F. Frease, Miss A. Y. Thompson, less open result-six boys, four Mo- Dr. S. M. Zwemer, Dr. John Giffen hammedans and two Jews asking for and Rev. Stephen Trowbridge, Sec- baptism this year-God knows what retary. may be in the hearts of others.

Conditions in Armenia as the day.' "-The Christian.

T HE quiet that has come over the An Object Lesson for the Arab Armenians of Asia Minor is the silence of death. How many have AN incident in the life of Dr. Paul been killed, how many deported and W. Harrison, of the Arabian Mishow many women and girls are pris- sion of the Reformed Church, shows oners, none can tell. Some five thou- how a missionary may live out the sand are in Egypt, thousands are in gospel of sacrifice which he proclaims. Russia and Persia and hundreds of An Arab one day brought a child to thousands are still in Turkey. The him, suffering from a disease which re- American Armenian Relief Committee, quired the transfusion of blood as the of which Dr. James L. Barton is chair- only hope of a cure. Dr. Harrison man, has forwarded to date about asked the father if he would allow a $300,000, which are being used to save vein in his own arm to be opened in the remnant of these unfortunate order that his blood might be transpeople. There are 225,000 of the mitted into the body of his child. His refugees in Tiflis alone and relief refusal was' instant and final. Then costs $5.00 per capita a month. Turk- Dr. Harrison quietly opened a vein in ish authorities refused to allow any his own arm and gave the blood necescommission to go into the country to sary to restore that child. The father administer relief. Many of the uttered his amazement by declaring that American missionaries remain at their he would not have done that for a posts in Turkey, but eleven have died house filIed with gold.

in the past ten months. INDIA The Russian forces have occupied Work for India's Young Men Van and are reported to have surrounded Erzerum, in which are 80,000 THE growth of the Young Men's Turkish troops. Christian Association in India, and its adaptability to the needs of the A Christian School in Persia native young men have been remark- THE furloughs of Rev. and Mrs. S. able. There are now over 200 active M. Jordan, of Teheran, Persia, Associations in India and Ceylon, each having been postponed on account of association having from one to five war conditions, Mrs. Jordan writes of branches. Some associations are small, thankfulness that their health makes it with only a handful of members, where- possible for them to remain where as the Colombo Association, with over they are needed. "In spite of the 1,000 members, is the largest in the troublous times and the added oppo- National Union. The total membership sition to Christians," she says, "we reaches to nearly 12,000. Of these, have had a good year in school and three-quarters are Indians and over half out. Our 534 boys, 50 of whom are the latter are non-Christians. 190 sec- in the two boarding departments, have retaries are on the staff of the Indian given us much to do. We have in no Association Movement: Indian, 95 ; way lessened our evangelistic work in British, 51; American, 41; Continental, Bible class, Y. M. C. A., Brotherhood, 3. In addition to the above, who are or with individuals, and tho there is all paid workers, there is a large num-

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ber of honorary secretaries, practically Troubles of German Missionaries all of whom are Indians. More progress has been made in the securing of THE German missionaries in India Indian secretaries during the past ten who were interned, as well as those months than in the previous half decade. Nor in numbers alone has there been still at large, received notice about the advance, for the educational standard middle of August that they would be has been raised practically to the equiv- repatriated to Germany, or, in the case alent of the B. A. The fact that B. of men under forty-eight years of age, A.'s and M. A.'s are now asking for be sent as prisoners of war to Ahmedmen with university degrees, admission nagar. All the members of the Schlesto training for the secretaryship puts wig Holstein mission and all the Gerthis profession in an altogether differ- man members of the Basel mission had ent light in the eyes of Indian young already been removed from their stamen. tions. In the Hermannsburg mission the effect of the new order left only German Missionaries in India one missionary, who happened to be a British subject; and in the Leipzig THE National Missionary Council, mission, from which only three mis- representing missions from all parts sionaries had been previously removed, the effect was to leave only two men of India, passed the following reso- and two women, who are Russian sublution at its annual meeting: "The jects. The Bishop of Madras had National Missionary Council desires to several interviews with the Governor place on record an expression of its of Madras, requesting him to modify deep thankfulness to God for the dis- the order, and several missionaries on interested and self-denying labors of health and other grounds were allowed German mis'sionaries in India, to which to remain. The German missions relief we owe the establishment, not only of committee, of which the Bishop of the existing German, but also of some Madras is a member, sent a letter, of the most flourishing British Mis- which the bishop signed, to each GersIOns. The Council is convinced that man missionary, in which they exprest their labors have throughout been in- "distress at the manifestation of bitterspired by devotion to Jesus Christ, and ness in the public press," stating that directed to the spiritual elevation of they had done their best "to prevent the people of India. . . . the passing of premature judgmentS' on the political question, and still more to "The Council deeply regrets that the help our fellow missionaries to mainlabors of the missionaries have in- tain an attitude of brotherliness toward evitably been interrupted, and sym- you all personally," and begging them pathizes with them in their present on their part "to refrain from criticism separation from the work which they either of Government or of British love. Further, the Council deplores missionaries."-The Church Missionary that the exigencies of the war have led Society Review. to the interruption of that fellowship between German and other mission- A Young Moslem Convert aries which was enjoyed before its commencement, and earnestly hope that on THREE years ago a young Pathan the conclusion of peace, in the good accompanied his father to the providence of God, conditions may be such as to make possible the resump- Church Missionary Society hospital at tion of this happy cooperation in the Peshawar, near the Khyber PaS's. A task of extending Christ's Kingdom." serious abdominal operation was per- formed on the old man, from which he

recovered. The son while there bought tian surroundings, especially if they a Gospel. Last summer the young man, are illiterate." now twenty years of age, went again to the hospital and stated that he A A Woman's Medical Colle~e wished to become a Christian. He had MOVEMENT is now well under met no Christian in the interval and way to establish a union medical had no teaching beyond what he college for women in Southern India. learned from that Gospel, but he had The city of Vellore has been chosen as quietly made his determination and he the place to locate the college, and the had already learned something of the government of India has given twenty cost. His people were angry, and took acres of land for the site with a promeverything from him, and tho he is a ise of more help. The mission board boy of good family he possesses nothing of the Dutch Reformed Church has but the clothes he wears. He is now given $50,000 toward the hospital, and working in the hospital, getting as yet a like amount has been secured from only a living wage, but learning some- the legacy of Mrs. Rockefeller. This thing of what it means to be a Chris- comes through the Woman's Baptist tian. foreign missionary society. But other large sums will be needed to provide Cross and Crescent in India necessary buildings and equipment for such an institution as the plans call THE Rev. R. F. Pearce writes in the for. It is the purpose to make this a North India Gleaners: "I regret high grade medical college where young women may receive the same training to say that the Mohammedans are for medical service as they would renow making a set at our people. The ceive in England or the United States. first to secede was a man at Bollobhpur who had been a Mohammedan convert An Appeal From Indian Villages some years ago, and went back to live with his relations. He was followed by THE following letter, received by a two families of Christian parentage at missionary in South India, is typi- Bhitapara. It is not uncommon for a Mussulman convert to relapse, but I have cal of the mass movement toward never before heard of Indians of Chris- Christianity: "Sir : We have been tian parentage going among Moham- idolaters in accordance with our ancient medans, and found their isolation in- custom. Now we have understood that convenient. I went over to see them, there is no use in such worship, and but could not find the heads of the have therefore resolved to turn to families. I saw a son of one family, Christ. There is no mission working and he said lie did not want to be a in this region. The Roman Catholics Mohammedan, but his father called have visited us, but we have heard that him to the mosque, and told him to there are some defects in .their religion. repeat some words after the moulvi. Weare farmers'. We are very desirous He did so, and was then told that he of believing in the Lord Jesus Christ. was a Mohammedan. He did not under- We, thetefore, beg you to come to us stand what the words meant. It is and to preach to us (the helpless chilobvious that there is no religious con- dren of the devil) the Good Tidings, viction in a conversion to Islam. I and turn us to the way of salvation. hope that some members' of these fami- Hoping you wiIl send us a comforting lies will come back, but the whole in- promise. Signed by or on behalf of all cident shows the dangerous position of the adult inhabitants of Ponnamanda." isolated Christian families in non-Chris- -Missionary Tidings.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

CHINA cities of China had been added to the China', Two Needs already eXisting Council. A Scout Rally which was held at this time, in ELDER LIN, of Tsinanfu, Shantung which all the Shanghai scouts and a province, who, at eighty-seven patrol {rom Canton took part, brought the movement into so much prominence years of age, is the oldest living Chris- that the executive officers of the Boy tian of the 10,000 Presbyterian church Scouts Association of China have diffimembers in Shantung, has sent by a culty in coping with the work of organreturning missionary this message to ising new troops and supplying infor- American Christians: "China has only mation to those whose interest has two needs, she needs to guard her been aroused.-Chinese Recorder. mouth and to guard her heart. China needs to guard the mouth-she needs to watch out for everything which will. $300,000 for Shantung Christian make it easier for her people to 'get University over the days,' and to have food and comfort in their lives. We must care WORK on the new buildings for the Shantung Christian Univerfor our country's material prosperity. And we need to guard the heart. Now, sity at Tsinanfu, China, is being pushed the Chinese heart is a heart of fear. rapidly and $100,000 has already been Rich and poor, old and young, every contributed for the main recreation one of us naturally fears both men and haIl, the chapel, the science hall, five devil. What we need is to know about residences and one dormitory. Another sum of $245,000 has also been conthe heart of love." Elder Lin has sent two grandsons to tributed toward the Y. M. C. A. build- America to prepare themselves to meet ing, three dormitories, the teachers' these two needs: one is studying mining training college, a model Chinese vilengineering and the other, who expects lage for residences of Chinese proto be a preacher, is taking a post- fessors and university employees, a graduate course at Princeton Seminary. power house, university press, machine repair shop, and other necessary ad- The Scout Movement in China juncts of university and mission life.

T HE Chinese Boy Scouts' Associa- The entire amount needed will be at tion was established in 1913 with least $300,000.

the exprest purpose of spreading the Social Service in Shanghai scouting idea throughout the country, and altho the Association has been THE East Gate Social Service House working quietly and within a limited in Shanghai, opened last spring, was area it has always kept in view the the first effort of the missionaries to gain object of making the movement a nat- a place in this neighborhood. Miss ional one. During the week of Olympic Silver, a Presbyterian miSSIOnary, Games held in Shanghai in May, 1915, writes: "For years this district, where an enthusiastic meeting of people inter- the most intelligent and enterprising of ested in the movement was held, and the Chinese business men are found, has it was decided to consider the gather- remained at our doorS', one of the least ing the first meeting of the national evangelized parts of the city of Shang- Boy Scouts Association of China, and to hai. We have felt that we must accept recognize the original Chinese Boy the responsibility for work, yet our force Scouts Association as the (National) has remained too small to cope with the Boy Scouts Association of China after problem. Gifts for land and hall came at least six representatives of the great to us and we felt the Lord Himself was

challenging us to a bolder faith and a dark women began to arrive in carts more perfect obedience to the call of from far in the country. Here the the need. With only part of the funds crowd was so great that the lantern needed for the first year's current ex- was placed in the court, and the church penses we went forward and decided on and court were packed with ticketthe place where we wanted to open holders while the roofs of all the neighwork, and what was our surprize to find boring houses were black with the a three-story building of European people."-Harlan P. Beach. architecture with a pleasing exterior and the inside almost suited to our needs. What Progress Has Been Made Has not the Lord gone before us, and shall we not be strong and very coura- THE latest statistics of evangelical geous, believing in the future of this church membership in the republic work and surmdUnt the difficultieS' that face every new venture?" of China gave 470,000. The churches are served by 546 ordained Chinese Student Volunteers in Peking pastors and 5,364 unordained workers. There are also 4,712 Chinese Christian THE annual message of the Student school teachers, 1,789 Bible women, and Volunteers of Peking University is 496 native assistants in the hospital. Chinese Christians' contributed last 'year inspiring reading. "The Gospel Team $320,000 for Christian work. There are started out on their first venture the 85,241 Chinese boys and g~rls in primlatter part of June-eight young men ary and day schools of the various all drest in khaki uniforms, with pith missions and 31,384 students in the helmets on their heads, with banners intermediate and high schools and coland cornets, bugles and drums, a magic leges maintained by the evangelical lantern, a bundle of books, and glad church. The hospitals number 235. hearts-a little band of soldiers of the with 200 dispensaries. Patients treated Gospel of Peace with the helmet of last year, 1.322,802. salvation upon their heads, the sword of the Spirit in their hands. Plans JAPAN AND KOREA were perfected before they left Peking, and words of hearty welcome had A Unique Gift of Japanese Christian come from pastors along their route. Stuoents In each place posters announced the coming of the team with the Gospel THO the war has been respon~ message and musical and lantern at- sible for engendering hatred and tractions. In most places the crowds were so great the first night that bitterness. it has also been the occatickets for admission were given out sion for many beautiful expressions of for succeeding nights; and even then a truly Christian spirit. One of the the churches were usually crowded with most unique of these is the action of women, while the windows were re- the Christian students of Japan, who at moved and the courts packed with men Christmas time sent fifty Christmas and boys. At Chien So, where they trees to the twelve stations where Gercame into the region of flat roofs. man prisoners of war are detained and the chief of police came with a very also 50,000 sheets of writing paper. courteous but unusual request, that the several thousand envelopes and some girls from the government school might candles. On the letter paper was be permitted to come, promising an printed in German a Christmas greetextra guard for the night. Long before ing and the words: "The Lord is our Refuge and Strength, a very present help in trouble."

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There are many evidences of genuine geiist, are "nothing short of marvel- spiritual life in the Japanese student lous," compelling one to recognize the movement to-day. In all the student vigor and resourcefulness of the J apan- hostels it is the custom to have a sun- ese church, as well as the power of rise prayer and Bible reading service God.-Congregationalist together. A majority of the residents attend. Students are also accustomed ISLANDS OF THE SEA at certain times of the year to hold sunrise prayer meetings on a neighbor- American Schools in the Philippines ing mountain or beneath some tree which has acquired sacred associations'. THE wonderful educational work Such occasions seem to mean more to which the American government has Japanese students than to those of Western lands. built up in the Philippines has brought into being a magnificent body of 9,000 Japan's Evangelistic Campaign English-speaking teachers of native stock. The fact that these are in THE three years' evangelistic cam- touch with Anglo-American ideals and paign, which was initiated and literature, rather than with Spanish, will have an enormous influence in planned by the Christians of Japan, is bringing the Philippines into the chan- now more than half over, and it is nel of a reformed type of Christianity. possible to point out some of its char- acteristics up to this time. One of its Missionary Spirit in the South Seas best results has been the developing of a spirit of cooperation and the break- ONE of the most remarkable features ing down of denominational barriers. of missionary enterprise in the A significant feature of the movement Pacific has been the missionary spirit is that it has not been necessary to of the Polynesian Church. In every call in famous speakers from abroad group, without exception, this has been in order to interest the common people. manifested in such a marked degree • Japanese pastors and laymen have not that it is not too much to say that no only drawn crowds, but have perceptibly part of the world can show a finer imprest cities like Tokio, Osaka and record of missionary enthusiasm and Kyoto, so that the newspapers and the self-sacrifice than these islands of the men on the street for the first time Southern Seas. No sooner has the found Christianity a live subject for Polynesian convert realized the signifi- comment and consideration. cance of the Divine love than he has become possest by a desire to pasS' on The campaign has used all methods: the good news to others. From island it has revived street preaching; the to island, and from group to group, automobile and the newspapers have the evangel has spread, and the re- been prest into service; Japanese Chris- markable success of missionary effort tians have not hesitated to pay at in the Pacific has been due, not so almost advertising rates' for space in much to the labors of the white mis- the most prominent pages of Tokio sionaries, as to the humble, but no less dailies for concise but convincing sum- heroic efforts of the native Christians. maries of Christian truth that have gone not only to tens of thousands of While the churches of Polynesia have subscribers, but have been distributed given of their best manhood and wo- personally or through the mails to many manhood for this noble work, those others as well. who have stayed behind have not been lacking in practical sympathy. Most The results, says the Japan Evan- of the older missions in the Pacific are self-supporting, that is to say, they

build their own churches, maintain Rev. Duncan Travers, secretary of their own schools, and support their the Universities' Mission to Central Af- own teachers, the only charge on the rica, writes that the mission has no very Missionary Society being the mainten- definite information concerning the ance of the European staff, and the forty-two missionaries who are im- schools for .higher education. But in prisoned in German East Africa; no addition to this, something like $75,000 communication with them is possible. per year is contributed by the Poly- They are allowed to see no letters, but . nesian churches, for foreign effort. the mission has been informed by the AFRICA Bishop of Zanzibar that parcels sent to the Naval Officer-in-Charge, at Zanzi- Winning Moslem Boys and Girls bar, may perhaps be forwarded. The members of the mission who are interned NOT long ago the World's Sunday have received .no communication what- School Association had published ever from their friends since August, 1914. The mission has reason to beat the Nile Mission Press in Cairo more lieve that they are somewhere on the than 20,000 copies of Christian story- line between Dar-es-Salaam and Lake parables in the Arabic language. These Tanganyika, and from the latest intelliwere given to the children in the Sun- gence it is understood that they are all day-schools of Egypt as awards for alive. bringing new scholars and for learning portions of the Scripture by heart. "No tidings of the Church Missionary The pastor of Baiyadia, a smalI town Society representatives in German East in Middle Egypt, reports that after the Africa were received for many months, first week fifteen Moslem boys entered the Sunday-school for the first time and some fear was felt for their safety and ten Moslem girls. The lesson wa~ until one of the secretaries of the Ber- on temperance and they were so keenly lin Missionary Society sent, most interested that they have all been thoughtfully, through Pastor Wurz, of coming ever since, su the prospect is Basel, Switzerland, the following mes- that they will become regular pupils. sage: 'If you are writing to a member of From the Zaraby church the pastor, the Church Missionary Society, please Ibrahim Dewairy, r~ports 40 new send a cordial greeting from me and say pupils as the result of the first an- that I have received news from our mis- nouncement of these story-parables as sionaries in German East Africa that prizes. the brothers of the Church Missionary Society are, under the circumstances, British Missionaries in German East doing well, and that our Lrethren are in Africa every possible way helping them and their work. Also I have written a cor- MORE has been heard of the suffer- dial greeting to the brethren of the Church Missionary Society (in German ings of German mis'Sionaries than of East Africa), and said that we should the British for two reasons: (1) There like to do whatever is in our power for are many more Germans in British terri- them and their work." tory or conquered provinces than vice versa. (2) The British missionaries in In West Africa the British troops German East Africa have not been sent have succeeded in driving the German home, and practically nothing has been forces (15,000 men) out of Kamerun heard from them. A recent report from into Spanish Guinea, where they were Great Britain says of these interned disarmed and interned. The British ocmissionaries;

J)16] WORLD-WIDE MlSSIONARY NEWS

enpied Lolodorf, January 28th, one of "It was a supreme moment for some the mission stations of the American when that trio of voices responded 'I Presbyterians. renounce , . . . the religion of Islam.'

Revival in South Africa Their voices said that. Their faces said 'vVe have found something so A REVIVAL has recently come at much better.' The vision of those Rusitu, Gazaland. Missionaries three white-robed figures as they stood tell of remarkable scenes of rich bless- before us on Sunday afternoon and the ing, the power of the Holy Spirit. echo of that threefold response will Large numbers have surrendered them- never be forgotten." selves to Christ and have been baptized.

Mr. Rees Howells, one of the mission- Lovedale Institution aries writes: "The first three days were a time of confessions and pleading for THE Lovedale Missionary Institution, mercy. Then the next two, they came South Africa, looks forward to to liberty, and, oh, the joy, the whole celebrating its seventy-fifth anniversary congregation bursting out into joyous next July. In this connection it is inthanksgiving! On Friday morning, 60 teresting to note that at least one native stood up for baptism, wanting to be- family has never been without a reprecome members of the church. On Sat- sentative in the Institution during these urday, we all went down the river, and three-quarters of a century. On July the service lasted from 9.30 a.m. till 24, 1841, Jacob Bokwe was one of the 5 p.m., and many of the heathen were original 20 pupils with whom the Instiheld spellbound throughout that time. tution began. Twenty-five years later It was a glorious sight to see two at his S'On, John Knox Bokwe, entered as a time coming into the river." a pupil, and remained on as a valued member of the staff long after his Algerian Women Baptized school course was completed. Succeed- ing members of Mr. Knox Bokwe's T HE first Arab women in modern family have kept up the continuity, times to accept Christ publicly in coming and going without any break, Algeria were baptized early in the the four now in residence being, of winter in the North Africa Mission of course, Lovedalians of the third generathe Methodist Episcopal Church. Miss tion. Jacob Bokwe, his wife, and his E. R. Loveless, acting principal of the wife's sister were all received into the Constantine Girls' Home, describes the Church as full members on March 31, occasion: 1844.

"Weare not working here among Copts or Armenians, but directly among MISCELLANEOUS the Arabs and Berbers-bigoted Mohammedans. The baptism of our How Can I Keep Informed About native woman Roheiha, and the two Missions girls Sherifa and Hajeela (November 7th) was a wonderfully impress'ive occa- 1. By spending some money on my own sion, for these were the first native missionary education. women in Constantine to publicly con- How much has it cost thus far? fess Christ. No one could doubt the happiness of all three, for their faces 2. By reading mis'sionary books and literally shone with joy and their clear, ma!;azines. How many have I read this year?

firm responses showed their intelligent 3. By joining a missionary discussion understanding of the step they were group.

taking. Is there one in my church?

4. By attending missionary conven- establishing of one station after an- tions. other which to-day are strategic and How many have I attended? important mission centers. He was a man of untiring energy, and had visited 5. By contact with missionaries. in his evangelistic tours practically every church in a district about the How many do I know? size of England. His three daughters are all engaged in missionary work, 6. By acting on what I know now. and one of his sons is in charge of a Am I doing this? mission hospital. The Archdeacon was respected and loved alike by the mis- 7. By passing on what I learn. sionaries, the European commttnity, How much have others learned and the Chinese for whom he had worked for so many years. through me? -Laymen's. Missionary Movement. American Board Miuionaries in Turkey OBITUARY NOTES SINCE May 1, 1915, 11 American Board missionaries connected with D Dr. Ira Harris of Syria R. IRA HARRIS has died at the three Asiatic Turkey missions have Tripoli, after more than thirty died. The end came to all but one (Dr. years of service in the Syria Mission Barnum) in the midst of their work, of the Presbyterian Board. Devoted as and most of them came to ,the end of he was to his medical work, Dr. Harris their labors because of the hardships never permitted it to crowd out his and overexertion connected with the missionary motive. On the label of war. every bottle of medicine that went out from his hospital he had printed pas- Mrs. Mary E. Barnum, May 9, 1915. sages of Scripture, so that every time a dose of medicine was taken the pa- Miss Charlotte E. Ely, July 11, 1915. tient would be reminded of Christ the great Physician. He was recognized Mrs. Elizabeth B. Ussher, July 14, as a man of wise judgment and poise, and several times has acted as the 191~ . American Consular Agent at Tripoli. At the time of his death this was the Rev. George P. Knapp, August 10, case. Whenever there were special 1915. cans because of famine or plague, Dr. Harris was likely to be the first one ~o M; rs= . ~ George C. Raynolds, August 27, to respond. 1915.

Archdeacon Wolfe of China Mrs Helen D. Thorn, September 9, 1915. Ir" the d~ath at Foochow of Arch- deacon J. R. Wolfe, in the eighty- Rev. Francis H. Leslie, October 30, second. year of his age, the Church 1915. Missionary Society has lost one of its pioneer missionaries. The Archdeacon, Daniel M. B. Thom, M.D., December who set sail for China in 1861, had 6, 1915. almost completed fifty-four years of foreign service. As a pioneer mission- Rev. Henry S. Barnum, D.D., Decemary, his journeys over the province, ber 10, 1915. preaching and teaching, led to the Fred D. Shepard, M.D, December 18, 1915 Henry H. Atkinson, M.D., December 25, 1915.

til,I BOOKS ON MI3SIONS m,/ ,'

AND ,…………………………i MISSION LANDS ,-•…, …../":/' I India and Its Faiths. By James Bissett Mr. Pratt's book is marked by frank- Pratt. Illustrated. 8vo. 843 pp. $4.00, net. Houghton, Miffiin Co., 1915. ness and fairness. If at times he seems to be too optimistic as to the religious In accordance with the statement of situation, the fault springs from his the preface, this remarkably readable eager desire to see the good in all move- book is not an attempt to write another ments which look toward an understand- treatise on the religions of India, but ing of the truth. A second characteristic rather to reveal through the eyes of a is the writer's ability to stand off and traveler and one interested in the general look at a problem, even the Christian problems of psychology and the phil- religion, and see both its strength and its osophy of religion, the Indian religious weakness. Apparently he has been try- life as it is to-day, without partizanship irg to divest his mind, at least for the or antecedent bias. It is a tribute to time being, of all favoritism. It is sig- Mr. Pratt's power of observation that nificant that one lays down the book in the comparatively short trip coveril1~ without any doubt in his mind that the the autumn, winter and spring of 1913- writer recognizes in Christianity a pre- 14, he could get such an insight into the eminence among the religions of the heart of the religious situation of India. world, which is a strong vindication of The book contains twenty-one chap- its claims. Similarly, while looking ters. The first chapter "On Avoiding fairly at Indian faiths, the author is un- Misunderstandings" might well be read sparing in his criticism of their defects.

by all who are trying to comprehend the In speaking of the teachers, priests and situations in the Far East. Mr. Pratt's holy men of India and their degenera- cautions as to the taking of testimony tion, he says: and the need of openmindedness are "Perhaps the saddest part of this exceedingly valuable. whole process of degeneration is to be The next five chapters cover: "Hindu found not in the loss of belief, not in the Worship," "The Hindu Pilgrim," "The meaningless forms, not even in the im- Many Gods," "The One God," and moralities and obscenities connected "Duty and Destiny." They give a gen- with some of the sects, but in the hypoc- eral statement of the religious situation risy and sham inevitably bred when an and a very strong and vigorous picture orthodox but unspiritual conservatism which serves as a background for the meets an increasing but cowardly intel- succeeding chapters. . ligence."

In chapters seven to sixteen we have Mr. Pratt says a strong word as to the an illuminating and sketchy account of attitude of the American government the various religious movements of toward Eastern nationalities, and brings India, laying special emphasis on the out into clear relief the danger of a con- reform movements in Hinduism and the tinued disregard of Christian principles progressive tendencies in all religions. in international relations because of the • The last five chapters tOlich upon inevitable reaction it will have in the "Christian Missions in India" and their minds of intelligent Orientals.

value. The hook puts withi.n the ability of

the ordinary reader a popular treatise during all of her thirty years in Africa- on a fascinating topic, and is strongly she nevertheless delighted in the beauti- recommended for those who have neither ful things of life, and during her yeats time nor disposition to go more deeply in the African bush, kept informed of into the study of India's faiths. the main events taking place in the out- Mary Slessor of Calebar. By W. P. side world. Livingstone. Illustrated. 8vo. 3s. 6d. The success that rewarded her toil Hodden and Stoughton, London, 1915. was very great and will multiply as the The life story of Mary Slessor, of years pass. Honored by government Calebar, rivals in many particulars the officials, loved by her fellow workers and thrilling story of the heroism, and de- almost worshiped by the children, men votion of David Livingstone. and women about her, she gladly lived her life to the full. The story of her Mary Siessor was born in a poor Scot- life recently published surpasses "Thinktish shoemaker's home, and as the ing Black" in interest and gives not only father became an habitual drunkard, she a vivid picture of life in the African was compelled to earn her living at a bush but also the power of a life that very early age. It was prophetic of her was glorified and transfigured by a full growing strength that she and her devotion to her Lord. mother, with splendid pride, kept the fact of her father's infirmity largely In the Land of the Cherry Blossom. By unknown until his death. Maude W. Madden. Illustrated, 12mb, 192 pp. 75 cents. Fleming H. Revell Co" The girl early conceived the idea of 1915. being a missionary, and after over- Japan is a land of fascinating scenes coming many seemingly unsurmountable obstacles, she was sent by the United and people. Miss Madden pictures many Presbyterian Church to Calebar, West of these delightfully in her series of Africa. She had a compelling sense of 20 sketches. There are snapshots' in mission: "I must go; I am in honor temples and Japanese homes, at festibound to go," was a characteristic ex- vals and feasts for the dead; there are pression. For years she supported her life sketches of a geisha maiden, of a mother in the Scottish home from what prisoner who became a preacher, of a she could save from her modest stipend. modern Cornelius and of others who have come into the light of Christ. Mis- From the first, Miss Slessor showed sionary societies and Sunday-schools will not only a true pioneer spirit, by pene- find the volume especially adapted to trating unattended into the interi<:>r, but their needs. she also exerted a wonderful power over the cannibalistic savages, aqH;>ng whom Their Call to Service. By PhiHp E. she lived. For a time she was compelled, Howard. 16mo. '157 pp. 60 cents, net. for lack of other shelter, to live with the The Westmimter Press, Philadelphia, 1915.

wives of a chief in his harem, and was These stimulating studies in the part- frequently witness of unspeakable nership of business and religion, ex- cruelty and of violent deaths from trials amines the lives of such noteworthy men by poison, burning oil, and by decapita- as Sir George Williams, John H. Con- tion. Tho naturally a timid, gentle wo- verse, John S. Huyler, .WilIiam E.

man, she repeatedly subdued mobs of Dodge, and Cyrus H. McCormick. They drunken savages, and so great was her show how each side of the partnership power over different tribes that the Brit- contributes to the other and makes for ish government made her a magistrate. symmetry, strength, and achievement.

Most unconventional in dress and ap- They are especially valuable for young pearance-she went unshod and hatless men.

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

The Reign of the Prince of Peace. By haps, not the first duty of a man or Richard H. McClearne'y. 12mo. 160 woman, but it is a most important fac- pp. 75 cents. Charles C. Cook, New tor in happiness and s·ervice. The com- York, 1915. mand: "Be ye holy" may rightly be in- The poem is' a description of the time terpreted to include also, "Be ye healthy." when Christ shall rule-a time of peace and plenty, of righteousness and love.

The Kingdom in History and Prophecy. The Children of Wild Australia. By By Kev. Lewis Sperry Chafer. 12mo. Herbert Pitts. 12mo. 90 pp. 60 cents. 157 pp. 75 cents. Revell, 1915. Illustrated. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1915.

Bible students have long differed in The Australian Aborigines, the their interpretation of the Kingdom of people of the boomerang, are among the God and its fulfilment. Mr. Chafee, here least known of all the people still on gives a clear Biblical exposition of the earth. They have peculiar habits, laws subject-the promises, the offer, and re- and characteristics that make them par- jection, .the present situation and the ticularly fascinating to study. This consummation. The volume is worthy description of their life and customs of careful study and is closely related will appeal to children and to all' who to missions. love adventure, folklore and travel in The Nez Perces Since Lewis and Clark. strange lands. We also see the black- By Kate C. McBeth. Illustrated. 8vo. fellows need of Christ and the encour- 272 pp. $1.00. Fleming H. Revell Co., agement for work among them. 1908.

Miss Kate McBeth, who has recently Nancy's Mother. By Jean Carter Cochgone to her reward, was a woman of ran. Paper. l2mo. 70 pp. Presbytruly heroic personality and power. In terian Woman's Board of Foreign Mis- sions, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, 1915.

this narrative we have the story of This fascinating picture of the charm- thirty-five years of life and work with ing life and work of a missionary mother her sisters among the Nez Perces In- in China is also a well-deserved tribute dians of the Northwest. Miss McBeth to Mrs. James Cochran, who is made was a faithful, unselfish, and wise to live before us as Nancy's Mother.

teacher, and has left a monument in The series of scenes and incidents grip the Christian Indians who came from the heart and stir the best impulses.

her school. These sisters were pioneers, "Nancy's Mother" will go on shedding and built schools, houses, and churches', love and sunshine wherever this little invented and manufactured things to gift-book finds a reading. She will also supply the necessaries of life, endured make friends for Christ and His service.

hardship and trials-but the victories The Children of South Americ&. By and trophies won made it worth while. Mrs. Katherine A. Hodge. IIIustrated. 12mo. 128 pp. Is. 6d., net. Oliphant's How to Live. By Irving Fisher and Ltd. Edinburgh, 1915. Eugene L. Fisk, M.D. 8vo. 3 x 5 pp. Mrs. Hodge, whose article On the $1.00, net. Funk & WagnalIs Co, 1915.

Missionaries and pastors will be "Women of South America" appeared greatly benefited, their efficiency will be in the August MISSIONARY REVIEW, has increased and their lives of service pro- recently passed away. She gives here her longed, if they will read, digest, and put last contributions to missionary work in into practise the simple, sane principles South America. It is a vivid story of set forth in this volume. The subject conditions and people of various coun- of health on a high plane is discust un- tries, told for children. Many will find der the main divisions of Air; Food; the volume somefthat one-sided in its Poisons; Activity; Hygiene, etc. The view, since the emphasis is on ~he dark- preservation of physical health is, per- er side of sin and illiteracy, without

due regard to the excellences in Latin- A Short History of Belg;um. By Leon Van der Essen, Ph.D., LL.D. 121110. American character and institutions. The pp. viii-168. $1.00. net. University oi Ch'cago Press. Chiogo, 1915. descriptions are calculated to awaken The Sailors' Magaz;ne and Seamen's interest and a desire to help improve Friend. Bound volume for the years 1914 and 1915. Vols. LXXXVI. and conditions and opportunities. LXXXVII. Illustrated. 8vo. 192,192 pp. Tl'e American Seamen's Friend So- The End of the Law. Christ or Buddhism. ciety, New York, 1915. By Gilmore and Smith. Paper. 12mo. 87 pp. 4 annas. Association Press, Cal- Morals and Manners Among Negro cutta. Americans. Edited by W. E. Burghardt Du Bois, Ph.D. 138 pp. 75 cents. At- This is an apologetic for Christianity. lanta University Press, Atlanta, 1915.

It is constructive and positive, showing The Cameroons (West Africa). A His- torical Review. By T. Vincent Tymmns, the contrast between the two religions D.D. 24 pp. 3d., net. Carey Press, Lon- don, 1915. and the supremacy of Christian truth. PAMPHLETS The main feature is that it shows how The Perpetual Prayer Calendar. "Pray- Christ is the fulfilment of the best ideals ing Always." Oliphants, Ltd., Edinburgh and London, 1915. of Buddhism. Of course, he is vastly But Now This Saith the Lord. A Mismore than that. sionary Anthem. By T. Tertius Noble. 10 cents a copy; 8 cents in quantities of NEW BOOKS 12 or more. Board of Missions, 281 Fourth Avt;!me, New York, 1915. A Short History of Japan. By Ernest Wilson Clement. 12mo., pp. viii-190. Missions in Africa. The Congo. 10 cents. $1.00, net. University of Chicago Press, American Baptist Foreign Mission So- Chicago, 1915. ciety, Box 41, Boston, Mass., 1915.

The Mikado: Institution and Person. A Presbyterian Missionaries at Work Study of the Internal Political Forces of Among the Lepers of the World. By Japan. By William Elliot Griffis, D.O., W. M. Danner. 5 cents. Woman's Pres. LH.D. Bvo. 345 pp. $1.50, net. Prince- Board of Missions of the N.W., Chicago, ton University Press, Princeton, N. J., 1915. 1915. A Wide-Awake Station in the Land of Mary Bird in Persia. By Clara C. Rice. With a Foreword by the Right Rev. C. Chosen. Board of F. M. P. c., 156 Fifth H. Stileman, D.D. Frontispiece. 8vo. 200 pp. 3s. 6d., net. Church Missionary Avenue, New York, 1915. Society, London, 1915. Report of the Work of the Bureau of Dravidian Goes in Modern Hinduism. A . Education for the Natives of Alaska, Study of the Local and Village Deities of Southern India. By Wilber Theodore 1913-1914. Bulletin, 1915, No. 48. Gov- Elmore, Ph.D. Illustrated. 8vo. 157 ernment Printing Office, Washington, pp. W. T. Elmore, Hamilton, N. Y., 1915. 1915. The Almanac of Missions of the Amer- Mary Slessor of Calaber. By W. P. Liv- ican Board for 1916 contains much valu- ingstone. 3s. 6d., net. Hodder & able information not only for those in- Stoughton, London, 1915. terested in Congregational Missions but for all missionary students-currencies, The Sunday-School Teacher and the postage, shipments, a calendar of an- Program of Jesus. By George H. Trull niversaries; American Board fields, sta- and Jay S. Stowell. 16mo. 160 pp. 50 tistics and addresses of missionaries. 10 cents. The Westminster Press, Phila- cents. Boston. delphia, 1915. Converts Through Medical Work. By Samuel W. W. Witty, tells very interest- The Red Indians of the Plains. By the ing and some remarkable stories of people converted to Christ through the Rev. J. Hines. 6s., net. S. P. C. K, Lon- ministry of physicians. These include a Buddhist monk, a Toro princess, a Brah- don, 1915. man, and a leper. 6d., net. Church Mis- sionary Society, London. Life Abiding and Abounding. Bible The Way Home From the Homeland Studies in Prayer and Meditation. By gives Dan Crawford's story of his journey W. H. Griffith Thomas, D.D. 16mo. 79 back into Central Africa. It is a brief pp. 40 cents, nel. Bible Institute Colpor- message in Mr. Crawford's own inimitable tage Association, Chicago, 1916. style. 6d., net. Oliphant's Ltd., Edin- burgh, 1915. The Acts of the Apostles.· Outline Studies in Primitive. Christianity. By Rev. W. H. Griffith -thomas, D.D. 16mo. 96 pp. 50 cents, net. Bible Institute Col- portage Association, Chicago, 1916.